ETHIOPIA

STUDENT POPULATION IN SHOA REGION RISES BY 259.9 PERCENT
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIA HERALD in English 13 Jan 84 pp 1, 5

[Text] The student population in schools throughout the 11 provinces of Shoa
administrative region has risen from 150,801 in 1966 E.C. to 542,768 in the
current academic year, showing a growth of 259.9 per cent.

Comrade Hailu Abbi, Chief Regional Education Officer, told the Ethiopian Herald
that the number of primary school teachers has grown from 2,884 in 1966 to
7,376, while the number of primary schools went up from 482 to 1,355 today.

The latter registered a growth of 181.1 per cent.

According to Comrade Hailu, the number of students attending junior secondary
in 1966 E.C. stood at 16,739 and the present total is 56,701. The number of
teachers in these schools has increased from 501 in 1966 E.C. to 1,256 at
present.

The head of the Shoa Regional Education Office has that the number of junior
secondary schools has also grown from 76 in 1966 E.C. to 217 this year, while
the number of students in senior econdary schools is 44,907 now compared to
11,057 in 1966 E.C. The number of schools has doubled from 21 in 1966 E.C. to
43 at present.

Comrade Hailu said the regional office has plans to build 51 additional primary
schools this year and will expand the facilities of 15 junior secondary schools.
The current figure of primary schools in the region is 1,650. This academic
year 655 primary school and 175 secondary school teachers have been posted in
different parts of the region.

The Shoa Regional Education Office will be spending this year more than 31.9
million and 2.0 million birr on salaries and running expenses, respectively.
In 1966 E.C. the Regional Office spent around 11.3 million on salaries and 1.3
million birr to cover running expenses.

Comrade Hailu said that a large number of children and adults have begun to at-
tend school following the launching of the nation-wide literacy campaign. He
added that the people in the region are actively participating in the construc-
tion of primary schools, thereby contributing to the efforts of the government
in this field. He noted that the people's contribution comes in the form of

13



COOPERATION AGREEMENT WITH USSR--An agreement on cooperation and information
exchange was signed yesterday in Moscow between the Seychelles Press Agency
(SAP) and the Novosti Press Agency (APN). The agreement calls for a regular
exchange of news and photos dealing with domestic events in both countries
and with international issues. The document was signed by Antonio Beaudouin,
director of the information department in the Ministry of Education and
Information, and by Pavel Naumov, chairman of the APN Board of Directors.
During the signing ceremony, Naumov and Beaudouin underscored the fact that
the agreement will further promote bilateral cooperation and will enable the
people of both countries to know each other better. Mr Beaudouin is currently
visiting the Soviet Union at the invitation of the APN. [Text] [Victoria
NATION in French 2 Dec 83 p 10] 8796

POSSIBLE FRENCH AID IN INFORMATION--Robert Perseil, official representative of
the General Department of Cultural, Scientific and Technical Relations in the
Fretich Ministry of Foreign Relations, has been in Mahe since Monday on a
working visit dealing with cooperation between France and the Seychelles in
the sphere of information. The purpose of his visit is to determine and
assess the possibilities of expanding the daily newspaper NATION and the
National Press Agency and the training of news people. Mr Perseil, who was
received in audience at the beginning of the week by Minister of Education and
Information James Michel, has had several talks with Chief Secretary Jeremie
Bonnelame and with other officials of the Department of Information. On
Thursday afternoon, a review meeting attended by Francois Chappelet, head of
the cooperation mission, determined which projects could receive French aid.
[Text] [Victoria NATION in French 3 Dec 83 p 1] 8796

MINISTERIAL VISIT TO ITALY AND ROMANIA--The Seychelles hope to increase
bilateral cooperation with Italy and Romania, said Maxime Ferrari, minister of
planning and external relations, who returned to Mahe on Sunday from a trip

to Europe. Mr Ferrari told the national press that although commercial
contacts already exist between the Seychelles and Italian businessmen, the
Seychelles Government expects cooperation to increase between Victoria and
Rome. He mentioned in particular the possibility of an Italian loan amounting
to approximately. $7 million to fund development projects in the Seychelles

as well as a possible stopover in Italy by Air Seychelles. Mr Ferrari, who
discussed a variety of subjects with Italian officials, announced that in the
sphere of health cooperation between the Seychelles and Italy will

double and that Seychelles students have been offered to attend medical
training courses in Italy. Mr Ferrari who went to Romania invited by the
Romanian Communist Party, described his visit as very interesting. "Romania
is an interesting country for the Seychelles. My visit to that country was
very friendly and I met with many ministers," Dr Ferrari said. During his
stay in Bucharest, Mr Ferrari met with officials from the petrochemical, mining,
forestry and tourist industries. The Seychelles minister hopes that the
Seychelles will profit from the Romanian experience in those sectors, he
concluded. [Text] [Victoria NATION in French 13 Dec 83 p 1] 8796

cso: 3419/307
34



ADMINISTRATOR GENERAL WITHDRAWS BREAD SUBSIDY

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 21 Dec 83 p 1

[Text]

cso:

3400/520

IN A shock move the
Administrator-general
Dr Willie van Niekerk,
announced _ yesterday
that subsidies on white
and whole wheat bread
will be dropped in the
country from January 1.
Dr -Van Niekerk made
the announcement from
Swakopmund, to where he
retires annually for the
festive season to escape the
searing inland heat.

The announcement, he
said, followed a com-
prehensive study by the
Department of Agriculture
and Nature Conservation.

“According to this
study, bread is by no
means a staple food for the

population as a whole. This
is even more true for the
less affluent parts of the
population,” Dr Van
Niekerk said.

According to . the
departmental report it was
actually the affluent sec-
tion of the population
which benifited more by
the present subsidy system
than the poor.

“The most important
purpose of food subsidies
is to make staple foods
more accessible to the

poor.

“The subsidy on white
and whole wheat bread
clearly does not serve this
purpose,

“Maize products and
mahango are the staple
ifoods of the major part of
the population,” Dr Van
Niekerk said.

NAMIBIA



BLACK EXAMS 'FIXED'~-Cape Town--The national executive of the Congress of
South African Students (Cosas) has accused the Government of deliberately
"fixing". examination results. The Cosas national executive last night
criticised the pass rate announced by the Department of Education and
Training last week for black candidates who wrote the National Senior
Certificate last year. Noting "the persistent problem of poor exam results"
and the fact that these results were "a shame and a curse for our black
communities," the organisation accused the Government of perpetuating an
oppressive, racist and undemocratic education system. It called on
community organisations to take up the issue of education and the high
failure rates in particular. It accused the Goverment of fixing results

so as to "cut down the number of academic students at universities and high
schools and to force the majority of them into technikons to acquire skills
needed by the private sector." --Sapa [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in
English 11 Jan 84 p 6M]

VRYHEID LIFTS WATER CURBS--Durban.--For the first time in about three-and-
a-half years Vryheid's residents in Northern Natal will be free of water
restrictions. The town council met on Monday night and decided to lift
restrictions completely, including the ban on the use of hose pipes. The
decision was taken after the town engineer estimated there was enough water
in the three dams supplying the town to last for four years. The combined
level of the Midmar and Albert Falls dams is now 28,6 percent, an increase
of two percent overnight. The Karkloof River is flowing strongly and is
flowing into the Albert Falls Dam at 23 000 litres a second. Similarly, the
Umgeni River is also flowing strongly and is pouring 17 000 litres of water
a second into the Midmar Dam. Mr Phillip Kotze, the assistant town clerk of
Vryheid, said latest reports showed that the municipal dam, Grootgewacht,
was overflowing and that the other dam, Bloemveld, was 50 percent full. The
newly-completed State dam, Klipfontein, the town's biggest dam, was 83 per-
cent full. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Jan 84 p 12]

HUGE WATER LOSS--Pietermaritzburg.--A quarter of all water supplied to
Pietermaritzburg by the Umgeni Water Board in November--about 209 million
litres--has been "lost." According to a report before the tradings com-
mittee on Thursday, the total quantity of water consumed in the city in
November was 844 679 000 litres. However, the city's books show the amount
sold to be about 635 000 0001. [as published] The shortfall leaves the
city council red-faced at a time when consumers are making sacrifices to
conserve water. The deputy city engineer, Mr John Robbins, said there were
a number of possible reasons for the discrepancy. "There are of course
leakages in the water mains and there could be differences between the
readings on the Umgeni Board's meters and our own," he said. "But we are
very concerned at the position because, in any event, the figure of 25 per-
cent of water unaccounted for is too high." [Text] [Johannesburg THE
CITIZEN in English 21 Jan 83 p 13]

LOAN FROM SWITZERLAND--Cape Town.--The South African Government today
signed a 70-million Swiss francs (about R40-million) loan with the Union
Bank of Switzerland yesterday. Signing the five-year contract in Cape
Town on behalf of the Government, the Minister of Finance, Mr Owen Horwood,
described the loan as a "syndicated" one, adding that the interest rate
would be six percent. However, with an issue price of 99,50 percent, the
interest rate could be about 6,2 percent. The president of the Union Bank

85



When I questioned the Defence Force about its tardiness in extending
conscription to women, I was told there was the problem of providing
special facilities. There may be something in that--but I suspect that
male chauvinism has more to do with the foot-dragging.

. 1

Another important aspect of conscription policy is that coloureds and
Indians continue to be excluded from its onerous obligations.

Those who defend this exclusion do so on the ground that people who do
not receive the same rights as whites should not be expected to carry
the same responsibilities as whites.

This is the kind of specious reasoning that Russia uses in its propaganda
to.subvert and weaken our country and I am amazed how many people who
would be horrified at the thought that they are helping to promote
communism publicise this damaging view.

No nation at war--and South Africa is a nation at war--can afford to
discriminate in allocating defence burdens among groups of its citizens
on the basis of actual or perceived differences in civic rights.

If the unequal rights argument is just an excuse being used by coloured
and Indian leaders to avoid the onerous burden of national service for
their communities, then it should be seen as that.

Where coloureds and Indians have genuine doubts about defending "a system"
that they abhor, they should also ask themselves what civic rights, what
prosperity, what human freedoms they could expect should South Africa's
enemies succeed in their aims and impose the alternative system they favour.

In any case, there is no reason why the concept of national service should
be confined to military service. Conscripts (of whatever colour) who
object to bearing arms on political grounds could advantageously be
mobilised in a kind of Peace Corps to bring succour to underprivileged
areas and communities--such as Swapo-ravaged Owambo, for example.

National service should be based on the simple principle that if you benefit
from and are permanently established in South Africa, you have an obligation

to make a contribution to her defence in some form or another. That is an
obligation that transcends barriers of citizenship, sex or race.

csO: 3400/568

39



It is worth noting that other systems of sophisticated technologies applied
to other industries, such as systems for the transmission and distribution
of electricity, electronic equipment, high-tension proving grounds, tech-
nical communication systems, telephones, primary and auxiliary telephone
systems, transmitters and receivers, radio-telephone installations and
antennas can be seen at the GDR exposition in Luanda.

12402
CSO: 3442/234



FIERCE COMPETITION IN FERTILIZER INDUSTRY REPORTED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 11 Jan 84 p 7M

[Text]

‘The fertiliser industry
has entered an era of

average of four percent
put quantity and other
competitive i ts
will keep the real price to
the farmer more or less
‘at the same level as last

year.

‘The entry of Sasol into
the fertiliser market and
the effects of the drought
have created a buyer’s
market, the spokesman
said.

With price and import
controls gone, the ferti-
liser companies have to
sell to the farmer at ap-
proximately the price at
which the customer could

have imported his re-
quirements himself.

CSO: 3400/568

Increasing world
prices, exchange rate
fluctuations, and an ex-
pected 10 percent rise in
rail charges as from
March and also a
stronger demand after a
good maize crop could
send the price up again
this year.

Some companies are-
selling at today's prices
for delivery and payment
in July.

With the race now on
for the 1984-85 market,
companies are treating
the cost of working below
capacity as a loss and
charging only -reduced
overheads. Modern. cost
accounting is being
adopted throughout the
industry.

~ Industrywide solidarity
has been discarded and
fhe fumetions of the Fertl-
ety might be

scaled down. migh
It is understood that

67

SOUTH AFRICA

this is one of the reasons
for the early retirement
of the Fertiliser Society's
chief executive, Dr HC
Luitingh, who has for 17
years tried to build a co-
ordinating body for the
industry on the principle
of rationalisation rather
than competition.

The National Maize
Producers’ Organisation
(Nampo) said it was well
satisfied with the present
situation in the fertiliser

industry. .

If it codld maintain its
competitive spirit it was
exactly what Nampo had
always tried to encour-

If prices go up on a
basis,

this. Price fluctuations
shouldbe cushioned, how-
ever, by introducing a
market for future deli-
veries so that farmers



Agriculture Minister Speaks

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Jan 84 p 10

[Article by Keith Abendroth]

THE Minister of Agriculture, Mr J
3 G Wentzel, announced yesterday
‘that he intended to Introduce a
master plan white paper In Parila-
ment this year to act as a basis for
positive, well motivated agricul-

» tural planning for the future.

Formally opening the Agricultural
Outlook Summit Conference in Pre-
toria, Mr Wentzel said that a solid plan
was needed now to help agriculture Te-
cover from the worst drought in mem-

ory.
Among certain recommendations be-

.ing considered, he said were the revision

of export promotion measures for agri-
cultural products; investigation into the
possibility of continuous rationalisation

OFFICIALS ADDRESS AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK SUMMIT CONFERENCE
[Text]
-and' coordination of agricultural prod-

ucts; an in depth investigation into the
export potential of the Republics main
agricultural .export industries, linked
with appropriate aid measures if necess-
ary and effective measures to curb the
sharp increase in the cost of farming re-
quired to restore the competitiveness of
agricultural exports to an acceptable le-
vel.

Dalry threat

Meanwhile, in the dairy industry,
farmers are facing a major and ever
growing threat from the importation of

+ solid milk substitues.

49

‘The Dairy Board said: “A very close
look” was now being taken at import
control and levies with the aim of placing
the imported product on the same price
level as the local product.

It told the conference that vast sur-
pluses of fresh and industrial milk had
been built up in the 1982/83 season and
as a result, the Board was developing a
market sharing system to protect the sta-
ble producers.

Severe drought

At the same time, the overall number
of milk producers in South Africa was
continuing to decrease, although pro-
docon pr produ was contig

Nevertheless, despite all the negative
factors, the future of the industry would
be one of growth and promise the Board
added.

Fresh produce
On the vegetable front, South Africa’s
fresh produce markets are facing severe
difficulties — if not extinction — at the
hands of the growing chain store groups.

SOUTH AFRICA


USE OF BRITISH-MADE SKYSHIP REMAINS MYSTERY

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL BUSINESS DAY in English 20 Jan 84 p 2

{Article by Simon Willson]

[Text]

DELIVERY of South Africa’s
first airship is only weeks
away and its maiden flight
will open a new era in com-
mercial transport.

Placo, a general aviation com-
pany based at Rand Airport, Ger-
miston, has ordered the craft on
behalf of an unnamed customer
from Britain’s Airship Industries.

Placo’s managing director, Mr
Colin Cohen, said yesterday his
company was still putting togeth-
er the financial package behind
the airship purchase. Syndicating
the cost of the project started at
the end of last year.

“We are also still waiting for
the manufacturer to obtain certi-
fication for all the requirements
to be met by the airship. We have
applied for certification in pas-
senger-carrying, freight-carry-
ing, aerial work and maritime
and ground surveying,” Mr Cohen
said.

There has never been ‘an at-
tempt in Africa to operate an air-
ship commercially.

Mr Cohen said the buyer had
asked not to be identified. The
company also wanted the cost of
the craft and the functions intend-
ed for it to remain confidential.

It is understood, however, that
the craft is Airship Industries’

Skyship model costing R3,4m,
carries 20 passengers or several
tons of freight.

The manufacturer describes
the Skyship 600 as a multi-role
maritime support vehicle that
can cruise at 72,5km/h for 40
hours. :

The 600 model is the updat
version of the helium-filled Sky-
ship 500, of which two are in ser-
vice.

One Skyship 500 is on regular
station at the Paris Air Show and
the other is under a R1,7m con-
tract to the US Government.

Before their rehabilitation in
the late 1970s airships had not
flown commercially since the

cso;

German-built Zeppelins before
the Second World War. .

The fuel-price increases of the
1970s turned aviation researchers
back to airships which use a lot
less fuel for the same payload

although the journey takes much

longer.

Cohen said there were
several formalities to be complet-
ed before airships could enter

. Tegular service in SA. The De-

3400/596

partment of Civil Aviation had
not yet established airships’ sta-
tus.

“For the moment we are as-
suming that, if we behave like
aeroplanes, we will be able to op-
erate from the same places as

conventional aeroplanes and heli-
copters. We also have to approach
the Receiver of Revenue to estab-
lish our eligibility for tax allow-
ances, since airships are neither
aeroplanes nor ships.”

Mr Cohen said the business
community would not be unaware
for long of the airship’s commer-
cial versatility:

One particularly topical use
would be, for example, as a mo-
bile relay station for television
Si

“If any homeland television
service wants to broadcast a nar-
row-beam TV transmission it
need look no further than an air-

ip.

47



NRP GROUP PLANS TO PROBE STATUS OF BLACKS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 21 Jan 84 p 2

[Text]

cso:

3400/584

DURBAN. — The New
Republic Party is to es-
tablish a multi-racial, al
party commission to in-
vestigate the position of
urban and non-homeland
Blacks.

At its annual general
meeting yesterday. the
Party's Federal Council
decided to instruct its
constitutional committee
to renew consulations and
negotiations with Black
leaders as the first step to-
wards establishing the
commission.

Mr Andrew Pyper, the
chairman of the Federal
Council, said in a state-
ment issued after the
meeting that the project
would be launched under
the chairmanship of Pro-
fessor Dan Kriek of the
Department of Political
Science at Unisa.

The commission would
be similar in composition
to the Government-ap-
pointed Erika Theron
commission that investi-
gated the position of the
country’s Coloureds, Mr
Pyper said.

Different political par-
ties and members of all
race groups would be rep-
resented on the proposed
NRP commission, he
added.

The NRP viewed the
position of the urban and
non-homeland Blacks as a
matter of the greatest ur-
gency and believed that
“even greater reform”
than that envisaged in the
new Constitution Act was
necessary to ensure “real
security” in South Africa.

It was for this reason
that the party had decided
to take the first step to-
wards establishing _ its
commission, which would
act independently of the
Government Cabinet
Committee investigating
the position of urban
Blacks, Mr Pyper said.

Mr Vause Raw was re-
elected leader of the New
Republic Party and Mr
‘Andrew Pyper was re-
elected chairman of the
party's Federal Council.
Dr Frans Cronje was ap-
pointed treasurer of the
party, the NRP said in a
statement. — Sapa.

53

SOUTH AFRICA



SOUTH AFRICA

ALCOHOL LINKED TO HIGH CRIME RATE IN SOWETO
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 17 Jan 84 p 7
[Article by Margaretha Gossen]

[Text] VIOLENT death dominates the face of crime in Soweto--last year 1 408
such deaths were registered and, according to statistics, a little more than
50% of the killings are solved annually.

According to the Divisional Commissioner of Police in Soweto, Brigadier D J
D Jacobs, and Criminal Investigations Department chief, Brigadier J J Viktor,
alcohol is still the main culprit in Soweto's unnatural deaths.

This is proved by blood counts taken in all cases, which often exceeds the
prescribed 0,08% limit by as much as two, three or four times.

In a recent interview at the Protea police station, Brigadiers Viktor and
Jacobs outlined the prevailing patterns of the deaths--and the difficulties
they face in solving them.

According to them:

--The role of alcohol is indisputable. Most deaths occur at weekends, but over
quiet weekends--especially just after New Year, when there is little money and
shebeen owners are on holiday--violent deaths are minimal.

--The majority of violent deaths are not premeditated but follow spontaneous
arguwitents, often at shebeens.

--In the many cases where people are picked up dead in the street--sometimes
near a shebeen--it is very hard to find a motive, which is seldom robbery.

~-In 90% of the cases a knife--mostly those that sell very cheaply--is used.

--Firearms are generally used in revenge killings resulting from feuds between
families. It often happens that the killer makes a special journey from a
rural area.

--A firearm is very much a symbol of power. A new owner might want to see how
his weapon works and might kill innocent people approaching him or get easily
provoked.

57



Ann Flayser continued: "But I would not turn down a scholarship from the United
States. I could spread the ANC's message there."

Political Education

SOMAFCO's students are not just “ordinary" students but also "political" stu-
dents, she emphasizes. Political discussions are held every Friday, and every
day the students listen to various radio stations and analyze the messages in
those broadcasts. Committees have been formed for sports, movies, excursions,
record collections, and so on so that SOMAFCO's students can use their free
time effectively.

Ann Flayser says: "In contrast to the ANC's military branch, our job is to mo-
bilize the members politically." :

SOMAFCO's principal, Tim Maseko, is very pleased with the chance to welcome
visitors from Sweden.

"Friends," he says. "We know that the South African racists say this is a
military training camp. But look around you! This is quite simply a school
where we take in children who have been forced to flee their homeland."

Expansion Planned

Construction of SOMAFCO began in 1977 after the Tanzanian Government promised
the ANC its support following the race riots the year before. A substantial
piece of additional land was parceled out a year or'so ago, and expansion of
the school is underway.

Feverish construction activity is going on under Africa's burning midday sun.
Mohammed Tickly showed us the new units: a poultry farm, a dairy, a hog farm,
the grain silo, and so on.

When everything is completed, 2,500 people--twice as many as today--will live
in the area. Another school for a total of 5,000 people is being planned in
adjoining Dakawa.

Mohammed Tickly says: "We are hoping for sizable aid from Sweden."

"The goal is self-sufficiency. Today we already grow about 30 percent of our
food, and eventually we hope to have to buy only such things as kerosene, sugar,
and school supplies," says Mohammed Tickly. He says that all the furniture is
made in SOMAFCO's carpentry shop, where the students are allowed to work 2 hours
a day and on their days off.

"Many people ask us why we are building such permanent facilities when we are
hoping, after all, that we won't have to stay very long. We answer that we are
not thinking only of ourselves, but of Tanzania. We will give the school to
this country as evidence of its friendship with the ANC."

45



ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

INSTITUTE GRADUATES 25 TECHNICIANS--Twenty-five technicians yesterday received
certificates on completion of a three-month junior technicianship and outside
plant maintenance course at the telecommunications branch training institute
on Debre Zeit Road. Of the graduates, 15 took the junior technicianship and
ten the outside plant maintenance course given for three months and three
weeks respectively. Certificates of the graduates were handed over by Comrade
Girma Engdayehu, General Manager of the Ethiopian Telecommunications Authority,
who underscored the role telecommunications play in the socio-economic de-
velopment of both developed and developing countries. . In a similar develop-
ment, the Maj. Gen. Mulugeta Buli Technical Institute in Holeta Genet graduates
its 13th batch of trainees yesterday who completed three years of technical
training in various fields. The graduating batch drawn from the ground, air
and naval forces were trained as general mechanics, in woodworks, industrial
electricity and foundary and also followed ideological education. Diplomas
were given to the graduates by Comrade Brig. Gen. Alemayehu Desta, Head of the
Training Section of the Ministry of National Defence. (ENA) [Excerpt]

[Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 15 Jan 84 p 1]

STAR WORKERS AWARDED PRIZES--Thirty-four star workers of the main transport
department of Eritrea region in Asmara have been awarded prizes and certifi-
cates for their outstanding performances during the 1975 Ethiopian year.
Certificates and prizes were handed out last week by Comrade Merid Nigussie,
Chief Administrator of Eritrea region, to the star workers. The Chief Ad-
ministrator lauded the meritorious workers for maintaining and repairing trans-
port vehicles which were abandoned and made out of use through their own init-
dative and creative ability. Present at the ceremony were Comrade Yishak
Tsegay, Deputy Administrator of Eritrea region, departmental heads of the
regional administration office and employees of the transport department.
Similarly, prizes and certificates were awarded here. yesterday to star workers
of the Ethiopian Paper Converting Plant and the Futura Furniture Factory (3 F)
here for their meritorious contributions in raising production during the 1975
Ethiopian year. ‘Twelve star workers and 22 others with exemplary discipline
from the Ethiopian Paper Converting plant were given prizes and certificates
by Comrade Gesit Tetchane, representative of the Addis Ababa Zone three COPWE
office, and Comrade Yilma Adamu, General Manager of the Ethiopian Printing
Corporation. Thirteen star workers of the Futura Furniture Factory received
prizes and certificates from Comrade Arega Gebre-Tsadik, COPWE representative
of Higher 19 urban dwellers association, and Comrade Worku Wondimu, General
Manager of the Ethiopian Woodworks Corporation. (ENA) [Text] [Addis Ababa
THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 15 Jan 84 pp 1, 5]

17



SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT URGED TO IMPROVE HUMAN RIGHTS RECORD
Kimberley DIAMOND FIELDS ADVERTISER in English 6 Jan 84 p 13
JEditorial: "A 'Partly Free' Society"]

[Text] The American human rights body, Freedom House, has reviewed its
rating on South Africa's political and civil rights and has upgraded it
from a ‘not free' to a ‘partly free’ country.

This change, says Freedom House, is on the basis of an increased assertion
of freedom by people of South Africa, rather than of changes in government
attitudes.

Freedom House, which describes itself as a ‘non-partisan organisation devoted
to the strengthening of free societies,' says it hopes the new judgement on
South Africa will encourage the forces of freedom.

This assessment of us as a 'partly free' country will be viewed by many as
spurious, especially in the light of our oppressive racialistic laws.

The human rights group itself asserts that we are an oppressive society
which does not give all citizens the chance to express open dissent from
official positions.

And yet, in this land of strange contradictions, we are ‘partly free."

This is because whites DO have greater freedom of movement than blacks and
freedom of association for all--in the man--has racial limits.

Yet on a continent where freedom is just a slogan--Freedom House rates only
three African countries (Botswana, Mauritius and Nigeria before the New
Year coup) as free--South Africa is more free than most.

And nowhere more so than in its Press. Freedom House recognises this by
promoting South Africa to partly free as an encouragement to the ‘increased
assertion of freedom by citizens.'

It also says that the limits of liberty are currently being stretched by
irrepressible forces within our society.

It redounds to our discredit that the extension of personal liberties must
be fought for against a government more in tandem with selfish sectional
interests than with a commitment to significantly improve the status of all
the citizens.

cso: 3400/568 35



SPENDTHRIFTS THREATEN SA GROWTH, SAYS BANK

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 11 Jan 84 p 10M

[Article by Malcoim Fothergill]

[Text]

cso:

The erosion of thrift is threatening South
Africa’s economic growth and therefore
employment, Volkskas warns in its latest
Economic Spotlight.

“The course of the personal savings ratio
during the past few years undoubtedly indi-
cates that the average person’s propensity
to save is being seriously eroded.

“The extent to which many individuals
are prepared to use credit to satisfy their
desire to buy borders on recklessness in the
handling of their personal financial af-
fairs.”

Lack of thrift causes problems when un-
foreseen obligations arise, “particularly if a
large proportion of future earnings is
pawned in advance” to discharge debts.

“It is a remarkable fact that unemploy-
ment generally is low, a satisfactory aver-
age economic growth rate is maintained,
balance of payments problems are kept in
check and price rises are much less of a
problem in those countries where a sound
level of personal savings is sustained.”

Volkskas says that if population growth
is taken into account it appears that per
capita living standards declined in South
Africa by about 13 percent during the past
three years, making it more difficult for the
man in the street to balance his budget.

3400/568

66

“Analyses have shown that since 1981 the
rate of increase in real private consump-
tion expenditure has almost consistently
exceeded the growth rate of real personal
disposable income... .

“In plain language, this means that, on
average, the man in the street has been
spending proportionately more than the in-
crease in his disposable income.”

Historically, individuals saved an aver-
age of about 10 percent a year, but this
percentage has declined considerably since

“In 1982 the propensity to save was 3,8
percent, while in 1980 it was still about
seven percent.

_ “On the basis of figures available for the
first nine months of 1983, it seems... the
personal savings ratio will reach an histori-
cal low for the year as a whole.”

Among the factors responsible for the
drop in individual savings, says Volkskas,
are the slower rate of increase in nomi-
nal pay rates, the decline in net income
from farming, the high inflation rate, high
interest rates, the aggressive marketing of
bank credit, inflationary expectations, and
the relatively rapid increase in the pay of
the lower-income groups,


Inclusion of Coloureds, Indians in National Service
Advocated
(Martin Spring; THE STAR, 11 Jan 84).

Radio Comments on Reagan Decision To Run Again
(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 31 Jan 84) ........

Secrecy Surrounding SADF's Role in Angola Hit
(Hermann Giliomee; RAND DAILY MAIL, 14 Jan 84).....

Swedish Reporter Visits SOMAFCO, ANC School in Tanzania
(Karin Henriksson; SVENSKA DAGBLADET, 9 Jan 84)....

Use of British-Made Skyship Remains Mystery
(Simon Willson; RAND DAILY MAIL BUSINESS DAY,

20 Jan 84) .cccecccccccccccccccccccccvcncccsssccsees

Teaching of Vernacular at Indian Schools Welcomed
(Bobby Harrypersadh; POST NATAL, 11-15 Jan 84).....

Officials Address Agricultural Outlook Summit Conference
(THE CITIZEN, 19 Jan 84) ..ccccccccccccccccccccecces

Agriculture Minister Speaks, by Keith Abendroth
Farmers Hold Key to World Peace

Buthelezi's Curbs on Natal University Students Reported
(THE CITIZEN, 18, 21 Jan 84)....cccsaccceccccceccce

Academic Freedom Threatened
Press Hit

NRP Group Plans To Probe Status of Blacks
(THE CITIZEN, 21 Jan 84).ccecececccccccccccccecccce

Water Curbs in Natal Lifted
(Tim Clarke; THE CITIZEN, 21 Jan 84)......cccesceee

Possibility of Quitting Whaling Commission Discussed
(Nick Carter; THE CAPE TIMES, 9 Jan 84).

Alcohol Linked to High Crime Rate in Soweto
(Margaretha Gossen; RAND DAILY MAIL, 17 Jan 84)....

Nedbank, Allied Decline Comment on Secret Talks
(Howard Preece; RAND DAILY MATL BUSINESS DAY,
20 Jan 84) .ccsccccccccccccccccccscecsccccresesesses

Rains in Maize-Producing Areas Could Save Millions
(Malcolm Fothergill; THE STAR, 12 Jan 84)....eeseee

38

40

42

44

47

48

49

51

53

54

55

57

60

61



HANHILL INDUSTRIES' ASSAULT ON EXPLOSIVES MARKET ENDS

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL BUSINESS DAY in English 18 Jan 84 p 1

[Article by John Mulcahy]

[Text] HANHILL Industries’
much-vaunted assault on
the explosives market

seems to have ended.

It is believed a deal was con-

cluded yesterday b:
acquire National Ex-
plosives for R20m.

The deal is subject to approval by
the Competition Board which, by
late yesterday, had not been for-
mally approached on the issue.

An AECI spokesman said he
could neither confirm nor deny a
deal had been done and Mr Oliver
Hill, Hanhill’s managing director,
declined to comment.

Hanhill_has a 25% stake in
National Explosives with the re-
maining 75% held by
National Process Industries.

Sources in the chemical industry
said the sale to AECI came after
several weeks of hectic bargaining,
during which Protea Holdings

as an outright bidder for

They described R20m as a “most
favourable” price for National Ex-
plosives and said that, even if the
company were offered to others in
the chemical industry at this price,
it would be unlikely to attract a

buyer.

e others (in the chemical in-
dustry) have enough problems with-
ium for an infant
in the explosives industry.”

The sources claimed that AECI
was forced to react to Protea’s
presence because, with Sanlam’s

icking, it could have presented
formidable competition in the ex-

AECI wi

out paying a

plosives field.

69

It is likely that, if the AECI deal
is successfully concluded and the
bulk of the proceeds flow through to
NPI, the latter will apply its funds
to assist Hanhill.

Mr Hill rejected Johannesburg
Stock Exchange speculation that

- Barclays Bank had threatened to

foreclose on Hanhill’s overdraft.

Over many years Mr Hill battled
to break ’s stranglehold on the
lucrative explosives industry but
was thwarted until 1982 when the
Competition Board ruled that AE-

-.CPs explosive. supply’ agreement

with the Chamber of Mines was il-
legal.

Hanbhill’s share price soared to
230c from 145¢ on the day the Com-
petition Board released its ruling on
the explosive supply agreement,
and reached a ugh of 270c, but the
subsequent drought led to a collapse
in the fertilizer market, from which
Hanhill draws the bulk of its in-
come, and the share price slumped
to 80c at one stage last year, before
recavering to 145c in the first week
of this year.

Speculation surrounding Hanhill

yesterday ranged from imminent
foreclosure by its bankers to the
impending sale of its entire fertiliz-
er stock. The share price plunged to
‘Te from 125c.

Mr Hill said he had had discus-
sions with Barclays and the conclu-
sion reached was that Hanhill was
overgeared. This had left only two

ions ‘open e company: a
rights issue to raise fands or the
sale of some assets,

.,. Trying to raise money for a fer-
tilizer producer in this economic

SOUTH AFRICA



SOUTH AFRICA

RADIO COMMENTARY ON REPELLING ‘SOVIET ONSLAUGHT!
MB310919 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 31 Jan 84 ..4:
[Station Commentary: "A South African Display of Soviet Arms"]

[Text] The full extent of South Africa's recent successful raid on SWAPO bases
in southern Angola has been laid bare with a display in Cape Town on Friday of
hyper-sophisticated Soviet weapons seized during the operation. The display
of these weapons is significant in more ways than one. It is the first time
that the Russian-made SAM-9 mobile missile launching system has fallen into
anticommunist hands. Together with an AGS-17 automatic grenade launcher and
other weapons, as well as battle maps and documents in Russian and Portuguese,
the display represents further (?proof) of Soviet intentions in Southern
Africa. .

There is no way that weapons of this caliber are required merely for Angola's
defense. Besides which, South Africa has no fight with Angola,’ as has been
stated repeatedly. South African Defense Force incursions into southern Angola
are carried out with one objective only: The eradication of SWAPO strongholds.
South Africa's fight is with SWAPO. It cannot allow SWAPO terrorists to take
over South-West Africa through violence and intimidation. And, because SWAPO
plans and launches its attacks on South-West Africa from southern Angola, it
is necessary for South Africa's defense force to enter southern Angola and
destroy SWAPO bases.

This situation is being exploited by the Soviet Union in typical fashion to
gain control of the world's strategic areas. The Kremlin already has Angola
in its grip through propping up the MPLA Government with its Cuban surrogate
force. Together, the Soviet Union, the Cubans, and other Eastern Bloc forces
are supporting SWAPO in an attempt to install a marxist government in Windhoek.
Should they succeed, Soviet control of the entire subcontinent will be made
very much easier.

It is this scenario which South Africa is committed to prevent. And with the
seizing of the sophisticated Soviet weapons, it will be in a better position
to develop counter measures in dealing with the Soviet onslaught. This on-
slaught is no figment of the imagination. It is a very real threat to the
whole of Southern Africa, one which no government in the subcontinent can
afford to take lightly.

csO: 3400/599 68



OFS GEDULD GOLD MINE HIT BY MYSTERIOUS FIRES

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL BUSINESS DAY in English 16 Jan 84 pl

[Article by Brendan Ryan]

[Text ]

ANGLO American Corpo-
ration’s Free State Geduld
gold mine, near Welkom,
has been hit by three mys-
terious fires since Christ-
mas.

The fires could cause a drop
in production of 50 000 tons of
ore from the mine in the quarter
to March. .

This would be a fall of about 5%
on the mine’s average quarterly
production of about 1-million tons
milled.

The production is not lost in the
long term as the mine can go back
and take the ore out once the fire is
over and operations in the area re-
established.

Al three fires have been sealed
off.

Two are in worked-out areas of
the mine and have caused no disrup-
tion to operations.

However, the third and latest,
discovered on January 2, started in
a producing stope on 53 level on the
eastern side of the No 2 shaft.

No one was injured in the fires.

Informed sources say the fires
may be linked to employee discon-

CSO: 3400/596

tent at working on holidays over the
Christmas period. This view has
been rejected by the FSG managing
director, Mr Guy Young.

“There has been no worker unrest
or dissatisfaction on Free State Ge-
duld that has come to our atten-
tion,” he says.

“You cannot rule out the possibil-
ity at any time of a worker holding
a grudge against the company or a
superior for whatever personal rea-
sons.

“However, I have no evidence to
connect a dissatisfied or unhappy
worker with the fires.”

Mr Young says the cause of only
one of the fires is known so far. He
has declined to give cite the cause
as investigations are still being con-
ducted.

He says the cause of fires which
start periodically in worked-out
areas of gold mines are largely un-
known.

“Nobody knows the reasons for
more than half the fires which
break out in the worked-out areas.

“However, the incidence of fires
is traditionally higher at this time
of year than at other times.”

When mining ceases in a section
of a gold mine, the wooden supports
are left in place in the worked-out
stopes.

71

Over time the pressure of the
thousands of metres of rock bearing
down on the mine workings crushes
the supports.

Depending on depth, the floor and
roof of the workings could be forced
together again by the pressure.

“The incidence of fires on any
gold mine is clearly a worry to us.
While Free State Geduld is not
known as a problem mine for fires,
the record shows there were six
fires in 1979, four in 1980, three in
1981, seven in 1982 and five last
year.”

Mr Young says damage to the
mine in the affected areas can only
be assessed once the fires have
burnt out and the areas re-opened.

Stoping teams in the working
area hit by the fire have been relo-
cated in other parts of the mine.

FSG milled 3,849-million tons of
ore in the year to September 1983
and produced 26,9 tons of gold
worth R415,5m.

The mine is considering a 65 000
tons-a-month extension to its treat-
ment plant and a similar increase in
mining capacity, at an estimated
cost of R143m.

A decision on the project is ex-
pected this month. If the go-ahead is
given, R37,6m will be spent on it in
the financial year to September.



NAMIBIA

ZAMBIA TO REVOKE CANU MEMBERS' DEPORTATION ORDERS
Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 29 Dec 83 p 1
[Text] WA-Sapa-Reuter

Lusaka: Zambia has decided to revoke deportation orders served on members
of the Caprivi African National Union, the Minister of Home Affairs, Mr
Frederik Chomba, said yesterday.

In an interview with the ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, Mr Chomba said, "although we are
rescinding the action, this does not give them a green light to engage
themselves in inimical activities".

CANU, which split from Swapo in 1980, is ‘not recognised by the Zambian
Government. Many of its members want the Caprivi strip in north-eastern
Namibia to.form an independent country.

"any action that will not be in the interest of the Zambian Government will
be dealt with accordingly," the Minister told the government newspaper.

He said deportation orders were served on CANU members because they had
engaged in activities counter to the interests of the Zambian Government.
The orders are thought to have been served on about a dozen people.

The expulsion of former Swapo Vice-President Mr Mishake Muyongo from execu-
tive positions in both Swapo in 1980 and CANU this year, brought about many
squabbles, reports our Political Reporter.

CANU Foreign Affairs Director-General, Mr Ernest Likando, recently set out
the background to the problems in a lengthy statement titled 'Why changes
in CANU leadership hierarchy'?

A merger between Swapo and CANU since 1964 was broken in 1980 after leader-
ship differences.

After the split and while CANU was reorganising itself, Mr Muyongo accused
two of his top aides, Mr Chibeya Simasiku and Mr Lemmy Matengu of plotting
against him.


labour, provision of local materials for the buildings and nominal financial
assistance as the situation demands.

Comrade Hailu said there is a pedagogical centre in each of the 11 provincial
administrative capitals, whose objectives are to promote educational activities.
These centres undertake the training of teachers, conduct workshops and con-
ferences for educational personnel. The centres also carry out studies and
research work, draw up local ucrriculum and are responsible for the preparation
and distribution of teaching aids to schools in their respective provinces.

Stressing further popular participation in the construction of schools, Comrade
Hailu praised workers of Metahara and Wonji sugar factories and the inhabitants
of Tchebo-Guragie, Haikotch-Butajira, Kembatta and Hadlya who had built second-
ary schools using funds raised by themselves. He also praised the popular
particupation in the area of extension of existing schools.

cso: 3400/595

14



MOZAMBIQUE

PETROMOC TRAINS EMPLOYEES IN SPECIALIZED FIELDS
Security Guards
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 13 Dec 83 p 1

[Krticle by Marcelino Silva/

[Text] Forty workers have been taking a course at the PETROMOC [Mozambique
Petroleum Company/ refinery facilities in Matola since the beginning of
December 1983, They are being trained to be safety and security guards.
whose main task, as our reporters.learned from a source in PETROMOC's
training center, will be to protect the facilities, initiate preventive
measures and fight accidental fires.

This 9 month course is divided into four phases, Each phase of the training
deals with specific areas.

The first phase provides the basics for protecting the facilities and the
importance they have, given their strategic economic importance.

The next phase teaches the trainees about the company's main activity.

The third phase is aimed at integrating the trainees in the facilities'
security forces. As the head of the PETROMOC Training Center, Ribeiro
Nhantumbo, said, "The main objective of having the trainees join those al-
ready on duty is to allow them to become familiar with the task they are be-
ing trained to perform."

The next to last phase of the training is aimed at completely integrating
the trainees in the daily activities of each field of safety and security
while they continue to attend theoretical classes.

90 Day Assessment Period

After 6 months of training, the future members of the safety and security
force will go through a 90-day assessment process.

In explaining some of the reasons behind the scheduling of rather long
courses, the head of the refinery's technical division, Edmundo Fernando

20



In addition to its regular activities, the enterprise is looking for other
types of gum-yielding trees. The manager said we are collecting such trees,
as well as leaves and flowers of others for further identification. The gum-
yielding trees so far known belong to the Boswellia, comiphora and the acacia
species.

The manager indicated that production of natural gum in Ethiopia is estimated
at only five per cent of the actual potential. He gave a number of reasons
for it. These included lack of trained manpower, the harsh weather in the
production areas and lack of good knowledge on the part of the people about
the values of these products.

The enterprise is directly involved in the production of natural gum in Gojjam
and Wollega regions, where it has a working force of over 4,000 people engaged
in tapping and collection of gum throughout the year. In the area of cleaning
and grading (processing), the enterprise has employed around 1,500 workers
that are serving at its plants in Gojjam, Wollega, Gondar and Nazareth.

Comrade Michael said if we are to exploit the nation's natural gum resources
a minimum of 82,000 workers will be required only for tapping and collecting.
He said the future plan of the enterprise is to have the grading and cleaning
of the natural gum in the production areas and at the same time bearing their
names.

cso: 3400/595

16



Mr Likando alleged that Mr Muyongo then handpicked Mr Gideon Matengu, his
cousin, as his closest aide.

"Muyongo started travelling with him on secret and unauthorised missions
without the knowledge of the CANU leadership.

"In October 1982, Muyongo confused the cadres by fabricating stories to his
South African Defence Force masters that Simasiku and Matengu were communists
and that they wanted to convert CANU into a communist member party," Mr
Likando alleged.

The two CANU leaders were placed in a very poor light, he said.

Mr Likando said Muyongo expelled the two leaders in December 1982 without
the knowledge of the CANU members.

"On February 5, 1983, we nullified the expulsion. We challenged Muyongo to
meet us anywhere in Botswana for discussions.

"He did not respond to the challenge, but adopted a threatening attitude,"
Mr Likando said.

Mr Muyongo was expelled from CANU as president on May 31, 1983 and accused
of the following:

.That his unauthorised secret contacts with the enemy was orchestrated by
an international outcast state in Southern Africa;

.That he ran the affairs of CANU single-handedly and had allegedly betrayed
the people of the Caprivi strip (Itenge);

.That he was instrumental in the merging of CANU with Swapo (in 1964) with-
out consulting the people of Caprivi;

.That he embezzled party funds and misused aid given by sympathisers from
abroad and, in so doing, disregarding the suffering Caprivians at home; and

.That he refused to recognise leaders elected at a CANU congress held in
Caprivi in May 1982, where he was elected President.

Mr Muyongo allegedly assumed a dictatorial 'Idi Amin' style by expelling
brilliant members and by drafting a constitution making himself the ‘supremo’
without a deputy.

Mr Muyongo's mistrust of others and the lack of cooperation he had shown had
destroyed relations between him, CANU and the Frontline states, Mr Likando
alleged.

Mr Chibeya Simasiku has taken over as the new President of CANU. He is based
in Lusaka.

CsO: 3400/520
29



POW's lie in the hospital side by side with wounded Eritreans. I was
personally present when an Ethiopian POW was operated on. Many of them
required blood transfusions, and often it is blood from Eritreans which
they receive," states Henning Morch.

On His Own

On several occasions he talked with POW's on his own, without EPLF people in
the vicinity. Many of them are Ethiopian students who speak good English.
He also traveled around in the base area and saw the manner in which the
various groups of prisoners lived.

Released

Three thousand of the prisoners are in fact no longer really POW's; they
were released last year and live out of confinement now in the EPLF's base
areas. They have been issued a "pass' from EPLF that they are free, and they
can also travel to the neighboring country, Sudan. But they do not return
to Ethiopia. Certain death awaits them there. The Mengistu regime does not
acknowledge that EPLF has POW's, and a group of 500, who some years ago
returned, became interned in camps - and subsequently have "disappeared."

"The freed prisoners have built up their ow villages with stone houses. Here
they are attempting to contribute to their own maintenance with small
vegetable gardens and some hens. These are Ethiopians who have been with
EPLF since 1977 and 1978. EPLF and the prisoners themselves emphasize

that they must remain active. Those who become inactive become apathetic and
i11. I met Ethiopians who worked in EPLF's offices and printing shops, and
who participated in highway and building construction. They said that they
themselves wanted to work."

Political Training
[Question] "How long must they have been with EPLF in order to be freed?"

[Answer] "After they have completed a political training, they are freed upon
the evaluation of their own Ethiopian comrades. It can take either a long

or a short time. The Ethiopian prisoners themselves call it education, and
they seem to be extremely pleased with what they have learned. They are
discovering for the first time that they have acquired a perspective of

what is happening."

[Question] "What does the prisoners' instruction deal with?"

[Answer] "They learn everything from how to read and write their own language
--Amharic--to Eritrean and Ethiopian history. They learn about the Super
Powers and about how they use countries such as Ethiopia in their games.

EPLF lays great emphasis on the fact that allEthiopians are their brothers,
with whom they one day will stand together in the fight."

11



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

PALABORA COPPER OUTPUT--PALABORA Mining's copper production rose to 126 181
tons in the year ended December from 116 314 tons in 1982. Sales of copper
were slightly higher at 124 211 tons (122 345) but sales of magnetite dropped
to 66 277 tons (96 473). Sales of uranium concentrates rose to 161 296 kg

(157 572) but sulphuric acid sales dropped to 109 734 tons (111 106) and
vermiculite sales to 124 263 tons (155 018). Copper production for the year
included 1 328 tons purchased from outside sources compared with outside pur-
chases of 117 tons in 1982. Palabora said the increase in copper production
was largely due to the additional refining necessary to reduce to normal levels
the high level of unrefined anode copper stocks on hand at the beginning of the
year. Magnetite and vermiculite sales were lower--reflecting the recessionary
conditions experienced by industries using these products. Palabora milled
28,9m tons (29,3) of ore at an average grade of 0,51% (0,50%). [Text] [Johan-
nesburg RAND DAILY MAIL BUSINESS DAY in English 19 Jan 84 p 20]

SASOL CONTROLS--SASOL has spent R180m on protecting the Eastern Highveld from
gaseous and liquid pollution, while Escom has a study group to research "acid
rain" and is probing the use of new technology to control air pollution. The
two major coal-burning industries in the Eastern Transvaal reacted yesterday

to the IUCN report which accused them of causing "acid rain" through high
sulphur dioxide emissions. A Sasol spokesman said the company was working on
a new sulphur removal process but it had to be refined before it could be com-
missioned. Sasol said the coal it burned was a small proportion of the total
coal used. Most of the coal was used in gasification and sulphur was ex-
tracted in solid form from gasifiers. In its last annual report, Escom acknow-
ledged the threat of "acid rain". "In view of Escom's generation expansion, a
study group in the environmental section is at present doing research on this
subject. An automated pollution monitoring system has been in operation for a
numb er of years in the Eastern Transvaal and this has been extended to include
the Orange Free State," the report said. [Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL
BUSINESS DAY in English 19 Jan 84 p 7]

IRAN INVITES DURBAN MAN--AN Umlazi community leader, Mr David Gasa, has been
invited by the Ayatollah Khomeini's revolutionary council to attend Iran's fifth
anniversary independance celebrations. Mr Gasa is the first non-Muslim leader
to be invited by the Revolutionary Council. The fiery civic leader is expected
to leave Durban on January 29 and return on February 12. "I am very excited
about going to Iran. I have applied for a passport and hope that I get it. I

83



cso:

3400/596

climate is impossible, so the only
route left open to us was the sale of
assets.” .

Fertilizer industry sources said
yesterday Hanhill had attempted to
sell its stock of urea and potassium,
and had met with limited success
through the sale of some product to
agricultural co-operatives in the

estern Transvaal.

But estimates of Hanhill’s fertil-
izer stocks suggest the company
still has urea and potassium wot
about R18m on its hands, and in a
soft market there are few inter-
ested buyers.

70



POSSIBILITY OF QUITTING WHALING COMMISSION DISCUSSED

Cape Town THE CAPE TIMES in English 9 Jan 84 p 8

SOUTH AFRICA

[Article by Nick Carter, director, South African Affairs, People's Trust
for Endangered Species]

[Text]

REPORTEDLY, the
South African govern-
ment is considering
withdrawal from the In-
ternation Whaling Com-
mission (IWC). While the
decision is a national
prerogative, since it af-
fects an international
body, a non-South Afri-
can view of the issue is
admissible because it
has implications for
others.

Apparently, some
South African circles
consider that since
South Africa ceased
commercial whaling in
1976 and now provides
legal protection for
whales and dolphins in
South African territori-
al waters, there is no
further need for South
Africa to do cetacean
research, and none to
remain in the IWC. If
there is no whaling in-
dustry and no profit in
whales, why belong to
the commission? What's
in it for South Africa?

Indifference

All nations are self in-
terested: however, if
self-interest reaches ap-
parent indifference to
international concerns,
it can be damaging to
one’s interests. “If I'm
not for myself, who'll be

for me? But if I’m for
myself alone, what am
I?” Both are fair ques-
tions.

The second may ex-
plain why nations that
ceased whaling 20 years
ago remain IWC mem-
bers, and why numerous
small countries, such as
Seychelles, that never
made money from whal-
ing, have joined the IWC.
and played significant if
not leading roles in its
affairs.

‘There are, then, other
things in life than rands
and cents. Particularly
when both IWC mem-
bership and whale re-
search are little more
than petty cash items on
a budget such as South
Africa’s.

At first sight, then, ar-
guments to leave on
grounds of economic
self interest are insig-
nificant; unless one is a
miser, of course. At the
1983 IWC meeting ob-
servers and delegates
noted rumours of South
African withdrawal.
Some, like myself,
cared; others did not, or
remarked ‘‘good rid-
dance”.

Voting

All assumed a with-
drawal decision would

55

be related to South Afri-
ca’s abstention on vo-
ting for a moratorium or
ceassation of commer-
cial whaling from 1968
to 1990.

However, unlike the
United States, Mexico,
Panama, Brazil, Jamai-
ca, Switzerland, Britain,
Seychelles and others,
who all have felt various
forms of Japanese diplo-
matic or economic pres-
sure to vote in favour of
continued whaling,
South Africa has not ad-
mitted that any such
pressure has been a fac-
tor in her position at the
IWC. Maybe. Anything is
possible.

Whatever the truth
maybe, if national diplo-
matic dilemmas are to
influence countries to
leave the IWC, the out-
look for international
conservation commis-
sions is barren. If
similar dilemmas arise
affecting other commis-
sions there is, on this
basis, the possibiity that
their membership also
may crumble.

Membership

To name-only two,
there is the Commission
on the Conservation of
Antarctic Marine Living

Resources, and the Con-
vention on International
Trade in Endangered

Species. South Africa
belongs to both.

There is little evi-
dence that more than a
handful of countries
give much more than
public relations priority
to national or interna-
tional conservation, if it
interferes with econom-
ic, industrial or military
matters.

If foreign relations,
too, become a negative
element for conserva-
tion, it is well for con-
servationists to know it,
and continue to forge
strong international
links to counter such
threats.

While preambles to
international conserva-
tion conventions state
ideals, experienced ob-
servers know that de-
bates and discussions
are conducted far from
such levels, and seldom
are elevating in any
sense. One observes,
over the years, many
new IWC commissioners
emerged shocked, if not
demoralized and
stunned, by what goes
on,



delay independence for South
West Africa.

Defending the presence of
‘Cuban troops, the paper says
that the presence of the
Caribbean troops, or for that
matter all other troops on its
territory, is purely a question
of Angolan sovereignty, aris-
ing out of the necessity to de-
fend Angola, and having ab-
solutely nothing to do with
the independence of South
West Africa.

The document claims that
material damage inflicted by
South Africa on Angola, now
totals 12 billion American
dollars. UNITA was being
used for acts of destruction,
vandalism, and from bases
inside South West Africa
UNITA raiders were under-
taking missions of assassina-
tion. These acts of murder
and destruction were inten-
sified after the coming of
power in Washington of
President Reagan.

In support of these claims,
the document cites a book
written by John Stockwell, a
one-time head of a Central
Intelligence Agency group ac-
tive in Angola. In his book
titled In Search of Enemies
Stockwell, the document
states, makes a telling judg-
ment of the acts perpetrated
by UNITA.

The document quotes
Stockwell’s observation that
while UNITA military units
may gain some armed vic-
tories in their sorties in
Angola, in general terms the
we launched by UNITA was
lost.

cso: 3400/567

The newly released docu-
ment summarising condi-
tions, also deals with the
origin of UNITA and pur-
ports to set out how South
African aid had created the
fighting cadres of that move-
ment which the Luanda
Government decribes as a
bandit organisation and a
pawn in the South African
power struggle, while
Pretoria at the same time tries
to depict the UNITA group
as an Angolan dissident fac-
tion fighting a guerrilla war
against socialism.

Citing reports from the war
zone in the border region of
South West Africa and th:
deep south of Angola, the
document claims that thrusts
made by FAPLA units are
showing more and more
favourable results. It claims
that during the course of 1983
large quantities of war
material were captured from
the invaders and the
‘bandits’, and adds that more
than 11 000 people who had
been kidnaped by the enemy,
were freed.

Also retrieved, according
to the document, were 10 000
head of cattle which the
UNITA ‘puppets’ had stolen
from Angolan peasants and
which they were trying to
take to their support bases in-
side South West Africa.

The document makes the
very interesting observation

that there were efforts to start
an illicit diamond traffic bet-
ween Angola and South West
Africa but that these plans
were thwarted.

The paper summarises the

armed acts against Angola in
the following terms:
-theft, murder and acts of
destruction are on the in-
crease, and are not only
evidence of the efforts to suf:
focate the Angolan process of
national reconstruction, but
equally it is evidence of the
servility of the UNITA pup-
pet bands which are being
trained, equipped, man-
ipulated and armed by South
Africa.

The following operations
are cited for the year:

-In the Huila Province 274
‘bandits’ were killed and 180
captured following several
operations by FAPLA
against the UNITA ‘bandits.’
Large scale action has been
launched in this province to
neutralise the armed UNITA
bands.

-In the Bie Province two
enemy camps were destroyed,
war material captured and 28
‘bandits’ shot and killed. An
enemy column was ambushed
93km from the Chitembo
municipality, in the course of
which two dissidents were
killed and arms captured.
-In the Kwanza Sul Province
in the municipality of
Mussende an enemy camp



NAMIBIA

HOPELESSNESS NOTED IN ATTITUDE OF INDEPENDENCE-SEEKERS
Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 23 Dec 83 p 10

{Editorial: "SWA Nationalists, the Outlook Is Bleak but our Determination
Is Strengthened"]

[Text] Aithough largely unruffled at face value, the year
which draws to a close next week cannot claim to have
been a period of internal consolidation and neither of
economic improvement. By and large, a period in which
the status quo was maintained with not a sign of
dynamic political thinking in sight, the very prerequisite
to economic and social revival.

Early in the year in a belated effort to save face, the
Turnhalle Ministers Council tendered its resignation
when it was evident that South Africa was about to
scrap its creation, and political tool which had become
redundant at that stage.

Late in the year came the effort to launch an all-party
conference, once again an attempt instigated and laun-
ched by political factors who have committed every
failure, and whose final deficiency seems to be the
refusal to acknowledge that they no longer enjoy any
credibility.

All this is history, and only time will tell how right we
were in discarding this bazaar group as of no conse-
quence because at the outset they should have laid down
the broad principles of agreement - continuation of the
puppet status of our country with the emphasis on
ethnicity’ and ‘nations’ or the spelt-out, non-negotiable
principle of one country and one nation, under one flag
and bound by allegiance to one government, with all
facilities and all resources to all people, inclusive of the
scrapping of separate schools, which are to be replaced
with a national syllabus, compulsory and applicable to
all for this is one of the cardinal keys of nationhood.

Instead, the conference dragged on, with plenty of
drink ‘at night, and savouring the steaks of the
restaurants at whose expense it would be interesting to

now.

As far as the border war'is concerned, little happened,
other than the increasing evidence that SWAPO’s

26 @



BUILDING INDUSTRY DIFFICULTIES DETAILED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Jan 84 p 11M

[Article by Frank Jeans and Malcolm Fothergill]

[Text]

Business failures in the home-
building industry are expected
duing the year in the light of a
4.5 percent drop in private sec-
tor spending envisaged in the
Bureau of Economic Research
Building Survey.

Commenting on the survey,
Mr Johan Grotsius, executive
director of the National Asso-
ciation of Home Builders, says:
“The expected decrease of 4,5

percent must be seen against
the exceptionally high growth
rates of 8,3 percent and 11 per-
cent in 1982 and 1983.

“Tt is logical, therefore, to ex-
pect a number of business fail-
ures during the next 12 months,
particularly since the expected
increase of four percent in ex-
penditure in the public sector
will have a limited spill-over ef-
fect on the industry_as a whole,”
he says.

Also causing concern in the
industry is the bureau’s expecta-
tions of increases of 16 percent
and 15 percent respectively in
labour and material costs.

“Tf this materialises, the ef-
forts to reduce the rate of infla-
tion to single figures will be
dented,” says Mr Grotsius.

His association is approaching
the problem in a “positive and
dynamic way”.

It has developed programmes
to improve management exper:
tise as an essential step to im-
Prove productivity, which, in

turn, would make a substantial
contribution towards arresting
rising costs and improve living
standards. ‘

Mr Grotsius says the high
level of demand has led to in-
creases in the productive capac-
ity of established home-building
companies and has led to many
new entrants into the industry.

South Africa’s building industry
will decline by 4,1 percent in
real terms in 1984, says the Uni
versity of Stellenbosch’s Bureau
for Economic Research.

Although the decline will give
the impression of a recession it
will come from a high level, the
BER says in its latest Building
Survey, released today.

It will also mask an expected
surge in public sector building.

“Whereas the current down-
swing will continue into the
coming year, it can be expected
to level out by the fourth quar-
ter of 1984.

“During the forecast period
competition in tendering will re-
main strong, labour and materi-
als should be relatively freely
available and tender prices
should rise at a slower pace
than the overall inflation rate.”

Well-managed firms will
find their workloads
drop while weak firms
might be shaken out of
the market.

62

SOUTH AFRICA



IMPACT OF FORCED REMOVALS DESCRIBED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 12 Jan 84 p 4M

[Article by Tim Cockerei1]

[Text]

Forced removals of fami-
lies from the suburbs of
Mayfair and Pageview
will create financial
problems which in at
least one case will
amount to financial sui-
cide.

The Star chose two fa-
milies at random, one
from each population
group, to find out what
the removals would
mean to them in rands
and cents.

Mr and Mrs Fanie
Naude moved to their
four-bedroom house in
Mayfair five months ago.

The move from Wit-
Poortjie involved placing
their son Stefie (5) at EP
Beaumont School in,
Grosvenor near Mayfair
at a cost of R180 for new '
uniforms.

Their daughter Clau-
dia (3) is still at home.

The house needed ex-
tensive renovation and
rewiring. Mr Naude spent
R700 to R800 on painting,
redecoration and instal-
lation of a stove and gey-
ser.

At a rent of R85 a

month the landlord took
little interest in the state
‘of the property and two
rooms still have fallen

ceilings and rotting floor-
boards.

Mr Naude, an electri-
cian, has now been in-
formed by letter that the
house is up for sale and
he must be prepared to

move.

The actual cost of the
move is not a worry for
the family of four as it
has transport. However, j
the son will once again
have to change schools
and uniforms.

The ‘areas open to the
family are Claremont,
Newlands and Pageview
at the considerable in-
crease in rent of over
R400 a month for a three-
bedroomed house.

Mr Naude said that the
chances of finding 2
house near to work and
suiting his pocket were
small.

The plight of Mr and
Mrs Chandrakant Hari
involves a move from
their home in 11th Street,
Pageview, to Lenasia,

64

SOUTH AFRICA

35 km from the city.

The family has a son
and a daughter studying
at university at a cost of
R2000 a year each. A
move to Lenasia will
mean bus fares of R100 a
month each. .

Their rent in Pageview

is R80 a month and the
university and Mr Hari’s
offices are within walk-
ing distance from home.

Instalments on an
equivalent home in Lena-
sia, which they would be
obliged to buy under a
Community Development
scheme, would be R322 a
month.

The estimated cost of
the move is R100 to
which must be added
costs of refurnishing,
heating to replace their
coal stoves and burglar-
proofing at R300 to R400.

The entire exercise,
says Mr Hari, would
mean courting financial
suicide.

“People cannot cut on
rent, rates and so on so
they cut back on clothing,
food and medicines. It is
plain stupidity,” he says.



Many Worries Looming for Displaced Families

[Article by Mick Ellingham and Heather Saunders]

Many people in the af-
fected suburbs of Page-
view and Mayfair will
suffer from difficulties

forced to move from
their homes.

Among the Indians who
will have to leave Page-
view is the Bulbulia fam-
ily of 13th Avenue.

Mrs Khatija Bulbulia
says she is sad and bitter
that her family is to be
‘uprooted.

The Bulbulias have
three children aged 20, 19
and 14, the youngest at-
tending the Indian High
School in Fordsburg.

Mr Bulbulia lives with-
in walking distance of the
shop he’ owns at the Ori- |
ental Plaza. If forced to °
live in Lenasia, his trav-
elling expenses would be
greatly increased.

Mrs Bulbulia says: “I
wish people could be left
alone to live their own
lives.”

The Asvat family of
12th Street also faces
eviction from Pageview.
Mr Adan ‘Asvat is unem-
ployed and finds it diffi-
cult to support his family
of three children.

The family is depen-
dent on what Mrs Asvat
earns as a factory work-
er. If forced to move to
Lenasia, the two children
would have. to travel by
bus to attend the Islamic
school 7 km away.

Mr Asvat says: “I could.
move ‘to Lenasia only if

CsO: 3400/568

the rent is the same as
I pay in Pageview.”

Mr Rashid Bulbulia, no
relation to Mrs Khatija
Bulbulia, has been
dubbed “the mayor of
Pageview” by business
associates and has been a
resident of the suburb for
48 years.

He was born in the
house where he now lives
and his father opened the
first shop in 14th Street,
Vrededorp.

When i4th Street was
cleared to make way for
the Oriental Plaza Mr
Bulbulia made a deter-
mined stand against the
move.

He was the last trader
to continue operating in
the area but was even-
tually forced to move to
the Plaza.

He lives in 13th Street
with his wife Jubida and
three children Moosa (25),
Mohammed (21) and Fati-
ma (19).

He said that he would
have nothing to do with
Lenasia and sent his chil-
dren to a private school
in Johannesburg.

“Pageview is my life,”
he said.

Since Mayfair was
proclaimed an Indian
area, among the many
affected was the Vascon-
celos family living in
Clifton Street, °

Mrs Maria Vasconce-
los’s eldest son, aged
eight, is mentally handi-
capped and attends a spe-
cial school in the area.

65

Mrs Vasconcelos said:
“We can’t afford to move
anywhere else so we will
stay here as long as we
can.”

Among the hardest hit
by the pending removal
of whites from the sub-
urb is a family of physi-
cally disabled people liv-
ing in a specially modi-
fied house.

They are a widow, Mrs
Queenie Miller, her two
sons Paul (28) and Percy
(27) and her widowed sis-
ter Mrs Bianca Hyman.

The special features of
their house in Somerset
Street are wide passages,
ramps and spacious
rooms which allow free
access to all parts of the
home.

Mr Paul Miller is the
only breadwinner of the
family in his job as a lift
operator at a Mayfair de-
partment store. Trans-
port to and from work is
provided by Saint Giles
Association for the Phys-
ically Handicapped.

Mrs Miller does not
know where the family
will move to. She says:
“I've been praying and
praying, but it doesn’t
help.”

The owner of the
svsetrhe oaly happiness
‘say ppt
they have is to sit in the
‘sun on the porch.”

Mrs Sham says she is
disappointed and despon-
dent at leaving the Mill-
ers homeless by having to
sell her house, but she

has no choice.



As a result, there are four workers training at an advanced level mainly in
the colleges of engineering (chemistry) and economy.

He also noted that, for the first time, PETROMOC has two Mozambican
engineers--one is a mechanical engineer and the other a production engineer--
who graduated after the nation's independence. They were trained in Romania.
According to the head of PETROMOC's Training Center, Ribeiro Agostinho
Nhantumbo, they are now being integrated into the firm's day to day activi-
ties through a two and one half year training period.

Academic Training

Technical training for PETROMOC's workers in closely related to academic
training. As a result, there are (already studying) 19 workers registered
for the Industrial and Business Institutes’ first year under the firm's
sponsorship. There are also 12 registered for the second year, 9 of them
in the Industrial Institute and the remainder in the Business Institute.

"We have also been supporting some educational establishments, particularly
the Industrial and Business Institutes, by having some of their students
train in our firm," added Director Antonio Langa.

More Details
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 12 Dec 83 p 1

[Text] Up till now, PETROMOC has trained 147 workers in its ow facilities
in Maputo, as metalworkers, welders, electricians, pump and compressor
mechanics, in production and shipment of products and also in areas eonnec~
ted with the thermal power plant and refinery safety and security.

Antonio Langa, that company's human resources director, provided this
informationto NOTICIAS. He added that PETROMOC's Cadre Training department
is training skilled workers from those who are in their own unit's literacy
and adult education programs.

"We group these workers with others who have a seventh grade education
that are recruited by Labor Resources," said Antonio Langa. He added that
PETROMOC respects the trainees' academic level in its professional training
program, particularly those who have just finished adult education.

Thus, in order to prepare the workers for the specific aspects of PETROMOC's
work, the first part of the training program consists of teaching the basics
ofsuch subjects as Physics, Chemistry, Math, Portuguese and an introduction
to the oil industry.

During the training period, the time span between the theoretical and prac-
tical classes is relatively short which, according to our source, allows the
subject matter to be quickly assimilated. Antonio Langa explained, "This
means that, in certain cases, the trainees go from a theoretical class to

a practical one after a break from the first. This allows them to confront
those things they studied in theory."

9935

CSO: 3442/227
23



"The trusts have done exceptionally well on their M&R holdings and have no
desire to convert them into cash or anything else. Still, it might be wise
to diversify the trusts. I would expect the trusts' involvement in M&R,
which is historical, to decline 10 years from now--once personalities have
moved on. In 20 years, the trusts might well have sold out of M&R."

The trusts, administered by six tough trustees loyal to Mr Douglas Murray,
devote their funds to education, youth training and people development. They
were set up.on the death of Mr Douglas Murray, former chairman of Murray &
Stewart. He had control of Murray & Stewart.and, having bankrolled Douglas
Roberts in the establishment of Roberts Construction, a large number of
Roberts shares as well. When Murray & Strewart and Roberts Construction
werged to form M&R, his trusts gained effective control.

The remarkable news this week was that the trusts have not yet had an offer
for the highly desirable construction conglomerate.

CsO: 3400/596

75



Black Exams 'Fixed'

Vryheid Lifts Water Curbs
Huge Water Loss

Loan From Switzerland

AECI Buys National Explosives

ZAMBIA

Nation Expects To Earn More Than Three Million Kwacha
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 25 Jan 84)..cecccccecceeccteccces

Mozambique, Zimbabwe To Be Approached To Improve River
Transport
(DAILY MAIL, 26 Jan 84)......

Norad Increases Aid by About 300 Percent in Last 3 Years
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 24 Jan 84)....

Copperbelt Political Secretary Hails Swedish Relations
(DAILY MAIL, 25 Jan 84)...

87

88

89

90



Building Industry Difficulties Detailed
(Frank Jeans, Malcolm Fothergill; THE CITIZEN,

12 Jan 84) cecccccccccccccccccccscccccccvcnsccscces

Impact of Forced Removals Described
(Tim Cockerell; THE STAR, 12 Jan 84)....csecceceee

Spendthrifts Threaten SA Growth, Says Bank
(Malcolm Fothergill; THE STAR, 11 Jan 84).........

Fierce Competition in Fertilizer Industry Reported
(THE STAR, 11 Jan 84) .cssecccccccccccccccceccesves

Radio Commentary on Repelling 'Soviet Onslaught’
(Johannesburg International Service, 31 Jan 84) ..

Hanhill Industries’ Assault on Explosives Market Ends
(John Mulcahy; RAND DAILY MAIL BUSINESS DAY,
18 Jan 84)...

OFS Geduld Gold Mine Hit by Mysterious Fires
(Brendan Ryan; RAND DAILY MAIL BUSINESS DAY,

16 Jan 84). cececsccecccceccccccccccccccscssececees

Muezzins Cautioned To Tone Down Prayer Calls
(THE DAILY NEWS, 13 Jan 84)....ccecccccccccccccces

Ferro-Chrome Production To Boost Earnings
(Priscilla Whyte; RAND DAILY MAIL, 16 Jan 84).

Details on Murray & Roberts Employees Given
(David Carte; SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES,

15 Jan 84) .cceccccccccccccccccscccveccscrecncccens

Indian Council Accused of Blacklisting Teachers
(THE DAILY NEWS, 12 Jan 84)....cceseccccccccceeees

Islam Seen as Only Ideological Way To Overcome Oppression
(CAPE TOWN MUSLIM NEWS, 16 Dec 83)..cecececevcccee

General Malan Gives Go-Ahead for Missile Range
(PARATUS, Jan 84) ..ccccccccccccccccrcccsccccccceee

Briefs
Palabora Copper Output
Sasol Controls
Iran Invites Durban Man
Brazing Breakthrough
Badplaas Blacks Defy Order

62

64

66

67

68

69

71

72

73

74

76

77

83
83
83
84
84


Strategically Important

[Question] "But why does EPLF take POW's when it is such an extra burden for
them?"

[Answer] "As an Ethiopian said to me when I asked him why Mengistu would not
accept the freed prisoners: 'Do you really think he would have 3,000 political
cadres?' For EPLF, it is strategically important to train the Ethiopians.

They know that at some time a change will occur in Ethiopia, and at that

time it will be necessary for as many as possible to know about Eritrea's
struggle. Besides, they obviously have no other choice than to look after

the Ethiopians who surrender. In contrast to Ethiopia, EPLF adheres to the
Geneva Convention rules for treatment of POW's."

12578

csO: 3639/48



Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 23 Dec 83 p 21

["Own Correspondent's" Report:

[Text]

LONDON: In a summary
of the conditions of war in
the northern border region
of South West Africa and
the deep south of Angola,
the Luanda Government
speaks in bitter tones and
after tacitly admitting that
the country’s remote
south is under occupation
by foreign troops, reaf-
firms its support for
SWAPO’S _ military
cadres.

The official resume is
contained in the Luanda
Government’s regular in-
ternational newsletter
Bulletin. The paper
repeats an earlier state-
ment that Cuban troops in
Angola will not be replac-
ed by what it calls an inter-
national African force, as
suggested earlier by
Nigeria. The document
quotes the Secretary for
External Relations of the
Central Committee of the
MPLA Workers Party,
Mr Alfonso Van Dunem,
on the subject of the
Cuban troops being
substituted by a force such
as proposed by Nigeria.

LUANDA'S VIEW ON WAR DISCUSSED IN OFFICIAL DOCUMENT

The summary does not
conceal Luanda’s bitterness,
and at times the language us-
ed is far from accepted inter-
national standards. After

“referring to Pretoria as a

debased regime, the docu-
ment asserts that the armed
forces of Angola have been
strengthened. The paper
makes no reference to arma-
ment, but admits the creation
in Angola of the People’s
Vigilance Brigades and
Militias. These are incor-
porated in FAPLA, the coun-
try’s regular army.

The paper warns of a
counter offensive against
South African forces, and
UNITA. The latter is describ-
ed as a ‘bandit’ organisation
created jointly by the South
African Government and the
Central Intelligence Agency
of the United States.

The paper states that the
present operations coupled
with ever-growing .unity in
the ranks of the Angolan
masses, mark the start of an
Angolan counter offensive,
and, adds the document, vic-
tory over the enemy.

The problem is identified
as South Africa, and not
UNITA. In a brief reference
to the earlier contact between
Pretoria and Luanda on the

"Luanda's View of the War"]

island of Sal, the document
states that since the dialogue
has not been restarted, and
ascribes the failure to resume
such talks as the ‘hegemon-
istic’? position of South
Africa.

South Africa remains per-
sistent, the paper continues,
to establish its hegemony
over Southern Africa, and
this policy on the part of
Pretoria is. leading to the
destabilisation of South
Africa’s neighbouring coun-
tries.

Referring to the in-
dependence of South West
Africa, the document notes
that the problem is nothing
more than Pretoria’s need to
maintain positions allowing it
to destabilise the countries of
the subcontinent.

Referring to Pretoria as
‘racist’ the paper notes that
the South African Govern-

ment knows that with South
West Africa’s independence,
it will be banned from
Angola’s south, along with
the UNITA ‘agents’.

That means, the document
asserts, that South Africa
would lose its bases of opera-
tions. That, Luanda states, is
why South Africa is employ-
ing all means to prevent and

ANGOLA


hope that the authorities will grant me one to make this trip which I am sure
will be a unique experience for me," said Mr Gasa. Mr Gasa was banned and and
placed under house arrest for five years. After his five-year banning and
house arrest order had expired, it was not re-instated and Mr Gasa has been
able to continue with his community work. Mr Gasa is the second person from
Durban so far to receive an invitation to attend the celebrations in Iran.
Professor Fatima Meer, who is at present in the United States, has received
her invitation. She is expected to apply at the South African Embassy in
Washington for permission to go to Iran. [Text] [Durban THE DAILY NEWS in
English 16 Jan 84 p 5]

BRAZING BREAKTHROUGH--LOW-temperature aluminum brazing rods and flux from the
Non-Ferrous Metal Works group of Durban should find a wide range of applica~
tions in areas where brazing has not yet been viable. The co-inventor of the
Quickflow product, Mr Daniel Pascoal, says: "The key to the success of Quick-
flow is its low melting point of 165°C less than conventional brazes. "This
means one can now braze aluminium and most aluminium alloys in extruded, cast
or rolled form. "Also, for the first time, one can actually braze aluminium
foil as little as 0,5mm thick." International interest is being shown in the
product's development. But Mr Pascoal says immediate priority is to meet local
demand which has still to be gauged. The brazing rods are being sold at
R18,75 a kg. A 250ml bottle of flux costs R10,95. [Text] [Johannesburg RAND
DAILY MAIL in English 18 Jan 84 p 8]

BADPLAAS BLACKS DEFY ORDER--The deadline for black residents of the Eastern
Transvaal.resort Badplaas, to vacate their homes in the town passed yester-
day without a single family moving to nearby kaNgwane, as ordered by
Pretoria. Leaders of the 3,000-strong community headed by Chief Johannes
Dhlamini, told a Press conference in Badplaas yesterday that they had no
intention. of moving voluntarily. "We are not going to resist--we don't
have arms. But we will have to’ be forced to move," said Mr David Lukhele,
secretary of the council of Swazi chiefs in South Africa. A spokeswoman

for the Department of Co-operation and Development said in Pretoria yester~
day that there was no question of forcing the removal in the immediate
future, "The future handling of the removal is still under consideration,"
she said. Residents have been ordered to leave Badplaas on the grounds

that it is a prescribed area in terms of the Black Urban Areas Consolidation
Act,-in terms of which black residents must be confined to a township. As
there is no formal township in Badplaas, the Government has ordered the
people to the areas of Eerstehoek, Honingklip and Tjakastad--about 30 km
from Badplaas, in kaNgwane. Badplaas has been the site of the Embhuleni
royal kraal of the Swazis for more than 130 years and is part of the Eastern
Transvaal territory claimed by the Swazis. Removal talks with the Department
of Co-operation and Development appear to have broken down because of the
tribe's insistence that the Swazi land claim issue be resolved first.

[Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 12 Jan 84 p 1M]

84



SOUTH AFRICA

ISLAM SEEN AS ONLY IDEOLOGICAL WAY TO OVERCOME OPPRESSION

CAPE TOWN MUSLIM NEWS in English 16 Dec 83 p 10

[Article: "Islam: Revolutionary Heritage of Azania"]

[Text]

PART THREE

Part One of this series was published on September 16 and Part
Two appeared in the issue of MUSLIM NEWS dated Oct 21 — Nov
3, 1983. The writer argues that Islam is the only ideology that has
offered areal challenge to the oppressors in this country. He cites
the example of the Muslim slaves and their revolutionary struggle
against the conquerors 300 years ago.

In our introduction we stated that—

An ideology must define the line
between oppressor and oppressed; it
must not only help identify the
system of oppression but it must also
define the ideals for which the
oppressed people are striving AND
provide the people with the methods
of struggle in order to achieve these
ideals.

The serious students of history and
ideology will definitely ask the
following questions:

(a) Does Islam identify and

critcally analyze the problems

facing the oppressed people in

Azania?

(b) Does Islam portray and

propagate an alternative social

order to the ones popularized at
the moment?

(c) Does Islam furnish the

oppressed people with the

method(s) of struggle in order to
eradicate the present minority

racist regime and to establish a

just social order?

Yes, Istam definitely provides this
in very precise and practical terms.

77

The extra-parliamentary opposi-
tion of Islam is always revolutionary
and never reformist. This cannot be
otherwise because the ideological
premises of all other ideologies is in
direct contradiction to the Kalimah.

The Ummah is therefore in
constant, persistent and perpetual
conflict with all unjust social orders
and ruling classes and the ideological
perspective of Islam is such that it is
of IMMEDIATE RELEVANCE to the

problems of the oppressed. It is,
therefore, literally the Deen of the
oppressed.

And it was as the Deen of the
oppressed that Islam first made its
impact on the soil of Southern Africa.

The mere existence of haves and
have-nots has never and will never
bring about a revolution. Ideology, as
the most important weapon of the
oppressed; conscientizes them. That
is, it makes the oppressed people
aware of the conflicts and
contradictions between truth and
falsehood and incites them to social
action in the cause of truth.



alternative facilities with the least

possible disruption.

Mr Hayward added that the Government
was already considering certain propo-
sals regarding procedures for the future
acquisition and utilisation of land for
official purposes.

In a statement issued at the same time
as that of the Minister of Environment
Affairs and Fisheries, the Minister of
Defence said that he had noted with
satisfaction the findings and recommen-
dations of the Hey Committee.

Gen Malan continued:

“It has always been Defence Force
and Armscor policy to apply nature
conservation in all areas under their
control. This takes place in co-operation
with the nature conservation authorities.

“As the responsible Minister | am
therefore satisfied with the Committee's
recommendations. After careful consi-
deration of expert evidence the Commit-
tee took its decision in such a way that
nature conservation will also benefit fully
by its recommendations.

“Therefore the De Hoop Nature Reser-
ve which was in any case never involved,
now moves into a new era and the
realisation of a long-cherished ideal.

“The importance of our heritage may
not be harmed by any modern develop-
ment, because that we owe to posterity. |
am thankful that we can now go ahead
with the building of the missile test site,
especially in view of the fact that our
heritage of nature will benefit greatly.

“1 will now give instructions for
Armscor to continue with the building of
the test site, but they must see to it that all
the conditions are scrupulously met.

“would like to thank the members of
the Committee and all those involved who
made such a positive contribution to
settle a case, which nearly developed into
a dispute, in such a nice way. The good
communication which the Hey Commit-
tee established between nature conser-
vationists and Armscor brought about the
settling of an unnecessary misunderstan-
ding and the resultant polemic.”

HE question of possible alternative

sites for the proposed test range was
given lengthy consideration by the Hey
Committee.

Sites considered by Armscor during
initial surveys included an area in the
interior of the North-West Cape, the Great
Karoo. the West Coast near Saldanha,
Cape Point, Danger Point Quoin Point,
coastal areas between Mossel Bay and
Port Elizabeth, and St Lucia.

80

These sites were all eliminated at an
early stage because of considerations
related to multiple use, safety, security,
climate and geography or topography.

After establishing to its satisfaction
that the proposed facilities would be used
only for experimental weapons guidance
tests and evaluation purposes, with a
related infrastructure, the committee said
that the following activities, which were
never intended by Armcscor, must defini-
tely not be conducted in the area:

Testing and evaluation of vehicles,
including tanks, armoured cars, trucks,
self-propelled guns, etc.

Detonation of munitions, for example
warheads, aerial bombs, bombs, mor-
tars, landmines, handgrenades and
other explosive devices.

Testing of underwater weapons, for
example mines, depth charges, torpe-
does, explosive and sonar and associ-
ated underwater acoustic research
projects.

All forms of military exercises and
troop training.

In a concluding comment, the Committee
states:

The coastal area between
Waenhuiskrans and Cape Infanta is of
importance to South Africa not only for its
scenic beauty and wildness, but also for
purposes of both nature conservation
and national security. The Committee
appreciates the difficult decision facing
the Ministers involved, but reiterates its
unanimous view that, in this instance,
multiple use of this diverse natural area
as both a proclaimed nature reserve anda
weapons test range, will be possible
without undue prejudice to either cause,
provided the conditions stipulated in this
report are met and honoured.

O demonstrate its commitment to

minimise the impact of the presence
of the test range on the environment,
Armscor has given the following assuran-
ces:

— The existing De Hoop ‘Potberg Nature
Reserve and all associated conserva-
tion, educational facilities and recrea-
tional areas will not be directly
affected in any way, in fact the nature
reserve will be appreciably enlarged.

— Armscor has no intention of appropri-
ating any of the buildings belonging to
Nature Conservation and has. no
designs whatsoever on the buildings
of the Potberg environmental educa-
tion centre.



REYA TEAM HOLDS TALKS--NEKMEPTE (ENA)--Comrade Negussie Fanta, COPWE Central
Committee member and COPWE representative for Wollega region, yesterday held
lengthy talks with the visiting Revolutionary Ethiopia Youth Association (REYA)
team on youth activities in the region. The team headed by Comrade Getachew
Robie, Chairman of REYA, is currently on a working visit to Wollega region to
assess how REYA's regulations and action programme are being implemented.

The team's talks with Comrade Negussie Fanta centred on the efforts made so
far to organize the youth in Wollega region and on the activities of the re-
gional branch of REYA. The talks were attended by Comrade Girma Aytenfisu,
Head of youth affairs of the Wollega regional COPWE office, and Comrade Tesfaye
Tibebu, Chairman of the Wollega regional branch of REYA. The REYA team Monday
inspected the activities of district and basic REYA units in Arjo province of
Wollega region. In another development executive committee members and chair-
men of regional and provincial REYA chapters in Gedeo province, Sidamo region,
deliberated on the rules and regulations of REYA and worked out strategies to
the decisions passed by the 2nd REYA Congress into deeds. During the meeting,
chairmen and control committee members at the district and provincial levels,
exchanged views on ideological dissemination and on topics related to adminis-
trative affairs. Representatives of the REYA chapters also discussed the rules
and resolutions of the revolutionary government and COPWE and expressed their
readiness to pay every sacrifice in the struggle to wipe out illiteracy from
urban centres before the tenth anniversary of the revolution. (ENA) [Text]
{Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 11 Jan 84 p 1]

WORKERS RECEIVE CERTIFICATES OF MERIT--Certificates and prizes were presented
here Sunday to meritorious workers of the Misrak Flour and Oil Factory in
recognition of their outstanding performance during the 1974-premises of the
factory. The certificates and prizes were handed out to the meritorious
workers by Comrade Arega Gebre-Tsadik, COPWE district representave of Higher
19 in Zone 3 at a ceremony held at the premises of the factory. Comrade
Arega said on the occasion that socialist emulation is a system in which work-
ers demonstrate their creative ability, exchange experience and strive for
laying down the technical foundation of socialism. Comrade Arega also praised
the workers of the factory for the efforts they made to achieve their produc-
tion quota. Earlier Comrade Zerihun Megenta, General Manager of the factory,
noted that the factory which used to produce only 160 quintals of wheat flour
per day before the revolution is producing 300 quintals per day since the
launching of the Development Campaign in 1971 Ethiopian calendar year. Present
at the ceremony were Comrade Abate Limenih, General Manager of the Ethiopian
Food Corporation, who presented certificates and prizes to adults who success-
fully completed their literacy course of the eight round and to comrades who
were deployed in teaching in the literacy campaign. (ENA) [Text] [Addis
Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 10 Jan 84 p 6]

MEDICAL AID FROM SWEDEN--The Relief and Rehabilitation Commission (RRC)
yesterday received in donation 4,600 kgms of various medicine from the
Ethiopians' Club in Sweden in aid of compatriots affected by drought in northern
Ethiopia. The consignment was handed over at Bole International Airport to Com-
rade Haile-Marian Seyfu, Head of the emergency aid department of the RRC by

Dr. Mohammed Mussa, representative of the Ethiopians' Club in Sweden, who had
helped in co-ordinating and securing the medicine from companies and individuals

18


095041
JPRS-SSA-84-020

9 February 1984

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

~pEThintTiON STATEMENT R

(9960919 155 | esr

DIG QUALITY INSPECTED Q

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

" REPRODUCED BY

NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161

97
AOS



Armscor Gives Undertakings

— The De Hoopvisi and adjoining Wet-
lands will be left undisturbed;

— Virtually the entire area found to be of
medium to high agricultural value will
be excluded;

— The beach, five kilometres to the east
of Waenhuiskrans, will remain open to
the public;

— A5 km wide strip of sea from 5 to 15
km east of Waenhuiskrans which .is
off-limits for safety and security rea-
sons, and forms part of the present
fishing industry, will be so enforced
only and when necessary..in close
co-ordination with the fishermen
themselves.

— Close co-operation with the local
fishing communities will be
maintained in order to minimise dis-
ruption of their activities;

— The culturally and historically prized
Waenhuiskrans will not be disturbed
in any significant way. Armscor has no
intention of erecting functional buil-
dings in the township. Sufficient land

is available for expansion but any
future expansion and the nature
thereof will rest in the hands of the
authorities of Waenhuiskrans;

— Armscor suggests that the eastern
area between: Potberg Estates and
Cape Infanta be under dual man-
agement of Armscor and the CPA;

— Armscor proposes that a permanent
liaison committee be established be-
tween the CPA Department of Nature
and Environmental Conservation and
Armscor;

— The fire fighting team and resources
would be made available to the CPA
and other parties in the vicinity of the
weapons test range. Availability of
helicopters will greatly enhance reac-
tion to emergencies;

— Armscor personnel will not be granted
access for angling or other recreati-
‘onal purposes to areas restricted to
the public. Such restricted areas will
be cgastal and marine sanctuaries and
breeding grounds, in the true sense of
the word;

— Armscor will actively assist where
practicable and in consultation with
“the CPA, in the promotion of nature
-conservation, e.g. in fighting the
intrusion of alien vegetation such as
Australian. Acacias, the problem of
disturbing sand dunes, etc;

— Research scientists and students will
have access to the area, subject only
to safety and security restraints;

—A site for the permanent aircraft
runway has been identified where it
will cause a minimum disruption to
nature and the residents. Although not
the ideally sited it will nevertheless

Future of De Hoop Nature Reserve Assured

Serve the weapons test range needs as
well as the civilian needs of Bredas-
dorp;

All low flying over the existing De
Hoop Reserve will be prohibited. A
Comprehensive and complete air spa-
ce control will be established in the
entire area, which should represent an
improvement on the present situation;
especially with particuthr reference to
the vuiture colony and the whales in
the bay area;

No other form of military exercises will
take place in the range area, specifi-
cally no vehicle testing, troop ma-
Noeuvres, tracking, parachuting, ma-
rine landings, etc.;

All displaced residents will be treated
in a sympathetic manner and com-
pensated in all reasonable and pos-
sible ways for the disruption of their
way of life;

All other affected owners will be
treated fairly within the established
Procedures of the State provided that
care should be taken that the delicate
situation is not abused as an argu-
ment to obtain from the State more
than what would normally be due;

Armscor does not deem it essential to
own all the land required, and would
be in favour of a long term usufruct if
such could be arranged;

Existing houses and other buildings
within the area where permanent
habitation must cease, would not be
used in any way by Armscor person-
nel, The buildings would not be
demolished, but be made available for
use by the CPA as part of the De Hoop
project where applicable, subject to

“safety and security restrictions.

R Douglas Hey, who headed the
committee which investigated the
impact of the proposed Armscor Project
on the coastal area between
Waenhuiskraal and Cape Infanta, is an
internationally respected conservationist
and a retired Director of the Cape

Department of Nature Conservation.
In a covering letter to the Minister of

81

Environment Affairs and Fisheries, Mr
S.A.S. Hayward, Or Hey says of the
committee's report:

“It has been the earnest endeavour of
the Committee to approach its task in a
‘systematic, objective and unbiased man-
ner, despite the high degree of public
emotion surrounding this project and the
aggressive media campaign ...



The United States, although it still tends to view the world in terms of its
own principles of morality, democracy, and human rights, has abandoned the
strident missionary zeal of the Carter era, which served only to estrange
friends and allies of the Americans. Today, even a country such as South
Africa, with policies which are anathema to the Reagan administration, has
become the focus of a program of constructive engagement. President Reagan
himself explained the reasoning behind this policy when he declared: Where
we have an alliance with a country that does not meet all our human rights
principles, we should look at it that we are in a better position remaining
friends to persuade them of the rightness of our view, than to suddenly, as
we have in some places done, pull the rug out from under them and allow a
totalitarian takeover that denies what human rights the people had.

During a previous presidential campaign speech, President Reagan set out the
essence of his foreign policy thinking when he called for a principled, con-
sistent foreign policy which our people support, our friends understand, and
our adversaries respect. In 3 years, he has gone a long way towards achiev-
ing that goal.

CSO: 3400/599

41



cso:

of Lubango. | saw nothing to
suggest that Angolan forces
were being ‘pinned back to
the major towns’.

1 also drove the 150km of
dirt road from Jamba to Cuve-
lai, in Cunene province, the
southernmost town on that
route still in Angolan hands
before the South African-
controlled area. In Cuvelal |
found a truck full of refugees
arriving. Another would arrive
later that day.

The local commissioner ex-
plained that these refugees
had managed to escape from
the South African-occupied
zone - an ill-defined area
covering most of Cunene pro-
vince in which South African/-
mercenary/Unita forces
occupy many towns.

REBUILDING -
THE REALITY

Daily life, whether in
Luanda or Cuvelai, continues.
The rebuilding of the country
and the structuring of a new
society goes ahead. That
which is sabotaged is re-
Paired, new projects are

begun.

3400/568

Production may be low, but
factories are operating alt
over the country. Agricultural,
produce finds its way to ur-
ban markets, albeit at inflated
prices. In Luanda | found sig-
nificant inprovements in the
provision of basic necessities
such as water and electricity
supplies over the two years 1
had been away.

During a short visit to
Huambo, which Agence
France Presse reported as
being ‘surrounded a few
months ago, | found people
indignant at the suggestion
that they moght have loyal-
ties to Unita on the basis of a
tribal tink with Savimbi. Many
have friends and relatives
who have been killed, muti-
jated ro made homeless by
Unita groups in rural villages.
1 also found that the
Benguela railway, often said
to have been put out of ser-
vice, makes regular runs in
both directions in and out of
the city.

Western media reports of
Unita advances and hige
occupied zones do not reflect
the reality of either the mood
within Angola or the situation
on the ground. *



ANGOLA

JOURNALIST TOURS SOUTHERN REGION, REFUTES SA, UNITA'S CLAIMS

Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 23 Dec 83 p 19

[Article by Richard Helmore: "'What I Saw in Angola'"]

[Text] The recent successful military offensive by FAPLA (Angolan armed
forces) in a number of provinces has. inflicted heavy losses on Unita puppet
forces. While deliberately ingoring this, the BBC and certain 'quality'
newspapers continue to put out unverified claims made by Unita and to assist
in the floating of rumours such as the arrival of 'several thousand more
Cubans’ in Angola.

Such claims and rumours are part of a carefully directed campaign of disin-
formation designed to create the impression that the Angolan government is
under siege from Unita forces. This in its turn is aimed at assisting South
African diplomatic efforts to push Unita as a serious political alternative
to the legitimate government.

Yet the incalculable amount of military, financial and diplomatic backing
which South Africa has invested in Unita has not borne the fruits intended.
Unita's newly-trained 'special groups’ require extensive South African
reconnaisance and mercenary input, its battalion-strength units attack only
poorly defended targets and, when routed, rely on South African air cover

to escape (as, for example, from Cangamba).

Unita groups further north
depend on supplies para-
chuted in by South African
cargo planes flying at night.
Unita’s own ranks are being
filled increasingly by young
men abducted over the last
year from southern Angola
and taken to South West
Africa for training. Not for the
first time, packets of drugs
were found on many of the
hundreds of Unita bodies as
they were counted at Can-
gamba.

solently wamed by Unita
press officers and by Tory
Euro MP Sir James Scott-
Hopkins to evacuate, were in-
terested only in getting on
with their work.

Later | travelled widely in
the southern end of the coun-
try. During a week spent in
Huila province, | covered the
400km road between Jamba
and Lubango three times, on
‘one occasion visiting the port
of Namibe (previously Moca-
medes), another 150km west

FALSE RUMOURS

The few day | spent in the
forthe diamond-mining pro-
vince of Lunda Norte took in
visits to all the mining divi-
sions, by both car and hell-
copter. | saw nothing of the
3 000-strong Unita force
which its leader Jonas
Savimbi had boasted would
be overrunning the province
at that time. British mining
engineers, who had been in-


WATER CURBS IN NATAL LIFTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in

[Article by Tim Clarke]

[Text]

cso:

DURBAN. — Mr Ray
Haslam, the MEC in
charge of the Natal
Water Contingency

it announced

Committee, ¢
yesterday all house-
hold restrictions on
water in the Durban
and Pietermaritzburg
areas would be lifted.

But the ban on the use
of hosepipes and sprink-
lers to water gardens re-
mains. on

Mr Haslam made the
announcement at! a:Press
conference in Durban
yesterday after the Minis-
ter of Environment Af-
fairs, Mr Sarel Hayward,
had made the announce-
ment earlier in the day in
Cape Town that restric-
tions in the Durban,
Pietermaritzburg and
Newcastle areas would be
eased from about 60 per-
cent to 30 percent.

Mr Haslam said it

‘would still be. an offence

to top up swimming pools
with hosepipes and that

offenders would be pros- *

ecuted.
He said the committe
had decided ta do away

3400/584

SOUTH AFRICA

English 21 Jan 84 p 13

with the restriction of 400
litres per household in
Durban and Pietermaritz-
burg. However, he still

consumers to
behave with restraint and
not to waste water.

He said the level of the
two major dams — the
Albert Falls and Midmar
Dams — was only 30 per-
cent. “We will only be out
of the woods completely
when the combined levels
of these two dams reach
50 percent.”

Asked if he did not
think consumers would
now waste water because
the restrictions had been
lifted, Mr Haslam re-
plied: “No, I believe the
people of Durban and
Pietermaritzburg’ who
have cooperated magnifi-

cently, will continue to ;

show restraint. We have
been through a difficult
time and consumers will
not want to have restric-
tions re-introduced.””

Mr Haslam said restric-
tions would only be con
eidered again if the com-
uined levels of the two
dams fell below 23 per-
cent.

54

Restrictions have been
enforced in the Durban
and Pietermaritzburg
areas for more than seven’
months.

According to a spokes-
man for the Durban city
engineer’s office, the
sctapping of restrictions
would greatly ease the
burden on his depart-
ment. He pointed out that
the department had. to
take on extra part-time
indoor staff and meter in-
spectors to supervise the
enforcement of the re-
strictions.

These posts would
gradually become redun-
dant - when restriction
complications were finally
sorted out.

According to a spokes-
man for the Newcastle
Town Council in northern
Natal, the council will de-
cide next Friday how to
withdraw restrictions. He
said restrictions had
already been eased earlier
this week.

The cut in water saving
in the area will be from
about 66 percent to’ 30-
percent.


about Zulus. Even the
anthropologists have

as Zulu. The Watusi of
Ruanda-Urundi, the Ba-
ganda of Uganda and
others who are regarded
as special once enjoyed
this European-inspired
pet role.

Not so long ago a
writer of The SOWE-
TAN told us about a
“dear Zulu friend” of
his.
knowing it, we carry of
about the “dignity” or
the “admirable  cus-
toms” of the Zulu peo-
ple. Just the way Euro-
pean and American mis-
sionaries, and
administrators of the
19th and early 20th cen-
turies used to write. In
that early context, the
custom had a lot to do
with the European’s no-
tion of the “noble sav-
age” — an image too ob-
noxious to the progres-
sive mind today.

A “tribe” used to be a
community with a com-
mon language that had
its own political organi-
zation. It had a ruler,
who could be the final
authority or owe alle-

i to the king of a
whole territory con-
taining several such rul-
ers (colonial word:
“chief”). Now Africa no
longer has colonies gov-
emed from abroad, the
word “tribe” no longer

makes sense. Because

such units now owe their
allegiance to a central
government in an inde-
pendent state. “Ethnic
group” is the closest to

CSO: 3400/584

Often without.

what the old tribe
should be called, or for
speaking” or “Luo-
speaking”, or “Lodzi-
speaking” people.

In a South African
English language text-
book being used extensi-
vely in high schools is a
list of collective nouns.-
As if the author had not
surprised us enough
with “an audience of lis-
teners”, he was deter-
mined to rivet us to our
seats with “a tribe of
natives”! Whew!

“Tribesmen” — ah,
white Press reporters
simply love them — is

naturally out, too.
A in The SO-
WET. once wrote

about “tribal dance and
music”. Why not “Afri-
can” or “traditional” art
or whatever? Are we
ashamed to call our-
selves Africans?

A reporter in another
daily wrote recently that
a lawyer in the West
Rand had a Xhosa-
speaking mother and a
‘Tswana-speaking father.
But then she is a white
reporter. As Africans
we should not even
think of making such a
distinction. Our own re-
porters have come up
with phrases like a

“Xhosa singer”. Would
we in all seriousness talk
about John Kani and
Winston Ntshona as
Xhosa actors? Cursed
be the sun that could
dare rise to usher such a
day!

Here we are trying de-
sparately hard (or are
we desparate enough?)
to instil the noble con-
cept of Black Conscious-
ness in the minds of our

37

people, and yet some of
us continue to endorse
debasing stereotypes of
ourselves. By definition,
Black Consciousness is a
State of mind, and it can
never. take root as long
as we fail to redefine
ourselves and dictate
what we shall be called.
Unfortunately, no
sooner had the first
leaders of the Black
Consciousness move-
ment compelled the
Press to use “black” in-
stead of “non-white” (to
refer to Africans, Asians
and so-called coloureds)
than the same Press
twisted the term so that
it rhyme with the official
“black” for African.

I would insist we call
ourselves African to in-
clude those the media
refers to as black plus
the so-called coloured
and Asians. We are all
rightful occupants of a
continent that was rav-
aged by Europe: the
southern landscape to-
gether with all its op-
pressed inhabitants. The
sooner we identify our-
selves with the rest of
Africa so much quicker
shall we be to realize the
soul force we share in
common on this conti-
nent. And “African” is a
term we shall always be
happy to live with in a
greater southern Africa.
The term “Black Con-
sciousness” needs to be
expanded so that it be-
come part of an African
consciousness. It can
still deal with our local
ideological aspirations
in this country while at
the same time it con-
stantly reminds us that
we are here because we
are African.

To decolonize our
minds, we have to rede-
fine our language, Lan-
guage indicates what we
think, our image of our-
selves. If we use the
word “homeland” with-
out any indication that it
is “so-called”, then we
are accepting the ideol-
ogy that created the con-
cept. We are endorsing
a colonial process. If we
choose to use “blacks”
to include all those who"
are not officially called
“white”, and as a politi-
cally convenient term,
we must still push the
name “African” to pre-
pare our attitudes for a
greater future.

To call ourselves Afri-
can is not racist. It is a
humanistic term. That
is, all those subscribe to
our humanism can be in-
cluded. But they must
earn that place. They
cannot just use a geo-
graphic convenience to
support their claim.
They must prove by
word and deed that they
support the humanistic
values of freedom and
all other human rights.

The Africans in this
country share the spirit-
ual values of a culture.
We should not regard
customs as the only
components of a cul-
ture. We may do things
differently according to
ethnic customs, but we
are a cultural unit. No
one must cheat us out of
this sense of cultural sol-
idarity. So instead of
Zulu or Sotho or Xhosa
or Venda or Shangana-
Tsonga. customs, we
should insist on “Afri-
can” or “traditional” or
“indigenous” custom.



Only those who suffer from
enforced intellectual paralysis o¢
choose to be intellectually paralyzed
are incapable of distinguishing truth
from falsehood.

Tuan Guru and the Sunnah

When Tuan Guru wrote the Qur'an
from memory, whilst imprisoned on
Robben Island for 13 years, he was
following the same revolutionary
tradition (Sunnah) that started with
the founder of the Ummah.

All things begin wth knowledge, for
nothing can start or be achieved with
ignorance. Hence Iqra! Islam begins
with knowledge.

And on the release of Tuan Guru
from Robben Island he immediately
organized a Madressa (that is, an
ideological school) for slaves and
‘freed’ slaves in Dorp Street, Cape
Town.

Yet today many of our ideological
schools (madressas) have become
institutions not for producing
revolutionaries but for producing the
knowledge of the teacher. The first
people therefore who are
squandering the revolutionary
heritage of Islam are the Madaris.

The Qur'an is taught and must be
taught to make men out of men — not
to produce intellectual snipes and
spineless social chameleons. The
same Qur'an that produced the giants

in world history like Hazrat Umar
(RA), Hazrat Ali (RA), Imam Husain
(RA), and more recently, Sayed Qutb,
Ali Shariati and Imam Khomeini (but
to name a few). Where then are the
flowers of our ideological schools?

None of the great men mentioned
above ignored the social, political,
and economic conditions of their
times. It was because they were So
concerned with those conditions and
became involved with the issues
confronting the oppressed people
that they become great leaders and
outstanding Muslims, even martyred
in the cause.

The present Imams and Sheikhs
must realize that Islam has a
revolutionary tradition, a magnificent
heritage which cannot be allowed to
be squandered, wasted and ignored.
If they do have ideological

cso: 3400/568

78

proficiency then it is their duty to
superyise and monitor the proper and
correct implementation of the
ideology of Islam.

Ideological clarity and proficiency
therefore means clarity and
proficiency in our methods of
struggle. In Islam, to know means to
know HOW TO DO!

Heritage of the slaves

The intellectual roots of the
oppressed in Azania do not stem from
the 18th and 19th century ideologues
of Europe but from the intellectual
heritage of the slaves. And the
heritage of the slaves is Islam.

Islam, the Deen of the oppresed, is
the ideology of liberation against
which any other ‘ism’ pales into
insignificance. These ‘isms’ are no
threat to the Muslims.at all — they are
only of nuisance value.

Islam, the revolutionary heritage of
Azania Is the heritage of all the
oppressed people in Azania — the
dead, the living and the unborn.

A community whose members are
sober from birth to death, seekers of
knowledge from birth to death, who
prefer truth to falsehood at all times,
and who invite to martyrdom rather
than survivalism, is already a
liberated community.

We humbly submit that this
Ummah, the global community of
truth, action and justice is the
vanguard of the oppressed. This
ideological unit has been sharpened,
tested and steeled over centuries —
uncompromising against the enemy
and compassionate amongst the
oppressed.

The new social order is already
being developed in embryo but
unless we remove the pious frauds
from the mimbars and mihrabs our
heritage — the heritage of the
oppressed — is being defiled and
misappropriated.

The dawn of the Islamic Revolution
in Azania is on the agenda of the
oppressed and there are many forces
— racists, zionists and imperialists —
who dread the rise of Istam in Azania.

As for the members of this unique
ideological unit, they welcome the
opportunity to serve the Cause of
Allah and the Cause of the oppressed
for struggle in Islam is the practical
means for purifying the ranks of the
Ummah — ridding it of the idle
hypocrites, weak-kneed characters,
tricksters and deceivers.

CONCLUDED


The security forces were prepared for this and would do everything in their
power to safeguard the local population.

They would strike at Swapo wherever they were, including hot putsuit raids
into Southern Angola.

The simmering tension that is rising to the boil in the region follows a
proposal by South Africa at the UN last week for a 30-day ceasefire from
January 31.

This was rejected by both the ruling MPLA in Angola and Swapo as a ploy.

Observers in both South Africa and here predicted last week South Africa
might retaliate militarily to this rejection.

But what South Africa has once again succeeded in doing with its fancy
diplomatic footwork is creating another issue in the perennial Namibian
question.

What has happened now is that it is not only Cuban withdrawal that is now
on the international agenda, even though it is theoretically rejected.

The new issue is South African withdrawal from Angola.

cso: 3400/520

25



SECRECY SURROUNDING SADF'S ROLE IN ANGOLA HIT

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 14 Jan 84 p 6

[Article by Hermann Giliomee:

[Text]

WHEN a former head
of military intelligence
criticises. the South
African Defence Force
for.its failure to com-
municate with the pub-
lic; one can be sure
something serious has
gone wrol

“Referring to the latest
round of fighting in South-
ern Angola, in which 21 SA

‘ died, General H de
V du Toit warned hat the
military was putting ai
risk the public’s loyalty
and the “indispensable
su yy of the yational

ill” by not making a ti-
mebus and adequate an-
‘ndancement about the op-
erations.

Two questions have re-
cently arisen with respect
to the war in South Afri
ca’s north-western froa-
tier zone.

Will the SADF keep the
trust of white citizens if
they are ill-informed
about where and when,
and against whom, their
‘sons are fighting?

Secondly, will that trust
stay intact, even if the
perception grows that
South Africa is becoming
trapped in a sterile, no-
win, Vietnam-like conflict
on and beyond its borders,
one that will exact a rising
toll in money and lives?

Since the 1975 South
African invasion of Ango-

42

"The Pattern of Politics"]

la, white South Africans
have shown little opposi-
tion to the spreading war,
on and beyond the coun-
try’s borders.

According to a reliable
overseas newspaper,
South Africa has occupied
a large part of Southern
Angola since 1981. Yet
only a few news;
have asked what South
Africa was doing there, or
whether it was in our in-
terests to stay there.

The passivity of the
Public is not difficult to
explain. Firstly, the death
toll has not been high ...
an average of about 50
whites a year. Secondly,
the public generally be-
lieves the talk about a
total (Russian) onslaught
and wants all available
Measures used to stamp
out any threat in the re-
gion, regardless of whe-
ther this violates interna-
tional law or alienates the
West.

It is my impression that
the general public does
not consider Namibia or
Angola as white last
ditches, where South
Africa has to fight to pre-
vent a war on its own soil.

Increasingly, opinion-
formers and the general
public want to know whe-
ther the fighting in Angola
serves immediate and
long-term purposes.



NAMIBIA ©

TERRITORY FORCE TO RESORT TO 'HOT PURSUIT' RAIDS
Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 21 Dec 83 p 1

[Text] A warning from the South West Africa Territory Force yesterday
that it will resort to "hot pursuit" raids into Angola to stop Swapo
infiltrating Namibia comes as tension in the region is coming to the boil.

The tersely worded communique came in the wake of a resolution proposed by
Zimbabwe in the Security Council of the United Nations condemning the pres-
ence of South African troops in Angola.

The resolution received strong support from France, but the United States
abstained from voting.

The resolution in turn followed reports from the official Angolan news agency,
Angop, which said South African planes had bombed the southern Angolan town
of Caiundo for eight hours on Monday.

At the same time SA Defence Force headquarters announced from Pretoria that
three South African soldiers had been killed in skirmishes in the operational

area.

And in its statement yesterday the SWATF said it was preparing for the
annual infiltration into Namibia by Swapo, following the murder this week of
two civilians and the wounding of three others in war-torn Owambo and
Kavango.

The communique said: "In the last three days Swapo terrorists have murdered
two and wounded three members of the local population in Owambo and Kavango
using Makarov and Tokaref pistols."

One of the people murdered was Mr David Kampenge of the Nkurnekuru district
of western Kavango.

The security forces were conducting follow up actions.
"Elements of the security forces are investigating these latest murders

which could be the work of assassination groups which are normally associ-
ated with the annual terrorist infiltration during the rainy season," the

statement said.

24


SOUTH AFRICA

RAINS IN MAIZE-PRODUCING AREAS COULD SAVE MILLIONS
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 12 Jan 84
[Article by Malcolm Fothergill]

[Text]

South Africa stands to save bundreds of millions
of rands if it rains in maize-producing areap
in the next few weeks.

At stake is the maize crop, cut to less than four
million tons last season by the drought.

The crunch begins today. The final size of this
country’s vital maize crop will be known by the
end of next month.

Rain is essential for the plants to form their
cobs, which happens in the next three weeks.

If good rains fall imports will be unnecessary
and the country will not have to pay R400 mil-
lion as it did last season when maize had to be
imported.

With good rains the country can expect a erop
perhaps as high as 10 million tons.

If the rains are disappointing the crop will be
much less, perhaps even forcing the country to
import again.

Even with a good crop the amount that will be
available for export will be limited, as the coun-
try needs to rebuild its reserves, badly depleted
by the drought.

Some industry sources estimate that if the crop
is nine million tons, and if two million tons

cso: 3400/568

61

are exported, the country can earn between
R300 million and R400 million in foreign exchange
— besides saving the money that with a disaster
crop like last season’s would have to go on im-
ports.

‘The general manager of the Maize Board, Mr
Hendrik Nel, is not so optimistic. A nine mil
lion-ton crop received by the board will leave lit-
tle for export, he says.

Local consumption will account for 6,5 million
tons, and reserves, set until now at 900.000 tons
and likely to be increased to 1,75 million tons, will
take another big chunk.

The experts emphasise that putting a figure to
this year’s crop now is to make a guesstimate, not
an estimate. .

“We just don’t have the information we need,”
‘says Mr Nel.

“We won’t even know until the end of this
month how many hectares have been planted
with maize, whether it’s up to the normal 4,5 mil-
lion hectares or not.

“The indications for the Maize Triangle as a
whole are of a fair to good crop, which we think
will be around nine million tons, but a lot can still
happen.”



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

NEW BUDGET FOR ECOWAS--The Council of Ministers of the Economic Community
of West African State (ECOWAS) has approved a budget of 6,536,129 units of
accounts for the organisation in 1984. In another development, two centres
in Nigeria are among the eight chosen by the organisation for the production
of cattle to increase animal protein within the sub-region. This followed
the adoption of the agriculture cooperation report by the council. The
Nigerfan centres are--Upper Ogun Ranch in Lagos State and Potta Cattle
Ranch-in Oyo State. Other selected areas are: Marahoue Ranch (Ivory
Coast), Yanfotla Ranch (Mali), Livestock Development projects (the Gambia)
and Famoila State Farm (Guinea). These together with the above are desig-
nated operation centres, Two centres--Kedougou Breeding Centre (Senegal),
and Kaddt Breeding Centre for the Moore Zebu (Mauritania) are referred to
as 'non-operational centres.' [Text] [Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English

2 Jan 84 p 14]

cso: 3400/568



ETHIOPIA

PRODUCTION OF NATURAL GUM SHOWS MARKED INCREASE
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 11 Jan 84 pp 1, 5

[Text] The production of natural gum in Ethiopia has showed a marked increase
mainly in the last three years, covering the period 1973 to 1975 E.C. in which
the output figures stood at 10,705, 17,902 and 25,231 quintals, respectively.

The information was released by Comrade Michael Asfaha, Manager of the Natural
Gum Processing and Marketing Enterprise, in an interview with the Ethiopian
Herald yesterday. The corresponding export earnings for the corresponding
period was given as 726,667 birr, 3.1 million and 3.8 million birr, respec-
tively.

Comrade Michael said with the exception of Arssi and Kaffa regions, natural
gum is virtually found in all parts of the country in altitudes ranging from
300 to 1,500 metres above sea-level. He said the ideal altitude for the growth
of gum-yielding trees are those lying at 500 metres.

According to the manager, the enterprise has come across a new product known as
"Gum Karaya', which comes from the tree 'Sterculia setigera". Comrade Michael
said tapping for the gum has already began in Gojjam and Wollega regions and
described the product as one of the most expensive gums after Gum Myrrh. The
other types of natural gums now marketed by the organization are Gum Olibanun
or incense, Gum Arabic and Gum Oppoponex.

The manager said Gum Karaya is largely in the production of vinegar, ice cream
and also for medical purposes. He stressed the discovery of this new type of
natural gum will have a big impact on our enterprise. He said Dr. D. M. W.
Anderson of the University of Edingburgh, an authority on natural gums, has
collaborated in identifying the new product. The enterprises has working
relationship with the Biology Department of the Addis Ababa University.

Comrade Michael said at present all the natural gums are being wholly exported,
except in the case of incense, whose export quantity stands at 75 per cent.

He said insence is graded into five qualities, four of which are exported.

The fifth grade is usually consumed locally. The manger said the natural gums
have a widerange of applications in industry, metallurgy, pharmaceuticals,
plastics and textiles.

15



SOUTH AFRICA

GENERAL MALAN GIVES GO-AHEAD FOR MISSILE RANGE

Pretoria PARATUS in English Jan 84 pp 10-12

[Text]

IHE Minister of Defence, Gen
Magnus Malan, has given
Armscor the go-ahead to
continue with the building of a
missile test range on the

Southern Cape coast, following the

Government's acceptance of the report of

the Hey Committee on the effect such a

project would have on the environment.

The report by the Hey Committee was
unanimous and was accepted in its
entirety by the Cabinet on 1 December
1983, with all its recommendations.

Announcing the Government's accep-
tance of the report, the Minister of
Environment Affairs and Fisheries, Mr
S.A.S. Hayward, said the report was
clearly the product of a serious and
thorough investigation aimed at finding
an acceptable solution to a difficult
problem.

Mr Hayward said the Government
would like to stress the following major
recommendations made by the Commit-
tee:

* The development of the proposed
missile testing range is vital to the
country's interest and an urgent ne-
Cessity. The proposed site is the only
viable one which meets all the essenti-
al requirements for the establishment
of the proposed facility.

The fauna, flora and marine life of the
area between Waenhuiskrans and Ca-
pe Infanta are unique not only in the
RSA, but in some respects, in the
world.

°

The present ownership position, with
free access to certain areas, is definite-
ly leading to a steady deterioration of
this sensitive area. Further develop-
ment, especially holiday resorts, could
accelerate this decline,

© If the unique character of the area is to
be preserved for posterity, the authori-
ties will have to step in to curb the
deterioration and restore the area to its
original state.

79

© The siting of the missile range could be
instrumental in the conservation of a
larger part of the area than exists in the
Present time.

Subject to certain limitations and with
due regard to the undertakings given
by Armscor the establishment of the
testing range will benefit the natural
environment and the De Hoop Nature
Reserve in particular.

All the activities related to the estab-
lishment of the testing range will hold
considerable benefits for the area and
its people and will promote the
Government's policy of decentralisa-
tion.

Mr Hayward said that in the light of these
findings, the Cabinet had decided, among
other things, that:

@ the Ministry of Defence may proceed
with the establishment of the proposed
testing range subject to the recom-
mendations in the report and the
undertakings given by Armscor-

© the Department of Community Deve-
lopment should, as soon as possible,
enter into negotiations with the land-
owners with the object of acquiring, in
the normal way, the land as recom-
mended. It is regretted that concessi-
Ons in regard to occupation or usufruct
can not be considered;

© all land acquired in this way and not
needed for the establishment of facili-
tles and infrastructure will be declared
@ nature reserve in terms of the Cape
Nature Conservation Ordinance (No 19
of 1974). All such land is to be
incorporated into the De Hoop Nature
Reserve and managed by the Cape
Department of Nature and Environ-
mental Conservation. The usufruct of
the area concerned is to be awarded to
Armscor;

negotiations should be entered into
with the fishing community at Skips-
kop with a view to the creation of



"We have to use every means to ensure we have a faithful and loyal civil
service."

The Chief Minister said he believed in the principle of academic freedom.

Referring to the pledge, the president of the National Union of South African
Students, Miss Kate Philip, said: "This is a gross infringement of academic
freedom and crude political blackmail."

She said that, coming in the wake of the killing of five students at the
University of Zululand by an Inkatha impi, the evidence was growing that
the chief was "no less of a petty dictator than Sebe, Matanzima and Mangope

had proved to be."~-Sapa.

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 21 Jan 84 p 11

[Text]

THE Chief Minister of
KwaZulu, Chief Gatsha
Buthelezi, yesterday ac-
cused the Press of having
“twisted and misrepre-
sented” his government’s
recent legislation which
prevents students with
government bursaries
from criticising either
himself, his government
or the Inkatha move-
ment.

Addressing a farewell
function in honour of Mr
Von Benecke Jordaan,
his deputy secretary. and
Mr Ken Clarke, Auditor,
general of the KwaZulu
Treasury, he said that
“Buthelezi bashing had
become@a popular pas-
time in English liberal cir-
cles.

“We see nothing sur-
prising about us trying to
ensure that people, who

cso: 3400/584

Press Hit

have qualms of con-
science about serving the
KwaZulu government.
are not kept in our civil
service.

“Any government
would be concerned
about this, particularly if
there are civil servants
who prove their disloyalty
by participating in vilifica-
tion campaigns while hav-
ing received government
funds.

“Now a big fuss is being
made about a pledge
whose terms were dis-
cussed with bursary hold-
ers before they voluntari-
ly signed,” he said.

Chief Buthelezi said
that although there were
many differences with the
South African Govern-
ment, credit should be
given where it was due.

“Iam always impressed
by the quality of many of

52

the personnel which the
South African Govern-
ment make available to us
— particularly in the
higher echelons of our
civil service. Mr Jordaan
and Mr Clarke are good
examples of what I am

talking about.”

“Because it is difficult
to replace officials of this
calibre, it indicates the
importance of having a
competent and faithful
civil service.

“A competent civil ser-
vice determines what type
of government serves the
people. That is why the
KwaZulu Legislative As-
sembly recently took such
great interest in the
people we are training at
various: institutions
through funds from our
budget,” he said.



INDIAN COUNCIL ACCUSED OF BLACKLISTING TEACHERS

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 12 Jan 84 p 11

[Text]

cso:

THE Indian Council ex-
ecutive was accused
today of meddling in the
posting of newly quali-
fied teachers who did
not share its political
beliefs.

The Natal Indian Con-
gress’s Dr Farouk Meer
said the NIC had docu-
mentary proof that the
Indian Council executive
was “politically victi-
mising” young teachers
by cancelling their origi-
nal postings and sending
them to remote schools.

This week the contro-
versy of the “blacklisted
teachers” took a dra-
matic turn when some
teachers got telegrams
telling them that origi-
nal postings had been
reinstated.

“The Indian Council's
executive committee
has been guilty of politi-
cal appointments in the
teaching profession.

3400/596

“Now it is victimising
people who do not share
its stand.

“I have letters in my
possession which prove
beyond doubt that the
SAIC has been meddling
in the postings,” said Dr
Meer.

He showed The Daily
News two letters and a
telegram from the dep-
uty-director of Indian
Education, Mr J.M.E.
Zwiegelaar.

The first one told the
teacher that his appoint-
ment had been cancelled
and that he was to're-
port to a school in an
outlying area.

The second letter told
the teacher the cancel-
lation of his original
post had been scrapped
and he was to report to

76

the school to which he
was posted in the first
place.

Both letters read:

“T have to inform you
that the executive com-
mittee of the South Afri-
can Indian Council has
directed me to...”

However, the tele-
gram from Mr Zwiege-
laar read:

“I have been direct-
ed by the chairman of
the executive committee
of the Indian Coun-
cil...”

Dr Meer said this was
proof enough that the
executive of the Indian
Council was meddling in
the posting of newly
qualified schoolteachers.

A Durban weekly
newspaper this week
quoted an Indian Council
executive committee
member, Mr Baldeo
Dookie, denying that
there was a blacklist.

SOUTH AFRICA


cso:

“Should you decide to accept the
recommendations of this Committee and
allow the project to proceed, we would
respectfully urge that this report be made
public. This is considered necessary not
‘only to reassure the conservation lobby
concerning the future of the unique De
Hoop Nature Reserve, but also in the
interests of the public image of the
Department of Defence.”

The other members of the committee
were:
 MrG.A. Aggenbach, a local farmer and

President of the National Wool Gro-

wers’ Association (Cape Province);
© Prof A.F. Fuggle, Director, Schoo! of

Environmental Studies, University of

Cape Town;

3400/598

82

¢ Mr Hu, Grové of the Department of
Environment Affairs and Fisheries;

© DOr A.E.F. Heydorn of the National
Research Institute for Oceanology,
CSIR, Stellenbosch;

© Cmdt P.G. Marais, Chairman of Arms-
cor;

© Mr W.O. Morsbach, Director of Nature
Conservation (Cape Provincial Admini-
stration);

e Mr J.G. van Zyl, Senior Planner,
Department of Constitutional Develop-
ment and Planning, and

© Mr H. du P. Wessels, Chairman of the
Overberg Regional Development Asso-
ciation.


ZAMBIA

NORAD INCREASES AID BY ABOUT 300 PERCENT IN LAST 3 YEARS
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 24 Jan 84 p 2

[Excerpt] THE Norwegian Agency for Development (NORAD) has in the last three
years increased its assistance to Zambia by about 300 per cent to K22 million,
said deputy resident representative Mrs Eli Selven Moe in Lusaka yesterday.

She confirmed that joint talks between Norway and Zambia would take place in
March to determine the level of assistance to be given this year and the next
three.

Under the aid programme which is in form of grants, Norway has been financing
village agricultural programmes in Northern Province in addition to a project
to construct more than 800 boreholes in the rural Western Province.

Zambia last year received fertiliser worth about K2 million under a commodity
assistance agreement and Mrs Moe said other goods included rural telephone
exchanges, calcium and agricultural sprayers all worth about K6 million.

Zambia was one of the top recipients of Norwegian aid in Africa but she did
not expect the level of assistance to shoot up this year because of the dram-
atic rise in the last three years.

Under the Village Agricultural Programme (VAP) in the Northern Province, the
organisation had been assisting subsistence and upcoming farmers to grow more
food.

Apart from giving two free bags of fertiliser to every villager who grew a lima,
the organisation provided storage infrastructure, feeder roads and bridges,
water furrows and boreholes.

It was reported last September that as a result of VAP activities in the pro-

vince, a total of 18k000 bags of maize was sold to the Northern Province Co-
operative Union--an increase of 9,000 bags compared to the 1981/82 season.

csO: 3400/597

89



Indians by whites, 44 cases blacks by whites and 7 627 cases non-white by non-
white.

Gen Zietsman stressed that not all violent deaths could legally be classed as
murder.

The police always open a murder docket in the case of what appears to be a
violent death, but often these could be culpable homicide, self defence--or
even death from natural causes, after a much earlier assault.

Among whites, the rate at which violents death are solves is very high, he
said.

But in black areas police have much greater difficulty--mainly for the reasons
stated by Brig Viktor and Brig Jacobs. Only 50% of the "real cases" are solved.

In Soweto, socio-economic factors, the high density residential area and the
large population pay an important role in the number of violent deaths. But
still less than 1% of Soweto residents had a leaning towards crime.

Furthermore, South Africa had a great shortage of police officers, mainly
because of poor salaries, but also because so many policemen have to do duty
on South Africa's borders (including those of the independent and national
states).

South Africa has 960 police stations and less than 30 000 policemen, which means
0,4 policemen are on duty for every 1 000 people at any moment.

Policemen do not get paid for overtime worked. Last year, he said, the
police worked 2 500 000 hours in overtime and reservists 1 500 000 hours.

Against these problems--and taking into account that the police force is under
strength--the standard of service is very good, Gen Zietsman said.

“Our detective branch in Soweto does good work and, in many big cases, gets
good results.

CSO: 3400/596

59



ENTIRE POLICE DIAMOND COMMAND TRANSFERRED

Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 23 Dec 83 p 6

[Text]

cso:

WINDHOEK: The trio

* which headed the Dia-

mond and Gold Branch
of the police in South
West Africa for several
years, has been trans-
ferred to South Africa,
but it was not possible
to get support for the
rumours that they were
booted, and assigned
to lesser positions in
South Africa.

The men who were
transferred consituted
the hardcore of the
police’s diamond
squad, a special contin-
gent with separate
offices, and lived
divorced from the
normal activities of
police work.

They are:

- Captain Ben Mostert,
the chief of the dia-
mond squad for years
in South West Africa,
an unpretentious and
quiet officer

- Inspector S. Schoe-
man whose adventures
in laying traps nearly
cost him his life in
Katutura last year when
he encountered a noto-
rious South African
gem smuggler

= Inspector Louw Smith,

3400/520

the third member of the
trio.

Police never make
much sound about the
whereabouts of their
diamond squad
members, but it has
been learnt that Cap-
tain Mostert has been
transferred to
Upington, Inspector
Smit, now with the rank
of Lieutenant since he
is back in the South
African Police, to the
Kimberley offices of the

police’s diamond
squad, and Inspector
Schoeman, likewise

with the rank of lieute-
nant since he is back in
the South African
Police, to. Springbok,
another haven for dia-
mond smugglers.

The new head of the
Diamond and~ Gold
Branch in South West
Africa, Colonel Jan
Basson, has arrived a
few weeks ago, and has
taken command of a
police division he had
headed for several
years.

Asked, he declined,
quite friendly, to give
the names of his new
squad members. “The

32

NAMIBIA

chaps are here, and the
work is in progress, but
| feel that it serves no
purpose to have my
men identified,”
Colonel Basson said.

Meanwhile prepara-
tions are being made
for the move by the dia-
mond squad from
their present headquar-
ters in Moltke Street to
the 11th Floor of the
CDM Centre.

The new premises
are reconverted to suit
the special needs of the
branch, _ particularly
after the audacious raid
of the Moltke Street
offices early on the
morning of November
10 of this year when the
place was cleaned of
R138 000 in rough and
uncut gems, and about
R17 000 in cash as well
as two firearms, and a
number of confidential
documents.

Three people were
arrested in connection
with the raid, being
Connie Campbell, 33,
his wife Johanna, 24,
and Patric Plaatjies, 28.
The two men are out on
bail, and Mrs Campbell
on her own cognisance.


MUEZZINS CAUTIONED TO TONE DOWN PRAYER CALLS

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 13 Jan 84 p 5

[Text]

cso:

JOHANNESBURG:
Muslim spokesmen
today cautioned
muezzins who Called
worshippers to
prayer five times a
day over loudspeak-
ers mounted on the
rooftops of mosques,
to tone down the am-
plifiers in areas
where Christians,
Hindus and followers
of other faiths also
lived.

They were reacting to
some complaints over
the years from non-Mus-
lims in Indian and Col-
oured areas, and now
whites in Pageview, that
the azhaan (call to
prayer), especially in
the early hours of the
morning, disturbed their
right to peace.

Petitions have been
sent to the police, traffic
department and city
councils in Johannes-
burg, West and East
Rand, Rustenburg and
other areas by com-
plainants.

A Christian resident
of Pageview allegedly
threatened to shoot a
muezzin for the loud
dawn azhaan. The Mala-
wian muezzin told a

3400/596

newspaper that the
Pageview resident
threatened him with a
gun.

The resident denied
this and said he had
asked the muezzin on an
earlier occasion to tone
down the speakers, espe-
cially at weekends when
people wanted to sleep
without being disturbed.

Muslim spokesmen
today said Islam
stressed tolerance to-
wards people of other

72

beliefs and that both the
Koran and traditions ad-
vised Muslims to pray
silently if their mode of
worship disturbed
others.

A Koran scholar said:
“Islam means peace. It
is against arrogance, ag-
gressive attitudes and
intolerance in the ex-
pression of its beliefs.”

He added: “A state-
ment by an-Indian
spokesman yesterday
that more louder calls

SOUTH AFRICA

may have to be made
over loudspeakers in fu-
ture to reach Mayfair
Muslims is opportunistic
political rhetoric outside
the teachings of Islam.

“So was the statement
about religious wars.
Muslims and non-Mus-
lims without a proper
understanding of the
deeper implications of
Jehad (holy war) as
taught in the Koran
should refrain from
commenting on this Is-
lamic aspect.


SEYCHELLES

BRIEFS

FISHING AGREEMENT WITH FRANCE--An agreement between French ship operators and
the Seychelles Government was signed on Friday by Maxime Fayon, president and
director general of the Industrial Fishing Authority (SIFA), and by Jose
Basurco, representing the three French ship operators. Under the terms of

the agreement fishing licenses will be granted from mid-November to mid-
January 1984 to 12 tuna seiners. Four of these vessels have already been
operating for a year in the economic zone of Seychelles. In exchange the
French shipowners will pay licensing fees deemed satisfactory by the Seychelles
side. One of the chapters of the agreement stipulates that the shipowners
agree to use the port of Victoria in preference to others for the French tuna
fleet fishing in the western Indian Ocean. Therefore, the document ‘says,
transhipment and resupplying will be done in Port Victoria barring exceptional
circumstances. Let us recall that a fishing agreement was recently signed
with Spain and that negotiations will soon take place withthe EEC. An EEC
delegation will be coming to Victoria in January and Seychelles expects a
fishing agreement to be signed during that visit. [Text] [Victoria NATION in
French 9 Nov 83 p 1] 8796

FISHING, COOPERATION TALKS--Guy Lengagne, French secretary of state for
maritime affairs, left Seychelles yesterday evening at the end of a 2-day
visit during which he discussed fishing and other aspects of French-Seychelles
cooperation with President Albert Rene and with other government officials.
Immediately after arriving in Mahe, on Friday evening, the French minister
was received by President Rene at the State House. He gave to President Rene
a personal message from President Francois Mitterrand. During this meeting,
Mr Lengagne mentioned the traditional bonds of friendship existing between
France and Seychelles and expressed the hope that the long-standing cooperation
between the two countries will continue. Mr Lengagne's mission was to discuss
with the Seychelles authorities maritime and other issues under study between
Paris and Victoria. During his meeting with President Rene, Mr Lengagne
reiterated that France wants to support the Seychelles’ efforts to reach a
fishing agreement with the EEC. Mr Lengagne went to the President's Office
accompanied by Jacques Hodoul, minister of national development, and by
Georges Vinson, French ambassador to Victoria. The French minister for
maritime affairs had a chance to tour the port of Victoria and French tuna
fishing vessels in the port. Yesterday he visited the island of Praslin.
[Text] [Victoria NATION in French 5 Dec 83 p 1] 8796

33



TEACHING OF VERNACULAR AT INDIAN SCHOOLS WELCOMED

Durban POST NATAL in English 11-15 Jan 84 p 10

[Article by Bobby Harrypersadh]

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text] INDIAN cultural leaders have welcomed the planned intro-
duction of vernacular language instruction at Indian schools
from Standard 2 level this year.

cso:

Mr Ponsamy Paru-
man, president of the
SA Hindu Maha
Sabha, told POST: “It
is important that this
instruction be given
in the early years of
a child’s life, for it
has been scientifical-
ly proved that during
this period, the
child’s capacity to
learn is enormous,

“We therefore wel-
come the introduc-
tion of the language
instruction from the
Standard 2 level as
from the beginning of
this year.”

Mr Paruman said
Indian languages had
been offered at the
junior secondary
level for some time
now. Unfortunately
very few students
had taken advantage
of this.

He said in most
cases this had ‘been
the result of insuffi-
cient motivation on
the part of parents.

3400/596

Many parents had
been misled into be-
lieving learning an
Indian language
would hinder a child’s
English studies.

“This is not so. On
the contrary, our
children should be_
able to cope with
their mother tongue
with ease, since it is
going to be intro-
duced from Standard
2 level.

“The introduction
of Afrikaans — a
completely new lan-
guage to most of our
pupils — has shown
that pupil ability to
learn a new language
side by side with En-
glish in no way im-
paired the learning of
other subjects in the
curriculum. It should
be quite easy for our
children to learn
their mother tongue,”
he said.

Mr Gabriel Krog,
Director of Indian
Education, drew at-
tention to the fact
that there might be a
problem to find

48

- teachers to teach the

languages,

He said there were
about 169 teachers
who could teach
Hindi,for example.
But they were not
distributed in as
many schools as he
would have liked. For
instance, there might
be four vernacular

‘teachers in one

school and none at all
in another.

He said it had been
suggested the prob-
lem could be solved
by employing itin-
erant vernacular
teachers on different
circuits.

Mr Bal Ganesh,
chairman of the
Natal Indian Cultural
Organisation, said he
knew of many teach:
ers who have had ex-
perience in teaching
at private language
classes who have
made applications to
the Department to
teach their respective
languages.


Ferreira, points mainly to the nature of the work in a refinery, particularly
the requirements for qualified personnel_who are capable of doing the work
efficiently.

Moreover, the same manager believes that by carrying out preventive and
security tasks effectively (as any other task) depends, to a large extent,
on maintaining the equipment in order to maximize output. This means that
the personnel assigned to operate it must have a minimal amount of training
in all areas.

Minimal Conditions Created

In addition to a classroom, PETROMOC's training center has a projection room
to show films pertaining to the activities of a refinery. This ensures that
the center's usage is more in line with the work requirements.

The films shown there also deal with measures to be taken in the event that
a fire breaks out: both in how to extinguish it and how to protect the
remaining facilities that have not been hit.

A firefighting training ground complements the conditions created to make the
training as complete as possible.

As we were able to see, after a class on theory, the trainees take some time
training in fighting fires, All the necessary materials for this are there
on the premises, ‘

Involve all Workers

One detail worthy of mention is the fact that teaching workers about safety
and security is not limited to the fire fighting brigade, This training in-
cludes almost all the enterprise's refinery area workers, from administrative
personnel to the laborers from different departments.

According to the head of safety and security, "This measures is aimed at
meeting any contingency. In the event that fire breaks out, each worker
will know what to do."

“Of course, we have persons to give first aid and a first aid kit in each
department," concluded this same manager.

Different Courses Described
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 12 Dec 83 p 3
[Erticle by Marcelino Silva]
[Text] The PETROMOC Cadre Training Center, which is
located in the nation's capital, has been training skilled

workers from the literacy and adult education classes.
Reports gathered by NOTICIAS from the Human Resources

21



SOUTH AFRICA

BUTHELEZI'S CURBS ON NATAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS REPORTED
Academic Freedom Threatened
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Jan 84 p 13

[Text] Durban.--University of Natal authorities are to call for urgent
talks with the chief Minister of KwaZulu, Chief Gatsha Buthelezi, following
a decision which prevent students with KwaZulu government bursaries from
criticising the homeland's government, Chief Buthelezi of Inkatha. [as
published]

The Principal-elect of the university, Professor Peter Booysen, and Professor
Lawrence Schlemmer, part-time director of the Inkatha Institute, said yes-
terday they regretted having been quoted in the Press on Monday.

"In the interests of the planned discussion, I do not wish to comment fur-
ther," Prof Booysen said.

Last night, Chief Buthelezi criticised Prof Booysen for a Press statement
about the questioning by KwaZulu officials last week of bursary holders at
the University.

They were asked by the KwaZulu Cabinet and the Legislative Assembly to
sign a pledge to remain "faithful and loyal" to the KwaZulu government.

This prevented them from criticising that government, Chief Buthelezi or
Inkatha.

Chief Buthelezi said on Monday night the students had not been required to
"endorse KwaZulu's politics."

He said it was "immoral" for students, who were funded by the KwaZulu gov-
ernment, to be subjected to "vilification and character assassination."

Almost 1 000 students had been involved. They included potential teachers
as well as future doctors and nurses.

"We are passing through a very difficult stage in the Black political
struggle," he said.

51



SOUTH AFRICA

NEDBANK, ALLIED DECLINE COMMENT ON SECRET TALKS

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL BUSINESS DAY in English 20 Jan 84 p 1

[Article by Howard Preece]

[Text] NEDBANK and Allied Building
Society are planning to work togeth-
er in yet another massive deal that
will have a major impact on the

whole financial scene.

The two giants have combined assets of
about Ri4bn.

Neither party was prepared to comment on the
precise nature of the deal last night but there is
no question of any kind of formal merger.

Any such move would almost certainly be
blocked by the authorities and, in any case, it
would probably not be wanted by either manage-
ment

What does seem intended is a close business
relationship.

There is clear precedent in the links estab-
lished last year between the Standard Bank
group and the United Building Society.

A similar relationship would enable Nedbank
and Allied to work together to offer both their
customers additional services and to rationalise
some activities and operations.

The announcement of the deal was, however,
intended to be made by Nedbank and the Allied
this coming weekend.

Mr Rob Abrahamsen, Nedbank’s chief execu-
tive, said last night: “I have no comment to make.
Banks do not comment on any relations with
their clients.”

Mr H R Pascoe, the deputy managing director
of Allied, also had no comment.

It appears that the details are intended for
Sunday publication.

Business Day learned of the Nedbank/Allied
deal through market sources.

At the end of the financial year to March 1983
Allied had assets of just over R3bn.

In that year it granted R770m in mortgage
advances and re-advances.

The rise in mortgage advances took the out-
standing net amount to R2,2bn,

60
cso: 3400/596

Nedbank has had a remarkable success record
in recent years.

In the year to September Nedbank reported a
37,2% rise in disclosed taxed profit to R121,6m.

Total assets were then up to almost R10,6bn.

The past few years have seen a major upsurge
in competition between the banks and building
societies in line with the general Government
and Reserve Bank policy to encourage free mar-
ket economics.

This has been reflected in the move by banks,
led by Barclays, into the home mortgage business
and by the interest rate war on all sides to attract
deposits and new accounts.

ir Owen Horwood, Minister of Finance, has
also made clear that the tax concessions given to
the building societies are gradually to be phased
out.

ut.

At the same time, however, this means that
building societies must also be allowed to expand
their activities and to compete vigorously with
banks and other financial institutions for the
public’s money.

But the banks and building societies generally
are involved in colossal costs in, among others
things, the whole technology of electronic bank-
ing and in their branch networks.

saving rationalisation is an obvious

answer.
In April the Registrar of Financial Institutions

blocked a proposed take-over of Standard Build-

ing Society, part of the Standard Bank group, by
e UBS.

But it was then announced that Standard Bank
was to take over the UBS banking account and
that the organisations would fuse their compati-
ble banking networks and certain other client
services.

In that sense the Nedbank/Allied deal is no
surprise.

ledbank, however, comes under the effective
control of the Old Mutual which has traditionally
had close ties with the SA Permanent building
society.

There may, therefore, be more ramifications.



REYA Team Holds Talks
Workers Receive Certificates of Merit
Medical Aid From Sweden

Co-operative Production Increase Urged

MOZAMBIQUE

PETROMOC Trains Employees in Specialized Fields
(NOTICIAS, 12, 13 Dec 83)...ceeceeccsccecce

Security Guards, by Marcelino Silva
Different Courses Described, by Marcelino Silva
More Details

NAMIBIA

Territory Force To Resort to ‘Hot Pursuit’ Raids
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 21 Dec 83)..cceceeeeseee

Hopelessness Noted in Attitude of Independence-Seekers
(Editorial; WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 23 Dec 83)..seeeeee

Zambia To Revoke CANU Members' Deportation Orders
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 29 Dec 83)..

Administrator General Withdraws Bread Subsidy
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 21 Dec 83)..

Number of Blacks Passing Examinations Increases
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 22 Dec 83).....

Entire Police Diamond Command Transferred
(WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 23 Dec 83)..

SEYCHELLES

Briefs
Fishing Agreement With France
Fishing, Cooperation Talks
Cooperation Agreement With USSR
Possible French Aid in Information
Ministerial Visit to Italy and Romania

SOUTH AFRICA

Government Urged To Improve Human Rights Record
(Editorial; DIAMOND FIELDS ADVERTISER, 6 Jan 84)...

Acceptance of 'African Consciousness' Advocated
(Es'Kia Mphahlele; SOWETAN, 16 Jan 84).........20-

-b-

20

24

26

28

30

31

32

35

36



SOUTH AFRICA

RADIO COMMENTS ON REAGAN DECISION TO RUN AGAIN

MB310816 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 31 Jan 84

[Station commentary]

[Text] President Ronald Reagan--who in the past 3 years in office has dis-
tinguished himself as a charismatic leader, tough but also endowed with com-
passion, firm in his conviction that what the United States needs and wants
is strong leadership--has now brushed aside all speculation that at the age
of 72 he has'no stomach left for the pressure, and has decided to seek re-
election. In announcing his candidacy in nationwide television and radio
broadcasts, the president declared that America is back and standing tall.
And, indeed, there are few who dispute this claim.

It is particularly in the foreign policy directions he has pursued that
President Reagan has distinguished himself as a man of mettle: unwilling

to be pushed around by his enemies, and with mind stripped of naivete and
capable of formulating the calculated risks necessary for survival in this
nuclear age. President Reagan's pet hate is the Soviet Union, which he has
called that evil empire, and during his term in office he has taken decisive
steps to curb Soviet expansionism, and to ensure that the United States has
the muscle to back up the strong stand which it has taken against the Soviets.

Soviet deceit during previous disarmament negotiations has been unmasked and

although the nuclear arms limitation talks are now in stalemate, at least

the Soviets know that with Reagan, either it is a genuine reduction in arms,

a genuine balance of power, or it is a continuation of the costly and poten-

tially disastrous arms race. The defeatist slogan "better Red than dead" has
never been part of the Reagan makeup. Indeed, through his policies of vigor-
ous rearmament, he is ensuring that this does not become an ultimate option.

The Reagan era also heralded a much more lively and goal-conscious interest
elsewhere in the world, following the vacillation in American foreign policy
after the disastrous demoralizing experiences of the Vietnam war. Today, the
United States is involved directly in peace-making programs in the Middle East,
and particularly in Lebanon. It is inspiring Europe to stand firm against the
Soviet threat, and is backing inspiration with missiles. It is lashing out at
communism in the Carribbean and Central American regions, and the invasion of
Grenada to boot out the Cubans did for President Reagan what the Falklands war
did for British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.

40



SOUTH AFRICA

INCLUSION OF COLOUREDS, INDIANS IN NATIONAL SERVICE ADVOCATED
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 11 Jan 84 p 6
[Article by Martin Spring]

IText] I fail to see why the obligation to do national service, now to be
imposed on young men not yet South African citizens, should not also be
imposed on young coloured and Indian men born and raised in this country.

Some of you may remember that my first article published by The Star, in
April last year, constituted a plea for extension of national service to
non-citizens.

Therefore I welcome the Government's action in this regard-~though I have
some doubts about whether forcing young men automatically to become citizens
is necessarily the right way to tackle the problem.

Unfortunately the new national service policy, while removing the penalty
for citizenship, whether derived through birth or naturalisation, does not
remove the elements of discrimination based on race and sex.

T cannot see why only young white males should be penalised by having to
spend four years of their lives in the service of the State, while young
white females escape all obligation.

Tt may well be that most young women are temperamentally unsuited to a
combat role. But as in warfare there are about 10 persons behind the line
for every one actually doing the fighting, there should be plenty of scope
for replacing with female conscripts men now holding those positions.

Both Israel and the US have established some interesting precedents in the
use of women in their armed forces. The light and compact Uzi submachine-
gun was developed in Israel with the specific needs of female conscripts
in mind.

These are both countries that have close cultural and/or military similar-

ities with South Africa and we can learn from their success in harnessing
womenpower to national defence.

38



The BER warns that
skilled labour is still
short, despite the down-
swing in the overall
building cycle.

COMPEACENCY OUT

This “does not augur well for
the availability of skilled labour
and the resultant wage demands
in the next expansion phase.”

Bottlenecks for unskilled la-
bour are less serious, “but no
cause for complacency”.

Although supplies of face-
bricks have improved in some
regions, total brick shortages
are likely to continue until pro-
duction levels are raised.

The BER expects the private
housing sector to sag because of
the shortage of finance and the
relatively higher mortgage
rates, which should stay high
until about mid-1984.

Private non-residential build-
ings are also likely to be hit.

Over-all labour costs, which
increased sharply last year,

should be kept to a 16 percent
rise in 1984. "I Per

“Materials costs should, like-
wise, exhibit a slower rate of in-
crease — an average 15 percent
rise appears realistic.”

Plant costs are expected to
rise by about 13 percent on av-
erage during 1984, but no rise in
fuel prices is expected.

The BER says its survey re-
sults show a further improve-
ment in the over-all business
mood of respondents, although

the responses are still on the
pessimistic side.

Helping to keep demand for
private housing fairly buoyant
will be housing subsidies and the
public sector pay rises due in
1984, as well as a flow of im-
migrants.

“We estimate the real growth
in the private residential sector
to have been 11 percent in 1983.
We foresee a real 4,5 percent
decline in 1984 that will reflect
a downswing in the cycle from
the peak that was attained in
1983.

cso: 3400/568

“It is important to note, how-
ever, that the tendency in the
first six to nine months of 1984
will be downwards, but that by
the fourth quarter a revival in
the private house-building sec-
tor should once again be in the
offing.”

The amount set aside by the
authorities for low-income hous-
ing in the coming year should
exceed the inflation rate.

“On the other hand, it should
be stressed that a larger portion
of the available funds will be
channelled into basic infrastruc-
ture (roads, sewerage, etc) than
into traditional mass-housing
schemes.”

Over-all, the BER expects in-
vestment by public authorities
to be marginally up on 1983 fig-
ures.

It adds: “The prospects for
growth from the new (lower)
level reached in public corpora-
tion investment in housing ap-

38

Pear rosier now than at any
time during the past two years,

“We therefore expect a posi-
tive growth rate during see

“We expect that the decline in
public residential investment

will be arrested during the com-
ing year and that a four percent
real growth rate appears rea-
sonable and realistic.”

@ private non-residential
building cycle seems firmly set
on. its downswing, the BER says.

“We estimate a four percent
real decline in 1983 from the
high level reached in 1982 and
expect a further decrease of 8,2
aeeat in eal terms in invest-

in private non-residential
buildings during 1984.”

Spending by the authorities on
offices and other non-residential
buildings is expected to rise, “as
it is virtually impossible for

‘ernment to curtail s; ing
in this sector any further 8

“However, no dramatic in-
crease can be foreseen.”

22

3 i_|

69 70 71

72 73 74 73 76 77 7 79 GO & B82 83

The solid graph show that the rate of building cost increases has

started to accelerate again after peaking at over 30 percent (left

hand key) in 1981. The dotted graph (right hand key) shows that
the degree of competition in tendering has remained high.

63



ANGOLA

BUILDING INDUSTRY IN MALANGE EXPERIENCING DIFFICULTIES
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 2 Dec 83 p 4

[Text] Joao da Silva Dias, the provincial delegate for construction in
Malange, said his department is going through the most critical phase of all
time, caused essentially by "the habitual scarcity of construction material
and equipment."

The technical-material supply is not good, a fact which is due to weak
production by the cement, ink, tile and ironwork factories, among others.

As to the installation of the new equipment at the "Deolinda Rodrigues" cera-
mics factory, which would produce a substantial increase in the production
of bricks, Dias said that "nothing has been done in spite of the fact that
the equipment has been in the province for over 2 years."

He said that "this situation is the responsibility of the company that is

supposed to do the installation," which at first was Manutecnica. According
to a recent report from the National Administration of Construction Supplies,
the company now responsible for the installation technicians is Uniceramica.

In his opinion of the delegate, to be successful in the manufacture of bricks,
"Zt is not enough only to install the equipment; it is also necessary to
provide the personnel with adequate machinery, such as mixing trucks, digging
machines and accessories as well as fuel and lubricants to keep up their
daily maintenance and repair."

He stressed that the project for diverting water from the Muquixe, in the
municipality of Caculama, is awaiting the arrival of technicians to replace
the pumps, since the present installation is of low capacity and "falls short
of satisfying the needs of the people in the area."

Firefighters’! Anniversary

The 30th of November, when the firefighters celebrated another year of exis-
tance, was commemorated in this province by a political ceremony presided
by Domingos Dilucumbo, provincial delegate of the Ministry of Labor.



Although the markets remain the
most important outlets for vegetables,
this might dwindle in the future as large
chain groups step up buying direct from
the producer, the conference was told.

A special SA Agricultural Union re-
port on vegetables said: “Market auth-
orities as well as organised agriculture
will have to make an effort to give a
more efficient service to the buyer and
theseller.”

The union also warned against cartel-
forming and the ever increasing buying
power of several expanding chain
groups.

Wool increase

An optimistic note was sounded by
South Africa’s wool farmers.

The Wool Board reported to the
Agrocon that wool prices were expected
to increase by up to 10 percent in the
1984/85 season.

‘The wool industry throughout the
world, but particularly in South Africa,
had indisputably proved it was a sound
industry by surviving one of the worst
world recessions.

South African woolgrowers could face
the future with the fullest confidence
that their industry’s infrastructure was
basically sound and that their risk was
well distributed in sheep, which produc-
ed both mutton and wool, the confer-
ence was told.

‘The 1982/83 clip totalled R265,9 mil-
lion and was supplemented by R18,6
million from the stabilisation fund to
R284,5 million.

‘Farmers Hold Key to World Peace

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Jan 84 p 10

[Text]

A FORMER United States
Minister of Agriculture, Mr Earl
L Butz, said yesterday farmers
held world peace in their hands.

In the keynote address to the
Agricultural Outlook confer-

in Pretoria he said he was
cohvinced unless the world
sdived the problem of feeding
ever increasing mouths it would
be impossible for the world’s
diplomats to build a basis for a
peaceful world.

“Food is basic. Food comes
first. If we can do that then we
will go a long way to making it
possible to control the threat
that hangs over our head today
— that before another sunrise
half of us might not be here,” he
said.

He was convinced the world
farmer had the capacity and
ability to double food produc-
tion in the next generation.

But at the same time he was
alarmed about the present world
drive toward economic national-
ism, and the trend towards trade!
barriers.

“You sec it all over the world.

cso: 3400/568

50

“This is associated in .part
with the drive for food self-suffi-
ciency. And that comes, I pre-
sume, partly because of the pol-
itical insecurity that grips so
much of the world today.”

What it boiled down to, said
Mr Butz, was a race between the
“stork and the plough”.
ten there is any international

inguage, its the lan
fengu 3 guage of

“It pierces iron curtains; it
ranscends mountain ranges; it
crosses the oceans; it’s truly a
universal language.”

Tt was no use talking to hun-

gty people about democracy,
about human dignity, about hu-
man freedom.

“A piece of bread is the only
language that matters to them.”

Has estimated that the
world population would grow to
7,5-billion 35 yearsfrom now.

“We must keep our agricul-
tural industry healthy. We must
keep it in able hands,” Mr Butz
said.


Despair

Some appear close to
despair that ethical,
scientific or conserva-
tion values can survive,
let ‘alone whales.

Yet, despite such
problems, in recent
years the IWC has
changed from a “club”
of whaling countries to
a commission that now
recognizes biological as
well as economic reali-
ties. It has taken some
tough decisions, and
even secured compli-
ance with some of them.

CSO: 3400/584

Despite its glaring
faults, the commission
has more than doubled
its membership in a few
years and is able to
show it has progressed.
To maintain this and re-
main effective it is criti-
cal that member coun-
tries continue to be
involved.

Because, like any
commission or group,
the IWC is as effective
as its members make it.
And South Africa, with
all the rest, has some-
thing to give.

56

Signatory

In 1946, South Africa
was an original signato-
ry of the Whaling Con-
vention that recognized
“the interest of the
nations of the world in
safeguarding for future
generations the great
natural resources repre-
sented by the whale
stocks”. For 30 years,
South Africa profited
more than most from
whaling in the Antare-
tic; with the other origi-
nal signatory countries,
she has an ethical obli-

gation to remain with
the IWC now.

From an international
perspective, withdrawal
amounts to an ungener-
ous abdication of an ii
ternational conserva-
tion obligation. Whales
are international ani-
mals. Those seasonally
using South African wa-
ters have not, and do
not, live and develop
separately from other
southern hemisphere
whales. Much research
is still needed. The‘IWC
will be poorer if South
Africa leaves: and so
will South Africa.



ETHIOPIA

MAOIST DAILY: POW'S STARVING IN ERITREAN CAMPS
Oslo KLASSEKAMPEN in Norwegian 13 Dec 83 p 13
[Article by Trine Lynggard: "POW's Dying of Hunger"]

{Text] The situation for Ethiopian POW's in Eritrea has
worsened recently by reason of drought and famine in the
area. Ten to twelve POW's now are dying each month of
hunger and malnutrition. Last year, 70 POW's died; this
year, certainly at least 150 will die unless they soon get
help from the outside.

Henning Morch of Physicians' Eritrea Action has just returned home from
Eritrea with new information concerning the serious condition in which some
5,600 POW's find themselves.

Long-Standing Malnutrition

The situation is particularly critical for the 1,300 Ethiopian soldiers who
have surrendered to EPLF after the sixth offensive in June of last year.
They came from the Ethiopian army in wretched condition. Many of them are
in EPLF's central hospital in the Orotta area in the Sahel mountains.

"Those whom I saw here were so exhausted from long-standing malnutrition that
they could not manage to stand up. Some of them had lost their hair because
of this. All are extremely anemic, with a blood percent of about 30 percent
(the normal is approximately 90); they suffer from serious deficiency diseases

such as dysentary and the like."

Extra Burden

"EPLF is doing its utmost to make the prisoners healthy, but they lack food
even for their own people and troops, while the worst drought in many decades
now ravages Eritrea. It is an enormous extra burden for a poor and hard-
pressed liberation movement to support nearly 6,000 men who by and large are
unable to produce anything for themselves."

"Nevertheless, I can attest that the Ethiopian POW's receive exactly the same
food and the same treatment as every EPLF cadre and soldier in the base area.

10



JPRS~SSA~ 84-020

9 February 1984

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

Con TENTS
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
Briefs
New Budget for ECOWAS 1
ANGOLA
Luanda's View on War Discussed in Official Document
(WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 23 Dec 83)..ceccecececvccccees 2
Journalist Tours Southern Region, Refutes SA, UNITA's
Claims
(Richard Helmore; WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 23 Dec 83)... 4
GDR Equipment on Display in Luanda
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 1 Dec 83)...ceccccccccceccceves 6
Building Industry in Malange Experiencing Difficulties
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 2 Dec 83)..ccceccceccccccescece 8
ETHIOPIA
Maoist Daily: POW's Starving in Eritrean Camps
(Trine Lynggard; KLASSEKAMPEN, 13 Dec 83) .ceeeeece 10
Student Population in Shoa Region Rises by 259.9 Percent
(THE ETHIOPIA HERALD, 13 Jan 84)..cceccecscceceees 13
Production of Natural Gum Shows Marked Increase
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 11 Jan 84)..seseeseoes 15
Briefs
Institute Graduates 25 Technicians 17
Star Workers Awarded Prizes 17

-a- [III - NE & A - 120]



NAMIBIA

NUMBER OF BLACKS PASSING EXAMINATIONS INCREASES

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 22 Dec 83 p 1

[Text]

The nation’s school-
leavers were abuzz with ex-
citement today, determined
to find out what future lies
in store for them.

A total of 2150 can-
didates wrote matric ¢x-
aminations throughout the
country.

What the __ statistics
revealed was that black
education still has a long
road ahead to reach parity
with white education.

Of the 795 matric can-
didates in white schools,
90% of them were succes-
sful.

In black schools there
were a record number of
1365 candidates of whom
580 passed the matricula-
tion exam, compared to
419 last year.

The number of black
candidates rose steeply
from 928 last year.
~ The number of black
schools writing the matric

cso: 3400/520

SOME OF THE MATRIC results an-
nounced yesterday in Namibia were
outstanding with 15 candidates getting
A aggregates and the number of black
students getting matric exemptions
doubling.

exam jumped from 16 last
year to 21.

‘What was most promis-
ing was the number of can-
didates getting university
passes at black schools.

This jumped from 32
last year to 68 this year.

Of the candidates getting
A agrregate matrics, 14 of
them were from whites
schools, Academia and
Windhoek Hoerskool each
producing five — super

pupils.

Gerrit William Clarke of
the Hoerskool Dr Lemmer
in Rehoboth, pushed the
number of A aggregate
scholars up to 15.

‘One pupil from Swakop-
mund, Stefan Bohlke, of
the Deutsche Oberschule
got an A aggregate.

A delighted Stefan said
he would be going to the
Univeristy of Cape Town

31

next year to study
chemical engineering.

While the number of
black matric candidates in-
crease this year the number
of white candidates drop-
ped slightly and the percen-
tage who got university
passes also dropped.

There were 795 can-
didates at white schools
compared to 812 last year.

And the number getting
university passes dropped
to 305 from 383 last year.

But the percentage pass-
ing matric increased slight-
ly to 90% this year from
88,42% last year.

The percentage of black
students getting matrics
droped slightly from 45%
Jast year to 43% this year.

But the percentage could
increase once the results of
supplementary and others
exams have been com-
pleted early next year.



FERRO-CHROME PRODUCTION TO BOOST EARNINGS

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 16 Jan 84 p 15

[Article by Priscilla Whyte]

[Text]

FERRO-CHROME production in South Africa will
be increased by about 35% in 1984 and should earn
the country between R300m and R400m.

This is the view of Mr John Hall, chairman of the
South African Ferro-Alloys Producers Association
and chairman of Middelburg Steel.

He said: “Ferro-chromium exports will be 780 000
tons this year.”

On current price estimates, this means earnings
of between R320m and R400m.

Ferro-chrome prices have moved from a low in
1983 of 34 US cents a pound to 40c/41c now.

Mr Hall said in an interview he expected the price
to continue to firm as the world economic recovery
gained momentum.

In 1983, about 580 000 tons of ferro-chrome was
produced. The previous peak in production was in
1979/1980, when about 636 000 tons and 682 000 tons
of ferro-chrome was produced respectively.

South African production in 1981 was 560 000 tons
and in 1982 438000 tons. The capability of SA to
produce 850 000 tons a year represents 50% of world
consumption of ferro-chrome.

CSO: 3400/596

73

Mr Hall estimates that world consumption of
ferro-chrome will increase 23% from 1,3-million
tons in 1983 to 1,6-million tons in 1984.

The last peak in international consumption was
1,6-:llion tons in 1979 tapering off to 1,5 million
tons in 1980, 1,4 million tons in 1981 and 1,3 million
tons in 1982.

The SA contribution to world ferro-chrome pro-
duction in 1970 was only 10% at 160 000 tons.

Today it is over 40%.

The economic cycle in ferro-chrome demund fol-
lows this pattern. As demand for ferro-chrome
drops, the situation is aggravated by a greater avail-
ability of the chromium unit in scrap, because scrap
has been generated from the previous upturn.

When demand for ferro-chrome increases, there is
a shortage of chromium units in scrap because of the
low level of activity in industry during the last
recession.

About 75% of ferro-chrome production is con-
sumed in the manufacture of stainless steel.

International stainless steel production is also
icking up. Mr Hall says production in 1984 will be

tween 6,5-million and 7-million ingot tons, an
improvement of 16% on 1983 production.



as well as members of the club in Sweden. Comrade Haile~Mariam thanked
Ethiopians residing in Sweden for the donation. Dr. Mohammed on his part
said similar donations will be made by Ethiopians in Sweden until the prob-
lems of man-made and natural calamities in Ethiopia are overcome. (ENA)
[Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 11 Jan 84 p 1]

CO-OPERATIVE PRODUCTION INCREASE URGED-~HARAR (ENA)--The Peasants association
of Harar-Zuria provice in Hararghe region has urged its members to boost their
agricultural produces through co-operatives. The call was made last week at
the end of the fourth regular meeting of the Harar-Zuria provincial peasants
association which reviewed the activities of the association in the last 18
months. Comrade Mustapha Sali, Chairman of the association, in his progress
report during the period under review said that there are 29 producers co-
operatives in Harar-Zuria province with a total membership of over 1,800 and
a working capital of over 2.2 million birr engaged in co-operative farming on
a total of 155,200 hectares of land. He said that the 29 producers co-oper-
atives in the province are being strengthened organizationally at Malba and
Wolba levels--primary and intermediate levels of co-operative--using tractors,
plough oxen, water pump motors and freight truck to improve their production
adn transport their produces to the market. Members of the Harar-Zuria pro-
vincial peasants association have also been engaged in clearing and repairing
feeder-roads connecting their cooperative with each other and to market out-
lets and in soil conservation and afforestation schemes. Over 800 peasants
who had followed modern techniques for raising farm productivity are presently
giving advise and technical support to peasants in their respective localities
in the efforts now underway to boost agricultural production in Hara-Zuria
province. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 11 Jan 84

P 6]

CSO: 3400/595

19



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
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Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



MOZAMBIQUE, ZIMBABWE TO BE APPROACHED TO IMPROVE RIVER TRANSPORT

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 26 Jan 84 p 1

{Excerpts] THE PARTY and its government is to approach the governments of
Mozambique and Zimbabwe to work out ways to improving river transport on the
Zambezi and Luangwa rivers, President Kaunda disclosed in Luangwa yesterday.

The President noted that although the countries share part of the two rivers
transport among them was not properly organised. He said Zambia would approach
the two countries in the spirit of cooperation of the Southern African Develop-
ment Coordination Conference (SADCC).

Once improved, he noted, river transport would enable people living in the ad-
joining areas to visit each other frequently and help cement the already sound
relations among the three countries.

President Kaunda who is in Luangwa to continue his tour of markets and shops
dealing with essential commodities appealed to people in Luangwa district to
maintain good relations with these neighbouring countries.

He lauded the courage displayed by the people of the district during the liber-
ation wars of Zimbabwe and Mozambique.

He said the people of Luangwa bore the saddest consequences of the two liberation
wars with unequalled courage because they understood the Party and its government
policy which seeks to boot out the victimisation from others.

He however, implored them to maintain even greater courage in the face of on-
going liberation wars in Namibia and South Africa. Dr Kaunda said he was also
impressed by the great strides the district has made in the lima programme and
political fields.

He told them that the nation needed a strong Party to succeed in its programme.
He pointed out that it was a pity that the Zambezi and Luangwa rivers were being
allowed to empty their waters while the country continued to pray for rains
essential for realising its programme of increased food production.

He said efforts were being made to utilise the water of the two rivers as soon
as funds were available, he said.

CSO: 3400/597
88



cso:

3400/596

On the basis of avail-
able evidence, one can say
South Africa pursued
three immediate objec-
tives in its latest opera-
tion: to thwart a Swapo
sweep into Namibia, to
force Angola to stop su
porting Swapo and to help
the SA agent, Jonas Sa-
vimbi, topple the MPLA
povernment in Luanda or

me a senior partner
in a new government of
national unity.

But these immediate
objectives are only a
means towards a general-
ly accepted settlement in
Namibia, which will help
to stabilise the region.

South Africa, it is true,
has had considerable suc-
cess in forcing the govern-
ments on our north-east-
ern borders to meet its
demands . . . after subject-
ing them to considerable
pressure.

But Angola is not
Mozambique. South Africa
could exert pressure on
Mozambique or Lesotho
without a real internation-
al outery.

However, Namibian in-
dependence is an interna-
tional issue and, because
of that, the war on our
north-western border has
become internationalised.

Russia has invested
20000 Cubans and a con-
siderable amount of pres-
tige in Angola and will not
allow the MPLA govern-
ment to be toppled or
pushed around too much.

The West is on the de-
fensive on Namibia and is
increasingly. nervous

43

about shielding South
Africa or playing its medi-
ating role. Once the Rea-
gan Administration is
gone, we will stand alone.

Even that is a price
South Africa can pay, as
long as it attains its goals.

But what is being
achieved by the fighting?
It is no longer credible to
maintain that Swapo can
be eliminated. Even if
Swapo is dealt heavy
blows, thanks to Russian
involvement, it keeps
coming back evs year.

Abraham Lincoln once
said: the difficult thing is
not to thrash the enemy
but to keep it thrashed,

But even more impor-
tant, it does not look as if
South Africa is
any nearer to a settlement
in Namibia. Everyone
knows Swapo will win a
free election.

The fighting has gone on
so long, a viable internal
settlement which ex-
cludes Swapo is no longer
a real

The time has come to
ask: why is South Africa
fighting in Angola?

Apart from the human

“lives lost, the cost seems

staggering; +e. the
alienation of fe West and
a war bill of nearly
R1000-million a year —
when inflation is running
rampant and the Govern-
ment needs every cent to
make the new constitu-
tional dispensation work.

Why did 21 South Afri-
can troops die last month
in Angola?



cso:

3400/520

military wing suffered so heavily that a regrouping can
be done only at make-shift expediency. There also was
highlighted during the year the fact that South Africa is
presently more concerned with FAPLA, Angola’s
regular army, than with SWAPO, correctly identifying
the growing power of an army prepared to fight for
their country with South Africa equally determined to
aid her ally UNITA, a political and military struggle to
gain dominance in influence in the subcontinent, with a
view to dictate the political terms in the end.

Thus, for the nationalists of the fatherland among
whom we take our place with pride irrespective of the
consequences, the message is hard. On us there has
fallen the fate to empty the mug, regardless of the out-
come.

We have no illusions about hardship, for we are tied
in holy matrimony to reality and to principles.

We realise that our country has two choices - to align
itself to South Africa, and to work with the South
Africans with a view to be absorbed and incorporated
by them, or to work for a country where our people
despite diversity are one, and speak as one, and where
we take possession of our country, heal its wounds and
work for its welfare, while at the same time taking our
place in the community of nations, and living in peace
and cooperation with our neighbours, including South
‘Africa which is needed by us not to dictate to what we
should do and become, but to help us getting up from
our knees.

The hopes are forlorn, for we are neither wanted nor
discarded. We are being raped, and we are being
plundered. God willing, there will be at some
unspecified future date a turning point. It must come,
for the law of averages certainly did not discount South
West Africa.

27



ACCEPTANCE OF 'AFRICAN CONSCIOUSNESS' ADVOCATED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 16 Jan 84 p 7

[Article by Es'Kia Mphahlele:

damned black spot!),
and the living Sabra
wiseheads must be smil-

ves”. Urban Africans
use “homelands” quite
gtibly. They have writ-
ten off the 15 million or
so because they identify
those people with their
chief Ministers and
presidents whom hi:

has chosen to anoint as
caretakers of the territo-
ries. Urbanites truly re-
gard themselves as more
“advanced” than our ru-

ral . Our ur-
ban writers don’t even
care to go “out there” to
acquaint themselves in-
timately with rural cul-
ture. And they still don’t
realize how much the
poorer their writing is.
Poorer because it
doesn’t tell a quarter of

"Let's Stay African"]

Zale speakers, in and
outside “KwaZulu” of-

- ficial circles and the ru-

the story of black South,

Africa. Is Sol Plaatjie
going to be the last
writer to recognise rural
as one of
the most poignant dra-
mas of our history?
What’s worse, we
have unwittingly ac-

speaking people have
acknowledged with

heard just too many

36

ral populace, say they
are the “Zulu nation”.
A sociologist who lec-
tures in a New York uni-
versity said at a confer-
ence in 1976 that when-
ever he’s asked by
whites what “tribe” he
to he answers,
“I belong to no tribe, I
belong to the Zulu na-
tion!” Crazy mixed-up
ironies, you'll observe.
On being interviewed
by radio at the Univer-
sity of Texas in Austin
(USA) — a writer re-
plied to the same ques-
tion “'m Zulu.” When
my turn came I said “I'm
South African, stuff the
tribe nonsense.” But
your fellow countryman
told us he’s Zulu, was
the radio journalist’s i

my reply. “If you want
to know what my
mother tongue is, in a
healthy context, I shall
tell you.”

If the territorial lead-
ers want to convince us
that they happen to be
victims of history like

SOUTH AFRICA

the rest of us, and that

to refer to their territo-
ties, then they must ed-
ucate their constitu-
encies to spurn such flat-
tery. They must re-
mounce the label
“nation” or “nation

_ States”. Acceptance of a

colonial term is accep-
tance of the thought car-
ried by it; it is to ap-
prove of our colonial
condition.

What an ironic turn
the vocabulary often
takes, as when a New
York Times article re-
ferred to Chief Gatsha
as “leader of the Zulu
tribesmen”! It is not un-
common to hear a white
man abroad ask “You
are a South African? —I
have met a number of
poral To him, as to

others of the
white world, Zulus are
the only black reality in
South Africa. It has
something to do with the
history of the Zulu
speaking people.
There’s plenty of litera-
ture whipping about
overseas that conjures.


of Switzerland, Dr N Senn, signed on behalf of his bank, which is the "lead
manager" in the transaction. The other co-managers are Swiss Volksbank,
Deutsche Bank (Suisse) SA, Handelsbank NW and Banca Della Svizzera Italiana.
Mr Horwood said the loan was not an "ear-marked" one and would be used for
general Government financing. He was happy with the terms which "fits in
nicely with our loan programme".--Sapa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN
in English 21 Jan 84 p.17]

AECI BUYS NATIONAL EXPLOSIVES--AECI has confirmed that it has bought the
assets of explosives manufacturerer National Explosives (NEL) for an undis-
closed price, AECI director Chris von Solms said. NEL was owned 25 percent
by the quoted Hanhill Industries and 75 percent by National Process Indus-
tries, both members of a group headed by Oliver Hill. AECI is by far the
biggest supplier of explosives in South Africa, although monopolistic
agreements it held with the Chamber of Mines, Sasol and Sentrachem were
declared unlawful in a report filed by the Competitions Board in 1982. Mr
Von Solms said the initial approach for the deal had come from Hanhill.

"I think we can do something with the firm and I think they would have had
trouble had they kept it," he said. The deal is subject to Competitions
Board approval but Mr Vons Solms said he did not expect there to be any
problems. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 21 Jan 84 p 17]

cso: 3400/584


Directorate of that domestic strategic enterprise indicate
that several workers who had completed the adult education
classes in previous years were trained as metal workers,
welders, electricians, pump and compressor mechanics among
other skills since the end of 1982 to now.

It was realized in November 1982 that one group had "survived" the most
recent adult education classes. The members of this group had graduated and
were immediately placed in several trade courses scheduled at that time."

According to the information provided by that firm's human resources director,
Antonio Jose Langa, "We grouped these workers with others recruited by the
labor services who had a seventh grade education."

Trainees' Level of Education Respected

One peculiarity that characterized these courses right from the beginning
was the need to respect the level of education some of the trainees have,
particularly those who were just finishing the adult education classes.

In order to prepare the workers for the specific nature of the work done by
that firm, the first part of the training consisted of teaching the basics
in Physics, Chemistry, Math, Portuguese language and an introduction to the

oil (industry.

The next phase was almost entirely dedicated to the skills. It was at this
point that workers were selected for each skill and each group then began to
attend classes according to the nature of each course.

The fact that there are short breaks between the theoretical classes and the
hands-on experience is noteworthy. According to our source, this permits
rather rapid assimilation of the subject matter connected with the work they
are being trained to do. Our interlocutor explained, "This means that,

in certain cases, the trainees go from a theoretical class to hands-on train-
ing after a break. This allows them to encounter what they learn in theory

in real life situations."
147 Workers Trained

A total of 147 workers have been trained in the following skills: 22
as metalworkers, 9 as welders, 13 as electricians, 16 as pump compressor
mechanics, 36 in production and shipping, 6 for the thermal electric
plant and 45 for several areas connected with the refinery's safety and

security.

Higher Education

The activities involved in training cadres for that important sector of
the nation's economy are not restricted to local efforts. As our inter-
locutor indicated, there is a constant need for increasing the capacity to

deal with work requirements.

22


ZAMBIA

NATION EXPECTS TO EARN MORE THAN THREE MILLION KWACHA
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 25 Jan 84 p 2

[Excerpt] ZAMBIA expects to earn more than K3 million. from coffee exports a
year through Indeco's new subsidiary, the Zambia Coffee Company, in Kasama
which becomes operational this year, said an Indeco spokesman in Lusaka yester-

The spokesman said in a Press statement that the new company would be the sdle
processing and trading agency for the entire coffee production in Zambia, as
was the case with other coffee-growing countries.

The company's acting general manager is Mr Alex Lufwendo, former Nakambala
Sugar Estates cultivation manager in Mazabuka.

Mr Lufwendo 35, holds a Bachelor of Science degree in agriculture, which he ob-
tained from the University of Zambia in 1973.

He briefly worked for the Government as a crop husbandry officer before he was
seconded to the Zambia Sugar Company as an assistant agronomist.

He has since held various senior posts and attended several management courses.

"When fully operational, the Zambia Coffee Company will export an estimated
800 tonnes of coffee annually worth between K2.4 million and K3.2 million,"
the spokesman said in the statement.

Zambian coffee is ranked among the "exclusive five per cent top bracket," be-
cause of its high blending quality. Average prices now are K3,000 a tonne,
but it could fetch more than that amount.

The Kasama coffee scheme was developed by Rucom Industries, an Indeco subsidi-
ary, at a cost of K15 million. It comprises -450:hectares.

From that hectarage, Indeco expected to produce about 1,100 tonnes of coffee
beans a year. Out of this amount 800 tonnes would be exported, leaving the
rest for local consumption. The coffee would be roasted and ground at the
company's central plant in Kasama.

cso: 3400/597
87



ANGOLA

GDR EQUIPMENT ON DISPLAY IN LUANDA
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 1 Dec 83 p 2

[Excerpt/ The commercial exposition from the GDR, which was inaugurated in
Luanda last Tueday, November 29, by Ismael Gaspar Martins, Angolan Minister
of Foreign Trade, is still open to the public.

The exposition, which is the second of its kind held in Angola by the GDR,
includes the participation of 14 German exporting companies and aims to
broaden the commercial relations between the 2 countries through an increase
in trade and an increase in technical cooperation, which ts already substan-

tial.

The exposition can be seen by tte public at the "Casa Americana" grounds and
will be open until December 6. It shows a broad range of merchandise and
technologies that have been adapted to the needs of the People's Republic
of Angola. The display includes agricultural, technical and communications
equipment, refrigeration systems, household appliances, glass and porcelain
objects, textiles and toys.

According to reports received by this newspaper from the director, the
exposition has awakened notable interest on the part of the public and local
businesses, Some ministries have expressed an interest in obtaining commer-
cial contracts for some of the products offered by the GDR at this exposition.

It is worth noting that commercial exchange relations between Angola and the
CDR revolve around several activities, mainly in agriculture. During the last
few years, the German company Fortschitt Landmaschinen Export-Import supplied
Angola with agricultural equipment as well as the necessary technical assis-
tance and personnel training.

Up to now, the main German equipment acquired by Angola has been thrashing
reapers and agricultural tractors, The new machines presented at this
exposition are based on the models manufactured by the German company, and
include foragers, portable milking machines and others.

Angola, on the other hand, has exported various products to the GDR. The
most important of these is coffee, and contracts are being developed which

will supply the GDR with iron ore.



--Organised killing is a rarity. And hired killers--they often have a criminal
background--mostly take on a "contract" because they themselves have an old
argument to settle with the victim.

--Guns might also be used when drug deals go wrong for one of the parties.
Shots might be fired to get back money or just to scare.

--Complainants do not always come forward for fear of retribution. Often it
is only after the culprits have been apprehended that the police are notified
on a violent crime which they have committed previously.

--Those responsible for a killing may pay damages to the bereaved family. In
these cases, the police may get little help.

--Although extra patrols are set up over weekends and loads of illegal liquor
are confiscated the police in Soweto have an enormous area to cover. Soweto
has an estimated 1 500 000 residents, but Eldorado Park, Lenasia and Noordge-
zicht--with more than 180 000 residents--also fall under Soweto.

We also spoke to Lieutenant-General Christie Zietsman, chief deputy commis-
sioner of the South African Detective Branch, to get an idea of how Soweto's
violent deaths compare with the rest of South Africa.

According to Gen Zietsman, the number of violent deaths in South Africa has
significantly decreased since 1979/1980 (a police year starts on July 1 and
ends on June 30 of the following year).

In 1979/1980 43 250 violent deaths were reported, while 38 922 violent deaths
were reported last year.

He said Soweto was 14th on South Africa's overall crime list. At the moment
the Western Province has the highest crime rate, Port Natal takes second place
and the Witwatersrand third.

Fourth on the list was the East Rand, followed the Eastern Province, Northern
Transvaal, the Eastern Transvaal, West Rand and Natal.

Police sections with less crime than Soweto were Far Northern Transvaal, North
of the Orange, Norther Natal, the Northern Cape, Kimberley and the Eastern
Province border.

He also gave us an idea of how the incidence of murder was distributed against
the different race groups in the 1982/1983 police year:

--Murder where a firearm was involved: in 63 cases whites by whites, in four
cases whites by coloureds or Indian, 30 cases whites by blacks, 12 cases
coloureds or Indians by whites, 46 cases blacks by whites and 628 cases non-
white by non-white.

--Murder by other means: in 67 cases whites by whites, eight cases whites by
coloureds or Indians, 39 cases whites by blacks, five cases coloureds or

58



SOUTH AFRICA

DETAILS ON MURRAY & ROBERTS EMPLOYEES GIVEN
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES~BUSINESS TIMES in English 15 Jan 84 p 1
{Article by David Carte] ~

[Text] THE 67 000 South Africans who work diligently for Murray & Roberts in
fields as diverse as construction, spices and helicopters, are doing it largely
for charity.

M&R is controlled through Anchusar by three Douglas Murray trusts. According
to the trustees, 75% of the trusts' dividend income, which comes exclusively
from M&R, goes to charity.

The rest is retained--to protect the charitable beneficiaries in case there is
ever a dividend cut. The trusts have 63% of Anchusar, which has 43,7% of the
voting shares (47% of the issued shares) in M&R.

Murray & Roberts, with turnover of R2 020-million and a market capitalisation
of R200-million, is the third-biggest company in SA not in the Anglo American,
Old Mutual, Sanlam or Rembrandt sphere of influence.

Lest any hungary predator should have visions of grabbing control of M&R from
a bunch of old biddies, Jeremy Ractliffe, financial director of M&R and one
of the six trustees of the Douglas Murray trusts, says control is safer in the
trust than in might be in family hands or an institution.

"Our employees don't only work for charity," says Mr Ractliffe. "They work for
shareholders and themselves, having a common interest in maximising the wealth
of the company.

"I would say one reason for our relatively good performance has been our inde-
pendence from a major power bloc, which we see as an asset rather than a lia-
bility."

Asked if the trustees would consider a generous bid for M&R, another trustee
told Business Times: "At present the trustees would never go against the
wishes of M&R's management or against what they construe to be the wishes of
the late Mr Douglas Murray, whose assets make up the trusts.

74



SOUTH AFRICA

SWEDISH REPORTER VISITS SOMAFCO, ANC SCHOOL IN TANZANIA
Stockholm SVENSKA DAGBLADET in Swedish 9 Jan 84 p 5

[Article by Karin Henriksson]

[Text] Morogoro, Tanzania--"You know who the school is named after, don't you?"
asked Ann Flayser in an urgent tone. Hanging everywhere are posters with a
stylized portrait of Solomon Mahlangu--the ANC member who was killed on 6 April
1979 at the age of 19 and who is a symbol for the new generation of those fight-
ing apartheid.

The Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College, abbreviated SOMAFCO, is located outside
Morogoro, not quite 120 miles from Tanzania's capital, Dar-es Salaam. It is
home to 1,200 people--most of them South Africans in exile. The others are

foreign helpers and sympathizers.

Mohammed Tickly, the school's administrator, says: "I am on my way from London
to South Africa with a stopover on the way." He adds that he has spent more
years outside South Africa's borders than he has inside them.

The students currently number just over 500. They are the children of members
of the ANC, the banned South African liberation movement.

Some of the children came here secretly from South Africa. Others, such as
Ann Flayser, were sent here from other countries of exile. Some of the youngest

were born at SOMAFCO.

"My mother, brother, and I left South Africa to join my father, who belongs to
the ANC and who has been in exile for a long time.

"My brother is 17, and I am 21, and we have lived here for 4 years. Our par-
ents live in Mozambique now, but we cannot see them. But perhaps it would not
be right for them to come visit us when there are so many here who do not know
anything about their parents," says Ann Flayser.

She will finish school within a year. What will happen then?

"Most of us have received scholarships. I myself would like to study interna-
tional law. Preferably in the Soviet Union or Cuba. I think I would get. the

best education there."

44



Shortages a Threat

Tanzania has assumed the role of one of the leaders in the SADCC [Southern
African Development Coordination Conference], which is a cooperation organiza-
tion for countries in southern Africa. The ANC's representative in Tanzania
expresses some concern, however, over the country's economic situation--such
things as the shortage of products may eventually jeopardize liberation work.

SOMAFCO was built with support from Sweden, the other Nordic countries, Holland,
Austria, and such Third-World countries as Angola, India and, naturally, Tan-
zania. The Swedish aid organization, SIDA [Swedish International Development
Authority], is providing one of the biggest grants for the new agricultural
units.

Mohammed Tickly says: "Some of the clothes we are wearing are from Sweden."

The school's supply room contains a great many shelves with things from Sweden.
And standing on the floor is a kicksled!

English teacher John Carneson says: "We found it in a box. I use it in my
classes. It helps the students learn all about Lapps and Eskimos."

Meatless Days

There is a primary school, a secondary school, a kindergarten, and an infant
home, as well as a small cottage hospital and, besides the carpentry shop, a
sewing room, a tailor shop, a photo lab, and a small workshop.

Meatless meals are served 2 days a week. The visiting reporters were offered
the usual "ugalin" (corn porridge) with potatoes, beans, and peas. Water is
drunk with meals.

Principal Tim Maseko says: "The students are being prepared for a hard life.

"They accept the fact that they cannot go back to South Africa under the cur-
rent regime. They are sent to countries that will accept them and where the
intention is that they will get the training and experience that will be needed

in a free South Africa.

"As you know, there are big problems in many countries that have recently
achieved independence."

Teamwork

The school's leadership includes representatives of all the racial groups in-
cluded on the apartheid regime's scale.

"But we work together. And it is very important for the students to gain a new
perspective on life. Here they see that not all whites are the enemy," says
Tim Maseko, and he continues:

"The ANC's line is that South Africa belongs to everyone who lives there. But
the apartheid regime does not understand this, and that is why we have taken
up armed struggle."

11798 46 '
CSO: 3650/98



ZAMBIA

COPPERBELT POLITICAL SECRETARY HAILS SWEDISH RELATIONS
Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 25 Jan 84 p 1

[Text] COPPERBELT Provincial Political Secretary, Mr Pickson Chitambala has
hailed the geéd relationship that exists between Sweden and Zambia and hoped
that this would grow from strength to strength.

Mr Chitambala said that the warm relationship was evidenced by the number of
projects in which the Swedish government and other organisations took part,
all of which were aimed at helping Zambians.

Mr Chitambala said this when a team of Swedish co-operative centre boards
of directors paid a courtesy call at his office in Ndola yesterday.

Sweden, he added, was a country which was on Zambia's side even during the
struggle for independence and this had continued after independence.

In reply, leader of the Swedish delegation, Mr 0. Lindstroem said his organ-
isation was willing to increase its assistance to co-operative movements in
the country and this was why his team was here to see in which area help was
needed.

The team, which arrived in the country last Saturday, is visiting Zambia Co-
operative Federation affiliated organisations and is on the Copperbelt as
hosts of the Copperbelt Co-operative Union.

cso: 3400/597

90



The ceremony, which was attended by members of the Ministry of the Interior,
the Organization of Angolan Women (OMA) and the Party's Youth Movement,
coincided with the end of the fire brigade's second training course on the
prevention and extinguishing of fires.

The course, taught by Angolans, produced 12 firefighters who studied the
prevention and extinguishing of fires over a period of 30 days. Results of
the course were positive.

After affirming that the work of the firemen is of great importance, Domingos
Dilucumbo said that the firemen play a very important role in the defense
of the people's goods and of the national economy. :

12402
CSO: 3442/234