300197

JPRS-SSA-86-092

10 SEPTEMBER 1986

Sub-Saharcm Africa Report

19980729 026

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JPRS-SSA-86-092

10 SEPTEMBER 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS

ANGOLA

Savimbi on RSA Support, Soviet Aggression

(Johannesburg Television Service, 10 Aug 86) ...

Statement Urges Action Against "Ideological Aggression'

(Luanda Domes tic Service, 6 Aug 86)

Angop Says RSA To Blame for Tension

(Luanda Domestic Service, 7 Aug 86)

Commentary Derides Savimbi1s Remarks

(Luanda Domestic Service, 8 Aug 86)

UNITA Representative Discusses 'Preemptive Strike'

(BBC World Service, 11 Aug 86)

BENIN

Briefs

Defense Minister on Preparedness

Desertion of MPLA Troops

Battalion Chief Captured

Briefs

Medical Aid

BURKINA

Briefs

Changes in Names of Rivers

Cuban Training Approved

MALAWI

13

13

13

14

15

15

Technical Assistance Agreement Signed With Belgium

(Blantyre Domestic Service, 8 Aug 86)

- a -
Briefs

U.S. Aid To Improve Sea Links yj

MOZAMBIQUE

Briefs

Maritime Border Talks lg

Journalists Urged To Help 18

ZAMBIA

Briefs

Oil Potential ,q

ZIMBABWE

Ministers Warn Against RSA Sabotage

(SAPA, 15 Aug 86) 20

Shamuyarira Condemns RSA 'Terrorism'

(Harare Domestic Service, 16 Aug 86) >>e 21

Chidzero Unveils Budget Before House of Assembly

(THE HERALD, 1 Aug 86) ... 22

Budget Called 'Particularly Difficult' 22

Businessmen Satisfied 2A

Ministries Vote Appropriations, by Gareth Willard, et al. 26

New Ministry for Cooperatives Established

(THE HERALD, 1 Aug 86) 31

Multinationals Said 'Gearing' for Sanctions Against RSA

(SAPA, 14 Aug 86) 32

Briefs

Ties With Indonesia, Laos OA

Effects of Sanctions' Committee 34

Gold Refinery To Be Built 3A

SOUTH AFRICA

BLACKS

Government's Hollow Promises to TBVC Citizens Reviewed

(David Braun; THE STAR, 1 Aug 86) 35

ANC Comments on Outcome of Commonwealth Summit

(Addis Ababa Radio Freedom in English to South Africa, 6 Aug 86) 37

ANC Radio Lauds Commonwealth Isolation of Thatcher

(Addis Ababa Radio Freedom in English to South Africa, 6 Aug 86) 38

- b -
ÄNC Criticizes Thatcher, Urges Concerted Action

(PANA, 7 Aug 86) 41

ANC Radio Scorns South African Pass Reforms ^ o s ... .,

(Addis Ababa Radio Freedom in English to South Africa, 8 Aug ob; 4Z

SABC Move Angers Bophuthatswana Government

(THE NEW NATION, 31 Jul-13 Aug 86) * •••

44

Kwandebele Independence Issue Splits Royal Family, Government

(Cedric Kekana; THE NEW NATION, 31 Jul-13 Aug 86) 45

Increasing Influence of Black Independent Churches Noted

(Garry Brennan; THE DAILY NEWS, 1 Aug 86) 4/

Black Pretoria Commuters Dissatisfied

(THE CITIZEN, 15 Aug 86) 4y

Sarmcol Workers Co-Op Increases Activities

(THE NEW NATION, 31 Jul-13 Aug 86) 5U

Inkatha's Uwusa Said To Invite International Isolation

(THE NEW NATION, 31 Jul-13 Aug 86) ,... •••

5Z

Fawu Planning Action To Secure Workers1Reinstatement

(THE NEW NATION, 31 Jul-13 Aug 86) ••

53

Blacks Get More Opportunities in Business World

(Claire Robertson; THE STAR, 7 Aug 86) 55

School Principal Speaks on Effects of Emergency

(Montshiwa Moroke; THE STAR, 1 Aug 86) 56

Soweto Pupils Renaming High Schools After Political Leaders

(Sipho Ngcobo; BUSINESS DAY, 30 Jul 86) 57

Briefs

200 Face Removal •***

New Jobs in Gazankulu

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Israel Intensifies Emigration Recruitment Effort

(Sybrand Mostert; SUNDAY TIMES, 27 Jul 86) 59

Commentary Warns Kaunda, Mugabe on Sanctions

(Johannesburg International Service, 4 Aug 86) 60

Commentary Says Kaunda, Mugabe To Blame for Hardships

(Johannesburg International Service, 6 Aug 86) 62

- c
Commentary Dismisses Mugabe Claim of Role Model

(Johannesburg International Service, 8 Aug 86) 63

Effects of Sanctions Discussed on 'Network' Program

(Arthur Hammond-Tooke, et.al.; Johannesburg Television Service

5 AuS86> ••• I 64

Commentary Assesses Need To Meet Sanctions Challenge

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 11 Aug 86) 68

English Press Unites To Fight Emergency

(Claire Robertson; THE STAR, 30 Jul 86) 70

Suzman, Others Criticize Government, Emergency

(SAPA, 5 Aug 86) . n

Commentary Calls for Elected National Constitutional Committee

(N. C. H. Ferrandi; THE STAR, 5 Aug 86) 74

Urban Foundation Head Discusses Reform

(SAPA, 6 Aug 86) _ 76

Commentary Evaluates Progress of Political Reform

(Johannesburg International Service, 5 Aug 86) 80

Twenty-Three Percent Urban Whites Back Talks With ANC

(CAPE TIMES, 30 Jul 86) 81

Monitoring Group Reports on Union Detentions

(SAPA, 31 Jul 86) g2

Group Reports Increase in Number of Unionists Detained

(SAPA, 7 Aug 86) 84

More Families Seen To Rely on Government Aid To Survive

(Janine Simon; THE STAR, 4 Aug 86) 86

Wits Group Tells of Strategy To Bust Rent Boycotters

(THE STAR, 4 Aug 86) 87

Official Comments on Tourism Promotion Ban

(SAPA, 6 Aug 86) 89

Briefs

Refugees Arrested in Kruger 90

ECONOMIC

Minister Views Broadening Use of Financial Rand in Investment

(SAPA, 8 Aug 86) 91

- d -
Undercover Army of 'Sanctions Busters' Prepared for Action

(David Jackson; SUNDAY TIMES, 27 Jul 86) y2

Shipbuilding Firm Lands Contract With Chilean Navy

(Graham Ferreira; THE SUNDAY STAR, 27 Jul 86) ^

Citrus Exports to Japan Halted

(Mick Collins; BUSINESS DAY, 30 Jul 86) ...

Weak Rand Costs Millions, Helps Exports

(Michael Chester; THE STAR, 31 Jul 86) * ^

Research Points Way to New Goldfields

(Dave Edwards; SUNDAY TIMES, 27 Jul 86) yy

Earnings Statistics for Whites, Blacks, Others

(SAPA, 23 Jul 86) •

1UU

Briefs Q1

Farmers Define Plight ^ * "

Exports From Sweden Decline j-~*-

Pretoria Saves Over 15 Million j

0

*

Natural Gas Reserves f-°

Six Month Trade Surplus f^z

ISCOR Chief on Ban |"~

Security Vehicle for Commercial Use 102

INDUSTRIAL/S&T

Computer Giants Reportedly Prepare 'Contingency Plans'

(David Fur longer; BUSINESS DAY, 7 Aug 86) 103

Briefs # ' inA.

Engineering Industry's Import Substitution iU^

New Pharmaceutical Plant 10^

/9986

e -
ANGOLA

SAVIMBI ON RSA SUPPORT, SOVIET AGGRESSION

MB110914 Johannesburg Television Service in Afrikaans 1800 GMT 10 Aug 86

[Text] At a recent pass in review parade of UNITA forces, Dr Savimbi expressed

himself strongly against the Russian presence in Angola and aligned himself to

South Africa. We look at an excerpt from his speech.

[Begin Savimbi video in English] I want to deal with the present situation in

which South Africa, Namibia, and Angola they are in, a very dxffxcult time _

which needs (?such) people. The South African situation is different, but xs

different because President Pieter Botha decided to make a place in the

political life, in social life, and economic life, a place for every South

African in South Africa. But because this would lead to a major victory in

South Africa the enemy has to make it [word indistinct] the major battle that

we have to face from now on will no longer te fought on the grounds of color but

on the grounds if ideology, what we want to be next, what we want the generations to come to be. We want to remain free with problems that we can settle

for which we have an idea how to formulate a strategy or we want to become

slaves of the Soviet Union, and we have the example of history that where the

Soviet Union has gone, in Poland, in Czechoslovakia, in Hungary, Bulgaria,

East Germany; those people they became more slaves than the slaves of

ancient times.

(?With) What we want to leave for the next generation we want to be (?coward)

enough not to face the enemy [as heard]—in my mother tongue there is a

proverb which says: If you are confronted with a lion gather your courage

and try to fight against it. We are confronted with the aggression from the

Soviet Union. We have to be sure [word indistinct] Soviet Union even stronger,

stronger than we in UNITA, stronger than South Africa, stronger than the

Namibians, but the proverb is there—if you are confronted by a lion gather your

courage. If you do you stand a chance to defeat the lion, but if you run away

you know what is happening. We should not have [word indistinct], what is

right, what we should do. And [word indistinct] the enemy who should be the

friend, though the situation is difficult.

If the ANC takes over power we have lost. We in Angola we have lost, you in

South Africa you have lost, the people in Namibia have lost, the next generations have lost and the Russians then have won. It is what we want to happen

in this part of Africa. The problem of whites versus blacks is gone because

President Botha is striving to find a place for everybody. But the reform
cannot succed if it is done with hesitation, unless we give a clear time to

those who want to join the reform, black, white, Indian, and colored, that

they are friends, and we stand by them. Unless we give a very clear picture

to our adversaries that they are enemies and we are prepared to face them

whatever the consequences.

I have known for the past 11 years this South Africa. I have learned to know

your anxieties, your courage, your hopes, your frustrations in your dealings with

foTvt S? TI^VJ6 PSSt'

bUt alS° *happen t0 *»>" 3r

^termination for the whites in South Africa to build up a nation where the blacks, the

Indians, and the coloreds-they will participate in facing the future of that

nation. That is a just goal that you are already embarked upon, [end video]

/9716

CSO: 3400/378
ANGOLA

STATEMENT URGES ACTION AGAINST 'IDEOLOGICAL AGGRESSION'

MB061524 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1900 GMT 6 Aug 86

[Statement issued by the MPLA-LABOR Party Central Committee Political Bureau

in Luanda on 6 August]

[Text] The achievement of independence by the Angolan people under the leadership of the MPLA-LABOR Party and the late Comrade President Antonio Agostinho

Neto on 11 November 1975 was a heavy blow to imperialism, which had been trying with all means at its disposal to prevent the installation of progressive

and revolutionary regimes in southern Africa. The creation of people's republic in Angola and Mozambique shattered old dreams of imperialist supremacy and

eternal domination on these territories, which had been the vanguard of

colonialism in our region, and at the same time opened new prospects for the

liberation struggle of the oppressed peoples of southern Africa. These events

changed the correlation of forces in the region and threatened the exploitation

of strategic resources and economic potential by the Western industrial nations.

The Angolan people's firm choice of socialism turned the People's Republic of

Angola into the main target of imperialism. This resulted in armed aggression

infiltration and puppet by bands mercenaries, commando units, and massive

disinformation campaigns with the sole objective of destabilizing, and

hastening the overthrow of its revolutionary government.

The Second MPLA-LABOR Party Congress in December 1985 was a great victory for

the Angolan people from Cabinda to Cunene, united behind the ideal of a building

a socialist motherland. The success of this event destroyed the last hopes

of the counterrevolutionary masters, who had hoped to see serious splits within

the party. Thus, they began to use new tactics, especially in the fields of

disinformation and psychological warfare in order to achieve their objectives

through more subtle, productive, and efficient ways. In the field of ideology,

the objectives of imperialism are well defined. They seek to break the

internal cohesion of the party, to undermine trust and create splits among the

ruling class with the objective of weakening ideological unity, to denigrate

the socialist path chosen by the Angolan people and to discredit the revolutionary government of the People's Republic of Angola, and to sow doubts among the

people about the MPLA leadership, seeking thus to open up a gulf between the

people and the party.
Radio, newspaper, television, and press agency reports from several Western

countries daily criticize the MPLA-LABOR Party and the People's Republic of

Angola. In most cases, this is carefully organized work in the context of a

systematic campaign of misleading propaganda, which is truly an affront to

the sovereignty and independence of the People's Republic of Angola and is

based on slander and untruths against the Angolan people and their government.

It is evident that such campaigns concentrate on certain groups of our people

tu ^

students workers, intellectuals, youths, combatants, and so on.

The MPLA-LABOR Party Political Bureau urges all members enlisted in party

grass-roots organizations and the party young wing to step up their vigilance

and appeals to the people in general to strengthen their ideological and revoluItTTy

i

hinkl?g

A

thr°u

8

h

a campaign against rumormongering taking into account

the deeply anti-Angolan and reactionary nature of reports carried by these

SSiTw' "Ü,?^6? P

ublications

» «Bia the case with AFRICA' CONFIDENTIAL, which is published in Portugal.

It is a duty of all party members, the party youth wing, combatants, intellectuals, students, workers in general, members of mass and social organizations,

and members of defense, security and internal order bodies to take action to

combat the ideological aggression that is being directed against our people.

It is the task of the entire Angolan people to be on a constant state of alertness in yiew of the reactionary nature of such publications and to block their

entry into and distribution in the territory of the People's Republic of Injola

in order to neutralize their destructive effects. It is the du?y of the entire

Angolan people under the wise leadership of Comrade President Jose Eduardo dos

Santos, to mount an energetic campaign in defense of our revolutionary gains by

duly unmasking and denouncing all enemy agents in our midst whose main pur-

?°^^S*° w*;th!

onS°ln

8 revolutionary process. The MPLA-LABOR Party

^»Cali?Uf

aU deepl?convlnced that

» " in the past, the entire Angolan

ITnllt, H -\dT

nStf?? the±r Vl8llance and fighting spirits in the face of yet

another dirty imperialist maneuver and defend our country's territorial

integrity and people's revolution. The struggle continues. Victory is certain.

/9716

CSO: 3400/378
ANGOLA

ANGOP SAYS RSA TO BLAME FOR TENSION

MB071624 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1200 GMT 7 Aug 86

[ANGOP commentary: "Pretoria's Bad Mood"]

[Text] Cynicism and diplomatic intrigue took their lowest form when the

contents of the South African foreign minister's letter to the UN secretary

general were revealed. In the letter, the South African foreign minister

accused the Angolan Government of frustrating efforts toward peace in southern

Africa.

Roelof Botha accused the People's Republic of Angola of little or no receptivity to his government's fantastic peace proposals and insisted that the

presence of Cuban troops in Angola makes it impossible for tension to be removed from southern Africa.

He said coarsely that, by rejecting talks on the Cuban withdrawal, the Angolan

Government recognizes the link between the Cuban presence and the difficulties

that it creates in the search for a solution leading to Namibia's independence.

This is the level of deception and check which the South African minority

government's foreign minister has attained.

He left the dangerous impression that the racist authorities' arrogance and

cynicism toward southern Africa and the world would increase in to their convenience and circumstances.

Besides the obvious conclusions which must be drawn from this indecorous diplomatic initiative, it must be stressed that the racist South African Government

remains arrogant, but at the same time this shows clearly that it does not know

how to act. Pretoria's despair has now reached a pathetic pitch as it resorts

to rhetoric accusing the Angolan Government of being the main pocket of tension

in southern Africa.

The South African Government's bad mood is significant. Faced with the impossibility of shirking its serious and exclusive responsibility for southern

Africa's climate of tension, the South African Government is now resorting to

accusations which belong in the realm of fiction. However, these bombastic

claims badly disguise Pretoria's despair and preoccupation, and the exclusive

responsibility for the situation experienced by the peoples of southern Africa

is solely attributable to Pretoria.
The peace proposals presented by the government of the People's Republic of

o?gn

a

?%?? '"ST' Th£ faCtS Sre Very Clear and w111 not ch**£ ^ the face of flashy diplomatic stunts.

The Angolan Government only agreed to discuss the presence of Cuban troops in

Angola to facilitate a negotiated solution to southern Africa's crisis! From

the outset, the Angolan Government made it very clear that the Cuban presence

cannot in any way be linked with Namibia's independence. presence

On 17 November 1984, Comrade Jose Eduardo dos Santos, the Angolan head of

?naa

e

'*ü £*? °

n realistic Proposals for the establishment of peace in southern Africa to Tveral. F

SeSfJnaSStinfT^d'

am°ng °th

?

B

'

the foll^ing indispensable conditions:

territory oftT ?f ^VT^,?* W*

thdrawal of South African troops from the

FAPTA f

y

S I ?

S RePublic of Angola «nder the supervision of the

FAPLA forces at the Angolan state borders and a solemn declaration by the

-Ä^tSÄ^lfc would a8ree to impWnt OTresolutL«

435/78

Should these conditions be satisfied, the government of the People's Republic

of Angola would agree to discuss with Cuba the gradual withdrawal of its

military contingent.

The Angolan Government's initiative received the support of world public

opinion from the start, especially from the other Frontline States the OAU

and the nonaligned countries. states, the OAU,

J^^AU'

S

?^St S?

mmlt

J

ln 1985 took a

very firm stand in this regard: It

InZllT ^ ?

3eC?i ^artlficlal link between the Cuban military presence

in Angola and demanded the implementation of resolution 435/78 by South Africa.

From the start, the People's Republic of Angola has identified with the concern expressed by the peoples of southern African on the dangerous evolution of

the situation in southern Africa. ^voiucion or

Angola has always reiterated that it obviously agrees with the need for *n

££*S d al"^^ "* " ***•*-!» «f tS-'S^tSt » even agreed to deal with those who carry out aggression against us.

ani?'*"113? ^

S S

°

Uth Afrlca b6en d0ln

g

? The South African Government's

7/° Angola's peace initiatives is to be found in its attempt to destroy

the Malongo petroleum installations, its brutal aggression against Cuando

SUPPOS for thfST?ninCeS-

in SePtember 1985'itS losiBtiJl and strategic support for the UNITA terrorist gang, its attack against Namibe oort anH Jto

systematic bombing of the various localities in southern Angola.' ' ^

The Angolan Government's attitude has been totally different ThP c 0 x, A

by President Jose Eduardo dos Santos in New York on the occasion of IZ \Z

anniversary of the creation of the United Nations clTally shows thf contrast

between two policies which express the antagonistic stands of Ingola and South

Africa and their effect on southern Africa's future path.
The facts prove that it Is South Africa, and not Angola, that denies constructive dialogue. However, in Pretoria's case this is more serious than a mere

refusal to enter dialogue.

While continuing its attacks on our territory—it is currently preparing one

of enormous proportions—South Africa, in what amounts to a state terrorism

offensive, is financing, arming, and coordinating strategically an organization of bandits and murderers seeking to overthrow the Angolan Government.

South Africa's sense of responsibility has dropped so low that it demands the

withdrawal of the Cuban internationalists from Angola at the same time it is

concentrating numerous troops in the north of occupied Namibia for yet another

violent aggression against our territory.

The South African Government's diatribe shows that it scorns common sense.

It seeks to falsely accuse our country of being the cause of tension in

southern Africa, when in fact we seek its immediate cessation.

The attitude of the South African foreign minister runs counter to the search

for better international relations, hinders, dialogue, and violently injures the

dignity of our independent and sovereign state.

One does not seek peace by lying so blatantly and one does not prove love for

peace by carrying out aggression against neighboring countries. This systematic aggression has made the Angolan Government suspend its contacts with

representatives of the U.S. Government and the South African Government. It

is also for this reason that President Jose Eduardo dos Santos declared on

23 January that Namibia's independence may reduce the current tension, but

it no longer is a guarantee of security for Angola.

Angola maintains all its peace proposals. For us, the dismantling of apartheid,

the implementation of UN Resolution 435/78, and the cessation of any support

whatever to the UNITA terrorist gang are the only guarantees for the establishment of peace in southern Africa.

The struggle continues. Victory is certain.

/9716

CSO: 3400/378
ANGOLA

COMMENTARY DERIDES SAVIMBI'S REMARKS

MB090500 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1200 GMT 8 Aug 86

[ANGOP commentary: "Indiscretions of a Lackey"]

[Text] The interview that the principal chief of tribalist UNITA gang gave to

American journalist, [name indistinct], of THE WASHINGTON POST, has placed the

Governments of South Africa and the United States in a very delicate political

position. Their policy of state terrorism was completely unmasked following

the interview, inasmuch as the statements made by the UNITA chief produced in

international political circles effects quite contrary to those envisaged by the

lackey of international imperialism.

Savimbi is now more discredited than before and confirmed, to the detriment of

his bosses, that the Reagan administration and the Pretoria government are

effectively engaged in destroying the independence and sovereignty of the

People s Republic of Angola. These countries' terrorist governments now have

only two choices: to respond or to remain quiet. The situation inadvertently

created by the lackey is a dilemma, because either of the two possible options

makes them guilty.

The interview which is typical of Savimbi's performance is in itself damaging.

It is distinguished by its complete subservience to South African racism and

U.S. imperialism, as well as by a naive arrogance toward the Angolan people.

The puppet only fell short of promising the world to his bosses because this

is even above the reach of his idols.

In his interview, Savimbi went further than only unmasking his bosses' terrorists, intentions. . With pride, * ' he played t • the~role «-_w ofWJ- ancm imperialist j.uipcij.diibL puppet, Puppet« but,

as it is always the case with [words indistinct] instructions which may be

regretted ir *-<- T <•.—-.- . . -. ,

OJ

provided det

support him.

- . - -~-j iuoi.iui.uj.uuo wiij.cn may De

regretted m future. Jonas Savimbi did not limit himself to insinuations. He

provided details, thus concretely compromising those who he admires and who

In his cunning and (?imprudent) style, Savimbi, though belatedly, recognized

that it was thanks to the intervention by the South African army and air force

last September that he avoided the total defeat of his terrorist organization

in Mavinga and Jamba. His recognition of his gang's military inability is

moving. We quote, when we became aware of FAPLA's major attack on Mavinga, it

was already too late and therefore, we had to ask our South African protectors
to take out our troops in 4 days and 4 nights. To make this possible, the

South African air force endangered its U.S.-made C-130 Hercules. South

African pilots were covering over 1,000 miles of Angolan air space for this

purpose, unquote.

Another revelation with heavy political overtones followed. Savimbi confessed

that the FAPLA offensive in Moxico and Cuandao Cubango in September 1985

was aimed particularly at destroying the backbone of his terrorist organization. In addition to South African air force support, in order to thwart this

vigorous attack by our army, the gang once again resorted to the indispensable

material support of its bosses.

We again quote, we want mortars, rounds of ammunitions, and cannons of all

kinds. The reference to racist troop intervention [words indistinct]. Is it

possible, in the face of this confirmation made in sound mind, to forget that

in September 1985, the South African Government categorically denied its

hasty intervention to succor its puppets? It was a good thing at the time that

statements made the racist government have long ceased to be credible to international public opinion.

The serious nature of racist South African army ('intervention) becomes

increasingly clear as the journalist continues by asking him to provide his

gang's contacts. He views South Africa's support as natural. It is from

there that weapons and foodstuffs are obtained. It is in South African hospitals that UNITA bandits receive treatment. It is from South Africa that they

obtain training and the forces which assist them in time of crisis, and the

assistance is so broad that we quote, we want mortars, rounds of ammunition,

and cannons of all kinds, unquote. The selfless and generous pilots who

endangered their lives come from South Africa.

[Words indistinct] who is involved in [words indistinct]. Asked whether South

Africa is involved in the internal problems of Angola, the lackey first hesitated but then (?admitted): South Africa is, as a matter of fact, engaged

[words indistinct] I think they will do all they can to continue to support

UNITA. He added convincingly: I have no doubts that South Africans see that

if UNITA is hit or, in the extreme case, annihilated, this would have an

effect on southern Africa.

We cannot deny that the terrorists are correct. Obviously, when UNITA is

defeated the Angolan people will live in peace and devote their attention to

the tasks of national reconstruction; this will benefit all of southern

Africa. However, as for UNITA, this will have a very negative effect, as its

chief recognized.

This creature, full of praises for South Africa, this miserable man who

intends to transform Angola into a backyard of international imperialism,

identifies U.S. President Ronald Reagan as a greater defender of his gang

[words indistinct]. His praises for Reagan are so effusive that he does not

hesitate to make confessions of this kind: The President promised us assistance, and we accepted. We asked him to supply us with more effective weapons

against aircraft and tanks and we received what we asked for.
It is very significant that the chief of a tribalist organization explained in

a clear manner to such an influential newspaper as THE WASHINGTON POST that the

U.S. Administration is effectively engaged in overthrowing the Angolan Government. It is also very significant that Savimbi admitted that Reagan's assistance would become more effective in the future. The Angolan people already

know what effective assistance means—more weapons, more deaths, more grief

more destruction, and more massacres. '

??^AIVB lnf

i

?

cretions are m

*de Public virtually simultaneously with the

„ OAU summit s strong condemnation of U.S. interference in the internal

affairs of Angola, having demanded its immediate cessation.

S.Tid Rf

g

r S

7 n

°\? m°

fi8htS against pe°Ples Reedern? Who carries out

fTrlt?< T u

ter the revelatlons m

^

e

by the lackey, the South African

foreign minister, who some time ago accused Angola of blocking efforts for the

restoration of peace in southern Africa, will follow suit. It is for international public opinion to draw its own conclusions.

/9716

CSO: 3400/378

10
ANGOLA

UNITA REPRESENTATIVE DISCUSSES 'PREEMPTIVE STRIKE'

MB111611 London BBC World Service in English 1515 GMT 11 Aug 86

[From the "Focus on Africa" Program]

[Text] Last week UNITA, which is fighting a lingering war against Angola's

MPLA government, claimed that government forces were preparing a fresh offensive against UNITA guerillas in the southeast of the country. Now UNITA

claims to have launched a preemptive strike to head off the government offensive. Rich Wells asked UNITA's representative in London, (Marcos Simondo),

about UNITA's strike.

[Begin recording] [(Simondo)] Well, the preemptive strike took place at

Cuito Cuanavale on Friday, 9 August, and obviously that was a measure which

we have taken to stop any staging base going toward Mavinga.

[Wells] What actually happened in this attack?

[(Simondo)] Well, what happened in that attack is that UNITA were using

long-range artillery. We have destroyed some of their military hardware stuff,

particular the radar equipment and also their antiaircraft guns, and some

depots of bombs and ammunition. We just thought that this was the time for us

to render Cuito Cuanavale as unusable as possible because from the experience

of last year, it was from Cuito Cuanavale that the MPLA launched attacks

against Mavinga.

[Wells] So what is the significance of Cuito Cuanavale? Is it just as a

staging post?

[(Simondo)] Well, basically, as our earlier communique indicated, the MPLA

has assembled a large quantity of military equipment in Menongue, which is in

the same direction as Cuito Cuanavale. And obviously if their objective is

to attack Mavinga and at a later stage Jamba, obviously the MIG's and other

hardware will be leaving from Cuito Cuanavale. So it was our understanding

that it's best to put a stop to that advance immediately at Cuito Cuanavale in

order to slow down any intention that they have to attack Mavinga, or Jamba,

to that effect.

11
[Wells] You say you're expecting an offensive but how do you know that? What

are are the the SIPTIR? signs

[(Simondo)] Well, the signs are obvious. They are from our intelligence

reports which indicate that in the last 2 or 3 weeks, the MPLA has at least

deployed eight MIG-23 in Cuito Cuanavale, together with two Cuban regiments,

each about 2,000 men, and the MPLA has put about eight brigades, which

should be about 10,000 men. And obviously, those people are not there for

US .

Ut WS °W that they are PreParin8 again another offensive against

UNITA. I must say that UNITA is quite prepared to meet any challenge?

[end recording] B

/9716

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12
ANGOLA

BRIEFS

DEFENSE MINISTER ON PREPAREDNESS—Angola Defense Minister Colonel Pedro Maria

Tonha Pedale said in Lubango on the day before yesterday that in case of

another South African military incursion, Angolan defense and security forces

will know how to fight back promptly and with military aggressiveness.

Colonel Pedale is in Huila Province on a working visit and expressed on his

arrival the Angolan Government's concern over the massing of troops from the

racist South African army in northern Namibia and the frequent violations of

Angolan air and ground borders. The defense minister is analyzing the situation with military commanders of the 5th region. [Text] [Luanda Domestic

Service in Portuguese 0500 GMT 8 Aug 86 MB]

DESERTION OF MPLA TROOPS—Free Land of Angola, 8 Aug (KUP)—A total of 500

MPLA troops deserted en masse recently in Moxico Province, troops who were set

to participate in a fresh offensive against UNITA forces. This, added to a

further desertion by 250 MPLA cadets from a military training center in Uige

Province, demonstrates a change in the Angolan patriots mentality; they are

not interested in fighting their own brothers for the benefit of Russian

interests in Angola. MPLA soldiers are beginning to understand the wicked

designs of the Luanda regime, and they are taking the first steps toward

changes that will be made in Angola. UNITA has appealed, in the past as it

is doing now, to all Angolan patriotic forces to join the movement in order to

avoid more deaths among fellow Angolans. [Text] [(Clandestine) KUP in

Portuguese to Southern and Central Africa 0600 GMT 8 Aug 86 MB]

BATTALION CHIEF CAPTURED—Free Land of Angola, 9 Aug (KUP)—Paulo Jorge, MPLA's

67th Brigade soldier and section chief of the First Battalion was captured on

Tuesday after UNITA forces attacked a pontoon over the Lufuige River in Alto

Zambeze, Moxico Province. The UNITA operations office reports that a pontoon

used by MPLA soldiers to cross the Lufuige River was totally destroyed during

the attack. [Text] [(Clandestine) KUP in Portuguese to Southern and Central

Africa 0600 GMT 9 Aug 86 MB]

/9716

CSO: 3400/378

13
BENIN

BRIEFS

MEDICAL AID—An important consignment of drugs and bandage equipment and

[word indistinct] meant for the victims of the disaster that occurred recently at the National Brewery Corporation, the Beninese, has been donated to

the government. The presentation ceremony for this donation, which was made

by the Soviet Union, yesterday took place.at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

and Cooperation in the presence of the Soviet ambassador to Benin, Valentin

Pavlov, and the representative of the minister of public health, and many

other officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, In a

brief speech, the Soviet ambassador stated that this gesture testifies to

the feelings of friendship and solidarity existing between his country and

the People's Republic of Benin. The 30 June 1986 accident, the Soviet

diplomat said, was very serious and can only draw the attention of the

humanitarian organizations such as the Soviet Red Cross. As for Jacques

Adande, acting for the permantn secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

and Cooperation, he thanked the Union of Societies of the Red Cross and Red

Crescent of the USSR and assured them of the sparing use of the donation.

[Text] [Cotonou Domestic Service in French 0800 GMT 2 Aug 86 AB] /6662

CSO: 3400/418

14
BURKINA

BRIEFS

CHANGES IN NAMES OF RIVERS--The chairman of the CNR^and President of Burkina

Faso [Captain Thomas Sankara], in compliance with the 4 August 1983 Proclama

tion, with Ordinance No 83001 [word indistinct] PRES of 4 August 1983 on

the formation of the CNR, and with Ordinance No 8443 CNR PRES of 2 August

1984 on the change in the name and symbol of the nation, proclaims: Article^.

The three rivers, formerly known as the Volta, are now to be known respectively as (Nouhoum), formerly Black Volta; (Nakambo), formerly White Volta; and

(Nazimor), formerly Red Volta. Articled. The present Zatou will be executed as the expression of popular will. [Text] [Ouagadougou Domestic Service in French 1900 GMT 6 Aug 86 AB] /6662

CUBAN TRAINING APPROVED—The cabinet met today, Wednesday, 13 August 1986,

under the chairmanship of Comrade Captain Thomas Sankara, president^

Burkina Faso. The cabinet duly examined the items on its agenda and made the

following decisions: Concerning the Ministry of National Education, the

cabinet examined and approved measures to be taken for the departure of

(?600) young Burkinabe nationals awarded scholarships to study at the Isle

of Youth in Cuba. The cabinet lauded this fruitful cooperation between the

two anti-imperialist states, thus enabling their youths to be trained together. The cabinet also insisted on the ideals of social justice which underlie the selection of the young people, to undertake this '«ata^8 cou"

e

' ,

[Excerpts] [Ouagadougou Domestic Service in French 1900 GMT 13 Aug 86 AB]

/6662

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15
MALAWI

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AGREEMENT SIGNED WITH BELGIUM

MB090740 Blantyre Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 8 Aug 86

^

3^1

i«!r^t^L^J,^

i».J^ «^ * technical assisMalwians and technical -.* S£^ f«

S^^^TLS'tL^SjiS TAT Kar

0la'Slgned °n ^of the

signed for his government! SpeakSL at'th! edUC%

tlon mlniste

-. >*r Daniel Coens,

agreement was timely in that Malawi ll I A °"aS

4

lon«Mr Katopola said the

need of trained manpower in manv leetoL

d

*

Vel°Pln8country, is ln a great

(?assistance) to be provided under t£' eXP

tessed the hope that ?he

alleviate manpower shores J>7 th\

agreement w

ld go a long way to

agreement would intenSfthe alreadv ^^ "* C°

enS h

°

ped that ««*

Belgium, noting that the tro countries £?J rel*

tlons between Malawi and

Principles. countries held sxmilar moral values and political

.^^^„"t^lt^i^p^c0: l\r-^y 'be Life President

Broadcasting Corporation afterward Mr Co^^^6',

Speaklng to the Ma^i

president emphasized on the importance TfZ \ ^^ the audie^e the life

tje people and the country. 71?»^^ ^

deVel°Pment of

that he was impressed with Malawi education^ * / *? t0ld the life P^aldeat

the Malawi Government. Mr Coens said he *?* f>f cultural values and hence by

government's commitment to assLVMalwi InZ^X]^ PreS±dent °

f MS

/9716

CSO: 3400/382

16
MALAWI

BRIEFS

U.S. AID TO IMPROVE SEA LINKS--The United States has granted Malawi R27

million to upgrade its road and rail links with Tanzania. Malawi's traditional

import and export routes were through the Mozambican ports of Beira and

Nacala but the war in Mozambique has cut those links. Under the northern

transport corridor project agreement, the United States Government will

provide the finance aid through the Agency for International Development.

The project consists of the establishment of Malawi cargo centres at Dar-esSalaam and Mbeya in Tanzania, use of the Tazara rail line connecting these

two points, upgrading of the road between Mbeya and Ibanda in Tanzania,

a new road between Karonga and Chilumba and several other smaller projects.

The agreement was signed at the weekend by Malawi Finance Minister, Mr

Dalton Katopola, and the American ambassador to Malawi, Mr Weston Adams.

Mr Katopola said that since Malawi's traditional import and export routes

through Mozambique were cut, his country's international trade had been

routed through Durban in South Africa and Dar-es-Salaam in Tanzania.

He said the implementation of the northern transport corridor project will

give Malawi the shortest and least expensive alternative international trade

route. Under another agreement the United States Government through World

Vision International, will provide Mozambique with 3000 tons of maize to

be obtained from Malawi. In exchange Malawi will receive 1400 tons of

wheat. [Text][Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 Jul 86 p 3]/12828

CSO; 3400/385

17
MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

MARITIME BORDER TALKS-Two days of talks between Mozambique and the Comoros

were expected to end here today. The Mozambican newspaper Noticias said

yesterday that the main theme under discussion was the maritime border

between the two countries. Both countries' delegations were led by their

;S;ers of Justice. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 1 Aug 86 p 4

/12828

JOURNALISTS URGED TO HELP—Mozambican journalists were today called upon to

make the country's information sector a fundamental weapon in national defense,

economic reconstruction, and the diplomatic battle. The call came from

Jorge Rebelo, the secretary for ideological work of the Central Committee of

the Frelimo Party, at the end of a 4-day conference of the Mozambican journalists organization. Mr Rebelo told the delegates to the conference in Maputo

that the Mozambican people were experiencing an extraordinarily difficult stage

in their history. Along with other peoples of Southern Africa, they were the

targets of the racial hatred and despaired of the Pretoria regime. Mr Rebelo

was referring to attacks by South Africa's MNR bandits. He said that against

the criminals' brutality, the Mozambican people were demonstrating their

unity, their determination to defend the country, and their will to establish

the people's welfare, progress, peace, and socialism. [Excerpt] [Maputo in

English to Southern Africa 1800 GMT 7 Aug 86 MB]

/9716

CSO: 3400/382

18
ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

OIL POTENTIAL--Zambia could be a source of oil, a spokesman for the Texan

Placid Oil Company has said. Seismic tests carried out in Zambia's western

and southern provinces have shown great oil potential and the company will

not carry out tests in the eastern province. [Text][Johannesburg THE STAR

in English 7 Aug 86 p 4]/12828

CSO: 3400/385

19
ZIMBABWE

MINISTERS WARN AGAINST RSA SABOTAGE

MB152012 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1731 GMT 15 Aug 86

[Text] MasivingoAug 15, SAPA—Imperialist forces are using racist South

Africa as a political weapon to worsen the security situation in.the subregion, the minister of home affairs, Mr Enos Nkala, said in Masivingo today.

In a speech read on his behalf by the deputy secretary in the ministry,

Dr Job Whabira, at the opening of a one-day symposium on the Masivingo provincial development plan attended by officials of law enforcement agencies,

the minister said peace was necessary if the national five year plan was

to succeed. He said Zimbabwe was part of the regional grouping faced with

severe confrontation, conflicts and crisis sponsored by imperialist forces.

The minister said unity was essential among Zimbabweans in the common struggle against both internal and external enemies. "In doing this, we must

not engage in favouritism, prejudice, nepotism, tribalism and regionalism

because these discriminatory factors inhibit and hinder mutual intercourse

and the well being of our country as the material expression of our existence as Zimbabwean people," he said.

Mr Nkala said security forces should be disciplined, refrain from molesting

innocent civilians and "in the national spirit not indulge in corruption or

run the risk of committing any crime." He said security forces should

establish working relationships with the people, instill national security

awareness and enlist the cooperation of the masses to counter South African

aggression which has taken the form of threat of war and tactics of disrupting the economy.

The minister of state (security), Mr Emmerson Munangagwa, today called on

Zimbabweans in Matabeleland South and Masivingo provinces to maintain

vigilance against infiltrators from South Africa. In a paper presented on

his behalf by the director general in his ministry said security forces

should established rapport between themselves, the people and ZANU(PF) to

identify enemy elements entering the country. He said South Africa might

want to embarrass Zimbabwe durirg the forthcoming Non-aligned Movement summit

meeting and called on Zimbabweans to brace for such envetualities. He said

due to the proximity of the two provinces to South Africa they might be used

as transit or planning stations by enemy agents.

The minister said the so-called Radio Truth which was readily accessible

to the Southern part of the country was aimed at creating discontent among

Zimbabweans but the security forces and the people should work together to

expose "these lies and slanders."

/6662 2o

CSO: 3400/415
ZIMBABWE

SHAMUYARIRA CONDEMNS RSA 'TERRORISM'

MB160656 Harare Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 16 Aug 86

next] The minister of information, posts, and telecommunications, Comrade

Nathan Shamuyarira, has said racist South Africa's state terrorisnimay lead

to a world war if positive steps are not taken to end apartheid. Comrade

Shamuyarira said this when he addressed a reception in Harare last night

to launch the book "Nonalignment in an Age of Alignment." The minister, in

a foreword to the book written by Professor (Archie Fulham) and his wire

(Sally) says the state terrorism of the South Africa regime has the approval

and encouragement of the United States and Britain, Comrade Shamuyarira

said although more than 2,000 South African blacks were killed last year

alone, their resistance to apartheid will continue unabated. He said the

task ahead was to make Namibia and South Africa free and that calls for

sacrifice.

The minister said over the next 3 years, the Nonaligned Movement will need

ideological direction and a great sense of urgency and (?unity of purpose)

to fulfill the challenging task ahead. He said the movement should be able

to have those qualities under the wise leadership of the prime minsiter,

Comrade Robert Mugabe. Comrade Shamuyarira regretted that some African

countries have failed to adhere to the basic principles of the movement

because of their bilateral monetary arrangements with superpowers.

The minister urged local publishing houses to help inform Zimbabweans about

the progressive movement pan-Africanism, and socialism by publishing works

of local authors on these subjects. The proceeds from the book Nonalignment in an Age of Alignment" will be directed to the solidarity fund # _

established by Comrade Mugabe on the 10th anniversary of the Soweto uprxsmg,

/6662

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21
ZIMBABWE

CHIDZERO UNVEILS BUDGET BEFORE HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY

Budget Called 'Particularly Difficult'

Harare THE HERALD in English 1 Aug 86 pp 1, 5

[Text] Against the background of a wide range of internal and external

constraints, the Minister of Finance, Economic Planning and Development,

Dr Bernard Chidzero, yesterday unveiled what he called a "particularly

difficult" Budget.

Addressing the House of Assembly, he outlined an expenditure programme of

$4 047 million for 1986/87 and shocked many observers by estimating that

the Budget deficit would rise by about 52 percent to $1 050 million.

But, as he explained, this was largely due to expenditures necessitated

by continuing efforts to ensure social adjustment and equity and in view of

the "critical political and security situation in Southern Africa."

Education will take up the largest slice of 17 percent of the estimated

expenditure, followed by defence at 16 percent and by debt servicing at

13 percent.

But Dr Chidzero was confident that the high Budget deficit would be a

temporary phenomenon as high spending on defence and education "will

not continue to persist as some of the items contributing to increases

are once-off and will, therefore, reduce and disappear in time."

In the meantime, however, there was a clear split between the Government's

objectives as stated in the Five-Year National Development Plan and Budget

reality and he was particularly concerned about Zimbabwe's ability to

maintain a sustainable external balance which was crucial to continued

economic expansion.

The high expenditures on our Budget are going to have in the short term,

adverse effects on the already uncertain balance of payments situation,"

he said.

22
The high borrowing requirement from the domestic market would have serious

implications for money supply and the rate of inflation—both which can

be expected to increase rapidly. As a result, monetary policy measures

would be taken as and when it became necessary.

Despite the difficulties, he did announce certain measures which should to

some extent help stimulate the economy and will go some way towards some of

the immediate problems facing certain sectors.

On the one hand, he had particularly heartening news for married women when

he announced that the Government had decided "to adopt the system of sepa~

rate taxation so that all taxpayers will be taxed on a single scale of

simplified tax rates."

He said this would "bring about a much called for reform and remove a

lingering element of inequitable treatment in a country otherwise characterised by a rapidly growing sense of egalitarianism and war-seasoned

solidarity, untrammelled by the trappings of history and nature's differential endowments."

The mechanics of this move still had to be sorted out but he said it would

be implemented soon.

Recognising Zimbabwe's generally high levels of taxation, he said estimated

levels of revenue and expenditure made it difficult for him to propose

measures that would result in a loss of revenue. But even so he introduced

concessions for the poorer sections of the community by exempting domestic

workers from the minimum wage taxation.

In a measure to boost the economy, he cut the general rate of sales tax by

2,5 percent to 12,5 percent while keeping the rate on consumer durables

20 percent. Fresh,'frozen or dehydrated vegetables have been exempt from

sales tax which, together with existing exemptions, implies exemption for

virtually all basic foodstuffs.

But he warned unscrupulous traders who might try to take advantage of the

cut in general sales tax by not reducing their prices that he has asked

the Minister of Trade and Commerce to arrange for his inspectors to ensure

that "all prices are reduced accordingly."

Particularly welcome news for the building societies was the fact that

Class C permanent shares held for a period of two years, would carry a

tax-free interest rate of 9 percent. Maximum levels for individuals would

be shares worth $75 000 while companies could buy shares worth up to

$35 000.

"This measure is designed to attract more funds into the building societies

in order to alleviate the housing shortage. In this regard, up to 25 percent of any new money coming into building societies under the scheme will

be used for financing low-income housing."

23
In view of the housing shortage and the need to improve conditions of

service, he said that from April 1 the limit on expenditure on staff

housing that can be claimed as a deduction for income tax purposes would

be increased from $8 000 to $10 000.

From the same date, the limit for expenditure on passenger cars used by

commerce and industry would also be upped to $22 000 in line with current

prices for locally assembled cars.

Because of private sector concern about the high cost of machinery and the

current 20 percent surtax, he said he had decided to reduce the surtax by

5 percent from today "unless there are lower existing rates in terms of

bindings agreed under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, of which

Zimbabwe is a member." ;

These concessions should cost the fiscus about $37 million during the year

but he said the eventual outcome would depend on any resultant expansionary

effect on the economy.

He announced a range of minor tax increases that would increase revenue by

about $14 million. These ranged from a 2 cents increase on the excise

duty on clear beer and a 1 cent increase in excise duty on 10 cigarettes.

In addition, the sales tax on wines, spirits, cider and perry would be

incorporated into excise duty, like other liquor products while the customs

duty on imported liquor would be increased by 10 percent.

Dr Chidzero expressed concern about the fact that the $10 airport departure

fee had so far been allowed to be paid in local currency by both residents

and non-residents. The same applied to the payment of hotel bills and

duty-free purchases.

"During the course of the year, therefore, I intend to examine the situation

with a view to considering the possibility of non-residents settling these

transactions in foreign currency."

Businessmen Satisfied

Harare THE HERALD in English 1 Aug 86 pp 1, 5

[Text] The private sector yesterday welcomed the "no-shocks" Budget but

expressed concern at the rising Budget deficit which has reached the $1

billion mark.

Zimbabwe National Chamber of Commerce president Mrs Dawn Taunton said the

substantial Budget deficit rise and the doubling of local borrowing to $967

million would increase inflationary pressures.

"It is hoped that the anti-inflationary measures that the minister said were

to be announced shortly will be appropriate to the country's needs and will

not cancel out the potentially stimulating effects of the cut in sales tax,"

said Mrs Taunton.

24
ZNCC members were concerned that the sales tax change was taking place

immediately. They feared the change would create some difficulties and

had hoped for more time to effect the change.

Local economist Mr Zdenek Silavecky said the 52 percent increase in the

Budget deficit was "disturbing and will not look good to international

observers who do not understand the details of our situation."

As a result of the deficit, the Budget would be inflationary, as suggested

by Dr Chidzero, unless remedial measures were taken.

The chairman of the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange, Mr Bill Burdett-Coutts, also

expressed concern about the Budget deficit, which he regarded as being

"far too high." In essence, he believed the Budget was a "standstill"

one that would please married women taxpayers and housewives.

The Confederation of Zimbabwe Industries said "given the constraints of

our economic situation, the tone of the Budget is brave and encouraging."

A spokesman said the measure taken by the minister should increase business

activity and industry felt that the minister was looking to directing

resources to the creation of surpluses.

"He has accepted that instead of raising taxes, revenue can be raised by

stimulating the economy. Specifically, the reductions in import surcharges,

tax relief for staff housing and the drop in sales tax on consumer goods

will all help industries' growth plans."

These steps, in the face of a rising budget deficit were courageous, the

spokesman said.

"However, industry expresses its concern at the low level of the public

sector investment programme in relation to the size of recurrent expenditure.

CZI also hopes that foreign exchange will be made available to support

industrial development. We therefore welcome the increase in the export

incentive scheme as a step in the right direction."

Founders Building Society welcomed the announcement that building societies

would be able to offer the public an investment which provides tax-free

return.

General manager Mr Keith Evans said yesterday his society would issue paid

up permanent shares paying a tax-free 9 percent interest, as soon as the

enabling legislation was passed.

In his Budget speech, Dr Chidzero said 25 percent of all new money invested

in the new tax-free PUPS had to be used for low-cost housing under ministerial control.

"The new incentive announced by the minister will enable Founders to expand

its operations in the field of low-income housing," Mr Evans said.

25
Ministries Vote Appropriations

Harare THE HERALD in English 1 Aug 86 p 9

[Article by Gareth Willard, Lynda Loxton, Andrew Rusinga, David Masunda

and Thandi Kapambwe]

[Text]

MINISTRIES vote appropriations rose by 14,7

percent lo $3,37 billion with the big four minbtries -— Education, Defence, Health, and

Land«, Agriculture and Rural Development —

Inking nhout 56 percent.

The education vote stays in- the lead, as It has

since independence, despite the need to Increase the

defence vote by more tli.'in S132 million or 26,1 percent.

These two votes absorb almost '10 percent of

the total set aside for all 28 votes.

The Ministry of Lands, Agriculture and Rural

Resettlement has the third largest vote, of almost

f.M-1 million, less than half of second-placed defence.

Health absorbs a vote more than Ü229 million.

Constitutional and statutory provisions, which by

lav/ have to be paid each year, amount to more than

$1,2 billion with higher interest payments and

great-jr repayments of loans falling due absorbing

about $990 million, n considerable Increase on last

year.

Public Service

MORE than $11 million of the $17,5 million vote for

the Public Service is for salaries, wages and allowances.

Tills amounts to more than 80 percent of the

$13,5 million the Public Service got last year. The

ministry's incidental expenses account, which amounted to $72 000 last year, has been Increased by

1650 000 — the amount net aside on its vote for the.

NAM conference.

Finance, Economic Planning

THE Ministry of Finance, Economic Planning and

Development's vote was yesterday increased by 10

percent to about $90,1 million.

Wliile grants and contingencies for the ministry

were increased from $20,9 million in 1985/86 to about

123 million (an increase of 10 percent), loans were

slashed from $21,1 million to $11 million — a decrease

of about 48 percent.

Under grants and contingencies, $1,8 million more

has been provided for "payment of an Incentive on

certain approved exports". This figure stood at $20

million in 1985/86.

The Zimbabwe Development Corporation's grant

has been increased by $189 000 lo $589 000.

Loans amounting to $12 million to financial and

investment institutions were dropped while those for

mining and manufacturing industries wore increased

by «2 million ta $11 million.

The State has set aside $15,5 million — an Increase of $1,5 million — for its participation In the

private, sector.

A $5 million (last year $2,6 million) contingency

reserve has also been provided for "very urgent

critical shortage areas" in the Budget. Transfers (of

this amount) will only bo done at the discretion of

the Minister of .Finance, Economic Planning and

Development, Dr Bernard Chldzero.

For the Central Statistical Office, $630 000 which

was l'or household expenditures and price surveys,

has not been repeated resulting In a $593 000 slash

to $190 000.

Audit Vote

THE Audit vote this year is $1 million more than

last year's $2,02 million. Salaries, wages and allowances amount to about 90 percent of the total vote

of $3,04 million.

Defence

THE Ministry of Defence's $132,4 million — which

is about 19 percent of the total vote appropriation

for all ministries of about $4 574 million — was

the single biggest received 'by any ministry.

More than half of the ministry's total voto of

$639,5 million went to salaries, wages and allowances.

This ministry has now overtaken the Ministry

of Education (whose vote was 20 percent of the

total vote last year) as the biggest spender in Zimbabwe.

Salaries and wages for uniformed personnel in

the regular force of the army increased from about

$221 million to about $262 million (an increase of 19

percent) while those for the paramilitary Increased by

about 1,3 percent to $10,1 million.

Money for the British military training and

advisory services stands at its 1985/86 figures of

$500 000 while that for paramilitary training, which

Includes salaries, subsistence and air fares for Korean

military instructors as well as allowances for paramilitary trainees, has been decreased by $50 000 to

$500000.

Another $15 000 has also been provided for paramilitary training aids.

In the Air Force about $19 million will go to

salaries, wages and allowances of both uniformed

regular personnel and civilians. This is an increase

of about 27 percent over last year.

The Air Force will also spend about $103,2 million

compared to $38,6 million on aircraft procurement,

maintenance and running costs.

Pay and allowances for territorial force members

only increased by $1000 to $9 000.

A new aspect on the Air Force's grants and

compensation account, which now stands at $50 000

compared to $10 000 last year, is a provision for the

paramilitary force which was previously accounted

for under a separate sub-vote;

26
PM and Cabinet

THE Office of tho Prime Minister and Cabinet had

a n«t increase of about $7,3 million from yesterday's

Budget.

This takes Its budget for 1086/87 to about $42,3

million, an increase of about 24 ipercent over its last

vcor's figure or about «31,7 million.

The vote for the Prime Minister's Office also

Includes $253 000 for Ihe Non-Aligned Movement conference to begin this month. Another $233 000 was set

aside for car hire during the conference.

Both the Prime Minister and his deputy did not

get any salary Increments and their allowances,

including those of the ministers of State, were cut

from |225 000 to $181 000,

Parliament

THE Parliament of Zimbabwe, which- last year received 16 966 000, had another $2,3 million added to

Its budget yesterday.

Besides salaries, other amounts that Increased

included $42 000 more (from $102^000 In 1985/86 to

1144 000 this year) for clinic supplies to provide for

emergency medical treatment to Members of Parliament and senators while attending' sessions.

Vote of Credit

THR vote of credit for 1986/87 is $235 million and

includes about «10,0 million to be funded from

domestic sources and,a recurrent expenditure of |40

million. The largest single recipient of this money is

the Ministry of Lands, Agriculture and Rural Resettlement which will get about $02,6 million.

Lands was also one of the largest recipients from

last year's ?28l million vote of credit for donorfunded projects of which about $37,4 million remained unallocated.

Trade and Commerce

THE vote for tho Ministry of Trade and Commerce

continues to decrease as the Government keeps its

intention to cut down on maize subsidies.

It was cut by about 31 percent in 1985/86 (from

$33,1 million to about $22,9 million). This year, the

ministry's vote decreased by about $13,2 million

to $11,7 million.

Maize meal subsidies, which amounted to $15

million in J 985/86, havo now been allocated only

$2,r> million which is an outstanding commitment

from 1985/86.

The Zimbabwe International Trade Fair has

been allocated $17000.

Another $66 000 (1985/80 $400000) has been

allocated for the cost of hosting the Inter-African

Coffee Organisation meeting, the ninth session of

the Conference of African Ministers of Trade, Preferential Trado Area meetings \ and trade agreement

delegations.

The Consumer Council receives $99 000 more, taking its total to $369 000 while $300 000 (last year

$311000) has been allocated for the establishment

and operating expenses of the Zimbabwe State Tradtag Corporation.

Industry

From the ministry's total vote of about $64 million — an increase of $1,6 million over 1985/86 —

grants, totalling more than $60,3 million remain the

largest single expenditure.

Ziscosteel, "to provide financial assistance towards

operating expenses", gets anothor $60 million — the

same amount it got last year. A $25 000. provision

has been made for hosting of the Investment Promotion Conference to be organised by Unldo.

Another $150000 for a rural technology development exhibition has also been set aside.

Local, Rural, Urban Development

THE Ministry of Local Government, Rural and.Wbm

Development received a budget of *«W,9 j«""««•

representing a decrease of $17 millioni Irom to

previous year. Rural resettlement received amaJW.

boost with $4,5 million to upend, compared to $725 000

la8t Funds for rural and urban development amounted to $15 million, out of which $13 million will go

to the communal lands. Loans to both rural^andurban

authorities dropped to $19 million compared to $32

million the previous year.

Health

THE Ministry of Health received a net Increase of

$33 million,In Its budget which amounted to a total

of $229,3 million. Funds for buildings, furniture and

equipment went up considerably to $225 000 compared

to just $82000 the previous year. ^ .,

The ministry concentrated Us grants to tto

Zimbabwe National Family Planning Council which

will get $5 million. While less would be spent on

preventatlve services, research and medical care

services received Increment«,

Transport

THE Ministry of Transport vote was Increased by

""^JMSS ($142 million.out of $282milyelf $12 inUtoni and NRZ ^million (last year

$60 million)i. ^ R mffllon M a loan tor

d6wnApayn^ntd

onnnT aircraft and ancillary equipment.

Mines

A PROVISION of $1 million has been made under

the Ministry of Industry and Technology vote for a

grnnt to meet the administrative costs of the Industrial Development Corporation's Kamativl Tin

Mines Ltd.

THE' vote for the Ministry of Mines was Increased

byfThTÄabw?MÄ0,Deve,opment Corporation

received a whopping 2 364 percent over Its 1985/86

^A*JE? SEA'S S£- methods of mining

chrome*ore*rece ved $1 million while $799000

(I4800W ta 1985/86) has been allocated to assist In

the equipping and running of the Institotea MInlng

Research Included in this amount is J

2

«

000 ,]°K

Tesearch and development of plasma smelting required

to increase ferrochrome production.

Lands and Agriculture

DESPITE having a net decrease of about $6 million,

the Ministry of Lands, Agriculture and Rural Re27
settlement's vote at about «313,8 million, remains one

of the biggest.

Moat of the cuta of the combined ministry (agriculture was on its own during laat year's Budget) have

been in loans', cut l'rom. about $30 million to $14

million, land acquisition (from $6 million to $4 million), grants (from about $5 million to |3,1 million),

training, field trials and Irrigation ($3,5 million to

|1,3 million) and surveys 1320 000 to $169 000).

Loans to the Agricultural Finance Corporation

and agricultural marketing organisations have been

cut from more than $32 mUllon In 1985/88 to Just

over |14 million.

The Tobacco Research Board hag received n new

loan of |6 000 while loans to Arda, $2,2 million, and

Water Authority, $1 million, have been cut.

About |26 million moro has been allocated for

agricultural subsidies such as the Sterling Acceptance

Credit Facility of the Agricultural Marketing Authority and losses of the Cold Storage Commission, the

palry Marketing Board and the Grain Marketing

Board.

About $2,8 million — $320 400 for tho resettlement credit scheme and about $2,4 million for the

small farm credit, scheme — has been allocated to

the AFC as a provision towards .a shortfall In

administrative and other expenses during the year

ended March 31.

Of the $22,5 million Items not repeated In the.

ministry's vote, the single largest amount — which

is about $9,1 million — Is for resettlement,

Education

THE Ministry of Education, with the highest vote of

$704,5 million compared to $039 million the previous

year, continues to expand Its services. Secondary

pehool education gets $00.« million and primary school

education $89,5 million.

While grants to private schools and colleges

went up, the University of Zimbabwe's grant will

be reduced to $35 million compared to «39,9 million In

19S5.

Teacher education received one of the highest

boosts ($20,5 million) In the ministry's budget.

Building programmes amounting to $16 million

are included for refugee schools, secondary schools

nnd teachers' collegesHome Affairs

THE Ministry of Home Affairs had an Increase ot

$27 million on its $170 million budget for the year.

The Zimbabwe Republic Police gets the lion's share

of the budget with $158,3 million. The registrar- ;

general's office gets 85.0 million and the National

Archive «912 000. . . .

Justice, Parliamentary Affairs

THE Ministry of Justice, Legal and pa

r

,

llam

«

nt!"£

Affairs receives an Increase of $4,5 million on us

budget of $40,3 million this year. Of this amount

the prison service gets »24 million. There are no

major changes to the ministry's budget.

Co-operatives Department

\BOUT $234 000 extra was allocated to the Department of Co-operative pevelopment. Most of the increase is for salaries, wages and allowances ana

subsistence and transport. Its vote goes up to about

$3,34 million.

Energy and Water Resources

THE vote for the Ministry of Energy and Water

Resources decreased by $18,2 million. Most of the

decreaso was duo to a cut in expenditure on the

construction of water supplies. Thla section, In total,

decreased by more than $15.3 million to $7,9 million.

Labour and Manpower Planning

WITH only a little more to apend than last year,

the Ministry of Laljour, Manpower Planning and

Social Welfare's budget of $46.6 million ($600 000

more than last year) will be spent basically the same

as in 1985.

Youth, Sport and Culture

THE Ministry of Youth, Sport arid Culture received

a vote of $14,6 million, $2,7 million more than last

year. Grants to cultural organisations and groups

have been increased and training centres will get $1

million compared to, $935 000 in 1085.

Community Development

THE Ministry of Community Development and

Women's Affairs had only a net increase of $39 000

to its $5,5 million budget. Fund» for grants to

projects were reduced to $410" 000 compared to $1

million in 1985.

Information

THE Ministry of Information, Posts and Telecommunications had a net decrease of $13,8 million to

its $18 million budget. A significant drop was in the

allowance lor' furniture and equipment which went

down to $3,4 million compared to $18.4 million the

previous year.

Grants to tho Zimbabwe. Broadcasting Corporation, tho Zimbabwe Inter-Africa News Agency and

the Zimbabwe Mass Media Trust increased to $5,4

million from $4,4 million.

Foreign Affairs

THE Ministry of Foreign Affairs had an increase of

$5,9 million to its $33,2 million budget. Grants and

pledges to international organisations would be set

at $804 000 this year compared to $2,3 million m

1985. Funds for subsistence and transport of officials

had increased to $3 million from $2,3 million In 1985.

Housing Fund

THE National Housing Fund, which accounted for

more than 95 percent of the Ministry of Public Construction and National Housing's total loans of about

$56 million last year, has been slashed by more than

50 percent to $21,2 million.

On the other hand, rural housing which received

$3 million last year, got another million this year.

Another $1,1 million grant was allocated to the NHF

to cover its losses. $1,8 million was allocated for the

same purpose In 1985/86.

The NHF was authorised to borrow money from

building societies so the $1,1 million grant was to

cover the deficit caused by the difference in Interest

rates charged by the Fund and the societies.

28
Sheraton, Conference Centre

GRANTS for the Sheraton and the ^

fe^,^*tr

.

c

which were slashed by about 25 percent to «3,9 mlllton contril)Uted to the decrease of about |8 million In

the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism's vote

0t *SanufU

Si contributions to hotel losses have,

however, been increased from $50 000 In 1985/86 to

$'00 000 The Publicity Association gets a new grant

of $6 000, the Zimbabwe Tourist Development Corporation's is increased by 1591000 to $1,9 million.

Most of the increases In the Department of Natural Resources have boon for salaries, wages and

allowances which rose from $2,1 million last year to

$2,(5 million. . „ _. ., . The same is true in the Department of National

Parks and Wildlife Management. The ministry was

allocated $415 000 (new amount: $757 000) to meet

expenses for services it will render during and after

the NAM conference.

National Supplies

THE Ministry of National Supplies received a net

increase of $1,3 million of which $768 000 — more

than half — is to go to the NAM conference expenses.

The ministry's Central Mechanical Equipment

Department received about $6 million more to meet

increased operating and replacement costs of vehicles,

equipment and vessels. Its loans were, however, reduced by $3,3 million. Loans for printing and

stationery were also cut from $640 000 to $30000. CONSTITUTIONAL

AND STATUTORY

APPROPRIATIONS

MOBS thanl 86 percent of the total budget of more

than $4,5 billion goes on constitutional and statutory

provisions, items that must be paid for,

These include salaries tor the President, »IPs and

senators, Judges and the auditor-general, «or civil

service pensions and, easily the biggest Item, servicing

the nation»! debt and repaying loans that fail due.

The following table shows how much was voted1

last year, how much in estimated for this year and

the percentage increase.

Appropriation 1986-87 1985-86 % inc

(all in $ millions)

President 0,0711

Parliament 0,1280

Public Service

pensions 75,578 5

Service of debt 501,6

Repayment of loan«» 489,0

Other, finance

ministry 109,9

Audit «,68«

local Govt, Rural &

Urban' Devlpmnt 0,45

Labour, Manpower Planning

& Social Welfare 38,50

Justice, Legal and

Parliamentary

Affairs 0,905,4

Transport 0,45

Total appropriations 1 200,620

Total votes 8 867,189

Total budget 4 578,810

0,077 4

0,118

75,103 6

417,441

809,478

111,087

0,030

0,48

-0,88

+9.2-1

+0,68

+20,1«

-1-58,01

1,24

0

+4.7*

85,201 +18,0«

0,911

0,48

' 940,258

2 985,031

3875,289

-0,«t

+4,85

+ 28,38

+14,72

i 18,0!«

29
TE APPROPRIATIONS

DONlMl aid is set, a«lde in a vote of credit IMMICT the control of the Ministry of Finance, Economic* Plan-"

nJiip niirt Development although the estimate« of expenditure outline how this sum, $385 million. tiU«

)c:ir, «il! Im distributed.

I« Mie tab!« below (all figures of money »re In millions of dollars) this extra sum ha* been «(Wed to

the ministry's vote In the fourth cobimn mn<l the final column (rives the inlntetry's augmented vote a* «

l>f?rtci»rii(rf ot. *he tola» vole of $3 867,1 Ml uilllio;*.

\ <;te

PtvsJdrnf

P'U-Jliinicnt

Prim'; Minister

Public Smte

Defence

Finance, Economic Plaaninlg a,nd

Development

Vote «I Credit,

Audi».

Industry and Technology

' Trade and Commerce

Lands, Agriculture and! Rural

Resettlement

Mines

Transports

F'orclpn Affairs

Local Government, Rural antf; Urban

Development

Labour, Manpower Planning and Social

Welfare

Health

Education

Youth, Sport, and Culture

Community Development and

Women's Affairs

Horn« Affairs

Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs 40,802

Information, Posh) and

Telecommunications

Natural Resources and Tourism

Energy and Water Resources and!

Development

National Supplies

Co-operative Development

Public Construction & National Housing 179,579

With vote of credit

l»««-87 I985-S6 ;';', Inc 1986-87 %of

" vote

total

0,84« o,«75 1-25,8 0,846 0,025

. 9,268 6,966 . /+32,97 9,263 0,275

42,397.. 84,671 i. +22,86 42,597 1,26

17,518 13,512 +29,61 20,745 0,610

630,512 s. 507,159 +26,1 «89,512 18,99

90,105 81,880 +10,05 90,105 2,68

235,000 37,380 +528,68 __ na

8,040 2,017 +50,72 3,040 0,09

03,584 61,933 +2,69 «3,612 1,89

11,781 24,989 52,96 15,781 0,46

313,807 319,675 -1,84 375,656 11,156

16,780 9,693 +74,25 18,780 0,558

281,702 249,258 +18,02 308,732 9,169

83,264 27,291 +21,87 33,264 0,988

107,971 124,998 18,62 144,049 4,28

46,641. 46,041 +1,30 54,555 1,62

229,898 196,238 +16,90 ' 346,879 7,33

704,510 639,919 +10,0» 721,054 21,41

14,687 11,870 +26,00 29,637 0,88

7,678 7,639 +0,51 8,628 0,26

170,179 143,125 +18,90 170,179 5,05

40,302 35,796 +12,59 40,302 1,20

18,212 82,078 -48,28 32,221 0,96

85,428 43,797 -19,11 38,616 1,15

88,694 56,018 32,018 43,696 1,30

11,921 10,055 +11,88 12,921 0,88

8,336 3,101 +7,5 ' 8,336 0,09

179,579 205,818 -12,75 198,486 5,89

/9317

CS0: 3400/404

30
ZIMBABWE

NEW MINISTRY FOR COOPERATIVES ESTABLISHED

Harare THE HERALD in English 1 Aug 86 p 1

[Text]

THE Prime Minister, OclcMugabo, yesterday announced the establishment of the Ministry ol

Co-operative Development

to toe headed .by Cd«

Maurice Nyagumbo.

Cdc Nyalgumbo will

also remain »s the Minister of State (Politics) in

the Prime Minister's OCflce, Cdo Mugabe «aid In

a statement.

Noting the experience

gained since independencc, he said the ww

ministry would constitute

itself into the Government's central agency for

promoting, stimulating,

facilitating and co-ordinating the development

of co-operatives in n"

sectors of the economy.

"It will also bo largely,

responsible for the implementation of -Government's already e«?£u

«

h

"

ed policy in IWs ft«** ttl°

administration of any enactments that may be reciuired for the further enhancement of co-operative development."

Co-operative development, Cde Mugabe «id.

wL itself an important

Sure in th° <3overnment's socialist thrust. !

On the staff «taMüh-i

ment'of the new minia-

£v the P*4m© Minister said thte w« a nmtter to

be worked out toy* » PuhUo Service Commission.. ' v ' ,.

"However,, I have dvrootod tllmt as a general

rule such establishment

will be constituted out ot

relevant posts and personnel already in the

service in the various

ministries and departmente.

"I am not looking to

an expansion of the civil

service in consequence of

the creation of this ministry."

Cde Mugabe said although Cdo Nyagumbo

was now in charge of this

new ministry, the former

Minister of State (Political Affairs-and Co-ordinntlon of Co-operatives)

would continue to, exercise his political functions ag before.

/9317

CSO: 3400/404

31
ZIMBABWE

MULTINATIONALS SAID 'GEARING' FOR SANCTIONS AGAINST RSA

MB141749 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1747 GMT 14 Aug 86

[Text] Harare, Aug 14, SAPA—Most multi-national companies in Zimbabwe

are now gearing themselves for sanctions against South Africa and are investigating alternative routes and sources for their goods, ZIANA reports.

These include such international conglomerates as Lonrho, Lever Brothers,

Rio Tinto and Leyland.

A spokesman for Lonrho, a British mining-based consortium, said in a statement today that it was "firmly" behind the Zimbabwe Government on the issue

of sanctions against South Africa.

"We believe the course set by the government is the right and correct one

that will lead to long-term stability in the area," said the spokesman.

He said Lonrho had "faith and confidence" in the government and was ready

to assist wherever possible with both human and material resources.

A spokesman for Lever Brothers,.said in an interview that the port of Beira

in Mozambique was not the only viable route open to Zimbabwean exporters

and importers, given the security situation posed by South Africa's hostile

attitudes towards Zimbabwe and other Frontline states.

He said the Anglo-Dutch soap manufacturing giant would go along with the

Zimbabwe Government on the sanctions issued.

Lever Brothers manufactures such essential commodities as washing powder,

soap, and vegetable oils,

The spokesman said the company had in the past used the Beira port for its

raw material imports although not as frequently as it did with South African

ports.

"We have from time to time used the Beira route particularly when we import

tallow," said the spokesman.

32
"But we would like to use the Beira port as it is most convenient and the

distances are shorter," said the spokesman.

He said detergents required raw materials such as chemicals which could only

be obtained from overseas sources, mainly in Europe.

Although some quantities of tallow could be found locally, Lever Brothers

also had to import from countries like Australia and the United States to

meet it's needs.

A spokesman for the British syndicate, Rio Tinto, said since it was a gold

producing company, its exports were sent through the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe .

"But like all industrial mining companies in Zimbabwe when it comes to raw

materials we have been importing from South Africa such items as explosives,

drilling machines, electrical spares and chemicals," said Mr Douglas Sagonda,

chairman of Rio Tinto Zimbabwe.

He said the ingredients took prominence in the mining industry but the company would not stop its operation when the South African routes and markets

were closed.

"We will try and continue to run along with our mining but it could be very

expensive because the other way would be to airfreight these materials,

said Mr Sagonda, adding that this would reduce Rio Tinto»s profits and

revenues.

He said Rio Tinto was already working out alternatives measures and would

cooperate with the government to ensure that the mining industry was adequately served.

A spokesman for Leyland said most of its goods were shipped through Beira.

But, said Mr Brian Johnston, managing director of Layland Zimbabwe, the

moto vehicle assemblers had been relying on South Africa for sheet metal.

"That is very crucial for the motor industry especially on truck bodies,"

said Mr Johnson.

He said alternative sources would have to be found for sheet metal, a vital

component in truck body-building.

76662

CSO: 3400/415

33
ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

TIES WITH INDONESIA, LAOS—Zimbabwe and Indonesia and Laos People's Democratic

Republic have established diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level with

effect from today. A statement issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

today says Zimbabwe and the two countries have established friendship and

mutually beneficial cooperation on the basis of the principles of equality,

noninterference in the internal affairs of other states, and respect for

each other's independence and territorial integrity. [Text] [Harare Domestic Service in English 1745 GMT 14 Aug"86 MB] /6662

'EFFECTS OF SANCTIONS' COMMITTEE--The government has set up a cabinet committee to look into the issue of sanctions against South Africa and their possible effects on Zimbabwe. According to THE SUNDAY MAIL, [words Indistinct]

are to consider how Zimbabwe can best withstand the sanctions after they

have been imposed on Pretoria. The committee, whieh is chaired by the minister of trade and commerce, Comrade Oliver Munyaradzi, comprises people

mainly from finance and security ministries. While there has been a little

panic in some quarters about the possible effects of border closures by

South Africa, the need to set up a committee demonstrates the government

resolve to meet the challenge caused by any retaliatory acts by Pretoria

after the imposition of sanctions against it. [Text] [Harare Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 10 Aug 86 MB] /6662

GOLD REFINERY TO BE BUILT—The Zimbabwean government plans to build a Zd3,5

million gold refinery which is expected to start operating in about two

years, a Cabinet minister said in the Zimbabwean midlands town of Mvuma.

In an interview with Ziana new agency during a tour of the Athens mine, which

is currently undergoing a Zdl2 million facelift, the Minister of Mines,

Mr Richard Hove said the refinery would be a parastatal, and partly owned

by the Standard Chartered Bank. The minister said technical work on the

refinery was completed. "We will be working closely with a western

Australian company until the commissioning of the refinery in two years,"

he added. The bulk of the equipment to be used in the construction of the

refinery would be locally made, he said. [Text][Johannesburg THE STAR in

English 31 Jul 86 p 15]/12828

CSO: 340Ö/385

34
SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT'S HOLLOW PROMISES TO TBVC CITIZENS REVIEWED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 1 Aug 86 p 11

[Article by David Braun]

CAPE TOWN — The last week has revealed how the citizens

[Text] of South Africa's independent homelands have been conned

out of their birthright in exchange for a hollow promise.

For years the Government has encouraged the homelands to opt

for full independence on the basis that this would give each ethnic

group sovereignty. :

, The catch: upon independence, every member of the population ;

group involved had to exchange South African citizenship for that'

of the newly independent country whether he lived there or not. v

As every black person had to be classified a member of an ethnic

group, it followed that if all 10 homelands took independence, there,

would no longer be any black South African citizens. Whites would

be the majority in South Africa. '.'' ,

Blacks who became citizens of independent countries would be

better off than those who did not, Cabinet Ministers promised.

Transkei, Bophuthatswaha, Ciskei and Venda (TBVC countries)

took their independence and their eitizens overnight became foreigners in South Africa, allowed to work and live in South Africa on

only a temporary basis.

Bilateral agreements were signed, by the TBVC countries and

South Africa, to regulate the flow of migrant workers.

South African employers could employ foreigners without clears

ance from the Department of Manpower, whose function it was to

ensure South Africans were not being deprived of work.

If TBVC nationals wished to stay longer than 14 days in South

Africa they had to apply for "consent".

The paperwork and controls were administered by Development

Board officials who also implemented influx control and regulated

the migration of South African blacks. - .i.

In practice, therefore, blacks were restricted from working and

living in urban areas whether they were TBVC nationals or not. :

In January last year, in a policy speech which set out his reform

programme, President Botha accepted the permanent settlement'

within South Africa, outside the borders of the independent and

self-governing states, of a large number of black people.

The political, aspirations of these communities would be accommodated by structures within South Africa, he said.' ''

In April, the Government allowed that the loss of South African

citizenship would not necessarily follow a self-governing territory's

decision to take independence.

In September Mr Botha announced SA citizenship would be restored to blacks.

The loss of it, he said, led to frustration among those who lived in

South Africa or were born in the Republic. i

;

V

35
Women and children too

Last month Parliament passed the Restoration of South African

Citizenship Act which gave effect to part of Mr Botha's,promise.

TBVC citizens granted SA citizenship included: :'!'.".

•Those born in South Africa prior to the independence of their

state amiwho have sinee livedinthe Republic. ,

• Citizens by birth or descent of a TBVC states who entered the I

Republic after the independence of that state but before the commencement of the Act, and were lawfully resident in South Africa

for five years.

•Those who lawfully, entel the Republic after the commencement

of the Act and stay for five years.

The Act also makes provision for the granting of SA citizenship

to spouses and children.

TBVC citizens born in those states before independence do not

qualify for SA citizenship if they ddon't fit one of the categories. , !

TBVC nationals wlio don't qualify for SA citizenship in terms of

the Act remain foreigners if they visit South Africa.

About five million TBVC citizens are estimated to be affected.

The advantages black South African citizens have over TBVC

nationals emerged when influx control was abolished and all South

Africans became free to move around and seek workanywhere in

the Republic. *'. ' '.'

From July i, with the repeal of the pass laws, the task of administering the migration of TBVC nationals has been, transferred

from the disbanded Development Boards to the Department o^

Home Affairs.

TBVC citizens must comply with the provisions of the Aliens Act,

like any other foreigners, with regard to residence and work per-;

mits. "'

For the millions of TBVC citizens the promised advantages of

independence have hot materialised. Their countries are not recognised officially by any country in the world, their travel documents

are seldom acceptable abroad and they have lost their right to

South African citizenship and all the advantages that, may provide

on the greater job market.

The story has not ended for these people, however. There is still

the second part of President Botha's announcement Jhat South

African citizenship may be restored to TBVC citizens resident in

the independent homelands on the basis of dual nationality.

Negotiations on this are in process on a bilateral basis between

South Africa and each of the national states.

Not much has been announced about their progress but it is

understood that the TBVC states are concerned that the granting of

South African citizenship to their nationals will undermine their

sovereignty.

/9274

CSO: 3400/362

36
SOUTH AFRICA

ANC COMMENTS ON OUTCOME OF COMMONWEALTH SUMMIT

EA070924 Addis Ababa Radio Freedom in English to South Africa 1930 GMT

6 Aug 86

[Text] Following now is the ANC press release on the outcome of the Commonwealth mini summit. The ANC congratulates the six Commonwealth heads of

government on their decision to impose further sanctions against the Pretoria

regime. The deteriorating situation in South Africa, with the regime's

violence and brutality against the population reaching new extremes behind

the cloak of censorship, requires [words indistinct].

However, the commitment of these heads of government and their refusal to

[words indistinct] into making gestures which can only serve to sustain the

[words indistinct] is a source of encouragement to us. The Prime Minister,

Margaret Thatcher, has confirmed her government's determination to continue to

support (?the Pretoria regime) [words indistinct]. The British Government is

not in the least concerned [words indistinct]. It sees nothing wrong with

the continued occupation of (?Namibia). or Pretoria's aggression against the

independent states of southern Africa.

The cornerstone of Mrs Thatcher's (?policy) in southern Africa is the achievement of [words indistinct] while assuring Botha that her government will do

nothing to stop his murderous campaign of terror throughout southern Africa.

The ANC appeals to all governments, especially those in the Commonwealth,

to impose the agreed measures immediately. [words indistinct] the decision

to secure concerted international action in the coming months will lead to

the imposition of comprehensive mandatory sanctions by the Security Council.

Amandla Ngawethu. Maatle ke Arona. From ungovernability to people's power.

/9716

CSO: 3400/380

37
SOUTH AFRICA

ANC RADIO LAUDS COMMONWEALTH ISOLATION OF THATCHER

EA071012 Addis Ababa Radio Freedom in English to South Africa 1930 GMT 6 Aug 86

InS3i ^V"? aW?^ed ^

inl

-

summlt of seven commonwealth heads of government

ended last Monday with a defeat for Thatcherism. The arrogant and obstinate

British prime minister remained alone and isolated as the other six leaders

Thfh" T %

nUmber °f eCOn°miC meaSUreS a

*

ainst the «lalnal apartheid regime

th?°

f

Sommer* of the Bahamas, Australia, Canada, IndL, Zambia fnd

Zimbabwe agreed on a ban on air links with apartheid South Africa: A ban on

2£5r f «Partheld fruits and vegetables: a halt to bank olans to Pretoria

Ir^anTs'tL'l?08'

C

°

nSUlar fftclliti"' "* •» end to imports of uranium^oal,

ra iHJ^Vi the apert^

e±d;s staunch a

"y» Margaret Thatcber, could only agree

on what is in essence [words indistinct]. She agreed only to a voluntary bin

on new investments and promotion of tourism, and is prepared to Iccept the

the EEC P°

rtS °f COa1'ir°n and Steel °nly if SUch * decision w"e taken by

oo^dr

1S

^

n

f

the S±X Commonwealth leaders to isolate and expose Thatcher's

r^f°?ti°ni8t

maneuvers is a step in the right direction. ?hese leaders

realized that they could not wait for a change in Thatcher's pro-apartheid

ff" be!fe thf

c

°

Uld aCt a8ainSt the evil apartheid sjstemf Like the

f^scLT\r f I** W°

rld dld 4

°

yearS a

*° when confronted by the threat of

tS horns X C0nm0nwealth heads of government decided to take the bull by

heavilvdorPrf/af?* "Ü *

iffibabwe' especially, whose economies depend heavily on Pretoria's, their decision to move along with the rest nf L

democratic mankind shows how much concerned they are about thl^t , ,

tion that is obtainable in our country today! These leaders Low tb^ '"'

tSLawilie 8en°1dal.^ a88reSSlVe~

id 2S.^S?«SS. tt ^coun- tries will never develop, and they will never know peace Presidenten^!

But be^^rtt^eLe3faff eSom^hterf tey ^7^ P°

Sitl0n'

aph2thh:idseen th:

ir p

\

ople being ki1^T^^^^r^^^i^1

apartheid aggression; they have suffered under colonial yoke for years te

P"f retLHig^ke^ ^ "* " ^^-Vs^pTthlt Z

38
We the people of South Africa take this opportunity to salute the six Commonwealth leaders for their action of support and solidarity for our struggle.

We also hope that the rest of the 42 other Commonwealth countries will follow

suit. We are also looking forward to seeing other nations of the world taking

similar measures against Pretoria.

The claim that if sanctions are not applied by the United States and other

major trading partners of Pretoria they will never be effective is an empty

argument. The actions taken by the six leaders will have an effect. [words

indistinct] there would have been no need [word indistinct] to resort to such

retaliatory measures within hours of the London decision. The fact that the

Boers have already announced measures they will be taking against Zambia and

Zimbabwe shows that they know very well that these commonwealth measures will

be effective.

There is also another argument that is nowadays being raised by some of the

close friends of the apartheid regime, like Japan, that they will, only apply

sanctions when the rest of the Western world has taken a decision. In other

words, they are still waiting for Thatcher and Reagan to change their proapartheid positions. They are expecting the self-proclaimed allies of

Pretoria to abandon their ally. Needless to say that (?such things) are just

another cover for their reluctance to isolate Pretoria. If [words indistinct]

in our country, now is the time to take action. All these countries who are

talking about [words indistinct]. If the will is there, why are they still

waiting?

The positions taken by the six Commonwealth leaders last Monday were partly as

a result of our struggle. If we were not confronting the enemy as bravely as

we are doing, no country could have risked its own survival for our sake. No

nation can start acting in support of another if the oppressed nation is

not struggling. [word indistinct] in the past 2 and one-half years we have

demonstrated brave, (?valiant) commitment that has inspired all peace-loving

people the world over to [words indistinct]. Even in countries like Britain

and the United States the mass of the people have joined us. That is why you

always hear of demonstrations and protests against apartheid's embassies in

these countries. That is why Botha's European tour 2 years ago became a fiasco. We have the whole democratic community behind us. Therefore, we cannot

betray the trust that other nations have in us.

Zambia and Zimbabwe took the courageous position they took because they can see

that the end of the apartheid system has commenced. They know that we are going to bring down that regime sooner rather than later. They have decided

to suffer side by side with us during these last but demanding days. They did

that because they have confidence in us. They have seen the manner in which

we have been confronting the enemy in the recent past. They will face Botha's

retaliatory measures without regret, because they, like us, also believe that

the end of the apartheid system is near.

We must not betray that confidence. We have to fight. We have to organize

ourselves to fight better and harder for the speedy downfall of the apartheid

regime. Botha has already announced some measures with which he intends

39
suffocating the economy of these two countries. We have a duty to protect and

defend these countries. Last year, the National Union of Mine Workers stated

that should Botha decide to retaliate by expelling workers from the [word

indistinct] neighboring states because of sanctions, workers will take

industrial action. Now, Botha, with his action, is calling for such industrial

action. We must now allow him to strangle our neighbors without any punishment.

We must [words indistinct]. At the same time, we must take some punitive measures against countries like Britain, Japan, West Germany, the United States

and others who still refuse to isolate our enemy. They are refusing because of

the profits they get from our (?insecurity). We produce their profits. Now

that they are acting openly against our cause of liberation, all of us must

act to [word indistinct]. These companies which (?are greedily) reaping

profits from our country must be punished with (?an) uninterrupted ('series)

of sabotage actions. Wherever we work let us make sure that the exploiters

get less for investing in our country. Let us demonstrate in action that we

do not want investments that bolster apartheid in our country. Now is the

time to act. Other nations of the world are [words indistinct] support. We

also must act against those who are pushing our struggle back. Let us

punish the Reagans, the Thatchers, the Kohls, the Nakasones and the like for

betraying our cause for the sake of profit. Let us sabotage the apartheid

economy from which they benefit so much. At the same time let us step up the

level of strike action and demand living wages, because it is also because

of the starvation wages which we get that make these imperialists to refuse

to isolate Pretoria. By sabotaging the racist economy we shall be imposing

our own form of sanctions. Down with the (?investments), isolate Pretoria.

/9716

CSO: 3400/380

40
SOUTH AFRICA

ANC CRITICIZES THATCHER, URGES CONCERTED ACTION

EA071205 Dakar PANA in English 1100 GMT 7 Aug 86

[Text] London, 7 Aug (NAN/PANA)—The NAC, in a reaction to the outcome of the

mini-summit of Commonwealth leaders which ended in London on Monday has said

that "the cornerstone of Margaret Thatcher's policy toward southern Africa is

the appeasement of racism".

The statement (released on Tuesday in London by Alfred Nzo, ANC secretarygenerali said the British prime minister "tries to disguise this with hypocritical expressions of concern about the jobs and stomachs of the oppressed

majority while assuring Botha that her government will do nothing to stop his

murderous campaign of terror throughout southern Africa".

He said: "Prime Minister Thatcher has confirmed her governments determination

to continue to support the Pretoria regime. It is clear that the British government is not in the least concerned about the daily killings of our people in

southern Africa", a Western Europe correspondent of the NEWS AGENCY OF NIGERIA

(NAN) reports.

The liberation organisation congratulated "the six Commonwealth heads of

government on their decision to impose further sanctions against the Pretoria

regime".

It emphasised that the "deteriorating situation in South Africa, with the

regime's violence and brutality against the population reaching new extremes

behind a cloak of censorship requires the imposition of comprehensive and

mandatory sanctions".

The ANC appealed to all governments, especially those in the Commonwealth, to

impose the agreed measures immediately, adding, "we hope that the decision to

secure concerted international action in the coming months will lead to the

imposition of comprehensive and mandatory sanctions in the UN Security Council".

Thatcher alone refused to sanction punitive measures against South Africa

during the summit in London attended by six other heads of states.

/9716

CSO: 3400/380

41
SOUTH AFRICA

ANC RADIO SCORNS SOUTH AFRICAN PASS REFORMS ./

EA091459 Addis Ababa Radio Freedom in English to South Africa 1930 GMT

8 Aug 86

[Excerpt] Compatriots, 9 August, the 30th anniversary of the women's heroic

march on Pretoria is set to be a day on which the whole nation moves with our

women in the march towards freedom [passage omitted] However [words

indistinct] honoring our heroes we shall also address the burning campaigns

of the day, especially the pass laws. At no other time in the history of our

women s day has the issue of pass laws been so much [words indistinct] as it

is today on the 30th anniversary. Earlier this year the leadership of our

vanguard movement, the ANC, issued a call to us stating that the time has

come that as part of our mass offensive to make apartheid unworkable, once

more we boldly confront the issue of that badge of slavery, the pass laws.

The cry, saxd the ANC, must ring out through the length and breadth of our

country this year, away with the pass laws.

Shortly thereafter, the apartheid ring leader, Pieter Botha, announced what he

called a reform, (?and said that) his regime was scrapping the passes and replacing them with the uniform identity system. It was our determination to

destroy the passes that forced the regime to sound the [word indistinct]

retreat on this matter. The ANC quickly warned the nation against the danger

posed by the so-called uniform identity system, and called on us to resist all

other attempts by the Botha regime to deny us free access to any part of our

united South Africa, whether by means of new identity documents, Bantustans,

reaettlement camps group areas or other racist devices. The liberation moveJT^JÜ?1 °

U

J ^

3re n0t Simply demandln8 that reference books should

be withdrawn. Passes are not just books. To change the books for an I.D.

document is meaningless, because the system that passes are part of remains in

*

P

^

se

"' whether they are books or I.D. cards, can not be separated from

influx control and the Bantustans.

We are not simply against any form of identification at all cost, but we are

Strv of6 f0r;

of/dentlfication .^ich limits our freedom of movement in the

ZTl? A T

forefathers>a count*y which we have built with our own sweat

and blood. We are against all laws and restrictions that make us foreigners

in any part of our country, whether that is administered by means of reference

books or uniform identity cards is of no significance whatsoever. The replacerti. I A

C

°^tr?

1 W±th orderl

y urbanisation is only meant to consolidate

the hated system by buying off some of the African people who happen to have

42
what the enemy called approved accommodation. This means that those with such

accommodation will remain in the urban areas, while the majority without that

accommodation will be relegated to the barren reserves. It is partly because

of this that we have to continue attacking this pass system. We know that

without passes and influx control, whether you call them uniform identity and

orderly urbanization, the white minority will never have been able to rob us

of our land and set up the Bantustans and group areas.

This system is one. It is as much about denying us our right to the land in

all parts of South Africa as it is about controlling our labor. The racists

have not done away with the passes as they claim, but are merely replacing them

with a more sophisticated identity document, and in fact the so-called uniform

identity introduces more stringent measures reflecting place of residence and

employment which are to be vital information for the police, who will continue

to waylay us in the streets and invade our homes at any time of the day. Our

women in the squats, the unemployed, will be the first victims of these identity cards. Women have been the chief victims when they were separated from

their families in urban areas because it is said they do not have approved

accommodation. They know how frustrating and humiliating (?it is to be in the)

mile-long waiting list.

At a time when no houses are being built, and unemployment is on the rise, all

those affected by lack of accommodation and employment will be bundled off to

the Bantustans. Botha's uniform identity system will not stop these forced

deportations. Instead they are going to be increased. Black women who have

suffered the humiliation of being asked to produce a pass any hour of the day,

locked up in prison with their babies, (?left) in the [word indistinct] bushes,

and fined a lot of money for pass offenses, cannot be content with any form of

cosmetic changes to the system.

Now is the time for action. Let us reject the pass laws and the pass itself,

whatever form it takes. Burning our passes and refusing to accept I.D. documents can be the first and very necessary step. We must prevent the regime from

dragging us into their control network by refusing to carry the documents

which help them in their work. This is part of our growing struggle to exercise popular control over our own land.

But we have to go further. We have to organize to begin to reclaim the land,

our land in the countryside as well as in the towns. We must break the chains

of group areas and the Bantustans. We have the right to live in all of South

Africa. The white farmhouses which are left empty, the white farm land where

animals graze freely whilst we are pent up in grossly congested homelands, we

have the right to live there.

In the towns and cities, the acute housing problem that is facing the African

location is paralleled by houses standing empty in white suburbs. This is the

lunacy of apartheid which we have to destroy. We demand that unused housing be

made available to the people. When we burn the dompas, we have to move to

break down the fences of locations, ghettoes and Bantustan borders. We must

reclaim the land which is ours. The cry must reverberate throughout our country, away with the badge of slavery, away with the pass laws. Long live the

Women's Day [Ika Malama Kosigaz Malibongo, Kinako Ushumi].

/9716

CSO: 3400/380 43
SOUTH AFRICA

SABC MOVE ANGERS BOPHUTHATSWANA GOVERNMENT

Johannesburg THE NEW NATION in English 31 Jul-13 Aug 86 p 5

[Text] THE RECENT extension of South

African Broadcasting Corporation

transmissions to

some areas of Bophuthatswana has angered the homeland

government.

Earlier this month,

the SABC extended

its transmission to

Bophuthatswana's

capital of Mmab;tho

- a place which

only had access to

Bop TV.

In the homeland

parliament recently,

the Minister of Post

and Telecommunications K C V

Sehume, whose

department controls

broadcasting services in the country,

accused the South

African government

of "breach of

promise".

"Our agreement

with the SA officials

was that neither

government would

extend television

transmission to the

other's country

without consultation," Sehume said.

"The Pretoria government," said Foreign Affairs Minister TM Molatlhwa,

"is selfish.

"When we first

introduced the Bop

TV service, it was

so successful that

they (South Africa)

decided to cut our

transmission in

some of their areas

-- despite petitions

and protests from

even white South

Africans.

"Now the same

government is trying

to infiltrate our

country through

their broadcasting

services, without

our approval."

According to Mr

Molatlhwa said

South Africa, which

had no friends,

should know better.

He wondered why

the country was

busy trying to make

enemies of her

neighbours.

"In these times of

recession, the money being used by the

South African Government to block

Bop-TV transmissions could have

been used to improve and uplift the

standard of living of

blacks in the townships," Motatlhwa

told the Bophutatswana parliament.

/8309

CSO: 3400/389

44
SOUTH AFRICA

KWANDEBELE INDEPENDENCE ISSUE SPLITS ROYAL FAMILY, GOVERNMENT

Johannesburg THE NEW NATION in English 31 Jul-13 Aug 86 p 6

[Article by Cedric Kekana]

[Text]

A COUPLE of months

ago one would never • have thought that the

seeming quietness of

K.vaNdebele was the '

type that usually comes

before a storm.

The storm came to

KwaNdebele in May -

and is still raging.

And in the heart of

the storm, the people of

this poverty stricken

territory that has opted ,

to take independence

from South Africa,

have sworn that they

will resist the move "to

the last drop of blood."

When we visited the

embattled area, one

could not fail to notice

the determination of the

people -- men and

women, young and old -

- in their opposition to

the forthcoming independence.

The independence

issue has split the , KwaNdebele royal family and the government

of Chief Minister Simon

Skosana.

In a rare interview,

Prince James Mahlangu;

who heads the royalists

attack against the

government, spoke

candidly about the

issues.

, "Independence? No

way", said Prince James

Senzangakhona Mahlangu who sees

independence as a sham.

"There is no going,

back now, we are

opposed to this thing

and that's it. Our morale

is high and we cannot be

stopped," he said.

The independence

move has the support of

Simon Skosana, Chief i

Minister of KwaNdebele j

and the much hated

Imbokotho vigilantes

who comprise of businessmen and members

of the KwaNdebele legislative assembly.

During the interview,

conducted at the Royal

Kraal, Prince Mahlangu

said the KwaNdebele

royalty was now at odds

with the government of

the territory.

He outlined fne basis

of their rejection of

| independence- The peo-

! pie of KwaNdebele have

learnt from the tragedies

of other territories which

opted for so called

independence.

The people had lost

their South African

rights, there were no

jobs in the homelands

and consequently, peopie starved and the

population was generally

brutalised by those in

I government — invariably

I rich businessmen.

1 "The royalty is more

respected by the people

, than the KwaNdebele or

;

the South African govi ernments.

: "Because of this

i factor we expected to be

fully consulted by both

these authorities on the

issue of independence,

but we were not.

"Instead we are

expected to willy nilly

support moves that our

people are opposed to,"

said Prince James.

Prince James took

over the chairmanship of

the Ndzundza Tribal

Authority at the end of

1983, and periodically

; people would enquire

, about the speculation

that the territory would

be independent. These

charges were always

denied by the government.

The last straw for the

royalty, according to the

Prince, was when people

opposed to independence were attacked and

even killed by the armed

bandits of Imbokotho —

which, many claim, was

founded to neutralise

any public condemn-

, ation of the

' independence moves.

45
Many point out that

the independence will be

bogus and will only

benefit businessmen.

There are no major,

industries in KwaNdebele and its entire

workforce is employed

in South Africa.

Indeed more than 80

per cent of the territory's

inhabitants are in South

Africa during the day ~

only returning to

KwaNdebele to sleep.

"We watched in

astonishment as Imbo-

.kotho systematically

brutalised the students

and the youth, and we

reached a point when we

felt that enough was

enough," said the

Prince.

His brother, Prince

Cornelius Kosi Mahlangu, Minister of

Health.Welfare and

Pensions added: "When

Imbokotho emerged, it

became clear to the

people that it was a tool

used to force independence down the

people's throats."

As one travels from

one village to another in|

KwaNdebele, one cannot fail to catch sight of

the destruction of

businesses belonging to

members of parliament,:

because in this

homeland, membership

of parliament has

become synonymous

with owning a string of

businesses.

Imbokotho vigilantes

nave been known to

dash from village to

village causing plunder

and panic among

residents.

Commented one resident: "These are not

actions of people who

i genuinely believe in

independence, these are

actions of men who are'

i fearful that bread is 1 about to be taken away

from their mouths." . Concluding the interI view, Prince James

! Mahlangu said: "We

i consider ourselves to be

'}. South Africans and

nothing will change that,

pseudo independence or

not."

. Soon after the

interview, Prince James

and other members of

the royal family went to

attend a Day of Prayer

that had been called to

pray for peace in the,

area - and so while thel

storm raged, the people

of KwaNdebele knelt in

prayer and hope.

/8309

CSO: 3400/389

46
SOUTH AFRICA

INCREASING INFLUENCE OF BLACK INDEPENDENT CHURCHES NOTED

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 1 Aug 86 p 10

{Article by Garry Brennan]

[Text] RAPID growth of

South Africa's various

black independent

churches is making the

power of the black

Christian movement a

religious, social and

even political force

that should not be' underestimated.

The independent

churches and mainline,

orthodox churches

seem to be poles apart,

with misunderstanding

on both sides. This was

illustrated at the weekend when King Goodwill Zwelethini spoke

at the July Festival of

the Ibandla lamaNazaretha (Church of the

Nazareth — the

Shembe Church) at Matabetule.

Criticising Anglican

and Catholic leaders,

the Zulu King warned

the independent

churches to beware of

"false prophets" who

advocated violence and

sanctions to bring

about change.

The rift in religious

movements is a worry

to church leaders and:

academics who are

aware of the tremendous growth of the independent churches

and their influence on . black perceptions. \

, In 1930 the Zion ' Christian Church, for

example, had 926

members; today it

claims a membership

of more than four mil- •

lion.

In 1948 there were

.800 independent denominations. Today

there are 3 270, with

six million members.

Membership has increased from nine percent of the black population in 1948 to almost

40 percent today.

To get an overall

picture of the movement, the Human Sciences Research Council allocated more than

R100 000 for a fouryear research programme headed by

Professor G.C. Oosthuizen, of Westville, an

authority on mission

sciences and separatist

movements. Half-way

through the programme his work,

much of it in townships, has made himi

more conscious than

ever of how little white

South Africans know of

blacks.

' "We've been zombies

for too long. We drive

to the airport past Umlazi and haven't the

faintest idea what goes

on there."

A. Of Dutch Reformed

background, Professor

Oosthuizen has great

i respect for the customs

and practices of the hv

i' dependent churches,

some of which have led

some other theologians

to label them cults. For

example, in some of

the churches there is

over-emphasis on the

Holy Spirit, Umoya,

even to the extent qf

placing Jesus in the

background.

This must be seen

against an African cultural background in

which power, the vital

;'force, isseen in everyjthing: the body —

'sometimes leading to

?'muti" rites — and

47
plants and of course

the sea, favoured for

baptism ceremonies,

when the candidates

receive spiritual power

and get rid of evil spirits.

There is heavy emphasis on healing at

every service.

"Sangomas still play

a big role in the lives

of blacks," said Professor Oosthuizen. "A recent study at King Edward Hospital showed

patients still turn to

sängomas to find empathy, warmth, integrity and satisfaction,

finding our Western

medicine cold and clinical."

One form of healing,

familiar to passers-by

of open-air services,

has elders running

round and round the

patient— or turning

him round and round -to "get the Spirit".

Mainline churches

were also unhappy

years ago with the traditional singing and

clapping at black

churches and early

missionaries tried to

forbid blacks composing their own hymns. It

didn't work: "Africans

are composers by nature. The very first

hymn for one of the

new churches was

composed here in

Natal."

Today, however, the

main denominations—

especially the Catholics, who have overtaken the Methodists in

black membership—

are finding ways of al-

/8309

CSO: 3400/392

lowing white and black

cultures to meet.

Prayers through ancestors, for example, can

finda parallel of sorts

in Catholic beliefs on

the saints.

Most church-goers

would find the principles of movements

such as the Zion Christian Movement hard

going. Smoking and

drinking alcohol are

forbidden and there is a strict work ethic.

Members wear star

symbol badges and,

like Muslims making

pilgrimage to Mecca,

visit their own holy

shrine at Moria City, a few kilometres north

of Pietersburg.

With their own sometimes colourful and

controversial ways, the

independent churches

are the fastest-growing

religious movement in

Africa. Mainline

church leaders— especially Anglican Bishop

Tutu, who has been

critical of the Zion

church in particular—

will need to study the

extent of their differences with the independents and come to

terms, or risk losing

control of more of

their flocks.

48
SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK PRETORIA COMMUTERS DISSATISFIED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 15 Aug 86 p 13

[Text] TUE two major areas of

dissatisfaction among

Black commuters in the

Pretoria area are overcrowded buses and trains

and infrequent and unreliable services which may

result in late arrival at

work.

This is the conclusion

reached by the National

Institute for Transport

and Road Research

(NITRR) at the Council

for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in a

report entitled "Black

Commuting in Pretoria:

Summary Report".

The NITRR report is a

summary of 14 separate

studies of Black commuting in the Pretoria area.

Over 1000 commuters

were interviewed and extensive field checks of all

the majoT aspects of Commuting were made.

It also provides a set of

broad guidelines for the

levels of service that

Black commuters expect.

Studies elsewhere in

South Africa, although

less detailed, suggest that

the problems experienced

and attitudes of Black

commuters are similar in • most areas.

Dealing with overcrowding and infrequent

and unreliable services,

the report found that:

"Commuters feelthat the

/8309

CSO: 3400/392

standards of these aspects

of the service should be

very high; they feel that

almost everybody should

have a seat and that they

should be able to rely on a •

punctual arrival ät work:'" >

Another issue where

commuters expect very

high standards is cost.

Dissatisfaction is widespread with current fare

levels although these are

highly subsidised and usually account for a small

percentage of the commuters'income.

Long commuting distances are another crucial .

issue. According to the

repprt: "Commuters with ,

long'journeys ate" more.',

dissatisfied with almost

every aspect of their trip *

than are those with short

journeys."

It said that complaints

about long journeys to

work are likely to increase due to dissatisfaction with the purely transport aspects, dissatisfaction with the political basis for the long; trips and

dissatisfaction with the

human problems which i

result.

"In the worst cases.v

: commuters spend more

time travelliing than they;

spend sleeping,'! .found;

i the report. '< s>'

49
SOUTH AFRICA

SARMCOL WORKERS CO-OP INCREASES ACTIVITIES

Johannesburg THE NEW NATION in English 31 Jul-13 Aug 86 p 1

[Text]

The longest strike in the history of South African labour

continues. Sixteen months ago BTR Sarmcol workers went

on strike, demanding recognition for their union and ä

living wage. They were fired. The dispute went to court -

and It goes to court again in October. BTR Sarmcol has

caused untold hardship to the Howick community, say the

workers, all Mawu members. The last 16 months have not

been easy for the Mawu workers. They would have been

even more difficult had the workers not formed a co-op,

to maintain unity, and to make sure thoy and their

children don't starve. Now they can rightfully say they

have "proved to the bosses that we can fight them for

.. ' longer than they expect".

THE SARMCOL Workers" Co-.>p

(Sawco), established about nine

months ago to ensure unity during

the strike at BTR-Sarmcol, has

increased the size of its operation

ten-fold.

After successfully printing over

one thousand T-shirts for the

launch of the Congress of SA

Trade Unions, Sawco branched

out into five more types of

activity.

It now maintains a 50 hectare

farm, a news gathering unit, a

health screening project and a bulk

buying scheme.

The T-shirt project, which

started with nine strikers, now has

a workforce of 30.

Although the project is not

generating any surpluses, it has

reached a stage where expenses

balance income.

EXPORTS

According to one of the

strikers, shop steward Phillip

Dladla, samples of Sawco Tshirts have been sent abroad and

the co-op may soon start

exporting.

But it is still dependent on

orders from local trade unions,

community and student organisations.

- Says Sawco co-ordinator

Pauline Stanford: "Orders from

organisations will help a great deal

in achieving self-sufficiency".

Sawco has also been farming

for the past few months and

expects to reap its first crop in a

few weeks.

HARVEST

But the harvest will not be big

enough to sell to the market - all

50
of it will be used to supplement

the 800 food parcels Sarmcol

workers have been dependent on

since iheir dismissal.

Dladla, who was employed as a

lab technician by Sarmcol, says:

"Our next crop will be potatoes."

"We also plan to go into dairy

farming when our resources allow

us to."

One of the most important

activities of the co-op is screening

the children of Sarmcol strikers.

The health screening project

was launched when Mawu

doctors found widespread

malnutrition among children in

Howick's Mpophomeni township, where most of the workers

live.

The Sawco health screening

team monitors development of

children and refers them to a clinic

in the area if any serious ailments

are detected.

Dladla says: "Central to the

struggle at Sarmcol was the

demand for living wages. The

battle was intensified when the

exploitation of workers was

reflected in the deteriorating health

of our children."

A newsteam was also

established when it became

apparent that tine mainstream news

media was not serving the needs

ofthe striking community. • "We had to disseminate news

about the strike and the

community through our own

medium.

/8309

CSO: 3400/389

NEWSLETTER

"We have already produced our

first newsletter."

The co-op is run along

principles of democratic control

by workers, the development of

both individual and collective

capabilities, and the division of all

surplus according to the actual

needs of members of the co-op.

Sawco also aims to eliminate all

forms of labour division which

hinder democratic control.

Dladla says the most important

difference between the co-op and

the factory is that workers are not

governed by oppressive managementlaws.

"There are also no financial

secrets between co-op members.

"Workers have a clear

understanding of income and

expenditure, and participate fully

in decision making.

"We have proven to the bosses

that we can fight them for longer

than they expected. ,

"We are determined to win the

fight against mass dismissals that

have plagued the growth of

democratic trade unionism tor

over a hundred years," he

says.

•The industrial court has set aside

the whole of November for the

hearing of the dispute.

At the hearing, the Metal and

Allied Workers' Union will

challenge the dismissal of its

members, and seek their reinstatement.

51
SOUTH AFRICA

INKATHA'S UWUSA SAID TO INVITE INTERNATIONAL ISOLATION

Johannesburg THE NEW NATION .in English 31 Jul-13 Aug 86 p 18

[Text] INKATIIA's controversial United

Workers Union of

South Africa (Uwusn) is heading for

international isolation -- at least

publicly.

There have been

claims of close

unofficial tics between Uwusa and

foreign union federations, mainly the

American AFL-CIO

and an Israeli federation.

In a telex to the

NEW NATION last

week, the Westernorientated International Confederation of Trade Unions (ICFTU), said

it would neither

initiate contact with

nor give assistance

to Uwusa.

The decision was

taken when the Uwusa question was

discussed by ICFTU

affiliates at a co- ,

ordinating committee meeting on

South Africa.

The ICFTU is one

of two major world

union federations.

The other, the

Czechoslovakianbased WFTU (World.

Federation of Trade

Unions), will almost

certainly refuse to

forge links with the

Inkatha-backed union. This effectively

isolates the union,

except for links that

it maintains on an

unofficial level.

The move towards

Uwusa's international isolation I

also follows strong

rejection of claims

by the union that it,

enjoys majority sup-!

port at a number of

factories in Natal

and the Transvaal.

The claims have

been made at

factories mainly

organised by Cosatu

affiliates in the

metal and food industries. I

The first attack on

the claim came when

I the Food and Allied

Workers Union won

a majority vote at !

Jabula Foods in

Springs. I

After the ballot,

Fawu's chief shop

steward at the firm j

was killed.

Seven workers j have been suspe- j

nded pending inve- '

stigations into the

killing.

At Clover dairies

in Durban, 1 000

Fawu members went i

on strike demanding

the dismissal of

three workers, two

of whom* are security guards. Thestrike was sparked

off when the three

workers allegedly

destroyed Fawu

membership forms

and replaced them

with Uwusa forms

without workers'

consent.

When asked which

companies had

signed recognition

; agreements with the

union, Uwusa pres-

, ident Petros Ndlovu

said he did not have

the information at

hand and would

phone it through to

the NEW NATION

as soon as possible.

At the time of going

to press a week

later, no phone call

had been received.

/8309

CSO: 3400/389 52
SOUTH AFRICA

FAWU PLANKING ACTION TO SECURE WORKERS' REINSTATEMENT

Johannesburg THE NEW NATION -in English 31 Jul-13 Aug 86 p 18

[Text] THE MASS dismissal of

240 workers at Clover

Dairies in Pietermaritzburg was "provocative and clearly an

attempt to*smash the

Food and Allied Workers Union (Fawu) and

replace it with the

Inkatha-backed Uwusa".

This claim was made

by Fawu, which has.

organised more than

2 500 dairy workers at

eight Clover plants,

most of which are in

Natal.

The dismissal follows

a series of strikes at the

Pietermaritzburg plant of

the dairy. According to

Fawu, the strikes were

sparked off by a number

of problems, including

a management refusal to

negotiate on issues other

than wages despite

tough working conditions.

The conflict started;

early last month when

management reversed its

promise to implement an

interim increase in February.

AGREEMENT

Management agreed to

backdate the increases

after the strike but

dismissed a shop steward, Peter Gumede, after

accusing him of disrupting a meeting.

Another strike followed, during which the

workers accused the

company of breaking an

agreement in which it

undertook not to act

against workers for

participating in the

strike. Management

conceded and reinstated

Gumede.

But this was not the

end of the story. Rival

unionists followed striking workers home and

threatened them. And

although the company

was informed or the

threats, no action was

taken against the workers, Fawu says.

Instead management'

again summoned a meeting with shop stewards

and dismissed the chairman of the shop stewards committee, Jethro

Ndlovu, for his role in

the strike.

According to the

bosses, Ndlovu shouted

"Amandla" when some

managers pointed guns

at workers. But workers

say they were already

retreating when confronted by gun-wielding

managers and rival

union officials, including a local councillor.

Managers insisted

Ndlovu had instigated

workers into attacking

Uwusa organisers and a

councillor. Ndlovu was

dismissed despite workers' protests.

This incident, according to Fawu, convinced

workers that management was determined to

smash Fawu and replace

it with Uwusa. A strike

followed and 230 workers were fired.

The union is

understood to be planning further action to

secure the workers'

reinstatement.

Fawu said the hostile

attitude of the management of the holding

company, National Cooperative Dairies (NCD)

53
— some of whom are

said by the union to

have close relations with

right-wing union boss

Arrie Paulus— had

compounded the problem. Management had

been "very accommodating" towards Uwusa

while harassing Fawu.

At the Congella plant,

Fawu said, two security

guards, both Uwusa

members, had torn up

Fawu membership

forms left at the gate by

unsuspecting members <

from other Fawu

branches and attached

names of Fawu members to Uwusa forms

without their consent.

This had resulted ina

strike by workers demanding the dismissal of

the guards. But management had refused to

take action.

In one case, bosses

had also allowed Uwusa

organisers access to the

canteen to recruit workers.

Fawu said its

organisers had repeatedly been barred from

certain of the dairies' Eremises. Management

ad also refused to

negotiate with the union,

saving talks could only

take place once an

agreement was signed

by the Durban plant of

the dairy.

/8309

CSO: 3400/389

54
SOUTH AFRICA

BLACKS GET MORE OPPORTUNITIES IN BUSINESS WORLD

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 7 Aug 86 p 15

[Article by Claire Robertson]

[Text] Commerce students are helping big

business to help itself out of the management crisis.

According to the Institute of Manpower Research, there is a need for . some 3 700 black, coloured and Indian-1

managers every year. .;

Only 300 moved into executive posi-.

tions every year for the last 20 years.

The International Association of Students in Economics and Management

feels the problem lies not in business

failing to recognise black talent, but in

not being exposed to it

This year AISEC is giving top priority to its Vacation Employment Scheme

whereby "disadvantaged students"

(mainly, but not only, black) are given

the opportunity to learn management

skills first-hand, and companies are offered the pick of the crop of up-andcoming executives.

DIFFICULTIES

"Admittedly black students and

graduates are disadvanted by. background and lack of experience in the

real business world," AISEC says in its

annual report. ;" -f r

"However, when one considers the

enormous social and economic difficulties faced, simply their ability to remain at university indicates they are

people of superior talent and determination."

AISEC screens potential vacation

employees, from disciplines as diverse

as marketing and computer sciences,

to ensure compatibility with a company's individual requirements. Then it

is up to the employee.

The firm concerned is asked to either give the student a "vac job" in the

Christmas break; or offer a bursary,;

pay his or her way in the international;

VES exchange programme, or offer to]

send the student on an AISEC leadership development programme.

The VES pilot programme managed

to place 43 students in vacation jobs

last year. A minimum target of 450

jobs in the December holiday, period,

has txJeh set for this yeaf^*'•'•"' f''^

AISEC member Mr Experience;

Nkanbinde (24) of Zola North inSoweto j

was one of those placed last year, and

one of VES's many success stories.

In November he joined the accounting section of the computer firm Honeywell, in Crown Mines, i-!

"'

c

After his two-and-a-half month stint'

his boss offered him a permanent job

there once he had completed his B

Comm at Vista University. W'-?

The firm has also offered' to help!

with his studies, and Mr Nkanbinde,.

who plans to be a chartered account*?

ant, may take another part-time job

there before he graduates.:' I

/9274

CSO: 3400/362 55
SCHOOL PRINCIPAL SPEAKS ON EFFECTS OF EMERGENCY

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 1 Aug 86 p 11

[Article by Montshiwa Moroke]

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text]

"Something has to give, somewhere" — This is the view of a

Soweto school principal, regarding the state of affairs in

black education throughout the

country.

His comment was prompted

by the tough stand taken by the

Government recently in its response to the growing rejection

by black pupils of the new security measures introduced in

black schools two weeks ago.

The Government has gone so

far as to threaten the closure of

those schools where ho "mean-,

ihgful" education was taking

place and to dismiss or transfer teachers from those

schools.

Pupils, pn the other hand,

have refused to accept the imposition of the new Government measures, including the

identity card system, the correct class placement and the

presence of security forces at

schools.

During an interview, the

school head highlighted the invidious position in which teachers found themselves and the

lack of communication between the Department of Education and Training (DET) and.

principals — except when they

gave intructions. >

DISCUSSION

The principal, who cannot be ,

identified for professional reasons, said that when the schools

re-opened on July 14, pupils

flocked to classes where

"pains" were taken to explain

the implications of the state of

emergency.

"I sent them back home to

their parents, to read newspapers and discuss these regulations which bound them to the

status quo.'

"There was a howl from

pupils about the identity cards,

but for the purpose of those

who wanted to be in school, I

said it should not be-an issue to

keep them away from school,"

the school head said.

He said that for the first

three days when the schools reopened, attendance was about

80 percent, but the situation

was unstable because ofcttyejre/:

registration regulation.

Now there was the problem

of the presence of security,

forces at schools. Principals

were not informed by the DET

of such a move.

He said: "We get nothing

from the DET. What we are

supposed to know we get from,

newspapers, which we avidly

read these days. ' "

IN OCCUPATION

"We found soldiers on the

school premises when we arrived at school pn July 18. They

were just jn occupation. The

children were concerned, but I

spoke to them and pleaded with

them to ignore the soldiers'

presence and to go about as if

they were not there."

The principal said teachers

were concerned because there

were large numbers of pupils

who wanted to be at school and

learn. FPr their sake, teachers

' had to run a middle course.

He foresaw the situation get-

' ting even more difficult and

expected the State to come

down heavily. In that case the

role of the teacher too was increasingly becoming difficult. ,

From teacher training,

teachers knew what their role

was, but it had since changed.

Teachers had to sit down to rethink, re-define and re-align

that role in the light of the

present.

"Morale among my teachers

is really low at the moment.

Something has to give, somewhere. Somebody has to give —

for the sake of sanity and

human dignity.

"By sheer' numbers it seems

to me that it is the politicians,

the State, which must give,"

the school head said.

/9274

CSO: 3400/362

56
SOUTH AFRICA

SOWETO PUPILS RENAMING HIGH SCHOOLS AFTER POLITICAL LEADERS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in.English 30 Jul 86 pp 1, 3

[Article by Sipho Ngcobo]

[Text]

SOWETO pupils are renaming high

schools after political leaders such as

Robert Sobukwe and Nelson Mandela.

And other schools in the township

have been renamed by pupils after Eastern bloc cities and African states which

the pupils consider to be "politically authentic".

At least one school has been named

"Communism".

The names, painted on the walls of

school buildings, have in several cases

been erased by the authorities — but

immediately repainted by the pupils.

Headmasters at some of the schools

confessed to having lost control.

The renamed schools were seen by a

Business Day team yesterday.

Entering the township complex

through Orlando East from Johannesburg and heading toward Orlando Stadium one sees Selekela Senior Secondary

School — now renamed "Sobukwe High1'

by the pupils.

The words are painted in big letters on

the walls of the school. Sobukwe is the

late president and founder of the banned

Pan Africanist Congress (PAC).

Also painted in big letters is the name

PAC and "Viva Apia". Apia is the millitary wing of the PAC.

Coincidenlally, the school is situated

diagonally opposite the hall where the

PAC was formed in 1959.

"This is the school of the PAC, the

school of Poqo," said one schoolboy.'

On the north-western part of Sowetö,

known as Meadowlands, the words

"Emma Sathekge: Communist School"

are painted on the walls of what is officially named Meadowlands High. Sathekge was a Pretoria schoolgirl who was

run over by a police armoured vehicle in

1984.

Lobone Secondary in Mofolo has been

renamed after jailed ANC leader Nelson

Mandela - "Nelson Mandela High .

The Keleketso Senior Secondary in

Meadowlands has been renamed "Oliver

Tambo High School" after the president

of the ANC.

There are others like "Libya High",

"Berlin High" and a couple of more

"Mandela Highs".

DThe Department of Education and

Training (DET) yesterday announced

' that a number Eastern Cape schools

' have been closed "due the total stayaway of pupils".

/9274

CSO: 3400/362

57
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

200 FACE REMOVAL—More than 200 black peasants in Natal have been told: "move

or face prosecution"—from three white owned farms they have occupied for

decades. The families, work and live on the farms Geluk, Zypherfontein and

Blaukrantz in the Umsinga District. A spokesperson for the Department of

Development Aid in Pietermaritzburg said there was nothing his department could

do to help the families, except to provide free transport and accommodation.

"But, we can only help if they agree to be resettled at Qhudeni in KwaZulu,

Mpendle or Frankland in Port Shepstone. [Text] [Johannesburg THE NEW NATION

in English 31 Jul-13 Aug 86 p 3] /8309

NEW JOBS IN GAZANKULU—Job opportunities for more than 650 people have been

provided by the establishment of a new factory at Mkhuhlu, an industrial

growth point near Hazyview, which is to be developed by the Shangaan/Tsonga

Development Corporation (STDC). The RIO million plastics factory was officially

opened by Professor Hudson Ntsanwisi, the Chief Minister of GaZankulu who said

that the best method of dismantling apartheid is the acceleration of the

economic development of the Black community. The 16,000 square metre factory

is the biggest single industrial undertaking in GaZankulu to date and cost

the STDC R3 million to build. "Rapid training in skills, mobility, opening

of economic opportunities and freedom of movement are what Blacks need in

South Africa, and as one of South Africa's Black leaders I have a mandate

from the people to argue forcibly against punitive sanctions which will

devastate the economy and stability," said Prof Ntsanwisi. There are now six

industries and 12 small industrialists working in sMkhuhlu and four new

factories are being currently developed by the STDC. The first phase of

development will be financed with a loan from the Development Bank of Southern

Africa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Aug 86 p 10] /8309

CSO: 3400/392

58
SOUTH AFRICA

ISRAEL INTENSIFIES EMIGRATION RECRUITMENT EFFORT

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES In English 27 Jul 86 p 9

[Article by Sybrand Mostert]

ISRAEL has joined the

[Text] »head hunt" in South

Africa with the arrival of

two- Israeli government

agents who have their

sights set on young accountants to swell the depleted ranks of their country's civil service.

Mr Yair Rabinowitz, a senior official with Israel's revenue department, said in an

interview from Jerusalem

before he left for South

Africa: "I'm looking forward

to seeing the country and I

hope to persuade some good

people to join us in Israel:"

i The latest recruiting drive

follows a bid by the Israeli;

Government in August last'

year to encourage' the emigration, of South KAfrican,

'jews to Israel. ;•< T:- .'-

' While the Israeli Governiment sets about preparing

' jobs and houses for prospective' South African emigrants, Prime Minister Shimon Peres is reported to

< have told Immigration Minister Mr Ya'acov Tzur to recruit more South African

his visit as an extension of the

continuing immigration

drive. : J

He also said he hoped to

see emigration from South

I Africa to Israel double this

year. </'

He arrived in Johannesburg on Friday with Mr Noah

'Kupperman. "

,

;

After spending a week in

. African Johannesburg, the two civil,

Jews «as they are a decent ^"ts will ivisit CapeK brand of people, straightfor- ^Towni-pretoria. Port Eliza-v

'"ward and efficient". - ••*... •*--*.-»---i-ii and —J Dur- r».,« '-PCwlf .dew«'.

""'• Mr ;Tzur visited South.s^toani .':' •''. • ,-• vyi v ^

S Africa' in April. , He an-» :Mr -Rabinowitz:said: "Wei!

;nounced then that Israel's %^re searchingfor young ac-;

'/kibbutz organisation and the;;^untenta who have either

«South African Zionist CouncUfW finished their university

•had set up a joint, task-.force«» training or have been work»,

*to attract South African Jews^i fa {or.a short while,". ^ t. i

r

i

•'> toIsraeL' .- ' a-\ .- ' &>< '*?: - •- ,- .(---,.> •.v ... tv;

h

i£

"Mr'Rabinowitz-described^1/V^.TflCkle • _\&|

I "Whether the applicants

<are married orsingle is Irrelevant. jThey will be assisted

With moving costs, and housing will be provided in Israel.

» Salaries will be about US$700

t;(Rl 700) a month."

I-•' ' • Against the ^background

|of a floundering economy and

{(continuing unrest, many tot-;

international firms seeking

''Specialised workers have had.

bo trouble in.'> persuading;

| highly skilled worke«: to;

Peave South Africa. ',;;: '■■%

i -According to figures re*,

: leased by the Department of;

| Statistics, the flow of people

I coming to this country has;

^dwindled to a trickle, with

f dnly 634 immigrants arriving

in the year ending March

Emigration is up 40 per-

, cent, with 1316 leaving each

: month compared with 942 a

[month in the previousjrear.

/9274

CSO: 3400/357

59
SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY WARNS KAUNDA, MUGABE ON SANCTIONS

MB040915 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 4 Aug 86

[Station Commentary: "Sanctions Warning to Frontline States"]

[Text] The British Government's warning to black Frontline states that they

could not expect any help in the event of retaliation by South Africa to

sanctions should have a sobering effect on the whole sanctions issue. The

warning came soon after Prime Minister Mrs Margaret Thatcher won support from

her cabinet for her staunch opposition to sanctions against South Africa.

Foreign Office Minister of State Baroness Young warned such countries as

Zambia and Zimbabwe that they should not expect British economic aid if the

South African Government passed on the effects of sanctions. Both countries

have been in the forefront of calls for international sanctions against South

Africa.

What Britain in effect has now done is call their bluff. Other southern

African states have voiced their opposition to sanctions against South Africa

because of the disastrous effect this would have on their own economies. By

contrast President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia and Prime Minister Robert Mugabe of

Zimbabwe have brazenly continued to appeal for economic sanctions. There are

those who believe that this is simply an act of bravado on their part and that

they privately hope that sanctions will not be imposed.

Dr Kaunda and Mr Mugabe certainly have every reason to hope that sanctions are

not imposed on South Africa. The fact is that South Africa is the main trading

partner of both countries and even more important, as landlocked countries,

they are both almost entirely dependent on South Africa's rail and harbor

infrastructure.

The monthly magazine AFRICAN BUSINESS points out that 90 percent of Zimbabwe's

imports and exports is routed through South Africa. As a result all major

exporters, many import-relying companies, the [word indistinct] sector, and

field supplies would suffer. Much the same applies to Zambia.

Businessmen have pointed out that if the effects of sanctions are passed on by

South Africa to hostile neighboring states, some farms, factories, and mines in

Zambia and Zimbabwe will be forced to close. Inflation will soar, commodities

60
will become scarcer, unemployment will increase dramatically, and a cumulative

effect of the economies of the two countries will be nothing short of

disastrous.

The leaders of these two countries will have no one but themselves to blame

if the chickens they have been publicly feeding come home to roost.

/9716

CSO: 3400/375

61
SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY SAYS KAUNDA, MUGABE TO BLAME FOR HARDSHIPS

MB061003 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 6 Aug 86

[Station Commentary: "Sanctions and Southern Africa"]

[Text] South Africa is recognised as the economic hub of the southern African

subcontinent, and just as it is impossible to bring about effective economic

development in the region without South Africa playing a major role, so too is

it impossible to harm South Africa without causing far more serious damage to

its neighbors. This is the inescapable fact which the Western nations are ignoring in their obsession to impose sanctions against South Africa, and the

one with which South Africa's neighbors are going to have to live. One thing

is certain, economic sanctions, whatever their form or degree, will be imposed

against South Africa.

The Western nations have not been alone in their clamor for sanctions. Very

much in the forefront are two southern African leaders, President Kenneth

Kaunda of Zambia and Prime Minister Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe. Theirs is a

curious position. On the one hand, the economies of their landlocked countries

will be grieviously affected by sanctions, and on the other hand they have been

warned by both Britain and the United States that they would not expect aid if

Pretoria retaliates.

From South Africa's point of view, it will not be so much a question of retaliation, but one of survival. Naturally, its own interests must come first. South

Africa's minister of manpower, Mr Piet du plessis, has stressed the government's view that repatriation of foreign black workers estimated at 1.5 million

would probably be unavoidable when sanctions become a reality. This would be

totally in line with the policies of other countries which have substantially

reduced the number of foreign workers during times of domestic unemployment.

This will lead not only to a loss of revenue for numerous states in the region,

but it will further exacerbate their own unemployment situation.

The people of Zambia and Zimbabwe in particular need to be very clear about the

fact that\ their political leaders will be largely to blame for added hardships

that will result from economic sanctions against South Africa.

/9716

CSO: 3400/375

62

f
SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY DISMISSES MUGABE CLAIM OF ROLE MODEL

MB080826 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 8 Aug 86

[Station Commentary: "Zimbabwe and South Africa"]

[Text] Only those who are ignorant of Africa's post independence history

will be able to take seriously the view expressed by Zimbabwean Prime Minister

Mr Robert Mugabe that his country is South Africa's model for the future. He

made the point at a news conference this week in London where he has been at

the forefront in arranging for sanctions against South Africa in the hope of

forcing a change of government. Far from being a model for South Africa,

Zimbabwe is moving exactly in the opposite political direction to South Africa.

Following the lead of numerous black African states, Mr Mugabe has been conducting a reign of terror against his tribal enemy and moving his country

towards a one-party state and what he had described as the (?fulfillment) of

the socialist revolution.

He and his government have been very touchy on the subject of tribalism in

Zimbabwe. They have gone to great (?pains) to make believe that it is not a

factor in the political and social scheme of things. Ethnic differences in

the party are now said to be reaching a crescendo and are becoming publicly

evident for the first time since 1960 defying Mr Mugabe's efforts to present a

united face to the world. Polarization is reported to be increasing since the

dismissal from Mr Mugabe's politburo of the minister of transport, Mr Herbert

Ushewokunze, after investigation of corruption in the railways. Mr

Ushewokunze belonged to one of the five sub-groups of the Shona tribe. He

claimed that one of the other sub-groups was conspiring to murder him because

he stood in the way of their taking over the party and the government.

The minority tribe in Zimbabwe, the Ndebele, is also divided into sub-groups

and does not represent a united nation. Repression of this minority, led by

Mr Joshua fökomo also leaves Mr Mugabe much to answer for.

In direct contrast to the ^developments in Zimbabwe, the South African Government has chosen a process of political reform in which democracy is being

extended to properly accommodate ethnic differences in the country.

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63
SOUTH AFRICA

EFFECTS OF SANCTIONS DISCUSSED ON 'NETWORK' PROGRAM

MB061222 Johannesburg Television Service in English 1920 GMT 5 Aug 86

[Discussion with Arthur Hammond-Tooke, chief economist of the Federated

Chamber of Industries; Wim Holtes, executive director of the South African

Foreign Trade Organization and Michael Christie, general manager of the South

African Foundation, in Johannesburg, moderated by Jerry Schuitema on the

"Network" program introduced by Michelle Alexander—live]

[Text] [Alexander] What will the South African economy look like under

sanctions if they are imposed. To discuss this and related matters, Jerry

Schuitema of our economics desk invited specialists to the studio.

[Schuitema] Gentlemen, good evening. One thing one has found in all of the

debate on sanctions that has been going on in South Africa is total confusion

over the effect [of sanctions]. Possibly this is first of all because of the

hypothesis one has to make about what exactly will sanctions do to the extent

that they can be implemented. But even then, if they are implementable, then

in that case of what will be the effect. Arthur, perhaps we can go to you

first. From your perspective, what would be the effects of sanctions in their

present form and possibly even a worst case scenario.

[Hammond-Tooke] Yes, Jerry, we are very effectively in the sanctions situation

and we ha^e to look at the worst-case scenario and prepare for it. We

believe, I think, that sanctions may be introduced in two [word indisctinct],

the first [word indistinct] is in one sense a warning shot across our bows,

but in fact it is a pretty major package of sanctions which will have a direct

effect on our ability to maintain markets. It will also have a direct effect

on business confidence. But sanctions are being applied in graduated steps.

We expect that the second [word indistinct] will be, may be, at the beginning

of 1988 and this will give our economy some time to adapt and for us to take

the kind of steps needed to1ensure that the effect of sanctions is not too

serious.

[Schuitema] Wim, from your perspective?

[Holtes] Hes, I can probably just link up with what Arthur said about the

first [word indistinct]. I think we had already a number of sanctions,

implementation, threats, whatever they are, and the remarkable effect was that

last year when all these discussions about sanctions were going on in the

64
United States and also on this side we had a record export year. We had a

growth in exports of nearly 50 percent in 1 year to about 36 billion

[currency not specified] which was a totally unexpected development. It was

also linked to our weak rand, but nevertheless we saw a spread into many countries, many more markets, and it looked as if business opportunity, perhaps,

got a bit of a jolt, reacted to the threat in a very positive manner. They

went out and turned the problem into an opportunity, and I think that is the

thread that perhaps runs through the current story.

[Hammond-Tooke] Could I come in on that Jerry, and say that the first effect

of sanctions is likely to give a surge in output and production and we have

been talking about a walking-stick curve, that the initial fact will be beneficial while import substitution opportunities are followed up, but after that

the debits come in and inflationary problems, shortages, start dragging down

the growth rate of the economy 2 or 3 years down the road.

[Schuitema] So one is looking at a possible boom or bust situation but

possibly boom first then bust later. Perhaps, Michael, could we look at from

the lobbying side, from the Foundation's perspective? Politically, does it

change what is happening now, the entire perspective that we have in terms of

lobbying abroad?

[Christie] No, clearly, businessmen, while they have not been unaware .of the

likelihood of sanctions and have been preparing for it to a very large extent,

they nevertheless wholeheartedly oppose sanctions. Whatever their political

convictions may be about what is taking place in this country they certainly

oppose sanctions as a measure to come to terms with these problems here. And,

therefore, we are going to continue wherever possible to try to tell the rest

of the world at least that since many of the fundamental problems that have

arisen in this country have arisen out of the isolation over decades of our own

political leadership, that to increase that isolation is surely a bizarre solution to the problem.

[Schuitema] But if you haven't been successful up to now, one could in fact

say that you have probably failed because the insanity of the voice of sanction

seems to have overriden every bit of logic, economic or otherwise, that could

have been applied?

[Christie] It is very difficult to predict these things, but I think that one

thing that one has to bear in mind when you take the leaders of at least three

of the most powerful countries in the world have resisted down the line the

imposition of these sanctions. What we may see is that the world is going

through a current state of hysteria about the sanctions issue and perhaps

further down the line, when they have expiated some of this in the first [word

indistinct] of sanctions and, provided there is an appopriate response from

within South Africa itself there is no doubt in my mind that if the response is

appropriate that those people like President Reagan, Mrs Thatcher, and others

and many others are going to be able to resist further measures down the line,

but the entire thing is the response from within South Africa.

[Schuitema] Well, let's look at some of the internal responses economically,

Arthur. You did mention the possibility of import replacement and so on

65
leading up to a short-term type of boom, but surely there is a lot more we

could be doing. One thinks of GATT, for instance, the General Agreement on

Tariffs and Trade. Are we not stuck here with a situation where, internationally, we can actually take legal action?

[Hammond-Tooke] Oh yes, that is true, but it is limited, the extent to which

one can call in organizations like the GATT to stand for us. For instance, if

we had chapter 7 UN mandatory sanctions against South Africa, then it would

not be possible for the GATT to intervene at all. The GATT is an organization

which looks after the rules of fair trade. It is not involved and can't become

involved in political matters. Of course the GATT is there for technical

issues.

tSchuitema] Yes, but in this particular case, I mean, one is looking at fair

trade being interfered with by politics in a sense. One is still saying that

fair trade does not apply.

[Hammond-Tooke] The GATT is largely powerless to intervene in that particular

dividing line.

[Schuitema] But if it can be proved that in fact GATT or if it can be proved

that in fact a lot of the lobbying or the sanctions debate actually does rest

on a self-protection kind of basis...[changes thought] Australia could be a

good example, where she wants South Africa out of particular markets.

[Hammond-Tooke] Indeed. Where there is a commercial case and it appears that

the reasons are due to a restraint on trade, a case can be made out as with the

very successful case where the South African Government took the Canadian Government to the GATT on Krugerrand sales. Clearly the GATT is a very useful medium,

but it is very limited to the extent to which recourse can be taken to the GATT.

[Schuitema] Wim, if we could look at other measures. One has already seen the

exchange rate, and I think earlier you were talking about the export boom we

have had despite the talk of sanctions. But that was accompanied, I think, with

a reasonable decline in the exchange rate which helped us. Now, if we look at

that again, are you sure that exporters, in fact, have been securing enough in

their markets instead of making windfall profits and perhaps we can look at the

coal mines as good example, that they kept their dollar price virtually constant, and now they have lost markets, whereas if they dropped their price they

would have perhaps had a virtually unassailable position.

[Holtes] Well they have dropped their prices. There is no doubt. In Europe

there has been a tremendous overhang of the market of the 3 million tons that

we couldn't sell or we will not be able to sell in the future in Denmark.

France has cut its tonnage by about 3 million so there is that overhang together with the decline in oil prices that has made it extremely difficult to

move in that area. And then South Africa was the only supplier in Europe that

really could survive these decrease in prices. So we have done reasonably well

under those circumstances, but I think to move away from perhaps the foreign

exchange field we should move perhaps in a more imaginative foreign trade

policy. We must look for more [word indistinct] to bilateral relations perhaps

not through trade agreements but we have suggested counter trade fword

66
indistinct] where we specifically link your imports to exports [word indistinct]

you use your import leverage. That has been done very effectively years ago by

Korea where the import-export swap was compulsory. We even see countries such

as Canada, Sweden, Australia certainly, working on the principle that if you

want to sell us something you got to show us what you can do for us in the

development of our exports. And I think this is an area where GATT hasn't got

a specific restrictive attitude. They would allow us to explore it to the full.

[Schuitema] So we are looking at opportunities. Arthur, from an industry point

of view, could we perhaps just put the ball finally in your court then. Can we

look at massive import replacements schemes and, in fact, a tremendous rushing

around of search for opportunities to increase our exports in the present

climate?

[Hammond-Tooke] Yes indeed, we will have to. I think the important thing to

realise is that sanctions really places a tremendous burden on the economy and

we must simply rise to that challenge extremely imaginatively, not only on the

foreign trade side. We will have to... [changes thought] all manufacturers

will have to turn to alternative sources of supply, turn to each other to see

what they can make to replace imports where these are at all possible as the

sanctions situation escalates over time. But I must add^ that that is not

enough. We will have to compensate for the lowering of the growth potential by

generating other sources of growth within the society and there are two which

come immediately to mind. The first is that we will have to follow a program

of privatization and deregulation. This is....

[Schuitema, interrupting] Arthur, I am sorry, I think you have ended up

on two very important points. Thank you very much, gentlemen. Good night,

thank you. i ,

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67
SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY ASSESSES NEED TO MEET SANCTIONS CHALLENGE

MB110521 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 11 Aug 86

[Text] Now that sanctions are a fait accompli commentators and spokesman for

commerce and industry in South Africa are getting down to the business of how

the country should best respond. And they are giving the prophets of doom,

those who automatically associate sanctions with disaster, something to think

about. It is a healthy sign. South Africa had been faced with an indivious

choice, which, finally, could not be avoided. On one hand it could capitulate

to the ever-escalating demands of radicals and outsiders, demands which Prime

Minister Robert Mugabe openly boasts would require the country to follow the

same route as Zimbabwe. That is, the country could surrender to the pressure

that would destroy the very democratic goals—stability, free political organization and respect for individual rights—which its critics claim to espouse.

On the other hand, it could choose to face up to sanctions—the consequence of

a refusal to surrender.

Confronted with a choice between self-destruction and sanctions, the South

African response was inevitable. And if it demanded a price, that would have

to be paid. What is necessary now, however, is to move from the endless

speculating about what the price might be to actively exploiting the challenges the situation presents. After all, the answer to the speculations is

going to depend in the first place on South Africans themselves. Some of what

can be done has already been pointed out by the authorities abroad who have

drawn attention to the advantages of import substitution and commented that in

any event sanctions will "leak like a sieve."

Locally, businessmen and others are already looking at the practical implications. Although he believes that the costs are going to be higher than the

benefits Mr John Wilson, president of the Federated Chamber of Industries,

expects sanctions to lead to higher productivity and more job opportunities.

Inflation will also decline, he says, since imports make up a high proportion

of the present high inflation rate. Mr Christie Kuhn, president of the

Afrikaanse Handelsinstituut [Afrikaans Trade Institute], says enforced import

substitution may be just what South Africa needs to uncover its latent

potential.

And Mr Raymond Parsons of Assocom [Association of Chamber of Commerce] foresees new problems but also new opportunities for the business community.

68
BUSINESS DAY states in an editorial that eliminating competition from South

African commodities like coal is bound to lead to higher world prices.

Prices offered by an increasingly efficient industry in South Africa will

make the local goods more and more attractive to sanctions busters. Highlighting another aspect Martin Spring points out in THE STAR that three of

the four great surges in South Africa's industrial development were also

associated with being cut off from traditional suppliers. They were the two

world wars and the arms embargo of the sixties. South Africans are not

going to give in meekly to the sanctions blackmail. Adversaries must expect

the same determination, ingenuity and endurance with which they have responded

to great challenges in the past.

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69
SOUTH AFRICA

ENGLISH PRESS UNITES TO FIGHT EMERGENCY

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 30 Jul 86 p 1

[Article by Claire Robertson]

[Text ] The English newspaper groups in South Africa have joined forces to challenge emergency regulations affecting newspapers.'

An application is to be brought before a Full

Bench of the Natal Supreme Court in Marltzburg

on August 11, by the Argus Printing and Publishing Company Ltd, South African Associated

Newspapers Ltd, Natal Newspapers (Pty) Ltd and

Natal Witness (Pty) Ltd.

The State President, the South African Government, the Minister of Law and Order and the

Commissioner of Police have been named as rer

spondents.

Six regulations — numbers seven to 12 — are to

be attacked, and police orders issued in terms of

regulation 7 — will also be challenged.

The state of emergency was declared in terms

of the Public Safety Act of 1953. In many instancesthe emergency regulations affecting newspapers are so "unreasonable, unjust and unduly oppressive", counsel will argue, that they could not

have been the intention of the legislature when

'the Act was passed In 1953.

Counsel for the applicants will further argue

that, in'many cases, the regulations are ultra

vires, or exceed the power or authority conferred

upon the State President by that Act.

Regulation 7(1) — empowering the'Commissioner of Police or any person authorised by him

to issue orders in line with the emergency regulai tions -' will be attacked on this basis, and it will

be argued that if it is ultra vires, so also are the

orders issued by police in terms ;of that regula

tion.;.' •'•'''

:; "''' ■■• '*''' !..-...

Subversive statements

' Regulation 10, which concerns "subversive

statements", Will be attacked on,the basis that it

1 exceeds the State President's powers in terms of

the Act, that it is unreasonable, and "manifestly

unjust in its scope, and unduly oppressive" by prohibiting activities which would otherwise be

/8309

CSO: 3400/384a

perfectly lawful. " ;

' This last argument will also :

be used to challenge the regulation which prohibits publishing

photographs.

Regulation 9 "attempts to detail a range of activities which

would otherwise be perfectly

lawful", counsel will argue.

Regulations 11 and 12* deal

with the seizure or banning of

publications.

: It is claimed that regulation

!ll unlawfully vests a "subjective discretion" in the person

making the seizure.

< Regulation 12 effectively

makes it possible for a newspaper to be banned, i

The State President does not

have the power to confer this

subjective discretion on the

Minister, counsel for the newspapers will argue.

70
SOUTH AFRICA

SUZMAN, OTHERS CRITICIZE GOVERNMENT, EMERGENCY

MB051432 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1428 GMT 5 Aug 86

[Text] Johannesburg, Aug 5, SAPA—South Africa was faced with a long period

of confrontation and a weakening economy as "our defying" government was not

prepared to change its policies or to resign, said Mrs Helen Suzman, PFP MP for

Houghton, addressing a public meeting in the Johannesburg City Hall today.

Mrs Suzman told the about 1000 people attending the meeting, that "liberation

is not around the corner" and that the "whites put the government in power and

it was up to the whites to get them out of power."

She added that if enough whites "realised that it was not the drought, locusts,

communists or the total onslaught" that had led this country into this

"disastrous" situation, but the National Party Government and its policies of

apartheid, they could then strive to replace "this rotten government" with a

post-apartheid, non-racial and democratic government.

Mrs Suzman said she believed that many of the people attending the meeting

thought that sanctions were necessary, but she did not support the call for

sanctions.

She believed that we were now faced with the situation of intractable blacks

and an intractable government. "The government is prepared to defy the world"

in its call for sanctions and disinvestment.

Mrs Suzman said the government "had a gift for mistiming everything" as they

announced reforms at a time when they were not met positively by blacks or

abroad—for example by extending the period of detentions and declaring

unrest areas under the Public Safety Act.

Also, instead of accepting the Eminent Persons Group [EPG] and the British

Foreign Secretary, Sir Geoffrey Howe's calls for the [un]banning of the ANC,

the lifting of the state of emergency, the freeing of detainees and the releasing of Nelson Mandela and creating a climate for negotiation—the government

raids its neighbours while the EPG are in the country and Sir Geoffrey Howe

"got the finger," she said.

Mrs Suzman stated that she had recently visited Nelson Mandela in prison

and "believes this man is the last hope for peaceful negotiations."

71
"I firmly believe this is not a man of violence, not a communist but an old

time African nationalist who could bring the different factions in this country together."

Dr Ntatho Motlana, who has long been involved with the Soweto Civic Association and political affairs in this country, told the meeting he was "painfully

aware of the level of ignorance about what is happening in our country,

particularly in that ghetto (Soweto) I work."

He added that he had been asked to describe the situation in Soweto, but had

consulted his legal advisers prior to the meeting on "the right to know", they

suggested that he did not deliver his "blistering attack" against the government or to disclose what was happening in "the ghetto."

He added that he had come to protest against the fact that he was not permitted to utter that protest that we are denied "in the name of law and order

from knowing."

Mr Tony Heard, controversial editor of the CAPE TIMES, said in the last century

a battle against the colonial government of the time was now to publish

newspapers and "ironically, in the 1980's newspapers are faced with the same

battle against a modern equivalent of the colonial government—which happens

to be in the Union Buildings."

"We are not a banana republic country but a big country which has made its

impact on the world," suggested Mr Heard.

He added that this country was now faced with its third state of emergency and

"it is the worst."

Mr Heard said it was not just a drastic "three day wonder" imposed by the

government to deal with its "sensationally expressed fears" of massive Soweto

Day actions, but that it was already two months old and there was no sign of

it falling away.

He added that severe restrictions had been imposed on the media and the public

were only entitled to know that "official story which cannot be tested" given

to us by the government, he suggested that "it is very comforting for those members of the public with an ostrich mentality" who do not have to grasp and deal

with more than one version at a given time.

"I can confirm that we have pretty much no idea what is happening in the townships —but are given "patchy, unsatisfactory, if it exists at all"—information

about the township.

Mr Heard said the recent challenges in courts regarding the emergency regulations and the inept wording of these regulations, "was a very serious

reflection" on those who "shabbily" drafted these laws. He suggested that the

press were playing "Russian roulette" and the penalties were extensive.

72
"It cannot be said that we have a free press in this country as the government has the absolute power to suppress newspapers."

He added that it was the media's duty to inform the public about what they

"had a right to know."

"The press is an institution of its own and not an arm of any government in

the past, present or future of this country," said Mr Heard.

People attending the meeting were asked to show their support of the "coalition

for the right to know", stating that "there can be no peace and there can be

no justice while the present denial of civil liberties continues and while the

South African Government perseveres in its determination to impose a political

order based on racial classification upon the people of this country who

have clearly demonstrated their rejection of a system of government founded on

race and ethnic separation."

Unanimous support was shown by people raising their arms.

/9716

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73
SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY CALLS FOR ELECTED NATIONAL CONSTITUTIONAL COMMITTEE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Aug 86 p 10

[Article by N. C. H. Ferrandi]

[Text] The events of the past few weeks j

have shown that the Government

has lost almost all (if not all) the

support that it enjoyed"from

coloureds, Indians and blacks. :'

It is thus representative of

probably less than 15 percent Of

South Africa's population and, as Dr

Van Zyl Slabbert maintained,

Parliament has become irrelevant

in the determination of South

Africa's future. (I did not agree with

him at the time, but I now believe

him to have been right.)

The last vestige of hope for a

peaceful, prosperous aad just

society in South Africa is that the

National Council (invited and

appointed by the Government and

State President) should recommend

th« formation of a National

Constitutional Committee elected as

detailed below.

For such a committee to be

acceptable to the majority of South

Africans it should include

representatives of all political

groups or parties which enjoy the

support of a substantial number of

South African citizens.

Poltical group ,. .:te, .v..~-

Each registered political party, or

any political group, that can show

that it has the support of say at

least 3 000 South Africa citizens

should be invited to submit:

•Its idea of what the constitution

of South Africa should be in 1991 (or

1992). This must be in simple, easy

to follow language (avoiding jargon,

eg consociation, tricameral) and in

not more than 1500 to 2 000 words.

•Its proposed programme of the '

steps to be taken to achieve its ideal

constitution (in not more than 800

words). -;»''• - .^■■■••> '

• The names of 25 proposed

members of the National

Constitutional Committee which

would comprise (say) 50 members.

This first step could, of course,

never be achieved while political

parties are banned and leaders

imprisoned. - \

The present Government is not

prepared to unban the-ANC and

release its imprisoned leader

without a guarantee that the ANC

will agree to a moratorium on

violence — at least until after the

implementatipn of the new

constitution.

It is highly likely that the ANC;

leadership does not have sufficient*

control over its supporters in South

Africa to be able to give such a.

guarantee and would, therefore, lose

credibility if it did. /vfv

Many advantages

Such pettiness must be swept

aside in the interests of a future

. prosperous and peaceful nation

enjoying all the many advantages

that our country has to offer to all

its people.

The proposed plans should be

widely' distributed and well

publicised throughout South Africa

during the remainder of this year.

Furthermore, it should be

possible for groups proposing

similar plans to get together before

some given date early next year so

that they can withdraw their

74
original proposals and re-submit a

revised common plan.

The next step should be that all

persons completing an income tax

return in 1987 should be given an

opportunity to submit, with their

income tax form, a completed

voting slip.

This would include a maximum of

(say) three votes for the

constitutional plans. The votes may

all be given to one plan, or

distributed over two or three plans.

Furthermore, the voting slip

would include the names of all

persons proposed for the National

Constitutional Committee and the

taxpayer would be allowed to vote

for up to (say) 10 of them.

Income tax authorities would be

required to ensure that each tax

return contained not more than two

(in the case of a married couple)

voting forms.

The tax authorities would then

forward the forms to a panel of

reliable scrutineers (eg retired

judges, senior clerics, etc) who

would announce the names of the

National Constitutional Committee

and make recommendations to the

members on the results of the

voting on the proposed plans.

The National Constitutional

Committee would elect its own

chairman. All members would

withdraw from other political

activities and concentrate on

producing two (or, at most, three)

constitutional plans acceptable to a

substantial number of voters.

Various results

It is not feasible to try to consider

all the various possible results of

such a vote.

Suppose, however, that "Plan A"

had the support of more than

40 percent of the voters and there

were four other plans enjoying

more than 10 percent but less than

15 percent of the votes.

The task of the committee would

then be to submit two plans to be

tested by referendum. One plan

would contain all the proposals of

"Plan A", plus possibly those of

other well-supported plans which fit

in with "Plan A". The second plan

would contain elements of the

remaining plans which conflict with

Plan "A",

These two plans would then be

the subject of a referendum. All

South African citizens (who can

produce identity documents which

would be suitably stamped after

voting — to avoid duplicate votes)

would be entitled to take part.

Each citizen has one vote — he

(or she) can vote for either one bf

the two plans, or neither.

If either of the two plans gets

more than 50 percent of the votes it

will automatically be implemented.

If neither plan gains a substantial

vote (say more than 30 percent

reject both), then it will be the task

of the Constitutional Committee to

identify the leaders of the plans and

try to get them to agree to a

\combined third plan which might be

\the subject of another referendum.

Free election "

! *

Such a course for determining the

future of our country should be

acceptable to at least 90 percent of

citizens and would certainly be

internationally acceptable.

I have friends who are highly

intelligent and well-informed and

who firmly believe that a

completely free election (one

person, one vote) would result in a

70 to 80 percent vote in favour of the

ANC.

(Hirers believe that such an

election would show a similar result

in favour of the State President's

policy. I don't know. I don't believe

anyone knows.

Only some form of referendum

along the lines of the above will

determine the opinion of the

majority of South Africans.

It has the advantage of being

completely confidential and it

should be possible to limit

intimidation.

The only persons who might feel

deprived are those South African

citizens who do not complete

income tax returns.

/9274

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75
SOUTH AFRICA

URBAN FOUNDATION HEAD DISCUSSES REFORM

MB061417 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1408 GMT 6 Aug 86

[Text] Johannesburg, Aug 8, SAPA—The Urban Foundation chose rapid purposeful reform rather than a violent revolutionary approach to bring about peace,

Mr Jan Steyn, the organisation's executive chairman, said today.

The Urban Foundation believed reform was the only way to achieve real and

lasting peace, Mr Steyn said in his address to the annual general meeting of

the Foundation in Johannesburg.

"This organisation is very clear as to where it stands and why," Mr Steyn said.

"We believe that rapid, purposeful reform is the only way that this society

will achieve the kind of transformation necessary to restore real and lasting

peace in our country."

Among the reasons for that conclusion were that the weight of the evidence was

that the likelihood of guerrilla warfare or mass revolution succeeding in

overthrowing the present government was extremely low.

Also, Mr Steyn said: "On the grounds of feasibility, violent revolution is

not likely to achieve fundamental change in South Africa—certainly not in the

foreseeable future.

"There can be no doubt that a revolutionary strategy in South Africa must

result in an enormous loss of life and this, coupled with the inevitable

destruction entailed by revolution, should weigh very heavily in any assessment."

The economic consequences of revolution were almost always disastrous due to

the destruction of infrastructure and the desruption of socio-economic services, Mr Steyn said.

A race war would destroy any prospect of racial harmony for generations,

Mr Steyn said.

"Whilst institutionalised discriminiation has exacted a heavy toll and has

impacted negatively on race relations, a race war of the magnitude revolutionary action requires, will destroy any prospect of racial harmony for generations to come." \

76
"The very high cost of revolutionary action: the devastating toll in human

life: the collapse of the national and regional economy and its effect on

the quality of life of millions of South Africans: the bitter racial nature

of such an event in South Africa—all these must be weighed against the

extremely uncertain benefits of such a course of action whose success and

potential outcome are both unknown.

He quoted the sociologiest, Mr Peter Berger, who said: "most political

decisions must be made on the basis of inadequate knowledge.

"To understand this is to act very gingerly towards policy options that exact

high human costs."

Fundamental reform could have transformative consequences as great as those

of any bloody revolution but without the appalling cost or the incalculable

risk, said Mr Steyn.

"Moreover, if accompanied by developmental activity seen to deliver products

which dynamically affect the lives of people through participatory

projects and programmes, the process can demonstrate the integrity of its

purpose and thus sustain its momentum."

The Urban Foundation totally rejected the idea that "the end justifies the

means."

"Rather we would argue a contrary position: Sound means contribute to good

ends," Mr Steyn told ninth AGM [Annual General Meeting] of the organisation.

The way in which people conducted their lives, engaged in political activity

and establish inter-racial allegiances now, would form an integral part of

the kind of society towards which we were moving, he said.

He argued that rapid but organised reform was infinitely preferable to

change through revolutionary violence, and was more likely to succeed.

"Reform as a process can successfully transform our society and establish

a more just and lasting peace," Mr Steyn said.

Developmental activity based on sound principles, especially a high level of

community participation, was an important ingredient of any successful change

initiative.

"Housing, education, training, access to economic opportunities, vigorous

programmes directed at ensuring upward mobility for black employees all offer

real opportunities for investments in the future of our country."

Mr Steyn stated the government had committed itself to a process of reform

that resulted in a number of "very real changes in the laws in terms of

which we are governed."

77
Three significant changes happened in the last three months.

Influx control was repealed, full property rights were granted in urban

areas to blacks, and South African citizenship would be regained by some

who had been de-nationalised.

Regrettably, he added, these events were overshadowed by mounting economic

recession, intensified political violence culminating in the resumption of

a state of emergency on the 12th of June, growing international pressure and

resurgent extreme right-wing reaction.

He asked: "What is the way forward?"

Analysis of the current situation compelled the conclusion that "continued

curtailment of civil rights and liberties is not the answer to the endemic

violence in South Africa.

"In fact, greater legitimising of political activity and the fostering of the

development of black political leadership is necessary for a negotiated

resolution of our problems.

"It follows that the continued detention of black leadership without access

to the courts is counter-productive and must be condemned," Mr Steyn said.

One of the fundamental flaws was institutionalised discrimination itself.

There was an urgent need for black leadership to articulate its commitment

to negotiated future based on fundamental values of a Western democracy.

The second requirement for a successful reform strategy was an alternative

vision of the society to which we are moving.

The abolitionist coinage of which abolition of influx control and legislation creating uniform identity documentation for all South Africans spokes,

was deflated by the manner in which the restoration of citizenship to the

inhabitants of TBVC territories has been ordered and implemented.

"The Impact of the abolition of the Mixed Marriages Act, as a step forward

as it was, is crudely diminished by the prosecution of married couples of

mixed race for contravention of the Group Areas Act."

The third requirement for successful reform was a sound strategy by which to

achieve the transformed society.

There was an urgent need for the design of a new and dynamic strategy of

change.

A flexible time frame was also necessary.

The fourth requirement related to security, or to how change was controlled.

78
The Urban Foundation taught Mr Steyn it was possible for people, whatever

language, culture, race or color, to be mobilised on community issues.

The issue surrounded the development of community interests, instead of

differences to promote sectional issues.

He called for a dramatic effort to stimulate community interests.

"The future stability of South Africa, to a great deal, depends on this."

"We must accept that as long as discriminatory legislation is now negotiable,

meaningful discussion is impossible."

Mr Steyn stressed the importance of the development of alliances between

South Africans who shared a common value system, albeit they belonged to different races.

"The formation of the Private Sector Council is one of those alliances that

have coalesced around a common goal and which proves the validity of this

approach; Mr Steyn said.

"It is through this council, composed as it is of a wide range of South

Africans,rblack and white, that a contribution could be made to the abolition

of 34 statutes which curtailed the freedom of movement of black people."

"Nobody can with integrity impugn the steps that have taken place in the

area of citizenship, the granting of property rights and the abolition of

influx control as cosmetic or meaningless."

Challenges were enormous and the opportunities substantial.

"If employed appropriately, the R750 million allocated for low cost housing

could be the first facet of a multiple package of developmental activity

impacting profoundly upon job creation, skills development and the provision

of shelter."

"My plea to South Africans would be for the many millions of us who occupy

the exciting and challenging middle ground in this country, to make a renewed commitment to participate in every aspect of the process of peaceful

change which accords with the principles I have outlined.

"We can create a new South Africa of real stature and significance on the

common value base which the overwhelming majority of South Africans share

and cherish.

"It is indeed, both in policy and developmental terms, a time for building,"

Mr Steyn concluded.

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79
SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY EVALUATES PROGRESS OF POLITICAL REFORM

MB050927 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 5 Aug 86

[Station Commentary: "Political Reform in South Africa"]

[Text] South Africa's process of political and social reform, its scrapping

of the Westminister system of government, and its movement towards a more

equitable constitutional dispensation has received justification from an

unexpected source.

It will be safe to say that this was not the intention of Dr David Owen,

former foreign secretary in the British Labor Party Government and now leader

of the Social Democratic Party. But the argument contained in his book A

UNITED KINGDOM has this effect. In his book he laments the fact that Britain

is a nation in economic and social decline. He ascribes this to political mismanagement brought about by a flawed political system. The present polarization of British politics between extreme left and right, he says, is the

inevitable outcome of a two-party political system that encourages confrontation rather than compromise.

This is precisely the thinking which led South Africa in January 1984 to the

end of an era of parliamentary representation in terms of the British Westminister system. In 1910 South Africa inherited the British dispensation,

which proved to be totally unsuitable for coping with the country's unique

population mix of whites, people of mixed descent, Asians and 10 different

black nations. South Africa no longer has an all-white parliament. For the

past 2 years it has had a three-chamber parliament for whites, coloreds, and

Asians, and the final move in the quest for parliamentary representation for

all South Africa's people, bringing the black nations into the political

mainstream has now to be negotiated.

The unrest and violence in the country over the past 2 years has been instigated and perpetrated by radical elements opposed to this process of evolutionary reform. However, they will not be allowed to succeed in their revolutionary ideas. The irony is that this broadening of democracy in South

Africa is happening at a time when democracy in the rest of the continent is

being smothered.

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80
TWENTY-THREE PERCENT URBAN WHITES BACK TALKS WITH ANC

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 30 Jul 86 p 5

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text] TWENTY-THREE percent of urban whites

support unconditional

South African government negotiation with

the African National

Congress, regardless of

whether or not the

banned organization renounces violence.

According to a Markinor Gallup Poll, conducted among 1 000

white South Africans in

the major urban areas in

May, respondents were

asked two questions.

The poll said:

"There has been a lot

of talk recently whether,

or not the government

should negotiate withi

the ANC. Here are two1

opinions; which comes

closest to your own?

• "The government

should not negotiate

with the ANC as long as

the ANC supports violcncG."

• "Even though the

ANC supports violence,

the government should

negotiate with the organization because it is

backed by many blacks

and is thus the true

leader of the blacks."

According to a Markinor statement, "the attitudes revealed by the

Markinor Gallup Poll

are in line with — but

more strong-handed —

than the findings of a

recent Institute of International Affairs (IIA)

study conducted by Professor Deon Geldenhuys

of Rand Afrikaans University.

"Asked 'should the

government negotiate

directly with the ANC,

58 percent of the IIA respondents said 'no'. This >

is significantly fewer

than the 75 percent recorded in the Markinor

Gallup Poll," the statement said.

Afrikaans-speaking

whites (83 percent "no")

are more opposed than

English (68 percent).

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81
SOUTH AFRICA

MONITORING GROUP REPORTS ON UNION DETENTIONS

MB310500 Johannesburg SAPA in English 16 GMT 31 Jul 86

[Text] Johannesburg, July 30, SAPA—-Some 2700 trade unionists had been detained at times since the declaration of the state of emergency, the Labour

Monitoring Group [LMG] said tonight. At present, the LMG said, 320 elected

leaders and officials of trade unions were known to be in detention.

According to the independent groups information, there was only a handful of

new detentions of trade unionists during last week, and this was more or less

matched by the numbers released. "This is the first week since the emergency

began that the total number of detentions of trade unionists has not increased," LMG said.

Eighty-two per cent of those detained were from the Congress of South African

Trade Unions (COSATU). Fourteen per cent of those detained were from the

Council of Unions of South Africa (CUSA).

Five trade unionists had been released under restrictive conditions in terms

of the emergency regulations. They were Miss Elizabeth Erasmus, (Clothing

Workers Union), Mr Elijah Barayi, (NUM [National Union of Mineworkers] and

COSATU), Mr Rae Lazarus (TGWU) [Transport and General Workers Unions], Mr

Dantel Samela (SACWU) [South African Chemical Workers Union], and Miss Joyce

Sedibe (CUSA).

The LMG said "a minority" of firms had agreed to demands that detainees' jobs

and pay be guaranteed, that time would be given for union business, and that

night shift would end because of the dangers of returning home late at night

during the state of emergency.

"The situation on the ground has not sufficiently clarified, but certainly we

can say that those firms who have conceded these demands are in a minority,"

the LMG said. Responses varied enormously to enquiries about job security for

detainees and payment of wages to their families.

CUSA unions (specifically the SA Chemical Workers, Food and Beverages Workers

and Wine and Spirits Workers Unions) "seem to have fared best with workers

having their jobs guaranteed and incomes continuing to go to the families."

82
In individual cases, other unions had secured advantageous agreements. "For

most unions we talked to, however, these issues are still largely a matter of

negotiation or dispute."

Where job security was established, the LMG said, ensuring an income for

familieis was "altogether another issue."

One of the largest unions affected by detentions, the Metal and Allied Workers

Union claimed that, by and large, metal employers were not paying families.

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83
SOUTH AFRICA

GROUP REPORTS INCREASE IN NUMBER OF UNIONISTS DETAINED

MB071119 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0941 GMT 7 Aug 86

[Text] Johannesburg, Aug 7, SAPA—There has been an increase in the number

of trade unionists detained, bringing to 350 the number of officials detained under emergency measures, the Johannesburg based Labour Monitoring

Group [LMG] said in its latest report released today.

The increase is due to both more detailed information in detainees as well

as the inclusion of "white-collar" unions WECTU (Western Cape Teachers Union)

and MWASA (Media Workers Association of South Africa) for the first time.

The LMG said some 750 to 950 trade unionists were currently in detention if

mass detentions are included and that about 2730 officials, elected leaders

and unionists have been detained at some time or another during the emergency.

Last week 15 unionists were released while roughly the same number were detained to the knowledge of the LMG, the report said.

The LMG said WECTU reports that there is an effort to disorganise the trade

union by the transfer of teachers to new schools.

In a development on the 1200 Tembisa Council workers who were detained after

striking for a wage increase, the LMG reports they are all to be reinstated

following a rent boycot and protest by different groups.

In the Cape Province negotiations are in progress over job retention and continued payment for detained shop stewards and unionists. Some sectors in

industry have paid detained workers, or after six weeks made pro-rate payments

to family members of detainees, the LMG said.

In other cases individuals have not been paid while some received full payment

according to the report, while one worker was dismissed from the factory where

he worked following his detention.

The aim of the present negotiations is to secure full payment for the duration

of detentions of workers, and to avoid dismissals.

84
The issue of employers attitudes have been raised with the Midland Chamber of

Industries since there are no guidelines in the region on detained workers

according to the Cape Employers Association, the LMG said.

COSATU [Congress on South African Trade unions] is country-wide still the

worst hit by detentions as 79.5 per cent of those detained are from COSATU

affiliates. CUSA [Council Df Unions of South Africa] detention account for 13

per cent of all detentions among workers and unionists, AZACTU [The Azanian

Council of Trade Unions] for two per cent and non-affiliated unions for 5.5

per cent.

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85
SOUTH AFRICA

MORE FAMILIES SEEN TO RELY ON GOVERNMENT AID TO SURVIVE

Jolmnnesburg THE STAR in English 4 Aug 86 p 1

[Article by Jnnine Simon]

[Text]

There has been a sharp rise in the

number U>f Johannesburg families receiving food coupons and financial aid

from the House of Assembly's Depart:

ment of Health and Welfare Services jn

recent months. . > ; l.v|.]',,% ;>;;;r •.

A total'of 389 families was helped in

April. In May the figure was. 41^, families and in June 541. '' &.>'' i' ".'•''.

"The figures are increasing all the

time," said Mr\V H van Wyk, Assistant

Director Social Work at the department. '••The families are scattered

throughout the Johannesburg and

Randburg magisterial districts, but

most arje probably in the southern and

westernsuburbs."* :'* ;. ';'!';

Applicants forv-the grant scheme,

which began in September 1985, must

meet certain requirements, äong them

that they are registered unemployed

persons and have lost' their, jobs as a

result of the recession.';; v \ f ■■'-.:[•'

The grant of a monthly cheque is approved for six months and is reviewed

each month. i>-?!*?'<'t: . '^ ;

r

"-}

Food coupons are given to tide families over while the application is1

processed, Mr.van. Wyk said, y

Amounts depended on the ages, of,

tha family members and inqpme •— if

iany — from .unemployment insurance

funds or a. spoils, salary; >*' ; : ..-. S

'"," Family members oyer'-10 years old)

were granted,'R164 per month, whilethose under 10 received R49 per month.'

Allowances ior.'ithe emergency food'

coupons were R25.40 for two weeks for)

an adult and RlWor a child under. 10. ''

The department usually referred ap-,

plicants to social work services to find

work and sometimes, managed to help,

them directly.jf;iij'...' ;."V;'.:"' [ '[

.-, "But this is!an informal procedure

done through (the personal contacts of

the people who work here. We have no(

formal means of finding1employment

: for people," MXyan Wyk said. '4

■■ >. t i 't

;,i " ' ''•'' ' ' ' t

• The department's offices are on the'

7th floor of Government Building, 77

Harrison Street.'next door:\p. Johan-j

nesburg Traffic Department."'

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86
SOUTH AFRICA

WITS GROUP TELLS OF STRATEGY TO BUST RENT BOYCOTTERS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Aug 86 p 11

[Text] A group of University of the

Witwatersrand academics has

claimed that regional organs of

the State Security Council are

directly involved in busting

township rent boycotts, which

have cost the State more than

JR250 million in two years.

>? The assertion is made by the

Community - Research Group

j(CRG), which bases its claim on

a document put last year to the

Lekoa Town Council — which

controls the Vaal Triangle

townships, the scene of longstanding boycotts.

Asked to comment, a spokesman for the Bureau for Information in Pretoria said it was

"not prepared to comment on

an assertion made by a group

:of Wits academics on an alleged report dating back to last

year".

In a report released on

Thursday, the research group

explains that each of the re

gional organs — known as "gesamentlike bestuursentrums

(GBS)" or joint management

centres — is "directly accountable to the State Security Council" and is made up of representatives of the community

councils, former development

boards, SAP, SADF and the

business sector.

"Concrete evidence of the involvement, of GBSs in the

breaking of rent boycotts was

given to the CRG this week. L

"In a document titled 'Strategy for the collection of arrear

rental and service charges',

submitted to a meeting of the

Lekoa Town Council on November 1 1985, it is stated that

. 'local collection action groups'

made up of councillors, policemen and officials will be

formed to use all available

means to cqllect arrear rentals.

"The document continues:

'All are (to be) taken in a miniGBS and GBS context... within the ambit of the National Security Management System'."

The researchers explain that

each regional GBS breaks

down into mini-GBSs that deal

with local areas. Together

these bodies form the National

Security Management System.

"The function of GBSs is to

assess the security situation in

each region and recommend to

the authorities concerned appropriate 'solutions' — recommendations that range from security force actions to the

upgrading of living conditions,"'

the CRG report reads.

It highlights that the Lekoa1

document categorically rules'

out negotiation as a means to

ending the rent boycott.

It quotes an instruction that

"no acknowledgement through

negotiations must be given to

revolutionary groups

Instead, a range of strategies

— which were widely reported

when the document was leaked

to the Sharpeville Civic Association in November — were to

be deployed in the Vaal townships falling under the Lekoa

Council. They included:

87
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• Legal action against rent defaulters, concentrating on

those identified as able to afford rent.

•The holding of household discussion with residents. These

were to be conducted by councillors "with SAP support" and

were intended to ascertain

"healthy areas", which the

CRG presumes refers to areas

where opposition to paying

rent is low.

• Winning the hearts and

minds of the young so that they

can persuade their parents to

pay rent. This should be done

at "weekend -camps" where

talks on the role of local authorities, constitutional reform

and the necessity of paying

rent would be given.

•The use of the media on the

rent issue and to deal with general topics like inter-racial reconciliation.

• The establishment of "law

and order committees" in each

ward to "serve as a forum for

dialogue between parents and

rebellious youths".

The CRG comments that the

Lekoa documents reveal a

great sensitivity on the part of

the State to the effect of rent

boycotts in eroding the image

of local government.

It adds: "It is unlikely that

this combination of repressive

and 'hearts and minds' strategies will work. The more repression the State uses the less

legitimate its organs become."

The CRG concludes: "The

fundamental weakness of the

National Security Management

System's boycott busting strategy lies in the clause that forbids negotiation with 'revolutionary' organisations. The

longer negotiations are postponed, the longer the rent boycott willlast."

The Wits group adds a final

caution that rent boycotts are

not in themselves problems —

but an indication th&t more

fundamental problems exist.

' "The boycott is merely a silent

but powerful call by the communities that they want some

control over their own lives

and cities. No new 'urbanisation policy' will work if this

call is ignored."

88
SOUTH AFRICA

OFFICIAL COMMENTS ON TOURISM PROMOTION BAN

MB061248 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1232 GMT 6 Aug 86

[Text] Pretoria, Aug 6, SAPA—Press reports that various foreign governments

were planning bans on promotion of tourism to South Africa remained "statements of intent" and details of eventual action actually taken would have to

be evaluated, the chairman of the SA Tourism Board, Mr Danie Hough, said today.

Reacting in a statement in Pretoria to news of the intended bans he said there

was a major difference between voluntary action in which a government appealed

to the travel and other related industries not to promote tourism to another

country, and mandatory bans on such promotions.

"The anticipated ban does not amount to a ban on travel to South African, but

only the promotion of it.

Mr Hough pointed out that amongst the Commonwealth countries, the United

Kingdom was a major tourist market for the republic, and he was confident that

the voluntary ban called for by Britain's Government would not deter operators, travel agents and others "from continuing their long and fruitful

association with the South African tourism industry and product."

Voluntary bans had not been effective in the past and often had the

opposite effect to what was intended.

On those countries now proposing mandatory bans, Mr Hough said the board had,

and would continue to consider alternative methods of promoting South Africa.

He was. confident such means existed.

Although the proposed move against tourism promotion was not helpful, "the

overall situation was not lost" and history had shown that sanctions could be

circumvented.

Furthermore, the board was stimulating domestic tourism with the active cooperation of the local industry, and this had always formed the basis of the

country's industry.

Consumer reaction from all sectors of the community had been most encouraging.

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89
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

REFUGEES ARRESTED IN KRUGER—Ten women and five children who entered South

Africa illegally from Zimbabwe are being held by police at Skukuza in the

Kruger National Park. A member, of the Repatriation Task Force of the Nkomati

Committee, Mr (Willie Heyneke), says the refugees left Zimbabwe and moved

along the Mozambican border to the spot where they entered South Africa at

the Kruger National Park. Mr (Heyneke) says the refugees told him that they

had left Zimbabwe because they could not obtain food and clothing there.

He said they wanted to settle in South Africa. Arrangements have been made

to transfer the group to Nelspruit where a further decision will be taken

about their future. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500

GMT 12 Aug 86 MB]

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90
SOUTH AFRICA

MINISTER VIEWS BROADENING USE OF FINANCIAL RAND IN INVESTMENT

MB081804 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1800 GMT 8 Aug 86

[Text] Pretoria, Aug 8, SAPA—The avenues of investment for which the

financial rand may be utilized are to be considerably broadened, the

minister of finance, Mr Barend du Plessis said today.

Mr Du Plessis said in a statement to SAPA tonight that the current

exchange control regulations only permitted limited use to be made

of the financial rand for investment purposes. "As a result of this

fact the size of the financial rand market is limited and consequently

the financial rand rate is at a very low level which does not adequately

reflect the intrinsic value of this currency.

"To address this problem, it has now been decided to broaden considerably

the avenues of investment for which financial rand may be utilized.

"Applications may, therefore now be submitted to the exchange control by

authorized banks on behalf of non-residents for the release of

financial rand for the purpose of taking up shares in connection with the

establishment of new companies, purchasing shares in existing non-quoted

companies and for the acquisition of property.

"All requests will be considered on merit, with more favorable treatment

being given to investments resulting in an increase in economic activity.

In respect of property transactions the exchange control may, in certain

limited instances, where inter alia private residential properties and

farms are concerned, require that at least 50 percent of the investment

be met from funds introduced through normal banking channels.

"An exchange control circular has been issued to authorized dealers today on

the procedure to be followed and the information required in submitting

applications. The use of financial rand will still be restricted,

however, to investments in respect of which the non-resident ownership

by title can be clearly identified. It should also be stressed that the

exchange control will not agree to loan funds being introduced through the

financial rand medium and the expenses of a current nature must continue

to be funded by transfers from abroad," Mr Du Plessis said.

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91
UNDERCOVER ARMY CF 'SANCTIONS BUSTERS' PREPARED FOR ACTION

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 27 Jul 86 p 13

[Article by David Jackson]

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text]

AN undercover army of boy:

cott-breaking specialists is

set to swing into action if the

West decides to tighten the

economic screws on South

Africa.

The well-oiled infrastructure of

an efficient machine is already

forging new markets for South

African goods in a hostile political

climate.

And it could be geared up into a

fullscale strategic counter-offensive

against international sanctions, experts

said this week.

For some enterprising entrepreneurs

and "middle-men" it could mean overnight fortunes as business expertise and

a web of international contacts are

tapped to channel South African exJ

ports into unlikely new markets.

But for the most part, it would take

the form of a national effort as South

Africa pulls out all the stops to secure

vital trade lifelines to keep the economy moving.

Official projections released this

week by the SA Foreign Trade Organisation (Safto) reveal that South Africa is

set this year to glean a record R2 000-

million in export earnings to black

Africa — excluding the BSL countries

of Botswana, Swaziland and Lesotho.

By far the bulk of this" revenue comes

from above-board official trade.'. ;

But several million rands — the exact figure is difficult to ascertain <- is

believed to represent invaluable

toreign exchange brought in by a silent

army of exporters who have breached

the political trade embargo. •'.'

Mandatory sanctions would have the1

effect of spurring on exporters to aggressively seek out alternative markets, business exporters said this week.!;

Miss Sally Gallagher, a consultant!

with long experience in promoting two«:*

way trade between South Africa; and

African states, said:

"There can be no barrier to stop a

businessman doing business. Lebanon is >, a case in point. Suppliers to Lebanon

have been coining it since the troubles

there.

"There is not a country in Africa

which has not traded with South Africa

at some time." ,

South Africa trades officially, or

semi-officially, with at least 13 black

African countries — Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland, Malawi, Mozambique,

Zambia, Zimbabwe, Zaire, the Cornmores, Reunion, Mauritius, the Seychelles and the Ivory Cpast. v^'j..

But the spider web of undercover

contacts, co-ordinated by the so-called

"export houses", extends South African :

business influence into some unlikely

areas - into "hostile" black African

countries strong on anti-apartheid rhe- ,

toric but desperately short of the com-.,

modifies that South Africa can provide. "

' Many of the operations are shrouded

in secrecy. Merchants, some of them

schooled in the Rhodesian anti-sanctions busting'campaign of the '60s, iealously guard their techniques and their '

contacts.'

And the extent of covert Govenanenti

assistance can only be speculated at. -

But the tales of entrepre-'

neurial derring-do are legion. >

Unmarked aircraft, it is said,'

fly in supplies to "hostile"1

black states. '

South African oranges^

mysteriously stamped

"grown in Mozambique", appear onsupermarket shelves'

in countries to the north.

. A black state, traditionally.

at loggerheads with South

Africa, calls for emergency,

supplies of South Africanmade cement when a local

factory breaks down. ' ,

Top-of-the range South

African products are report*,

edly being consumed by;

French expatriates in the,

black African state of Gabon

— which is also making use.

of South African structural

steel products.

Boost

And these are but the

fringes of a mushrooming

trade which has seen a dramatic boost in exports to

black Africa, up from Rl 500-

-nillion in 1985.

The Africa area manager

rf Safto, Mr David Muirhead,

said: "Basically, it's a snowballing effect. The more

South African companies and

South African goods penetrate these markets, the

more they become aware of

South Africa as a source of

supply.

But, more importantly, ex-

' port agents honed in the hard

school of Rhodesian sanc-

: tions-busting believe that

South Africa's clandestine

; trade operation has given the

country a psychological head

start in the sanctions battle

to come.

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92
SOUTH AFRICA

SHIPBUILDING FIRM LANDS CONTRACT WITH CHILEAN NAVY

.Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR.in English 27 Jul 86 p 5

[Article by Graham Ferreira]

[ Text ] SOUTH AFRICA'S shipbuilding. •

giant Sandock-Austral has

landed a multimillion-rand,

contract for shipbuilding with •;

the Chilean Navy. ;

Sandock-Austral, a subsidiary of Gencor, was paid

R25 million to set up a building

and repair yard in the south of

Chile. It owns Half the com?

pany.

General Jack Dutton, former

Ambassador to Chile and now a

director of Sandock-Austral,

said this week the facility

would accommodate ships up :

to 4 000 tons. •• "

Since Defence Minister General Magnus Malan's announcement in Parliament that South

Africa was investigating the

construction of submarines,

there has been speculation on

where this will happen. ?...'•' j»

"No, we [certainly don't plan

to build any submarines," said

General Dutton. " • u?

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93
CITRUS EXPORTS TO JAPAN HALTED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 30 Jul 86 p 1

[Article by Mick Collins]

[ Text ] CITRUS exports to Japan - said to be

worth R80m annually — have been halt-j

ed because of the state of emergency.

The exports can only be effected ifj

Japanese-appointed inspectors pass cargoes before shipment. But the Japanese

government is refusing to allow mspec-i

tors to work in South Africa because it!

fears for their safety. | A spokesman for the Japanese Consul!

for Economic Affairs in Pretoria yester-i

day confirmed the decision and said his

government was worried about the security situation. ' "

l:

"It is the state of emergency they are

anxious about."

Asked if he thought there was personal,

danger in SA, he said: "My government

obviously reached its own decision."

The inspectors, whose presence was

vital because of strict Japanese phyto

sanitary regulations, may return once

the government was satisfied their safety could be guaranteed.

General manager of the Citrus Ex-i

change Cameron McOnie confirmed that

the embargo was costing millions of dollars in lost earnings.

He refused to be specific on the value

of last year's export volumes, but industry sources estimated the trade to be1

worth R80m.

"Our sales to Japan at the moment are

zero. One of the requirements before any

fruit is exported there is that food fly

sterilisation takes place — a task supervised by Japanese inspectors.

"The process entails putting the fruit

in cold storage for longer periods than is

normal for exports to other countries."

Last year, citrus growers predicted a

16% increase in exports to Japan. ;

Safari Services snipping, which then

operated three sailings a month, has

since added another vessel to its schedule to cope with, expected demand. ;.

Japan buys mainly marsh grapefruit'

and lemons from SA. <

In response to a question on whether!

Far East markets would take up any

surplus in the event of US and European

sanctions, McOnie said: "The East would

be a much better market for us.

"Plans are being made, but it would be

incautious of me to reveal them."

He said the Citrus Exchange had not

receivedany complaints on the quality of

fruit exported.

Other Far East countries, where import regulations are not as strict as those

in Japan, are understood to be interested

in taking up any surplus brought about

by sanctions.

/9274

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94
SOUTH AFRICA

WEAK RAND COSTS MILLIONS, HELPS EXPORTS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 31 Jul 86 p 2M

[Article by Michael Chester]

[Text]

South African exporters«,;

have been jubilant over j

the plunge in the value of j

the rand on world mar- >

kets — reaping fortunes \

from overseas buyers \

paying their bills in j

stronger currencies.

Income counted in j

rands has grown as fast j

as the exchange rate has :

shrunk.

Though the volume of

merchandise exports so

far into 1986 is below the

total for 1980, income has

more than doubled in

rand terms.

Importers, however,

have been shaken rigid

by the steepness of increases in the number of

rands needed to settle the

bills coming in from

overseas suppliers whose

prices are fixed in their;,

own currencies.

Between them they are

now paying as much as '

140 percent more — for

20 percent fewer goods. • !

Any item marked

"Made in Britain" with a

price tag of ,tl0 cost ,

1117,65 in rand terms five

years ago.

Even if by a miracle

tiie UK price has not increased, it now costs i

R39,06. ' i

A $10 pair of sneakers

imported from the United States in, 1981 cost;

R8.78 Today theywill

costR26,18.

A bottle of perfume

, imported from Paris,

i priced at 100 francs, cost , R16.16 in the early 1980s.

Today it costs R37,90.

WITHDRAWAL

Japanese suppliers who

wanted R3.97 for a 1000-

yen roll of special cam- •'

era film five years ago

now want Rl6,69 for it, '

The plight of companies relying heavily if

not totally on imports

was fully demonstrated

last week when Duracell !

Batteries of the UK an- >

nounced its withdrawal

from South Africa — not

because-of political

pressures but because its

local operation was being j

throttlediby exchange

rate problems.

"We found ourselves

trapped in a vicious circle that made commercial nonsense," Mr Derek

Bamberi, a company

spokesman, said. "There

was no escape, so the

company is winding • down".

Duracell first switched

its sources of supplies

from Britain to Belgium,

but found exchange rates :

as bad as ever. Nor was

it able to avoid having to

pay its shipping:WllsOn £

. US dollars.''";.- ".' . And its multinational -

parent company insisted?-

that all final accounts

used Swiss francs. :'

"The currency trap Is;;"

taking a tremendous toll;?

inside the business

world," says Mr Paul Edwards of Dun and Brad

' Street, which monitors;

the financial health of SA;

companies: :fy V i

i'The clout is not only

being felt by companies

that operate solely as importers. Research showsthat 50 percent of all SA

l manufacturing firms are

\ forced to rely on imports

to varying degrees for

items that range from

components to high technology capital goods. I

; "Exchange rate problems have been at the

root of many of the financial ailments that have

hit huge chunks of the industrial as well as cpmmercial sectors."

The motor industry,

which has to import

50 percent by value of„all

the components that, go

into the assembly of. new

passenger cars, is one of

the hardest hit. ;.

... ., RECESSION ->vJ

The National Association of Automobile Manufacturers has begun'a

special analysis of the

causes of combined

: losses that amounted to

R600 million or more last

year.

Cuts in consumer

! spending caused by the

: recession carry much of

the blame. But the most

mischievous gremlins

splattering red ink all

over corporate financial

i results have come from

the currency markets.-

i All of the top motor

manufacturers need; to

bring in components

from either Japan or

West Germany — the two

'countries whose currencies have climbed the

fastest of all.

One of them has calcuj lated that every single

j 1 percent decline of the

1 value, of the rand against

thfe Japanese yen makes

its production costs leap

byvat least R7 million. •

All of them count the

extra cash burden in mil1

lions of rands.

i Nor do local manufacturers of other key components escape the currency trap.

!; Naamsa estimates that

k the average cost of vital

f imported raw materials

jumped by another

95
28 percent in the past

three months alone.

The landed cost of zinc,

as an example, shot up by

as much as 48 percent in

rand terms.

'.'Even with the relatively sharp price increases on vehicles over

the past two years, few if

any of the main manufacturers are keeping pace

with foreign exchange

'losses," says Mr Nico

Vermeulen, executive

director of Naamsa.

"They have used their

own shock absorbers to

hold down prices as much

! as possible. But there are

Imports

VOLUME HUH

PRICE

1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986

Exports

VOLUME f||||§|||

PRIC&I

< 70

60

1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986

msfliRn«

2. Examining' th»:.

currencies of oil South

Africa'* main trading

partners, one sees that

on average the value

of the rand has shrunk

from Rl to only 30

cents. The recovery

that was seen in the

first few months of

1986 has been snuffed

out and the rand is

now back where it was

at the end of last year.

96
limits to how far and for ports for the production

how long the losses can of items ranging from TV

be carried. More heavy a»d hi-fi sets to microlosses are inevitable for wave ovens and sewing

the industry again this machines,

year. It's one hell of a di- "We have cut our profit

lemma." margins to the bone,"

Also among the vie- says managing director

tims of the exchange rate Mr Jack Cohen. "Now we

squeeze are companies aie looking at the altersuch as Tedelex, with a natives of using more and

heavy reliance on im- more local content where

possible.

97
CSO: 3400/364

'', 1.A five-year overview'

shows how exporters

have enjoyeda bonan-.

za in profits from the

shrinkage of the rand

while the costs of imports — though lower

in volume since 1982

—have soared by

more than; 140 percent.' '

98
SOUTH AFRICA

RESEARCH POINTS WAY TO NEW GOLDFIELDS

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 27 JuL 86 p 28

[Article by Dave Edwards]

[Text]

A NEW period of gold

exploration can be ex-1

pected as a result of research work reported

by scientists at Geocongress '86, an Earth Science affair organised <

by the Geological

Society of South Africa.

Several important papers

were presented to the congress, which drew delegates

from Australia, Canada and

the United States.

One of the more significant ,

papers for South Africa's !

gold industry was by Dr B

Corner, of the Department of

Geophysics, University of the

Witwatersrand. He showed

delegates a new geophysically interpreted map compiled

from magnetic and gravity

data covering a large part of

SA.

Unique

Magnetic and gravity

mapping is not new and

several speakers pointed out

that these techniques had primarily been responsible for

the discovery of the West

Rand and Free State gold-,

fields.

The importance of the

work lies in the unique combination of both types of data.

As a result certain ancient

rock groups have been "fingerprinted" so that their re-

/12828

CSO: 3400/385

gional distribution can be inferred by the similarities in

these physical characteristics.

Because these methods

produce results even in areas

where the rocks are buried ;

deep, exploration geologists

are able to extrapolate from

known mineral deposits into

unknown areas.

In producing the map use

has been made of image en*

hancement techniques and

also in-house developed computer interpretation programmes which put this kind

of research in the forefront of

technology.

Depression

The map on the right is a

simplification of that produced at Geocongress '86 and

covers the area in and around

the Witwatersrand basin

within which SA's principal

gold-bearing strata are

found.

The Witwatersrand basin

is best described as an ancient, disturbed, sedimentfilled depression. This irregularly shaped basin extends

from Kinross to the east, to

Brandfort in the south, to

Klerksdorp in the west and

through Johannesburg to the

north.

The lower Witwatersrand

sediments have a clear magnetic"*fingerprint". The goldbearing strata of the Witwatersrand ' (which

themselves do not nave a

clear magnetic expression)

lie next to, and within, the

basin defined by the lower

'group of sedimentary rocks

which are shown in the stippled areas of the map.

In the basin's centre the

conspicuous circular ring of

lower Witwatersrand sediments are the result of the

upward movement of the

' Vredefort dome.

This geophysically derived map differs in several

significant ways from the

known geological extent of

the lower sedimentary group.

By implication there are localities which require investigations to confirm or deny

the existence of lower Witwatersrand basin sediments

which are still unexposed.

The hope is that more goldbearing strata will come to

light near these rocks. .

Tempting ;j.

Another surprising, and

potentially highly significant,

result of this research is the,

identification of hidden rocks

outside the perimeter of the

Witwatersrand basin and

which bear a similar finger-

* print to the rocks of the lower

Witwatersrand sediments.

! These like-fingerprinted

rocks are concentrated in the

four regions indicated by the

parallel lines on the map. The ,

existence of other Witwaters-'

rand-like basins in these localities is a tempting speculation, but it must be

remembered that the existence of gold-bearing strata in

* these areas has yet to be

proved, even if lower Witwatersrand sediments are

present. *

Since 1960, extensions td

SA's gold deposits have

stemmed from advances in

understanding of the ancient,

unique, sedimentary processes which controlled gold

placers.

Structural geology has become an increasingly important predictive tool. Although

advances such as described

here help to define broad

areas of interest, seismic reflection techniques (largely

developed for use in oil exploration) have in recent

years proved capable of providing more detailed structural information in respect

of covered Wijtwatersrand

sediments.

With modern technology

able to provide safe mining

conditions below 3 500

metres and expectations that

even deeper mining Is possible there is reason to believe

that SA will be able to extend

its gold-mining life well into

the 21st century.

99
SOUTH AFRICA

EARNINGS STATISTICS FOR WHITES, BLACKS, OTHERS

MB231057 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1048 GMT 23 Jul 86

[Text] Pretoria, July 23, SAPA—Whites in South Africa still earn far bigger

salaries than the other race groups, according to a survey released in Pretoria

today at the Central Statistical Service.

In March this year, whites employed in the wholesale trade earned on average

r1,831 per month compared with r344 for blacks. Coloreds and Indians earned

r598/and r882 respectively.

Disparities in the retail trade were smaller. Here whites earned r934 per

month compared with r343 for blacks, r409 for coloreds and r551 for Indians.

Disparities also exist in the automobile, control board and hotel industries.

White motor trade workers on average received rl,427 each in March, compared

with r343, r539 and r931 for blacks, coloreds and Indians respectively.

South Africa's 2,186 white Control Board employees on average drew r2,045 each

in salaries, compared with r417, r378 and r528 for the 919 blacks, 378 coloreds

and 48 Indians working for the board.

Whites in the hotel trade earned r891 on average, compared with r250, r318,

and r537 for the concurrent groups.

The Control Board is the only category covered in the survey in which the number of whites outnumber blacks.

In March there were 94,600 blacks in the motor trade compared to 41,700 whites,

and 30,400 blacks in the hotel industry compared to 8,500 whites.

The retail trade supplied jobs for 175,000 blacks compared to 127,000 whites,

while the wholesale sector had 96,000 blacks compared with 82,900 whites.

Coloreds and Indians numbered 13,800 and 4,800 respectively in the motor trade,

6,800 and 3,200 respectively in the hotel industry, 46,200 and 19,800 in the

retail industry, and 23,700 and 12,800 in the wholesale industry.

/12766

CSO: 3400/32

100
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

FARMERS DEFINE PLIGHT—Famrers are In desperate financial straits and urgently

require Government aid, according to Agricultural Union president Mr Kobus

Jooste. Without such aid the country could face $addecade of hunger". Mr

Jooste, addressing a rally of Central Transvaal farmers at Silverton, that

said a plan to save farmers had been drawn up and would operate soon. The

State President and the Economic Advisory Council had "favourably" received

representations from the union, Mr Jooste said. "We find ourselves in a position where we may have to forfeit a measure of autonomy by accepting Government

help but there is no other way out." Warning that not even abundant rain would

lift the huge debt load borne by farmers, Mr Jooste said it was vital that they

did not lose faith in themselves as managers and food producers. "Widespread

drought is not our only problem. We are facing serious threats from sanctions

and boycotts, "The agricultural sector is far more vulnerable to punitive

political action than are other sectors. "There are huge surpluses of agricultural products all over the world, especially in our traditional export

markets in Europe. Nobody is going to go hungry if South African products are

no longer available overseas," Mr Jooste said. Other speakers at the rally,

attended by about 150 farmers, were union vice-president Mr Nico Kotze, who is

also president of the Transvaal Agricultural Union, and Dr Andries Scholtz,

chairman of the SSAU's Co-operative Council. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR

in English 30 Jul 86 p 1] /9274

EXPORTS FROM SWEDEN DECLINE—Sweden's imports from South Africa declined in

the first5 month's of this year by 76 percent, compared with the same period

last year. On the other hand, the importing of machines and spare parts

from South Africa have increased, according to figures from the [Swedish]

Central Office of Statistics. Since the ban on imports of South African

foodstuffs there have been no imports of South African agricultural products

at all. [Text] [Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 15 Aug 86 p 10] /6662

PRETORIA SAVES OVER 15 MILLION—Johannesburg, July 24, SAPA—Pretoria has saved

R15,188,475—or 8.21 percent—on salaries, wages and allowances in the 1985/86

financial year. This means the city's target of a R14.75-million—or 8 percent—

saving by not filling vacancies and not granting salary and wage increases

during the financial year has been exceeded by more than R430,000. The town

clerk, Mr Piet Delport, pointed out in a report to the management committee

that the council had not succeeded fully in achieving an additional savings of

R6 million. The cut of R14.75-million had been implemented in line with an

8 percent salary and wage cut to state departments. The Department of Finance

ordered in June last year that a further R6 million be cut from the council's

budget, in addition to the saving of R14.75-million. [Text] [Johannesburg

SAPA in English 0954 GMT 24 Jul 86 MB]/12766

101
NATURAL GAS RESERVES—Cape Town, July 24, SAPA—South Africa's natural gas

reserves on the southern Cape coast appear to be far bigger than was originally

estimated, says the general manager of Soekor, Dr Ken Graham, SABC news reports.

Dr Graham told a seminar on the Mossel Bay gas project in Cape Town today that

this conclusion was contained in an audit of the gas field conducted by an

international consultant. Dr Graham said there was easily enough gas for 25

years. In addition exploration was continuing in other areas including the

west coast. Construction is due to start in 1988 and production in 1991. He

said there were many investment opportunities, not only in the Mossel Bay project, but in the long term as drilling programs were in the offing off the

Mozambique and Angolan coasts. Dr Graham said the low price of oil on the

international market could have an effect on the viability of the Mossel Bay

scheme, but he believed that the price in rand terms was not that cheap at this

stage. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1135 GMT 24 Jul 86 MB]/12766

SIX MONTH TRADE SURPLUS—South Africa's trade surplus during the first 6

months of this year amounted to 6,100 million rand. This was announced in

Pretoria today by the Department of Customs and Excise. The 6-month surplus

was a 13-percent improvement over the corresponding period last year. During

June South Africa exported goods valued at 3,300 million rand while imports

amounted to 2,100 million rand. The June surplus was 18 percent higher than

this year's monthly average. Total exports so far this year came to 19,000

million rand while imports amounted to 13,000 million rand. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1500 GMT 22 Jul 86 MB]/12766

ISCOR CHIEF ON BAN—The managing director of ISCOR [South Africa Iron and

Steel Corporation], Mr William Van Wyk, says a Commonwealth and EEC ban

on the import of iron and steel would have an adverse effect on the

corporation. Mr Van Wyk told our Pretoria news staff that ISCOR exported

to many countries and that, should pressure be exerted, ISCOR could

increase exports to countries not applying sanctions and seek new markets.

He said ISCOR would reduce production or dismiss staff only as a last resort.

[Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1500 GMT 5 Aug 86 MB]

/12624

SECURITY VEHICLE FOR COMMERCIAL USE—Johannesburg, August 3, SAPA—The

casspir armored personnel carrier, which has been used with great success

by the South African Police in unrest and counter-insurgency operations

in South Africa and SWA/Namibia, has been cleared for sale to commerce

and industry, SABC Radio News reports. The first of 11 units has been supplied

to a well-known mining house. The casspir, which has unmatched levels

of protection and mobility, is ideally suited for the conveyance of

personnel in riot and unrest conditions. Those to be supplied to the mining

house have been fitted with highly sophisticated systems and further

specialized options which constitute a major advancement in the local

security vehicle industry. Standard fittings will include a pneumaticallyoperated steel room which can be opened fully or partially, depending on

external circumstances; front and rear floodlights; and internally

controlled searchlights. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 0649 GMT

3 Aug 86 MB] /12624

CSO: 3400/379

102
SOUTH AFRICA

COMPUTER GIANTS REPORTEDLY PREPARE 'CONTINGENCY PLANS'

•Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in.English 7 Aug 86 p 1

[Article by David Furlonger]

[Text] COMPUTER and business equipment giant Rank Xerox said yesterday that it was preparing full-scale

contingency plans in SA in case of,

further US sanctions.

MD of the company's SA operation;

David English, said options included a

reduced shareholding in the company, or

a 100% buy-out by local management. ;

Other US computer companies denied)

they were considering similar contingency plans.

IBM MD Jack Clarke said IBM would

remain in SA "as long as it makes good

business sense and while there is a

chance we can contribute to peaceful

change". *

But industry sources said all major,

corporations would by now have considered ways of circumventing sanctions

and the denials were intended to avoid

political comebacks from the US pn>:

sanctions lobby.

English said: "It would be stupid and

irresponsible if we did not have contingency plans. The future may not be in our

own hands."

He said plans were designed to ensure

continuity of supply to Rank's 10 000 SA

customers.

"We have to consider Ways to safe-

/8309

CSO: 3400/393

guard them. Any deal depends on guarantees of continuation of supply. The

level of our business that would be maü>

tained would depend on legislation.

1; '"Left to our own devices, we would

* remain a 100%-owned company. But the

spate of sanctions Bills could jeopardise

'that position. Depending on legislation,

iilone of the options under consideration is

"a local buy-out. We have looked at the

?:question of 100% local.ownership. Or we

could continue here as Ford has done^

'! with a reduced holding."

• The US has already banned sales of

computers to SA government agencies

Industry sources said companies could

i get round a total ban on sales to SA by

'channelling parts from manufacturing

«facilities throughout the world for subassembly in SA.

; Sperry MD Pat Cullen yesterday insisted the company had no plans to reconsider its SA operation.

: i Burroughs MD Mias van Vuuren said:

. "If you leave, you must have a scenario

that it is not Worth being there. We have

'£ been in.SA since 1930, We are here as, a

: positive influence.'- s

>;

103
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

ENGINEERING INDUSTRY'S IMPORT SUBSTITUTION—South Africa's mechanical engineering industry stands to benefit from sanctions because of import replacement

says the chairman of Genrec, Mr W.M. Joubert. Addressing the group's annual

general meeting yesterday, Mr Joubert said local engineering companies had

the facilities to provide the needs of the mining and industrial sectors.

"Companies are able to take on a variety of projects and adapt to the changing

market and new technology. "At present, the structural and mechanical engineering sectors have excess capacity, but promising projects exist in the mining

and petrochemical sectors." Mr Joubert said that although Genrec had strived

to improve its labour and industrial relations, and believed trade unions had

a positive role to play, recently trade unions had had a negative effect on the

mechanical engineering sector because they had become motivated, in part, by

politics. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Aug 86 p 4] /8309

NEW PHARMACEUTICAL PLANT—A new highly technical and sophisticated steriles

manufacturing facility costing R4-million was opened by Dr Willie van Niekerk,

minister of health and population development, at Adcock-Ingram Laboratories

in Industria yesterday. The laboratory is the only local manufacturer of

dental anaesthetic cartridges in South Africa and with the new facility will

be able to manufacture enough dental anaesthetics to supply South Africa's

total needs for the next 10 to 15 years. The steriles unit will also be able

to manufacture and fill a wide range of injection solutions into glass ampoules,

vials and other cartridges. "The facility is unique within the local pharmaceutical industry. The world has very few of these hi-tech sterile facilities

and ours is certainly as advanced as any of the others," said Mr Don Bodley,

managing director of the company. Dr W Van Niekerk said at the opening ceremony

that he was proud of the company's achievement. "This factory makes us more

independent from outside sources and lets your achievement remind others that

now is the time to be positive and prepare ourselves for a better future—a

future which we only can work out amongst ourselves," he said. [Text]

[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 6 Aug 86 p 8] /8309

CSO: 3400/393 END

104