Oil Production
Year: 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981
Volume: 11.2 10.6 9.8 8.9 7.6

The new Gabonese legislation stipulates that the state is to remain the
license holder after 1981, and that it is to sign exploration contracts and
share production with companies established in Gabon. It is estimated that
this production should be on the order of 7 million tons in 1983. Note that
the oil figures are available in the annual report published by the General
Directorate of Hydrocarbons in Libreville. The next report is to come out
in July.

Manganese exports also fell, to the extent of 34 percent, Poland and Romania
(which are our principal clients) having suffered obvious recession. On
the other hand, in 1979, the ferromanganese producers had benefited from
the temporary drop in the dollar to build up large stocks.

The destocking of this ore, combined with the steel crisis, as well as com-
petition from Australia and South Africa, has resulted in a drop:

1,400,000 tons in 1981, bringing in 31 billion CFA, or 5 percent of export
receipts.

Uranium, as one can guess, is dependent on the socioeconomic constraints in
the industrialized countries, which have seen their programs for establish-
ing nuclear power plants slow down under the pressure of public opinion.
The exportation of concentrated uranium reached 1,300 tons for Gabon in
1981, while uranium metal yielded 942 tons, in a context characterized by

a 20 percent drop in world prices in 1980-1981.

But the Franceville Uranium Mining Company is resolutely banking on an
optimistic future by inaugurating its new production plant in Mounana in
early June. This plant will make it possible to produce 1,500 tons of
uranium per year.

[2 Jul 82 p 4]
[Excerpt] II. Marginalization of Rural Population

While agriculture is the "priority of priorities," the document recognizes,
the country's foreign dependency for its food supply is still great; all the
same, these imports rose to 27 billion CFA in 1981, or 12 percent of total
imports.

Traditional type food crops are, of course, on the rise: manioc (250,000
tons in 1980), banana plantain (175,000 tons), taro yams (78,940 tons),
corn (9,980 tons), peanuts (7,200 tons) and rice (850 tons). But, an
agricultural engineer objected to us, these key figures, which do not
correspond to reality for the simple reason that these products are not
marketed and thus not recorded, must be distrusted. For the most part,
they are self-sufficiency products.

14



Poor Coordination Affects Efficiency
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 29 Sep 82 p 1

[Text] In his speech at the Seminar on International Cooperation held in
Maputo, Planning Minister Mario Machungo talked about individuals who
infiltrate the structures of international cooperation, deliberately distort
the political line of FRELIMO Party and reveal our tactical development
projects to the enemy. He also said that some still use their offices to
incorporate capitalist models of development.

This seminar, which will end today, continued yesterday with the
participants divided into working groups to study various points on the
agenda.

According to AIM [MOZAMBIQUE INFORMATION AGENCY], the minister of planning
said that mistakes had been detected; for example, organizations responsible
for planning and managing the economy were not giving sufficient attention
to international cooperation matters.

This, in some cases, said the minister, resulted in real changes in the
development strategy defined by the party and state.

Machungo also said that this occurs where foreign influence and admiration
for everything suggested from abroad are more pervasive and where people
admire the manuals specially written to guide the development of developing
countries.

The lack of coordination between the central organizations for foreign policy
implementation is another basic factor impeding effective international
cooperation. On this point, he stressed the need to set up guidelines to
regulate the planning and implementation mechanisms between these structures. .

The minister of planning also said that some central government structures
followed up poorly on international cooperation agreements and contracts.

The contracting of extremely poorly qualified foreign technicians and
assistants who then competed with the national labor force was another
area mentioned.

The minister of planning cited the inefficient structures responsible
for this area and the many incompatible criteria for hiring international
technicians as the principal problems.

To solve this specific problem, he urged rigorous evaluation of foreign

technicians and the involvement of the Mozambican trade unions in the
contracting process.

9479
cso: 3442/10

35



Mr Wang Jo-Chieh pointed out that an accord signed by his country and the
previous government has been renewed by the current government. The accord
deals with proposed improvements to Plaisance airport. He told us that
talks were under way on two aspects of agreements signed between Mauritius
and the People's Republic of China, one in the cultural field, where the
existing agreement is going to be extended, and the other in the agricul-
tural field, where the new agreement will enable the Chinese team now at
work at Belle Vue Albion to remain in Mauritius for 3 more years in order
to finish their work, started under favorable auspices.

The Ambassador, who leaves us next Sunday, will go directly to Beijing, and
he does not yet know where his next post will be. He told us that he had
maintained cordial relations with the diplomatic corps, of which he had long
been dean. He said he will leave the friends he has made during his tour
in Mauritius with some regret.

Mr Wang Jo-Chieh asked us to convey to the Mauritian people his thanks for
the excellent stay here and for all the help he always received. That is
about all there is to say. We wish him safe journey and hope the gods will
always be kind to him.

9516
CSO: 4719/1389

31



The heritage left by the right is very oppressive. It will take a long
period of political courage, of efforts by everyone and of solidarity to
eliminate it and permit a new start.

Everyone has his place in such an action and that's for a long time. It is as
a function of this that women and men of good will will soon unite and

choose their representatives. The latters' future can only be expressed in
the following manner:

The coalition of the parties, organizations,and personalities on a clear
development program;

The largest possible rallying of the Reunion people around this platform.
Such is the future;

Courage, work and progress, to banish politicans' politics, and finally to
promote real politics.

9 July 1982

9380
cso: 4179/1227

40



have been installed, permitting a reasonable increase in production starting
in January 1972.

The new system of hand packing calls for sealing the cans with the old crimper
(cravadeira"/, which is already obsolete, which means it is impossible to
meet the planned quota of 10 tons per day.

"The canning machines offered by Denmark are adapted to 8-ounce cans. We do
not use these cans. Our canneries use quart cans’ and 2.5-kg cans. Hence
we are studying the possibility of acquiring parts to adapt the present can-
ning machines to handle quart cans," the game source reported.

The problem has already been passed on to Luanda, to the National Manufacturing
Industry Directorate, the agency which has the final say in its solution.
There is a possibility that Angola could turn to Spain to acquire equipment of
this type, since from all indications Denmark is simply an intermediary

fsupplier/.

Meanwhile, the Sosseca ‘drying tunnel, attached to Empromar of Baia-Farta,
has also been idle since August 1981.

With the capacity to process 8 tons per day, the Sosseca tunnel was studied by
Danish technicians last month. The results are awaiting evaluation by the
competent Angolan authorities.

It is essential to reactivate Sosseca to go ahead with the work of drying
codfish by mechanized means. This production could now be adapted to drying
various species of fish abundant on the Angolan coast, which would bring in
more income than the traditional drying process.

At this point it is also essential to repair the drying racks to insure in-
creased ground capacity for the traditional drying process.

6362
cso: 3442/4



ZAIRE

BRIEFS

ENVOY WITHDRAWAL--AL-RAYAH has learned that Zaire will withdraw its ambassador

to Israel in a few days after this ambassador returned to occupied Palestine
when President Mobutu Sese Seko decided to resume relations between the two
countries. This decision will be officially announced shortly. This decision
came as a result of the Israeli invasion of Lebanon and the ugly massacre of the
Palestinians, Furthermore, the visit of the enemy's Prime Minister Menahim Begin
to Zaire was postponed a few days ago for the second time. AL-RAYAH also

learned that it is not likely that any other African country will resume
relations with Israel. [Text] [GF131427 Doha AL-RAYAH in Arabic 13 Oct 82 [no
page given] ]

cso: 3401/1

50



In this connection, the UNIP does not regard scientific social-
ism as a contradiction to its concept of a new society. Ina
guidance code discharged in 1975, the party exhorted its offi-
Cials to strong social activity, discipline and alertness, as
well as to strict implementation of party decisions. It pro-
hibited personal enrichment by possession of means of produc-
tion, terrain speculation or the renting of houses.

Humphrey Mulemba's work within the UNIP is directed above all

at strengthening the power of the party and the respect with

which it is regarded. To this effect, he took on the chairman-
ship of the cadre commission of the CC in 1979 and is concomitantly
responsible for party control and discipline. When he was elec-
ted Secretary General of the UNIP in 1981, it remained his chief
concern to increase the party's political effectiveness. He em-
phasized that it was precisely this which he had studied in de-
tail in the GOR when he accompanied President Kenneth Kaunda on

his visit in 1980.

Like President Kaunda, who in the past made reference on various
occasions to certain ideological and organizational weaknesses

in the UNIP, Humphrey Mulemba also understands these shortcomings.
In the meantime, the party has been able to form closer ties with
the people, but it is now a matter of decentralizing the govern-
ment and bringing it closer to the citizens. The UNIP has been
oriented to democratization of society in all sectors especially
since 1981. To do so, the party must correspond to the interests
and needs of the people in its organizational structure as well,

In a speech made at the university in Lusaka at the beginning of
this year, President Kaunda emphasized that it remains the goal
of the party to achieve "a society of equals" in Zambia. How-
ever, there were still "great differences in the standard of
living between those living in rural and urban areas, and between
those with a low income or no income at all who must live in

huts in the townships and those living in the elite suburbs."

To close this great gap is the principal task of the party pro-
gram.

7072
C350:3430

48



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

BRITISH PLANES--Zimbabwe has received the last four Hawks ordered in 1980. At
Gweru, two British Hawk instructors are stationed. [Excerpts] [Paris AFRIQUE
DEFENSE in French Oct 82 p 32]

ITALIAN TRAINERS--The Air Force has ordered from SIAI-Machetti, 10 trainers,
type S-211. [Excerpt] [Paris AFRIQUE DEFENSE in French Oct 82 p 34]

SPANISH PLANES--Zimbabwe has bought from Spanish CASA six C-212 Aviocars valued
at 17.5 million dollars, an official source in Madrid announced. Delivery will

take place between February 1983 and March 1984. [Excerpts] [Paris AFRIQUE
DEFENSE in French Oct 82 p 36]

cso: 3419/91 END

54



Representative, Minister and Party Official

Immediately after the proclamation of Zambia's national indepen-
dence, Mulemba became a representative in 1964; still that same
year, he became deputy speaker of parliament. In 1967, he took
on the post of national minister for government affairs and be-
came chairman of a government commission dealing with the reor-
ganization of the governmental system. He devoted his attention
to filling important positions with Zambian citizens. Humphrey
Mulemba has been a member of the party's central committee since
1968. He became minister of trade in 1969 and, in this capacity,
signed the trade agreement with the GOR in 1970, before he became
minister of mines. The trade agreement came into being at a time
when there were not yet any diplomatic relationships between the
two countries.

In Zambia, these years around 1970 constituted an important break
in the efforts to secure political and economic consolidation.

The economy, which was unilaterally oriented to the transport of
raw material -- which applied chiefly to copper mining -- was do-
minated by the Anglo-American Corporation of South Africa and the
Qoan Selection Trust Ltd. 8y taking over 51 percent of the share
capital of the foreign mining companies around 1969/70 and acquir-
ing control of the Nchanga Consolidated Copper Mines (nccm) and
Roan Consolidated Mines (RCM) in 1973, the government secured its
influence on the economy. It expanded its control to finance,
insurance, banking and construction as well as to industry, na-
tionalized all land in 1975 and limited the activities of private
capital. Nevertheless, companies such as the international Lonrho
Combine still exert some influence on Zambia's economy. In this
connection, Humphrey Mulemba recalled the declining copper yields
and the negative effects on the Zambian foreign currency exchange,
which greatly impeded the economy's investment opportunities.
Increasing economic difficulties intensified by private capitalist
interests within the bourgeoisie created more problems for the
party.

The UNIP's Current Tasks in Zambia

How does the Secretary General of the United National Indepen-
dence Party see the current role of his party in securing natio-
nal independence and acquiring economic independence? Humphrey
Mulemba's reply: “The UNIP has had to battle great difficulties
since Zambia achieved national independence. Our country was
surrounded by more or less fascist-governed colonies like Angola
and Mozambique and by the country then known as Southern Rhodesia.
As a party, we therefore had to crient ourselves primarily to
the struggle on the political front and to support the freedom
movements in these countries. Now that these countries have
obtained their freedom, supported by the international progres-
sive public, we are devoting our primary efforts to the economic
development of our country.

46



GHANA

ITALIAN DELEGATION ARRIVES, SEEKS JOINT VENTURES
AB252035 Accra Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 25 Oct 82

[Text] A delegation of 21 agriculturists and industrialists from Italy is in
Ghana for talks with the government on the establishment of joint ventures.

At a meeting in Accra today with the secretary for rural development and
cooperatives, Mr Kwaku Ankomah he emphasized that the government is determined
to improve on the lot of the rural dwellers and to provide employment in the
agricultural sector for the youth. The secretary traced the history of the
longstanding ‘cooperation ‘between Ghana and Italy in the field of construction,
said there is the need to move into other areas of cooperation, especially
the agricultural sector as a strategy toward rural development and increase in
farm output.

Mr Ankomah said it is the expectation of the government that the joint agricul-
tural ventures between the two countries would help train skills in agricultural
activities.

The leader of the delegation, Mr (Franchi Gosnini), assured the secretary of his
team's readiness to undertake and see to the successful implementation of the
project. He explained that his delegation from the Lombardy region, has to seek
investment ventures. outside as a result of restrictions on the production of
certain food items due to overproduction, As a result, the Lombardy region has
to expand outside to put the acquired technology into effective use.

Mr Gosnini hoped the delegation would be offered favorable conditions. He
identified the areas of his team's cooperation as agriculture, cattle-breeding,
irrigation, dairy farming, conservation, refrigeration and transportation of
finished produce, provision and maintenance of agricultural machinery and
feeding of the animals.

In the educational sector, schools are to be established to train technicians
and engineers to man machines and equipment.

The delegation later called on the provisional national defense council coordinat-
ing secretary, Mr Obeng, at the castle, OSU. Mr Obeng said it is necessary for
Ghana and Italy to expand cooperation in vital areas to enable Ghana to improve
her economy, This, he said, can be done by reducing the importation of goods
that can be produced locally so as to save foreign exchange for goods that cannot
be produced locally. Mr Obeng said the government has placed emphasis on food
production, because the solving of the country's food problems is a step toward
solving the nation's fundamental problem.

SO: 4
cso: 3400/147 is



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

GDR RADIO OFFICIAL'S VISIT--Fred Gunzel, director of international relations
for the German Democratic Republic state commission on radio, is on a working
visit to our country’ yesterday he met with local journalists and exchanged
views on the role of journalists and the mass media in the process of
building socialism now in Mozambique. At the meeting, organized by
representatives of the GDR League of Friendship With the Peoples, he spoke
of the role played by the mass media in the struggle for the economic and
social development of the German people since that country's government

was formed over 30 years ago. AFter mentioning some points which orient
the function of journalism in the light of the SED [Socialist Unity Party
of Germany] guidelines, Gunzel drew a parallel between information in
Mozambique and in his country and then listed “ideas which will help you
advance without making the same mistakes we did." Later, he said that
cooperation in various fields between Mozambique and the GDR, especially

in the area of information, was an advance which would enable Mozambican
journalists to further their work without making the same errors since they
had FRELIMO Party guidelines as the basic tool. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS

in Portuguese 30 Sep 82 p 8] 9479

COOPERATION WITH CZECHOSLOVAKIA--According to information received by our
staff, the CNICP [National Commission for the Implementation of Production
Councils] and the Central Council of Trade Unions [URO] of Czechoslovakia
recently signed in Prague a cooperation agreement for a major exchange of
views. This agreement resulted from a visit which an official CNICP
delegation, headed by Augusto Macamo, recently made to the Socialist
Republic of Czechoslovakia, at URO's invitation. In that country, the CNICP
executive secretary held talks with a URO delegation, headed by Karel
Hoffman, URO chairman. "The URO and the CNICP consider the preservation
of peace and security of the peoples the priority task of the world trade
union movement," read one passage of their joint communique published at
the end of the visit. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 29 Sep 82

p 8] 9479

cso: 3442/10

36



Travel to UK, Namibian Independence Reviewed
(Accra Domestic Service, 26 Oct 82) .ssssesecseceeeeees

GUINEA-BISSAU
Briefs
PRC Message to Vieira
ID Control Campaign
USSR Friendship Delegation
IVORY COAST

Briefs
Patrol Boats

MADAGASCAR

Reportage on MONIMA-KM Congress in Toliara
(MADAGASCAR-MATIN, various dates) ........+-

MAURITIUS

Departing PRC Envoy Interviewed
(ADVANCE, 27 Aug 82) ..sscecseseccecceccnccncencenseecs

MOZAMBIQUE

Rebelo on FRELIMO Theses: 'Party Not a Club'
(NOTICIAS, 29 Sep 82) .ecccccecesecesccesescesscenes eee

Seminar on International Cooperation Opens in Maputo
(NOTICIAS, various dates) ...ssceseeeeeees bee neeeesenes

"Solidarity, Not Charity'
Poor Coordination Affects Efficiency

Briefs
GDR Radio Official's Visit
Cooperation With Czechoslovakia

REUNION

Reportage on Decentralization Moves
(Paul Verges; TEMOIGNAGES, various dates) ......sseeeee

Central Committee Declaration
Paul Verges' Statement

UPPER VOLTA

Legal Fate of Strikers Outlined
(L'OBSERVATEUR, 24-26 Sep 82) .ccccsssccccccessecececes

-b-

19

21

21

23

24

30

32

34

36

37

41


Telegrams to MONIMA
Tananarive MADAGASCAR-MATIN in French 27 Jul 82 pp 1, 2

fExcerpt/ The 11th National Congress of the MONIMA KA MIVIOMBIO Party, which
was held at its headqaurters in Sanfilo-Toliara, came to a close yesterday.
This congress decided that its national president Monja Jaona will be a can-
didate in the coming presidential election. According to the rule of democratic
centralism, however, it is now up to this Party's Central Office to give its
advice on this decision. At least, it is one of the most important decisions
made by the participants in this congress.

Before talking about the closing speech by the dean of the Supreme Revolu-
tionary Council, we shall give you a brief glimpse of the other organizations
which sent telegrams to the MONIMA KA MIVIOMBIO party.

FEDNAFOP /éxpansion unknown/, after having wished great success to the MONIMA
KA MIVIOMBIO Party, expressed its desire to see this 11th national congress
"result in solutions of national interest.”

As for the Italian ambassador to the Democratic Republic of Madagascar, she
sent'her wishes for full success to the party of the dean of the Supreme
Revolutionary Council.

As for the SECES (Association of Teachers In Higher Education) office, after
excusing itself for its representative's last’ minute inability to attend, it
wishes full success to the MONIMA KA MIVIOMBIO Party.

FISEMA (Fikambanan'ny Sendika Malagasy) ./Malagasy Federation of Trade Uniong/
wrote: "We hope that this 11th regular national congress of a party which
has constantly militated to overcomd colonialism and neocolonialism may
contribute new ideas in order for all progressive forces to be able to unite
with a view to establishing a true democracy and in order for the population's
standard of living to improve."

The other telegrams received by Monja Jaona's MONIMA KA MIVIOMBIO come from
SEKRIMA (Fivoriamben'ny Sendika Kristiana Malagasy) (Christian Confederation
of Malagasy Trade Unions/, the Medical Association, Brigadier Philbert
Ramarolahy, Professor Joseph Andrianjatovo, Professor Zafy Albert, Colonel
Mijoro Rakotomanga, etc.

9380
csO: 4719/1277

29



Whatever the case, in order to establish orders of statistical magnitude,
it is generally estimated that food production in 1981 was about 600,000
tons, half of which probably came from manioc alone.

An interesting socioeconomic conclusion: the rural population is under-
going marginalization in the national system. This constitutes a curb on
the development of the money economy and ultimately of the individual.

Cocoa, which concerns the Woleu-Ntem and the Ogooue-Ivindo exclusively, is
"Gabon's most important cash crop," the document states. Unfortunately,
despite a slight revival in 1977-1978, a 1,000 ton drop is seen in the
1980-1981 season because of two factors: the bushes are too old, and
there is a labor shortage (the young farmers are fleeing to the city).

The Price Stabilization and Equalization Fund's attempts to encourage
planters and regenerate the bushes are continuing; these efforts should
be associated with the action of the National Company for Development of
Industrial Crops (SONADECI), which, incidently, held its board meeting in
June: the Woleu-Ntem cocoa operation, the Ntoum banana plantation, the
Koula-Moutou cocoa unit, the Ogooue and Fernan Vaz food projects, the
Ndende rice growing project, the Franceville food and fruit project, and
integrated zone operations.

But, a SONADECI report flatly states, in actual fact these operations were
not started in 1981...because of belated unfreezing of credits. The pre-
liminary work was limited to inventorying the zones of intervention and
acquiring the necessary equipment.

The fourth ranking vegetal export product, wood, which continues to bring
in substantial resources to. the national budget, has suffered from Asian
(Indonesian and Philippine) competition. Reorganization and reinvestment
were conducted with the assistance of the National Wood Company of Gabon
(SNGB) in order to enable the foresters to make up lost ground.

For 1981 wood (okoume and various woods) brought in 47 billion CFA, or 8
percent of total export revenues.

[3-4 Jul 82 p 4]
[Excerpt] III. Increasing Monetization

The gross domestic product was supposed to have reached some 929.5 billion
CFA in 1981 versus 831.8 billion in 1980, or a 11.7 percent increase. Its
resources essentially come from the petroleum sector (50.4 percent in
1981); in contrast, mining underwent a 25 percent drop in 1981 while other
activities—-trade, processing industries, construction and public works,
services, etc.--held their ground well.

The added value generated by administrative services and duties and taxes
on imports was 134.1 billion in 1981. The high growth noted in 1980 is the
result of the rise in official salaries (23,485 officials in 1981, 22,011
in 1980), as the report of the General Directorate of the Economy notes.

15



GUINEA-BISSAU

BRIEFS

PRC MESSAGE TO VIEIRA--The Cape Verde head of state, Aristides Pereira, on
the occasion of the 58th birthday of Amilcar Cabral, Founder of Nationality,
in a congratulatory message sent to his Guinean counterpart, Joao Bernardo
Vieira, PAIGC secretary general and president of the Revolutionary Council,
stressed that "In complete loyalty to Cabral and his teachings, we shall
find the best means of building up a compatible and fruitfully sociable
life." Likewise, in commemoration of the 12 September anniversary, the Chi-
nese Premier Zhao Ziyang, also sent a message to the president of the Revo-
lutionary Council. After extending friendly congratulations to Comrade Nino
Vieira, the government and the Guinea-Bissau people, the Chinese leader re-
called "the mutual understanding between the two people, the deep friendship
and the profound impressions" formed during the official visit by our head
of state in April 1982. "I am sure," he said, "that, thanks to both parties’
joint efforts, the friendly relations and cooperation between China and
Guinea-Bissau will be strengthened and will continually expand." [Excerpts]
{Bissau NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 18 Sep 82 p 8} 8870

ID CONTROL CAMPAIGN--The Public Order police continue to carry out the docu-
ment identification and checking (identity and tax card) campaign begun in
Bissau some time ago, essentially night and day, mainly in very crowded
places such as the markets. As some sources connected with the Ministry of
National Security and Public Order have pointed out, and as our capital's
residents continue to misinterpret, this campaign has its advantages. It

is necessary to check every citizen walking around our streets, especially
late at night. Besides, we have to bear in mind that after our independence
and with the opening of our boundaries, many people have stealthily pene-
trated into Guinea-Bissau to steal and commit other crimes. Another problem
is that a person can be in an accident on the street and if he is not iden-
tified, there is no way to notify his close acquaintances to provide hospital
care. However, although the campaign began quite some time ago, some people
still go around without any identification. [Text] [Bissau NO PINTCHA in
Portuguese 18 Sep 82 p 3] 8870

USSR FRIENDSHIP DELEGATION--A Leninist Komsomol delegation led by Comrade
Yermolenko, Central Committee member and head of that youth organization's
Department of ProfeSsional-Technical Training, and two deputies from the
USSR Supreme Soviet, arrived yesterday in Bissau to take part in the JAAC/-
Komsomol Friendship Week. Present at the solemn opening ceremony, held

21



GAMBIA

BRIEFS

TRADE STATISTICS--Goods imported by Gambia were worth 13.71 million dalasi in
July 1982 and 12.99 million dalasi in the same month of last year. Exports
decreased from 11.81 million dalasi in June this year compared to 7.21 million
dalasi in July, showing a fall of 4.60 million dalasi. The exports of the
corresponding months under review were higher by 5.76 million dalasi. These
figures imply that the deficit in our recorded visible trade in July 1982

was 6.51 million dalasi when compared with 7.02 million dalasi in the previous
month and 11.64 million dalasi in July last year. Imports consisted mainly
of machinery, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals,
fuels and chemicals while our exports consisted of groundnuts and groundnut
products, palm kernal, fish and hides and skins. [Text] [AB211043 Banjul

THE GAMBIA NEWS BULLETIN in English 27 Sep 82 p 3 AB]

cso: 3400/148

17



MAURITIUS

DEPARTING PRC ENVOY INTERVIEWED
Port Louis ADVANCE in French 27 Aug 82 pp 1, 4

[Text] "Relations between Mauritius and the People's
Republic of China have always been most cordial, and they
remain so. The Mauritian people are a friendly people
whose true worth I have come to appreciate over the 5
years I have spent in Mauritius, which for me have gone
by all too quickly." The speaker was His Excellency the
Ambassador of the People's Republic of China, Mr Wong
Jo-Chieh, who leaves Mauritius next Sunday.

The Ambassador thinks that the Mauritian people are hard-
working, brave and intelligent, and know how to shift
for themselves. He is sure that Mauritius will be suc—
cessful, and development will definitely come.

His Excellency Mr Wang-Jo-Chieh told us that the People's Republic of China
has always preached noninterference in the internal affairs of other coun-
tries. That issue has never been raised on Mauritius, because the relation-
ship has been one between two fraternal peoples. He told us that he did
not have to work hard to promote relations between the two countries, be-
cause such relations came naturally. It was only natural for PRC delega-
tions to visit Mauritius--the Chinese vice president, cultural groups, and
sports teams--and all were welcomed like members of the family. Mr Wang
Jo-Chieh noted that these exchanges went in both directions, and that offi-
cials of the previous government, including Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, the
finance minister and the minister of agriculture made goodwill visits to
China. He added that the same was true for cultural and athletic delega-
tions, especially badminton and table tennis teams. The ambassador told us
that cooperation also extended into the field of information, and that there
were exchanges of Mauritian and Chinese television film.

In the Chinese Ambassador's view, the change in government [on Mauritius]
has not altered his country's policy toward the Mauritian Government. He
has many friends who were in the former government, and lost no time in
congratulating the new leaders of the country after the Mauritian people
brought them into power last June.

30



Acknowledging that "it is always possible to do better" and that “new impetus

must be provided" for French~Congolese relations, Mr Mitterrand emphasized
that, at the close of his official visit to Brazzaville, he was not demonstrat—
ing "an affected satisfaction." Justly so, as the two private conversations
which the two presidents had on Sunday and Monday will, it is said, be follow
ed by concrete measures: oil negotiations to be completed before the end of

the year; January meeting of the joint French-Conlogese commission; new con-
tacts between the’ two chiefs of state, at a date to be determined.

At any rate, both:sides expressed the wish for the development of cooperation
which, the president of the French Republic stated Sunday evening, "generally
speaking, appears to be at a level not justified by our interests. (..)"
Mainly, both parties agreed.to discuss "codevelopment." What this means is
the development of Congolese soil, underground and sea resources with technical
assistance from France and its cadres, making systematic use of the profits
derived from.oil. The importance of these profits can be measured by compar-
ing the 200 billion CFA francs* Congolese budget with the 100 billion and

50 billion CFA francs respectively paid each year by Elf-Aquitaine and AGIP
[Italian Petroleum Enterprise]. In this respect, one official of a large

oil company told us: "Oil is an.important basis for cooperation, as it makes
it possible to finance self-development."

Already, however, people in Brazzaville are wondering how to prepare the "after
oil era," and what resources could be exploited to take over from the "black
gold."

Through the development of food crops, they are also trying to achieve food
self-sufficiency, which remains an obsession with many African governments
and the major concern of large international organizations. Finally, in view
of the deterioration ‘of the national school system, which is said to have
reached spectacular proportions, the training of teachers will be intensified.

The French chief of state was all the more willing to provide his personal
encouragements to all these projects as his visit to Brazzaville, down to the
last minute, proved to be the most successful. of all his second African trip.
Thus, still Monday morning, from the center of the capital to the airport,

Mr Mitterrand was accompanied by the acclamations of a jubilant population
who continued to proclaim their friendship until after the presidential DC-8
had taken off.

9294
cso: 3419/65

* 1 CFA franc = 0.02 French franc

12



ANGOLA

RESPONSIBILITY FOR NAMIBIA DELAY DISCLAIMED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 23 Sep 82 pp 1, 4

[®ext] In recent weeks, diplomatic circles in the United Nations have been
pointing to the possibility of reaching a swift and just solution to the
problem of Namibian independence soon, based on UN Security Council Resolu-
tion 435.

Reports circulated to this effect give to understand that the parties most
directly interested in the problem are ready to reach an agreement based on
the simultaneous withdrawal of the South African troops occupying Namibian
territory and of the internationalist Cuban forces now in Angola.

This issue is presented as the crux of .the peaceful solution to the Namibian
conflict, as if the presence of internationalist Cuban forces were related to
the independence of the neighboring territory, and consequently it is stressed
that the key to the solution rests with the Angolan Government.

This is an obvious distortion of reality, aimed at making Angola responsible
for the delay in bringing independence to Namibia. On the contrary, it is the
Pretoria regime which is throwing up obstacles to the implementation of UN
Resolution 435.

In this regard, it should be stressed that nowhere in Resolution 435 is there
any reference to the presence of Cuban soldiers in Angola, nor could there be,
since it is an internal matter which concerns only the Luanda and Havana
governments. The internationalist forces were called in in 1975 to help the
Angolan people repel the South African and Zairian invaders, based on Article
51 of the UN Charter. The Angolan authorities would not have asked for mili-
tary assistance from a friendly country under any other circumstances.

The proof that this presence is related solely to the defense of Angola's
territorial integrity is given weight by the fact that the Angolan and Cuban
governments have twice scheduled the gradual withdrawal of the internat ion-
alist forces and have:not carried it out simply because the South African army
seized the opportunity to intensify the attacks against the People's Republic
of Angola /RPA7 from the illegally occupied territory of Namibia.



Finally, beginning his speech with the history of JINY, which later became
MONIMA, the dean of the Supreme Revolutionary Council put forward the fact
that, while his party's 10th congress made the decision to have MONIMA KA
MIVIOMBIO reintegrated into the \Natioml Front for the Defense of the Revolu-
tion (FNDR), although divergences still exist between all members of this
Front, it was in response to the appeal addressed to him by President Didier
Ratsiraka on 16 January 1981.

It should be emphasized that the general secretary of AREMA sent a telegram
to the MONIMA KA MIVIOMBIO party and that the POLISARIO delegated a repre-
sentative at the time of this official opening ceremony.

Motions of MONIMA Congress
Tananarive MADAGASCAR-MATIN in French 27 Jul 82 pp 1, 2
(Krticle: "Motions of MONIMA congress"/

[Text] Before the end of the 11th National Congress of hits party, MONIMA KA
MIVIOMBIO, Monja Jaona, the dean of the Supreme Revolutionary Council, talked
with press representatives who were covering the congress. On this occasion

he said that the Toliara Pharmacists’ Association had asked him to give a re-
port to the Joint Committee of the Supreme Revolutionary Council and the Govern-
ment in order for’the import quota for medications to be increased.

With respect to the AVOTSE cooperative, the national president of MONIMA KA
MIVIOMBIA emphasized the fact that while in 1974 its capital was 200,000
Malagasy francs, in 1976 this cooperative had managed to purchase 100 tons

of rice. "This is to tell you," he said, “how much progress this cooperative
has made." And the dean of the-Supreme Revolutionary Council continued, "Unfor-
tunately the person to whom we entrusted the management of this cooperative
has absconded and remains undiscovered...As for the money deposited at the BNI
[National Bank for Industrial Development/ ," Monja Jaona said it had
"disappeared" while he was in the USSR in 1976. He even stressed, "They
managed to prove the dishonesty of certain officials, but the tribunal only
acquitted them." And the national president of MONIMA KA MIVIOMBIO said that
a cooperative differs from the supply committee of a Fokotany in that the
latter may benefit from the control of salaried agents, such as police, the
gendarmerie, etc." At present, he said, the AVOTSE cooperative is no longer
receiving its supplies. That is why it is not operating normally." To con-
clude, Monja Jaona said that another foreign political party has also just sent
a telegram to MONIMA KA MIVIOMBIO wishing its congress success. Finally we
emphasize that these meetings by the national president of MONIMA KA MIVIOMBIO
with press representatives took place at his house. The furnishings of this
house were given to Monja Jaona by Marien N'Gouabi.

To return to this 11th regular national congress of the MONIMA KA MIVIOMBIO
Party, let us say that during the closing ceremony, all memberparties of

the National Front for the Defense of. the Revolution delegated a representative
to it, but the one to attract most attention was Supreme Councillor Remanindry
Jaona of the MONIMA Socialist Group (VSM).

27



MADAGASCAR
REPORTAGE ON MONIMA-KM CONGRESS IN TOLIARA
Speech by Monja Jaona
Tananarive, MADAGASCAR-MATIN in French 21 Jul 82 pp 1, 2
(Article: "'Socialism Without Patriotism Is Poison For the People''7

fext7 "Socialism which is not supported by true patriotism is a hollow
socialism, a degraded socialism, a poison for the people."

This, among other things, is what CSR (Supreme Revolutionary Councillor]
Monja Jaona, the national president of the MONIMA KA MIVIOMBIO (National
Movement for the Independence of Madagascar/ Party, noted in his speech when
opening the proceedings of its 11th congress in the Sanfilo district.

Monja Jaona first gave a chronological account of the Party since its crea-
tion in Manakara in 1942 and especially emphasized, "For 40 years MONIMA
has been a martyred party, always ready, however, to fight for the father-
land."

The national president of MONIMA next spoke about action which should be
undertaken during this period of national recovery. "Congress should thus
study the issues with regard to the coming elections and party discipline."

In conclusion he asked the members of the party to remain patriotic and ex-
horted them to national unity.

After this speech, the representatives of other parties of the "Front" namely,
Rakoto Ignace, AREMA /Vanguard of the Malagasy Revolution/; Arsene Ratsifehera,
AKEM (Congress Party for Malagasy Independencg/; Radio Celestin Vonjy Iray

Tsy Mivaky; Solo Norbert Randriamorasata, UDECMA /Malagasy Christian Demo-
cratic Union/; and Vestalistene, MFM-MFT /Militants for the Establistment of

a Proletarian Regime-Militants for the Realization of the Revolution/, among
others, emphasized cooperation in the coalition of all vital forces which
should be propelled by a single impetus toward the triumph of our revolutionary
struggle, although we are experiencing difficulties, and there are enemies in~
side as wéll as out.

Kind guests also spoke, displaying their joy in finding themselves among the
members of the congress. These were the Saharans and the representative of

24



ANGOLA

RURAL EXODUS PROBLEM SERIOUSLY AFFECTS AGRICULTURE
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 23 Sep 82 p 3
(Erticle by Jaime Azulay: "A Problem for Concern®/

[Text] Throughout the world, the phenomenon of the flight of rural populations
to the large urban centers, in the hope of finding "better living conditions”
there, has been intensifying by the year.

In Angola this phenomenon is assuming proportions which, if not alarming, are
at least cause. for concern, since it is primarily motivated by the aggression
of the South African racist regime. and its utilization of armed bands‘to

sow death and destruction. The instability caused by these groups, armed by
South Africa, does not permit the rural zones, the countryside, sufficient
peace to insure the economic and financial engagement needed to reorganize
and increase farm production, with the introduction of mechanized methods,
and to better the rural way of life.

Hence this rural exodus provokes the problem, first, of the difficulties that
arise in the abandoned area for want of manpower for the farm work. Once highly
productive farm fields are now abandoned and hence unproductive.

With the population exodus to the large cities, the typical rural mode of liv-
ing is automatically disrupted by the introduction of new living standards.

In the large city, the problems are just as great. How is this population to
be housed? The new arrivals indiscriminately invade all the empty spaces.
They build provisional shelters, a jumble of nonstandard houses built only for
survival. In time, these huts become the slums that symbolize a mean life.

There arise. the problems of urbanization, hygiene and health of the city. The
infrastructures cannot support this abrupt population increase.

The city grows indiscriminately, almost always in an illegal manner, based on
a circumstantial urbanization imposed by the uncontrolled clandestine construc-
tion, unplanned and without concern for public order. Flagrant examples of
what we could call urban anarchy are visible in most of the cities of the
country.



ZAMBIA
UNIP Secretary General Discusses His Goals
(Helga Witte; HORIZONT, 23 Aug 82) ..scssssecesesecevees
Briefs
Imported Foods
ZAIRE
Briefs
Envoy Withdrawal
ZIMBABWE

"News Agency of Nigeria’ Analyzes Racial Attitudes
(NAN, 23 Oct 82) ...

Briefs
British Planes
Italian Trainers
Spanish Planes

43

49

50

51

54

54


ECONOMIC SITUATION IN 1981, 1982 PROSPECTS NOTED
Libreville L'UNION in French 1, 2, 3-4 Jul 82
[Article by Jean Bilinga]

[1 Jul 82 p 4]

[Text] I. Export Products

As every year, the General Directorate of the Economy in Libreville has
published an interesting study on the Gabonese situation, entitled
"Economic Log," on Emmanuel Ondo Methogo's responsibility.

This work, which is based on data obtained by surveying a sample of the most
characteristic enterprises, presents both the 1981 situation and forecasts
for 1982-1983. Macro-economic aggregates are the focus of this study,
which is studded with tables which are simple but explanatory even for
uninitiated readers.

First, the 1981 results. Oil, the leading product, yielded only 7.56
million tons, a long-predictable drop. Despite this reduction in volume,
oil receipts reached 66 percent of budgetary revenues, invoices in dollars
having taken advantage of the constant rise in the American currency.

The quotas imposed by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
(OPEC) have not affected Gabon, the (Gabonese) general secretary of the
organization, Marc-Saturnin Nnang Nguema confided to us in an interview.
Our country has benefited to the same extent as Ecuador from "preferential
treatment." The voluntary rdduction is supposed to be on the order of
10,000 barrels per day or 0.06 percent of the total.

Of this total volume 84 percent continues to be pumped off-shore, the costs
of under-sea prospecting and exploitation being lower than those of
prospecting on land.

On the other hand, the Gabonese state has initiated a policy of intensive
exploration, stepping up investments to compensate for the drop in produc-
tion (see table, in millions of tons).

13



ANGOLA

AMBASSADOR TO CUBA SPEAKS ON CUBAN TROOPS
Iuanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 23 Sep 82 p 4

(fext7 Mawete Joao Baptista, Angolan ambassador to Cuba, reiterated the
Angolan Government position regarding the imperialist maneuvers aimed at
linking the problem of Namibia independence to the presence of Cuban inter-
nationalists in Angola. The ambassador spoke at a press conference in the
Cuban capital on the occasion of the celebration of 17 September, Day of the
National Hero.

The Angolan diplomat said the Cuban troops will remain in Angola until the
integrity and sovereignty of his country are effectively respected. "The
Cuban troops in Angola do not represent a threat to any neighboring country;
on the contrary, it is the racist South African troops who are illegally
occupying Namibian territory and are still in Angola's Cunene Province,"
Baptista explained.

The Angolan ambassador also condemned the United States for its arrogant
Qehavior in the search/ for a just solution .to the Namibian problem, accusing
it of using successive diplomatic maneuvers to pastpone implementation of

UN Resolution 435. He added that Angola, like the rest of the Front Line
countries, is prepared to pursue diplomatic efforts with the "Contract Group"
to reach a negotiated solution to the Namibian problem.

In conclusion, the diplomat accused the Pretoria regime of planning to attempt
a large-scale invasionof Angolan territory. At the same time, he reaffirmed
the determination of the Angolan people to defend the territorial integrity
of their country.

6362
cso: 3442/4



GHANA

TRAVEL TO UK, NAMIBIAN INDEPENDENCE REVIEWED
AB260800 Accra Domestic Service in English 0700 GMT 26 Oct 82
[Press review]

[Excerpts] Writing under the heading "Traveling Properly," the GHANAIAN TIMES
appreciates the plight of Ghanaians who travel to Britain only to be turned
back because they possess no entry certificate. The paper recalls that it
criticized the move by the British authorities to tighten immigration regula-
tions in 1978, pointing out that the move looked racist and unfair as it
discriminated against blacks and the colored. It also condemned the British
Government for frowning on immigrants and yet welcoming more fugitives. However,
the TIMES makes it clear that Britain like all other countries has the right to
apply its immigration laws according to the norms of international relations.
And Ghanaians who wish to travel to the country or elsewhere must stand on the
merits of their own case.

The paper says the secretary for interior has explained to the public in clear
terms the British immigration regulations. Therefore, those involved in what it
calls the mad rush to Britain have themselves to blame if they decide to go
there without satisfying the requirements. The TIMES urgently appeals to the
British immigration office in Ghana and the Ministry of Interior to get the
shipping companies and airlines operating in Ghana to enforce strictly the
directives that travel tickets to Britain should be sold only to those who
possess entry certificates, Port security officers too must be firm in applying
this rule.

The DAILY GRAPHIC writes on the Namibian independence issue and the United States'
attitude toward the issue, It notes’ that all those who want peace and face
realities have come to accept the inevitability of majority of blacks government
not only in Namibia but even in apartheid South Africa. The GRAPHIC recalls

the warning by the former World Bank president, Mr McNamara, that a violent
explosion appears inevitable if apartheid does not give way to a saner system,
It also recalls the statement by the French foreign minister, Mr Cheysson,

that the so-called contact group has completed its work and that the only
stumbling block now is the United States and South African insistence that Cuban
troops quit Angola. But according to the French minister, the contact group

has never accepted and will never accept such a link.

19



017256

JPRS 82192 —

8 November 1982

_ Sub- Saharan Africa Report

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. US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

i _ _SPRINGFIELD, WA, 22161 _ |,



I want you to know also that at yesterday's hearing, the strikers' spokesman
presented the case of Soumane Toure, the secretary general of their
confederation who is allegedly under a national and international arrest
warrant which the group concerned demand to be annulled.

There are some underlying subtleties there that those of us who are
uninitiated in legal and judicial knowledge failed to grasp.

As a matter of fact, after obtaining some information, it seems to be an
exaggeration to speak of an “arrest warrant" in the case we are considering.

For such a warrant to be issued, there must of necessity be an indictment.
Only the examining magistrate has the authority to issue it and, moreover,
the dossier must be presented to him, and the offense must be punishable
by at least 2 years in prison.

Until fuller information is received, therefore, it does not seem that the
situation was rightly assessed at the time of these occurrences.

Most likely then, there was an investigation notice against the individual
concerned--national and international--an administrative procedure, when all
is said and done, and not an arrest warrant, something which lies strictly
in the domain of the judicial branch.

How complicated all this judicial juggling is, but there are legal concepts

here with which citizens must become familiar for the better defense of
their rights. '

9824
cso: 3419/35

42



ANGOLA

DIFFICULTIES AFFECT BENGUELA FISHING SECTOR
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 23 Sep 82 p 3

(Text7 Benguela is one of the four major maritime fishing
centers on the Angolan coast, one of the richest fishing
regions in the world. The Benguela sea holds high-quality
fish and shellfish--as do the other Angolan fishing regions~-
within the internationally accepted 200-mile coastal limit.

Rational use of Benguela's wealth in fish will make it possible, without
endangering the species, to supply not only the province itself but the domes—
tic market, at least the market within its jurisdiction (Huambo, Bie and
Moxico provinces), the coffee-producing provinces and those which market their
products in the countryside.

Before independence, the development of the sector was basically aimed at
the industrial processing of fish--80 percent of the catch, including such
bottom fish as grouper, maigre, floutder and others--into fish flour and oil.

Establishment of an efficient network and a solid canning industry was given
secondary consideration.

The mass flight of cadres around the time of national independence also affec-
ted the sector. Moreover, most of the fishing boats left the country with
their owners. The onshore structures--those which had not been run down by the
colonialists--were sabotaged or destroyed at the time of the South African
invasion of Angola in mid-1975.

Fishing Sector Recovers

The fishing sector in the province is unbeatable, despite the many problems it
faces. Proof positive: the planned catch for the first half of this year
(17,469 tons) for the state, private and cooperative sectors was exceeded by
945.9 tons.

The state sector in the province currently has a fleet of about 37 vessels,
classified by the major fishing techniques: trawlers, purse seiners, tuna
boats and shrimp boats.

These vessels are not always operational.



In the joint declaration of 4 February 1982, the Angolan and Cuban govern-
ments reiterated their readiness to repatriate the internationalist forces
as soon as the RPA was relieved of tte direct threats against its national
sovereignty and territorial integrity.

The United Nations, which holds the legitimate mandate over Namibia, deter-—
mined that the implementation of Resolution 435 must be accompanied by the
gradual withdrawal of the South African troops, down to 1,500 men, before
holding free elections supervised by the United Nations itself, as the final
phase of the transitional process for the independence of the territory.

However, the Pretoria regime, encouraged by the United States, rejects this
plan and has made it known that no international agreement regarding Namibia
will have its consent as long as Cuban troops remain in Angola.

Incongruously, in August 1981 South African Prime Minister Pieter Botha de-
clared in Pretoria that the presence of Cuban troops in Angola "did not repre-
sent a threat to South Africa," and added that his government did not con-
sider the withdrawal of these forces as a prior condition for the resolution

of the Namibian problem. As Foreign Relations Minister Paulo Jorge recently
observed: "Only a few months later, in April or May, the Pretoria regime began
to function as a sounding board" for the U.S. demand to link the presence of
the Cuban internationalist forces to the Namibian problem as a way of delaying
that territory's rise to independence.

In this way, the South African authorities blocked the negotiations on the
future of Namibia and are manipulating international public opinion, seeking
to make Angola responsible for the present impasse, when in fact it is the
presence of /South African/ troops in Namibia and in Angola's Cunene Province
that, being illegal and contrary to the principles that govern international
relations, prevents a swift solution based on Resolution 435.

South Africa is thus conducting a slanderous campaign against Angola, but

what is actually at issue is the military occupation of Namibia: and of a por+
tion of Angolan territory. It is this which calls for the most vehement con-
demnation and a demand for its immediate cessation.

It is not Angola but South Africa which opposes the decolonization of Namibia,
still under military occupation and’economic domination, against the will

of the Namibian people and in flagrant disregard of the decisions adopted by
the United Nations.

The Angolan Government will continue to respect.the internationally recognized
principles that govern relations among the several states, and hence it will
facilitate the implementation of the UN decisions. At the same time, however,
it will reject any interference in its internal affairs and will not submit
to external pressure of any kind that would mean a virtual abandonment of its
present stand on principle. (ANGOP)

6362
CSO: 3442/4



The choices are now obvious, and the path is open for the great rally of all
Reunion men and women who want to work together to fight the extremists and
work to develop the country.

The union of the Left should become the basis of this great rally which should
include, in-addition to the political groups of the Left other trends of
thought and personalities who are dedicated to change and ready to support the
policy of the government and of the President of the Republic.

In the spirit of his solemn declaration on 12 May 1981, the PCR Central Com-
mittee calls on all the workers, the unemployed, servants, small and medium-
sized planters, small and medium-sized merchants, artisans, fishers, youth, the
middle classes (intellectual workers, organizers)...to prepare everywhere for
this great rally, which is the sole guarantee of success for the necessary

and hoped for change.

Port, 7 July 1982

For the Central Committee

of the Reunion Communist Party
Secretary Elie Hoarau

Paul Verges’ Statement
Saint Denis TEMOIGNAGES in French 10-11 Jul 82 p 2

(Article by Paul Verges: "Hope Changing to Confidence and Commitment to the
Future!

[Text] Paul Verges, general secretary of the Reunion
Communist Party, presently in France for the session of
the European Parliament, sent the following statement
to TEMOIGNAGES yesterday:

The 7 July announcement by the Council of Ministers of the decision of the
President of the Republic with respect to the adaptation to Reunion, as to
other DOM, of the decentralization law, has just confirmed for the Reunion
people how right they were to vote 14 months ago, on 10 May 1981, for the
leftist candidate for the presidency of the republic. The president of the
republic has just displayed the candidate's fidelity to his program.

This fidelity answers the expectations of the 60,000 Reunion men and women--
who for several weeks have been individually expressing their support to the
President. Hope is turning into confidence and commitment for the future.

The Time for Responsibility
For the first time since 1946, the people of Reunion see possibilities of
real change in their siutation and on this basis can and should start a vast

revival movement in Reunion. The time for responsibility with all that this
entails of rights and duties, can begin.

38



Front Members’ Speeches
Tananarive MADAGASCAR-MATIN in French 23 Jul 82 pp 1, 2, 4

(Hrticle: "Front Members to MONIMA KA MIVIOMBIO Congress in Toliara: ‘We
Must Unite'"/

f(Text7 One of Madagascar's oldest political parties, the MONIMA KA MIVIOMBIO
of Monja Jaona who is the dean of the Supreme Revolutionary Council, is pre-
sently holding its 11th regular national congress at its headquarters in
Sanfilo-Toliara. During the official opening ceremony of this congress on
Tuesday 20 July last, Rakoto Ignace, the minister of higher education and
scientific research put forward the necessity of the revolutionaries uniting
for the good of the nation. First he spoke of the fact that both Monja Jaona
(who has devoted his life to Madagascar) and Didier Ratsiraka (who is
constantly working for the good of this country) are in the same boat and are
working for the same objectives, namely: for the Democratic Republic of
Madagascar to be a nation-worthy of its sovereignty.

After Supreme Councillor Arsene Ratsifehera spoke on behalf of the AKFM/KDRSM,
his colleague:s:Solo Norbert Andriamorsata emphasized the fact that UDECMA
always cooperated with MONIMA KA MIVIOMBIO. "During the events of 1971," he
said, "the authorities also searched my house." And’ the UDECMA leader con-
sidered MONIMA KA MIVIOMBIO a brotherly and friendly party. "We helped each
other in the fields, we did not forget each other in prison." In conclusion,
the CSR Solo Norbert Andriamorasata said: "Reform of the National Front for the
the Defense of the Revolution has presently become more than a.necessity be-
cause it is not playing the role expected from it."

Speaking on behalf of the party, Vonjy Iray Tsy Mivaky, the Supreme Councillor
to Radio Celestin focused his speech on the necessity of cooperation between
the political parties in order for our economic situation to be able to improve.

Although he had attended this opening ceremony Supreme Councillor Remanindry
Jaona charged Fontana of his party MONIMA Socialist Group (VSM) to explain
the fact that even if there are a few divergences between his party and Monja
Jaona's, we should no longer think of anything but the nation's interests.
, And he continued, "The entire Malagasy people expect many things from this
congress."

As for the MFM/MFT representative, he emphasized the fact that, while his party
chose the acronym "NDAO" (let's get down to business) asa shogan, it is
because it found that the Malagasy Socialist Revolution as it was passed in
1974 tends to deviate from its objective. "So," he continued, "we ask to
cooperate with all political forces of the country in order for the Revolution
to be truly able to triumph."

And before the national president of MONIMA KA MIVIOMBIO spoke, a representa—
tive of the Association of Students of Malagasy Origin (AEOM) declared, "Con-
sidering the place which the MONIMA Party occupies in Malagasy political life,
all progressive forces of the entire world are expecting a great deal from
this congress."

26



Zambia

UNIP SECRETARY GENERAL DISCUSSES HIS GOALS

East Berlin HORIZONT in German No 35 Supplement to 23 Aug 82
pp 14-15

fPrticle by Helga Witte7

[Text7

Long before our conversation turned to Humphrey Mulemba's
curriculum vitae and political development, I had an over-
whelming impression: The Secretary General of the Zambian
United National Independence Party (UNIP) appears to be one

of those politicians who has been formed by the school of life
rather than by formal rules. The objective and wise manner in
which he characterizes and evaluates the current difficult world
political situation, as well as his concise, apt formulations
and the direct acknowledgement of the common responsibility of
all individuals who think progressively and humanistically
rapidly intensify this first impression.

As in almost every political conversation during these weeks,

we turned to the persistent Israeli aggression against the Leba-
nese people and Tel Aviv's barbarian campaign of elimination di-
rected against the Palestinian Liberation Organization. "This
is expansionism and mass murder," said the Zambian politician.
And his rhetorical question regarding Israel's suoport in the
situation was immediately followad by the reply: “Imperialism --
and the United States. Nothing would be easier for Washington
than to stop the Israelis if it were so desired.”

Long-Term Relationships between the UNIP and the 5E0

Humphrey Mulemba, at the head of a UNIP delegation, has been on
an official visit in our republic for several days by invitation
of the Secretary General of the CC of the SED and Chairman of the
National Council of the GOR, Erich Honecker. He spoke of the
long-term relationship between the parties and people of the GOR
and Zambia.

43



the Malagasy students in France (AEOM /Association of Students of Malagasy
Origin/). The members of the congress also examined the telegram from the
AREMA general secretary, Didier Ratsiraka, who, among others, sent his wishes
for success to the 11th congress on this occasion. The proceedings of the
congress, which were preceded by a procession of militants through the

city, will come to a close next Sunday.

The 11th National Congress of MONIMA KA MIVIOMBIO opened yesterday in Toliara
with its leader Monja Jaona, dean of the Supreme Revolutionary Council, pre-
siding and in the presence of representatives of the revolutionary government
and the political groups which belong to the FNDR /National Front for the
Defense of the Revolutionf/ as well as numerous militants whom MONIMA numbers
throughout the country.

Monja Jaona's party no longer requires introduction, considering the role it
plays on the national political scene. There was'a time when he left the
"Front" for "political reasons" which Monja Jaona has explained on many
occasions. In response to the appeal by President Didier Ratsiraka, who also
heads the National Front for the Defense of the Revolution, MONIMA joined the
latter with a certain conviction of contributing suggestions capable of
contributing to the progress of national affairs.

During a round table organized by the Catholic daily newspaper’ LAKROA in
Fianarantsoa, Monja Jaona revealed that this congress which is presently being
held in Toliara will particularly have the task of thoroughly studying the
problems of maintaining supplies in the interest of the working masses who,
incidently, constitute the majority within MONIMA. "Maintaining supplies has
become a political pretext used by certain individuals to shameful ends," the
national president of MONIMA is supposed to have said on this occasion, not
failing to call for national awareness to foil all the sordid maneuvers sur-
rounding the maintenance of supplies for once and for all.

This congress will also be an occasion for the MONIMA militants to define
their position on the presidential elections which will probably take place
next November. Although Law 82-020 of 26 June last stipulates in Article 6
the freedom of every citizen of the RDM (Democratic Republic of Madagascar/

to run in this national high level contest, once he has been vouched for by one
or more revolutionary groups belonging to the Front, the political observers
think, however, that Monja Jaona's MONIMA will come out in favor of Didier
Ratsiraka's candidacy to the post of president of the republic. Furthermore,
the same observers refer to Monja Jaona'slast election on his return from the
People's Republic of China to support their argument. Whatever the case,
MONIMA's adoption of a position would "come with" conditions in conformity with
this party's political line.

We also note that this national congress of MONIMA KA MIVIOMBIO which will
be officially brought to a close on Sunday will not fail to vote for motions
of a political, economic, social and cultural nature before defining its
position on the international situation.

25



Organized do-it-yourself construction, which is constantly preached, is sel-
dom obeyed. The undisciplined profusion of huts, sometimes in almost
inaccessible labyrinths, is tending to increase.

This overpopulation not only has negative effects on urbanization, health and
so on. The city, generally industrial, cannot absorb all the unskilled
laborers.

Their integration into the urban society is not so easy as they had thought.
The new inhabitants are going to find aspects and structures totally different
from their own, new customs as yet unknown to them. And when this integration
is frustrated, it is not rare for the new resident to turn to crime to insure
his very survival. The view of an easy life impels him to theft and specula-
tion. It is understandable that the crime rate, particularly juvenile
delinquency, is increasing year by year.

Simply focusing attention on the self-constructéon program is not the
solution, however. What is necessary, and has already beenidirected, is to
create the minimum conditions in the countryside and to send the unemployed
manpower in the cities back to the rural zones where it is needed, because
agriculture is the basis for the development of the People's Republic of
Angola.

6362
cso: 3442/4



The state budget has improved its position since the dismal years 1977-1978.
Total ordinary revenues increased to 408.7 billion CFA in 1981, or 44 per-
cent of the GDP [gross domestic product], while expenditures (apart from
loan repayments) marked 309.2 billion, or 33 percent of the GDP.

Foreign loans reached 18.2 billion only in 1981; this clearly demonstrates
government action in favor of austerity and sound budgetary management.
Thus, in 1981, the burden of debt represented 16.6 percent of the GDP, or
the equivalent of 155 billion (a 20 billion increase compared to forecasts
because of fluctuations in the exchange rates of the dollar, the mark and
the yen).

The development budget is increasing steadily: 90.3 billion CFA in 1979,
92 in 1980, 135 in.1981. The share of investments in the total budget is
30.3 percent, 27.5 percent and 31.8.percent, for these three key years in
turn; however, their rate of realization is only on. the order of 85 per-
cent, because of administrative delays.

The Dollar and the Franc

have been influenced by the American policy of high interest rates (the
high price of amortizing the public debt payable in dollars) and by the
devaluation of the French franc (increase in the prices of Gabonese imports
outside the free zone).

The total amount of money in circulation increased only slightly in 1980-
1981, from 143.6 to 155.5 billion CFA. Paper money reached a ceiling at
about 35 billion while total available funds increased by 22 percent.
Increasing monetarization of the Gabonese economy. may be deduced from this,
the "log" explains.

Representative money has distinctly progressed from 51.4 percent in 1980 to
68.2 billion CFA in 1981, while quasi-money registered an 11 percent drop
for the same period.

The balance of payments showed a good surge in 1980: +20.3 billion, and
the estimated results for money and credit in 1981 put its balance on the
same level. A basic element of this aggregate, the trade balance, will
probably reach 373.8 billion in 1981, with a strong concentration of
exchanges in relation to France, which purchases 32 percent of Gabonese
exports and supplies 60.6 percent of our imports.

The rate of coverage of imports to exports dropped slightly in 1981 (272
percent) because of the fact that foreign purchases are continuing to
advance while, as we saw in the first section, exports sagged very
appreciably.

Finally, a few words on the prices presented by the "log." The evolution
of wholesale (113 articles) and retail (125 local articles suitable for
low-income households arid 155 articles, generally imported, suitable for
high incomes) indicates an upward trend which seems to accelerate in 1981.
A 13.2 percent increase is expected for African-type products, and a figure
close to 12 percent for European-type products.

9380

cso: 4719/1225

16



Many ordinary whites still believe that Ian Smith will one day return to "right
the wrongs" of the present two-year-old government. Few have adjusted to the
changed circumstances, and so immigrate [as received].

Most of those remaining feel robbed of their property--Rhodesia--and still
refer to themselves as Rhodesians. When any white mentions "Zimbabwe," he is
either trying to impress you or ingratiate himself with those in power. He
stubbornly calls cities and towns by their old names to register his disapproval
of the changes.

There are so many hypocricies, a casual visitor to the country could easily be
fooled into thinking that whites are cooperating with the system. Most whites
in government circles maintain, at best, an attitude of indifference to black
advancement in the public service,

The private sector is overwhelmingly controlled by whites, who are the largest
employers of labour. But according to President Canaan Banana, these companies
carry out "window dressing promotions," by giving blacks "important" positions
without commensurate responsibilities.

When asked sometime ago what was his greatest achievement in his two years in
office, Robert Mugabe's reply was "peace and stability." To most observers,

however, the prime minister still has the gigantic task of making the whites
and the blacks in his country interact and regard themselves as equal citizens.

cso: 3400/138

53



Party Is Not a Club

He also criticized the work style of some cells. "Instead of working with
the masses, they close ranks and form a club for party members. Since there
is no connection with the masses, they lose confidence in the party.

"We know many cells function without a program or organization, with no view
of the tasks and no one in charge of them. The cell is barely able to carry
out a few sporadic tasks. Therefore, we must encourage the habit of planned
work and teach cells to make a plan and fulfill it."

Jorge Rebelo stressed that if we combat infiltration, make the secretariats
dynamic, set up planning systems and supervise the completion of tasks,
"we will take a giant stride so that the. cells will not have to be dragged
along and the party may be profoundly revitalized through the dynamism of
its rank-and-file structures."

Finding Solutions

When he introduced the general presentation of the theses, he said that
ultimately they are “our party's strategy and tactics for the major problems
facing our country." These problems must be experienced daily by the cells
which must help solve them at their level, thereby playing a major role. In
order that each Mozambican may participate actively and consciously in the
major national tasks, all the people must understand the party's outlook
for solving the country's problems.

9479
cso: 3442/10

33



MOZAMBIQUE

SEMINAR ON INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION OPENS IN MAPUTO
"Solidarity, Not Charity’
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 28 Sep 82 p 1

[Excerpts] Minister of Planning Mario Machungo spoke at length yesterday

at the opening of the Seminar on International Cooperation held in Maputo
about the need for establishing bases to further the RPM's [People's Republic
of Mozambique] work with international cooperation. Under the chairmanship
of Marcelino dos Santos, secretary for economic policy of the party Central
Committee, the seminar plans to study the lessons learned in the area of
international cooperation from the successes achieved and errors committed.

Solidarity and Not Charity

Minister of Foreign Affairs Joaquim Chissano subsequently analyzed the
evolution of our country's international policy since the struggle for
national liberation.

In his speech, Joaquim Chissano clearly defined our country's priorities
for cooperation at all levels, emphasizing that our policy is to create
more friends and not enemies.

In turn, Marcelino dos. Snatos went over the history of FRELIMO's trading
methods during the armed struggle, defining them as moments of cooperation
during the armed struggle for national liberation.

"We affirmed our resolution and determination when we began traderelations.
We accept solidarity and not charity," concluded Marcelino dos Santos.

In the meeting which will be continued tomorrow, various ministers are
participating: Rui Baltazar, minister of finances; Julio Carriho, minister
of public works and housing; Prakash Ratilal, minister of the Bank of
Mozambique; Pascoal Mocumbi, minister of health; Aranda da Silva, minister
of home trade, plus national directors and other party and government
officials.

34



ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

IMPORTED FOODS--President Kaunda has appealed to Zambians to fight dependence
on imported food, because it is the worst form of colonialism. Describing
food as the heart of all cultures, the president said the food bomb was the
tragedy of the 80's and that Zambians must attain self-sufficiency if they
were to have national integrity. Dr Kaunda made the remarks at Lusaka's
Hotel Intercontinental where he officiated at an exhibition of local food
and a buffet dinner organized by the cultural services department of the
Ministry of General Education and Culture last night. He said the nation
should be independent in food in the same way as it attained political
independence. The world today, he said, was a poor place in food because
the nations which (?possess) it throw their weight about in front of hungry
people and use their food strength to force others to toe their line.
Therefore, he went on, Zambians must produce enough food locally and should
not be casting their hungry eyes on the plates of people in other countries.
The president also called for the popularization of Zambian dishes at homes
and hotels as one of the ways of asserting national culture and promoting
good health, [Excerpt] [MB250755 Lusaka Domestic Service in English

0600 GMT 25 Oct 82]

cso: 3400/150

49



yesterday at 1800 hours in the III Congress Hall was Comrade Marcelino
Moreira, from the PAIGC Central Committee, who priefly highlighted the im-
portance of this politicocultural act within the framework of the coopera-
tive relations existing between our two youth organizations, on the basis
of signed documents. Also present at the ceremony were several national
political figures as well as some members of the diplomatic corps accredited
in Bissau. During their stay, the youth delegation will visit some histor-
ical places connected with our struggle for freedom, notably, the Mores
section. They are also to visit Bafata, birthplace of our lamented leader,
Comrade Amilcar Cabral. [Text] [Bissau NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 11 Sep 82
p 8] 8870

CSO: 3442/1

22



In spite of the Mugabe government's efforts to build a harmonious, multi-racial
society, and his reconciliation policy, which almost borders on white appeasement,

most of the remaining 160,000 whites have failed to reconcile with the new
dispensation.

Recently, a white woman visited a private clinic in the central town of
Chegutu (formerly Norton), and instead of waiting in the reception room like
others, stood outside because the others were black. She insisted on being
given preference because she could not be expected to sit in the reception
room. Of course, the Yugoslav doctor in charge of the clinic, told her to
look for a doctor elsewhere. There was yet another case of a white woman who
"abused" a black cabinet minister during a public argument.

The few white liberals are confronted with open hostility by their compatriots.
A white farmer in the farming community of Mandizudre (formerly Melseter) was
ex-communicated by the town's white population for joining the ruling party.
Yet, another incident was that of a former prime minister of the country,

Mr Garfield Todd, 74, who was scorned by other whites when he donated

1,215 hectares of land to the government to resettle disabled freedom fighters.

Mr Mugabe's socioeconomic policies cannot be accepted by most. of the whites
because they are gradually eroding their elitist privileges. Sometimes,
forgetting that they are discussing with blacks from other African countries,
whites complain: "Nowadays the hospitals and the post offices are inefficient
because they are filled with unskilled and lazy workers."

Visit any of the white-owned shops, which account for more than 85 per cent of
the commercial enterprises in the principal cities when the manager discovers
through your accent or by your clothes that you are not Zimbabwean, he warms
to you. And this first question will invariably be: "How long have you been
in Zimbabwe?" Then he fires his favourite one: "What do you think of

Mr Mugabe's government?" If you tell him of the prime minister's admirable
handling of the country's complex problems, he loses interest and changes his
hitherto friendly stance.

He then tries to reverse your views about the government by narrating a litany
of woes. He talks about the educational standard which he claims is lowering,
the shortage of some essential commodities, which he will fail to explain are
created by some of his kinsmen in their attempt to obtain huge profits, and
even discredit the black government,

Argue with him and next time you visit his shop, he will ignore you and send one
of his black assistants to serve you.

But if you agree with his prejudices you may get some reductions on your
purchases.

Though the government has succeeded in de-segregating a number of institutions,
some exclusive clubs still exist. They are superficially multi-racial, but
membership requirements are so stringent that it is almost impossible for most
blacks to join. In Harare, Bulawayo, Mutare and other major cities, it is

not uncommon to see only white participants at sporting events.

52



JPRS 82192

8 November 1982

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2717
CoNTENTS
ANGOLA
Rural Exodus Problem Seriously Affects Agriculture
(Jaime Azulay; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 23 Sep 82) .......+0- 1
Ambassador to Cuba Speaks on Cuban Troops
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 23 Sep 82) ..sscccecceseeesecsecees 3
Responsibility for Namibia Delay Disclaimed :
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 23 Sep 82) .scssececesecececcecece 4
Difficulties Affect Benguela Fishing Sector
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 23 Sep 82) ..ssccececscecsceccsoeee 6
Briefs
High FAPLA Official Meeting 9
CHAD
Briefs
Expulsion of Belgian Religious 10
CONGO
French Cooperation To Increase After Mitterrand's Visit
(Philippe Decraene; LE MONDE, 13 Oct 82) ..sssseeeeeee 11
Economic Situation in 1981, 1982 Prospects Noted
(Jean Bilinga; L'UNION, various dates) ....sseeeeeeees 13
GAMBIA
Briefs
Trade Statistics 17
GHANA
Italian Delegation Arrives, Seeks Joint Ventures
(Accra Domestic Service, 25 Oct 82) wcsescceeceeceens 18
-a- [III - NE & A - 120]



UPPER VOLTA

LEGAL FATE OF STRIKERS OUTLINED
Ouagadougou L'OBSERVATEUR in French 24-26 Sep 82 p 8
[Article: "Remarks by Passek-Teale. A Letter for Laye."]

[Excerpts] Two weeks ago, dear Wambi, I gave you an account of the strikers'
trial last 14, 15 and 16 April.

At the time I arranged to meet you this Friday since the matter had been
assigned for private consideration for Thursday 23 September.

Well, the verdict was given yesterday. The court announced 17 acquittals
and 65 convictions with a CFA FR 10,000 (Fr 10,000) fine with suspended
execution of sentence.

I remind you that the Department of the Public Prosecutor had asked for the
acquittal of a group of 18 people who had denied any participation in the
strike, and the penalty of a fine for the remainder of the 82 detainees who
had admitted having taken part with full knowledge of the situation.

The court therefore moved in the same direction, with one exception:
there where 17, not 18, acquittals.

This may be explained by the fact that among the 18 there was one quite
special case, that of Ahmadou Triande, who admitted having gone on strike
the first day before changing his mind the following days.

That is to say that as far as he is concerned, the offense is nevertheless
committed.

Those guilty have a 15 day respite to make an appeal; but at the time of
writing I did not know if some or all of them would take advantage of this
right.

You would certainly like to know what is meant by the suspended execution of
sentence. Roughly speaking, it means that the sentence would automatically
go into effect if, within a 5 year period, those declared guilty repeated
the same offense.

41



Will must replace resignation, a spirit of initiative must replace the welfare
mentality on all levels.

It is at this price that workers, the unemployed, women and youth, artisans,
merchants, public servants and intellectuals must take their place in a more
balanced economy and a less unequal society.

A Very Obvious Choice

The head of state,’ who is the guardian of the Constitution, has made a logi-
cal, good-sense decision: Reunion is a department; Reunion is also a region.
These two territorial organizations have the same geographical boundaries of an
island of 2,500 square kilometers and of 500,000 inhabitants. It is only
natural for them to be managed by a single proportionally elected assembly.
Here common law links up with logic, good sense and political equity.

The decision of the president of the republic clarifies the situation and
should redistribute the maps on the political scene in Reunion. Each politi-
cian henceforth faces a very obvious choice.

An Increasingly Smaller Group

The extremists who see the end of their political. provileges coming and others
who try to fight a last battle while attempting to have it believdd that there
is a risk of separation and of being dropped. They will soon be the only

ones to think so or to pretend to think so.

The Constitution, the will of the president of the republic and the leftist
government and especially the will of the people of Reunion themselves con-
stitute the best guarantees against these lies and these criticisms made by an
increasingly smaller group of politicians. These latters’ future is now
behind them.

The Path of Union

The politicddns as well as the people of Reunion who sincerely want the develop-
ment of their country and who feel that the institutions of decentralization at
the commune, department and regional levels are finally providing the

political and financial means for assuring the island's development with the
support of the government and the president of the republic, should take the
path of coalition in order to concentrate and coordinate their efforts.

For each party, organization, current of thought. or personality, it is a
question of remaining itself and, at the same time, of trying to find the
bases for an agreement which is acceptable to everyone and which is capable of
rallying the maximum number of Reunion people to economic development, social
progress and cultural expansion.

An Oppressive Heritage

In such a rally, on a precise program, there is no question of hegemony to be
overcome or exercised.

39



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

HIGH FAPLA OFFICIAL MEETING--Defense Minister Pedro Maria Tonha (Pedale),
member of the party Political Bureau, is leading the proceedings of the
meeting of leaders of the FAPLA (Armed Forces for the Popular Liberation of
Angola) being held in Luanda to analyze the progress of operational, politi-
cal and combat training in the 1982 instruction period. The opening session
of the meeting, which began yesterday in the conference room of the Engineer-
ing Laboratory of Cols Antonio Franco (Ndalu) and Paiva Domingos da Silva,
both vice ministers of defense; Lt Col Francisco Magalhaes Paiva (Nvunda),
chief of national political direction of the FAPLA; Lt Col Augusto Alfredo
(Orlog), general commander of the MGPA (Angolan People's Navy); and Cuban and
Soviet advisors. The participants will spend 2 days evaluating the degree

to which the decisions of the meeting held last’ March have been implemented
and determining measures to be taken, as well as assigning tasks to increase
the combat readiness and capacity of the armed forces in the 1982/1983 train-
ing year. Taking part in the meeting, which should end tomorrow, are all

the chiefs of departments of the Ministry of Defense and the Armed Forces
General Staff, as well as officials of the armed forces branches and the mili-
tary regions. /Text/ /Tuanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 23 Sep 82 pp 1, 47
6362

cso: 3442/4



ZIMBABWE

"NEWS AGENCY OF NIGERIA’ ANALYZES RACIAL ATTITUDES
AB231209. Lagos NAN in English 1110 GMT 23 Oct 82

[NAN feature article: "Persisting Racial Attitudes in Zimbabwe" by Adewale Fatona:
NAN correspondent in Harere]

[Text] The young man walked confidently into the hotel for an evening's relaxa-
tion just after the day's business. Accompanied by his wife and their three-year
old son, he greeted almost every guest and ordered drinks.

The family was soon joined by friends who, like the Makonis, are black Zimbabweans,
The conversation was lively and the mood was bouyant, because 29 months ago

blacks had no right to wine and dine in Harere's Kamfinsa Park Hotel, one of

the exclusive white rendezvous in Ian Smith's Rhodesia.

Minutes later, Charles Makoni trespassed: He took his son to the "whites only"
section of the hotel, and was promptly pushed out by a burly black waiter,
ostensibly carrying out the instructions of the white management, Charging
later into the "blacks only" section, where he had been seated comfortably
earlier, his mood changed dramatically.

"When will Rhodesia truly become Zimbabwe?" the young man demanded. Some of his
friends joined in the chorus of protests.

Spoiling for a right, they complained that continued white arrogance was as a
result of Prime Minister Robert Mugabe's total reconciliation policy of "forgive
and forget."

But the same burly waiter had unsuccessfully challenged this writer to take off
his "kube" cap. He was silenced later, when he was shown a white man wearing a
victorian-looking hat, and whose peace he dared not disturb.

There are no "whites only" or "blacks only" signs in public places in Zimbabwe,
not even in the Kamfinsa Park, But incidents like the one at the hotel are
still common. The majority of white Zimbabweans still find the advent of

black rule a bitter pill to swallow, and so react in negative ways to the changed
sociopolitical situation. To the ordinary white, majority rule is an evil.

So he quickly finds fault with it and blames it for everything, from inflation

to drought.

51



CONGO

FRENCH COOPERATION TO INCREASE AFTER MITTERRAND'S VISIT
Paris LE MONDE in French 13 Oct 82 p 6

[Article by special correspondent Philippe Decraene: "After Mr Mitterrand's
Visit, Cooperation With Paris Will Be Increased"]

[Excerpt] Brazzaville--"I am not a Marxist, though," was Mr Francois
Mitterrand's answer, late on Monday morning, 11 October, at the Brazzaville
city hall, to a question asked to him at the press conference that marked
the end of his official visit to Congo. Pronounced ina capital where the
leaders remain faithful to scientific socialism orthodoxy, these words could
have seemed unusual; apparently, they shocked nobody. Quite on the contrary,
their charmed most listeners, as they emphasized the desire of Congo's offi-
cial guest to preserve his own freedom of action as scrupulously as he in-
tends to preserve that of others.

The president of the Republic answered in the same vein to someone who asked
him about the competition in which France and Eastern bloc countries are said
to be engaged in Congo: "I am not trying to align the nonaligned. (...) Ido
not feel that I am here competing with anybody. (...). African states have to
look everywhere for their development; besides, alone we could not meet their
demand (...)."

In the same spirit, condemning, Monday morning, the invasion of Afghanistan
by the Soviet Union, as he had already done at an official dinner the day
before, in his toast to the president of the Congolese Republic, he said:
“We each retain our freedom of action."

During his long one-hour conversation with the press, Mr Mitterrand mentioned
the preservation of peace in these words: "We do not have the intention, nor
the means, to send our own army to restore peace, but France is playing an
active role in international society (...)." Asked about the threat which
the Soviet Union represents to stability in the world, he answered, referring
to the two superpowers: "They threaten each other, this is the very nature of
their relation," and invited his partners to stop "worrying about the French
army, which is a purely defensive army (...)."

11



JPRS 82192

8 November 1982

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2717

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE



MOZAMBIQUE

REBELO ON FRELIMO THESES: ‘PARTY NOT A CLUB"
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 29 Sep 82 p 1

[Excerpts] The Seminar on the Study of the Fourth Congress Theses has been
in session in the capital of the country since yesterday. Jorge Rebelo,
Central Committee secretary for ideological matters, urged the dozens of
militants at this meeting to be completely open "dispensing with certain
formalities to get frankly and directly at our party's problems." Jorge
Rebelo stressed the need primarily to make party cells more dynamic so they
will play a major role at their level and "not be dragged along."

At the opening session, the Political Bureau member spoke before the general
presentation of the theses in order to discuss some domestic problems faced
by the party.

“We do not study the theses just to be familiar with them. We do it to
solve certain problems.

"Poor functioning of the cells and party organization district structures
is our party's main problem today. We must realize that most of our
cells are not functioning."

Passivity

That Political Bureau member said that when the party was initially
structured, people were proposed for membership who did not have a genuine
desire to belong and therefore they are not dedicated now. "Others applied
for membership because they were opportunistic and believed that party
members had privileges and as they knew how to pretend to have good
qualities, they were admitted. We are dealing with a situation of
infiltration."

Jorge Rebelo also mentioned that conflicts "which have arisen frequently
between the secretaries of the cells and the administrative boards of firms
almost prevent the party from functioning in places of wor ." He said that
some administrative boards did this by invoking demagogically our own
principles like the one that party members will be the last to benefit.

32



In view of these developments, the GRAPHIC makes it clear that the whole world
now knows that it is the United States and its friend South Africa which stand
in the way of Namibian independence. The paper considers the insistence on
the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola strange considering the number of
troops other Western countries have in other areas. It points out that
rhetorics about human rights are. cheaper on the United States market than
anywhere else. But on this occasion of remembering the ideals of the

United Nations, the indignity of the millions of people still under apartheid
bondage in Namibia and South Africa cries for attention. Africa's stand on
Namibia is clear, says the GRAPHIC, It is the turn of the so-called friends
of Africa to allow the people of Namibia to be free.

CSO: 3400/147

20



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed, Where no processing indicator is given, -the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
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"If my visit has been successful and the discussion productive,
especially with Erich Honecker, it is not last because rela-
tionships between our two parties, the UNIP and the SED, are
close and firm. They are much older than our national indepen-
dence. From the start, our cooperation has been based on trust."
The Secretary General continued, "Our talks have been so useful
because all problems of mutual interest, both international and
bilateral, were discussed thoroughly and honestly. I am happy

to say that our views concur on all of the problems considered."

This also applies to the evaluation of the situation in southern
Africa. The Secretary General drew parallels between imperialist
policy in the Near Fast and in the area of southern Africe. The
latter constitutes "a repetition and expansion of imperialist
activity in the Near and Middle East." It is only that in the

south of the African continent, imperialist maneuvers are compounded
by the specific nature of racism. "The potential danger of an in-
ternational confrontation in South Africa is great. That makes

the situation especially complicated," said Humphrey Mulemba wor-
viedly.

If South African troops are currently still occupying Namibia

and, under the guise of pursuing Namibian freedom fighters, are
penetrating deep into and occupying Angolan territory, “they

will in the future follow the same course as the Israelis in the
Near and Middle East, and also enter the territory of other border
states," said the UNIP Secretary General. "We will continue to
seek a solution of the Namibia problem and the South African prob-
lems with peaceful means. However, for as long as such a solution
cannot be attained, we will support the armed battle of the free-
dom movements, which are directed toward fighting for independence.
Qur party is totally committed to this.

"We are deeply convinced that there must be talk. However, if
problems cannot be solved by discussion, than the only legitimate
alternative is armed battle for independence. This is mot Fight-
ing for the sake of war. Rather, it is a battle to overcome the
forces that create the conditions for wer, a battle to establish
governments that secure freedom, in the entire area. That is

why we are supporting the struggle for liberation."

"The youth did not want to continue living this way"

Humphrey Mulemba understands the difficulties of fighting for
national independence and for dignified human existence from his
own experience. He vividly remembers the strangle hold of the
British colonial powers on the yield of the rich cooper deposits
in what was previously northern Rhodesia, and the underhanded
methods of the monopolies, even after Zambia became politically
independent, to deprive the young state of income from its natural



Here is a summary of the motions of this 11th regular national congress of
MONIMA KA MIVIOMBIO.

Domestic Policy

At the time of the Referendum of 21 December 1975, the MONIMA Party did its
best to have the "ayes" triumph. After several months, however, the situation

changed.

-Concerning the National Front. for :the Defense of the Revolution, the Consti-
tution of the Democratic Republic of Madagascar states that it handles aspects
of the leadership of the country and that it advises the president of the
republic, the supreme councillor ofthe Revolution and the government,

--The Red Book sets the major principles of the actions of the government in
power. There it is written: "Establishment of a new society based on equality.”

Didier Ratsiraka was elected president of the Democratic Republic of Madagascar
and the MONIMA Party is constantly advising him on the behavior of his
entourage.

Democratic Liberty and the Rights of Man
A power which wants to establish socialism must be supported by the people.
And,

With regard to freedom of expression, the MONIMA Party notes that press
publications cannot say everything and that the RTM [Malagasy Radio and
Television] is only making brief commentaries on some supreme revolutionary
councillors while giving long reports on the travels of others.

Foreign Policy

The MONIMA Party accepts the entry of the Democratic Republic of Madagascar
into the ranks of Nonaligned /countries/ and the application of an open
policy. As for the OAU, it must be a means for Africans to fight against dif-
ferent forms of imperialism.

As far as the Indian Ocean Peace Zone is concerned, the MONIMA Party supports
this idea, and it condemns the establishment of foreign military bases in
any part of the globe. The MONIMA Party moreover condemns the use of arms,
whether nuclear or not.

The MONIMA Party supports the struggles of the Saharan and Namibian people
under the leadership of the Front Polisario and SWAPO, respectively. MONIMA
also condemns Israeli and Libyan aggression in Lebanon and the authoritarian
governments of Latin America. Because of this the MONIMA Party supports the
Palestinian people's struggle under the guidance of the PLO, Salvador, Guate-
mala, Honduras, etc.

28



REUNION

REPORTAGE ON DECENTRALIZATION MOVES

Central Committee Declaration
Saint Denis TEMOIGNAGES in French 9 Jul 82 p 2
[Article by Paul Verges: "Choices Now Obvious’/

ffext7 A single, proportionally elected assembly is not
a break with France.

It is an open path to true development by rallying all of
the country's vital forces

The Central Committee of the Reunion Communist Party /PCR/ met on Wednesday
7 July 1982 and examined the Council of Ministers' decision of that date to
retain the principle of a single, -proportionally elected assembly for each
"poM" foverseas department/.

The Central Committee notes that this announcement has given rise to great
delight among the population and raised great hopes, so eagerly has it been
awaited by all the country's vital forces who want change.

In making this decision the government and the President of the Republic can
count on the active support of tens of thousands of Reunion men and women,
whosé feeling of confidence in change has been considerably strengthened.

This decision by the Council of Ministers concerning the decentralization law
in the DOM enables everyone to experience the lies of the Right, which once
again has not hesitated to speak of the alleged "intention to drop the DOM"
on the part of the government and leftist parties.

Moreover, the PCR Central Committee is drawing the attention of public opinion
to the fact that the ultras, feeling the approach of the end of their undivided
power and their privileges, have expressed their willingness to resort to
violence for the purpose of opposing the application of the government plan to
Reunion. This PCR Central Committee is raising an indignant protest against
such methods and putting the extremists on their guard against any attempt to
carry out these threats of violence, which can only turn against their perpe-
trators or their silent partners.

37



IVORY COAST

BRIEFS

PATROL BOATS--As part of French military cooperation, the Ivory Coast has
received four Ancor-26 patrol boats for the gendarmerie and two Ancor-31's
for the navy. [Excerpts] [Paris AFRIQUE DEFENSE in French Oct 82 p 14]

cso: 3419/91

23



Moreover, the shipyards do not have the capacity to handle their needs and
there have also been problems in acquiring lumber for ship repairs, as well
as replacement parts and spare parts (for ships’ engines), as many of the
vessels are also very old.

“Without shipyardsthere are no ships, and without ships there can be no fish,
which is where all fishing activity begins," provincial fishing delegate
Arnaldo Vasconcelos pointed out.

The problems hampering development of the fishing industry begin in the ship-
yards which, of necessity, should be provided with a reasonable stock of
replacement and spare parts if they are to respond to the demands made on
them.

This has not been the case, since the ATM (Material-Technical Supply), the
agency responsible for supplying accessories and a whole range of parts, is
having serious problems a quiring lumber and basic materials. For their
part, the agents of marine engine /companies/ in the province (Sorel and
Blackwood) experience constant stock shortages.

The vessels are facing a real battle against time, since most of them are
obsolete and require frequent repairs. Many of them do not even have galleys
or enough bunks for the workers to rest in the so-called "dead hours,"

The cold storage system is another major problem. Except for Behguela and
Lobito municipios, which have reasonable infrastructures, the other municipios
and inland provinces are struggling with enormous problems in this area.

Moxico Province, for example, does not have a single cold storage unit, while
in Huambo Province the refrigeration system is shut down except for a few in-
significant centers, and the same is true of Bie. The municipios in the
province, except for Benguela and Lobito, do not all have containers for
preserved fish.

Regarding transportation, the shortage of open trucks, mainly to transport
dried and half-cured fish, is causing bottlenecks in the distribution of
products to other zones, with the result that trucks specifically meant to
transport fresh fish are also being used to transport dried fish.

Canneries Idle for Almost a Year

The canneries located in Benguela are encountering serious problems with the
new equipment which Denmark offered to Angola last year.

Thus the canning factories Empromar Atlantico and Empromar Kapiandalo, although
they have two new production lines, do not have automated packing and canning
machinery, which would be a’'step forward for their complete automation.

According to a local source in the ‘sector, this handicap has compLétely
idled the two companies since October 1981, when the new equipment should



resources. He has not forgotten the political intrigues and
plots of neocolonialism in conjunction with domestic right
bourgeois circles. Zambia has experienced these in all degrees
since 24 October 1964, when the north Rhodesian colony acquired
its national independence and took the name Zambia. Humphrey
Mulemba was one of those who, since his earliest youth, helped
plan new paths and who provided service to the young country.

The current Secretary General is hesitant in responding to the
request to talk about his activities at the time. For him, the
son of a textile maker -- his father, now well over eighty, still
works for a company in the neighboring area of what is now Namibia,
which was previously German Southwest Africa -- those years have
become a piece of history. They were hard but are now over. He
tended to outline the general situation rather than his own per-
sonal one: "On the whole, it was similar here as in other colonies.
Already as students, we came up against the universal injustice.
Regardless whether it was education or agriculture, in nearly all
areas of social interaction, we Africans were considered as second-
class human beings by comparison with the Europeans. The youth

no longer wanted to continue this way. At the time, we received
Quidance and encouragement from various organizations, welfare
groups and societies until the African National Congress of Nor-
thern Rhodesia was finally established in 1948."

Initially, the labor unions formed the membership base of the

ANC. Since the beginning of copper mining in the so-called copper
belt at the beginning of the thirties, they had acquired pertinent
experience in a number of strikes. After completing school, Hum-
phrey Mulemba, who was born in Lusaka in 1932, became a miner in

a@ copper mine. He advanced to become the personal assistant to
the mine supervisor. He immediately turned his activities to
union work and became secretary of the General Workers’ Union.

His political activities caused repeated clashes with the colo-
nial powers who imprisoned him and other unionists in 1959, but
had to let him go a year later. He immediately resumed his poli-
tical activity, this time within the scope of the recently founded
UNIP. The party had developed from the left wing of the ANC and
Mulemba worked as its secretary in the northwestern and eastern
Provinces. He later represented the UNIP in Ghana and in London,
and he returned to Northern Rhodesia in 1953.

"A& that time, many young people became members of the party,”

continued Mulemba. "In the ANC, we had struggled for individual
demands; under the leadership of Kenneth Kaunda, the UNIP then

fought for system-wide changes, including government leadership
by Africans and universal termination of discrimination.”

45



"Qur first concern is agriculture. At present, our attention

is devoted to implementation of the ten-year program from 1980
to 1990, to increase the production of food, which is very in-
adequate, and to raise it to a much more modern level. We need
more food for the population and more raw material for national
industry." That was how the Secretary General outlined the prin-
cipal task facing the party and the country. It was precisely
during these weeks that President Kenneth Kaunda explained the
magnitude of this task in the course of a number of trips to the
interior of the country, and in so doing did not hesitate to
point out the enormous economic problems that the country would
have to overcome in the future as well.

Politician With Influence and Respect

In an anthology of leading political personalities on the con-

tinent, published by members of the African bourgeoisie, Mulemba
is described as a "tough party organizer" and "a politician who
has influence and is respected in the copper belt.”

When asked about his present relationships with the miners in

the “copper belt", the Secretary General of the UNIP talks about

a subject that is very important to him personally, as well as

to the entire party, i.e. to bring about closer ties between the
party and the people. In order to implement this and to combat
misunderstandings and refute false interpretations, Mulemba ap-
peared repeatedly before the unions in the copper belt. The UNIP
does not envisage regimentation of the traditionally strong unions
via its increased activities, but rather cooperation and greater
productivity. In the meantime, the socially and politically mo-
tivated strikes and other protest demonstrations of the unions,
which to some extent are still tainted with the British pattern,
have been calmed. This #esult was achieved not last with Humphrey
Mulemba's calm and convincing manner. He represented the UNIP
policy as one that is directed toward the wellbeing of the people,
and dedicated to the principles of humanism.

To characterize these principles, article 1 (2) of the party
charter states: "Guided by the philosophy of humanism, the party
is the heroic organizer of the revolutionary farmers, workers and
intellectuals and it has maximum power over all the government
organs." Its principal task as well as that of "the working in-
dividuals in the Republic of Zambia" is “to complete the victori-
ous transition from capitalism to humanism vie. socialism." The
goal is the establishment of a "humane society" without exploita-
tion of one human being by another, and the suppression of impe-
rialism, capitalism, colonialism, neocolonialism, fascism and
racism.

This "philosophy of humanism" has been farmec substantially by
the Christian and moral-ethical concepts of President Kaunda.

a7



CHAD

BRIEFS

EXPULSION OF BELGIAN RELIGIOUS--Father Gabriel Claerhout, a Belgian citizen,
was expelled from Chad and left Ndjamena on Friday 8 October for Cameroon, we
learned Sunday from a reliable source in the Chadian capital. Father Claer-
hout is accused of having helped Colonel Kamougue, former vice-president in
Mr Goukouni Oueddei's government and a leader of the South, to flee to Came—
roon after being seriously injured in a plane accident which occurred on

4: September, as he was trying to escape Mr Hissein Habre's partisans. Father
Claerhout gave shelter to Colonel Kamougue during three days. After his
transfer to Ndjamena, Father Claerhout remained a full month in custody at
the central police station before being expelled. [Text] [Paris LE MONDE in
French 12 Oct 82 p 3] 9294

CSO: 3419/65

1o