IMPORTANCE OF PRIMROSE BY-ELECTION NOTED

Johannesburg RAND
[Article by Chris

{Text]

THE Primrose by-elec-
tion campaign con-
jures up a strong
mental image. It is
one of firemen rush-
ing around on a tin-
der-dry veld beating

snonicatly the people ight

ically, the people light-
ing the fires used tebe
part of the fire brigade
and the tinder-dry condi-
tions were created by the
firemen themselves.

The fire brigade is, of:
course, the National Par-
¥ and the fire starters

e Conservative Party.

‘The dry conditions could be

ascribed to 36 years of

apartheid.

The Nationalist candidate, *

Dr Piet Welgemoed, does
not see himself as the

in this picture,
but from the way he de-
scribes the campaign he
geems to fit the descrip-

On the other hand, the CP
candidate, Mr Schalk
Pienaar, clearly does not
see his party as a gang of
political arsonists, but
merely. intent on high-
lighting what they see as
contradictory and decep-
tive NP policy — the ims
Plication being that they,
cannot be held responsi-
ble for the consequences
to-the NP of voter

"Political Tinderbox'

DAILY MAIL in English 9 Nov 84 p 8

Freimond]

reaction.

Primrose, a constituency of

. about 21 000 voters in'the
north-eartern area of
Germiston, is by far the
most important by-elec-
tion of series to be
Sontested on November

It will be a key test for both
the CP and the NP.

The seat was vacated by a
former Cabinet Minister,

, Dr Piet Koornhof, earlier
this year. It had been re-
garded for years as a Na-

nalist stronghold.

The voters are mainly mid-
dle and lower-middle
class with a fairly even
balance between blue and
white collar workers.

About 85% of the Electorate
is English speaking, an
both sides are laying

claim to their majority

support.

They could be a key factor
in the outcome.

Within the context of the by-
election, both candidates
are equally impressive.

Dr Welgemoed, 41, a former
Professor of Transport
Economics at the Rand

Afrikaans University, ©

was one of the bright
pone men taken into
‘arliament in 1981 by the
then Prime Minister, Mr
PW Botha.
He is regarded

litically
as one of the

P's true

56

“verligtes” and is expect-
ed to have a rapid rise in
the party's current “re-
formist” era — if he can
survive Prit 7

Mr Pienaar, 31, a lawyer, is
a former assistent pri-
vate secretary to Dr
Koornhof and was private
secretary to another for-
mer Cabinet Minister, Mr
Braam Raubenheimer.

He is obviously one of the

um intellectuals shay

te ie CP’s course.
has a clear vision of
where he wants the coun-
try to go and how to get it
there.

Both men are highly articu-
late and are able to put
across their party’s poli-
cies in what could be re-
garded as reasonably
convincing style.

is to be expected, both
candidates are confident
of victory. However, one
cannot help feeling that
Mr Pienaar is just a bit
more confident than Dr
Welgemoed.

The NP has reason for con-
cern. A loss in Primrose
would be a major disaster
and could put a whole

range of urban seats

within the CP’s easy
reach — not to mention
nearly every Transvaal
rural area.

To continue its growth the

SOUTH AFRICA

CP needs a significant ur-
ban breakthrough, which
it has not been able to
achieve since the emo-
tion-charged first months
of its existence when it
came within a hair’s
breadth of winning the
Germistion District by-
electi

ion.
With so.much at stake for

unex]
Dr Welgernoed believes the
CP is fighting a malicious
and misleading campaign
and deliberately using ©
racist “swart gevaar’
tactics to frighten voters.
Much of the time of his
campaigners en
by count what they
describe as itful
But Nr Piewsar believes he
is conducting a complete-

ly honest campaign and

charges that it is he NP
at is pract a

of “enmceaiment and rd

ceit”.

He claims that voters have
been mislead by the NP
and that many of those
who supe! the new
Constitution in last year’s
referendum, have ed

ainst the Government.

Mr Pienaar denies the CP is

racist. The party believes

in separate development


STUDENT UNREST ERUPTS AT UNIVERSITIES

NIGERIA

London TALKING DRUMS in English No 49, 10 Sep 84 p 8

[Text]

More than 30 persons were injured last
weekend at the Ahmadu Bello Univer-
sity main campus in Zaria where anti-
riot policemen stormed a delegates’
conference of the National Association
of Nigeria Students (NANS).

A News Agency of Nigeria corres-
pondent present at the scene said that
about five of the persons including two
female students, sustained serious
injuries. Sources close to the divisional
police headquarters in Zaria claimed
that more than 55 students, most of
whom were believed to be delegates
and observers from 25 universities and
other institutions of higher learning,
were arrested.”

The whereabouts of Mr Lanre
Arogundade, the National President of
NANS, which had been declared illegal
by the Federal Government, was
unknown.

The correspondent said that the inci-
dent happened at about 4.55pm when
the NANS president was rounding off
his opening address to an audience of
about 300 students. Loud shouts and
screams were heard from outside the
building which caused a wild
stampede. Scores of the fleeing
students ran into the hands of police-
men who had quietly cordoned off the
building. Armed with automatic
weapons, tear-gas and bludgeons, the
police had arrived on the campus in
three trucks and two jeeps.

About five hours before then, Mr
Arogundade had told NAN in an inter-
view that the Association would dis-
regard a widely publicised - police
warning that the holding of the confer-

ence was unlawful because NANS was”

not recognised by the Federal Govern-

22

ment. His contention was that the
police did not communicate their dis-
approval to the Association officially,
saying that they only heard of it
through the press.

An eye-witness said that during the
75-minute operation, the police hunted
down delegates in their hideouts by
questioning every passer-by and
conducting a thorough search of
vehicles on the campus. The police-
men, however, manhandled the NAN
correspondent and destroyed his wrist-
watch, while his driver claimed that he
was whipped inside a NAN vehicle with
a cane by some of the law enforcement
agents.

A correspondent adds:

Students in West Africa have in-
variably been the first on the coup
bandwagon and the first to jump off.

When soldiers seize power in any
West African country, most people
adopt a ‘wait and see attitude’ partly
because they want to be sure that the
coup has been successful and the new
leaders are firmly in power before they
venture lending their support.

Students, however, are not that
cautious and if anybody will go on to
the streets to demonstrate any support
for military takeovers they are the only
ones that will dare.

The Nigerian coup was no different

and the Nigerian students were the first

to welcome the return of the soldiers.
As is usual in these circumstances, the
-soldiers show their gratitude by their
early pronouncements. The wonder is

* that they are taken seriously since their

loyalty is so short-lived. . .
The period of honeymoon in this
case however has been shorter than



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[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
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last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-

cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.
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It took hundreds of years for a teak tree to mature and great care must be
exercised to ensure that immature trees were left alone to grow.

The mukwa tree was much more vulnerable to destruction, especially in com-
munal areas where the tradition required that fire be used to clear land for
crops.

Mr Judge said the capital outlay required to develop the gum plantation worked |
out at $600 per hectare or $55 or 1 000 seedlings.

To provide poles or domestic and other needs, district councils must ¢onsider
seriously budgeting for afforestation in their areas every year to halt the
tradition of indiscriminate felling of trees.

Time must come when the communal people must be told they cannot go on moving
from one piece of land to another, a system which destroyed an ever-increasing
volume of forests, he said.

“Gum trees grow very well in the Kalahari sand areas."

Mr Judge said 20 ha of gum trees were planted when the project started last
year and another 100 ha would be planted this season, continuing with the
programme until the 2000 ha were completed.

“We are examining the possibilities of obtaining a drought-resisting strain of
the gum tree for poor rainfall areas of Matabeleland South," he said.

There were varieties of the gum tree that grew in very harsh conditions and
the commission had people in Australia who were collecting seed of this strain
of the gum tree.

“We have planted some of them at Chesa Forest and trials are being carried
out at Matopos Research Station to see what results they get," Mr Judge said.

In Masvingo where the rainfall is better than in most areas of Matabeleland,
30 nurseries had been established to provide seedlings to the communal people.

"This is part of the Commisson's rural afforestation project."

Mr Judge said Zimbabwe's timber industry began at the turn of the century with
the exploitation of indigenous hardwood forests in western Matabeleland.

The last 20 years had seen a lot of over-exploitation of the resources which
had drastically reduced reserves for future use, he said.

Today, only the Commission at Sawmills and three co-operatives in neighbour-
ing communal areas were engaged in logging and processing the timber,

Logging in communal areas was by concession for which the district councils
issued a licence.

116



children,
EARNING

i. You Have LT TAX

pileleleled le or
5

ag

cso: 3400/194

65

and excise duty on petrol, tobacco,
alcohol and other luxury items.

Higher income earners, who pre-
sumably do not consume measur-
ably more petro} and luxury items
than Mr Average, in turn have to
cough up far more in direct taxa-
tion.

The accompanying table shows
just how much the average taxpay-
er must contribute to keep the
wheels of government turning,
which at last count employed one in
three economically active whites
and one in five gainfully employed
blacks.

From the table it is clear that the
lower the taxpayer’s gross monthly
income, the greater is the percent-
age of his overall contribution to
State revenue by way of indirect
taxes.

The taxpayer who earns R1 000 a
month pays only about R50 a month
in direct taxes, after allowing for
tax-deductible medical expenses
and pension contributions, and the
various rebates he is entitled to for
being married with two children.

But if the same ‘category earner

. saves five percent of his disposable

income (after paying 25 percent of
gross income for bond repayments),
and he consumes a litre of wine or
spirits a week, smokes 10 cigarettes
a day and uses a tankful of petrol a
week, he contributes at least an-
other R90 a month by way of GST
and customs and excise duties.

The higher-income bracket
earners pay proportionately less in
indirect taxation, but vastly more in
the progressive-scale income tax
system.

A sting in the tail is that even if
taxpayers do manage to save some
proportion of their income, they are
taxed on the interest of those sav-
ings (except for the first R100).

This, in the éase of the R1000-a-
month earner, is at the marginal
tax rate of 14 percent of every R1
earned.

In the case of the R3 000-a-month
earner it is 28 percent.



cso:

3400/195

minutes they are in my house,
early this morning, they want
to know why I look at them!”

The moving man looks at
me as if I could explain the
police intrusion. I Shake my
head and he continues: “I have
two children,” he says, “the
boy she is only seven-years-
old, the girl she is in Standard
5. They are not naughty chil-
dren, they are ordinary, per-
haps sometimes naughty.

“But this I can not under-
stand: my boy, she is only
seven, she comes home with
the sjambok mark across the
back. It is terrible this. I say
to him: ‘What are you doing
that you get punished?”

“He say to me: ‘Nothing. We
do nothing. The police they hit
us because we are standing
watching” I say to my son he
must not worry, but me, I am
worried. -

“My son he say to me: ‘Fa-
ther, I hate the police. I hate

76

them.’ What can I say to him.

“Perhaps it is better I send
him to school in Botswana,
otherwise there is no future.
But I do not understand the
Government.

“They are making it too
easy for us to be communist.
Why is that. It is too stupid.
The people are angry, so
angry. Not just the students,
all the people, even the ones
who come to work on the days
of the stayaway.

“Why the police must come
into my house today? All I do
is look out the window in the

‘ morning and then they are in

my house, me still in the bed
clothes.

“And my son she is hit with
the sjambok. Why?”

Why indeed. And this from
a man who came to work de-
spite calls to stay at home.
How much longer can black
patience last?



i . Neri ay

MOZAMBIQUE

RSA CRACKDOWN ON MNR REBELS EXPECTED ©.

Johannesburg ‘THE STAR in English 8 -Nov. 84 pv

[Article by David Thomas]

[Text] - The Mozambique Government is expecting Pretoria to begin a touch :
crackdown on the Mozambique National Resistance,’ according to the official ©”
newspapers and government sources in Maputo,

This follows‘Foreign Minister Pik Botha's strong reaction against the MNR's
decision last week to pullout of the Pretoria peace talks. Mr Botha's re~
buke was vigorously backed: by the Minister of. Defence, General- Magnus Malan‘
a move that Maputo interpreted as the unconditional: backing of the South :
African Defence Force.

Last week the South African Government ordered the MNR to cancel a@ scheduled
Press conference in Pretoria. The order showed a new firmness by Pretoria in
dealing with the MNR, A less known clause of the Nkomati. Accord forbids ‘the
signatories to let: any organisatior-or. individual use either country to spread’
Propaganda against the other; wth shot Ey Moist Thapar “eos

The: official Maputo. daily newspaper. Noticias saw Pretoria's reactions as the
start of an authentic campaign against the MNR bythe’ South African Govern-

ment and the Defence Force. Up to now the Mozambique Government has suspected .

elements of the SADF of continuing external support for the MNR, which has’
allowed the rebels to escalate their campaign of terror in‘all 10 provincés of
the country, - Peo dys faba, Anat xt Bk #

On paper the MNR by now should be feeling the pirich of South Africa's with-
drawal.of support. In ‘terms 6f : the Nkomati: Accord, strengthéned by a° further

agreement last month pledging more direct help’ from Pretoria‘in ending‘ the bush‘

war, the MNR-no longer should be receiving. aid from South’Africa: Nor should ©
the MNR be using South Africa as a‘ comminications ‘Link between’ the “external
MNR leadership and the’men inythe bush.:7 Tees Gash, x

These are specifically prohibited in the Nkomati'Accord.: ne

Malawi, the other neighbouring country from which the rebels operated, recently
signed a similar non-aggression-pact with :President Samora Machel.’ Yet MNR

12



(Soweto) where I come from, the resistance of the people is non-stop, even
without the participation of us activists,

"The most poverty-stricken man is the man who understands."

Mr Thusi: “What is two day's pay? The people don't even see it. It goes on
transport to get to work, on school fees and uniforms for their children in
inferior schools. They are used to having no money.”

Mr Mali: ‘We are aware that a longer stayaway will cause suffering. But
if that shortens our moment of sorrow and which we already experience then
it is accepted, as it has been a tradition of the liberation struggle all
over Africa.”

This country's history, I tell them, is littered with the lives and imprison~
ment of people who say what you are saying.

Mr Mali: "We are determined more than ever before that we will be free."

Not once during the interview did either man use the word "whites". The
enemy, they said when asked why, was "the state."

When he was last inside, Mr Thusi tried to persuade his interrogators that they
were oppressed.

"TI asked them if they owned any means of production, any land," he said. "I
asked them who were they defending. They were also members of the working
class. They owned nothing, I am also fighting to liberate them."

Future of Tactics
Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 11 Nov 84 p 11

[Text] THERE were a few jests doing the rounds this week that the two-day
work stayaway in the Transvaal inconvenienced white employers because they
had to make their own tea.

Economists say this is not far off the mark. They warned, however, that in
different circumstances the consequences could be more serious.

Not that the organisers of the stayaway intended it to make a substantial
impression on the country's economy. But as a show of strength it was
founded on the premise that the withdrawal of labour can be a powerful
political weapon because of the damge it can cause.

It was the first time in South Africa that trade unions and militant organisa-
tions have acted in such dramatic concert.

But, says Dr Johan van Zyl, director of the Federated. Chamber of Industries
(FCI), "in view of the recessionary circumstances in which it came it is

71



I£ somebody had committed an offence in his own country, he would. normally
be extradited. Not only that, Dikko did certain things in Britain. Tf you
were political refugee, and that is what he claims he is, there are certain
things you are not supposed to do. And that is what he did. He issued
statements before the cameras that he was planning to overthrow the Nigerian
Government. His status means he doesn't have to do that.

I remember the case of Ojukwu after the Nigerian civil war. He was given
asylum in the Invory Coast. And one of the things the Ivorian President
insisted on before giving him asylum is that he would not make any political
utterances and would have nothing to do with Nigerian politics. . He should
live peacefully. 4

But not Dikko. He made those statements. The British Government did not ask
him why he made those statements. They did not ask him to leave the country.
When some people tried to abduct him out of the country, they, of course, laid
the blame squarely on the Nigerian Government even without investigating it.
Even people who went to do consular work were declared.as people who were in-
volved with the abduction and they were expelled out of the country. Two of
our diplomats were expelled. And they were sent by the. High Commissioner.
following a report of this incident at Stansted Airport. They merely went
there to check and they were regarded as the people who went to arrange the
exportation of the crate. .

All these you don't expect from a friendly country. So the British author- .
ities created the problem and they had their own media of information to dis-
seminate his.

Q. Had the Nigerian Government sought the extradition of Dikko?
A. Of course!
Q. And it was turned down?

A. I don't think there has been any reply... Right now there is a mission in
Lagos, a British mission has gone to Lagos trying to find a way for what they
call normalising relations between Nigeria and Britain. Of course, since they
went to seek to normalise relations, they have now realised that it was their
own fault, So the man is in Lagos right now and we are listening to him.

Q. Are you setting any terms for the normalisation of relations?

A. They are searching for the normalisation of relations. They sent some-—
body to Lagos. We are discussing. They have come to discuss. We are dis-
cussing. They are the ones who made the move and they have to tell us what
they have in mind when they talk about normalising relations. We will listen
to them, Le

Q. Has Nigeria tried to find out who actually was behind the attempted ab-~
duction so as to be clear that its own people were not involved?

29



“SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

MATIMBA CONTRACT--SIMON-CARVES has won a second multi-million rand contract
for the new Matimba power station near Ellisras in the north-western Trans-
vaal. The contract, for the installation of an R11,5-million water-treatment
plant, is in addition to the R40-million contract for precipitators. The
process design and technology for the latest facility is provided by Portals
Water Treatment. Simon-Carves brief includes all civils, vessels, piping,
pumps, motors and primary installation and commissioning. [Text] [Johannes-
burg SUNDAY TIMES in English 4 Nov 84 p 11]

AID FOR ILLITERATE--ABOUT 8 000 000 people in South Africa--58% of the total
population over 18 years--are not fully literate, according to a Human Sciences
Research Council study. In a study on the use of radio and television in edu-
cation, the HSRC says 4 000 000 people in SA over the age of 19 had received
no formal education and that the education level of 3 800 000 was Standard 5
and lower, It was clear there was a pressing need for general literacy. An
HSRC work committee has found there were numerous learning needs that could

be satisfied by educational radio and television. The provision of education
in South Africa was hampered by many problems--large classes, a shortage of
teachers and insufficient trained teachers among some population groups. The
work committee found educational broadcasts covering a wide geographical area
could help promote renewal in education to enable adequately qualified teach-
ers to improve their qualifications and eliminate shortages of teachers in
specialist fields, Because of the increasing school population many teachers
would have to be trained or retrained within the next few years and the util-
isation of the mass media could play an important role in this. Through tele-
vision, too, many learners could be reached simultaneously. [Text] [Johannes-
burg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 10 Nov 84 p 5]

GEC TRACTION---has won a R59 m contract from Sats to supply 50 heavy freight

class 10e chopper locomotives. Delivery of the locomotives, which will have
68% local content, will begin at the end of 1986. {Text] [Johannesburg ©

RAND DAILY MATL in English 6 Nov 84 p 12] >

PALABORWA Mining--is to pack its cathode copper exports in Johannesburg. The

3 600 tons of cathode copper exported each month were previously containerised
in Durban, [Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 6 Nov 84 p 12]

100



cso:

3400/173

past. The general expectation, however,1s
that it is the responsibility of government
to provide education either ‘free’ or at
minimum direct cost to the individual.

How it can strike an acceptable balance
between the sharp fall in government
revenues occasioned by the current econo-
mic crisis and the expectations of Nigerians
is the task that faces Professor Fafunwa’s
panel. It is by no means an easy task;
possibly it is the most exacting of the
assignments that have been given to the
policy think tanks. If the panel succeeds in
helping government resolve the dilemma in
a politically acceptable yet economically
feasible manner, it would have, in so
doing, ensured that there will be a measure
of peace on the country’s university and
polytechnic campuses in the days ahead. If
it fails however, the mood within the
students’ movement indicates that in the
not-too-distant future, the country could
witness a re-run of the ‘Ali Must Go’ crisis
that the Obasanjo government had to cope
with in 1978.

Apart from indicating that the regime is
ready for business, the establishment of the
study groups has also been seen as
signifying its increased preparedness to
open up to advise from outside the armed
forces and the civil, service. As a top bank
executive put it to Concord Weekly: "At
least, We now know that the military do not
consider all civilians so bad that their views
must be banished even from the advisory
stage of policy formulation”.

If the commissioning of the policy
studies has generally been welcomed;
certain aspects of their operation have not.
escaped criticism. One of such criticisms is
that the period under which the think-
tanks must work is much too short to
enable them do a thorough job. This
criticism is not without some justification.
For instance, one of the policy panels
advertised in a national daily for memoran-
da on the 24th of September but said that
the deadline for acceptance of such
memoranda would be the 28th of the same
month. It is anybody’s guess how many
useful memoranda that panel will get
Also, the preparedness of government to
actually make use of the findings and
recommendations of the study groups in
policy forumulation has been questioned.
After. all, as Nigerians know too well,
governments in the country have commis-

*sioned studies, the report of which they

could not make public, let alone incorpo-
rate into policy.O

36



SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT'S FISCAL POLICY OPTIONS EXAMINED
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 4 Nov 84 p 13
[Article in "The Rex Column"; "Heads You Lose, Tails I Win"']

[Text]

IT is now two months
since the Governor of
the Reserve Bank, Ger-
hard de Kock, spelled
out what he thought
‘was necessary to cure
South Africa’s econom-
ic ills.

He prescribed a better bal-
ance between monetary and
fiscal policy to cause a lown-
turn. This, he hoped, would
correct the balance of pay-
ments deficit and reduce in-
flation.

‘That remains no more than
a plea and is likely to remain
one next year.

Simply put, monetary poli-
cy affec Fost st the
private sector thr mon-
ey-supply growth and the in-

rate it imposes. It has
only a limited effect on the
Government’s actions.

Small item

Directly, it affects the in-
terest rate the Government
must pay on new borrowing.
This is a small component of
overall Goverment outlays.

Indirectly, it influences
overall activity and income
in the economy, and thereby
the amount of tax revenue
vavailable from existing tax-
es.

But, on the whole, the Gov-
ernment is isolated from thé
effects of a stringent mone-
tary policy.

Politically, of course, as
the howls of anguish in recent
months have borne out, it is
another matter. But the next
general election is as much
as five years away, so the
political effect does not at
present add up to much more
than a fleabite (albeit an
itchy one).

‘Again simply put, fiscal
paliey determines the burden

posed by the Government
on the private sector by way
of taxes and borrowing for its

: spending priorities.

Willingness

Taxation, borrowing and
spending that the Govern-
ment should undertake are
interactive.

On the one hand, there is
the private sector’s willing-
ness and capacity to allow a
burden be levied on it for the
common good, On the other
hand, the Goverment may be
faced, as it sees it, by priori.
ties that must be met.

I think it is a fair comment
that these two sides are no
longer seeing eye to eye. The
Government’s spending mo-
mentum has been well docu-
mented, as has been the ex-
gruciating Squeeze on the
individu] and corporate ta

ers’ capacity te contri
tte to something that has in-
creasingly taken on the
appearance of the unreal.

61

Two ways

Into this bullring steps Dr
De Kock with his demand
that the Government,
through fiscal policy, should
contribute to correcting
major imbalances pretty
quickly if something more
unfortunate is not to befall

us.

‘Unhappily, the Govern-
ment can oblige Dr de Kock
in two ways. Overall demand
in the economy can be re-
duced by cutting spending —
and appeasing every taxpay-

er.

Alternatively, it can be
done by maintaining spend-
ing and increasing taxes and
borrowing — passing on to
the private sector the contri-
bution to adjustment that
should be made by the public
sector.

Gap closed

‘This second option, of in-
creasing taxes and borrow-
ing instead of reducing
spending, may rightly be-
come known as De Kock and
Botha’s double whammy —
monetary policy strikes
through high interest rates,
and fiscal policy hits taxpay-
ers and crowds out private
borrowers.

The new Minister of
Finance has justified this
year’s 9% real increase in

- Government spending by

saying that it will not be the
12% real increase that was



Nigeria, on the balance, it was more
important to keep her oil producing
and exporting country friends happy
by keeping a posture of public hostility
towards Israel than to be friendly with
the Zionist state.

Luckily for all concerned, Israel
much as she would want to claim the
top prize of announcing Nigeria as part
of her diplomatic breakthrough in
Africa, was quite willing to remain in
the background and bid her time. And
it was not exactly an uncomfortable
time in the shadows either for Israel as
business in Nigeria was booming and
they could put their famed business
skills to work.

And then the coup of December 31,
1983, and Israel knew that things could
no longer be left to go on a planned
course. . .

The coup meant that with all polit-
ical activity having been banned, there
was no longer any legal organization
that could be lobbied.

Something spectacular was needed
to bolster Israeli efforts. It was not
difficult to evaluate the new military
regime and conclude that since the
soldiers appeared to have no clue to the
nation’s problems, and _ this had
become obvious to the public within
weeks of the takeover, retributive
measures on the former leaders could
at least be guaranteed to keep public
hysteria going for a while.

Had the Dikko kidnap succeeded, of
course, there would have been no word
of Israeli involvement even if suspic-
ions would have been high and their
trademark would have been only too
visible.

Of all the various theories that have
been advanced for the Israeli role in the
Dikko kidnap, none sounds as plaus-
ible as the holding out of a promise by
Nigeria of the re-establishment of
diplomatic relations with Israel should
the kidnap succeed. As the impending
trial will doubtless reveal, the money
motive was always the secondary
consideration.

But then the kidnap did not go
according to plan and it is being said
among knowledgeable circles that the
Israclis feel it was not their fault that
things did not work.

_In other words, if they had been
given a free hand to do things their
own way, and if all the back up
measures they had requested had been

32

provided, the kidnap would have had a
different ending.

Things being as they were, however,
strenuous denials of government
involvement necessarily had to be
issued and damage limitation proced-
ures set in motion,

It was while these were going on that
the visit of the two Nigerian traditional
tulers to Israel hit the headlines.

I is being suggested here that like
the Dikko case, the Federal Military
Government has protested too loudly
and reacted far out of proportion to
what is required of the innocent or
aggrieved party it claims to be, and asa
consequence, gives the impression that
it has something to hide.

The break in diplomatic relations
between Nigeria and Israel has never
interfered with Nigerians paying a
pilgimage to Jerusalem, the christian
section that is, while the moslems regu-
larly made their pilgrimage to Mecca.

Such pilgrimages to Jerusalem have
been widely advertised in the Nigerian
press and no suggestion has ever been
made that there was anything improper
about such visits.

The Ooni of Ife on his return to
Nigeria made a statement that has not
been contradicted in any substance.-
The traditional ruler has said that he
paid a private visit to Israel for
religious purposes and claimed as
much for the Emir of Kano.

The FMG’s reaction has been to ann-
ounce the suspension of the two rulers
from their duties, the seizure of their
Passports and their confinement to
their hometowns. Drastic measures
those, and hardly called for unless the
suggestion is that both the Emir of
Kano and Ooni of Ife are not telling
the truth and were up to some sinister
things in Israel which have not been
disclosed, rather than a harmless
prayer journey. In which case the onus
surely is on the FMG to show that the
two leaders were in Israel for purposes
other than private or religious ones.

The Ooni of Ife has stated
categorically that the two state
governors — Oyo and Kano — were
well aware of the visits. An assertion
that is quite contrary to the claims of
Foreign Minister Gambari.

Why then should the two rulers be
punished drastically when they have
not been shown to have committed any
crimes.



1400

7300
- 4200}———-_ PRIME MINISTER (x100)
WHITES
1100/———_ COLOUREDS -- ~~ ~+~-~------~
4000 ASIANS

BLACKS eee eee ee en ee

900}———_ AVERAGE SALARIES smmmmesmmecsmemsemn

100F

prvrrsnstie -
es —_==

Sas

: + +—t +—1—}—} 4
70 °71 '72 °73 ‘74°75 '76 '77 °78 '79 BO 'B1 '82 83 '84
UP, UP AND AWAY: The Prime Minister earns 100 times more than the average South African, black

or white, as our graphic shows. To fit his salary on the graph we have divided it by 100; other
salaries are in rands per month.

And This Is How Much We Pay

SOUTH Africa’s average taxpayer,
who already carries the’ major por-
tion of the country’s total personal
income tax burden, may be shocked
to learn that his total contribution
to the voracious State coffers is far
more than double what is reflected
on his monthly pay slip.

According to the profile of the av-
erage white taxpayer married with
two children, his income is between
R1 000 and R2 000 a month.

But despite generous rebates on
his direct taxation, he may pay sub-
stantially more in indirect taxation,
by way of general sales tax (GST)

64



UNREST HITS RECRULIMENT-~CAPETOWN.-~-The wave of unrest is hindering the re-
cruitment of skilled workers from Britain, West Germany and the US, says a
businessman. Mr Alex Anderson, .. managing director of Mill & Industrial Ser-
vices, criticised the Government for allowing the situation to deteriorate,

In many cases the harm done is irreparable, he says. His company had been
negotiating with several spécialised engineers and metallurgists whose skills,
he says, would have béen‘a boon to industry. Negotiations over many months
had come to nothing. "The unsettled political situation in SA led to an im-
mediate cooling off of negotiations when people had second thoughts about
moving to a country that. was getting such adverse publicity in the overseas
media. "We in commerce and industry are forced to cope with not only an ail-
ing economy, but an extremely sensitive political climate thrust upon us by
sometimes unfortunate decisions made and carried out by Government departments."
Mr Anderson knew of several other companies that had been negotiating contracts
with overseas personnel and run into the same problem. A Cape clothing exporter
Serdel Investment, is reported to have lost a lucrative foreign contract ap-
parently because of a "growing climate of mistrust of South Africa" in the
wake of the Government's decision not. to send back four South Africans to
stand trial in England on arms dealing charges. The executive director of the
Federated Chamber of Industries, Dr J van Zyl, says the FCI has not received
reports from companies whose recruitment of foreign staff has been hurt by the
political climate. [Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 8 Nov 84

p 7]

IDENTITY BOOKS~~STARTING next year, the same identity book will be issued to
South’ Africans of all races. This means also that the Department of Home Af-
fairs will become solely responsible for the registration of births, marriages
and deaths for all race groups. The new system flows from the investigation
which a special Cabinet committee is doing into the political future of black
citizens. With this falls another visible sign of "difference" and resultant
feelings of inferiority between races and citizens. As far as the population
register is concerned, from now on no distinctions will be made between South
Africans | on the basis. of race and colour. This should remove a considerable
amount ‘of suspicion and friction, as the "dompas” was the prime symbol of dis-
crimination for blacks. Whether the new identity book will be generally ac-
ceptable will depend on how it is used. While whites only need their books
on special occasions, it has always been a criminal offence for blacks not to
carry it with then, because it has been used as a control measure over black
urbanisation, “ For blacks a "pass" in a new form will make little difference
to their quality of life. Therefore one hopes that the new document will be
followed swiftly by a well thought out urbanisation policy which removes the
bitterness from black city living. [Text] [Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in
English 11 Nov 84 p 20]

DE HOOP TESTING--THE long-awaited establishment of an environmental committee
to monitor activities at Armscor's missile-testing range in the De Hoop area
has been appointed by the Minister of Environment Affairs, Mr John Wiley. The
committee will not be a watchdog committee made up of independent ecologists
as originally called for. by conservationists, but a revue committee of the
government-appointed Council for the Environment. A spokesman for the Depart-
ment of Environment Affairs said yesterday that the committee would report on

101



NNPC was then left with a stockpile of asphalt. The only alternative left
the company was to stop the production of lubes altogether. Waxes and
Sulphur are other relevant by-products from lube which would also be af-
fected by the stoppage. A source at NNPC pointed out that NNPC is inten-
sifying efforts to sell its asphalt abroad and might even cut down the

prices to attract buyers, However, the lube plant closure is likely to have
a harmful long term effect on the availability of engine oil. Until re-
cently, the product had been scarce and outrageously expensive. [Phil Osagie]
[Text] [Kaduna THE DEMOCRAT WEEKLY in English 21 Oct 84 p 1]

BANK JOBS ENDANGERED--TENSION is mounting at the secretariat of the National
Union of Banks, Insurance and Financial Institutions Employees over retrench-
ment news. Top union officials were seen up and down holding hush hush meet-
ings with a view to "forestalling" the impending retrenchment threat hanging
over their members. Contacted over the general unease pervading the atmo-
sphere at the secretariat the president of the union, Mr Ibrahim Halilu, said
that the bank employees have been reliably informed that approval from the
government to go ahead with the retrenchment exercise has reached several
banks. He said all the meetings going on were in preparation for a Press con-
ference scheduled for Friday. Asked to comment on what the reaction of the
union was going to be in the event of the banks carrying out the directive
from the government, he said he would not want to pre-empt the central work~
ing committee but added "for sure the CWC would hot like it". The union
would not take kindly to the retrenchment. "It isan open fact that companies
in the industry (banking and financial houses) every year declare enormous
profits that make them not only buoyant but also more than able to carry

their existing work force. It is also an open fact that these companies
control fantastic reserves that have accumulated over the years; and which
they do not have the need to touch. Retrenchment, he said was “unwarranted and
has led to wide-spread witch-hunting and generated strong feelings of insecur-
ity among workers, dampened their morale, instilled in them fears and has
badly battered their confidence in an industry where job security, confidence,
strong morale and peace are indispensable for desired result". He said that
speculations were that about 10,000 may have to go but that definitely about
2,000 are going to lose their jobs in African Continental Bank alone, Mr.
Halilu said to avoid an unpleasant situation, his personal advice to the
Government was to call off the exercise. [Abu Isa] [Text] [Lagos SUNDAY TIMES
in English 21 Oct 84 p 24]

TRADE WITH INDIA--THE president of the Nigeria-American Chamber of Commerce,
Chier Dotun Okubanjo, has attributed the low volume of trade between Nigeria
and India to inadequate flow of information between the two countries. Chief
Okubanjo's observation is contained in the current edition of the "business
India" a fortnightly magazine published in Bombay the new Delhi correspondent
of the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reported. He said that to avoid a one-way
flow of information, "discussions, especially at the bilateral level" were
necessary to help identify and promote viable experts from Nigerian to India.
Chief Okubanjo expressed the view that India could help Nigeria in the estab-
lishment and running of agro-based and infrastructural industries, which, he
said, should take priority position in the development of the Nigerian economy.
The choice is not that of concentrating on essentials rather than luxuries,
but of choosing which essentials are more urgent", he said. Chief Olubano

was in India to attend the just-concluded Indo Agrican seminar on trade,
economic and technical co-operation. [Text] [Enugu DAILY STAR in English

9 Oct 84 p 10]

CSO: 3400/175 42



AGGRAVATED JOB CRISIS SITUATION DESCRIBED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 11 Nov 84 pp 1, 3

[Article by Angus Macmillan]

[Text]

ABOUT 300 000 school-leavers, graduates and returning
national servicemen will battle to find Jobs next year.

The Government has fro-
zen many job vacancies and
big private employers are re-
dudng their intake of green
workers.

About 570000 South Afri-
cans are registered as unem-

loved. According to the SA
Ea jour and Development
Research Unit at the Uni-
versity of Cape Town, the
true unemployment figure is
close to 2-million.

New work-seekers will add
to the job queues.

Hardest

‘The less skilled will battle
hardest to find work and onl,
highly qualified professional
are assured of employment.

Unemployment is most
acute in the economically
devastated Eastern Cape, but
jobs will also be hard to find
‘at most coastal cities. Even

on the relatively high-
Reef, jobs will be diftfeult to
More than 139 000 matricu-
lation pupils are writing
their final examinations.
Breathing down their necks
are 195 991 pupils in standard
nine and 293 456 in standard

eight. Many of them will en-
ter the job market next year.

cso: 3400/194

There are 33 000 more pupils
in these standards this year
than last year.

The number of black pupils
in standard eight, nine and 10
is a serious problem. A large
proportion of more than

009 black matrics, 86 274
standard nines and 163 000
standard eight pupils are on
the verge of looking for work.

On ice
The Commission for
Administration, the Goyern-
ment’s personnel depart-
ment, says many vacancies
have been put on ice. Its sev-
en regional offices have few

‘openings.
According to the commis-
sion’s assistant director of
ersonnel management,
tenne van Rensburg, there
are some administrative jobs
for matriculants on the Reef.
At the coast, there is nothing.
Few jobs are available for
most graduates. Many BA,
BComm and BSc graduates
will may have to settle for
jobs beneath their skills.
Starting salary for a
BComm in the public service
is R13500, for a BSc about
R16 000 and for a BA about
R10 700.

‘Mr van Rensburg says: “A
Jot of matrics and students
have applied for jobs and we
have Plenty of applications In
the pipeline. y of them
then walt to see their re-
sults,” '

Technikons

About 30 000 of 180 000 stu-
dents enrolled at universities
will look for work next year.

National service will take
Many of the 60000 white
male matriculants and

‘aduates, but the Defence

‘orce will release almost as
many national servicemen
on completion of their
two-year terms.

There are also more than
50 000 students at technikons
this year, about a third of
them in their final year.

Barclays, a _ large
employer of matriculants
an graduates, will turn
down thousands of applicants
for 1985. _

June Wands, of the bank’s
personnel selection centre,
says: “In normal times we
have a flood of matriculants
in December and January.
‘This year, applications have
poured in'since July.”

Barclays executive devel-

SOUTH AFRICA

opment’ programme for
praduates Peed ived 900 appli-
cations this year, but only 15,
or 3%, were taken on.

Computers
Construction giant Murray
& Roberts will reduce its gra-
duate and matriculant intake
by about 16%, .
Computer science gradu-
ates, engineers and accoun-

tants are among the few
luates who will not battle
find work.

A CA commands

R30 lus a car, computer
raduates start around
000 and engineers at

force was down
the first three months of the
year and the ion



I can also mention that on 28 September,’ the enemy attacked the village of
Katulumba, northeast of Saurimo, in which our troops who were smaller in
number also succeeded in repelling the attack, killing 20 of the enemy,
confirmed on the ‘ground. ane .

All of these, wé can consider positive factors and maintaining the
Malanje-Saurimo-Moxico road reflects well the fact that our troops are
fulfilling the missions that are entrusted to them. The participation of
the people in réporting and locating the enemy forces and their willingness
to defend themselves has also contributed greatly to raising the morale of

our troops.
UNITA Is Going To Try To Use Neighboring Territories

[Question] In view of the geographic location of North Lunda and South
Lunda provinces, which comprise the 10th Military Region, I would like to
know if in addition to the support which UNITA receives from South Africa,’
there are other countries that are helping it?

[Answer] UNITA ‘is seeking to use other territories to install its bases.
This possibility must be admitted because without a secure rearguard its
complete defeat will be more rapid. We are informed of the effort ‘that
imperialism is making to unify the counterrevolutionary groups; the
Front for the Liberation of the Cabinda Enclave (FLEC), COMBIRA [Military
Committee of the Resistance in Angola] and UNITA.

To underscore my position, I would like to remind you. of UNITA's "forcing"
against the town of Luau, former Teixeira de Sousa, where it concentrated
its best strike units.’ Well, Luau could be an indication...

[Question] One last question, commander: How are the old facilities of the
Saurimo Air Base béing utilized?

[Answer] The old installations of the air base were transformed into a
soldiers' training center for the regular and specialist troops. In this
phase, it has contributed very much to the training of new units and is
regarded as one of ‘the best soldiers’ training centers, thanks to its
excellent facilities. ;

8711
CSO: 3442/48



SOUTH AFRICA

Nel Gives Views on Freedom, Cooperation ‘
(Louis Nel Interview; DIE WELT, 31 Oct 84).....sseseeeeeeee

Columnist Scores Use of Troops
(Percy Qoboza; CITY PRESS, 28 Oct B4) ec cescceecsecesaseeees

CP. Aide in’ USSR Journal: . Political Situation, Party Activities
(Moses Mabhida; PARTLYNAYA ZHIZN', No 17, Sep 84).....+.+++

Importance of Primrose By~Election Noted
(RAND DAILY MAIL, 9 Nov 84)...ccscsesccceeeceeesecncesceeee

"Political Tinderbox', by Chris Freimond
Editorial on By-Election :

Black Talks With Government Hit Tricky Stage
(Brian Pottinger; SUNDAY TIMES, 11 Nov 84)......+s-seeeeese

Government's Fiscal Policy Options Examined
(SUNDAY TIMES, 4 Nov 84) ..ccsceeececce cece ee eee eescneewece

Top Officials' Salaries Examined
(David Breier; THE SUNDAY STAR, 11 Nov BA) epeceececceccuee

PFP Silence Over Vaal Raids Scored
(Allister Sparks; THE STAR, 7 Nov es

Work Stayaway Organizer Interviewed Before Arrest
(SUNDAY EXPRESS, 11 Nov 84) ..ccseeceeecceseeeestenensceenes

"I Am a Revolutionary’, Thami Mali, Interview
_ Future of Tactics :

Success of Work Boycott Reported
(THE STAR REVIEW, 10, 11 Nov BAY ccc cece n eee e eee e scence eeeee

Ninety-five Percent Effective, by David Braun
Repression of Blacks, by Sullivan .

Bloom: Business Not Guiltless
(Paul Bell; RAND DAELY ‘MAIL, 8 Nov BA) vcapecceecseereeeeens

White Foremen Obstruct Advancement of Blacks
(Angus Macmillan; SUNDAY TIMES, 11 Nov BA) cececccccecceeees

Cost-Effectiveness of Black Coalminers Noted
(Roy Bennetts; SUNDAY TIMES, 11 Nov 84).....+0+--eeeeeeeeee

43
46
49

56

59
61
63
66

68

74

77

78

79



"Even when a damage is caused by deliberate or common negligence by NEPA of-
ficials, they are further protected by the Public Officers Protection Ordi-

nance",

Mr Atoki opined that because of such adequate protection by the law, there has
been a general apathy in NEPA and other public utilities towards carrying out
their statutory duties.

"notwithstanding, the statutory provisions, NEPA can be sued in contract and
on the grounds of criminal negligence",

However another Kaduna based legal practitioner, Mr Ayodeji Ani countered
that it would be premature at this stage to lift the protection in view of
the constraints under which they operate.

C80: 3400/175

39



Something else is going on out there. If it wasn't, Messrs Mali and Thusi
wouldn't be inside here.

But since they are, I ask what it is they want. Is it one-man-one-vote in a
unitary South Africa?

Yes, but that's not enough, It must be a "workers’ state", based on the
principles of the Freedom Charter, which they call “a set of minimum demands".

The Freedom Charter is a document that in 1955 was drawn up and signed by an
alliance of organisations under the ‘congress’ banner, including the African
National Congress before it was banned.

It's all about how "the people shall govern" and how the land "shall belong
to all those who work it',

So you want a socialist South Africa?

"Exactly."

What had they hoped to achieve with the two-day stayaway?

Mr Mali: "We wanted to bring the government to its senses. We as oppressed
and struggling masses have power and we can use it the way we like. And we
wanted to prove to the government that what it thinks is the will of the
people is not true." . ‘

He speaks not of dims or intentions, He speaks of demands.

These demands were sent in telegrams before the stayaway to Mr le Grange and

the Minister of Co-operation and Development and of Education and Training,
Dr Gerrit Viljoen.

They included the astonishing call to scrap GST and "unfair taxation”. One
is prepared to concede that this government might one day somehow find its
way clear to meet one of the other demands, to release all political prisoners
for instance, but scrap taxes? :

There is no compromise, said Mr Mali.

“We can determine the future of this country's economy, And the economy of a
country is its backbone, no matter how powerful it might be politically,

“It depends on the working class which comes predominantly from the African
areas in which the stayaway was called." a

Can a stayaway be sustained?
Suffer
Mr Mali again: "Our people have learned to suffer and to sacrifice. Look

at the poverty of our people. Even from the poorest areas, such as White City

70



COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF BLACK COALMINERS NOTED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 11 Nov 84 p 6

[Article by Roy Bennetts]

[Text]

THE South African
black coal-miner is
worth his weight in
gold compared with his
counterparts in. Brit-
ain, America and Ger-
many.

In spite of his limited edu-
eation and poor productivity,
‘the black miner is good value
to his employers.

His wage and other bene-
fits cost R3,90 a ton of coal

3,93 in the US.

The British coalface miner
earns about Rl 665 for
ducing 394 tons of coal a
month. The German miner
earns R1 696 for 384 tons a
month and the American
Ri 443 for 367 tons.

Weak rand

The black worker on a
South African mine may pro-
duce only 120 tons of coal a
month, but his low cost factor
of R369 a month in wages,
plus free bed and board, esti-
mated at R100 a month,
makes him best value for

money.

‘The weak rand has been a
major factor in making the
black miner so cost-effective.
Had the rand still been worth
$1,385, the American miner

CSO: 3400/194

would have made ‘the SA ~

black look expensive.

But what makes the SA
black miner an irresistible
proposition is that he can be
em large num!
and this saves: enormous
amounts of capital invest-
ment.

Training bill

Mine managers claim that
switching to more capital i

increase capital costs by 30%
and add millions of rands to

the training bill.
Some mining experts say

SA underground mining
are 20 years behint

* the rest of the world.

South African mining
houses have long preferred to
employ people instead of ma-
chines — as long as they re-
main cost effective.

Germany mines its coal at
twice the cept rs South Afri-
can deposi produces
‘soft lignite coal. South Afri-
can mines tend to be no deep-
er than 500m, but most pro.
duce hard, low-sulphur
anthracite. &

Compounds -
Much has changed since

Sir Percy Fitzatrick wrote
letters to The Times in Lon-

79

SOUTH AFRICA

pound system of South Alrh.
pound system i-
mines.

can ;

The contracted black
worker still lives in a com-
pound, but his food and cloth-

ing are free. Most major

mines provide free televi-
sion, and in some instances
video.

‘The black workers’ hostels
cn most mines have four beds
to a room for the ordinary
worker, and single bedrooms
for senior black miners. Each

has a lounge and laun-
Sry area, with a washing ma-
chine provided.

Marriage

After deductions by the
Chamber of Mines Emy ly.
ment Bureau to de for
his family in the ,
most of a black miner’s
wages are disposable. This
could give him more discre-
tionary income than his Brit-
ish counterpart.

‘The major disadvantage

black miners face is a legal

ters Themnineroeypoted
rs. The miner is

lead a celibate ie tor t the
duration of his contract,
which does not induce him to
return to the mine too quick-

This delay in returning
means retraining which costs
the mining houses several
millions of rands a year.



065114
JPRS-SSA-84-128

11 December 1984

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

DTIC QUALITY INSPECTED &

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he 7



ZAMBIA

LINTCO STARTS BIG COFFEE EXPORT DRIVE
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 5 Nov 84 p 1

[Text] . THE Lint Company of Zambia has drawn up an ambitious programme to
bolster the production of high quality exportable coffee which would earn
Zambia foreign exchange.

Lintco coffee development and marketing division manager Mr Fek Kabwe said in
Lusaka yesterday through the attractive incentives which had been introduced,
it was estimated that the present 1,039 small holder farmers would increase
to 4,395 by 1988.

Coffee production is expected to increase to 2,000 tonnes from the present 30
tonnes by 1988.

He said it was the company's aim to increase coffee production because it
was now fetching high prices on the international market.

The division would encourage rural people to grow coffee to get them into the
cash economy and provide technical staff for extension services.

The division would give coffee farmers credit facilities in form of inputs as
per loan policy of Lintco.

According to research carried out by the division, Zambia was capable of
satisfying the local demand for coffee.

To streamline the production of the crop, coffee growers would be registered.

Under this rule no person would plant or maintain a plantation without follow-
ing Lintco's conditions.

The division would ensure that all coffee nurseries were registered with Lintco
to regulate the amount of planting and use of the right varieties as recommend-
ed by experts.

Those wishing to sell their seedlings would be required to get permission from
Lintco.

105



NAMIBIA

NIGER

MPC's Ultimatum for SWAPO Discussed
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 1 Noy 84)....

Government Cutbacks Due to Economic Conditions
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 24 Oct 84)......

RSA Defense Act Amendments To Increase Conscription in Namibia
(HE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 23 Oct 84)......

Proof of Identity To Be Required of all Inhabitants
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 19 Oct 84)...

AFP on Niger Food Deficit, Relief Programs
(AFP, 12 Nov 84) ecereeeeeeeeeeneeenceceeneeeeeeee wane eens

NIGERIA

Student Unrest Erupts at Universities
(TALKING DRUMS, No 49, 10 Sep 84)....s.ceceeceeneeeccsceenee

Ambassador to Kenya Gives View of Economy
(Mohmoud Yahya Interview; SUNDAY NATION, 23 Sep 84).........

Kidnapping, Relations With Israel Explored
(Elizabeth Ohene; TALKING DRUMS, No 1, 17 Sep 84).........-5

Think Tanks Reportedly Set Up To Restructure Economy
(Sonni Anyang; CONCORD WEEKLY, 5-12 Oct 84) ..isssseaeeeceaee

Security at Kano Airport Reportedly ‘Tighter’ Now
(Alache M. Ode; SUNDAY TRIUMPH, 7 Oct 84)..0200 isc. cece eee

Electricity Fluctuation Causes Damage in Kaduna
(Phil Osagie; THE ‘DEMOCRAT WEEKLY, 7 Oct'84)..

Briefs .
Religious Fanatics Said Gaining
Newsprint Shor tage

Rush for Import Licenses
Newsprint Shortage Called Danger
Lubricant Shortage Expected
Bank Jobs Endangered

Trade With India

16

18

19

20

21

22

24

31

34

37

38

40
40
40
41
41
42
42


Lintco and Zambia Coffee Company would recommend to the Ministry of Agri--
culture and Water Development grades and producer prices and the methods of
payment to farmers.

“Extension services will be the responsibility of Lintco and this is aimed
at maximising high quality coffee production using the present approach to
coffee production," said Mr Kabwe.

He was confident that Zambia would be able to meet the export quotas as set

out by the International Coffee Organisation to which the country had just
been admitted.

cso: 3400/191

106



It is nothing when you compared with a country like Saudi Arabia which has a
population of about a quarter of our own, and they have been given a quota
of 5 million barrels.

The quota system is not fair. But all the same, we have to manage through
that. We are trying to save as much as possible. Our reserves are building
up. We are negotiating with companies which we owe some money to reschedule
these debts to be payable over a period of three years or so.

We are still negotiating with IMF, although the talks are not all that fruit-
ful at the moment because the fund is insisting on certain conditions which
are unacceptable to us.

So we have resorted to going back home using our own resources. This year we
are going to have a bumper harvest in Nigeria so that we can reduce food im-
ports. We are trying to get substitutes for raw materials which we have
bought abroad, We are trying to get them locally. All these things are part
of our efforts to recover the economy.

Q. There have been cases of striking pilots and doctors and students being
arrested for being critical of the government. Is that an indication that the
honeymoon for military government is over?

A. No, you have got it all wrong. Criticising is not the word. Nobody is
arrested for criticising the government. If you read our newspapers, everyday
you see people expressing their views even though it is a military government.

The things is we have laws in the country and the people have to obey these
laws. In the case of students, these were students who were arrested in Zaria
recently, It had something to do with a demo, an illegal gathering without a
permit from the police. It had nothing to do with the government.

Q. How about the case of doctors and pilots?

A. The doctors are on strike because there is a shortage of drugs in hospitals,
because of the economic measures that have been imposed. There has been a
restriction in the award of import licences. And in fact, before they even
started the strike they had already been given import licences and they were
told that the things were already coming. But they would not wait.

They wanted to sort of to flex their muscles to show they are powerful,
especially some of radicals amongst them. To demonstrate because supplies
were not adequate is showing total indifference to what is happening in the
country because all people are affected.

The fact is that Nigeria is looking for money. We are short of money. We have
big debts, and everything has to be rationed as it were. And the doctors and
everybody else has to do with what is available.

Q. Wow much can you say the war against indiscipline launched last March
has achieved?

27



MARAIS REPORT 'SPELLS DOOM FOR THE BUSHMEN'

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 6 Nov 84 p 5 ZX

[Article by Tony Weaver]

[Text] WINDHOEK. — A top anthro-

polo ist has sent the Administra-
eneral of South West Africa,
Dr Willie van Niekerk, a bomb-
shell response to the official re-
port on the Bushman people.
Mr John Marshall said the re-
rt, commissioned by the Central
Bovernment of SWA, justified the
complete dispossession of the

Bushman Peop le.

Mr Marshall, who has lived with
the Ju/wa Bushman people on and
off for 30 years, is reco as the
world expert on their culture.

The official report was commis-
sioned by Dr Van Niekerk’s office,
and was drawn up by a firm of
Landscape Architects from South
Africa, Francois Marais and Asso-
ciates.

The Marais Report recommends
and approves of plans to set up a
nature reserve in eastern Bush-
maniand.

But, says Mr Marshall, should
the recommendations of the report
be put into practice, the Ju/wa and
other Bushman people would be
stripped of their last access to land,
would be doomed to spend their
lives as farm labourers, and will
rapidly die out because of grinding
poverty.

‘Mr Marshall also accused the au-
thors of the official report of dis-
torting the facts about the Ju/wa

people.
“Phe authors fabricate an ab-

straction called the ‘the hunting
and gathering culture’ that never

cso: 3400/194

86

existed,” he said, “and they ascribe
its attributes to all Bushman peo-
ple”.

The distortions in the report, Mr
Marshall says, are used to justify
the ends of the report — namely the
recommendation that the Ju/wa
pe le be stripped of their land and

d as farm labourers.

“Even if the description of
Ju/wa culture in the report was
accurate, it would be a serious dis-
tortion to extrapolate the social
rules and values of 1000 people

who hunted and gathered for a liv--

ing 25 years ago, (and extend this)
to29 le classified as ‘Bush-
men’ who have not hunted and
gathered for three to four genera-
ions,

“The authors of the report ignore
the process of acculturation and
assimilation Bushman people have

experienced in Owambo, Kavango -

and throughout Botswana — in
some places for at least 1 400 years
— and simply forget the entire his-

of extermination, disposession
and expropriation that has reduced
Bushman. le to landless pover-
ty and, until recently, virtual slav-
ery in most of SWA in this century.”

Mr Marshall says that the “most
destguctive as| of the fabrica-
ted ‘culture’ which the Marais Re-
port ‘invents’ is “its denial that

ushmen peoples have devel
subsistence farming to augment or
replace hunting and gathering”.

Mr Marshall has recommended
that the Ju/wa people be allowed
to keep their land and further de-
velop their mixed economy.

SOUTH AFRICA



Another big factor to take into account was the new project in Colombia, which
was expected to put two to three million tons of good quality coal on to the
market next year, he said,

"By 1986, the Colombia mine's port facilities will be complete and it should
be running at least 10 million tons a year--a significant slice of the 90 to
100 million tons a year total seaborne steamcoal market.

“However, the US is likely to lose more to Colombia than South Africa due to
the comparatively high US prices," he said.

Among the other issues worth considering, Mr Weiss listed the Foles, the
Australians and the UK.

"Developments on the ‘Polish front are unpredictable. They have placed a
record quantity of coal on the international market this year but there are
no indications that this is likely to increase further.

“Pricing in the Polish context is difficult to determine, since the Poles ap-
pear to be more interested in receiving foreign currency than in the profit
aspect.

“They will pitch their prices whereever they have to, although I doubt if
they'ss repeat their mistake of 1983, when they over—reacted and cut prices
far more than was necessary," said Mr Weiss.

He said Australia would be able to compete in the European market only as long
as freight rates remained depressed.

“Even with depressed freight rates, the Australians are at a two to three-
dollar freight disadvantage compared with South Africa. If the freigh market
picked up this could increase to six or seven dollars."

Mr Weiss said that Australia exported an estimated 50 percent of its coal
production to Japan and a further 10 percent to other European countries.

"I sense that the Australians are concerned about this state of affairs and
are trying to break into the European market.

“They have had some success this year, largely because European consumers re-
fused to pay US prices and everybody else was sold out," he said.

cS0: 3400/194

81



MALI

BAMAKO EXAMINES OAU PROBLEMS, ISSUES ON AGENDA
AB101445 Bamako Domestic Service in French 1500 GMT 9 Nov 84
[Station commentary by Baba Daga]

[Text] Will the 20th summit be held or won't it be held? This year, just
like last year, optimistic and pessimistic observers have been listing rea-
sons for the holding or non-holding of the 20th OAU summit. Even though the
major question~-namely the question of the venue, Ethiopia in this case--has
been settled, there are other questions over which there are differences.

First of all, Chad: Whether one is for or against Hissein Habre, it is
hard to ban his delegation from the OAU summit. Even ‘though some pockets of
resistance are fighting this regime, Habre's government is leading the
country, Its headquarters is Ndjamena, the capital, where many diplomatic
missions have been accredited. It is also admitted at the United Nations,
in the Nonaligned Movement, and in many specialized organizations. It will,
however, be noted that the withdrawal of French and Libyan troops under an
agreement signed by Paris and Tripoli on 16 September has not brought back
peace between the fighting Chadian brothers, even though this was a new de-
velopment in the situation. Three weeks ago, the Brazzaville roundtable
talks on national reconciliation failed in the Congolese capital. One can,
however, believe that the legitimacy of the Ndjamena regime will not be
questioned. Habre's government already took part in the OAU summit in 1983
in Addis Ababa.

But the Western Sahara brain-racking problem remains, The referendum
scheduled to have been held next year did not take place, Morocco having re-
jected direct negotiations with the Polisario Front as stipulated by the
resolutions adopted by all African countries. It will be recalled that the
admission of the SDAR as OAU's 5lst member was disputed by about 20 countries.
This sparked an unprecedented crisis in the history of the continental organ-
ization, It is expected that the SDAR, which abstained temporarily and freely
from the 1983 summit to allow the summit to be held, will claim its seat in
the OAU this year. The Moroccan king has already announced that in this case,
his country will pull out from the OAU. But will others follow suit? That
is the first question.

Anyhow, efforts are underway to design a new compromise based on the commit-
ment to hold the referendum within a fixed deadline--3 months for instance.



They are protesting against the racist educational and taxation system, dis-
crimination against women, forced resettlement in Bantustans, and unfair
wages and communal services.

All of this reflects the growing scope and level of the organization of the
struggle against apartheid and the increasing unity of action between the
different detachments of the protesting forces. The vanguard role of the
African National Congress (ANC), which is the leading mass liberation movement
in the country and which is strengthening its resistence to the regime under
underground conditions, is increasing. The armed struggle of our people has
been made significantly more active. The military wing of the liberation
movement .-~ "Umkhonto we siswe'"("Spear of the Nation") -- has been strength-
ened..:Its detachments are inflicting successful blows against military and
power.installations and police stations, and they are disrupting transporta—
tion and communication lines,

The racists,who are trying to maintain themselves in power, are searching for
a way out of the situation which has been created by attempting to combine
force and terror with political maneuvering. Having verbally proclaimed a
"new" and more "liberal" course in its foreign and domestic policy and widely
advertising scanty apartheid reforms, the nationalist party, which has seized
power in South Africa, is trying, however, to maintain inviolate the essence
and content of the system -- national oppression as the source of super-
exploitation and super-profits, and in the final analysis, the class domina-—
tion of the South African bourgeoisie and international monopolies, especially
American ones, that is based on them, In other words, it is trying to save
with all its strength that same apartheid. Simultaneously, the build-up of
the repression aparatus and the militarization of the economy and the country
are occurring at unprecedented rates in the name of this same goal.

Today, another trend in the policy of the racistsis being quite clearly demon-
strated: Having completely placed their economic and military potential at

the service of world imperialism, they are trying to obtain for themselves

its complete support. Their common class roots, ideological kinship, anti-
communism and anti-Sovietism, and a hatred for everything progressive and truly
democratic contribute to an enormous degree to this. From this comes the
sharply growing aggressiveness of Pretoria with respect to neighboring independ-
ent countries and its outspoken wish to join the system of imperialist military
blocs and its readiness to be included in the policy of "global confrontation",
defending the interests of the West.

The Reagan administration supports and encourages in every way possible this
position of Pretoria. The goals of Washington and Pretoria in the south of
Africa completely coincide. They consist of isolating and suppressing the
liberation revolutionary movement in South Africa and Namibia; tearing it

and the countries with a socialist orientation from their natural allies,
especially the Soviet Union and the countries of the socialist commonwealth;
transforming the region into the private domain of the Republic of South
Africa regime and world imperialism; and not allowing the strengthening of
the sovereignty and development of the people, populating it, along an indep-
endent path.

51



Gavin Relly, Anglo American
chairman: “We tend to think that
towns somehow lend themselves to
riot and revolution, but I suspect
that this is because towns by
definition are where the bulk of the
people are.

“I very much doubt whether, in
the long run, the creation of
impoverished, excluded rural
populations is less dangerous than
urbanisation. Indeed it is probably
more so.”

Mike Rosholt, Barlow Rand
chairman: “South Africa must
produce a well-reasoned and fully
articulated state urbanisation

. strategy; and the private sector
must be made aware of its role in
carrying out this strategy and must *
express willingness to play that
role.”

Dr Albert Wessels, chairman of
Toyota: “I regard the influx to the
cities, and the contribution that it
made to the solution of the
poor-white issue as one of the most
important economical
developments in my time.

“And that has an important social
and political message for present
leaders: Urbanisation is not an evil,
and it is not a problem either.

“The problem is that the cities
are not equipped to accommodate
black urbanisation. The solution is
therefore not influx control, but the
quicker development of new cities.”

The hour has come for the idea
that influx contro] must be
reviewed and phased out.

As South Africans wishing to
reduce tensions in our society, we
must go this way.

As businessmen who wish to see
free enterprise principles rule our.
economy, we must go this way.

CSO: 3400/194

93



possible that some industrialists may even have welcomed the stay-
away".

“Many have serious financial problems and are looking for shortened working
weeks," he said.

Mr van Zyl warned, however, that now that the organizers of the stayaway
had demonstrated their ability to do it, "they could repeat it during an
upswing in the economy which would have much more serious consequences".

Damage

"The stayaway organisers intended to make a political point, which is to say
they can cause damage to the South African economy-~and they can," said Dr
van Zyl.

The question arises whether, during a recession or upswing, a politically-
motivated strike on the proportions seen this week could force the country
into a political crisis.

The consensus is that it could.

It is common cause amongst economists and academics that the South African econ-
omy is sufficiently dependent on black labour for its use as a political weapon
to be effective,

Dr Charles Simkins of the University of Cape Town's department of economics
said it depended on how long the strike weapon could be wielded.

"If there was a national stayaway for two or three weeks it could be a mas~
sive shock to the system and could bring about a political crisis," said Dr
Simkins.

“But there are few reserves in the black community to sustain such a stayaway.
The question is the extent of organisational power of the black working class.

“What is important about this week's stayaway is the extent to which groups
that have not worked together before were involved in its organisation,” said
Dr Simkins.

He referred to the co-operation between trade union groups such as the power~
ful Federation of South African Trade Unions (Fosatu) and the Council of Unions
of South Africa (Cusa) on the one hand and United Democratic Front affiliated
organisations on the other,

Professor Mike Hough of the University of Pretoria's Institute for Strategic
Studies, said stayaways such as this week's served a variety of political
functions,

72



CSO:

3400/173

All this is giving a lot of credence to
the other highly placed rumour that, in
fact, the two traditional rulers also fall
into “‘the patriotic friends of Nigeria”
Hannaniya-style category and their
only crime is that they were unfortun-
ately exposed before being able to pull
off their coup.

The FMG statement that spelt out
the punishment for the rulers said that
the Emir of Kano ought to have known
better, having been an Ambassador of
the country and should have avoided
potentially embarrassing diplomatic
incidents. ot

Well, the suggestion is that precisely
because these two traditional rulers are
such diplomatically sophisticated
people and not at all like your average
traditional ruler, they were in fact the
bearers of a letter from the highest
source. :

Obviously not all members of the
FMG were privy to the delicate negot-
iations and decision which accounted
for the initial hue and cry that greeted
the visit from government circles and
has meant the necessity of a public
denunciation of the two ambassadors.

It is known for example that since
the coup, it is not only the Emir of
Kano and the Ooni of Ife who are
highly placed Nigerians that have paid
‘private’ visits to Israel — why have
they been the only ones to be
punished?

The next episode in the intricate
Nigerian-Israeli relations is being
watched with a lot of attention. There
is no doubt that only so many denials
can be issued. But maybe the day is
coming when Nigeria might decide that
she is better off discarding her “‘pro-
gressive” cloak to take full advantage
of whatever Israel has to offer and
damn the consequences.

The Arab members of OPEC who
recently gave Nigeria an increase in her
oil quota are said to be watching all of
it with very keen interest.

33



[Question] The strong economic decline in some neighboring states has
led to mass emigration to South Africa and problems for the labor
market in your country. What measures will your government take?

[Answer] We have "soft" borders with our neighbors; it is very
difficult for South Africa to prevent the influx of people who come
to earn their living. South Africa will make its contribution to
stimulating the economic development in the neighboring countries.

[Question] There seems to be a general lack of understanding of the
policy of your government.

[Answer] The West does not understand the complexity of the South
African situation. I consider it extremely important for the entire
world to understand that South African society is more heterogeneous
than any other society in the world today, that our society is made
up of broad elements of the First and Third Worlds.

The world must realize that we are all working together to ensure peace
in southern Africa.

9917
cso: 3420/16

45



GOVERNMENT GIVES EX-RESIDENTS MORE TIME ON BLOCKED FUNDS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 7 Nov 84 p 9

[Text]

cso: 3400/205

HARARE — Finahcial circles have

welcomed the Zimbabwe Govern: -

ment’s decision to give former resi-
dents more time to decide how to dis-
pose of their blocked funds.

The October deadline was extended
to the end of the year in a move which
The Financial Gazette newspaper
described as very welcome.

People outside Zimbabwe with funds
here have until December 31 to decide
on their future. course. %

They can transfer this money to four
percent government bonds, which will
enable the capital to be remitted: out-
side the country in full in 12 years for
individuals and 20 years for companies;

_ or to leave it in higher interest paying

investments witl'nd likelihood of pay-
ment of income or capital outside Zim-
babwe.

It.has also been, established, says
The Financial Gazette that former
residents who are at least 64 years old
and whose total blocked assets are
worth about Zim$30000 may retain

these in blocked funds in banks or .'

building ‘societies for future repay-
ments on the anniversary of their de-
parture and for local use.

Former residents whose total
blocked assets are less than Zim$6 000
may choose to retain these for local

114

use and to pay for air tickets to and
from Zimbabwe on Air Zimbabwe

flights. ~

But former redidents are not not al-
lowed to retain a portion of their
blocked funds for local use and invest
the balance in external bonds.

It is all or nothing, if they do qualify
for the concessions.

If a local resident dies, non-resident
heirs will be permitted to receive their
entire share of any inheritance abroad
by way of 12-year four percent exter-
nal bonds. The old limit of Zim$25 000
has béen removed.

If a former resident diés abroad,
non-resident heirs will inherit the ex-
isting bonds into which the. blocked
funds were placed.

Interest and eventual remittance of
capital will be remitted to nori-resident
heirs.

The clampdown on the outflow of
funds was imposed in March this year
along with a temporary ban on the re-
mittarice of dividends and a ban on
rent payments outside the country.

Drastic action to boost foreign cur-

rency resources included the seizure of 7

externally quoted shares.

The government said the measures
were necessary to pay for food imports
and to enable Zimbabwe to meet its in-
ternational debt obligations.

ZIMBABWE



In an economic regard, the African south long ago won: fame for itself as the
"Persian Gulf of minerals", The U.S, military industrial complex receives a
significant portion of its strategic raw materials, including titanium, cobalt,
chrome and diamonds, from here, Namibia, which is occupied by Pretoria,
possesses enormous reserves of. uranium. More than 1,800 foreign monopolies
operate in South Africa. Among them, 400 American ones play the leading role.
The capital, which is invested by foreign companies in the South African
economy, does not know of any profit equal to it in the world.

South Africa is an important bridgehead for American imperialism in its
military, political; economic ‘and ideological expansion against the liberated
African states. In trying to make their enormous investments and dividends
secure, the imperialist states and international monopolies are doing every—
thing to strengthen their "strategic ally", Getting around the embargo that
has been declared by the United Nations on military and other cooperation
with the Yacists,they are continuing to deliver weapons and military equipment
to them and are offering them production technology. Annually, the Republic

dollars. The imperialist West, especially the United States and Israel, are
directly contributing to Pretoria's building of a nuclear weapon and its
delivery systems, With the coming to power of Reagan, American and South
African contacts were strengthened along all lines, and the Republic of South
Africa regime was openly reckoned among "states friendly to the United States",

Despite the reactionary efforts to perpetuate the racist regime, South Africa
is today undergoing a time of serious changes, The ratio of forces is ‘steadily
changing in favor of the fighters for freedom and independence. Mozambique
and Angola have cast off the chains of colonialism and have already achieved
significant successes in the struggle for their economic liberation -~ they
have selected a path of socialist orientation. The people of Zimbabwe have
won a victory in the anticolonial war. All of this did not fundamentally
change the situation only in those countries which have broken’ out from under
the unlimited domination of imperialism. . The "buffer zone", which protected
the Republic of South Africa regime from free Africa, was eliminated, The
peoples of South Africa and Namibia received an inspiring example.

A deepening of the internal crisis, which embraced South Africa in the middle
Seventies, is taking place. Mass antiracist demonstrations are continuing to
gather strength. The workers have intensified ‘the strike movement and its
nature, and the slogans have acquired a new and more mature: and profound content.

conditions but also changes in the racist work laws in general. The number of |
independent trade unions, in.which hundreds of thousands of people are now
united, has grown. ' _

The demonstrations of the workers have acquired: more and more a political
coloring: At the call of the liberation Organizations, they are conducting
general strikes and mass actions of solidarity with political prisoners and
they are coming out against. torture and. killings in the prisons and against
Yacist laws. The democratically attuned representatives of the different
population groups, including the whites, are displaying more and more activity.

50



SOUTIT AFRICA

COLUMNIST SCORES USE OF TROOPS —

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 28 Oct 84 p 6

[Article by Percy Qoboza in the "Percy's Itch" column: "You've Got a Friend
in the Peace-Keeping Business...?"] :

[Text] THERE you have it right in front of your eyes--the typical South.
African solution to solving problems. Just surround them with the SA Defence
Force and cover the police, while they conduct a scandalous house-to-house
search at the most scandalous of hours.

Since time immemorial, there has been no substitute, it seems, for the.
doctrine of kragdadigheid. What started off, as we are told by the ,police,
as an act of eradicating "revolutionaries and criminal elements’, has as
usual ended up as a massive pass-raid.

I suspect most of the people arrested fell under that category.

I want to know under what authority of law the Defence Force and the: police ,
were acting. . .

To enter any man's yard without his permission constitutes illegal entry.
To force him to wake up at an ungodly hour against his will constitutes as-
sault.

To get into the house without producing a warrant that specifically gives the
police the right to conduct a search of the premises, is a violation of a man's
sacred right to privacy.

And to wake up his children at that hour. constitutes cruelty to a minor. In-
structing those children to go to school in the morning after subjecting them
to such mental anguish at such an hour, must rank as the most cynical exercise
of power. .

At the same time it undermines the authority of the parent in front of his or
her children. Can you think of a more humiliating experience?

And to add insult to injury, you then dip the man, woman and child's figures
in red dye to show they have been cleared~-an assault out of all proportions.

46



His views are echoed in certain sectors of indus-
try. One management consultant told The Star
that the Government and private enterprise ex-
pected workers to organise themselves to over-
come intimidation.

A snap survey of several large firms found, how-
ever, that there was some sympathy for the plight
of workers too scared to be seen going to work
during the boycott.

Two large trucking companies reported that em-
ployees arrived for work very early and asked to
sleep on the premises during the stayaway. Other
firms said that staff had telephoned to say it was
too dangerous to leave their homes for fear that
their families would be vicitmised and their houses
burnt down.

Managers of these companies said they were
concerned for their staff, but there clearly was a
limit to how much any business could take.

The chief executive of a large East Rand trans-

Repression of

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 11 Nov 84

{Article by Sullivan]

[Text] This was the week of the big
stayaway, an event most
whites looked upon with some
amusement, some sympathy,
some irritation: and virtually
no comprehension at all.

Let me tell you a story
about the man who moved my
furniture on Monday, the first
day of the stayaway.

As usual, the movers were
late so off I went to a nearby
hotel to telephone the com-
pany to find out if the lateness
‘was due to tradition or to the
stayaway. Feng toe

At the hotel I found an irate

" manager berating a maid who
was late for work. *

“You are late,” he said, “re-
member this at the end of the
month. Remember you were

“late and don’t expect me to
forget.”

“I could not help it,” she ©

said. “There were roadblocks.
It was terrible. What was I
supposed to do, I could do
nothing.”

i." - “No excuses: go and do your

. work,” he said angrily and
turned to me with an exa-
sperated expression as if he

75

port undertaking said that the loss of two days pro-
duction was equal to 10 percent of one month’s out-
put.

“And in these times we aren’t able to afford such
losses,” he said.

Bank economist Mr Louis Geldenhuys said he re-
garded as more serious than the loss of production
the impact a massive stayaway had on the econ-
ony in terms of overseas and local investor confi-

lence.

“If we are going to have an increased occurrence
of this we are going to see a change of sentiment
both inside and outside the country,” he remarked.

The impact of the events of the past week may
not be fully known for many months, but clearly
there is no room for complacency for anyone in-
volved or affected by the stayaway.

The implications of future similar strike actions
raise many more questions than answers. Govern-
ment workers and strike organisers would do well
to consider carefully their next actions.

Blacks

p3

"knew he could count on a fel-

low-white’s sympathy.

He was lucky his maid
bothered to come to work at
all. I doubt she made the ef-
fort the next day.

When my mover arrived
with the furniture I asked
whether he had problems get-
ting to work.

“Oh yes,” he said in his
‘African accent, “there is big
stayaway today and I had
trouble getting to the train.
When this job is finished, we
can go home. I must go to
make sure my house she is not
burnt down because I come to
work.”

After the morning’s moving
he stood in the kitchen and
talked about the unrest. He
lives in Shoshanguve, a Pre-
toria township.

“You know,” he said, “I do
not understand these people.
What are they doing to blacks
and whites? They want for us
to fight each other. .

“Today I wake up, open the
curtains to look ouiside and
there is the police, white po-
lice in my township. In two



"BLACK BOOM' FOR DURBAN FORECAST

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 6 Nov

[Text]

CSO:

3400/194

DURBAN — This city’s
tourists of the future will
be black. They will come
from all parts of: South-
ern Africa and Durban's
citizens will have to ad-
just. .
This forecast was
given by Durban City
Councillor Peter Mans-
field when-he addressed
the Durban branch of the
Southern African Insti-
tute of Chartered Secre-
taries and Administra-
tors last week.

Mr Mansfield said that
if local people did not
find an answer to the
coming influx of black
tourists the city would be
the poorer.

“By the turn of the
century tourism will be
the biggest industry in
the world. Durban is de-
pendent on its visitors.”

The city council was
doing its best to make
Durban a more attrac-
tive place. It was for this
reason that the railway
site was being developed.

“You will see signifi-

‘cant changes in the cen-

85

84 p SM

i tral business district

soon, but improvements
to Smith and West
Streets are not sufficient.

“We have a develop-
ment plan for the rail-
way site including a park.
My hope is that Durban
will be reborn.

. “The plan should speed
up completion of the new
road system and leave
behind an exhibition cen-
tre. I hope it will be a
milestone in the city’s
progress.”

Mr Mansfield said that
the beachfront as a holi-
day area had been neg-
lected for two decades.

“We are now getting
improvements going. We
want the beaches to be
put to better use and that
there should be more
sand and grass. Our sand-
pumping schemes are an
example of what is being
done.”

There were also plans
afoot to develop the area
between Addington and
the Point. This offered a
calm beach and beautiful
harbour views.

“We must learn to love
our city.”

SOUTH AFRICA



NIGERIA

BRIEFS

RELIGIOUS FANATICS SAID GAINING--A New wave of religious fanaticism is fast
gaining grounds in Bauchi, Reports reaching the state government, said that
some fanatics are carrying out illegal religious activities, contrary to the
rules and regulations laid down by the committee on religious preaching in the
state, The Military Governor, Brigadier Mohammed Sani Sami, on receiving these
reports, warned that the ban on open air religious preaching was still in
force. He emphasized that the government would not abdicate its responsibil-
ity to the people of the state at the expense of irresponsible behaviour of
afew. The governor further warned that all those who plan to cause trouble
in the name of religious fanaticism would have themselves to blame. Ina
related development, Christians belonging to the Catholic Church in the state
expressed their dissatisfaction with the government's order to demolish
churches situated in an area where the state Development Board had already
maped out for the construction of a ring-road. The governor in his response
to the Christian delegates who went to see him on the issue, explained that
the action was not meant to molest or intimidate any religious group; rather,
it was in the interest of the people of Bauchi State. The government however,
has provided an alternative piece of land to the Catholic mission for the
construction of another Church. [Abunaker Buhari] [Text] Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH
in English 14 Oct 84 p 1]

NEWSPRINT SHORTAGE--The Nigeria Standard daily newspaper and its sister paper,
the Sunday Standard may cease publication anytime from now because of a very
serious shortage of newsprint. Although the number of pages of these news-
papers has been reduced within the last few weeks, sources close to the com-
pany said that the present stock of newsprint would not in any way make the two
publications survive the week. The company's Sole Administrator also confirmed
the situation to our reporter during an interview, He however disclosed that
the company's expected consignment would arrive in the country next month. He
said efforts were underway to secure adequate reels of newsprint to sustain
the two tabloids until the company takes delivery of its newsprint. Other
publishing houses are also facing problems caused by the newsprint shortage,
and many are forced to print fewer pages than normal. [Text] [Kano SUNDAY
TRIUMPH in English 14 Oct 84 p 2]

RUSH FOR IMPORT LICENSES-~-About 1.5 million applications for the 1985 General
Goods Import Licences are now awaiting processing in the Ministry of Commerce
and Industry, A spot check as at the close of business on Friday revealed
that more and more applications were pouring in but the figure of those

40



ton and London were for commodity facilities with little variation.

As for the Soviet Union no management fees were charged but for the K1.3

million which Zambia paid last year towards disposing of the principal loan
an interest fee of K508,840 was levied.

The loans from Moscow were for the electrification of rural areas, construction
of roads and special equipment.

- Another interesting fea-
ture is on the loans from the
International Monetary
Trust Fund. While Zambia
paid nothing towards re-.
paying a loan the country
released K15.68 million for
interest rates and K135,798
for management fees.

This underlines fears
that the loans on which
principal payments had
been stalled would be even
more expensive. -

Following the reschedul-
ing of loans by the Govern-
ment a complete halt to
funds movement from Zam-
bia to the creditor countries
was effected to give the
country some breathing

space.

But this does not mean
that the periods during
which the loans would be
“forgiven” will not be
charged interest.

“At this rate,”” said Gov-
ernment economists,
“Zambia would be ten
times more in debt to her
creditors in three years
time than now. There is no
way out.’”

cso: 3400/191

110



ZIMBABWE

MILITARY POLICE ‘EMERGENCY PLATOON’. GRADUATES
MB162030 Harare Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 16 Nov 84

[Text] The first Zimbabwe military police emergency platoon graduated at
the army headquarters in Harare today." ‘The’ 60: members of the platoon went
through a 3~month stiff defensive training course in (?controlling) riots,
mass dispersions, elements of rescue .operation, ‘covering hijacking, and
national developments. Speaking at the passing out parade, the reviewing
officer, Brigadier Benjamin (Mabenge),isaid the ‘training of the emergency
platoon was the: beginning of a concerted ‘effort to transform the army into
a multipurpose force capable of handling socioeconomic or military issues,
which may try to destabilize the.nation.. Brig’ (Mabenge) warned the gradu-
ates not to use their newly acquired skills‘for the purpose of violating
dignity of citizens, but for the purpose of ensuring national [word in-
distinct]. He also warned. ‘disloyal. citizens, who are bent on destabiliza-
tion, that the platoon has been trained-to ensure their effective deten-
tion.

cso: 3400/207 END

119



SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA .REPORT

ConTENTS
ANGOLA
Commander of 10th Region Reviews Military Situation
(Keba Interview; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 13 Oct BA) ca wee eee ences
GHANA
History of Country's Gold Industry Reviewed ; Future Projected
(Cameron Duodu; RAND DAILY MAIL, 25 Oct 84)...+eseseeeeeeees
MALAWI
Briefs
Pipes Leave Beira
MALI
Bamako Examines OAU Problems, Issues on Agenda
(Baba Daga; Bamako Domestic Service, 9 Nov 84)....+.eeeeees
MOZAMBIQUE

Four MNR Representatives Identify Themselves
(Jose Caetano; RAND DAILY MAIL, 2 Nov 84)..

RSA Crackdown on MNR Rebels Expected

(David Thomas; THE STAR, 8 Nov 84).. wees 12
Life in Maputo Described as Spartan

(David Thomas; THE STAR, 31 Oct 84)...eeeeeeceseeseenecseecs 14
Briefs

Labor Secretary Visits RSA Mines 15

Soviet Fishing Boat 15

Maputo Banker Wants Trade 15

-a- (III - NE & A - 120]

JPRS-SSA-84-128

11 December 1984



DVOKOLWAKO DIAMOND MINE SET FOR OPERATIONS IN JUNE 1985

Mbabane THE SWAZI OBSERVER in English 2 Nov 84 p 3

{Text ]

CSO:

THE Dvokolwako
Diamond Mines
which started pro-
specting operations
last November, is just
finishing off the first
prospecting opera-
tions, the chairman of
the mine Mr F Hoff-
man said in an inter-
view on Wednesday.

He said his company is
now evaluating the
results of the prospec-

tion - which’ will deter-:
mine the future of the

mine.

“While we are still not
sure of the size of the
mine, one thing for sure
is that we. are
establishing a mine and
we expect to start mining
operations in June next
year,” Mr Hoffman
said.

He said the actual date

3400/197

to: start full operations
will also: be determined.
‘by the availability and
délivery of mining equip-
ment. ‘

He said the diamond
at KaDvokolwako - will
be mainly of “industrial
quality, small ‘in_ size
with a percentage of a
near-gem quality.”” -

He said there will also
be a-small percentage of
good quality gem stone.

The stone will mainly
be exported to Antwerp,

103

Belgium, one of the
world’s ‘major tradihg
centres for diamond.

Yesterday the chief of
the area Chief
Malamulela held con-
sultations with manage-
-ment of Dvokolwako
Diamond Mines, in
order to define the area
where the mine will. be
éstablished and mark the

_ Security area.

About 80 to a 100 peo-
ple are expected to be

SWAZILAND

employed at the mine
together with 15 to 20 ex-
patriates.

“The reason for this is
that diamond mining is a
highly mechanised pro-
cess and security also
plays a major role,”’ Mr
Hoffman said.

The Swazi nation
through the Queen
Regent will own 50 per-
cent of the mine, he said.

The mine is going to
have Mr Hoffman as its
chairman, who is also
‘chairman of Trans Hex
Group Ltd in Cape
Town. There will be two
Swazi directors.



TOP OFFICIALS' SALARIES EXAMINED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 11 Nov 84 p 21

[Article by David Breier]

[Text]

PRESIDENT Botha and his Ministers are doing very nicely, thank
you, when it comes to raking in the shekels, compared to the

man-in-the-street.

Since 1970, the income of the Prime Minister (now the State
President) has increased by a cool 550 percent and that of his

Ministers by 500 percent.

And they score additionally since much of their income is in

tax-free allowances.

The average annual pay for
all races has increased by
460 percent since 1970.’ The
higher pay means.a higher tax
bracket, which has reduced dis-
posable income.

In 1964 the Prime Minister, Dr
HF Verwoerd, made do with an
annual salary of R13000 plus
R2.000 in reimbursements.

By 1970 his successor, Mr
John Vorster, was receiving

(R17 500 in total.

: Mr PW Botha is now receiv-
ing R114 200 a year of which
R78 000.is salary and R36 200 in
reimbursements.

Cabinet Ministers received a
total of R11500 in 1964. This
went up to R13 000 by 1970 and
now stands at R78 000.

According to Central Statisti-
cal Services, the present system
of calculating average wages
dates back to 1970 and previous
statistics are not comparable.

In 1970, the average annual
Pay packet was Ri 356 for all
races. For whites it was R3 252,
for coloured people it was R936,

. for Indians it was R1 044 and for
blacks it was R480.

63

By the beginning of this year,

- the total average annual pay for

all races had increased to R7 584
or an increase of 460 percent.

For whites it went up to
R15 660 or 380 percent, for col-
oured people it increased to
R5 328 or 470 percent, for In-
dians it was R7572 or an in-
crease -of 630 percent and for
blacks it was Rs 996 or an in-
crease of 730 percent.

This means that the white pay
increase over the past 14 years
was 380percent compared to
their white political leaders. who
voted themselves increases of
500 or 550 percent,



SOUTH AFRICA

CP AIDE IN USSR JOURNAL: POLITICAL SITUATION, PARTY ACTIVITIES
Moscow PARTIYNAYA ZHIZN' in Russian No 17, Sep 84 pp 75-79

[Article by Moses Mabhida, general secretary of the South African Communist
Party: "In the Struggle Against the Forces of Imperialism and Apartheid"]

[Text] Today, mankind is faced with the most serious threat in all of history
-- a threat which has been engendered by imperialism's aggressive policy,
especially the militaristic policy of the Reagan administration, and which is
shoving the world into the abyss of nuclear war. The strategic goal of imper-
jalism, headed by the United States, is to slow down and turn back social
development. Modern day capitalism is primarily directing all of its efforts
toward the struggle against the three main revolutionary forces of today --
world socialism, the international workers movement and the national libera-
tion movement.

The reliance on militarism and the use of brute force to achieve military
superiority is a characteristic feature of the policy of U. S. imperialism. A
graphic manifestation of this was the deployment by Washington of cruise
missiles and Pershing-II missiles in Western Europe. The United States is
nurturing far-reaching plans to spread the arms race into space. It is creat—
ing an interventionist "rapid deployment force", and it is expanding the net-
work of its military bases. The military activity of the United States in
Asia and in the Pacific Ocean has grown, and plans are being developed to
involve Japan and South Korea very deeply in the Pentagon's orbit. Washington's
aggressive actions are being intensified in Latin America, the area of the
Caribbean basin, and in the Persian Gulf zone, All of this reflects the
militaristic essence and lack of morals of imperialism.

Our country -- South Africa -- belongs to a region which American imperialism
has declared to be an "area of its vital interests". With the help of various
machinations and by means of direct interference, Washington is trying to
solidify its positions here and to guarantee the privileges of the monopolistic
capital of the United States and other western countries as well as those of
transnational companies. The Pentagon and NATO see in South Africa the key to
controlling the waters of the southern portion of the Atlantic and the Indian
Ocean and the international waterway around the Cape of Good Hope.

49



MIDRAND: NEW HIGH-TECH COMMERCIAL TOWNSHIP

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 2. Nov .84 p 15

[Article by Mervyn Harris]

[Text]

cso:

A NEW upmarket, high-tech
commercial township is to be
built on ground at Grand Central
Airport, Midrand, between Jo-
hannesburg and Pretoria.

The latest t to the area follows
the purchase in December last year of
the airport and.40ha of surrounding
ground by a private consortium head-
ed by Downtown Real Estate.

The township, Grand Central Indus-
trial Park, will include an. office
building for those engaged in activi-
ties related to the airport which will
continue to operate.

Customs ‘and passport. control
facilities will be established and plans
are in hand to develop the airport’s

n’ Rodwell, a member of

consortium.
Sole letting agent for the township
is the Boksbur; Office of J H Isaacs.

ickag
. ; up is suitable for
laboratories, distribution centres,

3400/194

98

warehouses and offices,

“The focus will be on clean, high-
technology businesses, service indus-
tries and those companies needing
immediate access to an airport,” he

te project is part of the continuing

brisk industrial and business develop-. : -

ment in the Halfway House area be-
tween the N1 Ben Schoeman highway
and the old Pretoria Road. -

Among the industries and head-
quarters already established there
are Johnson & Johnson, Technical
Publications, Stuttafords, Estee
Lauder and MSD.

Building is in progress for BMW,
Alfa Romeo, Federated Insurance’s

S M Goldstein, Delta G, Checkers, Ad- -
cock ‘am, Consolidated Glass and
In Cold Storage.

e growth rate in Midrahd has
jumped to nearly 19% in the last six
months after an average rate of 10%
over the last 10 years, says town coun-
cil spokesman.

Council returns show that for the 12
months from September 1983 to
A 1984, ; Plans for new industrial

ess buildings and improvements
to existing industrial buildings to-

‘talled more than R59m.

SOUTH AFRICA



cso:

most, because it did not take very long
for the students to become disillu-
sioned with the new military regime.

The disagreements between the
students and the Federal Military
Government have been on two main
issues.

For all their professed dislike for the
politicians, the students cherished the
atmosphere of freedom that existed
under civilian rule and the fact that
they could always demonstrate their
displeasure about whatever they see
wrong with the government.

The military would tolerate demon-
strations of support for their over-
throw and of the disgust with the
deposed politicians but will not tolerate
any. demonstrations ‘of displeasure
against military actions or policies. For
students who'like to make their feelings
known very loudly, a collision was in-
evitable.

The confrontation was hastened by
the.decision of the FMG to reintroduce
the payment of school feés in all
schools, a. decision that. was loudly
decried by the students.

The ‘first rambling. of. discontent
came into the open.as.early as March
when the: Bendel Police Command
announced that it will not tolerate any.
form of students demonstrations. The
command then said that it was aware
that students in the State were planning
to demonstrate: against . the -govern-
ment’s decision to: reintroduce school
fees. The command appealed to the
students to heed the warning “in their
own interest’’.

This was followed up in April by the
banning of the National Association of
Nigerian. Students’ (NANS) by : the
Federal Military Government in April.

The ‘Minister of Education, Science
and Technology, :: Alhaji’ Ibrahim

Yarima Abdullahi stated that the

340/173 *

23

NANS was an off-shoot of the
National Union of Nigerian Students
(NUNS) which had been banned by the
Murtala/Obasanjo administration and
therefore could not receive the
recognition of the present government.
The FMG asked the various educa-
tional institutions to step up their
individual unions.

The students reacted by calling for a
boycott of lectures to back up their
demands which included a cancellation
of school fees at both Federal and State
levels, the release of all detained

:* Students and the lifting of the ban on

all student union activities.

The support for the boycott call was
patchy but it was serious enough to
have led to the closure ofa number of
universities. ,

The Universities ‘of. Benin, orin,
Jos, Federal Universities of :Technol-

ogy, Makurdi and. Bauchi were all

closed down as a result of the boycott
_of lectures by the students.

». Two. weeks later. the NANS

announced a temporary suspension. of

_, the boycott of lectures.

-In.a' statement issued in Ilorin, the
‘Association. said that it had-taken the
decision because of.‘‘pressures from
the Nigeria Labour Congress’? which

:. had promised to take up its case with

the Federal Government.

Since then the students have been
playing hide and.seek with the authori-
ties on. the holding of their. delegates
: conference.

-oa, The students had argued all along
that their association was a legally
constituted body and the FMG had no

_ reason.to ban it and were determined

sto ignore the ban. -

This confrontation is bound to lead

_.to even more . strained .-relations
between the military and the students
_and put the students firmly now in the

, group of. “opponents”? to the regime.



NAMIBIA

RSA DEFENSE ACT AMENDMENTS TO INCREASE CONSCRIPTION IN NAMIBIA
Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 23 Oct 84 p 1

[Text]; WINDHOEK: Amendments to the South African Defence Act concerning
military service would be shortly be made applicable to Namibia, the SWA
Territory Force said in a statement in Windhoek yesterday.

The purpose of the amendmerits to the Act--already in force.in South Africa--
was to acquire additional skills for the SADF and the SWATF, to eliminate
personnel shortages in certain areas, and to ensure a more equitable distribu-
tion of the defence load among all the inhabitants of the territory, the
statement said.

The SWATP ‘said the implementation of the new legislation would mean all
Namibian men between the ages of 17 and 55 years would have to register at
venues to be announced "at a later stage."

The registration drive would include South African citizens and non-citizens
of SA,.as well as all men presently serving in the armed forces in Namibia.

Men’ who had not yet done military service would be liable to call-up for ser-
vice in the Area Force (Citizen force Units) which would entail 30 days
service in the first year, and 12 days annual service until the age of 55.

Those who ‘had been placed on a reserve list could be called up again after
five years for 12 days duty annually, the statement added.

"The implementation of the act does not mean all men between the ages of 17
and‘ 55 years would be called up, but people may be involved at any time ac-
cording to need," the SWATF said. It added legislation would be promulgated
"in due course" to bring Namibian legislation in line with the Defence Act in
South Africa,

cso: 3400/197

19



the implementation of the Jey Report (which investigated the impact of
Armscor's missile-testing range in the area) and any subsequent developments
which might affect the ecology of the area. ~ The spokesman said two other
committees consisting of officials of the two controlling bodies in the De Hoop
area~-Armscor and the Cape Department of Nature and Environmental Conserva-
tion (CDNEC)--had also been established. They were: A technical working
committee consisting of officials active at the site, to ensure that ecolog-
ical disturbances were limited to an absolute minimum. An umbrella committee
consisting of Armscor management and senior CDNEC officials to resolve con-
flicts that might arise and to supervise the necessful execution of the
project. [Text] [Capetown THE CAPE TIMES in English 30°Oct 84 p 13]

LOW LANASIA POLL TIC 'VICTORY'--The Transvaal. Indian Congress (TIC) has
hailed the result of this week's Lenasia Management Committee elections as a
"massive victory", and yesterday called on those elected to resign immedi-
ately. In a statement, the TIC said only 0,28% of the more than 45 000 eli-
gible voters had shown support for those elected. - The results showed the
massive rejection of the management committee and the Government's local gov-
ernment system as a whole, it said. Only two of. the seven seats on the man-
agement committee were contested after two candidates pulled out on the eve
of the elections. Those who were elected unopposed included a number of
people who were recently defeated in the parliamentary elections, These in-
clude Mrs Rashida Ebrahim, who polled 35 votes in the parliamentary election,
and Mr Ram Pillay. In the contested seats Mr Ram Mohabeer won Ward Two with
34 of the 35 votes cast and Mr Y Mia won Ward Five with 87 of the 97 votes
cast, A TIC spokesman said yesterday that the TIC had been campaigning door~
to-door, calling on people to stay away from the polls.. It was clear that
those elected had won only because their immediate families had voted for them,
he said. The new management committee will consist of Mr Harry Behare, Mr
Ram Mohabeer, Mr J, Jhina, Mr Ram Pillay, Mr Y Mia, Mr M Khan and Mrs Rashida
Ebrahim. [Text] [By Anton Harber] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English
2 Nov 84 p 4] . Soa .,

cso: 3400/194

102



NIGERIA

KIDNAPPING, ‘RELATIONS WITH “ISRAEL EXPLORED
London TALKING ‘DRUMS: in English No 1,17 Sep 84 pp 11-12
{Article by Elizabeth Ohene: | "Israel~-the Friend Nigeria Cannot Acknowledge]

[fext] Alhaji Umaru Dikko himself possibly» "> the small-outnumbered and persecuted

put the idea into the minds of the
Nigerians — the idea of the kidnap,
that is.

Remember his early interviews in the
year when he said that “‘they have
turned me into some kind of a Hitler

being sighted at diffrent places at the .

same time etc. etc.’’ Well if there is a
Hitler or Eichmann or Bormann or
Klaus Barbie, the people that have
specialised in dealing with such former
German Nazis are the Israelis.

After all, are the Israelis not known

for their dare devil, under cover oper- ,

ations and did they not successfully
kidnap Eichmann and most recently
the ‘Butcher of Lyons’?

To the Israelis therefore the
Nigerians went, for the moment it is
not yet important to untangle whether
jt was the Federal Military Government
or “‘patriotic friends of Nigeria” to
borrow the words of Maj-Gen. Han-
naniya the not-welcome-in-London-
Nigerian-High-Commissioner to
Britain.

But then the Israelis have always
posed a problem to Black Africa. Their
rugged individuality and tenacity of
purpose have always been admired.
Their ablility to make gardens bloom
in the desert sends African countries
wishing they could also perform the
‘Israeli miracle’ and turn their own
countries into economically viable
societies.

And then, of course, all those years
of Israel regularly defeating her Arab
neighbours in a never ending series of
wars; there is nothing like the image of

312.

nation beating the bigger nations to
bring out sneaky. admiration.

But all that was before the 1973 war
which led to the ostracization of Israel
from black Africa. ‘The unseemly
affair between South Africa and

:Israel also meant that Israel rapidly

lost whatever friends she had left in
black. Africa. . (

After the diploniatic isolation, no
self-respecting African nation could be
seén to'be openly having dealings with
Israel.

-Those African nations that either did .
not break off relations with Israel or
later on resumed diplomatic relations
are those that have never been counted
among the ‘progressives”’.

With Nigeria, however, it is and has
been an entirely different kettle of fish
altogether. Here is the ‘giant of Africa’
that pronounces itself the progressive
jeader and uncompromising on all
things Zionist and apartheid.

But even more important was the
role of the Arab world in the Nigerian
scheme of things.

Apart from the predominantly
moslem north of the country identify-
ing more with the Arabs than the
Israelis on religious grounds, there is
the very strong economic considera-
tions; OPEC after all is Arab domin-
ated and Nigeria has been almost solely
dependent on oil for the past dozen
years,

While Israeli expertise in agriculture
or turning deserts into gardens or road
building and security and intelligence
work are all definitely welcome to



cso:

3400/191

Asked for a comment,
Bank of Zambia general
manager Mr Michael
Mwape said the central
bank had on Thursday this
week authorised K300,000
to be externalised to Dar es
Salaam.

He said this brought the
total amount externalised
for fuel expenses to
K600,000 ‘but did not say
when the other allocation
was remitied. .

The imminent closure of
ithe Tazara comes only less
than a month after it was
announced the company
was introducing an express
train service to East Africa.
. Tazara board chairman.
Mr Odira Ongara said at
the time that in addition to
the express passenger ser-
vice a fleet of 32 loco-
motives had been acquired.

And because of improved
operations the line had
scooped K6 million profit
during the 1983 financial
year.

Revenue from cargo and
passenger haulage had
tisen to an all time level of
K16 million during the past
year.

It was envisaged that 1.1
million tonnes of goods
would this year be handled
by Tazara as opposed to

*"946;000' ‘tonnes “in 1983.

112

NEEDS

Commenting on Tazara’s
problems, Power, Trans-
port and Communications
ermanent secretary Mr
ledson Nyoni said the
Bank of Zamba had releas-
ed K300,000 for the line’s
immediate needs on Oc-
tober 31.

This foliowed ‘‘useful
and helpful’ discussions
with the ministry and Mr
Mwape, he said.

The money had already
been remitted to Dar es
Salaam and Mr Mwape had
assured the ministry that a
further K300,000 was to be
sent by Thursday.

Mr Nyoni said the
ministry was concerned
over the affairs of the
railway and it had always
availed itself of the oppor-
tunity to discuss the grave
financial matters facing the
“Uhuru” railway with the
central bank whenever there
was need.

“The bank is always
helpful whenever it has
money and our ministry is
doing its best to accom-
modate the needs of Tazara

“since it is the lifeline of

Zambia as far as transpor-
tation of exports and im-
ports are concerned,” said
Mr Nyoni.



The example of the Soviet Union -- the first state of workers and peasants

in the world -- and the foreign and domestic policy of the CPSU are inspiring
the people of the planet in their struggle against imperialism and reaction.
The experience in resolving the nationality question in the USSR has special
importance for us in South Africa. The Soviet country is a model of the
fraternal cooperation and selfless work of all the people who inhabit it --
both large and small. We well know that the cornerstone of the policy of the
CPSU and the country of the Soviets is proletarian internationalism. The
Leninist policy of peace, which has been followed by the USSR in the inter-
national arena, is responsive to the vital interests of all peoples on earth.

The most aggressive and adventuristic circles of world imperialism, especially
those of the United States, have pounced upon this policy. Washington has
declared a "crusade" against communism, is heating up international tensions,
and has adopted a policy of preparing for a nuclear war. Disrupting the

plans of reactionary forces means removing the deadly threat from humanity and
insuring favorable opportunities for social progress.

Our struggle in the south of Africa against Pretoria's racist regime and
against imperialist expansion in the region is a contribution to the common
cause of the people's struggle. The national liberation movement in our count-
ry is growing. Ever newer masses of workers are being included in it. Our
struggle enjoys complete support and solidarity with world socialism; the
international communist and worker movement; independent countries in Africa,
Asia and Latin America; and "front-line states" in the region.

As Comrade K. U. Chernenko, general secretary of the CPSU Central Committee
and chairman of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet, has pointed out,
the unfailing fraternal. solidarity of the Soviet Union supports the fighters
for the liberation of the south of Africa from colonialism and racism.

Imperialism was forced to retreat step by step from its positions after the
great October Socialist Revolution in Russia. The area of its domination,
which is based on political and social oppression, is steadily narrowing.
Today, a third of the world's population has done away with the abominable
system of exploitation of man by man, The absolute majority in the former
colonial countries have acquired freedom and many of them are today success—
fully moving forward along the path of strengthening economic independence
and social progress. Stormy events and processes are occurring where capital
is reigning as before, shaking its foundations. The general crisis of capital-
ism is intensifying.

The spread of the liberation struggle inside our country will permit victory
to be assured for our people. The communists of South Africa are prepared to
give all of their experience, energy and strength for this noble goal.

COPYRIGHT: . Izdatel'stvo TsK KPSS "Pravda". "Partiynaya zhizn'". 1984.

8802
cso: 1807/25

55



DEBTS EXPECTED TO SOAR

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 2 Nov 84 p 1

[Text]

ZAMBIA’s exter-
nal debt might
soar to an alar-
ming K12 billion
within the next
two years if the

_ rescheduling of

loans does not
bear any results.

The debt which at
last December stood at
K2.6 billion is rising
rapidly because of the
declining value of the
Kwacha and the stall-
ing on payments of in-
terest rates.

According to the latest
Financial Report for 1983
the combined interest rates
and management expenses
ration completely outstrip
the principal loans.

Zambia is not’ paying
more than 50 per cent
servicing the _ external
loans. This meant with the
declining value of the
Kwacha by the time the
rescheduled loans will be
due for payment the figure
is expected to be even
higher.

109

This is despite the low
interest rates which the
creditors may be giving
Zambia.

According io the report
loans from the African
Development Bank (ADB)
carry a low rate of four
per cent interest. .

But while during 1983
Zambia paid K588,188
towards repayment of the
principal loan from the
ADB, a total of K665,495,
was paid in interest and
management fees.

Government economists
have described this as
“frightening” and said it
would lead to debt servic-
ing problems.

The report shows that
this is evident in almost all
the loans Zambia has
secured from abroad.

During the financial year
under review Zambia paid
tothe United — States
K355,592 towards repaying
the principal loan. But the
added sum of interest and
management fee of that
same loan amounted -to
K1,582,295,

And towards servicing
loans from Britain, Zambia
paid KS.1 million in
interest rates and manage-
ment. fees after paying
K13.4 million for the loan.
Both loans from Washing-

ZAMBIA



Weakened

"There is the intended breakdown in external confidence in the country's
economy, resultant disinvestment and weakened production, all of which are
emphasised in revolutionary literature," said Prof Hough.

This was coupled with widespread intimidation, "a variation of the picket
line".

Prof Hough doubted, however, whether the black community had the resources
to pursue a sustained general strike.

"They have little funding, there are organisational problems and, in the
light of existing unemployment, dismissal is a real fear.

"There are also none of the social welfare benefits enjoyed by unemployed
and strikers alike in countries such as Britain," said Prof Hough.

Economists said one of the root causes of the politicallyrrelated industrial
unrest was the dire economic circumstances in the black community. This
allowed radical appeals to fall on more willing ears.

But the unrest could, in a vicious circle, exacerbate the causes of hard
times amongst both employed and unemployed by fuelling the increasing
tendency amongst industrialists to go for capital rather than labour inten-
sive investment.

One of the chief reasons for this was the wage demands of the workers them-
selves, particularly since the early 1970s.

csO: 3400/195

73



A. Not on our part. And I haven't seen any sign here that these relations
have changed.

Q. Do you believe the military government's reasons for the takeover and its
aims have been well understood outside Nigeria, and here specifically?

A. From the Press reports I have read, it looks like the reasons for the
military takeover have not been properly understood. And I can understand
why people are sensitive about any change of government, and especially a
military government. A country like Kenya which has been running a political
democracy is bound to be disappointed. But this disappointment is also shared
by us.

Qur experience and experiment with democracy which was started in 1979 was
prepared over a period of three years, We debated the constitutional draft
for a whole year before the constitution was approved. After that the ban
on political activity was lifted and political parties were formed.

And they campaigned for one ‘year before elections were held, and we had a new
elected government. And many people were proud that we did this peacefully.

But the politicians became their own enemies. They started fighting with
each other for selfish reasons. They interfered with a lot of things that
should not have been interfered with. Favouritism, partly patronage was done
in a way that people lost confidence in our ability to hold the trust that was
given to us by the electorate.

For example the debts that people are talking about. How did we incur these
debts? The civilian government inherited a healthy balance in our foreign
reserves. And within four years all the foreign reserves had been drained.
We were owing $3 billion in short-term credits and another $3 billion in long-
term loans.

About $6 billion all together. How do you justify that? Now you find a lot
of prestige projects were being carried out, not because they were being
needed by the country, Because someone wanted to award the contract sd that
he can get his own cut out of it. As a result, reserves were drained, letters
of credit were issued without any regard for the reserves.

I am sure there were cases where officials in the Central Bank were threatened
by party officials for not approving letters of credits even though the money
was not there and they had been told it was not there.

They would say either you approve it or we will sack you. So they just gave
them paper. It came to a point where a government gives a cheque-and it
bounces. This is the most shameful that could happen to any country. So
this is what the politicians led us to. By the time the change of government
came everybody in Nigeria was asking for it.

If the change of government had not come, only God knows what would have hap-
pened in Nigeria. There would have been total anarchy in the country.

25



Government started to put
muscle behind industrial
decentralisation. But this
effort is still far from suffi-
cient to address the unem-
ployment and suffering in

¢ homelands.

It is significant that when
SA in 1976 came to actually
granting independence for ,

citizenship...”

This policy line, more
than anything else, is re-
sponsible for the fact that
no country, except the RSA,
has recognised the indepen-
dence of the homelands.

In spite of such pro-
nouncements there
always been a tendency in

the Transkei the consider- | National Party thinking not
ation of Western accep-' to regard homeland inde-
tance of this procedure took pendence as a goal in itself.
the back seat, Professor | Verwoerd, Mr John Vor-
John Dugard argues that if’ ster and Mr Botha all moot
SA had any hope to gain ed the idea of a “common-
international recognition. wealth”, “constellation” or

for an independent Trans-|
kei and the other which fol-
ries her it was'imperative
it Xhosa-speaking blacks i
living in the urban areas of |
SA should not lose their:
South African citizenship. |
However, by 1976 pet

g

in granting independence
was to eliminate "as many

icks as possible from citi-
zenship of SA. In the classic
exposition of this policy
goal — one which has not
yet been repudiated — Dr

mnie Mulder stated: “If
yor licy is taken to its
logical conclusion as far as
black le are concerned,
there will not be one black
man with South African

cso: 3400/194

haps the main aim of the |
South African Government |

“confederation” in which in-
dependent black states
would enter into an associ-
ation with the “white” state.

Behind this lay the idea
that once ethnic and consti-
tutional fragmentation of
the black ulation had
progressed far enough
whites would feel -
ciently secure to address
the problem of white-black

‘ power-sharing in a federal
‘ arrai

ement.
In the sj

fers, of “quali
lacks could somehow be

. treated as a separate entity.

How does the political
balance sheet of the home-
lands read today? From the
Government's point of view
the homeland policy can

91

hardly be regarded as an
unmitigated failure. Through
rigid influx controls and
massive relocation pro-

ammes (occuring at huge
fiman costs) the propor-
tion of blacks living in
homelands has risen from
40% in 1960 to 54% in 1980.

If one takes only the de
facto population of the in-
dependent homelands about»
a fifth of South African,
blacks has been denationa-°
lised and put out of the poli-
tical game. The economic
develo} it of. the home-
lands has been by and large
a failure: *

Some would say that the
R2,2 000-million (almost 9%
of the South African bud, ct)
spent on homelands in 198:
is a complete waste of mon-
ey, But is sum meets the

ernment’s political ob-
tives at not prohibit:
ive a cost, and it should be
remembered that in the
‘case of a homeland like Cis-
kei about 60% of the current
annual budget is “normal”
expenditure in that it goes
education, health, agri-
culture and industrial infra-
structure,
From the black point of

view the picture is complex.
The pass laws and dena

alisation policy, both tied to
the homelands, are among
the greatest grievances of
urban blacks.

Another major grievance
is the state’s woeful neglect
of urban infrastructure and
housing or Africans be-
cal of its preoccupation
with the homelands.

As far as homeland
blacks are concerned there
is obviously a difference be
tween the views of those liv-
ing in political hallucina-
tions like KwaNdebele or
Quaqua and more meaning-
ful entities like Transkei or
Kwazulu. It is nevertheless
interesting to note the find-
ings of the Buthelezi Com-
mission which indicated
that nearly half of the Kwa-
zulu ition saw some

itive value in the home-
ids provided they could
geek work freely in “white”

Whether the homelands
are building blocks or stum-
bling blocks in the search
fora new political accom-
modation between whites
and blacks is difficult to
say. One can only note that
the homelands have become
a fixture in the political
landscape of SA that cannot
be wished away.



HISTORY OF COUNTRY'S GOLD INDUSTRY REVIEWED; FUTURE PROJECTED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 25 Oct 84 pill

[Article by Cameron Duodu]

{Text}

'GHANAIAN newspa-

pers occasionally pub-
ish letters from read-
ers asking that the
country should return
to the pre-indepen-
dence name of Gold
Coast, because the
name Ghana has
brought “economic
hardship” on the peo-
ple.

Although Gold Coast will
not appear on the maps
again, an attempt is being
made to revive the industry
which inspired the name.

Ghanaians mined gold for
centuries before the arrival
of the Portuguese in the
15th Century. Gold was ex-
ported to North Africa, and

om there to Europe.

What the Portuguese, the
Danes and the British saw,
when they began to trade in
earnest in West Africa, was
enough to justify the name
which was to distinguish the
tiny West African country
from such neighbours as the
Ivory Coast.

Organised gold mines
were established at the end
of the 19th Century, mainly
in the Ashanti region.

The mines were owned
expatriate companies until

ithe late 1960s, when the gov-
ernment of the late Dr,

Kwame Nkrumah —
Ghana’s first President —
acquired some of them to
revent them being flooded
companies which no
longer regarded them as
viable.

The only mine which re-
mained in private owner-
ship was Ashanti Goldfields
Corporation, whose mine at
Obuasi had a reputation as
the “single richest gold

‘mine in the world”.

The Ghana Government
acquired a 55% majority
shareholding in it in 1972
and currently runs the mine
in partnership with the Lon-
don-based company Lonrho,
which owns 45% of the
shares.

During the late 1970s and
carly 1980s, Ghana’s gold
Pr luction fell drastically:
irom 970 000 fine ounces
1960 to 300.000 ounces last
year. :

Years of mining had ex-
hausted most of the ore re-
serv@s, but that was not the
only reason for the fall in
output. .

A. chronic. shortage of
foreign exchange meant
that unserviceable machin-

ery could not be replaced, '

nor new equipment import-

ed to dig up deeper ores -

which could not be reached
by the existing plant.
A further reason for the

fall in output was inflation. -

Although the official ex-
change rate of the Ghanaian
currency — the cedi — was
2,75 to one American dollar,
the dollar was exchanging
hands on fhe black market
year for anything w
40 times its official value, a
more accurate reflection of
the costs of operating busi-

nesses in Ghana.

Yet the government

GHANA



SUCCESS OF WORK BOYCOTT REPORTED

SOUTH AFRICA

Ninety-five Percent Effective

Johannesburg THE STAR REVIEW in English 10 Nov 84 pp 1, 2

[Article by David Braun]

[Text]

[TERE has been much concern in several quar-
ters over the mass stayaway of up to 95 percent
of black workers in certain industries for two days
this week. +

For employers there was the loss of production
and the worry of future, similar campaigns at 2
critical phase of the economic cycle.

The Government is faced with its long-held fear
that the successful collective boycott of black la-
bour can strike effectively at thesoft underbelly cf
the South African State — the economy, which is so
dependent on its unskilled labour. \

And for the workers involved there is \the real
threat that if-they stay away again they face losing
jobs, pensions and other employment benefits, at a
time of high unemployment in most economic sec-
tors. The sacking of 6 000 Sasol workers who failed
to defy the stayaway demand underscrores this
danger.

For South Africa the stayaway — with its ac-
companying violence, arson, looting and the death
of more than 20 people — heralds a futher danger-
ous move towards the destabilisation of society.

‘The boycott was co-ordinated mainly by the
Transvaal Regional Stayaway Committee (TRSC)
representing a number of trade unions, the United
Democratic Front and the Congress of South Afri-
can Students.

Its aim was to protest against Government re-
sponse to recent student, civic and worker griev-
ances, “to shake the Government into answering
‘student and worker demands”.

‘According to TRSC chairman Mr Thami Mali,
the boycott was an overwhelming success.

“Our duty is to step up resistance and create an
ungovernable situation and force the State to de-
clare some of the area as liberated zones,” he
is reported to have said. ’

8

74

Strong language of this kind is certain to provoke
tough reaction from the authorities, but privately,
senior Government sources are worried.

The problem facing the Government is that
clearly what it considers to be major and maxi-
mum concessions already given to students and
workers are not enough to prevent the further poli-
ticisation of the labour force. -

The Government has been given little credit for
its liberal labour laws and recent concessions to
school pupils, including the relaxation of age limits,
the introduction of democratic student representa-
tive councils and strict guidelines on corporal pun-
ishment.

There is an increasing sense of urgency, now that
the cabinet committee investigating the accommo-
dation of urban blacks in the political system must
come up with something good and fast.

But at the same time there is also the senti-
ment that workers should unite to prevent further
intimidation and exploitation for ulterior political
purposes.

Manpower Minister Mr Pietie du Plessis
summed up this view when he told The Star that
workers should unite to “sweep away these trouble-
makers.”

“The fact that there has been such widespread
intimidation and victimisation to force people to
stay away from work proves that certain revolu-
tionary and political cowboys do not have the popu-
Jar support they claim.

“Often the people involved in intimidation have
not had the best interest of the workers at heart.
They have on the contrary caused heavy and wide~

' spread suffering and may have endangered the
! livelyhood, pension and sick fund benefits and edu-
: cation of thousands of people,” he said.



SOUTH AFRICA

COAL OWNERS CHIEF ‘QUIETLY OPTIMISTIC’
Johannesburg MINING WEEK in English 24 Oct 84 pp 1, 2

[Text] THE outlook for the coal industry in 1985 is "quietly optimistic,"
the managing director of the Transvaal Coal Owners' Association, Mr Les
Weiss, told Mining Week.

"Steel production in Japan looks as though it will increase four to five per-
cent this year and we expect this trend to continue into the next fiscal year,"
he said.

“Japan is committed to a number of coal supply contracts for next year and .
also has several of its own mining investments in Australia and Canada coming
on stream, which will mean that the country probably has more metallurgical coal
than it needs.

“However, the tonnage exported to Japan from South Africa is relatively small--
about three percent of its total imports--and it is likely that, if cutbacks
are necessary, Japan will negotiate them with its larger suppliers.

"South Africa, in fact, can look forward to slightly improved prices."

Turning to steam coal, Mr Weiss said there had been a worldwide increase in
demands for electrical power but a number of factors mitigated against any
dramatic price increase.

Firstly, he said, the coalminers' strike which had been anticipated in the
US for some 18 months had failed to occur last month as expected, with the
result that both US and Japanese users had larger stockpiles than they would
normally require.

"Consequently, US producers are likely to enter the export market.

“Their capacity to penetrate to any large degree will be limited by their high
operating costs.

"Many US collieries are still small concerns and not many of these will be

able to afford the 10 to 15 US dollars price cutback necessary to bring them
to a competitive level," Mr Weiss said.

80



However, I. want to state thatas ‘a résult of the constant ‘actions of our
troops, we can confirm that since July’of this yéar there has not been
‘any ambush action on’ the Saurimo-Cuango section, that is, a 300-kilometer
stretch. On the other hand, ‘another characteristic of the actions is the
kidnapping of foreigners, as we remember Cafunfo.

We Are Upgrading the ‘Training of our Troops

You ask me what objectives the enemy is seeking to achieve? “Well, from the
strategic point of view, we know what UNITA is seeking. ‘I would go further:
UNITA being a counterrevolutionary group substantially supported by certain
imperialist powers, we clearly conclude that its main objective is to |
overthrow the revolutionary government of the People's Republic of Angola
and of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola/Workers Party
(MPLA/PT). oe ; ‘ _ . ~

Naturally; to achieve that strategic” objective, “it ‘necessarily has to achieve
its tactical plans from the’ diplomatic, political and military point of
view and including the economic destabilization of the country.

Well, the territory of the 10th Military Region includes the provincés of
South Lunda and North Lunda.’ We know perfectly well that in Angola we
have three essential sources of foreign exchange: oil, coffeé and diamonds,
Where are the diamonds? In North Lunda, naturally. So, it seeks to
strangle, paralyze, diamond exploitation and production. For: that very
reason, it exerts efforts in that regard at the same time, that it seeks to
strangle the Malanje-Saurimo-Luena supply routé. At this stage, the
supplying of the troops and population of Moxico necessarily passes through
the territory of South Lunda and‘for that reason we see thé attacks on our
road columns and the attempt to destroy the most, important bridges on those
routes which I mentioned. Therefore, along with striking at the diamonds,
the domination or control of Moxico Province is of ‘utmost importance’ to
UNITA, from the military viewpoint’, ‘Thus, any action it carries out in
the 10th region has repercussions in‘Moxico Province which it seeks to a
isolate, to ‘complétely impede or block’ the logistic “supplying of oir
troops; “ : a ee a ,
[Question] Of the provinces that comprise the 10th region, where is the
enemy's action most intense and how is it being combatted? _

[Answer] If you noticed, I made it understood that UNITA seeks to paralyze
diamond operations at ‘the ‘same ‘time that it seeks to strangle thé main
supply route that connects Malanje-South ‘Lundd-Moxico. In this latter
case, the province of South Lunda occupies a very important, geographic—
military position for the other provinces. ee .

That is ‘why from 1982 until the first half of 1984,’ the enemy's actions,

his main efforts were made’ ‘in South Lunda Prévince with emphasis on the

destruction of the most important bridgés and ambushes against road’

columns. Fortunately, that situation has been overcome as the bridges are

well garrisoned since their reconstruction,



ZAMBIA

GEM DIGGERS FLOOD CHOMA
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 4 Nov 84 p7

[Text] MANY Zambian "freelance geologists" are flocking to Choma in the
Southern Province where they have discovered semi-precious stones, Minister
of Mines Mr Basil Kabwe said in Lusaka yesterday.

There were many applicants to him for mining of the stones in the area from
local people--among them a chief.

He was commenting on reports from Jusuku area residents that foreigners had
started mining tin there illegally.

Mr Kabwe said there had been a lot of interest expressed by many people to
carry out mining operations around Choma.

“We have received many applications from Zambians including one of the local.
chiefs to mine tin and other minerals in the area," Mr Kabwe said.

The ministry had not yet dealt with the applications which had just been
pouring in.

But Mr Kabwe said there were some companies which had been given licences to
mine tin. The minister said new applicants also wanted to mine amethyst.

“There are many free-lance geologists these days who go around to look for
precious stones. They bring many kinds of stones to the ministry and ask
whether they were precious or not," he said.

The "freelance" geologists have also moved to the Northern Province along the
Chambishi River where they were searching for "stones".

The minister appealed to Zambians to form cooperatives to mine precious and
semi-precious stones,

But he warned Zambians against being used by foreigners to get mining licenses.
"The trouble is that some Zambians are not honest in their applications for min-
ing licences," he said. It was difficult to refuse giving a Zambian a mining
licence on suspicion of being used by aliens. It became difficult to prove
that, he said.

csO: 3400/191
108



WHITE FOREMEN OBSTRUCT ADVANCEMENT OF BLACKS

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 11 Nov 84 p 9

[Article by Angus Macmillan]

{Text ]

CSO:

THE clash between
white foremen and as-
pirant black workers is
one of the biggest bar-
riers to black advance-
ment in industry.

Lack of training is prob-
lem No 1, but black-white
confrontation fills second

, Says John Burns, execu-
tive director of the Man-
ower and Management

“He pinpoints retraining of

inpoints retraining o!
white managers and fore-
men, and an assurance
employers that their jobs are
not threatened, as essential
steps to defuse tension.

Group Areas

Dr Burns says: “Whites
who impede this process do
not belong in their particular

ions.

“Although the Group Areas
Act is the most comprehen-
sive stumbling block for
black advancement, it is not
one which industry can over-

come.

“It all but prevents devel-
opment of black managers
because no company is en-
couraged to advance staff
who are geographically stat-

3400/194

ic. Few, if any, of the laws
that have been changed have
encouraged the private sec-
tor to advance blacks.”

Dr Burns bases much of his
argument on the inadequacy
of basic education for blacks
and gives some figures on the
lack of education of South Af-
Tica’s economically active
population.

Vary

According to Central Sta-
tistical Services, there were
6 030 000 economically active
blacks in SA and the national
states in June this year.

It estimates the total black
population at 18 255 000, of
whom 22225000 — 66% —
are not economically active.

Various government and

rivate organisations give
ifferent numbers of the eco-
nomically active population.

Twice as high

Dr Burns quotes 11-million
as the total economically ac-
tive population — including
the other population groups
— and says 30% of these
pe have no education, 36%

ve only completed prima-
ry school, and 4-million in the
work force are rate,

Central Statistical Ser-

78

vices puts black unemploy-
ment in June at 488 000. This
figure is only 5 000 up on June

, 1983 and 0,5% down as a per-

centage of economically ac-
tive blacks.

The Cape Town-based
Southern African Labour and

* Development Research Unit

says the figure is more like 2-
illion.

‘The University of South Af-
rica’s Nic Wiehahn talks of a
percentage about twice as

igh as the Government's 8%

estimate.

Unlike Britain or the Unit-
ed States where unemploy-
ment figures are reasonably
accurate, South Africa's fig-
ures are always question-
able.

Unemployment benefit
payments do not reflect the
number of jobless workers as-
many do not register. Unem-
ployment statistics in rural
areas and the national states
are often way off the mark.

Surveys

Central Statistic# Ser-
vices draws its information
from monthly population sur-
veys. Its quarterly releases
provide comparative figures

ick to January 1980.

The latest release, whether I

its figures are accurate or

SOUTH AFRICA

not, gives an indication of the

effects of the recession in ru-
ral areas of the national
states.

It puts unemployment in
these areas at 18,1% in June,
the highest since June 1983.

Next worse off are blacks
in towns in the Cape who
average a 17,3% unemploy-
ment rate. Cape cities fare
worse than those in the other
provinces with black unem-
ployment above 12%.

Rights lost

Dr Burns adds an interest-
ing observation on black un-
employment and the effects
of drought and recession.

He says: “Being laid off is
devastating enough for
whites. For blacks it is often
the end of the line. Unem-
ployed whites can move
around the country job-hunt-
ing, but unemployed blacks
invariably lose their rights to
remain in the job market
area and are forced to return
to a homeland.”

It has been estimated that
by the year 2000, only one in
10 of SA’s work force will be
white and about 1-million
blacks will be in managerial
positions traditionally filled

xy whites.

Although most whites are
employed, about 50% of the
black population has yet to
enter the job market and will
comprise 80% of the labour
supply in the next 20 years.



ZCCM RECEIVES INTERNATIONAL FINANCING TO REHABILITATE MINING

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 2 Nov 84 p 1

[Text]

cso:

3400/191

ZAMBIA Consolidated Copper Mines (ZCCM)
has received about K600 million from inter-
national financiers to carry out a major
rehabilitation progamme of the mining

industry.

The programme, which
will involve replacement
of equipment, renova-
tion of plant and training,
will cover the whole
company and its subsi-
diaries.

The project is being

"financed by the World
Bank, European Eco-
nomic Community (EEC)
and the African Develop-
ment Bank (ADB).

Under the programme, 13
technical and social
studies are being done
by the company in
collaboration with inter-
national consultants and
will be completed by
early next year.

ZCCM chairman and chief
executive Mr Francis
Kaunda said yesterday
that these studies would
enable the company to
come up with a com-
prehensive _ irivestment
Programme aimed at

104

optimising production.
Consultants trom overseas,
Bechtel, are looking at
ZCCM’s _ metallurgical
operations, while those
from Fluor Engineers are
examining mining while
SRI International experts
are analysing the com-
any’s corporate plann-
ing, supply and services
management.

““} must point out that

under this programme,
the welfare of employees
will not be overlooked.
The Mineworkers Union
of Zambia will be fully
briefed on the outcome of
these studies and the
measures to be recom-
mended,”’ Mr Kaunda
said.

Because ‘of the nature ot —

the industry, it was
inevitable that the mines
would close eventually,
but this would happen
gradually,

ZAMBIA



ANTHROPOLOGIST SAYS WHITES ARE SHIFTING RIGHT

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 12 Nov 84 p 9

[Article by Jo-Anne Collinge]

{Text ]

The last year has seen a
groundswell shift to the right
in white politics, argues Wit-
watersrand University anthro-
pologist Dr David Webster.

The shift, he says, has New
Republic Party members lean-
ing and sometimes defecting to
the Nationalists and sections of
the Progressive Federal Party
moving into positions which
were comfortably occupied by
the NRP. .

This was the view he put this
weekend at the first annual
general meeting of the Johan-
nesburg Democratic . Action
Committee (JODAC).

JODAC is one of several or-
ganisations which have sprung
up -to accommodate white
South Africans to the left of
parliamentary parties.

Dr Webster said the PFP
had sold its dignity and legiti-
macy by participating in the
tricameral Parliament after
campaigning against it.

He warned that changes
under the new constitution
were far more than just'a layer
of powder on apartheid’s ugly

CSO: 3400/194

face.

Faced in recent years with
the erosion of NP support in
the Free State and Transvaal,
the then Prime Minister, Mr
P W Botha, had tried to form a
new power bloc encompassing
white English-speakers and
members of coloured and In-

_dian groups, he said.

“It’s a different kind of
apartheid,” said Dr Webster.
“Let’s not fool ourselves.”

, Against this, he asked, what
was the purpose of a white left

_organisation which could not

hope to mobilise mass support?

‘At the most obvious level it
provided an identity and sense
of unity for individuals in the
white community committed to
the struggle for majority rule,
said Dr Webster.

JODAC was an attempt to
draw together many levels of
the white left, pool knowledge
and skills and guard members
against isolation and State at-
tacks.

The white left was often ac-
cused of being out of touch
with reality, he said. “We are
out of touch with white South

89

SOUTH AFRICA

Africa but we are in touch with
what is going on forthe majori-
ty of South Africans.”

More broadly, organisations
such as JODAC found meaning
in alliances with like-minded
groups, he said. Affiliation to

the United Democratic Front

had been an obvious move.
Although the committee was
overwhelmingly white, it could
be seen as an organic part of
the UDF, argued Dr Webster.
“The fact is, we are working
in a non-racial and progressive
way,” he said. .
Among JODAC’s more sig-
nificant organisational links
was with the End Conscription
Campaign, he said.
This campaign came at a
time when people were begin-
ning to realise they might end

‘up policing their township

neighbours.

Dr Webster said that like
‘other groups, white democrats
had paid a price through State
detentions and bannings, and
being the victims of politically
motivated vandalisni.

“But the price we are paying
is oné we willingly pay.” -



and is determined to take
the policy to its final con-
clusion, a course he ac-
cuses the NP of having
abandoned.

But Dr Welgemoed sees the
CP campaign as based
strongly on an anti-black
sentiment.

He says he has been sick-
ened by some of the
“scandal stories” spread
by the CP in the constitu-
ency, but refuses to be
drawn into a racial de-
bate with the CP other
than to stress the NP’s
commitment to main-
taining white self deter-
mination in matters af-
fecting their lives.

In spite of Mr Pienaar’s at-
titude, the CP is clearly
relying heavily on racial

issues as the mainstay of
its campaign.

The party's election propo-
ganda iGheavily weighted
with “evidence” of how
the NP is supporting and
even encouraging inter-
gration, particularly in
“white” residential areas.

There are pictures and ari-
cles of blacks “swamp-
ing” whites in parks, on
trains and in “white” city
areas, and articles imply-
ing anti-white attutudes
of the coloured and
Indian Cabinet Minister's,
the Rev Allan Hendrickse
and Mr Amichand Raj-
bansi, and an “exposé” of
a black Mozambican dip-
lomat living in a “white”
suburb of Germiston.

Ironically he is permit,

to live in a “white”
area under a law piloted
through Parliament in
1952 by the NP under one
of the CP’s gurus, Dr DF

Malan).
Many of the NP’s obvious
problems in countering
ie CP campaign stem
from what a number of
the Nationalist’s critics
have warned would hap-
pen when the apartheid
chickens came to roost.
The NP, in trying to move
away from years of
stricily enforced racial
divisions, is finding it in-
creasingly difficult to
take its followers with it,
ticularly in an area
e Primrose,
’ The apartheid bushveld is
dry. It is an easy task for
, the CP to move around
dropping lighted match-
es.

Itis far more difficult to put
out the fires.
(Report by Chris Freimond,
171 Main Street, Johannes-
burg).

Editorial on By-Election
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 9 Nov 84 p 8
[Editorial: "We Say: Out With It All"]

[Text]

T= most astonishing thing about the sala-

Ties, pensions and gratuities row between
the National Party and the Conservative Par-
ty in the Primrose by-election is that there is
‘any kind of at all. In any democratic
society — and South Africa is sup) to be
democratic, at least for whites, coloureds and
Indians — all this information would be public
knowledge published annually in the Budget’s
estimates of expenditure. -

‘But no. Ever since the Government decided
to hide the salaries, pensions and other finan-
cial benefits politicians vote for themselves
every ee, in complicated formulae and fig-
ures, the taxpayer, who foots the bill and to
whom the Government is sup to be held
accountable, has been left in the dark. Expedi-
ency is the reason — to minimise embarrass-
ing questions by way of a clever device.

‘Now some of the participants have fallen
. out. As a result we have the unsavoury public
squabble about who gets what. The CP claims
the State President was paid almost R250 000
as a cash gratuity for his services as Prime
Minister after the constitutional switch-over.
The NP’s Transvaal leader and Minister of
Home Affairs, Mr F W de Klerk, has coun-
tered by revealing what the CP leaders — and

57

_ they left the

- his former comrades in the Cabinet — re-

ceived by fray of gratuities and pensions when

binet and the Party. The State
President, he said, had also turned down a
R78 000 annual pension to which he was enti-
Hed as part of the Prime Minister’s package
deal.

Unsavoury the spectacle might be, but
nevertheless it is a teaithy one. Tonpoets for
the first time hitherto secret information.

We say: out with it. The voter has the demo-
cratic right to know all, every little detail. We
are not saying politicians should not be ade-
quately paid for their services. Some of them
work extremely hard and have forfeited lu-
crative positions to be of service to their
country.

But what we do say is that voters should be
able to decide for themselves whether or not
they approve the amounts which politicians
decide to pay themselves. Some may not be
too happy about the large sums of money
which, it is transpiring, have been passed
ar

It is also worth noting that, up to this point,
we are dealing only with payments involving
five politicians, Heaven knows what the total
will amount to if all is revealed.



has been devoted without reservation to this goal up till now. The names of
(A. Nzul),(M. Kotane), J. Marks , Yu. Dadoo, and other leaders of our
party have been enshrined forever in the history of the national liberation
movement in South Africa-- the history of the struggle of the working class
and all workers.

"people, who are prepared to sacrifice unselfishly the very dearest thing
and to meet the greatest danger face to face, have always been in the ranks
of the communist party during the struggle for freedom and: equal rights for
everyone." These words of our comrade (Bram Fisher), which were spoken in a
racist court, can rightfully be applied to this man himself. Coming from a
family that belonged to the ruling class, he selected the path of justice
and struggle. Comrade (Fisher) was sentenced to life imprisonment and died
in jail, having spent nine years in torture chambers. Natalya . Johannes
Nkosi , a veteran of the trade union movement and a party organization
secretary, was wounded during a protest demonstration in 1930 and was sub-
sequently tortured by the police. (Linda Dzhubane) a young communist member
of ‘“Umkhonto we siswe fell in battle 50 years ago. He defended himself [sic]
until the last bullet in Soweto.

It is impossible to list all of the patriots who gave their life for the just
cause. In the history of our party and people, they -- young and old, men

and women, workers, peasants, the intelligentsia, Africans, and representatives
of other groups -- will always remain heroes who fought and perished for the
noble ideals of freedom and socialism. Their sacrifices were not in vain.
Today, new warriors are rising in place of the fallen ones.

During the present stage of our revolutionary struggle, the task is to unite
all the oppressed and all anti-racist forces in the ranks of the national
liberation movement, to raise the level of consciousness of the masses, to
strengthen their organizations, and to combine political demonstrations and
the strike and youth protest movement with the partisan struggle. The party
does not have its own armed detachments. We actively support "Umkhonto we
siswe" whose detachments are fighting under the common political leadership
of the African National Congress. There are communists among the fighters
and commanders.

Armed actions are a necessary instrument which we will use as long as the
racist regime replies to our demands with violence and tyranny. We are devoting
our main attention to the political struggle and to strengthening the unity

of the democratic anti-racist forces. Our party fully supports the establish-
ment of the United Democratic Front which includes organizations and individual
patriots. The range of its participants is broad -- from trade unions to
religious organizations.

However, the African working class always has been and remains the main motive
force in the struggle for the national and social liberation of South Africa.
It has been called upon to speak the decisive word in eliminating apartheid
and to free the people from all forms of social and national oppression.

53



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS
Wa AS tat pl de

LABOR SECRETARY VISTS RSA MINES--Aguiar Real Mazula, secretary of state “for
labor, yesterday toured mines near Johannesburg, in Sduth Africa, where
Mozambican miners work. According to AIM, Aguiar Mazula has been in
Johannesburg since Wednesday at the invitation of the South African Chamber
of Mines. The Mozambican Government has a delegation of the Secretariat of
State for Labor in South Africa, which gives, assistance to the “Mozambican
miners working in that neighboring, country, ‘Taeee] Maputo Domestic Service
in Portuguese 1030: GMT 16 Nov, 84 *B) ed : = :

SOVIET FISHING BOAT: né Joint Mozanbiq R dishing Enterprise, “MOSOPESCA,
yesterday morning, received er, fishing boat.» which. will inctease the
size of its fishing fleet. The ceremony was attended by..Tenreiro, de Almeida,
‘State for fisheriés, rand“ Yurly Sepelev, the Russi. ambassador
3 A nd ; al of 210
’ This. fishing boat is the se: “three units
The first-was delivered. at the. beginning of -this“year, and
the third wil be delivered at’ the‘ erid’ Of” ‘next year. The ‘boats which came
from the Soviet. Union,,. _brought with it a ‘gr fuantity of spare’ parts’ which
will be used in the maintenance =. OF | MOSO! ESCA fishing boats... [Text]. [Maputo
‘4 MB] * a

sere tye os

MAPUTO BANKER WANTS TRADE--Give peace a chance, says the Governor of the Re-
serve Bank ‘of Mozambique;’‘and Mozambique will be a fruitful investment area
and trading” “partner for South Africa. Mr Prakash Ratilal told Business Times
that Mozambique. had great. agricultural potential, as well as coal, gas and
possibly oil, It also had the closest port to the Northern and Eastern
Transvaal, ‘In addition,*it had tourist potential and South African interests
had examined Inhaca Talatid, the Polana Hotel and the Paradise Islands off
Beira; “SA chemical” intérests were looking at a 300 000 tons a year ammonia
plant for the gas field. .. All that was needed for the mutual benefit of SA
and Mozambique was peace.. The “apparatus” sustaining the "bandits" of the
MNR still-existed in-South Africa. He called on the SA Government to complete
the terms ‘of: the Nkomati-Accord by “dismantling” it. Mr Ratilal said Frelimo
was not Marxist, put ‘non-aligned. "We have friendly economic relations with
America, Britain and Russia. [Text] [By David Carte] [Johannesburg SUNDAY
TIMES in English 4 Nov 84 p 3]

CSO: 3400/205
15



South Africa does not shape its policy in order to please some other
country in the world. Rather, South Africa's domestic policy is carried
out on the basis of the unique situation existing there, in accordance
with the requirements and needs which we ourselves have defined. We
shall not permit outsiders to dictate to us how we must conduct our

own affairs.

[Question] Progress has been made in recent months concerning political
cooperation in southern Africa. Does your government plan concrete
steps in order to increase political stability in that région?

[Answer] It has always been our most ardent wish that South Africa
could live in peace and a state of mutual cooperation with its
neighboring countries.

For we are aware that our future, our well-being and our development
are inextricably tied to other countries in southern Africa.

It is also true that political stability is practically impossible
without security and economic development. Our attitude toward ~~
cooperation in our mutual interest with our neighbors has always
been emphasized by joint projects beyond our borders.

But economic stability is threatened, and economic development is
impossible, in an environment where security cannot be guaranteed.

In view of these requirements, South Africa has begun a policy of
cooperation in the area of security also with neighboring countries.

It has reached a high point, for instance, in the security agreements
with Mozambique and Swaziland. The commission which was established

as a consequence of the Pretoria Declaration of 3 October 1984, includes
delegations of the governments of Mozambique, South Africa and RENAMO
and is further proof of the South African desire to play a constructive
role in the attempt to attain peace and security on the subcontinent.

[Question] Are you of the opinion that the contacts with the various
black African states just mentioned are also capable of finding a
solution for Namibia?

[Answer] The solution of the South-West Africa/Namibia issue does not
depend entirely on South Africa; on the contrary, South Africa's attitude
toward South-West Africa is clear. The people of South-West Africa/Namibia
have to decide their own future. The statement is correct that contact
with various black African states, which we have had over a long period

of time and have strengthened in recent months, is very well capable

of speeding up a solution to the South-West Africa/Namibia question.

44



Often they have demonstrated their determination to achieve that freedom in a
non-violent and peaceful manner.

Tragically, the Government continues to reject that hand of peace and opts
for acts such as those we saw in Sebokeng and Sharpeville this week.

They only serve to alienate our people further and to compound the already
polarised situation,

Are they so blind to these realities?

CSO: 3400/194

48



BLOOM:

BUSINESS NOT GUILTLESS

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 8 Nov 84 p 4

[Article by Paul Bell]

[Text]

IT HAS become’ fashionable to
blame the nation’s poor economic
health on Government policy. and
overspending, says Mr Tony
Bloom.

He adds that on the political
front it must deal with black
leaders — including Nelson Man-
dela and Oliver Tambo — pro-
tided the ANC renounces vio-
lence.

The chairman of Premier Mill-
ing told a Wits Business School
award dinner this week that the

iy regarded salt simply a

ly regal sim as
the victim of Government policy,
had also been involved in the
management of the economy.

‘The private sector had not been
sufficiently introspective nor
critical of its role in economic
management and would have to
accept that it bore partial respon
sibility for the present parlous
state of affairs.

Mr Bloom said the private sec-
tor had been too:

@ Quick to overborrow to finance
expansion;
@ Inclined to lure customers —

often relatively unsophisticated
people — into dangerously high

cso: 3400/194

levels of debt they could ill afford;
@ Intent on promoting extrava-
gant lifestyles;

@ Lax about productivity,

@ Willing to tolerate sub-stan-
dard practices.

He said the private sector
would have to tighten its belt and
simultaneously raise standards if
the economy were to survive in
an increasingly competitive
world.

On the political front, Mr
Bloom said he had sensed a feel-
ing among his colleagues that the
wheels were, as he put it, falling
oft after the post-Nkomati eupho-

He criticised the Government’s
handling of the Durban consulate
affair as grossly inept, defying
prediction and explanation.

Blacks needed a signal that the

rocess of reform was soundly

Based and included them but
meaningful discussion would
have to take place outside the
constitutional structure.

Talking to coloured and Indian
parliamentarians — whose lack
of credibility was, he said, abys-
mal — or homeland leaders was
not enough.

Dialogue would need to em-

77

brace, at the very least, the So-
weto Committee of Ten and, al-
most certainly, leaders with the
black political credibility of poe-
ple like Nelson Mandela and Oli-
ver Tambo.

“It may well be that leaders
such as President Mangope of Bo-
phuthatswana, and KwaZulu’s
Chief Minister, Chief Gatsha
Buthelezi, should be included in
that dialogue, but their inclusion
should come at the behest of
blacks and not through the impo-
sition of a desire for homeland
recognition,” Mr Bloom said.

He made the proviso that talks
with the ANC leadership should
be contingent on the movement’s
renunciation of violence as an in-
strument of policy.

He said that talking to the ANC
was a matter of when, not if.

Mr Bloom referred to five oth-
er areas which needed urgent at-
tention and reform — education,
the citizenship issue, influx con-
trol, forced removals and deten-
tion without trial.

He said he knew he was consid-
ered to be on the “lunatic left” of
the business establishment but
pointed out that what was consid-
ered radical 15 years ago was
now political reality.



This would enable the Polisario to make a fresh goodwill gesture on a provis~
ional basis. This, of course, implies Rabat's agreement to direct talks on
a cease-fire, But are the Saharans prepared for this fresh gesture? That is
the second question.

These are a few questions on the agenda of the leaders of an Africa deep in
crisis, an Africa ravaged by the drought and threatened by starvation. At a
time when the continent is going even deeper every day into the economic
crisis and when 150 million Africans are threatened by the spectre of famine,
the current political issues might once again prevail over the OAU deliber-
ations, These problems, which have threatened the very existence of the OAU
since 1982, have diverted it from its primary task, namely the mobilization
of all energies in order to get the continent out of poverty and underdevelop-
ment. 2 Whe hoe i

These political issues have also diverted attention from the Namibian inde-
pendence problem and the eradication of apartheid in South Africa. The OAU
has witnessed the southern African diplomatic play almost like a spectator.
The major actors in that play are South Africa, Mozambique, and Angola, but
also Washington. However, it would be wrong for Africans ‘to bury the OAU.

In spite of all its shortcomings, the OAU remains a beacon which would be
worth creating if it did not exist. In view of their sizes, their economic
and financial weaknesses, no single African state can individually carry much
weight on the international front. . It would simply be dwarf. among giants. ©

So, in spite of the bitterness aroused over the OAU being set adrift, ‘it Is
necessary to leave’no stone unturned to: save. this ultimate bulwark’ which
protects us from division and disunity ‘and which can lead to new attempts at
recolonizing our continent. We must avoid the OAU becoming: a ring where
heads of state fight while the African people are spectators. _ The-OAU must
exist and must be consolidated even: if it will’only serve as a formal frame-
work for discussions and for. attempts ‘to harmonize viewpoints, .

cso: 3419/132

10



In trying to destabilize the situation on the subcontinent in order to prevent
progressive changes there, Pretoria with the help of the United States is
using different methods -- from diplomatic to military ones, including large
scale aggressions against Angola. Practically all "front-line states" have
become to some degree or other victims of the racists' armed provocations.
Subversive activity, in which dissident groups and openly bandit groups are
being more and more involved, is being intensified against them. The U. S.
Central Intelligence Agency and the regime's special services have taken upon
themselves their equipping, training, and general direction. The UNITA
organization of Angola counterrevolutionaries is being maintained by them,
for example.

The situation, which has taken shape in the south of Africa, poses extremely
difficult and multi-plan tasks for the national liberation and revolutionary
movements in our country, They are defined by the very nature of our revolut—
donary struggle, by the distinctive features of the specific historical situa-
tion, by the direct interference of U. S. imperialism on the side of the
racist regime, and by the close and exceptionally complicated interlacing of
national and class items. Under these conditions, an accurate and scientific—
ally sound analysis of the situation and the arrangement of forces and a
determination of the primary and decisive directions in the struggle have a
fundamentally important significance in the development of strategic and
tactical aims. It is possible to do this only on the basis of a Marxist-
Leninist methodology. The South African Communist Party (SACP) -- the first
Marxist-Leninist party on the African continent -- is guided by this method-
ology. The SACP program says that South Africa is a special type of colony
where "the white nation, which is doing the oppressing, occupies the same
territory as the people who are being oppressed; and lives side by side with
them", However, their interrelationships are the relations between colonial-
ists and a colonial people in light of the laws and practices of apartheid.
Liberation from "internal colonialism" can occur only by means of a national
democratic revolution. This revolution is aimed at overthrowing the minority
regime and breaking up its political system. It has also been called upon

to solve the tasks which are connected with preparing for the shift from
capitalism to socialism, In other words, waging the struggle for socialism
during the present stage of development means struggling against racism and
national oppression.

Infinite devotion to the cause of liberation and the courage and heroism of

its members have won for our party solid authority and respect. Representatives
of different nationalities have joined together in its ranks. By consistently
defending the fundamental interests of the workers and by coming out in favor
of a democratic republic under the power of the majority, the party has acquired
amass base and the support of the proletariat, peasants and intelligentsia

who form the overwhelming majority of the population in our country. The
colonialists and racists have taken from them land and political and social
rights, even the right to an existence worthy of man.

Our Marxist-Leninist party has always been a political organization in South

Africa demanding the complete destruction of the system of racial superiority
and privileges. The entire activity and struggle of South Africancommunists

52



Coal Owners Chief 'Quietly Optimistic!
(MINING WEEK, 24 Oct 3) ee

Cost of Food Hitting Blacks Hard Survey Shows
(Patrick Laurence; RAND DAILY MAIL, 13 Nov 84)..........

Aggravated Job Crisis Situation Described
(Angus Macmillan; SUNDAY TIMES, 11 Nov (2)

"Black Boom' for Durban Forecast
(THE STAR, 6 Nov BA) cece eee e cece cee c ee ececaceeceabecsceas

Marais Report 'Spells Doom for the Bushmen!
(Tony Weaver; RAND DAILY MAIL, 6 Nov [2

Coloureds Push Ahead in Own Affairs Posts
(Norman West; SUNDAY TIMES, 11 Nov 84)......2.

Afrikaner Vokswag Seeks To Shed Neo-Nazi Image
(Andrew Beattie; THE STAR, 12 Nov 84).......

Anthropologist Says Whites Are Shifting Right
(Jo-Anne Collinge; THE STAR, 12 Nov 84)...

Verwoerd's Apartheid Dream Examined
(Herman Giliomee; RAND DAILY MAIL, 6 Nov 84) cece eeceeee

Scrapping of Influx Control Urged
(Zac de Beer; THE SUNDAY STAR, 11 Nov B4) cece cece eens

Mintek President: RSA Wastes Its Chrome Potential
(Val Pienaar; MINING WEEK, 24 Oct 84)...cccescscscecececcees

"Ixemendous Future' for Platinum Forecast
(Val Pienaar; MINING WEEK, 24 Oct 0/9

Midrand: New High-Tech Commercial Township
(Mervyn Harris; RAND DAILY MAIL, 2 Nov BA) ect c cece eee

Details on SATS' Service, Equipment Given
(Kashvina Jaga; THE STAR, 6 Noy 84)...eccsescsccccecceeccees

Briefs
Matimba Contract
Aid for Illiterate
GEC Traction
Palaborwa Mining
Unrest Hits Recruitment
Identity Books
De Hoop Testing
Low Lanasia Poll TIC 'Victory'

-d-

80

82

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

92

94

96

98

99

100
100
100
100
101
101
101
102



they left, they told me with a youthful enthusiasm that they were "returning
to the people’.

Who are these men who admit, even claim, to be revolutionaries?
Infiltrated

Mr Mali has the credentials, and very African they are too. Five years on
the Island for harbouring terrorists. He gave shelter to two ANC men who
had infiltrated the South African Police in the Seventies and he was put away
for it. They got 20 years.

Mr Thusi has been in and out of detention-~once after helping organise a ser-
vice to erect a commemoration stone at the grave of executed ANC guerrilla
Solomon Mahlangu.

Mr Mali says it quite frankly: "Our intention is to make this country un-
governable."

It was like undergraduate bravado. Mr Mali sometimes sounded like a bad movie
script, all that talk of the masses and the will of the people and bringing
Mr Louis le Grange, Minister of Law and Order "to his senses".

But I had to take these two men seriously, Mr Mali in his blue track suit with
the natty red trimmings and his trendy glasses, Mr Thusi in his simple checked
Cassidy shirt that looked borrowed. South African revolutionaries don't wear
fatigues and berets nor do they smoke cigars. (Mr Mali smokes Periliys. Mr
Thusi smokes other people's.)

Mr Mali has a matric and a teacher's certificate through his politics makes
him, as he puts it, “unemployed and highly unemployable". Mr Thusi has the
same problem, made worse by his limited education.

They live off handouts from their "comrades" and friends.

[Portion omitted] of an appeal against conviction and a five-year sentence
for furthering the aims of the ANC.

These are formidable men. But anyone who wishes to see here the agitator, the
instigator, the intimidator, forget it. I'm sorry, but the Thami Mali and
Siphiwe Thusi I met this week couldn't, no matter how much they might want to,
agitate, instigate or intimidate 6 000 Sasol workers to make the sacrifice
they did this week.

The Sasol workers are mostly migrants, live in hostels and therefore control
their own “picket line’. These two city men are disqualified by their dress
and accents from telling them what to do.

And that goes for their relationship with tens of thousands of other workers
on the East Rand and in the Vaal Triangle who stayed away on Monday and Tues-
day in the biggest political strike since the weapon was first used by Nelson
Mandela in 1950.

69



NIGERIA

AMBASSADOR TO KENYA GIVES VIEW OF ECONOMY
Nairobi SUNDAY NATION in English 23 Sep 84 p 5

{Interview with Ambassador to Kenya Dr Mohmoud Yahya by foreign editor Ben
Omoro recently, date and place not given]

[Text] Q, Dr Yahya can you outline your career briefly for us?

A. I started in the fireign service in 1964. My first posting was in Bonn,
West Germany. I was there for 2-1/2 years before going to the Soviet Union
and then to Canada. Then I was in Niger Republic, I was back again in
Russia. Then I went to London and back to West Germany as Consul-General
in 1979, and then to Paris as Minister Deputy Chief of Mission until I came
here as the High hommissioner of Nigeria to Kenya in August.

Q. Besides your normal diplomatic work here, do you have any special mission
or objective you seek to accomplish?

A.. Nothing.
Q. Do you want to leave behind any accomplishments?

A. I don't want to do anything that is outside my assignments. Whatever I

do her I see it as within the real framework of my assignments. So in private
or public life, I would like to see that I promote the interests of my country
and the friendship between Kenya and Nigeria. So this is the general frame-
work of my assignment. A diplomat’ is a diplomat whether in the office or
outside, ,

Q. In what areas do you expect to promote relations between Kenya and Nigeria?

A. My main concern now is the very low level of commercial interaction between
the two countries, It is really a pit that nothing is happening right now. I
want to see that we do as much as possible between our two governments to
promote trade and economic activities between the countries. That is what
matters as far as I am concerned. :

Q. It is a fact that Kenya and Nigeria were quite close during the tenure

of the now ousted President Shehu Shagari. Were the relations affected at all
by the takeover by the military government?

24



care about such things, suggesting
that maybe it would have been bet-
ter if the job had been done by
someone else.

This is not good enough. The PFP
has a vital role to play. It stands at
the vulnerable centre of our rapidly
polarising society and is the only
political party capable of maintain-
ing some degree of communication
and understanding across the wi-
dening gap.

If it fails to do that then it will be
failing South Africa and rendering
itself historically irrelevant.

An appropriate gesture after the
Sebokeng raid would have been for
Dr van Zyl Slabbert to fly immedia-
tely to the township and make con-
tact with community leaders there.

‘There is a body of men called the
Vaal Ministers’ Solidarity Commit-
tee who have assumed a role in the
triangle townships similar to that
which the Committee of Ten held in
Soweto in 1975. They are solid, sen-
sible men and it is soon evident to
any visitor that they are held in
high regard by ordinary members
of the community as well as by the
militant students. The Red Cross,
among others, is working through
them in bringing relief to the shat-
tered townships.

It would have been a gesture of
considerable importance to black-
white relations if Dr Slabbert, per-
haps accompanied by other PFP
leaders, had met with this commit-
tee in Sebokeng to hear its version
of events and express to it his
party's dissociation from the act of
mass intimidation to which the
community was subjected.

That is the kind of gesture that
can forge bonds of goodwill despite
policy differences. By the same
token, a silence that gives the im-
pression of indifference can cause
deep resentment. :

@ Allister Sparks, a former edi-
tor of the Rand Daily Mail, writes
this regular column and reports
for several overseas newspapers.

67



The Cabinet sub-committee has heard evidence from a range of establishment
leaders--self-governing homelands, independent homelands and black local
authorities,

Last week, for example, it solidified its standing with the leaders of the
self-governing homelands by suggesting permanent joint Cabinet committees
be established to liaise on common socio-political issues.

Rigid

The committee has also taken evidence from constitutional and political ex-
perts, community groups, the Urban Foundation, and other organisations in-
volved with black issues.

But now comes the hardest part--the debate with anti-establishment figures
who enjoy support in their communities, and whose contributions are critical
to the work of the sub-committee.

At this sensitive stage in the work of the Cabinet sub-committee, there ap-
pears a tacit acceptance that much of the work will initially have to be
done outside the rigid framework of the committee on a more person-to-person
basis.

Problem

The question of the right forum for the black constitutional debate to take
place has dogged the work of the Cabinet committee since its formation more
than a year ago.

When it was initially formed, prominent members of the committee felt it was

urgent for the black community itself to establish their own forums through
which they could give evidence to the Cabinet committee.

CSO: 3400/194

60



Namibia could not wait indefinitely for the requirements of SA and Swapo to
be met before independence could be granted.

“If the world can not accept that, then it is too bad," said the Chairman of
the DTA, Mr Dirk Mudge says there can be no implementation of Resolution 435
until the Cuban soldiers leave Angola," said SWA National Party delegate,

Mr Eben van Zijl.

On the other hand, Swapo maintained there could be no cessation of hostilities
until the United Nations independence blueprint for Namibia was implemented.

"Swapo and SA could carry on this dispute for another decade," Mr Van Z2ijl
said,

"The people of this country are entitled to tell SA or Swapo...that we will
not allow them to delay independence for this country any longer."

The MPC said national reconciliation was a prerequisite for peace and stabil-
ity.

To achieve that goal, the independence process as envisaged in Resolution 435
had to be reversed.

There was a need "to adopt a constitution for the independence of this
country before submitting the manifestos of the different parties to the elec~
torate for the exercise of their democratic right of choice," the MPC said in
the preamble to its resolution.

Asked whether peace was possible without Swapo's participation in the inde-
pendence process, MPC leaders said if the fighting continued after indepen-
dence the MPC would continue its peace efforts.

They referred to Mozambique and Angola as specific examples where negotiations
were initiated after independence to end hostilities.

CSO: 3400/197

17



THINK TANKS REPORTEDLY SET UP. TO RESTRUCTURE ECONOMY
Lagos CONCORD WEEKLY in English 5+12 Oct 84 pp 7-9

[Article by Sonni Anyang: - "Byhari Calis in the Experts"]
Y

[Text ] Sire it came to power, economic policy-

making for the Buhari administration
has been essentially what one newspaper
leader writer has described as a ‘fire
brigade exercise’. The contradictions in the
government's hastily- revised 1984 budget
and its obvious indecision’ over what to do
about Nigeria's external debts, bear out
this assertion. Mostly concerned as it-has
understandably been, with establishing its
legitimacy, the regime has -had. precious
little time’ left for reflecting on, ‘and
formulating. consistent and -thorough-
zoing policies for the country, © %<

Recent indications, however,-“are “that
the administration is:now ‘set to shred its
fire-fighters’ uniform ‘and settle down ‘to
serious policy-making. One such indication
is the recent establishment by the Federal
Military Government, “of ‘seven study
groups to examine “various aspects of the
administration's activities to facilitate, in
the short and long’ term, ‘the procéss of a
continuing review of its’ policies . and
programmes in the’ light’ of changing
cifcumstances and the requirements of the
nation”. oe .

Made up of what the government
statement described as. ‘experts’, the study
groups have been given specific terms of
reference and.are expected to submit their
findings and recommendations to the
government ‘not later than 3lst’ October,
1984. ‘The areas to be covered by the study
groups are: "

Financial management - Chairman:
Chief $.0. Adebo; (CFR); « ‘

. Customs and Smuggling - Chairman:
Albaji Yahaya Gusaus)

- Problems of Commercialisation. Pro-
fitability and efficiency in statutory
corporations and government-owned
corporations - Chairman: Mr Ali Al-
Haki

34

Maintenance of public ‘institutions.

-especially -electricity, telephones, water,

public buildings, etc. - Chairman: Mr M.
T.”Usman

“ Industrial Policy - Chairman: Chief
C.O. Ogunbanjo (OFR)

Food: Production - Chairman: Dr

T.S.B. Aribisala; and °

. Funding Education - Chairman: Profes-
sor Babs Fafunwa ;

Although the Cabinet Office statemeiit
that announced the establishment of the
study groups did not say so explicitly, it

. would appear that in setting up the panels,

the government has ‘taken a crucial first
stép towards evolving its basic policies for
the future. It is to be expécted therefore
that some of the study group’s findings and
recommendations will find their way not
only into the next (1985) annual budget,
but also into ‘the tiext development plan
which, if the ‘five-year planning period is
followed, ought'to come into effect in 1986.

The choice of areas to be studied is also
indicative of the policy priorities of the
government; priorities which appear to
have been’shaped by recent events in the
country. The on-going probes into and
scandalous revelations about’ the ‘conduct
of public financial affairs for instance,
suggest that'there are, in this area, serious
lapses that need to bé urgently remedied;
hence the selection of financial manage-
ment as one of the areas to be studied by
one of the panels.

The country’s recent experience’ with
Smuggling and the activities of the Customs
Department also make it necessary that the
government take a special lobk at: that
area! “ 5

Smugglers and traffickers

In particular, the persistence of smug-
gling and currency trafficking in spite of
the closure of land borders since April and

NIGERIA



To be among the workers, to insure the leading role of the working class in

the South African revolution, to attach purposefulness, organization and
conscientiousness to its demonstrations -~ this is where our party sees its

duty and its primary task. In order to solve it successfully, it is important i
today to unite the trade unions in the interest of the cause of national libera~
tion, to raise their militancy, and to see to it that the peasants and other
layers of society become reliable allies of the proletariat. The historical
experience of the international communist and worker movement is reflected

in the tactical goals of the South African Communist Party. In strengthening
the party and the unity of the workers in every way possible, we are guided

by the well-known Leninist proposition that has been repeatedly confirmed in
practice: "The proletariat has no other weapon in the struggle for power
except organization",

South African communists are devoting the most intense attention to the theor-

etical understanding of the nature of our revolution and cherish the ideological ‘
purity of Marxism-Leninism as the apple of their eye. We will always remember

V. I. Lenin's thesis that only a party, which has mastered progressive theory,

can assume the role of the vanguard for itself. Our party relies on the well

known Marxist proposition that scientific theory can become an effective
revolutionary force only when it has been mastered by the masses,

Under deep underground conditions where profascist laws operate in the country |
in the spirit of a notorious "law on suppressing communism", our party is |
performing relentless work to publicize the ideas of scientific socialism. ;
AFRICAN COMMUNIST, the journal of the South African Communist Party, has become

the leading Marxist-Leninist publication not only in South Africa but also on

the continent. The party has published and distributed within the country

many works by the classic writers of Marxism-Leninism, including the "Manifesto

of the Communist Party" by K. Marx and F. Engels and "Leftwing Communism, and
Infantile Disorder" by V. I, Lenin, translated into African languages. The

political decisions of the party and its appraisals of events, that are occurr-

ing, are relayed to the population through the (CINKULULEKO) (FREEDOM) newspaper

and with the help of leaflets that are disseminated illegally in factories,

housing areas and trade centers.

Our struggle against the ideologies and practices of racism and reaction are
inseparably linked with the struggle against world imperialism and for peace
and the happiness and bright future of all humanity.

The South African Communist Party is a proletarian internationalist party.

As one of the detachments of the international communist movement, it carries
high the banner of proletarian internationalism in South Africa-- the citadel
of racism and apartheid, Being today such a detachment means not only making
one's contribution to the cause of the struggle for the interest of the work-
ers of one's country but also consistently defending and protecting the ideals
of socialism and communism in the international arena. In practice, it means
giving a decisive rebuff to any demonstrations of anti-Sovietism and anti-
communism and publicizing in every way possible the accomplishments of real
socialism which has become the greatest magnetic force in the eyes of millions
of people in the most different corners of the world.

54



NAMIBIA

PROOF OF IDENTITY TO BE REQUIRED OF ALL INHABITANTS . ©

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in-English 19 Oct 84 ‘p 3

[Text] Dobe yeep a fh Core gs coat
: ., sooo la lt peer rebet ate Namibian“ identity docu-
TO AVOID ‘prosecu- Ment iss eSecurity ment or card. .
tion, every inhabitant of FOrees. to a refugee oF ” 4 total of 547000 have
4 bona fide visitor to the been issued si 1
Namibia will be compel- country, the statement ad. issued since 1979,
. * Approximately 63000
led to carry an identity ded. .
4 . persons who applied for
_ document’: as. from » The “Rentiication, of these identity cards have
: March next year. ; 1979 — also ies for 2 Nt Yet collected them,
: poe poly “sy fine not exceeding R500, According to the state-
: According |to a. state- or imprisonment . for. a ment it is estimated that a
. ment released yesterday by Period not exceeding six total of 80000 have not |
the Department of Civic months, or both. applied for the card,”
Affairs and Manpower,the - | Any. person : failing to Some — people - have:
identity document need not comply with the provisions evidently experienced. dif- -
necessarily be the ID is- of this Act by not being in ficulty in obtaining their ID
sued in this territory. Possession of an identity (cards at ‘smaller centres
ce ot document in the territory ‘and anybody” with -this
- ait could be @ passport, ‘after,March 1985: can be problem can contact either
reference book, or an of- prosecuted in terms of this Mr Zoangara, or. Mr.-Van-

ficial document of identity,’ penalty ‘clause. der Merwe of the Depart-
isnued by. the. government: 1 would seem that most’ ment of Civic Affaits and
Of the country of which the. people in the territory are Manpower, . at telephone
Person is a citizen, already in possession of the 38150 in Windhoek.

cso: 340/197...

20:



COLOUREDS PUSH AHEAD IN OWN AFFAIRS POSTS

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 11 Nov 84 p 4

[Article by Norman West]

[Text]

MINISTERS in the House
of Representatives have
introduced affirmative
action programmes in
which coloured peo le

fae a departments are al-
located.

And the coloured Ministers
have won. praise kd eating
with soa fever inst have

prea pravlously boaged bogged down

for months.
met ‘he. tea:

ion

meral ‘ystem, the leader of
the Labo ibour Party, the Rev
Allan Hendrickse, who is
chairman of the Ministers’
Council and a Cabinet Minis:
ter without a specific
Ho, made it clear that if the

The Minister of Education
and Culture, Mr Carter Ebra-

CSO: 3400/194

him, last week announced a
new deal for married women
teachers, which puts them
immediately on ? par with
their male counterparts and
with unmarried teachers = —a
move hailed by the teacher

And this week he earned
further praise from top edu-
cationist and president of the
Union of Teachers Associ-
ations of South Africa fon eenae)
wr the old practice aes here.

ol ractice wi
ichers were Ls ‘were summoned
before magistrates

t aaewer allegations of mal-
samt ition and miscon-

Mr Ebrahim resolved an
issue “within an hour” which,

“Mr Sonn

said, had come to

nothing after “literally
months of fruitless and frus-
trated Hated negotiation with the
Edi Mr A

accusations against col-
. leagues.

‘Mr Hendrickse this week
turned his attention to the in-
terests of tens of thousands of
public servants when he an-

’ Council

, policy decision to give

coloured public servants pri-

87

ority in pomntments to
“own 3 ities ffalr

policy ty Mr Hen-
dcichao' would be folloned
eases where both white and

coloured applicants were

Me Hendrickse, however,
dispelled scepticism that he
was busy with a “colouredini-
sation” programme, or in-

: tended to embark on a ya purge

of serving white
He destibed the nee pe
— formally submit

week to Chris Heunis:
Minister of Constitutional

OME Wie keer ane, ernment

ister of National Education
the

firmati

“affirmative action,”
plained Mr Hendrickse,
"meant placing coloured
civil servants in a better po-
sition to make themselves
available for merit promo-

isis and our polley rust not
be seen as them
y Wa) or ep a refection of

: what hey have already

“ There will be no witch-
hunt. We do give this assur-

SOUTH AFRICA

ance to our white officials,”
Mr Hendrickse said.

His ‘VOW

‘He has vowed to demand
funds from government cof
fers to rescue the broke
coloured town of -Pacalts-

15km

wri he he called “a fated

apartheid local auton
eath and Welle, basa
i and Welfare, has m0
made his debut to executive-
level politics with a policy of
upliftment at grass-

He has declared “war” on
poverty and made a public
itment to its eradica-

ton build three "bacly
needed medical centres.



acknowledged so far stood at about one and a half million. For the past two
weeks, company executives and importers kept besieging the ministry to collect
their acknowledgement receipts for the submitted 1985 applications. So far,
all applications received were known to have come from all the 19 states of
the Federation as well as the Federal Capital Territory of Abujia. The ap-
plications received were more than last year's figures, officials said. The
rise in this year's import applications, the biggest in recent years was
attributed to the impartial, straight-forward, and foolproof machinery of the
government on the issue. Actual processing of the licences is expected to
begin tomorrow, officials said, Officials of the ministry, although over-
worked, have been coping with the volume of applications in the big rush.
Sources close to the ministry hinted that the processing exercise would take
some months to conclude even if additional hands were brought in. The applica-
tions are mainly for raw materials for starving industries. According to ap-
plication guidelines for the 1985 Import Licence, each application must con-
tain only allied products. As at June 30, this year, the Federal Government
issued import licences involving total foreign exchange distribution of

82.83 billion, giving a monthly average of N472 million. [Odafe Othihiwa]
[Text] [Lagos SUNDAY TIMES in English 7 Oct 84 p 24]

NEWSPRINT SHORTAGE CALLED DANGER--DECREE No. 4 Public Officers (Protection
against False Accusation) may not be the greatest danger to press freedom in
the country after all. The real threat to freedom of expression and the press
is the restriction of import licences to newspapers to procure newsprint.
These were the views of Concord Chief executive, Chier M. K. 0. Abiola, when
he lunched the special edition of the NUJ journal "The Nigerian Journalist"
yesterday in Lagos, The special edition of the Journal was dedicated to two
Nigerian journalists, Tunde Thompson and Nduka Iraboh of the Guardian News-
papers, jailed last July 4 for offences under decree No. 4. Chief Abiola
said that the restriction of newsprint to some newspapers meant that "some
newspapers would have to close down." "If that happens, many people will be
out of job while only newspapers that sing the praises of government, publish-
ing the photographs of government officials while they are laughing will be
allowed to be published.” Also speaking, fire-brand former NLC president
Hassan Sunmou said decree No. 4 has eroded the most precious thing to
Nigerians--their freedom, "Except members of this administration, I have not
seen any group in Nigeria that likes Decree 4." "Decree 4 is not right; it

is not proper and it should be expunged from our law because the moment a man
has no right to speak out his mind he is dead," he added. [Tony Masha] [Text]
[Lagos SUNDAY TIMES in English 7 Oct 84 p 24]

LUBRICANT SHORTAGE EXPECTED--KADUNA--The lubricating oil section of the NNPC
refinery here has been closed down, leading to widespread speculation of

another impending engine oil scarcity. The lube section of the N80 million
refinery was shut down because of the inability of NNPC to market its asphalt,
the principal by-product derived fromthe refining process of lube. The closure
was confirmed on Thursday by the Refinery Manager, Dr S. T. John during the
Kaduna State Governor's visit there. Asphalt and other bitumenous products

are used by construction companies for road surface dressings, construction
projects, road works and maintenance. The economic recession and lack of new
contracts have led to a sharp fall in the demand for bitumenous products. The

41



“SOUTH AFRICA

COST OF FOOD HITTING BLACKS HARD SURVEY SHOWS
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 13 Nov 84 p 1
[Article by Patrick Laurence]

[Text] The cost of food to blacks rose markedly between March and September
despite the decision to exempt basic foodstuffs from GST in July, the latest
Household Subsistence Level (HSL) Survey conducted by the University of Port
Elizabeth reveals,

Since food items exempted from GST accounted for three-quarters of the food
bought by blacks, the expectation was that food prices would remain more or
less at the level recorded in March, Professor J F Potgieter, director of the
university's Institute for Planning Research, said in his introduction.

But an analysis of actual food prices "proved to be most disturbing," with
increases of up to 14% being recorded in South Africa's major urban areas.

GST was increased generally from seven to 10% on July 1. But on a wide
range of stable foods it was scrapped altogether-~meaning, in effect, that
there was, or should have been, a 7% fall in the price of many non-luxury
food items for the three months July, August and September.

Professor Potgieter conceded that the increase raised questions as to the
manner in which the benefits was passed on to the consumer. .
Mrs Sheena Duncan, of the Black Sash, said yesterday: "It is evidence that
the benefits of GST exemptions are not passed onto the consumer. Retailers
must share the burden of responsibility for the planned consumer boycott by
black consumers over Christmas."

Professor Potgieter's comparison between the household subsistence levels of
blacks and coloureds showed that food prices rose more sharply for blacks
than for coloureds.

Professor Potgieter's findings showed that the Vaal Triangle--scene of the
most violent disturbances in the current unrest--was the most expensive urban
area for blacks in South Africa. The HSL of a family of six in the Vaal Tri-
angle was R330,25, against R327,11 for Johannesburg, the next highest area.

82



SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK TALKS WITH GOVERNMENT HIT TRICKY STAGE
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 11 Nov 84 p 4
[Article by Brian Pottinger]

[Text] THE Government's cautious progress towards constitutional change for
black South Africans is entering its trickiest stage--the debate with black
leaders who have rejected Government institutions altogether.

And as part of the initiative to maintain momentum, the Government is prepared
to engage prominent black figures in freeranging and informal talks on con-
stitutional issues outside the confines of the Cabinet committee on urban
blacks.

Threaten

This move towards the "informal negotiating sector" has been prompted by the
Government's acceptance that prominent and respected members of the black com-
munity will not give evidence to the Cabinet sub-committee.

The black leaders have rejected the sub-committee as a forum for the debate,
and threaten to thwart Government hopes to attract a wide range of black polit-
ical opinion--including those from outside the Government-created platforms.

The broad strategy is to encourage individual ministers, or their representa~
tives, to initiate informal talks with community leaders on specific issues.

Input from independently-established talk-shops will also be considered,

Conclusions from these talks will then be channelled to the sub-committee,
which is already in possession of a mass of evidence from establishment black
political leaders and other organisations concerned with constitutional and
social change.

The willingness to explore alternative forums for the black political debate

indicates the Government's acceptance that for many blacks the instruments
used for the debate are at least as important as the content of the debate.

59



The reason why the HSL for the Vaal Triangle is higher than Johannesburg's
is that rentals are higher.

The HSL consists of three items: a Primary Household Subsistence Level
(PHSL), made up of food, clothing and cleaning materials; rentals, including
service charges; and transport costs.

The PHSL was slightly higher for Johannesburg than the Vaal Triangle,
R257,46 against R254,26,

Rentals in the Vaal Triangle were higher, R61,70 against R57,19. The unrest
in the Vaal Triangle was ignited by protests against attempts to raise rentals
still further.

CSO: 3400/194

83



ZIMBABWE

PTA CONFERENCE AGREES ON NEW DEVELOPMENT BANK’ ©: + 4
MB170709 Harare Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 17 Nov 84°"

[Text] The minister. of trade and commerce, Comrade Richard Hove, says min~
isters of the Preferential Trade Aréa: [PTA] »conference “which “erided in the
capital yesterday have agreed‘on the establishment of a trade’ and ' develop
ment bank with an initial. capital of :400 million dollars.

Speaking to newsmen after. the meeting, Comrade Hove, whois .also‘the cur-
rent chairman of the PTA Council of Ministers, said the: meeting.also agreed
that the lending and borrowing of the bank must ‘be based on sound banking
systems, He said the headquarters of the bank: will be decided | on at a future
meeting of the PTA-Ministerial Council next year.

Under the -members' agreement, every PTA member country will pay 10 percent:
of its initial capital towards the bank within 3 months of the launching of
the bank,

CSO: 3400/207

118



A. It has achieved a lot. In fact, we were going to launch it here on
Wednesday (September 19). The war against indiscipline is a very good’thing.
All these emanated from the activities of politicians. Because if anybody
could just steal so much money and get away with it, he has no conscience. He
doesn't think of the poor man, our own wananchi. He steals millions of dol-
lars and stached them abroad, buys a big villa and a Rolls Royce therem just
for his visit to London once or twice a year, you buy a house worth a million
dollars. :

This one million, he could have invested in the country and set up a factory.
And he could have employed about 300 people to relief unemployment in the
country. We are trying to show people that there is no wisdom in this.

We are trying to propagate the national symbols, let them know what the flag
stands for, what the court of arms stands for. .

Polytechiitcs are open. A polytechnic graduate will insist that he is an engi-
neer. He would rather have a BSc than a HND, Why? Because he thinks that he
is a better person with a tie and so on. .

Our main purpose is to train people who will man the industries and manage the
low-level cadres instead of bringing in foreigners to do it. But they don't
want to do that, Everybody wants a white-collar job. So we want to change
all this attitude in our people.

People should just go back to nature and be themselves. We alone can run our
country, nobody can do it for us. That is why the war on indiscipline is very
important and we are continuing it.

Q. Your small campaign in the embassy, what will it involve? Sacking people?

A. No, not at all. The embassy is a very small institution. But we want to
remind our staff here about what is going on.

We want them to behave correctly. Because when they go home--they have not
been affected by what is going on in Nigeria--it will remind them of what is
happening there. They have to take work much more seriously. It does not mean
sacking anybody. ‘

Q. How far do you think the Dikko affair has affected the Nigerian image ~
abroad?

A. It depends on what you mean by the Dikko affair.

Q. The attempt to abdust Mr Dikko from London and the publicity that it ue
triggered. .

A. This is rather unfortunate, in the way the British authorities handled
the whole matter, They are responsible for Dikko's being in Britain in the
first instance, And they are also responsible for the publicity. We ‘expected
a more mature approach to it from a fellow Commonwealth country,

28



have been concentrating in some areas to achieve that objective, which they
have not. attained.

The Enemy Does Not Control Any Economic or Military Strategic’ Point

[Question] Is there any strategic point from the military or economic point
of view that is under the control of UNITA? bas :

[Answer] . The enemy does-not control any strategic area or point from an
economic point of view.

From a military point of view, it exercises a certain control in the areas of
Alto-Chicapa where it even had batallions and its forward command. That was
the point of departure for its actions of banditry against our positions and
mining areas. We recall the Cafunfo attack, where it kidnapped some
foreigners of various nationalities, which the capitalist press gave wide
coverage to, as was to be expected. . . bang .

However, its influence in the area already mentioned (Alto-Chicapa) decreased
considerably after the operation carried out by our forces in the months

of May, June and July of this year, when we captured various military items,
specifically ammunition, mines and explosives. ‘

The enemy does seek to create a climate of instability in North Lunda. Thus,
we notice the efforts UNITA is undertaking in an attempt to exercise control
in the areas of Lubalo, where it has some forces, and since June it intro-
duced new forces and military material in that area to reinforce a column
designated "Lotti," which has been inoperative for 8 months due.to munitions
difficulties and because of having suffered several losses after successive
fights with our troops. :

The enemy seeks to exercisé control and consolidate its positions in the
Caungula-Lubalo-Cuilo triangle.

The Enemy Flees From Contact With the Regular Troops

[Question] Have regular battles been waged against the enemy? What have
been the results for the Angolan Army?

[Answer] The ‘last battles between our troops and the enemy-~the ene my
normally flees from direct contact with the regular troops but in any case
he has been the target of constant pursuit--have led to the desertion of
considerable numbers of members of UNITA,. as occurred last August, when
various members, some of them armed, surrendered. .

The enemy's morale is very low and as I already said its forces cannot

carry out missions in this region due to the confrontations with our

troops. It has been a year since the enemy has carried out an action against
our troops, who have a very high morale. I can mention an attack it carried
out in June against the Peso and Luangue bridges with the objective of
destroying them, which was repelled by a much smaller number of our troops. ©



SOUTH AFRICA

NEL GIVES VIEWS ON FREEDOM, COOPERATION
Bonn DIE WELT in German 31 Oct 84 p III

[Interview with Deputy Foreign Minister Louis Nel: "Wish for More Peace
and Cooperation in Africa]

[Text] The elections for Indians and Coloreds in South Africa were seen
by skeptics in the West as an attempt to enlarge the base of whites in
that country without granting the largest population segment, the Blacks,
their long-demanded right of representation. The low voter participation
may indicate that this attempt was unsuccessful. H.-H. Holzamer asked
Louis Nel if he, notwithstanding, sees positive effects in South African
relations with the West. .

[Answer] It is clear that a process of expanding democracy is taking
place in South Africa. Never before have Indians and colored people
had a say in the central government of this country, and now they can
elect their own representatives to parliament. Apart from the fact that
four ministers will be concerned with the affairs of the colored and
Indian population, we also have one Colored, the Rev Allan Hendrickse,
and one Indian, A. Rajbansi, as members of the South African cabinet.
This means that the colored people and the Indian population are
directly represented in the government of South Africa.

A number of Western countries have welcomed the enactment of the new
constitution. It remains to be seen to what degree the long-standing
prejudices of various countries vis-a-vis South Africa will permit them
to recognize and acknowledge the significance of the new development
process. .

[Question] After the visit by President Botha, will there be a change
in South Africa's foreign policy?

[Answer] The object of the journey,” when P. W. Botha was still prime |
minister, was not to gain the approval of European governments or
their leaders for the policy of South Africa.

The purpose was rather to inform the European heads of state of
developments in South Africa and in the southern part of Africa.

43



However, since the beginning of August, with the infiltration of new units
further north, we noted some action in the territory of North Lunda in the
areas defended only by ODP detachments and small units of the TGFA [expansion
unknown], as is the case of Camaxilo and Cuilo.

To counteract the enemy's actions, we are carrying our various tasks.

Thus, we are engaged first in upgrading the training of our troops, not

only the regular and territorial troops but the troops of the ODP detachment,
the formation of new units and the improvement of the defense of, bridges

and other objectives considered important and, finally as is obvious, ‘the
conduct of combat actions against the bases located by our reconnaissance or
by information received from the people.

Feeling the constant pursuit of our troops, the enemy took refuge in other
areas and, to hamper our advance, blocks access to the areas which he
occupies by the destruction of bridges and the use of mines. Lately, many
compatriots have been turning themselves in, fleeing from the enemy, some
with their weapons, and have been giving us an account of the critical
situation UNITA is going through.

We have had many successes and the mere fact of maintaining our columns
from Malanje to Moxico is a very great victory because as you know, that
route is our backbone.

The So-Called 'Cassuala Column' Was Completely Shattered

[Question] According to reports disseminated by UNITA, highway linkage
between South Lunda and Moxico is practically impossible due to the action
of its forces. Can you comment on those statements?

[Answer] With regard to that, I can say that our people have already become
accustomed to the nonsense disseminated by the enemy through a certain
capitalist press. The enemy had a regional column on the Moxico-South
Lunda road, the so-called Cassuala column whose mission was to strangle that
road, -That column carried out some ambushes last year but after an
operation by our troops, it was completely shattered and there has been no
more mention of it for close to 1 year. .

However, about 3 months ago, the enemy was reinforced by men and materiel
(weapons and food) and thus resumed actions on the Dala~-Saurimo section,
aimed at some isolated civilian vehicles and the massacre of people. Our
columns have passed normally and I believe you remember because the Angola
News Agency (ANGOP) reported the recent visit made to the municipality of
Dala by the provincial commissioner; that week alone three road columns
traveled that route.

In the last year, the only thing UNITA.can shamefully boast about on that
road was the attack it made against a vehicle belonging to missionaries in
the month of ‘August culminating in the kidnapping of .a Polish missionary
and the death of a Portuguese nun. .As can be seen, that enemy propaganda is
foolish.: We are controlling its movements since, as I said previously, they



NIGERIA

URITY AT KANO ATRPORT REPORTEDLY TIGHTER NOt
Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 7 Oct 84 p 1
[Article by Alache M. Ode]

[Text] SECURITY at the Aminu Kano International Airport and the Bugauda Lake
Hotel Kano, is now very tight, as a result of the presence of the monitoring
group on the witdrawal of French and Libyan troops from Chad. Any threat to
the Nigerian security could be seen to have been checked by the amount of se-
curitymen milling around Bagauda and the airport.

At the Eagauda camp, only accredited officials with a pass, inscribed with TWMG
(Troops Withdrawal Monitoring Group) bearing a serial number with a passport
sized photograph of the holder are allowed in while at the Aminu Kano Airport,
all entrances were heavily guarded by combat-ready looking soldiers.

Contrary to reports in some newspapers that troops withdrawn from Chad were kept
in Kano, we were informed that only troops involved in the monitoring excercise
are currently in Kano.

Withdrawing troops leave Chad for their home countries straight without coming
through Nigeria, though it is learnt that Trance has requested Cameroun to al-
low some French troops withdrawing to pass through its territory.

Mr. Christian Nucci, French Cooperation Minister told reporters in Younde, after
meeting with President Paul Biya, that he made the request to ensure that the
evacuation of its 3,200 troops took place in a conductive atmosphere.

But in spite of heated talks from representatives of the two sides, the with-
drawal is still going on without any major hitch, though it has been said that
both Libya and France tend to wait for the withdrawal of one another before
withdrawing its own troops.

Meanwhile, the Libyan monitoring troops in Bagauda camp are said to have made
their own feeding arrangements and as such do not eat food prepared hy camp
cooks. Plausible reasons given for this bordered on mistrust of rival troops.

cso: 3400/174

37



The commission surveyed the area and advised the council which then called
for tenders, The successful application was issued with a licence whose
duration depended on the volume of timber resources in the concession area.

During the life of the concession, the loggers paid royalties to the council.

The area in Matabeleland North in which teak and mukwa grow totals 1.5 million
hectares of which.800 000 ha is controlled by the State.

Mr Judge said of the area controlled by the State, 568 000 ha was in the nation-
al parklands of Hwange and Victoria Falls.

"Timber in the national parks cannot be exploited," he said.

State timber operations at Sawmills were "on a sustained basis in accordance
with what, the forest can yield."

On average this worked out about 500 cubic metres of processed timber per
month, and gumtree plantations were being developed where indigenous timber
resources have been depleted.

Mr Judge said the commission had 2 200 ha under gum trees at Mtao near Mvuma,
where treated power transmission poles fencing posts and mining timber are
produced on a large scale.

Mtao poles were also exported to countries like Botswana.

A new treating plant was being installed at Mtao, which will produce four
times more than its present output.

But by far the largest exotic (pine, wattle and gum) plantations are in the
Eastern Highlands, where the Commission controls large areas, most of it owned
by private enterprise.

cso: 3400/205

117



NAMIBIA

MPC'S ULTIMATUM FOR SWAPO DISCUSSED
Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 1 Nov 84 p 3

[Text] WINDHOEK: The Multi-party conference has issued an ultimatum to Swapo
and other political parties--join forces with the MPC before December 31 and
thrash out disputes or the MPC will go ahead and negotiate unilaterally with
South Africa on Namibia's independence South Africa has indicated in the past
that it would give serious consideration to proposals by the MPC,

In a resolution announced at a media conference in Windhoek yesterday, the MPC
repeated an invitation to Swapo and other political parties to join the MPC
in forming a conference to discuss the Namibian dispute,

"Response to this invitation will be awaited until December 31," the MPC said.

If Swapo and others failed to respond to the call, the MPC would "enter into
negotiations with the SA government to discuss the modalities and stages of
granting independence to Namibia at the earliest possible date",

Appropriate steps would be taken to seek the support of international commun-
ity for the implementation of an independence process and the MPC would meet
again on January 15 to review progress and “report to the people of Namibia
on the steps envisaged to advance their independence,"

Appropriate steps would be taken to seek the support of the international com-
munity for the implementation of an independence progress text and “report to
the people of Namibia on the steps envisaged to advance their independence”.

A copy of the resolution was sent to SA before the start of the Cape Verde
talks yesterday between the United States Assistant Secretary of State for
Africa, Dr Chester Crocker, and South African officials,

MPC leaders told the media conference yesterday they were particularly dis-
satisfied and concerned at the continued loss of lives in the Namibian bush
war and the extended "bureaucratic rule" of the SA-appointed Aministrator-
General, Dr W Van Niekerk,

They also indicated that the MPC was not interested in being granted a form of

interim government and would be satisfied with nothing less than independence,
with or without international recognition in the immediate future,

16



cso:

FOUR MNR REPRESENTATIVES IDENTIFY THEMSELVES

MOZAMBIQUE

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 2 Nov 84 p 9

[Article by Jose Caetano]

[Text]

THE South African Govern-
ment’s cancellation of the Press
conference called-by the
Mozambique National Resis-
tance movement in Pretoria

esterday has been interpreted’

y diplomatic observers as a
sign that South Africa is anxious
to avoid jeopardising the
Mozambique peace negotia-
tions.

The news of the cancellation of the
Press conference came at 10.30am
when four faced. MNR_ men
walked into the conference room of
the Boulevard Hotel to break the news
to about 30 national and foreign jour-
nalists.

The four rebel representatives
were Mr Jorge Correia, a white Por-
tuguese citizen who acts as the MNR
spokesman in Lisbon, and three black
men who identified themselves as Mr
Ululu Vicente Zacarias, Mr Gideon
Mahluza and Mr Artur Janeiro da
Fonseca.

Three black MNR men where taken
to the hotel in a blue Toyota, driven by
a bespectacled young white man who
did not appear to speak Portuguese.
At the hotel they were met by Mr
Correia, who had arrived shortly be-

fore in a different car.

3400/196

None of the men was present at the
Pretoria Declaration last month.

Mr Correia said the conference had
been cancelled on orders from the
Department of Foreign Affairs, who
telephoned at about 9.30am. .

The Deputy Minister of Foreign Af-
fairs, Mr Louis Nel, had approved the
conference on Wednesday night.

Mr Zacarias said he and Mr Mah-
luza lived in Kenya while Mr Da Fon-
seca was resident in West Germany.

Later Mr Mahluza said he had refu-
gee status in Kenya.

Mr Mahluza has had a chequered

litical career, belonging at various

imes to nine political parties.

He first surfaced in the early sixties
when he joined Udenamo, an early
nationalist movement in Mozam-

jue.
June 1962 he became a founder
member of Frelimo.

He failed to win office, and two
months later abandoned Frelimo to
become a founder member of a string
of organisations, among them Pa-
pomo, Coremo, Unar, Gumo and Funi-
pamo, before the independence of

11

Mozambique, in June 1975. After that
he joined Fumo, a small organisation
formed by some Mozambicans living
in Portugal, before appearin yester-
day as a member of the MNR.

Mr Da Fonseca was a crew mem-
ber on the Portuguese liner Santa Ma-
ria, which was hijacked in January
1961 off the coast of Argentina by a
group led by Captain Henrique Galt
‘vao, a long-time opponent of the for-
mer Portuguese dictator Antonio Sa-;
lazar.

When Capt Galvao surrendered to
Brazil 12 days later, Mr Da Fonseca
raised the Portuguese flag on the ship
and as a result was later decorated by
the Portuguese Government of the
time.

In 1965, Mr Da Fonseca surfaced at
a meeting of various nationalist or-
ganisations from the former Portu-

ese colonies in Rabat, Morocco. He
fell under suspicion as a spy for Pide,
the former Portuguese secret police.

Later moves took him to Algeria,
East Germany and Czechoslovakia
before appearing again in Pretoria
yesterday.



SWAZILAND

Dvokolwako Diamond Mine Set for Operations in June 1985
(THE SWAZI OBSERVER, 2 Nov 84)..e.eseeset sete eeeee wee eeeee

ZAMBIA

ZCCM. Receives. International Financing to Rehabilitate Mining
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 2 Nov 84)...

Lintco Starts. Big. Coffee Export. Drive
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 5 Nov 84)..

Ndola Multi-Crop Program Launched
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, | a7 Oct 84)....

Gem Diggers Flood. Choma - - .
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 4 Nov 84)......

Debts Expected To Soar . :
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 2 Nov 84). er Serre eee eer)

Tazara Traffic Halted - ° .
(Patu Simoko; TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 3 Nov. 84) vesceeeee sense seeee

Saudi Arabia Gives Medicines . s
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 27 Oct 84)..

ZIMBABWE vem at

Government Gives Ex-Residents More Time on Blocked Funds
(THE STAR, 7. Nov 84)....+..

Province Launches $1-Million: Gum Plantation’
. (THE CHRONICLE; 3: Nov 84)..0e.08

PTA Conference Agrees on New Development Bank
(Harare. Domestic. Service, 17 NOV 84). ...es eee eee eee ee eeee

Military Police 'Emergency‘Platoon':Graduates~
(Harare Domestic. Service,,. 16° Nov 84)s.s..sieceseeeces

103

104

105

107

108

109

111

113

114

115

118

119



NDOLA MULTI-CROP PROGRAM LAUNCHED

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 27 Oct 84 p 5

{Text]

NCHANGA Farms —
a subsidiary of the
Zambia Cansolida-
ted Copper Mines
has embarked on an
ambitious agricul-
tural) schemé in
Ndola aimed at
growing various
crops under jrriga-
tion.

The scheme — the
Munkumpu Agricultu-
tal Development Pro-
ject — is in an advanc-
ed stage with dam and.
canal designs already
completed. Tree fell-
ing for an initial 2,000
hectares is in progress.

‘The establishment of the
Project on which wheat
and Sayabeans would be

as been announced

wn
in the latest annual ZCCM.
report.

cso; 3400/1912

It is planned that 5,000
hectares would for
wheat and 7,000 hectares
for soyabeans and other
crops. In addition to grow-
ing various crops, the pro-
ject had earmarked 21,000
hectares for ranching.

Irrigated wheat would be
grown in winter in rotation
with soya beans in summer
Summer crops would be
grown ahead of irrigation
each time a field was ready.

The first 1,120 hectares
of wheat would be planted
in May 1986.

The Munkumpu project
initiated last year was the
sixth farming project
Nchanga_. Farms ad *
embarked on since ZCCM

! diversified into agriculture,

says the report.

Others are Twin Rivers
in Chililabombwe, Margam
Valley in Kalulushi, Mu-
fulira, Chambeshi, Lua-
nshya Farms which are
engaged in dairy, ranching

107

and wheat farming.

Since last year ZCCM
had been rationalising the
activities ‘of each of the
farms from being multi-
product to specialised
units.

Now Twin Rivers and
Margam Valley have an
average monthly milk pro-
duction” of 150,000 litres
one third of the Copperbelt
production.

“These measures result-
ed in a reduction in losses

from K1.1_ million to
K620,000,."" says the
report.

Nchanga Farms was

formed when the former
Roan Consolidated Mines
and Nchanga Consolidated
Copper Mines amalgamat-
ed to form ZCCM to
develop a large-scale agri-
cultural scheme.

In January ZCCM. was

loaned KS million by the
Commonwealth Develop-

ZAMBIA

ment Corporation (CDC) to
improve the farms.

CDC took up nearly K1.5

‘million in shares in the
-venture, managed it and

Provided experts to get it
going.

But the Mineworkers
Union of Zambia (MUZ)
Mukuba ‘Farm has been
facing serious operational
problems.

In July MUZ chairman
Mr Timothy | Walamba
lamented that members
of the Central Committee,
Cabinet ministers and other
top Party and Government
leaders who had visited the
ranch had done nothing
to help it obtain the simp-
lest services from the
Government.

’ Mr Walamba said the
ranch was unable to pro-
vide water to the 838 head
of cattle nor start a garden
because of lack of water

pumps. .
The farm also had staff-
ing problems, he said.



PFP SILENCE OVER VAAL RAIDS SCORED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 7 Nov 84 p 6

[Article by Allister Sparks]

[Text]

At is a matter for reproach that the
Progressive Federal Party has had
so little to say about that massive
armed search of the black inhabi-
tants of the Vaal Triangle two
weeks ago.

None of the party's public Tepre-
sentatives has gone on record con-
demning what was one of the most
grotesque acts of political intimida-
tion undertaken in this country.

Indeed, the only one to speak out
at all on the subject was the party’s
defence spokesman, Mr Philip My-

_ burgh, who rather half-heartedly

questioned the use of troops in the
operation. He left the impression
that if different personnel had been
used, he would have been quite
“happy with the whole affair.

In mitigation, it must be noted
that the PFP’s Southern Transvaal
region issued a Press statement
condemning the exercise in unequiv-
ocal terms, but the statement didn’t
make the papers — and none of the
party’s leadership felt constrained
to make sure that South Africa, par-
ticularly black South Africa, was
not left with the impression that the
PFP didn’t care.

As things stand, black South Afri-
cans are to be forgiven if they do
have that impression.

Put- yourself in their Position.

/ Seven thousand armed men, backed
: by heavy armoured vehicles, throw
"a cordon around three towns with a

combined population of a quarter of
a million, which is equal to the
white populations of Germiston,
Benoni, Brakpan, Boksburg and
Springs combined. .

66

They then begin knocking on
doors at two in the morning, waking
the bewildered residents and
searching their homes, pawing
through their most private and inti-
mate possessions. After which these
citizens must present their hands to
be stained with a red dye, like the
ghetto-dwellers of another place at
another time, to show that they
have been checked and may pass
without further molestation.

The people who are subjected to
this crass intrusion are not crimi-
nals, mark you. Nor even selected
suspects. It is everybody. The entire
white Populations of Germiston,
Benoni, Brakpan, Boksburg and
Springs. .

Intermittently over the next 17
hours, people are hauled from their
homes to be locked in police trucks
and driven away. It goes on and on
until the total number hauled away
reaches 358, which is one arrest
every three minutes through this
Jong day. Again not hardened crimi-
nals or “revolutionary elements”,
mark you, but petty offenders who
have to spend one or more nights in
the cells because they had a copy of
Playboy, or something equivalent,
in the house.

Then a week later it all happens
again, only this time the raiding
force includes Nigel too, just for

* good measure.

Imagine that happening and not a
word of condemnation being heard
about it from any of the country’s
recognised political parties! Except
this one peep from one spokesman
for the one party which claims to



» NIGER

AFP ON NIGER FOOD DEFICIT, RELIEF . PROGRAMS :
AB122100 Paris AFP in French 1141 GMT 12/Nov 84

[Excerpts] Niger is this year faced with an unprecedented gross food. deficit
of more than 475,000 tons because‘of a fall of nearly 40 percent in its pro-
duction of millet and sorghum, the staple food of the ‘people which this year
is 665,000 tons less than last year, at was ‘learned £ mn authorized sources
in Niamey. +

Taking into account the stocks held by the wisce Foodstuffs office, OPVN,
domestic granaries, the purchases that the state and traders have made, and
international aid already acquired, the net food deficit to be filled is esti-
mated at 350,000 tons, these sources states. “The cause of this situation:
Drought, which ‘has hit. the whole countty including: traditionally high pro-
ducing areas,. Rainfall levels everywhere were 30 to:50 ‘percent less than the
average levels registered in ‘the: ‘ast ‘10 years.

Thus, gross food’ production had only been 1s 02 million tons compared to 1.684
tons in 1983... Even out of this figure, ‘one: must. subtract the quantity of food
lost and the quantity necessary fot the reconstruction of. domestic granaries,
which leaves effective luction available “consumption: at. only 866,000
tons, po rs : .

To £111 part of this ‘food deficit, the state has ‘decided to devote 300 million’
CFA francs from its own funds to a program of off-season production for which
international aid donors and nongovernmental organizations give their techni-
cal assistance. ; Pets

The aim of this program, which aims at developing permanent and nonpermanent
water collection points, is to produce 250, 000 tons of cassava, potatoes, _
and sweetpotatoes compared to last year's 200,000 tons. ‘Apart from simply
feeding the masses, this program, which has been given high priority in the”
media, responds to two other preoccupations-—keeping the drought=stricken
population, nomads and sedentaries, in their places of origin and "to prove
to the international community’ that Niger 'is not waiting for international
aid with its arms folded," it was stressed from the same ‘sources. :

cso: 3419/132

21



=S0:

3400/198

would not devalue the cur-
rency, for political reasons.

Earnings from gold were
therefore largely absorbed
by local wages, and little
revenue was left over to
spend on plant rehabilita-

jon pnd expansion.

In April 1983, however,
the government, at the in-
sistence of the International
Monetary Fund, heavily de-
valued the currency and fol-
lowed up with another de-
valuation last August.

The dollar is now worth . |

“38,50 cedis officially, which
has transformed the profit-

ability of the gold-mining -

companies.

Whereas in the past earn-
ings from gold of $1-million
fetched the companies only
2,75-million cedis, they now

© "get 38,5-million cedis for the
‘Same amount of dollars.

» This goesa long’ way in

»: terms of local expenditure,

» since-wage increases have

»onot ‘kept pace with the
1300% dévaluation.

“<< As ‘d’result, both’ Ashanti
‘Goldfields Corporation and
‘the State Gold Mining Cor-

“<¢poration (which ‘runs the

*.mineés taken over’ fully by

~ "the government) have ‘be-

* come creditworthy in the

“eyes of international lend-
= “ers, And the money is pour-
: ins ony’

r

«The Interfational
«Finance ‘ation — an
‘affiliate of the World Bank

— is fa consortium

Goldfields’ R2i6-million to

. finance a rehabilitation.and
-expansion programme.

ver the next five years,

if all goes well, Ashanti -

“hopes to increase produc-
~ tion from just over 240.000
“ounces last year to at least

+400 000 ounces.
. -Similarly, the State Gold

; R1440-million, “wi

Mining Corporation is re-
ceiving assistance from the
International Development
Association to modernise
its mines at Prestea and
Tarkwa.

The corporation’s output,
which stood at 210 000
ounces in 1974, had fallen to
40.000 ounces by 1983.

It projects a production
increase to 180000 ounces
in the near future, if the cur-
rent rehabilitation pro-
gramme is carried through
smoothly. oe

Altogether, Ghana hopes
that the injection of capital
into the go’d industry will
raise production to about
1,5-million ounces a year in
1990, and two-million ;
ounces by the year 2000.

At present, the main

foreign exchange earner —
cocoa — is not a reliable
source of income.
* Most } trees are old
“and dyii nd so are the
farmers: who work the
cocoa plantations.

‘+ Coéoa prices also fluctu-
‘ate ‘on -the international
market, with the result that

. .Ghana’s import bills are al-
most always climbing
head of export earnings,
no matter how hard

_ government tries to curb
imports. © '

This year, for instance,
“" imports. will. eat UP some
hile ex-

ports are expected to fetch

“Only R1.000-million, leaving

a trade gap of R440-million.

ae tg i ane ecanee a
major gold-producing coun-
try again wal not be be-

~“eause the country hankers
‘seritimentally «after: the
name Gold Coast and wants

"to go back to it. .-°

Hard ‘business..sense is
what should gei the credit.
—Gemini,



So it is necessary for people to know what is going on, to know the facts and
figures to be able to make up their minds whether what we are doing is right
or wrong. Nobody wants a military dictatorship anywhere, you see, but when
politicians show that they cannot run their own affairs responsibly, somebody
has to blow the whistle sometime.

Q. Since the military government took over we have heard a lot about trials
and jailings of ex-politicians, some executions of robbers, religious riots
and many decrees issued by the military. What can you count as its accomplish-
ments?

A. You see the main purpose of the trials is to show people that you cannot
just cheat the country, steal millions or billions. Can you imagine someone
banking away $2 billion in a foreign bank account alone. For himself alone,
$2 billion, That is the budget of many African countries. I know many
countries that cannot budget $200 million a year.

And one man steals $2 billion and he takes it away. Now you must do something
to show to the people that you can't do anything and expect to get away with
it.

So this is why these trials are going on.

We don't only try them to find them guilty, but we also take away any money
we can get that they have taken away from the people.

Highway robberies, that is another case of indiscipline. Most of the people
involved, of course, are not Nigerians. You heard about the expulsion of
foreigners which we carried out in January-February last year. They are
usually people from other parts of West Africa who come in and they do this.
That does not mean there are no Nigerians who rob.

To protect people's lives you have to give exemplary punishment to stop this
type of banditry we face in Nigeria. I am sure it is quite effective.

Q. What accomplishments could you say have been made in the economic sector?

A. In the economic field, what ‘we have done now first of all is to review
the budget which Shagari presented just a few days before the coup. We im~
plemented some of the IMF recommendations. In fact more than what IMF recom-
mended. We cut down the budget by about 50 per cent, cutting off most of the
useless projects, white projects that were put in the budget.

We restricted foreign exchange available to the public. We restricted the
importation of a lot of unnecessary items, luxury items. All these in an
attempt to conserve our foreign reserves, We depend mainly on the export of
oil. The price of oil has gone down and we have been restricted down to a
quarter of our production by Opec.

The quota allocated to us of 1.3 million barrels a day is certainly not
enough for us, a country with a population of 80 million or more.

26



At present, South Africa produced only two percent of the world's production,
and supplied 50 percent of the ore used in overseas chemical production,

South Africa could increase its chemical production more than eight-fold,
giving a total potential revenue of R347 million.

Chromium metal production was another field which Dr Edwards considered well
worth further development. :

The 15 000-tons-a~year world market could, potentially, supply South
Africa with a slice earning R191 million.

Dr Edwards said that the development of these fields extended beyond earning
of foreign exchange in their value to’ the country, in ‘that they could pave
the way to a solution of South Africa's vast unemployment problem.

"Mintek is increasing the emphasis of its research on the development of areas
of high technology processes, as well as in fields where South Africa has al-
ready established itself, heaved mo

“This is in line with our function--namely, to explore the potentials of

local industry in the metallurgical field, with a view to increasing South
African prosperity and the employment of its full population," he said.

*

cso: 3400/194

95



AFRIKANER VOKSWAG SEEKS TO SHED NEO-NAZI IMAGE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 12 Nov 84 p 9

{Article by Andrew Beattie]

[Text]

After the drubbing the
Afrikaner Volkswag re-
ceived from the media
following its founding
earlier this year, it was
hardly surprising at the
weekend that the move-
ment made an earnest
attempt to shed its neo-
Nazi image at its first
formal congress.

Security seemed al-
most non-existent in and
around the Hartbees
Youth Centre, and many
delegates took their fa-
milies to the resort in
the Magaliesberg habit-
ually used also for Broe-
‘derbond meetings.

The armed and jack-
booted guards of the
Afrikaner Weerstands-
beweging who added a
strong undertone of neo-
Nazism to the founding
meeting, were conspi-
cuously absent.

CSO: 3400/194

And about 350 dele-
gates, mostly sporting
shorts and veldskoene,
mingled informally
around campfires by
night enjoying the tradi-
tional braaivleis under
the summer sky.

Afrikaner Weer-

; Standsbeweging leader

Mr Eugene Terre-
Blanche did not attend,
nor were any Conserva-
tive Party leaders there.

Herstigte Nationale
Party leader Mr Jaap
Marais was, but kept a
low profile, leaving
Volkswag founder and
chairman Professor
Carel Boshoff and his
wife Anna (who is Dr
Hendrik Verwoerd’s
daughter and one of the
Spiritual leaders of the
far right) to steal the
limelight.

Rhetoric used by

88

speakers at the congress
leant heavily on the
theme of an intrepid
Afrikaner battling
against all odds in a to-
tally hostile world.

The preservation of
Voortrekker culture in
the face of the neo-
Marxist media on-
slaught was deemed all-
important and the reten-
tion of a strong family
unit bound to its exclu-

sive cultural ‘heritage .

was seen as the best
way of keeping “die wit-
man” in power.
Professor Boshoff held
his partisan audience
spellbound during his
emotive inaugural ad-
dress on Friday night.

He was heartily
cheered as he declared
that, for the Afrikaner,
culture and politics have

SOUTH AFRICA

always been the same
thing.

Hence the Volkswag,
ostensibly a cultural or-
ganisation, had every
right to step into the
realm of politics by cri-
ticising the Government
and accusing it of play-
ing into the hands of its
enemies.

STRUGGLE

It was decided that the
movement would be ap-
Plying to the Federasie
van Afrikaanse Kultuur-
Sereniginge for member-

ip.

The Volkswag, hand-in-
hand with the South Afri-
can Bureau of Racial Af-
fairs and the Voor-
trekkers (of which Pro-
fessor Boshoff is leader)
would continue the cul-
tural struggle of the Afri-
kaner, despite the odds.



BRIEFS

MALAWI

PIPES LEAVE BEIRA~-After lying stranded for two years in Beira a consignment
of 800 tonnes of large cement-based water pipes destined for the Lilongwe
Water Project is now being safely delivered to Malawi by the Mitchell Cotts
The pipes were freighted from India as part of an

Freight firm of Harare,
Indian Government aid agreement with Malawi, and the Malawi Government

recently asked Mitchell Cotts to arrange for their delivery, [Text]
[Harare FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 26 Oct 84 p 3]

CSO;

3400/205



SOUTH AFRICA

MINTEK PRESIDENT: RSA WASTES ITS CHROME POTENTIAL
Johannesburg MINING WEEK in English 24 Oct 84 p°3-
[Article by Val Pienaar]

[Text] SOUTH Africa is wasting the income potential of its chromium reserves
by exporting its production as concentrate or at other low levels of benefic-
iation, Mintek president Dr Aidan Edwards told Mining Week.

"About 4 percent of South Africa's foreign exchange revenue--some Rl billion--
comes from chrome. :

"Yet we earn only R66 million from our exports of chrome concentrate which
accounts for six percent of our total chromium earnings--50 percent of total
production," he said.

Dr Edwards pointed out that South Africa could virtually double its earnings
from chrome within the foreseeable future if it moved into high-technology
development of the metal at a realistic level.

"Only 10 years ago a major European buyer told me South Africa should leave the
“high-tech" production of ferro-chrome to other countries.

"At the time I was pressing for increased local production of ferro-chrome.
South Africa is now the world's prime ferro-chrome producer-~this year we
will earn about R700 million from ferrochrome alone.

“All we lack to move into high-tech fields is skilled manpower--and this would
be available on the international market," he said.

Dr Edwards pointed out that South African production of stainless steels,
other irons and steels and sodium dichromate was still carried out on a rela-
tively small scale.

Stainless steel production alone could, realistically, be more than doubled,
to give an extra income of R216 million in foreign exchange.

He said that South Africa had the potential to extend into the production of
chromium chemicals.

94



DETAILS ON SATS' SERVICE, EQUIPMENT GIVEN

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 6 Nov 84 p 2M

{Article by Kashvina Jaga]

[Text]

cso;

The Minister’ of Transport Ser-

“vices, Mr Hendrik Schoeman,

launched 121.new buses on be-
half of SA Transport Services
(SATS) at a function in Johan-
nesburg held at the Paul
Kruger Building yesterday.

The function was attended by
officials from several home-
lands, Swaziland, Johannes-
burg, the SATS and bus manu-
facturing companies.

The buses costing R152 000
each, seating 70 passengers and
known as the Transtate, will
be used to transport passengers

3400/194

from © Johannesburg .- to... the

homeland areas. ‘
* “Mr Schoernan said the buses

were essential for passengers
‘and also ‘showed that ‘the SA
road transport network was ex-
panding.

“Although SATS is ‘a multi-
modal transport organisation,
road transport will continue to
play an important role in trans-

porting goods and passengers
as itis not always economic-

ally feasible to have a rail net-

work in all areas,” explained
Mr Schoeman.
He said SATS transported 1,5

‘million: people in one month

99

SOUTH AFRICA

over 4,5 million kilometres. He
‘said the SATS had stringent
training standards where driv-
ers had to be thoroughly tested.
“Nearly 22,5 million accident
free kilometres have been com-
pleted since 1980. This can only
be attributed to the standard of
training,” he said.
The managing director of
one of the bus companies, Mr
“WD Meurer, -said the buses
were “a combination of new
technological ideas”.
Some of the features on the

, buses include:

@A comfortable temperature
is thaintained by a fan-boosted
cool air and heating system.

@ The luggage space is 8 cubic
metres. Abnormal luggage will
be carried in a luggage trailer
behind the bus.

@The buses are based on a
model which was designed and

. tested ‘for the Australian Out-

back where conditions are com-
parable with the worst in South
Africa.

- .@ Higher mounted seats giving
passengers .a better view and
tinted windows to counteract

. - gare.

‘ @ Air'suspension ensures better

« road holding and a smoother,

TM more pleasant journey.



ZIMBABWE

PROVINCE LAUNCHES $1-MILLION GUM PLANTATION
Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 3 Nov 84 p 5

[Text] The Forestry Commission has begun a massive gum plantation in .
Matabeleland which will total 2 000 ha‘and cost more than $1 million during
the next few years.

A total of 500 ha each will be developed at Chesa Forest area near Nyama-
ndlovu, Gwaai forest area in Lupane, Fuller forest area in the Victoria Falls
and Mafungabusi between Kana and Gokwe.

The divisional manager (indigenous forests) ,-Mr Gavin Judge ‘said the programme
was the Commission's answer to the depletion of indigenous forests in the
Kalahari sand (magusu) areas of Matabeleland resulting from over-exploitation
by lumber companies during the last 20 years.

It was hoped that the programme--the first major one every undertaken in
Matabeleland--would be incentive enough to district councils for them to
launch similar programmes of their own in communal areas.

The indigenous timber forests of Matabeleland were running out as a result
of indiscriminate felling of.trees to clear land for agricultural purposes,
Mr Judge said. ~

“Time will come when Government must control this by regulating the clearing
of land for agriculture in the interest of conserving our forests."

It was difficult to put a time scale when the timber forests would be ex-
hausted, as this depended largely on the rate at which forests were being
exploited.

"It's up to the district councils to see that what is left of the resources
is conserved to last as long as possible," Mr Judge said.

The commission had already taken steps to conserve the timber resources in
these areas.

“We have stopped cutting the teak forests as we did in the past, concentrating
our logging operations to mature mukwa only," he said.

115



on the cards.

So far, borrowing has
closed the gap between the
spending momentum and
revenue that the various tax-
es are bringing in, But in a
slowing economy, the
amount of tax income is like-
ly to lag worringly bebind the
growth in spending.

Although The Government
will rely on borrowing to the
maximum extent possible
(implying a thing or two
about long-term interest
rates), there is a limit to
which such borrowing can be
accommodated.

Therefore, the pressure
of new tax increases is likely
to grow stronger, especially
as the pointers for next year
are to a host of new spending
priorities.

Gory detail

It is, of course, unthinkable
that the 1985 Budget will
‘spell out in all its fory detail
what is wrong with the eco-
nomy and what king-size tax
increase is required to adjust
to the new reality: a public-
sector share of gross domes-
tic product considerably
larger than the historic norm
and likely to grow larger, in-
stead of a decline from pre-
sent levels — as most of us
seem to hope for.

There are so many wrongs
to be righted — in black edu-
cation, in black urban areas,
in economic decentralisation
‘on and across our borders —
that it could keep at least

three generations of us work-

3400/194

ing full time to correct them
all, Instead, our political
leadership appears to want
to do it in five years.

Same again

So 1985 is likely to be much
like 1984: a pre-Budget tax
increase — probably GST —
a stiff Budget tax increase
and another GST lift after the
Budget.

After all, the present 10%
GST is indecently low com-
pared with foreign rates of
up to 20% — with 33% on
Juxuries! We have some way
to go before the Treasury has
exhausted this potential gold
mine that levies tax so effec-
tively on the black popula-
tion, which so far has kept
mostly outside the direct tax

. system because of low in-

comes.

Fred du Plessis, chairman
of Sanlam, says we do not
need a 25% prime overdraft
rate to induce companies to
eut costs, employment, in-
vestment, stocks — in fact,
anything that can be cut —
until ultimately going out of
business.

If they last long enough,
interest rates of 20% do that
effectively.

Wrong signals

For the Reserve Bank to
reduce interest rates now,
while credit demand remains
strong, could send out the
wrong signals to a financial

* community ready to start the

next speculative cycle.

62

Interest rates will there-
fore stay high as a show of
strength. Consumers are cut-
ting back, while companies
are increasing their borrow-
ing to finance growing stock
positions because of sluggish
sales, Neither of these devel-
opments is a good reason to
maintain a 25% prime rate.

High overall demand
through excessive Govern-
ment Spending should not
levy an unduly large interest-
rate burden on productive
private companies. If the

vernment had taken direct
measures — higher HP depo-
sits and reduced instalment
periods — much earlier than
it did, credit demand would
have petered out more quick-
ly.

Adequate

Dr de Kock would not have
needed to increase prime to
25% and would not now be
stuck with something he does
not really want but cannot be
seen to be easing premature-

ly.

Although overall demand
in the economy remains ade-
quate to ensure 2% to 3%

‘DP growth — admittedly
helped by growth in export
volume — some individuals
and companies are being
murdered by a 25% prime
and its attendant interest
rates, courtesy of the Gov-
ernment.

To work for this Govern-
ment by way of taxes is one
thing, to bleed for it through
unnecessarily high interest
rates is another.



SOUTH AFRICA

WORK STAYAWAY ORGANIZER INTERVIEWED BEFORE ARREST
"I Am a Revolutionary'
Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 11 Nov 84 pill
[Interview with Thami Mali by Graham Watts, date, place not given]

[Text] Thami Mali leaned forward and looked over the top of his glasses. Te
wasn't being hesitatnt. He just wanted to make sure he was understood.

It was a simple thing he wanted to say: “Exactly.”

I had just accused him, if I based my judgment purely on what he had said to
me, of being a revolutionary.

“Exactly, he repeated. "And we make no escuses for it."

I recalled that, as with all interviews, I had offered to turn off the tape
recorder at any stage should he ask me to go "off the record."

As it turned out, nothing was said off the record.

Thami Mali--and his "comrade", Siphiwe Thusi--had agreed to an interview on
the second day of a two-day work stayaway in the ‘Transvaal this week which
had seen industry and commerce wracked by 65% to 90% absenteeism.

Mr Thusi is an organiser for the General and Allied Workers Union, one of the
participating unions,

Outside, as we spoke, the country was torn by conflict. The police and army
were in the townships. Seventeen people had died already and the financial
cost was still being estimated. Railway coaches smouldered, Putco buses stood
wrecked at the sides of the roads they had dared to enter.

If Messrs Mali and Thusi had helped to organise the stayaway, what were they
doing with me on its second day drinking coffee in the centre of Johannesburg
and talking revolution?

They explained it quite simply: the "people" run their own stayaways, Messrs
Mali, Thusi and others just do the organising groundwork. Though later, when

68



activity in Mozambique continues to escalate, giving ereditibility to a state~
ment released a week ago by the organisation's external wing that the rebels
had launched their biggest offensive,

It was reported earlier this year that South Africa had pumped a a two-year
supply of war provisions through ‘to the MNR itiside Mozambique before the
Nkomati pact. But even-so military. sources doubt. that the, MNR would be in a
position to escalate its operations after ‘eight months of intensive activity
following the signing of the accord in March;

The Mozambique authorities and some Western observers in the Maputo believe
the MNR still has a close external regional’link. Furthermore, ‘intelligence
sources believe the MNR’still has a reasonable communications system. The
official position in Maputo is that the aid is being provided’ by’ right-wing
or freelance elements in South Africa or both.

They cite the evidence of caputred rebels, the latest being a youth who claimed
he had seen a parachute supply drop in September in central Mozambique and had
helped carry. the provisions to. the base camp.

The other suspected link is the Comoro Islands at the northern entrance to

the Mozambique’ Channel. - Consistent speculation has pinpointed this scattered
group of islands as an alternative supply base which might explain the un-
precedented escalation. of MNR activity in the northern. Province’ 0 of Cabo
Delgado,: traditionally Frelimo's firmest powerbase:

Further afield, the mR is known to have Links in 1 Ligbon from where its main
external officials operate.

Last week Mozambique conveyed its grave concern to’ the Lisbon Government about
Portuguese, support for the rebels which, a Government communique said, was the
main obstacle to a cessation of violence in Mozambique. ‘

According. to reports, the MNR ‘also has strong: links with West Germany's right-
wing Christian Social Union, headed by Mr Franz Josef: Strauss.

Several of the. MNR''s shadow cabinet are using Nairobi: asa base, - But they
are living in, the country. as. registered international refugees, under:the
auspices of the United Nations and it is considered unlikely. that. the Kenya
Government is aware of their involvement, in a political organisation.

Most Western governments are giving the MNR the cold shoulder, despite the = =
organisation's stated.anti-Communist line. Although:two of the Nairobi-based
MNR officials were recently allowed. to visit the United States to address»
the anti-Communist World.Conference for Freedom, Washington strongly disap~
proved. Anxious not to jeopardise its rapidly improving’ relations with one of
Moscow's once firmest allies in Africa, :Washington at first refused to grant
visas then, when the MNR men were reluctantly allowed in, they were warned

not to cause trouble during their stay.: :

Whatever happens over ‘the impasse -in ‘the peace @ negotiations, it. will be a long
time before events on the ground demonstrate the extent of MNR support outside
and inside Mozambique.

cso: 3400/205
13.



SOUTH AFRICA

‘TREMENDOUS FUTURE' FOR PLATINUM FORECAST
Johannesburg MINING WEEK in English 24 Oct 84 pp 1, 2
[Article by Val Pienaar]

[Text] PLATINUM has a "tremendous future" as a foreign exchange earner for
South Africa, according to Dr Adan Edwards, the newly-appointed president of
the Council for Mineral Technology (Mintek).

“South Africa's reserves of the platinum group sales are twice the size of its
gold reserves,

“Already we produce some two million ounces of the world's approximately three-
million-ounces-a-year platinum consumption-~and we have the capacity to increase
production to whatever the market will bear," he told Mining Week.

Dr Edwards explained that platinum was still a relative newcomer to the indus~
trial scene in that, although many of its valuable properties had long been
recognised, their potential had yet to be fully realised.

This, he said, was one of Mintek's prime concerns at present.

"The most astonishing feature of platinum is its enormous diversity," he said.
“This is also one of its most valuable features. Although alternatives may be
found to platinum in many of its applications, it is unlikely that they will
match it for performance and, once it is established, they will have difficulty
shaking its market standing due to the broad base on which it can rest."

He said Mintek was currently investigating the industrial potential of the
metal's corrosion-resistant properties.

"By adding small quantities of selected platinum group metals~~specifically,
ruthenium and palladium~-to chromium-bearing steels, their corrosion-resistance

may be greatly enhanced, at a cost competitive with other corrosion-resistant
steels,

“Although specialised, the market for this is potentially enormous.

96



NAMIBIA

GOVERNMENT CUTBACKS DUE TO _ ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK «ADVERTISER in English 2% Oct 84 PP, 1, 3.
[Text]

‘+. ‘available funds for’ capital ‘Jess it is absolutely essen-

tial,” he said.

be ke B pote oi faye Be k di mt
THE DEPARTMENT of Water Affairs continuation of our con
is to lay off more than 200 “temporary”

workers ‘over the ‘ni

., part of the SWA Goverhment ‘Service’s
campaign to drastically. streamline the !
bureaucracy and cut costs.

At the same. time, heads
of other Government.
Departments have con-
firmed they were also cut-
ting back by not filling
vacancies to comply with
current economic condi-

“tion's, |”

This is in keeping with w,
the® policy announced by
the Administrator General,
Dr. Willie van Niekerk,
earlier this ‘month. *

At the opening of the
* Wihdhoek Show ‘he said

Ieait” 200 workers “main-
dy ‘concerned. .with con-
struction activities”.

“This was not altogether
unusual as these workers
were hired: on :, special,
:Goyernment Service condi-
tions applicablé’- only to

Water Affairs, however.

They were hited on a 24
hour..notice -basis for ..a
specific job. When this was

completed and another job“ ”

was available they were
‘kept on; the spokesman ad-

“302 vacant Government qe;

posts had already been’

axed and was expected to
“ ‘save RL9m. >

eAn impeccable . govern-

ment _ source . yesterday

‘confirmed the Department 5

‘would be laying off “at

3400/197

Hioweves, because of the
depressed state of the
‘econoriiy: Water- “Affairs
were having to-cut back,
We. vare -.busy. . con-
‘our total’ con-
struction’ activities because ”

18

t two ‘months, aS the ‘Advertiser.

continuation of. our ¢on-
struction activities on the
scale we started off in
1978/79,” the official told

“We need to fit i in with
the ‘needs of the country
‘and comply with existing
economic conditions.”

The retrenching of peo-
ple. was part of their effort
to scale down and con-
solidate.
~ “It is not easy to do, but

we have to do it,” the

spokesman said,

tonly

“We now have. approx-
imately 15% less people
than 18 months ago. It is
part of the programme to
save on expenditure.”

The Postmaster-
General, Mr JPJ Nel, said
the Post Office was taking
the Government’ts
guidelines “seriously”.

“But this has only af-
fected two to three posi-

“tions so far,”

‘Meanwhile, it was con-
firmed this morning that
12 | , secretaries

Another ‘government of f employed by the, _Govern-

ficial ‘said ‘all -infrastruc-

ment qualified “ for’ a

tural departments were monthly R314 clothes’ al-
haying to, cut back. “in one: lowance’.as teported . by
way or another”. ; . The Advertiser:last week.

. |. But, according to. the
“And it i8 not only fiap-: Secretary of the Central
pening here, but all ‘over Personnel Institute, Mr
South Africa.”. | Fanie Gous, only. three of.
The Regional, Manager | the 12 actually receive the
of the SA Transport Ser-] allowance — the
vices, Mr Willie’ Strauss,| secretaries of. Mr Jan
said the Railways‘had pur-| Greebe, © the Chief Ex-

+ sued this: policy. for 18' ecutive Officer, Mr Danie

months already. van Vuuren,the Chairman
“When somebody retires | of the Government Service
we do’not replace ‘him yin: Commission, * - and * the
Auditor General Prof. Piet

Malherbe.

Others eligible for the al-
lowance are the secretaries
of the Chairmen of the Se-

- cond Tier Authorities.



To try, as the Government's media attempted, to say that the residents of
Sebokeng and Sharpeville were "delighted" is a monumental lie.

To humiliate, harass and browbeat people--and then pretend that they are
“delighted"~-is the usual head-in-the-sand attitude that continues to blind
people from the realities of black anger in this country.

We have found no evidence of "delight". We have merely found anger, frustra-
tion and a sense of hopelessness.

People are getting extremely discouraged about the prospects of this Govern-
ment facing the true realities of our existence in this country.

People are getting extremely discouraged about the prospects of this Govern-
ment facing the true realities of our existence in this country.

Even more serious is the involvement of the army in these operations. This
spells out a declaration of war by the authorities. The use of the Defence
Force can only leave people with the impression that war has been declared-~
and that they are regarded as the enemy.

I must repeat what I have always said--that there is an alternative to all
this violence and the unnecessary show of force.

That alternative lies in the realisation that this old and sterile political
order must give way to a new, dynamic tackling of our problems in a realistic
manner,

That does not include sham political experiments such as president councils,
tricameral parliaments and irrelevant bantustan institutions.

It lies in realising’ that no matter how hard they try, ‘the Government cannot
destroy the leadership of people such as Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo and a
host of others.

They remain the custodians of our people's aspirations and values. Their |
stature has not diminished--it has grown to incredible proportions.

The people who the Government has elected to speak to, do not represent the
leadership of ‘our people. Events in the’ last few years have clearly demon-
strated this.

They remain bent on political opportunism fér no reason but serving self-
interests. When problems arise, they just disappear into thin air--unable to
intervene in‘a way that leaders should.’

We are not kids to be fed with the poisoned milk of apartheid. Nor are we
lunatics who do not know what we want.

It would be an act-of stupidity for anybody to have any illusions about that.
Our people know that they will be’free one day. About this they have no doubts.

47



SCRAPPING OF INFLUX CONTROL URGED

. SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English-11 Nov 84 p 20

[Article by Dr Zac de Beer:

[Text]
WE SOUTH Africans are quite
naturally conscious of the fact that
our society is a unique one. .

But all too often we allow that
consciousness to grow into an
obsessional belief that everything in
South Africa is different from
everything in the rest of the world.
‘That is nonsense.

Urbanisation is a world-wide
phenomenon.

There is nothing to be done to
stop this process. Furthermore, the
evidence is accumulating that one
shouldn’t do anything to stop it,
because the quality of life is not
adversely affected by the size of
cities as such.

It depends on proper planning
and management of the
urbanisation process.

Now, I believe I have prepared
the ground for the major
proposition I have to put to you’
today. It is this: :

Influx control in South
Africa is discriminatory and
offensive to human dignity.

It negates the basic
principles of free enterprise
and interferes with economic
progress.

It obscures the facts that
are essential to proper
planning. Moreover, it is a
spectacular failure here, as it
is elsewhere.

We who are private sector
employees have a special
involvement, and a special
responsibility. Because our
employees are directly affected, we

92°

"Why Influx Control Has Got To Go"]

ourselves are indirectly — but
profoundly — affected also.

Increasingly, as trade unions and
other organs of industrial relations
develop, we shall find ourselves
‘discussing influx contro] and related
matters with our people — and we
shall have to know what to say to
them.

I put it to you that the only thing
we should, can or dare say to them
is that influx control must go.

As to how it goes, there is room ~
for debate. That it has to go, seems
to me incontrovertible.

As an urgent priority, it must be
replaced by a well-planned and
thoroughly structured urbanisation

policy.

This is what some major business
leaders in South Africa have said
recently:

Advocate D P de Villiers, recently
retired chief executive of Nasionale

- Pers: “An overwhelming case seems

to be building up for a fundamental
rethink, with a view possibly to the
phasing out of influx contro] and the
‘substitution for it of better balanced _
policies for coping with the ete
inevitable processes of
urbanisation.”

Basil Hersov, chairman
Anglo-Vaal: “Urbanisation is an
inevitable and irreversible process,
requiring carefully considered
initiatives rather than futile and
expensive attempts to counter its

progress.

“Urbanisation must be accepted
and converted into a positive
element in our situation.”



A. They are aware a Nigerian was arrested by the British authorities, And
we heard that this man was being treated like a spy. He was being tortured
in British jails, even though this affair did not involve any British subject.

All the people involved are non-British., No wrong was done against Britain
other than to say that an attempt was made to commit a crime on British soil.
That is all, But to arrest somebody to treat him like a spy, and torturing
him like a spy is the most cruel thing that anybody could do. . We did not
expect anything like that from a friendly country.

Q. Earlier on, you mentioned that whoever did any wrong will have'to be. +

brought for trial. Wow far is the Nigerian Government ready ‘to get any of
the exiles who it feels is subverting it, or has committed a crime?

A. We are working very hard preparing all the cases and seeking their extra-
dition. And we have been assured by some governments that some of these people
will be extradited immediately we submit the papers, oo :

Q. Any of them in Africa? g

A. Not that Iam aware of,

Q. Any word whether Shagari will be taken to court?

A. I don't know. You see the tribunals are still working.

Q. But he will definitely be appearing? _

A. I assume so. If all his lieutenants have been taken to court. ° why’ not
him?

CSO: 3400/173

a

30



LIFE IN MAPUTO DESCRIBED AS SPARTAN

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 31 Oct 84 p 20

[Article by David Thomas]

[Text]

MAPUTO — In a 1964 guide
book to Lourenco Marques, the
town clerk is quoted as saying:
“We Portuguese love Lourenco
Marques and are proud of what
God has given us.”

He spoke of the city’s beauty,
its beaches, gardens and streets
lined with blossom-covered
trees.

His Lourenco Marques is now
Maputo and belongs to the
Mozambicans,

The city is still beautiful.
Trees still line the avenues.
No, they were not chopped down
for firewood.

Yes, the city is rundown and
the shops are empty.

The beaches are still there,

CSO: 3400/196

though few tourists visit them.
‘When South Africans begin re-
turning to Maputo in increasing
numbers they will find a spar-
tan city.

The streets are delightfully free
from noisy, bumper-to-bumper
traffic.

‘There is none of the boa vida
(good life) reminiscent of the old
Lourenco Marques days.
Maputo has developed a
character of its own.

To South Africans Maputo will
be exotic in a different sense.
The city is non-racial.

‘There is no feeling of colour
discrimination, even in reverse.
Walls are covered in colourful

14

MOZAMBIQUE

revolutionary art and Marxist
slogans. .
Signs of the Russian connection
abound ... Russian-made Niva
four-wheel-drive civilian cars,
AK47-toting Frelimo soldiers,
Russian trawlers in the harbour, ~
Russian script on the sides of |,
containers being transported
towards the military barracks.
Anti-apartheid posters look
down on streets where Trans-
vaal-registered cars are bécom-
ing increasingly evident.

Other posters lauding the

“Nkomati Accord show President ~

Samora Machel sitting .
alongside South Africa’s State
President, Mr P W Botha, at the
border signing ceremony.
Anti-Mozambique national
resistance Bandido Armado *
posters have displaced the
‘ortuguese propaganda against
the Frelimo terrorista. “
‘The masses of children playing
in the streets appear happy
despite the critical food
shortages. :
Food queues are a part of life in
Maputo.
The uniformed soldiers, the
legless landmine victims, the
military vehicles are very much
in evidence in the capital of a
country which has been at war
for 20 years. — The Star’s
Foreign News Service.



CSO:

3400/194

We might add that we are not overly im-
pressed with the appeal the PFP’s financial
spokesman, Mr Harry Schwarz MP, to the

yvernment to make a full disclosure on the
earnings of the country’s public representa-
tives. While it is known that he is personally
unhappy about the situation, all the parties in
Parliament have been partners in this con-
spiracy of silence. .

58



TAZARA TRAFFIC HALTED

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 3 Nov

[Article by Patu Simoko]

[Text]

ZAMBIA

THE Tanzania Zambia Railway (Tazara) will grind to a

halt today because of serious cash problems,

‘al man- : Fhe d

eneral ‘ ved os
Charles Nyirenda has wee hey
confirmed that 5

passenger traffic bet-
ween Tanzania and
Zambia has already
been cancelled. Bass

‘The company was urgent- . .

ly looking for money to
Meet operational costs and
settle bills which were
piling up in Dar es Salaam.
, It was reported that a
huge amount of the money
was being held up in Zam-
Dia as*the Bank of Zambia
was not remitting it as
previously arranged.

The Bank of Zambia on
Thursday sent an emergen-

“ey -K300,000 to Tazara
headquarters in Dar es
Salaam but this was inade-
quate.

The rail line needs K8.7
million immediately for fuel
and other expenses incurred
in Tanzania.

Zambia is required to
send K1.5 million each
month to Dar es Salaam for
the company’s operations.

Gen Nyirenda said: “We
desperately need funds in
Tanzania to meet our debts
with fuel suppliers. Our
funds are held up in Zambia
because of lack of foreign

111,

exchange as we are made to
understand.

“To avoid closure of the
entire operations we have
suspended passenger ser-
vices. Mbeya and Mlimba
depots along the line have
completely no fuel as at
now.””

SETTLED

The general added that
Tanzania BP had agreed to
advance Tazara fuel for
K700,000 on condition that
the bill: was settled as soon
as money was received from
Lusaka. By yesterday it was
still not known when this
would be done.

The loading of Zambia-
bound cargo was going on
“smoothly” but there is no
confirmation that it will ar-
tive.

Gen Nyirenda said the
only solution to the pro-
blem would be for the Bank
of Zambia to honour in full
an agreement signed. bet-
‘ween Ine two central banks.

He said Tazara had K8
million debts in Tanzania
which must be settled im-
mediately.

The general did not in-
dicate how much money
:was being held up at the
Bank of Zambia.



ZAMBIA

SAUDI ARABIA GIVES MEDICINES
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 27 Oct 84 p 1

[Text] SAUDI Arabia yesterday donated nine tonnes of medical equipment and
drugs to the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka through President Kaunda
at State House.

The presentation was made by charge d'affaires Mr Yasser Samman at a cere-
mony which was attended by Secretary of State for Defence and Security Zulu
and permanent, secretary in the Ministry of Health Mr Mwiche Siwale.

Referring to the donation, Pr Kaunda said it was a reflection of the depth of
friendship between Zambia and Saudi Arabia.

Zambia has "a grave shortage" of medical equipment and medicines and the
Saudi gift would go a long way in alleviating the problem,

le thanked King Fahd for the equipment and medicines which were air-freighted
into the country during the tripartite celebrations.

Dr Kaunda instructed Chairman of the Social and Cultural Sub-Committee, Mr
Bob Litana who was present that he should ensure that the drugs were taken
to the "right places quickly".

Mr Samman said he hoped the drugs and equipment would be of use to the UTH.

--Zambia is happy to note "with deep appreciation" the role Austria continues
to play in helping the country's development efforts.

“We are happy that Austria and Zambia share a profound commitment to the ideas
of freedom and justice for mankind, irrespective of colour, creed, or status

in life," Dr Kaunda said in a message of congratulations to President Rudolf
Kircheschlager on Austria's independence day.

CSO: 3400/191

113



ANGOLA

COMMANDER OF 10TH REGION REVIEWS MILITARY SITUATION

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 13 Oct 84 p 3

[Interview with Major Keba, commander of 10th Military Region, by Aguiar
dos Santos]

[Text] “Come in and make yourself at home." On a Wednesday
morning, when Saurimo was sweltering under a temperature

of around 30 degrees Centigrade, I was received in the
office of the commander of the 10th Military Region, which
encompasses the two Lundas, North and South, and is the
newest one in the country. From the long interview that
followed with Major Keba--a calm young man, 33 years of

age, who measures his words before speaking--we are pub-
lishing the most significant parts below:

[Question] What is the main characteristic of the enemy's action in this
region and, in your opinion, what objective is he seeking?

[Answer] I would begin by dividing your question into two parts: first,
what is the characteristic of the enemy action in the region; and second,
what objectives is the enemy seeking, although the two aspects are inter-
connected.

Thus, in connection with the first part, I can tell you that the UNITA
counterrevolutionary group operates in the 10th Military Region. At the

end of 1982 it established itself in the areas of Alto-Chicapa, where it has
been unleashing actions against the municipalities of Cacola and Lubalo since
the beginning of 1983, that being its main route for the infiltration of

its forces further north.

Specifically, the actions of UNITA are characterized by attacks on hamlets,
settlements and even municipalities where there are only forces of ODP
[People's Defense Organization] detachments; the kidnapping of adults and
youths to forcibly incorporate into their ranks; the mining of the people's
planted fields in order to hamper their self-sufficiency, cause them fear
and terror and force them to adhere to their [UNITA] policy in an attempt
to discredit our party. Sporadically, they also attack our columns on the
Saurimo-Malanje Road, with greater frequency in the areas of Mon-Kimbundo
and Xinge, with the destruction of bridges and massacres.



VERWOERD'S APARTHEID DREAM EXAMINED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 6 Nov 84 p 10

[Article by Herman Giliomee]

[Text]

IN ITS search for pays
to accommodate blac
in a new constitutional
arrangement the Gov-
ernment has indicated
specifically that it
seeks solution for the
10-million blacks set-
tled permanently in
“white” SA.
It considers the constitu-
tional position of blacks liv-
in the and

dependent :
-governing homelands
: ersible, But

to be irrev are
the homelands viable politi-
cal entities?

In popular and academic
circles there is a strong ten-
dency to dismiss the home-
lands as corrupt and ineffi-
cient failures. The time has
come to take a close look at
its political in the
23 years since 1959 when Dr
HF V. gave new im-

petus to the homeland .

policy.
Dr Verwoerd’s policy had

three objectives. The first

and most important

was safeguart

rule over a

te

ding whi!
“white” SA. He

Today President Botha
remains equally committed
to the policy of maintaining
separate homelands for the
designated black ethnic

an ining wi
Sonttot over the remainder
of the country. .

The second of the
Verwoerdian y was to
provide a political outlet

blacks. The Gevelop-
ment of the political and ad-
ministrat structures of

tedly be
form of political decentral-
isation.

But two caveats should
be added: All the homelands
(with the possible exception
of Boph tswana) are so
greatly dependent on SA
economic aid that they en-
joy little more than the de-
ee ‘of political freedom

South African Govern-
ment wants them to enjoy.

Moreover, political de-
centralisation has greatly

the er of

presented the development - chief
of black homelands .as the The

only alternative to integra-
tion: the choice, in his
words, was either “an as-

geoeraphicall
the one before, and an

integrated state in which
the black man would event-
ually dominate.

a ay at

. Hav-
ing jot removed the lst
tation in Parliament he

90

needed a bold political al-
ternative in order to deflect
mounting world pressure
against’ apartheid.

‘The Promotion of Bantu
Self-Government Act was

emised heavily on the
Principle of the self-deter-
rinatlon of nations, a prin-
ciple enshrined in the
Charter of the UN and re- |
vered at that time by. the '

-powerful decolonisation

movement.

In int the act in

-1959 Dr Verwoerd informed

Parliament that “separate
Bantu development was in,
line with the objects of the
world at large”.

Today it sounds incredi-
ble that Dr Verwoerd could
have thought that the home-
lands would win interna-
cay day fe poly didnot
early days the policy did n
m wath blanket rejec-

ion.

In a recent biography,
Brian Urquhart reports on a
conversation that Dag
Hammerskjold, Secretary.
General of the UN, had wil
Dr Verwoerd in 1961. Mr
Hammerskjold declared
that the homeland policy
had to meet four require-
ments if it was to be consid-
ered by the world as a
“competitive alternative”
to integration.

First f a sufficient and
coherent territory had to be
set aside for a black state.
Secondly the South African

SOUTH AFRICA

Government would have to
Jay down’a plan for radical
economic development pro-
viding for industries’ and
economic growth within a
black state.
Thirdly the South African
Government would have to
produce a schedule for the
establishment of such poli-
tical institutions necessary
for self-government and in-
dependence.
tly, blacks working
outside the homelands
should have their political
and other human rights as
normally reco} .
As Mr Hammerskjold
phrased it in his memoran-

lum: “Prolonged residence
and integration in the
society where they were
working should entitle them
to acquire citizenship with
full civic rights.”

Mr Hammerskjold noted
afterwards that if these re-
quirements were not met

it would put in question the
homeland concept itself and’
the sincerity of the theory
pt forward in its defence”.
it is doubtful whether Dr
Verwoerd and his succes-
sors even contemplated

ig ersk-

jold’s criteria.
There has been little pro-
towards carving out
‘sufficient and coherent
territories” or of embark-
ing on “radical economic
development”. It was really
only with the Good Hope
proposals of 1982 that the



the renewed vigilance at seaports and
airports by Customs Department really
effective and to contain the problem of
smuggling. One issue that is likely
therefore to attract the attention of the
panel on Customs and Smuggling is the
desirability of employing currency devalua-
tion as a disincentive for smuggling. One
school of thought on the issue believes that
as long as the naira remains so over-valued
against other currencies; smuggling will
remain too profitable for those who engage
in it to give up. Professor Ayo Ogunseye,
President of the Lagos Chamber of
Commerce and Industry. is one of those
who hold this view and recently went on
network television to argue his case for a
devaluation on the basis of the ‘smuggling
hypothesis’. It is not clear what impression
this kind of argument will make on the
government.

Finance Minister Onaolapo Soleye for
one, is not overly taken by it. He rather
attributes the persistence of smuggling and
curreny trafficking to the high premium
Nigerians place on imported goods. Also,
recently, at about the same time as when
the study groups’ were settling down to
tackle ‘their assignments, another high-
level government official, Brigadier Tunde
Idiagbon, the No. 2 man, spoke on the
issue of the IMF loan and listed devalua-
tion as one of the conditions for the loan
that the government finds unacceptable.

It came as something of a surprise that
.the government should commission a fresh
study on statutory corporations and state-
owned companies when the report of the
Onosode Commission on the same issue,
submitted in 1981, is yet to be reflected in
government policy. Perhaps the govern-
ment felt it should start afresh since the
earlier commission on the issue was set up
by the ousted Shagari administration.

Whatever the FMG motivation was, the
terms of reference given to the study
-groups on. parastatals reveal that the
government is far from deciding on
whether or not to take the IMF loan since
.privatisation of some state-owned corpora-
tions - the desirability of which the
government is only now beginning to study
-, is known to be one of the conditions
stipulated by the Fund for a loan deal with
Nigeria.

“Given the rapidity with which in-
frastructural facilities fall into disrepair in
the country; the obvious lack of funds for
the construction of new ones; and’ the
perennial problem of undependable public
utilities; thé decision to study the problem
of maintenance of public utilities and
infrastructural facilities is a timely one. It is
equally timely to re-think the country’s

35

industrial policies: although it cannot be
said that there is a dearth of ideas in that
respect. There would appear to be a
general consensus that import substitution
industrialisation has exhausted whatever
possibilities it ever held for the country and
that the emphasis of industrial policies
should now be on local raw materials
sourcing, export promotion, the develop-
ment of indigenous technology and the
creation of domestic capacity for capital
and intermediate goods production. The
task before Chief Ogunbanjo’s study group
therefore seems clear cut. What it probably
now needs to do is work out the details of
some of the more useful ideas that have
been advanced; rationalise them and
present some to government as a unified,
logically-consistent policy package.

Food Production

It was only to be expected that in setting
up panels to, review various aspects of
government policy, the problem of food
production would come in for some
consideration. The problems of food
shortages together with the hike in import
bills for food and the consequent inflation
in food prices that have plagued the
country for some time now made the
establishment of the Aribisala panel more
or less mandatory. Its terms of reference
apart, one of the specific issues that the
panel must help resolve is whether the
emphasis of future strategies for increased
food production should be on the small or
large scale farmer.

Also, if its recommendations are to be
really useful, it seems obvious that the
panel must go beyond food production to
tackle not only agriculture in general; but
the problem of rural development as well.
Further, it must considér how the bureauc-
ratisation that evidently characterised both
the ‘Operation Feed the Nation’ and
Shagari’s ‘Green Revolution’ programmes
canbe minimised in whatever food
production scheme the government comes
up with in the future,

Education

If any policy area calls for the present
government to go back to its drawing
board; that policy area is the funding of
education. For, so far, it is one area in
which the regime has failed most in
meeting the expectations of Nigerians.
Since they came to power, the military
have been pursuing rather revisionist
policies in this area - introducing school
fees where none -existed before and
increasing them, sometimes astronomical-
ly, where only token fees were paid in the



“For example, if the world's total ruthenium production was used to manufac-

ture this type of commodity, it would produce some 10 000 tons of highly
sophisticated, high-quality steel a year," he said.

Another facet of Mintek's research in this field is in the creation of a

fusion-bonded platinum skin on to steel, also to increase its corrosion-
resistance,

cso:

However, Dr Edwards
said that despite its
chemical properties, pla-
tinum’s greatest market
penetration to date has
been in the field of jewel-
lery manufacture.

“Japan takes some 25
to 33 percent of the
world’s platinum pro-
duction for jewellery,
but in the Western World
the metal is not popular
in jewellery.

“It’s too dull and
insignificant-looking to
appeai to Western tastes.
Clearly, in the longer
term, its prime potential
is an industrial metal.”

3400/194

Dr Edwards pointed
out that platinum’s
potential as a catalyst for
converting nitrous gases
and’ carbon monoxide
into non-toxic gases was
already being recognised
by car exhaust manufac-
turers overseas.

However, he said the
potential size of this mar-
ket was limited by the
ability to regenerate the
metal.

“In time this facet of
the market will have a-
fairly large recycled.com- ,
ponent. It’s not likely to
exceed one million oun-
ces of unused platinum a
year.’” .

97

“One of the most exci-
ting applications of plati-
num is the fuel cell,
which converts hydrogen
and carbon monoxide
Bases directly into electri-
city.

“This is still at the test-
ing stage in the US,
where further power sta-
tions are planned in the
10 MW range, but it has
great potential, being vir-
tually pollution-free and
with a total energy utili-
sation of about 80 per-
cent.’”

Dr Edwards said plati-
num was also used in
chemotherapy, although
this market was very

small, and added that
Mintek was investigating
its potential in a variety
of other fields which he
was unable to disclose.

“Finally, there is the
possibility of using it in
coinage. I believe the
Noble, which is produ-
ced on the Isle of Mann,
is currently selling well,”
he said.

“The main advantage
of a platinum coin is that
it would provide an ideal
dumping ground for
metals in the group that
are selling less well in
industry.

“Clearly, with six
metals in the group it is
inevitable that some of
them will tend to be out
of phase with the
others.””



NIGERIA

ELECTRICITY FLUCTUATION CAUSES DAMAGE IN KADUNA
Kaduna THE DEMOCRAT WEEKLY in English 7 Oct 84 pp 1, 10
{Article by Phil Osagie]

[Text] KADUNA--Electronics and domestic appliances worth thousands of naira
have been destroyed in some areas of Kaduna due to power fluctuations. The
damages were caused by excessively high current from NEPA's transformers.

The abnormally high voltage and consequent damages to electrical sets occured
mainly in some parts of Barnawa. Kakuri and Tudun Wada, Chanes Uko one of
the victims whose colour TV and video sets were blown said he had never ex-
perienced such a high current before. Musa Usman who lives at Barnawa la-
mented that his hi-fi sets and table fan were blown despite the fact that

he uses a stabilizer.

The power fluctuation is most unusual. Each residential house is supposed
to have a mini current breaker (MCB) which cuts off power automatically in
case of overloading or electrical danger.

Electricity is supplied by distribution transformers which are in turn fed by
a power house through various power lines. If many houses are overloaded, a
system in the distribution transformer automatically disconnects all the
houses in that line,

According to the PRO of NEPA in Kaduna, Mr Sylvanus Onoguwe, it is only

when the fault affects many transformers that the monitoring control is
alerted, "So it is very important for consumers to complain to NEPA whenever
any fault occurs because NEPA's patrol team cannot discover all faults as most
transformers have their own safety and automatic control devices".

Mr Onoguwe pointed out that power fluctuations are caused by overloading due
to illegal connections, mechanical faults in the distribution transformers or
friction between two supply lines.

The recent fluctuations in Kaduna and consequent damages revive the legal
question of whether public utilities should be held liable for their inef-
ficiency, Mr Gbenga Atoki, a legal practitioner said "the law establishing
NEPA exempts them from liability for non-supply, suspension or disruption of
power,

38