LIBERIA

BRIEFS

TROOPS IN CHAD—-Monrovia, 27 May (LINA/PANA)--The minister of youth and sports,
Colonel Fred J, Blay, has called on the OAU to insist on the total withdrawal

of all foreign forces in Chad, in a bid to resolve the conflict in that country.
He said the Chadian conflict could be easily resolved if all foreign forces were
withdrawn. The conflict, he stated, had escalated because of the continued
intervention of foreign forces in the territory. Colonel Blay made the call in
Monrovia Friday, at a local high school, during a program marking the 21st anni-
versary of African Liberation Day. Appropriate programs marking African
Liberation Day were held at almost all secondary schools in Liberia, in accord-
ance with an earlier government proclamation declaring the day a working holiday.
Colonel Blay emphasised that if the OAU were to continue receiving international
recognition and reputation, it was a challenge for its member states to implement
the resolutions it had adopted on Chad. He then urged the youths of Africa to
develop a "consciousness for pan-Africanism," so as to intensify the struggle
for economic liberation, social orientation and political emancipation to which
their forefathers devoted their lives. [Text] [AB271345 Dakar PANA in English
1231 GMI 27 May 84]

cso: 3400/1022

15



MOZAMBIQUE

NURSES, MIDWIVES TRAINED IN CABO DELGADO
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 8 May 84 p 3

[Text] In the past few days, the health sector in Cabo Delgado Province has
gained 33 new professionals: 20 primary-level nurses and 13 midwives, also novices.
On 28 April, they completed training courses which they had been attending for
about 1 year at the Province Training Center for Health Cadres, located in the
Natite district in the city of Pemba.

As Teresinha Carrilho, provincial health director in Caho Delgado, said during
the closing ceremony for the courses, "this is the first time nurses and midwives
have received training in our province."

The new nurses and midwives will soon be assigned to various health facilities
in Cabo Delgado, to serve the needs of the people in this province.

In fact, at this time, as the provincial health director noted, Cabo Delgado,
Niassa and Nampula provinces face serious difficulties in obtaining specialized
cadres for the health sector, which has meant that “many times there is only
one nurse to serve about 70,000 inhabitants in the district in which he works."
The director added that this is what led the Health Ministry to decide to decen-
tralize cadre training and initiate training at the province level.

The curriculum for these first two elementary training courses for nurses and
midwives in Cabo Delgado consisted of four phases, which lasted 44 weeks in all.
The first three phases were classes in theory in the city of Pemba, and the last
phase was an internship in the district hospitals of Mueda, Montepuez and
Mocimboa da Praia, which enabled the students "to experience at close hand the
most elementary health problems in rural areas and our own efforts on behalf

of the patients."

The ceremony ending the two courses was led by Teresinha Carrilho, provincial
health director in Cabo Delgado Province. Among those attending the ceremony
were Enusso Nurmomad, national director of human resources of the Ministry of
Health, and Simao do Rosario Napica, president of the executive council of the
city of Pemba.

In their message, the new health cadres praised the attention they received from

the instructors, the provincial health director and the old professionals in
the health sector, both during their theoretical classes and their practical

36


MOZAME TOUR,

REACTIVATED 'CARBOMOC® TO INCREASE PRODUCTION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 7 May 84 p 2

[Text] As a result of the rehabilitation propram which has
been going; on for some time in the company, with the intro-
duction of improved techniques, CARBOMOC [Mozantiaue National
Coal Company] will begin to increase its coal production in

the middle of 1984, Overall underground production should reach
2 willion tons in 1985, The expansion program will extend to
1986, with surface production between 2.5 willion and 3 million
tons per year.

According to a source in the sector, the company's rehabilitation project,
initiated about 2 years ago, involved intensive technical assistance, primarily
from the CD", pursuant to the cooperation accords signed with the GDR Government.

Within this cooperation, studies wereconducted for the expansion of the company's
production with the use of improved methods and technology, construction of

a coal-washing complex andthe opening of another mine in the production area

of Moatize.

Phase of Txpansion

Shen the rehabilitation program began, only three mines were producing coal,
using a mining system of galleries and pillars, which permitted an average daily
production capacity of 2,900 tons.

The mines then in production were "Chipanga 3", "Chipanga 4" and "Chipanga 7,"
whose quotas were set, respectively, at 600 tons, 1,000 tons and 1,009 tons.
The "Chipanga 8" mine, with a production goal of 390 tons, was at that time
undergoing expansion, which is now completed.

With the introduction of the rehabilitation activities, underground production
overall will increase to 2 million tons per year, starting in 1985, and surface
production ill reach betwen 2.5 million and 3 million tons, starting in 1986,

These are considered minimum goals, however. The results of the prospecting

operations which have been conducted will determine the pssibilities Cor develop-
nent.

32


NAMIBIA

NUJOMA SAYS SWAPO TO CONTINUE NAMIBIAN STRUGGLE
1D221329 Algiers APS in English 1012 GMT 22 May 84

[Text] Libreville, 5 May (APS)--"SWAPO is determined to intensify the armed
struggle in Namibia," Mr Sam Nujoma, SWAPO president, declared during his stay
in the Gabonese capital, coming from Lusaka, after the aborted attempt of direct
negotiations with South Africa.

In an exclusive declaration to the ALGERIAN NEWS AGENCY (APS) special envoy in
Libreville, President Nujoma estimated that Pretoria racist regime attempted to
use the Lusaka meeting to start a policy which aims first of all at bringing it
out of its diplomatic isolation. He also estimated, in this connection, that
the next European tour of the racist Botha comes in this policy and he firmly
condemned the Western countries and particularly the USA which grants a greater
and a greater support to the South African racist regime.

Asked about Lusaka negotiations failure, Mr Nujoma declared that in January 1984
Pretoria proposed to the SWAPO, a meeting in Windhoek in Namibia, with the puppets
of the Multipartite Conference and with the so-called governor of South Africa
for Namibia. "We have rejected these proposals by suggesting to include the
puppets of the multipartite in the South-African delegation. In the eventuality
of negotiations with Pretoria," Mr Nujoma added.

On another turn, Mr Sam Nujoma indicated that SWAPO preserved intact its military
potential inside Namibia and that it is determined to intensify the national
liberation struggle. "Namibia's independence is close, it is inevitable" he
added, before indicating that in spite of a growing Western assistance the
economic situation in South Africa is catastrophic. Many white "citizens" are
leaving the country where a real Nazi’ policy is carried on out, while one is
creating the world public opinion, in this regard and one helps Pretoria to go
out of its isolation.

Estimating that the last accords concluded by Pretoria with certain front line
countries will not have serious consequences on the national liberation struggle
in South Africa and in Namibia, Mr Nujoma said that it is more than an imperialist
strategy to make the racist regime accepted and indeed even "honourable."

Mr Nujoma, who compared this strategy, to the one led with the Reagan administra-
tion's support in the Middle East, by the Zionists, stated that the apartheid is
doomed to disappear and that the struggle of the Namibian and South African peoples
will be victorious. On another turn, he called for the reinforcement of the
African and international assistance to its movement.

In this connection, he paid tribute to Algiers' effective and constant support to
SWAPO and the liberation movements in Africa.

cso:
Si 3400/1004 a



The governments which had the audacity to officially invite the South African
head of government are reaffirming their recognition of racism as a means of
political administration, while they pretend to condemn it in diplomatic circles
and international meetings. To recognize the South African racist regime is

to contribute to the maintenance of colonialism and racism in Africa. This means
defending the subjugation of people and rejecting the complete liberation of

the African Continent from colonialist domination.

If the countries that invited the South African prime minister have proclaimed
themselves to be defenders of democracy and of human rights, then they must
prove it before [passage indistinct]. The African peoples are aware of their
responsibilities, and the present reality shows that it is necessary to continue
joining their efforts to develop the struggle against apartheid and for the
liberation of Namibia and South Africa from the racist occupation forces. It is
necessary to fight and increase aid to the Namibian and South African peoples so
that they can intensify their national liberation struggle.

The peoples of Southern Africa want peace--a peace that should be established on
a just basis and not imposed by forces that deny the true liberation of the
region from colonialism and racism. It is in this spirit that the Frontline
States are making efforts to talk with the racist South African regime.

Now it is known that the destabilization of Southern Africa is being carried out
by South Africa with the support of the American Government and countries of
Western Europe. To. think otherwise is to ignore the reality of the facts and
encourage a reactionary regime which is condemned by international opinion. The
international community knows that it is the Pretoria racist regime that is
launching military operations against African countries.

All of Africa protests against the visit of Pieter Botha to Western European

countries to seek moral, political, material, and military support. Botha's
visit offends the dignity of the African peoples.

CSO: 3419/675



SOUTH AFRICA

WALVIS BAY COLORED URGED TO VOTE
Walvis Bay NAMIB TIMES in Afrikaans 13 Apr 84 p 13

[Unsigned article: "Walvis Is Politically and Economically Part of South
Africa: Every Colored Who Qualifies Has Full Right to Participate"]

[Text] Walvis bay has the assurance that it is politically and economically
a full member of the Republic of South Africa, and therefore the colored
residents of this enclave who qualify for it have full right to participate
in the election of 22 August of members of the House of Representatives, said
Mr. Japie Basson, a member of the Constitution Committee of the President's
Council, on Tuesday evening.

Mr. Basson, a former member of the House of Assembly for what was then the
Namibian constituency, was speaking at an information meeting in connection

with the upcoming election. The meeting was attended by about 50 interested
parties.

Mr. Basson said further that Walvis Bay had been administered for some years
by what was then the South-West Africa Administration but had nevertheless
always been a territory of the Republic.

"Walvis Bay can consider itself fortunate that it is certain it will be able
to participate in the political developments in South Africa. It will still
be a long time before there is such certainty in South-West Africa, and then
after independence this certainty will largely depend on the kind or charac-
ter of government.that is established there. It may be that a government
with socialist ideas will be able to come into power and attempt to live in
enmity with the Republic, which in turn will lead to poverty and economic
collapse. South Africa has played Father Christmas to the South-West for
years. :

"Walvis Bay is also in the fortunate position of being able to take part in
everything that. happens in South Africa and, instead of confrontation, can
change over to the new policy of cooperative demo¢racy."

Mr. Basson outlined the political path of the coloreds and said that they
were originally included in the collective voters' roll, but only in the

Cape. They also had to meet certain restrictive requirements there before
they could obtain the right to vote. The right to vote was limited to men

51



NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

UN BODY PESSIMISTIC--The United Nations Council for Namibia sees no future for
negotiations with South Africa on the territory's independence. That is the
message from Zambian UN Representative Paul Lusaka, who heads the council.
Speaking at the Nonaligned Movement's meeting in New Delhi, he said the
Nonaligned Movement is seeking to exert action to pressure South Africa into
quitting Namibia. He further said officials of the council's member states
will meet and discuss the Namibian question on Monday. [Text] [MB181954 Umtata
Capital Radio in English 1900 GMT 18 May 84]

TIES WITH KAMPUCHEA~-Kampuchea and Namibia have similar problems because they
involve the occupation of foreign troops, a senior Khmer Rouge official said
yesterday. Sung Sikoeun, the Democratic Kampuchea representative to the
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), said the
Namibian problem involved many factors, just like the Kampuchean problem.
"They are there in defiance of UN resolutions, and free elections under UN
supervision are impossible," he said. He also‘said that during Khieu Samphan's
visit to Niger from 27 April-1 May, the Khmer Rouge leader was able to confer
with African friends, and obtained their support. "We have traditional ties
with African countries. They are poor, but their moral support is the most
welcome," he said. The African countries which have maintained diplomatic
relations with Democratic Kampuchea are Togo, Niger, Egypt, Sudan, Somalia,
Mauritania, Gabon, Gambia and Senegal, he said. [Excerpt] [BK230209 Bangkok
THE NATION REVIEW in English 23 May 84 p 5]

MPC SPOKESMAN ON UNITY~--Windhoek, 28 May (SAPA)—-A government of national unity
in SWA/Namibia could be a ‘solution to the dispute over the territory, provided
there was reconciliation among the people of the territory, a spokesman for the
Multiparty Conference, Mr Eben van Zijl, said, according to a SWABC news report
in Windhoek today. Mr van Zijl had been referring to suggestions by West

African leaders on how reconciliation could be achieved. He said if attempts to
achieve reconciliation succeeded, an election would be fatal and would only cause
confusion and conflict. Mrvan Zijl said the Western Contact Group and the UN were
interested solely in independence for SWA/Namibia. They were not concerned about
what would happen after independence, and would not bear responsibility for the
post—independence situation. Mr van Zijl said UN Resolution 435 and SWAPO could
be obstacles to the search for peace, as the resolution was formilated in circum-
stances that did not apply at present. The MPC was not considering alternatives,
but could do so if SWAPO did not end its hostilities soon. Mr van Zijl said the
people of SWA/Namibia could not wait indefinitely for a decision by the SWAPO
leader, Mr Sam Nujoma. [Text] [MB281630 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1311 GMT

28 May 84]

49



manner of admission. Of the yes-votes, 68 percent were in favor of

admission as recommended by the unversity committee. The stwlents who are
not in favor of admission were also able to qualify their no-vote. The
opinion of the stuljents voting no was that PU ought to play a role in bringing
about their own, Christian institution of higher education for Coloreds—~

44 percent of the no-votes were in favor of this. 39.8 percent of the no-
votes supported the opinion that Coloreds mst take the initiate themselves

if the need for such an institution exists. [Text] [Bloemfontein DIE
VOLKSBLAD in Afrikaans 27 Apr 84 p 9] 12620

cs0: 3401/72

55



NAMIBIA

CONTRADICTIONS IN SWAPO CLAIMS OVER BOMBS CITED
MB291820 Windhoek DIE REPUBLIKEIN in Afrikaans 18 May 84 ps6
(Editorial: "Laughable"]]

[Text] SWAPO is making itself a grotesque laughing stock. On the one hand,
it denies any knowledge of, or involvement in, acts of terror when these are
committed. . SWAPO, through Theo-Ben Gurirab, has denied responsibility for the
bomb attack in which two American officials lost their lives recently at
Oshakati; through Nico Bessinger, the organization has denied any knowledge of
who is behind the bomb explosion in Windhoek on Wednesday night.

Let us accept that neither of these two gentlemen nor their organization had
any. knowledge of the bombs mentioned. . Let us even accept that the two bombs
were not planted by SWAPO. Then the question is not who is responsible for
these outrages; the question then is: For which acts of terror is SWAPO
responsible then? For those it is keeping silent about?

The question goes further: Do the denying Theo-Ben Gurirab and Nico Bessinger
know of any acts of terrorism by members of their organization? If they are
completely in the dark, then their "we do not knows" become not a claim of
innocence but of ignorance! And Mr Bessinger is the man, is he not, who tells
us the armed struggle is to be taken to the doorsteps of the city dwellers and
the townsmen. When, on whose doorstep, by whom? And Mr Bessinger will reply:
"I know nothing of this; the police are investigating the matter." And if the
police find that this or that bomb, bullet, or hand grenade is after all linked
to a SWAPO member, will the innocent and ignorant Mr Bessinger accept it, or
deny it on grounds of ignorance?

In the final analysis, can any credibility be attached to Mr Bessinger's
statements on the actions of SWAPO members?

The other side of the SWAPO story is equally laughable. It says it is con-
tinuing its armed struggle; it is going to intensify the struggle, says SWAPO.
Yet, it refuses to accept responsibility for specific acts of terror, because
it "knows nothing" of such acts. Who, then, has told Mr Bessinger and Co that
SWAPO is still involved in any kind of war? After all, as SWAPO has taunted
in numerous occasions, it must be South Africa's underhandedness! If that is
the case, then SWAPO's request to discuss the "armed struggle against South
Africa" with that country is sheer foolishness.

47



Operating expenses alone account for 86,5 percent of the overall state ex-
penditure and this, despite.a-sharp curb inthe recruiting of civil servants and
the small increase in personnel expenditures: No general wage increases were
approved in 1982, the only wage~related expense being a uniform ‘increase of
2,000 Malian francs for the lowest paid personnel. A civil service entrance
examination was instituted in June 1983. In 1983, scheduled capital expendi-
tures amounted to only 3.34, billion FM out of a total state expenditure of

93.47 billion.

As Related to the State Sector

The situation of the state enterprises sector remains very bad. The overall
deficit of state enterprises was estimated at 9.8 billion FM in 1982.. Most
state enterprises show a deficit, but the companies most ‘responsible for this
overall result are SOMIEX (Import-Export Company, importing staple commodities
and exporting cotton), Air Mali, COMATEX (textiles) and SEPAMA (peanut oil).
SOMIEX was recently "reorganized:" Its management is to be improved by
reducing the inventory, closing the retail points of the private capital
company and, above all, laying off 450 employees.

As for Air Mali, some measures were recently taken: 150 were layed off, some
stopovers canceled. However, liquidation of the company is foreseeable, the
government being unable to find a company (Air France, UTA [Air Transport Union])
willing to accept a share in such a business.

As a matter of fact, the reorganization of the state sector has shown very little
progress, due to the difficulty of. finding buyers who will accept to take over
the liabilities of non-profit-earning companies and laying off workers in a
country in which the number of wage earners is already small (roughly 150,000
wage earners for a population of 7 million). The balance has not yet been

found between the reform of the state sector which leads to reducing costs and
increasing productivity and the high social cost of such a policy.

As Related to the Balance of Payments

Export revenues reached a new high in 1983 (17.4 percent), due mainly to the
favorable development of cotton sales. Export revenues linked to cotton
amounted to roughly 55 million FM in 1983 as compared to 37 billion in 1982.
The export of on-the-hoof animals is the second leading source of revenues
although a large share escapes customs control.

Imports consist mainly of machines and vehicles, oil products and foodstuffs.
Mali's foodstuffs dependency remains high since cereal imports increased by
67 percent (124,000 tons) in 1983. The trade balance deficit amounted to 45
million FM in 1983.

The 1983 IMF balance of payments estimates show a balanced situation, the

result of a reduced trade deficit and increased government contributions (aid
to food programs and to projects).

19



training. They recommended the appointment of a provincial supervisor of nursing
and the creation of housing facilities near the hospitals where no other housing
exists; this housing could be constructed with local materials.

"We assure you that we are going to use all the knowledge that we have acquired
in these 12 months to win the battle against sickness in the various areas of
the province," said the graduates in their message.

Speaking to the gathering, the provincial health director noted the importance
of training cadres in the province and urged the new health professionals to
perform their duties with zeal and dedication and never to lose sight of the
need for courtesy in their relationship with the patients.

6362
CSO: 3442/374

37



SOUTH AFRICA

Walvis Bay Colored Urged To Vote

(NAMIB TIMES, 13 Apr 84) .cccscccccccccsccccceccsceceseces

New Committee Inaugurated

(NAMIB TIMES, 13 Apr 84) cocscccscccccececscscevececoeeees

Briefs
Status of DIE PATRIOT
Students Vote on Colored
UGANDA

Briefs
PM on DPRK Aid

ZIMBABWE

Demonstrators Demand ZAPU Councillors Resign
(SAPA, 30 May 84) ..ccscccccscccececscece

51

53

54

56

57



MOZAMBIQUE

FISHNET FACTORY INAUGURATED WITH JAPANESE COOPERATION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 10 May 84 p 1

[Text] A new production unit for the manufacture of fishnets for industrial

and small-scale fishing was inaugurated yesterday morning in the city of Maputo.
The plant, with a prduction capacity of 80 tons of netting per year, is the result
of the cooperation accords between our country and Japan, Last year, that Asian
country donated 522 million yen to Mozambique to expand the net factory and to
build the Sopinho Fishing Complex in Zambezia Province.

The plant was inaugurated yesterday morning. Presiding over the ceremony, repre-
senting Mozambique, was Abdul Magid Osman, secretary of state for coal and hydro~
carbons. Masatoshi Furuichi, first secretary of the Japanese Enbassy in Tanzania,
represented his country. Several officials linked to the Japanese and Mozambican
fishing sectors also attended.

To Fill a Void

The work to expand the plant, which is now in full operation, was initiated in
August 1983, The total investment was 82,000 contos, 63,000 of which was in
foreign currency. The project is part of the plan to increase domestic produc-
tion of fishnets, aimed at the gradual replacement of imported nets.

Sources connected with the fishnet factory assured our reporter that the unit
will be producing higher quality nets (greater durability and capacity), in addi-
tion to filling the existing gap in the supply of fishnets, a problem that is
affecting the industrial and private fishing sectors. According to the same
source, the plant output will not solve the country's shortage of nets, since

it can only meet part of the needs in this area.

Description of Plant

Located on Avenida das Forcas Populares, the new factory was expanded from another
plant which had been in existence for 20 years and had not been operating effici-

ently. The plant is equipped with material from the Japanese firm AMITA. It

has a covered area of 1,100 square meters, with six looms, a mechanized stretcher

and a steam boiler,

30


MALI

COUNTRY'S 'FOODSTUFFS STRATEGY' DISCUSSED
Paris LIBERATION AFRIQUE CARAIBE-PACIFIQUE in French Apr, May, Jun 84 p 21
[Text] Gadget or a new distribution of ‘the cards?

The foodstuffs strategy concept was imposed in 1979 by the World
Food Council which was partly created as an attempt to alleviate
FAO's ineffectivenesses.

Since then, the idea has been gaining recognition in cooperation
circles. Edgar Pisani launched the battle within the EEC to help
with the implementation of foodstuffs strategies in Africa and
French cooperation is timidly falling into step. In reality, only
Mali seems to have truly embarked m this new policy.

Yet, there are many obstacles between determination and imple-
mentation.

It is indeed a promising success for foodstuffs strategies. The idea is spread—
ing rapidly among "developers" of all sorts. Even if this success is currently
more ideological than real, it is nonetheless significant. From the interna—
tional viewpoint, it marks the attempted creation of a new ratio of force by the
“organizationists" against the free-traders. .It is also true that the succes-—
sive failures of the various attempts of the food crop policies in the Third
World partially explain the desire to find some slightly new solutions and
ideas. The successes of slogans are also more superficial and ephemeral than
those of economic policies.

.A Seductive Concept

The purpose of the foodstuffs strategies is ultimately to ensure self-sustenance
for the southern countries. It is, therefore, the reversal of 20 years of food
crop policies which is being targeted by a voluntarist policy. Ona theoretical
level, it involves concentrating on agricultural economies by protecting certain
key channels; giving priority to the farming communities; and facilitating their
associations. The stake of the foodstuffs strategy is primarily political since
it involves, in fact, playing the peasants against urban residents and civil

servants.

16


In a telephone call to Lisbon with Dr Evo Fernandes, secretary general of RENAMO,
we received confirmation that the guerrilla presence was growing on the outskirts
of Maputo and the gradual encirclement of the city was continuing, aimed at its
complete isolation,

Further reporting on the situation in the territory and the foreign involvement,
namely the alignment of so-called neutral institutions, the secretary general
of the resistance movement referred to the specific case of the FRG Red Cross,

“When the German Red Cross only gives aid to settlements still controlled by
FRELIMO, it loses the nature of a humanitarian institution; when it does not
use Red Cross insignia on its vehicles, it flouts the noble principles of the
Red Cross; when its vehicles are part of FRELIMO military convoys, the Génman
Red Cross is no longer neutral.

“The intervention of the German Red Cross in Mozambique on the side of the Mozam=
bican army is used as a pretext to get a larger grant from the federal government,
As a result, we consider that organization to be a mercenary support group for
FRELIMO, and we treat captured Red Cross officials as mercenaries,

"On the other hand, we continue to have the highest regard for the charter of
principles of the CVI (International Red Cross) » aS we have already stressed
several times."

Final Hour

Jaime Gama may have told the Harare, Maputo and Pretoria governments that the
Portuguese executive would close its eyes to a possible drive to recruit Portu-
guese veterans to form a mercenary type of intervention force to provide pro-
tection for the Cahora Bassa power lines on Mozambican territory--this according
to information supplied by a Zimbabwean government official, in Harare.

It is noted that the Cahora Bassa power lines have been out of commission since
October because of successive acts of Sabotage by RENAMO, which have already
resulted in the destruction of about 40 stations. Up to now, the Mozambican army,
aided by Tanzanian and Zimbabwean detachments, has shown itself completely
incapable of coping with the problem. The possibilities that Portugal and South
Africa would provide forces solely to protect and patrol the lines were immedi-
ately ruled out, respectively, by the Portuguese and Mozambican governments.

Sending any such mercenary group, to be recruited mainly in Portugal with the
consent and even under the auspices of the Lisbon authorities, would have the
approval of many of the old members of the defunct Revolutionary Council. The
initiative would not be at all foreign to another “April" officer, "ambassador"
Melo Antunes, who often served as “diplomatic courier" between Maputo and Lisbon,

This mercenary force (although prohibited by Portuguese law) could, in the opinion
of the Mozambican, Portuguese and South African negotiators, be the solution
which would once again make the Cahora Bassa Dam, not simply the stone wall it

is today, but a viable and profitable complex serving the country and the develop-
ment plans for the entire region.

22


MALI

POLICY. FOR ECONOMIC, FINANCIAL RECOVERY DISCUSSED
Paris LIBERATION AFRIQUE CARAIBE-PACIFIQUE in French Apr, May, Jun 84 pp 20, 21

[Text] In May 1982, Mali and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) signed a
1-year credits standby amounting to 30 million DTS [Special Drawing Rights]
(19.9 million Malian francs). This agreement was accompanied with a very
constraining economic and financial program aimed at restoring the country's
main economic and financial balances:

Reorganization of some non-strategic enterprises in the private sector;
reorganization of the cereal marketing network by opening the market to private
merchants and abolishing the de jure monopoly of the Marketing State Office
(OPAM) ;

reduction of foreign and domestic payment arrears;

budget restrictions through a limitation of personnel expenditures and tax
revenues increases; and

tightening of credit ceilings and higher banking interest rates.

These various measures reflect a radical shift in the economic policy of the
Malian government (see LIBERATION-AFRIQUE, No 12, March~April 1982).

Having acknowledged that Mali had met most of its requirements, IMF decided to
grant a new 18-month 40 million DTS loan (December 1983-May 1985). What are
the chief results of this economic and financial recovery policy?

As Related to Public Finances
The budget deficit was reduced in accordance with the IMF requirements: Where-
as the deficit amounted to 20.6 billion FM (Malian franc: 0.01 French franc

until 1983) in 1980 and 12.7 billion in 1981, it was‘9.9 billion in 1982 and
1983.

18


We learned during the inauguration ceremony that the spare parts have already
been secured for the complete overhaul of the equipment now in operation. The
raw material used by the fishnet factory is synthetic nylon and polyethylene
cord, which is imported. The possibility of using domestically produced cotton
cord for part of the production is already under study.

The project was supervised by Mozambican technicians who, in a first phase, went
to Japan for training and who will oversee the maintenance of the new equipment,
with the aid of some Japanese technicians who are serving in our country.

The firms "Fisheries Engineering " (Japan) and TECNIPESCA collaborated in this

project, as consultants, along with KITANO (Japan), Sogel and Electricidade de
Mocambique.

6362
CSO: 3442/377

31



GHANA

TSIKATA SPEAKS ‘AT NKRUMAH MEMORIAL OBSERVANCES |

AB280745 Accra Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 28 May 84

[Text] The special adviser to the PNDC [Provisional National Defense Council],
Captain Kojo Tsikata, has said that the immediate task of the government is the
creation of a new regime, which will in turn lead to the creation of a new
society. He said changes had been made in some aspects of the economic and
political lives of the people since 31 December, but this is just the beginning
and the PNDC is modest enough to admit it. Captain Tsikata, who was speaking
at the sod-cutting ceremony of the Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum at Nkroful, observed
that the far-reaching changes the country needs cannot be carried out unless
the entire people make their contribution. We must create conditions that will
enable everyone to make his contribution to the proper organization of our
state, he declared, adding that even though we do not yet have the structures
that can help solve the problems facing our people through mobilization, the
PNDC is solving the problem step by step and is studying how best it can solve
them with the institutions that are envisaged for the future.

Captain Tsikata noted that as of now we do not have all the political structures
that the state should have, and this has led to some shortcomings which have

to be overcome. Some of these shortcomings, he said, were due to the fact that
there is as yet no clear concrete framework of what is meant by the popular
control of the people over the state. We do not yet have a popular assembly, and
we have not yet institutionalized the concept of people's power, and that is why
the struggle must continue until we have a popular assembly representing the
entire population, so that we can really speak of popular control in our country,
he declared.

The special adviser was of the opinion that the [word indistinct] reforms so far
introduced by the PNDC in the system of government cannot solve the big political
and economic problems currently facing the comtry.. He said although these
reforms are moving the country in the right direction, they are not profound
changes that will ensure that every Ghanaian can feel he or she is part of the
country's governing system.

Captain Tsikata observed that the present revolutionary process is facing serious
problems of organization and discipline which must be vigorously tackled. He
observed that the best memorial to the late Osagyefo [savior] is not the con-
struction of a stone or metal or concrete, but a living and profound revolutionary

13



ZIMBABWE

DEMONSTRATORS DEMAND ZAPU COUNCILLORS RESIGN
MB310745 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0831 GMT 30 May 84

[Text] Victoria Falls, 30 May (SAPA)--For the second day running, the council
office, rent hall and only beer garden in Victoria Falls’ remained closed yester-
day as ZANU-PF supporters continued their demonstration against the town council
and its employees.

Matabeleland North Provincial Administrator Mr Jacob Mudenda flew from Bulawayo
to Victoria Falls yesterday afternoon in an attempt to resolve the crisis, but
the demonstrators, said to number between 70 and 100—-mainly women--had vowed
to continue the protest if their demands were not met. They are said to have
called for the minister of local government and town planning to address them.

Hwange District Administrator Mr Herbert Sanole arrived in the town earlier in
the day and was also trying to settle the issue.

According to a source at Victoria Falls, the demonstrators were demanding the
resignation of the ZAPU-controlled council and its employees. All seven black
councillors were elected on the ZAPU ticket. At least five of them came into
office towards the end of August last year.

Although the demonstration was sparked off by the failure of the majority of
town council members to attend an African Day rally at Chimotimba Stadium on
Friday, residents are said to have been unhappy at the lack of progress on
projects for which they have paid a levy.

When the demonstration began on Monday about 500 people assembled outside the
council offices waving placards. However, some of them are said to have
dispersed, leaving about 100 who slept outside the offices and continued the
demonstration yesterday.

A police spokesman said in Bulawayo that the demonstration had remained peaceful.
The ZANU-PF chairman for Matabeleland North Province, Mr Oliver Ushendibaba, said
he was unaware of any involvement by the party in the protest.

CsO: 3400/1019 END

57



ANGOLA

ENVOYS PROTEST BOTHA'S VISIT TO BELGLUM
MB301510 Luanda ANGOP in English 0920 GMT 30 May 84

[Text] Brussels, 30 May (ANGOP)--The Angolan ambassador in Belgium, Augusto de
Lemos, met recently here with the Belgian minister of foreign affairs,
Leo Tindemans, to whom he said that South Africa continues to spread puppets and
sophisticated armaments in the unoccupied areas in the south of Angola.

During the meeting, of which the objective was to inform the Belgian Government
of the tension in Southern Africa, Augusto de Lemos recalled the four points
presented by the Angolan president, Jose Eduardo dos Santos, when the UN
secretary general visited Angola, as well as the necessity of the implementation
of UN Security Council 435/78 on Namibia.

"Angola defends the implementation of resolution 435 and demands the withdrawal
of the South African troops from her territory," the Angolan diplomat underlined.

Augusto de Lemos said that peace in this part of the region will not be achieved
with the signing of the "agreements" worked out by South Africa, but with the
total abolition of apartheid and the establishment of contacts with the African
National Congress (ANC) of South Africa.

Meanwhile, the ambassadors of the SADCC (Southern Africa Development Coordination
Conference) countries in Brussels were received by Leo Tindemans, the Belgium
minister of foreign affairs, to whom they expressed their indignation for the
visit of the South African premier, Pieter Botha, to Belgium.

The African diplomats reaffirmed together that there will not be peace in Southern
Africa while the apartheid system will subsist and Namibia will not be independent.

cso: 3400/1019



it concentrates mainly on fishing for hurper, which abounds in Mozambican
Waterss

Contrary to what is frequently reported, MOSOPPSCA does not export top quality
fish to the Soviet Tnion. Actually, it does not catch prime quality fish (except
by accident), since it was decided, ‘strictly from a nutritional standpoint, to
aim for quantity more than quality. Tt is better to have the perhaps horing

and somtimes truly disagreeable burmer as daily fare than to have tuna fish

only occasionally.

‘he figures show that MOSOPFSCA sells it entire production to the Mozambican state
company PESCOM. In 1983, NOSOPESCA caught 7,109 tons of fish and sold 7,965
tons to PE The fact that it sold more than it caught cane about because

of the extra fish caught by the Soviet trawlers who are licensed to fish for
shrimp (we will say more about this lator).

The statistics made available Ly PFSCOM convinced the authors of the MOKAP report
that insignificant amounts of fish escape the official marketing channels.

Mozambique does not export any fish through MOSOPESCA or any other company.
The shrimp is used as a means of exchange with other countries, and the fish
catch is exclusively for domestic consumption.

Moreover, Nozanbique's 51-percent contribution to NOSOPESCA is not precisely
what it seous. Tt is made up of local currency, * bigue's natural resources
(in other words, the fish are in Mozanbique's territorial waters) and several
fishing boats. Some of the hoats appear to be in a poor state of repair, so
MOSOPESCA must spend money to recondition them. Partly cause of this and also
because of the low price that PTSCOM pays for the fish, MOSOPESCA has never
shorn a profit in its 5 years of existeuce (1979-1984), No money has yet been
transferred to the Soviet Union. Ji effect, this means thet SOVAYTFLOT has been
substantially subsidizing ENOPTSCA, so it is a much better deal for Nozambique
than for the Soviet Union.

The Soviets are also involved in the fishing industry through the licensing sys-
tem. The Mozambican [leet of shrimp boats, plus two joint companies which special-
ize in shrimp, caught 9,100 tons of shellfish in 1981, but the figure declined

to 6,100 tons in 1983. Since the total capacity of the Mozambican waters is
estinated at 1,214,000 tons, there is abundant room to issue licenses. Fach
license refers to a specific quantity of shrimp (or, in one case, lobster), for
which the licensee pays a rate of $1,250 per ton.

Four licenses have now been issued, to the Soviet Union, Japan, the GPR and
Spain. sin has 1£ fishing vessels and the Soviet Tuion has txo.

Tn theory, the licetises are strictdocuments requiring regular reports of the

catch, specifying the ports where the catch may be unloade xd including clauses
describing heavy penalties (even including seizure of tho fishing vessel) for
violations of the contract. Mozaubican inspectors mist go aboard each ship.

In practice, the Mozambican Secretariat of State ty Cannot control every-
thing t the trawlers do on the high seas. the MONAP roport
eonciudes that the "Mozambican licensing syste: to be a good as any other."

28


OTM Base Organizations Have Special responsibility

In carrying out these activities, particular responsibility is assigned to the
rank and file structures of the OTM. They should be engaged in mobilizing the
workers for organized participation in the tasks as defined.

In this regard, Augusto Macamo noted the construction of dikes and irrigation
ditches as a priority task to insure the success of the food production program.
"The union committees should play a decisive role in this activity," he said.

Regarding the dynamization of production and productivity, as has been said on
many occasions, the workers' participation in the planning, management and direc-
tion of production is a determining factor in its success. Hence the workers
should be encouraged to take part in the directing bodies of the companies,
“because this is the only way it will be possible to arrive at goals that can
actually be achieved, since it is the workers who know the problems associated
with their jobs."

Defense of Labor Laws

The union organizations must also direct their attention to the defense of the
labor laws. According to the OTM secretary general: “At our work places, we

are continuing to observe violations of the established labor laws, to the detri~
ment of the workers. In light of this situation, it is imperative that the unions
play their role effectively in defense of the workers' interests."

The official cited cases where Decree 4/80 had not been observed, with the result
that many workers did not have their wage status reviewed:for a long time.

The campaign to defend the labor laws should be launched in cooperation with
government labor agencies, Macamo added.

For better enforcement of the nation's existing labor legislation, it is also
imperative that the workers be familiar with the laws. In view of this, it was
considered urgent for the union committees to publicize the existing labor laws
among the workers, "because this is the only way the workers will be in a posi-
tion to demand their rights," said the OTM secretary general.

Insure the Functioning of Companies and Factories

Noting that increased production and productivity depend on the proper function-
ing of the production units, Augusto Macamo assigned priority to the rehabilita-
tion of idled machinery and equipment, using means available in each location,
In this regard, he said the workers should be encouraged to manufacture spare
parts with scrap metal and other materials.

He also noted that it was essential to encourage the creation of inventors’ and

innovators’ committees and to support existing committees, so they might be able
to study what is needed for better job performance.

25



Roberto owed his temporary lead position to being related to the last spiritual
head of the Bakongo, Dom Antonio III. When the latter died in 1957, the tribal
notables at a conference in Brazzaville decided to elect Roberto to succeed
his uncle. Roberto had met with an enthusiastic response when he swept

aside all romantic dreams of restoring the traditional kingdom of the Bakongo
and made the independence of the whole country his long-term objective.

For political training, as it were, he was sent by the tribal elders to Sekou
Toure in Guinea and Kwame Nkrumah in Accra, where in 1958 he met with the top
African revolutionaries, including Patrice Lumumba, at the All African People's
Conference.

Strategic Coordination With UNITA?

Just as in the early spring of the African revolution, Roberto today sees his
task in two spheres: A partisan force is to insure him the reputation of

an effective leader, and social "backing" in the United States is to tap for
him the necessary financial sources.

Thus he did in 1983-84 what he had done in the late 1950's: he went to the
United States to promote his cause. In the fifties it was directed against the
Portuguese colonialists; today it is directed against the communists in power
in Luanda. He indicated that he definitely was prepared to work together

with the MPLA men if these disassociated themselves from the orthodox commun-
ist line of chief ideologist Lucio Lara. He argued that "the communist
government of Angola has been able to maintain itself only with Western aid,"
saying that "Western petroleum companies in Cabinda and Santo Antonio do

Zaire pay about 600 million dollars annually in royalties to Luanda." Thus he
mobilized supporters against the still valid "Clark amendment" forbidding the
supply of war materiel to the opponents of the MPLA regime.

The speeches in the United States were orchestrated by advances of the newly
formed partisan group from Zaire into the north of Angola--vital for exports.
Here emerged the northern part of the pincer whose southern part is formed
by UNITA formations operating from Namibia. In fact it remains to be seen
whether there is such a thing as strategic coordination between Roberto and
his de facto ally Savimbi. Friendship between the two partigan leaders in
southern and northern Angola has never been a possibility.

We owe the accompanying map of Angola to the Johannesburg STAR. Obviously,
originating with the FLNA, it is accordingly one-sided, but it does give
an approximate picture of the situation.

The southeast of Angola, often described as the "land at the end of the
world," is a thinly populated wooded highland with some highways. It borders
on the Caprivi corner of Southwest Africa, where there are strong concentra-
tions of South African forces, It is a supply base for UNITA. I£ the new
policy of peaceful dialogue is transformed here into practical steps by the
South Africans, Savimbi's lines of supply will be in great difficulty.

The southern part of Angola bordering on the Atlantic is firmly in MPLA hands--
unless the South Africans happen to be rushing through it in their pursuit of
combat-ready SWAPO formations.


ANGOLA

REPORT ON FNLA'S HOLDEN ROBERTO
Bonn AFRIKA-POST in German Mar-Apr 84 pp 10-11
{Article by Hanns H. Reinhardt: "Holden Roberto in Action Once Again"]

[Text] Holden Roberto, a man who as long as 30 years ago
had a hand in the big game concerning Angola, at that time
in opposition against the Portuguese, is now intervening
in the fight about Angola's future.

No one knows as yet whether the struggle concerning Namibia, which at. least
temporarily has shifted to the diplomatic arena, or-~even more important-~
concerning tomorrow's Angola, will lead to results which will have any validity
beyond the end of the U.S. presidential campaign.

In this interim phase, a man has gone into action who has stood, half for-
gotten, at the edge of the chessboard in the past few years--Alvaro Holden
Roberto, head of the FLNA.

Roberto's name had been on the agenda of African conferences for years until,
in March 1961, his FLNA partisans began the fight for northern Angola with
the now historic massacre among white coffee planters and black Ovimbundo
contract workers. His force and later his GRAE (Revolutionary Government of
Angola in Exile) government found military and social support among the
Bakongo, Muxikongo and Dembos living in northern Angola and in the two Kongo
states.

Only temporarily did it seem that Roberto had been the most important pillar
of the black revolt against the Angola Portuguese. In 1963 an inter-African
conference in Addis Ababa decided to direct material and political aid only
to Roberto's FNLA and not to the MPLA, which, led by mestizos, was increas-—
ingly coming under communist influence, or the UNITA of Dr Jonas Savimbi.

Roberto at that time primarily enjoyed the support of the American Committee
on Africa. The fact that in the course of the years of struggle and above all
in the final phase of the weight shifted to the MPLA, with UNITA and FNLA
being relegated to the sidelines, was the result of consistent and massive
repression by the Soviet Union and its subversive helpers in the Portuguese
officers corps. The name of Admiral Rosa Coutinho belongs in that context.



process geared toward a just society, not only for Ghanaians but for Africa and
for the poor and oppressed throughout the world. He called for a revolutionary
process which will involve defending the interests of the masses--workers ,
peasants-—and of all patriots of Nkrumah days, he declared. We cannot depart
from these objectives and cannot betray Nkrumah and all those who have given
their lives for the cause of the masses. Nkrumah, he said, can teach the
revolution many lessons which can be found not only in his achievements, but also
in his weaknesses and errors, for we are not here concerned with blind adoration
which was a pitfall into which some of his followers have fallen, but honest
evaluation of the works of an historic man who overcame great odds and obstacles,
butiwho also like all human beings, made some mistakes.

Captain Tsikata noted that a revolutionary process is no easy task, for in con-
crete terms it means that everyone can say: I have a house. Ihave small
belongings, I have my small cooperative. I have food and medical treatment.

It also involves a change in which there are no longer small groups of peoples
in‘the country who have more opportunities than others, and creating conditions
so that young men can have confidence in the future and old people can enjoy
the protection of society.

cso: 3400/1022

14


=THE FORGOTTEN WAR
How the FNLA claim to be.
taking on the Cubans

8790
CSO: 3420/27


However, Mali's operating account submitted to the French Treasury continues to
show a strong deficit: 123.1 billion FM. The debt service increased substan-
tially from 8.7 million dollars in 1978 and 1979 to 11.1 million dollars in
1980, 36.5 million in 1981 and 39.8 million in 1982.

Debt service projections reaching to 1987 are very disturbing:

1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
46.2 61.8 67.0 68.7 67.3
(in million dollars)

Mali's Entrance Into UMOA

It is within this very difficult financial context that the chiefs of states of
the West African Monetary Union (UMOA) recently accepted Mali into their organi-
zation. Mali had benefited from a special situation in the franc zone since
1963 (its own currency and bank of issue) and after almost 2 years of negotia-
tions marked by the hostility of Upper Volta, the country was recently given
the right to join the Central Bank of the West African States (BCEAO). The
Malian franc will therefore be progressively withdrawn from circulation in
favor of the CFA franc and Mali will have to submit to the more stringent BCEAO
regulations of money management (higher interest rates) and foreign exchange.

Mali is a pilot country for IMF. In order to show the 20 African countries
with which it signed a confirmation agreement in 1983 that budget reorganiza-
tion and the "cleaning up" of the public sector are the only means of

resolving the financial crisis, the international institution needs to put for-
ward the "success" of one country. Financially strangled, thwarted in its
economic development by a bureaucratic policy geared more to taking from the
peasants than to redistributing the economic surplus toward the productive
sectors, weakened by an economy submitted to commercial and climatic restraints,
Mali lends itself easily to’ the IMF therapy.

The austerity of the adjustment measures will affect the recovery of economic
and financial balances, but at the cost of a generalized deflation which will
block investments and, consequently, all prospects of development. Mali is
playing a difficult card. Already cut off from the peasant masses, it risks
reducing even further its social base through the exclusion of some urban wage
earners threatened with unemployment, civil servants victim of retranchments in
the state budget and, finally, students in lycees and private schools deprived
of automatic civil service ‘jobs. The army on the one side and private mer-
chants on the other are the only two social elements able to garner a few
advantages from the program imposed by the IMF. -

6857
csO: 3149/653

20


\ 244080

ye
JPRS-SSA-84-071

18 June 1984

| Sub-Saharan Africa Report

Approved tor jablic reiecee:

= OW STATEMENT KX”
Distribution Unlimited

- 19980819 102

pric QUALITY INSPECTED 3,

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

[Reprooucen sy

| 'NATIONAL TECHNICAL

INFORMATION SERVICE |
Us. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

i SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161

o.
Ag



Many Namibians, they said, saw the war as a war of resistance, an armed struggle
against''a "foreign power," and they and most of the international community saw
South Africa as illegally occupying the country.

One of the most disturbing cases documented by the council is that of
Mr Moses Aaron.

Mr Aaron was an alleged "turned" SWAPO fighter who was in the pay of the govern-
ment.

He was shot and killed, according to court papers, in Oshakati, by a member of
Koevoet.

"It appeared from the papers that the dead man referred to, one Moses Aaron,
was apparently removed from hospital by members of Koevoet and buried, without
notice to his relatives, in some unknown grave, without any prior investigation
or inquest.

» "It appeared from the papers, prima facie, that some serious offences had been
committed by some unknown senior police officers and/or officials in allowing
or instructing such a course."

In the light of this and other allegations against Koevoet, the Bar Council
requested "as a matter of urgency," that the commission investigate:

--The circumstances surrounding the killing and burial of Moses Aaron and particu-
larly whether ‘there was a cover-up by the police involved.

--The circumstances surrounding a mysterious police camp at Oshakati known as
"Onaimundi base," who the inmates of this camp are, and the conditions under
which people are held at the camp.

--The rights of security forces such as Koevoet to kill and bury citizens of
Ovambo without informing the relatives, without an open inquiry or inquest.

—Whether the mere "say-so" of members of Koevoet that a slain person was a
terrorist was enough.

--Where the graves of people so killed and buried were.

--What has happened to prisoners, alleged SWAPO terrorists, arrested or detained
by Koevoet and other units of the security forces.

--The need to end the division of the police forces into those doing ordinary
police work and those special units with "a mandate to kill" rather than arrest
and charge before the courts of law.

The Bar Council submitted that "there is no need for any police unit with instruc-
tions to kill in the first place instead of to arrest and bring to trial.

43



Today, as we recall the honorable action of the heroes of 27 May, it is right
that we always remember the need to continuously strengthen our national unity
and our unity of thought so that we do not fall into the trap of division. As
a matter of fact, this must be our daily task because we know that the enemy
has not given up.

Today as yesterday, we must aim at consolidating our revolution. We must follow
the example and courage of the heroes of 27 May in fighting to overcome the
obstacles that may eventually appear on the difficult path we must follow to
achieve our goal: the building of a fatherland of workers free from misery

and exploitation. That is our goal, and it is our desire to follow the revolu-
tionary path always certain that the struggle continues and victory is certain.

C80: 3442/383



ANGOLA

EDITORIAL WARNS OF DISUNITY ON ANNIVERSARY
MB290949 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1200 GMT 27 May 84
[Station editorial: "To Remember the Heroes of 27 May"]

[Text ] Today, the Angolan people mark the seventh anniversary of the foiling
of efforts by a handful of ambitious splittists to destroy the revolution with
division, racism, tribalism, disunity, murder, and betrayal, murder and
betrayal which cost the Angolan people [words indistinct] in the struggle for
the reconstruction of the Angolan fatherland.

(Dansey), (Idaji), (Mbule), (Eurico), (Saidi Mingas), (Helder Neto), (Cristiano),
and (Jaoa Rodrigues) are on the last of honest officials who were savagely
murdered when they stood up for the truth of our revolutionary cause. Seven
years have passed, but the people can still vividly remember their heroes [word
indistinct] their examples in the defense of the revolution. They still recall
their courage and tenacity in fighting to win and destroying obstacles to con-
solidating the revolution.

Today as yesterday, the Angolan people will always remember their heroes, parti-
cularly during this period when Angola is still a victim of aggression mounted
from Namibia, which is occupied by South Africa, a regime which believes in in-
filtrating armed elements into various provinces and undermining and destroying
the People's Republic of Angola's revolution.

In the Angolan revolutionary process, the splittists' action was aimed at divert-
ing the members of revolutionary organization from the objectives of our
struggle. To this effect, its mentors made use of some organizational weaknesses
and difficulties resulting from the process of reconstruction in our country to
carry out acts of division, racism and above all, opportunism.

They wanted to appear before the people as great revolutionaries who told the
whole truth about the way to lead the destiny of the Angolan revolution, [Words
indistinct] in the struggle and in the Process of reconstruction, the splittists
were neutralized thanks to the participation and the spirit of awareness of all
the Angolan people. The splittists had to yield to the fact that when people
are aware and fight for a just cause, it is hard to hold them back. On the
contrary, they move forward, [word indistinct] (?increase) their gains and always
emerge victorious. This was the case on 27 May, and this will always be the
case if anyone tries to impede the advance of the revolution underway in our
country.


UGANDA

BRIEFS

PM ON DPRK AID--Prime Minister Otema Alimada has stressed the need to extend
the proposed (Moguku) irrigation project to all parts of the country, The
project will be carried out with technical assistance from the DPRK.

Mr Otema Alimadi told the DPRK Ambassador to Uganda, Mr Chang Ta-Hui that Uganda
would also like his country to devise some implements suitable for Uganda.

The two discussed matters of economic and political cooperation between their
countries. The envoy announced that his country will also give some material
assistance to orphans in Lira District. [Text] [Kampala Domestic Service

in English 1700 GMT 22 May 84 EA]

cso: 3400/1004

56


MOZAMBIQUE

PORTS, RAILROAD, TRADE UNION BODIES MEET
MB291224 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1700 GMT 28 May 84

[Text] A national meeting of Mozambique's ports and railroads trade union
bodies began in Maputo today. The meeting will review the activities of ports
and railroads since the founding conference of the Mozambique trade unions and
plan the establishment of a national trade union in this sector.

Jose Correia Ganancio, the deputy secretary of the Mozambique Trade Union
Organization, chaired the opening session. Alcantara Santos, the minister of
ports, railroads and merchant marine, and the deputy minister of merchant marine
are attending as invited guests.

Addressing the session, Correia Ganancio spoke about the port and railroads
sector's responsibility in our economic battle:

[Begin Ganancio recording] It should be said that this meeting is taking place
at an extremely important time in the national life of our country considering
that just a short while ago we signed the Nkomati Accord, an accord which

charges us, the entire people from the Rovuma River to the Maputo River with
great responsibility and which will enable us to develop our country in condi-
tions of peace and tranquillity. Above all, we also feel that the Nkomati
Accord places greater responsibility on the sector of ports and railroads because
the ports and railroads are in fact, if I may say so, the backbone of our
country's transport system, which also involves the Southern African Development
Coordination Conference countries, Accordingly, we think that the Nkomati Accord
places greater responsibility on ports and railroads workers.

This meeting is also taking place at a time of major decisions by the third
session of the Central Committee and the 12th session of the People's Assembly,
which examined in an objective manner our present reality and the new situation
in the People's Republic of Mozambique in line with the decisions of the fourth
congress, particularly in the economic field, that is, the fight against hunger
and nakedness, the fight against armed bandits, and the building of socialism,
which is obviously our main goal. [end recording]

CSO: 3442/383

39



MOZAMBIQUE —

FISHING INDUSTRY GEARED TO LOCA, CONSUMPTION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 5 Nay 84 p 3

[Text] MONAP, the Scandinavian aid program for Mozambique, studied the fishing
industry in Mozambique and destroyed a number of myths surrounding it. Ina
report published in March, the NONAP program notes that the fishing sector in
Mozambique is functioning reasonably well.

Puring the colonial period, there was not much of a fishing industry in Mozambique.
In fact, fishing was discouraged, since the Portuguese wanted to use Mozambique
as a captive market for its own fish products. It was only at the very end

of the colonial era that the Portuguese colonial government became interested

in the commercial fishing of crayfish, basically as an export product.

In 1971, the best year for the colonial fishing production, the annual per capita
consumption of fish was 2.8 kilograms. In 1974, this figure declined to 1.9
kilograms per capita.

Following a major decline in consumption during the first years of independence,
largely because of the collapse of the marketing system as a result of the mass
exodus of the Portuguese colonists, the fishing industry has experienced a notice-
able comeback, so much so that in 1983, the per capita consumption of fish reached
3.7 kilograms, 30 percent higher than the best year of the colonial period.

(Fish catches by small-scale traditional fishermen are not included in these
statistics).

Considering the problems with transportation and refrigeration, the fish is con-
sumed mainly in the large cities, where it plays a vital role in meeting the
protein needs of the population.

This quantity of fish is available largely because of cooperation between Mozam-
bique and the Soviet Union.

That cooperation takes the form of a joint company by the name of MOSOPESCA,
Mozambique holds 51 percent of the capital in the enterprise through the state
company EMOPFSCA [Mozambican State Fishing Company], and the remaining 49 percent
comes from the Soviet company SCYRYRTLOT.

Unlike what occurs with the other two existing joint companies-~PFSCAMAR, with
Spain, and EFRIPPI., with Japan--MOSGPESCA does not catch much shrimp. Instead,

27



"If the authorities feel the need for such a unit, they should be completely
divorced from the police force as such and not go under the name and title
of police."

The council cited a court case in which a member of the Police Special Task
Force Unit--a paramilitary reaction unit--"shot and killed a black civilian
in cold blood in the streets of Windhoek and was convicted of culpable homicide."

Most of the evidence given on the training of the unit was given in camera by
the officer in charge.

"We are reliably informed that the aforesaid officer had:told the court that

he was responsible for training the members of the unit to be programmed killers,
and would very much like to have the accused back in his unit even though the
latter had committed a heinous crime," said the council.

The council added that recently a photograph was displayed of a senior member of
this unit wearing a vast with the motto: "Killing is our business. Business is
good."

Referring to both Koevoet and the task force unit, the council said: "The policy
and method of ‘programming’ members of these units may certainly enable the
security forces to kill more terrorists, but certainly also more civilians."

The exhaustively researched memorandum detailed case after case in which abuses
of security laws had taken place, and concluded that allegations made by the
authorities that criticism was unjustified was in itself unjustified,

The authorities, particularly in Parliament, often said that atrocities and abuses
were not condoned, but:

"The true test is the number and extent of people killed, raped, robbed, assaulted
and extorted that never come before court," said the memorandum,

"This question cannot ‘be answered without investigation into the number of people
who disappear without trace, the number murdered by unknown persons, the number
who do not complain because of fear and lack of trust in the institutions of
justice, the cases where people are buried without investigation or inquest,

the cases where people are not prosecuted because of the shield of protection
provided by Section 103 of the Defence Act."

cso: 3400/1004

44


Insure Protection of Production Sites

At the same time that actions are being taken to increase production and produc-
tivity, particular attention should be given everywhere to organizing the
security and protection of work sites, which calls for intensified training of
militias and vigilance groups.

“It is important to note that the success of the defined tasks will depend on

the training of our cadres. This means that, along with the other activities,
there should be an effort to train and qualify union officials, at various levels,"
concluded Augusto Macamo.

6362
CSO: 3442/374

26


The terrain on either side of the Benguela railway, which in normal times is
used for transporting Zairian ores to the Atlantic port of Lobito, is des-
eribed as a terrain under the influence of UNITA. That means, for example,
that among the population living here there exists a political infrastructure
on which UNITA formations can rely. Today it may be assumed that the rail-
road is so close to the UNITA bases that an armored vehicle probably can
occasionally go up and down and check the route. Fairly normal transport
certainly is only possible in exceptional cases.

What the map gives as terrain of UNITA operations probably may also be con-
sidered to be terrain for the MPLA theater of operations. This is also the
way it was in Portuguese times: In the isolated terrains, whoever happened
to be there was in charge, while 5 minutes later the land "belonged" to some-
one else.

The dark east-west strip and the broad approach area of Luanda may be regarded
as a fairly secure basis of the MPLA government. It is difficult to say to
what extent the north is actually threatened by the FNLA partisans, but it does
constitute an occasional threat if troops which then will be lacking else-
where have to be stationed here.

No Acute Threat to the Regime?

Thus the situation by and large resembles that during the fighting against the
Portuguese, who had no compunctions about leaving the largely uninhabitated
wooded areas to fend for themselves and contented themselves with protecting
the economically important zones.

Just as at that time, the area around Luanda and the coast are today firmly
in government hands. In the ports, it is possible to unload any amount of
supplies.

One must therefore not make the mistake of considering the uncomfortable
situation of the government an acute threat. Whenever things become pre-
carious, Luanda at any time--for cash, of course--can ask for Cuban troops.

The decision in Angola depends on who has greater patience--and on sure
routes of supply.

A decision can be made only in the political field, and that can take a long
time.



The first contradiction which must be resolved. by a government launching out
into a foodstuffs strategy is to know how to raise the farm gate prices of the
food crop in order to incite the peasants to produce more and, above all, to
sell their production without consumer costs weighing too heavily on urban
residents. Very few Third World countries now have the means to continue
financing consumer subventions which were largely used, in actual fact, to
finance state cereal marketing organizations.. The latter were bottomless
financial pits with chronic deficits; their staff was too big and poorly
motivated and they were, in fact, carrying out a real requisition of the farm-
ers' output at a very low price to supply the towns and, through priority
channels, the civil servants. ‘It is somewhat the story of OPAM (Malian
Agricultural Products Office) and its failure.

Who Are the Peasants Living For?

Mali hopes to go from a chronic annual deficit of roughly 200,000 tons of
cereals a year to self-sustenance within 5 years through the foodstuffs strate-
gy. The Malian agricultural policy was developed for a long time around OPAM.
This state organization held the marketing monopoly for cereal products. De-
spite price subventions, the rates offered the peasants were so low that they
often prefered to sell their crops to neighboring countries where rates were
higher or, through futures, to private merchants who were reselling them on the
black market at double or triple the state-set price. OPAM was managing somehow
or other to recuperate at the most a third of the national cereal crop and
cultivated areas were getting smaller because the peasants had very little in-
centive left, other than ensuring their own self-sustenance.

The first measure of the Malian foodstuffs strategy was to clean up the cereal
market from the official parasitism represented by OPAM. It has not been abolish-
ed but its monopoly has been curtailed. Private trade is now allowed and it is
even supplying the market. Furthermore, a counterpart fund was created to

allow OPAM to play a regulating role by selling or buying cereals, according to
needs, in order to stabilize prices. It benefits from an original EEC financing
since its revenues’ come from the sale of foodstuffs aid (roughly 50,000 tons per
year). The effect of.the higher producers’ prices over consumer prices are thus
evenly tempered and spread over a period of time.

The system seems to be working rather well for the time being: Production in-
creased; producer prices are higher, consumer prices also, but their raise is
slower; and the OPAM deficit has been greatly reduced.

By way of an ironic conclusion, the strange uniformity between a policy conceived
to help autonomous self-sustenance and the IMF recommendations could be stressed,
as the latter is not very prone toward this type of aspiration, i.e., liberali-
zation of the market and truth about consumer prices!

The reform of ineffective bureaucratic reorganization is rather ingratiating; how-
ever, to prevent the rules of a free market from bringing about speculation, usury "
and excessive wealth to the merchants, the peasant community should develop into a
social force through associations and cooperatives. It is a move for which the
Malian government is not yet ready, not mentioning the IMF.

6857

CSO: 3419/653

17



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

STATUS OF DIE PATRIOT --The National Party and its newspaper are so
concerned about the rise and growth of the Conservative Party that they are
doing anything in their power to try to sow confusion among the voters,

This is clearly illustrated by the misleading headline (right) ["The

CP's PATRIOT Finally Dies"] on the front page of the 28 March 1984 issue

of BEELD, The facts are totally different and would have been easily
ascertained if BEELD had printed the whole truth for its readers. The
impression is given here that the newspaper, DIE PATRIOT, will not be
appearing any mre. This is utterly untrue. All that has really happened
is that the organization CONSERVATIVE NEWSPAPERS (Pty.), Ltd., on
Hooggeregshot in Pretoria, has been liquidated temporarily. It is, however,
common knowledge that DIE PATRIOT has been published since December 1983 as
a monthly paper for the CONSERVATIVE PRESS OF SOUTH AFRICA (Ltd.) and that
the. Conservative Party is itself taking care of the administration and
distribution of the newspaper. TG van Wyk Printers (Pty.), Ltd., is
printing the newspaper. BEELD is aware of these facts, as is apparent from
their own report. On the contrary, things are going very well with DIE
PATRIOT and the number of its subscribers has already increased by several
thousand. If this pace is maintained, and if you see to it that your
neighbors and friends also subscribe, there is a possibility that DIE PATRIOT
will appear more frequently in the future. If the CP is already capturing
NP seats with a monthly paper as its mouthpiece, what danger does not exist
for the government if DIE PATRIOT appears more often? Not to mention if the
CP were able to get our rightful share of the time on SABC radio and
television. [Text] [Pretoria DIE PATRIOT in Afrikaans 9 Apr 84 p 1] 12620

STUDENTS VOTE ON COLORED-~The students of Potschefstroom University [PU]
have voted against admitting Coloreds to the undergraduate level of the
university by an overwhelming majority. Altogether, 78 percent of the
stulents who voted, voted against the admission of Coloreds. More than

71 percent of the stulents registered their votes during the mini-referendm
a day before the university council had to decide on the matter. The
percentage of those voting. was even higher than that for the student council
election last year in 1983. Altogether, 22 percent of the students were in
favor of admitting Coloreds. There were questions on the ballot which

gave the students the opportunity to explain their point of view. If a yes-
vote-was cast, the three possibilities were: admission as recommended by
the university council; full admission without any conditions; some other

54


MOZAMBIQUE

ITALY CONTRIBUTES TO NEW UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 11 May 84 p 1

[Text] A study is in progress for the creation of an agricultural production
and animal husbandry unit as part of the Faculty of Agriculture at the Eduardo
Mondlane University [UEM]. The project provides for the unit to go into opera-
tion in late 1986 or early 1987. The unit will be created with the support of
Italy, which will also assist in the establishment of a School’ of Urban Studies
and Architecture at the UEM.

Pierluigi Malesani, director of university cooperation in the Italian Foreign
Affairs Ministry, has been in Maputo since last Monday, meeting with Mozambican
officials to discuss aspects of the implementation ofthese projects, Malesani
is returning to Italy today.

Speaking with NOTICIAS, Pierluigi Malesani reported that the two major objectives
of his visit to the People's Republic of Mozambique were to assess the status

of cooperation between Italy and the UEM and to plan future activities within
the framework of the University Cooperation Protocol signed between the two
countries in August 1983,

Regarding future cooperation programs or those for immediate implementation,
Malesano said there are already five Italian instructors in Mozambique, working
with the Agronomy School on the creation of a new production unit. Two more
advisors arrived in Maputo a few days ago for a brief stay, during which they
will work on the same project.

Duging his stay in our country, the Italian director of university cooperation
met with the Economics School to discuss the establishment of specific areas
of cooperation. Four Italian professors should arrive soon in Mozambique to
work in this field.

Regarding the creation of the School of Urban Studies and Architecture, four
other instructors are already in our country in connection with this project.

This department should begin to offer classes in 1986. The actual work of setting
up the department has not been initiated because, as Malesani told NOTICIAS,

"we have to study the specific conditions of Mozambique, because we do not want

to create a faculty that would just be a copy of those in Italy."

34


Also regarding the School of Urban Studies and Architecture, Malesani said his
country would be involved in the rehabilitation of the building in which the
institution will be housed; that is, the former Center for Orientation of Psycho-
Pedagogical Sciences. These works include the repatr of the electrical system
and the improvement of the furnishings, among other things.

"The rehabilitation of the building will be completed this year, so that the
faculty can begin to hold classes in 1986," Malesani said.

Creation of this faculty is part of the plan to expand and improve higher educa~

tion in the People's Republic of Mozambique, as defined in the General Prospective
Plan.

6362
CSO: 3442/374

35



‘INFORMAL '’ RIGHT-WING FRONT--A "triumvirate" of right wing white groups was
formed last week for the promotion of "common endeavors," A statement
about the formation of this "informal" front was issued Thursday by the lawyer
Sarel Becker of the Herstigte Nasionale Party [HNP] and Mr. Louis van der
Westhuizen of Arbswa [expansion unknown]. According to the statement, a
conversation took place last Wednesday between the HNP, Arbswa and "others."
The "others," according to facts already known, are to be understood as
members of the SWA/National Party who are unhappy with their party's
participation in the Multi-Party Conference but who do not want to sever
their ties to the party. The triumvirate that has now been formed will
argue, according to the statement, "for the maintenance of constitutional
ties with SA and the security of whites in SWA" and will offer resistance
to "the policy of surrendering Southwest Africa pursuant to Resolution 435."
During the Wednesday discussion it was agreed that a triumvirate would be
formed on an "informal" basis with the. following objectives: preservation
of the status andidentity of whites in SWA; to keep the political ties of
the whites in the South/West to their fellow citizens in SA from being
severed; to prevent the position of the whites in the South/West from
weakening and declining. According to the statement, Arbswa emphasized
that it is a cultural organization and that it does not intend to enter

the domain of party politics, but that this organization will devote

itself to the promotion of "contacts between conservative white
Nationalists." [By the Political Editorial Staff] [Text] [Windbook DIE
REPUBLIKEIN in Afrikaans 24 Apr 84 p 9] 12620

cso: 3401/72

50


On the other hand, there are growing rumors about disagreements between the
political party and the FRELIMO military. Considering the continued escalation
of guerrilla actions following the Nkomati accords, the military feel that the
party policies, and Samora Machel himself, have been discredited. What future
does the Mozambican president have, it is asked, if the war goes on longer and
there is no indication of any letup in the armed actions? The FPLM (FRELIMO's

military forces) desire peace, the peace promised by Samor Machel and which is
slow to arrive.

Under the circumstances, there is particular significance to the revelation,
here in Harare, by sources linked to the Zimbabwean Defense Ministry, that high
officers in the FRELIMO army are seriously considering the possibility of sitting
down before long at the negotiating table with representatives of RENAMO, con-
trary to the assumptions of Machel and the politicians who surround him, who
continue to bank on an improvement of the situation in the country, through the
possible recovery of the economy as a result of the agreement with the South
Africans, a recovery which the military consider unlikely.

Leading the faction which would seek dialogue with the resisters and national
reconciliation by this path is Sebastiao Mabote, vice minister of defense and
chief of the Mozambican Armed Forces General Staff. Oddly enough, Domingos
Fondo, one of the officers most in evidence in military campaigns against the
guerrillas, particularly in Inhambane Province, may be one of those advising
this line of action.

Fondo, an authentic symbol of heroism and determination for the regime's already
exhausted armed Forces, emerges as a Mozambican "Spinola," with a dynamic per-
sonality, capable of mobilizing and polarizing the government troops to take

a possible stand, which would alter the political situation in the country.
Regarding Mabote, several observers note that he will emerge at the suitable
moment, not as a "Costa Gomes," more political,but with a softer military posture,
in light of the events.

6362
CSO! 3442/377

23



SOUTH AFRICA

NEW COMMITTEE INAUGURATED
Walvis Bay NAMIB TIMES in Afrikaans 13 Apr 84 p 1

{Unsigned Article: "New Constitution Must Succeed"; passages enclosed in
slantlines printed in boldface]

[Text] /"You, as Relations Committee, must work to help develop a climate
in which this new constitution of South Africa will succeed. Walvis Bay

is a part of the Republic of South Africa and the climate of intergroup
relations here must be directed in such a manner that it will also prove
conducive to negotiation and consensus politics, locally and also up to the
highest level of government."/

With these words the deputy minister of internal affairs, Mr. P.J. Badenhorst,
declared the new Relations Committee of Walvis Bay officially inaugurated.

Mr. Badenhorst called the new committee into being Wednesday evening in the
side chamber of the Walvis Bay city hall and wished it success with its
future activities.

/The deputy minister said that the domain of the Relations Committee really
covers the whole spectrum of local affairs--this committee can discuss any-
thing, make decisions about it, get in touch with other authorities about
it, and so on./

Mr. Badenhorst clearly assumed that the committee would not be taking over
the work of any other body: for example, it cannot do the Municipal Council's
work for it, nor the Administrative Committee's, nor the School Committee's.

/"However, you can certainly bring up for consideration problem situations
that come to your attention with the competent authority--be it City Council,
the Administrative Committee, or whomever--and request action. You can and
may yourselves, or through your Relations Officer, get in touch with the
Department, or anyone else if a matter is not resolved to your satisfaction
locally," Mr. Badenhorst said./

12620
CSO: 3401/74

53



Policy for Economic, Financial Recovery Discussed
(LIBERATION AFRIQUE CARAIBE-PACIFIQUE, various dates) ....

MOZAMBIQUE

Portuguese Daily Discusses MNR Advances
(Paulo Barbosa; 0 DIA, 10 May 84) .ssccsesccecccescesccees

OTM Secretary General Defines Various Programs
(Augusto Macamo; NOTICIAS, 11 May 84) ..scesscccscceceeces

Fishing Industry Geared to Local Consumption

(NOTICIAS, 5 May 84) .ccsssccccsccsccccnvecccsucescvccaces

Fishnet Factory Inaugurated With Japanese Cooperation
(NOTICIAS, 18 May 84) Smee rece cence ane eeeeeuressseesenes

Reactivated 'CARBOMOC' To Increase Production
(NOTICIAS, 7 May 84) ..ccccccccscccsssceeesseeseseesseess

Italy Contributes to New University Departments
(NOTICIAS, 11 May 84) ..sscecsccccccccccccceeevessseeeeees

Nurses, Midwives Trained in Cabo Delgado
(NOTICIAS, 8 May 84) .issccccccccccnccceccccscccscevecence

Chinde

Ports,

Briefs

NAMIBIA

Port Functioning Normally

(NOTICIAS, 8 May 84) vicssccccccccccccceeeesessesssncesees

Railroad, Trade Union Bodies Meet
(Maputo Domestic Service, 28 May 84)

SA Business Delegation

Nujoma Says SWAPO To Continue Namibian Struggle
CAPS, 22 May 84) .iscessccccccecvenvsscceceesesseeeeeeese

Bar Council Scores 'Atrocities,' Koevoet
(SUNDAY TIMES, 27 May 84) ..ccscccscccccceescsseeeeeevenes

SWAPO Delegate to UN Interviewed in Bangkok

(APS, 24 May 84) .occeccccescececcnccvcsvceccecesssectcevs

Contradictions in SWAPO Claims Over Bombs Cited
(Editorial; DIE REPUBLIKEIN, 18 May 84) .icccssseccccaeecs

Briefs

UN Body Pessimistic

Ties With Kampuchea

MPC Spokesman on Unity
"Informal' Right-Wing Front

-b-

21

24

27

30

32

34

36

38

39

40

41

42

45

47

49
49
49
50


NAMIBIA

BAR COUNCIL SCORES 'ATROCITIES,' KOEVOET
MB280551 Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 27 May 84 p 10

[Text] Windhoek--Allegations of atrocities, torture, detainees disappearing
after being seized by the Security Branch, and gross violations of the rule
of law, have been simmering in Namibia for some time.

But they have always been dismissed by the authorities as being "SWAPO propaganda"
or “part of the onslaught against South West Africa."

Now the Bar Council of South-West Africa, one of the most respected organisations

- in the territory, representing all of Namibia's advocates, has drawn up a
devastating memorandum which challenges the very basis of South Africa's presence
in the disputed territory.

Most of the blistering criticism is levelled at the Special Operations K Unit
of the Security Branch, Koevoet, a body repeatedly accused of atrocities.

In a lengthy submission to the Van Dyk Commission of Inquiry into security legis-
lation in the country, the council delivered a document which was compiled almost
totally from court records.

It makes disquieting reading.

A picture is painted of a civilian population who have lost all faith in the legal
process, who live in fear of anyone who wears a uniform, whose relatives have
disappeared without trace, and who, in the northern war zones, are at the mercy
of "special constables," who are, say the advocates, policemen in name only.

"In Namibia, the institutions of the rule of law such as the police, the courts,
the legal practitioners, and the law itself, are suspect in the eyes of the
overwhelming majority of our people," the document says.

"A large section of the population never had any confidence in the security
forces and security laws applicable to this country, and probably has less
confidence in them today."

The advocates went on to talk, as the commission's terms of- reference do, of a

“revolutionary onslaught" or "terrorist struggle," to many people a total
misnomer.

42


MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

SA BUSINESS DELEGATION--A’'14-member South African business delegation, led by

the Rennies Shipping concern, has returned home from a 3-day visit to Mozambique.
A senior executive of Rennies in Africa, Mr (Piet Steyn), told Radio RSA's
economics desk that since the signing of the Nkomati Accord in March this year
there has been a change of policy by the Mozambican authorities in allowing

more flexibility in the maintenance of equipment by clients and agents. In view
of this, Rennies would contribute about $1 million toward the improvement of
shipping facilities in Maputo harbor. [Text] [MB291730 Johannesburg International
Service in English 1500 GMT 29 May 84]

cso: 3400/1019

40



BENIN

BRIEFS

COOPERATION WITH UPPER VOLTA--Our great comrade in arms, President Mathieu
Kerekou, received Comrade Adama Toure, Upper Voltan minister of information,
late last Friday afternoon. Upon leaving the meeting, Comrade Adama Toure
indicated that he had discussed with the head of state the security of the
Upper Voltan revolution and the strengthening of cooperation between the

two countries. According to Comrade Toure, the question of Upper Volta
purchasing cement from Benin was raised during the audience. On this point
Comrade Adama Toure emphasized that the head of state had assured him of the
willingness of the Beninese Government to provide Upper Volta not only with
the amount of cement she requests but even to provide it at a preferential
rate. Also broached were the questions of the Fada (Upper Volta)-Parakou
(Benin) road and the grain Upper Volta wishes to import through the port of
Cotonou. Finally, in his capacity as minister of information, Comrade
Adama Toure indicated that he had discussed the problem of the CIDC-CICROFILM
[Inter-African Moving Picture Distribution Consortium] headquarters with
President Kerekou and had asked him to intercede with OCAM's [African and
Mauritian Common Organization] Underwriting and Aid Fund in his capacity as
acting president of that organization so that Upper Volta could guarantee
the construction of CIDC headquarters in Ouagadougou. [Excerpt] [Cotonou
EHUZU in French 7 May 84 pp 1, 6] 12308

CHINESE TEXTILE, COTTON COOPERATION DISCUSSED--Lokossa-Comrade Gado Girigissou,
minister of public works, construction and housing; acting minister of
industry, mining and energy; and representing our great comrade in arms,
President Mathieu Kerekou, and his execellency, Mr Ambassador from the
Popular Republic of China to Benin, Comrade Sun Shiceng, broke ground

26 April for the construction of a textile and cotton complex at Lokossa.
This complex will cover 30 hectares, treat 2,500 tons of cotton fiber, and
furnish 13 million meters of material annually. The Chinese mission
responsible for implementing this project arrived in Lokossa in August 1983
and has since arranged provisional housing for the technical personnel on

the site chosen for construction of the factory; installed workshops,
sanitary facilities and a cafeteria; and completed banking and leveling the
land. "The beginning of strengthened Chinese-Beninese cooperation," said

the ambassador, "dates back to the friendship visit of a delegation from

our country to China in December 1972, a visit which permitted the re-
establishment of relations between our two countries and the signing of
technical and economic cooperation agreements. These relations of friendship

10


only. In addition, they were only able to vote for a white representative
in the House of Assembly.

They were later removed from the collective rolls and placed on a separate
voters' roll, but again they could only be represented in Parliament by a
white. This too was abolished in turn and the Colored Representative Council
was established, but it did not work either and ultimately fell through.

Full Rights

According to the recommendations of the Erika Theron and Schlebusch Commis-
sions, it has been decided to give full political rights to the colored
people...something which they have never had.

The white voters approved the new constitution in the referendum of 2 November
last year; it provides that. the Coloreds be granted full citizenship by South
Africa and, if they are over 18 years of age, regardless of sex, and if they
can satisfy all the requirements, just as in the case of the whites, they
will be entitled to register as voters and cast their votes in an election.

12620
cso; 3401/74

52


BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

OPPOSITION PARTY FRONT--The secretary general of the Botswana National Front,

Mr (Mavaledi Gidi), has said that attempts to form a united front of all
opposition political parties failed because some party leaders feared that they
would lose their positions. Addressing a political rally in Mahalapye yesterday,
Mr (Gidi) said that his party had initiated a proposal to form a united front
that would be powerful enough to oust the Botswana Democratic Party [BDP]. He
also charged that Botswana remained poor after independence because the BDP did
not heed the advice to establish a state sector. [Text] [MB251955 Gaborone
Domestic Service in English 1610 GMT 25 May 84]

cso: 3400/1019

12


JPRS-SSA~- 84-071

18 June 1984

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS
ANGOLA

Report on FNLA's Holden Roberto
(Hanns H, Reinhardt; AFRIKA~POST, Mar-Apr 84) ..ecececesece

Envoys Protest Botha's Visit to Belgium
(ANGOP, 30 May 84) .isscccsscccccecrecceeeeeseesseesseseens

Editorial Warns of Disunity on Anniversary
(Luanda Domestic Service, 27 May 84) ..ccccceccccccccvceces

Commentary Says Botha Tour Offends Africa
CANGOP, 30 May 84) weccsssccccccssccccccesccccssseeceseeees

BENIN
Briefs
Cooperation With Upper Volta
Chinese Textile, Cotton Cooperation Discussed
BOTSWANA
Briefs
Opposition Party Front
GHANA

Tsikata Speaks at Nkrumah Memorial Observances
(Acera Domestic Service, 28 May 84) .sscecsecescecceceececs

LIBERIA

Briefs
Troops in Chad

MALI

Country's 'Foodstuffs Strategy' Discussed
(LIBERATION AFRIQUE CARAIBE-PACIFIQUE, various dates) .....

10
10

12

13

15

16

- ae {III - NE & A - 120]



In terms of development prospects, the Mucanha-Muze, Minjova and Mucamgadzi
mines, also located in Tete Province, are the most important.

This development program for the coal industry also included studies for the
rebuilding of the Moatize-Reira Railroad, extending it 574 kilometers, and the
improvement of the port of Beira and the loading and unloading systers.

Created in May 1978, CARBOMOC is headquartered in Moatize, Tete Province, with
offices in the cities of Maputo and Beira,

In addition to the mining, processing, transport, distribution and industrializa~
tion of coal, its derivatives and byproducts, CARBOMOC also manages state-owned
parcels in this sector and conducts mineral-geological, technological and economic
studies of coal fields and areas under its jurisdiction.

6362
CSO: 3442/374

33



MOZAMBIQUE

PORTUGUESE DAILY DISCUSSES MNR ADVANCES
Lisbon 0 DIA in Portuguese 10 May 84 p 5
{Report by Paulo Barbosa, filed from Harare for 0 DIA]

[Text] Reports out of Maputo stress the continuing growth of guerrilla activity
in zones near the Mozambican capital, actions which, in recent days, have already
interrupted the electric power supply to that city three times.

Violent clashes are now said to have occurred only 5 kilometers from the out~
skirts of Maputo. Last week, several diplomatic missions in Maputo (including
the Portuguese and U.S. embassies) advised citizens of their respective countries
not to travel outside the capital, either to the north or on the road which links
South Africa to Swaziland. Some days ago, a military convoy was destroyed by
bazooka fire as it traveled that road, and 11 government soldiers were killed

in that action.

It is noted that many foreigners in Maputo regularly use that road to South Africa
or Swaziland, where they travel about once a month to buy supplies in the border
towns of these two countries because of the shortage of products in the Mozambican
capital.

The area of Boane, 30 kilometers west of the capital, is already a zone of opera~
tions of the resistance movement. This is impeding access to the quarry in that
locale and transport of the stone to the city of Maputo.

Meanwhile, it has been reported that the Mozambican Government has made no response
to requests by Amnesty International and the International Red Cross to visit

3,000 prisoners captured by the army, claimed by FRELIMO to be RENAMO [Mozambican
National Resistance] guerrillas. This lack of response is seen as further evidence
of the "bluff" and the propaganda campaign employed by Machel, claiming victories
by his armed forces that have not, in fact, taken place. An International Red
Cross source here in Harare, who had come from the city of Beira, said he was
convinced that the figure is absolutely false: "I don't think even 10 percent

of that figure is believeable ." Also: "We have no real knowledge that there

has been any major capture of guerrillas by the Mozambican army at any time.

There have been--and this has been confirmed--a great number of arbitrary and
illegal arrests, which are made constantly by the regime's political police,
particularly in urban zones."

21



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NAMIBIA

SWAPO DELEGATE TO UN INTERVIEWED IN BANGKOK
LD241257 Algiers APS in English 1048 GMT 24 May 84

[Text] Bangkok, 24 May (APS)~--The Lusaka Conference, which groupéd together
SWAPO, the racist regime of South Africa, and the so-called Multipartite
Conference (which includes the seven Namibian internal parties) ended by an
utter failure and there had been no agreement for a new meeting, the repre-
sentative of SWAPO in the United Nations, Mr Théo Ben Gurirab declared.

In an interview to the APS special envoy, Mr Ben Gurirab, who attended Lusaka
conference, denied information and declaration according to which negotiation

between Pretoria and SWAPO are progressing, and there are still less willingness

from the Namibia pseudo parties to implement the Resolution 435 of the UN
Security Council on the independence of Namibia. [sentence as received]

The Multipartite Conference is constituted of elements that are at the beck
and call of Pretoria which use them to question SWAPO statute as the sole and
legitimate representative of the Namibian people, he said adding that these
parties are "only puppets who represent no one but themselves."

"They have been set up, organized and financed by South Africa, in order to
receive the world opinion on the intemal situation in Namibia, and to create
ethnic problems which prevent automatically the effective and complete imple-
mentation of Resolution 435," he said.

The Multipartite Conference was set up to counter SWAPO and to maintain a
politico-military status quo, which will further protract the sufferings and
hardships of the Namibian people, in spite of the international will to see
Pretoria implement the Resolution 435, he also said.

Mr. Ben Gurirab insisted that all ambiguity be definitely cleared up on the
reasons which motivated SWAPO's decision to enter into direct negotiations
with Pretoria and flatly denied that a new meeting is scheduled between the
two sides.

"It is by imposing themselves on the military level that the freedom fighters

will be in a strong position to coverse" Mr Nujoma said in Luanda a few days
after Lusaka conference.

45



Consultants were hired to recommend improvements, but they could not offer any-
thing significant.

The report concludes that if any fish is being diverted, it is certainly on 4
small scale.

Naturally, in the process of catching shrimp, the licensed Soviet trawlers also
catch a certain amount of fish. This "byproduct" is sent to MOSOPESCA, which
in turn sells it to PESCOM. This is how MOSOPESCA manages the apparent miracle
of sélling moré fish to PESCOM than it actually catches.

Although Mozambique has registered an increase in fishing production, it is still
not self-sufficient; 15,735 tons of fish were imported in 1983, mainly from the
GDR, although 4,500 tons came from the Soviet Union. This is 32 percent of the
fish consumed in Mozambique. In 1979, about 92 percent of the fish consumed

was imported, which gives an idea of the real extent to which the Mozambican
fishing industry has developed.

In conclusion, it can be said that the allegations of the Soviet plunder of our
fishing resources have more to do with the Cold War psychosis than with the
marine life in the Mozambican Channél. For the Mozambicans, these allegations
are also a serious and insulting underestimation of Mozambique's ability to
protect its own interests.

6362
CSO: 3442/374

29



MOZAMBIQUE

CHINDE PORT FUNCTIONING NORMALLY
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 8 May 84 p 3

[Text] The port of Chinde, located at the mouth of the Zambeze River in
Zambezia Province, has been functioning normally since its reopening in July
1983.

This Mozambican port, which is difficult to enter, now has permanent signal buoys
and will soon be equipped with a new radio communications system, which will

be of great assistance to maritime navigation. The information came to us yes-
terday from the Directorate of Maritime Security in Maputo, along with other
details on the operation of the port.

The principal characteristic of the port of Chinde is that it is subject to the
influence of the Zambeze River, hence the configuration of the access channel
changes frequently, making navigation very difficult, to the point that it
requires good weather conditions and a pilot is obligatory. All the navigation
charts for that area contain clear warnings of these facts, and ships which put
into Chinde know the port's limitations.

When the port was reopened last July, drums were being used as a temporary solu-
tion to serve as fixed buoys, and this system was in effect for about 2 months,
until the permanent buoys were installed. These buoys are unlighted, hence the
port can onlybe approached in the daytime, which is sufficient for he amount
of traffic it handles.

Since there is no pilot for the bar in that area, whenever one is needed, a pilot
travels there from Quelimane, either by plane or by launch, so he can join the
ship and pilot it across the bar. If the pilot is unavailable, however, the
maritime administrator of Chinde is authorized to pilot ships (and has done so),
to avoid delays. |

In contacts with the Directorate of Maritime Security, this newspaper also learned
that two radios are already in Mozambique and will be sent to Chinde to provide
assistance to navigation. It is also expected that, within 3 months, the coastal
ship "Chinde" will make its last trip and end finally at the port for which it

is named, where it will serve as a floating warehouse, which will greatly benefit
the locale,

6362
CSO: 3442/374

38


MOZAMBIQUE

OTM SECRETARY GENERAL DEFINES VARIOUS PROGRAMS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 11 May 84 p3

[Report mpress conference with Augusto Macamo, secretary general of the Organi-~
zation of Mozambican Workers, date and place not supplied]

[Text] The Organization of Mozambican Workers (OTM) is going to undertake actions
to guarantee observance of the labor laws in all sectors of production. The
action is part of the program defined by the OTM in support of the 20th anniver-
ary of the launching of the armed struggle for national liberation. During a
press conference, OTM Secretary General Augusto Macamo also announced several
other actions planned for this year, aimed basically at the rehabilitation of
machinery ‘and other equipment, which will entail encouraging the production of
spare parts, using local materials. On the other hand, according to Central Com-
mittee member Macamo, priority should be given to supporting the peasants by
supplying them with farm implements, to be produced by the metalworking enter-
prises.

The program defined by the OTM in celebration of the 20th anniversary of the
beginning of the armed struggle has four basic aspects, [two of which] are the
creation and reactivation of the rank and file structures of the organization,
namely the creation of national unions and the transformation of the CPUP's
{expansion unknown] into union committees 3 and recovery of idle machinery and
equipment. The dynamization of food production is also contemplated in the OTM
plan, and it should be stressed here that this task is not just the responsi-
bility of the sectors linked to agricultural activity but also of industrial
enterprises.

The other point in the program is the rebuilding of infrastructures which were
damaged either by enemy actions or by natural disasters. According :to Augusto
Macamo, workers should rely on local materials for this activity.

Describing how the various sectors, even those which are not directly connected
with food production, should play their part in it, the official noted the pro-
motion of agricultural production as an important contribution to the struggle
against hunger.

24


ANGOLA

COMMENTARY SAYS BOTHA TOUR OFFENDS AFRICA
MB302018 Luanda ANGOP in French 1330 GMT 30 May 84
[ANGOP commentary: "Souther Africa Wants Peace"]

[Text] Luanda, 30 May (ANGOP)--Pieter Botha, the racist South African prime
minister, yesterday started a tour of several European countries in a so-called
“end of spring" campaign aimed at giving respectability to the odious apartheid
system. The South African head of state chose Portugal, a former colonial power,
as the first stage of a tour which will also lead him to Great Britain, West
Germany, Austria, Belgium, and Switzerland, where there have already been mass
meetings against this visit, which has been condemned by the United Nations and
the African countries.

Mr Pieter Botha is visiting his old allies in order to legitimize once again
the philosophy of racism and to try to obtain support, using as the main argu-
ment the false peace policy that he wants to institute in Southern Africa, where
apartheid forces under his command have sown death and terror. The mass protest
meetings against apartheid have been organized in countries which, with a dis-
regard for basic human rights, will be hosting a representative of the most
inhuman regime of our times. This Proves that the political will of the govern-
ments of these countries cannot prevent their people from fighting for peace
and human dignity.

Botha's tour of Western Europe comes at a time when important events are taking
place in Southern Africa in the wake of the efforts by the Frontline States to
secure peace for the states of this region. This tour shows that the Pretoria
regime is trying to obtain from its allies support for its new maneuvers, which
consist of delaying the solution of its conflicts with neighboring states,
delaying Namibia's independence, and continuing to exploit the black majority
in South Africa.

South Africa has never desired peace, and this led to the recent failure of the
talks on Namibia in Lusaka, while the refusal by the Pretoria authorities to
grant basic rights to the South African blacks shows that the Pieter Botha
regime is ignoring the numerous appeals by the international community for it
to be more flexible in light of the reality of the history of the peoples.


Nevertheless, Mr Ben Gurirab reiterated the official stand of SWAPO "We

remain open to dialogue, at any time and'with anyone for the strict implementa-
tion of the Resolution 435 which provides for the establishment of a cease-fire,
the departure of the South African troops, and the organization of a self-
determination referendum in Namibia under UN sponsorship," Mr Ben Gurirab remarked.

All we did in Lusaka is reaffirm this stance, he said.

To definitely put an end to the speculations regarding "the step forward" of

the conference toward the settlement of the Namibian problem, SWAPO representative
specified that the meeting ended by a check for two main reasons: South Africa's
attempts to jeopardize SWAPO's legitimacy through the Multipartite Conference,

and the question of linkage raised against the negotiations table.

Regarding this second question, Mr Ben Gurirab highlighted the big responsibility
that falls upon the member countries of the "contact group" and particularly

the U.S.A. in the raising of a problem which links two situations that have
nothing to do with one another. He recalled that Resolution 435 adopted in 1978
by the UN Security Council ‘known as the "plan of the five" itself stems from

the Resolution 384 which called for elections in Namibia under UN sponsorship.
France, Canada, Great Britain, West Germany, and the U.S.A. had consultations
with Pretoria for the implementation of. Resolution 435 which smoothed away all
the obstacles that might hamper its implementation. j

"The member-countries of the contact group should press efforts to implement the
Resolution 435, this very resolution to which they subscribed."

cso: 3400/1004

46


South Africa cannot, in front of the whole world, sign a peace agreement with
a so-called political party or "alliance" that has never been involved in an
armed struggle with itself or anyone else. And it would be completely stupid
of South Africa to sue for peace over a war that it (South Africa) has been
fighting against itself all the time--that is, if it is actually South Africa
that has been planting the bombs and laying the landmines and murdering peace-
ful leaders like Kapuuo, Shiyagaya, Njoba and others.

If that is the case, SWAPO should not be insisting on a peace agreement with
South Africa: it should simply declare that it is not involved in any armed

struggle, and South Africa should stop the pretence of a war being conducted
here in South-West Africa.

cso: 5600/15

48


and cooperation," he explained, "have been deepened still more by the visit
to the Chinese people of our great comrade in arms, President Mathieu
Kerekou, in 1976. This cooperation has resulted in, among other things, the
completion of the Friendship Stadium in Cotonou, the cigarette and match
factories in Ouidah, and the implementation of the construction project for
the textile and cotton complex in Lokossa." Finally, the ambassador
expressed the intention of his country to review the pros and cons of
Chinese-Beninese cooperation and to look for new areas in which to cooperate.
According to Comrade Girigissou, the completion of this project will open
new channels for the production of Beninese cotton. [Excerpts] [Cotonou
BENIN-PRESSE-INFORMATION in French No 337, 4 May 84 pp 9-10] 12308

cso: 3419/657

1