"I¢ any organization wants its members to be exclusively black or white or any
other color, that is their privilege; it is of no concern to the UDF and does
not affect their qualification for membership in the UDF," he says.

"The UDF welcomes white members because it is not only black people who are op-
pressed. Everyone in this country suffers in one way or other under the sys~
tem. It is thus the responsibility of everyone to take part in the struggle
for freedom.

"Ultimately a national conference must be held in which all the nation's people
are represented. A basis for a peaceful, workable system must be created as a

result of this conference."

The UDF says that it also wants to see at the conference organizations with
dissimilar ideological convictions, such as Azapo.

"The aggressive attitude of Azapo agents does not contribute to this goal, how-
ever.

"Tt must. also be added. that the extent of the difference is quite disproportion-
ate. ‘The one or two instances of violence are the exception. Some people get
too hot under the collar," said Mr Lekota.

A few days after the interview with DIE VADERLAND, Mr Lekota was placed under
arrest in Port Elizabeth. He is being detained under the terms of Article 29
of the law for internal security.

We Wage War on Capitalism--Azapo

"The problem with ‘the UDF is that they are carrying on the struggle against
apartheid and the white minority government. Azapo does battle with capital-
ism, of which apartheid is only one manifestation," says the president of the
Azanian People's Organization (Azapo), Mr Ishmael Mkhabela.

In an interview with DIE VADERLAND, members of Azapo's executive council said
that although they have worked with the UDF in certain areas, and plan to con-
tinue to do so in the future, the ideological differences between them are so
great that these two organizations will not be able to unite.

Azapo is working toward a workers" republic, based on socialist principles

that will offer unique solutions for. "Azania's unique situation." Its first

reat objective is to redistribute the prosperity of the country among the
istorically rightful claimants."

After that, the education process and the organization of workers will begin
to yield fruit in order to bring about the full nationalization of all indus-

tries in the country.
"In this way the workers willbe able to share in the fruit of their work.
"The UDF will only strengthen capitalism and subject Azania still further to

Western imperialism. They support the so-called ‘Freedom Manifesto’ in order
by so doing to gain the sympathy of the expatriates," maintains Mr Mkhabela.

56



“after the eruption of the revolution
“and since the formation of WPE are
of special character and. deserve:to be
_ given special emphasis, He daid that
* party leadership rests on the ability.
te Jead and not on ‘mere aspirations
‘end ‘that, accordingly, the capability
‘of! party ‘leadership 4s to ‘be ‘measured
‘by ideological maturity and organiz-
ational capability. ©
, Comrade Lemma explained that the
: party is giving its leadership when
! international situations are complica-
“ted, when the’ struggle being.-made
.to overcome backwardness is far from
‘being’ smooth, wheri ‘the lives of :mil-
“Tions of Gompattiots’ ere -in danger
“because ‘of drought and when the
‘eon-truction effort. ‘and. the class
‘ struggle have assumed a '-complex
“character, under the circumstances ft
is important to attach special consi-
‘ deration “tothe ideological work, he
* said. .
He further’ pointed out that to al-
“Veviate the thortagz of bread in the:
: city, ‘the ‘construction of five bakeries
‘is underway which would produce
“oyer half 'a million bread daily. ..
' "The construction “work of three

‘of “the bakeries: is reaching ‘comple,
‘tion; he said, adding ‘that when the
“bakeries start_ functioning they will
iner.a.e bread produotion in the city
by 30 per cent.”

Comrade Lemma’ alo retalled ‘the
contribution made by the residents of
“the eity towards ‘helping the drought
_ Vietims, Mass organizations aré tak-
‘ing care of 285 children from the
‘drought -hit areas,” he said,’ Comrads
‘Lemima ‘also: spoke ‘bout the mea:u-
Ygcu teken to; solve..,the problem. of
‘firewood. Comrade Girma Zewge, .
AChairinan‘of the“Addis ‘Ababa WPE
Committee Control, Commission, pre-
sented a report on the activity.of ‘the

22

; commission: ‘The Participants later
approved the. report following lengthy
{ducosdeoe '

Meanwhile, the. * geoond iregular
“nealing of the WPE committees of
> Exitrea, ‘Kaffe and Aresi regions were
Seonducted yesterday in’ Asmara, Jim-
‘ma and “Assela respectively.

* During the meetings, the first sec-
‘yetaries of the regional WPE com-
‘mittees presented reports ‘reflecting
| the “activities © undertaken following
‘the holding of their first regular:

meetings,
‘Chairmen of the respective. WPE
‘Control. Commissions” also submitted
reports covering the past six months,
“following waich recommendations
-for the adoption of future program-
mes were duly adopted after extensive
“discussions. ,
In. his report to the ‘meeting in
“‘Arest’ region, Comrade ‘Sileshi Men-:
gesha, member of the CC of the WPE
and’ First Secretary of the regional
iWPE Committee, said that develop-
‘font activities are being stepped up
“in ‘the region, with the view to cuzb
sthe.effects-of the drought by leunch-
ang irrigational rojects-and encour-
aging mass” "participation ‘ in vegetable
“eultivation.” ~~

We. A plan “haa”
,this connection’ to “distribute 16
‘quinials éf impioved seeds and deve
lop 530 hectares-of and through irri-
igation, he eaid. .
i At the meeting held in. Kaffa re- ,
:gion, Comrade Begashaw Atalai,
member of the CC of WPE and First ,
Secretary of the regional WPE Com-
i-taittee, “explained the: mass participa:
tion to rehabilitate compatriots affec-
ted. by. drought in aooordance with
1 the directives of the,Polithuro of the
CC of WPE. : L



NOTE

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mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed-in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
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original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
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item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

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This is a highly fluid group that can be pushed in a specific direction by
strong leadership.

[Question] ‘What is the degree of discord between the elements that you have
enumerated?

[Answer] There are sharp dividing lines on the basis of ideology. One could
even say that the groups are hostile to one another, and the chances of organ-
izations ‘such as AZAPO and Inkatha working together seem to me to be very slim.

On the one hand, Inkatha is belittled by AZAPO as a group of collaborators;
for its part, members of Inkatha were involved in a fight with members of the
UDF on the campus of the University of Zululand. And AZAPO is called racist
by the UDF.

We have here in fact the same historical. dividing lines as there were between
Charterists and Africanists in the 1950s. .It has now been simply aggravated
by the intervention of Marxist. ideology.

[Question] What role does the banned ANC play in the background?

[Answer] It continues.to play an important role, at least due to its inter-
national recognition.

There are several conspicuous parallels in the history of the founding of. the
UDF and the formulation of the ANC's Freedom Charter. There are also parallels
in the aims of the Freedom Charter and of. the Declaration drawn up by the UDF
at its founding.. Both organizations are multi-racial, while the UDF includes
several former ANC members as patrons and officials.

[Question] What .is more important in black politics: ideology or leadership?

[Answer] .There.are a few stiong leadership figures who are capable, through
the forcefulness of their leadership, of pushing followers in a particular
direction, such as Captain Buthelezi of Inkatha, for example.

On the other hand, the large, moderate masses are actually leaderless.

Various reasons can be given for this, one of which is. ideological pressure on
potential leaders. A moderate leader is quickly reviled as a collaborator
and/or done away with.

Also, past South African political policy has. consciously broken up certain
black leadership: only that in the homelands has been’ promoted.

[Question] How stable do you consider the black political system to be at
the moment?

[Answer]. It is usually said that building a black iniddle class promotes stabi-
lity because it would then have shared’ interests with members of the middle
class in other groups.

6



JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

TANZANIA

IRANIAN OFFICIALS COMMENT ON TOURISM, AID
LD191949 Dar Es Salaam External Service in English 1600 GMT 19 May 85

/Text/ The Islamic Republic of Iran says it intends to send a group of tourists
to Tanzania in the next 2 months. The Iranian deputy minister for Islamic
guidance in charge of pilgrimage and tourism, Mr (Behruz Mahkuki), told: newsmen
in Dar Es Salaam that he has come to Tanzania to see the possibility of bringing
tourists. Mr (Mahkuhi), who arrived in Dar Es Salaam on Wednesday for a 5-day
visit to Tanzania, said if all formalities, including granting of visas and
landing permits are completed, the first batch of tourists would arrive in

the country after the holy month of Ramadan, expected to start later this. week.
He said his tour of Tanzania would enable him to publicize African tourist
potentials and strengthen cultural and tourism ties between the Islamic
Republic and Tanzania. .

He said he has come to study schedules of Air Tanzania Corporation and see the
possibility of his country's tourists using ATC services from Dubai to Dar Es

Salaam.

Mr Mahkuhi today left for Zanzibar to see tourists attractions there before
flying back home in the afternoon. He has also visited Kenya on a similar

mission.

Meanwhile, Iran has donated more than 2,000 tons of food to Tanzania. Iran's
ambassador to Tanzania, ir Seyyed Mohammad ‘Ali, said the food, including

wheat, rice, cooking oil, dates, processed food and sugar arrived yesterday

by a special ship from the Islamic Republic. He said some 1,200 tons of the
food was for Tanzania mainland while another 1,200 tons would go to Zanzibar.

He said there was a 40-seater bus and an ambulance for the Mwananyamara hospital.
‘The bus, to be used by the Ministry of Health, was donated by Iran's Red

Crescent society.

Mr 'Ali said another congisnment of medical equipment and laundry machines
for the country's hospitals was expected in the country soon. He said the
food and medical equipment were donated by the people of Iran to drought hit
country, including Tanzania.

csO: 3400/318

7%



Our desire is to conquer our own land and attain peace. This is an objective
and precise analysis of the current situation in southern Angola. This is a
reality which is experienced daily by the martyrized Cunene Province residents.
In fact, a large portion of the South African troops which withdrew from Cunene
Province and crossed the border did not move far. They are there, in occupied,
Namibia, peeping from the barbed wire. South Africa introduced the armed ban-
dits of the so-called UNITA forces in the liberated territories, so that with
their direct support, they may pursue terrorist, destabilizing actions against
our people and our economy. e

The so-called UNITA army has no military worth whatever without the support it
receives from South Africa, Comrade President Jose Eduardo dos Santos ‘said,
and this is known through direct experience by the officials, ‘the population,
and the armed forces stationed in Cunene Province.

On this issue, the supreme leader of the Angolan revolution unequivocally
reiterated the justness of the principles of our policy of national unity and
harmonization with our people's desire for complete independence. Symbolizing
the unified will of the Angolan people from Cabinda Province to Cunene Pro- :
vince, Comrade President Jose Eduardo dos Santos pro-offered his hand to all
Angolans who are inthe UNITA ranks and who may have repented over the sense-
less war they are carrying out, and who may want to join other Angolans in the
rebuilding of our country,.because Angola is already independent. Those will
be welcome, and they will benefit from the policy of clemency offered by the
triumphant revolution, in the spirit. of harmony and national unity.

The others--those whose act against the constitution and the will of our
people, who came from outside with weapons in order to steal cattle, destroy
homes, sabotage railroads and create various difficulties for our people-- .
those will-naturally not be accepted as Angolans, because they. act as declared
enemies of the Angolan people. According to the, comrade president, for those
there is only one word, and that is struggle, till the annihilation of their .
forces. This is the struggle of the people as a whole, of all Angolans, from *
Cabinda Province to Cunene Province, where, in. the military units, youths from
all parts of Angola without racial, tribal, or educational differences, stand
in the same trench, all aware that the enemy comes from outside, and that the
enemy must be fought, firmly fought. They know that they must stand united
and certain of victory. : » .

The struggle is in Cunene Province, where the message of hope delivered by ~
Comrade President Jose Eduardo dos Santos is a certainty, a future already .
experienced today by the sons of (Mandume) and by all Angolans from Cabinda
Province to Cunene Province who stand firm in.all combat. trenches on all. fronts.

The struggle continues, Victory is certain.

cso: 3400/287

12



The negotiations for a partnership in the paper trust Modi Paper Co were
discontinued; also the plan to construct jointly with the Anglovaal company
and the state development agency, Industrial Development Corp, a 230-million
rand plant for manufacturing synthetic soda (sodium carbonate) was put on

ice until the British BP company decided whether to mine natural soda (sodium
carbonate) from the Makadigadi deposits in neighboring Botswana. South Africa
imports about 0.25 million tons of soda annually. Furthermore, AECI this
year will evaluate the cost-effectiveness of extracting semi-finished products
from methanol and increase production capacity of urea by 25 percent to 1000
tons a day.

Sentrachem Ltd., whose range of products includes PIR (polyisoprene rubber),
PBR (polybutadiene rubber), SBR (styzene butadiene rubber), alkylate, aktivated
carbon, polystyrene, agricultural and industrial chemicals, fertilizers,
plastics, as well as chemicals for foodstuffs and mining -- all manufactured
with licenses from Goodyear -~ was able to record in 1984 a considerably
higher net profit of 52.9 (19.1) million rands on revenues that increased
slightly to 723 million rands and earnings on operations that declined by

4 million rands to 104.8 million. Losses were posted only by the synthetic
rubber Afprene plant, a 100-million rand investment, which -- according to
bank reports -- actually stood at 400 million rands. The company is currently
studying the economic feasibility of a 100-million rand plant for manufacturing
“caustic soda/chlorine."

In 1984, the entire chemical industry felt the economic strains in South Africa
as a result of the weak rand, high inventories and transport costs, even

though a few companies were able to report respectable profits. The production
index (1975 = 100) was 147.7 (126.8) in November 1984 for industrial chemicals;
other chemical products 137.9 (147.6); rubber 110.0 (113.0); and plastics

144.6 (158.1). Companies were reported running at 86 percent capacity in 1984,
while the total value of production was 12 billion and price increases -- with
the exception of fertilizers -- were at 20 percent. The production costs

for a range of chemicals exceeded appreciably the world level. Thus, the state-
financed "Group for Technoeconomic Studies," a division of the Council for
Scientific & Industrial Research, joined others in the assessment that, for
example, the local production costs for ethylene were twice as high as

the world prices, which will fall by another 40 percent after Saudi Arabia
begins production in 1985/86. Thus, according to the study, South African
manufacturers of plastic products would have no chance of competing in the
world market.

12399
cso: 3420/61

71



JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

GHANA.

NAVY URGED TO PROTECT WATERS AGAINST ILLEGAL FISHING
AB260822 Accra Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 26 May 85

/Text/ A suggestion has been made to the Ghana Navy to consider protecting
the country's territorial waters against illegal fishing. This was contained
in a speech read on behalf of the managing director of Mankoadze Fisheries,
Mr Robert Ocran, at a convention of the Western Command of the Ghana Navy in
Sekondi. According to Mr Ocran, the southern limit of the country's economic
zone in the Altantic Ocean has been virtually left unprotected from poaching
by foreign fishing vessels. He commented that from time to time foreign
vessels fishing'in the country's waters with impunity. This is because they
have never been challenged or have never sighted any patrol boats.

Mr Ocran pointed out that this situation is quite unlike other Western African
countries where foreign fishing vessels which attempted to fish in their
territorial waters are promptly arrested and fined heavily. Mr Ocran said
there are about 100 of these foreign vessels operating along Ghana's side of
the Atlantic.

The managing director observed that at present the Ghana Navy has not been
organized to protect the country's territorial waters and consequently it is
unable to offer any assistance to the fishing fleet. He suggested that knowledge
in fishery should be included in the navy's naval training program.

Mr Ocran said the Intergovernmental Oceanography Commission, which was set up
recently, should try to emphaisze the importance which Ghana must attach to

her marine resources and to protect the heavy investment pumped into the
country's fishing industry.

CSO: 3400/316

29



ITALIAN AGRICULTURAL ASSISTANCE--The Governments of Mozambique and Italy
signed in Maputo today a contract for the development of the first 4,000
hectares of the fields irrigated by the Corumana Dam. The project is worth
29 million dollars to be financed by the Italian Government and is expected
to be completed over a period of 2 years, [Excerpts] [Maputo Domestic Ser-
vice in Portuguese 1700 GMT 23 May 85 MB]

PORTUGAL DROUGHT PONATION--Portugal's State Secretary for Cooperation Eduardo
Ambar yesterday presented to the Mozambican Government a donation of medicine
and clothese valued at about $1 million for the victims of natural disasters
in our country. Eduardo Ambar, who made the symbolic handover of the donation
to Home Trade Minister Aranda da Silva, said on the occasion that the gesture
demonstrated the solidarity of the government and péople of Portugal with the
dramatic situation being experienced in Mozambique. ‘he spirit with which we
did it must be understood as one of true solidarity between peoples and
fraternity between Portugal and Mozambique, Eduardo Ambar stressed.

{Text] [Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 0400 GMT 24 May 85 MB]

cso: 3400/313

36



Still, it continues to. be desirable to use the Defense Force in such cases only
as an exception. The Police, which should be trained’ and equipped to deal with
situations of domestic unrest with: a minimum of violence,’ must always be. the
first line of defense against impending anarchy.

Moreover, in South Africa's heterogenous circumstances, it appears to be abso- -
lutely necessary that in the first place use be made of the people of the
various population groups in order to deal with disruptive situations among
these groups.

Problem

This is a lesson that was driven home during the Soweto riots in 1976. The
validity of this point of view is moreover evidenced by. the relatively quiet
national states, where black leaders themselves have assumed the functions of
preserving order.

Qutside the national states, the appearance of white preservers of justice is
often like a spark in the powder keg. Obviously, political answers will have
to be found whereby groups are enabled to manage at least an important part
of their problems themselves, including the problems of their own security.

Equally obvious is the fact that matters are being seriously complicated by
divisiveness among black groups, something that Nobel Prize: laureate Bishop
Desmond Tutu is now laboriously trying to help overcome.

Even so, it was recognized as early as 1976 with Soweto that local governmental
bodies for blacks will have to gain greater powers than white municipalities.
This means in particular that certain functions for preserving order should be
included.

What could be more obvious than the supposition that blacks should maintain
order in black communities?

This is a responsibility that in the past has sometimes been shoved all too
conveniently onto the shoulders of whites. This form of "the white man's
burden" must be ended. If blacks want greater say in the cities, they must
also accept growing responsibilities.

Incidentally, it is these kinds of realities of the new policy in South Africa
that those on the far Right want to avoid by wishing all people of color away
to "homelands" or "heartlands"-~but these are realities with consequences that
they cannot escape through daydreams, even if they are pursuing their policy
of fleeing to Morgenzon.

The country's greatest interests demand that political solutions for blacks be
found outside the national states as well.

61



JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

KENYA

PARLIAMENT ADOPTS CEREAL BILL; MINISTER COMMENTS
EA232213 Nairobi Domestic Service in English 1830 GMT 23 May 85
{From the "Today in Parliament" Program/

JExcerpts/ /passage omitted/ Parliament passed the national cereals and
produce board bill with some amendments. Replying. on behalf of his ministry,
an assistant minister for agriculture and. livestock development, Mr George
Mwicigi, told the House that the country has 5 million bags of maize in reserve
at the moment, and that many more bags were being bought and stored. Mr
Mwicigi informed the members that. the country was capable of storing up to 9
million bags of maize, addingethatathehstorage seapacity’ willibeTMinéreasede<

to 11 million bags when new stores are constructed. The assistant minister
further said that Kenyans consumed 230 fas heard/ bags of wheat per month,
20,000 bags of rice per month,. and 10,000 bags of beans per month. On maize,
he said, they consumed 400 las heard/ bags of maize per month, adding that this
sometimes increased up to 1 million bags per month. Mr Mwicigi appealed to
Wananchi not rely on maize alone, as other food grains were also important.

/passage omitted on drought cycle/

He also said that movements of grains will be relaxed once the country has
plenty of food, and measures will be taken to. ensure that there was no illegal

exportation of food.

On prices of beans and cashew nuts, the assistant minister noted that the price
was dictated by the world market, but he urged farmers to continue producing
as the government was ready to assist them market their produce when prices

are (unfavorable?) /passage omitted/

CSO: 3400/320

32



Roots of. Black. Infighting

Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND. in Afrikaans 7 May 85: p 10

[Interview with Professor Dirk Kotze of development: administration and African
politics at. the University of South Africa, by Otto Krause: "Black Disinte-
gration is Legacy of the Past"; date and place not given]

[Text] . Black against black has been the distinctive feature
of recent violence in our country. ‘The blame for this is

to a large extent being put on the various factions of black
politics, so much so that Bishop Desmond Tutu is currently
making an attempt to bring about peace among blacks.

Professor Dirk Kotze of development administration and African politics at
UNISA [University of South Africa] discussed the matter with Otto Krause.

[Question] _ What are the most important elements currently active in black
politics?

[Answer] The groups active today in black politics are primarily derived from
the large groups encountered in the 1950s.and 1960s.

The UDF [United Democratic Front] can be regarded as the successor of the so- -
called Charterists who drafted the Freedom Charter in 1955 and who were non-
racial. This group moved within the general sphere of influence of the ANC.

AZAPO [Azanian People's Organization] for its part can be regarded as the de-
scendent of the Africanists, who appeared as early as 1944 for the first time
and who again gained attention in 1959 with the establishment of the PAC
[Pan-Africanist Congress]. In the 1970s this group was again in the fore-
ground with the Black Consciousness Movement.

Since then, this wing of black politics has been inspired by Marxist ideology.

Then there are the so-called pragmatists who have always wanted to use any
available opportunities to stipulate’ the best possible system for their people.
This current is encountered. throughout black political history and is present
today in organizations such as Inkatha.

[Question] What about the non-political or moderate masses of blacks?

[Answer] They can be called political observers: who over the course of decades
have indeed formed a good perception of politics. These people are potential
political participants. At-the moment they are to a large extent alienated
from the political system, but, on the other hand, their opposition to politi-

cal violence is very great.

They are just as concerned. as average whites about the political violence now
taking place, but they do wonder whether radical political change will not
perhaps be to their advantage.

64



expertise. The agreement also provides for other forms of economic cooperation.
The minister of national planning, Chief Michael Adigun, said in New York that
the accord was in keeping with the policy of the federal military government

to enter into cooperation agreements with countries that have similarities with
Nigeria. The minister, who was in New York on his way home after signing the
agreement, also held talks with representatives of General Motors on possible
cooperation with Nigeria. Details of the meeting were not disclosed but re-
ports say officials of the U.S. company will soon visit Nigeria as a followup
to the meeting in New York. [Text] [Lagos Domestic Service in English 1500
GMT 22 May 85 AB]

cso: 3400/235

42



=<In this thought~provoking two-part article, the minister of foreign affairs,
Dr Witness Mangwende, deeply analyses this controversial American policy to-
wards southern Africa.

In a hastily-called press conference last December, in which he sought to ex-
plain the implications, or non-implications of certain remarks President Ronald
Reagan had made a few days earlier concerning South Africa, the United States
assistant secretary of state for African affairs, Dr Chester Crocker, went to
some lengths to assure the assembled press and, quite obviously the South
African Embassy officials too, that there had not, in fact, been any shift

in overall U.S. policy towards South Africa.

At a White House ceremony marking International Human Rights Day, President
Reagan had said that he and his administration viewed racism "with repugnance"
and, in calling for an end to the forced removal of South African blacks from
their communities, detention without trial and the lengthy 4mprisonment of
black leaders, he had urged the government and people of South Africa to move
towards a more just society.

These remarks, representing a most.outspoken, albeit oblique, criticism of the
P wtoria regime and its apartheid policies by a Western political leader re-
nowned for his ultra~conservatisti and his attitude of patient tolerance towards
white-ruled South Africa, gave cause for some hope and a great deal of specula-
tion suggesting that perhaps patience had finally worn thin and that. a change
in United States policy might be imminent.

Dr Crocker, however, saw to it that such hopes were, for the time being anyway
effectively crushed and gave assurances that "constructive engagement," which
he said really meant "quiet diplomacy" or "something like it" would continue.

The president's remarks came in the wake of increasingly widespread racial un-
rest in South Africa and, perhaps more importantly, in response to an unpre-
cedented demonstration of popular support and sympathy within the United States
itself for the brutally oppressed black majority of South Africa, the foremost
victims of Pretoria's institutionalised racist system.

It is interesting to note that rather than accept the level of protestation
within the United States as a clear and unequivocal rejection of current Amer-
ican policy towards South Africa, the authorities in Washington have chosen
instead to view the rightful anger and disdain of its own citizens as merely
the result of a "misunderstanding" on their part of course of the official
attitude towards South Africa and of the significance of "constructive engage~-

Before looking at constructive engagement as a "policy" of sorts, it is use-
ful to examine the term itself and, indeed the confusion the use thereof . ap-
pears to engender both within the United States and abroad. .

It emerged in early 1981 as the brainchild of its chief architect and most
ardent’. supporter, Dr Crocker, then the newly~appointed assistant secretary
of state for African affairs.

84



IMPORTANG is .a-company considered strategic and of a priority nature, and it
has its headquarters in Luanda and performs its activities throughout. na-"
tional territory.

ANGOP: What are the principal areas. on which it bases its activities?

Director-General:: IMPORTANG has the objective of importing products for
supplying the population and the development of the country pursuant to a
national plan and the orientations of the higher authorities, particularly
the Ministry of Foreign Trade.

ANGOP: . How many contracts did it sign in 1984, with which:firms, what types
of articles were imported, and what was their financial value?

Director-General:. IMPORTANG signed nearly 600 contracts.to fulfill its
imports plans, which is the equivalent of nearly 150 trade operations. In
this respect, and because the number of contracts may appear exaggerated,
we would like to explain that because of legislative provisions of customs
and other organizations of ‘surveillance and control linked to the national
economy; IMPORTANG, like all’ importers, is obliged to carry out its trade
operations with contracts for each port of destination.

This means that if in an operation dealing with beans, IMPORTANG is asked
by the ordering unit for a quantity of beans be delivered, for example, to
the ports of Namibe, Lobito,. Luanda or even Cabina, it. would have to enter
into four different contracts to cover one single operation.

In the world of international. trade there are several trading companies,
which in their importing and exporting activities sell the most varied
products. For this reason, it is most of the time more advantageous to make
a direct contract with them than to go directly to the producers. Those
advantages do not refer only to the-price factor, but also to. the guarantee
of quality and timely delivery of the product contracted for. That is the
reason that some times we sign a contract for the supply of several products
with a single supplier.

However, it is worth saying that IMPORTANG. signs contracts with. companies in
all parts of the world, which are commercially compatible, with the exception
of the Republic of South Africa and Israel.

For the 1984 plan, IMPORTANG imported products which included such things as
food products, including beverages; articles for hygiene and cleaning, tex-
tiles, footwear, clothing and bedding, sports articles, raw:materials for
the food industries, clothing and textiles, fertilizers, products for poultry
raising, including chicks and fertilized eggs, toys and a varied range of
products and articles destined for sale in the rural areas.

All that volume of imports totalled a sum of nearly 10 billion kwanzas, the
equivalent of $330 million.

ANGOP: What does ‘the management. of this company plan on doing within its
sphere of action for 1985? ©



Briefs
Angolan Experts Study Joint Cooperation
Materials From GDR
GDR Relief Aid
Official Lauds Civilian Combat Initiative
Italian Agricultural Assistance
Portugal Drought Donation

NAMIBIA

Briefs
Landmine Kills 3 Near Oshakati

NIGERIA

Joint Commission Meeting With PRC Set for June
(NAN, 8 May 85).esececccceccccvsceee

eer ccecccccceccees

Agreement on Returnees Spelled Out
(AFP, 8 May 85) .sccccccccccccccnccccccccsscssccvccsescsens

Briefs
Decline in Oil Drilling
1984 Petroleum Profit Tax
Need for Technology Stressed
Ghanaian Businessmen Profit
Alternative to IMF Loan
Paper Criticizes Repatriation Handling
Paper Commends Repatriation Handling
Cooperation Agreement With Uruguay

SEYCHELLES

Soviet Marine Research Cooperation Reported
(NATION, 11 May 85) cccccccccccccccccsecccvcsvcscvcvccsces

Diversification of Technical Aid Sought

(NATION, 22 Apr 85)ececcccecscccnsvccescccrccscscccvseceses
Trade Deficit Lowest in Five Years ‘

(NATION, 8 May 85)..ceeees

Seen ese rcenrecccecccssccncces

Victoria-New Delhi Strengthen Relations
(NATION, 14 May 85).ceccccccvcccccccccscccccvercvcccsecces

Praslin Airport Improvements Reported
(NATION, 16 May 85)...0.

IYY Youth Seminar Held at Anse Royal
(NATION, 3 May 85). ccccveccccccccceccesccccccecccscceseces

=~c-

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JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

NIGERIA

AGREEMENT ON RETURNEES SPELLED OUT
ABO81414 Paris AFP in French 0826 GMT 8 May 85

[Excerpts] Lagos, 8 May (AFP)--The 700,000 illegal immigrants, who now have
only 3 days to leave Nigeria, could well return there legally after 3 weeks
by taking advantage of an agreement signed by 16 West African countries in-
cluding Nigeria, an African diplomatic source: said in Lagos. In fact, accord-
ing to the ECOWAS protocol agreement signed in May 1979 in Dakar and ratified
on 5 June 1980 by the 16 member states, citizens from the member countries
can freely reside in any other country of the community as from 5 June 1985.

The protocol agreement stipulates that during the first 5 years, citizens
from the member countries will be allowed freedom of movement as well as of
residence not exceeding 90 days in any other country belonging to the commun-
ity. This is the law now in force. The African diplomatic source indicated
that according to the agreement, the citizens will have the right of residence
during the second phase (from 1985 to 1990) and that during the third phase
(which will begin in 1990), they will have the right of establishment.

Although none of the countries most directly concerned (Ghana, Niger, Benin
and Chad) has officially criticized Nigeria's sovereign decision--with the
exception of Benin which accused Lagos of failure to respect its commitments
and which closed its borders for some days~-some other countries, such as
Ivory Coast which boycotted a summit conference recently held in Lagos, have
given the impression of showing some disapproval. Finally, some other coun-
tries, which are impressed by Nigeria's power and which do not dare to openly
oppose the decisions of the military regime, have been wondering what would
become of Nigeria should countries like Sudan--which has 4 million Nigerian
residents--or Ivory Coast and Ghana, which have 1 million each, decide to
expel them. "The country, which claims to be the older brother in Africa, is
busy driving away its younger brothers," a diplomat said on Tuesday.

cso: 3400/234

39



JPRS-SSA-85-049.
18 June 1985 >

SOUTH AFRICA

STATUS OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY EXAMINED

Frankfurt /Main’ FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German
18 Apr 85 p 2 .

[Text] Although’ the South African chemical group AECI Ltd, which operates
with British and American licenses, was able to increase its turnover in

1984 by 24 percent to 2.017 billion rands (1 rand equals about DM 1.62),

it suffered losses on’ other fronts: higher finance costs, currency devaluations
and cost pressure from imported goods caused a decline of net earnings on
operations by four percent to 235 million rands, and after-tax profits sunk

by 35 million rands to 109 million. rands. The company, which has a range

of products including chemicals, explosives, fertilizers, dyes, plastics and
synthetic fibers, plans in 1985/1986. to construct more factories for pro-
ducing explosives, a venture for which 1 billion rands have been allocated.

AECI is said to be the most important manufacturer of, explosives in the world.
Until recently --.and for. over 80 years -- it held a monopoly on supplying

the mining companies connected with the mining association. This is for a
market that at an annual growth rate of six percent may have hada total worth
of 4.5 billion rands in 1984,-The company's previous production of dynamite
and gelignite was expanded by the acquisition of a Dupont license held by
competitor Phoenix Explosives, a subsidiary of the Hanhill. Group, which
operates also in Swaziland. This license is being marketed under. the ‘name

Tovex Watergel.

In the explosives market’, AECI° is receiving other competition from the partly
state-owned sassolite plants, now being started up. -This venture will market
under licenses of the Swedish Nitro Nobel company and the Atlas Powder Co,
Dallas, an ammonium nitrate~based explosive carrying the brandname Emulite.
In the past fiscal year, AECI assumed personal. control over the five Coalplex
facilities that it had previously operated jointly with the second-largest -
South African chemical company, Sentrachem, in manufacturing PVC, chlorine,
carbide, acetylene and vinyl chloride monomers... It also took over from
Triomf the fertilizer plants Chloorkop and Somerset West. The export of PVC,
which in 1984 went to 31 countries outside Europe and America, is to be
raised by 20,000 tons to 70,000 tons annually after production is increased
in the Coalplex factory; in 1984, export earnings from this. business reached

some 35 million rands (fob)...

70



A World Bank official closely concerned with the Tanzanian economy explained
that it was not so much the direct aid from the IMF but the "trigger effect"
an agreement would have in bringing forth aid from the bank, for example, and
from Tanzania's traditional aid donors in Western Europe.

President Nyerere, whose relations with the IMF have long been uneasy, has
resisted the terms of an agreement which he believes would have adverse social
effects and could provoke riots. He has also likened the IMF to a kind of
“international finance ministry" seeking to impose measures on countries.

At the same time, he is clearly bowing, at least in part, to its kinds of advice.
Explaining the turnabout decisions concerning the sisal estates and housing,

he has admitted that mistakes have been made in the attempts to steer Tanzania
on the path to a socialist state.

It appears as if the Tanzanian leader, who is to retire as executive head of
state later this year, is at the moment implementing IMF-type measures without
the country getting the advantages that such an agreement would be expected to
bring.

However, he has said that he would like to conclude an agreement with the IMF,
on condition that the terms are acceptable. He is also under friendly pressure
from West European governments to sign.

President Nyerere was in Europe in March, West Germany's economic cooperation
minister was in Tanzania earlier this month to see the situation first hand,
and the Tanzanian leader was this week in West Germany, with visits to the
Scandinavian countries next.

The message from these donor governments, which President Nyerere may be forced
reluctantly to accept, is expected to be that they would be in a much better
position to help Tanzania if it could reach an agreement with the IMF.

Observers believe therefore that an agreement might be reached even if by
some more gradual process than has been the case for some other countries.

President Nyerere has remarked that while the foreign experts might know what
is best for the economy, he knows best what is acceptable to the country.

cso: 3400/318

79



234122

JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

peso quad LNSTSOUED 8,

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FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

~ REPRODUCED BY

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INFORMATION SERVICE | | DISTRIBUTION STA c
OS. MED Ga aatel Approved for public release;,,



CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

MDI Leader Faces Possible Charge of Plotting Overthrow
(AFP, 7 May 85)sccccsccccsccccccccccccscccccccceccesscsees

ETHIOPIA

Establishment of PDRE Remains Goal of WPE
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 4 May 85)...cccsccccccccccccccccecs

Local WPE Committee Adopts Resolutions
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 5 May 85)..ccsescccces

Briefs
Regional WPE Committees

GHANA

International Peace Seminar Ends in Accra
(Accra Domestic Service, 17 May 85).ccesccccssccccsecevece

Obeng Discusses Economic Cooperation With GDR
(NEUES DEUTSCHLAND, 22 May 85).sceccccsecccccccccesccccece

Five To Face Firing Squad for Bank Fraud
(Accra Domestic Service, 23 May 85).cssccvescccccscesccsces

Four More Sentenced to Death in Bank Fraud Case
(Accra Domestic Service, 27 May 85)..ccscccccccscvcccccecs

Navy Urged To Protect Waters Against Illegal Fishing
(Accra Domestic Service, 26 May 85)..sescesseee

GUINEA-BISSAU

Capital of Guinea-Bissau Thrown Into Darkness ©
(Carolina Fonseca; AFP, 24 May B5) ccvccccccceccesccececees

KENYA

Parliament Adopts Cereal Bill; Minister Comments
(Nairobi Domestic Service, 23 May 85).cscccccececceccsceee

MOZAMBIQUE

Machel Tours Maputo, Conducts 'Frank' Dialogue
(Maputo Domestic Service, 23 May 85)..cecccvcccscccscccecs

Mangwende Says OAU Has Withstood Test of Time
(Harare Domestic Service, 26 May 85)..seccccecvccccccsececs

~b-

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JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

_ GHANA

FIVE TO FACE FIRING SQUAD FOR BANK FRAUD
AB232056 Accra Domestic Service in. English 2000 GMT 23 May 85

/Text/ The public tribunal in Accra today sentenced all the five people involved
in the 26.7 million cedi fraud at the Social Security Bank /SSB/ to death by
firing squad. They are Bernard Apete Odonkor, senior accountant of the bank,
Joseph Kwame Adu, a businessman, and Abraham Tetteh Paddy of the Meat Marketing
Board. The other: two accused persons now at large are Kobina Abbam, assistant
accountant of the SSB, and Nathan Addioo, managing director of Adna Construc-
tions. According to the prosecution, they stole settlement advice forms
belonging to the bank, forged signatures on them, and paid the monies into

the accounts of the agreed companies as payment for stationery supplied to the
bank by the companies.

Reading the judgment, the chairman of the tribunal, Mr Addo Aikins, said even
though it has been established that the accused persons have stolen the money,
not even one pesewa has been recovered from any of them. He said from his ow
investigations, the tribinal has come to the conclusion that part of the stolen
money went to. dissidents and subversionists. Mr Aikins said the tribunal is
also of the view that there are still others at their posts in the bank who
should be investigated. He said the tribunal wonders why these deals, which
started in 1983, could not be detected until now. The tribunal is not satisfied
with the glaring negligence displayed by the authorities of the bank and called
for a complete overhaul of the accounting system of the bank for the purpose

of plugging all loopholes that allow criminals to manipulate to. their advantage.

The tribunal directed that all the property of the accused persons should be
traced and confiscated to the state. It also praised the internal auditor of

the bank, Mr Christophe Atsitsovi, for his vigilance and recommended his
promotion.

cso: 3400/317

27



On the surface this would appear to be an unnecessary exercise in semantics.

A tactic, after all, can be a strategy in itself or it may also form part of a
larger, overall strategy which in turn, represents the method ‘by which one
achieves a set goal.

The achievement of that goal must surely represent a set policy, and when that
goal, is to be achieved by one natdon in respect of its relationship with
another nation or nations, then that policy must of necessity be dubbed
"foreign." 7

Dr Crocker's attempts, therefore, to distance the term "constructive engage-
ment" from official U.S. foreign policy or to deny that it is a foreign policy
in itself, can be construed to have some significance. :

For, surely, one would only want, or be obliged, to adopt such a distancing
strategy when the tactic one has been advocating for so long has finally proved
to be an utter failure and when the risk to others of "political contamination"
therefrom is high.

The fact that there is obvious confusion within the Reagan administration it-
self as to what exactly "constructive engagement" 4s or, perhaps more perti-
nently, what it is not, goes some way towards explaining the difficulty that
administration has been having in trying to convince the world at large that
it has in fact been successful in its endeavours.

It would appear rather obvious that if one does not know, really, what one is
doing, then surely one cannot meaningfully determine whether or not one is
being successful in doing it.

Of course, Washington has said that its overall policy towards South Africa is
one of stating that "apartheid is repugnant," and of "encouraging the develop-
ment of full democracy (there) and (the) enjoyment of rights for all of South
Africa's citizens." And indeed, Dr Crocker himself has stated that in South
Africa the administration seeks "progress towards what we term a government
based on the consent of the governed,” and "constructive change away from
apartheid.”

Explaining this more fully, he has in fact said:

"We assume that what we're talking about its movement towards equal participa-
tion in the economic and political field for all of South Africa's citizens."

This appears to be most encouraging indeed, but one does find the use of the
expression "we assume that what we're talking about..." rather curious, if not
a little depressing; for, surely the Reagan administration should know what it
is talking about when it airs its views and when it articulates its acclaimed
policy on this vital subject. :

Taking a broader view, and with particular reference to the quest for region-
al peace and security, Washington has enunciated its overall policy goals on
the southern African sub-region in the following terms:

86



JPRS-SSA-85-049

, 18 June 1985

ZAIRE

AZAP SAYS LIFE RETURNING TO NORMAL IN MOBA
4B221810 Kinshasa AZAP in French 1622 GMT 22 May 85

[Excerpts] Kinshasa, 20 May (AZAP)--Moba, it should be recalled, is the chief
town of an area of the same name situated in the northern part of the Shaba
Region, and which was invaded in mid-November 1984 by a horde of armed out-
laws who came from a neighbor of Zaire. Their adventure lasted only 48 hours,
thanks to the prompt intervention of the Zairian Armed Forces. The invaders
in flight found refuge in the bush before returning to their departure point
in a "run-for-your-life" retreat. Many people, taken by panic, evacuated
Moba until calm and security returned.

A group of local and foreign journalists have just spent 2 days in Moba and
they unanimously agree that normal activities have resumed.

Once again a plot has been foiled and an adventure aimed at creating psycholog-
ical confusion has been stopped. The adventure was aimed at demonstrating

that Shaba remains fragile and constitutes a perpetual flashpoint in Zaire;
that whatever is said, the Zairian Army remains weak and disorganized; and that
the civilian population should be fearful of it. Our enemies and detractors,
once again, have been disillutioned.

Evidently Moba has come back to life again and the adventure of mid-November
1984 was simply beating the air, because it neither took the edge off the
farmers’ ardor to work, nor disorganize the production and distribution
channels of an area which remains a great hope for neighboring areas in Shaba
and even for Kasai Oriental and Kivu, as a big producer of corn, meat and fish.

According to local traders' estimates, Moba's agricultural production for 1985
will be greater than that of last year. So great is the hope for bumper har-
vest in Moba that for the marketing season of agricultural products of the
area, which began on 15 May, Moba has recorded an impressive influx of traders
in the region. Moba is once again living in hope and peace.

CSO: 3400/234

81



would’ like ‘to know if there is’ something specific with other countries or
firms which in Luanda participated in the. first ‘edition of FILDA-84
[Expansion of FILDA unknown]? .

Director-General: With respect to cooperation with. the PRC:in the area of
trade, and particularly in business, we are’of the opinion: that’ the ‘opening
in addition to being positive, was. timely, if we consider the time, at

which it is taking place.- As: the comrades: know, the leadership of the
Chinese party and state have stated that one of ‘the prominent. factors of
their foreign trade policy is an accentuated trade. with the countries of the
so-called Third’ World, with emphasis on those of :the African Continent, and
within that perspective, our.country also is part of ‘the group of those
with whom China in fact wants to establish bonds of cooperation in the most
varied fields, particularly trade. . .

Such a situation allows us, and this is in the area of trade, to speak
directly with Chinese companies. without having to use intermediaries for
that. We can state specifically ‘that the Chinese market ‘is extremély in-
teresting for ‘us and in ‘keeping with ‘the range of products:sold by IMPORTANG ,
we may find an. answer to our search for certain products or articles, par-
ticularly those which make up the list of, products,for supplying the rural
zones and which in our.country are. contained in the emergency program for
sales in the rural areas.

In this respect, we would like to emphasize. that IMPORTANG does not yet
know the Chinese potentials and possibilities in the area of light indus-
try, therefore, even’before this opening, and within our entrepreneural
aggressiveness in the area-by IMPORTANG and ‘trade personnel, we had already
penetrated. the Chinese market particularly through companies ‘located in
Macao and Hongkong, where some trade missions have been going during the
last 4 years, some looking for markets and others to make ‘various purchases,
particularly after 1982 after the signing of the financing agreement signed
between our National Bank andthe Macao Banking Institute.

In 1984, we can also say we had the professional privilege of being part
of a government delegation which went to China. It was headed by the com-
rade minister of foreign trade. and as a result of that same visit,‘a trade
mission of the business sector consisting of personnel of IMPORTANG. and
EDIMBI, our main source of orders: for productsof Chinese origins, was
present at the internationally *known ‘Canton Fair.

It must be noted that it was as a result of that last. visit to. the Canton
Fair that we are-now talking with Chinese. companies and we may possibly
‘sign some. contracts for articles to be sold in the rural area in the amount
of around $15 million to $20 million.

However, with regard .to the second part: of your question, first of all, I
would like to extend our congratulations to FICOM [expansion unknown], and
the Ministry: of Foreign Trade in particular, and.in general to all the

agencies, which believing in the capacity for accomplishment of our people,



JPRS-SSA~85-049
18 June 1985

SEYCHELLES

DE ST JORRE'S EUROPEAN TOUR REPORTED

Victoria NATION in English 15 May 85 p 1

[Tex

cSO:

t] :

IMPROVING cooperation with governments, international
organisations and non-governmental bodies, strengthening
diplomatic relations with Europe and promoting the Creole
language and culture worldwide — these were but the main
objectives of a recent three-week visit to the United King-
dom, France, Greece and Austria by Mrs Danielle de St
Jorre, the Principal Secrétary for Planning and External
Relations.

Mrs de St Jorre returned last
weekend describing the trip as
very fruitful. She explained
that in the UK and France, to
which she is accredited as Sey-
chelles’ High Commissioner
and Ambassador respectively,
she accompanied President Al-.
bert René in his cooperation
talks with Prime Minister
Margaret Thatcher and Presi-
dent Francois Mitterand and
other senior representatives of
the two governments.

Apart from that, Mrs de St
Jorre also reviewed Seychelles’
cooperation with several aid
organisations in London and
Paris. She discussed the prog- '
ress of current projects and ex-
amined the possibilities of
more help in a wide variety of
fields.

In London, Mrs de St Jorre
discussed cooperation with top

3400/257

51

officials of the Commonwealth
Secretariat, the Common-
wealth’s central body for joint
consultation and cooperation
between member countries and
which puts into effect decisions
for collective action; the Com-
monwealth Fund for Technical
Cooperation (CFTC) which, as
part of the Secretariat, pro-
vides technical assistance in
economic and social develop-
ment to member states; and the
Commonwealth Foundation
which promotes cooperation
activities to raise professional
standards.

At the Commonwealth Insti-
tute, a centre for displaying the
arts and culture of member
countries which all have per-
manent stands there, Mrs de St
Jorre visited the Seychelles ex-
hibit which was recently
reorganised and updated. Her
aim was tosee if the stand really
portrayed an image that the
country wanted.

Another organisation Mrs de
St Jorre held talks with in
London was the British Execu- '
tive Service’ Overseas (BESO),
which provides short term tech- ©
nical assistance of three to six
months.



"Constructive engagement" appears to accept that this should be so and that the
independent states of the region should capitulate to Pretoria's obvious econ-
omic and military dominance if they wish to live in peace.

Cde Mugabe was thus more than justified when, on return from Arusha, he asked
the central question: "Are we left to judge that the so-called policy of
"constructive engagement' has now turned to a policy of ‘constructive insti-
gation' of the Botha regime to resort to a policy of blackmailing South
Africa's neighbours into succumbing to apartheid so it can gain respectabil-
ity?

“Are we not therefore justified in concluding that the Reagan administration
has, in fact, all along been instigating the South African regime to carry out
acts of aggression and sabotage against us in order to coerce us politically
to accept South Africa regardless of its inhuman system?"

Is this collusion between Pretoria and Washington, legitimised under the
umbrella of “constructive engagement" therefore, not tantamount to active
participation by the present U.S. administration in South Africa's plan to ex-
tend its economic colonisation over the entire sub-region and to establish a
“constellation of Southern African states," one over which Pretoria would
reign supreme?

The Americans would of course deny this but their actions make it difficult
for us to reject the possibility of such collusion altogether.

Given the failure of South Africa to honour its:commitments to peace under the
Lusaka and Nkomati agreements and given the mounting tension and instability
in the region, the direct resulting of continuing South Africa~~sponsored
destabilisation--for all of which the policy of "constructive engagement”
must bear a large portion of responsibility--it is once again difficult, if
not impossible, to accept Dr Crocker's assertions that the "quiet diplomacy"
approach has achieved progress in encouraging a "regional climate of detente"
and in strengthening the "framework of regional security in South Africa."

The verifiable and tragic situation on the ground just does not bear out this
sort of spirited but, alas, most convincing defense of the "constructive
engagement" approach to U,S. diplomatic activity in this part of the world.

The truth of the matter is that, yet again, that approach has failed, and
failed miserably, to produce the goods. Indeed, as one has clearly demon-
strated, whether one calls it "constructive engagement" or "quiet diplomacy"
or whether one views it as a foreign policy, a strategy or a mere tactic,
there can be no escaping the painful fact that it has failed, and disastrously
at that.

As an all-embracing guide for the official American approach towards South
Africa and the rest of southern Africa, "constructive engagement" has, in all
spheres and at all jevels, consistently failed to achieve any meaningful pro-
gress towards the overall foreign policy goals as enunciated by the Reagan
administration when it took office four years ago.

3



JPRS~SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

“SOUTH AFRICA

PRIVATE EDUCATION EXPANDING, ENCOURAGED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in AFrikaans 8 May 85 p 11

[Text] Administrator Gene Louw said this week ‘that he has no objection to
the founding of an Afrikaans private school in Cape Province.

Mc Louw was approached as a result of reports that the idea of starting an Af-
rikaans private school is receiving more and more attention in the Rand and in
Pretoria.

Substantial

Early next year in Pretoria, a second private Afrikaans Reformed [Church] ele-
mentary schoolwill open, and in the Rand an Afrikaans private school is being
planned by a group of business and professional people, who put primary empha-
sis on academic excellence. That school will probably begin operations early
in 1987.

According to Mr Louw the provincial administration prefers that children re-
ceive their education in provincial schools, but it has no objection to private
schools and in fact encourages them, especially when they are church-related.

Mc Louw pointed out that the founders’ of private schools must reckon with the-
high costs. associated with such schools. Besides the outlay required for the
purchase of a building, the running costs are substantial. And the instruc-
tional costs amount to some 1 500 rands per child per year, to which the gov-
ernment can contribute only 140 rands per child per year at the present time.

The goal of the contemplated Reformed elementary school in Pretoria is to offer
an education in conformity witha point of view determined by the three Afri-
kaner churches' confessional documents, ABD Paul Kruger of Alberton told our
correspondent in Johannesburg. «He is the chairman of the Action for Reformed
School Education (ARSO), which is cooperating with a parent-teacher associa-
tion in Pretoria to bring this school into existence.

Yardstick

In no-way does he envision an elite school, either. It is estimated that par-
ents will have ‘to pay between 1 000 and 4 200’ rands per child per year, and even
less if there is more than one child per family in the school.

72



JPRS-SSA-85-049

18 June 1985

~~ MOZAMBIQUE

MACHEL TOURS MAPUTO, CONDUCTS 'FRANK' DIALOGUE
MB231225 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1030 GMT 23 May 85

[Text] President Samora Machel yesterday afternoon toured various economic
units near People's Forces Avenue in Maputo. The head of state took the
opportunity to closely inspect the situation of those economic sectors.

Many people milled around the places toured by Phesident Samora Machel to
greet him. A frank and open dialogue was immediately established between
the leader of the revolution and the crowd that went to the place on various
issues, The question of fighting and liquidating the armed bandits and de-
fending the fatherland was one of the main issues that were discussed.

The end of armed banditry, as was pointed out during the dialogue, is the
essential condition for the solution of the grave economic and social prob-
lems plaguing the Mozambican nation. The crowd spontaneously demonstrated
its hatred of the armed bandits and its dedication to effectively partici~
pating in the fight to defend national independence, sovereignty, and ter-
ritorial integrity.

cso: 3400/307

33



JPRS-SSA-85-~049
18 June 1985

SEYCHELLES"

TRADE DEFICIT LOWEST IN FIVE YEARS
Victoria NATION in English 8 May 85 pp 1, 10

[Text] SEYCHELLES’S trade deficit

fell by five percent in 1984 to the
lowest figure in five years, de-

spite a four percent increase in _
imports and a 15 percent drop |

In exports.

deficit to R435 million in 1984 '
was due to the value of re-;
exports, mainly to ships and

aircraft, rising to a record R160

million, 43 percent more than

in 1983.”

The total value of imports’
during 1984 was R617 million,
an increase of R23 million com-}
pared to 1983, but still R24 mil-;
lion less than the 1982 record of
R641 million. The figure also:
includes food, fuel. machinery:
and manufactured goods im-'
ported as part of aid pro-;
grammes. ft
The total value of domestic
exports was R21 million, a R4'
million decrease over 1983.
During 1984, imports of min-
eral fuels,. which made up over
30 percent of all imports, rose »
by over a quarter. The increase '
was mainly for fuel to be resold
to foreign fishing boats. !
Food imports rose by 17 per-
cent, with the biggest increases!
in rice and sugar. However, the
value of live animal imports
_ tumbled by 85.percent and the

i

The R22 million drop in the |

amount paid for animal feed
fell by 28 percent.

Machinery and transport
equipment made up 23 percent
of all imports, manufactured
goods 19 percent and food 18,
percent. oo :

While imports of clothing fell
in value by a quarter from
R13.8 million in 1983 to R10.3
million the following year, im-
ports of yarn, fabrics and other
material used by the sewing in-
dustry rose by 29 percent from
R15.6 million to R20.2 million.

Bahrain, through its
petroleum, supplied 17 percent
of Seychelles’s imports in terms;
of vahie in 1984. Another 16:
percent came from the United:
Kingdom in the form of food,’
chemicals, machinery ~ and
manufactured goods. The re-'
maining top three sources of,
Seychelles’ imports were South
Africa (eight percent), Singa-|
pore (seven percent), . an
Djibouti (petroleum — seven:
percent). i

The value of copra exported
by Seychelles fell by 28 percent’
while cinnamon crashed by 65,
percent. ° |

However, frozen and fresh’
fish earned 17 percent more to
firmly establish themselves as
Seychelles’s| top export
nowadays.

CSO: 3400/257

45



cSO:

Other young people could
not keep their jobs either be-
cause they could not decide
what they wanted to do or be-
cause they were irresponsible
and ill disciplined and did not -
like taking orders or being
corrected.

All this, the seminar pointed
out, showed that young people
had to be trained for and placed
in the right jobs where they felt
there were good prospects and
they were doing something
worthwhile, and that what they ©
were doing was appreciated.

Generation gap

It was also felt that if a young
worker did not come from a
family that was harmonious
and disciplined and where the ,

“father, mother and other mem-

bers did not share responsibili-
ties willingly, it affected the
youth’s concentration and sta-
bility in his job.

The seminar was concerned
that something had to be done
to bridge the generation gap
both at home and at work that
once again resulted in young
people and their elders losing
respect for, and not cooperat-
ing with, each other.

Youth counselling, meetings
between working youth and
group discussions with parents,
all at the community or district
level, would help ensure

_ Motivated and stable young
workers, the seminar believed.

3400/257

The seminar noted that the
Government’s emphasis on
providing people with more on-

50

the-job and in-service training
‘was very important in increas-
ing productivity and efficiency
and therefore giving added im-
petus to the national develop-
ment effort.

The participants also expres-
sed concern about the number
of young Seychellois sent a-
broad for training but who did
not return or who, if they did
return, did not stay long in the
country before leaving again.

Harmonious
relationship

Underlining how crucial it
was to have harmonious rela-
tions between workers and bet-
ween workers and their man- —
agement, the seminar sug-
gested that regular meetings,
good communications and ex-
changes of information within a
work place, more worker
participation in decision mak-
ing and even informal get-
togethers outside working
hours would help.

The result would not only be
better cooperation, but also
more respect for each other as
individuals and for each other’s *
work.

The resolutions and recom-
mendations are to be for- '
warded to the NWU, which or- ~
ganised the seminar with the ;
collaboration of the Seychelles
People’s Progressive Front, the
Ministry of Labour and Social
Security and the Ministry of
Youth and Defence, and also
to the SPPF Youth League.


VICTORIA-NEW DELHI STRENGTHEN RELATIONS

Victoria NATION in English 14 May 85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

3400/257

INDIA is ready to strengthen cooperation with Sey-
chelles in any fields it can, Youth and Defence Minister
Ogilvy Berlouis said on his return yesterday from a
week’s visit to the subcontinent.

Colonel Berlouis, who de-
livered a message from Presi-
dent Albert René to Prime
Minister Rajiv Gandhi in New
Delhi (photo), said at the
airport that the Indian au-
thorities assured him that their
country was ready to cooperate
in any fields possible and
wherever Seychelles felt help ,
was needed. j

Minister Berlouis’s visit was
at the invitation of Indian De-
fence Minister P.V. Narasimha
Rao, with whom he held talks. !
He also visited defence installa- |
tions including the Western ‘

Naval Command base in
Bombay. .
Last Tuesday, Minister

Berlouis said at a dinner given
in his honour by Mr Rao that

Seychelles was greatly. con-

cerned by the growing militari-

46

sation of the Indian Ocean and
the threat that nuclear weapons
pose. .

Defence Minister Rao called
upon countries of the Indian
Ocean to unite in the fight to
retain the region as a zone of
peace.

The Seychellois delegation, -

which also included Lieutenant
Leonard Lablache of the Sey-
chelles People’s Navy, also dis-
cussed international issues with
the Indian Minister of State re-
sponsible for Foreign Affairs,
Mr Khurshid Alam Khan.

Minister Berlouis was met on
his return today by his Principal
Secretary, Mr Ralph Adam,
members of the Defence
Council and the Indian Chargé
Affaires in Victoria, Mr Ram
Kishan.

JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

SEYCHELLES



AWB THANKS POLICE-~After a mass meeting held yesterday evening in the hall of
the Pretoria mmicipal building, some 1 000 supporters of the Afrikaner Resis-
tance Movement (AWB). marched to the central police station to convey their
thanks by letter to the police commissioner for the great work that was done
by them during the most recent disturbances. The chanting group of people,
with their leader, Mr Eugene Terre-"Blanche, who led the procession, delivered
the memorandum to Colonel J. Loots, the commanding officer of the riot squad.
The gathering in front of the police station, which brought the Pretorius
Street traffic to a halt, concluded with the singing of the national anthem.
At the meeting earlier that evening, Mr Terre-'Blanche had read the memorandum
aloud to the assembly, declaring that the AWB is at the disposition of the po-
lice commissioner, to help in the maintenance of law and order. [Text] [Jo-
hannesburg DIE VADERLAND in AFrikaans 1 May 85 p 5] 8117

CSO: 3401/175

ve)



It has been most widely used overall American "policy" towards Southern Africa
in general but especially South Africa itself.

As a "policy" it was based on the clearly misguided and erroneous assumption
that not withstanding all the years of contemptuous defiance of international
opinion engendered by its domestic and regional policies, the South African
Government would actually be more amenable, and might well respond more posi~
tively, to a Softer approach.

"Constructive engagement" allegedly advocated persuasion through closer con-
tact with Pretoria rather than obligation through rejection of its policies
and the isolation of the regime as a whole.

The recent wave of anti-apartheid protests in both the United States and South
Africa, the. focusing of international attention on the Reagan administration's
foreign policy "scorecard" at the end of the first four years in power, and
the very pertinent questions being asked regarding the success or otherwise of
“constructive engagement," collectively appear to have had some effect on the
hitherto widespread use and, indeed, meaning of the term.

Whereas Mrs Jeanne Kirkpatrick, the former U.S. ambassador to the United
Nations, had continued to insist that "constructive engagement" was indeed a
definitive policy of the U.S. administration towards South Africa, President
Reagan himself, both in a press conference after his meeting with Bishop
Desmond Tutu early in December and in his Human Rights Day address the same
month, chose rather to use the expression "quiet diplomacy" when referring to
his administration's overall approach towards Pretoria.

In his almost apologetic attempt (i.e., to South Africa) some days later to
explain what the President really meant and what he (Crocker), but not neces~
sarily the rest of the administration, means by."constructive engagement," Dr
Crocker. only served to confuse his audience even further.

Having. likewise abandoned, albiet temporarily, the term "constructive engage-
ment" for that of "quiet diplomacy," Dr Crocker then explained that this new
term did not in fact refer to a foreign policy as such nor did it refer to a
strategy. -"Quiet diplomacy," he said, "is a means towards an end; it is a
tactic."

Waving thus "clarified" the position, Dr Crocker then sought to perform an
immediate about-face and, taking a slightly broader view of the whole, recon-
firmed that "constructive engagement" is after all "a policy aimed at support-
ing the peace process in the entire southern African region," and also "en-
couraging the process of change domestically in South Africa."

Perhaps the final word on the issue was that attributed to an understandably
unidentified "senior administration official" who, sensing the unmistakably
heavy fusion in the air, sought to bring all the different tangents together
by blandly describing the concept of "quiet diplomacy" as being a "policy
tactic."

. 85



JPRS-SSA~85~049
18 June 1985

NIGERIA

BRIEFS

DECLINE IN OIL DRILLING--Oil drilling activities in the country declined con-
secutively in the first quarters of this year. According to the anticipation
of the NIGERIAN PETROLEUM NEWS, 16 oil wells were drilled in January, 13 in
February, while 8 wells were drilled last month. [Text] [Lagos Domestic
Service in English 1800 GMT 9 May 85 AB]

1984 PETROLEUM PROFIT TAX--Lagos, 9 May (OPECNA/PANA)--Nigeria collected $5.95
billion as petroleum profit tax in 1984 out of a total revenue of $6.94 billion,
David Olorunleke, director of the Federal Inland Revenue Department, said in
Lagos. In 1983, the country's petroleum profit tax had amounted to $4.59
billion out of a total revenue of $6.08 billion, he added. Under the 1985
national budget, the present administration is working towards reducing Niger—
ia's dependence on oil revenue so as to reduce its current contribution of
about 90 percent. [Text] [Dakar PANA in English 1750 GMT 9 May 85 AB]

NEED FOR TECHNOLOGY STRESSED--THE DAILY TIMES harps on the need for Nigeria
to start building her military and industrial technology. It remarks that
with the country's leading role in Africa, it needs not wait to be told by
the Western nations before realizing the fact that technology. cannot be volun-
tarily transferred. The paper points out that the so-called developed
countries are resolved to hold and jealously guard their technology secrets
from developing nations. This, the TIMES says, expalins the stone-walling
attitude of Western multi-national corporations to the vital issues of tech-
nology transfer. The paper therefore urges the federal government to urgently
bring together our leading scientists from all over the world to begin the
noble cause of a realistic technology transfer. [From the press review]
[Text] [Lagos International Service in English 0830 GMT 9 May 85 AB]

GHANAIAN BUSINESSMEN PROFIT--Lagos, 9 May (NAN)--Some Ghanaian businessmen in
Lagos now make brisk business by hiring 15-ton trailers at 6,000 naira each
for transporting fellow countrymen, who had been staying in Nigeria illegally,
to Accra at N30 per head. An investigation conducted by the NEWS AGENCY OF
NIGERIA (NAN) at an Ijora bus stop in Lagos, shows that apart from the fixed
fare, passengers were charged extra fees, depending on the size of their
luggage. One of the businessmen, who gave his name simply as Kofi, and who
hired three trailers and was seen collecting fares from passengers, told NAN
that two of the trailers had left before our correspondent called there. At
another bus stop in Ijora, NAN was told that four trailer loads of Ghanaians

40



JPRS-SSA- 85-049

“18 June 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

ANGOLA

U. S., International Reaction to RSA Troops Noted
(Luanda Domestic Service, 25 May 85)ssescsecsccssccecccces

BBC Reports on Captured, Dead RSA Soldiers
(BBC, 25 May 85)sccccccccccccccccccccccsccncceccssccereses

IMPORTANG Director General Reports on 1984 Activities
(Lourenco Neto Interview; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 12 Apr 85)....

ANGOP Comments on Dos Santos Message of Hope
(Luanda Domestic Service, 20 May B5)secvcccceveevcceeveces

Businessman Criticizes Portuguese Policies
(Luanda Domestic Service, May 85)..eceseeeee

- Difficulties in Pasta Industry Discussed
(ZORNAL. DE ANGOLA, 13: Apr 85). %.ecccecccccccccccceseceees

Briefs
: Delegation Seeks Oil Project Backing

45 UNITA Members Killed

Heavy Blows Dealt to UNITA

Youths Escape MPLA Massacre

11 'Counterrevolutionaries' Killed

BOTSWANA

Briefs
Swedish Aid

-ae-

1

13

14

15
15
15
16
16

17


JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY ON TUTU'S ATTEMPT TO RECONCILE BLACK GROUPS

Need to Contain Violence
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 9 May 85 p 10
[Editorial: "Black Danger'']

[Text] One might infer from Bishop Desmond Tutu's statements that the goal
of lis. attempts at reconciliation is in fact to bring about a united black
front against whites and the government. Such a reconciliation will not
bring peace, nor will it promote the maintenance of law and order. For that
matter, it is doubtful whether it will even ward off riots and unrest.

If this is the case, his conspicuous lack of influence need not be bemoaned
too much. But this does not mean that the violent clashes between black
factions are acceptable.

The riots began as demonstrations and rebellion against the authorities, and
targeted blacks working within the system as well. Subsequently the inevitable
happened, as blacks began massacring one another in a cycle of retribution that
has now developed into a violent feud between AZAPO [Azanian People's Organi-
zation] and the UDF [United Democratic Front]-ANC camp.

However, this violence could spill over into white areas, something that is
right up the ANC's alley, as evidenced by its own sabotage and bombing attacks.
And if this happens, then the flame is by the powder keg. It could cause a
bloodbath between black and white that could destroy the attempt at reform.
Then there would be revolution.

We have confidence in our security forces in their efforts to prevent something
like this at all costs. But this is only a containment operation. Political
and community leaders--including Bishop Tutu--are vested with the responsibi-
lity for defusing explosive situations in our midst through more enduring
initiatives.

63



the best of ourselves will we be

able to create the material be- |

nefits necessary to sustain a
Prosperous society.”

Calling for honest and con-
structive views from the semi-
nar participants, Mrs René said
that it was only through com-

munication that they would be _

able to reach other. _

She pointed out that often a:
breakdown of relationships be-
tween parents and their:
children was caused by a lack of :
communication and a subse-,
quent erosion of mutual re-;

~ spect. There had to be under-
standing, love and interest in
both sides,

Self-help

Talking directly to the youth,
Mrs René said; “You can
achieve a great deal through
self-help. You do not need
crutches — throw them away. |

Be proud of yourselves,
shoulder, your responsibilities:
and help to build our nation.

“Be disciplined, but above!
all be true to yourself and your |
country.”

The seminar, made up of de-|
legates from the SPPF, the:
Government, primary schools, |
the National Youth Service,

- the Polytechnic, the Pioneers,
the Law Courts, the National!
Council for’ Children and
the Rehabilitation Centre,
then spent the rest of its first
day discussing youth vis-a-vis,
health and “risk taking”, both:
in plenary and group sessions,

Today they will look at youth |
vis-a-vis responsibility and
Peace. i
THE fear some workers have |
of better trained youngsters |
and the tendency for some |
young people to seek high posts
and big salaries as early as pos- |
sible were just two of a host of
issues discussed at the Maison
du Peuple on Wednesday in the

Labour Day seminar on “The
Role and Place of Youth in the
World of Work”.

Impressed by what he de-
scribed as “the seriousness
and sincerity” of the particip-
ants’ “,PPProach to youth prob-
lems! and responsibilities at
work, Mr Francis MacGregor,
a member of the Seychelles
People’s Progressive Front
Central Committee, hoped at
the end of the seminar that its
resolutions and recommenda-
tions would be actively fol-
lowed up and not end up simply
as eloquent but ineffectual
Statements.

Closing the. one-day meet-
ing, Mr MacGregor then re-
minded the 35 delegates from
the National Youth Service
(NYS), the district youth and
the National Workers Union
(NWU), that Seychelles was
one of the foremost countries in
the world as far as caring for the
young was concerned. “We re-
ally believe in our youth as our
hope for tomorrow,” he said.

He called on young people to

appreciate what was being

done for them and to lend a
‘hhand in making Seychelles en:
even better place to live in. !

“J also ask you to be patient
with us, to try to understand us
because like you, we would

“very much like to solve" your i
problems quickly,” Mr Mac- |
Gregor said. “It will take
much time and effort to find

solutions to your problems but ,

it will be done,” he added.
Demoralised

One thing that the partici-

pants ‘felt often demoralised
young workers was the fear or
mistrust that some older

people, especially when in po- :
{sitions of authority and re- |

‘and often better: trained youths _

with new ideas.

49

This concerned young work-
ers much more than many
people realised, the seminar
felt, because youths’ seeking
work tended to put prospects at
the top of their list of priorities.

On the other hand, many
young people were impatient
and wanted to move up too «
quickly without proving their °
worth and with little respect for :

: the long years of service put in
| by those above them.
| Such attitudes often led to .
Strained relations and loss of
| respect, with older workers dis-
missing the young as being pre- |
{sumptious and the young not |
| recognising the value of experi- |
| ence and in turn labelling older |
workers as being jealous and J
- old-fashioned.

‘The seminar felt here that re- i
fresher courses were im-.
portant, especially in getting '
both young and old to “speak
‘the same language” at work so ,
that the moder training and :
new ideas of the one would | |
complement, and not come |
into conflict with, the experi- ;
ence and maturity of the other.
: ‘The seminar strongly de- |
: plored the fact that many

young workers were too con-

cerned only with themselves —

their pay and their prospects of

getting promotions or salary in-

creases — and lacked a collec-

Some ‘young people flitted «

. from. one job to another in ¢
search of bigger salaries.

There was a need for more .
cooperation at the cost of indi-
vidual competition at work, the
seminar said, and young work-
ers had to be made to under- /
stand that they were not work-
ing only for themselves, but
the society as a whole.

|



cso:

3400/263

; Ho said that in the first round of
; the rehabilitation programme, 9,695,
“heads of families have been settled
:in four provinces of the region, En-
, couraging development activities have
_ also. been registered in irrigation ag-
, Ticultural activities, he said.
:. At the meeting in Eritrea region,
‘Comrade Tefera Wonde, member of
the CC of WPE and First Secretary
, of the regional WPE committee, said |
‘in his report 191,404 quintels of
‘grain, 9,383 quintals of nutrious food
and other types of relief items were
-distributed through the regional
RRC office in line with the program.
me of the. Politsuro of the CC of
.WPE to tackle the problem of
‘drought. He elaborated on the me-
asures taken to make drougat-
‘affected compatriots self-supporting
‘citizens, : -

23



JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

ETHIOPIA

ESTABLISHMENT OF PDRE REMAINS GOAL OF WPE

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 4 May 85 pp 1, 4

[Text]

An spite of the transient problems
swith which Revolutionary Ethiopia is
(presently~ pre-occupied, its. ultimate
‘objective still remains the -establish-
‘ment’ of the People's . Democratic
Republic of Ethiopia - (PDRE). That
is why the. Workers Party of Ethio-
pia (WPE) and the Revolutionary
‘Government are currently engaged in
‘all-round efforts t6 surmount the
‘transient difficulties ‘of drought and
famine on priority basis;

The task is being carried out with

‘the judicious utilization of the avail-
was regards’ government. expenditure
‘and through the frugal livicg of the
People es a whole. These mcacures
are intended to encourage at’ the
same time, ‘the .'tangible economic
growth of. the country. Inco doing
we would ‘be able to ensure a solid.

-were wallowing under the oppression
and exploitation ‘of ihe feudo-bour-
geois system.
' The main objective of the Ethio-"
pian Revolution -has been from the
outset to uplift ‘the down-trodden
masses to # betier Jife and steer them’
‘into establishing’. Prosperous demo-
cratic society.
Accordingly, the timely’‘and prio-
rity task is to make the necessary
ideological and organisational ground-
-work to attain the objective, as has
already been - worked out by the
Party and. the Revolutionary Govern-

ment.

PAs the tenets off Marsiet-Leninit
‘principle “unambigously state, the
_working people will be able to bring
about a new, order wherein justice,
freedom, * equality and ‘ demceracy
prevail through their organisational
and. ideological stiength under the

‘basis for the establishment of = Peo- a . p of « Re
Pie's Democratic “Republic. within ary Party. .
| Whe Ethiopian Bevalaion scupted
y ent Ethiopia. in ‘the. ‘absence of. any Aegal fiarty i in

» The . founding of the Workers
Patty of Ethiopia iteelf is = major
‘step in’ this’ ¢ - The country
“ia inthe correct ‘path towards bnild-

“mg a new democratic ‘society . under

\the vanguard Marxist-Leninist Party
‘where, only ‘a decade ago the masées

19

the ‘country to lead the spontaneous
wrath ‘of the - people in’ the “correct
-path<for a “revolutionary -xcdress -of
their legitiziate grievances. Despite
‘its lack.of-a vanguard Party lecder-
chip. the -revolution continued mak-



The fact that several industrial enterprises possess their own electricity
generators increase energy consumption and the external debt of the country
whose energy bill (petroleum and petroleum products) amounts to $12 million
a year. Guinea-Bissau plans to reduce this petroleum bill and fina a long-
term solution to the country's energy problem by the construction of the
Saltinho Dam (southern part of the country) and through other works envisaged
within the framework of the Gambia River Development Organization (OMVG
which includes Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal).

The Saltinho hydroelectric dam will cost about $80 million and will produce
20,000 Mw. Feasibility studies of the project are financed by the World
Bank, France and a Portuguese company.

cso: 3400/313

31



JPRS-SSA~85-049
18 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

UDF, AZAPO LEADERS EXPLAIN DIFFERENCES
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 1 May 85 p 11

[Text] ‘The UDF [United democratic Front] and Azapo [Azanian
People's Organization]--two of the most important black orga-
nizations in the country--have been crossing swords in a num-
ber of pitched battles during the last few months. The visit
of Senator Edward Kennedy brought the differences between the
two groups more clearly to the surface. Who are the people
of UDF and Azapo, and what do they stand for? Neels Blom
paid a call on leaders of both organizations in order to as-
certain the depth of the differences.

We Want to Unite People against Apartheid--UDF

The UDF has no conflict with Azapo. As a matter of fact, Azapo has been in-
vited time and again to work with the UDF in their common struggle against
apartheid, says Mr Terror Lekota, spokesman for the UDF.

“The UDF is an umbrella-organization under which numbers of movements of ideo-
logically and politically dissimilar beliefs function. However, this does not
mean that those different organizations are subordinate to the authority of
the UDF. No, they are altogether independent and autonomous.

"The branches of the UDF are not all political organizations. Church groups,
labor movements and welfare organizations are among the groups that form the
UDF. And they are all part of the UDF by virtue of one common interest--the
struggle against apartheid.

"The structure of the UDF thus has the function of coordinating the common
struggle.

"Azapo's conflict with us is ideological, but we have no concern with their
ideology. The UDF itself has no specific ideology, but we want to unite peo-
ple in a democratic way against apartheid," says Mr Lekota.

"Azapo has clearly stipulated that no Whites are welcome within the organiza-

tion at this stage. They must work among their own people. This sort of rac-
ism cannot be tolerated by the UDF. Our struggle is precisely against racism.

55



The multiracial question has not come up yet, said ABD Kruger. The most impor-
tant yardstick for admission will, in any case, be a Reformed Church outlook on

_ life.

As far as curricula are concerned, the children will be taught at first in the
traditional way, but a system is already being looked at, whereby children will
learn to read very early and will thereafter forge ahead on an individual basis,
under a program that is worked out for each of them.

The school will probably be established in one of Pretoria's northern districts
in an already existing building.

8117
CSO: 3401/175

73



JPRS-SSA~85-049

18 June 1985

GHANA

INTERNATIONAL PEACE SEMINAR ENDS IN ACCRA
4B171843 Accra Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 17 May 85

/Text/ The International. Conference on Peace and Liberation has ended in Accra.
At the closing session today, a member of the PNDC /Provisional ‘National Defense
Council/, Mr Ebo Tawiah, noted that the acute economic problems facing Africa
have given rise to more neocolonialist manipulations. He said while African
states strive for political accord and unity, they should also integrate their
economies to enhance the achievement of a rapid continental growth in respect
of the utilization of resources, specialization and markets. Mt Ebo Tawiah
paid tribute to Ghana's first president, Dr Kwame Nkrumah, and said people

the world over acknowledge him as (the true?) expression of mankind's desire
for liberation, peace, and progress. On the confetence itself, he said the
cordial atmosphere which characterized its deliberations is an expression of
the solidarity that binds the world's progressive forces.

On his part, the president of the World Peace Council, Mr Romesh Chandra, said
it is only with the intensification of the efforts of peaceloving peoples that
the danger of nuclear war will be minimized.

Earlier, the delegates discussed and adopted a number of resolutions on the
economic problems in AFrica, the situation in southern Africa, the arms buildup,
and the threat of a nuclear war. They condemned the American Star Wars program
and the continued deployment of new nuclear missiles in Europe. The délegates
stressed that the fundamental causes of poverty, famine, drought and death are
to be found in the imperdalist domination of the economies of Africa and that
the struggle for economic independence and self-reliance is a basic component
of the liberation struggle.

There was a message of solidarity with Nicaragua. Other messages were sent to
the UN Special Committee on Decolonization and the Nonaligned Movement.

cso: 3400/316

25



wrong for anyone to imply that "we" stand on the threshold of that dream or
that "we'' are about to bridge that gap: for it is just not true.

Regardless of what officials in the United States State Department might think
or say, it is our submission that Namibia is in fact further from true freedom
and sovereign independence today than it was even prior to the emergency of
the obnoxious "constructive engagement" and that the introduction of this so-
called "policy" into the overall Namibian equation has, in reality, had the
effect of delaying any movement towards achieving the long-overdue decolon-
isation of that territory.

True, there may have been an element of peripheral movement and a great deal
of the seemingly popular and perhaps impressive "shuttle diplomacy" but the
end result of all this can only be described as negligible, if not wholly
negative, in terms of meaningful progress towards the objectives in question,

In the words of Mr Jerry Funk, an Africa specialist who served in the National
Security Council under the Carter Administration..."all that ‘constructive
engagement’ has accomplished is to give the South Africans four more years of
breathing space in Namibia."

On the broader question of regional peace and security, and the role "con-
structive engagement" has played on the promotion thereof; again, we find that
very serious and indeed justified doubts abound regarding the validity of the
“quiet diplomacy" approach advocated and implemented by the Reagan Administra-
tion since it took office four years ago.

Much has been made of the Lusaka and Nkomati agreements and both have been
hailed as "milestones" in the search for regional security and peaceful co-
existence.

Had South Africa kept, or been forced to keep to its side of the bargain, these
peace accords perhaps could have heralded a new era of stability and co-oper-
ation within the sub-region and could have also been of lasting benefit to

all,

Predictably, however, Pretoria has shown itself either unwilling or unable,
or perhaps both, to meet the commitments it so readily made to both the Angol-
ans and Mozambicans; instead, South African-sponsored subversion and aggres—
sion continue to create havoc and misery in both these countries.

In spite of the public and much publicised commitment by the South African
Government to withdraw its troops from southern Angola, it is nevertheless a
fact that parts of Angolan territory still remain under Pretoria's control.

In addition to this the UNITA bandits, as well as mercenaries, who openly
acknowledge South African support and sponsorship, continue their murderous
campaign of dissidency with complete disregard for the misery and suffering
they are inflicting upon the country and its people as a whole,

In Mozambique the e€idence of South African involvement with, and continuing
support for, the MNR bandits is so overwhelming as to be undentable at all.

n



Director+General:. Our main objective is the. complete fulfillment of. our. im-
port plan within the period established by higher authorities.: However, it
will only be done providing there is’a complete’ involvement of ‘all the
agencies.which directly or indirectly:take part'in ‘the activities of foreign
trade. Therefore, the action: of IMPORTANG does not depend only on itself’ “
but also.on the actions of other sectors with which it is: interlinked. It
is to be‘noted that the plan for the first quarter of 1985-has already been
fulfilled, which in itself is a good sign. 2

On the other hand, we still'want to improve our system in 1985) for. ‘the sur-
veillance and-control of operations. accomplished by us;. as.:well’ to“dmprove |
the organization of the company, without which all the other prospects will
come to nothing. .

ANGOP: Do you’ believe:--that the role: of : IMPORTANG: was“ positive -in.1984, that
is, did it in fact fulfill ‘that which was stipulated despite the present ex-
isting difficulties?

Director-General: It is already the consensus of all the-workers’ of the
company that 1984.was the most. positive year of this decade’ up. to now.

In fact, if we. were to go over the figures we have a little and’ if we ‘take
for example the range of food items, including the raw’ materials for ‘the
industry of the same ‘branch, which’ in honor to truth isthe most~important
branch of the company, not only -because :of ‘the purposes.:for. which” they are
used but also because of ‘the financial considerations, we canieasily arrive
at the conclusion that in-fact 1984 was positive for IMPORTANG despite the
difficulties still existing at all ‘levels in general, and* particularly at
the level of the agencies which are most directly: linked to the activity of
IMPORTANG: | those ordering, ‘the import licensing body, the banks, trans-
porters, and so forth.

Of an overall plan for’ 607,541.6 metric tons, contracts:were made. for
602,375.1 metric tons, a fulfillment of 99 percent: Of*the tonnage con-
tracted for, and in compliance with .the timetable for’ deliveries * ‘presented
by each of those ordering, nearly 535,940.4 metric tons ‘should “have ‘arrived
in the country up to December -1984, the equivalent of 89 percent of ‘the
tonnage contracted. Only 434,111.7 metric tons’ arrived, which means 81

percent.

The nearly 8-percent unfulfillment:was closély' linked: to-problems’-of :payment
and transportation of the merchandise contracted under the. FOB: method.

It is well to emphasize that the 1984 plan including the quantities scheduled
for delivery.in.the first quarter of ‘that same year: was ‘only -delivered to
IMPORTANG ‘onthe last week of March,. which ‘is’ the same’.as: saying. that: this
organization began to execute its: import plan' with a delay°of 6 months, if
we consider that ‘the provisions of the national plan instruct’ the’ importing
companies ‘to. begin making ‘their. orders’ in October of the ‘year prior to the

plan.



JPRS-SSA-85~049
18 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

MIRAGE III TRAINER CRASHES--A South African Air Force [SAAF] has crashed. The
SAAF has announced that a Mirage III training aircraft from the 85th Combat
Flying School in Pietersburg crashed about 30 km north of the town yesterday
afternoon. The pilot and instructor, Major J. P. (Vessels) was killed in the
crash, but a student aboard the plane, Captain L. du Plessis ejected safely.
He was injured but is in'a satisfactory condition in {the]. hospital. A board
of inquiry has been set up to investigate the cause of the accident. [Text]
Umtata Capital in English 0600 GMT 23 May 85 MB)

CONVENTION TO END VIOLENCE--The Prebyterian Church of Southern Africa has called
for a national convention to end the increasing violence in South Arica. Ina
statement issued in Johannesburg, the church says the major factor contributing
to the violence is, in its words, the completely unacceptable injustice under
which the black majority live. The church criticizes the action of the police,
which it says all too often appears to be uncontrolled and provoked further
violence. The statement also condemns what it calls the vicious and mindless
anarchy of mobs and cynical political activists in the townships. The Presby-
terian Church has called for political leaders to promote political consulta-
tion wherever possible and has warned that the spiral of polarization and
violence must be broken. [Text] [Umtata Capital Radio in English 1300 GMT

22 May 85 MB]

BOYCOTTS HARMING BLACK EDUCATION--The deputy minister of education and cooper-
ation, Mr Sam de Beer, says boycotts are discouraging contributions to black
education by private and other organizations. Mr de Beer said in an SABC pro~
gram on black education that they also had a negative effect on prospective
teachers. The number of failures increased, which in turn led to overcrowded
classrooms. He said he believed that boycotts jeopardized black political
progress because efficient management and administration depended on proper
education and training. Mr.de Beer said grievances at schools were often ex-
ploited to cause violence, although communications channels existed for the
solution of problems. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500
GMT 20 May 85 MB]

Th



JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

UGANDA

OFFICIALS DISCUSS ATTACK BY SUDANESE CATTLE THIEVES
EA031747 Kampala Domestic Service in English 1000 GMT 3 Apr 85

[Text] It has been revealed that cattle rustlers from the Sudan attacked
Agoro subcountry in Kitgum District between sixth and eighth of last month,
killing 11 people and burning down 24 houses. A team of senior officials
sent by the government last week to assess the damage caused by the raiders
also established that the raiders took hundreds of domestic animals. The
members of the team included the member of parliament for Kitgum North, Mr
James Obol Ochola, the brigade commander northern Brigadier (Basiler Okhello
Olara), the district commissioner Mr (Kaiga Twania), the administrative
secretary of Kitgum and the commanding officer of the 13th battalion.

Addressing the people of Agoro, Mr Obol Ochola said the raid is of great
concern to the government because it is the worst attack of its kind ina
decade in the area. He said a representation is being made to the Sudanese
authorities to work out a bilateral solution to the current problem. He

also expressed the need to work out seriously ways and means of settling

this insecurity problem by traditional means procedure and customary concepts
of justice that exist between the peoples of Agoro and neighboring community

in the Sudan.

He also called for regular administrative and traditional border meeting, the
opening of normal horizontal links between the Sudan and Uganda, with customs,
[words indistinct] and regular meetings between border authorities of the two
countries in the interest of border security. An elder in Agoro, Mr (Otim)
said the people of Agoro were [word indistinct] by the government concern
about their security and promised that they would do everything possible to
cooperate with the government to maintain peace and stability in the area.

He assured the members of the team that the people of Agoro have full confi-
dence in the government and are ready to play an active part in the rehabili-
tation of the economy of the country ruined during the rule of murder and

terror.

cso: 3400/234

80



JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

ANGOLA

BBC REPORTS ON CAPTURED, DEAD RSA SOLDIERS
MB250933 London BBC World Service in English 0635 GMT 25 May 85
{From "This Week and Africa" program]

[Text] The Angolan Government claimed this week that a team of 3 white South
African saboteurs operating in the northern enclave of Cabinda had been inter~
cepted and wiped out. They were allegedly aiming to hit the oil installations
on the Cabinda coast. For its part, the South African Government, while not
admitting that its saboteurs are operating on Angolan soil, said that it had
lost contact with a group of what it described as information gatherers. The
South African Government also said that its forces were still operating in
northern Angola, because it had been established that the area was now, as it
put it, the main base area for training members of the ANC and it has request-
ed an urgent meeting with the Angolan Government to discuss the incident.
Robin White asks (Jane Badgerol) in Luanda what evidence the Angolan author-
ities have produced of the sabotage operation.

[Begin recording] [(Badgerol)] Well, on the 2030 television news we saw two
dead white . soldiers in coffins. They were fair haired and bearded, and they
seemed to be in their early 30's and we also saw one captured white soldier
who did not speak to the camera, but he was filmed at close quarters and he
was receiving a drip. Now, these are the three SADF soldiers which the Minis-
try of Defense has referred to. They also showed the captured material that
has been seized with the team of three. There was 1 (Sincal) shortwave radio
set and 2 ultra shortwave radio sets and a walkie-talkie, 3 9-mm caliber
pistols, 3 Sterling rifles with silencers, 16 lampet mines, 2 incendiary bombs,
knapsacks, water flasks and 4 packets containing high power explosives.

{White] What were the circumstances in which the Angolan defense forces came
across them?

((Badgerol)] They were discovered in Cabinda Province at the Malongo oil com-
plex, which is an on land complex with sort of grassy and scrubby bush. And
they were discovered there as they were preparing to commit sabotage armed with
these various explosives and limpet mines.

[White] So, what about the South African claim that they were just on an in-
telligence-gathering exercise?



JPRS~SSA-85~049
18 June 1985

TANZANIA

"RADICAL OVERHAUL' OF ECONOMY REPORTED
HK240618 Hong Kong AFP in English 0202 GMT 24 May 85
/Article by Michael Anders/

/Text/ A radical overhaul of the Tanzanian economy is now proceeding apace,
judging from a series of recent official decisions, as the country's leaders
seek to get to grips with the chronic problems which have characterized its
performance in recent years.

In the last month or so, the government of President Julius Nyerere has announced
the redundancy of 27,000 civil servants, the denationalization of the country's
formerly colonial sisal estates, and the lifting of a ban on housebuilding for

rent.

Parastatal bodies deemed inefficient are being drastically pruned or entirely
wound up, while subsidies had already come off basic foodstuffs and the prices
of fuel and public services have been increased by as much as 50 percent in
recent months.

These measures, whose trend is expected to continue in the months ahead, come
as the government, despite growing pressures over the last 5 years, has still
not reached agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for an economic

package deal.

Yet, observers note, the latest measures, and others such as encouragement of
the private sector and a further devaluation expected in next month's budget,
go a long way to meeting the usual conditions posed by the IMF in exchange for
its standby credits.

An acute shortage of foreign exchange due to a persistent balance of payments
deficit, which has crippled the country's industry by starving it of essential
inputs, means that a massive injection of foreign capital is needed if the
economy is to be refloated, economic experts agree.

The total amount required, on the government's estimates, is at least 350 million
dollars a year over 3 years. But international financial aid experts believe
nothing like such an amount could be raised without a clear agreement with the

IMF.

78



Whereas these efforts are undoubtedly well-intentioned what, if one may ask,
has changed when news reports emanating from South Africa continue, even to-
day, to detail unlawful adn unwarranted cases of detention, torture, execution
and banning; the forced removal of thousands of blacks from their homes; and
the refusal to grant urban residency rights to black South Africans?

The events which took place in Uitenhage in South Africa on bhe very anniver-
sary of the 1960 Sharpeville murders, provide a tragically graphic illus-
tration of the very lack of progress achieved through "constructive engage-
ment."

The U.S, Administration also boasts of the "concrete, tangible support" it
provides to "the groups, institutions and processes which are essential to
change in South Africa," and of the series of programmes it has devised to
assist the victims of apartheid.

This assistance may indeed be very generous and quite welcome, but surely the
treatment of an illness after it has caused injury is not the same, nor can it
be as effective, as preventing that illness in the first place.

Surely the expectation would be that more such effort be directed towards
halting the ever-increasing flow of such victims rather than helping them
after they have already become victims.

Confronted with all these and indeed many more glaring indications of a pre-
gressive detetioration in the South African situation, we must surely ask
ourselves where the evidence is of the so-called progress towards a more favour-
able climate for change.

The sad truth of the matter is that apartheid continues to thrive and that no
matter what the boffins in Washington and Pretoria May say the tactic of "quiet
diplomacy" has, in the end, served only to give the boers more time to further
consolidate their evil system of apartheid and all that it represents.

It would be more honorable and honest too, on the part of those who insist on
noting progress where there is clearly none whatsoever, to admit that they
ha¥e failed in their efforts

[Second part of article by Zimbabwe Foreign Minister Witness Mangwende: "A
Detailed analysis of Constructive Engagement"; passage in slantlines in bold-
face]

[Text] //Below is the concluding article in a two-part analysis by Dr Witness
Mangwende, minister of foreign affairs, of the controversial American policy
of "constructive engagement" towards apartheid-ruled South Africa and its im-
plications for the Southern African region.//

Regarding the situation in Namibia; on 26 September, 1984 Dr Crocker told the

United States Foreign Relations Sub-Committee on Africa that "we are closer to
the threshold of Namibian independence than ever before."

89



“We prefer to call it the 'Kliptown Manifesto.'. Freedom is not guaranteed un-
der the terms of that document."

He denies the connection between the former struggle between the Pan African
Congress (PAC) and the ANC and the present difference between the UDF and Azapo.
He also denies any relationships between foreign organizations and Azapo. "We
are independent," he says. :

To a question about how peaceful change can be brought about in the country,
Mr Mkhabela replied that he does not believe that this is possible. He says
that military actions are part of the process of liberation.

“The emancipation of Azania rests with the workers, and in this country the
workers are black. For ‘this reason, Azapo cannot accept white members at this
time.

"The black man must first win back his self-respect. He must surmount his prob~
lems himself. It is on this level Azapo works. We have influence and support
everywhere in the urban areas and even in the remotest corners of the country-
side.

: “At this moment, we are organizing trade unions and affiliating them with Azapo.
Thus they get the opportunity to discuss politics through the National Forum."

Concerning the violent clashes between Azapo and UDF members, Mr Mkhabela says
that the UDF people were the agressors.

8117 —
cso: 3401/175

57



JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

U.S. COMMENT ON SENATOR'S NAMIBIA SPEECH NOTED
MB180744 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 18 May 85

[Text] A report from Washington quotes a State Department official as saying
that a U.S. state senator's description of a.controversial American compromise
proposal for South-West Africa/Namibia is incorrect. The official, who asked
not to be identified, said the account this week by Senator Steve Symms, a
conservative Idaho Republican, was inaccurate. Beyond that, we are not saying
anything, the official said.

Mr Symms had said that the State Department, in its first attempt at directly
brokering an agreement between South Africa and Angola, had made a proposal on
independence for South-West Africa/Namibia, under which 15,000 Cuban troops
would remain in neighboring Angola.

In the past, South Africa and the United States have insisted that the estimat-
ed 25,000 Cuban troops in Angola should be withdrawn before South-West Africa/
Namibia is granted independence. Mr Symms also said the compromise plan
ealied: for the implementation of UN- Resolution 435 ,--which-he-and-other-con-
servatives have said would give an upper hand to SWAPO, which has ties with
the Soviet Union.

In a senate speech. on Tuesday, Mr Symms called the plan an outright sellout
of the forces who are on our side in Africa.

In Cape Town, a visiting U.S. conservative, Mr Howard Phillips, has said
South Africa is outraged by a secret U.S. plan for the independence of South-
West Africa/Namibia. He mentioned a similar plan to that quoted by Mr Symms.
Mr Phillips, who is an anticommunist lobbyist, said he had met the South
African deputy foreign minister, Mr Louis Nel, this week, and was encouraged
that South Africa still insisted on a total Cuban withdrawal.

CsO: 3400/287

53



JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

ANGOLA

BRIEFS

DELEGATION SEEKS OIL PROJECT BACKING~-An Angolan delegation led by Herminio
Escorcio, Angolan National Fuel Company [SONANGOL] director, is in London to
present a development project for phase 4 of the Gakula oil field in Cabinda
Province to European banking institutions. The Angolan delegation, which .
seeks financing for the project by the institutions with which it has been
maintaining contacts, leaves the British capital today for New York, also
with the aim of seeking financing from American banks. SONANGOL, according to
ANGOP, plays an important role along with Cabinda Gulf Oil in the exploration,
development, and production of oil in Cabinda Province. [Text] [Luanda
Domestic Service in Portuguese 0500 GMT May 85 MB/

45 UNITA MEMBERS KILLED--A total of 45 UNITA counterrevolutionaries were an~-
nihilated in operations mounted by the national defense and security forces
between 3 and 7 May. The FAPLA operations, which were carried out in
(2Camucuio), Huila Province, also resulted in the destruction of 5 bases
belonging to the UNITA puppet group and recovery of 275 head of cattle. Also
seized was a quantity of war materiel. [Text] [Luanda Domestic Service in
Portuguese 0500 GMT 25 May 85 MB) .

HEAVY BLOWS DEALT TO UNITA-~Angolan defense and security forces are continu-
ing to deal heavy blows to the UNITA armed gangs. In Moxico Province 95
bandits were put out of action. Our regional station is on the line with
further detaila. [Unidentified reporter] Continuing their fight for the
total annihilation of the notorious UNITA puppet gangs, FAPLA forces put 95
UNITA bandits out of action in major operations carried out from 1 to 20 May
in Mucussueje and Cafungo in Luacano municipality and in Luculo in Leua muni-
cipality. FAPLA also took 2 prisoners and seized 16 AKMs, 9 G-3's, 3,583
rounds of various ammunition, 3 AC-3 mines, 3 AP mines, 9 hand grenades, 5
60-mm mortar shells, 127 rifle magazines, and 4 RPG-7 shells. From Luena,
this is the Moxico regional station of National Radio of Angola. [text]
[Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1200 GMT 26 May 85 MB]

15



DIVERSIFICATION OF TECHNICAL AID SOUGHT

Victoria NATION in English 22 Apr 85 p 1

[Text]

SEYCHELLES’ efforts to ob-

tain technical assistance from a ;
broader range of countries un-

til it can satisfy its own man- .
power needs look to be suc-

ceeding after Mrs Simone |
Testa, the Principal Secretary ©
in the President’s Office, re- |
turned home yesterday from |
what she described as “very |
fruitful” visits to Rumania, |
Yugoslavia and the United’
Kingdom. |

In thé two East European |
‘socialist states of Rumania and !
: Yugoslavia, Mrs - Testa -.es- ;
“tablished contacts with govern- |
ment officials dealing with:
' technical assistance, discussed |
the possibilities of such aid to :
the Seychelles Government '
and local parastatal companies, |
and studied the two states’ civil
service. and administrative’
structures and manpower de-
velopment programmes.

cso: 3400/257

Very understanding

Speaking at Seychelles Inter-
national Airport soon after her
arrival yesterday morning, Mrs
- Testa said that during her six ,
days of talks in Rumania and ©
seven days in Yugoslavia, she '
found the officials she met with
to be very understanding of
Seychelles’ problems in qua-
lified and professional man-
power and very willing to help.

Mrs Testa was particularly
.-impressed _. by_ asophisticated

‘gynaecological clinic she visited

in Ljubljana, the capital of the
republic. of Slovenia in
Yugoslavia which is sending a !
gynaecologist to work in Vic-
toria Hospital in June.
Mrs Testa ended her Euro-
‘pean trip with a week of similar
talks in London where, among ;
other business, she reviewed
technical assistance to Seychel-
les from the Commonwealth
Secretariat and signed an

44

JPRS-SSA-85-049

18 June 1985

SEYCHELLES

agreement to allow the BBC to
broadcast programmes to East
Africa via transmitters to be set
up on Mahé.

Summing up, Mrs Testa said,
“My visit was very fruitful,

* especially considering that we
‘have now successfully es- .

tablished good working con-
tacts with two more countries ,
which are prepared, and also as
well qualified “as any in the-
West, to help us with whatever ;
technical assistance we may
need.” i
Mrs Testa said that because !
of — Seychelles’ _ pre-inde-
pendence ties, the country |
had tended to tirn to Britain ;

. and France for technical assist- |

ance, the more so because local '
administrative officials lacked
Proper contacts with the right
people in other countries. :
“Now, for example, we know
who to go to.in Rumania or
Yugoslavia and how to go ab-
out requesting technical coop-

. eration there,” she explained.



IYY YOUTH SEMINAR HELD AT ANSE ROYAL

Victoria NATION in English 3 May 85 pp 1, 2

[Text]

ANOTHER CALL for Seychellois
youth to play a more effective role in
the development of their country was
made at the International Youth Year
(YY) Seminar at Anse Royale yester-
day when Seychelles’ top youth offi-
cial, Mr Ralph Adam, encouraged

young people to partici-
pate more positively in the
struggle to create a New
Society.

Addressing about 200 dele- :

gates and guests at the opening

ceremony in the polytechnic .
auditorium, Mr Adam, the -
Seychelles Peopie’s Progres- :
sive Front Secretary for Youth *

and’ Sports, Chairman of the
SPPF Youth League and Prin-

cipal Secretary responsible for
youth, stressed that there ©

could be no development with-
out the participation of the
people, including those who
were young.

Noting that development ;
and participation formed part
of the TYY theme of “Partici-
pation, Development and
Peace”, Mr Adam said, “ “Every |
one of us, and especially you *
the youth, must be conscious of
our'role and responsibilities in
the development of the
country.”

His words echoed those of

the SPPF Secretary for Social!
Affairs and Minister of Labour
and Social Security, Mr Joseph ;
Belmont, at Wednesday's
opening of a Labour Day sémi- |
nar. Held at the Maison du |
Peuple, this was organised by |
the National Worker’s Uniort
(NWU) to look at youth and |
employment in keeping with |
the [YY spirit.

Turning to the subject off
peace, Mr Adam said, “Of
course we want peace in the '
world and in the Indian Ocean, |
but we also want peace in our |
‘own country, at home, at work |
and in our hearts.” H

Mrs Martha René, the:
Chairperson of the National |
Coordinating Committee | |
which organised the three-day -
seminar to highlight TYY ac- |
tivities in Seychelles, exp-|
lained, “This year, the young :
Seychellois must realise the im-'
portance of their participation
in national development for the
life and evolution of their soci-

48

JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

SEYCHELLES

ety and also the valuable con-
tribution they can make to the
future of Seychelles and'to the |
safeguarding of peace.”

The country’s future

Recalling President Albert |
René’s words in a 1980 speech, ;
the TYY Committee chair-'
person. quoted: “In the eyes
our children today, a light of;
hope that did not exist three |
years ago burns brightly. On! i
that hope we will build our fu- |
ture and no-one will cause us to ;
stumble.” . |

The young, Mrs René con-|
tinued, were the country’s fu-
ture, hence the commitment of;
the government to their!
welfare and development. i

“A nationis built by the posi- |
ive will and contribution of its |
‘ people,” Mrs René said. “Our |
country is a young one and oir | |

‘future is bright and pros- |
i

perous.””

The young people of Sey- :
chelles, Mrs René continued, ;
had so much to look forward |
to. Many of the older people in ‘
the audience, she pointed out, |
never had even a fraction of the |

nities given to the |
youth of today.

Quoting the President again,
Mrs René said, “Only by giving


JPRS-SSA-~85~049
18 June 1985

TANZANIA

ZANZIBAR ANNOUNCES CHANGES IN EXPORT REGULATIONS
EA232131 Zanzibar Domestic Service in Swahili 1600 GMT 23 May 85

/Text/ The country's president, Ndugu 'Ali Hassan Mwinyi, has announced further
measures to consolidate the economy by which private businessmen will now be
allowed to export various commodities which the government does not export.
Ndugu Mwinyi said the measure is aimed at boosting the nation's foreign
reserves. Businessmen will be allowed to use half of the foreign currency

they earned from their exports to buy commodities and import them’ into the
country. Items covered are: red pepper, black pepper, ginger, curry powder,
fruit and sea products, which the government does not export.

However, Ndugu Mwinyi called on the businessmen to export their commodities
through acceptable channels so that the government's objectives of dealing with
the bad economic situation are achieved. The chairman of the Revolutionary
Council. stressed that the government is ready to cooperate with noncitizens

in order to start'joint ventures, such as commercial fishing, hotel industry,
and tourism indus :ry and other things that would contribute to the economy of
the nation. —

Speaking on the reduction of prices, Ndugu Mwinyi‘urged businessmen to set their
price structures in their own intereest and in the interest of the citizens.

He said, however, that the government will continue to import necessities such
as rice and flour.. The chairman of the Revolutionary Council has called on
party and government leaders to have security programs in their branches.

He cautioned citizens against increasing acts of theft, but added that security
and defense would continue to seek out the culprits.

csO: 3400/318

77



gave their support to the organization of the expositon so that the re-
appearance of FILDA would’be a certainty and a success. ‘As for the ‘question
that the comrades would like to learn of something specific done by
IMPORTANG during the fair, we think they refer to the signing of some con-
tract and we inform them that IMPORTANG signed some contracts with companies
of the Socialist Bloc, specifically the USSR, Cuba and the GDR for products
such as soap, sugar, bedding, toys and some other consumer. goods for
supplying the population, which in passing we have been importing almost
habitually from those countries.

8908
CSO: 3442/286

10



JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

SEYCHELLES

BRIEFS

ALGERIAN COOPERATION ACCORD=-The economic, scientific, technical and cultural
cooperation accord signed on 14 May 1984 in Algiers was ratified here yester-
day. [Excerpt] [Victoria NATION in French 17 May 85 pp 1, 2]

CSO: 3400/257

52



De St Jorre's European Tour Reported

(NATION, 15 May 85)..sceeeee 51
Briefs
Algerian Cooperation Accord 52
SOUTH AFRICA
U.S. Comment on Senator's Namibia Speech Noted
(Johannesburg International Service, 18 May 85)..secccccece 53

U.S. Disinvestment Campaign Criticized
(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 21 May 85)esccsccccesceves 54

UDF, AZAPO Leaders Explain Differences

(DIE VADERLAND, 1 May 85)..cccceccccvscscccccses 55

Black Leaders Fear Gradual Reformation
(DIE VADERLAND, 1 May 85).ccsccsccccccccnccccccsccsccccees 58

Greater Black Role in Curbing Unrest Advocated
(Dawle; BEELD, 8 May 85).cccccccecccccsccccccceccccsececes 60

Commentary on Tutu's Attempt To Reconcile Black Groups
(DIE VADERLAND, 7, 9 May 85)..ccccccecccescccscccesceesces 63

Need Top Contain Violence 63
Roots of Black Infighting, Dirk Kotze Interview 64

Zulu Paper Says Reforms Meaningless for Blacks
(Editorial; ILANGA, 13-14 May 85).cccccscsssccccccceccsee 67

Paper Says Loud Anti-RSA Protests Self-Defeating
(Editorial; SUNDAY TIMES, 19 May 85).....scscocccccccceece 68

Status of Chemical Industry Examined
(FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT,

18 Apr 85)ecccccccccscevcccccccscccccccccccenssccscssceens 70

Private Education Expanding, Encouraged
(DIE BURGER, 8 May 85).ssscccccccccccccccvvccccessccccsese 72

Briefs
Mirage III Trainer Crashes 74
Convention To End Violence 74
Boycotts Harming Black Education 74
AWB Thanks Police 75

-d-



Africa, then they are going about it the wrong way. There is an inverse ratio
between the loudness of the protest and its effectiveness. Indeed, as the
demos grow, and grow more idiotic, there is a disquieting tendency in this
country to turn its back and tune out.

When that happens the protests will become totally counter-productive as the
message the world is trying to give Pretoria is lost in the static.

CSO: 3400/283

69



JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

REGIONAL WPE COMMITTEES--The WPE Committees of Hararghe Bale, Gamo Goffa and
Sidamo regions held yesterday their second regular meetings during which they
assessed accomplishments since the founding of the Workers Party of Ethiopia
(WPE) and they approved the programme of action for the next six months.

In the meetings held at Harar, Goba, Arba Minch and Awassa, the WPE committees
held extensive discussions on the progress reports of WPE activities and the
work of the control committees since the first regular conferences of the re-
spective regions. After democratic discussions the reports on the programme
of action for the next six months were adopted. Resolutions were adopted at
the end of the meetings on accelerating construction of the new order and on
intensifying the on-going struggle. Similar WPE Committee meetings will. be
held consecutively in other regions. The reports on political, economic,
social and cultural activities were presented to the meetings which approved
the reports after lengthy discussions. The reports also dealt with the WPE
activities in the respective regions in tackling the drought problem and pro-
viding succour to the compatriot affected by the recurrent drought. [Text]
[Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 4 May 85 p 1]

CSO: 3400/263

24



JPRS-SSA-85~049
18 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ZULU PAPER SAYS REFORMS MEANINGLESS FOR BLACKS
MB211105 Durban ILANGA in Zulu 13-14 May 85 p 4
[Editorial in English: "Back to the Drawing Boards"]

[Text] The government is in real trouble if the reforms it is introducing
are not perceived as such by the very people it is intended to impress and
whose hearts are to be won. The. scrapping of the Mixed Marriages Act with
section "16 of the Immorality Act and the provincial councils are just two of
the important decisions taken by Mr P. W. Botha's beleaguered government late-
ly. Both have been received with a resounding lack of enthusiasm by at least
the blacks. And, let's face it, it is the blacks who matter most in the
current push for change and a new order.

The lifting of bars that previously made. it a punishable offence for couples
to love across the colour line has been dismissed by most as ‘of "utterly no
consequence" to the black struggle for emancipation. It has been pointed out
that it was never a priority concern in the first place, although in principle
it was a repugnant and reprehensible as any of the 1,001 apartheid laws.

Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi, chief minister of Kwazulu and president of Inkatha,
has already slammed the scrapping of the provincial councils as "another far-
reaching, dictatorial grab. of decision-making powers by central government."
He points out quite pertinently, we think, that the move was taken without
blacks being consulted. Chief Buthelezi's views on the future of our country
cannot be ignored. The government has virtually admitted as much by agreeing
to give its serious attention to the Buthelezi Commission report.

With a track record that is none too good, we.can only urge the government,
as we have done on so many other instances,..to go back to the drawing boards.

But this time they must in a practical and clearly visible way ensure the full
and meaningful participation of all the people of South Africa.

cso: 3400/283

67



JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

GREATER BLACK ROLE IN CURBING UNREST ADVOCATED

Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 8 May 85 p 12
[Article by Dawie: "aren't the Police Blamed Too Often?"

[Text] In a private conversation in which the security situation was discussed,
including rather critical references to certain police activities, a well-
known politician put forth an idea the other day to which South Africans should

give some thought.

"aren't the Police blamed too often," the politician wondered, "for situations
for which political solutions should have been found?"

There is a great deal of truth in these words.

Hopeful

It is of course a fact that if law and order are not maintained in South Africa
and anarchy should ensue, there will at any rate be no question of peaceful
political solutions.

However, the way in which the law is enforced and order is maintained can help
create a climate in which movement can be made towards lasting solutions.

This is why the successful security operations in those black residential areas
in the Eastern Cape afflicted with unrest last weekend represented such a hope-
ful development.

First Line

It demonstrated not only that many blacks desire peace and quiet, but also that
the preservers of Law and order are not treated with as much suspicion as is
often alleged, especially by radical jeftist circles with their own precarious
motives. .

The fact that the Defense Force acted in a supporting capacity in these secu-
rity operations apparently did not have the bad consequences that were feared
in some circles.

60



UPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

SWEDISH AID--The Swedish Government will grant Botswana about 10 millipn pula
for educational projects. An agreement to this effect was signed today by
the vice président, minister of finance and development planning, Mr Peter
Mmusi, and the Swedish ambassador, Mr Engstrom. It says that the money will |
be used within the portfolios of the Ministries of Education, Local Govern-
ment and Lands, and Home Affairs. [Excerpt] [Gaborone Domestic Service in
English 1110 GMT 23 May 85 MB]

cso: 3400/298

17



JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

MANGWENDE SAYS OAU HAS WITHSTOOD TEST OF TIME
MB260653 Harare Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 26 May 85

{Text] The minister of foreign affairs, Comrade Witness Mangwende, says the
OAU has withstood the test of time and has overcome many crises on the politi-
cal and economic fronts.

In a speech read on his behalf in Harare to celebrate Africa Day yesterday,
Comrade Hangwende said the organization has now matured and (?is poised) to
overcome any challenge.

Ne said the OAU has been dedicated to the promotion of unity among independent
African states, the consolidation of their hard-won independence, and the strug~
gle for the total liberation of the continent.

Comrade Mangwende said the OAU has achieved the greater part of its mission to
liberate the continent, with the help of progressive nations. He said there
remain only a few pockets of colonialism, mainly in South Africa and Namibia,
adding that it is a matter of time before these countries become independent.

Africa Day commemorates the founding of the OAU. Comrade Mangwende also said
it is a day to reflect on what remains to be done in the fulfillment of the
novel goals proclaimed by the founding fathers in 1963.

cso: 3400/313

34



JPRS-SSA-~85-049
18 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

U.S. DISINVESTMENT CAMPAIGN CRITICIZED
MB211547 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1500 GMT 21 May 85

[Text] The American disinvestment campaign against South Africa was discussed
on a number of political and academic levels in Southern Africa today.

In Cape Town the campaign featured in talks between the ministers of finance
of Swaziland and South Africa. Mr B. S. Dlamini and Mr Barend du Plessis
expressed concern over the detrimental effects that the withdrawal of foreign
investments and other economic punitive measures could have on the development
of Southern Africa.

The director of the Institute for American Studies at the Rand Afridaans
University, Professor Carl Noffke has made a sharp attack on the American

disinvestment lobby.

Addressing the Maria Van Riebeeck Club in Johannesburg, he said that by
focusing attention on racial discrimination in South Africa, the United States
had highlighted racial discrimination in its own country. He said that the
United States had been presumptuous enough to prescribe a code of conduct for
South Africa while it practiced racism on home soil.

In Durban the director of the center for applied social sciences at the
University of Natal, Professor Lawrence Schlemmer, said that the disinvest-
ment campaign was not harming South Africa at this stage, put that it had
focused attention on the need for reform in the country.

Addressing a symposium on unemployment, Prof Schlemmer said that the goals
of the disinvestment campaign were being oversimplified in the United States.
He said that the people promoting the campaign were demanding far more than
could be reasonably envisaged in terms of political reform.

cso: 3400/283

5A



cso:

ing fast headways unabated by the
frantic resistance and machinations .

of internal remnants of feudalism |
‘and divisive narrow ‘nationalists as

well as external enemies of the coun-
try and reactionary forces of the
surrounding are a who were supported
and instigated by {nternationa] im:
ree

seca Mtegity of tor onan country
| the consolidation of the ‘gains of the
“gevolution with the. triumphal for-

mation of the Workers Party. |

‘As ths -zevolution continues to
make . steady headway: towards its
main objective, the Party and the

fre once

rehabilitation centres for famine and
drought vietims are being tackled:
on priority: bases. These are part of
‘the ultimate objective of establishing
the: People's Democratic Republic of

3400/263

20

Ethiopia while at the same time
‘coping with the day-to-day problems
country through au:terity measures
‘together with the support of our
internationelist friends and the soli-
darity of progressive forces, These
timely tasks to be undertaken as. we
advance towards ‘the establishment
of the’ People's Democratic Republic
of Ethiopia have been already clear.
‘Ty specified in the 10-year Perspec-
tive Plan, the action programme of’
the Politburo and the recent resolu-
Boa of the Second Plenum of the CC
of WPE.

Workers throughout ‘the ‘country
have. once again made their readi-
:mess known to implement . these
_measures and contribute their . share
towards : the . establishment of the
PDRE at the May Day ‘réllieg Held in
Addis, Ababa and elsewhere. This was
"in Hine with the series of resilutions

plementation of the measures intend-
ed not only to save the lives of com-
; Patriots affected by drougit but also
, to rehebilitate and ‘turn them into
Productive citizens that, would in
tara help tovarde eiteblishing a’ pro-
sperous People's Democratic Repub-
lic of Ethiopia. toa



--To obtain an internationally accepted settlement in Namibia on the basis of
United Nations Security Council Resolution 435;

~-To reduce gross-border violence in both direction between South Africa and
its neighbours; and

~-To encourage a regional climate of detente and the withdrawal of foreign
forces,

In broad terms, these policy goals correspond more or less with those of the
vast majority of the international community which sees the southern African
situation as comprising of three basic but inter-related issues:

(A) The question of apartheid itself and the continuing brutal repression of
the black majority by a white minority within South Africa itself;

(8) The question of Namibia and the continued illegal occupation of that ter-
ritory by South African troops; and

(C) ‘he question of South African aggression against all of its neighbours
and Pretoria's overall policy of regional blackmail and destabilisation through
the indiscriminate, but coldly calculated, use of its military and economic
strengths:

If there is a common denominator or theme running throughout the entire South
African perspective it is, of course, the spectre of apartheid, the very exis-
tence of which serves to promote regional tension, instability and insecurity,

In order, therefore to address oneself to the issues of southern Africa with
any real intention of success, one must, of necessity, concentrate on this
central theme, that is to say, on the evil of apartheid itself. To fashion
one's policy priorities in a manner which skirts around or seeks to avoid
this issue altogether is, in reality, to court disastrous failure and to pro-
mote the continuation of suffering and misery in the sub-region as a whole.

Having thus established what in essence constitutes U.S. policy towards South
Africa specifically, and towards southern Africa in general, we should come to
the actual concept of "constructive engagement" or "quiet diplomacy." What
role does it play or what is it supposed to achieve within the context of the
overall policy?

Mrs Kirkpatrick, referring obviously to "constructive engagement" in terms of
South Africa alone has doggedly maintained that the U.S. adopted it as a
"policy" in order to try to settle the question of South Africa itself by en-
couraging constitutional evolution.

Another U.S. Government source says that "constructive engagement" seeks to
support all those who are making a commitment to peaceful change away from
apartheid.

Meanwhile, Dr Crocker, momentarily forgetting his assertion that "constructive
engagement” is not a foreign policy, says adamantly that it is not a policy

87



left Lagos in the morning. Those who were seen departing by a NAN correspondent
were chanting songs puntuated with "dabo," which is Yoruba vernacular means
"good bye." Those who could afford more comfortable means of transportation
like buses were charged N55 per head and asked to pay extra for their luggage.
[Text] [Lagos NAN in English 1650 GMT 9 May 85 AB]

ALTERNATIVE TO IMF LOAN--Commenting on the IMF loan, the BUSINESS CONCORD
stresses the need for the federal government to take a decision on it. The
paper feels that it is time for the authorities to stop further speculation
on the issue by ending the negotiations because of its rigid conditions. The
BUSINESS CONCORD reiterates its earlier opposition to the IMF loan package,
which conditions, it says transfer the control of the economy to foreign
experts. It clearly states that no Third World beneficiary of the loan has
ever emerged from its economic woes. As an alternative to the loan, the paper
says that the government should try to significantly improve its management
effectively. Equally necessary, says the paper, is for the government to set
up a counter trade committee to monitor the deals over this track. In the
candid opinion of the BUSINESS CONCORD, counter trade will offer alternative
sources of imports, if properly managed. [From the press review] [Text]
[Lagos International Service in English 0830 GMT 17 May 85]

PAPER CRITICIZES REPATRIATION HANDLING--The NATIONAL CONCORD expresses dis-
satisfaction over the official handling of the recent massive exit of illegal
aliens. The paper feels that government's poor implementation of the quit
order has created more problems. It identifies some of the lapses as the de-
lay in opening the borders and government's refusal to extend its deadline
for the illegal aliens to leave the country. The CONCORD also criticizes the
inability of the security agents to forestall the aliens' rampage at the
Murtala Muhammad airport. The paper believes that the incident raises serious
questions over the commitemnt and efficiency of the nation's intelligence and
security agencies. The CONCORD therefore calls for high-level inquiry into
the entire operation. [From the press review] [Text] [Lagos International
Service in English 0830 GMT 21 May 85 AB]

PAPER COMMENDS REPATRIATION HANDLING--The ordeal of illegal aliens during

their departure from the country engages the attention of the GUARDIAN. It
said the instruction that the immigrants must not be allowed to take more than
20 naira out of the country was ill-advised. Another serious problem the

aliens faced, continued the paper, was the refusal of the Benin Republic author-
ities to open her borders. The GUARDIAN also recalls the rampage at the Murtala
Muhammad airport which was sparked off by hunger. However, the paper wonders
why Nigeria has to spend so much money regularly on the expulsion of illegal
aliens. It stresses that the matter was very serious because no fool-proof
method has so far been found to stop them from coming back. Nevertheless,

the GUARDIAN commends the Nigerian police and soldiers for their mature and
disciplined behavior under pressure, and in view of the problems they faced.
[From the press review] [Text] [Lagos International Service in English 0830
GMT 22 May 85 AB]

COOPERATION AGREEMENT WITH URUGUAY~-Nigeria and Uruguay have signed an agree-—
ment under which both countries can exchange trade, technical knowledge and

yl



JPRS-SSA~85-049
18 June 1985

ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

SOVIET TECHNICAL PROPOSALS STUDIED--It has been announced in Lusaka that the
Zambian Government is studying Soviet proposals to help in various technical
fields, including metallurgy. The Soviet trade councillor, (Anatoliy Duanino),
reported last night that the proposals include the introduction of advanced
technology for the processing of (lean?) copper ore, construction of agricul-
ture and power engineering, vocational centers, and the construction of a
metallurgical works. Mr (Duanino), who was speaking after a reception to mark
the 40th anniversary of the defeat of Hitler's fascism, said these possibilities
are a result of_the Soviet's people's efforts to rehabilitate the postwar
economy, /Text/ /Lusaka Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 17 May 85/

SWEDISH GRANT ANNOUNCED--It has been announced in Lusaka that the Swedish
International Development Agency, SIDA- has given Zambia a grant of 47.5
million kwacha for the agricultural, health, and educational sectors.
According to the agreement, which was signed in Lusaka today, SIDA will also
consider increasing the import: support program to assist Zamiba reduce its
palance of payments problems. fexcerpt/ /Lusaka Domestic Service in English

1800 GMT 17 May 85/

cso: 3400/319

82



A satisfied black community that finds the fulfillment of its aspirations in a
new political system, greater economic progress and decent living conditions,
will serve as a safety valve to blow off the head.of steam worked up by the
revolutionary elements, and bring it to a halt.

This is precisely why the attacks are being made against the Blacks themselves,
against buildings and government and administrative structures that are working
to improve their own situation; against black policemen, officials ‘and elected
representatives who strive for law, order and development. Black businessmen
are already coming under fire, because they, too, represent the system upon
which the revolutionaries have pronounced an anathema.

This brings us to. the second part of Mr le Grange's warning, the most important
one: that it is the revolutionaries who perpetrate ‘these appalling crimes with-
in the black communities and that it is in their own interest to combat’ the UDF
and other organizations that are trying to make the nation ungovernable, through
violence or other unlawful methods.

Blacks, however, cannot continue to hide in passive fear, waiting for the
Whites to do the job for them alone.

They will have to. rise out of their paralysis and, figuratively speaking, take
up their hide-shield and fighting spear and, side by side with White, Colored
and Asian, thus defend their rights against those who attack all.of us in-
discriminately.

8117
CSO: 3401/175

59



JPRS-SSA~85-049
18 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

FOREIGN AFFAIRS MINISTER DISCUSSES U.S. SOUTHERN AFRICA POLICY
MB211258 Harare THE HERALD in English 9 May 85 pp 4,5

[First part of two part article by Zimbabwean Minister of Foreign Affairs
Witness Mangwende: "A Detailed Analysis of 'Constructive Engagement '"]

[Text] --The policy of constructive engagement has represented, since Pres~
ident Reagan took over, the hallmark of his administration's political atti-
tudes in southern Africa.

~-Widely regarded to be the brainchild of the assistant secretary of state
for African affairs, Dr Chester Crocker, constructive engagement ostensibly
stands for and advocates non-violent change in apartheid-ruled South Africa.

~-There are those who believe that the policy is nothing but a cover-up for
the Reagan Administration's active collaboration with the apartheid regime,

~-Those who belong to this school of thought argue that under cover of con-
structive engagement, the apartheid regime has been allowed to sharpen its
claws and has let loose a reign of terror in South Africa, Namibia, Angola
and Mozambique.

~~They say because constructive engagement rules out any meaningful economic
sanctions against the Pretoria regime, it has made it strong and weakened the
African independent states in the region.

~-They conclude that it was precisely for this reason that the policy was
formulated in the first place and that as far as that goes, it has achieved
its goal,

~-Others believe, however, that constructive engagement is a result of the
Reagan administration's misunderstanding of the political requirements in the
region.

~-They say the policy has failed and should be changed in favour of a more

positive and action-packed policy based on a more realistic understanding of
the nature of the apartheid regime.

83



JPRS-SSA-85-~049
18 June 1985

GHANA

FOUR MORE SENTENCED TO DEATH IN BANK FRAUD CASE
AB272120 Accra Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 27 May 85

/Text/ Four more people were sentenced to death by firing squad by the Public
Tribunal in Accra today for their involvement in the fraudulent withdrawal of
over 37 million cedis from the Bank of Ghana between November last year and
May this year. They are Mark Nyame Bowham and Albert Nyole Swanzy of the
Accountant General's Department. The other two are Koi Tawiah and Emmanuel
Bekor from the Ministry of Local Government. The fifth accused person, Peter
Bimfo, a junior accounts officer of the Accountant General's Department, was
acquitted and discharged on the grounds that. he had no criminal intent with
regard to the role he played in the deal.

According to the chairman of the. tribunal, Mr Kofi Bosompim, Peter Bimfo was
sent with a requisition form for a government checkbook from the Bank of Ghana
as a normal schedule. He pointed out that the total of 84,000 cedis he received
at different times from bowham was a loan which he had requested prior to and
after the collection of the government checkbook. The charges against the other
four. people were conspriacy to commit crime and doing an act to sabotage the

economy of Ghana.

According to the prosecution, Bowham and the three others, through the stealing
of requisition forms and forging of signatures, managed to secure a government
checkbook from the Bank of Ghana in November last year. They forged signatures
on the check leaves and succeeded in withdrawing a total of 37.3 million cedis
over the period. Bowham was intercepted at a police checkpoint on 19 May this
year with 70,000 cedis in his car boot but was unable to account for the money
when confronted. He was arrested and sent to the Castle where investigations
led to the discovery of the fraud. Before passing sentence, the chairman, Mr
Bosompim, spoke of the need for a thorough probe into the activiites of the
Accountant General's Department to ensure that all loopholes are plugged. He
recommended an immediate radical shakeup of the department.

Describing the deal as one of the greatest frauds in the annals of the country's
history, Mr Bosompim said the perpetrators have proved to be undesirable in
the society and deserve to be condemned. He ordered that all their property

be confiscated to the state.

CSO: 3400/317

28



JPRS=SSA~85~049
18 June 1985 .

ANGOLA

IMPORTANG DIRECTOR GENERAL REPORTS ON 1984 ACTIVITIES
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 12. Apr 85 p 3

[Interview with IMPORTANG Director-General Lourenco Neto by Eurico Xavier of
ANGOP; date, time and place not given]

[Text] The People's Republic of Angola, through its. Angolan
Importing Central Organization (IMPORTANG-U.E.E.), for the
fulfillment of its import plan in 1984, signed more than 600
contracts, the equivalent of 150 trade operations, for an
overall amount of 10 billion kwanzas ($330 million).

Created in July 1977, IMPORTANG's activities are concerned
with the importing of products for supplying the population
and for the development of the’country pursuant to the nat~
ional plan and the instructions of higher authorities, par-
ticularly the Ministry of Foreign Trade, of which the com-

pany is a part.

According to its director, Lourenco Neto, during an inter-
view granted to the Angolan Press Agency [ANCOP], IMPORTANG
signed contracts with companies throughout the world, pro-
vided they are commercially compatible, with the exception
of the Republic of South Africa and Israel because of their
regimes, which are condemned worldwide.

During the interview, Lourenco Neto spoke of the principal
activities of his company, the possibilities of a greater
cooperation with China, nonfulfillment of plans, profess~
ional training of workers, among other things.

We now proceed to publish the content of the interview.

ANGOP: What is IMPORTANG and when was it created?

Director General: The Angolan Central Importing Organization (IMPORTANG-
U.E.E.) ig a commercial company with a legal personality and administrative
and financial autonomy, ruled by the provisions contained in its bylaws
and regulations, by the rules applicable to state economic units and,
supplementarily, by the legislation current in the People's Republic of

Angola.



SOVIET MARINE RESEARCH COOPERATION REPORTED

Victoria NATION in English 11 May 85 pp 1, 2

[Text]

cso

3400/257

A lengthy report on scientific
research carried out in Seychel-
les waters by four Soviet vessels
over the past few months was
handed over to National De-
velopment Minister Jacques
Hodoul yesterday afternoon by
Soviet Ambassador, Mikhail
Orlov. +

The presentation at Mr
Hodoul’s office in Independ-
ence House was attended by Dr
Selwyn Gendron, the Chief
Technology for Development
Officer of the Ministry of Na-
tional Development. He ex-
plained afterwards that the re-
port was the result of work car-
ried out by some 200 Soviet sci-
entists during recent missions
by the Professors Bogorov,
Lavrentyev, Nesmeyanov and

43

Vinogradov, all vessels belong-
ing to the USSR Aacademy of
Sciences. Most of the research
was done in the waters around
Mahé, Tle aux Vaches,
Coetivy, Farquhar, Desroches
and Alphonse.

The report comprises
biochemical, bathymetric,
oceanographic and ocean-

thermal energy related data,
which are accompanied by vari-
ous samples of sediment, sea-
weed and other material taken
from the sea bed.

Dr Gendron explained that
the report would be very useful
in assessing the ocean thermal
energy potential of Seychelles
waters and the possibilities for
the industrial use of algae and
seaweeds.

JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

SEYCHELLES



{(Badgerol)] Well, it must be a very weird kind of intelligence-gathering
exercise when you arm your chaps with incindiary bombs, limpet mines and high
power explosives,

{White] Now, has this kind of thing ever happened before?

[@adgerol)] Yes, indeed, there has been a regular series of considerable
acts of sabotage in the country a long way from the southern border with
Namibia, but the outstanding case and also the one furthest north so far
until this attempt was, of course, the attemptédg blowing up of the Luanda
oil refinery which was carried out by a South African commando group and
bits of white body were discovered in the counterattack. [end recording]

CSO: 3400/298



JPRS~SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

LANDMINE KILLS 3 NEAR OSHAKATI--The South-West African Broadcasting Cprpor-
ation reports that three civilians were killed near Oshakati yesterday when
their vehicle hit a landmine. They were Mr (Ishuna Angula), Mr (Johannes
Amagonjo), and his daughter, whose name has not yet been released. The in-
cident occurred about 3 km north of Oshakati. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic
Service in English 0900 GMT 28 May 85 MB]

cso: 3400/298

37



YOUTHS ESCAPE MPLA MASSACRE-~A total of 45 youths both girls and boys, to-
gether with a number of children, arrived safe and sound in Jamba from
Malanje Province after a 62-day trip. The group, led by 24-year-old (Andrade
Andre Sanscrito), left Malanje Province in panic and anger due to continuous
massacres carried out by the MPLA against unprotected people. They also
raped children and lonely elderly women and robbed livestock. [Text]
[(Clandestine) Voice of Resistance of the Black Cockerel in Portuguese to

Angola 0430 GMT 17 May 85]

11 'COUNTERREVOLUTIONARIES' KILLED--National Defense and Security Forces have
killed 11 counterrevolutionaries. and captured another in military operations
carried out in Moxico, Zaire and Huambo provinces. In the fighting, which took
place between 6 and 11. May, various armaments and war equipment of South
African origin were also captured. , [Text] [Luanda Domestic Service in
Portuguese 0500 GMT 22 May 85 MB]

cso: 3400/287

16



JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

ANGOLA

ANGOP COMMENTS ON DOS SANTOS MESSAGE OF HOPE
MB210710 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1200 GMT 20 May 85
[ANGOP commentary: "A Message of Hope"]

[Text] During Comrade President Jose Eduardo dos Santos' recent visit to the
5th political and military region, which includes the provinces of Huila,
Cunene and Namibe, the supreme leader of the Angolan revolution held an impor-
tant rally with the Cunene war refugees at (Cachada da Fera).

The speech which he delivered at (Cachada da Fera) is not just a reaffirmation
of the fact that our party and government's attention is constantly drawn to
the martyrized residents of Cunene Province; it is an expression of the
Angolan people's unequivocal solidarity and support for the direct vicitims

of South African aggressions against the Young People's Republic of Angola.

In his words, there is a message of hope for the current struggle which we
are carrying out on various fronts: the military, diplomatic, political and
national reconstruction fronts. This hope is constantly being renewed, and
it is already rooted in (Cachada da Fera), where responsible officials and
the Cunene war refugees have been organizing themselves since 1981, struggling
to regain those areas occupied by the racist South African Army, rebuilding
cities, villages and destroyed housing, and taking the national flag to the
border with Namibia.

The partial withdrawal of the South African forces from Cunene Province is

the result of the struggle on various combat fronts, and is also a victory for
the heroism of Mandume's sons, who, despite the difficult situation which they
still experience, remain firm and courageous with high morale.

However, Comrade President Jose Eduardo dos Santos warned at (Cachada da Fera)
that the withdrawal of the South African troops is not the definitive solution
to southern Angola's war problem. There are other problems which remain un-
resolved. First, South Africa continues to support the UNITA armed gangs,
supplying them with arms, ammunitions, uniforms, training, and transportation,
in order to terrorize our population and destabilize our economy. Second,
South Africa continues to oppress the Namibian people, and the Namibian people
are certainly not going to lay down their arms without achieving their inde—
pendence and freedom. This means, therefore, that we are going to continue
making efforts even on the diplomatic front.

11



TANZANIA

Iranian Officials Comment on Tourism, Aid
(Dar Es Salaam External Service, 19 May 85)sssscecccsccees

Zanzibar Announces Changes in Export Regulations
(Zanzibar Domestic Service, 23 May 85).sescosscevsscsccees

"Radical Overhaul’ of Economy Reported
(Michael Anders; AFP, 24 May 85).cecsesssececccecccccccore

UGANDA

Officials Discuss Attack by Sudanese Cattle Thieves
(Kampala Domestic Service, 3 Apr 85).ecsccsccccvcccncceces

ZAIRE
AZAP Says Life Turning to Normal in Moba
(AZAP, 22 May 85)sescssccecccecece errrrrrrrrr
ZAMBIA
Briefs
Soviet Technical Proposals Studied
Swedish Grant Announced
ZIMBABWE

Foreign Affairs Minister Discusses U.S, Southern Africa Policy
(THE HERALD, 9 May 85)..sseeee

eee ccccocees eo eccccce

SUNDAY MAIL Supports State of Emergency
(Editorial; THE SUNDAY MAIL, 12 May 85).ssececccccceceeees

Briefs .
Swedish Assistance

-e-

76

77

78

81

82

82

83

95

97



However, as long as the black middle class does not have access’ to the same
tights and privileges as the other population groups, shared interests cannot
develop, and such people become the potential leadership group in a revolu-
tionary situation.

Then there are those in the black middle class who are indeed beginning to
develop outside interests, and it is they who are presently the target of
violence.

As a result, black political affairs are very fluid, and talk of unmanage~
ability is not merely a fairy tale.

[Question] .What will come of Bishop Tutu's attempts at reconciliation?

[Answer] The time has come for a person such as the bishop to make such an
attempt.

The government is ready as never before to talk with black leaders about for~
mat. The success of Tutu's attempt will thus depend on the consolidation
that he can bring about in black ranks and on what he brings up for negotia-
tion.

12271
cso: 3401/118



JPRS-SSA~85~049
18 June 1985

ETHIOPIA

LOCAL WE COMMITTEE ADOPTS RESOLUTIONS

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 5 May 85 pp 1, 4

[Text]

. The'second reguler meeting of the
Addis Ababa WPE Committee wound

up here yesterday after adopting re~

“solutions on ‘national and ‘interna-
‘Yional, issues and charting ways of
: further strengthening party leader-

‘ship within its precincts.

In the day-long’ mecting held at
* the National Committee for Central

‘Planning (NCCP), Comrade Lemms
Gutema, member of the .CC of the
“WPE.-and First Secretary of Addis
Ababa WPE Committee, presented a
_ Sentral report of the area.

, The report on the Committee's
plan of action for the coming six
months was aloo heard by the meet-
ee
‘The participants later expre:sed
yeadineis for the implementation of
tke resolutions passed by ‘the Second
Regular Plenum of the Central Com-
; mittee of ‘the WPE, noting that the
: resolutions help the realization of
ithe action programme of the Polit-
sburo of the EC of the WPE. .

*. The participants. urged the Iaun-
ching of a sere af progam t

tion by primary organizations and
‘ party bodies, and greater effort in
ae ing production. ,

'* They. also urged that strict mea-
sures be taken by both government
vagencies and mass otganizations in
' cooperation with’ the general public
against profiteering merchants. They
recommended that much attention be
given to the Revolutionary Ethiopia
Youth Association (REYA) | which
would mobilize the youth in construe-
tion’ activities, |.”

- ‘Parthermore, the’ participaftts call-
‘ed for: sparty bodies to strive for a
‘joint. and. coordinated: function of
‘mass organizations as well 88 to’ po-

“Lemma ‘encompa:es the efforls made
tby. the Addis ‘Ababa WPE Commit-
jose to translate into deeds the econo-
“mic, political, social and organization-

~'al policies charted by WPE, the ideo-
* Jogical ‘work ‘directed. and organized
‘by the committee, and the - activities
‘ accomplished/ in :Addis Ababa. to so-
‘Ive the drought problem. © .

-He explained that scrinpichonent



ANGOP: What ‘type of living conditions do the workers of this company enjoy
and how many’of them are there?

| © Director-General: In addition.to the rights: contained in the general labor
‘law,’ ard other ‘legal provisions ‘required by higher pertinent authorities,

the workers ‘of -IMPORTANG. enjoy transportation from their homes tothe work-

“place and back. They also have a dining room with a capacity for serving

nearly 180 to 200 meals per day (lunch).

Betausé it was necessary to perform:work and improvements on the dining
room, it was’ closed for 2 years (1983 and 1984), situation which has been
‘overcomé, since in 1985 our dining room was included in the list of activi-
ties reactivated.

We have ‘not yet been able to resolve the problem of the day: care center for
the children of the workers only because of a lack.of installations. We had
harbored great hopes with the construction of the new installations for
IMPORTANG, since we had planned an area in the building for social activi-
ties of the company. We know that the undertaking was approved and in-
cluded in the plan for 1985.

Other social advantages enjoyed by:the workers are the support the company
gives them in the practicing of sports, whether they do so in representation
of the company or even.when they are members of the team‘of the Ministry of

‘Foreign Trade.

‘Whenever possible, and particularly on the occagion of the anniversary. of

the company ‘and during the festive season of the year.,.the workers are given
some food and industrial products, depending on ‘the possibilities of the
national market, in-addition to the fraternization among us. We cannot
avoid saying also that we have decently celebrated the national holidays
dedicated to children, .such.as 1 June, 1 December’and Family Day, days on
which children are usually given.a modest lunch, recreation and a distri-

bution of toys and other souvenirs.

* TMPORTANG now has. 158 workers distributed as follows: Supervisors,

including ‘management, 31; technicians, 45; employees, 66 and workers,
16;

ANGOP: Is the professional training of the staff in accordance with the

“name and activity of ‘the company?

Director-General: As is obvious, all trade activity, the main ‘objective of

- IMPORTANG, ‘is’ established on technical-scientific bases,. for which reason

those who are ‘active in it cannot act’? on empirical bases or principles

_ in its execution.

Professional training of -IMPORTANG workers, despite the present existing
difficulties in the country, can be considered good and it is in constant

and permanent ‘improvement thanks to the effort and interest shown by the
workers themselves in updating their knowledge, on one hand, and the concern



JPRS~SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

GHANA

OBENG DISCUSSES ECONOMIC COOPERATION WITH GDR
AU231231 East Berlin NEUES DEUTSCHLAND in German 22 May 85 p 2

fExcerpts/ On Tuesday [21 May/ Dr Gerhard Beil, member of the GDR Council of
Minsiters and state secretary in the ministry of foreign trade, discussed the
further development of economic cooperation between the GDR and Ghana with
Paul Victor Obeng, coordinating secretary of the Provisional National Defense
Council of the Repbulic of Ghana. .

The interlocutors agreed that trade relations between the two countries have
been successfully developed and there are good preconditions for a further
expansion. /passage omitted/

On the same day Dr Christian Scholwin, state secretary in the Ministry of
General Engineering, Agricultural Machinery and Vehicle Building, and Paul
Victor Obeng discussed the possibilities of further intensifying economic
cooperation between the two countries. /passage omitted/

CSO: 3400/316



JPRS-SSA-~85~049
18 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

SUNDAY MAIL SUPPORTS STATE OF EMERGENCY
MB220639 Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 12 May 85 ps
[Editorial; Good Reason" ]

[Text] The Minister of Home Affairs, Cde Simbi Mubako, gave cogen reasons in
his effort to persuade Parliament to extend the state of emergency for another
six months, He enumerated cases of murders and rape by bandits and dissi-
dents,

But we believe that the most persuasive argument for the extension of the
emergency is the need to ensure that the forthcoming elections are held in a
conducive and peaceful atmosphere. Deductive speculators and dismal Jeremiahs
are already predicting elections characterised by violence.

Common. sense demands that the government must arm itself with all the neces-
sary instruments of power to enable it either to forestall any violence or to
deal with it effectively if it raises its ugly head,

There is no harm in taking precautions by arming itself with emergency powers,
which may not be used at all. And yet there can be great harm if the govern-
ment remains passively complacent. It will be taking chances with the lives
of people and state security.

Emergency powers are required, not only to deal with dissidents and bandits,
but also to nullify the nefarious activities of agents provocateurs who are
likely to be planted by inimical external forces to cause maximum confusion
during the elections.

However, we are of the opinion that the post-elections period must be used
for a thorough review of the state of emergency with a view to abolishing it,
or letting it lapse. The emergency gives Zimbabwe the false international
image of a country still fighting a war. And yet the truth is that the war
ended with the advent of independence in 1980, and there is visible peace all
over the country, even in Matabeleland, despite dissidents and bandits,

As long as there is a state of emergency it is difficult to convince outside
people and prospective investors that there is normal peace in Zimbabwe, if not
greater peace than obtained in many countries of the world. The dissidents in
this country and their insignificant number area a fleabite compared with

95



towards South Africa alone: "It is a regional policy aimed at supporting the
peace process in the entire Southern African region...in addition, of course,
to supporting the process of change domestically in South Africa."

Having thus clarified exactly what "constructive engagement/quiet diplomacy"
really is and what it is supposed to achieve, let us examine how successful
or otherwise it has been in realising the stated foreign policy goal of the
United States Government. .

On the situation in South Africa itself, the U.S. Administration insists that
"quiet diplomacy" has led to change and what they term "constructive progress”
being made "there now exists," they say, "clear evidence of a climate more
favourable for change." :

A closer examination, however, will reveal that the situation on the ground
does not in fact correspond with this baseless optimism.

The Americans like to describe the cosmetic constitutional changes introduced
by the South African regime last year as a "positive step." But they have in
the end admitted that the so-called dispensation has failed to address the
primary political issue, namely political and social justice for the oppressed
black majority in South Africa.

The Reagan Administration has now found it "dronical" that the constitutional
changes have "forced the future political role of blacks to the top of the pub-
lic agenda."

"Outrageous" would have been a more appropriate adjective--outrageous because
all that the so-called changes have achieved has been to highlight, more bla-
tantly than ever before, the South African regime's total disregard for the
natural and legitimate aspirations of over 75 percent of its population. ‘

How can we be persuaded to believe that “constructive engagement" interprets
this outrageously unfair position as a "positive step"?

As evidence of what "constructive engagement" and/or "quiet diplomacy" has
helped to produce, Dr Crocker has also pointed to the emergence of -a "free
trade union movement" which he says represents, "a dramatically different
situation than that which existed just five years ago."

He has further remarked thus: "I mean, here we are, in this country (the
United States of America), having major expressions of public concern about
the detention (in South Africa) of labour leaders."

Whereas the emergence of a trade union movement does indeed constitute a
positive development the irony of Dr Crocker's words is nothing short of
tragic, If one may venture to ask, what is the use of having a "free trade
union movement" when its leaders are themselves deprived of their freedom?’

The U.S. Administration publicly boasts of the efforts it making through
"quiet diplomacy" of course, in search of improvement in the field of human
and civil rights within South Africa.”

88



and importance attributed.to this chapter of professional training. by the
company on the other.

Therefore, taking advantage of the good relations’we have with some compat-
ible and internationally known companies’: almost every year we have workers
abroad for periods of from 6.months.to 1-year, who in contact’ with new ‘tech-
niques used :in international trade, improve or specialize in this or that
trade area relative to the list of products and ‘articles which make up the

items of interest to the company.

At this time we have specialists in the areas.of cereals, grains, oils;
fats, textiles and others which, because of their own basic*training, ad-
vanced and medium-level courses, and in a-community of efforts with those
who thanks ‘to a long professional experience managed to acquire practical
knowledge, guarantee as a minimum the operation of the company.

On the.other hand, and this without counting some: workers who. are already
taking ‘some. courses at various levels, including the basic’ courses at the
Ministry of Foreign Trade personnel training centers, we have four workers
taking the advanced course in foreign trade abroad. .

- We are optimistic about’. development of workers of the company with respect
to their professional training.

ANGOP: With which countries does -IMPORTANG normally sign its contracts,
or are there fixed trade zones?

Director-General: ‘IMPORTANG does’ not sign contracts with .countries but
with companies in countries located in the most varied:areas of the globe,
providing, as is obvious, that they observe certain’ principles and standards
of international trade that are advantageous’ to. the company and’ consequent-
ly to the country, such as price, quality and the guarantee of timely

. delivery pursuant to the contract schedule: signed.

Within :those premises, IMPORTANG’has relations with companies based in
France, the GDR, China, Zimbabwe, the USSR, Italy, and so forth,

Logically, there. exist. government’.commitments established by trade’agree-
ments, which almost always contain, mandatory lists and/or*indications of

products for. export and import by. the signing countries.

On the basis of. those trade agreements, and basically because .of the ‘annexed
lists, there sometimes. arises the need'to define fixed zones, which without
being zones of trade--and this in .the true .sense‘of the word--are’ at least
fixed zones for the origins of..some products, ‘such as the republic of Cuba
is at this time’ in the case of sugar. All the’rest are zones of: mandatory
consultation for this or that product. previously established by the Ministry

of Foreign Trade.

ANGOP: A!new ‘field*of cooperation is opened with the People's Republic of
China [PRC]. What can you tell us in that respect? At the same ‘time, we



It is an abysmal record indeed and a devastating indictment, surely of the
validity of the "quiet diplomacy” method.

For anyone to continue to advocate, let alone implement, such an unscrupu-
lous policy in the face of such a lamentable, indeed dismal, result, and in
the face of such widespread rejection thereéf, is surely to display a very
reckless, even contemptible, disregard for the wishes and well-being of the
people of southern Africa as a whole.

The rising tensions in southern Africa and the increasing anger of its people
at the continuing outrages of apartheid and the racist Pretoria regime demand
swift and meaningful change, a demand which should not, indeed cannot, be
ignored or merely glossed over by the "quiet diplomacy" of the past, It is
already far too late for that.

President Reagan himself has conceded that "there are occasions where quiet
diplomacy is not enough.'”

Perhaps he would have been more accurate if he had said that there are oc-
casions, and this is surely one of them, where "quiet diplomacy" is just not

appropriate. Indeed, he could have won our admiration by telling the Pretoria
regime openly that enough is enough.

cso: 3400/311

4



Hand

Such solutions will go hand in haid-with the extent. to which.the security
situation is kept under control—something for which a stronger Police Force
with appreciable components from the community is.a prerequisite. The fact
that the Police must: regularly turn down recruits from all groups shows that
the necessary good will towards the [Police] Force is present, allowing more
to be done in this direction.

12271
cso: 3401/118

62



JPRS~SSA-85~049
18 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PAPER SAYS LOUD ANTI-RSA PROTESTS SELF-DEFEATING
MB191025 Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 19 May 85 p 28
(Editorial: "Message Drowned in Decibels"]

[Text] South Africans can be forgiven for believing that the international
protest industry is engaged in a decibel auction; that the real contest is no
longer over how and by whom South Africa should be governed, but over who can
shout the anti-apartheid odds the loudest--and thus demonstrate his impeccable
political morality to anyone who will listen.

From the antipodean twins, Bob Hawke and David Lange, who specialize in the
persecution of sportsmen, to San Francisco Mayor Dianne Feinstein who has
awarded a halo to Bishop Tutu, from Jesse Jackson who upstaged the Washington
demos by delivering his protest in Bonn, to Donald Woods dividing his time
between appearing in Richard Attenborough's anti-apartheid movie and telling
Mr Sonny Ramphal's Commonwealth Secretariat how to counter Pretoria's propa-
ganda, the anti-South African bandwagon is becoming as bizarre as it is long,
cumbersome and burdened with some very curious passengers.

There is obviously a difference, both in gravity and gravitas, between demos
in Florida warning that they will make life difficult for Miss South Africa at
a beauty pageant, and threats by the United States Congress that it will make
life difficult for South African Airways.

But the motive is the same. A desire by politicians-~both true and quasi--to
show that, although defeated by most of the world's puzzling problems, from
Third World poverty to Nicaragua, from unemployment to Afghanistan, there is
one issue on which they can stand true and tall in the picket lines.

South Africa has thus fallen victim to the politician's incurable itch to do
domething--preferably in an area of the world where he will not have to carry
responsibility for his actions.

And there's the rub. For if the motive is the same, so too is the problem.
If one assumes--as one must, at least for the sake of politeness--that Messrs

Hawke, Lange, Jackson, Ramphal, Kennedy, Attenborough, Ms Feinstein and the
rest of the protest industry--are serious about achieving change in South

68



JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

ANGOLA

BUSINESSMAN CRITICIZES PORTUGUESE POLICIES .
MB220847 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 0500 cur May 85 :

{Text] Guedes da Silva, a Portuguese businessman, has said in Lisbon that the
deliberate false information presented in his country against Portuguese-
speaking African countries are being carried out in favor of the United States
and the racist’ South African regime. : : :

Guedes da Silva's statement was in support of the condemnation he made in

Lisbon, ‘when he ‘stated ‘that’ various Angolan counterrevolutionaries forbidden
to carry out activities ‘in the FRG'were recently welcomed in Portugal. This
welcome, according to him, is part-of the so-called Portuguese foreign. policy

geared to interests which are total detrimental to the. Portuguese people.

As an example of false propaganda, the Portuguese businessman said: if the
number of killed and those taken. prisoner -claiméd by UNITA against the Angolan
Army were ‘to be ‘taken’ into account, there would be neither an army in Angola,
nor Angolan airline aircraft or helicopters. He said what is happening to
Portugal's relations with its former colonies only harms the Portuguese state.
Guedes da Silva said that almost every day the Portuguese press carries some
biased news on what is happening in Southern Africa, particularly in Angola,
reflecting the ideological interests the respective newspapers represent.

As for Portugal's relations with its. former colonies and other countries,
Guedes da Silva said that Portugal should promote such relations without
interfering in the internal affairs or the policies that those countries
follow, as this is an exclusive problem of those states.

The businessinan also’ expressed his concern that Portugal is promoting an
African policy which mainly follows that of the United States. He eriticized
the Portuguese Socialist Party [PSP] led by Mario. Soares for being guided by
American interests, Guedes da Silva commended the impeccable actions of
General Ramalho Eanes, Portuguese state president, in promoting relations with
Africa. He said that the end of his mandate in 6 months’ time will be pro-
foundly ‘detrimental ‘to relations with Africa. The Portuguese businessman said
that Mario Soares, PSP leader, might be elected, only to serve U.S. interests
in his capacity as Portuguese president. He mentioned Freitas do Amaral as
another presidential candidate who maintains great friendship and links with
RENAMO and UNITA, terrorist organizations which are attempting to destabilize
the progressive regimes in Angola and Mozambique.

cso: 3400/287
13



insurgents and their activities in many countries that deal with them by other
means than a state of emergency.

In addition, the unpleasant irony and contradiction of a government of former
freedom-fighters perpetuating the very state of emergency that was contrived
and used by a colonial regime to fight against them, is difficult to get used
to, and must be brought to an end. It gives responsibility to dissidents and
bandits;-when the same instrument that was used against freedom-fighters is
used against them, We concede that it was necessary and inevitable to con-
tinue the state of emergency after independence because the situation was
chaotic. It is different now, and will be thoroughly different after the

elections.

The original state of amergency, now almost 20 years old, should not be re-
newed after the elections. The fact that it was originally instituted by the
Rhodesian Front to fight freedom-fighters is enough reason why it should go.
I£ necessity demands, a new state of emergency, originating in the new cir-
cumstances of majority rule and independence, can be started after the elec-

tions.

- It is our serious opinion that at that point in time there will be devised
sufficient other instruments of power to deal effectively with any malcontents
trying to challenge a legally constituted authority.

At the risk of prolixity, we wish to reiterate that this will be food for
thought for the government that will emerge out of the forthcoming elections.
We have to avoid a mental state of affairs, being human as we are, whereby we
unthinkingly resort to a state of emergency as a matter of habit.

cso: 3400/313

96



JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

MDI LEADER FACES POSSIBLE CHARGE OF PLOTTING OVERTHROW
ABO71510 Paris AFP in French 1308 GMT 7 May 85

[Text] Bangui, 7 May (AFP)--Francois Gueret, a’ former member of the CAR
government who was arrested on 14 February in Bangui, could be accused of
plotting against the regime of General Andre Kokingba, it was learned on
Tuesday from many informed sources in the CAR capital. The CAR authorities
are believed to have proof that at the time of his arrest, Mr Gueret was Pre-
paring to overthrow the ruling "Military Committee for National Recovery"
(CMRN) with the support of a group of "mercenaries."

The CAR authorities have, however, refused’ t to confirm or deny these accusa-
tions. Up until now, no official explanation has been given for the arrest
and continued detention of Mr Gueret who, on 13 February, was dismissed from
his post of high state commissioner in charge of state enterprises and
parastatals.

It is believed that the situation of this former member of the CAR government
is now creating differences of opinion among military authorities, especially
concerning the "advisability" of organizing a trial. “Mr Gueret is on the pre-
mises of the “police station of the port" of Bangui. « According to authorized
sources, he is being well treated and his family may visit him.

Francois Gueret is one of the most prominent personalities in the political
life of the CAR. In February 1981, he created the "Movement for Democracy
and Independence" (MDI) and joined Gen Kolingba's government as high state
commissioner at the presidency in April 1983. However, the MDI leader remain-
ed less than 10 months in that post, which is considered one of the most im-
portant in the regime. :

Mr Gueret, who on several occasions called for a return to civilian rule and
the restoration of the multiparty system, has often been criticized by the
CAR political class as well as by the military for his "personal ambitions"
and his tendency of not always being in "solidarity with the government ,"
authorized sources have emphasized in Bangui.

cso: 3400/ 234

18



JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

SEYCHELLES

PRASLIN AIRPORT IMPROVEMENTS REPORTED |...)

Victoria NATION in English 16 May 85 pp 1, 10

[Excerpts]

cSO:

first control tower to be’

THE

built in Seychelles outside the
International Airport on Mahé
should be directing landings
and take-offs on Praslin, at
night as well as during the day,
by late next year.

Under a R4 million project
to enlarge and expand the
Amitié aerodrome, a bigger.
Tunway will be built, terminal
facilities will be enlarged and
resited, lighting will be instal-
led for night flights, a control
tower and new fire station will

be set up, and the airport will ;

generally be made safer.

Air traffic between Mahé
and Praslin has expanded
drastically since Amitié’s nar-
row bitumen seal airstrip was
completed 13 years ago. Last
year over half the tourists who
came to Seychelles - visited
Praslin and by March this year

traffic to the island had risen by ‘

almost 16 percent.

And things promise to get _

busier and busier. The current
revival of the tourism industry
shows no sign of abating and
the Government is readying it-

3400/257

self to-launch major develop-
ment on Praslin.

Never was a __ bigger
aerodrome needed more ur-
gently than now.

Preliminary works have. al-
Teady started and five blockers
will soon be moved to new

farms to make way for the!

longer runway. The main con-
struction, by. Works En-
terprises Ltd, is expected to
start in about three weeks.

The, runway will be
lengthened from 800 to 1.200
metres and widened almost
four times from six to 23
metres. This will easily take
larger aircraft than those land-
ing at Amitié now and fits in
snuggly with Air ‘Seychelles’
plans to buy bigger aeroplanes
for its domestic fleet:

. The runway will be surfaced
with asphalt and will have lights
along it to allow aircraft to land
at night and in poor visibility.

The control tower and fire
station will be built opposite
the current terminal. The fire

47

station will have space for three
tenders and later for an ambu-
lance also.

‘The new and larger terminal
will be built further back from
where the current one is
to make way for an aircraft
parking apron. This will also al-
low aeroplanes to move more
freely between the terminal
and the control tower.

Mr Casey Pereira, the en-
gineer in charge of the project
which is being financed
through the United States
economic support funds, as-
sured airport users that the
work would be carefully prog-
Tammed so as not to interfere
with flights and the movement
of passengers and aircraft. For
example, as the new terminal is
to be built on a new site, the
construction work will not af-
fect daily business in the cur-
rent building. This will be
knocked down only when the
new terminal is ready.



And yet when asked to comment on Pretoria's obvious failure to honour its
pledge under the Nkomati Accord, Dr Crocker said the United States did not
see "any evidence of a pattern of violation of the nonaggression treaty the
two countries signed."

Pretoria's aggression is not, of course, confined to Mozambique and Angola
alone but extends to a greater or lesser degree, to all countries in the sub-

region.

Examples abound in this respect. It was a South African-backed group of
mercenaries who shattered the natural beauty and calm of the Seychelles
Islands in November 1981 in a heavy-handed but failed attempt to topple the
government there, and to replace it with a puppet administration loyal to the

Pretoria regime.

Even the tiny mountain kingdom of Lesotho, which cannot in any conceivable
manner be seen as representing a threat to the security of South Africa, has
not escaped Pretoria's brutality. Indeed on 9 December 1982, the racist
regime's troops and helicopter gunships launched a murderous attack within
the capital of Maseru itself, killing and wounding numerous innocent refugees,
most of them women and young children.

Within Zimbabwe the evidence of continuing destabilisation grows with each
day that passes,

Not only have we been subjected to open South African military aggression on
several occasions, but Pretoria has also sought to inflict severe damage upon
our economy and our economic infrastructure by using its MNR bandits to sabot-
age vital sectors of our fuel supply and export/import transport systems
through Mozambique.

South African financial and logistical support for the bandit groups operating
within Zimbabwe is a further undeniable element of Pretoria's overall campaign
of hostility towards Zimbabwe, as is the unrelenting, insidious propaganda war
being directed against us through the South African media and through such
clandestine channels as the so-called Radio Truth broadcasting from the
northern Transvaal. . ‘

Although this policy of deliberate destabilization began a long time before the
Reagan administration came to power, it is a fact that the last four years
have seen a most significant increase in both the level and intensity of that
aggression.

One need look no further than the policy of "quiet diplomacy" in order to find
the reason for this escalation.

Without the restraining hand of Washington to keep them within certain para~
meters of action, the South Africans have in fact "run amok.'' In the name of
peace, and with the quiet acquiescence of their closest allies in the West,
they have wreaked destruction and terror upon the region on an unprecedented
scale.



JPRS~SSA-85~049
18 June 1985

GUINEA-BISSAU

CAPITAL OF GUINEA-BISSAU THROWN INTO DARKNESS ‘
AB241633 Paris AFP in French 1133 GMT 24 May 85
[By Carolina Fonseca]

[Text] Bissau, 24 May (AFP)--Unlighted streets at night; only one out of
six wards of city receives electricity at night and for only 4 hours. With
the exception of the presidency, embassies, some official services and enter-
prises considered here as real inslets of light, "Bissau by night" resembles
an ocean of darkness.

Powercuts in Bissau have become a normal part of daily life, but the situation
seriously deteriorated last month following a serious breakdown in the main
electricity generator. The sole generator presently supplying the capital
with electricity can only produce 2,750 Kw, whereas Bissau's electricity
needs are 4,000 Kw. Hence, the distribution of electricity is rationed:

4 hours a day for each of the six wards.

The first consequence of this situation is that the only daily newspaper in the
country, NO PINTCHA (FORWARD), appearing three times a week, did not appear for
15 days in April, The national radio station, which has a small autonomous
generator, was able to continue its broadcasts. The other consequence is that
the inhabitants of Bissau have gone back to the kerosene lamps, which had been
abandoned since the country attained independence in 1975.

Bissau's energy problem is presently very critical, an authority at the
Guinea-Bissau Water and Electricity Company told AFP, adding, however, that it
could be partly settled by the end of June, He announced that a turbine for a
2,140 Kw generator to boost the production of the only electricity generator
still operational will soon be delivered to the national electricity company.
Furthermore, a team of East German technicians are expected soon in Bissau to
deliver spare parts and repair the main electricity generator of the capital.

According to him, Gyinea-Bissau wants to quickly improve its energy situ-
ation, especially in the capital. The authorities have already submitted an
application for the acquisition of a 4,000 Kw generator to a mission of the
AFrican Development Bank. Besides, very soon, with the help of the USSR,
Guinea-Bissau plans to install gas-oil generators in all the regional capitals
of the country.

30



JPRS-SSA-85-~049
18 June 1985

DIFFICULTIES IN PASTA INDUSTRY DISCUSSED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 13 Apr 85 p 2

[Text] Benguela--Massas Centro-Sul, a pasta factory, produced about 1100 metric
tons of pasta in 1984, which is 92 percent of the 1200 metric tons planned, Julio
Ferreira, company manager, reports to ANGOP. "

According to the manager,the main reason for the failure over the past year to

meet the plan is the obsolesence of the entire plant, which has shut down opéra-
tions for long periods of time. "The equipment in place is about 30 years old,

and the factory needs to be completely re-equipped," the manager stated, °

Regarding the current condition of the equipment, Mr Ferreira added that in 1978
a team of Italian technicians surveyed the factory's needs for new equipment,
and the results were forwarded to the central offices of the Ministry of Energy,
but there has been no action to date to implement the survey's recommendations.

Irregular deliveries of raw materials and frequent power outages, in addition
to the difficulty of obtaining spare parts and accessories for the machinery,
were also mentioned as factors which affected production last year.

The factory, which operates 24 hours a day and produces an estimated 125 metric
tons per month, is running at a deficit, caught between inefficient equipment
performance and the pricing policy in effect for raw matérials vs. finished
products, which does not cover operating expenses.

According to Mr Ferreira, the situation worsened even further when the recent.
wage scale was put into effect, which increased salaries by 100 percent. The
factory had been paying about 400,000 kwanzas in wages and now has a monthly
payroll of about 800,000 kwanzas. :

The factory, which has 96 workers, mostly in production, and whose finished pro-
ducts are sold to EDINBA's Central Supply Base 2 under contract, also supplies
dining halls of companies assigned to the Ministry of Industry.

Meanwhile, for this year Massas Centro-Sul has a production plan calling for 1500
metric tons of pasta, but in the light of innumerable difficulties, modification
of the plan is likely,

8844
CSO: 3442/275

14



JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK LEADERS FEAR GRADUAL REFORMATION
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 1 May 85 p 10

[Text] The threat of revolution in South Africa must be serious if it compels
such a senior and responsible minister as Mr Louis le Grange to issue such se~-
rious warnings on its account.

In the past, according to him, the revolutionary climate was not as perceptible *
nor marked by such sophisticated organization as it is today. ©

Although the minister of law and order was cautious in his choice of words,
what he said could nevertheless give rise to objections, if the situation does
not warrant it. He might on the one hand be accused of alarmism, which could
subvert the nation's trust. On the other hand, the words of the revolutionary
groups could be cited as proof of their success.

His warning can thus be justified only if the security situation is so serious
that such a warning proves more necessary than the deleterious consequences
that it might cause to happen.

The facts that Mr le Grange mentioned and the daily news about the unrest in
the black community confirm his appraisal of the threat, in our view. So we
must make our voices heard in order than all of South Africa may become aware
of the situation.

The political, social and economic factors that contributed to the disturban-
ces must always be kept in view, and this the government does, working within
the full extent of its powers to bring about change.

The more serious side of the problem, however, is that groups such as the South
African Communist Party, the ANC, the UDF and such of its affiliates as the Na-
tional Forum Committee and the radical trade unions-~these two were singled out
by Mr le Grange--have declared war on reform itself.

For them the point is not that reform is taking place too little and too slowly
for their way of thinking. Rather, they look upon reform, with its goals of
establishing an equitable system for all groups and of maintaining and expand-
ing the free market system, as a threat.

58



JPRS-SSA-~85-049
18 June 1985

ANGOLA

U.S., INTERNATIONAL REACTION TO RSA TROOPS NOTED
MB250957 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 0500 GMT 25 May 85

[Text] The international public opinion has strong}¥y condemned the sabotage
attempt against the Malongo oil installations in Cabinda Province by a South
African commando group last Tuesday. The BBC said that the presence of the
unit in Angola was no surprise, but stressed that for the first time racist
South Africa was forced to publicly admit the presence of groups operating
inside the People's Republic of Angola after having pretentiously announced
its alleged total withdrawal from southern Angola.

It will be noted that the confirmation of the presence of the South African
commando group in Angola was made by General Constand Viljoem, the chief of
the general staff of the racist army, in a statement where he defined the
mission of the group of saboteurs as one of gathering information on the
basis of SWAPO and the ANC.

In Washington, the official reaction to this foiled criminal action did not
surprise even those who are the least aware of the privileged ties between
that capital and Pretoria. A State Department spokesman, Bernard Kalb,
pointed out that the presence of the group of saboteurs in Angola was
contrary to the U.S. objectives in the region. Bernard Kalb said that his
country's policy in the region was purely 6f respect for and invilability of
the borders and the fight against violence.

Commenting on thd sabotage attempt, Dick Ambrose, the general director of the

U.S. Cabinda Gulf O11 Company, said that he would have been very angry if the
action had been carried out,

cso; 3400/298



And in December of the same year he claimed that an agenda for negotiation on
Namibia‘’and Angola had been defined and had been accepted, “whether willingly
or reluctantly," by all the parties involved. .

Indeed, he went on to say that “we've seen agreement about the principles
that would form a package settlement on Namibia and what remains to be done
is to translate that agreement in principle into concrete understandings."

The international optimism and cheer generated by these premature and ill-
advised remarks was, of course, totally unfounded and it amounted to nothing
less than a deliberate misrepresentation of the situation as it stood on the
ground,

Whilst claiming continuing loyalty to and faith in, UN Security Resolution

435 as agreed to in 1978 by all parties, including SWAPO and the South African
Government, it has become patently clear that the Reagan Administration through
its so-called policy of "constructive engagement," and in full collaboration
with the racist Pretoria regime is doing its utmost to undermine the UN Plan
for Namibia.

One could not possibly fail to realise, then that the introduction of "link~
age’ into the Namibian equation was a calculated attempt to torpedo any pro-
gress towards the implementatdan of Resolution 435.

But, having been identified as such linkage has been actively resisted by the
international community as a whole.

The impression created erroneously if not deliberately, by Dr Crocker just
last year to the effect that the Angolan Government had been persuaded to ac~
cept the hitherto rejected principle of linkage was yet another element of this
overall strategy to split Frontline State unity, to reduce international pres-
sure on South Africa, and to bypass Resolution 435 altogether.

Speaking on his return from a one-day Frontline State Summit in Arusha,
Tanzania, last November, the prime minister, Cde Mugabe, stressed that con-
trary to this impression created by Dr Crocker the Angolans had not in fact
accepted the linkage principle at all and that it appeared the United States
and South Africa were “acting fraudulently on the whole question."

A week later, Dr Crocker conceded that there existed a "substantial gap to be
bridged on the specific question of sequencing the relationship of timing as
between South Africa's commitments under Resolution 435 and Angola's commit~
ment on the Cuban issue." ‘

And that gap, he said, "will need to be bridged."

Given that the Cuban linkage issue continues to form an integral part of the
“constructive engagement" approach, and that the Frontline States (Angola
included), supported by the OAU and the vast majority of the international
community, have not and will not accept it as being of any relevance whatso-
ever to the attainment of sovereign independence by Namibia, it would be

90



JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

ANGOLAN EXPERTS STUDY JOINT COOPERATION--Experts from Mozambique and Angola
have been studying matters relating to agriculture, sports, culture, industry,
fishing, transport, trade, and banking since yesterday in Maputo, The meeting
will also draw up a draft action program for the 1985-86 period to be submitted
for review by the joint economic cooperation commission 6f the two countries
which will meet shortly. The experts delegations are led by Geraldo (Chirinza),
director of the Africa-Middle East division in the Mozambican Foreign Ministry,
and Simeao Manuel Pedro, director of the Africa, Asia and Latin America Divis-
don of the Angolan State Secretariat. [Text] [Maputo Domestic Service in
Portuguese 1030 GMT 23 May 85 MB]

MATERIALS FROM GDR--Supply of raw materials from the GDR for the operation of
the Cometal Mometal enterprise in Maputo increased lately from $700,000 to $1.2
million. This was announced at a meeting held at the equipment enterprise
within the solidarity week marking the 10th anniversary of national indepen-
dence, At the meeting it was also disclosed that 74 Cometal Mometal workers
have received scholarships for training in various skills in the GDR. The
meeting was attended by a member of the GDR-Mozambique Solidarity Committee.
The solidarity week under way in the country observed solidarity with Europe
yesterday. [Text] [Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 0400 GMT 23 May 85
TMB]

GDR RELIEF AID--A total of 10,400 tons of various products, including garments,
electrical appliances, furniture, consumer goods, and others have been unloaded
in the port of Beira. The consignment is part of a gift worth more than $1
million from the GDR, The GDR consulate general in Beira said the gift is
from the German people to the Manica, Tete, Sofala, and Niassa Provinces.
{Summary} [Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1700 GMT 15 May 85 MB]

OFFICIAL LAUDS CIVILIAN COMBAT INITIATIVE--Major (Tembo), chief of general
staff of the Zambezia Provincial command, defended the need to involve the
population in the combat against the armed bandits, Major (Tembo) underlined
that the latest FPLM military operations were a serious setback for the armed
bandits, despite their desperate attempts to survive. Major (Tembo) was speak-
ing at a recent meeting of the military units situated in the Gurue District,
which analyzed the political-military situation in the region, Veterans of

the armed struggle of national liberation living in Lioma also attended the
meeting. [Text] [Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 0400 GMT 22 May 85 MB]

35



JPRS-SSA-85~049
18 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

SWEDISH ASSISTANCE--A development cooperation agreement worth 43 million
dollars was signed between Zimbabwe and Sweden in Harare today. Two other
agreements, one specifying particular fields of cooperation, and an emergency
relief agreement worth about 1 million dollars (?were) also signed. The de-
velopment cooperation agreement covers the areas of education, health, (input)
support, personnel and consultancy funds to improve public administration.
[Excerpt] [Harare Domestic Service in English 1245 GMT 24 May 85 MB]

cso; 3400/313 END

97



JPRS-SSA-85-049
18 June 1985

NIGERIA

JOINT COMMISSION MEETING WITH PRC SET FOR JUNE
ABO81754 Lagos NAN in English 1545 GMT 8 May 85

[Text] Beijing, 8 May (NAN)--The second session of the Nigerian-Chinese Joint
Commission will take place in Lagos next month, sources close to the Chinese
Foreign Ministry said in Beijing today. The sources told a correspondent of
the NEWS AGENCY OF NIGERIA (NAN) in Beijing that the commission was charged
with the responsibility of facilitating closer mutual economic and trade re-
lations between the two countries.

The first economic and trade treaty between Nigeria and China was signed in
1971 and was renewed in 1982 while the first session of the Nigerian-Chinese.
Joint Commission was held in Beijing in 1982.

In another development, the minister of external affairs, Dr Ibrahim Gambari,
has held talks behind closed doors with his Chinese counterpart, Mr Wu Xueqian,
on bilateral and international issues. Sources told NAN that both sides ex-
pressed regret that the volume of trade between them had declined to an “in-
significant level in an inverse proportion to the warmth of political rela-
tions and the size and population of both countries."

The two ministers, the sources said, agreed that full political backing be
given to the Nigérian-Chinese Joint Commission meeting so that existing

trade and technical agreements could be fully implemented and new areas of
economic cooperation developed. .

cso: 3400/234

38