view that protection of reclaimed land there should be done with tetrapods.
They are usually three or four-legged unreinforced concrete blocks which have
been used for the protection of hundreds of maritime structures. Tetrapod
blocks can be made at the beach site and then taken to the positions where
they are laid to calculated patterns that enable them to break the force of
even strong waves.

The worst eroded area of the Bar Beach will, from a generous estimation, be 4
kilometres long and 3 kilometres wide, if the tetrapod breakwater follows the
5 fathoms (10 metres) contour line. Therefore the enclosed area to reclaim
is about 12 sq. km, therefore being about 1/450th the area of Zuider Zee.

Having regard to the state of our finances, I recommend that the owners of
property at Victoria Island should meet to discuss the protection of the
beach with tetrapods, followed by its reclamation. Let me add that tetrapods
were designed and made by Sotramer of Grenoble, France. I feel sure that the
French Embassy will provide necessary contact or information on tetrapods if
requested to do so.

cso: 3400/1002

55



"The only weapon that can make them and everyone else avoid such pitfalls is
the grasp of revolutionary theory of Marxism-Leninism. It is only then that
they can correctly identify their enemy as imperialism and not someone from
a different tribe or region, Tinoti Pasi Ne Tribalism, Pasi ne Regionalism,
and above all Pasi ne imperialism."

Question: Yours is a new ministry, not common in the history of Cabinet
portfolios in this country. Could you take this opportunity to elaborate on
its functions and how it co-ordinates with other ministries?

Nyagumbo: "You no doubt have heard the Prime Minister's directive that an-
nounced the setting up of the office of the governor and its four major
functions namely: political, co-ordinative, developmental and consultative.
These governors fall directly under my office, The Prime Minister's direc—
tive was a major policy statement which called for planned and co-ordinated
development at the provincial level,

"This is meant to decentralise the decision-making process and mobilise popu-
lar support in the development process. The joint meeting of the Provincial
Council and Provincial Development team draws up and implements provincial
plans with full local participation. At the joint meetings, the Provincial
Development team members represent their respective ministries and the pro-
vincial sectorial targets. They provide technical services to the Provincial
Council and during the planning session incorporate their provincial sectorial
targets into the plan.

"This is how the sectorial (Ministerial Plan) targets will be incorporated
and co-ordinated in the Provincial Plan. This is a new concept which every-
one involved has to fully understand. The ministries will now have to imple-
ment their sectorial plans through the provincial machinery so as to remove
any conflicts or duplication in functions and projects,

"This will ensure co-ordinated development as the council under the supervision
of the governor will implement the Provincial Plan. The major role of my
office is therefore one of facilitating the organisation and carrying out of
this territorial planning. It has first to make all those involved in the
implementation of the Prime Minister's directive fully understand its meaning
and essence.

"My office has to give guidance and set pace to the required socio-economic,
political and cultural development programmes designed to enable the governors
to play a decisive role in: (a) Giving political guidance and socio-economic
and cultural development in the provinces in removing all traits of settler
colonialism and developing a reasonable degree of political and cultural in-
dependence. (b) Building ground for conscious and effective popular parti-
cipation in the development process to enable every citizen not only to parti-
cipate but also to fully benefit from collective efforts of nation-building.
(c) Initiating political and ideological programmes based on the research and
findings of the office, that will create a national consciousness to overcome
the adverse factors of tribalism, regionalism, racism and conflicts arising
from differences in language, religion and culture. (d) Monitoring, co-ordin-
ating and giving guidance to all public education programmes carried out by all
mass organizations including non-governmental ones and stimulating nation-wide
debate and discussion on major policy statements made by the Prime Minister.

Cso: 3400/1031
119



though, are convinced that, on the contrary, a man has to have as
many head as he can acquire so that, "in case of misfortune," like
this year's, he will still have enough to feed his family. So we
have a total standoff. Too bad about that: the Red Cross men hand
out their multicolored gelatine capsules, while, out of huts set
up amid the rotting carcases, the women bring their sickly babies
and their tottering aged relatives.

In the midst of this pitiful Court of Miracles, the young men of
the tribe -- some of whom can speak a few words of French --
proudly brandish knives, spears, cartridge-belts, and ancient
blunderbusses. Maybe the cows don't give milk any more, but that's
no reason for losing one's dignity....

Some 300 kilometers further north, where the Italian highway dwin-
dles to a track, you find the once~sedentary peasants who are on
the way to becoming nomads. Victims of three consecutive years

of drought . -- in some valleys it hasn't rained since November --
the peasants lost their crops last summer when 80 percent of them
dried up standing in the parched fields of the Wollo. With no
reserves to tide them over, having already eaten all there was in
the lean-kine years of 1982 and 1983, they have lost everything.
All they have now to keep them alive is the food distribution sys-
tem set up by the Relief and Rehabilitation Commission (RRC), an
agency established by the Ethiopian government after the great
drought of 1972 and 1973 to succor the starving populations.

With the help of several Western countries -- particularly Sweden,
the FRG, and Italy -- the RRC has begun building depots and has
set up a "bridge" to supply grain to the hungry people. The World
Bank and the FAO have provided funds, and the Ethiopian provinces
that have reaped good harvests have set aside a portion of their
plenty. The big problem, though, is getting the emergency sup-
plies to the people who need them. In a country bristling with
mountains whose average elevation is often 2,000 to 4,000 meters,
and whose secondary road system is all but non-existent, the sup-
ply trucks must perforce stick to the major highways. In the
Wollo, one of the provinces hardest-hit by the drought because it
is also the most densely populated (5.2 million souls, almost all
of them concentrated in the uplands), the food is distributed at
three centers lining the highway: Kobbo, Alamata, and Korem.

The peasants whose own grain-bins are empty must therefore trudge
many kilometers on foot (an average 2 to 3 days' march) to reach
the distribution centers.

Distribution Center
At Kobbo and Alamata, the peasants draw their rations (an average
of 75 kilos of grain per family per month) and carry them away.

Their cohorts are strung out along the sides of the highway, with
no shelter from the malignant heat. The better-off among them

21



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enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
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members for the ANC. It-is understood that the pamphlet is also being
distributed on other campuses. Among the allegations made in the pamphlet
are that copies of filled-in UDF petition forms were found among "highly
sensitive ANC documents", which were brought into the Republic from
neighbouring areas after the Nkomati Accord, ‘The pamphlet claims "the ANC
is using these lists as a basis for a huge recruitment drive within South
Africa. The ANC has long sought out a means of compiling lists of potential
recruits", The National Regional Secretary of the UDF, Mr Y Mahomed, has
claimed the allegations made are “totally without foundation", and that legal
action was being considered. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English
25 May 84 p 13]

FISH FARMING--THE Deputy Minister of Environment Affairs and Fisheries, Mr
John Wiley, says he believes that fish farming not only has a future in the
Republic, but that it is absolutely essential. Speaking in committee on the
Fisheries vote he said mariculture was imperative if all South Africa's inter-
ests, both commercial and recreational, were to be served. "I am optimistic,
reviewing all sectors of our fisheries, that many of the dangers of over-—
exploitation have either been dealt with or else identified and that, given
time, we can look forward to a better managed fishing industry in the fore-
seeable future, he said. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 May
84 p 4]

FISHING POLICY--THE Deputy Minister of Environment Affairs ‘and Fisheries, Mr
John Wiley, said it was planned to table a White Paper in Parliament next year
on a national policy for the best use of marine resources, Speaking in com-
mittee on the Fisheries vote, he said the document would try to determine the
problems surrounding the exploitation of marine resources and their protec-
tion against over-exploitation, together with marketing and everything else
necessary to establish a healthy fishing industry in South Africa. "Strong
emphasis will be placed on other existing structures, legislation and the
facilities of the Department of Manpower, Education and communication in the
industry are two key areas which will receive special attention," said Mr
Wiley. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 May 84 p 2]

SECOND TIER GOVERNMENT--SECOND tier government in the new dispensation would
probably deal with "general" affairs only, the Minister of Constitutional De-
velopment and Planning, Mr Chris Heunis, said. He was replying during debate
on his portfolio to points raised by Mr Colin Eglin (PFP, Sea Point) who asked
whether second tier government would disappear. Mr Heunis said the second tier
consisted of three main components: - An elected council, an appointed adminis-
trator and executive committee, and a team of officials. These would not dis-
appear in the new dispensation. Mr Eglin said also nobody knew what form of
local government there was going to be for Coloureds, Indians or Whites. Mr
Heunis pointed out that the Council for the Co-ordination of Local Government
Affairs was widely representative of all three population groups, experts in
municipal affairs and representatives of all political parties represented in
Parliament. "More than 9 500 man-hours have been spent on deliberations by
more than 120 experts in municipal matters during a period of six weeks to work
out a new system of local government." [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in
English 25 May 84 p 4]

1i5



Our reporters said, market prices affected primarily locally produced goods,
but the imported goods did not show any remarkable change in prices.

At Onitsha, Awka, Abakaliki, Nsukka, for example, the citizenry is apparently
relieved by the abundance of food crops at almost their pre-naira-exchange
rates and at the sharp drop in prices soon after the currency exercise.

Nwene Ujam, a 45-year-old mother who walks about ten kilometres to sell yams
at Enugu told the DAILY STAR that: "By last week the only denomination I
accepted was N10, so you either bought yams worth that amount or no sales
because I was duped with the new N1 note which somebody paid for a basket
of yams worth (old) N20.

"Now there is no fear of confusion and my customers have been buying with
ease."

Random reports from other parts of the state confirm that normal commercial
life has returned fully as though no currency took place.

CsO: 3400/1001

64



SENEGAL

INCREASED PRC ASSISTANCE REPORTED
Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 15 May 84 p 18
[Article by Mbaye Dame Ndiaye]

[Text] His Excellency Lang Feng, ambassador of the PRC [People's Republic
of China], has just completed a first-contact visit to the department of
Rufisque, accompanied by members of his staff and by Messrs Assane Goumbele
and Maleye Sene, respectively the principal private secretary and chief of
protocol of the Presidency of the Dakar Municipal Council. During this visit
conducted by Mr Ndiack Ba, the departmental prefect, attended by departmental
heads of services, the Chinese delegation met the people of Deni-Diakhirate
in the rural community of Sebikotane, and those of Niaga in the district of
Sangalcam.

He was warmly welcomed everywhere by the people of these rural areas, who
will be benefiting from Chinese cooperation in the agricultural sector. In
Deni-Diakhirate, where a Chinese mission specializing in prospection and in
drilling, has been installed for the past 10 years, Mr Abdoulaye Dieng, poli-
tical attache, remarked: "The ambassador's visit is a vivid illustration of
the exemplary cooperation that unites our two countries."

The significance of the visit to this hamlet of 600 inhabitants by the
representative of the largest country on earth was moreover not lost on the
peoples of the region, who are desirous of reaping the fruits of the already
existing good relations. In this context, the building of small dams that
will enable expansion of cattle-raising and truck-gardening activities, the
locality's principal activities, would be deeply appreciated here, as it
would also be at Niaga, another of the department's districts with similar
problems, There too, having come into contact with members of the Chinese
missions, and thereby gained a high regard for the know-how and appropriate
techniques of the cooperation staff, the people were warmly receptive.

Mr Abou Sy, political official, gave this eloquent confirmation, saying:

"China has already provided guidance to our course; you have done much for
our district (we are consuming the Chinese turnip)... But in view of our

75



BOTSWANA

COUNTRY'S FIRST POWER PLANT TO REDUCE ENERGY DEPENDENCE

Gaborone THE GUARDIAN in English 13 Apr 84 p 3

[Text]

Construction workers
are hard at work on
Botswana’s first na-
tional power infra-
structure — the P275
million Morupule
Power Station, situat-
ed on a 4'/, square
kilometre area, 10
kilometres west of
Palapye in the Central
District.

Its approximately 370
kilometre long overhead
transmission lines and
sub-stations will connect
the power station to the
existing Southern and
Northern stations locatéd
at Gaborone and Sélibe-
Phikwe writes John Kula.

Latest reports released
to the Guardian by the
Botswana Power Cor-

-Poration indicate that the

entire line route has been
surveyed and bush clear-
‘ing completed. Substan-
tial. quantities of the
transmission line pylons
have been delivered and
their erection is in pro-
gress. Civil works at the
sub-station and central
control building located
in Gaborone are substan-
tially complete and con-

CSO: 3400/1023

struction of the switch-
yard steelwork is in pro-
gress.

Foundations for the
station switchyard, sub-
station, turbine hall, boil-
erhouse, coalbunker,
water treatment plant and
workshop have already

been layed down and ad-

ministration building,
road and rail access have
been completed.

The plant ‘has two
ground water reservoirs
which are fed by an
underground pipeline
from a wellfield about 50
kilometres north-west of
the site.

‘The reservoirs are said
to have been provided
with special floating
covers which affectively
eliminate evaporation
losses —- thus saving
water.

When completed, the
plant will initially com-
prise three 30 megawatts
generating units with a
closed circuit, dry cooling
system designed to mini-
mise water consumption
and will get its coal ener-
gy from the Morupule
coal mine, only a kilo-
inetre away.

11

Its major components
are manufactured abroad
and according to a
report, their phased deli-
very were scheduled for
this year through to next
and latest forecasts indi-
cate that the first
turbo-generator is due for
commercial operation in
early 1986.

On its: inception in
1982, the project was de-
scribed as the Govern-
ment’s major effort to
minimise Botswana’s
dependence on imported
energy and that after
completion would make
the country self-reliant on
electrical requirements.

‘The project was finan-
ced by various bodies, in-
cluding the World Bank,
the European Investment
Bank, the African De-
velopment Bank (ADB),
the Commonwealth De-
velopment Corporation
(CDC), the Arab Bank
for Economic Develop-
ment in Africa, the
Kuwait Fund and Saudi
Fund.

The Botswana Govern-
ment and the Botswana
Power Corporation were
to provide part of the
finance.



"We pride ourselves with constantly supplying quality cotton to our customers
abroad and we would like to continue to sell on quality," he said.

Mr Peter Dove, the deputy general manager of the CMB said the board's aim was
to ensure that growers would not have to travel more than 60 km to market their
cotton. "Since 1981 we have come up with eight depots ranging from 1 ha to 3
ha in size."

"Big League!

The Karoi depot, he said, was this year expected to handle 6,200 tonnes of
seed cotton from the estimated 11,000 growers in the area and in the next
three years the depot was expected to be handling 12,000 tonnes of seed
cotton a year.

Since the establishment of the new depots the CMB had seen an increase in the
number of people growing cotton. The eventual aim of the CMB was to be able
to see the production of a half a million bales of cotton a year.

“Then we will be in the big league in Africa."

Markets

The main markets for Zimbabwe cotton were West Germany, Switzerland, Austria
and Italy, and from time to time the country sells its cotton to the Eastern
markets. The main advantage the Zimbabwe cotton had over others was that it
was handpicked and was usually of top grades.

But the Zimbabwe cotton crop had to compete with that from California, ranked
as one of the best cotton crops in the world.

Mr Dove said that 1,785 cotton bales had been received at the Karoi depot
by last Thursday and 65 percent of that was found to be of A Grade quality.

There were also six growers in the Beitbridge area who produced 3,000 tonnes
of cotton a year. These had been allowed by the Government to send their
cotton to Louis Trichardt. The crop was valued at $500,000.

csO: 3400/1024

124



The white youth did not wish to identify with the Youth Brigade because they

considered it an organisation of black youths. Educated black youths did not
wish to participate in the movement because they took it to be an organisation
of the uneducated. The employed youths considered it to be for the unemploy-

ed.

In the party political context, those belonging to minority parties took it
for an arm of Zanu (PF), he said.

"Because of these various divisions, the mobilisation of the youth into the
Youth Brigade movement has not been to our satisfaction,"

But the rural youth had been very enthusiastic in their participation,

"Presumably that is why the other sectors of the youth have tended to associate
the Youth Brigade with failures because it has been patronised mostly by

those who have failed to continue their education, those who have not found
employment and those who are rather from the poor sectors of our community.

"I dare say that even in areas where the party is strong there has been some
resentment in certain circumstances to the Youth Brigade".

On youth projects, Cde Makoni said that they tended to be wide and diverse
since many of them did not originate from his ministry.

The main thrust from his ministry had been to inculcate a degree of political
and ideological commitment in the minds of the youths, "And this aspect has
also been the major cause of our difficulties in mobilising people outside the
ruling party circle because they assume when we say the youth must be incul-
cated with a clear political direction we mean they must be members of Zanu
(PF), which is not necessarily the same."

“Armed with a political direction and commitment to hard work and skills, our
youth can maintain the role of the frontline soldier in the struggle for social-
ist transformation", Cde Makoni said.

Cso: 3400/1031

130



On Friday May 4 the price went up again to N1.20 kobo. Following the present
trend it is likely that a small packet of sugar will cost N2 in the next few
weeks if the situation is not‘halted. [By Roseline Umesi] [Excerpt] [Lagos
DAILY TIMES in English 11 May 84 p 12]

UNEP PRAISES IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM~-Nigeria's programme of action to improve,
protect and enhance the quality of its human environment has received ovation
from delegates attending the current meeting of the UN Environment Programme
(UNEP) governing council in Nairobi. Works and Housing Minister Emmanuel

Nsan, heading the Nigerian delegation to the meeting, had spelt out Nigeria's
contributions to international efforts to combat desertification and the vari-
ous environmental monitoring programmes, including the regional seas programme.
Dr. Nsan informed the delegates that Nigeria had ratified the convention and
the related protocol on the protection and development of the marine and
coastal environment of West. and Central Africa, and was looking forward to

the first meeting of the contracting parties to bring the convention into
force. He said that a campaign to arouse public awareness on the environment
had started, explaining that the efforts included the organisation of seminars,
workshops and symposia involving media practitioners, women societies and other
groups. The Minister expressed Nigeria's support for UNEP's long-term programmes
to combat desertification, and urged the Unbody to take a critical look at some
of the programmes to determine which ones were feasible in the short term.
{Text] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 25 May 84 p 9]

cso: 3400/1002

70



Power

The dam is still largely "owned" by the Portuguese company, Hidroelectrica
De Cahora Bassa which has been losing between R40-million and R50-million a
year while power has not been reaching its only external customer, South
Africa.

However, under the agreement reached recently by South Africa, Portugal and
Mozambique, Maputo will receive 10 percent of the dam's profits once the
lines are secured and has undertaken to protect them.

Guard

The company hopes to recover its investment in the dam within 19 years and
then it will be handed over to the Mozambique Government.

It is believed that a force of at least 3,500 Frelimo troops has been estab-
lished to guard the transmission lines and to protect the teams which have
already begun repairing them.

The worst damage appears to have been caused in a 200 km zone between 650 km
and 850 km from Cahora Bassa, one of the "hottest" areas in Mozambique's
shadowy war, where between 20 and 35 pylons have been destroyed.

Troops

Already, major installations such as the huge Matambo sun-station, 15 km
from Tete city, are heavily guarded by Mozambican troops backed by World War
2 vintage Russian T-34 tanks.

An end to political and military confrontation in the region could produce
in Cahora Bassa the economic miracle its planners hoped for.

The dam can produce enough electricity to satisfy up to 9.5 percent of South
Africa's requirements or the total combined needs of Mozambique, Malawi,
Tanzania, Swaziland, Botswana, Angola, Zimbabwe, Zaire even Kenya.

Lake

This power could support a huge amount of industrial and agricultural develop-
ment in Mozambique itself.

The lake, 270 km-long and 32 km-across (at its widest point), could provide
endless possibilities for the development of commercial fishing, angling
and other water sports.

Once, that is, the elephant.is finally "tamed." . SFS

cso: 3400/1025

28



SOUTH AFRICA

SA MEN CHARGED FOR ILLEGAL ARMS PROCUREMENT RETURN
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 May 84 p 8
[Article by René Richards and Fred de Lange]

[Text]

‘THE FOUR South
Africans held in Brit-
ain since March for al-
leged illegal arms pro-
curement for the Re-

public, slipped back
into South Africa yes-
terday morning.

Financial manager Mr
Stephanus Johannes de
Jager (49), managing di-
rector Mr William Ran-
dolph —_-Meterlerkamp
(41), both of Kempton
Park, company director
Mr Hendrik Jacobus Bo-

CSO: , 3400/1027

tha (49) of Verwoerdburg
and a Pretoria engineer,
Mr Jacobus Francois le
Grange (38), were allow-
ed to leave Britain on
Tuesday night after an
unprecedented | decision
by a British high court
judge.

The men were arrested
by British customs offic-
ials on March 31 and were
later released on bail of
R45 000 each but were
not permitted to leave

Britain.

At this. week’s court
hearing the South African
Embassy who put up
R175 000 bail last month
guaranteed their return to
Britain on- June 24 for
their next court appear-
ance the following day.

Before leaving Lon-
don, the men are report-
ed to have said it was
wonderful to be going
home but on their arrival
in South Africa they
avoided Pressmen.

Mr de Jager said from
his Nimrod Park home
late yesterday afternoon
that he was not prepared
to talk to anybody and he
would not be posing for
any photographs.

All efforts to contact
the other men failed and
it was later reported they
hadall gone into hiding.

The Department of
Foreign Affairs in Pre-
toria refused to comment
on the release of the men
or their links with the
South African Govern-
ment. .

‘A spokesman for the
Department said the men
were considéergd private
citizens and the aid given
to them in Britain after
their arrest was consider-
ed part of the Embassy’s
function.

The Department also

99

Pointed out in a statement
in Cape Town it would be
impossible tor the men lo
make any comment to the

- media at this stage as the

case was sub judice.

The four men are ac-
cused of exporting mag-
netrons, which can be
used in anti-missile sys-
tems, and high pressure
gas cylinders.

Committal —_proceed-
tings, which are not ex-
pected to begin until July
or August, will determine
whether the men have a
case to answer and
whether they should go to
trial at.a criminal court.

Four British business-
men in the case are also
on bail.



They should rather stay here to make a contribution.
Assurance

Secondly, Mr Nujoma gave me the assurance, directed particularly at the
Whites--which he later repeated in his open address at the Lusaka conference--
that there will be no racial prejudice.

Also, the most important thing, that human rights, civil liberties and proper-
ty rights will be guaranteed under the law... and furthermore, that there will
be democratic society.

BH: You do not believe that SWAPO is either Marxist, or as the often quoted
jibe goes, puppets of Moscow?

Marxist

AL: No, I do not believe so. If Sam Nujoma were a Marxist, he certainly
wouldn't be saying these things about guaranteeing civil liberties and property
rights.

What more can the man say to promise the Whites that he won't run them down?

SWAPO is still a liberation movement, not a political party. That is a
very important distinction.

At the moment SWAPO is still very much concerned with getting rid of South
Africa, whether by’military, diplomatic, or political ways... SWAPO wants to
get rid of South Africa so that there can be an election.

Vast Headstart

BH: How do you feel about the statement one hears from-so many non-SWAPO
politicians that SWAPO is only prepared to risk an election in the immediate
aftermath of the armed struggle...in other words at a stage when it'll have a
vast headstart on anybody else?

AL: Well, I don't think that. According to UN Resolution 435, SWAPO's
guerrillas will be confined to camps, as much as South Africa's 1,500 troops
will be confined to camps.

Normalisation

Don't you think that a more fair election can result if after a cessation of
hostilities there is a period of normalisation~-maybe a year, or two--so that
the intimidating effect of the man with the gun in the bush, can be removed
from thé political climate...at.this stage only one of the potential contes—
tants in an election has a 'private army?"

AL: It is not the fault of the people of Namibia that South Africa is here
at the moment. South Africa has been granted a 'Class C Mandate.'

35



~ NIGERIA

ADVANCE DEPOSITS ON GOODS TO BE IMPORTED ABOLISHED
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 8 May 84 pp 1, 5

[Text] The compulsory advance deposits for imports, introduced two years ago
by the defunct administration has been abolished.

The Head of State said last night that this was necessitated because all visi-
ble items of import had been put under specific import licence.

For the basic and business travel allowances, he said, "the status quo main-
tains." The peg on basic travel allowance at N100 also remains along with
other foreign exchange control measures introduced early this year.

Gen Buhari also announced that henceforth, expatriate workers would remit
only 25 percent of their net income to their various home countries as against
50 percent formerly allowed.

Gen. Buhari had earlier stated that during the 1983 fiscal year, the nation's
foreign exchange receipts totaled N8.45 billion, while the actual amount of
goods and services imported into the country was N10.921 billion.

As a result, he said, the year ended with an overall balance of payments
deficit of N2,471 billion, and the nation's external reserves stood at N819.4

million.

This year, however, the Head of State stated that the country's total foreign
receipts would be about N8.796 billion in foreign exchange, out of which

N8 billion has been allocated for importation of goods and services as well as
debt servicing obligations.

External reserve position by end of the year has been estimated to increase to
N1.21 billion.

On external finance, the nation's external indebtedness as at the end of
March was put as N8.30 billion. The total commitment being N17.46 billion,
out of which N9.80 billion has.been shed off; and repayments totalling N1.50
billion made by the Federal Government.

The Federal Government, it was further stated, had a total drawing less repay-
ment of N.31 billion, while state governmentst and at N2.98 billion.

60



MOZAMBIQUE

MIGRANT WORKERS IN SOUTH AFRICA MAY GET EMPLOYMENT INSURANCE FUND
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 May 84 p 4

[Text] MOZAMBIQUE has shown interest in joining the South African Government
in setting up an employment insurance fund for its migrant workers in South
Africa, the Minister of Manpower, Mr Pietie du Plessis, said yesterday.

During debate on his department's portfolio Mr Du Plessis was referring to
the unemployment agreements between South Africa and the four independent
homelands. The first contributions, collected from migrant workers between
May and October last year, were handed over to the funds in each homeland in
December, Since then, contributions have been delivered monthly.

Mr Du Plessis said these funds, to which both Employer and employee contribu-
ted, were good examples of multi-lateral co-operation.

"We are prepared to enter similar agreements with other African states in order
to introduce more security for migrant workers," he said. The possibility of
such an agreement had been mentioned to the Mozambican delegation which was in
Cape Town last week and the delegates had been very interested.

Mr Du Plessis said earlier that of the December contributions, R3,3-million had
gone to Transkei, R800 000 to Ciskei; R1,6-million to Bophuthatswana and
R300 000 to Venda.

The Department of Manpower intended to further decentralise its Unemployment
Insurance Fund offices in order to make it easier for contributors to obtain
their unemployment benefits, Mr du Plessis said.

For the past two years his department's regional offices had been overloaded
with applications from unemployed contributors to the fund.

In order to facilitate the department's task and bring the offices closer to the
unemployed contributors, 10 new offices had been opened, in places such as
Wynberg, Krronstad, Atlantis, New Canada and Lenasia. This number would be
supplemented by a further 16 offices, Mr Du Plessis said.

To deliver unemployment cheques to contributors in outlaying areas, where it
was impracticable to set up offices, the department would make use of a mobile
service.

cso: 3400/1031
31



NIGERIA

BIG DROP NOTED IN PRICES OF FOOD, DAILY NECESSITIES
Enugu DAILY STAR in English 8 May 84 p 8

[Text] Housewives who, a few weeks ago, sulked nagged and strained them-
selves, because of the difficulty in managing the food money for the many
mouths in the family are now beginning to be cheerful ‘again.

Yesterday, when our reporters went into the markets and visited some local
shops on the first day of the end of the currency exercise, they observed
that prices of many goods and essential commodities have sharply dropped.

Garri which is the staple food of millions of Nigerians that sold at three
cups for N2 by last week is now six cups for Nl. A bottle of palm oil was

N5 during the exchange but is now N2.50. A loaf of bread that sold for N1.50
is now 80k. A cup or rice sold at N1.50 is now 70k. A cup of beans at Nl is
now 60k.

The 12 days of the exercise saw beer drinkers a bit moody as the price of a
bottle of beer rose from Nl to N3. Now the price is back to the normal Ni but
customers have not begun to come as before.

One bartender told our men: "The naira is hard to come by now and it appears
people are beginning to be conscious of how they spend it. They want to eat
before they drink."

Our reporters said many people who deposited their money in the banks got
only receipts and no exchange of the naira, and the fact that not too many
people have got the new naira notes has helped to affect prices, as those who
have goods must sell at reasonable prices to get the new naira.

Although business has returned to normal and ail is now calm, but our men did
not find the hustle and bustle that were the common features of the market a
few weeks ago.

But it was at the eating houses that our men did not find any change. Before
the exercise a plate of garri with two small pieces of meat sold at N1 but
jumped to N1.50 a plate in the last two weeks.

A woman who owned one of such eating houses told ourmen: "We don't intend to

cut down the price, There are people who do not cook in their houses and they
must eat our food, not minding the rise in cost."

63



HOMELANDS' 'CONSOLIDATION' NEARS COMPLETION

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 17 May

[Text]

cso:

And apart from 800000 ha, the
Government has almost met the 1936
undertaking to give blacks an additio-
nal 6,2-million ha.

The consolidation process of “the
formation of national states” had
meant the removal for “ideological
reasons” of 456 860 people.

Dr Koornhof said he could not say
how many more people had to be
moved to finalise the consolidation

Process.
He said the figures that he was
forced to give Parliament about future
removals were not necessarily correct
because they were based on the 1974
consolidation proposals.
Since then however, the Commis-

3400/1027

84 p 5

sion of Co-operation and Devel-
opment had drawn up new proposals.

The proposals for -KwaZulu had
been delayed because of the dispute
over Government plans to cede the
Ingwavuma area to Swaziland.

Until the Ingwavuma issue had been
finalised no further action could be
taken.

The report of the Commission for
Co-operation and Development on
KwaZulu still had to be considered by
the Government and the recommen-
dations then accepted would have to
be referred to the affected people for
comment before the Government
would take a final decision.

He was loath to be drawn at a Press
conference on whether the report of
the commission differed substantially
with the 1974 consolidation proposals
but said that there were substantial
differences in the number of people
who would have been removed in
terms of the latest recommendations.

100

SOUTH AFRICA



“We would get priority when the situation requires it."

General Maseko, who is also outgoing chairman of the Zimbabwe Army Road Safety
Committee, said the army's accident figures had shown a marked decline since
the beginning of its road safety drive, which included the re-testing of
military drivers and stricter roadworthiness controls for vehicles.

In the Harare area, where most ZNA units are based, the average number of
accidents involving military vehicles a month has been reduced from 25 as at
April last year to below 15 in April this year.

The figure for civilian accidents in the Harare area this April was 610.

A drop in the average number of military accidents has also been recorded
elsewhere in the country, including Bulawayo. In April this year the monthly
average was 22, down from 45 in April last year. In all areas except Harare
the civilian figure this April was 406,

The army is now also imposing fines equivalent to the fines imposed by the
police on drivers caught by military personnel exceeding the speed limit or
committing other traffic offences.

Normal procedures whereby military drivers are brought before civilian courts
have not been altered. General Maseko said road safety committees were
established earlier this year inall ZNA brigades. They are now reporting

to ZARSC at army headquarters on all safety issues.

General Maseko, who pioneered the setting up of ZARSC, is soon to step down
as chairman. The post will be filled by a logistics and supply colonel at

headquarters.

csO: 3400/1024

122



Sixty-nine percent of the black and 37% of the Coloured, employees earned less
than the Household Effective Level--the amount required for effective living
in the long term, which is 50% higher than the HSL.

Below the HSL

A fair proportion of un- and semiskilled public sector workers also fell below
the HSL.

The situation was largely explicable in terms of unchanged employee attitudes
and by rising urban unemployment among people.

This was the result of recession, population growth, and migration induced
by the drought, war and rural overcrowding in the north, and the lifting on
influx control.

Conditions in smaller centres and rural areas were likely to be worse.
Relevant

Many other issues covered at the conference were also directly relevant to
Namibia, such as the affordability of current state housing initiatives and
the degree of real choice and participation provided in these 'self-help'

schemes.

Nasboukour in Windhoek was represented at the conference and should benefit
from these discussions.

CSO: 3400/998

41



Russians, Cubans, Angolans, Zimbabweans, Mozambicans, Batswana,
Swazis, Zambians, Tanzanians or Basotho have ever crossed South Africa’s
borders with weapons in their hands aiming to destroy the South African
regime. Yet South Africa has sent its forces into every neighbouring country
and has armed, trained and directed bandit gangs aimed at destabilising and
overthrowing the governments of the frontline states.

South Africa’s justification in the past for its invasions of. Angolan territory
has been that it was engaged in ‘hot pursuit’ of SWAPO forces allegedly
fleeing from Namibia. Last December’s invasion, however, was ostensibly to
pre-empt the ‘annual’ SWAPO infiltration from Angola by up to 1,000
members’ of PLAN, SWAPO’s military wing, and General Constand
Viljoen’ the South African chief ofstaff, boasted that his forces had succeeded
in destroying SWAPO’s headquarters and the missile batteries protecting it.
Viljoen also claimed to have knocked out 25“Russian’ tanks and to have
captured enormous amounts of ‘Russian’ arms and ammunition. Having
achieved their objective, the South African forces were now prepared to
withdraw, he said.

‘The truth is something quite different. In a communication to the United
Nations Secretary General dated December 31, Angolan President Jose
Eduardo dos Santos said South Africa had launched a full-scale invasion of
his country with three motorised infantry brigades, four 140mm and 155mm
artillery units, two battalions of paratroopers, 100 planes and helicopters,
AML-90s, AML-60s and MX tanks. On January 1, 1984, Angola’s Ministry
of Defence commented:

“The illegal presence on Angolan territory of large quantities of (South African)
war material and men has different objectives to those proclaimed by Pretoria. The
truth of the matter is that the undeclared war inflicted on us is aimed not only at

~ making it difficult to consolidate the revolutionary process under way, but at
preventing the Angolan people from winning their complete independence,
because their example would contaminate other states in the region, which might
complicate the plans of international capital, Pretoria and its proteges to win back
what they lost with the proclamation of the People’s Republic of Angola on 11
November 1975”.

SWAPO in a communique said it was impossible for the South Africans to
have destroyed its headquarters because it had never existed. PLAN
operated from within Namibia itself, In the area attacked by the South
Africans “there was neither a single Namibian nor any SWAPO anti-aircraft
batteries as claimed by Constand Viljoen”. As President dos Santos pointed
out, the victims of South Africa’s aerial bombardment were civilians in a
number of towns in southern Angola, especially Cuvelai, Mulondo,
Cahama, Kassinga and Caiundo, more than 200 kilometres from the
Namibian border. On January 2 the Angolan Defence Department said “the
South African invaders have dropped bombs containing toxic substances on
our troops and on the civilian population” — a charge which has also been
levelled against South African-backed bandit forces operating in
Mozambique. .

World opinion, with the exception of the imperialists, was outraged by
South Africa’s infamous conduct. On January 6 the United Nations Security
Council strongly condemned South Africa for its military strikes in Angola
and demanded the immediate and unconditional withdrawal of South

83



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

EAC ENDS--Presidents Julius Nyerere of Tanzania, Daniel Arap Moi of Kenya and
Milton Obote of Uganda have officially endorsed the end of the East African
Community (EAC), which collapsed in 1977. The three leaders also abrogated
the East African treaty which was signed in 1967 in the Ugandan capital of
Kampala, forming the community. President Nyerere blamed the collapse of the
community on lack of political will and spirit of unity between the former
‘member states. [Text] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 16 May 84 p 9]

CSO: 3400/1028



Difficulties Reportedly Placed in SWAPO's Way
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 21 May 84) ....eececsecvececes

Academics Look at Poverty in Country
(David Simon; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 14 Mar 84) wean

Briefs
Robben Prisoners in Windhoek
HNP: Ban SWAPO Now
Church Denounces SWAPO's 'Violence'
Police Chief Warning
Possible Students' Strike
Abidjan Could Be Venue
Outlook for MPC Declining
Blacks Barred From Toilets

NIGERIA

Reactions to Federal Government Budget Reported
(Ndu Ughamadu, et al.; BUSINESS TIMES, 14 May 84) ......

NNPC Fires 19 Officials for Corruption
(DAILY STAR, 8 May 84) .....ccccccceeececececececaceces .

Measures Said Needed To Prevent Flooding at Bar Beach
(SUNDAY TIMES, 25 May 84) ..... Bec ce eee e ence eee eeeeee

Erosion Likely Soon, by Basil Okafor
Solution Suggested, by Felix 0. Egbo

Anambra State Reportedly Retires 1,642 Officials
(DAILY ‘STAR, 24 May 84) ..cccccccccccccccccccceccscveces

Some Aliens Elect To Stay Despite Cut in Benefits
(DAILY STAR, 15 May 84) .. ccc cece eeeeeeee tence cece eens

Advance Deposits on Goods To Be Imported Abolished
(DAILY TIMES, 8 May 84) ........ceeeeee Seen ence eeceeee

Buhari: Food Cannot Be Exported Now
(Aliu Zubair; DAILY TIMES, 25 May 84) ......c.ceeeeeeeee

Big Drop Noted in Prices of Food, Daily Necessities
(DAILY STAR, 8 May 84) ........ debe eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaees .

Universities Close as Students Boycott Classes
(DAILY STAR, 10 May 84) Joes. c cee de cece eee eeee eee ee eens

Accounts of Ajaokuta Steel Said Not Audited Since 1979
(NEW NIGERIAN, 23 May 84) ...ccccceccccccccccscceceecees

Surplus Rice in 1987 Predicted
(DAILY STAR, 22 May 84) ..cecceeceeeeeeee Sec e cere ce eeeee

-e-

38

45

47

48

56

58

60

62

63

65

67

68



DIFFICULTIES REPORTEDLY PLACED IN SWAPO'S WAY

NAMIBIA

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 21 May 84 pp 3, 7

[Text]

CSO:

LONDON: Swapo was
having difficulty with its
supply lines — onto
Namibia because of the
South African troop dis-
engagement exercise in
,southern Angola, ex-
‘ecutive member, Mr An-
dimba Toivo ja Toivo,
said in London last Fri-
day.

He told a press con-
ference “we have been
asked not to enter the no-
man’s-land on the border,
only Fapla (Angolan
Forces) and South African
forces can go there.

“It makes it difficult to
operate. While we may
have men inside the
country (Namibia), it
makes it difficult for us to
get our supplies.”

Mr Ja Toivo said the
movement also had dif-
ficulty operating politically
in Namibia.

“We are virtually ban-
ned. We are not allowed to
hold meetings or rallies,”
he said.

Asked what relationship
a future Swapo govern-

3400/998

ment in the Territory might
have with SA, he replied:

“We are economically
tied to South Africa. If
Swapo comes to power, we
will be willing to do
business. with South Africa
as equals.”

He blamed SA for the
failure of last week's
meeting in Lusaka, hosted
by Zambian president, Dr
Kenneth Kaunda, and at-
tended by Swapo and a
delegation from the inter-
nal parties.

“It soon became evident
that the South African
delegation had no intention
of negotiating a ceasefire in
terms of UN_ Security
Council Resolution 435.

“They simply: repeated
their outrageous demands
that Cuban forces first
withdraw from Angola, a
demand which has been
repeatedly rejected by the
international community,”
he said. “Clearly, the
South African delegation
went to Lusaka with the
objective of trying to side-
step the United Nations
plan for achieving
Namibia’s independence.”

38

_ He accused SA of “try-
ing to hide behind she
“Multiparty’ Conference”
and said Swapo had "not
been quite happy” with the

way Dr Kaunda conducted
the meeting.
In Luanda, Swapo

leader, Mr Sam Nujoma,
has promised an intensified
struggle to put pressure on
SA to agree to Namibian
independence negotiations.

Mr Nujoma blamed the
republic for the collapse of
an all-party conference in
‘Lusaka.

Mr Nujoma said he was
ready to take part in new
talks, but said SA must ac-
cept implementation of UN
Security Council Resolu-;
tion 435 “beginning with:
signing of a ceasefire.”

Mr Nujoma called on

‘the Republic to hold free

elections in Namibia. He
said that “South Africa’s
Puppet parties” in the Ter-
ritory would be roundly
defeated in any such ballot.

He also condemned the
Presence of a joint South
African-American military
commission in the Ter-
Titory as. illegal. ~ Sapa-
Reuter


NIGERIA

BRIEFS

COOPERATION WITH CHAD--Nigeria and Chad have agreed to set up a commission on
economic cooperation which would also prohibit any subversive activities ori-
ginating from either of the two countries. A release issued yesterday in Abuja
by Malam Wada Maida, Chief Press Secretary to the Head of State, Major-General
Muhammadu Buhari at the end of the bilateral talks between the head of state,
and the Chadian President, Mr Hissene Habre said the two countries had signed
a communique re~affirming their willingness to extend there cooperation to
different fields and to reinforce the good relationship between them through
frequent contacts. The visit, the release said was within the framework of
good neighbourliness, The two leaders discussed the political situation in Chad
recounting the efforts made by both sides towards finding a solution to the
Chadian conflict and agreed to continue to work towards achieving peace. They
noted that in order to achieve peace in Chad, reconciliation among the various
factions should be pursued vigorously. It also said Nigeria had agreed to
allow passage for food and fuel aid to Chad. Those on the delegation at the
talks included the Ministers of Defence, Major-General D.Y. Bali; External
Affairs, Dr Ibrahim Gambari; Internal Affairs, Brigadier M. Magoro;

Governor of Borono State, Major General Abubakar Waziri, the General Officer
Commanding the Second Mechanised Division, Brigadier Sani Abacha, and the
Secretary to Government and Head of Service, Mr G.E. Longe. President Habre
left for home yesterday. Major-General Buhari who has been in Abuja since
last Wednesday is expected to return to Lagos this morning. [By Abdullahi
Idris] [Text] [Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 16 May 84 p 1]

HEADMASTERS ARRESTED FOR FRAUD--Forty primary school headmasters in Kachia Local
Government of Kaduna State have been arrested by the police for allegedly receiv-
ing salaries of ghost workers. Assistant Commissioner of Police, in charge of
the Criminal Investigation Department, (CID), Alhaji Zakari Haliru, told newsmen
in Kaduna yesterday the teachers. allegedly made out fictitious names and col~
lected the money between 1981 and now. He said about 32,000 Naira was recovered
from the accused persons during police investigation. He said police were yet

to estimate how much government had lost to the those workers. [Text] [Kaduna
NEW NIGERIAN in English 17 May 84p 16]

SUGAR PRICE DOUBLES--The rate at which the price of sugar has been increasing
in the last two weeks has become very difficult to be associated with the cur-
rency exchange exercise which ended on Sunday May 5, 1984, Two weeks ago a
small packet of sugar was sold for 60k on a Saturday. Then on a Monday the
price increased to 70k. On Saturday the same week the price went up to Nl.

69



Natal Indian Congress President

Durban POST NATAL in English 16-19 May 84 p 10

[Article by George Sewpersad,
ness Demonstrated"]

[Text]

THE way for the SAIC
was paved in the early
sixties by the banning
of most political organi-
sations and the impris-
onment and banning of
most of the leaders of
the Natal Indian
Congress.

During the years of
its existence it fulfilled
its purpose by being to-
tally obedient to the
Government and by
failing to do anything
useful.

The creation of the
SAIC was an insult to
the dignity and human-
ity of the oppressed
people. Because of our
Jong history of struggle
for justice, the majority
of our people had no
hesitation in rejecting
the SAIC and regarding
it with total disdain and
contempt.

It was a blow to the
community when some
people, without any pre-
vious involvement in
political struggle, took
part in this institution

and began to speak on
behalf of the people.
Since its creation there
was no confidence in
the SAIC by the people.
This was clearly de-
monstrated in the 1981
elections.

The SAIC has played
no role whatsoever in
the struggles the com-
munity engaged in.

In the struggle
against high rent and
the high prices of homes
in Chatsworth and
Phoenix, the SAIC
played no part.

During the nation-
wide school boycott of
1980, the students and
the community demon-
strated their total lack
of confidence in the
SAIC; thousands of stu-
dents throughout the
country demonstrated
their opposition to in-
justice. The SAIC

president, National Indian Congress:

played no part in this
struggle.

* In Cato Manor where
the people are strug-
gling for plots to be sold
at prices which ordi-
nary people can buy,
the SAIC played no role.

In the educational
sphere they have never
co-operated with TASA
which represents the
teachers of South Afri-
ca. In fact they are re-
jected by TASA.

In a country where
there is racial turmoil,
the SAIC played no role
in bringing about racial
harmony. They have
only sowed the seed of
division and conflict.
They were rejected by
the United Democratic
Front; the major non-
racial political organi-
sation in the country.

The uselessness of the
SAIC was amply de-
monstrated by the fact
that the people did not
look to it for assistance;
in fact the people were
looking for ways and
means to get rid of it.
(The NIC has rejected
participation in the
new dispensation.)

Democratic Party National Chairman

Durban POST NATAL in English 16-19 May 84 p 10

[Article by Ismail Patel, national chairman, Democratic Party:

Suffering From Mental Delusions"]

[Text]

THE SAIC was created by the
Government when Indians were
still not regarded as fully fledged
South African citizens in spite of
being here for nearly a century.

It definitely did not meet. the
political aspirations of the disen-
franchised Indian community who
had been peacefully agitating for
a more equitable political system
ever since Mahatma Gandhi first

set his foot on our shores.

78

4

"Useless-

"They're



244028
JPRS-SSA-84-073
21 June 1984

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

19980819 128

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SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 A



EMERGENCE OF AFRIKANERVOLKWAG SCORED

SOUTH AFRICA

Durban THE GRAPHIC in English 11 May 84 p 2

[Article by "The Gadfly":

[Text]

ACHTUNG! and the swastika, Hitler
moustaches and the duck-walk march,
the SS and the Gestapo are all images
that have come to most of us via the
movies and the TV, novels and the
history books,

We watched, we read and we saw
some dark part of man’s‘history, and
we concluded that the Nazis were a
part of our historic madness, or maybe
our parents’ madness,

Yet this past weekend saw that
madness being re-enacted on the stage
of a hall in Pretoria where some 7000
Afrikaners came together to declare
the supremacy of their ‘volk’, and
their need to protect the ‘volk’ for
the next thousand years.

The quasi-Nazi salutes, the blond-
haired, blue-eyed youth who : took
part in the rituals and the militaristic
rantings at the Skilpad hall were all
echoes of the rise of the Nazi Party
aka 1933,

Professor Carel Boshoff wore the
expression of a more benign Hitler

"The Boys From Brazil...?"]

as did all his ‘broers’ — Andries
Treurnicht, Jaap Marais and Eugene
Terre’Blanche. (Some may say not
so benign, and | will agree.) ;

These ‘Boys from Brazil’ are
serious when. they talk about the
White Afrikaner nation being free for
the next thousand years, and if we
laugh, | am sure that there is just that
‘hint of nervousness, because history
is a strange teacher,

The emergence of this new Afrikaner
cultural organisation, Afrikanervolk-
wag, the Afrikaner nation’s watchdog,
is no insignificant grouping on the
fringe,

It is, in fact, the unspoken desire of
the vast majority of the Afrikaner
people who would have wanted it to
be a White ‘volk’ for the next thousand
years,

But for many of them, reality
dictates that it cannot be. So this rear-
guard; this recurring madness will live
amongst us like a darkening shadow.

In normal circumstances, such
pronouncements would have received

104



ZIMBABWE

MOZAMBICAN REFUGEES FOOD AID
Harare THE HERALD in English 22 May 84 p 3

[Text] Aid to displaced Mozambicans in the country was yesterday boosted by
the signing of a $955,000 food aid agreement between the Government and the
World Food Programme.

Under the agreement, 1,210 tonnes of maize, 150 tonnes of beans, 154 tonnes
of vegetable oil, 119 tonnes of corn soya milk, 119 tonnes of skimmed milk
powder and 45 tonnes of sugar would be made available to the Government over
an initial period of three months.

The agreement was signed by the Minister of Labour, Manpower Planning and
Social Welfare, Dr Frederick Shava, and the resident representaive of WFP,
Mr Abebe Ambatchew.

Cde Shava said the aid agreement would go a long way towards meeting the food
needs of about 46,000 displaced Mozambicans now in the country.

“We have shouldered the responsibility of catering for the displaced
Mozambicans but we must say that this has been a great burden to us and we
have diverted resources which could have otherwise been used in various other
areas.

"The WFP has demonstrated its adherence to the much-talked about United
Nations principle of burden-sharing and your intervention with food at these
hard times has indeed relieved the Zimbabwe Government of this burden which
we have, neverthéless, felt morally bound to shoulder."

Cde Shava said his ministry had built and was building more camps for the
displaced Mozambicans. The oldest, Tongogara Camp, had been expanded and
was now accommodating about 10,000 people.

Since the opening of the camp, he said, the nutritional level of many
children and pregnant women had improved and, because of this success, two
other camps were being established in Rushinga and Nyanga.

There were possibilities for another camp being set up in the southeastern
districts of the country but this would depend on the availability of funds.

127



CAMEROON

Briefs
Jail, Death Sentences

CHAD
New Peace Pact Signed at Lai
(INFO TCHAD, 15 May 84) ...eecececeeeces seeeceesdenee sees
Agricultural Conference Convenes at Abeche
(INFO TCHAD, 14, 15 May 84) ..cceceeesceccccetceececeecee
Drought Losses, Sahel
CNC's Aim: Transform Chad
ETHIOPIA
Drought, Starvation Conditions Prevail in Wollo
(Roger Cans; LE MONDE, 29 May 84) ....eecececlecereccceees
MAURITIUS
Berenger Visits Zimbabwe, Seeks ZANU (PF) Link
(THE HERALD, 22 May 84) ...... seco eee
MOZAMBIQUE
Manpower Resources Accord Signed With Portugal
(Maputo Domestic Service, 7 Jun 84) ...cceeecceceeceeeens
Cahora Bassa's Potential Hailed
(SOWETAN, 25 May 84) .eccececcecceceecevcecs seeeeeeeeenee
Training Courses for Defense Against Bandits
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 24, 25 Apr 84) ..ceeeeeeecseeeeees
In Chemba District
In Manica Province
Migrant Workers in South Africa May Get Employment Insurance Fund
(THE CITIZEN, 22 May 84) .cccseccccceessceee se ceeececeees
Briefs :
CFM-Norte Railway Line
Woodcutters, Coal Workers Cooperative
Plastics Production Figures
Increased DPRK Agricultural Aid
NAMIBIA

White Member Takes Part in SWAPO Delegation
(Anton Lubowski Interview; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER,
22 May 84) ...-...

15

16

17

20

24

25

27

29

34


CSO:

very little sympathy in any society.
But except for the calls for Professor
Boshoff to resign from the University
of Pretoria — where he is the rector,
nothing significant has been done by
the law enforcement agencies,

Not very long ago here in Durban,
White people ranted and raved against
the opening of Durban's beaches to all
races, Brendan Wilmer found ample
support amongst the people of Durban.
And those same people will be wooed
by this new ogre in our midst.
~ Perhaps the myriad films about the
mad Hitler and his bumbling Nazis
have given us a view of a slightly hys-
terical, slightly idiotic, slightly laugh-
able crank who should not be taken
seriously.

Way back in 1933 they made the
same mistake. And as the economy of
Germany worsened, as the unemploy-
ment figures rose, so the Nazi party
began to attract the scum, the won’t
works, the criminals.

Very soon it was too late, and then
fear began to take contro! and before

3400/1027

the world knew it, Germany was
caught in the vice-grip of the world’s
most fearsome criminal.

When Hitler and his storm troopers
marched across Europe, the world was
stunned, shocked and almostparalysed.

Can Professor Boshoff and his
cronies be likened to Hitler and com-
pany? Many will vehemently reject
that out of hand, But the history of
race relations in this country, and the
psyche of the White man has been so
fashioned over all these hundreds of
years that we cannot know the trauma
he will suffer if he is faced with sharing
power with the Black man in this
country,

Our newspapers have been filled
with stories of how White men have
killed Black men at the drop of a hat.
The powerlessness of the Black people
leaves them easy targets for pogroms
and vengeful killings in the name of
‘White supremacy’,

Slowly the South African stage is
being set for the most horrific future
imaginable,

105



[Begin Amaral recording]. As your excellency said, we have just signed a state-
ment of intent, stating the wish to improye cooperation between the People's
Republic of Mozambique and the Portuguese republic, and the peoples of Mozam-
bique and Portugal in this important area. It is important because it con-
cerns the people's work: production, and the accomplishments of the indivi-
dual. It also concerns evaluating job problems and investing in people by
providing them with the indispensable means to be fully productive in their
own countries and to fulfill themselves in human and professional terms. [end
recording]

The Portuguese delegation held talks with Andre de Varvalho, secretary of
state for technical and professional training, on possible areas of cooper-
ation in the field of professional training. It will be recalled that the
next meeting of the Portuguese-speaking countries on employment and profession-
al training will be held in Maputo in 1985. It is aimed at presenting a

joint program of action for the seven countries to the international organ-
izations.

Dr Rui Amaral returned to his country via Harare after a 3-week tour of the
Portuguese-speaking African countries.

cso: 3442/395

26



Town, that they planned to draw up a constitutional framework for

independence and were considering the formation ofan interim government

for Namibia. “There were strong signs yesterday that full South African
promotional support was building up behind the MPC”, reported the Star
on February Ist. This way lies a repeat of the disastrous DTA experiment,
ending in renewed conflict.

Whatever temporary balance may be struck between the contending
forces in Southern Africa based on present realities of power, it should be
clear that no lasting settlement can be achieved without the full involvement
and co-operation of the ANC and SWAPO. The rhetoric of Botha and
Crocker about the need for “peace and security” should not be allowed to
obscure the long-term objectives of the parties involved.

The United States wants to ensure that Southern Africa and its natural,
human and strategic resources are securely locked within the orbit of
imperialism, and is using South Africa as a sub-agent for this purpose, just as
it uses Israel in the Middle East. For its part, South Africa’s involvement in
Angola is aimed at more than the retention of control over Namibia, or even
the reconquest of Angola. It was the former Premier Vorster who said, shortly
after his accession to office in 1966: .

“In many respects we have, with respect to much of Africa south of the Sahara, a

responsibility which the United States has undertaken on a much larger scale with

respect to the underdeveloped areas of the world as a whole”.

And two years later he added the threat that “nothing is going to prevent us
from becoming the leaders of Africa in every field”. .

‘This thinking — that it is South Africa’s destiny to save Africa for the West
— still underlies the Botha regime’s foreign policy today, and ties in neatly
with the aggressive policies of the Reagan administration. The US discharge
of its “responsibility towards the underdeveloped areas of the world,” as
demonstrated by its invasion of Grenada, its support for fascist regimes and
forces in Latin America, Africa and Asia, its presence and murderous sea and
air bombardments in Lebanon — all this has the emphatic approval of the
Botha regime, which attempts to discharge its “responsibilities towards
Africa” in the American way. South Africa’s approach to Africa, at home or
abroad, is that of the bully and the blusterer — arrogant, domineering, racist
and imperialist, determined to impose its solutions by force, irrespective of
the wellbeing or wishes of the majority. The interests of the haves must be
made to prevail over those of the have-nots, for the greater glory of white
supremacy, the free enterprise system and international capital. Above all,
South Africa needs a Western-dominated Africa to guarantee the survival of
apartheid.

No matter how often Reagan and Thatcher proclaim their ‘abhorrence’ of
apartheid, it is crystal clear today that South African strategies at home and
abroad are co-ordinated with those of the west. Reagan’s phrase
‘constructive engagement’ is a synonym for collaboration with apartheid in
every vital sphere. The South African forces are equipped with western
material and know-how. Reagan approves Botha’s new constitution. South
African and western intelligence services share their secrets. South Africa’s
military strategy is a carbon copy of that of Israel in the Middle East, and both

. Serve western interests as well as their own.

Once again it is demonstrated that the fight against apartheid and the fight
against imperialism and neo-colonialism are inextricably linked. For the

85



INDIAN ELECTION ACTIVITY REPORTED

SOUTH AFRICA

Transvaal Indian Congress

Durban POST NATAL in English 9-12 May 84 p 3

[Excerpts]

THE Transvaal Indian Congress
launched its first branch on Sunday
at a meeting attended by about 250
delegates from religious, communi-
ty, and student organisations from
six townships on the East Rand.

The East Rand branch of the TIC,
which was formed in Actonville,
Benoni, is the first of a number of
branches the organisation ‘plans to
establish before the elections, now
scheduled for August 28.

The Indian townships which are
represented on the branch are Ac-
tonville, Bakerton (Springs), Heidel-
berg, Germiston, Nigel, and Bal-
four.

Three former long-term Robben
Island prisoners — Billy Nair,: Lal-
loo Chiba, and Reggie Vandayar —
were ‘given standing ovations at the
meeting.

President of the TIC, Dr Essop
Jassat, urged Indian people to boy-
cott the elections. He said Indian
people in the Transvaal had already
illustrated their rejection of

“dummy” institutions like the SAIC
and management committees.

Joe Francis of Actonville was
elected chairman of the 20-member
East Rand branch executive, and
Dr Vallabh Jaga and Dr Ismail Ca-
chalia will serve as vice-chairmen.
Firoz Cachalia was elected secre-

ry.

000

THE tricameral parliament will
have far-reaching effects not only
at national level but also at local
level, and in view of the proposed
changes, it is of great importance
for everyone to take a greater in-
terest in the affairs of the local
community.

This was said by Lall Bisnath and
Roopchand Bharosa, joint secre-
taries of the Allandale Ratepayers
and Residents Association, in their
annual report on Sunday.

o00

National People's Party

Durban POST NATAL in English 16-19 May 84 p 3

[Excerpts]

THE National People’s Party would selfishly guard
the interests of Indians in the new tricameral par-
liament, according to NPP leader Amichand Raj-

bansi.

Addressing an election meeting at the residence
of the NPP’s Merebank candidate Khedoo Lallo,

80



ANGOLA

HUILA PEOPLE'S PROVINCIAL ASSEMBLY SESSION
Luando JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 19 May 84 p 3

[Text] The twelfth session of the Huila People's Provincial Assembly began on
Wednesday in the city of Lubango with an analysis of the political and
military situation in the province. :

The meeting was chaired by Lieutenant Colonel Rafael Sapilinha (Sambalanga),
president of the Assembly and provincial commissioner. It consisted of seven
working sessions, during which time it was to approve the report of the
Provincial Commissariat on the socio-economic situation in the province during
the first quarter and the accounting report of the People's Provincial
Assembly for the past year.

Also included on the agenda were the following: the activities of the highest
government agency in the province; assignment of the nine representatives to
areas of action; and, the election of a new slate for Provincial Commissariat.

In Lieutenant-Colonel Rafael Sapilinha's (Sambalanga) statement at the opening
session, he referred to the critical status of certain enterprises in the
province, as a result of negligence by some leaders. He praised, however, the
work accomplished by certain defense and security agencies in combatting armed
bands.

It is worth noting that a delegation from the Lunda-Sul People's Provincial
Assembly attended the meetings of the twelfth session of the Huila People's
Provincial Assembly, with a view to exchanging experiences.

9805
CSO: 3442/382



concludes Dr. Lieber, must have to do with "atmospheric perturbation. Most
likely it is lunar-related."

In the United States, much of which is weather-hazard area like the Lagos Bar
Beach, weather forecasts are taken most seriously and residents are usually
warned of catastrophies well on hand, through the mass media.

Solution’ Suggested
Lagos SUNDAY TIMES in English 25 May 84 pp 12, 13, 21

[Article by Captain Felix 0. Egbo]

{Text] The Atlantic Ocean fronts the Bar Beach at Victoria Island, Lagos,
where some major establishments that affect the nation's economy are situated.
Apart from that, the Bar Beach has for many years been a favourite area for
various persons and purposes. But the place has also been sometimes troubled
by devastating waves, resulting in floods, especially during the rainy season
when strong winds cause heavy breakers, (i.e. heavy ocean waves) to form

Following the gale in April which has been variously described as “storm
surge" and "frick" weather disturbance, the impression has been given that the
incident was new and unexpected. But we have had experience that could have
warned us about the recent flooding of Victoria Island.

To substantiate this fact, the writer here, examines what precipitated the eve
events and how they can be anticipated. It seems that the present solutionists
have only relied on facts which have little or no bearing on the actual facts
that are before them. Salvation can result from the application of simple
rules and remedies. Some are given herein.

Many may not recall or know that the forces at play at Victoria island were
largely identified before April 17, 1984, when Victoria Island was heavily
flooded and a storm broke through the Bar Beach.

My renewed interest in the Bar Beach matter was aroused by the following
account. In THE GUARDIAN, edition of April 19, 1984, Mr’ Ben Akpati, a pro-~
fessor of the Nigerian Institute of Oceanography and Marine Research was re-
ported to have said that the Bar Beach was "one of the fastest eroding beaches
in the world close to about 30 metres a year."

What baffled me and therefore prompted this write-up is that another academi-
cian at the Institute of Oceanography and Marine Research, Victoria Island,

spoke differently on the matter.

In the NATIONAL CONCORD of April 30, 1984, Dr. A.C. Ibe's "frick" theory was
reported. He gave a figure of 69 metres as the erosion at the Bar Beach
between September 1981 and November 1982.

This rate of erosion at the beach works out to be about 59 metres a year, One

becomes intrigued when one recalls that another of our eminent professors has
given us his observed and deduced rates of erosion at the Bar Beach.

50



“During its investigation the committee never en-
countered a situation or even a potential situation
where a compromise (between conservation and
other interests) seemed totally impossible,” the re-
port says.

Impact

The committee also recommends that environ-
mental impact studies be conducted in cases where
major development schemes might have an influ-
ence on the environment but adds it is not in favour
of legal enforcement of such studies.

“The scope of an environmental study is far too
nebulous and its scientific objectivity subject to too
much doubt for such a recommendation.”

Other recommendations of the committee in-
clude: .

@ The Department of Environment Affairs
should serve as the central policy-making, legis-
lative and controlling authority in all conservation
matters;

@ The Council for the Environment should be
expanded to include representatives of all Govern-
ment departments involved in conservation;

@ The National Parks Board should manage and
administer conservation in all areas of national and
international importance except mountain catch-
ments, indigenous evergreen forests and driftsands,
which should remain the responsibility of the Direc-
torate of Forestry;

@ Conservation legislation should be consoli-
dated to form a broad policy for the country as a
whole;

@ The Council for the Environment should out-
line the objectives of the National Parks Board and
define the term “national park” as well as terms
denoting other categories of conservation area;

@ The establishment of regional parks boards on
the lines of the Natal Parks Board should be investi-
gated;

cso: 3400/1027

@ The Council for the Environment should com-
pile a list of goals for a “national conservation ef-
fort”; .

@ Conservation areas should be established in
under-represented parts of the country such as the
North-Western Cape, the North-Western Transvaal
and North-Eastern Natal;

@ Rights to conserve parts of private land should
be obtained from owners as an alternative to out-
right purchase of such land by the state;

Incentives

@ Financial or other incentives should be intro-
duced to encourage private land-owners to set aside
Part of their natural veld for conservation purposes;

@ Urgent attention should be paid to the identifi-
cation and proclamation of more marine conserva-
tion areas;

@ Better co-ordination between nature conserva-
tion agencies should be effected;

@ Regular consultation on nature conservation
should be conducted with neighbouring states;

© Greater appreciation and awareness of conser-
vation should be promoted, especially among the
young;

@ Urgent attention should be paid at the highest
level of authority of implementation of the Presi-
dent’s Council’s recommendations on Population
control;

@ The impact of holiday townships, share block
schemes and similar developments in natural areas
should be investigated:

@ New measures for combating

pollution should be considered;

@ The private sector should be encouraged to
Provide accommodation on the borders of conserva-
tion areas or even within the large parks providing
such ventures do not conflict with the aims of con-
servation;

92



SENEGAL

SCIENTIFIC, TECHNICAL POLICY OUTLINED
Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 8 May 84 p 16

[Article by Saliou Fatma Lo: "Region to Play Preponderant Role, Says Balla
Moussa Daffe"]

[Text] A more systematic use and control of science and technology contri-—
butes to the faster development of countries from the standpoint of their
cultural identity. This conviction has led the Government of Senegal to
accord science and technology a privileged place in developmental plans as
well as in the strategies that ensue from them. The constant, calculated
upgradings of our research structures by the Government are also signifi-
cant in this regard, having been raised from the level of a Bureau of
Scientific and Technical Affairs in 1965 to that of a General Directorate
of Scientific Research in 1973, of a Secretariat of State in 1979, then

to that of a Ministry in 1983.

"This profound change in the status of these structures in less than 20
years is a glowing attestation to the Government's intent to put science
and technology at the service of a harmonious growth on our part from
within." These words were spoken by Dr Balla Moussa Daffe, minister of
scientific and technical research, during the special meeting of the CRD
[Regional Development Commission] dedicated to his department and held at
the Government House in the presence of Governor Tidiane Ly, the pre-
fects and the heads of regional services.

Discussing the Research Ministry's developmental objectives and strate-
gies, Dr Balla Moussa Daffe spoke of the recent Interministerial Council
meeting of 30 April, which set the priorities in this sector of activities.
He defined his own ministry as "the privileged instrument for the making
and implementing of national research policy. It has been entrusted with
the mandate of carrying out many functions in this regard such as the
planning and programming functions, and those related to its budgeting,
management, promotion, instigation, coordination and implementation."

71



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

CFM-NORTE RAILWAY LINE--The CFM-Norte railway renovation project is

currently in its first phase, which consists of the construction of a
reinforced concrete railway tie factory, the installation of a crusher for
gravel production and a rail depot. Simultaneously, construction is under way
of a rail assembly facility, a maintenance and repair plant for railroad
equipment, as well as of residential quarters for foreign technicians in
Nacala, Namialo and Nampyla. The renovation of the Norte railway of
Mozambique will last about two and a half years, and the project will be
carried out in three phases by a French-Portuguese consortium. [Text]

[Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 20 Apr 84 p 16] 12351

WOODCUTTERS, COAL WORKERS COOPERATIVE--A cooperative of woodcutters and coal
workers was formed last month in Matsinho-Estacao, district of Chimoio,

in Manica, after intensive organizing activities carried out for that purpose
by the political and administrative entities of the region. The cooperative,
already in operation, cuts stakes and bamboo for housing construction in
addition to working with wood and coal. During this early stage of their
work, the members of the new woodcutters and coal workers’ cooperative in
Matsinho-Estacao are supplying their products to the local population.
Production is expected to increase with the purchase of needed equipment,
namely shovels, machetes, hand saws and other tools. Subsequently, the sale
of coal, wood and stakes will be extended to other regions of Chimoio.
Meanwhile, the district secretary for economic policy of the party in Chimoio,
who visited the cooperative some days ago, instructed its members to work
with the administrator of Matsinho-Estacao to create conditions that will make
it possible to purchase materials in the markets of the province. He also
recommended that they build a local in which the cooperative's activities

can be coordinated and that they persuade more peasants to become members.

[By Helder Samo] [Text] [Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 24 Apr 84
p 2) 12351

PLASTICS PRODUCTION FIGURES--With the production of 179 tons of plastic bags,
855,863 units of household items and 8,615 curtains, the five companies of
the Administrative Unit of the Plastics Sector, in Beira, surpassed

over the last year the production goals set by the provincial government of

32



Herero/Coloured, to pitch for the Herero vote (SWAPO's weakest area) in an
election. Following his return to Namibia, Herman (now Andimba) Toivo has
ruled out any meeting with the MPC as pointless but has reiterated that SWAPO
will talk to anyone genuinely working for Namibia's independence. [Excerpt]
[London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English No 9, 25 Apr 84 pp 7-8]

BLACKS BARRED FROM TOILETS--On the night of the 30th ultimo at about 1llpm we
stopped in Keetmanshoop on route to South Africa for the short school holi-
days. After filling up and paying the R5.00 surcharge we were flabbergasted
when the attendant told us that Blacks were debarred from using the toilet
facilities. This happened at a certain service station in the vicinity of the
Public Park and the Police Station. It is ironical that politicians should
advocate that "apartheid" is disappearing but yet its decayed teeth and foul
breath is still a threat at this certain garage in Keetmanshoop. I suggest
the proprietor should spell out his policy plainly--put up huge boards saying
Whites Only so that the unwitting black should not patronise his garage.

[By John Wesley SNR] [Text] [Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 5 May 84

p 40]

cso: 3400/999

4h



SOWETO STUDENTS SUPPORT ATTERIDGEVILLE COLLEAGUES

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 28 May 84 p 3

[Article by Jon Qwelane]

[Text]

cso:

STUDENTS at a number
of Soweto schools have
come out in support of
nag in Atte-
ridgeville, Pretoria,
where the the Government
closed six high schools
for the rest of ine year
and left about 6 000 stu-
dents in the furch.

The students spoke
through a special com-
mittee elected from the
various schools and
mandated the co-ordi-
nate activities at the
various centres.

The Soweto students
said the learning frater-
nity had, since the 1976
upheavals, been united
in a common bond of
suffering and would not
lose heart, no matter
which turn history took
“but we shall not allow
history to take a tum

3400/1051

without out partici-
pation.” c
They believed that as

students they did not

constitute an indepen-
dent social force, and it
was for that reason that
they called upon ail par-
ents and workers to
unite “in action against
the system of education
based on capita exploi-
tation.”

The Pretoria students
had demanded .demo-
cratic students’ rep-,
resentative councils that
would enable them to
have a substantial say in
how they were to be
taught, but “the princi-
pals and their masters
refused and said SRCs
were political organs.”

What the principals
and their “masters” for-
got was that the system

of black education
served to produce cheap
labour for the bosses’
and could therefore not
be separated from the
general politics of the
country, the students
said.

“The system of black
education is part of the
entire apartheid
machinery. We need to
determine our destiny
today,” they said.

Dema

They had proved that
democratic education
could not be attained in
an undemocratic so-
ciety, but that did not
forestall their demands,

Those were:
© All schools that have
been closed should be
re-opened and all stu-
dents be saronditionally
‘re-admitted;

113

SOUTH AFRICA

© All students at pre-

sent in detention must

be released;

© The “democratic”

SRCs should be estab-

lished;

© There should be no

police interference in

student affairs;

@ There. should be. no

enforcement of the

wearing of school uni-

form as stipulated by the.

Department of Educa-

tion and Training;

© Schools should be

staffed with qualified

teachers who must be
well paid;

© There should be no

soldiers “posing” as tea-
chers, arid white teach-
ers in general were re-
jected' not on racial
grounds but because of
the purposes they
served. They were also
“ignorant” of history.  -



1984 TIDAL PREDICTIONS

TIME (hours.

I GLE

En

6
=
&

g

TIDAL HEIGHT (metres)

°

5

‘sea level 0;

rr

apr sus aug sei TU
DATE AND MONTH FORECAST

High tides are caused by earth movements and the positions of the moon and sun
in relation to the earth. And high tides could attain disaster heights of 1.5
metres, but rarely. Sometimes, too, they go below sea level, down to -.45
metre.

Fergus Wood, a US National Ocean Survey scientist, forecast 1974's high tides
of January 8 and February 7, respectively. That year's extreme high tides were
caused by the sun, earth and moon, aligning themselves in an almost straight
line and exerting excessive gravitational pull on the earth's surface, with the
moon's proximity to earth.

That phenomenon is described in scientific parlance as "syzygy" and causes all
liquids on earth to rise upwards. As man is 80 percent water, this situation
also affects man and even animals and plants, causing body liquids to rise up-
wards and jam the head region.

The situation manifests itself variously in different individuals, depending on
each body's physiological and chemical make-up. Symptoms like increased human
aggression and restlessness and, in extreme cases, lunacy, have been recorded
(the condition from which the word lunatic, itself, is derived).

Lunacy

At such times, the accident-prone, alcoholics, drugs addicts and the criminally
inclined, become mentally unstable and such activities as driving become danger-
ous. This is also a period when mystics such as islamic Sufis, who are familiar
with weather charts, fast, to reduce the liquid contents of the body.

Dr. Arnold Lieber, a Miami psychiatrist once reported that on occasion, his

patients who include a number of manic-depressives contact him "at the same
time." This phenomenon of patients reporting together during the same periods,

49



NIGERIA

REACTIONS TO FEDERAL GOVERNMENT BUDGET REPORTED
Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 14 May 84 pp 1, 24
[Article by Ndu Ughamadu, Jackson Imafidon and Arize Nwobu]

[Text] Experts in the various sectors of the Nigerian economy have reacted
to the 1984 budget announced by the Head of the Federal Military Government,
Major General Muhammadu Buhari, last week.

Some brokers at the Nigerian Stock Exchange have described the budget as
"practical" and "realistic" adding that though the effect was going to be
gradual, there was every hope of survival in the long run.

Speaking to the BUSINESS TIMES last week in Lagos, a top merchant banker said
"it was a right decision to put a strict budget because it would make us live
within our means."

The banker speculated that Nigeria's economic problem would be solved in
about two years "if we adhere to the dictations of the budget."

However, the BUSINESS TIMES was told that one aspect of the budget that was
likely to pose problems to bankers was the new interest rate as contained in
the banking and monetary policy.

In the budget speech, the Head of State said: "The existing interest rate
structure has been adjusted. The deposit and lending rates have been raised
by between 1.5 and 2.0 percentage points."

The managing director of the Merchant Banking Corporation, Lagos, Mr Christian
de Mailly Nesle asserted that the new interest rate would "affect bankers
strictly."

The new rates he argued would disallow "wider spread of credit loans" because
while there was an increase of the deposit and lending rates by 1.5 and 2.0
per cents, the maximum interest rate to be claimed from customers remained at
30 per cent."

Commenting on the restrictions imposed on external borrowing, he noted that

it was not specific if the restriction was applicable to industries in private
organisations.

45



In conclusion, he expressed his deep satisfaction with his visit to Sine-
Saloum, where the people know the situation we confront. "It is to their
great credit that they will do everything in their power to ensure our
attaining an endogenic development with respect to which the Sine-Saloum
region will occupy a predominant place."

9399
CSO: 3419/668

74



African forces from Angolan territory. The resolution was passed by 12 votes
to none — but with two abstentions, the United States and Britain. The
Soviet news agency TASS had pointed out in a commentary on January'5
that South Africa “would have been unable to act so arrogantly and
impudently ifit had not felt the support and encouragement of Washington”,
and here at the Security Council was the proof that TASS was right. To ram
the point home and make South Africa understand that it would not be
allowed to get away with it, the Soviet Union warned South Africa that its
occupation of Angolan territory and support for the UNITA bandit gangs
was unacceptable. The Botha regime should bear in mind that the USSR
was committed to Angola by a treaty of friendship and co-operation and
would give the Angolan Government all the support needed to defend its
sovereignty and territorial integrity.

Under the influence of the Security Council rebuff, the Soviet warning,
and the courageous defence of FAPLA which inflicted on the South Africans
their greatest number of casualties in a single operation since hostilities
commenced several years ago, South Africa eventually announced that its
forces were being withdrawn. But this, too, wasalie. There was still a massive
South African presence in southern Angola, and South Africa continued to
provoke conflict inside Angola to cover up its refusal to grant independence
to Namibia.

Round of Talks

There followed a period of intense diplomatic activity, in which South Africa
was engaged in face to face negotiations with representatives of the Angolan
government. In the same period South African and Mozambique govern-
ment delegations met in talks on trade, tourism and ‘security’, while in
Harare Premier Mugabe stated that Zimbabwe had had discussions on
‘security’ matters with South Africa. The US Assistant Secretary of State for
African Affairs, Dr Chester Crocker, and other US officials were also involved
in these negotiations.

The first outcome of all this was the announcement by Premier Botha in
the South African Parliament at the end of January that, having received
certain assurances from the United States, South Africa was beginning the
withdrawl of its remaining forcés from Angola and that this could lay the
basis for a settlement in the region provided that none of the parties
concerned attempted to “exploit the resulting situation”.

The nature of the assurances South Africa had received from the United
States was not clear; nor is it clear whence the United States derives its
authority to poke its nose into the affairs of the region altogether and give
assurances about anything. What isclear, however, is that the United States
and South Africa, relying on the use or threat of force, are attempting to
impose on Southern Africa a settlement which will promote their interests at
the expense of those of the liberation movements and the independent
African countries. Itis noteworthy that the stooge internal parties of Namibia
were involved in the January negotiations but SWAPO was not. Further-
more neither Botha nor any of the stooges made any mention of their
intention to implement UN Security Resolution 435 laying down the rules
for the achievement of genuine independence for Namibia. On the contrary,
the so-called Multi-Party Conference of stooge leaders told a Windhoek
press conference, after their discussions with Botha and Crocker in Cape

84



NAMIBIA

ACADEMICS LOOK AT POVERTY IN COUNTRY
Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 14 Mar 84 p 5
{Article by David Simon]

[Text] The conference of the Second Carnegie Inquiry into Poverty and Devel-
opment in Southern Africa, held at the University of Cape Town from
13-19 April, graphically illustrated the extent of poverty in the region.

Three hundred papers were presented by a remarkable range of. local and over-
seas academics, religious and community figures, themselves victims of poverty.

In addition to studies of poverty in particular urban and rural areas, many
papers focused on relocations, law, education public resource allocation,
health, food and nutrition, water supply, fuel, housing, rural development,
and industrial decentralisation.

Apart from the sheer extent of poverty, one of the dominant themes to emerge
was the central role of South Africa's political system in perpetuating and
indeed aggravating poverty.

This occurs through a myriad of legislation, and especially population remo-
vals in terms of Group Areas, 'black spot’ clearance, the Coloured Labour
Preference Policy in the Cape, and bantustan consolidation.

Discussion was not, however, limited to cataloguing the problems.
Strategies

Much debate centered on possible strategies for alleviating the crisis, with
delegates frequently disagreeing on the relative importance of short-term
measures within the existing sociopolitical system, as opposed to long terms
strategies under a changing system.

Inevitably the conference was dominated by the situation inside South Africa,
with only 10 papers covering other countries in the region. Two of these
dealt with Namibia.

Using census and other fragmentary data, a Namibian, Mr Karsten von Kleist of

Oxford University, suggested the extent of poverty in Namibia had declined
markedly over the period 1938-1981.

39



ZIMBABWE

LABOR MINISTER SPEAKS OUT AGAINST SPLINTER UNIONS
Harare THE HERALD in English 21 May 84 p 1

[Text] The Minister of Labour, Manpower Planning and Social Welfare, Dr
Frederick Shava, has vowed to take sterner action against splinter unions and
others which do not want to affiliate with the Zimbabwe Congress of Trade
Unions.

The measures will include control of finances from external sources and asso-
ciation with external organisations.

Cde Shava disclosed this at a meeting of the Gweru branch of the Zimbabwe
Institute of Management held here on Friday evening.

He said: "We are not going to have for one industry a multiplicity of unions,
because this will make any negotiations extremely difficult. When you nego-
tiate with one faction the other faction will organise a picket. This kind
of situation does not enhance greater productivity.

"It is only through unionisation under one union for one industry that we
will strengthen the bargaining power of the worker.

"It should be known now that we shall not entertain any discussion or any
audience with a national union which is not affiliated to the ZCTU.

"We would like to warn splinter unions and those unions which do not want
to affiliate to the ZCTU that machinations of the international community
in terms of provision of financial resources will always be a carrot before
them. It will always be a divisive element among them.

"We shall not sit and watch them receive monies from outside this country
which they use to destabilise the workforce. We are going to take stern
measures to control the entry of such money and association of such organ-
isations so that we can accelerate the pace of unionisation of the workers
in this country in the interest of the national economy," the minister said.

Cde Shava called on managers to accept scientific socialism as it was this

orientation that would put them on the same wavelength with those they
directed and supervised and the Government with which they had to liaise.

125



ARMS BOYCOTT AGAINST SA CRITICIZED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 May 84 p 6

{Editorial: "Sell Us Planes"]

[Text]

OF COURSE, the arms boycott against South

Africa is silly, futile, counter-productive.

Of course, we should get the aircraft and sea
and air monitoring equipment we need for

maritime surveillance.

Of course, such aircraft and equipment will
not be used to suppress dissidents at home,
or to launch any attacks on neighbouring

countries.

But merely to suggest that South Africa should
be allowed to buy aircraft and equipment to
Protect its fishing fleet and monitor passing
civilian shipping is enough to cause shouts of
protest that South Africa is trying to beat the

United Nations arms embargo.

That the order South Africa reportedly wishes
to place with British Aerospace is worth
R100-million makes no difference, even
though it’s a sum not to be sneezed at in
these days of massive unemployment in thé
UK.

The fact that South Africa with its old Shackle-
ton maritime surveillance aircraft keeps an
eye on shipping passing round its stormy
coastline, helping tankers and other ships in
distress, does not make much of an impres-

sion either in anti-South African quarters.

So far as they are concerned, we can let ships
go under with their crews rather than be al-
lowed the planes and equipment needed for

air-sea rescue operations.

Much play is made of the fact that although
the planes are wanted for a peacetime role,
they have the “space, range and endurance
to operate in a full anti-submarine role if re-

quired.”

That is quite hypothetical.

Our neighbours do not have submarines, so
we would not be using the planes in opera-
tions against them.

Besides, we are at peace with them.

If there was a global war, South Africa would
be part of the West’s defences and there’
wouldn’t be any problem of getting the arma-
ments needed for protecting the vital Cape
sea route.

Arguments that we need the surveillance plan-
es now for warlike purposes are just a lot of
hooey.

We hope that if the matter is broached by our
Prime Minister, Mr PW Botha, in his talks
with the British Prime Minister, Mrs Thatch-
er, there will not be a blank refusal.

After all, Britain as a maritime nation knows
the value of our coastal patrols.

The Shackletons are now more than 25 years

_ old and are to be retired in November. They
simply must be replaced.

For without long-range aircraft we cannot pa-
trol an area of 600 000 sq km effectively.

In reaching a decision, Mrs Thatcher should
note the views of our Opposition spokesman
on defence, Mr Phillip Myburg, who calls for
alifting of the UN arms embargo.

“We have genuinely moved away from the
philosophy that led to the arms boycott,” he

says.

“Six months ago nobody thought we would
have peace with our neighbours — now the
Prime Minister (Mr Botha) should persuade
the West to have peace with us.”

It is a sentiment which we wholeheartedly sup-

port.

109



can you give the youth on this important occasion in order that they can
successfully avoid the pitfalls of tribalism and participate positively in
the struggle for socialism?

Nyagumbo: I have already said that the youth have been fragmented along many
retrogressive lines including tribalism. Their fragmentation is a reflection
of how our society had been divided by colonialism for easy manipulation.

"Imperialism today still has an interest in this fragmentation. This is pre-
cisely because of that, for as long as you remain guided by these narrow in-
terests, it becomes very difficult, if not impossible, to identify the enemy
and the major tasks of the struggle correctly.

"It is very wrong and ideologically bankrupt for you, for instance, if you
are Shona-speaking that you identify anyone who is Ndebele-speaking as your
enemy, If you are workers you are exploited, you are exploited in the same
manner whether you are Ndebele or Shona, whether you are black or white.

"For as long as you quarrel among one another along such lines you can never
confront your enemy with one voice and one programme of action.

"This means that the exploiter thrives on your ignorance and petty squabbles.
He will continue to exploit you. This is why I said that imperialism today
has an interest in maintaining these divisions which are not along class
lines for fear of being identified.

"This is also reflected in the foreign Press when they fan the fires of
tribalism. You saw for yourselves the clergyman who fed foreign journalists
with news of massacres in Matabeleland but could never point at any mass
grave.

"The youth therefore must remain vigilant. One of their major tasks is to
learn. It is to learn Marxism both in theory and practice, They must demon-
strate to everyone their thorough grasp of the Marxist-Leninist outlook re-
quired for the building of the new society. They must also acquaint themselves
with the international struggle and show their solidarity.

"The youth can consistently remain revolutionary if it has strong links with
the working class movement.

"There are some tribal leaders who want to gain support by appealing to tribal
or regional sentiments. These should always be exposed and spat at in the face
as the Prime Minister once put it in his address to the youth. These old guard
nationalists appealing to tribal sentiments are mere opportunists who want to
use you to climb to the top. You should therefore remain vigilant.

"Such is the counsel I can give to the youth in preparation for the main
congress. This is because at the congress they must come from a programme
free from tribalism. They also have to elect leaders who are not corrupt and

who are not opportunists.

118



ZIMBABWE

BUMPER COTTON HARVEST EXPECTED AFTER LATE RAIN
Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 20 May 84 p 4

[Text] The potential of the cotton crop is likely to be higher this season
than was anticipated because of the late rains, the Cotton Marketing Board
said last week.

"This will benefit mainly the top crop if the cold weather does not come
early," a spokesman for the CMB said.

He said that a total of 41.4 million kg of seed cotton had already been
delivered to the CMB by last weekend. The figure reflects 8.3 million kg less
than the amount delivered by the same time last year.

The drop in the amount delivered so far was because the present crop was prov—-
ing to be a late crop because of the drought it had experienced during its
growth.

He said that much of the crop delivered had come from the Lowveld, tradition-
ally an early delivery area, The Lowveld ginneries at Mutare and Triangle had
received 7.1 million kg and 10 million kg respectively of seed cotton so far.

Excess

A total 1984 delivery of more than 200 million kg of seed cotton was expected
by the CMB and this would be well in excess of last year's intake of 168 mil-
lion kg. This year cotton will be the second largest agricultural product to
earn the country much-needed foreign currency. Tobacco is the country's
leading foreign currency earner in the agricultural field.

The spokesman also said that registration of cotton growers was increasing
rapidly in the communal sector. The CMB now had 114,560 registered growers
of whom 107,000 were from the communal areas, 6,600 were from the small-scale
commercial farming sector, with the rest coming from the large-scale commer~
cial sector.

CMB's Cotton Committee chairman, Mr Boyman Mancama, said last week, during a
tour of the Cotton Marketing Board depots at Karoi and Banket, that the board
expected a 40 percent increase in the crop delivered to the depots this year.
This represents 240,000 million kg.

123



JPRS-~SSA- 84-073

21 June 1984

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CoNTENTS
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

End of Conflicts Seen Only Solution for Africa
(Hans Stercken; AFRIKA-POST, Apr 84) ...ssseeceeseceeeees 1

Briefs
EAC Ends 4

ANGOLA

Good Life in UNITA Camps Described
(Chris Steyn; RAND DAILY MAIL, 15 May 84) .....ceeeeeeeen 5

Relations With Spain Progressing
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 19 May 84) .cccscccseccgeccencceeecees 7

Huila People's Provincial Assembly Session
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 19 May 84) ....eeeeeeee leabeceectenees 8

Huambo People's Provincial Assembly Session
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 19 May 84) ........... bee e seen e eee eee 9

BOTSWANA

New Government Appointments Announced
(BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 3 May 84) ...... see eececene te eceoes 10

Country's First Power Plant To Reducé Energy Dependence
(THE GUARDIAN, 13 Apr 84) ..cccsceescscecececerecscneenes 11

Benefits Derived From Future Kgaswe Coal Mine Described
(Alaudin Osman; BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 7 May 84) .......... 12

Government Agreed To Write Off NDB Loans To Crop Farmers
(Motiatsi Mbanga; BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 9 May 84) ........ 14

-a- {III - NE & A - 120]



SOUTH AFRICA

IMPLICATIONS OF POPULATION CONTROL PROGRAM NOTED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 28 May 84 p 6

[Editorial]

[Text]

“THE launching of the population-

contro! programme, which is geared
to stave off disaster in southern Af-
rica, could be seen as an oblique way
of addressing other serious prob-
Jems that could lead the country
alongthesame path. -

Reports about the
which will be run by the Population
Development Programme, say it is
aimed at slowing, and then by the
year 2 100 stopping population
growth in the country and will in-
volve every section of the society to
raise living standards. This. will be
done especially among those who re-
produce most — — the poor. In other
words, blacks.

It is sald that present family plan-
ning efforts will continue, but will
play a supportive role. The pro-
gramme,

dent’s Council and accepted by the
Government last September, is in-
tended to stop population growth at
80 million. Beyond that number,
according to reports, all the coun-
try’s water resources would not be
enough for everybody.

This sounds like good common
sense to us, and we doubt if blacks
will raise a grouse ‘about the com-
mittee’s objectives and aims. It is a
constructive approach to a problem
that is touchy and sensitive. There is

no doubt that the credibility of Gov-.
ernment projects in the eyes of
blacks is pretty low. :

There is, however, something new’
about this approach, something re-
moved from obvious official state-
ments about peoples’ breeding hab-
its. The tragedy is that even pro-
grammes that are geared at “im-
proving” the lot of the poor are
viewed as attempts at “improving
the quality of apartheid” by the
country’s blacks. If handled cor-
rectly, such projects could give more
meaning to the lives of many. It
would also be killing all sorts of
birds with one stone.

The Population Development Pro-
gramme is busy appointing nearly
six dozen social scientists to find out
what townships and other communi-
ties believe are their main social,
economic and physical needs. Put
like that it seems to be an unselfish
project.

It will, however, not be plain sail-
ing all the way for. those who oversee
the projects. The country’s manifold
“apartheid” laws have a way of
standing in the path of obvious and
often urgent progress. This will be
the first hurdle to overcome and will
also be fodder to those enemies of
the Government who refuse to see
anything constructive in whatever
the white man is planning. We can-

102



NIGERIA

BUHARI: FOOD CANNOT BE EXPORTED NOW
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 25 May 84 p 1

[Article by Aliu Zubair]

[Text] Nigeria could not afford to allow food and other essential commodities
to be taken out of the country in her present economic situation.

This home truth was made known by the Head of State, Major-General Muhammadu
Buhari, when he exchanged views with a member of Niger Republic Supreme Mili-
tary Council, Major Tandja Mamudu, in Lagos on Wednesday.

Major Mamudu had bought a special message from President Seyni Kountche to
General Buhari at the Dodan Barracks.

A Federal Military Government committee would look into the possibility of
establishing "corridors of trade" along the borders of the countries where
organised trading could take place with banking facilities.

Control

General Buhari told Major Mamudu that the Federal Government was considering
ways of controlling and regulating trade between Nigeria and her neighbours.

Earlier, Major Mamudu, who is also the governor of. the Tahona Province in
Niger Republic, expressed his country's concern over the closure of its
borders with Nigeria.

cso: 3400/1002

62



NIGERIA

MEASURES SAID NEEDED TO PREVENT FLOODING AT BAR BEACH
Erosion Likely Soon
Lagos SUNDAY TIMES in English 25 May 84 pp 1, 13

[Article by Basil Okafor]

[Text] Flooding of the Lagos Bar Beach, as happened only last month, was not
a total accident but an expected occurrence. It could occur a couple of times
again, before 1984 is out, writes Captain Felix 0. Egbo, a retired Nigerian
master mariner.

Last April's incident was variously described as "storm surge" and "frick"
weather disturbances by Professor Benjamin Akpati and Dr. A.C. Ibe, both of
the Nigerian Institute of Oceanography and Marine Research, Victoria Island,

Lagos.

But Captain Egbo disagrees, pointing out that such descriptions by both
academics give the impression "that the incident was new and unexpected." The
master mariner warns that similar floods could occur again on August 28 and 29,
and also on September 25, 26 and 27.

Mr Egbo quotes some of these dates as contained in this year's Nigerian Navy
Tidal Predictions, during which high tides are expected. His caution is to
prevent the Maroko or Victoria Island residents from returning home from work
and finding most of their belongings afloat or damaged.

In order for an over-flow of the beach to occur, on-shore gales or winds have
to blow simultaneously as when high tides of upwards of above 1 metre occur.
The high tide of last April 17 occurred at 1828 hours (6.28 p.m.) when the
tides rose to 1 metre as forecast by the Tide Tables.

Storm

Last Wednesday barely a month after the last disaster at the beach, a storm
gathered at the same beach just before midday, followed by a heavy downpour.
But luckily there was no incident because tidal heights as forecast by the
Tidal Tables stood at 0.0 metre (sea level) for 1118 hours, about when a
storm that lasted for hours broke, narrowly missing a 1.0 metre mark for
1758 hours.

48



SOUTH AFRICA

FAVORABLE TRADE BALANCE REPORTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 26 May 84 p 17

[Text]

SOUTH Africa re-
corded a favourable
trade balance of.
RS554,6-million for the
first four months of

CSO: 3400/1027

this year, according to
preliminary _ statistics
released in Pretoria
yesterday by the Cen-
tral Statistical Services
office.

Exports for the first
four months totalled
R7 225,9-million, com-
pared with R6 988,5-
million for the corre-
sponding period last
year.

The country’s total im-
Port figure for the first
four months totalled
R6 671,3-million, _com-
pared with R4 742,9-mil-
lion for the same period
last year.

The figures were ad-
justed largely to bring
them into line with the re-
quirements for the compi-
lation of the country’s
balance of payments.

A breakdown of ‘the
figures shows that Europe

remained the major im-
porter of South African
goods during the first four
months of this year, with
exports to the Continent
totalling R1 863,1-mil-
lion.

This was followed by
Asia, which imported
goods totalling R846,2-
million from the Repub-
lic. Exports to America
fetched R665,8-million,
While exports to Africa
and Oceania realised
R255,6-million and R61-
million respectively.

Exports of other un-
classified goods and bal-
ance of payments adjust-
ments amounted in total
to R3 524,3-million, while
ships’s and aircraft stores
totalled R9,9-million.

97

Europe also ‘remained
the largest supplier of
goods to South Africa
during the first four
months of this year, with
the figure "topping
R2 836,8-million. .

South Africa imported
goods worth R1 258,8-
million from America,
while imports from Asia
totalled R1 169,2-million.

Imports from Africa
and Oceania amounted to
R150,4-million and
R57,9-million respective-
ly.

Imports of other un-
classified goods and bal-
ance of payments adjust-
ments amounted to
R1 198,2-million. —Sapa.



urge their donkeys, who trot in tiny steps under the load; the
others tote their grain on their backs in goatskin bundles, hair-
side-in, untrimmed, unsewn. Actually, it is only’ the women, old
and young, who do the carrying, accustomed as they are to carrying
heavy jugs of water over long distances. The men follow them,
their hands hanging on their ever-present staffs now laid across
their shoulders for this very purpose, though sometimes the staff's
place may be taken by a precious rifle...

Following these columns of army-ants upstream, we reach the dis-
tribution center. In the Kobbo center, the sacks of grain are
stacked in an enclosed central courtyard, not far from the old
Italian fortress. The peasants, all wrapped in their uniform ecru
cotton robes called dobis, which shield them against the midday
sun and the evening chill, watch silently and attentively as they
sit on the ground forming a circle around the chief of their clan.
There is no pushing or shoving, only an unfathomable resignation.

While the people in charge of rationing perch on the sacks of grain
-~ barley, sorghum, or maize -~ as the roster of family names is
called, the groups already called up procede to the always labo-
rious task of apportioning it. The women fill goatskin. bundles
full to bursting, then hoist them to their backs, where they are
held in place by hempen harnesses cris-crossing their chests.
Other women squat in the dust, painstakingly picking’ up any seed
that may perchance have fallen there. It breaks your heart to see
these gaunt men, these old women in rags, these starveling chil-
dren picking up the spilt barley, grain by precious grain, and
tucking each one into a fold of the dobi or lovingly dropping it
into a rusty tin can. This is a kind of sowing in reverse, hu-
miliating as it is mean.

10,000 People in a Hollow

At Korem, on the fringes of the Tigre area still rife with re-
bellion, the RCA has set up a permanent camp. Its purpose is to
shelter and care for thousands of refugees -- fleeing famine or
war -- who have for months now been streaming into the sector.
Something approaching 10,000 men, women, and children are
bivouacked in a hollow that is by turns broiled by the sun and
drenched by thunderstorms -- yes, the rains have come back, too
late for the crops but quite effective at bogging down the food
trucks and making everyday life in the out of doors, far from
one's own cabin, one's own field, and one's own cattle (who are
not allowed inside the encampment) one long misery.

The sick and the exhausted can find shelter for a while in one

of the enormous canvas warehouses. That, however, is only a tem-
porary shelter, because everyone must leave as soon as he picks

up his RCG ration and receives any necessary medical care from the
Red Cross.volunteers, recently reinforced by five French physicians
from Doctors Without Borders. Many of the refugees have neither
the strength nor the desire to go there. So they move a little

22



welcoming speech, at this first opportunity the city has had
since the war to play host to so important a gathering. The
Quaddai representative on the CNC [expansion unknown], Mr Bashar
Abdoulaye, congratulated the chairman on his felicitous choice
of the farm country in the Sahel zone as venue for this confe-
rence on agricultural planning for the Sahel.

To an eagerly attentive audience, Mr Bachar Abdoulaye made him-
self an eloquent pleader for the Sahel Zone, which has suffered
more than any other part of Chad under. the combined effects of
drought and war. He exhorted the participants in this confe-
rence to make certain that the good intentions and laudable un-
dertakings which prompted the gathering of this conference will
"lead to self-sufficiency in feeding ourselves, to rebuilding
the herds, to a multiplicity of new watering-holes, and to sus-
tained efforts to fight desertification." He went even further
in his remarks, voicing the hope that this conference would
"open the way to transforming our country into a vast array of
small-scale improvements: building dams, drilling wells, tend-
ing plantations, and manning workshops, using nothing but the
strength and industry of our working masses." Quoting Presi-
dent Habre's statement that there is no idle land in Chad, the
CNC member expressed his hopethat mobilization of all our hu-
man, material, and intellectual potential would be brought to
focus on abolishing poverty. On this note, Mr Abdoulaye said

it bothers him to see agronomists, veterinaries, and experts in
rural water management "huddling into air-conditioned offices

as they devise often impracticable programs based on wrong-
headed concepts even as the farmers and herdsmen are going
through the worst hardships ever." He ventured to hope that the
cadres in the departments of agriculture and animal ‘husbandry
would move closer to the real rural world. The CNC member called
on the agriculture department to direct special attention.at the
Sahel Zone and to revive some of the farm projects that had
been allowed to wither away, such as the plan to develop polder
farming in Lake Chad. Bringing agriculture back to life in the
Sahel Zone, however, like everything else, depends on the situ-
ation of our country. Lacking peace, he said, none of the ef-
forts put into it can come to fruition. In a sharp reference to
the complicity of some of Chad's oqwn sons in the occupation of
our country, the CNC member explained that this was the real
reason why the Chadian government was forced to resort to the
outstretched-hand policy.

Agriculture and Rural Development Minister Djidingar Dono
Ngardoum chose to stress once again Chad's absolute need to be
able to feed itself. The Sahel, he pointed out, is cattle coun-
try, but it has enormous potential as farmland: lake polders,
and the rich lands around Lake Fitri. The persistent drought
leaves the government no choice but to concentrate its efforts
on irrigation farming. Expansion in farm production must be

18



COMMUNITY LEADERS BACK AUTONOMY FOR SHALLCROSS

Durban THE GRAPHIC in English 11 May 84 p 1

[Text]

cso:

3400/1027

COMMUNITY leaders in the Shallcross area are
shaping up to demand from the Development
Services Board (DSB), either a Town Board ora
Management Committee. .
The possibilities of these demands result from
the recent meeting between the Shallcross Advisory
Committee (SAC) and the DSB which ended in
deadlock, .
Mr R. Reddy, chair-
man of the National
Federal Party of South
Africa, told The.Graphic
that he supports the

-eall by businessmen and

residents in the area for
either a management
committee — which
would be run along the
same lines as the Durban
Management Commit-
tee of the City Council.
Supporting the argu-
ment of the SAC, failing to provide ade-
Mr Pillay said that ‘pro- quate parking facilities
per recreational facili- for the owners of flats
ties are sadly lacking in built bythe Department.
the Shallcross area!’ “As far as I am con-
- “We were promised cerned these flats, built
aswimming pool by the by the Department of
local authorities some Community Develop-
years ago, but to date ment, are in a terrible
the pool has not been state and it is obvious
built. At that time the that it has failed to
estimated cost of build- offer pleasant living
ing a swimming pool conditions in the area”,
stood at R200 000, but Mr Adams said.
if they were to build a Both the chairman
swimming pool today it and the secretary of the
would cost them SAC, Mr V.N. Naidoo
R600 000,” Mr Reddy and Mr B. Moodley, said
tevealed, . that they had received
Another prospective numerous complaints
politician, Mr’ Tony from residents in the
Adams, accused the area about the neglected
Department of Com- state of the roads, road
munity Development of verges and the parks,

101

SOUTH AFRICA



The participants have already began to study the documents of our vanguard
party, such as the economic and social directives of the fourth Congress,

the constitution of the RPM and FRELIMO statutes and programs, in addition
to tactical and technical activities. Classes on military engineering are
also being given.

At the end of the course, each participant will be given specific tasks
consonant with the skills acquired during the course, according to the
commander of the Training Center for Cadres of the Self~Defense Forces, Joao
Xaxier. He stated that all the participants in the 4th course "are capable
of leading or participating in direct combat against the armed bandits in
case of attempts at sabotage or occupation of their places of residence. Some
of them have already been involved in direct confrontations with these

agents of international imperialism."

12351
CSO: 3442/368

30



INCREASING STUDENT UNREST DEPLORED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 17 May 84 p 4

[Editorial]

[Text]

“THE TIME for saying there is a
crisis in black education and the
pronouncement of similar homi-.

lies has now come to an end — or,

should.

Six thousand students will be’
idle for more than half a year!
after the Minister of Education
and Training closed schools in
Atteridgeville,' Pretoria, this
week. :

In the meantime, the simmer-'
ing unrest at the University of
Transkei erupted into chaos.
when police are reported to have'
baton-charged students, and five:
lecturers were arrested and
threatened with “deportation.”

A number of students have;
also apparently been arrested, :
but in the confusion it is not;
known how many are being held’
by police or have gone into hid-"
ing. In Cradock there have been
sporadic school problems,

What should concern us even
more gravely is the fact that June:
16, which is perceived to be a sig-
nificant day, is almost on us.

This is the general scenario in
our education to date. We are
afraid there has just been too

much talking; there has been too-
‘much recrimination so that most’

of us have lost sight of the critical
issues involved. Added to that,
there is a vast expanse of ig-
norance, which is a disgrace to

Say the least,

Although Mr Barend du Ples-

‘sis, the Minister in charge, kept 2°

fairly open door during the dis-'
turbances, we are afraid the ig-

“ morance and lack of information:

from the top right down to par-
ents, is monumental. As in 1976,
we are likely to be caught in the

-middle of something we never‘

anticipated.
It may well be that there are
agitators, though that seems like’

-the ‘standby bogeyman to every:

problem we cannot solve. There.
may well have been subversion.

~The truth, however, is such sub-
version and agitation can only be

made to work effectively in an
abnormal situation: There has to
be the necessary seedbed of dis-

‘content for such forces to cause

so many children to sacrifice an
education they value. It does not
simply spring from the air, this
discontent. So what is it?

There are general complaints

“we have heard about. These too:

111

are simply symptoms, it seems to.
us, of much greater stress. We

might mention, parenthetically,



afloat or damaged, a situation which he could have avoided by lifting those
things from the ground before leaving home.

I do not approve of Dr Ibe's suggestions to construct "low, floating permeable
breakwaters or structure" or "to lay synthetic fabric matresses filled with
sands or stones along the most vulnerable beach" area. Furthermore, he recom-
mends that a law against coast settlement should be enacted. Let us consider
and emulate two situations like ours that have been successfully resolved.

Holland--the Netherlands--is a country that was deltaic and was subjected to
the destructive of tides and waves. In "Dredge, Drain, Reclaim--The Art of
a Nation" (200 pages), Dr. Johan Van Veen referred to the Dutch as "Masters
of the Floods." He narrated the spade work they did, the dredges and the
reclamation of the Zuider Zee which is "one of the greatest work ever carried
out by man for the promotion of human welfare."

In the case of Zuider-Zee, the Dutch first made an enclosure dam (similar to
a breakwater) which they completed in 1932 and then proceeded to reclaim the
place. The Zuider Zee was a gulf with an area of about 5,000 square kilo-
metres (2,000 sq. mls). Its area can best be.appreciated when it is realised
that it is, at least, the size of Lagos State.

The Dutch did not pump sand into.an undemarcated North Sea area, in the manner
that we have done at the Bar Beach for many years. Whilst they have the Zuider
Zee to show for their effort, our efforts to reclaim the Bar Beach or even
control its erosion problems were not permanent measures.

The second example is Japan, where the coast in many places is exposed to
strong winds and wave action. In the Kobe City area, for example, there has
been need to reclaim and protect land which has been used for industry. The
area protected there is about 3 kilometres (2 miles) long and tetrapods were
used. As a matter of fact, the use of tetrapods is widespread in Japan
because the Japanese know their effectiveness.

Having watched the scene for some years, I feel that a breakwater must provide
a complete enclosure remedy because it is:

(a) to protect the coastline particularly the badly eroded area.

(b) to enable reclamation of land and creation of space for recreation and
worship.

Dr Ibe's temporary solution which requires many years of scientific studies
"before any permanent solutions could be dreamt of" is most unnecessary. He
will find in "Africa Pilot, Volume 1""almost all the information required.
Apart from that, the hydrographer of the Royal Navy can give information on
nature of soil, ocean currents, depths, etc. on request. Why unnecessarily
spend Naira in these days of austerity?

I expressed my opinion on the erosion problem at the Bar Beach in my article
in the SUNDAY TIMES editions of October 7 and 14, 1979. I still hold the

54



SOUTH AFRICA

WESTERN ACTION AGAINST MUGABE REGIME URGED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 26 May 84 p 6

[Editorial: "A Monster"]

[Text]

LORD SOAMES, who presided over the
transition to Zimbabwean independence as
the last Governor of Rhodesia, is somewhat
upset by the violence in Matabeléland, but
he hasn’t the sense even now to admit how
wrong it was to sell out Rhodesia’s Whites
and moderate Blacks as Lord Carrington did.

Just note how ambivalent Lord Soames is:

“While the horrors of violence and torture
going on in Matabeleland are inexcusable
and indefensible . . . it is one part of the story
of Zimbabwe and a number of other coun-
tries in Africa. But it is not the whole story
by along way.”

We do not know what the rest of the story is
according to Lord Soames.

But if he wants to know what kind of monster
he helped create, a British Labour peer,

’ Lord Paget, could provide him with the
answer.

Lord Paget quoted an Austrian priest who suf-
fered under the Gestapo as saying: “They
were gentlemen compared to Zimbabwe's
Fifth Brigade.”

In case Lord Soames is still under. any illusion
about Mr Mugabe, he need only read what
Mr Mugabe said last weekend at the funeral
of a local Zanu (PF) official gunned down by
dissidents in the Musengezi area in central
Zimbabwe.

CsO: 3400/1027

“Enough is enough,” said Mr Mugabe, declar-
ing an all-out “fight to the finish” against
dissidents and their Zapu (Mr Joshua Nko-
mo’s party) supporters. .

“I shall give power to the police, and security
forces, all of them to mount a manhunt; not
only in the houses but also in bushes, and
hills, and trees.

“Anybody who belongs to Zapu will have to
answer for it.”

Hardly the words of a rational leader.

But then Mr Mugabe’s security forces have
been carrying out a savage campaign against
Mr Nkomo’s supporters in Matabeleland.

It’s time Britain, the United States and other
Western countries stopped shaking their
heads about Mr Mugabe and really did some-
thing about him.

Like cutting aid, or taking him before the Se-
curity Council, or threatening an arms em-

, bargo, or cutting off his oil, or getting a
sports boycott organised against his country,
or doing all the other things that are done to
South Africa for far less cause.

Butit’s asking too much, isn’t it? .

Mr Mugabe's men will go on massacring Nde-
bele, go on torturing people, go on strangling
opposition, go on destroying democracy until
Mr Mugabe achieves his one-party State.

After that, he’ll be accepted as a Black Marx-

_ ist dictator without any qualms.

108



To attain this ambitious objective, priority sectors have been defined.
Heading this list of priorities are the agricultural and agro-industrial, the
medical and pharmaceutical, and the renewable energies sectors. In each of
these sectors, the social and economic aspects are addressed on a par with
the technical aspects.

Dr Daffe further indicated that activities are defined each by a set of
guiding principles intended to serve as the frame of reference for programs
and projects. He added that other programs have been outlined for the
multi-disciplinary case requiring an integrated-activities approach.

Priorities

The minister of scientific and technical research then spoke of the support-
ive structures on which his policy rests. These consist of 11 national :
directorates and attached services. As for funding, he pointed out that
budgetary appropriations under the 1983-1984 budget total 1.8 billion versus
900 million in 1979, However, foreign aid to our country contributes in very
large measure to the implementation of our research activities. During the
period 1978-1982, for example, Senegal received 24.5 billion francs and the
total should exceed 4 billion annually over the next several years.

Turning to the outlook, Dr Daffe noted that Senegal's evolution is part of
the continuum of profound transformations that are taking place throughout
the world. Thus it is that Senegal has decided to take up the challenges of
the 1980's and to participate in the post-industrial revolution by way of its
creative abilities. "In keeping with these national objectives, our scienti-
fic research efforts have been intensified with a view to rapidly and effect-
ively accessing the leading-edge technologies, such as data processing, tele-
matics, remote sensing, biotechnology, nuclear technology, etc...

"In preparing for the future, this department will be intensifying its
efforts to satisfy the priorities of the moment: Food and energy suffi-
ciency, knowledge of our physical environment and natural ecosystems,
health, education, training and information."

Earlier, Governor Tidiane Ly had situated Dr Duffe's visit in its intended
context. In his view, the agricultural potential of the Sine-Saloum region
has warranted the stepping up of research efforts in this sector, with the
construction of a research center at Kaolack. As a matter of fact, in the
revised 6th Plan, the multiregional projects involving the Sine-Saloum
account for appropriations totaling 1.975 billion, or 42 percent of the
national budget for agronomic, forestry and hydrobiological research.

Most of the research effort involved will be deployed in the cotton and agro-

nomic areas, crop protection, the harvest of grains, and improvement of local
varieties (Nioro seed-bearing farm).

72



MAURITIUS

BERENGER VISITS ZIMBABWE, SEEKS ZANU (PF) LINK
Harare THE HERALD in English 22 May 84 p 11

[Text] THE Mauritian Militant Movement, an opposition party, wants to estab-
lish close relations with the Zanu (PF), and its leader, Mr Paul Berenger,
is in Harare to hold talks with Zanu (PF) officials.

Mr Berenger, who was a former Minister of Finance of Mauritius before his party
was defeated in last August's general elections, told The Herald yesterday that
he was due to meet Government officials today.

"We have already been invited to attend the Zanu (PF) national congress in
August, and we have invited it to attend our 15th anniversary in September
but we still have to work everything out," he said.

Mr Verenger said there were "signs of cooling down" of political problems
which had threatened national unity in Mauritius because of what he called
political persecution by the ruling party of Mr Aneerood Jugnauth.

"The situation had got rather dangerous, but it is getting better. It is now
on the economic front that politics is going to warm-up, especially with the
forthcoming budget in a few weeks," he said.

Mr Jugnauth's four-party coalition government was now left with only two
parties, as the other two had gone into opposition. There are now three
parties in opposition to Mr Jugnauth's party.

"His coalition with the Mauritian Party can break up at any time, but we are

not pushing for another general election although it is clear that a large
majority of the electorate are against the government,' said Mr Berenger.

cso: 3400/1027

24



CONSERVATION COMMITIEE REPORTS SERIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 May 84 p 12

[Text]

CAPE TOWN — A
President’s — Council
Committee investigat-
ing the state of Nature
Conservation in South
Africa has heard evi-
dence of large-scale
veld mismanagement,
deforestation and irre-
versible damage to the
Country’s estuaries.

‘According to evidence
before the President’s
Council planning commit-
tee 20 out of Natal’s 73
estuaries have been i
versibly damaged by silta-
tion caused by soil ero-
sion.

The number of Fish
species in the Province
has diminished from
about 20 to “one or two”
in 50 years, the Commit-
tee adds in its report,
tabled yesterday.

Quoting evidence re-
ceived from Professor J
Giliomee, of the Society
for the Protection of the
Environment, the com-
mitte says some estuaries
in Natal that were three

metres deep 50 years ago
are now only about 3 cm
deep.

According to other wit-
‘nesses, injudicious graz-
ing practices, path and
toad construction and the
establishment of tourist
accommodation have re-
sulted in apparently per-
manent damage to sensi-
tive areas of the Drakens-
berg.

‘The report adds that
over-exploitation of graz-
ing by small stock has re-
sulted in the conversion
of 12 million hectares of
grassveld into semi-desert
shrubland.

In the Transvaal, 82 per
cent of the Province’s
bushveld is currently sub-
ject to abnormal bush en-
croachment as a result of
mismanagement.

Deforestation has
taken place to such an ex-
tent in KwaZulu that the
nearest firewood people
in one village in the
Homeland is an cight
hour walk away.

Professor John Hanks,

90

of the University of Na-
tal’s Institute for Natural
Resources, told the com-
mittee, the depletion of
firewood resources in ru-
ral areas had led to dried
cattle dung being used for
fuel.

As a result, about 20
million tons of fertiliser
was lost to the African
continent each year.

The committee also
heard that natural grazing
areas in Gazankulu were
overstocked by about 40
percent and that the pop-
ulation growth rate in
Venda, Lebowa and Ga-
zankulu were near the
highest in the world, lead-
ing to subsistence level
agriculture and rapid de-
pletion of natural re-
sources. — Sapa.

SOUTH AFRICA



GOOD LIFE IN UNITA CAMPS DESCRIBED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 15 May 84 p 9

[Article by Chris Steyn:

"Casinos'"]

[Text]

DR JONAS SAVIMBI’s
kingdom lies nestled in
a south-eastern corner
of war-torn Angola.
Called Jamba (which
means “elephant”), the Un-
ita stronghold — from
where Dr Savimbi released
17 hostages at the weekend
— covers about 100km* of
dense green Angolan bush.
To get there from Johan-
nesburg entails a five-hour
flight — an hour of which
involves flying about 50m
above the ground to avoid
anti-aircraft missiles.
Then follows a 10-hour
trip in the back of a Russian
truck along almost impass-
able sand roads.
Jamba lies about 228km
from the airstrip, but trucks
can only average about 25-

Teenaged soldiers, armed
with Russian AK 47 assault
rifles and dressed in brown
and green uniforms, accom-
panied our Press contingent
of 24 newsmen on the jour-

"tn
e operation headquar-
ters of Dr Savimbi’s guerril-
la movement comprises
several camps, hospitals,
schools and workshops.
Each camp features spa-
cious, clean huts, confer-
ence rooms, kitchens and
entertainment halls.
Electricity and hot water
are two luxuries one would
not expect to find in the
middle of the Angolan bush

— yet, at Jamba, they're
available.

The huts — called “casi-
nos” — have private baths.

During our visit there,
breakfast — pork sausages,
omelettes, freshly baked
white bread and coffee —
was served in bed by polite,
efficient “waiters”.

Lunch in the dining hall
— which features seven
long teak tables with light
blue table cloths — was usu-
ally a menu of game stew,
rice, bread or potatoes and
sometimes pasta.

Beer and red wine were
served at mealtimes.

1 overheard a two-way
radio conversation between
a high-ranking Unita officer

vand Dr Savimbi. -

A Portuguese colleague
translated for me. Dr Sa-
vimbi had told the officer:
“Take care that nothing

joes wrong, because there
is no need for anything to go
wrong
And nothing went wrong.

Unita’s hospitality is a
combination of generosity
and calculated discipline.
The atmosphere is alwa'
relaxed — but even the
smallest task is carried out
in a most methodical man-

ner.

If image-building is what
Dr Savimbi had in mind, he
excelled himself. We left
Jamba astounded by the
network of organisation,
discipline and precision.

ANGOLA

"Electricity and Omelettes in Dr Savimbi's

A visit to Jamba’s Cen-
tral Hospital gave me an
opportunity to speak to one
of only two qualified doc-
tors in Unita’s liberated ter-
ritory.

Dr Hendrik Raimundo, a
fellow of the Royal College
of Surgeons, spoke of his
role as a Lisbon University
graduate in the often messy
world of Angolan war casu-
alties.

The hospital can accom-
modate about 250 patients.

Dr Raimundo performs
an average of three oper-
ations a day in the well-
equipped theatre at the
Central Hospital. Most of
these operations are for
hernias, appendicitis and
amputations.

He is assisted by one oth-
er doctor, two anaesthetists
and Several auaritied
nurses, He is ham) a
shortage of surgical Fath
ments, beds, operating
tables, blood and oxygen.

Unita’s Seer: of
Heakt& Services. jor

the

volved a shoriage of good
quality medicines — espe-
ciaky antibiotics — pain
killers and malaria medi-
cine.

There are another 21 cen-
tral hospitals in Unita-liber-
ated territory, as well as
regional hospitals on battle-
fronts and clinics for civil-
ians,



In the industry and energy domains, a solar collector testing center has been
installed at Diakhao, and prospections for peat have been carried out in
Kaffrine, Kahone, Koutal and Ngathie. Popularization of the use of "ban ak
suuf" ovens is an example of’ systems that can contribute to our energy-
conservation efforts through better use of firewood.

"The revival of hydro-agricultural research at Baobolong, and of the Sine
valley land improvement project, will contribute to increased gross domestic
production, which presently is being severely affected by drought. Applica-
tion of the new varietal chart concerning industrial crops, such as peanuts,
will also help facilitate the attainment of our production goals." Governor
Ly finds 55-437 disturbing to farmers and livestock breeders as well.

The general managers of the ISRA [expansion unknown], ITTA [expansion un-
known], DIP [expansion unknown], Protection and [Technology] Transfer Sys-
Tems, and Vegetation Protection System each talked on their respective
services. Clearly, all of these organizations provide not insignificant sup-
port to the ministry's policy. Thus, pivotal region that it is, major tech-
nological changes’ cannot be carried out without extensively involving the
Sine-Saloum. This is why four agencies are making of it their highest-
priority undertaking: ISRA, ITTA, ORSTOM [(French) Overseas Scientific and
Technical Research Office] and DIPT (Renewable Energies).

With the intervention of these organizations, the region finds itself the
focal point of interest on the part of the Ministry of Scientific and Techni-
cal Tesearch. In this regard, and from a farming standpoint, the Rural
Environmental Protection and Technology Transfer Systems play a preponderant
role there, as do the macroeconomic analysis and the farming and forestry
production agencies. :

Clearly, by way of its horizontal mission, the Scientific and Technical
Research Ministry is the bearer of highly hopeful expectations. As a result,
the discussions that followed the talks given by the various speakers gravi~
tated around the "research-development" ratios needing beefing up, the
Diakhao thermoelectric power generating plant, the PAPEM [Multiregional Ex-
perimental Base Stations] program, testing stations, 75-day early-season
millet, the desalting of "tannes" [reference is unclear], the new varietal
chart and, above all, the need to set up a regional bureau of scientific and
technical research.

Bringing the proceedings to a close, Dr Daffe stated that, while not yet
having attained its cruising speed, Senegal is on the right road to its own
development. He appealed to each and everyone to also take the same road,
saying that this will enable us to close the gap that separates us from the
industrialized countries. "This, after all, is what will bring to bear on
our research effort its trans-sectoral potential."

73



It was therefore greeted with
mixed feelings by the community
at large.

There were others, however,
who mindful of the political reali-
ty prevailing at the time, decided
to'use the Council for two reasons
namely:

© Creating for the first time a chan-
nel of communications with the
Government to eradicate racism
which had been institutionalised
into our political, educational, ec-
onomic, and social system.

spsing it 2s a means to bring
about peaceful evolutionary politi-
cal change in South Africa.

The proponents of the second
school of thought have now been
proven wrong.

~ While admittedly, there have
been certain breakthroughs, they
were generally parochial in na-
ture. The greater issues which the
council fought for — namely, the
repeal of the Group Areas Act, the
Asiatic Movement Act, disparity
in pensions and our educational
system, and so on — are still
there.

The fundamentally flawed new
tricameral parliament with its ex-
clusion of 70% of South Africa's
indigenous population coupled
with unequal and limited power
sharing for Indians was not what
we had fought for.

Those who therefore talk of the
“great volumes” achieved by the
council are suffering from mental
delusions. No mention is ever

National People's Party Chairman

Durban POST NATAL in English 16-19 May 84 p 10

made of the numerous motions de-
bated in the council chambers
which had come to nought.

Furthermore, the Council’s con-
troversial role in education has
only served to alienate the gener-
al public from it.

short, while the council may
have served a purpose in keeping
an open line of communication
with the Government and other
state bodies, it was in the main a
failure.

(The DP has been the official
opposition group in the SAIC
and has decided not to partici-
pate in the forthcoming elec-
tion for the tricameral
Parliament).

{Article by Amichand Rajbansi, chairman, National People's Party: "Worth Will

Be Realised"]

THE success of the Indian Council must be
{Text ] determined by the conditions prevailing prior
to 1964 when it was established as a non-stat-
utory body and its achievements in respect
of the amelioration of the conditions of the In-

dian people in the past twenty years.

The SAIC has brought relief for the

education, welfare, employment, culture, travel, etc.
In the past two years, the SAIC obtained pledges from the Gov-

ernment to allocate about R280 million for
in the next four years and we have been lookin;

requirements for our people as at 2000 A.D.
‘he reversals of many unjust decisions in respect of Group Areas
have been the result of years of efforts on the part of the SAIC where
many battles were fought with success before the Group Areas Board.

e lifting of the provincial barriers and the changing of the Govern-

some oft

community in respect of housing,

ousing for our people
ig at the future housing

licy decisions of not allowing Indians north of the Tugela, are
the many achievements of the SAIC.

Where employment opportunities were available the SAIC was on the
‘scene to negotiate housing for the people.

It has attended to the

plight of the working class by negotiating

more and better work opportunities. We have also brought relief for our
many traders in respect of resettlement, prevention of evictions, etc. The
opening up of Section 19 trading areas in many areas has been the result
of the efforts of the SAIC,

In respect of education,
up of promotion opportuni
academics.

Platoon classes have vanished,
training brought on a par with
construction of
been arranged.

As a channel of comunicat
ter it has been a useful orgar
artists, a white wife of India)
eviction of traders or farme!

the SAIC has been responsible for the
ities which were previously closed to Indian

Indian languages introduced, teacher
whites, a massive programme for the
technical and pre-vocational secondary schools have

ition with the Government on any mat-
inisation — be it visas for stranded Indian
in medical men who face deportation, the
rs, the evictions of tenants from homes, the

closure of shops, the closure of areas, the refusal of a pension application,

the removal of Indians from areas lik
Very soon the SAIC will be no

its worth only when it ceases to exist,

e Johannesburg or Clairwood.
more. The community will realise

(The NPP — the majority party in the Indian Council — will

be participating in elections to the House of Delegates.)

CsO: 3400/1027

79



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

END OF CONFLICTS SEEN ONLY SOLUTION FOR AFRICA
Bonn AFRIKA-POST in German Apr 84 p 5

{Article by Dr Hans Stercken, chairman of the German Africa Foundation:
"Only Reconciliation Can Help Africa"]

[Text] In my opinion, a way of looking at things which does not assess
regional developments in the larger context, or constantly focuses on one
thing while paying no attention to other problems that must be taken just as
seriously, is questionable. As Europeans, we surely have to consider how we
can contribute to peace, justice and humanity in Africa and what kind of
decisions and steps we should take to serve that aim within the confines of
our limited possibilities. Setting such aims strengthens and secures the
rights of men, of all men in Africa.

The extent of insuring human rights of course depends on the political system
which has developed in the state concerned. A parliamentary and democratic
state governed by the rule of law represents for us the greatest guarantee
of protecting human rights, But we cannot tie human solidarity and
consciousness of equal values and rights to the prerequisite of democratic
constitutions following our pattern, because if we did so we would have to
forego the advocacy of human rights in the greater part of our world.

The renewed liquidation of a democratic system in Nigeria amounts to a failure
of the most populous state in Africa to implement a viable demcratic system.
It is not apt to cause encouragement elsewhere for a road toward a more
pluralistic society.

In Namibia, it is now intended to establish a state for whose birth the
Federal Republic of Germany shares a special historical responsibility. It
is definitely not easy to participate in the creation of a system which could
not pass the crucual democratic test. Many vexations of the Group of Five
can be traced to the fact that, despite the majority resolutions of the
United Nations, there is a lack of factors guaranteeing not only democratic
elections but the stability of a new constitution. Unless it just wants to
go through the mtions, a democratic government will hardly participate in
processes which will not lead to the same value concepts.



CSO:

However, both Middelburg and Sa-
mancor are certainly well into the ex-
perimental stage.

Mr Hall told me: “Middelburg’s Kru-
ersdorp plant has installed a 20mva
(million volt-amps) plasma unit which

was commissioned in December.

“This is the first ferro-alloy unit of its
kind in the world and miust be consid-
ered at this time an extension of re-
search and development which, if suc-
cessful, will have the advantages of:
@ “Higher metal extraction; and
@ “The use of fine ores and ruductants
eliminating the need for expensive
lumpy ore or agglomerated reactants.

eB it is early days and too soon to

“About 1500 tons of ferro-chrome
have been produced to date and it is
premature to assess disadvantages at
this stage.

Mr David Pheiffer, the group techni-
cal manager of Samancor, says the
company has installed a 10mva small
furnace asa pilot plant at Meyerton

3400/1027

where it has been running for about a
ar.
wt also has another experimental
operation at Witbank.
To put the size in pespective, Mr
Pheiffer estimates Samancor’s total
ferro-alloy capacity at 550mva.

Both Samancor and Middelburg —
the two dominate the ferro-alloy indus-
try — are far less sanguine about the
outlook for ferro-manganese than for
ferro-chrome.

Mr Pheiffer says that while an aver-
age of 6,2ke of ferro-manganeése was
used to produce one ton of conventional
steel in 1980, the figure is likely to be
down to 5,4kg by the end of this year
because of technological advances.

South Africa is looking to ferro-man-
ganese exports of about 400 000 tons this
year and to using nearly 50000 tons
domestically.

Present effective capacity in the in-
dustry is about 650 000 tons, although it
would be easy to push that up to 750 000
fons by taking some plant out of moth-

107



SOUTH AFRICA

POLITICAL LEADERS ASSESS INDIAN COUNCIL PERFORMANCE

Solidarity Chairman

Durban POST NATAL in English 16-19 May 84 p 10

[Article by Pat Poovaligam, chairman, Solidarity:

[Text]

WHEN the first nominated South
African Indian Council was an-
nounced, the reaction was largely
derisory.

Several excellent persons, includ-
ing Mr Jack Naidoo and Dr Birbal
Rambiritch and Mr YS Chinsamy,
accepted nomination. But they found
nothing but frustration.

Later, Mr PR Pather staked his
well-established reputation upon the
SAIC, but he died before he could cre-
ate any real impact. Mr AM Rajab
followed, and was able to use the
SAIC quite effectively in many ways.
In this he was hugely assisted by
the then Mr JN Reddy, Mr AM
Moolla, and Dr ME Sultan.

If the first ‘result’ — that of abol-
ishing the 25 cent permit charge for
inter-border travel in SA by Indians
— was a great joke, the SAIC did
follow that up with the removal of
the ridiculous ‘inter-provincial

riers’.

Tam happy to acknowledge this de-
spite the fact that I declined repeated
invitations to join the SAIC. I saw the
SAIC as a dead-end street. Thus far
could it go, but no farther.

Yet, as I say, the SAIC did have
significant achievements to its credit
and only the thoroughly dishonest
will deny that.

The SAIC was not able to prevent
the White Death called Group Areas
from devastating Indian trading

rights in the Transvaal. But it did
fight for and it got alternative sites
where Indian traders by hard work
re-established themselves.

In housing, the Sultan-Rajab-Mool-
la-Reddy team managed to get sever-
al hundred million allocated for In-
dian development. AM Rajab and
JN Reddy deserve most of the credit
for the phenomenal progress in In-
dian education, especially in the pro-
vision of schools.

The Moolla-Rajab-Reddy trio in
the SAIC were largely responsible
with Dr Alec Solomon of the ML
Technikon ‘to get that Institute to
train Indians as technicians and
technologists.

Then I have not the slightest doubt
that it was the combination of AM
Moolla-JN Reddy-AM Rajab leader-
ship in the SAIC that saved Park
Rynie for Indians, that prevented
Stanger from being carved up, and
rescued Umzinto, retained Marburg,
got some progress in Ladysmith and
in Estcourt, and above all saved the
Grey Street complex from covetous
white vultures,

In terms of political rights, the
SAIC was dead-end but by using it
effectively, Indian leaders did man-
age to get some results for our com-
munity. That must be acknowledged.

Sadly, insofar as the SAIC is con-
cerned, the past two years have been
one of degradation.

(Solidarity will be contesting elec-
tions for the House of Delegates.)

77

“Nothing but Frustration..."]


cso:

3400/1051

not blame people for having such a
cynical attitude to even desperately
needed advances to their, and the
country’s upliftment. Too many
false promises have been made.

If the programme is carried out
without the impediment of ulterior
political motive, then we can only
wish it the best of luck. We are.
afraid there will be bureacrats, and
the stray ideologue, who might slow
down the process or introduce cer-
tain dimensions that would in-
evitably make it look suspect.

There is also the element of the
right-wing radical white, who will
no doubt see this as another “verlig”
sop to blacks — as another step in
giving over the so-called white
man’s land to black people.

103



TPA Squandered Cash for Roads, Says Gadd

THE Transvaal Provincial Roads De-
partment was yesterday accused of
“squandering and loosing” millions of

_¥ands desperately needed for roads de-
velopment and maintenance.

Mr Alan Gadd, PFP member for Yeo-
ville, said in the Provincial Council mil-
lions had “gone down the drain” due to
the resiting of roads, losses in stores,
poor control and other factors.

He cited examples of needless expen-
diture on roads planning and in particu-
larly, slammed the expenditure of nearly
R1,7-million on projects which had been
“temporarily suspended”.

But, he said, one of the “most sicken-
ing” aspects of the administration was
the failure of the province to claim mon-
ies totalling nearly R1,6-million owing to
it from other State departments in the
last year alone.

He said the province should ask itself
why it was not getting its fair share of
Government financial backing — when
nearly 60 percent of all the country’s ve-

"Red Arms Still Go to Angola

THE Transvaal provincial coun-
cil was told that there was “good
and responsible” information
available that Russian military
hardware was still flowing into
Angola — in a deliberate defi-
ance of the peace negotiations
agreement.

Dr Servaas Latsky, Conserva-
tive Party leader in the council
said he had good information
from a very reliable American
intelligence source that since the
ceasefire, quantities of weapons
had been landed in Angola from
the Soviet Union. :

These included 16 MiG 23
fighter aircraft a number of MI
23 gunships and certain types of
artillery.

He demanded to know how
the P W Botha Government
could justify “playing Santa
Claus” to neighbouring Black

hicles were registered in it.

“It is because the. Transvaal has the
reputation of being difficult — the prov-
ince where conservatism started to build
into the CP and the AWB.

“Or is it because our executive com-

mittee members are too weak to stand
up for our rights” he asked.
.. The MEC in charge of roads, Mr A J
Botha, denied that roads in the province
were in as serious a state as the opposi-
tion claimed.

Despite severe clampdowns on Gov- *
ermmment spending his department was
largely succeeding in keeping the roads
in as good a condition as ever.

The trouble was that many people
underestimated the drought and other
economic factors.

Attacks on the state of the province’s
roads were simply examples of the “‘pol-
itical bankruptcy” of the opposition.

“There is no possibility that our roads
are in danger of collapse,” said Mr Bo-

a.

states when the Republic ‘itself
was suffering economically.

It was incredible to see the
ease with-which Black states got
money from South Africa and
the time had come to turn the
tap a bit tighter, he said.

Of the overseas promotion of
the P W Botha Government he
said “‘General Smuts also sought
his recognition overseas — and
he was rejected by the Afrika-
ner.”

Of Mozambique, he said the
‘country was only interested in
using South Africa to save her
when she was in dire trouble
economically.

But once things improved
Moscow would once again step
in — with the ability to reacti-
vate the African National Con-
gress within 24 hours.

88



NIGERIA

ANAMBRA STATE REPORTEDLY RETIRES 1,642 OFFICIALS
Enugu DAILY STAR in English 24 May 84 p 1

[Text] The Anambra State Government has retired 1,642 public officers serving
in various establishments in the state.

In a statement in Enugu on Tuesday, Governor Alison Madueke said the measure
was "in pursuance of the government's policy to prune down the State Public
Service."

The officers affected include 929 persons found "unproductive and generally
ineffective" in the discharge of their duties.

In this category, 454 officers are in the State Civil Service, 261 in post-
primary educational institutions, 102 in boards and parastatals, while 112
are in the local governments.

The retired officers also include 456 public officers who have attained the
statutory retirement age of 60 years but are still in the service.

The officers comprise 197 people in the State Civil Service, 118 in post-
primary educational institutions, 96 in local governments and 45 in boards
and parastatals.

The third category of retired public officers covers 257 people who have
attained 59 years and above who are required to tender their retirement papers
with immediate effect.

Of the number, 153 people are in the civil service, 56 in the boards and para-
statals and 46 in the local governments.

Governor Madueke said that it had become necessary to retire the officers par-
ticularly in the light of the present financial constraints high-lighted in
the budget.

He dectared: "This administration is resolute in its determination to improve
the effectiveness and performance of the State Public Service.

56



As a result of his interest, he observed that "in the first week of October
1977, at high tide, the tip of the waves reached a point 240 metres away from
the front gates of the Federal Government Special Guest Houses.

In the first week of August, 1979, also at high tide, the tip of the waves had
reached a spot only 205 metres away from the gates of the building." This
works out to be 19 metres a year. Is it not appalling that our academicians
have given us three different answers to a problem with each claiming to be
right? Some persons might ask, "why worry, as long as the learned men have
discovered that there is erosion at the beach"? To them, I say that even an
illiterate layman knows that erosion is going on at the beach and that makes
the problem more complex than the making of unproven statements, as Prof.
Onabamiro only has justified.

Let us hear Prof. Onabamiro again, Some many years ago, Professor J.C. Pugh,
former head of Department of Geography at Ibadan, stated that "pumping sand on
to the eastern beach to counterbalance the sandy drift away" is the answer to
the problem of loss due to longshore drift and that the sand should be won and
pumped from the Lighthouse Beach. In which case, Dr. Ibe has not told us any-
thing new on this aspect. “

Realising also that Prof. Onabamiro recommended the acceptance of Professor
Webb's recommendation that a new beach should be formed with the Victoria
Island behind it, and yet no attention was paid to him, he will be right and
proper to maintain and hold an attitude of "work and silence." But to cheer
him up, let me recall that in 1892, Sir John Coode suggested the present solu-
tion of training moles at the Bar Beach at a cost of .£1,000,000 (one million
pounds) but nothing was done. Maybe, an expert emerged, for 16 years later,
on June 8, 1908, Sir John Coode's idea materialised when the first stones were
tipped into what is now eastern breakwaters. The entire operation took about
30 years to complete with rocks from Aro, near Abeokuta, Ogun State.

Let me now divert attention to other serious issues that were apparently
neglected by the oceanographers. Did Dr Ibe hear echoes from the bosom of
Victoria Island before or after the April "frick" weather disturbances? Why
do I ask? It is because tides are the periodical oscillations of the ocean
which are occasioned by the combined actions of the sun and moon.

Every January 1 of a year, the Nigerian Navy publishes Tide Tables for that
year. The Tide Tables are for sale to the public, The tidal predictions
therein are based on data obtained by a method of harmonic analysis and they
are very close approximations of actual times and heights of tides. The pre-
dictions are based on normal astronomical conditions plus "average meteoro-
logical conditions including seasonal weather changes." The hydrographer of
the Nigerian Navy then warns in the Tide Tables that "abnormal wind and pres—
sure conditions can result in deviations from the predicted heights of tides.
Let us now take a look at the following situation. The Nigerian Navy in their
Tidal Predictions for Lagos Bar (same as Bar Beach) for the Year 1984 stated
that the highest tides predicted for the first seven months of the year (i.e.
to July ending) will occur as follows:-- ©

52



GOVERNMENT AGREED TO WRITE OFF NDB LOANS TO CROP FARMERS

Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 9 May 84 p 1

{Article by Motiatsi Mbanga]

[Excerpt]

CSO:

3400/1023

GABORONE, MAY 7: Govern-
ment had agreed to write-off the
1983/84 National Development
Bank (NDB) seasonal loans to
crop farmers and these would
not have to be repaid.

“The accumulated interest, as
at 31st March 1984 on 1981/82,
1982/83 and 1983/84 seasonal
for crop farmers will be written-
off and will not have to be repaid,”
the Minister of Agriculture, Mr
W.R. Meswele announced at a
meeting with farmers here on
Friday.

Addressing over 30 members
of the Ngwaketse and Barolong
Farmers Associations in the
Ministry of Agriculture Confe-
rence Hall here, Mr Meswele told
the farmers that Government had
been examining the problems of
crop farmers, in view of the
difficulties created by the three
years of drought.

Crop farmers, he said, had
received minimal income from
harvests and had accumulated

substantial debt and repayment
problems.

Mr Meswele told the farmers

that in addition to the seasonal
loan and accumulated interest
write-off to assist crop farmers,
Government had also agreed on
the following:
@ 1981/82 and 1982 to 83 NDB
seasonal loans for crop farmers
be eligible for re-scheduling over
three years, to extend the
repayment period. Interest will
be charged from 1st April 1984.
@ Long term loans from NDB to
crop farmers will be eligible for
re-scheduling over five years.
Interest will continue to be
payable on these loans.

Minister Meswele however
noted that the above measures
which provided a considerable
debt relief for crop farmers was
going to cost Government over
P2 million.

He said it was expected that
these would be a major incentive
to farmers to prepare for the new
season, in the exoectation of a

reasonable harvest

in 1985.

BOTSWANA


He said he wanted to make it clear he had attended the talks at the invita-
tion of SWAPO in his capacity of church leader, he did not have the impres-
sion that he had been part of the SWAPO delegation. SAPA [Text] [Windhoek
THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 21 May 84 p 3]

POLICE CHIEF WARNING-~People who committed acts of terror against the people
of Namibia would have to suffer the full power of the security forces, the
commissioner of the SWA Police Force, Major-General Dolf Gouws, said at the
weekend. Gen Gouws said last Wednesday's bomb blast in Windhoek's City Centre
--after the abortive Lusaka independence talks--had been an act of terror
aimed at the people of the country and was not an attack on the territory's
infrastructure. "I have taken note of evidence found by explosives experts

at the scene of the terrorist attack, that the explosives and detonator used
in the bomb were usually applied by SWAPO terrorists in sabotage," he said.

In view of statements by SWAPO's leadership that the insurgency struggle would
be intensified and brought to the doorsteps of the people of the territory,
there was little doubt that SWAPO insurgents had planted the bomb.--SAPA
[Text] [Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 21 May 84 p 3]

POSSIBLE STUDENTS' STRIKE--A strike by students at the Khomasdal Training
College was reported to THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER by an anonymous source. A11
was quiet when a reporter and photographer went to the College. Members of
staff referred them to the Rector, Mr RH Burton. But Mr Burton first re-
ferred reporters to the Director of Education, and then said: "I don't know
anything about it." [Text] [Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English

24 May 84 p 1]

ABIDJAN COULD BE VENUE--Abidjan--Ivorian President Felix Houphouet-Boigny
yesterday met SWAPO leader, Mr Sam Nujoma, official sourees said, fueling
speculation Ivory Coast could host a followup to recent abortive talks on
Namibian independence in Lusaka. The veteran Ivorian statesman said last
week after meeting representatives of the Multiparty Conference and confer-
ring earlier with Mr Nujoma, his country was ready to help find a lasting and
peaceful solution to the problem. He did not say how he could help, but
diplomatic sources said he had offered his country as a possible venue for
fresh talks. Government sources have declined to comment on that possibility.
[Text] [Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 24 May 84 p 1]

OUTLOOK FOR MPC DECLINING--The outlook for the MultiParty Conference (MPC) has
declined further (AC Vol 25 No 8). The dispute within the Southwest African
National Union (SWANU) has come into the open with secretary-genera Nora
Chase's denunciation of SWANU president Moses Katjuongwa for "slandering"
other SWANU leaders and SWAPO. She has called for an extraordinary congress
to decide on SWANU's continued participation in the MPC, and says the only
alternative option is for SWANU to form an alliance with SWAPO. We understand
that the basis of an agreement was thrashed out at Chase's meeting with SWAPO
leader Sam Nujoma in Lusaka last year, and that it was finalised at the meet-
ing between Chase, three other SWANU leaders and Nujoma this March. The
alliance, which could eventually include. the Damara Council and SWAPO-Demo-
crats, will take the form of a prospective electoral pact rather than any
outright merger. This would enable SWANU, whose membership is almost entirely

43



NIGERIA

NNPC FIRES 19 OFFICIALS FOR CORRUPTION
Enugu DAILY STAR in English 8 May 84 p 3

[Text] Nineteén identified NNPC officials who are known to have colluded
with smugglers at the Corporation's depots and refineries have had their
appointments terminated or dismissed.

The Minister of Petroleum and Energy, Professor Tam David-West, revealed this
in a special statement in Lagos reviewing progress made in the current battle
against illegal bunkering and the smuggling of petroleum products across the
country's borders.

He stated that the jetties used by the illegal bunkerers in Lagos area included
Stephen Bjose jetty, Kirikiri, Ijora/NEPA jetty, Ebute-Metta Water Frontier
and Marina Water Front.

In the Port-Harcourt zone, he said, the smugglers used Pennington jetty,
marine Base, Borokiri jetty, Ogoloma cement jetty, K & K jetty and Iwofe
jetty.

Besides, the smugglers similarly used Udu Bridge jetty and Uwaneyeri jetty,
all in the Warri Zone.

Professor David-West warned that the National Task Force against illegalities
in the petroleum industry was on a 24-hour alert and vigilance, stressing
that all caught in the act would be duly tried by the Economic Sabotage
Special Tribunal.

He recalled that in the past some unscrupulous individuals and companies
obtained the products at NNPC depots, which were generously subsidised by
Government, and later transported them to foreign countries where they were
sold at international prices.

The Minister also pointed out that recently, 28 illegal drum filling depots
were discovered in the Idimu area of Lagos, some of them along NNPC Pipeline
Right of way.

He added that contrary to the speculation that the drums were being filled
from pipeline taps, road trucks belonging to several licensed marketing com-
panies were seen discharging their products into those drums.

csO: 3400/1001

47



rural specificity and of your generous inclination in our regard, we will
never cease soliciting the aid of your country." In his responses addressed
to the populations of these localities (as he would also repeat later at
Ker Kanni, a fief of the Lac Retba, where the Chinese delegation was invited
to have "Chinese" tea. [as published]

Mr Lieng Feng, after thanking the dignitaries present, said: "This is the
first time we have visited Senegalese villages. It makes us happy to be
among you here in Senegal, a warm, spontaneous, hospitable, gracious people..
This stimulates us in our desire to strengthen the cooperation between our
two countries."

Referring to the context of his visit, he said: "Our coming here has been to
gain a better understanding of what needs to be done to come to the aid of
the rural world and see how the Senegalese farmers would be inclined to react
to the request of President Abdou Diouf."

Concluding his remarks, he expressed his desire to see a further strengthen-
ing of the friendship that unites Senegal and the PRC, then his best wishes
for a good winter season with excellent economic yields.

Previously, Mr Ndiack Ba had, for his part and through his high-level repre-
sentatives, expressed his thanks to all the Chinese people and their leaders.
We also note that, during its trip, the Chinese mission showed particular
interest in seeing the aero-solar power generating plant at Niaga.

The officials in the different districts unfailingly reiterated their sup-
port of President Abdou Diouf and of Mr Mar Diouf, secretary general of the
6th Coordination, as well as their thanks to Mr Ibrahima Kone, governor of
the region, and Mr Ndiack Ba.

9399
CSO: 3419/668

76



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

BRIGHT FUTURE FOR MINES--Zimbabwe is optimistic about the future of the mining
industry, the Minister of Mines, Cde Callistus Ndlovu, said yesterday. Open-
ing the 16th joint conference of the Mining Affairs Board and the district
board in Harare, Cde Ndlovu cautioned that the industry's success depended on
the efficiency of its management. He assured mining investors that the Mining
Development Board was not against them as long as they addressed themselves
positively to the industry. The industry had had few labour conflicts despite
the economic recession and drought. Any conflicts, he said, would be resolved
by his ministry and the Ministry of Labour. Among the subjects to be discussed
by the conference would be the law of the sea and its relevance. Participants
intend to recommend that the Government of the Chamber of Mines monitor pro-
gress on matters relating to the law of the sea to ensure the protection of
Zimbabwe's mining industry. Members will also discuss the Lome II Convention
system for the stabilization of mineral production. They will recommend that
the Government and the Chamber of Mines persuade the EEC to recognise the
merits of small-scale mineral producers being eligible for assistance when
formulating a successor to Lome II Convention.--ZIANA [Text] [Harare THE
HERALD in English 22 May 84 p 11]

FOOD CONVOYS PROTECTED--Victoria Falls--Everything possible would be done to
protect transporters hauling maize and other imports and exports using the
route to Malawi through Mozambique, the Zimbabwe Deputy Minister of Transport
said at Victoria Falls. Speaking at the Zimbabwe National Chambers of Com-
merce business forum, Mr Nelson Mawema told delegates that for the last month
the army had been escorting convoys from Machipanda to the Malawi border. All
attacks on the convoys had taken place before this. The last attack was at
the end of March. Dealing with maize imports, he said the latest information
indicated that 610,000 tons would be imported.--SAPA. [Text] [Johannesburg
THE CITIZEN in English 21 May 84 p 13]

NORWEGIAN AID FOR REFUGEES--The Norwegian Save the Children Organisation,

Redd Barna, is to spend $800,000 in resettlement schemes, supplementary feed-
ing and on Mozambican refugees, the resident representative, Mr Rober Ing, has
said. Mr Ing said his organisation will spend $400,000 annually in resettle-
ment schemes, $300,000 on supplementary feeding and $100,000 will be used to
support Mozambican refugees in the northeastern border area. He said coopera—
tives, collectives and resettlement schemes aided by his organisation were
proving "extremely successful." Mr Ing said a Masvingo co-operative that had
financial help from his organisation had produced better crops this year than
many commercial farms in the region. He said members of the cooperative would
have enough food to last them until the next harvest. [Excerpt] [Harare THE
SUNDAY MAIL in English 20 May 84 p 4]

CSO: 3400/1025 END

131



ANGOLA

HUAMBO PEOPLE'S PROVINCIAL ASSEMBLY SESSION
Luando JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 19 May 84 p 3

[Text] Huambo. The eleventh session of the Huambo People's Provincial
Assembly, which met recently under the chairmanship of Lieutenant Colonel Joao
Ernesto dos Santos (Liberdade), made an in-depth analysis of the various
problems in the province.

In his speech at the opening session, the Lieutenant Colonel referred to the
operations of the various ministeries, and said that there are specific
factors which are hindering agricultural development, which also needs to be
better organized to develop properly.

As for industry, he said that this important sector is still struggling with a
shortage of raw materials, and that the situation is further aggravated by
constant black-outs. He also referred to continuing problems in the health
sector, which are preventing the people from receiving good medical care and
medicine.

Ernesto dos Santos also pointed out in his speech the sacrifices being made
by the Bailundo and Mungo municipal commissariats, in the area of defense.

During its meetings, the Assembly reviewed progress toward fulfilling the
guidelines of the previous session, and noted that they had not been
fulfilled, mainly because of a lack of initiative on’ the part of certain local
agencies. With regard to the problem of ensuring supplies to the province,
the participants at the meeting concluded that the current difficulties could
basically be attributed to the national marketing plan.

Also included on the agenda of the Assembly was approval of the reports on the
activities of the Provincial Commissariat for the past year and the proposed
resolutions of the activities of the representatives in their fields of

action. The Assembly elected three more representatives and 30 people's
counsellors for the courts. Among the representatives elected, Celestino
Jalomba was named to the post of First Secretary, replacing Paulo Gime, who
completed his term of office.

9805
CSO: 3442/382 9



I recommend for the reading pleasure of the public, the SUNDAY TIMES edition of
September 9 and 16 1979 and the paper's editions of October 7 and 14, 1979, The
exercise begins with Professor Sanya Onabamiro's, "The Shrinking Victoria
Island." In that essay he mentioned two other professors at Ibadan, they being

Dr. J.E. Webb and Prof, J.C. Pugh, both of whom made valuable statements on the
Bar Beach issue.

For the sake of brevity, I quote a few of Prof. Onabamiro's statements which
were based on Geomorphology and personal observations.

According to him, the Lagos sea shore has not always been where it is today.
About 25,000 years ago; the sea shore was about 30 kilometres further inland.
As the crow flies, it means that the Bar Beach was near the Portland Cement
Works at Ewekoro, Ogun State, at that time. In fact, what Prof. Onabamiro is
saying is that accretion of land took place and it extended well to seaward of
its present position. The situation then reversed into erosion as at now.
Have the oceanographers researched to that extent?

On the aspect of deduced rate of erosion at the beach, Professor Onabamiro
had access to "old government records, copies of some 19th century government
gazettes, some old maps of Lagos and, in particular, the text of a brilliant

lecture delivered in December 1959, by Dr. J.E. Webb, Professor Zoology at
Ibadan."

From these, he reported that "from 1900 to 1956, Victoria Island was known to

have lost eight kilometres of land to the sea, and presumably in the succeed~
ing 30 years it had shrunk at a comparable rate."

That rate of erosion aver-
ages 143 metres a year until 1986.

On the other hand, Dr. Ibe only reportedly stated that "more than 1.5 kilo-
metres of the beach had been lost to erosion in some sections of our coast."
But hold your breath as Prof. Onabamiro gives the actual observed rate of ero-
sion at the beach. He became more interested in knowing more about what is

happening to Victoria Island "in October 1977 when I left Ogoja and came to
Lagos."

— —
TIDAL FORECASTS, AUG —NOV, 1984.
WIGHEST -TIDES
moury [pate [nme Ceres) [AE | mowre [ours [rime (are) | BL,
AUG 28 cz Vet |] Aver 24 0702 4
eep__| 24 | 0427 iti] see [26 | osu v2
sep 2s | 1722 till sep | 26 | 065) v2
ser 26 | 10s til see | a7 [oes V2
sep | 28 | 0709 wt if ecr [22] o8to | |i
oct | 23 | 0367 1-2|) oct 24 | ofl 12.
oct 24 1706 Mt Oct 2s OS22 2
ocr 2s 1753 oo oct 26 0601 b2.)
oct [ar [06a Vaca Tac] anes [os
‘Lowest Ties Ae] 27] 2829 bes

51



Briefs
Cooperation With Chad
Headmasters Arrested for Fraud
Sugar Price Doubles
UNEP Praises Improvement Program

SENEGAL

Scientific, Technical Policy Outlined
(Saliou Fatma Lo; LE SOLEIL, 8 May 84) ....scseseseeuees

Increased PRC Assistance Reported
(Mbaye Dame Ndiaye; LE SOLEIL, 15 May 84) ......seeeeeee

SOUTH AFRICA

Political Leaders Assess Indian Council Performance
(POST NATAL, 16-19 May 84) ..seesececceeccesceecreeeeres

Solidarity Chairman, by Pat Poovaligam

Natal Indian Congress President, by George Sewpersad
Democratic Party National Chairman, by Ismail Patel
National People's Party Chairman, by Amichand Rajbansi

Indian Election Activity Reported
(POST NATAL, 9-12, 16-19 May 84) ..cscccsccececeesccenes

Transvaal Indian Congress
National People's Party

Botha, Reagan Accused of Plotting Against Africa
(Editorial; THE AFRICAN COMMUNIST, No 97, 2nd Quarter 1984)

Transvaal Provincial Council Critical of Government
(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 16 May 84) .......... wees

Conservation Committee Reports Serious Environmental Damage
(THE CITIZEN, 23 May 84) ....... eee eee eee eee eee

Bank Official Favors Slow Economic Recovery
(THE CITIZEN, 23 May 84) ..cccccccccceccccccccecennee eee

Soweto Electrification Project Nears Completion
(THE CITIZEN, 24 May 84) ..ceccccccccccccccceeeetees sees

Favorable Trade Balance Reported
(THE CITIZEN, 26 May 84) ...cccseeeceeeeeeece see eeeeeeee

Availability of Simonstown Base Announced
(THE CITIZEN, 22 May 84) ....ceeceeeeeeeeeee tee ee eceees

SA Men Charged for Illegal Arms Procurement Return
(Rene Richards, Fred de Lange; THE CITIZEN, 24 May 84) .

-d-

71

75

77

80

82

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95

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99


NIGERIA

SURPLUS RICE IN 1987 PREDICTED
Enugu DAILY STAR in English 22 May 84 p 4

[Text] Rice, Nigeria's major staple food will be in abundant’in the year
1987, the Minister of Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Development,
Dr Bukar Shaib has assured,

Dr Shaib said he is confident that before the year 1987, ‘Nigeria will phase
out the importation of rice,

The 19 states of the federation and given the Federal Military emphasis and
the priority now accorded agriculture by all the state governments, rice and
other food stuffs will be abundant in the country before 1987. [as published]

The Federal Military Government, he said, has also examined the problem of
the Nigerian Agricultural and Cooperative Bank (NACB) and has decided to

advance the outstanding loans of N84.4 million, representing about 75% of
the banks unpaid loans which the state governments were not in position to

pay back.

He however stated that this amount will be deducted from the Statutory Alloca-
tions of the states concerned when their finacial situation improves.

Dr Shaib urged the bank to endeavour to reach the poor. peasant farmers who
produce more than 95% of the nations food and agricultural raw materials.

He implored them to adopt the programme of on=lending to cooperative societies
by state governments who guaranteed the loans.

Also in Kaduna, the chairman of the NACB board of directors, Group Captain

Usman Jibrin (RID) described agriculture as one of the priority areas of
the bank has a vital role to play in financing the agricultural ‘industry.

He stated that Nigerian Agricultural and Co-operative Bank, ‘Limited was
established in 1973 as an apex agricultural finance institution to provide
credit support for agricultural development.

cso: 3400/1005

68



farther out, building themselves makeshift shelters of branches
and straw and whatever else they can scavenge. -One man, old

far before his time, told us that he has been camping here for

3 months, having left his wife and children behind in the home
village. He plans to go home with the food ration, if he can

find a donkey to hire. Another, from Sakota (90 kilometers to the
West) has been here with his entire family for 3 months. To ex-
plain why, he points to his ailing sister and his aunt, both of
them wrapped in blankets. How can you kick these people out?

You can't, but their presence is rendered tolerable by very tight
organization: 500 guards and police patrol the plain all day long,
carrying their billies, for discipline, or their shovels, for
cleanliness. And indeed the camp is clean, despite the mass of
humanity that swarms over it. There are 20 people assigned full
time to picking up the bodies of the dead. They had counted 891
deaths as of April, or a little less than 10 percent of the camp's
permanent population.

In Desai, the capital of Wollo, Comrade Shimeles Alemu, governor

of the province, is not sure whether he ought to be bragging or
complaining: "This year's drought was worse than the one in 1983,"
he says. "But this time the government took steps to provide
relief for the population..immediately." Ethiopia's provisional
socialist military government has also begun transplanting some
tribes from the North to the South. About 45,000 peasants from
desertified, overpopulated Wollo have already been resettled in

the Southwestern part of the country, which is greener and far

less densely populated. That works for the government three ways:
it removes easily swayed peasants from reach of the Tigre and
Eritrean "bandits; it eases the pressure from the starving; and
lastly, it makes it possible to resettle experienced farmers in

new collectives, which are the harbingers of the socialist future...
This, however, is no easy task. Sometimes strong pressure has

to be brought to bear to attract "volunteers" for resettlement,
including witholding of rations. "Peasants volunteer not for exile,
but for rations," says an Irish priest with the Christian Relief
and Development Association. And the operation is not cheap: it
costs an estimated $5,000 to resettle one person.

Today, the rains have returned. All over Wollo, the farmers who
stayed on their lands are plowing and planting feverishly. If
the weather permits, they will be able to feed themselves and even

to set aside some reserves; if not, things will be a whole lot
worse next year.

6182
CSO: 3419/685

23



Addressing the staff and students of Gumel Advanced Teachers' College, the
governor said that he would close down any institution in-which students en-
gaged in acts of hooliganism.

Governor Abdullahi said that the country's present situation called for
sober reflection by all Nigerians and urged the students to rededicate
themselves to rebuilding the nation.

Earlier, the principal of the college, Malam Adamu Iliyasu, called for the
upgrading of the institution to a degree-awarding one.

He said that the present students enrollment was 906 for the remedial and the
Nigerian Certificate of Education courses.

The senate of the University of Port Harcourt has directed all students of the
institution who did not want to attend lectures to vacate the campus.

The acting registrar of the university, Mr Emman Acheru, said in a circular
to members of staff and students that the decision was reached at the end of

the senate's extraordinary meeting to review the situation in which students
had boycotted classes for four days.

He advised students whowished to continue with their lectures to register in
their respective departments.

cso: 3400/1001

66



benefit other Africans. We are not white or Asians who spiritually or other-
wise do not have sympathy with Africans."

But Mr Gamaliel Onosode, Chairman of the Federal Government Projects Review
Committee and Chairman of Cadbury (Nigeria) Limited, said that there are seri-
ous implications of the reduction in expatriates home remittance from 50 per-
cent to 25 percent.

Mr Onosode said:. "If you are raising. the non-Nigerian participation in large
firm projects to 80 percent and at the same time saying they cannot remit home
more than 25 percent of their pay, it does not become attractive anymore. It
is like giving them something with the right hand and taking it with the left.

On the abolition of the compulsory advance deposit, Mr Onosode said it would
only bring greater pressure on manufacturers to keep under-employed and redun-
dant workers on the payroll.

He said that nothing in the budget suggested that raw materials would be more
readily available, rather, he said, the streamlining of industries implied
"that some industries would be allowed to die peacefully."

He said that the boost to the agricultural sector should absorb a lot of
unemployed labour in the long run, there was very little that could be done
to stem the unemployment rate.

According to Mr Onosode inspite of the measures in the budget, industries
would continue to operate below capacity.

CSO: 3400/1001

59



CHAD

NEW PEACE PACT SIGNED AT LAI
N'Djamena INFO TCHAD in French 15 May 84 pp 5,6

[Text] The peace-seeking mission to the South of the country un-
dertaken by Public Health Minister Djimasta Koibla has led to fur-
ther progress toward national reconciliation. There was a general
working meeting that ran from 1 to 9 May, attended by the govern-
mental delegation under Mr Djimasta Koibla, the commandants of
military zones 1, 2, and 3, and the leaders of the Green Comman-
dos ( Eastern Logone and Tandjile) and the Cocotier Commandos
(Mayo-Kebbi). The meeting ended with approval of several resolu-
tions and recommendations.

The conference decided to regroup the commandos in the capitals
of the military zones and sub-zones. Along with this regrouping,
the process of integrating Chadian units (FANT) with groups of..com-
mandos is to be completed as soon as possible. The FANT groups
will take charge pending arrival of the quartermaster groups in
charge of food rations and uniforms. A military police brigade
attached to the commandos will maintain order in the zones affec-
ted. To this end, members of all forces are forbidden to carry
weapons except. while on. duty. The document signed at Lai also
stipulates that commandos shall be given authority to manage the
military zones and sub-zones and assigned to technical units and
services. The war victims have not been forgotten. The govern-
ment will provide for their needs.

Officers of the Green and Coconut commandos have expressed a de-
sire to facilitate contact between the government and the Hope
commandos (Eastern Logone) and the Red commandos at Moissala and
Danamadji. All present at this meeting signed an urgent appeal
to these groups to make their positions known. The signatories
were extremely concerned over the lack of security which still
prevails in some zones, and called urgently for the imposition
of martial law to hasten national reconciliation.

At the conclusion of this important encounter, Mr Djimasta
Koibla stressed the crucial nature of the document they had just
signed in the name of the government and the zone commanders. He
called on all parties to work for its adoption so as to bring all
Chad's sons home again.

6182
CSO: 3419/680 16



Sofala, A source from the sector emphasized that.all of the goods produced
are distributed to COGROPA, consumer cooperatives, social centers in

various state enterprises, private centers and other provincial-level
institutions of the country. These production figures for last year were
announced recently to 163 workers and guests at the ceremonies marking the
4th anniversary of the integration of these five companies in the
Administrative Unit of the Plastics Sector, held in this city. For this year
the Administrative Unit of the Plastics Sector has forecast, according to its
plan, the production of 180 tons of plastic bags and thousands of household
items, including bowls, cups, plates, tea cups and other household utensils.
The plan also envisages the manufacture of 540 cubic meters of isothermic
sheet metal as well as 200’ square meters of sheets of moulding. Brief
consideration was given to the difficulties the plastics sector is facing,
particularly in regard to its machinery, which is 20 years old. This
equipment cannot be replaced because it is no longer being produced. On this
matter the SOPLAS official emphasized that "all the machines have already given
what they had to give." Despite this situation, the same official stressed
that efforts have been made by the most "curious" workers, who occasionally
manage to repair one of the machines when they break down or need parts.

[By Estacio Baptista] . [Excerpt] _ [Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in

Portuguese 26 Apr 84 p.3] 12351

INCREASED DPRK AGRICULTURAL AID--The DPRK ambassador extraordinary and pleni-
potentiary accredited to Maputo said yesterday that cooperation between
Mozambique and his country is at an advanced stage of development. Speaking
to the newspaper NOTICIAS, Kang Su-myong stressed that cooperation between
Mozambique and Korea has been widening in the areas of agriculture and health,
based on our country's needs. He disclosed that experts from his country are
working in Cabo Delgado Province at the N'guri 4,000-hectare irrigation proj-
ect which produces rice, corn, wheat and vegetables. In Zambezia Province
Korean experts are working on a project for the production of grain in a 4,000-
hectare area. They are also involved in a joint agricultural, salt industry,
and [words indistinct] programs with our country’ in Gaza, Maputo, Sofala,

and Manica provinces. [Text] [MB080812 Maputo Domestic Service in Portu-
guese 1030 GMT 7 Jun 84]

cso: 3442/395

33



1628 hours (i.e. 4.28 p.m.) on April 14, 1984,

1712 hours (i.e. 5.12 p.m.) on 15th April, 1984.

1751 hours (i.e. 5.51 p.m.)on 16th April, 1984 and 1828 hours (i.e. 6.28 p.m.)
on 17th April, 1984. The heights of tides on the dates are given as 1.1
metres (3.6 feet).

Realising that in places in the Bight of Benin, of which Victoria Island is a
part, that the elevation of the ground is scarcely 1.2 metres (4 feet)--the
oceanographers should have seen the "frick" floods coming. They would easily
have seen the "frick" storms coming by using simple instruments such as
anemometer (for measuring the speed of wind and indicating the direction from
which it is blowing) and a barometer (for measuring atmospheric pressure).
With the two instruments, they would have known the characteristics of the
rise or fall of: the weather.

The atmospheric pressure at any time of everyday life affects us considerably.
Because of this, in some countries such as Britain and the United States of
America, short-range forecasts, which are those ranging from a few hours to
about a few days, are provided as a public service. There, too, medium-range
forecasts which are general outlooks for period covering a week or a month are
also provided as a public service.

There are also long-range forecasts. Are the oceanographers saying that they
did not know about the tidal predictions or that they did not have details of
the atmospheric phenomena between April 14 and 17 1984?

Let me now tell the Oceanographers what the navy predicts, (a) The same high
tides of 1.1 metres (3.6 feet) are forecast for August, 1984 as follows:--

0621 hours on 28th August, 1984 and 0702 hours on 29th August, 1984.

(b) The highest tides for this year at Lagos Bar (same as Bar Beach) are pre-
dicted to be 1.2 metres (4 feet) and will occur as follows:

0511 hours on 25th September, 1984.
0551 hours on 26th September, 1984, and 0631 hours on 27th September 1984,

Taking the above predictions into consideration and realising that, at Lagos,
gales of about 75 km. per hour occur from April to June and gusts of 60 km per
hour or more are frequent from July up to the end of October, what type of
echoes do the oceanographers hope to hear?

There is no need to tell anyone that in the rainy season the seas are usually
rough and the heights of waves could be 7.3 metres (24 feet), although these
dangerous ones are rare. Can they not go the whole hog and set up a system
of advising the residents of Victoria Island and Maroko about the probable
combined effects of predicted tides and barometric tendencies? That will pre-
vent someone from returning home from work and finding most of his belongings

53



backed by a sensible policy for storing and marketing food crops
as part of a cooperatively organized system. If the govern-
ment is to achieve its goal in agriculture, which is to meet the
nation's food requirements while improving the living standards
of those who produce them, Mr Ngardoum stated that this will
call for good collaboration among the authorities -- traditional,
administrative, political, and military -- and the people re-
sponsible for leadership training and agricultural extension.

The agriculture minister congratulated the non-governmental
agencies like Africare, Swissaid, Secadev, and AICF which have
undertaken practical and carefully placed action in the Zone,
despite the enormous difficulties they encountered. Addressing
the international organizations, Mr Ngardoum said he hoped they
would support the government's efforts to expand and upgrade
irrigation farming. In conclusion, he called.on conference par-
ticipants to-bring their powers of discernment and their sense of
responsibility into play to achieve the desired results.

6182
cso: 3419/680

19



achievement of our objectives — the liberation of the oppressed peoples of
South Africa, the independence of Namibia, the ending of South African
aggression against the frontline states — we must join hands with the people
of Angola, Grenada, Nicaragua, Lebanon and other countries fighting
against the same enemy. We must become true internationalists, proletarian
internationalists, and understand that the fight for national liberation and
the fight for international liberation are one and the same fight. In this fight
we have many allies and know we can rely on the support and strength of the
Soviet Union and other socialist countries. National and class struggle are
products of the same system, capitalism, and will be ended when that system
is replaced world-wide.

CSO: 3400/1050

86



Whereas virtually all black incomes in the Police Zone fell below the poverty
line in 1939, this was true of only 35% males and 66% of females by 1981.

Poverty among Coloured people fell "quite dramatically," and was relatively

low in urban areas by 1981.
Among whites it is now practically non-existent.

On the basis of some rather strong assumptions, he suggested 19% of people in
the country as a whole were "very poor" and 66% "poor" in 1981.

These figures may actually have risen since then.

Mr Von Kleist's paper on ‘Aspects of Poverty and Education in Namibia’ also
outlined some of the systematic and personal causes of poverty.

Discussing the role of education in improving productivity as a means to
eliminate poverty, he suggested emphasis on productive skills (literacy, numer-
acy, work ethic, responsibility and judgment) and an initial target of Std 2
for rural schools so as to enable farmers to participate successfully in

rural development schemes.

Std 6 would be the initial target in urban centres, to which gifted rural
children could be sent until all schools were upgraded to at least that level.

Contemporary Poverty

A paper by Dr Simon of Leeds University concentrated exclusively on contem-
porary poverty in Windhoek.

Poverty was not, he said, only a question of income, but structural condition
defined as unequal access to the bases for accumulating social power (i.e.
productive assets, financial resources, social and political organisations,
appropriate knowledge, information and skills, etc.).

This was illustrated with respect to overlapping problems of poor wages and
employment conditions, housing, education, and health.

Despite the abolition of legislative apartheid since 1977, the socio-economic
structure remained largely unaltered, and racial and sexual discrimination in
employment was still widespread.

A small but growing Coloured and black middle-class had certainly enjoyed
upward mobility, but working class wages had in some cases actually declined
in real terms over recent years.

Forty-three percent black and 19% of Coloured employees in a sample firms in
1981 earned less than the Household Subsistence Level (HSL).

The figures did not drop significantly when transport and housing contribu-
tions were taken into account.

40



cso:

3400/1026

Mr Rajbansi said that by participating in the new
system Indians were not alienating themselves
from blacks. He referred to the on-going dialogue
the NPP had maintained with the Chief Minister of
KwaZulu, Chief Gatsha Buthelezi.

000

THE so-called reform presented by the new consti-
tution was a backward step, according to veteran
sports administrator Manicum Nadarajan “MN”
Pather.

During his address at the annual dinner of Auro-
ra Cricket Club in Pietermaritzburg on Saturday
night, Mr Pather said that for years South Africa
had been a democracy for whites and dictatorship
for blacks.

“When the tricameral parliament takes power, it
will still be in the hands of whites, with Indians and
coloureds having to toe the line.”

Mr Pather said many-hurtful laws were still on
the statute books and separate institutions still ex-
isted for the various race groups. The new parlia-
ment was an entrenchment of the racial separa-
tion, decreed by law, only this time it would re-
ceive the support of the coloured representatives
and Indian delegates.

oo00

A CALL for a boycott of the tricameral parliament
was made this month in a bulletin issued by the
African People’s Democratic Union of South Afri-

ca. .

The bulletin said when elections for the SAIC
took place in 1981, “sellouts” crawled into the open,
each claiming to be the spokesman of the people
and urging the people to vote. The “Don’t Vote”
campaign resulted in 90 percent of the peaple ab-
staining from voting.

APDUSA called for a successful boycott of the
elections so that people all over South Africa and
the world were given clear proof that the candi-
dates did not represent the people.

000

THE National People’s Party is now concentrating
its activities on mobilising the youth, according to
its national chairman Amichand Rajbansi.

Mr Rajbansi said: “We have held a series of dis-
cussions with groups of youths among whom are
many university students who are interested in the
constitutional developments. We even had a meet-
ing in Merebank on Saturday night,” he said.

Mr Rajbansi said the NPP was satisfied that
they were well ahead of Solidarity.

81



NIGERIA

SOME ALIENS ELECT TO STAY DESPITE CUT IN BENEFITS

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 15 May 84 p 1

[Text] The slashing of the expatriate remittance from 50 percent to 25 percent
which the Head of State, Major-General Muhammadu Buhari announced recently in
the 1984 budget may force those expatriate who are not genuinely interested in
the development of the country to leave.

Until recently, it was estimated by experts that Nigeria was spending about
N495 million dollars annually for the expatriate remittances.

In Lagos, a Nigerian businessman and president of the Nigerian-American Chamber
of Commerce, Chief Dotun Okubanjo has said that there is likely to be a "mild
exodus or disenchantment with Nigeria by some expatriates, because they will
always compare their take-home pay with other countries."

Before the budget, there has been a general call on the FMG to cause the
number of expatriate quota in Nigerian industries and government to be reduced.

The argument was that many Nigerians are as qualified and competent as the
expatriates recruited abroad, and that their employment here prevent our gra-
duates from getting employment.

Our correspondents who spoke to some expatriates after the budget announce-
ment said some of them were not happy, but nevertheless are helpless.

Another group of people who feel affected by the new cut include expatriate
wives of Nigerians who because they have not yet qualified for Nigerian citi-
zenship, are still treated as expatriates and what they used to send abroad
for comfortable holidays are also considerably slashed.

However, some Ghanaians who have resident permits and are employed as ex-
patriates say they are not prepared to go in spite of the cut.

Worst Situation
One interjected: "Nigeria is passing through a hard period. We in Ghana

experience worst situation. We should stay and contribute our quota in bring-
ing the nation back to good health. If Nigeria suceeds, its success will

58



SOUTH AFRICA

BOTHA, REAGAN ACCUSED OF PLOTTING AGAINST AFRICA

London THE AFRICAN COMMUNIST in English No 97, 2nd quarter 1984 pp 5-10

[Editorial:

[Text]

"Botha and Reagan Plot Against Africa"]

The violence and destabilisation which are escalating throughout Southern
Africa flow directly from the Botha regime’s policy of depriving the majority
of the peoples of South Africa and Namibia of their right to national
independence and democracy. The new constitution passed by South
Africa’s all-white Parliament last year and endorsed by the all-white
referendum of November 2, 1983, totally excludes the African majority from
participation in any of the legislative or executive bodies of the country.
Botha has presented this new constitution to the world as a “reform”, but
because it in essence denies equality of rights and opportunities not only to
Africans but also to the Coloureds and Indians who are offered only second-
grade status in their segregated parliaments, it can do nothing to eliminate
race and class conflict and bring péace to our strife-torn country. On
the contrary. The new constitution is merely an extension of the policy of
‘divide and rule’ by which the racists have succeeded in maintaining their
domination for over three centuries. The deprivation and oppression of the
black majority (Africans, Coloureds and Indians) continues, and will
continue to evoke opposition and resistance from all sections of the
population, including democratic whites, until final liberation is achieved.
Likewise on Namibia South Africa continues with its policy of diktat. Its
occupation of Namibia has been declared illegal by the International Court
of Justice, yet it refuses to implement the resolutions of the United Nations
with whom it has been in contention ever since the end of World War 2.
South Africa justifies its stance by claiming that it is being subjected to a
“total onslaught” by the forces of international Communism. But it is not
Russians and Cubans who are attacking the bastions of racism and
imperialism in Southern Africa but the oppressed peoples of the area them-
selves, under the leadership of the ANC and SWAPO. No Russians or
Cubans have been brought before any South African court charged with
‘treason’, ‘terrorism’, ‘sabotage’ or ‘subversion’ — only South Africans —
Africans, Indians, Coloureds and Whites — fighting for freedom in the land
of their birth. This is not to deny the support that the socialist countries and
many others have given to the liberation movement, or the crucial part they
play in the world-wide struggle against imperialism. But for Botha to suggest
that South Africa is threatened with invasion by foreign forces is rubbish. No

82



ZIMBABWE

MINISTER OF STATE FOR POLITICAL AFFAIRS ON YOUTH MINISTRY
Harare THE HERALD in English 24 May 84 p 10

[Text] TO mark the first national conference of the youth wing of the ruling
party, the Minister of State (Political Affairs and Provincial Development
Co-ordination) who is also national organising secretary of Zanu (PF),

Cde Maurice Nyagumbo, gave the following interview to the Zimpapers Feature
Service.

Question: On the eve of the first national conference of the youth wing of
the ruling party, could you tell us of its significance and bearing on the
second national congress of Zanu (PF)?

Nyagumbo: The future of any country depends on how its young generation has
been brought up. We note with pride that our youth has a revolutionary tradi-
tion which has its roots in the revolutionary armed struggle. They are sen-
sitive to oppression and they therefore played a decisive role in the anti-
colonialist and anti-imperialist struggle as the fighting arm of the oppressed
people of Zimbabwe.

"The coming youth conference is the first one of its kind where the youth of
this country meet as a coherent body to reflect upon the present stage of the
revolution and to identify means and ways of carrying forward the revolution-
ary banner in the construction of socialism in Zimbabwe.

"The youth have never been nationally organised in this country. They have been
fragmented along the lines of Girl Guides, student associations, religious
sects, tribal, regional, cultural, etc.

"All these never had a programme in terms of the social, economic, political
and cultural liberation of the youths themselves and the rest of society.

"The significance of this national youth conference is that it is a nation-
wide realisation of the contribution the youth can make in our society. They
meet together for the first time to work out a programme which they are going
to present to the second national congress of the party.

Question: As the organising secretary of the ruling party and one of the
veterans of the struggle for independence in this country, what special counsel

117



ZIMBABWE

ZINATHA ON WITCH HUNT WARPATH
Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 20 May 84 p 4

[Text] The Zimbabwe National Traditional Healers' Association, Zinatha, is
to hold a meeting on June 2 in Ndanga communal lands to discuss reports of
widespread witchhunts in the area.

Dr Gordon Chavunduka, president of the association, said last week that local
officials in the area had been asked to submit a report on witchhunting, a
practice forbidden by the Zinatha constitution.

Emphasis at the meeting will be on the proper role of Zinatha, discouraging
witchhunting and the need for discipline among n'angas, Cde Chavunduka said.

However, apart from cautioning and suspending members whose practices are
unconstitutional, Zinatha can only inform the police about n'angas who
practise witchhunting.

Under the Witchcraft Suppression Act it is an offence to call a person a
witch or wizard but police in Zaka said it was extremely difficult to gather
enough evidence to prove the commission of the offence in rural areas.

As a result, many witchhunting n'angas have got away from it, among them,
Christopher Masamba.

“We are very disappointed with this loophole in the law," Cde Chavunduka
said, adding that people unknowingly blamed Zinatha for it.

However, if the intended Medical Council of Traditional Healers was formed
by the Ministry of Health it would have the power not only to fine undisci-
plined members but also recommend arrest to the police.

Cde Chavunduka also disclosed last week that a small survey he conducted
recently showed an overwhelming 92 percent of n'angas were against integra-
tion into the modern medical system.

On whether Zinatha still intended to purchase a farm to grow medical herbs
for its members, the president said the project had been temporarily suspended
for financial reasons.

CSO: 3400/1024 120



MOZAMBIQUE

CAHORA BASSA' s POTENTIAL HAILED
Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 25 May 84 p 12

[Text] Cahora Bassa~-It began as southern Africa's "project of the century,"
a technological."miracle" and a "monument to regional cooperation."

But soon after the R435-million Cahora Bassa power scheme was completed in
1975 President Samora Machel lamented, "we must tame this white elephant."

After nearly a decade plagued by sabotage, the sixth largest dam in the world
may have been "tamed" finally by the Nkomati Accord.

It stands in northern Mozambique, its equipment in perfect condition but its
turbines producing only 0.5 percent of the 2,075 megawatts of power they are
capable of.

Sabotage

Two thousand megawatts would be scorching down 1,400 km of transmission lines
to the Transvaal if it were not for the destruction wrought on the pylons by
members of the Mozambique National Resistance GaNR) whom Maputo says werd
trained in South Africa. '

For three years after the project reached its full generating capacity in
1978 there were one or two sabotage incidents a year,

Nkomati

But by October 1983 pylons were being blown up so regularly and the security
situation in rural Mozambique was so bad that repdirs became impossible.

Mozambique says that at Nkomati, Pretoria agreed to stop supporting the MNR
but officials in Maputo estimate that it could take two years to "mop up"
the remaining 8,000 or so "bandidos armadas" in the bush.

Ironically, because the lightly equipped and thinly stretched Mozambican forces

cannot guarantee the security of the lines, South African helicopters and crews
are expected in Tete. before the end of the month to help with patrols.

27



We wish for all people in South Africa a peaceful change, integration
through reconciliation and mutual respect. Gatsha Buthelezi insures this
road.

It is not a short or comfortable road. It will be made easier by fidelity
to principles and persistence. This is also the view of many black
politicians. Whoever deals only with extremists guarantees a new Lebanon.

Conciliation and peace in Africa, is needed in Uganda, between Ethiopia
and Somalia, for the solution of the Western Sahara question ard in many
other countries where violence rules, and where minorities often rule over
majorities.

It is not armed struggle but the desire for reconciliation that has led
the Europeans to insure human rights, Let us carry this realization into
a continent which is just as terribly divided as Europe was at one time.

8790
CSO: 3420/28



NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

ROBBEN PRISONERS IN WINDHOEK--Fifteen Namibian prisoners who had been serving
sentences on South Africa's Robben Island were yesterday transferred to Wind-
hoek Prison, a spokesman for the office of the Administrator General, Dr Willie
van Niekerk, confirmed today. He could not say when they would be released but
diplomatic sources expect the prisoners may be released today or tomorrow, on
the eve of the Lusaka conference. The Multiparty Conference as well as other
bodies, have called for the release of Namibian prisoners and detainees. The
release of Namibia's most celebrated political prisoner, Mr Andimba Toivo ya
Toivo, followed one of the calls by the MPC. But Mr ya Toivo himself said he
was released agdinst his wishes as he believed all his fellow prisoners should
be released with him, Thé authorities have also said 54 of the internees or
unofficial prisoners of war held at Mariental are to be released. SAPA reports
the latest transfer of Namibian business brings to 21 the number still serving
sentences in SA prisons for crimes against the security of the State. In
March, the SA Minister of Justice, replying to a question in Parliament from
Mrs Helen Suzman of the Progressive Federal Party, said 36 prisoners were
still in SA, [Text] [Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 10 May 84

p 3]

HNP: BAN SWAPO NOW--The leader of the Herstigte Nasionale Party in Namibia,

Mr Sarel Becker, said today it was time SWAPO was banned because of its
“organized terrorism." Commenting on Wednesday night's bomb blast in Windhoek's
City Centre, Mr Becker said: "It was a miracle the bomb explosion caused only
material damage and did not claim any lives. The explosion is without doubt
the work of SWAPO terrorists. In other words, the bomb was planted by the
hand that has been grasped by the Multiparty Conference and the Administrator
General in their search for 'peace' which cannot bring peace." The explosion
had come, Mr Becker said, shortly after the freeing of political prisoners.
"The time has arrived for SWAPO to be declared an illegal organisation,"

Mr Becker stressed. [Text] [Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English

18 May 84 p 1]

CHURCH DENOUNCES SWAPO'S 'VIOLENCE'-~Pastor Hendrik Frederick, the head of the
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia, says the church denounces any form of
violence. According to a SWABC report, the pastor was reacting to last
Wednesday's bomb blast in which two South Africans escaped with minor injuries.
He had attended the Lusaka peace talks between SWAPO and the Multiparty Confer-
ence, under the auspices of SWAPO. The report said he denied membership of
SWAPO, adding he did not associate himself with SWAPO's acts of terrorism.

42



All FRG governments have made it known that they do not recognize a claim
to an exclusive right to exercise political power in Namibia. This is the
prerequisite of justice and democracy, and democratic mediators have to insure

it.

Africans generally consider liberation from the scourge of hunger and war a
human right. Theory and protest will not suffice here. Human solidarity
with our African neighbors should be aimed at survival through nourishment
and lack of violence.

I have no understanding at all for direct or indirect support of murder in
behalf of politital ideas. Whoever justifies it shares responsibility for
disposing over the lives of others for the purpose of political demnstration.

In the German-Soviet treaty we forego the use or threat of use of force.

to achieve political objectives, We do so in view of a divided fatherland.
Forgoing the use of force is a principle which does not allow any selective
application.

In Namibia any claim of being the sole representative is’ of no use. Only
the reconciliation of all who want to participate-in the political process
guarantees the state, peace and human rights, One cannot establish a state
without any consensus in the basic questions.

The example of Angola illustrates what things lead to because a national
consensus has not been reached as yet. It is necessary to reach an accord
about such a basis between the MPLA and UNITA.

There will be no state of Namibia if it contains two parties which cannot
get together about the basic principles of their joint action.

Let me say a word about the so-called front states. In most of these
countries, the fronts develop to the same extent externally as internally.

In many instances the solution of national conflicts does not become possible,
however, until these states also live in peace internally. Whoever wants

to contribute to the peace mst further this process. Whoever takes sides
and encourages one to fight the other prevents peace which can be achieved
only through reconciliation, compromise and consensus, This means that
peace cannot be achieved by political dialogue unless in Angola the MPLA

and UNITA achieve agreement, unless in Zimbabwe the government and opposition
resolve to treat each other with respect, unless in Mozambique the

groups quarreling with one another muster tolerance and get ready to
cooperate, unless in the Republic of South Africa racial legislation is
abolished and everyone participates in the laborious process of jointly

shaping public affairs.

Human rights are indivisible. This is true for all, including the Republic
of South Africa. The dignity of all men as beings in the image of God
calls for this exhortation every day anew.



The whole struggle has been to get rid of the South African.occupation. To
say there must be a time of normalization...what for? There has been a war

and there must be an election.

We must decide as soon as possible who's going to run the country.

South African Occupation

What are we going to do during the interim period... those two years? Are we
still going to have a South African occupation? We know what South African

occupation is like.

You have to go to the people and have them decide. This problem of now
separating a cessation of hostilities from the implementation of Resolution
435, I think is quite ridiculous.

BH: Do you think South Africa is now serious about getting out of Namibia.

Alternatives to Res 435

AL: Yes, Ido. Maybe I'm completely wrong, but this time I get the impres-
sion that they're serious.

They are trying to find alternatives to Resolution 435, but that they want
to give Namibia independence, I've no doubt. They want to get out fast, but
they don't know how.

South Africa is under pressure, firstly from Angola with the disengagement of
South African troops, not of SWAPO troops.

Angola

Angola has agreed with South Africa and America that they will see that no
guerrillas will come into this country after the withdrawal of South African

troops.

Now I believe that Angola does not want to get into any kind of clashes with
SWAPO which will obviously result from the disengagement if the South
African troops are out of Angola.

Now Angola wants an answer as to what's going to happen after that, to prevent
a clash with SWAPO at the border.

So they would want to know what's going to happen...Angola and America want
an answer from South Africa about what's going to happen after those three
months.

Better Proposals

BH: You don't think that after six years, Resolution 435 can be considered
'dated' and that it's possible to put on the table better proposals...?

36



THIRST DEATH THREAT--UNLESS the Black population's growth rate could be
drastically curbed all South Africa's people would die of thirst, the Minis-
ter of Environment Affairs and Fisheries, Mr Sarel Hayward, said. He issued
this warning during the debate on his budget vote and said that there was

only water for 65 million people in the country. "According to the statistics
that is just around the corner," Mr Hayward said. "If we do not achieve a
reduction in the population growth of Blacks in this country, we are heading
for catastrophe, not in terms of food but of water. "The statistics show that
we must drastically cut the population growth whether it is in the Black man's
nature to do so or not, otherwise we are all going to die of thirst." The
Government could no longer afford to compensate farmers for losses suffered
by cultivated land below the flood line, Mr Hayward also said. Losses on such
land had been massive when calculated over the years. "We simply cannot
afford it anymore because there is great risk built-in to cultivating land
below the flood line," he said, "A final decision in this regard will have

to be taken soon." [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 May 84 p 4]

NGK UNITY-~CAPE TOWN.--Because of tensions and ideological differences within
churches of the NG Kerk, the federal council of NGK members had decided to
seek structural unity, linking all in a single body, says an editorial in Die
Kerkbode, official organ of the NGK. The editor of Die Kerkbode, the Rev
Tappies Moller, who is Cape Moderator of the NGK and assessor of the church's
National Moderamen, said dedication was necessary to improve attitudes and
relationships within these churches. Mr Moller referred to tensions within
each of the four principal members of the NGK family--the White NCK, Sending-
kerk, Reformed Church and NGK in Afrika, The Reformed Church was divided into
two camps--the Sendingkerk reflected sharp divisions and had yet to clarify its
attitude to the NGK and tensions in the NGK in Africa were caused by the ac-
tivities of para-religious organisations. Various factions were trying to
justify their stands in scriptural terms. In these circumstances, the federal
council was [end of article] [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English

23 May 84 p 11]

WHITE CADETS--A TOTAL of 169 978 White cadets were attached to 653 units
throughout South Africa at December 31, 1983, the Minister of Defence, General
Magnus Malan, said. In a written reply to a question from Mr Philip Myburgh
(PFP, Wynberg) he said there were no Coloured or Indian cadet ‘detachments in
the Republic. A total of 2 390 teachers were attached to the White cadet
squads as officers. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 25 May 84

p 4]

csO: 3400/1026

116



CAMEROON

BRIEFS

JAIL, DEATH SENTENCES-~One hundred and thirty-one members of Cameroun's Repub-
lican Guard have been sentenced to various prison terms in Yaounde for their
role in last month's coup attempt against President Paul Biya. A total of 181
soldiers appeared before the Yaounde Military Tribunal in the third trial
since the April 6 rebellion was crushed by loyalist troops. One man was sen-
tenced to 20 years in jail and another 130 to terms ranging from five years
to 10 years at the end of the four-day trial which took place behind closed
doors, reliable sources said. The other 50 were acquitted. As in the two
previous trials, the identities of the accused were not disclosed. A total of
1,053 people were detained by security forces in the days that followed the
coup attempt. The sources said that 35 persons were executed following the
first trial two weeks ago in Mbalmayo, about 60 kilometres southwest of
Yaounde. [Text] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 16 May 84 p 24] A military
court in Yaounde yesterday sentenced 46 people to death on charges arising
from the bloody and unsuccessful attempt to overthrow President Paul Biya at
the beginning of last month radio Cameroun has announced. Three of those
given the death sentence were tried in their absence. The radio said that

two others were given life sentences and 183 more given terms of between two
and 20 years in prison. [Text] . [Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 18 May 84 p 24]

cso: 3400/1005

15



NEW GOVERNMENT APPOINTMENTS ANNOUNCED

Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 3 May 84 p 4

[Text]

GABORONE, MAY 2: A number
of senior appointments and
transfers have been announced
by the Director of Personnel, Mr
T.D. Mogaini. These came into
effect from yesterday.

Mr Cuthbert Lekaukau, whois
presently Deputy Permanent
Secretary in the Ministry of
Agriculture, becomes Permanent
Secretary in the Ministry of Works
and Communications.

Mr Lekaukau will replace Mr
N.T.K. Mmono who is retiring
from the public service after over
30 years of service.

He holds an’ LL.B frort the
University of Botswana, Lesotho
and Swaziland in conjuction with
the University of Edinburgh. he
also holds a Master of Laws
degree from the University of
Columbia.

Between 1980 and 1983, he
was the Deputy Permanent
Secretary in the Ministry of
Mineral Resources and Water
Affairs, and from 1983 to the
present, as Deputy’ Permanent
Secretary in the Ministry of
Agriculture. .
} MrLekaukau is being replaced

csO: 3400/1023

"by Mr Meshack Mokone, who is
-presently Chief Agricultural
Economist in the Miriistty of
Agriculture.

Mr T. Taukobong replaces Mr
B. Tlale as Director of
Agricultural Field Services
Department, in ihe Ministry of
Agriculture. Mr Tlale is retiring
from the public service.

The Principal Planning Officer
in the Ministry of Finance and
Development Planning, Mr
mang Maphanyane, is promoted
to the post of Chief Economist,
and will replace Mr Mothibatsela
who was appointed Director of
Industrial Affairs in the Ministry
of Commerce and Industry
several months ago.

Mr Bashi Ikitseng in the
Department of External Affairs
becomes Ambassador, Chief of
Protocol to replace Mr Edward
Rasebotsa, who was transferred
to Lusaka as High Commissioner
a few months ago.

The Registrar of Companies
inthe Ministry of Commerce and
Industry, Mr Oarabile Kalabeng
is transferred to the National
Assembly as Deputy Clerk.

10

BOTSWANA


Homelands' 'Consolidation' Nears Completion
(SOWETAN, 17 May 84) ......eccseesecsssceccsesceececceeees 100

Community Leaders Back Autonomy for Shallcross
(THE GRAPHIC, 11 May 84)... cece cccccccecceceececceccucees 101

Implications of Population Control Program Noted
(Editorial; SOWETAN, 28 May 84) ........secesecscecece woes 102

Emergence of Afrikanervolkwag Scored
(THE GRAPHIC, 11 May 84) .....cccececcccccccccccccceccecee 104

Boom Times Predicted for Ferro-Chrome
(Howard Preece; RAND DAILY MAIL, 17 May 84) ..........+.+. 106

Western Action Against Mugabe Regime Urged
(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 26 May 84) ..... see eeeeceeceeeees 108

Arms Boycott Against SA Criticized
(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, :23 May 84) ...ccccieccceccecscees 109

Increasing Student Unrest Deplored
(Editorial; SOWETAN, 17 May 84) ......cecacceeveescceceees 111

Soweto Students Support Atteridgeville Colleagues

(Jon Qwelane; SOWETAN, 28 May 84) ..........0. seeeeceeeeee 113
Briefs
Indians Register 114
Vryheid Pollution 114
Ciskei Land Reform 114
Student Pamphlet Claims Denied 114
Fish Farming 115
Fishing Policy 115
Second Tier Government 115
Thirst Death Threat 116
NGK Unity 116
White Cadets 116
ZIMBABWE

Minister of State for Political Affairs on Youth Ministry
(THE HERALD, 24 May 84) ...cccecceceveeeee Sa deeceecceccees 117

Zinatha on Witch Hunt Warpath
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 20 May 84) .....cscecececcccsccecceeees 120

Army Tests New Vehicles as Part of Continuing Procurement Program

(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 20 May 84) ...... 121
Bumper Cotton Harvest Expected After Late Rain
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 20 May 84) ............. Sere erence ee eene 123

-e-



Cde Shava said non-Government organisations were also playing their part in
assisting the displaced persons.

He said he hoped that another supplementary food aid request that had been
made to the WFP would be approved soon.

Speaking at the same occasion, Mr Ambatchew said the 10,000 tonnes of wheat
which fall under an agreement signed recently were already on their way to
Zimbabwe.

He said his organisation's aid programme, to Zimbabwe now totalled about
US$5.5 million and it was looking forward to assisting the country in devel-‘
opment-orientated programmes.

CsO: 3400/1025

128



BOOM TIMES PREDICTED FOR FERRO-CHROME

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 17 May 84 p 2

[Article by Howard Preece]
[Text]

BOOM times are returning for ferro-

chrome producers.

A major company believes the industry as a whole
will be operating at virtually 100% of existing capa-
city this year with output reaching 850 000 tons.

its mnain rival is more cautious and is talking in
terms of 800 000 tons.

Either way the outlook is highly promising.

Ferro-manganese prospects, however, are less
buoyant — but a great deal better than they looked
six to nine months ago.

Although world ferro-chrome prices are still fair-
ly flat there is confidence in South Aftica that they
yu move as much as US48c a pound by the end of

year,
. Given the weak position of the rand on foreign
exchange markets — at present R1 is worth around
77 US cents, compared with $1,35 in the 1981 peak —
the rand earnings of ferro-chrome producers -are
looking healthy.

This is a radical change from this time last year
when prices were as low as US30c/33c.

Mr John Hall, chairman of Middelburg Steel &
Alloys and of the Ferro-Alloy Producers’ Associ-
ation, reckons the industry needs a price of about 38c
(at current exchange rates) to break even on produc-
tion costs.

So at the present 43c-45c the industry is making
fomfortable profits — and at 48c should do very well
inde

South Africa uses only about 25 000 tons of ferro-
chrome a year for specialist steel production — 95%
of it stainless.

The prospect for this year is that it
will export between 775000 tons and
825 000 tons and account for about 50%
of total world output.

That export level will be about 40%
up on the 1983 figure.

It could also earn as much as R400m
in much-needed foreign exchange this
year.

106

The exports should be split fairly
even between the US, Europe and

Japan. :
Hall has long been predicting a
major expansion in ferro-chrome capa-

city. :

He admits, however, that his earlier
timetable needs revision. .

Last year Mr Hall claimed that by the
end of 1985 capacity would have ‘dou-
bled from the level then prevailing.

Now he says this is likely to be phased
in over a period to 1987/88.

But Mr Hall insists that by 1995 South
Africa will have a ferro-chrome capa-
city of about 4-million tons and be meet-
ing roughly two-thirds of total world
demand.

The prospect of major expansion of
ferro-chrome capacity has focused at-
tention on the so-called plasma smelter
production process.

Traditional ferro-chrome (and other
ferro-alloy) production is by the conven-
tional submerged electric-are furnace
smelting method.

Among the advantages claimed for
the plasma process are:

@ It can use lower quality raw materi-
als. This applies particularly to the
ferro-chrome operation;

@It can process the raw materials
more efficiently, with a higher recovery
of chrome and manganese;

@ It is less complicated to operate than
the submerged-arc furnace; and

@ Capital costs are less.

For all that, however, South Africa is
rather less committed to the plasma
Process than is often supposed.


NIGERIA

UNIVERSITIES CLOSE AS STUDENTS BOYCOTT CLASSES
Enugu DAILY STAR in English 10 May 84 p 8

[Text] Students of the University of Lagos packed out of their Akoka Campus
on Tuesday as a result of the boycott of lectures they embarked upon since
May 3.

Some of the students said that they had to leave because "the cafeteria has
stopped operation since last Monday."

The gates of the university closed were open to traffic and students moved
about freely without any hindrance from about 50 armed anti-riot policemen
stationed at the gates.

None of the university authority could be reached for comments, but some
students said the length of the boycott might depend on the details of the
revised 1984 budget which the Minister of Finance, Dr Onaolapo Soleye, gave
on Tuesday.

The National Association of Nigerian Students had, on May 3, ordered the stu-
dents in all the nation's institutions of higher learning to embark on a
boycott of lectures to back up their demand that the Federal Government
should abolish the payment of fees in schools.

The University of Calabar has also been closed down and all the students
ordered to vacate the campus, the registrar of the institution, Mr Onofiok
Ufot, said in a statement.

He said that the senate of the university ordered the closure "to forestall
any unpleasant development."

The registrar said that the university authorities had monitored students’
reaction to the senate's decision ordering them to resume normal lectures on
Monday and had evidence that there were plans to disrupt lectures.

Students of the institution had, on May 3, embarked on an indefinite boycott
of lectures in compliance with the directive of the National Association of
Nigerian Students which the government said it did not recognise.

In Kano, the Military Governor, Air Commodore Hamza Abdullahi, has said that

the government would not tolerate any form of misbehaviour by students in the
state.

65



ETHIOPIA

DROUGHT, STARVATION CONDITIONS PREVAIL IN WOLLO
Paris LE MONDE in French 29 May 84 p 5
{Article by Roger Cans]

[Text] Cheba. -- The horrifying spectacle of suffering begins
less than 300 kilometers to the north of the capital, right along
the great road built by the Italians to link the Red Sea to Addis
Ababa. At Cheba, in an enormous hollow that is usually a marsh,
but is now cropped over until it looks like turf on a football
field shaven down to the nap, lie carcases of cattle in the last
stages of putrefaction. The vultures, perched in the sparse
acacia trees, don't even bother to go about their usual business:
there are just too many carcases at one time. With the carrion-
eaters sated and lethargic, men with long knives move among the
carcases, stripping the hides from their dead cattle. With no
meat left on them, they can still provide good leather, which the
nomads will sell for a few kilos of grain -- if they get the
chance.

These men are Afars from the marginal desert regions to the east,
on the border between Ethiopia and Djibouti. Each year, the
drought drives them westward into the mountains and green pastures.
This year, though, the "little" spring rainy season failed to ma-
terialize, and the herds were driven westward at a killing pace,
heading for the high plateaux of the Wollo. Exhausted by their
exertions, the Zebus are dying. And the few healthy cows no longer
give the milk that is still the basis of the nomads! diet.

Failed Crops

Two volunteers from the Ethiopian Red cross alight from a Land
Rover carrying UNICEF markings, toting a sack full of medications.
"We're here to treat people, not cattle," they announce. The
Ethiopian government feels that the herds are far too large to be
truly productive. "These people measure their wealth by the num-
ber of head they graze, even if the herds' ribs are sticking out
through their hides." Officials in the Agriculture Ministry are
hoping that the hecatomb will make the nomads understand that it
is better to graze fewer cattle, providing they thrive. The Afars,

20



cso:

3400/1025

A total of 2.500 qualified
nurses serve in the Unita
health services.

Unita receives medical
supplies from South Africa,
Zambia and Zaire.

Unita’s Secretary of In-
formation, Dr Jaka-Jamba,
spoke of the guerrilla
forces’ education pro-
gramme.

There are 22 secondary
schools in Unita territory,
which covers one third of
Angola.

In Jamba, more than 500
pupils attend the primary
grammar school, while
about 1000 attend the
secondary grammar school.

Jamba’s ulation to-
tals about 1 people —
including families.

Soldiers join the guerrilla
force at the age of 17. How-
ever, in the workshops we
came across “soldiers” of
about 14 repairing and ser-
vicing captured weapons.

One of the most impres-
sive pieces of weaponry be-
ing repaired in the Jamba
workshop is a 122mm Soviet
cannon captured during an
attack on Kamgamba in
August last year.

Although 70% of Unita’s
weaponry is captured dur-
ing raids, additional wea-
pone is bought from

riendly countries, like Mo-

rocco.

However, Unita also re-
ceives financial assistance
for the acquisition of arms
from Saudi Arabia.

Dr Jaka-Jamba declined
to say what percentage of
Unita’s military budget is
made up from money re-
ceived from Saudi Arabia.

Weapons most frequently
used in Unita’s offences are:
Chinese and Russian anti-
aircraft missiles, Soviet
cannon, Soviet tanks, trucks
and troop carriers, Russian
AK 47s, Polish and East
German arms.

Unita’s 40000 military
force — 20000 regular
troops and 20 000 guerrillas
— now has five fronts, cov-
ering 22 military regions,
under its command.

This means Unita ettec-
tively controls one third of
Angola. It also carries out
major operations in another
third of the country.

Unita intends staging
major operations in the
Zaire and Cabinda prov-
inces in northern Angola un-
til September, while
strengthening its ability to
operate inside Luanda.

Unita’s chief intelligence
officer, Colonel Juan Ka-
sato, also disclosed that Un-
ita intended taking control
of the Zaire border strip by

September.


MOZAMBIQUE

MANPOWER RESOURCES ACCORD SIGNED WITH PORTUGAL
MBO80754 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1700 GMI 7 Jun 84

[Text] Mozambique and Portugal signed in Maputo today a statement of intent
reflecting their mutual will to increase cooperation in the fields of manpower
resources, social security, and professional training. The accord includes
the preparation of a schedule of concrete cooperation actions in the fields
of manpower resources and professional training, in which Portugal has already
agreed to collaborate.

The document was signed for Mozambique by Aguiar Real Mazula, secretary of
state for labor affairs, and for Portugal by Rui do Amaral, secretary of state
for employment and professional training. Under the terms of the accord, a
Portuguese delegation is expected in Mozambique shortly to evaluate jointly
with the Mozambican authorities the needs in the areas covered. Later a
Mozambican delegation will go to Portugal to assess the capabilities and
potentialities of that country in professional training.

Aguiar Real Mazula, secretary of state for labor affairs, after signing the
document ‘expressed the wish that the document does not stop at intentions.

[Begin Mazula recording] For us, in the People's Republic of Mozambique,
cooperation has as a final objective the creation of technical and material
foundations which mutually benefit our peoples andstates. Accordingly, we
think that cooperation should not be restricted to the already existing
exchange of scientific documents, but should also allow, without protection-
ism, the exchange of experts to train cadres in the humane use of the tech-
nical and scientific revolutions taking place throughout the world. Fortunate-
ly, the record supports this view, which we honestly think is an intelligent
perspective.

Mr Secretary, the progressive common standpoints of the Portuguese-speaking
countries will produce, as a logiaal consequence of our work, the political
enlightenment and the genuine resolve of the peoples that we represent.
[end recording]

In reply, the Portuguese secretary of state for employment and professional

training reiterated a firm determination to fulfill the obligations of the
statement of intent.

25



the effects of the ex-
change rate but while ex-
porters would benefit
from a depreciation in the

value of the rand, im-

porters did not, especially
if they were not in a posit-
ion to raise their domestic
prices.

In addition, a deprecia-
tion usually went hand in
hand with a higher rate of
inflation and would also
promote expansion of the
economy.

It was clear therefore
that exchange rates had to
be seen as part of any
general economic policy.

aware of the extemal fac-
tors, we can begin to use
the internal environment
to adapt to the demands
of the external one,” he
said.

Experience had shown
that the characteristics
which distinguished the
‘successful from the unsuc-
cessful businessman was

It had also been shown
that small businessmen
who regularly made use
of the help and advice of
skilled outsiders had a 70
Percent greater record of
success than those who
refused help.

He said the time had
come to provide special
financial help and advice
to small businesses for

Free Export Zones Urged

cso:

3400/1027

THE Government was
called on to investigate
the establishment of
free export industrial
zones in South Africa.

Dr D C J de Jongh of
Gencor, said studies in
semi-industrial countries
undertaken by the Kriel
Institute in West Ger-
many had shown that an
outward looking trading
policy had proved suc-
cessfull whereas a policy
of import control had to a
large extent failed.

This was because im-
port control encouraged a
manufacturing sector
which lost its dynamic
growth because of a lack
of foreign competition.

Countries like Colum-
bia, Malaysia, Mexico,
South Korea and the Re-
public of China had mov-
ed away from import con-
trol to an outward looking
trading policy and as part
of this had successfully in-

cash management, cre- difficult financial times as
ative ability, initiative, in- was done in countries like
ventiveness, originality Canada, Belgium and the
and budget control. United Kingdom. .
troduced export industrial
areas free of controls.

This had resulted in in-
creased foreign invest-
ment, especially in Tai-
wan and despite the costs
of setting up such an area,
the outcome was a net
Profit for the economy as
awhole.

It was possible, Dr De
Jongh said, for a country
to move from an import
control policy to a more
outward looking policy
without putting unbeara-
ble stress on the national
economy.

However the timing
and the methods of imple-
menting such a policy
would need careful atten-
tion from the public and
Private sectors.

In the meantime he rec-
ommended that the gov-
emment undertake a
cost-benefit analysis of
the establishment of free
export industrial zones.

94


TRANSVAAL PROVINCIAL COUNCIL CRITICAL OF GOVERNMENT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 16 May 84 p 8

[Article by Keith Abendroth]

[Text]

THE governing Nat-
ionalist Party yester-
day reeled under a bat-
tering of criticism and
accusations of shoddy
government when the
“no confidence” . de-
bate was held in the
Transvaal Provincial
Council.

Official —_- Progressive
Federal Party opposition
and Conservative party

MPCs both attacked the.

administration over. a
wide field, ranging from
‘declining’ standard of the
Province’s roads to educa-
tion, ‘shilly-shallying’
over equal opportunities
for all races to hospital

administration, General
Sales Tax increase to re-
form plans.

In the debate, the lead-
er of the PFP, Mr Doug-
las Gibson, slammed the
administration on the
“crisis” in English educa-
tion in the province.

Malaize

He said there was a
“serious malaise” in Eng-
lish education and that if
the executive Member in
Charge of Education, Mr
Fanie Schoeman, failed to

do something about it he
was either ignorant of it
ornot concerned.

The Government's “re-
Pressively” enforced poli-
cy of Christian National
Education was a major
reason for the crisis in
English education and the
authorities tended to
“pooh, pooh” the crisis,
blaming . the _English-
speaking le them-
selves for the situation, he
said.

The time had come
when the situation must
Teceive the closest atten-
tion because the situation
was becoming desperate.

‘Roads .

Mr Gibson _ also
slammed the declining
state of the province’s
roads network and said
that although spending on
roads had increased by
nearly 275 percent over
12 years, in hard terms
the roads were getting
less attention than ever
before.

Spending was not keep-
ing up with the inflation
rate and the amount actu-
ally being spent on con-
struction and mainten-
ance was diminishing “at

a frightening rate”.

The Provifice, he said,
was also lagging in the
Government's commit-
ment to equal treatment
and facilities for -sick
People of all races — and
equal pay for staff.

Hospitals

There was a massive
over-provision of beds for
Whites in the province —
more than 9 000 beds for
a White population in the
Province of about 2,3 mil-
lion and only 12 259 beds
for a Black population of
5,4 million.

At the same time, sal-
aries and wages paid to
Black and Coloured
nurses — from whom the
same qualifications were
Tequired as Whites —
were such that they were
in fact “subsidising” the
Province to thé tune of
nearly 17 percent of their
income.

The chairman of com-
mittees in the house, Nat-
ionalist MPC Mr Jackie

~Kruger, accused Mr Gib-
son of “racism” — and
the opposition as a whole
— of seizing on every
possible negative facet of
NP administration to use

87

SOUTH AFRICA

as political ammunition.

Opposition

“Why is it we never
hear from the Opposition
about the good things —
such as the’ peace initiat-
ive on our borders and
overseas, the success of
the fight against inflation;
the Cariton Hotel sum-
mit?” asked Mr Kruger
(Rissik).

The attacks were proof
of a bankrupt Opposition.
Every government

tion — and it was hoped
that the new constitution-
al differentiation would
set up the groundwork of
a proper and good Oppo-
sition.

If the English-speaking
people were upset about
the level of their chil-
dren’s education they
should themselves do
some soul-searching.

Mr Gibson was guilty
of “racism” by trying to
exploit the situation —
and he ignored the fact
that it was thanks to the
Afrikaner teacher that

“the wheels of education

kept on turning, in Black,
as well as White, areas.



ANGOLA

RELATIONS WITH SPAIN PROGRESSING
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 19 May 84 p 3

[Text] Madrid. Angola's first ambassador to Spain, Fernando Franca Van-
Dunem, will be presenting his credentials to the Spanish head of state next
Monday, according to diplomatic sources.

Fernando Van-Dunem will fill the posts of permanent’ ambassador in Lisbon and
"non-resident" ambassador in Madrid. He is already knowledgeable about
Angolan affairs involving the Spanish government from frequent visits to
Madrid.

Spain has had a diplomatic representative in Luanda since’ 1979.

Fernando Van-Dunem is the first Angolan ambassador to Spain. The Angolan
government's intention to appoint a non-resident ambassador to Madrid was
announced last June by Angolan Minister of Foreign Affairs Paulo Jorge during
a visit to the Spanish capital.

The Spanish government gave its stamp of approval last January.

The appointment of the Angolan ambassador to Spain coincides with a time of
developing relations between the two countries, from a political standpoint as
well as from economic and commercial ones.

Spain granted a 4-year, $200 million line of credit to Angola. The trade
balance is favorable to Angola, but Spain has important interests in trade
with this country. One commercial agreement between the two countries is in
the area of fisheries, and includes construction of fishing boats for Angola
in Spanish shipyards.

Last November, a delegation from Spain's Socialist Workers’ Party [PSOE]
visited Angola and the PSOE leaders recently invited the MPLA-PT to send a
delegation to Spain for an official visit.

9805
CsO: 3442/382



BANK OFFICIAL FAVORS SLOW ECONOMIC RECOVERY

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 May 84 p 27

[Text] THE South African

economy could not af-
ford a revival just yet,
the managing director
of Trust Bank, Dr
-Chris van Wyk, told
the Afrikaanse Han-
delsinstituut congress
in Durban yesterday.

The Government
would have to continue
“turning the screws” even
though this would delay
any sort of economic re-
covery, keep interest
fates and tax pressure
high, cause profits to fall
further as well as result in
more insolvencies _and
failures of small busines-
ses, he said.

The small business of-
ten did not have sufficient
buffers against high inter-
est rates, price increases,
falling turnover and
strong competition often
marked by price wars.

Those small businesses
in the drought stricken
areas were even harder
hit because their tradi-
tional markets were being
eroded by the increased

Depreciation Not Favoured

DEPRECIATION of the
rand could not act as a
Substitute for a sound
monetary and fiscal poli-
cy, Dr Chris de Swardt,
head of the Economics
Department at the South
African Reserve Bank,
said.

and faster depopulation
of the rural areas.

However, one of the
main reasons for small
business failure was lack
of management efficiency
and skill, he said.

‘The director of the Ad-
vice Bureau of Small
Business at _ Potchef-
stroom University, Mr P
L Moolman, said the time
to prepare for the coming
economic upswing was
now.

Businessmen who
made use of this opportu-
nity would be in a much
more favourable position
to profit from the ex-
pected upswing as well as
to survive the present dif-
ficult period.

Mr’ Moolman noted
that while businessmen
tended to blame external
and uncontrollable fac-
tors like the drought or
the falling gold price for
their failure, research had
shown that 93 percent of
all business success or
failure depended on inter-
nal, controllable factors.”

“Provided we are

An unfavourable bal-
ance of payments caused
by foreign economic con-
ditions had to be met with
a policy which fitted
domestic spending and
imports to the prevailing
conditions, he said.

Virtually no sector of
the economy could escape

93

SOUTH AFRICA



AVAILABILITY OF SIMONSTOWN BASE ANNOUNCED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 May 84 p 5

[Text]

BUENOS AIRES. —
South Africa could
make the Simonstown
Naval Base available
to one or more coun-
tries capable of exer-
cising “global responsi-
bilities” for the de-
fence of the South At-
lantic and the Cape sea
route, the South Afri-
can Ambassador to
Argentina, Mr F D
Tothill, said last night.

Addressing a seminar
at Belangro University,
Mr Tothill said South
Africa was in no position
to police the Cape sea
route “let alone our half
of the South Atlantic.”

“Our priorities are dif-
ferent, being more intro-
spective perhaps than
yours,” he told the semi-
nar.

“What we could do in
defence of the Cape sea
route or of the South At-
lantic in general is to
make the Simonstown
Base available to a friend-
ly country, or countries,
capable of exercising glo-
bal responsibilities.”

Simonstown, a British
naval base until 1955
when Britain gave notice

CSO: 3400/1027

of withdrawal, was used
by the Royal Navy until
1976.

Mr Tothill ‘rejected
speculation at the start of
the Falklands war be-
tween Britain and Argen-
tina over the disputed is-
lands that Britain had
asked South Africa for
the use of Simonstown.
South Africa had also
never offered the base to
Britain.

But Mr Tothill said: “1
think that you will agree
that Britain’s task would
‘have been both easier and
less costly if Simonstown
had been available to its
fleet during the war.

“But South Africa was
neutral during the war
and there was no question
of granting those facilities
to a belligerent in a war to
which we were not a par-

ty.”

South Africa’s policy of
neutrality during the war
had not been easy to ar-
tive at and maintain, the
ambassador said.

“The United Kingdom
is South Africa’s best
trading partner, besides
which there is a long tra-
dition of . . . connection
at the political level.”

He said the South Afri-
can Government ‘had
been put under “consid-
erable pressure” to take
the United Kingdom’s
side.

“The fact that it did not
do so gave rise at the time
to appreciation in Argen-
tina and hostility in the
United Kingdom, from
which ... we have not
fully recovered to this
day.”

Referring to criticism
about the use of Cape
Town as a transit point
for a British consortium
building an airport on the
Falklands, Mr Tothill said
it would be a “futile ges-
ture” to deprive the
builders of the use of
Cape Town.

“South Africa is not at
war and there is no legis-
lation that my Goverr:
ment can invoke to pre-

98

SOUTH AFRICA

vent the construction con-
sortium from using Cape
Town.”

South Africa was also
party to the generat
agreement on tariffs and
trade which “stipulates
freedom of __ transit
through the territories of
the contracting parties.”

“If the South African
Government succumbed
to the pressure in Argen-
tina to ‘do something’
about the airport, it
would be an entirely futile
gesture because there is
absolutely no way that
South Africa could pre-
vent its construction,” the
ambassador said. —Sapa.


° ” SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS =

INDIANS REGISTER--DURBAN.~-Applications for Indian voter registration in
Durban are pouring in at a rate of 3 000 a day. The Indian electoral officer
in Durban, Mr Dickson Perumal, said the demand had been so great that he had
run out of registration cards. He appealed to the public to be patient while
more were being printed. The deadline for registration to vote in the elec-
tions is May 31. Mr Perumal said although May 31 was a public holiday, people
who posted cards on that date would be eligible to vote. [Text] [Johannes-
burg THE CITIZEN in English 23 May 84 p 5]

VRYHEID POLLUTION--VRYHEID.--Sulphur Dioxide pollution of streams and rivers
in the mining areas east of Vryheid caused animals and fish to die and made
the water unsuitable for domestic use or irrigation purposes, Sapa's corres-
pondent reported yesterday. At a meeting between members of the Northern
Natal Farmers' Associations and senior officials of the Department of Environ-
mental Affairs inHlobane yesterday, Mr H J Best, chief engineer of the depart-
ment, said his department undertook to do all in its power to combat the pol-
lution. The meeting found that the problem had been aggravated by floodwaters
caused by cyclone Demoina, Mr Best said streams and rivers in the area would
be monitored. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 16 May 84 p 17]

CISKEI LAND REFORM--BISHO.--President Lennox Sebe of Ciskei said his govern-
ment was planning one of the biggest land reform programmes in Black Africa.
Speaking in the National Assembly in Bisho yesterday he said this would in-
corporate tribal traditions and private ownership. Referring to the Develop-
ment Bank of Southern Africa, President Sebe said such a bank had been long
awaited because of the belief that a multilateral institution of this nature
would play a significant role in the rapid development of Black States. He
said his Government had accepted the report to thé Swart Commission of Inquiry
into the economic development of Ciskei. The proposals of the Commission con-
cerning the adjustment of company tax would be studied by a subcommittee of
the National planning. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 16 May

84 p 11]

STUDENT PAMPHLET CLAIMS DENIED--DURBAN,--The United Democratic Front (UDF)

is considering taking legal action over a pamphlet issued by the Conservative
Student Action Front (SAF). The pamphlet, which also attacked Nusas, was
distributed this week on the University of Natal campus, Pietermaritzburg.
The pamphlet, entitled "ANC Recruitment", claims that the UDF is recruiting

114



The Head of State announced the abrogation of further external borrowing by
any state government, adding that nothing less than N2.50. billion for princi-
pal and interest repayment would be needed yearly "to service our existing
loans" between now and 1986.

Negotiations with the IMF and the World Bank, he said, would be continued in
earnest "in the hope that a mutually satisfactory compromise on the remain-
ing issues can be reached eventually."

But he warned: "Whether or not we are able to reach a complete agreement with

the IMF, this country will have to rely more on its own efforts and resources

to improve our economic situation. Nigerians must be ready to make sacrifices."

CSO: 3400/1002

61



NIGERIA

ACCOUNTS OF AJAOKUTA STEEL SAID NOT AUDITED SINCE 1979
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 23 May 84 p 16

[Text] Accounts of the multi-billion Naira Ajaokuta Steel complex had not been
audited from its inception in 1979 to date, Minister of Mines, Power and Steel,
Alhaji Rilwanu Lukman, said in Lagos.

Receiving the report of the four-man panel which probed allegations of finan-
cial mismanagement in the company, the minister said this lack of account-
ability was one of the major problems confronting the project.

He said a firm of external auditors had been hired to audit the accounts of
the company. . .

Alhaji Rilwanu noted that the panel spent 90 days to compile its report in~
stead of the 30 days given to it, but added that the delay must have been due
to the volume of work. ‘

He reminded the panel that government decided to investigate the steel complex
because of the various allegations of fraud in the company.

The minister thanked the panel for a good job and said it was his belief
that the report would go a long way to protect the future prosperity of the
industry and assured that recommendations of the panel would be carefully
studied with a view to implementing them.

Chairman of the panel, Mr J.B. Ajala, had told the minister that the report
was completed only last Friday and explained that the panel's assignment was
delayed because of the magnitude of work it had to carry out.

He said the former General Manager of the company, Mr Ezemanari was among
those brought from Kirikiri Prison to testify before it.

cso: 3400/1001

67



BENEFITS DERIVED FROM FUTURE KGASWE COAL MINE DESCRIBED

Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 7 May 84 p 4

[Article by Alaudin Osman]

[Text ]

PALAPYE, April 30: A
sprawling camp near here will
soon be closed, marking the end
of preliminary work on what has
been described as one of the
biggest coal deposits in the
world.

The camp marked the site
where geologists and engineers
of the Shell Coal (Botswana) a
subsidiary of Shell Oil company,
have been collecting and
analysing data, some 26 km west
of here along the road to Serowe,
on behalf of Government and
Shell. .

There is already widespread
optimism in the project, as
evidenced by press reports,
despite the fact that no decision
has yet been taken to go ahead
with it.

Commenting on this a few days
ago, the Minister of Mineral
Resources and Water Affairs, Dr
Gaositwe Chiepe told me: “I
would like to make it clear to the
public that we have not yet
decided to go ahead with the
Kgaswe Coal Project. What we
are doing now is to carry out
feasibility studies that would
indicate whether the project can
pay for itself or not, and if it can
and both parties to the Joint
Venture Agreement feel
comfortable to proceed with the
project, a firm decision will be
taken.”

Shell Coal executive, Mr Phillip
Steenkamp, was just as reticent.
The company was completing a
number of studies on the project.
Field exploration and drilling,

among other things, had been
done, and the camp at Kgaswe
would be closed down. But no
decision had been taken yet on
the project, he said.

But once that decision is taken,
admitted Dr Chiepe, it will mean
a significant diversification of
Botswana's mineral sector.

If the decision to go ahead is
taken in the middle of next year,
the project would be expected to
start in 1986, under a Joint
Venture company, which would
be known as the Kgaswe Coal
Development Company (Pty) in
which Botswana would have 15
per cent equity share holding.
The remaining 85 per cent would
be held by Shell.

The project would directly
create about 4500 jobs and inject
over P1 million per month in
salaries into the local economy.

Of the 4 500 jobs, 4 000 would
be for locals. Furthermore, the
project is expected to create
about 4 000 to 5 000 jobs
indirectly.

“We are therefore talking about
a project creating some 8 000 to
10 000 jobs for Batswana,” said
the Minister.

Botswana's economy relies
heavily on diamonds. But at
present, the diamond market is
weak. “When the diamond market
is depressed, the whole of our
economy suffers,” she added.

The coal sales are therefore
also expected to cushion the
effect of the economic shocks
created by fluctuations in other
sectors of Botswana's economy.

12

BOTSWANA

In addition to the massive
creation of jobs, the project is
expected to bring with it much-
needed infrastructure to
Botswana. New railway lines,
roads, an airfield, a township
and water schemes are among
the benefits in the offing.

The project would also meana
big inflow of imported goods
and equipment into the country.
It would automatically raise
Botswana's customs revenue
share from the Customs Union,
besides having dramatic impact
on the national and international
transportation networks.

In the wake of these potential
developments, the Department
of Town and Regional Planning
of the Ministry of Local
Government and Lands has
asked all government Ministries
atid departments to submit
comments on Serowe and
Palapye, based on a regional
structure plan of the Kgaswe
Coal Project.

The 77 page report contains a
list of maps and it details the
major development projects, the
planning policies and legal
framework, delineation of the
study area, land use and land
policy, and employment forecast
and population projections,
among other things, in the
Central District.

One of the more advanced
projects in the immediate
neighbourhood of the coal mine
is the Morupule Power Station,
said the report.

The power station would be


SOWETO ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT NEARS COMPLETION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 May 84 p 17

[Text]

CAPE TOWN. — All
residents in. Greater
Soweto should have
electricity from August
this year, the Minister
of Co-operation - and
Development, Dr Piet
Koomhof, said today.

He was giving details at
his weekly Press confer-
ence in Cape Town of the
massive electrification
project undertaken in So-
‘weto some years ago, and
Progress reports on other
development schemes in
the Black urban area.

Completion’ of ‘street
lighting and control sys-
tems would take place
early in 1985, he said.

In Greater Soweto, 18
of the 24 contracts grant-
ed for electricity distribu-
tions systems and wiring
of houses had been com-
pleted and the remaining
six'were at an advanced
stage.

The contractors had
already wired 91 800 of
the 99000 houses con-
cerned, while work on
87 433 had been com-
pleted and accepted by
local authorities although
not all had yet been pro-
vided with electricity.

“Forty thousand resi-
dents of Greater Soweto
are already using electric-
ity and deposits are being

paid and connections
made at the rate of about

6000 per month,” Dr

Koornhof said.

Six hundred and thirty
out of 955 sub-stations
had already been switch-
ed on to provide wired
houses with electricity
and latest _ indications
from the contractors were
that all sub-stations would
be switched on by the end
of July.

“It is expected that all
residents of Greater So-
weto will be i
with electricity from Au-
gust this year,” the minis-
tersaid.

Thirty-seven kilo-
metres of 132000 volt
above ground lines and
5 000 km of underground
cables had been laid and
‘taken into operation.

So far about R177-mil-
lion had been spent out of
the approved R220-mil-
lion.

Housing

ture projects being under-
taken in Soweto meant it
could be turned into a
modem city with a popu-
lation of 1,5 million com-
pared to its present de
facto population of one
million, the chairman of
the West Rarid Develop-

95

SOUTH AFRICA



AGRICULTURAL CONFERENCE CONVENES AT ABECHE

Drought Losses, Sahel
D'Djamena INFO TCHAD in French 14 May 84 p 2

[Excerpts] The planning meeting for the 1984-85 farm year in the
Sahel zone convened yesterday at Abeche, where Agriculture and
Rural Development Minister Djidingar Dono Gardoum had been meet-
ing since Saturday with the top administrators from the nine
Chadian provinces lying along the Sahel fringe of our country.
More than 100 guests, including the directors of the several
government agencies involved in development are also in the
capital of Ouaddai province.

The minister's arrival in Abeche met with an enthusiastic welcome.
The people had turned out in the early morning hours to greet and
applaud their guests. This meeting, the first of its kind in 5
years, will give all concerned a chance to size up the state of
agriculture in this drought-ravaged part of the country. An
informal meeting was called on Sunday to appoint the various
committees formed to conduct in-depth studies of the disparate
issues involved in rural development in this harsh environment

so particularly inhospitable to attempts to grow food crops de-
pendent on rainfall. Emphasis throughout the meeting will center
on the need to introduce irrigation farming to the greatest pos-
sible extent, making use of dams and reservoirs. The cabinet
minister's trip yesterday took him 3 kilometers outside Abeche

to inspect the work-site for the operation carried out by Afri-
care was an indication of the agriculture ‘and rural development
minister to intensify efforts of this kind in the Sahel.

CNC's Aim: Transform Chad
N'Djamena INFO TCHAD in.French 15.May 84 pp 7,8

[Text] The Agricultural Conference on the Sahel Zone was offi-
cially opened yesterday by Agriculture and Rural Development.
Minister Djidingar Dono Ngardoum, who made no secret of his plea—
sure at chairingthis first meeting at Abeche since the events of
1979. This, he said, is an’ earnest of real hope. The prefect of
Quaddai, Mr Maide Hangatta also voiced his delight, in his

17



According to him, should private organisations be included "projects will be
halted as they will be unable to purchase machines and other capital equip-
ment."

On the currency exchange the MBC boss said that it was going to "mop excess
liquidity both within and outside the country."

The present situation he however remarked was "few money was chasing few
goods."

The financial director of Glaxo Nigeria Limited, Mr J.K.0. Osinaike, said
that with the abolition of compulsory advance deposit, manufacturers would
now be faced with a new problem of having to fund their running capital to
“wade through their problems."

He said that since local manufacturers would have to pay duty on imported
raw materials, some business enterprises would find it cheaper and more en-
couraging to import finished medicinal preparations which were now duty
free.

However, the secretary of the Nigerian Exporters Association, Mr S. Ogwah,
said that this was the first budget to pay serious attention to the export
potential of the country. He was optimistic that the future of would-be
exporters and importers of the country's local products would be bright.

An industrial relations expert, Dr Tayo Fashoyin, in his reaction to the
Incomes Policy aspect of 1984 budget, said that the continued reliance on
"Income Policy guidelines" for a long time was irrelevant to the economy.

Dr Fashoyin, who is an associate professor of industrial relations and

acting head of the department of industrial relations and personnel manage-
ment, University of Lagos, said that Income Policy Guidelines in the country
has been in operation for about eight years adding that "the longer it stays
the more loopholes employers and employees would find in circumventing it."

Such circumvention include paying of overtimes, redefining the job content,
etc.

csO: 3400/1001

46



CAPE TOWN. — Urgent
attention should be paid
to the proclamation of
more marine conserva-
tion areas, the President's
Council Planning Com-
mittee has recommended.

In its report on nature
conservation, tabled yes-
terday, the committee
also recommends the im-
mediate banning of motor
vehicles on either the en-
tire coastal area of South
Africa or on parts of it.

It says the need for the
conservation of marine
resources should be ex-
tended to the country’s
inland water ecosystems
andestuaries.

“The committee is of
the opinion that the re-
commendation for the

Proclaim More Marine Reserves, Say Report

creation of a hierarchy of
habitats off the coast of*
South Africa, ranging
from totally preserved
areas to multiple use
areas, should be given se-
rious attention, particu-
larly beause of the over-
exploitation of resources,
for example West Coast
pelagic fish,” the report
says.

“At least some areas of
the ocean front and asso-
ciated sand dunes, if not
the whole coastal area,
should be closed to all
non-official vehicular
traffic and this should be
done now, before the
practice of using moto-
rised transport in this
highly sensitive zone be-
comes even more com-
mon,” it adds. — Sapa.

Planning Council Says Conservation View 'Meaningless'

CAPE TOWN — The
view that 10 percent of a
country’s land surface
should be set aside for
conservation has been re-
jected by the Planning
Committee of the Presi-
dent’s Council.

In a report on nature
conservation tabled yes-
terday, the committee
says the figure, which has
been recognised interna-
tionally until recently, is
“meaningless”.

“There are other more
important indicators of
the state of conservation

in a country than an arbi-
trary.area percentage.

“These indicators have
to do with the preserva-
tion of the various
ecosystems present in the
country, the number of
the aims set out in the
conservation policy that
have been met, the range
of conservation needs
covered by the existing
conservation areas,. the
degree of accessibility to
the various communities
etc,” the report says.

If these criteria were
satisfied, it did not matter

what percentage of -a
country’s land surface was
set aside for conservation.

About 4,5 percent of
the Republic’s land sur-
face is currently devoted
to official conservation.

But the report says that
if privately-owned con-
served land were included
in calculations, the figure
would be much higher.

According to- the re-
port, the internationally-
recognised conservation
body, the IUCN, has re-
cently abandoned the 10
percent target.

Conservation Areas Should be Inviolate--Council

CAPE TOWN. — Proclaimed nature conservation
areas should be regarded as inviolate unless the sur-
vival of the nation is at stake, a Presidents’ Council
committee has said.

However, it also recommends the multiple use of
land where conservation and other interests can be
reconciled.

In its report on conservation, tabled yesterday,
the council’s planning committee says alternatives

to commercial, industrial or other incompatible uses
of conservation areas should be considered. These
alternatives should include importation:
. “However, should all such efforts prove negative
and the survival of the nation is at stake, nature
conservation interests will have to become secon-
dary.”

The committee says.there are many land uses that
can be reconciled with the ideals of conservation.

91



MOZAMBIQUE

TRAINING COURSES FOR DEFENSE AGAINST BANDITS
In Chemba District
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 25 Apr 84 p 2

[Text] The fifth’ self-defense course in the district of Chemba ended
recently, having been attended by workers from various state companies and
departments, neighborhood secretaries, merchants, students and the population
of the region in general.

At the closing ceremony, which was attended by First Secretary and District
Administrator Jose Paulino Salomao, a message from the participants was read
expressing their readiness to go to the battle front.

Taking the floor, Jose Paulino Salomao said that the course was a response
to the recommendations of the 1st meeting of the Provincial Committee and
the 10th meeting of the Provincial Assembly. The recommendations encouraged
fulfillment of the order to make 1984 the year of toal liquidation of the
armed bandits. He added that the militiamen should set an example both in
their place of residence and at work and should mobilize the population to
work for production.

He also. explained the meaning of the Nkomati Accord, saying that for that
agreement to be successful, all of us must devote ourselves to the increasing
of our vigilance.

In Manica Province
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 24 Apr 84 p 1
[Text] A training course for cadres in self-defense has been under way since
March in Manica, bringing together officials of the sector from all the districts
of the province.
The course's main goal is the maintenance of knowledge acquired in previous
training, standardization and the performance of the self-defense officials

in the region. The course is being headed by the Provincial Military
Command of Manica.

29



ZIMBABWE

YOUTH MINISTER DISCUSSES YOUTH BRIGADES
Harare THE HERALD in English 24 May 84 p 10

[Text] BY the end of last year, 400 000 youths were enrolled in the Youth
Brigade, but that number is small compared to the population of young people
in Zimbabwe, says the Minister of Youth, Sport and Culture, Dr Simba

Makoni.

In an interview with the Zimpapers Feature Service, to mark the first nation-
al conference of the youth wing of the ruling party, the minister said that
last year the census had shown that at least 55 percent of "our population
are young people below the age of 18 and if we add above that those who

are between 18 and 30 we could say up to 60 and 65 percent of our population
is in the age group eligible for youth."

Cde Makoni said that the relationship between his ministry and youth of the
country was based on the fact that the ministry was the official State in-
stitution established to further the interests and aspirations of the youth.

"In that context the ministry has interest in what emerges from the youth con-
ference not necessarily from its party political context but from its being a
forum of the youth, the politically conscious majority of whom will be expres-
sing themselves on a wide range of issues of national importance."

To that extent, he said, his ministry viewed the conference with a lot of hope
and interest and the expectation that "we will find direction emerging with a
clear political line on the organisation and mobilisation of our youth".

The ministry's plans were that the Youth Brigade movement should become the main
vehicle for the mobilisation of the youth, irrespective of their colour, ethnic
origin, social or economic status.

"Regrettably", he said, "our start has not been very good in spite of the
fact that we have been at it now for four years. The response from certain
sections of our community to the Youth Brigade movement has not been very
positive".

Cde Makoni said he had addressed university students recently and had "lamented

the fact that we actually find our youths and their reaction to the Youth
Brigade movement divided".

129



CSO:

erected five km west of the
railway junction here and next to
the Morupule Colliery.

The Morupule Power Station
will supply the entire eastern
part of Botswana with electricity,
connecting all major centres into
a national grid of powerlines.

The power station is scheduled
for completion in 1986, said the
report.

Other projects include the
Morupule Colliery which was the
first coal mine to be established
in Botswana.

Itis an underground mine west
of the Morupule Power Station
site, served by a branch line
from the main railway at Palapye.
Its coal is tranported by rail
mainly to Gaborone and Selebi-
Phikwe.

A number of other spin-off
benefits are also anticipated in
servicing and supporting
industries which are expected to
multiply the number of job
opportunities in the region.

However, one of the most
‘significant developments is
expected from the establishment
of two railway links to the east
and to the west for the export of
the coal that will be mined at
Kgaswe.

The western link, known as
the Trans-Kgalagadi Railway, will
offer Botswana new oppor-
tunities for development in
previously remote‘ areas, said
officials here.

The technical and economic
feasibilities of this link which
has generated much excitement
in local and international
business circles, was being
examined by the British
consulting engineering firm of
Hendersen Busby International
in partnership with Travers
Morgan International following
contract which was signed last
October with the Botswana
government.

The Trans-Kgalagadi Railway
line is planned to cut across the
Kgalagadi desert to link with the
existing system in Namibia, to
form a new link to the western
seaboard.

Inthe other route to the eastern
coast, consideration was given
to the possibility of building a
short link from Kgaswe to the

3400/1023

South African transport system
near Ellisrus to lead to Richards
Bay.

But the western link is seen as
being more advantageous,
despite being more costly, said
Mr Robert Busby, an executive
ofthe British firm, in an interview
with the BBC.

“Should it be so decided that it
joins with the South African
transport system, say at Gobabis
or at Grootfontein, then this
railway is not as heavily utilised
as is the eastern link from
Witbank and therefore, would
provide a better route in terms of
available occupancy; that is,
occupancy for mineral trains,”
he explained.

The area under survey is very
arid desert and its sandy soils
would present difficulties in the
provision of water and the
establishment of staging and
signal posts, he admitted.
Stations woutd have to be opened
at regular distances and trainees
to man them would also have to
be found.

“A steady, maintained
programme of training would be
possible,” because the
construction period would be
five or six years, said Mr Busby.

His firm envisaged the establish-
ment of a dual railway system of
between 600 and 700 kms tong
as by far, the best method of
catering for 10 000 to 15 000 ton
trains is one tranche. The same
amount takes hundreds of lorries,
large numbers of craws, vast
quantities of extra fuel and other
major expenses.

Mr Busby was in the early 70s
involved in a feasibility study of
the 1 200 km long Tazara or
Tanzam line, which is roughly
the same length as the proposed
Trans-Kgalagadi Railway.. The
experience that he gained in that
project is expected to serve him
well on the Botswana project.

“It would be an achievement
of strategic importance in
political and economic terms for
Botswana,” said an official here.

The new line could join the
Namibia system at two points,
one at Gobabis which appears
to be the natural point, or to the
north of Grootfontein. It is
expected that the newline would
then continue on, to the existing

13

system presently operated by
the South African transport
services,

It would appear that the
southern most system, the one
that goes through Windhoek is
the most likely choice, according
to current official thinking. This
would then take it to Walvis Bay
or some other ports on the west
coast.

The Namibians would be
expected to benefit in two ways:
firstly through an upgraded route
which would allow for import
commodities from the coastal
area to Windhoek and Gobabis,
and to be able to establish a
distributive pattern from this
point.

Secondly, the railway would
charge tariff for Botswana traffic
over its lines. Therefore there
would be considerable revenue
accrued.

Other spin-off benefits for
Namibia would include urban
developments, as increase in the
infrastructure along the lines of
rail in long-term benefits over
the next decade.

Despite the potential diversi-
fications which would have a
major impact on the mineral
industry and the economy as a
whote, Dr Chiepe remai
confident that the off cliche

“But we are going to pull our
mineral economic eggs in one
diamond market,” she said.

Botswana currently has three
diamond mines at Jwaneng,
LetIhakane and Orapa, whose
gem quality is among the best in
the world.

Diamond sales helped to
sustain the country’s economy
during the economic recession
of the past three years.

Export earnings from diamond
doubled in 1983 from 1982 to
about P410 million, two thirds of
the country's export earnings,
according to available figures.

production of eleven million
carats put Botswana in the top

three producers, along with
South Africa and the Soviet
Union.

Despite these achievements,
Dr Chiepe was still cautious.
“We have to have several
economic baskets”, she said with
asmile.



"In doing so, the government will, at all times, recognise ability, excellence,
devotion to duty and productivity."

The governor said that the exercise would continue until the public service
was trimmed to an acceptable size consistent with economic efficiency and good

performance.

cso0: 3400/1001

57



"A manager who is indifferent or antagonistic to this national ideology will
invariably render himself and his organisation ineffective, and will thus find
himself subverting both his organisation and the new social order which will
sooner or later be forced to dispense with his services for its welfare and
survival," the minister said.

Cde Shava said he was disgusted with the action of the management of Sable
Chemicals which ordered the pulling down of posters of Karl Marx and Mao Tse
Tung put up for the Workers' Day celebrations.

The action was "typical of an insensitive management," he said. "How stupid
and how provocative can a management become?"

cso: 3400/1024

126



cso:

3400/1027

Mrs Thatcher should also note the confirma-
tion by Armscor that it will soon begin look-
ing at production of South Africa’s own heli-
, copters, submarines and corvettes.

This shows how self-defeating the arms embar-'
g0 is, since it has forced South Africa to look
to its own resources to manufacture what it

Nevertheless, we still need to purchase planes
like the ones we now seek.

The most unlikely countries are receiving the
most sophisticated arms.

South Africa, despite the rebuffs it has had
from the West, is still the West’s most im-
portant potential ally in this strategic part of
the world.

Itshould not be shunned any more.

And it should not be denietl’the, planes ; and

equipment it needs for peaceful purposes: *

110



cso:

3400/1027

that trouble at black schools is
age-old.

‘Students at high school and ati
university are impulsive, ‘They They:
are also a pretty good reflection

are tioa 9 pretty good rene
the black community. Most of us
‘had problems during our school
‘days. Most of us are aware there
‘are students who would subvert!
the smooth running of classes’
simply because they have not
done their work. But it never,
‘went to such lengths that schools,
had to be closed for almost the’
“entire year.

112



Labor Minister Speaks Out Against Splinter Unions

(THE HERALD, 21 May 84) ...

Mozambican Refugees Food Aid

(THE HERALD, 22 May 84) ...

Youth Minister Discusses Youth Brigades

Briefs

(THE HERALD, 24 May 84) ...

Bright Future for Mines
Food Convoys Protected
Norwegian Aid for Refugees

125

127

129

131
131
131


CP:

Government Has Lost Control of Economy

A CONSERVATIVE party frontbencher, Mr C B
Schoeman (Nigel) spoke under a constant barrage
of heckling and interjections when he said that the’
Government had lost all control of the economy.

At one stage the Chairman of the council, Mr

- B D T Boshoff, called for silence and told membets

of the Government benches; “you can heckle as
muchas you want to— but please not in achorus.””

Mr Schoeman said the facts of history showed it
was the Conservative Party of today which was the
“true” National Party.

“But why are we called racists if we stand simply
and honestly for the very things the National party
of old stood for?” he asked.

What had happened to the prosperity the govern-
ment had promised after winning the referendum he
wanted to know,

“There is no prosperity — only disaster” he said.

Inflation was running away and the Government
had lost all grasp of the economy — “the world in
fact now has less faith in South Africa than ever
pefore because of the unrest and instability here,”

1e said.

English Education Suffering

cso:

3400/1027

THE Government was
yesterday accused in a
Provincial Council debate
deliberately and systema-
tically creating an educa-
tional atmosphere in

“which English education

was suffering.

A PFP opposition
spokesman on education,
Mr Joel Mervis (Eden-
vale) described as “‘fic-
tion” the often repeated

claims of the Nationalists
that the English were
themselves to blame for
neglect in English educa-
tion.

“The situation as it is
_now has, in fact, been_
schemed and planned by
the Government, in the
same atmosphere as its
systematic indoctrination
of Afrikaner youth,” he
said.

89



NAMIBIA

WHITE MEMBER TAKES PART IN SWAPO DELEGATION
Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 22 May 84 p 5

[First installment of interview with Anton Lubowski by Bill Hulme in the
column: "Firing Line": "Labowski: SWAPO Member"]

[Text] This is the first part of an in-depth interview on the widely reported
decision of Windhoek advocate, Mr Anton Lubowski to join SWAPO.

Bill Hulme: Why, at this stage your decision to join SWAPO?

Anton Lubowski: Well, some three or four weeks ago I met the President of
SWAPO in Paris, where I had the opportunity to talk to Mr Nujoma for three days
«+. and I asked him all the questions ordinary people ask about SWAPO.

Within the first half hour after we met, he said two things that to me were
very significant.

Firstly, he said that by now he had lived in independent Africa for more than
20 years and that he knows the good things about Africa, as well as the mistakes
that have been made.

Hungry People

He told me that he wouldn't be able to speak to people with empty stomachs...
to hungry people. Hungry people can't listen.

Namibia, he said, is the last colony in Africa.

SWAPO wants to make a success story out of it. He persuaded me that the
movement was determined to make a success of an independent Namibia.

Success Story

That is why I've joined SWAPO. To assist in making a success story of the
independence of this country.

That is also why I am urging other professional people to do the same.

It'll be tragic for people to run to South Africa and sit there after inde-
pendence rejoicing in every post-independence difficulty Namibia experiences.

34



ARMY TESTS NEW VEHICLES AS PART OF CONTINUING PROCUREMENT PROGRAM

Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 20 May 84 p°4

[Text] The Zimbabwe National Army has tested a variety of new military vehi-
cles as part of its continuing procurement programme, Major-General Jevan
Maseko said last week.

Among countries that had supplied vehicles for user trials were Romania,
the German Democratic Republic, West Germany and Japan, but no decision had
yet been made on forthcoming purchases by the army's procurement committee.

"We need vehicles in all areas of the army. This includes small vehicles
and saloons," said General Maseko, Chief of Staff (Q) at army headquarters
in Harare. "We are like any other institution in Zimbabwe. Our purchases
are determined by the Treasury."

Because of the Government's spending constraints no new vehicles were
bought by the army in the 1983-1984 financial year and new vehicles added to
the ZNA fleet during that period were bought in the previous financial year.

"We conduct user trials to find out whether the equipment is acceptable from
both a tactical and a practical point of view,"said General Maseko.

There was no immediate obligation to buy and reports on suitable vehicles
were shelved until required. The tests comprised of road performance,
obstacle trials in the bush and assessments of fuel efficiency and avail-
able maintenance and mechanical services.

“Our aim would be to have vehicles in the same range as the existing fleet
to ensure mechanical and spares backup," he said. "We would not like to get
ourselves into a situation where vehicles are off the road because of inade-
quate back-up."

General Maseko said the replacement of old and accident-damaged equipment
was a permanent exercise and despite financial curbs ZNA's requirements
were being met.

"There is no reason to think we should get priority from the Ministry of
Finance in normal circumstances, The Government is trying to improve the

status of the community as a whole and we are part of the community.

121



cso:

3400/1027

ment Board, Mr John
Knoetze, said yesterday.

The electrification
scheme, which was near-
ing completion, meant an

_ xtra 22 000 houses could

be built and according to
modern town planning, a
city to accommodate 1,5
million people could de-
velop over the next five to
10 years, Mr Knoetze
said.

Giving progress made
in the provision of hous-
ing, Dr Koornhof said a
total of 9 539 single units
and 3 391 residential units
had been completed dur-
ing the past four years.

Progress

Projects in progress or
an advanced stage of
planning involved a total
of 1978 flats and 8 239
residential units.

New areas to be devel-
oped involved 116 500
single units, 6 330 flats
and 18 898 residentials
units. -

Other ° figures given
showed that 10614
houses had been sold on
the 99-year leasehold sys-
tem in the area since the
mass housing sale scheme
started in July last year.

The West Rand Devel-
opment Board had
ranged for the finan
of 2500 loans, entailing

about R24-million, to
Black individuals to im-
prove or extend their
present homes.

On the shebeen issue,
Dr Koornhof pointed out
that their so-called “legis-
lation” was in fact an in-
correct term which was
leading to confusion.

Licences

Many applications for
Provisional licences as a
first step towards meeting
Tequirements laid down
by the Liquor Board for
liquor licences had been
received.

Eighty-six shebeens
had been recommended
for provisional licences
and 26 of these had been
Branted so far.

The police had made it
clear that shebeens were
illegal until they obtained
liquor licences.

Dr Koornhof said sur-
veys had shown the ‘aum-
ber of shebeens in Soweto
rose to as many as 3 500 in
summer but that. this
number fluctuated by up
to 50 percent over the
seasons. .

So far, there were three
established Black liquor
outlets in Soweto and of
the 12 “dormant licences”
(since the 1976 riots) 10
had already been priva-
tised according to Gov-
ernment policy and one
was already in operation.

96



AL: Look, South Africa accepted Resolution 435...all their parties in Namibia
accepted it. Now they want to go back on their agreement. Why?

Only Obstacle

In August last year when the UN Secretary General was here, he said that all
the problems about Resolution 435 had been sorted out with the South African
government.

The only obstacle that remained was this Cuban issue. So why should Resolu-
tion 435 now be outdated within a matter of a few months?

BH: Can one sum this up saying that SWAPO's point of view is that if South
Africa had painted itself into a corner by accepting Resolution 435, after
pressuring some political parties in Namibia into doing likewise...and in
retrospect started thinking that it gives an unfair advantage to SWAPO, it's
their problem, not SWAPO's?

Why No Retract

AL: Yes... Because, why should one now retract from an agreement that's been
firm?

The issues are basic issues, that can never be outdated. I cannot see how an
election and a ceasefire can be outdated.

BH: Is SWAPO insisting on a formal signing of a ceasefire agreement, or is
SWAPO prepared at this stage for just a general cessation of hostilities on
condition that it's followed immediately by the implementation of Resolution
4352

Stop the War

AL: I would think so... Whether you now say formally sign a document to say
that at such and such a date there will be a ceasefire, or whether you just
agree that on such and such a date there will be no hostilities any more, what
the hell is the difference?

The point is, let's stop the war.

I don't think that SWAPO will insist on a formal signing of a document.

One can agree to test the credibility of the parties.

The biggest problem-is the lack of trust, that SWAPO doesn't trust South
Africa and South Africa doesn't trust SWAPO...But it must be linked with an

election, a seven month period according to Resolution 435 during which elec-
tioneering will take place.

cso: 3400/998

37