076102

JPRS-SSA-87-005

16 JANUARY 1987

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

19980612 124

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JPRS-SSA-87-005

16 JANUARY 1987

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Norway's Positive Measures To Aid Sadcc Region Noted

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 28 Nov 86)

Commentator Notes Urgency of Beira Rehabilitation Program

(Allister Sparks; THE STAR, 3 Dec 86)

ANGOLA

Rapprochement With Portugal Seen Probable

(Rui Ramos; EXPRESSO, 15 Nov 86) ..

Briefs

Malawi Explains Plane Incident

BOTSWANA

Briefs

GUINEA

President Outlines Policies in Independence Day Speech

(HOROYA, 2 Oct 86)

Rural Development Minister Visits Peking, Pyongyang

(HOROYA, 17 Sep 86) •

Aid From France's Central Fund Through July, 1986

(HOROYA, 21 Sep 86)

- a -

8 Maun-Nata Road Upgrade Project

Presidential Plane Purchase Pinned °

EEC Funds Water Projects jj

Zimbabwean Refugees Repatriated °

Bill on Identity Cards 9

10

13

15
Health Minister Warns Against Illegal Sale of Medicines

(HOROYA, 2 Oct 86) 17

LIBERIA

UPP Issues Policy Statement on Economy

(NEW LIBERIAN, 28 Nov 86) 18

China Agrees to Widen Cooperation

(NEW LIBERIAN, 25 Nov 86) 19

New National Planning Strategy Designed

(Joseph Teh; NEW LIBERIAN, 24 Nov 86) 20

Liberia Shipping Corporation Reactivated

(NEW LIBERIAN, 27 Nov 86) 22

Lack of Funds Prompts Early Closure of University

(Joe Mulbah; DAILY OBSERVER, 25 Nov 86) 23

Major Road Reconditioning Begins in Nimba County

(Tana Wolokolie; DAILY STAR, 24 Nov 86) 24

Briefs

Funds Allocated Under Doe's Loan Scheme 25

MADAGASCAR

Briefs

Paris Club Reschedules Debt 26

Airline Granted Hangar Loan 26

Sugar Sale to India 27

SWAZILAND

Briefs

Ferrochrome Joint-Venture Planned 28

Sanctions Benefiting Country 28

ZAMBIA

Central Bank Announces Tightening of Monetary Policy

(AED, 8 Nov 86) \ 29

Canadian Agency To Help at Auctions

(AED, 22 Nov 86) 31

Mobil To Explore Block Concession in Luangwa Valley

(AED, 22 Nov 86) \ 32

b -
Briefs -3

Sugar Production Record _

Cooperation With Indian Agricultural Firm JJ

Magnesium Plant Project

ZIMBABWE

Norway, FRG Give Aid for Various Projects

(THE HERALD, 6 Dec 86) äür

Sweden Using Only Beira Port for Imports

(Andrew Rusinga; THE HERALD, 11 Dec 86) "

Chrome Deal in Pipeline With Japanese Importers

(David Masunda; THE HERALD, 11 Dec 86) Jb

Army Morale Gets Boost From University Students

(THE HERALD, 28 Nov 86) J7

Mabika Says Police Support Unit Beating Bandit Menace

(THE HERALD, 12 Dec 86)

Auxiliaries Graduate as Ministerial Guards

(THE HERALD, 12 Dec 86) Jy

Zisco To Be PTA Metallurgical Technology Center

(Lynda Loxton; THE HERALD, 28 Nov 86) 40

Government ZMDC Takes Over Kamativi Tin Mines

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 28 Nov 86) 41

Cost-of-Living Increases Hit Lower Income Families

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 28 Nov 86) 42

Workers Unite To Aid Displaced Mozambicans

(THE HERALD, 28 Nov 86) 43

More Donations for Mozambique

(THE HERALD, 11 Dec 86) 44

Briefs ,

Vet Schools Cooperation 7^

India Boost for Farming j5

Extrusion Plant On-Stream j5

Italian Scholarships 46

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

International Campaign Against Nation Viewed

(Dawie; DIE BURGER, 1 Nov 86) • 4/

- c -
Divulgence of Israeli Nuclear Capability Seen as Detrimental

(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 7 Nov 86) . 49

U.S. Foreign Policy Berated as 'Imperialist'

(Editorial; DIE AFRIKANER, 15 Oct 86) 50

U.S. Request To Investigate Health in Country Termed Arrogant

(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 19 Nov 86)

Colored Population Growing Faster Than Other Group

(DIE BURGER, 11 Nov 86)

Lack of Black Population Growth Control Criticized

BLACKS

52

Government's Decision To Postpone Elections Scored

(Editorial; DIE AFRIKANER, 8 Oct 86) 53

Heunis Seen as Possible Successor to P. W. Botha

(DIE AFRIKANER, 8 Oct 86) 55

s

57

(DIE AFRIKANER, 15 Oct 86) 59

BP Oil Company Integration Plans Viewed

(DIE BURGER, 17 Nov 86) 61

Number of Police Officers Being Increased

(Editorial; DIE VADERLAND, 20 Oct 86) 63

Problems Due to Presence of Nonwhites in Certain Areas Viewed

(DIE AFRIKANER, 15 Oct 86) 64

Extent of Black Urbanization Discussed

(DIE BURGER, 12 Nov 86) 67

Altercation Between Red Cross, Nation Viewed

(Editorial; DIE VOLKSBLAD, 27 Oct 86) 69

Electricity Price Increase Upsets Public

(DIE AFRIKANER, 8 Oct 86) 70

Emerging 'Khmer Rouge' Generation Seen Among Township Youth

(Gerd Behrens; SUEDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG, 17 Oct 86) 72

Blacks Polled on Mandela Leadership Support

(THE STAR, 1 Dec 86)

Upwardly Mobile Blacks Form New Elite Leaving Townships

(Cas St Leger; SUNDAY TIMES, 7 Dec 86) 75

- d
Urban Blacks Polled on Bombing of Innocents

(THE STAR, 1 Dec 86)

UDF's Morobe Discusses Political Issues

(Hugh Roberton; THE ARGUS, 2 Dec 86) .

Resurgence of Africanism in Unions Seen as Major Force

(THE WEEKLY MAIL, 5-11 Dec 86)

Over 2 000 Farm Workers Evicted From Northern Natal

(S'bu Mngadi; CITY PRESS, 30 Nov 86)

Western Transvaal Community Holds Program To Protest Removals

(Sinnah Kunene; CITY PRESS, 30 Nov 86) ÖZ

NECC Coordinator Discusses Developments in Education Struggle

(Eric Molobi Interview; WORK IN PROGRESS, Nov-Dec 86) ... ÖJ

Briefs 07

Black Parents on School Children

Urban Blacks on Work Stayaways Calls °'

Urban Blacks on Goodwill Toward Whites °'

Urban Blacks on Recreational Facilities °°

Vaal Blacks Worse Off

Subsistence Level for Blacks

Fears of Homeland Violence

Youth Camps for Ex-Detainees

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Rajbansi Praises Indian Success in Navy

(Bobby Harrypersadh; POST NATAL, 3-6 Dec 86) W

ECONOMIC

German Disinvestment Unlikely, Auto Firms Remain Confident

(SUEDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG, 23 Oct 86; FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE,

28 Oct 86) •

• • 91 Manufacturers Feeling Crisis J

Auto Firms Recording Losses

Johannesburg's CDB Successful in Attracting Tenants

(Frank Jeans; THE STAR, 3 Dec 86) y4

Job Prospects in Private Sector Fair, Scarce in Civil Service

(Janine Simon; THE STAR, 3 Dec 86) 95

INDUSTRIAL/S&T

New Car Sales Expected To Reach Only 177,000 Units in 1986

(BUSINESS DAY, 4 Dec 86) 97

- e -
Inventions Corporation Aiming at Advancement of Technology

(BUSINESS DAY, 26 Nov 86) .._ gg

Grinaker Electronics' Research, Development Praised

(ARMED FORCES, Nov 86) 100

Building Industry Difficulties Discussed

(David Furlonger; BUSINESS DAY, 5 Dec 86) ...... 102

Briefs

Development of Software Recommended 104

Water Scheme in Eastern Cape JQA

Escom To Accelerate Rural Electrification 104

Geophysics Benefiting From DP 105

Japan's Elmo Replaces Kodak 105

Country Ahead on Security 105

Local Enzymes Company Formed 105

Smallest IBM Launched 106

Gencor Buys Computer System 106

Pretoria Technikon Gets CBE Laboratory i06

/7310

- f -
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

NORWAY'S POSITIVE MEASURES TO AID SADCC REGION NOTED

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 28 Nov 86 p 29

[Text]

IN ORDER to help Sadcc countries weather the effects of economic sanctions against South

Africa, the Norwegian government plans to give the region

financial assistance worth more

than $200 million from its proposed 1987 fiscal budget.

According to a statement from the

Norwegian embassy.;« Harare, this

aid is part of "positive measures"

in the form of humanitarian assistance to the region. In addition,

victims of apartheid in South Africa will receive more than $22 million from the budget.

"The government intends to increase this form of assistance in the

time to come," said the statement.

Norway also tabled a bill on economic sanctions against South Africa last week. The statement said that

the bill was introduced "in view of

the further deterioration of the situation in South Africa."

The bill (no 14/1986/87) seeks to

among things, ban the transportation of crude oil to South Africa and

Namibia on Norwegian ships, ban

any form of investment and transfer of patent and production rights,

and the promotion of tourism to

South Africa or Namibia.

"The purpose ofthe proposed bill

ts further to contribute to international pressure on South Africa to

abolish apartheid. The Norwegian

government sees an economic boycott of South Africa and Namibia as

one of several instruments to this

end," said the statement.

"Norway, however, also attaches

great importance to positive measures in the form of humanitarian assistance to the black population in

South Africa and Namibia and to the

neighbouring countries. The

government intends to increase this

form of assistance in the time to

come.

"In the government's proposed

budget for 1987, the assistance to

the victims of apartheid is more than

NOK 100 million (about $22m) and

to the Sadcc region more than NOK

900 million (about $200m)."

Norway also adopted a draft resolution on November 10 on an embargo against the sale and transport

of oil to South Africa, and calls for

the setting up of a United Nations

"mechanism" to monitor oil transports to South Africa.

The statement added that Norway

"will continue her work in order to

achieve the adoption of new measures against South Africa by the UN

General Assembly and the Security Council."

/9274

CSO: 3400/633
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

COMMENTATOR NOTES URGENCY OF BEIRA REHABILITATION PROGRAM

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 3 Dec 86 p 10

[Commentary by Allister Sparks by "My View" column]

I TextJ jn a scene 0f incongruous contrast

with the general state of this stagnant city, bulldozers and grabcranes were thundering away on

overtime in the harbour here last

Sunday.

They are engaged in a crash programme to rehabilitate the rundown port of Beira and the 290 km

road, rail and oil-pipeline corridor

that connects it to Zimbabwe.

There is an urgency about the

task because if South Africa closes

its borders to its black neighbours in

an act of retaliatory sanctions, as

some African leaders expect, the

Beira corridor will become a crucial alternative lifeline for the landlocked Frontline states of Zimbabwe, Zambia and Botswana.

It has the potential capacity to

get them out of trouble. In colonial

days, Beira handled nearly all of

Rhodesia's trade. But 23 years of

guerilla war, the precipitate departure of the entire Portuguese population after independence in 1975

and the collapse of the Mozambique

economy as a result of the ruling

Frelimo party's failed Marxist policies have reduced the corridor to a

barely functional degeneracy.

The bulldozers and the grabcranes are trying to rectify that before the sanctions war begins in

earnest. It is a R625 million rehabilitation programme financed by

Dutch, Swedish and some American

aid. Phase one will be completed by

March, doubling the corridor's present handling capacity to 2 million

tons a year.

Phase two, which will take another three years, will deepen the

harbour to take big container ships,

add new wharfs and install cold

storage, grain and sugar loading facilities.

That wHl bring the corridor's capacity up to 3,5 million tons - and,

with the Tazara line to Dar es Salaam, free the Frontline states of

their dependence on South Africa.

That is the theory. In practice, the

state of this comatose city, surrounded and paralysed by the MNR

guerillas, poses a huge question

mark over the project's viability.

The guerillas harass the corridor

constantly, derailing trains, ambushing vehicles and blowing up the

pipeline. Beira itself is a city of

300 000 people with no electricity,

water, telephones, food or goods in

the shops.

The one working hotel, the Dom

Carlos, offers only a bed and a

bucket of water carried up to your

room in the dark. There are no

taxis, few buses and the handful of

rattletrap cars are rationed to 10

litres of petrol a week.

The city has been without electricity for 168 days this year. The

black-out has been constant since

August 25 when the MNR blew up 64

pylons leading from the Revue

hydro-electric station 150 km to the

west. Repair teams have been ambushed and prevented from reconnecting the supply.

It means that the port and the

vital pipeline on which Zimbabwe is

dependent for all its gasoline requirements are both operating on

auxiliary power.
I drove down the corridor last

week to get a sense of its viability. I

found the men on the spot, who

must make it work in practice, to be

more sceptical than the planners in

Harare. Most felt it was essential

for the Government in Maputo to

try to reach a negotiated settlement

with the MNR.

But with the widespread assumption that the MNR is Pretoria's

proxy force, there is strong resistance to negotiating with it both

here and in Zimbabwe.

Instead, there is a stepped-up effort to achieve a military solution.

Zimbabwe has pushed in several

thousand more troops in the past

few days, increasing its commitment to 10 000 or 12 000 men.

They ride the trains and supply

trucks and they patrol the road on

foot and in armoured personnel carriers. They appear to be in bunkered

positions about every kilometre

along the pipeline.

The well-trained and smartly

turned-out Zimbabweans offer a

measure of reassurance to the traveller running this uncomfortable

gauntlet. But clearly it is a chancy

business despite them.

"It's a risk, sure. In there you can

die anytime," the driver of the supply truck who gave me a lift remarked as we approached the border.

"But don't worry," he added comfortingly, "I've been through many

times. The thing to do is to drive at

speed, then if you* run into ah ambush you are through before they

can touch you. We know the danger

spots and we go faster there."

He slammed the Toyota pick-up

through its gears, swore at a slow

driver as he roared past, and

grinned as the two army escorts

were thrown about on the back. His

name was Canaan Qwenzi, aged 29,

a ball of cheerful energy who earns

a 50 percent bonus on his salary in

danger money and is clearly in his

element.

Later, I was to travel with a

white man named Dan de Bliquy,

who is superintendent of the pipeline pumping station at Beira. At 63,

Dan is a veteran of the Rhodesian

war and he has an opposite theory

about how best to run this gauntlet.

He refused to carry an armed

guard. "All they do is make you a

prize target," he grunted. And he insisted on driving slowly, seldom topping 70 km/h whereas Canaan had

raced along at 140.

"You must be able to control the

vehicle and see everything in the

bush around you," Dan insisted.

"And you must avoid the potholes.

That's the easiest place to put a

landmine."

We passed one landmine crater

on the way where a truck was

blown up a few days before. Dan

inched past it at 10 km/h. "Sometimes they put several in the same

place," he explained.

These conflicting theories seemed

to me about as arbitrary as the assessments of the corridor itself. For

my part, I inclined to the Canaanite

thesis, if only on the mathematical

calculation that the less time spent

on the road the less time one is at

risk.

As for the corridor, it is quite

clear from what I saw and from discussions in Harare that the Zimbabwe Government is committed to

keeping it open, and I have no doubt

that with its superior troops it is

able to do so.

But, though the MNR guerillas

are poorly trained, I doubt whether

Zimbabwe has the resources to

eliminate them. Anti-guerilla warfare is just too demanding in terms

of manpower, costs and time, as Mr

Robert Mugabe's own forces demonstrated not so long ago.

So the sabotage is likely to continue, limiting the efficiency and increasing the costs of this alternative

lifeline.

/9274

CSO: 3400/633
ANGOLA

RAPPROCHEMENT WITH PORTUGAL SEEN PROBABLE

Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 15 Nov 86 pp 31R-32R

[Article by Rui Ramos]

[Excerpts] After 11 years of independence for the People's Republic of

Angola, a new chapter may be beginning in relations between Luanda and Lisbon.

There is currently an obvious thaw in their long-drawn-out dispute, which has

been kept alive practically all this time by irreconcilable views on

activities by UNITA in Portugal.

At least that is the opinion of several observers in the Angolan capital, who

have been attaching great importance to a number of events pointing to an

opening-up in the direction, finally, of closer relations between the two

countries.

Incidentally, and significantly, it is the Angolan ambassador to Lisbon who is

emphasizing the new steps toward that rapprochement. "The doors are wide open

on Angola's side," said Joao Mawete Baptista at a press conference marking the

11th anniversary of Angola's independence, and he explained that it was now up

to Portugal to "clearly define its policy of interests."

That change in the Angolan diplomat's tone needs to be emphasized, since he

has been noted until now for his "excessive preoccupation" with controlling

activities by UNITA members based in Portugal to the detriment of the intended

relaxation between Luanda and Lisbon. That attitude reportedly earned him an

admonition" from President Jose Eduardo dos Santos himself at the recent

plenary ^meeting of Angolan ambassadors. This new emphasis in Joao Mawete

Baptista's way of speaking is obviously linked to an event that would have

been unthinkable even recently: the formulation of an invitation from Mario

Soares to his Angolan counterpart to make an official visit to Portugal. That

visit will probably take place in April or May of 1987.

Invitation at "Ideal Moment"

The emotional climate in Maputo probably helped considerably, and the feeling

in Angolan circles is, in fact, that the Portuguese president chose "the ideal

moment for his invitation at a time when the PS [Socialist Party] seemed to
be moving away from closer relations with the MPLA in favor of Cavaco Silva's

party! Nor are certain personal sympathies on Mario Soares' part being

forgotten.

Favorable Winds

Portugal, whose actions on the African continent most often have no strategy

behind them, now seems to be winning points as far as Angola is concerned, all

the more since favorable winds are blowing from Luanda. This can be seen in

the visits to South Korea, Brazil, and especially Portugal by Minister of

State Pedro Van Dunem, who is also minister of energy and petroleum and a

strenuous defender of a complete opening-up to capitalist countries.

There is a reason for Pedro Van Dunem's choice. The last time UNITA sabotaged

the power stations supplying Luanda with energy, it was a Portuguese finnACTA-which began working day and night to the amazement of Angolans and

C

C

ubanS:

hlwho £me mere soWors. And the Portuguese worked so e ficient y

that the serious damage was repaired within a few days. That earned them

great prestige among the Angolan authorities, so much so that they are now

considered »model cooperants." And that image incidentally benefits

Portuguese workers in Angola as a group, some of whom occupy key posts, as

happens when it is necessary to repair the frequent breakdowns in Luanda s

electricity network that are reponsible for the almost constant power outages.

That and other factors, along with the erosion in Eastern cooperation-now

considered "negative" by the Luanda government—may lead to real growth in

trade between Angola and Portugal once Jose Eduarde dos Santos' Pragmatic

policy has stabilized. According to a high Angolan official close to the

president of the People's Republic of Angola, the Hungarian advisers stationed

in Luanda are playing a preponderant role in changing the MPLA s foreign

economic policy and supporting the view that the "natural alliance with the

USSR is compatible with an opening-up to the West. In Luanda s jargon, this

is what is described as "financing socialism with capitalism.

Theses in Confrontation

It is a strategy which may bring Angola the foreign investment it so badly

needs now that foreign exchange earnings are at their lowest level and

powerful SONANGOL—the state-owned National Angolan Fuel Company—is under the

control of a reorganization committee that is looking into management errors

and possible instances of corruption.

But other sources say that that "presidential line" is encountering strong

animosity, almost always veiled, on the part of other groups represented in

the MPLA's leadership. The name mentioned before all others is that ot

Roberto de Almeida, secretary for the ideological sphere and the man in charge

of all information. He is the leader of what Is called "black nationalism

(which is not a form of "negritude" but genuine "black identity" [ negrismo ],

somewhat in the style of Duvalier)-a "debasement of negritude s theses,

according to some Angolan intellectuals, which has "prevailed tragically over

the multiracial theses of "Creole identity" that have been defended since the
struggle for independence by Viriato da Cruz and the Pinto de Andrade

brothers, among others, and which has resulted in the various manifestations

of tribalism and racism both inside and outside the MPLA.

Also expressing itself, discreetly and without much energy, is the so-called

Algerian group, which consists of a few mestizos not represented in the MPLA's

leadership. This third wing, whose contours are poorly defined, may be headed

by Henrique Santos "Onambwe," currently minister of energy and once the

powerful chief of operations for DISA (the state security organization),

although there is also mention of Colonel Iko Carreira, who, ironically, has

just been appointed ambassador to Algeria.

In addition to those internal disagreements, the MPLA is currently confronted

with other forces which either are hostile to it or are working to bring about

greater internal tranquillity. They include the powerful Catholic Church,

which has not wearied of calling for an end to the war and for reconciliation,

and a movement in public opinion calling itself "independent democracy." It

is responsible for the clandestine circulation of photocopies of the foreign

press and, in the words of one of its members, "struggles alongside Catholics

for peace, the multiparty system, balanced economic development, and respect

for human rights in our country."

11798

CSO: 3542/22
ANGOLA

BRIEFS

MALAWI EXPLAINS PLANE INCIDENT—The aircraft taking Angola's defence minxster

to a frontline states defence ministers» meeting in Dar es Salaam last week

was ordered out of Malawi airspace because the pilot had not given full details of the plane or of its occupants, the Malawi High Commissioner to

Zimbabwe said this week. Press reports this week said that on November 18

an Angolan plane carrying the country's defence minister, Mr Pedro Maria Tonha,

from Luanda to Dar es Salaam, received orders from the Malawi authorities to

turn back. The Malawi High Commissioner in Harare, Mr Linneus Kauta Msiska,

this week told the GAZETTE! "The issue is that this aircraft indeed flew

into Malawi, and arrived at Mchinji at about 1645 hours on Tuesday,

November 18. "The pilot of the plane contacted our tower at the Kamuzu International Airport, Lilongwe, asking if he could overfly Malawi airspace and

gave his name as Jehlan Topoliam. "He simply requested permission to overfly the airspace» he did not even disclose who he was carrying, and merely

said he was flying an Angolan plane. "Naturally, in terms of international

civil aviation procedure, he was not granted permission. This plane then

flew into Lusaka and the Angolan ambassador there approached my colleague in

Lusaka. After the explanation was given, a follow-up request to overfly

Malawi was made, and this was granted for November 20. This was too late

for the Angolans, and they flew into Dar es Salaam using other routes, said

Mr Msiska. The Zimbabwe Minister of State (Security), Mr Emmerson

Mnangagwa, was this week quoted as saying the Malawi High Commissioner would

be called to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to explain the incident. ITextJ

[Harare- THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 28 Nov 86 p 3] /9274

CSOi 3400/654
BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

MAUN-NATA ROAD UPGRADE PROJECT.-The African Development Bank is expected to

finance the BP 40 million ($21.2 million) project to upgrade the Maun-Nata

road. Final agreement with the Works & Communications Ministry is expected

by April 1987, Work will involve bitumenising the 304-kilometre gravel road,

and detailed designs are being done by the local office of the UK's Ove Arup

& Partners under a 12,month contract awarded in June 1986. Once the final

design is submitted in mid.1987, it is hoped to issue tenders in time for con.

struction to start by the end of the year. The ministry hopes that work on a

tarred road linking the hinterland of Selebi^Phikwe with the south will also

have started by end-1987. The project, known as the Tuli block roads, is

costed at some BP 14.5 million ($7.7 million) and forms part of plans to

diversify the Selebi^Phikwe area away from dependence on copper-nickel mining.

Several alternative routes south have been suggested, and a final choice will

form part of January discussions with the World Bank, which is considering

funding the project (AED 13.9-86, Botswana Business Feature, page 26) The

bank has already agreed to provide $7.6 million in technical assistance towards

other aspects of the diversification plans focusing on provision of consultancy services for a multi-sectoral promotional unit, including industrial

and irrigation development, housing and infrastructure improvement. [Text]

[London AED in English 8-14 Nov 86 p 26] /9274

PRESIDENTIAL PLANE PURCHASE PINNED.-The government is considering purchasing a

presidential plane, Presidential Affairs Minister Ponatshego Kedikilwe told

the House of Chiefs on 3 November. Discussions have been held with several

manufacturers but a decision has yet to be reached, he said. President

Masire presently uses a plane chartered from South Africa, a situation which

House Chief Seepapitso described as "very embarrassing." [Text] [London AED

xn English 8-14 Nov 86 p 26] /9274

EEC FUNDS WATER PROJECTS.^The EEC has agreed to provide BP6 million ($3 2

million) for water related projects. The funds will be used to buy pumps and

drilling equipment and for hiring water engineers and other specialists.

[Text] [Lo-ndon AED in English 8-14 Nov 86 p 26] /9274

ZIMBABWEAN REFUGEES REPATRIATED~The seventh group of Zimbabwean refugees

returned home on 31 October from Dukwe camp in Botswana, bringing the total

repatriated to 780. However, about 3,800 are still in Dukwe. [Text] [London

AED xn English 8-14 Nov 86 p 26] /9274
BILL ON IDENTITY CARDS—A11 Batswana aged over 16 and all expatriates residing in the country for more than six months will have to carry identity

cards if a bill due to be presented to the National Assembly in November

becomes law. The move reflects growing government concern with security in

the wake of South Africa's attacks over the last year, and growing incidence of cross border incursions by its troops. The National Registration

Bill provides for an identity card which will be valid for 10 years. [TextJ

[London AED in English 8-14 Nov 86 p 26] /9274

CSO! 3400/634
GUINEA

PRESIDENT OUTLINES POLICIES IN INDEPENDENCE DAY SPEECH

Conakry HOROYA in French 2 Oct 86 pp 1, 2

[Text] People of Guinea: For 28 years, we have borne the responsibility of

our sovereignty and you are aware of the different stages of our history. It

was with confidence in our future that we chose independence in 1958 This

victory should be seen as a mere start. After more than a quarter of a century

of needless diversions, we have been face-to-face with our future since

April j, 1984. At the present stage, the development of our country on a

foundation of responsibility and democracy is our common will.

Appraising our Efforts

From that point, each anniversary becomes an opportunity to take stock of our

efforts. Today, I invite each citizen to cast an honest look at the road

traveled, to measure the span of what remains to be done. For their part

and in your name, the CMRN [Military Committee for National Redressment] and

the government have led the country into the difficult battle to right the

nation. I have not failed to make evident the sacrifices required by our

undertaking. Accordingly, reforms have been initiated toward the ends of

restoring order to our economy and competence to our administration. These

reforms, undertaken in the interest of all, will bear fruit only if our efforts

are united at all levels. At the beginning of this year, the reform of our

monetary and banking system made it possible to stabilize our currency and

eliminate black market exchange rates. In order to provide the state with an

efficient and dynamic administration, administrative reform is being pursued.

I can assure you that it will continue despite the obstacles. All of these

reforms haye one purpose, one end: the socio-economic development of Guinea,

to n^f ^ i

nstitutions being created and the men charged with leading them

to perform their functions, the government has proposed a decentralization

program. This program, approved by the rural community, runs against the

interests of certain offieials. Men and women of Guinea, we cannot promise

useful change without dismantling the structures that have caused us to lag

ttlTtn^t CwP propof

d in these ref° s is imperative. Either we accept

this route to better our future, or we vegetate, standing in place. Decentralization, or more simply the governing of our country in solidarity, involves

I

C1^Zens in *he construction program. Decentralized communities are the

means the state has chosen to effect and oversee economic development from

the grass-roots level. Already, our rural populations are designing and

carrying out micro-projects.

10
The People's Trust

These populations have trust in our proposals. They are not always encouraged

to do so by men who confuse the state with their personal points of view, their

selfish interests. To give responsibility to the people is to give them a

share of the power to manage and control. It is to teach them not to expect

everything from the state. I explained this at length at the recent administration conference. We are still the only state in Africa where everything is

expected from the state. This must change. Once we agree to reduce the

excessive number of civil servants, we must understand and make our young

people understand that not every graduate is destined for the civil service.

However, it is normal for the state to select those it will train, within the

limits of its means and needs. As in the private sector, the law of supply

and demand is essential in the selection of men. The state is not abandoning

anyone; it encourages free choice within free enterprise. The government not

only has the employment issue to deal with; it has the broader one of development. It has defined its priorities. The first of these is to enable our

people to feed themselves.

Agricultural Projects

Thus, agricultural projects are underway around the country. Among them, I

will mention.

—the integrated development project for Haute Guinee. Focusing on food crops

and cotton, it extends over the prefectures of Kankan, Siguiri, Kerouane and

Mandiana.

—The Rice Board of Siguiri has permitted the development of more than 5,000

hectares on the banks of the Niger which are gradually being made available

to the citizens of this prefecture.

—A similar project in the area of farmer assistance is underway in Gueckedou.

—An agreement signed on 1 September will allow for a seed production center

to be created in our country. Concurrently, it will permit the development

of 3,000 hectares of land in Kakossa and 1,000 in Sonfonia.

I will not mention the small projects undertaken here and there to improve the

living conditions of the rural populations. In the other sectors of development,

notably in Public Works, Housing and Telecommunications, useful measures have

been taken toward more efficient activity. Everything cannot be as it should

be in 2 years of management. The state is not a simple machine.

The Drive of Change

Already in many sectors, the drive of change is felt. However, it must be

remembered that success will come from none other than ourselves. Trust in our

11
decisions and recognition of national interest as foremost will be the only

guarantee of our success. I watch over and will continue to watch over the

protection of our liberties. Efforts are being made every day, although in

the area of security and justice, not all is on target. It is difficult to

impose social justice in Guinea knowing that only yesterday, men were being

turned against each other. It will be a lengthy task, but the government will

see to it.

A Strong and United Guinea

We will build a strong and united Guinea. We must know that it is wrong to

divide the children of one people. Guinea belongs to all Guineans. Together,

we will succeed; divided, we can only fail. I will not support one ethnic

group against another. I believe two men may be different in conscience and

in devotion to their work, but in no other way. The fraternal peoples of

Africa and the friendly peoples of the world who cooperate with us, will help

us, I am sure, to bring about and defend this necessary unity. We are not and

will not be the unquestioning supporters of any nation. No one knows better

than ourselves what we need for our country. We are ready for cooperation

with all nations, with mutual respect and understanding. On this occasion,

in the name of the Guinean people, I express sincere thanks to all the countries

helping us. Indeed, despite the difficult economic situation in the world

today, several countries are supporting our recovery efforts. Our constant

solidarity and support go to the brave peoples of South Africa and Palestine

in their fight against injustice. Men and women of Guinea, independence without

work is a myth. I again invite you today to consolidate our national unity

and to perform your work on the sole basis of our country's interests. These

are the conditions for Guinea to be equal to the hopes she raised on 2 October

1958. Vive la Republique!

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12
GUINEA

RURAL DEVELOPMENT MINISTER VISITS PEKING, PYONGYANG

Conakry HOROYA in French 17 Sep 86 p 5

[Text] The minister of rural development, Major Alhousseyne Fofana, returned

on Sunday, 7 September, from a 10-day mission to Peking and Pyongyang.

In Peking, he had discussions with Messrs He Rang, minister of agriculture,

animal husbandry and fishery, and Xiang Chang Chong, vice minister, before

touring the agricultural achievements of Peking, Shanghai and Nanking.

It emerged from these discussions that the Chinese government will make rice

seedlings available to Guinea for 3 years beginning in 1987, to enable it to

meet a part of its needs while its own network of seed cultivation centers is

being established.

The Chinese government has also decided to send a delegation of technicians in

November 1987 to take stock of previous projects, in particular, the sugar

complex at Koba (SUKOBA), the popular learning centers in Bamban (Kindia) and

Yatiya (Faranah) and the development of the Kaback plains (Forecariah) toward

the end of evaluating new projects.

Chinese technical assistance will also involve six prefectures. The two

parties have also decided to create centers for seed cultivation and fish

breeding as well as joint companies to cultivate rice and corn in Guinee

Maritime and cotton in Koundara.

Concerning projects being negotiated or under way, the two parties decided to

create a joint fishing company and a Chinese-Guinean-Moroccan company to

operate the tea processing center in Macenta.

The Pyongyang Visit

In Pyongyang, the Guinean delegation had discussions with Mrs Kim Pok-sin,

vice premier of the Korean government. It was then received by President Kim

Il-song who expressed the readiness of the Korean government to assist Guinea

in the agricultural sector and spoke of the need to introduce and generalize

the use of green manure on Guinean farms.

13
A draft agreement was signed on 1 September, eoineiding with the fifth anniversarv

KliL:, ' <„

GUinea °f the "" n

-

S

°^ Ce

Kilissi, Kindia. "« ** Agronomies Research at"

n^^KOre^ !°Vernmef

has decided to send a technical mission to Conakry

next month to see where this center's work stands and to evaluate new proiects'

The Korean party has decided to build an agronomics institute in Sonfonia to

accommodate experts from West African countries, and small hydro-electro

centers at the village level. AGP [Guinean Press Agency]. electric

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14
GUINEA

AID FROM FRANCE'S CENTRAL FUND THROUGH JULY, 1986

Conakry HOROYA in French 21 Sep 86 p 3

TTextl The director of France's Central Fund for Economic Cooperation in

Guinea, Mr Guy Lecamus, made public his report on the f

e

*fVf ^hf^1986

the decisionmaking bodies of the Central Fund during the first 7 months of 1986.

These credits add up to a fairly large sum: 299.45 million French francs,

or the equivalent of 15 billion Guinean francs, and, in addition, a second

refinancing agreement of 50 million francs for private sector development

which is to be formulated at a later date.

It is stated in Mr Guy Lecamus' report that credits to Guinea experienced

exceptional growth in the 1985 fiscal year (523.9 million French francs, against

581 million from 1979 to 1984). This placed Guinea first among the recipients

of assistance from the Central Fund.

The assistance thus authorized has as its primary objectives the development

of agricultural, industrial and service sector output. It is also planned to

reinforce the transportation infrastructure.

Here are the features of the assistance authorized for the first 7 months of

1986 by the fund:

SOGETRAG (Phase 2): 30.75 million French francs. This is to finance the

second investment phase at SOGETRAG [Guinea General Transport Company] —buses,

workshops, training, technical assistance — with a view to the opening of a

second line in the Belle-Vue direction.

Improvement of Air Safety: 13.7 million French francs. The project provides

in particular for the reconditioning of the control tower to permit the

installation of new equipment, the modernization of approach ways, and the

construction of a fence around the airport.

Development of Livestock Raising: 40 million French francs. The Guinean

government has decided to implement a modernization and development project

for the livestock sector which should make possible an increase of 75 to 95

percent respectively in meat and milk production in the next 20 years. This

4-year project provides in particular for the improved functioning of the

15
Livestock Services, the development of the private sector and of livestockraiser associations, and the creation of a training center at Lake. The FAC

;^d^iC??Pef

atl0n Fund]'IDA [International Development Association] and

the BADEA [Arab Bank for African Economic Development] are co-financing this

project. &

Planting of Rubber Trees and Oil Palms: 140 million French francs. This

program involves the first phase (October 1986-December 1989) of a program of

rubber tree and oil palm plantation in the forest region of Guinea The 9-

year project involves 10,000 hectares of commercial plantations and 3 000

hectares of village plantations. It will contribute to the diversification

ot exports and toward meeting national needs for glycerides. It will also

constitute an important center of regional development under the decentralization policy.

Financing of Small Businesses and the Private Sector: 45 million French francs

bv the JjS? rr

a

V

r

^

ed

^ A* 45-

million-franc credit is to permit refinancing

by_the BCRG [Central Bank of the Republic of Guinea] of credits granted to

Guinean banks to fund the informal private sector and small- and medium-sized

businesses in all sectors of the economy. This line of credit will also affect

re-training for civil servants. Concurrently, the Central Fund will sign a

refinancing agreement with the BCRG on credits to be made available to the

private sector as commitments arise, up to a limit of 50 million francs. These

MoTnf rSTfT WP

inV°1Ve ±n Particular the restructuring and modernize- tion of the industrial sector.

Financial Restructuring of FRIGUIA: 30 million French francs. The bauxite

and alumina sector is currently experiencing difficulties related to low

international prices. The Guinean government and private FRIGUIA shareholders

have reached an agreement to restructure the company financially. The loan

from the Central Fund will facilitate this process.

12413/12851

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16
GUINEA

HEALTH MINISTER WARNS AGAINST ILLEGAL SALE OF MEDICINES

Conakry HOROYA in French 2 Oct 86 p 2

[Text] To all Prefects of the Republic:

It is my duty to call attention to the chaos that reigns with the illegal

sale of medicines in the public marketplaces of our country. This state of

affairs is highly detrimental to the health of our people, as anything and

everything is being sold, under any conditions, and at any price.

Moreover, we have come to observe that many centers providing infirmary care,

licensed by the Ministry of Health, have been illegally converted into private

sales outlets for medicines.

We take this opportunity to remind the prefectural authorities that these _

practices are strictly forbidden by the laws in force in the Republic of Guinea.

We remind the prefectural authorities that only the public and private pharmacies

that have been licensed by the Ministry of Health are authorized to sell

medicines from dispensaries established for this purpose.

We invite the prefectural authorities at all levels to take the necessary

energetic measures in order to put an end to these fraudulent practices of

illegally selling medicines to the detriment of the health of our citizens.

The particular case of Macenta has caught our attention and we invite the

authorities of that prefecture to shield their citizens from this practice, as

the traffickers there are selling large doses of medicinal solutions (glucose

and physiological saline) at up to 7,000 Guinean francs for a 500-milliliter

bottle.

Finally, we invite the citizens to assist authorities at all levels in the

protection of their health, as appropriate pharmaceutical facilities are in the

process of being established, to the greater good of our population.

The minister of health and social affairs knows that he can rely on the

cooperation of the authorities at all levels of the prefectures and on the

citizens for the steps they will take in order to safeguard the health of our

people.

The Minister, Dr Mamadou Pathe Diallo.

12413/12851 17

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LIBERIA

UPP ISSUES POLICY STATEMENT ON ECONOMY

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 28 Nov 86 pp 1-2

[Text] The newly certificated opposition United People's Party (UPP), yesterday made its first major policy statement on the Liberian economy/expresslng support for government's present fiscal policies, while suggesting

a radical streamlining of government bureaucracy.

In a prepared statement read at a crowded news conference held in Monrovia

yesterday, the party which said it has been engaged in "efforts carefully

calculated to contribute to the political stabilization process being pursued by President Doe," expressed support for the introduction of the muchcriticized $5.00 coin which it said "has been and continues to be the saviour

which redeemed the country from being reduced to an anomaly in economic

science) a country in which no money can be found."

Reading the statement, the party's chairman and Senatorial aspirant for

Montserrado County, Mr G. Baccus Matthews, said although the coin could not

be perceived as "a permanent feature in the economic life of the Liberian

people," it should be maintained as "a temporary buffer saving us until such

a time when our export earnings would have increased, thereby affording us

greater access to the U.S. dollar."

The statement which recommended the minting "with all deliberate speed, about

$20 million worth of small denomination (change) coins whose infusion should

entail a concurrent withdrawal of an equal amount of the $5.00 coin from

circulation," however said there should be no minting of additional $5.00

coins nor any printing of Liberian notes to increase the supply of Liberian

coins in the system.

The statement, which many observers termed as one of the most constructive

criticisms to be offered by an opposition party, however spoke out against

what it termed "extensive duplication of functions and overlapping responsibilities" in government bureaucracy, and called for the "amalgamation of

agencies with related functions."

It also recommended that government "embark on a redeployment of labour to

the private sector without entailing a loss of income to those who might be

affected,"

/9274

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18
LIBERIA

CHINA AGREES TO WIDEN COOPERATION

Monrovis NEW LIBERIAN in English 25 Nov 86 pp 1, 4

rText] China and Liberia have agreed to widen the cooperation in the agricultural and technical fields, as well as to undertake joint light industrial

projects.

According to a Liberian Foreign Ministry release, the agreement was reached

recently during talks between Liberian Foreign Minister J. Bernard Blamo, and

his Chinese counterpart Wu Xueqian in Peking, China.

Foreign Minister Wu who hosted a dinner in honour of his visiting colleague,

is also reported to have commended the Liberian Leader, President Samuel K.

Doe, for keeping his promise to return Liberia to democratic civilian rule.

Mr Wu who noted that the progress Liberia is making under the leadership of

President Doe, hoped that Liberia and China would continue to work together

to promote peace and understanding in the world.

Responding to Minister Wu's warm sentiments, Dr Blamo lauded the Chinese

government for the leading role it has been playing in championing important

world causes. He also praised the Chinese leadership for what he termed as

"the phenomenal strides it is making" in the modernization of the country.

He then expressed gratitude to the Chinese government and people for the assistance and support they are giving to Liberia's development.

/9274

CSOs 3400/610

19
LIBERIA

NEW NATIONAL PLANNING STRATEGY DESIGNED

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 24 Nov 86 pp 1, 6

[Article by Joseph Teh]

[Text] A new set of guidelines spelling out procedures by which data can be

effectively gathered for regional planning, has been designed at the Ministry

of Planning and Economic Affairs,

According to the senior advisor to the Bureau of Regional Planning Ms

Brigitte Ruppenthal, the process involves the formation of guidelines by which

information can be gathered and compiled for County and Center Profiles.

A County Profile is a description or inventory of conditions in the county

that influence development, while the Center Profile refers to an inventory

of facilities available at the time the planning is being effected.

Mrs Ruppenthal, a German regional planner and an engineer, is currently serving in the country as senior advisor to the Bureau of Regional Planning

under the German-Liberian technical assistance agreement.

She pointed out in an interview with this paper that the barrier to regional

planning here was the lack of "better materials" to work with, which has as

its collary the lack of knowledge on how to tackle the task of regional planBut she was quick to add that they were working towards establishing better

working materials.

When the guidelines are completed, an "elaborate" county and center profiles

would have been compiled. This process will ultimately lead to the drafting

of an original regional development plans.

She said however these guidelines are subject to revision, "depending on the

existing conditions" that would dictate what plan should be made to meet the

needs of the people.

The regional planning program established in recent years through a German

technical assistance, involves the coordination of all sectors planning to

cover the development needs of the nation.

20
Under phase I of the project which expires in August of 1987, the bureau is to

set up "better and fundamental" working materials for regional planning purposes and define its terms of reference.

An additional funding of one million German Marks was made available recently

to the Liberian Government through the Planning Ministry to keep the project

moving until 1988.

According to Planning sources, the goal of the project is to improve the

social conditions of the country through proper planning.

With the advisory services of Ms Ruppenthal, the bureau will use one county

as a model for regional planning to expand development throughout the nation.

/9274

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21
LIBERIA

LIBERIA SHIPPING CORPORATION REACTIVATED

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 27 Nov 86p 1

[Text] The Government of Liberia has issued Executive Order Number Five activating the Liberia Shipping Corporation,

The order which was recently signed into law by President Samuel Kanyon Doe,

was established in June 1975 by an act of the National Legislature under

chapter 56 of the "New Executive Law".

According to an Executive Mansion release, the newly activated Liberia

Shipping Corporation is empowered to centralize and consolidate all of

Liberia s national and international shipping activities and operations.

Under the order, the Liberia Shipping Corporation will represent government

in all negotiations in connection with government's participation in shipping.

It will also establish, maintain, and operate shipping lines as well as represent government in all international shipping conferences.

The Liberia Shipping Corporation will finance government participation in

shipping companies, and has the right to any shipping interest it acquired.

Members of the board of directors of the corporation are to be appointed

shortly by the President Doe, the release added,

/9274

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22
LIBERIA

LACK OF FUNDS PROMPTS EARLY CLOSURE OF UNIVERSITY

Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 25 Nov 86 pp 1, 6

[Article by Joe Mulbah]

TTextl The failure of the authorities of the University of Liberia (UL) to

Sum! classes for the second semester has been attributed to the unavailability of funds to ply salaries of teachers and to make available Igglstics for

operations.

The president of the student government of the university, Mr Samuel K Woods

II told the Daily Observer yesterday that at a recent meeting with UL P"si11«* Dr Joseph G Morris, and some senior UL staff, they were informed by the

UL authorities tnat"there are many extended variables responsible for the

current closure of the university."

Mr Woods said the major issue now is the payment of arrears of salaries of

UL employees! which is, according to his information, largely the responsible

ity of the national government.

He used the occasion to appeal to government to do all it can to look into the

problem by providing the necessary funds to speed up the payment of salaries

to ensure that the normal academic year continues.

When the office of Dr Morris was contacted for comments, the Daily Observer

Ss referred to the Director of University Relations, Mr Roland Murcolor.

Mr Murcolor informed this paper that the UL administ«tion has had a

8

«J^£

meetings on the re-opening of the university for the second semester, but has

not reached any decision,

ooI,0, „vorher there would be any commencement for this year, the UL RelaSonsDirect sfid: "Ptö no., administration has not taken a,y decision regarding the premises." He did not elaborate.

According to the academic 1986-87 UL calendar, second semester classesY"* **"

pected to resume November 17, 1986 and the annual commencement convocation was

expected to be held on April 22, 1987.

/9274

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23
LIBERIA

MAJOR ROAD RECONDITIONING BEGINS IN NIMBA COUNTY

Monrovia DAILY STAR in English 24 Nov 86 pp 8, 7

[Article by Tana Wolokolie]

[Text] Encouraging reports reaching this paper reveals that the Nimba County

Rural Development Project (NCRDP), has begun the reconditioning and reconstruction of farm-to-market roads in the county.

Due to the bad road conditions in the county, Dr Fred Goericke, NCRDP Proiect

over

r

$7n5m°r'

d±SCl°Sed that his rehabilitation project will cost the NCRDP

i^ated""1116 Saclepea~

Bahn road estimated at $12,000, has already been rehabilAnother 32 miles road connecting Toweh Town and Sarley is being rehabilitated.

Dr Goericke said the Towehplay to Bonplay road is expected to be completed in

December, and will reach the Ganta-Harper Highway, while the Toweh TownSarley road will connect Sawolo in Nimba county.

Speaking to reporters in his NCRDP office in Monrovia last Friday, Dr Goericke

Sa^ v.at ^ther Smaller r

°

ads ln the project area w111 be constructed through- out Nimba County, 6

Following Dr Goericke's return from West Germany recently, he told newsmen

that the roads in Nimba County were "very bad" and disclosed plans to recondition them.

He promised to do everything possible to rehabilitate all roads in Nimba County

for the easier transportation of farmers.

At the time, the NCRDP boss disclosed that priority would be given to maior

secondary and feeder roads in the county.

/9274

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24
LIBERIA

BRIEFS

FUNDS ALLOCATED UNDER DOE'S LOAN SCHEME—President Samuel Kanyon Doe has

presented twelve checks totalling $72,800.00 (Seventy-Two Thousand Eight

Hundred Dollars) to the first group of applicants who have been qualified

to benefit from the loan scheme under the Liberian Business Development Fund

established bv government to enable Liberian Businessmen and Women to fully

Participate in £e National Economy. According to Press Secretary Patrick E.

Kugmeh, Dr Doe presented the checks to eleven of the twelve successful applicants at a ceremony held at the National Investment Commission yesterday.

Speaking during the ceremony, Dr Doe reminded the beneficiaries that the success of the loan scheme depended on their ability to repay the loan. [Excerpt]

[Monrovia THE MIRROR in English 28 Nov 86 p 1] /9274

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25
MADAGASCAR

BRIEFS

PARIS CLUB RESCHEDULES DEBT-A11 principal and interest on official debt

falling due between April 1986 and December 1987 was rescheduled at a successful Paris Club meeting on 27 October. The amounts involved are underm?n T J?,?V?'8

^

11011 ($89'8 mlllion>f

°* 1986 and SDR 99.2 million ($120.6 million) in 1987. The debt has been rescheduled over 10 years, with

tnl^TT ill *' Fina?

cial sources sa

y that, if similar agreements can be

abl^otl <rSK

e

i

n blOClArab and Private credit°rs, Madagascar should be able to close its balance of payments gap by the end of 1987, The gap was

estimated at about $240 million for the two years after the end-April consultative group meeting with donors, which raised $600 million to support the

country s economic reform programme (AED 3:5:86). The Paris Club reschedul-

^«r ^ ST?" payments filing due on all loans contracted before 1 July

1983-~also follows the IMF's recent approval of a SDR 30 million ($36.3 million) standby facility (AED 20:9:86). The main source of disappointment to

the madagascar authorities was that no new ground was broken on the moratorium

it was seeking on interest payments. It had hoped that some progress with

leading creditors including France would be made at the meeting, but conces-

^Za°

n

"

6reSt Payfnt Wil1 n

°

W be SUbject to further bilateral negotiations. Madagascar's request for a multi-annual rescheduling to be supervised by the

IMF-to give it a better planning horizon-was also turned down, although

this was less surprising as the club has only once conceded such terms for

S^fff? f

untr

y« Cote d'lvoire. With the rescheduling agreement in place,

aid officials are optimistic about achieving the government's target of 3 perl

cent economic growth in 1987 and possibly being able to lift some import re-

?£vC°?r ?°Ugh thlu

Wil1 depend °n a sustai*ed improvement in agriculture. They caution, however, that the "big bulge" will occur in 1988, when external

debt service obligations will be swollen by the principal that starts to fall

due from that date. [Text] [London AED in English 1-7 Nov 86 p 6] /9274

trrr*T*GRMTED ***** LOAN-.France's Caisse Centrale de Cooperation Economique

.Till f

appfved/ ?R 49

-

7 miHl°* ($3.9 million) loan to Air Mauritius to

" vu

a

^

rcraf fc ten&r and workshop complex at Plaisance international

airport, The loan, agreed in mid-October, is repayable over 15 years, with

tive years grace. The most costly part of the FF 36 million ($5.5 million)

scheme is the supply by France's Sofralog of FF 25 million ($3.8 million)

worth of special steel frame designed to make the buildings cyclone-resistant.

Fellow French firm Rouvre has an FF 8 million ($1.2 million) order for

equipment, while Mauritius» General Construction Company will handle the civil

26
works The 70 x 30-metre hangar and two workshops-which each measure 34

xlo metresiwill be inaugurated at the end of November. The complex will

be used to maintain Air Mauritius' new 46-seater ATR 42 aircraftdue to be

delivered by France's Aerospatiale at the same time. Some 85 percent of

the MR 135 million ($10.5 million) cost was also financed by CCCE, [Text]

[London AED in English 1-7 Nov 86 pp 6, 7] /9274

mirAR SALE TO INDIA—Mauritius is negotiating to sell its first, 40,000-

fnnl consignment of sugar to India. Agriculturefishing, ^ronment

Minister Madun Dulloo is quoted as saying by Port Louis daily L Express.

Seychelles is also discussing a possible three-year supply agreement the

dallv adds The proposed deals are part of moves to try and lessen Mauritius

daily adds ineprp already cut Mauritius' export quota

Homr , So^nnes^fr^-thelate 1970s high of 100,000 tonnes A further

reduction to 13,000 tonnes in 1987 is thought to be on the cards. A Proposal

recently before'the US Senate,-known as the Helms -endment--would have cut

Mauritius' quota even further, to 60 tonnes (see MARKET REPORT). llextj

[London AED in English 1-7 Nov 86 p 7] /9274

/9274

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27
SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

FERROCHROME JOINT-VENTURE PLANNED—The government is seriously studying the

possibility of setting up a joint-venture ferrochrome operation, official

sources close to the project have confirmed to AED. They deny London press

reports that talks were being held with a former director of South Africa's

SA Manganese Amcor (Samancor), Discussions have, in fact, been under way

for the past two years with West German mining interests, the sources add.

A feasibility study and tests on ore available regionally, notably from

Zimbabwe, have been completed and a new round of talks is due to begin in

mid-November, The project should be a major undertaking in the context of

Swaziland's economy. Amongst issues still to be decided arec the type of

plant involved, funding and the method of generating the additional power

capacity needed, the sources say. No immediate decision is expected, "but

it is a major investment we are nursing carefully," they add. [Text]

[London AED in English 8-14 Nov 86 p 26] /9274

SANCTIONS BENEFITING COUNTRY—Mbabane—Swazi Commerce, Industry and Tourism

Minister Derek von Wissel says economic sanctions against SA are benefiting

Swaziland's investment climate. Von Wissel told a productivity workshop at

the Royal Swazi Sun convention centre that many investors pulling out of SA

were now coming to Swaziland, This was because of the country's "excellent

tax and other incentives," as well as its record of political stability,

harmonious labour relations and its available workforce. Another factor

that drew investors to Swaziland was that English was one of the two official

languages, which was vitally important to the business and commercial world.

[Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 26 Nov 86 p 2] /9274

CSO. 3400/654

28
ZAMBIA

CENTRAL BANK ANNOUNCES TIGHTENING OF MONETARY POLICY

London AED in English 8 Nov 86 p 27

[Text]

BANKotZambia (BOZ-central bank) has

announced a tightening ofmonetarypolicy in

an attemptto curb credit and arrest the

kwacha's slide againstthe dollar on the

foreign exchange auction.

Ina3 Novemberstatement, the bank said

its lending rate to commercial banks had

been increased by 5per centto 30 per cent

with immediate effect. Minimum reserve

requirements against demand and time

depositliabilities ofcommercial banks are

also being raised by 5 percent-to 25 per

cent and 17per centrespectively—effective

10 days afterthe measure is gazetted.

In addition, bidders on the foreign

exchange auction mustnow deposit 30 per

centofthe bid's value in advance. The

deposits, which will attractno interest, will be

refundable three days afterthe relevant

auction for unsuccessful bidders, and

90 days forsuccessful ones. The measure

was introduced atthe 56th auction on

1 November. .

The statement gives some protection to

the key agricultural sectorfrom the

anticipated spiralling commercial bank

rates, by saying thatthe preferential lending

rate to farmers would remain—with the

maximum rate not exceeding

1 % percentage points above the treasury

billrate Would-be holiday makers can also

take heartfrom BOZ's parallel decision to lift

the suspension on the foreign exchange

holiday allowance, announced in mid-year.

In its preamble to the statement, BOZsaid

the measures were a result ofgovernment's

"great concern aboutthe rapid and

continuing depreciation ofthe kwacha

againstthe dollar atthe auction." After

holding in the $1 = ZK 5.5-6.5 range

between late July and mid-September, the

kwacha has since dropped steadily—in the

four auctions between 11 October and

1 Novemberinclusive, it fell by almost 40 per

cent, to$1 = ZK 11.51 from ZK 8.30.

This decline "had been partly due to

excess liquidity in the economy which has

been exerting pressure on the exchange

rate," BOZ says. Local financial circles say

that although finalfigures are unavailable, all

signs are that growth ofmoneysupply in the

second halfof 1986 has more than exceeded

BOZ's 10-15 per centtarget—withthe result

thatits annual20-25 per centtarget will also

be overshot. . With government's net borrowing from the

banking sector declining in recentmonths,

much ofthe surplus liquidity has been taken

up by the private sector, they add. The latest

monthly figure, forJuly, shows a decline of

ZK 204million ($19.8 million) in net bank

creditto government and an increase of

ZK73.6 million ($7.1 million) in net creditto

the private sector.

Some sources say this has enabled a lot of

speculative bidding, particularly since the

30 Septemberremoval ofthe overdraft

ceiling on auction bids (AED 4:10:86). They

pointto the steady widening in recent weeks

ofthe bid range—with the 1 November

auction showing the widest variation yetof

between $1 = ZK6.0-ZK 12.5.

The measures to curb credit, which are

being reinforced by BOZ's attempts to

persuade non-bank money into the treasury

bill market—recently adjusted to make

longermaturities more attractive—are

considered to have been agreedin

discussion with the IMFdelegation, which

arrived in Lusaka on 26 October(AED

1:11:86).

"They are the kind ofmeasures both the

IMFand key donors like the World Bank

would like the governmentto take,"one

Washington financial source told AED. "They

agree a lotofthe recent heavy demand on

the auction has been speculative and the

measures are a means ofcutting it back," he

added.

The fund is also likely to have been

pushing for a tightening of creditto put

29
money supply growth back on target, as part

ofmoves to unblock the second tranche of

the SDR 298.6million ($358.5million)

package agreed in February. Otherproblem

areas under discussion at the Lusaka talks—

due to end on 5 November— were the

government's administrative changes to the

auction introduced in July and its growing

arrears on repurchases—$99 million on

31 October, according to Lusaka sources.

Finance & National Commission for

DevelopmentPlanning Minister Basil Kabwe

confirmed afterthe team's arrival that the

IMF is concerned about whatitterms

"manipulation" ofthe auction. Measures

such as making tax clearance certificates a

pre-condition ofbidding have done wonders

forgovernmentrevenue—with tax

commissioner Lazarus Bwalya saying in

mid-Octoberthat 75 per centof 1986

estimated tax revenue ofZK 525 million

($50.9 million) had already been collected—

butthe IMFreportedly views the measures

as contrary to the government's undertaking

to run a "clean auction." There is also a

feeling thatmanipulating the auction to

control the number ofbidders has in itself

encouraged speculation against the

kwacha, by undermining confidence in the

system's future.

Given the government's need to getthe

IMFpackage functioning again—releasing

foreign exchange andpreparing the way for

the Pans Club meeting due by March 1987

—many observers expect the IMFvisitto be

followed by some modification ofthe July

administrative changes. Suggestions

include requiring bidders to provide

evidence oftaxpaymentperhaps twice a

year, instead ofateach auction as at

present.

Observers saypressure on the

government to agree with IMFdemands is

/9274

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exacerbated by the need to increase the

amountofforeign exchange channelled

through the auction. "Without this, curbs on

credit will do little more than send the bank

rate through the ceiling," one Lusaka

financial source says. "They will do little to

supportthe kwacha orrestore bidders'

confidence in the auction system, which is

the key."

The recentcollapse ofthe kwacha has

been associated with a markedreduction in

the amountofforeign exchange made

available for bidding—with the last two

auctions having only $5.5 million up forsale,

compared with $9 million in mid-year—and

byreports that governmenthas had

insufficient funds available to coverpast

successful bids (AED 1:11:86).

Kabwe, in the week ending 1 November,

blamed the recentshortage directly on

donors, which he said had been deliberately

delaying disbursementofforeign exchange

pledged to the auction because they feltit

was being manipulated. Donors contacted

byAED have generally denied this, although

one admitted "there may have been some

slowing as donors reassessed the situation."

Even ifthe governmentagrees to reduce

auction manipulation, observers say donors

will need to do more thanjustrestore auction

funds to earlierlevels; there will have to be a

substantial increase ifthe kwacha is to be

broughtdown to the $1 = ZK7.5thatthe

IMFhadpredictedforthe endof 1986.

There are also strongpoliticalreasons for

the government wanting to see the kwacha's

depreciation rate slowed. PresidentKaunda

on 2 Novembersaid: "The IMFprogramme

is worsening people's lives, andthereisa

limitto whatpeople willendure"(AED

18:10:86, page4). In a reference to possible

riots overliving costs, he warned "we have to

make sure itdoes nothappen here."

30
ZAMBIA

CANADIAN AGENCY TO HELP AT AUCTIONS

London AED in English 22 Nov 86 p 13

[Text] Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) is working on a

$Can 20 million ($14.4 million) project to provide quick-disbursing grant

funds through the foreign exchange auctions. This will enable Zambian importers to avoid the usual disadvantages of putting up kwacha in advance

and waiting nine weeks for the foreign exchange, CIDA officials told AED.

CIDA disburses aid outside the auction as its aid agreements were signed before the auction's introduction in October 1985, Under existing arrangements, CIDA provides funds for Zambian imports which are purchased at the

auction rate in local currency and Canadian suppliers are paid in Canadian

dollars. Zambian importers can get relatively soft terms, with a 10 percent deposit on the order, a 40 percent payment once goods are loaded on

ship, and the balance paid three months after delivery.

This scheme-which CIDA will try to adapt for the auction—saves importers

not only the inconvenience of waiting for foreign exchange to pay for imports

but, more importantly, also the cost of borrowing kwacha for long periods

during transactions,

CIDA which has come under heavy pressure from other donors to disburse via

the auction, is still working on the scheme. Final arrangements have not yet

been worked out, but could involve lining up Zambian buyers and Canadian suppliers in advance through a Canadian purchasing agent. A CIDA representative

is discussing the proposals with Zambian officials in Lusaka, the sources say.

Meanwhile, CIDA has just agreed a $Can 4.5 million ($3.2 million) grant to

buy Canadian wheat, for delivery to Zambia in February 1987, under the agency s

food aid programme. The wheat will be blended with local produce, milled for

flour and sold locally. The local currency proceeds will be used to finance

other Zambian CIDA projects.

Other CIDA projects now under way are the $Can 5 million ($3.6 million) postconstruction maintenance project for fishery feeder roads in northern Luapala

province, used for freighting fish to the Copperbelt, and the development of

a rainfed wheat strain.

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31
ZAMBIA

MOBIL TO EXPLORE BLOCK CONCESSION IN LUANGWA VALLEY

London AED in English 22 Nov 86 p 13

[Text] Mobil Oil Exploration Zambia—newly set-up subsidiary of the US'

Mobil CorporatioR~-has reached agreement with the government on taking the

37,170-msquare-kilometre block B concession in the Luangwa valley, sources

close to the deal have confirmed. Details will be made available after the

official signing ceremony on 25 November,

Block B is the third of four blocks to be taken up since the concessions went

??n ^ntender ^i985 (AED 8t3,86? 15!2;865 23,11:85). An agreement on the

140,000»square-kilometre block D—part of the Barotse basin in the southwest—

is expected to be made next year, In the meantime, the government plans to

upgrade geological and geophysical data "so as to attract would-be investors."

Work on blocks A and C^taken up by the US' Placid Oil Company in Marchappears to be progressing well. Placid's Zambia manager John Hughes has reiterated the company's earlier statements that there is high potential for

discovering oil in the two areas. He also assured the government that exploration would not be affected by the parent company's financial crisis.

The latter is said to owe over $1,500 million to creditors, who are expected

to call in part of the corporation's assets soon. Placid's block A concession covers 30,618 square kilometres in the northeast, extending towards the

Tanzanian and Malawi borders. Block C where May studies indicated the possibility of oil, covers 45,927 square kilometres between Livingstone and

Lusaka (AED 31?5;86).

/9274

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32
ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

SUGAR PRODUCTION RECORD-«-Sugar Company showed record pre-tax profits of

ZK22.6 million ($2.7 million) in the year ended March 1986, the Lusaka daily

Times of Zambia reports. With 1.2 million tonnes of cane milled, production

was also at record levels. Sales were 129,286 tonnes—an increase of 18 percent on the previous year. Exports doubled to 15,540 tonnes, with sales to

Rwanda, Burundi, Zaire and Tanzania, However, stockpiling is now a financial

burden, the report says, and the company is 1-oking for further profitable

markets for its surplus. Transport and distribution costs were an additional

burden having almost tripled to ZK 13.3 million ($1.6 million) from ZK 4.8

million ($579,000). [Text] [London AED in English 8-14 Nov 86 p 26] /9274

COOPERATION WITH INDIAN AGRICULTURAL FIRM—Local Universal Products has a

10-year agreement with India's Jayhind Agrico to set up a ZK 10 million

($969,000) agricultural implement plant in Lusaka. Under the agreement,

signed in India in October, Jayhind will provide equipment for the plant as

well as technical assistance for installation and operation. Universal

Products is responsible for funding construction of the factory and providing working capital. It will have a 70 percent shareholding in the plant,

with Jayhind taking the remainder. At the end of the 10-year agreement,

Universal Products will remit funds to Jayhind in India to cover its capital

investment costs. [Text] [London AED in English 8-14 Nov 86 pp 26, 27]

/9274

MAGNESIUM PLANT PROJECT—Japan International Co-operation Agency (JICA) and

Minex—also of Japan—have signed an agreement with Indeco to start final

feasibility studies for setting up a fused magnesium plant, Lusaka sources

say. The project aims to use large wide-spread local phosphate depositsdiscovered during a study by JICA in 1984—to produce about 50,000 tonnes

of phosphate fertiliser a year, so helping to cut fertiliser imports. If

the final study recommends going ahead with the project, Japanese firms will

be invited to set up the plant. [Text] [London AED in English 22 Nov 86

p 14] /9274

CSOJ 3400/636

33
ZIMBABWE

NORWAY, FRG GIVE AID FOR VARIOUS PROJECTS

Harare THE HERALD in English 6 Dec 86 p 1

[Text]

NORWAY yesterday gave Zimbabwe $18 million for the

family health project which

emphasises family planning

and better health..-- and.the

Federal Republic of Germany

and Zimbabwe exchanged notes

concerning the commitment of

$20 million of aid to five projects.

The acting Secretary for

finance, Economic Planning

and Development, Cde Ndudzo,

signed for Zimbabwe while the

twp Charge d'Affalres, Mr

Haakon HJelde of Norway and

Mr Bussman of the FRG» algaed for their countries.

The FRG aid covered five

projects!

• $4,4 million for equipment

for the National Vocational

Training and Development

Centre In Harare with another

$3,5 million for personnel and.

advisors.

• $830 000 for a trade fair

specialist to assist the Zimbabwe International Trade Fair

in Bulawayo. •»

• $7,1 million for the agricultural and rural development

programme in the Gutu area to

help communal farmers;

• The export promotion pro«

gramme was extended for three

more years to help boost Zimbabwean exports to Europe;

• $24 million for the family

health project.

This project, which the Norwegian aid was also earmarked towards, is designed to boost

health facilities and lower

population growth rates within the context of the Five Year

National Development Plan

from the present 2,84 percent

a year. *

This slowing of population

growth would, said Cde Ndudzo, improve living standards

and enhance the quality of life

for mother and child. '

*oßBrit»,n has alre*<Jy »iven *AS million toward the project,

the Netherlands has given $3,35

million and the World Bank

has lent $16,5 million which

can be reduced If other donors

give more in/ grants, which Cde

Ndudzo hoped they would.

/9274

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34
ZIMBABWE

SWEDEN USING ONLY BEIRA PORT FOR INPORTS

Harare THE HERALD (Business) in English 11 Dec 86 p 1

[Article by Andrew Rusinga]

[Text]

AT.T. imports into Zimbabwe financed by Swedish

aid money are now being

shipped only through Beira, Sweden's ambassador

to Zimbabwe, Mr Lars

Norberg, said this weeK.

The October 2 decision

by Sweden to move away

from South African ports

and transport routes signals further support by

Stockholm for the rehabilitation of the Belra

Corridor trade route.

The Scandinavian

country is one of the major backers of the Belra

project.

At the international

donors meeting held in

Belgium in October, Sweden pledged TJS*26,25

million for various development projects on the

corridor.

Some of the projects

Include the provision of

navigational-aids, container handling equipment

and vehicles. Sweden will

also provide money for

road and rail rehabilitation programmes and for

basic services in Beira,

including' electricity supply. \

Last week Mr Nörberg

and the head of the Development Co-operation office at the Swedish embassy, Mr Torsten Johansson, drove to Belra to

see the progress being

made in revamping the

strategic trade route. He

last visited Bedna last

year.

"1 observed that road

traffic between Machipanda border post and Beira has increased over last

year," the ambassador

said.

"To a limited extent,

the road has Improved

but it still needs thorough

rehabilitation."

He noted that transport

capacity on both ways

was not fully utilised and

there seemed to be more

traffic travelling to Belra

than coming from there

to Zimbabwe.

Mr Johansson said

there was more activity

in the villages along the

line to Belra this year

than last year, with more

people in the villages.

/9274

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35
CHROME DEAL IN PIPELINE WITH JAPANESE IMPORTERS

Harare THE HERALD (Business) in English 11 Dec 86 p 1

[Article by David Masunda]

ZIMBABWE

[Text]

JAPAN'S Mitsui and. Co.

Ltd, which handles

the bulk of sales of Zimbabwean ferro-chrome in

Japan, expects the

business to grow to about

?60 million a year within

the next three years,

Japan currently buys

about 30 percent cf

Zimbabwe's entire output of high ana low carbon ferro-chrome through

the Minerals Marketing

Corporation of Zimbabwe,

Mltsui's assistant general manager at the

Harare office, Mr Klyomi

Taniuchi, this week told

Business Herald that

Zimbabwe's exports of

l'erro-chrome t0 Japan

were now worth about

$50 million a year. About

70 percent of these sales

are handled by Mltsui's

local office.

The office hoped to increase Its purchase of

high and low carbon

ferro-chrome and ferro

silicon chrome from Zlmb a b w e — currently

standing at about 50 000

tonnes every year — to

60 000 tonnes in the next

three years.

Mitsui, with an annual

turnover of more than

$200 billion, has been

b u v i n g Zimbabwean

minerals since independence.

Said Mr Taniuchi:

"Japan is interested in increasing ferro-chrome

imports from Zimbabwe

but this would, depend

largely on the Japanese

stainless steel production

levels and also on the

market situation."

Although Japan produces both high and low

carbon ferro-chrome, its

production costs are much

higher than those in Zimbabwe. This makes it

much more expensive for

that country's steel industry to buy at home

than to shop on the world

market.

Also, as ferro-chrome

prices are determined in

US currency it is cheaper

for Japan whose yen Is

stronger than the dollar,

to buy on the world

market.

Mitsui, one of the

largest Japanese trading

houses has also since independence been buying

petallte (litium ore) from

B'kita Minerals through

MMCZ and nickel from

Bindura Nickel Corporation.

The "sogo shosha"

(Japanese term for trading house) recently

secured a contract to

supply Zimbabwe with

completely knocked

down (ckd)' kits of

the executive Toyota

Cresslda car. About 100

such units came ana were

assembled for the NonAligned Movement conference.

/9274

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36
ZIMBABWE

ARMY MORALE GETS BOOST FROM UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Harare THE HERALD in English 28 Nov 86 p 1

[Text] University of Zimbabwe students yesterday gave more than $6,000 to

the Zimbabwe National Army forces guarding the pipeline in Mozambique.

The 6,332.63 would be used to buy Christmas gifts for the forces. The money

was presented to the director of army public relations, Lt Col Herbert Mahlaba

by the president of the UZ students union, Cde Innocent Kadungure.

"Our gift is a sign of support, love and understanding for the efforts and

sacrifices our brothers are making for Zimbabwe's sake (guarding the pipeline)," said Cde Kadungure.

He lashed out at "reactionary elements" who have criticised the guarding of

the pipeline by Zimbabwean forces,

"These same people would start complaining if they wake up tomorrow to hear

that there is no petrol because the pipeline has been blown up, he said.

Receiving the money, Cee Mahlaba told the student representatives: "You are

the cream of our youth and there are certain actions you have taken in the

recent past that do not augur well with the cream of a nation,

"A generation that has grown up intellectually must grow up morally or perish.

I will not have done my duty if I received this $6,332,63 gift from the students

body of the University of Zimbabwe without counselling you as a representative

of your elder brother whose duty it is to ensure that you sleep in peace and

not in pieces,

"I am talking here about the wanton destruction of property. Need you be re.

minded that the property, whether it may carry some foreign labels, xs part ot

our Zimbabwe heritage. Now look at what you have done. You have come up in

support of your forces afield,"

The students' donation, said Lt Col Mahlaba, clearly indicated that they were

revolutionaries "totally committed to the full emancipation of our people m

this sub.region,"

The students raised the money by forfeiting their lunch and through fund-raising discos. The assistant to the UZ Vice-Chancellor, Dr Ngoni Chideya and

the Dean of Students, Cde Ranga Zinyemba, were among those who witnessed the

presentation,

/9274 37

CSOt 3400/659
ZIMBABWE

MABIKA SAYS POLICE SUPPORT UNIT BEATING BANDIT MENACE

Harare THE HERALD in English 12 Dec 86 pp 1, 9

[Text]

THE Police Support Unit,

working closely with other

security forces, is beating

the bandit menace, the

Deputy Commissioner

(Operations), Ode Goüwin

Mabika, said in Harare

yesterday.

Addressing senior officers at the Support Unit

headquarters, he said

border patrols to check

Pretoria's threat would

have to be Intensified aad

to make the festive season

"less hazardous" road«

blocks would be frequent

but flexible.

Ode Mabika also said ;

that Zambian police had

been asked by Zimbabwe

to help fight poachers and

a meeting had been held

in Harare at the request

of the Zambians to coordinate anti-poachlng and

general Iborder securitv

activities.

Testendiay's meeting at

the Support Unit headquarters, attended by

about 45 senior office»

from aW over the country,

is an annual event ta re*

view the performance of

the unit during the course

of the year and: discuss

problems.

Attnong' the most senior '

officers present at th#

two-day meeting wert»

the Assistant Commisr

sloner and Officer Commanding Matabeleland

South Cde George Kundeya, and the Assistant

Commissioner and deputy

commanding officer, Cde

Mike jNgwabi.

Representatives from'

the army, the police in»

telligence and security

and the Central Intelligence Organisation are

attending as observers.

Among issues being

discussed are operations,

administration, welfare,

personnel, transport, accommodation, annual inspection, discipline ana

promotion.

There will also be a

briefing by troop commanders and heads of departments.

The paramilitary Support Unit allows the police to handle more serious problems such as

banditry and poaching-.

Its members are better

known bv their nickname

"Black Boots". The rest

of the police wear brown

boots.

Addressing the officers,

Cde Mabika said the

security forces, including

the Support Unit, had had

great success in the fight

against bandits, adding:

"We seem to be on top

of the bandit menace."

However, the light

against bandits would

continue until the menace

had been completely eliminated. Bandits were

stalling the development

of the country, destroying

all that had been achieved

by the people since independence.

"When it comes to the

bandits, we say there is

no compromise. We will

hunt them down until we

are sure that the menace

has been eliminated," said

Cde Mabika.

On the South African

threat, he said the border

area would have to ba

closely monitored and

patrols intensified.

Calling on the officers

to develop a thorough

understanding of events

in the region, Cde Mabika

said: "When it comes to

the peace and security of

Zimbabwe, we must be

prepared to sacrifice. Wo

must defend Zimbabwe

from the aggressor,

wherever he is coming

from."

On poachers, he said

the discussions with the

Zambians "went very

well" and the two sides

had agreed on measures

to destroy the menace.

The Zambians. had been

told how poachers were

using ordinary people to

do the job. Some were

still poaching undetected

while others had been

killed by game rangers or

arrested and brought to

court.

The Zambian police

officers had visited those

in jail and talked to them.

"Prom the information

they got and what we

told them, it would appear that, if their law

allows it, they are going

to conduct their own investigations and perhaps

inform us of their findings," said Cde Mabika.

On those who get killed while poaching, he

said: "We told the Zambians that when we

shoot, we do not do so

because we see a Zambian, but we are shooting at the poacher, who

later turns out to be a

Zambian."

He added: "We will

continue doing our job

and it is only by knocking the poacher hard

that we will break this

menace."

On the fight against

road carnage, he said:

"During this festive season we will tolerate no

nonsense. Road blocks

will be manned at all

times but are not going

to be static because we

do not want potential

offenders to know where

we are at any given

time."

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38
ZIMBABWE

AUXILIARIES GRADUATE AS MINISTERIAL GUARDS

Harare THE HERALD in English 12 Dec 86 p 4

[Text]

MORE than 100 former members of the Police Auxiliary Branch

yesterday graduated to become ministerial guards at a pass-out parade

at Tomlinson Depot

Harare

The new graduates will

continue their duties of guarding Government

ministers, judges, embassies, basics, 'guest houses

and Government buildings.

The training, which

lasted for seven months,

Included law and order,

footdrill, weapon handling

and first aid*

Speaking after reviewing the parade. Assistant

Commissioner, Hilario Zireva said police officers

cannot enforce the law

properly if they do not

know what their duties

are in relation to the law.

"People are protected

by the law and police

should not be seen to

violate the rules or break

the law that they are

supposed to be the guardians of. They must not

take the law into their

own hands."

He said cleanliness and

respect were important

because they inspired confidence in the membersi of

the public. If police officers are disciplined, it

ibaccmes easy to build a

good relationship with the .

public which will in turn

lead to a joint effort In

combating crime.

Urging the new

graduates to be efficient,

the assistant commissioner

said ministers and judges

that they will be guarding

will entrust their security

to their guards.

"It is proper that your

sklMs of weapon handling

be of the highest order in

terms of the type of

weapons that you will toe

required to carry on you

during your performance.

Knowledge of first aid is

of vital importance," he

said.

/9274

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39
ZIMBABWE

ZISCO TO BE PTA METALLURGICAL TECHNOLOGY CENTER

Harare THE HERALD in English 28 Nov 86 p 1

[Article by Lynda Loxton]

[Text]

EXPERTS from ths

Soviet Union are expected

to visit Zimbabwe early

next year to help establish a PTA. metallurgical

technology centre at

Zisoosteel.

This was one of the

points to emerge from

the PTA inter-governmental commission of

experts meeting here this

week in preparation for

the weekend Council of

Ministers meeting and

next week's summit of

PTA heads of state and

government.

The centre will undertake research into raw

materials, the adaption

and transfer of technology» standards specifications and will set up a

data bank for iron and

steel industries in the

region.

Ziscosteel will also

play a major role in

training of rolling mill

operators for the region,

with financial and technical support for this project coming from the

United Nations Industrial

Development Organisation (Unido). The first

training course is expected to start next year.

Ziscosteel is already beeowUne a major »uppiller

of *ire rod and' billets

to other PTA countries

and over U*e past year

has signed supply-purchase agreements with

Ethiopia and Kenya.

Ta further promote

intra-PTA trade in steel,

Brazil has provided technical! assistance for an

iron and steel pricing policy study to come up with

a pricing and tariff formula to protect the PTA

market against any dumping by outside countries

that would stifle the development of its own

industries.

India is also providing

technical assistance, this

time to determine the

feasibility of establishing

sponge iron plant» in the

region to supply polling

mills with an alternative

feed to the increasingly

scarce scrap iron that

many, but not Zisco, rely

on.

India, the Commonwealth, the Economic

Commission for Africa

and Unido are also providing the PTA with help'

to upgrade and rehabilitate foundries,, forges and

th6 manufacture of spare

parts for the region»

In the field of spare

parts, fflmbabwe is already making progress in

financing and establishing project*) to make

motor vehicle spare parts

such as shock absorbers,

alternators and windscreen wiper motors.

The PTA experts met

briefly yesterday while

more ministers arrived for

the weekend meeting.

They adopted their final

report on various PTA

activities over the last

year and this report win

toe presented to the council of ministers when it

starts its meeting tomorrow in Ethiopia's Africa

Hall at the Economic

Commission for Africa

headquarters.

/9274

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40
ZIMBABWE

GOVERNMENT ZMDC TAKES OVER KAMATIVI TIN MINES

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 28 Nov 86 p 1

[Text] THE ACQUISITION by the Zimbabwe Mining Development Corporation (ZMDC) of Kamatiyi

Tin Mines - the corporations

first venture into the troubled tin

market - will see efforts being

made to "turn around" the failing fortunes of Kamativi.

The takeover, effective from

November 24, 1986, was announced this week after lengthy discussions between the ZMDC ant!

seller, the Industrial Development

Corporation of Zimbabwe.

ZMDC general manager and

chief executive, Mr M T Wakatama, subsequently confirmed that his

corporation now holds 91,3 % ofthe

shares in Kamativi, the balance being held by "a Canadian family who

have held them for a long time now.

"Our plans for Kamativi are obviously to minimise the impact of.

the crisis in the international tin

market", Mr Wakatamasaid. "We

have to find the scope to turn

Kamativi's present situation around.

It has had problems because of poor

tin prices, but everyone mining tin

is in the same situation".

The bottom dropped out ofthe international tin market with the collapse of the International Tin Council's operations in October last year.

Before that, tin prices had averaged

around £8 500 on the London Metal Exchange. Increased activity in

the "grey market" ensued and

prices plunged in Europe, the Far

East and the US, by up to £2 000

per tonne.

GLOOMY

Tin entered 1986 with "gloomy

fundamentals", according to Standard Chartered Bank, and prices fell

drastically. At the beginning ofthe

year, Zimbabwe!s Minerals Marketing Corporation told the Gazette

that the country was havmg to sell

its tin by private sale — at prices

substantially below those obtained

before October, 1985.

By the middle of this year, freemarket prices had fallen to around

£3 600 per tonne. According to

Standard Chartered, in the third

quarter sterling weakness helped

edge prices up slightly. The bank

reported, that creditors holding tin

stocks as collateral were in no hurry to dispose of it, preferring to

await some improvement in prices.

ZMDC's Mr Wakatama confirmed that Kamativi Mines "is our

one and only tin undertaking". The

move brings another 1 200 workers

under the corporation's umbrella.

79274

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41
ZIMBABWE

COST-OF-LIVING INCREASES HIT LOWER INCOME FAMILIES

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 28 Nov 86 p 2

[Text] THE COST of living went up

by 9% for the higher-income

urban families, and by 12%

for the lower income urban

families, in the first ten

months of 1986.

According to the latest

consumer price index, released

this week by the Central

Statistical Office, vehicle

expenses for the higher-income

urban families increased by

12%, foodstuffs by 11%, and

household stores by 9,2%,

between January and October

this year.

Prices of clothing and

footwear increased by 8,2%,

while rent and rate costs

increased by 7%. Drink and

tobacco prices and domestic

workers' wages went up by 4%

and 2,1% respectively.

Miscellaneous expenses

increased by 11%.

The main contributors to the

net 9% increase were prices of

sauces, potatoes, fresh

vegetables, fresh fruits,

orange drink, clothing,

furniture, carpets, radios and

televisions, stoves, softfurnishing, car spares,

repairs, and medicines.

Water rates, refuse

collection, and owner rates

increased in Bulawayo.

However, onions and frozen

vegetables dropped in price.

For the lower-income urban

families, prices of all items, net

of sales tax and excise duty,

increased by 12%, with

foodstuffs showing the biggest

increase of 10,5%..

Clothing and footwear

prices rose by 8,2%, while

rent, fuel, and light costs

increased by 6,5%. Household

stores costs increased by 6,3%,

while prices for drink and

tobacco went up by 6%, and

transport costs by 5,2%.

Miscellaneous expenses

increased by 7,7%.

The main contributors to the

net increase were the prices of

tea, eggs, beef, fish, women's

clothing, infants' clothing,

men's and boys' clothing,

laundry soap, toiletries, and

margarine. However, paraffin

prices dropped.

/9274

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42
WORKERS UNITE TO AID DISPLACED MOZAMBICANS

Harare THE HERALD in English 28 Nov 86 p 15

ZIMBABWE

[Text]

ABOUT ICO workera of

the Ministry of Education, yesterday gave $30n

to the Zilmibabwe-Mozambique Friendship Association to help Mozambicana displaced by South

Africa's destataHIsatlon

campaign.

The workers from the

Curriculum Development

Unit, Zintec, the Audio

Visual Services and the

Non-Formal Education

Unit in the ministry

raised the money by contributing $1 a month

from their salaries in an

exercise that was expected to continue. The workers also gave the friendship association 10 boxes

of clothing.

The money and clothes

were handed over to tlie

patron of Zimofa and Deputy Prime Minister, CdeSimon Muzenda, in Harare yesterday, by the

Chief Education Officer

(curriculum development)

Cde Fay Chung.

Cde Muzenda thanked

the workers for their

"laudible and revoiutiOBary step taken through

your own initiative".

"Our brothers and sis«

tera in Mozambique hava

been victims of the destaMUsatlon policies of South

Africa through its Renamo surrogate which culminated in the recent

death of our much respected and beloved President Samora Machel."

In addition, Mozambique

had suffered the misfortune of natural disasters

in the form of floods and

drought.

He urged all Zimbabweans to show solidarity

with their brothers and

sisters in Mozambique by

making financial and material contributions.

"The example you have

set should be followed by

" every Government department, every private company, trade unions, co-operative, resettlement area,

Zanu (PF) cell, branch,

district and province." he

said.

Cde Muzenda recalled

Mozambique's selfless

contribution to Zimbabwe's liberation struggle.

/9274

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43
ZIMBABWE

MORE DONATIONS FOR MOZAMBIQUE

Harare THE HERALD in English 11 Dec 86 p 4

[Text]

THE Zimbabwe-Mozambique" Friendship Association

received another boost yesterday when 10 children

from the Moslem community, a local departmental

store and the George Shaya J£l football club gave

clothes and money worth $1 300.

In addition to the Zimofa contribution, the workers of the departmental store, Amato and Sons gave

$264 for the defence forces who are guarding the

Beira Corridor. The money was handed over to the

chairman of Zimofa, Lt-Col Clemence Gaza, at a

brief ceremony in Harare.

Lt-Col Gaza thanked the three parties for their

patriotic gesture particularly the small children aged

between four and 12.

He said the gifts would go a long way to

nileviating the problems of the Mozambican people,

adding that Zimbabweans should not be found wanting in their efforts to provide for the Mozambicans.

"It is particularly heartening that children have

also been taught to realise the plight of their

Mozambican counterparts."

And on Tuesday the fund was boosted by J586.50

from workers of Saltrama-Plastex who presented the

cheque to Zanu (PF) Harare provincial treasurer,

(Me Solomon Tawengwa.

At the occasion, the workers' committee chairman of Art Printers, the mother company to Saltrama-Plastex, Cde Clever Patsika, said: "Our struggle

was their struggle, and in this time of need when

they (Mozambicans) are fighting forces of destabilisation, their struggle therefore becomes our struggle."

/9274

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44
ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

VET SCHOOLS COOPERATION—The University of Zimbabwe's faculty of veterinary

science is to benefit from an inter-university co-operation agreement with

Solland's University of Utrecht. Specialist teachers will be attached to UZ

whne UZ's own staff gain experience at Utrecht's extensive veterinary faculty

fsum of 488,000 European currency units (Z$790,560) has been made available to

sponsor the agreement by the European Economic Community, according to the

EEC's local newsletter EUROPEAN COMMUNITY. The agreement came into operation

at the beginning of the year and provides for a two-year programme ofstaff

exchanges between the universities' veterinary-faculties. [Text] [Harare TH*.

FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 28 Nov 86 p 33] 79274

INDIA BOOST FOR FARMING—The Deputy Minister of Lands, Agriculture and

Rural Resettlement, Cde Swithun Mombeshora, on Thursday received agricultural

equipment worth about $50,000 from the Indian High Commissioner to Zimbabwe,

Mr Ranjit Sethi, The equipment made in India, included a radiation survey

meter, a gamma ray radiography survey meter, GM detectors, an Alpha probe,

an SH 644 (scintillation head), a gamma ray spectrometer and a radiation

counting system. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 6 Dec 86 p 5]

/9274

EXTRUSION PLANT ON-STREAM—Aluminium Industries of Harare this week started

the commissioning of their new $3 million copper-alloy drawing and extrusion

plant: which is expected to be very beneficial to the local and regional refrigeration, plumbing and electrical engineering industries in particular.

Following a general shut-down to facilitate power connections to the plant

last week, the company's managing director, Mr Peter Pyle, told the GAZETTE

that although some of the requisite equipment has yet to arrive in the

country, "we are starting commissioning and should be fully operational early

next year." The new venture is part of a large development project begun by

Aluminium Industries earlier this year, after agreement on a turnkey contract

with the Austrian company, Austria Metall AG. The first $3 million represents

erection of the main factory (which with a floor space of 3,000 square metres

is one of the largest in the country), plus establishment of "local infrastructure," according to Mr Pyle. Equipment from Austria includes a 2,000-

tonne extrusion press, three drawing machines and an inert-atmosphere annealing

furnace. Together with the balance of turnkey services provided in the contract (including training), import taxes and customs surcharges, the equipment

will account for another $7.9 million. With an annual capacity of 3,400 tonnes,

the new factory's products will include copper tubing for refrigeration and

plumbing, plus other, solid copper-alloy products for the electrical engineering industry. Marketing of the products by the Austrian company throughout the

PTA is provided for in the contract. [Text] [Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in

English 5 Dec 86 p 7] /9274

45
ITALIAN SCHOLARSHIPS—Middle-erT-arfo 7-» K U

personnel working in tk^fields such asIS teCh?

±Cal "* ^istrative

processing, telecommunications and tran,^ g' "Jf* enS

ineerlng. data

being offered by an ItMll^^^^J^^^J^ scholarships

ing at least 40 scholarships to citizens of Zt7i' *

The C

°

mpany ls offer

~

attend a five-month training course in Lit de*

elopin8 entries wishing to

IRI holds courses which are tailor ^ T '

Startin8on ^nuary 20, 1987.

a country interested in s S J L

SU 'the Particu1^ development of

covered by the scholarship ofieTare ener^' cooperatl°n. Other fields

structure and the agricultural food stuff^S8^

trainin8. steel, infraboard and lodging expenses, and to buy textltT ^,, A

"°nthly allow^e for

accident and health insurance and a return air tiS^ J" f

±Ven

»

lncludi^ Ufe,

must be submitted to the Ministry of Labour M £

ta,e

- ^Plications

fare, Scholarships Section P 0 Box 77n? r

Manpower banning and Social WelFINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 5 Dec 86 p ] %"T' ^^ ^"^ THE

CSO: 3400/659

46
SOUTH AFRICA

INTERNATIONAL CAMPAIGN AGAINST NATION VIEWED

Cape Town DIE BÜRGER in Afrikaans 1 Nov 86 p 12

[Column by Dawie: »If SA Gets the Cards in Its Hands, It Mast Play to Good

Effect"]

rTextl The world's stranglehold on South Africa has recently increa^ by the

d^]It orte? looks Ste a frenzied attack from which there xs no return^

south Africans ask themselves how much worse it can get. Is there a turning

SS Sewh^ef^Can South Africa do anything about it, and how should it

proceed?

The Big Lie

The country's opponents have succeeded in makingJ** ^'*^^^

it is depicted aTso evil that any action against it, no matter how unfair or

illega^^fa^rted. It has become a virtue to curse _ ^^0«^^»

rivSe it the better your chance becomes for a prize in the hereafter. There

Se a lot'orlnlStSi and untruths in these attacks. Flagrant and amoral

SurdiSe^ are'oSmmitted with sanctions, ^ulsion.and °^-f^ South

Africa has reason to feel that in many respecte it is a victrm _

a

^^g*°

of the big lie which is assuming ever more abatable forms. ^ can rightly

hooTthat the truth will ultimately triumph. But at the same time it will

navt toad? itself what other grounds there are that have made such a

worldwide wave against it possible.

Encouraging

in the short term, the slander committed against it by the Mozambican air

«rvHrEnt stands in the foreground. There are elements out to hold up South

S^L^e^erä S IrSident Samora M.chel. Falsehoodswhich don*

have the vaguest connection with reality are being spread. It is a nasty

dilemma for any country to be in, all the more so for South Africa, about

wMch many in the world are willing to believe the worst. Yet there are a lot

of encouraging points that should not be lost sight of.

47
Villainy

S S^f riCa S

t5ankful «a* there is something like a flight recorder

and that it was able to get hold of it first, indeed, the SouthAf3Sn

n^L« s only chance to prove its innocence. One must note that thP

Need

Perhaps a Start

opportunity to start a rectifying campaign about the country.

13084

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48
SOUTH AFRICA

DIVÜIßENCE OF ISRAELI NUCLEAR CAPABILITY SEEN AS DETRIMENTAL

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 7 NOT 86 p 16

[Editorial: "Dangerous Nuclear Dimension"]

[Text] Excitement has arisen in Israel over the disappearance of arilsraeli

«SaaSSSSMfi

Sfto^sKlo ST.» can ,.<*«£ ££J]* Ä<£££%

hold of nuclear weapons themselves. That will especially he tne case wxui

lT^«*S*^u<* imagination to realize the disastrous results of a

nuclear arms race.

&££5TSJ?«Ä law. IB-el is a tiny coun^. «T»1*^

STSscloi'ure," ^ger^ne^ension can bjj-Wd to an alreaoy

inflammable situation, something which can benefit no one.

13084

CSO: 3401/38

49
SOUTH AFRICA

U.S. FOREIGN POLICY BERATED AS 'IMPERIALIST'

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 15 Oct 86 p 4

[Editorial: "America, Oh, America"]

Sy^roL^Ä^ -flisnant.growth on a nation which has

the svüieSntiMnWaSoi »ST^ °

f

-

ltS dlsse?sion

« the civii War and

auttorityÄ^^^estX^^rea^S^rrhy Si TEFL«

AT* ^SoSffoftne^f3^.^ -

2

^Ä2

down sanctions agains?Soutt^^Jlu?^1*-R?

ga?,s attempt to tone

has to be destro/edand L*h S<con,se^tive consensus around Mr Reagan

chinaToS, vSniSS?;^ ^,4f thT

J

?

h

^ depar^t's doings that

Henchmen

Sentf^^^6"

16111' *? f

°

r

^ American henchmen in South Africa to be

£S£^^y2gT&^^ ^

OSe rep-sentati^Msecre? ces last year in London with the big American financial interests,

50
under the chairmanship of Edward Heath. That is where the skulduggery was

2£T«M5I totresulted in the refusal to give South Africa an extension for

Se r^nSfof^eign Sans, followed by the drop of the rand's exchange

Sse aStoeri toe risii^hysteria that sanctions must be applied against South

Africa S^s a recognized technique of imperialists to find an opening among

tterirfi 3i£±t£to other countries and to undermine national sovereignty

SLSer^TneRomSs fastened onto the rich Sadducees among the Jews and

Se BriSsh onto the rich mine bosses of Johannesburg. The Afrikaner people

will have to close their ranks in the struggle for this country - also

agaLs? the Seaway Afrikaners in the coterie of, the _ financiers and

Profiteers. They are the extension of the American imperialists m South

Africa.

Black Government

There can be no doubt that the American State Department, its secretary,

SSe Ihultz and its under secretary for African affairs, Chester^Crocker

are out to have South Africa go the same way as Rhodesia. As a matter of

?act9Henry Kissinger, Jimmy Carter and Crocker himself have already said

aSd toS^want a black government in South Africa. That « ^ *.£** *£

more inconceivable that the South African government permits this ^rialist

vanguard to flagrantly meddle in South Africa's affairs on the Pretext of

instructive interference.« By tolerating this ^erference toe Botha

government has placed South Africa in a colonial ]position vis-a-vis toe

American empire. Shultz and Crocker are are a Joseph Chamberlain and Alfred

SS^TSibtly different form, but the with same ^periali^t gluttony.

Ss? like Chamberlain and Milner, they would «alk over Jodie| ^t their

hands on the treasure of South Africa's mineral wealth. It is disgusting that

Sch pTliticfcan parade as high moral indignation about toe position of

blacks in South Africa.

The United States is a relatively young country in international politics, but

SSougn Se Strigues of toe Stäte Department it is already denstat^ the

unmistakably offensive decadence of a rotting realm - the falseness and toe

^eSiSvKy to toe death of thousands which is being caused by its doings

The whites of South Africa must shake themselves free from any illusion about

toesTWerialists. They have only one interest and that is toe ^fial

interest, in whose path toe Afrikaner people stand as toe nucleus of toe white

race.

13084

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51
SOUTH AFRICA

U.S. REQUEST TO INVESTIGATE HEALTH IN COUNTRY TERMED ARROGANT

Cape Town DIE BÜRGER in Afrikaans 19 Nov 86 p 18

[Editorial: "Such Audacity"]

S^A^tc^f^Zr^i^^^ sametimes reve*ls whenever it meddles with

SfMsA^-al

0niSh7;

^

aS nOW again with Miss Christine ßapcocjc. This American government official has been called upon to come anri

launch an investigation in South Africa on the health conoStiSs anV^LS

STw"* ^^^i^^nt in the national states. TSTs Sng^esS n2£

the information before 1 December. But in the meantime the same^SSe^f£

S SdeS^^lon^? ?

ltS ext^sive sancti°n law of last month. It SÄT«S^^S^Sl^ S

^

S^emenS'b^iSSS.^ <*— * * -olu&oSSs'to get ££

ü£ SS^r0?^3^?UEriy n0t rec°9ni2e «»IB. It will doubtlessly lay

S aSriScIS?l5?!dltaOTB °

n S

°

Uth AfriGa'S domestic P°lic^in °^er to

that M? £Vtl£ 541,

more/!Ver? ^^es against South AfriÄ. No wonder that Mr PUc Botha, minister of foreign affairs, rejected the application for I

Sf domSS a'fSirt^^-S °

f

J

1

*-^' * *» fla£SÄES^i2 Sn^JS affairs of an independent country. That America could hope that

^Jf^J^S^J^i^^"^ Clearly ***** ^realistlc^ 2£

wh^s Scom^of^31^tter.

bY g

S

ing'. f

°

r

^P10'

to Ethiopia to see

13084

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52
SOUTH AFRICA.

GOVERNMENT'S DECISION TO POSTPONE EIECTIONS SCORED

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 8 Oct 86 p 4

[Editorial: "The Election"]

Mr Botha himself who was the source of the P^*1^: ^üfthirfc. it was

that a general election was going to * »»^^^slte OT Wees that

also he who snarled at J^f^flfL^^ffi-S Slehind his ears.»

^ÄSÄÜ Sctot "wS^c^eve?«str^ly to the tore

made the NP give up its plan.

The primary reason for the government's plan for a ^^ff^^ t0 ^e

to refute rightist accusations that it no longer had a ^ndate. The

SSt SÄdement between the HNP and KP was not only Fossile, but

^LT^robabie The qovemment would thus not have been able to count on a

SvSdPSgSä; vo2 STan^ection. Its enthusiasm for a general election

m^S Sve already dimished appreciably earlier, after the outcome of the by- SSüSTüÄ^ *« a swing of more than ^ P«««t« «gBtorea

aaainst it The question must have certainly been asked in high NP cx^fs'

S33S

„tä- has

2M3T!rÄför^^SS^ÄÄ£

tauaht that whenever the government wanted to hold an election

credible reasons for an election. The admission of blacks into politics,

53
for postponing the ew+-i *!L Y

* ^

of the Princlpal reasons

Transvaal ^ Late it FW' £ ^ v' Wf

obviousl

y the position of the

situation where^2 ^anfas ^et ^aSers 5ÄS?* ^""^ in the

be captured by the rightists If L^wf?l the NP seats in Transvaal could

have eliminated toe^^Svfal NP Ä/^ held £ ^ember. That would

leadership race against S £l^def M? Chri^HeunJs1^ ** ?"

necessary for Mir De KLerk tn v^+- ^ x,- • • Heunis- It is urgently

chanced a aTtrJggle f^r ^aderSL r^

lslon <* seats to give him any

Klerk and his Transvaal iTpnSS- l

P> 1Seems very Prc*>able that Mr De

those who waSeo^avS 4 efeSon? ^ ^^ *

n

*

into ** "orks of

^eÄc^^^ conditions for holding a

right is continuing at a mea^S^ S ?; ^fver'

that ^swin^to «*

as the government «S^xSeflS^lS^ *£ ^"»^ ^ accelerate

caught between a failed policv nfSw p-

w

- Botha and his lieutenants are

flaring wave of AfriSme? nfti^naU^" 5? S^ hand ^

a

continually

election will not savTS from^Tilel^6"**' *°St*° * * ^eral

13084

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54
SOUTH AFRICA

HEUNIS SEEN AS POSSIBLE SUCCESSOR TO P.W. BOTHA

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 8 Oct 86 p 16

[Unattributed article: »P.W. Withdraws as Leader in Cape. Heunis Prepares for

Contest Against F.W."]

TTextl The election of the minister of constitutional development and

Planning, Mr Chris Heunis, as Cape leader of the NP has drawn up the battle

lines for the coming leadership election in the NP. Mr Heunis was elected as

leader at the Cape NP Congress in East London after President P.W. Botha

unexpectedly announced that he is withdrawing as Cape leader. There is little

doubt in political circles that Mr Botha relinquished the leadership as a

prelude to a leadership struggle between Mr Heunis and the Transvaal NP

leader, Mr F.W. de Klerk. By now giving up the Cape leadership, Mr Botha is

giving Mr Heunis the opportunity to build his stature among ordinary NP MP s.

The expectation in political circles is that Mr Botha will pull a second

maneuver to firm up Mr Heunis's position: a reshuffling of the cablet and the

appointment of Heunis supporters to influential positions. Recent newspaper

reports have already speculated that the cabinet is probably going to be

reduced in order to bring it into conformity with European cabinets, which are

ouite a bit smaller. Rumors are already making the rounds about the

resignation of several ministers. The names being mentioned prominently in

this connection are those of the minister of manpower, Mr Pietie du Plessis,

and the minister of transport services, Mr Hendrik Schoeman. The resignation

of the minister of agricutural economics and water affairs, Mr Greyling

Wentzel, would not be unexpected either.

Political observers expect that Mr P.W. Botha will resign as president within

the next year. Mr Botha's resignation would very closely coincide with a

general election, which is almost certainly going to be held next^year

Political observers are of the opinion that Mr Botha will still lead the NP m

the election and will step down shortly after the election. But not much

value is attached to a remark by Mr Botha to a newspaper last week that he

will possibly be available for a second term. Informed sources say that a

leadership struggle between Mr Heunis and Mr De Klerk will inevitably have an

lSoS?cal coding, in spite of the fact that Mr De Klerk^as yet.always

stood squarely behind Mr P.W. Botha's policy. Mr De Klerk will doubtlessly be

S^repr^tetive of the more conservative faction in the NP, while Mr Heunis

will try to assemble the leftists around him.

55
öcpecxarion is that the left wing of the NP, the so-called "New Nat«? » „,• 11

throw in their weight behind him, regardless of proSiSScJStlon' If Mr

SnTsLr'o? ?'e^

derSJiP

.

electi°n, it would mean that pe?s^nfa?o'und tS

SSS^Si^S ^

fa3;rS'. "T Pik Botha'wil1 h

°ld prominent posSiTt

A^HI?£^ Political circles are now speculating that the Group Areas

^uä iSL5irfn

rS°re ?POr^nt P°int °f

groups as the leadership struggle gams momentum. nation Mr De KlerkbetwSthfSo mav oerharc n<^

NP^s'mav be?^!^ ^ "* in 0rder to °

olidate W* £SFh£!

2LSL wül revoke n? £j?i VOtt

f

°

r

, ^ ^ ^^ With ^Wning that^r

about the loss of further NP seats.

13084

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56
SOUTH AFRICA

OOIORED POPULATION GROWING FASTER THAN OTHER GROUPS

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 11 Nov 86 p 15

TText] Coloreds were the population group in South Africa which showed the

greatest increase percentage-wise from 1980 to 1985. Their grease of 12.4

percent was higher than the average of 11.1 percent and also Rightly higher

San the increase of 12.1 percent for blacks. In contrast, the uicrease in

the number of whites was, at 7.0 percent, under the average. The figures for

Asians increased by 10.0 percent in that period. This emerges/^figures

as a result of the 1985 population census, which Dr Treurnicht du Toit, head

of the Central Statistics Service in Pretoria, made known yesterday. Dr Du

Toit announced that seven of the planned 18 reports on the census are now

available — less than two years after census day. That is an unegualed

achievement in the processing of the results of a South African population

census. The eventual reports of the census in 1960, 1970 and 1980 were issued

onlv after 11, eight and five years respectively. With the exception of just

two reports, all the other reports of the 1985 population census are expected

to be issued before the end of this month.

A pamphlet which the Central Statistics Service issued yesterday along with

thefirst seven reports shows that South Africa had 23,385,645 inhabitants in

1985. Of those, 68.7 percent were blacks (15,162,840), 17.8 percent whites

(4 568,739), 10.3 percent Coloreds (2,832,705) and 3.1 percent Asians

821,361). These figures are 15.6 percent less that the 27,722,100 at which

projections by the HSRC [Human Sciences Research Council] placed the total

population.

—The average annual growth rate of the population from 1980 to 1985 was 2.2

percent.

—The average number of births per 1,000 persons was 21.2.

-The birth rate among whites was 16.1 for every 1,000 persons, among Coloreds

29.2, among Asians 23.7, and among blacks an estimated 40.

—The death rate was 7.5, 7.9, 5.8 and an estimated 12 respectively.

The female sex was in all cases slightly in the majority. Altogether 49.3

Percent of the whites, 48.6 percent of the Coloreds, 49.5 percent of the

57
Asians and 49.5 percent of the blacks were males. The average acre of the

a

^°n^i

25.'-7 YearS'Wlth «* V*litesl avera<?e

of 31.2 year? 52Thlghes?

among the population groups. The whites also had the greatest percentage5

elderly (65 years and older) with 8.5 percent, whil?^bl?cks^ad thf

bu percent of the population lived in towns (89.6 percent of the whit*«. a=

mmea (47 percent), 44 percent had never yet been married, five cercent «a*

a wrdow or widower, three percent were divorced and only one^SSTlivS

Ä£J?,Äf P°rtion of the whites (54 percent) hÄXved S

sixtn standard to matric, and only four percent can write a dearer a-F+^r- *>,01v

names, The corresponding figures for blacklare^ pScen? anT^^ercS?

^e occupational class in which most South Africans (20.4) percent are enaaaed

V^?fJ^e"* quan:Y «to' production foreman and supervisor^oSSS

and Production and related workers. Nearly 22 percent of ^wSSs prSS

a professional, semiprofessional or technical vocation, in oartrSt to onl^

?; ^^ft^

e

/

blacks

-

822'9

25 People, of whom 432,267 are whites Sve

in the Pretona/Wonderboom/Soshanguve area, 1,609 408 (5V5 6^0/7n

m^O^^V' '^i8'

108 (3*9

'

445

> ontheEastrn^nd; 64 ,334

wSLS^ ""* "* 54°'142 (167'

905) * VereenigingAanderblj4

!

13084

CSO: 3401/59

58
SOUTH AFRICA

LACK OF BIACK POPULATION GROWTH CONTROL CRITTCIZED

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 15 Cct 86 p 5

[Unattributed article: »Limitations Racist—Say Blacks. State Resigned to

High Black Birthrate."]

[Text] The Department of National Health and Population Development has

tnrown in the sponge in its attempts to check the uncontrolled population

growth of blacks through meaningful measures. This is apparent from an

official statement from that department, in which reference is made to a

report of the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) which was drawn up by Mrs

Monica Ferreira, senior researcher in the Institute for Sociological and

So^aph" pSearch. That report says that any further tempts to promote

birth control among nonwhites would mean a threat to good race relations. Mrs

Ferreira told DIE AFRIKANER that a previous HSRC report had proposed that a

scheme of financial encouragements for small families jnd measures of

discouragement for large families would perhaps be able make the P°l"y°f

encouraging birth control among nonwhites successful. But new research has

revealed that action by the state to encourage family planning is regarded as

Sin7of racist and political origin. To blacks it is »imperialistic» and an

»attempt at genocide.» It would be foolish to do anything which could

aggravate the situation in a time of widespread unrest among blacks, Mrs

Ferreira says.

About 40 countries already reward parents who practice family planning, while

violators are fined, among other things, the report says. It was consegaently

a previous recommendation of the HSRC that the government should consider,

among other things, incentive schemes to bring about greater acceptance of

family planning and consequently a lower growth. Fines would have to be

Impfen large families, while smaller families should enjoy.Refits

However, increasing opposition built up from nonwhites against those

proposals, while the administration of incentive measures would cost

SastoSScal amounts.» The HSRCs present report suggests that the inc^tive

proposals be dropped and the money spent instead on education, social and

technical uplifting of a growing black population, as well as creating better

job^pp?rtu?ities^id a higher standard of living. Increasing urbanization of

blacks will supposedly diminish the problem eventually.

59
2fQ^hfSS?. Natlonai Btotion and Population Development, which usually

puts the HSRCs recommendations into practice, has also accepted the report

drawn up by Mr Ferreira. ihe department says in a statement'that incSbivl

S ^T^T^ 1f

aSUreS t0 promote fsmil

y P

lanning werfnor^inScSed "

£r2?orSSfoTfÄ

af

.

thB 3dical **»» ^ »«* the departs w££?~? 5

Y

P

lanmn9 a1

^ population development, this means that

^stituta^g such measures to control the unbridled black growth is nolonaer

being contemplated. However, that department does not say^fwoS a£ou? IS

S

DSSÄ-faC birth ^ntr01 ^almed at ^ites ^ theY

govern^St^HS

SüSSE of white Sft?^COnd^i°nS Wh^

Ch drastically liiit the number of cniiaren of white families. Both are going forth unabatedly.

13084

CSO: 3401/31

60
SOUTH AFRICA

BP OIL COMPANY INTEGRATION PLANS VIEWED

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 17 Nov 86 p 3

[Text] The BP Southern Africa oil company wants to spend 100 million rands to

develop District Six and adjacent areas as open residential neighborhoods and

privatize certain state schools for teaching students of all races. The

comprehensive plan to — among other things — consolidate BP's involvement in

abolishing apartheid was announced over the weekend by Mr Ian Sims, chairman

of BP Southern Africa, in the company's social report for 1986. Mr Sims says

in the report that BP believes the involvement of international companies in

the South African economy and society is a better alternative than

disinvestment, sanctions and other negative measures. "We must remember that

a besieged country which has its back to the wall cannot offer the positive

climate that is so urgently needed to eradicate apartheid and attain equality

and dignity for all." However, it is to be doubted whether the BP plan will

be able to be carried out easily. It was pointed out to DIE BURGER yesterday

that the legal position in the country at present does not make provision for

so-called open residential neighborhoods. Moreover, education in state

schools is handled as a distinct matter. Politicians and authorities,

including the Urban Foundation, with whom DIE BURGER talked, first wanted to

study the report before they make any comment.

Legal Position

Mr Chris Heunis, minister of constitutional development and planning, said,

however, he is aware that BP has such ideas, and they have already talked

informally about the matter. But the BP plan is not in conformity with the

legal position in the country. The Group Areas Act, which regulates

occupation, does not make provision for such a concept. It only provides that

multiracial occupation within a certain group area can be regulated by way of

permits. "I thus cannot make any further comment on the plan," Mr Heunis

said.

No amounts are mentioned in the report, but BP will reportedly approve 50

million rands for developing District Six and 50 million rands for financing

private schools. According to the report, BP believes that its plan for

exercising a "local option" through the community can accelerate not only

social change, but can also show that change can be successful.

61
Cape Municipality

alLtted 11 ^n3. riCt i"^

S

°

me °f

*** a^

ac

ent areas should be

?Üide^iaf nnrJ,^.. M^O- WhlCh 1S 0pen to a11 races for business and

SSS^^P?'1 *Z SmS •

SayS'About 4

'

200 filing units which may be afforded at the broadest possible level can be erected in the area BP 2

Äfx? eSS^£.a UtiliH

eS «V»"« ^ich

- -t bent onr4e* pursuS of profit, with the cooperation of other companies and parties for the

development. The corporation would involve the Cape municipSi?y 'and later

the government. As for the school project, Mr Sims says BP suqqested to Se

government that individual state schools which want to b^f^thouM^e

SSE? but wi2ä* HTT CaiV

be d

°

ne bY making «* State ^ools pSvaS Sv^if'v,^wl1^

out

. the loss of government subsidies and assistance. BP will

to do^tS2s? tlal financial P

roblems «* * ite other companies

13084

CSO: 3401/59

62
SOUTH AFRICA

NUMBER OF POUCE OFFICERS BEING INCREASED

Johannesburg DIE VADERIAND in Afrikaans 20 Oct 86 p 14

[Editorial: "Hitting Power"]

[Text] The physical presence of the police is of the utmost importance in the

fight against caramon crime as well as violence of unrest. The man in uniform

is as such a deterrent to the prospective transgressor and a consolation to

the law-abiding citizen. There is a proven connection between riots and

crime. Thus, for example, crime increased by 40 percent last year an the FWV

area, according to police statistics. Insurance premiums have doubled an step

with that. A situation of unrest can be stabilized by concerted and

purposeful action of the security forces. But that is not the final answer.

As soon as the security forces withdraw from an affected area, the unrest

flames up again. In order to normalize an area, it is necessary for the

ordinary law-abiding citizen to also enjoy the protection of the police.

Otherwise he has but again been handed over to the intimidator.

With only 1.6 policemen per 1,000 of the population, South Africa's power is

undermanned in that respect. The ratio is as much as double that number of

policemen in overseas countries. The revolutionary onslaught has now driven

Sie problem to a head. For the ordinary people, confidence in the authorities

and the future is reason for giving the problem active attention. Minister De

Villiers Morrison announced last week that 75 smaller, but self-contained

police stations are being set up. Colonel Vic Haynes of the SAP announced

that the police force is being systematically increased from the current

48,000 men to 86,000 in 1994. A further attempt to meet the situation is the

instant training of 1,000 black policemen a time at Kbeberg with further onthe-iob training later. This is not the full extent of the fight against

crime and the revolutionary onslaught, but indeed an indispensable aspect of

it.

13084

CSO: 3401/38

63
SOOTH AFRICA

PROBLEMS DUE TO PRESENCE OF NONWEETES IN CERTAIN AREAS VIEWED

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 15 Oct 86 p 8

[Unattributed article: »Group Areas: The Anatomy of Deception;» first

paragraph is DIE BURGER introduction ]

h^Sl ^

S

^

e

P?*100*' ^

p

'

w

- Bo^3' stated yet recently that he stands

2Lr5,Principle °

f

. separate living areas. It could therefore be expected

that the government is enforcing the Group Areas Act. However, that is not at

S -hSVf36* ^

1S ^"-Y ^PPeni^g is serious deception, as the residents

of the Johannesburg residential area of Mayfair have realized for a long time.

J^JJL.^ d°

not.^ave to

.

deal with nonwhite encroachment into their

TSSS^? arf

S

^11 f^

it: ^to Verstand what frustration the white

ä^^äiSriJfS^00?

S

^

h aS MaYfair and Homestead Park have to endure. Residents of these two Johannesburg residential areas have for years

^v

C

tf?S? 2! "? apparerfly Witless fight to keep their areas white. The

mi ly^f ,

arge

.

n

?

ber ?f non^ites already living there are violating

tiln V^ °

UP Ar?t ACt; ^ite residents thus have the law on their side

fSXi ^

e

9?vernment has already repeatedly declared through President P.W.

Botha that it stands by the Group Areas Act. For example, Mr Botha expressed

himself as follows when delegates at last year's CapTNP Cong7e7s waSSto

wtlhef^T rePfif\

X haYe

.*

one a lo^ way to co^ly wither ^fJs US and.1

» establish a spirit of human decency in the country, but if vou

expect me to do the impossible, then I stand firm - and I staM fim tSay »

SSS ^L**?P^

of *?Yfair «* Homestead Park know that Mr Botha is not

S^T^..^ a^

a11'Their frustration was reflected in a pamphlet with the

SSteStSln^tJ* ^ •?di

an

,

familY liVlng ln a White S2a" whi^ftSy "Si?^? < ^ ^° fesidential areas. The part concerned reads as folows:

T^^L T^ee* «

e

is an Indian. His wife is white. They moved from

„ t (an Indian neighborhood near Johannesburg) to Greenwood Road 1

Homestead Park along with their children. The move was occasioned hy tne

SSn^«,^*? * ?

h

?

slcal

. treatment and racial discrimination applied

2?£^ J5?0 Y r£nasia's

Indian community. The house was bought under the

SS; p~f* H- fJ^^*3^mediately brought the matter to the attention of

^•TL ^

ldents'TaxpayersAssociation, which in turn reported it to the Group

S^^i1Ct" ^ ^jestigation was carried out by them and a report was

turned over to the attorney general of Johannesburg. About 10 month/went by

64
without anything apparently happening. During this period numerous telephone

calls were made to all the authorities with wholly negative results. A letter

dated 3 April 1983 was eventually sent to the prime minister, Mr P.W. Botha.

The answer, dated 27 April 1983, was received by the Department of Community

Development and declared that Indians are not permitted to live in white Group

areas. The department suggested that whenever such occupation is heard of or

observed, it should be reported to the Group Areas Police at John Vorster

Square. That instruction was carried out and the Group Areas Police replied

that a full investigation was undertaken and the file sent to the office of

the attorney general."

"A further six months elapsed, during which a hearing date was set and in turn

postponed. A letter of protest was then drafted and signed by 190 people ~

practically the whole white population of Homestead Park. The letter of

protest was delivered to the attorney general, Att'y Klaus von Lieres, in

December of 1985. A summons was issued and a hearing date set. Kajee then

applied for a permit to live in the white area, and the hearing was again

postponed. The application was disapproved, but Kajee immediately appealed to

Mr Heunis against the rejection. But Mr Heunis rejected the appeal and, after

further pressure from the residents1association, another hearing date was

set. However, the hearing was again postponed by Att'y Von Lieres for a

period of 60 days on the basis of the fact that Kajee had now asked for an

interview with Mr Heunis and it was apparently granted to him. It is beyond

the understanding of any normal person's intelligence and imagination why this

was allowed after repeated assurances by him himself, his deputy, Mr Piet

Badenhorst, Mr P.W. Botha, Mr F.W. de Klerk and numerous others about the

retention of separate residential areas! Further developments are being

eagerly awaited — as usual!"

The experience with Kajee is only a single case of the long fight that the

inhabitants of these residential areas are carrying on to restore the one-tame

character of their neighborhoods. The government's role was of an extremely

questionable nature throughout. It continually professed that action would be

taken, but virtually never did anything come out of this. However, the

government came out with vigorous statements about the situation, especially

when it had to fall back on the support of the areas' voters. The then

minister of community development, Mr Pen Kotze, played that game skilfully

when he visited the areas in October of 1983, less than a month before that

year's referendum. Mr Kotze appeared to be in a fighting mood when he said:

"They (the nonwhites) did not live in the sky before they moved here

illegally. They must go back from where they came."

The leader of the Labor Party, Rev. Allan Hendrickse, threatened the

government the next day by saying that he would not take part in the proposed

constitution if Mr Kotze was reflecting government thinking. Nothing was ever

again heard of Mr Kotze's position on this. However, the minister's visit to

Mayfair had already then served its purpose: the ignorant and naive were able

to cast a yes-vote. Does the government not stand by the Group Areas Act as

it said?! But Mayfair's and Homestead Park's people could not be led by the

nose unlimitedly. A few weeks ago they distributed a pamphlet in which the

government was challenged to say when it is going to remove the illegal

nonwhites from the area. The residents know that the government will not

65
accept the challenge. They have also, like tens of thousands of others, taken

note of a statement by the attorney general of the Tranvaal, Att'y Don

Brünette^ that action is no longer being taken against violators of the Group

Areas Act. «We have had few of these cases for several years ~ onlv when

someone seriously complained.» y

The deputy minister of home affairs, Mr Piet Badenhorst, apparently did not at

«Z-J^S SS of ?"f neWS*

Scarcel

y

a d

^y later he aimed a warning at the

i2?2?3- ^

6 m

^^ess ^t violators of the Group Areas Act would

^Jr^Z .Property. '

Ihat warning of Mr Badenhorst's holds little consolation

S?t?S,JSS "S3?"*8. °

f

, ny***' Homestead Park, Berea, Hillbrow and other white suburbs. Not a single violator of the Group Areas Act has ever yet lost

^J5F*S?' **> Bad?

horst ^ obviously talking for local consumption when

MU^Ü 2f ^F1}

2

*

1*' because it does not take reality into account at all.

22LS n statements °f the state president, Mr P.W. Botha, at the just

SIS^STS?1*

88

. ^"V?*"3 to d°

With realit^- ^^ that occasion ^if^^Sf against opening up residential areas where people from the

KHTÜ?? m^^ gr^

)S live# aB state Presid

ent spoke as if he were

SSf/^V*?* °

f

fP^tions in Mayfair - while many representations have been made to him over the years.

Nobody expects that the current government will restore the character of

SSSceftSV^" -^fair "? HillbrW- ««' «» governmeS?^!! give assurances that it is in favor of separate living areas so long as this suits

iott^LL" ;Iready starting to make provision for exceptions. Mr

2M?*^T? i ^iY SP°

ke °f a

Relaxation» of the law and of its being

S^J^Ä^JT98*?1*°- l0WSr auth°rities. He also mentioned the possibility^

i?5? ZL classic method which the government follows to\£adually

nullify a measure but while that is happening, still tries to deceive as many

dSnf,^le' ^tn Africa finds itself in the midst of a tremenSs piece of deception politics around the Group Areas Act.

13084

CSO: 3401/35

66
SOUTH AFRICA

EXTENT OF BIAGK URBANIZATION DISCUSSED

Cape Town DIE BÜRGER in Afrikaans 12 Nov 86 p 13

[Unattributed article: »Prof. Wolfgang Thomas—'Most Blacks Already

Urbanized,n]

[Text] It is unnecessary to ask how black urbanization in South Africa should

be handled, for "we are already handling it and lack only self-confidence to

do it further," Wolfgang Thomas, professor of economics at the University of

the Western Cape, said yesterday in Cape Town. Professor Thomas was taking

part in a seminary of the Southern African Road Federation on urbanization and

road transport needs. He said urbanization is a necessary process, and he

believes that between 50 and 55 percent of all blacks in South Africa have

already been urbanized, despite the lower figures which are sometimes

furnished. For example, there are already between 500,000 and 600,000 blacks

on the Peninsula, in spite of the influx control which was formerly enforced.

Even larger numbers are mentioned in some circles. Between 2.3 million and

2.5 million people now live in the Cape metropolitan area, and the population

is expected to grow another million by the turn of the century. The

additional million will probably be housed along the southeast axis of the

area — Mitchell's Plain, Khayelitsha and Blue Downs. That area is far from

the Cape city center and will in the future have to get its own business and

services center in order to provide the needs of the residents.

Problems

Professor Thomas also said South Africa will have to look at what other

countries are doing to handle their urbanization and transportation problems;

black entrepreneurship should not be underestimated; and deregulation should

not be carried so far that it creates new problems. Mr Peter de Tolly,

director of the Cape city council's urban planning department, said that urban

planners' problems with providing public and private transportation systems

are, among other things, that:

—the various planning components in the country work independently and in an

uncoordinated manner. For example, the road planners first do their work in

an area before the urban planners get involved; and

67
«^TrSS* Areas

1

Act Prevents people from living near their place of work and

thus curbs normal urban development. The White Paper on Urbanization also

places certain restrictions on development. J-^ULOII aj-so

SS^ÜS Si1^

63 ^iat ?i E"13110 Should get ra Solved in planning actions,

S?,£^ P

lann^g °f future transportation systems and routes, a that way

2V?S ^

asP^tions of the community will be taken into consideration:

He^^^S"911?

direCt?r

°

f

.

City Tcarawa

y

s

' «id the answer does nS^ lie in more roads and more inefficient transportation systems but in

SSSÄ«^' EB"?U?.and efficient Public transport. SlS?Ag ^lic transportation does not satisfy all those requirements.

Preference

He also said:

^f^xSf1011'

SOU?1 Mric?does not **** a

^tional transportation policy,

pr^l^^y^v^cSr lgn°

reS *" OTUntrY*S blggeSt tea-e°£a^A

^Sr2^?onf^.be-^iVen J?°«. pUb^

iG transportation above private transportation if "our cities want to still handle traffic in twenty years;»

Z«t^«management.!^

d

°Peration °f Public transportation should be privatized

SLS^ofSS^^ W>'

e

^

mSanS °f

transportation should be Tn t£

SSST^tfbfiSffiSa" mmA'. "* aS ^Regional Services Boards

SLfTiJo1?

0

^

eferS S t^ s

o-called Nation wagon taxis and said they

oX IbSt 2^ oft^ ^? iS n° ""^ ^

them

- »*» «

at present illegal ones! ^ station wagon taxis and between 60,000 and 80,000

13084

CSO: 3401/59

68
SOOTH AFRICA

ALTERCATION BETWEEN RED CROSS, NATION VIEWED

Bloemfontein DIE VOLKSBIAD in Afrikaans 27 Oct 86 p 8

[Editorial: "Vacuum"]

TTextl The result of its precipitous action against South Africa is for the

International Red Cross an uneasy vacuum in a part of the world where its

representation is surely desirable and needed; for, by punishxng a country

which was always a supporting pillar for it it has brought itself ttie

punishment that - until there has been reconsideration — ltwiU no longer

be able to use South Africa as a regional base. The alienation has obvious

complications for the International Red Cross. Among its activities being

hampered is the badly needed assistance to the roughly 20,000 Mozambican

refuqees who cross the border under the most perilous circumstances in the

hope of a better life. It will also have to live up to its role as mediator

in Angola henceforth through other channels. It is inevitably going to get

its work done with more difficulty. The suspension of relations, however, is

not going to only unilaterally hurt the Red Cross. South Africa also stands

to lose quite a lot. For example, the IRC was the decisive factor in the

release of South African prisoners of war from Angola. It was the shortest,

most effective channel in the conmunication between prisoners m African jails

and their loved ones in the Republic. What replacement is there?

In the light of this, the decision on what its reaction should be to the IRC's

unkindness could thus not have been easy for the government. It.is

increasingly coming under pressure, however, to simply bow to South Africa s

being run over or to resist in a manner that will also make the dispensers of

punishment really think twice. The cabinet's current mood is obviously far

from a meek acceptance of the anti-South African campaign which has gone from

bad to worse in obstreperousness and blind revilement in recent months. Tne

impatience with that and unwillingness to continually just turn the other

cheek is also strongly seen by the admonition of the minister of defense to

neighboring black countries about the wild accusations in connection with the

Macnel disaster. To always react just right of course demands the utmost

power of judgment. Mistakes are almost inevitable in such a situation.

However, few people will choose to sit and do nothing while their country is

being kicked. We thus believe that the government broadly enjoys wide support

for its actions.

13084

CSO: 3401/38

69
SOUTH AFRICA

ELECTRICITY PRICE INCREASE UPSETS PUBLIC

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 8 Oct 86 p 16

[Unattributed article: »More Expensive Power Shocks Public»]

SSfLSf f?^88^

in «^xtricity rates by 12 percent is part of the price

^^r^STttarSSS fC? ** ^°Vernment,s PolitÄL and econPoMc aboutthpStv reaction of economists with whom DIE AFRIKANER talked

b^laifoff^ «2««»«* by Escom that 8,000 of its workers are going to

ße laid off and rates increased starting in January. Trade union J?fn?»Te

Sn^ccLlÄ^^^ h» *e Act can be reconciled that Escom is

eight percent fvST ^wK^^T t^country's power demand would rise by

52 S?^ /J^f* W lt: turns out that the growth will be 5.5 percent at

S^w^f°

n

^S ^

t0 ^curfcai^ent of Escom's work is going to deepen

s^nat?,«S^ °

f ES^'S

^

YOffS

- ^ ^terprise is now following

rSs\nfra?es^sSfÄ088'

Whl^are also reduci^ Personnel ££ raising rates as a result of the recession - and thereby only making the

70
recession worse yet. Escom is in the meantime further fomenting inflation,

the economists say. The influence of the increase of electricity rates on the

prices of all goods and services, just as the influence of the higher

transport rates on them, will be felt immediately and in the most remote areas

of the economy. Besides, the increase in the power rates is more than what

it could have been if Escom had accepted Renamo's offer to help with the

reconstruction of the 400 power poles in Mozambique, which were wrecked when

Renamo had to decide to cut off the power supply from Cahora Bassa. Renamo

had proposed that it guarantee the security of the power line on the one

condition that the cost price for the power that Escom pays be deposited in a

trust fund for the duration of the Mozambique war. According to the existing

contracts, Escom will pay 1.1 cent per unit for the Cahora Bassa power, while

the average costs of the power which Escom generates is 4.1 cent per unit.

Escom is losing 375 million rands a year by not negotiating with Renamo, for

which the power consumer must now foot the bill.

13084

CSO: 3401/29

71
SOUTH AFRICA

EMERGING 'KHMER ROUGE' GENERATION SEEN AMONG TOWNSHIP YOUTH

Munich SUEDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG in Gentian 17 Oct 86 p 4

Re2i?v6? S2L1?

hran^' CapS.*own: "A

V*ep Gap Between Expectations and ^aloty A Khmer-Rouge Generation Is Growing Up Among Black Youth in South

S^I JPT g?0^signs in South Africa that the rebellion of a part

SeSr^ S/^01 1S }

01W *** directed only against the go^erLenfS

NalÄco^ Evength f?L^ rational congress (ANC), the resistance organization exiled in Zamhia haQ

been extensively losing control over the townships. ?h?s w2s es^Sly seen

early in the year when representatives of the »National IdSationÄ-iS

Committee' in lusaka got the backing of the ANC for SS^LSSS^o call S

this year's ending of the school boycott which began inT 19?5'when Sev h£

ofSLftf!f1 t0 SOUth Mrica «* ****** the wSc^täSis S ttfrLui? of their talks, some had only a tired smile for this appeal even thoSh it

EL2&^ bY ** *£" ** SCh001 ^^ has ^achS such lurS a^S intensity in some parts of South Africa, especially in the"eastuS? r 2

Sl^ome^slÄ? °irSin °

f blaCk ^^.^t^SS^^ SSnS/^L V ^^

ere 1S no effective teaching even in quite a few

^^m^J^1^^^fTd'

AftSr having g

sUpported^esl4^

are now^rtiaiTv' ^f?cat;

on" *>r a

1«* time, the youthful »comrades»

2tafc£nPSS5 -

atte?pt>ing to build U

P an alternative system of popular

SSid^lÄ 1S

T^

limnf? "capitalist standards such as competition and

individualism. •• if these militant youths, who are often no olderthan 13^?

14, represent a numerical minority even in their generation the? 2i?i h*S

SeraS^i^ S"3*" °

n

*** life *» thegTSSs' oTSuS AfriS

«SMSI tSl 1Vltlg ^f08 not önl^ ^^ the school boycott, but aSo behSd

2 laSes^fitt'Srn ^^„

ih ^black ^ttlements. Deviants get^o

AfrSr«v * "sDambok," a hippopotamus whip also used by the South

w2£T pollf

e

'

f

^

om a

"People's court;» those who are unlÜTkv^et the

infamous gasoline-filled tire, which is then lit, hung aro^d ^el^nlcfe.

Srto^^r^1?^^6^

flrSt aeration born after the pinnacle of aparaieia around 1970 and so grew up under a complete svstem of ramai

SS?^ ^lir Par^

ts experienced for the mostpart a^stUl more Sen

caSf iS" ^

1Ch ******* more P««anal contact with members of Seither

caste. Not infrequently regarded by their children as Uncle Toms, quite alt

72
of them have lost control over their sons and daughters. An increase in

anarchistic trends can yet be expected in the future, because the two most

£5E£ s^£Tization Lues ablade youth in ft^n», ^SSSft

hfip and the school, are shattered. Observers widely agree that ironically it

STtSf^SSSt irfpretoria itself which, in its endeavor to bring about

SabS?tr^ributed to this development. Lmited * ^»**~^

growth in the Cape, white South Africans were able to fill only aquarter_ ol

allskilled positions in the late 1960's. In order to be able to fill the

aaoswiS appropriately educated blacks, Pretoria raised educational

SendTtures ?n them by no less than 2,700 percent between 1972 and 1985

SS; Se Sucational budget surpassed the defense^las^r f«the

first time. While only 190 black South Africans finished 12 years of fcnooi

£1961 around 70,000 blacks take «matrlc» today - 20,000 more than whites

Swever, only the quantity of «Bantu education» was raised, but not its

quality.

By expanding the black educational system, the South African gf'f * hoped

n?t^7to satisfy the country's economic requirements but at the^same time

also to lay the foundation for the emergence of a black middle class -as a

Stabilizing buffer between the white government and the black masses. In so

doing; however, it erroneously assumed that high economic growth and therefore

S^bsorption capacities of the labor market could be maintained for any

SnqS oftime. An expansion of the educational system can only have a

sSbSizLg Effect wherTevery school leaver also finds a job But because

South Africa has not been experiencing any economic growth in the 1980 s, but

mass unemployment instead, the government's measures had precise^Ly the

opposite effect and produced an immensely politicized and unsatisfied

gerSation? Cape Town historian Colin Bundy described the phenomenon: »You

ta£fyouth without political rights, socially subordinate and economically

vSnerabll You educate as many of them as their parents would not have

imagined in their boldest dreams, but in grotesquely inadequate facilities.

You make sure that their awareness is sharpened by discriminating Practices

outside of school - and then you throw them in large numbers on the economic

scrap heap."

Developments in the South African educational and economic sector ledto a

arowina crap between rising expectations and an opposite experience of reality

Sg^SPy?ung blacks^ S^ToSservers are of the view that a «nmer-Rouge

generation of brutalized child soldiers is growing up ^?jt afe^b^cfr

youths of South Africa. They could make quite a lot of townships in the Cape

ungovernable in the long run — for Pretoria as well as for the ANC.

13084

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73
SOUTH AFRICA

BLACKS POLLED ON MANDELA LEADERSHIP SUPPORT

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 1 Dec 86 p 8

[Text]

Nearly one in three urban blacks would volunteer immediate acceptance of Nelson Mandela as their new leader if he were freed from

prison — but even bigger numbers of them

would want

him to prove

his leadership

qualities first.

The survey

puts automatic

acceptance of

Mandela in the

role of black

leader at an

average

32 percent —

with wide divisions between

the sexes

about the degree of their enthusiasm.

In short, while 39 percent of black males

would give Mandela their immediate vote,

only 26 percent of black women would do so.

Black women in turn out-numbered their

menfolk — 35 to 33 percent — in preferring to

wait and see how he shaped up as a leader.

The younger generation, aged between 18

and 24, were most willing to back Mandela at

once: 42 percent of the males and 25 percent

of the females.

In all, while 32 percent would give instant

support to Mandela, a slightly higher 34 percent take a wait-and-see attitude about his

talents. Only 5 percent said they would not

support him because they "already had a

black leader".

The pollsters found that Mandela appeared

to have least support inside the Zulu population — 33 percent of males and 23 percent

of the females.

They were also informed in the survey

that the vast majority of urban blacks — as

many as 74 percent — would prefer a multiracial rather than an all-black form of government. Moreover, 75 percent gave an overwhelming preference to the achievement of

black political freedom by negotiation.

SUPPORT FOR VIOLENCE

Only 13 percent supported violence, with

the remainder rejecting both options (3 percent) or else gave a "don't know" reply (9 percent).

Greatest support for violence was shown in

a 17 percent vote from the 18-24 age group,

while as many as 86 percent of the older

generation favoured negotiation.

But perceptions of when blacks wculd win a

significant political voice were pessimistic.

One in four said they "didn't know". Almost

as many, 24 percent, said "not for a long

time", 13 percent forecast a voice within the

next 10 years, 18 percent said within the next

five years, and only 10 percent reckoned it

would come inside the next 12 months.

In turn, 36 percent of all respondents said

they would be happy to support any blacks

willing to work with the State President on a

National Council.

About 16 percent said they would regard

black participation in the council as "sellouts" and 9 percent would prefer black leaders not in detention to boycott the National

Council.

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74
SOUTH AFRICA

UPWARDLY MOBILE BLACKS FORM NEW ELITE LEAVING TOWNSHIPS

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 7 Dec 86 p 3

[Article by Cas St Leger]

[Text]

THEY'RE the new elite.

They run a garage housing

luxury German cars. Their

children go to top private

schools. And they want to

live in the best homes their

healthy bank balances can

buv

-

These are the new upwardly

mobile South African blacks -

many of whom, having reached

the township ceiling, are snaking the dust of Soweto or Daveyton off their feet and settling in

select white areas.

The "rich-rich" are overcoming

the strictures of the Group Areas

Act in their drive for an upmarket

lifestyle and surroundings to match

their incomes and aspirations.

The Group Areas Act is being

eroded by social need.

Mr Cam Dikotla, a black estate

agent, said that the drop in house

prices in white areas and the surplus

of white housing meant it was

cheaper to buy a house in some

white suburbs than in Soweto.

There is a shortage of 538 000

houses in black areas. In white

areas, 37 000 houses and flats stand

empty.

The top area of Orlando West is

dubbed "Beverly Hills", where a

house can change hands for

R500 000. Here, and in Diepkloop

Extension, the prices for a few hundred homes are forced artificially

high by market pressures.

For that price tag, the black buyer can expect a white-architect designed, white-builder constructed

luxury house. But it will have little

or no garden and it will not look too

fancy from the outside or the iinwelcome attention of activists or jealous neighbours could make life uncomfortable. -

For the same money — even a lot

less in the depressed white housing

market — black buyers can get a

mansion on an estate in Hyde Park,

Sandton, cheek-by-jowl with multimillionaire Marino Chiavelli, or a

pleasant and secure property with

nice neighbours in Sandton suburbs

such as Athol, Morningside and

Wendywood.

Estate agent Mrs Aida Geffen

said she has sold 15 homes in Sandton this year alone to black permitholders - a number she regards as

infinitesimal but significant.

Not all of the new elite are willing

to discuss exactly how they acquired

homes in white areas.

Most prefer to skim over

the details, though those with

businesses in Soweto fear

black retaliation rather than

white prosecution (or persecution) because of their new

status.

Many, like Barclays Bank

corporate manager Mr Gaby

Magomola, who lives with his

family in an exquisite

Wendywood home with high

walls, good security and

friendly neighbours, were assisted by lorward-looking

companies.

"I lived in the US for eight \

years; this does not represent

a change of lifestyle,'' said

Mr Magomola. who wok up

residence in June. He was

then a pioneer but now has

five other black families in

his neighbourhood.

"I was exoecting both a

black and a white backlasn. A

few blacks who were critical

are now making inquiries.

My bold approach has been

helpful.

"Those of us who have

made this move (to white

areas) must bear in mind that

this started several years ago

when it seemed okay for a

black man to move out of

Soweto to Hillbrow; suddenly, when a black guy moves

into an affluent area like

Morningside, it becomes unacceptable.

Important

"For the same reason that

we have black children going

to private schools, and that

black people trade in central

business districts, it is equally important we should set an

upwardly mobile trend in

housing.

"It's limiting to build in Soweto. Your choice is dictated

by the white view of black

people. It hasn't dawned on

many whites in South Africa

that black.people have human aspirations rather than

black aspirations," he said.

"What is happening in Soweto is primarily a function

of the economics laws. You

have a short supply of homes

and a huge demand from people who are rising in the social strata."

Should the Group Areas

Act be scrapped, Mr Magomola said he aid not expect a

flood of people from Soweto,

but he forecast a significant

number of young professionals moving into flats and

townnouses and a reasonable

75
demand for middle-income

housing.

"At the lower end, where

many blacks would be able to

move in, there would be a

political constraint from the

white blue-collar workers

who cannot countenance a

black neighbour. These people have not got used to the

concept of sharing with

blacks," Mr Magomola said.

Mr Jackie Twala, a 39-

year-old millionaire building

contractor, who owns four

luxury cars, sold his house in

Diepkloof for R180000. He

owns a 4 000-square-metre

stand in Morningside, Sandton, and another 11 in Sunninghill.

He plans to start construction of his home on the Morningside stand in mid-Janu-"

ary, ready for occupation in

June — and it is a R500 000

palace he has in mind, with

six bedrooms, five bathrooms, an eight-car garage

and pool, squash and tennis

courts.

On the other stands, he will

build R100 000 homes "for

whoever wants to buy them".

"It's too expensive in Soweto because 99-year leases

have to be bought," Mr Twala

said.

Mr Eric Mafuna, managing director of Consumer Behaviour, is a wealthv businessman who has voted to

throw in his lot with fellow

blacks until the law is

changed.

"Eighteen months ago I

was ready to move into a

white area. I looked at one or

two houses and asked my

lawyers for advice. Then the

concept started impinging on

my personal pride.

"I'm not an under-thecounter kind of person. I decided I would rather stay in

Soweto than secretly live in a

white area," Mr Mafuna said.

A white architect designed

a R460 000 home for Mr Mafuna's double stand in Soweto.

His building society told

him it could not grant the

R300 000 bond - not that Mr

Mafuna could not afford it,

but that the price was above

that allowed in the Soweto

market.

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Painful

"Whether you live in Sandton or Soweto, the price a

square metre is the same,"

Mr Mafuna said. His only solution was to downgrade the

materials used.

"We can afford good

houses. It is not to show off. It

makes the Group Areas Act

more painful," he said.

"If it were not for the political situation, more than 50

percent of affluent blacks

would move out. There would

not be a flood of people leaving Soweto, but up to 35 percent of Soweto's 2,6-million

people could easily afford to

move.

"It is a myth that blacks

are poor and whites wealthy.

Even clerks in four-roomed

homes could afford to move

into decent accommodation,

with a change in their expenditure pattern from the present 40 percent of income on

food to 25 percent on housing.

"Now a large number of

affluent blacks are becoming

more politically united and

are saying: 'I've got money

but I'm going to stay in my

neighbourhood because I am

proud of being black'."

He criticised "northern

suburbs white liberals",

many of whom.had told him

they would be delighted to

have him as a neighbour but

who had objected to Norweto. "It's rather like saying

'Some of my best friends are

blacks' until ope wants to

marry your daughter."

The SA Institute of Estate

Agents maintains an unequivocable stance.

General Secretary SteDhan

Swanepoel said of blacks living in white areas: "We do not

support it; we do not underwrite it. It is still against the

law."

There were instances

where nominees had bought

properties for blacks, sidestepping the Act. A black

may buy a home in a white

area but he may not occupy

it. and neither could he take

transfer.

Institute members, said

Mr Swaneroel, had been

warned their licences couid

be taken awav if thev knowingly sold to a black in a

white area.

76
SOUTH AFRICA

URBAN BLACKS POLLED ON BOMBING OF INNOCENTS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 1 Dec 86 p 8

[Text] One of the premises set by pollsters was: "In the last year

there have been many bombings

in countries around the world,

including South Africa, in which

many people — men, women

and children of many colours —

have been hurt or killed. It is

said this is the work of terrorists."

Urban blacks were then asked

if they considered the bombing

of innocent people wrong, or

politically justified.

The purpose was to establish

black thought on the principle of

terrorists using bombs for political aims, rather than to look

specifically at events in South

Africa.

Said analysts: "It is interesting to observe that 82 percent of

black males aged 50 or more

say bombing innocent people

anywhere is 'wrong', compared

with 53 percent of the more militant younger age group (18-24)

who take the same viewpoint.

"In contrast, only 14 percent

of the older age group say there

is political justification for such

action while 34 percent of the

younger men took this stance."

By region, bombings were

condemned by 73 percent -of

black respondents in Durban

against 45 percent in the Eastern Cape and 54 percent in the

PWV (Pretoria-WitwatersrandVaal) industrial complex.

JUSTIFIED

One in three urban blacks in

the PWV and Eastern Cape saw

bombings as politically justified.

"There are very mixed signals", commented the head of

the survey team. "Because the

canvas is so wide, opinions in

one area'of the poll would support perceptions by whites

about what blacks believe while

contradicting others.

"Looking at the scene from

white political leadership standpoints, there are a lot of green

lights for progress.

"The most heartening aspect

of responses from blacks willing

to express a viewpoint away

from the threat of intimidation

is the degree of goodwill that

still exists and opinions that reflect a great deal of political

pragmatism.

"But clearly, events of the

past few months in their view

threaten to erode that goodwill."

/9274

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77
SOUTH AFRICA

UDF'S MOROBE DISCUSSES POLITICAL ISSUES

Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 2 Dec 86 p 14

[Article by Hugh Roberton]

[Text]

THE National Party has

reached a dead-end in

its search for workable political solutions and has

decided to retreat into its

laager and cling to power

with increasing repression

and harassment of its

opponents.

This is the assessment of

Mr Murphy Morobe, acting

Publicity Secretary of the

UDF, who is visiting the

Western Cape for meetings

with UDF affiliates. He gave

the UDF's views on a wide

range of current issues in an

interview yesterday.

"The NP retreat into the

laager is exactly what we expected. As the struggle intensifies and the legitimacy of

the Government becomes

more eroded in the eyes of

the majority, it will behave

like regimes in South America — and even in Africa —

when they were faced by the

same sort of crisis. They will

become more and more desperate and will resort to

greater repression and force.

Their main concern will be to

perpetuate their power."

"Reform" and "repression"

in South Africa had become

"two sides of the same coin".

The Joint Management Centres, which Mr Morobe said

were linked to the security

apparatus and to "disinformation" strategies, were part of

the pattern of repression and

of the NP's attempts to perpetuate its power.

"The JMCs are tackling the

wrong end of the problem.

They are trying to win favour

with the people by improving

local conditions, repairing

roads, and improving services

when, in fact, the peoples'

feelings have gone way beyond potholes and street

lights. The main objective of

the black community is to exercise political power," Mr

Morobe said.

"The Government's new national economic strategy,

which aims to divert funds

from infrastructure development to social services, is

part of the same pattern.

Even the new elite black suburbs and the fenced off townships have not been beyond

the reach of the UDF because

the main objective of blacks

is for political power- and any

'improvements' in their living

standards are quite rightly interpreted as being the results

of their own efforts, as victories after a long struggle."

THESE are extracts of

what Mr Morobe had to

say on other current issues:

D On the detention of UDF

leaders, the banning of UDF

meetings and the declaring of

the UDF as an "affected organisation":

"All this harassment and

repression has meant that we

have had to devote a lot of

our energy and time to developing new methods of operation. We are confident they

are working, that effective

contact is being made among

the people and that we are

getting our message out. I

think, also, that as the Government tries to stifle us, so

it becomes more isolated internally and internationally.

We expect things to get worse

as the Government becomes

more desperate and we are

preparing for a long siege.

We do not rule out the possibility of the UDF being

banned altogether."

On the Natal-Kwazulu indaba: "Insofar as the indaba

proposals have been rejected

by the NP in Natal, I believe

this has vindicated our position — which we warned of

when the indaba began —

that there is no way negotiations can succeed in existing

circumstances.

"It is not as if the indaba

produced any really radical

changes. In fact the proposals

show a willingness to accomodate separate racial structures. Yet even this has been

rejected by the NP. I think all

the indications from the indaba are that negotiations with

the Government should not be

foremost on the UDF's agenda. Rather, our purpose is to

develop organisations at the

mass level and concentrate

78
on building up the resolve of

the community to continue

the struggle."

D On negotiations: "We

have set various well-known

preconditions — unbanning

the ANC and other political

movements, the release of

Nelson Mandela and other political prisoners, the repeal of

the Population Registration

Act and the Group Areas Act

— in short, the creation of

conditions of free speech, free

association, of normal political activity.

"We are not too keen on

talking about the distribution

of political power; we would

talk about the transfer of political power from a minority

to the majority. That is what

it is all about."

DOn detention without trial: "The numbers of our leaders being detained are increasing and there appears to

be a concerted effort to do

this, which is a phenomenon

we fully expected and which

has been seen in many other

countries, including Zimbabwe when it was still Rhodesia, where people like Robert

Mugabe and Joshua Nkomo

were removed from the scene

for years at a stretch."

DOn education: "We have

become extremely concerned

by the intransigence of the

Department of Education and

Training in their treatment of

the National Education Crisis

Committee, which is one of

the very few channels of communication which the DET

has with the black community-

"With the other organisations involved, we stand by

our commitment to have all

students at school when the

new academic year starts in

black schools on January 10.

What happens after that will

depend upon the DET and the

Government."

D On the role of whites:

"We are committed to genuine non-racialism. To us this

is not just a dream about the

future, but something we put

into practice even under the

present state of apartheid. It

is important for whites to

know that the future envisaged for South Africa by the

UDF has-got nothing to do

with driving whites into the

sea.

"White South Africans are

just as much in need of liberation as are blacks. They

need to realise that they

should free themselves of

many years of SABC propaganda and white sectarian

education, which have been

largely instrumental in the

proliferation of the white supremacist ideology."

/9274

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79
SOUTH AFRICA

RESURGENCE OF AFRICANISM IN UNIONS SEEN AS MAJOR FORCE

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 5-11 Dec 86 p 9

[Text] AFRICANISM — the political

tradition represented by Anton

Lcmbede, first president of the

ANC Youth Congress; Robert

Sobukwe, first president of the

Pan Africanist Congress; and

Zephnnia Mothopeng, current

PAC president — has reforged a

bridgehead for ilseir in the

political life of South Africa.

The South African Black

Municipal and Allied Workers

Union recently adopted

Africanism as a "guiding factor"

in its quest for a "liberated"

South Africa. Espousal of

Africanism by Sabmawu may

mark the start of the resurgence

of Africanism as a major force.

Africanism is already the

credo of a political movement,

the Azanian National Youth

Unity, or Azanyu. It now has a

foothold in the labour camp as

well. Whether these developments are the first pebbles in the

landslide to come is as yet

uncertain. But of their potential

importance there can be little

doubt.

Africanism fought for

dominance in the African

National Congress against the

"multi-racialism" which led to

the formation of the Congress

Alliance and the adoption of the

Freedom Charter in 1955. When

the Africanists failed to capture

the ANC, they broke away under

Sobukwe to form the PAC in

1959.

The PAC was the driving force

behind the anti-pass campaign of

1960, which culminated in the

Sharpeville shootings of March

/9274

CSO: 3400/658

21 that year. Most PAC leaders

were either jailed or fled into

exile. Unlike the ANC, the PAC

was split by repeated internal

quarrels in exile. It seemed to be

a spent force.

But now there are signs of a

revival, not of the PAC per se,

but of the-underlying tradition

of Africanism.

The motor force of Africanism

is African nationalism. It sees

"the struggle" as primarily one

for re-possession of land by the

indigenous people. It asserts that

the interests of the original

dispossessed African people are

primary.

Its aim is not the protection of

racial minorities — whether

white, Indian or "coloured" —

but their assimilation into the

emerging African nation.

Sobukwe, the founding

president of the PAC and

eloquent articulator of the

Africanist tradition, said of the

importance of African

nationalism: "Africans are the

only people who, because of

their material position can be

interested in the complete

overhaul of the present

structure of society."

Of minority rights, he said:

"Everybody who owes his only

loyalty to Africa and who is

prepared to accept the

democratic rule of an African

majority (is) regarded as an

African. We guarantee no

minority rights, because we

think in terms of individuals,

not groups."

80
SOUTH AFRICA

OVER 2,000 FARM WORKERS EVICTED FROM NORTHERN NATAL

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 30 Nov 86 p 17

[Article by S'bu Mngadi]

[Text] OVER 2 000 farm workers are being

quietly evicted in northern Natal -

despite the government's much publicised promise to suspend forced removale

Seven hundred farm workers were

recently evicted frdm faction-torn

Msinga and another 1 000 face action

by white farmers in the Vryheid region.

Thirty-two workers who live on Dr H

Gertques' farm appeared in the Vryheid Magistrate's Court last week for

alleged illegal squatting. No charges

were put to them and the case was

postponed.

The Association for Rural Advancement has sought legal help against the

evictions. Most of the families are from

long-established labour tenant communities who have lived on the farm for

three or more generations.

Though the labour tenancy system -

"the six-month system" - was outlawed

in the late 60s, it is still found in a

different guise in many parts of Natal.

Under the system, workers must

work for a farmer for six months - for

nominal or no wages -to gain the right

to live on the land. They are allowed a

certain amount of arable land and cattle grazing rights.

Almost all the families being evicted

have had access to land for ploughing

and keeping cattle.

Now they have to accept resettlement compensation and be moved to

Bulwer, Waaihook at Ladysmith and

Franklands at Port Shepstone - all

between 90km and 300km away.

Ndala Zungu, 61, of Hopewell Farm

in Weenen was recently sent to jail for

three months for illegal squatting on a

farm.

Zungu has worked on the farm for

about 40 years. He was allegedly evicted because his son refused to work for

the farmer.

"My son refused because he does not

want to be like me - and work for

nothing. I did all kinds of jobs on this

farm - loading big lorries, fetching

water and watering the fields," said

Zungu before his imprisonment.

Bukekile Zungu lamented: "My husband was looking forward to his pension

and to being buried on the farm - but

instead, the baas just told us that he

does not want us anymore.

"We have nowhere else to go and we

fear all of us will be arrested soon."

Tenants claim they have tried in vain

to find alternate accommodation on

trust funds and from a local chief. They

also failed to find shelter in the nearby

informal resettlement camp at Kwabekumtheto, outside Mondlo.

The camp is badly overcrowded -

Afra Survey estimated about 30 000

resently evicted farm workers lived

there.

Richmont residents claim the Hilltops farm owner threatened to shoot

them if they did not leave his farm.

Charges of attempted murder and

assault were recently brought against

farm owner CF Ehlers by Elfus Kunene, 29, the son of Andries Kunene -

one of the tenants being evicted.

/9274

CSO! 3400/631

81
SOUTH AFRICA

WESTERN TRANSVAAL COMMUNITY HOLDS PROGRAM TO PROTEST REMOVALS

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 30 Nov 86 p 17

[Article by Sinnah Kunene]

[Text]

RAIN showered the remote Mathopestad area in

Western Transvaal as the tiny community held a

three-day program to voice their stand against removals this week.

And residents were full of hope that showers of blessing

had graced their 20-year protest and would bring a

brighter future to their land.

The ceremony, which was marked through workshops,

drama and poetry, political speeches and a graveyard

prayer meeting, was attended by about 400, mostly

.women from Transvaal's forced removal areas.

They included women's delegations from Huhudi,

Brits, Braklaagte, Bloedfontein, Machakoneng, Mogopa,

Rooigrond, Dnefontein and kwaNgema.

They jointly expressed their grievances in a Press

statement and condmened the authorities and vigilantes

for the "harrassment of our children and husbands".

"Some of our partners and children have been detained, some killed by vigilantes and many homes have

been destroyed. We charge the State to stop moving

people forcefully from the land of their forefathers. This

action has resulted in too much bloodshed. We hope

someone listens to our plea, so that we may live in

harmony with our children," they said.

The government has been threatening to resettle the

Mathopestad community for over 20 years, according to

the chiefs wife and pioneer farmer Elsie Mathope.

"In 1966 government officials painted numbers on our

doors and told us the government wanted to move us to

Onderstepoort towards Rusternburg," she said.

The late Chief Rankoko

Mathope however contested the decision on the

grounds that the land was

bought by its pioneer residents in 1904.

"Our forefathers bought

both the underground and

surface land and have lived

happily ever since. We've

/9274

CSO: 3400/631

developed it and have cultivated lots of agricultural

products which we often

sell to the corporations,"

said Mrs Mathope.

The thriving community

has its own tractors and

own lots of cattle.

Their battle against removals reached its peak

two years ago when former

Minister of Co-operation

and Development Dr Piet

Koornhof said the community would definitely be

moved.

Presiding Chief John

Mathope and his delegates

approached the Black Sash

for help and their grievances were presented to

Constitutional Development Minister Dr Gerrit

Viljoen.

There has not been action from Pretoria since

early last year, when some

of the residents were taken

on tour to the new Bophuthatswana village

where they were to be resettled.

The residents have a

number of projects in the

pipeline and hope to build

a clinic in the area.

They have built two

schools which offer education up to Std 7.

82
SOUTH AFRICA

NECC COORDINATOR DISCUSSES DEVELOPMENTS IN EDUCATION STRUGGLE

Johannesburg WORK IN PROGRESS in English Nov/Dec 86 pp 17-19

[Interview with Eric Molobi, national coordinator of National Education Crisis

Committee by Jon Campbell; date and place not given]

[Text]

How has the NECC developed since its

Durban conference in March?

The conference decided to set up the

People's Education Commission under the

leadership of Zwelakhe Sisulu. The

commission consists of civic

associations, trade unions, parents,

students and even some priests. Two

subject committees have already been set

up: a history subject committee and an

English subject committee. A research

unit for the development of a curriculum

has also been established.

Some prominent academics have given

support to the new system and others

have shown willingness to do so.

A national office has been set up in

Johannesburg and is functioning well, as

are regional offices.

But the state of emergency has

affected other structures, such as the

parent-teacher-student associations

(PTSAs), although SRCs are still

functioning in some areas.

Has the NECC developed a national

structure? And if so, what form has it

taken and how does it operate?

The Wits Conference of December 1985,

convened by the SPCC, decided that if

the state failed to meet its demands,

another-conference, national in

structure, would be held.

Three members of the SPCC formed part

of a national structure (the NECC), with

one member from each of the other

regions. This is how the NECC developed

a structure.

Notwithstanding state of emergency

restrictions, every region holds

meetings from time to time. Reports are

co-ordinated and sent to other regions

to keep them informed. In these meetings

students, teachers and parents

participate.

The NECC has on occasion negotiated with

educational authorities. What gains have

been made through this, and is there a

limit to these forms of negotiation?

What conditons does the NECC lay down

before embarking on such action?

The NECC operates on mandates. We

consult and consult again. Conditions in

South Africa, specifically in education,

change so often. New situations of

tension turn out new demands at every

turn. This creates a need to remain

keyed-in to students, parents and

teachers at all times.

The type of negotiations we hold with

government functionaries are not to be

83
equated with talks that may occur

between government officials and the

national leadership of the liberation

movement. Our negotiations do not touch

on issues of the transfer of power, or

cessation of armed confrontation. Our

negotiations result from unbearably

repressive measures in the townships.

The NECC is sensitive to the national

demand that discussions between it and

the DET should take place. We are

concerned with the deteriorating

education situation, with thousands of

our children condemned by ministerial

decree to roam township streets and face

SADF casspirs.

The NECC has already approached the

DET. But government and the DET have to

remove some obstacles before

negotiations can begin. These include:

* Written permission for the NECC to

consult with students. We must be able

to report back and consult with our

constituency. Otherwise discussions are

futile;

* A guarantee that our detained

members, students and teachers, once

released, will be able to participate in

discussions, and not be redetained;

* Release of our members and students

from detention.

In addition, new issues thrown up by

the changing conditions. For example,

discussions on the examination issue are

going on between students to finalise a

position on it.

What kind of programmes has the NECC

embarked upon, and how successsful have

these been?

One of the major programmes is People's

Education. As mentioned, we are making

progress, albeit under the restraining

conditions of a clampdown.

Issues to be embarked upon will be

curriculum development, gathering

information, and in the long run

suitable books will be written. PTSAs

are being revived in some parts of the

country. The SRCs were affected by the

closure of schools but student

structures continue, as seen in the

emergence of the National Students

Co-ordinating Committee.

What are the present demands and future

needs of the NECC?

* We need to establish other regional

administrative offices;

* Students.need to broaden their

structures and co-ordinate campaigns

with those of workers and communities;

* While traditional educational demands

must still be campaigned for, a broader

strategy of opening people's schools,

counter to the official policy of

closing schools, needs to be embarked

on. Structures like street committees

must be fully used in this regard;

* Exams must be postponed, as students

are not ready for them. The DET must be

flexible enough to accomodate this;

* Propaganda camps must be stopped

forthwith;

* Detained students, NECC leaders and

teachers must be released immediately;

* The freedom to meet, consult and

discuss with students and the community

must be accepted;

* There are needs for resources and

resource personnel, for example

researchers. In this regard, NECC needs

a stronger bond with resource

organisations;

* PTSAs should be established

nationally;

* There is a need for organisations

such as the National Education Union of

South Africa (NEUSA) to start seminars

on new methodologies to teach people's

education.

How has the state of emergency affected

the NECC?

Many PISA members have been detained, as

well as students and teachers. We have

In most cases operated in semiunderground conditions, but much work

has been able to go on.

The worst aspect has been the state's

attempt to cut the link between NECC and

the community. We have recently seen an

attempted vilification of the NECC

through SABC TV, pamphlets, radio news

84
and so on. But this will not destroy the

NECC. We have learnt new methods of

operation. Regionally, decisions have

been taken democratically and I believe

we shall emerge stronger and more

resilient.

What is the relationship between the

NECC and other student and teacher

organisations?

The NECC tries to maintain a very close

relationship with students. On our

executive is a member of the students

national co-ordinating structure.

The Azanian Students Organisation

also has a member on the NECC executive.

Students and academics will sit side by

side on the people's education

commission and different subject

committees. Our policy is that we will

learn from students while they learn

from us.

The NECC is an organic combination o£

student activism, parental caution and

academic foresight all merging together

under the broad guiding principles of

the progressive, non-racial, democratic

movement.

Traditionally, the NECC has had good

relationships with teacher

organisations, in particular the African

Teachers Association of South Africa

(ATASA) and NEUSA. At both our

conferences, teacher organisations like

the Western Cape Teachers Union (WECTU),

the Democratic Teachers Union (DETU),

ATASA a'td NEUSA participated.

We hope a broad teachers' federation

will soon emerge. We also hope that

traditionally progressive teachers'

associations will take the lead in

instituting seminars and programmes that

will unify and strengthen the education

struggle.

What relationship does the NECC have to

the PTSAs?

PTSAs are an integral part of the NECC,

involving teachers, parents and students

at school level.

The PTSAs affiliate to crisis

committees, for example the SPCC, and

these in turn affiliate to regional

crisis committees, eight of which form

the NECC national executive.

PTSAs are to the NECC what street

committees are to civics and the UDF.

They are the basic organs of power in

«-hat they democratically take decisions

at school level. They connect the school

with the community it serves, involving

parents and the community in the

functions of a school. The school

therefore cannot pursue a line

ideologically and academically hostile

to the broad community.

• These are the concrete manifestations

of the slogan 'People's Education for

People'8 Power'.

In some regions the NECC's relationship

with ATASA seems controversial. What is

being done about this?

The NECC-is aware of areas in which

ATASA is said to be hostile to teachers

that belong to progressive teacher

organisations. The NECC believes that

the ordinary membership of ATASA is not

hostile and needs to be brought closer

to progressive ideas.

The guiding principle directs the

NECC's relationship with ATASA is that

in this phase of the national democratic

struggle, education has become the arena

of sharpening contradictions between

mass aspirations and represssive forces.

The need is therefore to close ranks,

and broaden the mass base in order to

isolate the enemy. Though slow, there

are changes within ATASA, for example a

withdrawal from government structures.

There must now be a move to join COSATU

and a willingness to meet with other

teacher associations for joint

programmes.

However, progressive organisations

need to be flexible, and understand that

to cut links completely with ATASA is

tactically incorrect. We can never throw

willing allies into the hands of «"j

enemy. Progressive teacher organisations

must take the lead in devising

strategies that benefit not only their

sectional interests, but also those of

the broad democratic movement.

85
/9274

CSO: 3400/648

Could you outline NECC»a relationship to

UDF and COSATU, and its role In the

•national united action* campaign? What

are the aims of the campaign and what

action is envisaged.

The UDF is the most advanced gain made

by our people in recent history. So is

COSATU. It is obvious that these

organisations must play a role in NECC.

The NECC does not intend to be another

front. The UDF and COSATU are the

leading organisations in their

respective fields. Promlnant figures

within the UDF are to be found in the

structures of the NECC. The People's

Education Commission includes names like

Stofile and Mkhatshwa, as well as COSATU

people.

Our struggle is multifaceted, with

many areas of activity. The present

•national united action' is a point that

indicates the linkages of struggle

dictated by conditions at ground level

in this country.

The campaign aims to:

* Expose the effects of the emergency

on our people; and

* Unite a cross-section of our people

to stand up and show their abhorrence of

apartheid.

Each organ, each facet, will devise a

programme in this regard. Through

constant discussion and consultation

each will work towards a national

manifestation of abhorrence of apartheid

and repression under apartheid.

86
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

BLACK PARENTS ON SCHOOL CHILDREN-Given total freedom of choice and with an

absence of an intimidation, 93 percent of urban black parents would vote for

their children to be in school. The question posed was: "If you had a free

choicefdo you think black children should be in school?" The only blip in

the pattern of responses, according to the researchers, came from the 18-24

age group, where eight percent answered "No." Only 19 percent of respondents

believed it was right for schools to be boycotted "in the interests of the

fight against apartheid." More than two-thirds branded boycotts as wrong

because of the damage to the educational progress of the children. Among

the younger 18.24 generation, 82 percent of the females condemned school

boycotts because of the harm to educational progress while the proportion

slipped to 55 percent among males, [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English

1 Dec 86 p 8] /9274

URBAN BLACKS ON WORK STAYAWAYS CALLS—Nearly one-third of urban black men

polled in the survey claimed they ignored work stayaway calls. An equal

number said they "often" heeded the stayaways and 17 percent sai^ they sometimes" did so. More than one in five chose not to comment. Of those who

heeded stayaway calls, 59 percent did so willingly and one in three said they

did so with reluctance. The rest declined to talk about their attitudes Mr

Henry Barenblatt, joint head of the survey unit, said the results indicated a

lack of solidarity among urban blacks when it came to obeying stayaway calls,

»Remove the element of intimidation," he said, "and stayaway figures may reflect a different picture, with the exception of younger men who indicated a

more militant attitude. "It is clear, too, that while -Payees may have been

sympathetic towards enforced stayaways there could be an emerging trend of

hardening attitudes." Most militant, according to the survey analysts, appeared to be men aged between 18 and 24 (67 percent).those aged 50 or older

(60 percent) those who earned R800 a month or more (62 percent), and, specifically! most workers in the PWV area (62 percent). [Text] [Johannesburg

THE STAR in English 1 Dec 86 p 8] /9274

URBAN BLACKS ON GOODWILL TOWARD WHITES-One in every two urban blacks agrees

with the proposition that in spite of apartheid there is much « ^

U

»*

blacks towards whites. About one in four disagrees. Of the balance 12 percent stay ambivalent and 14 percent say ther "don't know." Asked whether

over the past 12 months they had personally found that relations between

blacks and whites had Improved-whites were more friendly, 32 percent of black

87
Zl »hl?! S a8reed;

Yet 2? Percent said "lations had deteriorated

thoJS !lTe m°

re "npleasant

-

Four ** 10 had found »no change." Half

thought events over the past 12 months had damaged goodwill TTextl

[Johannesburg THE STAR in English 1 Dec 86 p 8] /9274

URBAN BLACKS ON RECREATIONAL FACILITIES-Nearly three in every 10 urban

Snets restaurant T?*? Wacial» recreational facilities sill as

cinemas, restaurants and hotels, or multiracial beaches. As many as 47

percent of urban black men told pollsters they had never used^hl facilJ ü ü ?

e 6 SUPposed relaxation of apartheid. However, 32 percent had

visited cinemas, 29 percent had meals in restaurants, 23 percent had stayed

ScSS w£ 19

N

Perient (riSin8 t0 4

°

Per"nt in D

"

rban> had used m^S! racial beaches Nearly two-thirds of these people—65 percent-said their

experiences had been trouble-free, but 28 percent said they had encountered

unpleasantness. Five percent made no comment and three percent said they

•SÄ.?"^^^ TTenCed Pr0blemS« ^ ~

1£.t£ rewnitffl^n J

that °ne in f

°

Ur blacks Pa

"onising previously «11-

ttttlTl\ enCOUnter ^Pleasantness is disturbing. »But, equally, the

fact that 65 percent went to these places without any problems is an enr?St? ?T SCt0r K

hat Sh°Uld SPUr the remOVal of the Group Areas Act." [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 1 Dec .86 p 8] /9274

VAAL BLACKS WORSE OFF-Tfae economic position of blacks in the Vaal Trianale

deteriorated last year in a climate of increasing unemployment, says Unisa's

Bureau for Market Research. Those aged 20 to 29 are beinfhit hardest by unemployment The average annual income of black multiple households in the

SfP'° Sebokeng, Evaton and Sharpeville amounted to R7.401 in 1985

[Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 3 Dec 86 p 3] /9274

SfnEM

E

!;EVEL F0R B^

CKS

~

The household subsistence level for South

African blacks increased by only 10 percent during the past year a survey

by the Institute for Planning Research at the University^ of Port'ElizaS

thTr; *

1rJeft8; ,iS "a

PPreciably I»-" than expected» when compared to

»?L ^T6r

f " ^

deX (CPI) °f 18'7 Percent of a

ll 8""P« m urban centres The increase for coloureds and blacks during the past six months is well

below the official CPI increase of seven percent for the lower income groups

level forTb?S°h,; l^T^T*S^ the aVera8e h°

USehold subsistence" level for a black household in the five major urban centres-Johannesburg

TtJ^QaPe TOWn'

Durban' Bl°emfontein and Port Elizabeth-is expected'to

reach R491.88 by September 1989. Over the six-month period from April to

tT^*l ,

1

%

year'the bi8heSt Percentage increases were shown by

Bloemfontein 7.9 percent); Boksburg (7.8 percent); Benoni (8.7 percent);

r?L? Ve7h

hlgh J2

-

4 percent for k

^a Thema, Springs," the report said.

IText] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 Nov 86 p 15] /9274

l^t °

F

rTELAND VI0LENCE-^hannesburg-A total of 290 ex-detainees attended

courses this year at s1X youth centres in the country and more than half of

v^ZZt mi rS\f

6

^

pa

y

tment of Education and Training (DET) confirmed

yesterday. The chief DET liaison officer, Mr Job Schoeman, said 160 of the

290 who attended courses were under the age of 21. Mr Max Coleman, of the

88
Detainees Parents Support Committee, said yesterday the youth centres had

been "totally discredited," He said detainees were graded in prison according to their political awareness and those with the least political awareness

had been recruited for the camps: "One can only suspect that purpose...is to

recruit for an informer network." Spokesman for the National Education Crisis

Committee, the Rev Molefe Tsele, said yesterday, "We are still waiting to see

a student come forward asking to attend such courses. He said it was

clear detainees had Hobson's choice of either remaining m detention or attending the courses. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY m English 5 Dec 86

p 3] /9274

YOUTH CAMPS FOR EX-DETAINEES—The dismissal of an application in the Pretoria

Supreme Court for the invalidation of the incorporation of Moutse into KwaNdebele could signal the beginning of a new push by the homeland's leaders for

independence, according to community leaders from the region Representatives

of the Moutse Civic Association (MCA) and the KwaNdebele Youth Organisation

(KYO) told a Press conference in Johannesburg yesterday that the legal defeat,

the election of new Chief Minister George Mahlangu, and various other pointers,

led to fears of a harsher imposition of authority and a possible resurgence of

violence in the area. The organisations plan to lodge an appeal against the

iudpment. And they told of plans for a campaign of passive resistance to

counter any independence moves. On August 12, after months of violence in the

area the KwaNdebele Legislative Assembly overturned its decision to opt tor

independence. KYO spokesman Vusi Mathumba said that the anti-independence

Prince James Mahlangu, who was released from detention days before losing the

contest for the chief ministership, had discovered that a cabinet meting on

December 1 had ordered the detention of about 1,000 anti-mdependence activists He also said it was believed the banned Imbokodo vigilante group was

bein* reestablished. MCA spokesman Morgan Mathebe said the people of Moutse

wouia continue to resist incorporation into the hejmeland The chief minisoffice could not be reached for comment. [Text] [By Alan Fine] ter's

[Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 5 Dec 86 p 3] /9274

CSO: 3400/658

89
SOUTH AFRICA

RAJBANSI PRAISES INDIAN SUCCESS IN NAVY

Durban POST NATAL in English 3-6 Dec 86 p 2

[Article by Bobby Harrypersadh]

[Text]

THE chairman of the

Ministers' Council in the

House of Delegates, Mr

Amichand Rajbansi, said

Indians had achieved excellent results in the

navy in a short space of

time.

Mr Rajbansi was taking the salute at the passing out parade of 63

trainees who graduated

at the SAS Jalsena

naval base on Saturday.

He said the navy had

been "foreign" to Indians,

but in the last 12 years it

had become part of the

community's life.

Mr Rajbansi said 2 238

Indian volunteers had

passed through the unit,

and of this number 724

were still serving at all

levels in the SA Navy

Permanent Force.

At Saturday's graduation, two of the trainees

— petty officer A Gounden and seaman K Singh

— received the Pro Patria medal awarded by

the chief of the South

African Defence Force

(SADF) for services rendered in prevention or

combating of-terrorism.

Six Good Service

medals were also

awarded to chief petty

officers MS Chetty, A Pillay, E Naidoo, P Sonna

and S Ganasan and leading seaman N Chellan for

distinguished service

over a 10-year period.

Other awards went to: petty officer

Y Vincent (best instructor); petty officer A Plllay (parade training); seaman

P Govender (best trainee); seaman N

Ponen (second best trainee); seaman P

Govender (smartest trainee); J Singh

(seamanship); seaman N Ponen (leadership); seaman D Brijlal (hardest trier);

seaman KS Naidoo (espiril de corps);

seaman P Govender (best shottlst);

seaman R Ganesh (best orator); seaman K Naidoo (neatest trainee); seaman K Naidoo (dux shield for highest

academic results); leading seaman K

Govender (most Improved musician);

seaman N Ponen (outstanding boatwork); Maintop division (best division);

Quarterdeck division (best division in

sports); Able seaman MM Naidoo (best

workshop performance): Able Seaman

S Kisten (best student).

/9274

CSO: 3400/632

90
SOUTH AERICA

GERMAN DISINVESTMENT UNLIKELY, AUTO FIRMS REMAIN CONFIDENT

Manufacturers Feeling Crisis

Munich SUEDDFJJTSCHE ZEITUNG in German 23 Oct 86 p 26

[Unattributed article: »German Firms Holding Their Position in «» °^'_£*

Crisis Has Left Mark on Economic Relations.»; first paragraph is SUEDDEUTSCHE

ZEITUNG introduction]

TTextl Bonn (AP)--In contrast to the American competition, the large

Enterprises in the Federal Republic are not thinking of a pullout from South

Africa. The leading business organizations, as well as spokesmen for firms

concerned, stated unanimously during an AP survey on Wednesday that no one is

Srr^Ty planning to emulate the U.S. firms of IBM, General Motors and

Honeywell and leave the Cape of Good Hope because of civil war-like unrest and

economic crisis. Nevertheless, the depression in South Africa has left deep

marks on economic relations with the FRG, the country's third largest trading

partner (export share 13 percent).

About 300 German firms maintain branches in South Africa. They employ a total

of 45,000 workers and take it upon themselves to pay the black workers

considerably better than what is prescribed by the state and is customary in

the country's business world.

Imports Stable

The FRG exported goods valued at DM998.9 million to South Africa in the first

ouarter of 1986—that means a drop of almost 30 percent as compared with the

previous year, which is above all attributed by ministry of economics experts

to the general economic crisis in the Cape. On the other hand, imports from

South Africa are seen as stable. Imports dropped by a mere 2.6 percent with

DM746.8 million worth of goods. A downward trend is also seen in direct

investments by German businessmen. Investments valued at DM5.6 billion were

still covered by Hermes Federal Securities on 31 December 1985--6.4 percent

less than a year before. "We do not know anything about a larger German

enterprise planning to pull out of South Africa," said Dieter Rath, spokesman

for tne Federal Association of German Industry (BDI). A leading automotive

91
StttditSlS to^^^ **"  a »social program» for black workers

country^» ^' d°

SQmethin5 like that if you want to leave the

A spokesman for Siemens AG, Munich, confirmed that the company will stay with

i^Plf?tS ?

S

.°Uth Africa'

in ** <* ^^ "d elecS^Y

implem^nts are produced predominantly by black workers. »We have been in Souto Africa ?o?

many years and will also stay. We would soon be represent^ ^ only very few

countries if we were to pull out of all of them with p^ticeF^toSuL*»

Siemens employs about 5,000 workers in South Africa. VolkswSen AG

Wolfsburg, also intends to stay in the Cape with its 6,000 jobs, eSSääi ite

sSr'cS srs^ss^

heavy ^osses iast year

- ^

e fi *Ä£ce£

^ro^lfbS'sSp^tSS ££" Year'

a dOWnWaid ^***' h—'

Social Ctefinmitment

Ef^Sf^? ^°tor 5?? Af

(BMW) °f Munidh'has held out comparatively well

^Tfrom 3Sr000 Aäif? ^^TfigUreS in *" «tzy dropped «K^T 301,000 (1981) to an expected 180,000 (1986), the South African

subsidiary was able to raise its share of the market from 6 4percent toT£

percent. BMW employs around 2,000 workers in Sou4 Tfäca ?K> £ >s

»social commitment» in South Africa is seen against this background accorSinS

Auto Firms Recording Losses

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ALIGEMEINE in German 28 Oct 86 p 14

[Text] Frankfurt/Main, 27 Oct-Over the weekend BMW's South African si*«idi*w

buSSSSTSS^iinä PJ^10111^' educational projects and aid for small

ousmessmen are planned at an expense of nearly three million CM The mar»«*«-

2ouftnTSirl?s

n

oSftrr' r*? HasLii s' «i^ ^££5 Stet » Itii^ iik/Äi^ \

con?ontatiOT between South Africa a

"d the AfHfU v^l ?^ • ^

tw°German automobile manufacturers in South Africa, Volkswagen and Daimler-Benz, BMW intends to stay in the Cape Daimler

£ hSSSS^tSS fSially £5 ** SC"

ial °n

S\2S-emp?oyeLr «L/«!^? 5^ training a few days before. On the other hand, General Motors

2 liSTaaSFK'S•

inVeStlr

*

S

°

Uth ****' decla^ ^S ago S

the^m^n^aso?for^h^riCT f^1*^'. «* mentioned economic motives as tne main reason for this. Analysts believe that after seliinrr -hr, Q^-HV,

African owners General Motors will again acquire prolitlfJörn thi SS

African subsidiary company, which has shown loS or" S^y^^

SXe^rT^ fSeSv: =? ^

d a nUmber °f tijnes teen ^enSonefJs a^y£

A?r£L ?^SLr?^rS braiS? in,

South Afric^ ^t denied this. BMW-Souto ^Ä^5S^ir5Ufi^

h

^

S 0nly P*0

****» facility outside the FRG, does about DM360 million m business a year. As the third largest seller

92
after Toyota and Volkswagen, BMW has raised its share of the market to 7.6

percent now—it is not that high on any other market in the world—and is

exporting cars and spare parts, even to the Federal Republic. BMW was

recently the first firm of the automotive industry in South Africa to agree to

a 40-hour week, the first to pay the minimum wage demanded by the national

automotive union and to promise to support a day-care center for the children

of employees, which is important to the South African trade union movement.

The firm has a yearly turnover of roughly EMI billion.

South African automotive enterprises have been recording high losses for

several years: they are estimated at a total of just under EMI billion for

last year. The market has too many suppliers, even though several businesses

have already suspended their activities. Production capacity is at 600,000

cars, but the need is only for 200,000. Alfa Romeo, Peugeot and Renault

pulled out in 1985. Ford and Sigma merged and closed two assembly plants.

The number of producers dropped from 12 to seven. Automotive manufacturing is

the country's largest secondary industry, with 230,000 jobs, including 31,000

working directly in production plants. Sales figures have dropped sharply:

they were 25 percent lower in 1985 than in the year before, and there was a

further sharp drop by early summer of this year. This was ascribed to the bad

economic situation, the introduction of taxation on company cars (about 60

percent of new car sales are for "company fleets»), the continuous increase in

the sales tax and the price increases for motor vehicles and gasoline. Three

fifths of the new cars are in the compact car class, which was not

particularly popular in the country at the cape: a sign of the crisis. The

producers remain hopeful. They are now banking on the market of blacks and on

need for replacements. And the sales figures have actually risen again m the

past months.

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93
SOUTH AFRICA

JOHANNESBURG'S CDB SUCCESSFUL IN ATTRACTING TENANTS

Johannesburg THE STAR (Metro) in English 3 Dec 86 p 1

[Article by Frank Jeans]

[Text]

Despite the suburban shift and forecasts of downtown s eventual death, central Johannesburg remains

a vibrant business area and in office accommodation

terms alone, the city appears to be winning the battle

for tenants.

There is little doubt too that with the inevitable

removal of the Group Areas Act, city letting will get

even stronger. Indeed, even now the relaxation of the

Act has seen a significant number of property deals

signed up with black businessmen.

An indication of the comparatively more stable

city leasing market is seen in a report from one of

the country s major landlords and development companies Anglo American Property Services - the

group behind many city centre projects.

Six of the main central properties under the

Ampros banner reflect an overall 85 percent occupancy, with the Carlton, Barnib House in Diagonal

Street and African Life in the high nineties.

The Southern Life block is 91 percent full and the

Johannesburg Consolidated Investments' building has

an 85 percent tenancy, while the Butterfly building in

ercenf *

relatively the P00r Performer at 50

Research.

Ampros research of property developments completed in the past two years or cun ntly under construction reveals that buildings in decentralised areas

such as Parktown, Rosebank, Sandton and Randbure

have an average 36 percent vacancy factor compared

with 19 percent in the Central Business District of

Johannesburg. This breaks down to 90000sqm and

S3 000 sq m respectively.

"Rentals in the suburbs will remain under pressure

until a significant portion of the vacant space has

been let says Mr Graeme Lindop, manager office

leasing of Anglo American Property Services

"Rents in the suburban areas are unlikely to improve until mid-1988 because of the substantial over-

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hang. On the other hand, i believe, rents in central

Johannesburg will harden by the fourth quarter of

next year."

Endorsing the view that the city property market

is picking up is Mr Ian Watt, regional property market of Old Mutual.

"Conditions are improving and next year

looks promising when

people begin making decisions again," he says.

And while Old Mutual's

new project on the site of

the old BP Centre comes

out of the ground and is

still about three years

away from occupancy

date, there are a lot of inquiries from business.

Strong interest, too, is

reported in the Prudential's super block taking

shape on the Colosseum,

site in Commissioner

Street and which is due

for completion in 1988.

Certainly, though, the

inherent strength of central Johannesburg rests

in the reform process and

while many developers

and planners might assume that even in changing patterns unrestricted

blacks will continue to

live and congregate in

the townships, there are

others who see this attitude as a fallacy.

Movement

Mr Eric Mafuna, managing director of Consumer Behaviour, says:

"When real political and

cultural change takes

place there will be a huge

movement of black people into the cities.

"Not all will come to

the cities to live, but

many will move in as

commuters for shopping

and entertainment, not

just to earn a living."

Mr Mafuna believes

the diehard view of seeing blacks as "objects of

suspicion" in complexes

such as the Carlton must

eventually go if the city

trading areas are to remain viable in the new

order.

"Cities will have to accept the permanent presence of black residents,

shoppers and entertainment seekers," he says.

94
SOUTH AFRICA

JOB PROSPECTS IN PRIVATE SECTOR FAIR, SCARCE IN CIVIL SERVICE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 3 Dec 86 p 11

[Article by Janine Simon]

r Texti Transvaal school leavers will have a tough time finding work in the

1

civil service next year but prospects in the private sector are

healthier than they were a year ago.

A random survey shows positions in the civil service to be

scarce. Except for key posts, vacancies are not being filled.

Departments say most positions available were filled as a result

of recruitment drives earlier in the year.

But personnel experts say there are jobs in the commercial field,

particularly with companies which have shown profits and with

large groups which have a natural, annual intake.

They also say the number of job opportunities has risen dramatically compared with a year ago.

"Most appointments will be made in December and early January. Employers are waiting for matric results," said Mr John

Dawkins, joint managing director of Kelly Girl Services.

A good matric result is essential for most positions, but job

seekers are advised to equip themselves with scarce skills, such as

word processing, shorthand and typing, said area manager for

Drake Personnel, Mrs Reinet Marsh.

"This is no time to look at job satisfaction. There is no choice

but to be pragmatic and consider the basics," she said.

School leavers are advised to seek work or training in growing

fields such as finance, computers, gold mining, service industries,

retailing and insurance.

"They should try and assess how successful a company has been

over the year," Mr Dawkins said. , A RANDOM SURVEY

In a random survey of major employers The Star found:

• The recruitment drive in the 47 000-strong police force is complete. CATC

•Limited vacancies for train control officers are open at SATS,

which employes 207 000 people. SATS is. only taking job seekers

when they are needed.

•The Department of Posts and Telecommunications has no vacancies. A total of 645 people were employed during its recruitment

drive on the Witwatersrand.

• The SAA staff of 11131 will not be growing. And, an SAA spokesman said, over the past two years new staff have been hired only

for positions which could not be filled from within.

• Barclays Bank has completed its recruitment and has hired

more than 100 staff.

The picture is more optimistic in some areas.

95
Sasol employs several thousand people each year. "There is always a job for the right person on our staff of 33 000," said a

spokesman.

Volkskas, although not refilling many vacated postions, has a

number of vacancies for matriculants and graduates in commercial subjects, a spokesman said. The bank employs 14 000 people. A

spokesman for the Standard Bank said it had hundreds of positions

for matriculants.

Gencor's mining division has more than 100 positions for school

leavers with mathematics and science as subjects, and many more

positions for apprentices, graduates and diplomates in training, and

graduates, according to a statement from the Gencor Head Office.

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96
SOUTH AFRICA

NEW CAR SALES EXPECTED TO REACH ONLY 177,000 UNITS IN 1986

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 4 Dec 86 p 11

[Text]

NEW car sales will reach only

about 177 000 units this year, says

Toyota marketing director Brand

Pretorius. Peter Cleary, the Mercedes-Benz management board

member responsible for car marketing is predicting the SA new

car market might reach 200 000

units next year.

Both share concerns throughout the

industry that new cars are being

priced beyond the reach of many

motorists. Cleary plans to expand the

pioneering scheme in which cars can

be rented through banks in an innovative variation on contract leasing.

He says: "We started the scheme

with Nedfin mainly because the introduction of fringe benefit taxation indicated a swing to company users being given allowances. The recent

taxation changes have resulted in this

motivation falling away to a large extent, but now many customers cannot

afford to buy a new car, so rental remains an attractive option.

Capital shortage

Although continuing to dominate

the status-orientated quality executive car market, Mercedes-Benz has

had a difficult year with labour problems in the Eastern Cape disrupting

production schedules and the W124

model range launch adversely affected by erratic suppies of components

to the lines.

"Those supply problems are largely behind us, but we have capacity

limitations and we will not be able to

build more than 40 W124 derivatives a

day — 800 a month maximum," reports Cleary.

Dealers are now only quoting February deliveries for the 200 derivatives and between four to six months

delay in meeting orders for the 230E.

Honda sales have also had their ups

and downs because of stock availability, but still exceeded expectations

with monthly market shares hitting

around 7% when only about 5%-5,5%

had been anticipated.

Although the Merc 190 sedan is a

run-away success in Europe, exploiting the small quality status car sector

which the BMW 3 series has made its

own in SA, the decision to manufacture Hondas in this country and not

the 190 range hasproved a wise longterm decision for Mercedes-Benz SA.

Existing Honda body styles will

continue next year, but there will be

new product action resulting from the

introduction of revised engines expected early next year.

The advances made by Mercedes

Japanese competitors in launching

new high specification models into

the executive car market sectors concerns the European-sourced SA manufacturers, who cannot compete on

price. But status still plays a major

role among SA motorists and the success of the BMW 3 series appears to

be largely a result of buying down

from larger BMWs and Mercs now

priced beyond the reach of many.

Pretorius says many buyers forced

to move down to smaller cars are surprised to find how much these have

improved in recent years.

He reckons the market will continue to be depressed, and expects

new car sales this year to reach only

177 000 units compared to 301000 in

1984. "This means less will be sold

than in 1973."

In 1983 the average price paid for a

new car in SA was R12 021, while the

average white household income was

R19 560. In other words, the typical

white buyer paid 61% of his household's yearly income to buy a new

car. This year he is having to lay out

88% of his household's earnings with

the average new car costing R24140

and income only rising to R27 458.

Before the economic crunch came

last year, car price increases were

generally lower than the CPI. This

year they have exceeded it by 29%,

mainly as a result of the depressed

rand against other major currencies.

Local inflation has played a big part

also, particularly in pushing up running costs astronomically. Insurance

premiums have sky-rocketed and the

cost of replacement parts affected by

the low exchange rate have, in some

cases, tripled.

A notable trend because of the tight

economic situation and the high purchase price of new cars is for owners

to extend their vehicle's lives. Replacement cycles which used ta be

50 000km or two years, or 80 OOOtaopr

three years have gone up to 100000

and 130 000km respectively. Some

larger fleets are now trading in cars

with 200 000km on the odometer.

Private owners who in the 1970s

would replace cars after 40-48

months now hold on to them for six or

sevenyears.

But Pretorius believes "the worst

is now behind us" and that new car

price increases should move more in

line with the CPI, with domestic inflation being the crucial factor. The

rand/dollar rate appears to have stabilised, although the main influence

on local car production and parts

costs are the rates against the Japanese yen and German Deutschemark.

The expensive yen hits Nissan,

Samcor's MMI products and its

97
Japanese-sourced small Ford cars

and bakkies, Honda and Toyota. The

rand's weakness against the DM particularly affects VW, GMSA, BMW

and Mercedes. There are no longer

any French, British or Italian cars

made in SA since the pull-out by Renault, Peugeot, Citroen and AlfaRomeo, as well as that of Leyland

concentrating on commercial vehicle

manufacture.

There are signs of manufacturers

seeking more alternative sources for

car components to mitigate the worst

exchange rate problems. Australia,

South America and Asia are possibilities if sanctions do not interfere too

much with continuity ofsupply.

We are also likely to become more

dependent on sources other than direct supplies from Japan and Germany because of a trend for longer

model lives in Third World markets

and SA and more multinational

sourcing policies by the big motormaking companies.

Over-capacity

SA remains bedevilled by production over-capacity and high overheads which cannot be amortised

over sufficient volumes of cars.

Pretorius benefits from a Natal

plant which has long been acknowledged as an industry leader with its

stable predominantly Zulu workforce

and a sophisticated facility which is

currently 69% utilised, well above the

industry average.

SA manufacturers are typically

running at only about 60% of capacity, and in some cases this is further

aggravated by labour disputes like

the GMSA strike in PE.

black market for minibuses and battling head-on with Toyota for the profitable bakkie business.

The wild card in the pack is the

General Motors operation, now being

restructured under local ownership

and playing its future car product

cards close to its chest. There is much

speculation that GMSA may switch

eventually from German to Japanese

sourcing for its cars.

Both Pretorius and Cleary suffer

from the trend for internal group

fleet buying by companies associated

with a motor manufacturer in a big

corporate group. Examples here are

Sanlam's Nissan and Anglo's Samcor.

Pretorius says that in one case it

results in a 1800-strong vehicle fleet

turning its units over after four

months on very favourable buy-back

terms which independent manufacturers are hard-pressed to match.

Samcor is one manufacturer which

has invested heavily in automation

and robots to increase both quality

and productivity.

The continuing investment during

the downturn seems an anacronysm,

but the motormakers regard it as essential to ensure that the few of them

left keep a viable share of a market

which could still have considerable

long-term potential.

Most of the rationalisation among

manufacturers seems to be over, although individually they continue to

rationalise their line-up of models

and derivatives to achieve some

economies of scale. They are also targeting their efforts to the market sectors in which they are strongest, typified by the close battle between

Toyota and Volkswagen — and Samcor by blending its Ford and MMI

marques — for the volume sector.

The top executive car market has

become Mercedes' territory, while

BMW exploits to the full the unique

potential of the 3 series.

Nissan — and Samcor — benefit

from their financial group affiliations

for fleet business, with Nissan also

making the most of its strength in the

SA IS out of step with an important

technological and consumer motoring trend.

While the European market for diesel-engined cars has more than tripled since the start of the decade,

here it has shrunk to a mere couple of

hundred units annually.

European motorists are so attracted by the fuel-saving and long life,

with minimal maintenance advantages, of diesel engines that a survey

by Euromonitor Publications forecasts they may hold a fifth of the total

European car market by 1990.

Diesel car sales in the 12 major

European countries could top 1,6-million this year, with more than half of

them in Italy and Germany.

The best-selling derivative of the

new "mini-Merc" range is the diesel

190D. And leading European manufacturers have diesel options to all

their main model ranges, with the

rapid technological improvements

extending down into the small car

sector.

Volkswagen, Peugeot and Mercedes-Benz all used to have diesel

models available in SA, but diesel fuel

supplies pose potential problems because of the refining situation in this

country. * """

Government has deliberately inhibited the growth of diesel-engined

cars: there used to be inhibitions on

their promotion, there is still a surcharge on them.

Only Mercedes perseveres and caters for the few loyal local diesel car

buyers — mainly farmers.

Just released on the local market is

a diesel-engined version of the new

W124 series, called the 300D. It features a six-cylinder 3-litre engine

which is completely encapsulated

with extensive sound dampening to

make it competitive in quietness with

petrol-engined executive cars.

It costs around R74 000 for the

manual transmission version and

nearly R78 000 for the four-speed

automatic transmission — as a result

of the surcharge. Even with fuel consumption only 71/100km at 120km/ h,

there is a long payback period in

which the high initial cost is offset by

fuel savings.

Sanctions and continuing research

into using alternatives to stretcn

national diesel fuel supplies might

open up the diesel car market sometimeiin the future.

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98
SOUTH AFRICA

INVENTIONS CORPORATION AIMING AT ADVANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 26 Nov 86 p 3

[Text]

THE SA Inventions Development

Corporation (Saidcor) will expand its

activities next year with the injection

of between R50m and RIOOm for the

advancement of SA technology.

The corporation's annual report

says the publication of the White

Paper on „Industrial Development

Strategy has given impetus to the

development of new technology

which will benefit industry.

"Saidcor has been investigating

closer co-operation with other statutory bodies as well as the implications of attracting investment from

the private sector with a view to expanding its services.

"Considerable progress has been

made in this regard," the report says.

Currently a subsidiary of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Saidcor is to be controlled jointly in future by the CSIR,

Industrial Development Corporation

and private industry.

The decision is part of the CSIR's

new hand-in-hand approach with industry to achieve technology transfer.

During the year under review Saidcor's income declined sharply from

R2,3m to Rl,2m.

"This sharp reduction was mainly

the result of the cessation of royalty

payments by a foreign licensee on an

ungranted patent application because

of the opposition of a third party. Only

limited claims were granted.

"If the reduction, in income from

this particular project is excluded,

there was an overall gain in income

of R181950, mainly as the result of

increased levies and interest."

The report says the Venture Funds

scheme was begining to show results

and in the past year the scheme had

progressed well despite the depressed

state of the economy.

During the year Saidcor invested a

further R5,6m in the development of

technology, bringing the total investment in projects to R12,4tn.

/9274

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99
SOUTH AFRICA

GRINAKER ELECTRONICS' RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT PRAISED

Johannesburg ARMED FORCES in English Nov 86 pp 19-21

[Text]

The fourth Grinelex Exhibition held

near Pretoria was opened recently by the

Honourable Adrian Vlok, MP, the Deputy

Minister of Defence. In his opening address the Minister paid tribute to

Gnnaker Electronics and made special

mention of the company's activities in

the field of research and development

The companies in the group maintain

four separate R and D laboratories, with

some 65 professional engineers engaged

in R and D, supported by 250 technicians

and other personnel. An extremely high

figure is devoted to R and D, at present

some 12% of the annual turnover.

With the recent acquisition of an additional company involved in Hi Tech

systems, Grinaker Electronics Holdings

now has a base of five companies involved in many different aspects of manufacture, but primarily in the electronic field.

Through its dedication to research

Grinel has achieved a number of major

breakthroughs in the communications

industry, including some world firsts

with revolutionary systems such as the

HF Frequency Hopping Tactical Radio.

The Mini Comcen (reported in Armed

Forces in July 1986), was another

outstanding achievement and at this

year's Grinelex the C-21 Remote Control

two wire RC-264 and RC-265 HF station

was demonstrated to invited visitors The

demonstration system was an unmanned C-21 tranceiver, sited near Pietermaritzburg, some 500 kilometres distant

from the control in Pretoria, using the

normal telephone line and full function of

the C-21 was obtained by the Pretoria

based operators.

Another development featured at

Grinelex 86 was the DT-200, this tactical

data terminal incorporates an HF Data

Modem which ensures telex data

reliability, even over an HF Hopping

channel. A most desirable capability in

any operational situation.

Grinel who was the first electronics

manufacturer to provide the South

African Defence Force with a technical

and maintenance facility in the operational area of South West Africa, and

who operate service contracts with the

South African Defence Force and other

government departments, included

displays illustrating their service

capability and spares back-up programme.

As a main contractor to Armscor and

the appointed system house for the

South African Navy, the company has

become an undisputed leader in its field,

a fact underlined by Deputy Minister Vlok

during his address at the opening of

Grinelex 86.

The past achievements including

space technology development, have not

lulled the company into an attitude of

resting on its laurels and according to

the top management these

achievements have, in fact, sharpened

their perspective, with the expectation of

even greater achievements in the years

ahead.

Four areas of development and

research are undertaken by different

facilities of the group:

Grinel in Pretoria concentrates on the

development of radio and data com100
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CSO: 3400/635

munications systems, underground communications sytems, threat recorders

and telemetry equipment.

The Natal installation is a specialised

research and development company for

communication systems, with a very

high Rand D capability.

At Verwoerdburg, Grinaker Electronics

Agencies is engaged in measurement

and control instrumentation, commercial

two-way radio and mining communications systems.

While Transmitton (Pty) Ltd

specialises in the design of telecontrol

systems for mine automation, process

control and energy management.

Grinelex grows bigger every year and

this year over 500 invited guests took the

opportunity to familiarise themselves

with some of the developments in the

field of communication.

101
SOUTH AFRICA

BUILDING INDUSTRY DIFFICULTIES DISCUSSED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 5 Dec 86 p 5

[Article by David Furlonger]

[Text]

INCREASED activity in the housing market, house prices to rise

15%, a continued decline in activity for building companies — and

a contraction in the increased

work being enjoyed by the construction industry.

These are the main 1987 forecasts

from the latest building and construction industries survey from Stellenbosch University's Bureau for Economic Research (BER).

In spite of a slightly more buoyant

mood among some sectors, BER says

the building industry must wait at

least another six months before business even looks like improving.

. Total value of building plans

passed in the first seven months of

this year was 15% below the corresponding 1985 period.

"This indicates that the building industry is still in the downswing phase

of its business cycle and is expected

to remain so for at least another six

months."

BER is encouraged by the 23% increase in value of plans for houses,

but not by the 38% decline in plans for

non-residential work or 20% fall in

plans for additions and alterations.

Optimism muted

"Indications are that the residential building industry will be the first

to experience an improvement in

business conditions. It will, however,

take some time for non-residential

activity to improve."

Even in the residential field, BER

optimism is muted. The over-supply

of white housing is unlikely to diminish immediately, as more building

society money is being directed towards people in lower-income

groups.

Government's R750m package for

low-income housing, meanwhile, will

go mainly to upgrading black townships and on self-help housing

schemes.

"The organised building industry

will not receive direct benefits, but

the turnover of manufacturers and

merchants of building materials will

be boosted."

Nevertheless, BER predicts that

government intervention will increase real fixed investment in the

residential sector by 7,8% next year.

Investment growth by public authorities is likely to be about 16%, and

6,9% in the private sector.

' Even with the over-supply of housing, BER predicts a steady rise in

house prices next year. Prices have

remained relatively stable this year,

but real estate activity has increased

in recent months, indicating renewed

interest in the property market.

Modest price rises

"With interest rates on bonds below

the inflation rate, we can expect a

greater demand for housing during

the next few months.

"With salary increases expected to

remain below the inflation rate next

year, potential buyers will not put too

much upward pressure on prices. On

an annual basis, prices should increase by an average of 15% during

1987."

BER says the severity of the recession in the non-residential sector is

not fully reflected in the 1986 drop of

6,4% in the real value of fixed investment — a truer figure would be more

than 10%.

It says institutional money was invested heavily in office blocks, shopping centres and industrial parks at

the start of the 1980s. Now there is an

over-supply of rentable space, which

will take two years of normal growth

to fill.

Rentals have dropped to levels

where return on capital makes new

investments unprofitable.

"Similar situations exist in industrial markets, where capacity utilisation is as low as 75%, with the result

that many expansion programmes

have been shelved."

It adds that few new projects are

being undertaken by public corporations. Many parastatals have cut back

heavily on planned expansion programmes.

The report is cagey on the effect of

sanctions on the building industry, but

adds: "With some of the overseas

companies selling their SA assets,

growth prospects must be scaled

down."

One area with potential for non-residential expansion is the townships,

where BER says there is a critical

shortage ofshopping complexes.

"Provided that deregulation continues and that changes are brought

about in the Group Areas Act, there is

good growth potential for the building

industry in these areas.

Construction hampered

"If it were made possible for whiteowned companies to own property in

102
black areas, the property markets

and buUding'tradeln those areas are

likely to become very lively.

Construction activity has been

hampered bya steady

(decline mpublie-sector demand. Although 198b is

Ukely to be only the third year since

1975 in which the industry has experienced positive growth, real activity

is below that of 1971.

"The main reason for this longterm stagnation has been a gradual

decrease in the amounts invested

each year by the public authorities—

the sector teat traditionally accounted for two-thirds of fixed investment

inconstruction works.

"In 1971, the private sectors share

in construction works investment

spending was 13%. In 1986 it is estimated to be approximately 27%, with

most of the investment taking place

inthe mining sector."

The report adds that despitea

more optimistic short-term outlook

for the economy, "chances are that

companies in the building and construction industries will have to tighten their belts evenfurther.

"Following on the higher investment figures of 1986, the output of the

construction works industry is also

expected to contract somewhat during 1987."

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103
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

DEVELOPMENT OF SOFTWARE RECOMMENDED—The development of local operating systems software could be of strategic importance to South Africa in a sanctions

situation. Andre Botha, managing director of Johannesburg-based software house

AID Systems says: "There's a lot of idle capacity which could be employed if

we had a South African operating system allowing portability of applications,"

He bases this thinking on the success his company has achieved with its broker

administration system, BROAD, "Because all our software is developed using

PICK, or PICK look-alike, we are able to port BROAD on to a wide spectrum of

hardware. Mainframe manufacture is not open to us because of costs and

technology. However, local micros and minis have been fairly successful It

is in this area where the availability of SAOS would be an asset. 'At

Stellenbosch University a small team of students has done interesting work

°

n

P

0

"^ software across, I think, 17 different makes of micro-computers

using UNIX. [Text] [Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 7 Dec 86 p 8]

WATER SCHEME IN EASTERN CAPE--GFC Mining, a division of Cementation Africa

Contracts, has completed about 15 percent of the tunneling required by the

R12.6-million Phase 1 contract for the Amatola regional watersupply scheme

in the Eastern Cape. The scheme will supply water to East London, King

William s Town, the Berlin industrial area and part of the Ciskei, Cementation s contract for Phase 1 comprises construction of the 4.8-km Wriggleswade

Tunnel and the 420~m Kei Road Tunnel. The former will carry water from the

basin of the proposed Wriggleswade dam through the watershed to the catchment

area of the Gonubie River. From there it will be conveyed by canals, syphons

and the Kei Road Tunnel to the Yellowoods River. The labour-intensive construction methods being used by GFC Mining will mean employment for 33 supervisors and 360 labourers at the peak of the project. The company expected to

complete the contract on schedule in April 1988 and the entire scheme is expected to be operational by 1992. [Text] [Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in

English 7 Dec 86 p 6] /9274

ESCOM TO ACCELERATE RURAL ELECTRIFICATION-As part of a major drive to meet

Sc 1°°"ased ^sterner demand for electricity ? Escom ig tQ gpend an additional

R25 million on rural electrification this year, increasing the planned number

of new customers from 7,500 to 8,400, it was announced in Pretoria today,

o^n Mare6'

chairraan of Escom> said it meant that by next year a total of

78,800 rural customers would be receiving electricity. He said the extra

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capital had become available as a result of savings made in both operating

and capital expenditures. Mr Maree said Escom would have erected more than

13 500 km of reticulation lines in 1986 to supply about 3,400 rural customers at a cost of "some R230 million," A further R300 million is expected

to be spent to bring electricity to rural areas in 1987. The additional amount

made available was needed to meet the increased demand for electricity on the

platteland, Mr Maree said. The demand was a result of the changes in the

tariff structure which came into effect in January, he said. [Text]

[Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 4 Dec 86 p 18] /9274

GEOPHYSICS BENEFITING FROM DP—Advanced data-processing (DP) techniques

are being used increasingly often to assist the oil and mineral-exploration

and mining industries in SA to pinpoint natural-energy and mineral reserves.

Such techniques are being used and researched at Wits University s geophysics department. The aim of the research is to assist in the interpretation of geological structures at great depths. Microcomputers form an important component of this research. Department head Branko Corner says the

computers will assist researchers and students to rapidly process data gained

during gravity, aero-magnetic, electrical and seismic surveys, and to

produce highly informative and accurate computer-generated maps of geological strata. The use of the computers also forms an integral part of the

department's training programmes. The department, in collaboration with the

SA Geophysical Association, recently presented a geophysical DP course.

Keynote speakers Ray Durrheim of the geophysics department and Alan Reid,

chief geophysicist of Tsumeb Corp, reviewed important aspects of potential

fields Fourier Transforms and the design of filters. The course also highlighted a number of new DP concepts. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in

English 4 Dec 86 p 9] /9274

JAPAN'S ELMO REPLACES KODAK—ELMO, a Japanese manufacturer, hopes to fill the

gap for audiovisual equipment after Kodak withdraws from SA, Elmo is supplying Kodak-compatible 16mm movie cameras and 35mm slide projectors to ETA

Audiovisual, who marketed Kodak in SA. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in

English 1 Dec 86 p 1] /9274

COUNTRY AHEAD ON SECURITY—SA was ahead of other countries in developing

security systems, a security expert said. Security and Electronic Laboratories

(SEL) director Hendkrik ver Loren van Themaat said yesterday labour and civil

unrest and theft in the country had prompted people to find ways to improve

security. He said few other countries were as obsessed with security as SA

but about 90% of systems installed were not up to standard. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 5 Dec 86 p 3] /9274

LOCAL ENZYMES COMPANY FORMED—A local company, Enzymes SA, has been formed as

a result of the management buyout of Danish subsidiary Novo Industries

enzymes division. The company was launched on December 1 with a buyout of

stock from Novo in SA after its parent announced the enzymes division had to

be ditched under Danish sanctions law. Former Novo enzymes division manager

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Rodney Blower is MD and Jan van Aswegen technical director. Sales of

enzymes (used in making detergents) made up about 10% of Novo's turnover

The rest came from pharmaceutical products—such as antibiotics and

insulins—which are exempt from the sanctions law. The SA firm was

launched with stock worth about R3m. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY

in English 4 Dec 86 p 3] /9274

SMALLEST IBM LAUNCHED—IBM SA has launched the smallest model of the IBM

Personal Computer family—the Convertible—on the local market. While a

few of these machines have been imported previously into the country by

independent dealers, the fact that they now have full IBM support is expected to result in significant sales to field engineers, sales staff and

others who require full-function computing away from their desks. The PC

Convertible weighs 5.6kg and will operate for up to 10 hours without a

battery recharge. It has an 80-column by 25-line detachable liquid crystal

display (LDC); 512 kilobytes (kB) of user memory; a built-in keyboard with

full-size keys; and two 720kB, 3-1/2-inch diskette drives. The LCD is

adjustable within a wide range, says IBM, and can be removed to convert the

system for use with other optional IBM desktop displays. The Convertible's

abxlxty to run application programs under the DOS 3.2 operating system proZtde*

c

°

nt"ued maintenance of software compatibility with other members of

the PC family. The unit comes with an international AC adaptor which

recharges the battery pack while simultaneously powering the system. [Text]

[Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 4 Dec 86 p 7] /9274

GENCOR BUYS COMPUTER SYSTEM-Gencor Group Information Services has bought a

R6.1m computer system from Central Data Systems (CDS) for scientific use in

the mining group's operational services division, The equipment includes

the recently released Prime 9955-11 supermini and a Masscomp 5400 high-speed

processor. Gencor's Prime 9955-11 is the second that CDS has sold in SA.

The 9955-11 is the top of the range of Prime 32-bit superminis. It can

handle up to 255 processes simultaneously, and features up to 32MB of main

memory, 64kB of cache memory and 46-nanosecond effective memory-access time.

The Masscomp 5400 features a 16.7MHz, MC68020-based CPU and has an 8kB

cache and a 12MB-a„second asynchronous memory bus. Gencor invested in the

system to use information resources more effectively and allow critical data

to be shared among geoscientists, engineers, finance professionals and managers. CES says this follows the trend in the mining and energy industries

overseas toward interactive analysis, highly integrated software and disputed processing. To date, more than 200 mining and energy companies

worldwide are using Prime systems. In 1985 alone, 95 Prime systems were

Sc iif«J?^ tI?e"?? u^lng and enerßy industry- ^ext] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 4 Dec 86 p 7] /9274

PRETORIA TECHNIKON GETS CBE LABORATORY-A large computer-based education

laboratory has been opened at Pretoria Technikon, The Plato laboratory

whxch consists of a 15.workstation cluster with a 32MB hard disk drive 'will

be served by a high-speed matrix printer. All programs are supported by a

casette tape drive. The laboratory will enable students to recall lectures

on the workstations, study the contents on screen and complete tests required

by lecturers. Lecturers can independently access students' work from their

offices—and in time, from their homes—and evaluate students» progress

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Head of academic support Piet Olckers says students will now be in a position

to test their knowledge before writing exams, "If students experience difficulties, the workstation will return to the part of the lecture where the concept or formula was explained," he says. In this way, students will not

waste time revising work which they have already mastered. "We believe

the use of this type of supplementary education system is the most effective

way in which the pass rate can be increased without having a negative impact

on the standard of education." [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English

4 Dec 86 p 7] /927A

CSO: 3400/653 END

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