111056

JPRS-SSA-87-0M

20 FEBRUARY 1987

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

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JPRS-SSA-87-014

20 FEBRUARY 1987

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS

ANGOLA

Ex-Members of 'Counterrevolutionary' Groups Vow Loyalty

(Luanda Domestic Service, 27 Jan 87)

Briefs

Cuban Statistics Delegation Departs 2

Angolan, Algerian Delegations Sign Accord 2

FAPLA Reportedly Killed UNITA Bandits 2

BENIN

Briefs

Seme Oil Field Proposals 3

DJIBOUTI

International Aid for Infrastructure, Energy Development

(FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT, 3 Dec 86) 4

GHANA

Briefs

KENYA

Briefs

Japanese Soft Loan Allocations

LIBERIA

Vice President Lauds Lebanese Cultural Union

(Gabriel Nyanfor; NEW LIBERIAN, 24 Dec 86)

- a -

Luxembourg Assists Electricity Expansion 7

Iran To Supply Oil 7
Coins Arrive To Ease Currency Shortage

(DAILY OBSERVER, 8 Jan 87) 11

Cuba, Poland Donate Books to University of Liberia

(THE MIRROR, 12 Dec 86) 12

Lebanese Cultural Union Donates Food, Clothing

(DAILY STAR, 23 Dec 86) 13

Farmers Urged To Increase Rice Yield

(DAILY OBSERVER, 30 Dec 86) 14

Finance Minister on Sluggishness of Iron Ore Market

(NEW LIBERIAN, 30 Dec 86) 15

MOZAMBIQUE

AIM Director Raises Questions About Machel Inquiry

(Maputo Domestic Service, 23 Jan 87) 17

Minister Speaks on Summit, Machel Crash in Luanda

(Luanda Domestic Service, 27 Jan 87) 19

Former Security Minister Comments on Documents Found in Wreck

(Maputo in English to Southern Africa, 23 Jan 87) 20

Document on Machel Crash Handed Over to Soviet, RSA Teams

(Maputo Domestic Service, 28 Jan 87) 21

AIM Speculates on Injuries to Machel Passengers

(Maputo Domestic Service, 26 Jan 87) 22

'Mystery Radio Signals' Key to Machel Crash

(Maputo in English to Southern Africa, 28 Jan 87) 23

NOTICIAS Questions Pik Botha Veracity

(Maputo Domestic Service, 27 Jan 87) 24

FUMO Declares Support for RENAMO; U.S. Policy Criticized

(0 DIABO, 30 Dec 86) 26

Increasing Internationalization of Armed Conflict Noted

(TEMPO, 31 Dec 86) 29

Religious Groups Urge End to Violence

(NOTICIAS, 27 Dec 86) 32

Moma District Achieving Success in Marketing Campaigns

(Teodosio Angelo; NOTICIAS, 20 Dec 86) 34

- b -
Gaza Province 1985-86 Farm Results Analyzed

(Bento Niquice; NOTICIAS, 23 Dec 86) 37

Outlook Optimistic for Food Production in Tete Province

(Noe Dimande; NOTICIAS, 30 Dec 86) 39

Water Research Station To Be Built in Nhamatanda

(NOTICIAS, 23 Dec 86) 42

PRC Finances Maputo Water Well Drilling Project

(NOTICIAS, 27 Dec 86) 44

Swedish Agency Cooperating in Rural Water Project

(Naftal Donaldo; NOTICIAS, 20 Dec 86) 46

Briefs

Medicines From Italy

Soviet Friendship Visit

TOGO

48

48

GEOMOC Plans Drilling 49

NIGERIA

SFEM Receives Boost From Countertrade

(AFRICA ECONOMIC DIGEST, 13-19 Dec 86) 50

Briefs

Fourth Refinery Construction Begins 51

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

Exiled Leader Discusses Conditions for Return

(Jose Pedro Castanheira, Daniel Ribeiro; 0 JORNAL, 19-

23 Dec 86) 52

SIERRA LEONE

Vice President To Organize Supreme Islamic Body

(BBC World Service, 23 Jan 87) 55

BBC on Student Unrest Among University, Secondary Schools

(BBC World Service, 29 Jan 87) 57

Briefs

Financial Agreements With Japan 58

First PLO Representative Announced 58

National Security Issues Dominate RPT Congress

(AFRICA ECONOMIC DIGEST, 13-19 Dec 86) .. 59

- c -
More Parastatals Scheduled for Privatization

(AFRICA ECONOMIC DIGEST, 13-19 Dec 86) 60

ZAMBIA

Kaunda Asks Party Unity in Assembly

(Lusaka Domestic Service, 16 Jan 87) 61

Iraqi News Agency To Sign Accord on News Exchange

(Lusaka Domestic Service, 23 Jan 87) 62

Briefs

Rent Increase Planned 63

Official Says Riots Well Organized 63

Debt Rescheduling Agreement With Switzerland 63

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

Boycott of American Products Recommended

(Editorial; DIE AFRIKANER, 3 Dec 86) 64

Reprisal To Sanctions Urged by Withholding Chromium, Vanadium

(Editorial; DIE AFRIKANER, 3 Dec 86) 65

Former National Party MP Claims 'Reform Is Dead'

(SAPA, 24 Jan 87) 66

CP Accused of Attempts To Divide Marais, HNP

(DIE AFRIKANER, 3 Dec 86) 68

New Organization Created To Maintain Army, Police Power

(DIE AFRIKANER, 3 Dec 86) 70

Passing Out Parade at SÄS Jalsena

(C. M. Stott; PARATUS, Jan 87) 72

Indian War Veterans Visit Naval Base Durban

(PARATUS, Jan 87) 73

BLACKS

ANC Promotes People's Militias To Defend Gains in Townships

(Howard Barrell; THE HERALD, 14 Jan 87) 74

ANC's 'Radio Freedom' Expresses Armed Struggle Goals, Tactics

(FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE, 16 Jan 87) 75

- d
Inkatha's International Connections Noted

(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 7 Jan 87) 82

Soweto Non-Essential Services To Be Cut

(BUSINESS DAY, 12 Jan 87) 86

Lack of Educational Sites for Rural Blacks in White Areas Deplored

(S'Bu Mngadi; CITY PRESS, 11 Jan 87) 87

DPSC: More Children Being Detained

(Sello Seripe; CITY PRESS, 11 Jan 87) 88

Colored Community at Oukasie To Be Moved

(Sol Morathi; CITY PRESS, 11 Jan 87) 89

Briefs

Uitenhage Residents Fear Vigilantes 90

ANC Losses 90

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Case for Alternative Revolution Expressed

(Philip Spies; SUNDAY TIMES, 11 Jan 87) 91

National Party To Face Tough Opposition From Left, Right

(Gary van Staden; THE SUNDAY STAR, 11 Jan 87) 93

Analysis of P. W. Botha Regime

(Gary van Staden; THE SUNDAY STAR, 11 Jan 87) 95

Soviet Expert Proposes Nonrevolutionary Solutions for Nation

(Phillip van Niekerk; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 9-15 Jan 87) 97

Academics Study Police Behavior

(Carmel Rickard; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 9-15 Jan 87) 98

Commentary Sees Vindication in Machel Inquiry Findings

(Johannesburg International Service, 2 Jan 87) 99

Conflict Surrounding Cinema Desegregation Described

(THE SUNDAY STAR, 11 Jan 87) 10°

Assault on Whites-Only Cinemas, by Sarah Sussens 100

Pietersburg Patrons Push for Open Cinemas, by Dirk Nel 101

Cinemas 'Must Be Open to All', by Guy Jepson 101

Pretoria City Council Recommendations 102

'Krugersdorp Cinemas for Whites', by Guy Jepson 103

Ster-Kinekor Company Move, by Guy Jepson 1°3

Briefs

PFP/NRP Alliance Endorsed iu;>

Labor Party Caucus Supports Hendrickse 1°5

/9986 "

e

"
ANGOLA

EX-MEMBERS OF 'COUNTERREVOLUTIONARY' GROUPS VOW LOYALTY

MB280838 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1900 GMT 27 Jan 87

LText] Another group of compatriots who belonged to counterrevolutionary

organizations such as the FNLA/COMIRA [Angolan National Liberation

Front/Military Committee of the Resistance in Angola] have benefited

from the clemency policy decreed in 1978 by the late president, Agostinho

Neto. They have already been reintegrated into FAPLA and today pledged

their loyalty to the motherland the revolution at a ceremony presided

over by the defense minister of the People's Republic of Angola, Colonel

General Pedro Maria Tonha Pedale. The defense minister said on the

occasion that this act showed the determination of the Angolan people

to unite in the struggle against imperialism and for a socialist Angola:

[Begin Pedale recording] This act justifies the clemency policy decreed

by the government under the guidance of the MPLA-Labor Party and shows

the goodwill of the Angolan people, who are heroic and generous toward

those who worked for imperialism in our country for a long time. This

demonstrates the vitality of our revolution and its capability to unite

all Angolans in the struggle for better living conditions, free from the

colonialist maneuvers. At this moment we congratulate the compatriots

who ended this course pledged loyalty to the republic because they are now

part of FAPLA and will participate in the struggle for peace and the

defense of the integrity of our motherland. Dear comrades, our motherland

is vast and potentially rich. In Angola we can have, everyone can have,

what he needs provided that honesty and dedication guides the creative

work of each and every one of us. We believe that the nation can live in

unity without discrimination among men and we can walk hand in hand toward

a future of peace, justice, harmony, happiness, and progress for all.

[end recording]

/12858

CSO: 3400/855
ANGOLA

BRIEFS

CUBAN STATISTICS DELEGATION DEPARTS—Luanda, 21 January (ANGOP/PANA)—A Cuban

delegation headed by the vice-chairman of the State Committee of Statistics,

Rene Guera, left Luanda on Monday at the end of a week long visit to Angola,

at the invitation of the Angolan minister of planning, Mr Henrique da Silva.

During his stay in Angola, Guera held talks with the Angolan minister of

planning and with the director of the National Institute of Statistics,

with whom he discussed questions of collaboration between the two countries.

Rene Guera told ANGOP at his departure that there's a high level of

cooperation between Angola and Cuba in the domain of statistics. [Text]

[Dakar PANA in English 1002 GMT 21 Jan 87 MB] /12858

ANGOLAN, ALGERIAN DELEGATIONS SIGN ACCORD—An agreement was signed in Luanda

today between the MPLA-Labor Party and the Algerian FLN [National Liberation

Front] party delegations. Comrade Jacinto Venacio Sepora, MPLA-Labor Party

Central Committee secretary for administration and finance, and Sbaa

Mohamed, member of the FLN permanent secretariat for mass organizations,

signed the agreement. The agreement, signed at the MPLA-Labor Party

national headquarters in Luanda, calls for the two parties to exchange

experiences in the 1987-88 period, which will take place alternately in

each country. The document also aims at strengthening relations between the

two parties in the political, economic, scientific, and sociocultural fields

based on the principles of mutual respect and reciprocity of benefits. At

the party national headquarters, this morning, Comrade Afonso van Dunem

Mbinda, MPLA-Labor Party Central Committee secretary for external relations

and minister of external relations, received the Algerian official. The two

discussed issues of mutual interest to their countries. [Text] [Luanda

Domestic Service in Portuguese 1200 GMT 24 Jan 87 MB] /12858

FAPLA REPORTEDLY KILLED UNITA BANDITS—A total of 44 bandits of the notorious

UNITA were killed and 6 others captured as a result of vigorous actions

carried out from 1 to 20 January by FAPLA combatants stationed in the 3d

Military Region. FAPLA forces captured an assortment of war materiel,

including 18 AK rifles, 2 RPG-7's, 22 hand grenades, 8 (AP) landmines, 16

shells for 60-mm mortar, 7,500 rounds of ammunition for AK rifle, 6 clips,

15 rucksacks, 10 pair of boots, 7 uniforms, and 9 water-bottles. [Text]

[Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1200 GMT 29 Jan 87 MBJ /12858

CSO: 3400/855
BENIN

BRIEFS

SEME OIL FIELD PROPOSALS—Proposals concerning operation of the Seme

offshore oil deposits have been submitted following the departure of Pan

Ocean Oil Company (Panoco), AED has learned. Geneva-based Panoco took

over Seme's operation in October 1985 from Norway's Saga Petroleum;

however, production fell and the World Bank and European Investment Bank

froze loans of $40 million after Panoco failed to provide them with financial statements (AED 15:3:86; 30:11:85; 9:11:85). Seme's output is now

about 7,000 barrels a day (b/d), financial sources report, and the government is controlling production. A proposal from Saga and Norway's Norconsult

envisages setting up a $15 million project to help operations and raise

production to over 10,000 b/d. No details have energed on the other

proposals submitted, but sources say it is unlikely the World Bank will

unfreeze the loans until a suitable operator for the oilfield has been

found. [Text] [London AFRICA ECONOMIC DIGEST in English 6-12 Dec 86 p 7]

19311

CSO: 3400/799
DJIBOUTI

INTERNATIONAL AID FOR JJSIFRASTRUCTURE, ENERGY DEVELOPMENT

Frarücfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German 3 Dec

86 p 2

[Article by "W.An.": "Djibouti's Growing Importance as Service Industry

Center—Substantial International Assistance/Geothermal Energy Exploration

Program"]

[Text] Frankfurt—Over the past 2 years, strategically important Djibouti at

the mouth of the Red Sea, a country favorably located in terms of

transportation lines, has continued to profit from substantial international

aid designed to improve its infrastructure. The aid has focused on water and

energy supply as well as harbor and airport facilities and the operation of a

rail line. Djibouti's importance as a service and transit center thus is

likely to increase still further. Djibouti is also profiting from the decline

of the South Yemen port of Aden which has suffered as a result of the

political unrest there.

In October 1986, the Abidjan (Ivory Coast) African Development Fund extended a

loan of 14.31 million accounting units (one unit is worth about $1.08) to

finance water supply projects in the four cities of Ali-Sabieh, Tadjourah,

Obock and Djibouti. These projects, supervised by the state-run Djibouti

National Water Agency (ONED) and slated to cost 15.90 million accounting

units, are to reach completion by 1990. Previously, in July 1986, the European

Development Fund had approved 0.8 million ecus (one ecu=DM 2.15) in assistance

for the improvement of the drinking water system of Balbala, a suburb of the

capital city of Djibouti. ONED expects this project to be completed by 1988.

The Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD), registered in

Kuwait, has assumed funding of a project in the harbor area of Djibouti for

which an international competition has recently been held. In the first

instance, the project calls for repair work on Piers 4 and 5, extending them

to a total length of 470 meters, and for the renovation of an 11,000 square

meter storage facility. In addition, 640 meters of railroad track as well as

water supply networks are to be repaired. Consultation work on the project has

been assigned to the French state-operated Bureau Central d

1Etudes pour les

Equipements d»Outre-Mer (BCEOM), headquartered in Paris and the project itself

is under the supervision of the Port Autonome International de Djibouti

(Djibouti International Port Authority).
Another harbor project is being funded with Italian assistance. By late 1986,

Vianini, an Italian firm headquartered in Rome, is scheduled to start dredging

the harbor in order to keep access to the piers open. Through its Credit

Institute for Reconstruction (KfW) in Frankfurt, the ERG approved DM7 million

in aid in 1985 for the purchase of a harbor tugboat. A new container terminal

complete with rollon-rolloff facilities and a refrigeration plant started

operations in the spring of 1985.

Still another infrastructure project is concerned with the modernization and

expansion of Djibouti-Ambouli International Airport. Three Arab development

organizations have assumed responsibility for the investment package worth

some $22 milion. The Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development (KFAED) has

promised a loan of $9.3 million; the Saudi Fund for Development, one of $7.2

million and the Abu Dhabi Fund for Arab Economic Development (ADFAED), one of

$5 million. In June of 1986, PRC Engineering, an American firm, was given a

declaration of intent for the supervision of the project. Request for

international bids will probably go out by the end of 1986 and work on the

project is expected to start in the spring of 1987.

In late June of 1986, China Civil Engineering and Construction Co., a Chinese

firm, was awarded a $3.1 million contract for the construction of a complete

slaughterhouse and a small feed factory. Both projects were funded by AFESD.

Consultation work for these projects was performed by the Danish firm of

Ramboll & Hanneman of Odense. The slaughterhouse will be able to handle 100

head of beef and 1,200 sheep and goats each day. The feed factory is expected

to produce 12,000 tons of feed annually, working on a one-shift basis. The

slaughterhouse equipment is being supplied by Atlas, a Danish firm, and the

equipment for the feed factory by Jesma Graintec, another Danish manufacturer.

Currently, a geothermal energy exploration program is being conducted in

Djibouti which is due to be completed by 1988. Because of the geology of the

region (the East African Rift valley), favorable conditions exist for tapping

into this energy resource. The $16.6 million cost of a project along these

lines was shared among the IDA, the World Bank group, the African Development

Fund, the OREC Fund, the Italian government and UNDP. In the spring of 1986,

international bidding was opened for four geothermal test drillings to a depth

of 2,000 meters in the Hanleh and Gaggadeh region by the Djibouti Institut

Superieur d

1 Etudes et de Recherches Scientifiques and Techniques (ISERST), the

agency in charge of the project. Aquater of Pesaro, an Italian firm, has been

awarded the consulting contract for this project.

Electricite de Dj ibouti (EDD), the state-run energy supply system, is

increasing the energy output of the Boulaos diesel power plant by 15

megawatts. In June 1986, Saudi Arabia and Djibouti signed an agreement on

funding this project. The project's total cost is said to be $21.4 million.

The Addis Ababa-based Compagnie du Chemin de Fer Djibouti-Ethicpien (CFDE) of

which Ethiopia and Djibouti both hold a 50-percent share owns and operates the

781-kilometer Djibouti-Addis Ababa railroad line which was built between 1897

and 1915. The line is currently being modernized, primarily with the help of

the European Development Fund and the French government. In the spring of

1986, international bids were invited for delivery of rolling stock, rails,
traveling cranes and a mobile container crane. Bids were also invited for

workshop equipment and track signal equipment. C. Iotti & Associati, a Romebased Italian engineering firm, is acting as a consultant for the rail

remodeling project.

9478

CSO: 3420/0007
GHANA

BRIEFS

LUXEMBOURG ASSISTS ELECTRICITY EXPANSION—A ECU 17 million ($17.8 million)

loan agreement was signed in Luxembourg on 8 December between Volta River

Authority (VRA) and the European Investment Bank (EIB), an EIB official

confirms. The loan will finance improvements to the southern electricity

grid and its extension to Techiman, Tamale and Bolgatanga, rehabilitate

the distribution network, improve electricity transmission to Cote d'lvoire,

enable electricity supplies to reach central and northern regions of Ghana

and help future interconnection with Burkina Faso, EIB says (AED 22:11:86;

8:11:86). Further funding agreements for 800 kilometres of 161-kV

transmission lines and 175 kilometres of 34.5-kV lines and various rehabilitation and construction work are expected to be signed imminently with

the UK's Commonwealth Development Corporation, the African Development

Bank (AIDB), Saudi Fund for Development, Canadian International Development

Agency and the World Bank, with AfDB funding in several tranches, EIB says.

The EIB loan is for 17 years, with five years' grace, at 5 percent interest

after allowing for a European Development Fund interest subsidy. [Text]

[London AFRICA ECONOMIC DIGEST in English 13-19 Dec 86 p 9] /9317

IRAN TO SUPPLY OIL—Iran has agreed to supply oil after a 19 November meeting

between Foreign Affairs Secretary Obed Asamoah and Iranian deputy legal and

parliamentary affairs minister Mojtaba Mirmehdi. Co-operation will be

strengthened in agriculture, commerce and cultural exchanges, and in

combatting malaria, the official Ghana News Agency reports. [Text] [London

AFRICA ECONOMIC DIGEST in English 13-19 Dec 86 p 9] /9317

CSO: 3400/798
KENYA

BRIEFS

JAPANESE SOFT LOAN ALLOCATIONS—Japan will provide grants and loans totaling

almost 8,000 million yen ($49.4 million) for five development projects, under

an agreement signed by outgoing Japanese ambassador Kazyo Murakami and

Finance Minister George Saitoti. The soft loan is worth up to 5,610 million

yen ($34.6 million). In local currency terms, KSh 501.7 million ($32 million)

will go to the Water Development Ministry for the greater Nakuru water supply

project and KSh 58.8 million ($3.7 million) for the Tana and Athi River

Development Authority to fund engineering work and rice paddy development.

The loan, which carries 3-1/2 percent annual interest, is repayable over 30

years including 10 years' grace. The grant includes KSh 71.4 million

($4.5 million) to expand facilities at the newly set up forestry research

institute at Mugug, KSh 157 million ($10 million) for youth projects, and

KSh 4.3 million ($270,000) for equipment purchases for the August All-Africa

games. [Text] [London AFRICA ECONOMIC DIGEST in English 13-19 Dec 86 p 51

/9317

CSO: 3400/799
LIBERIA

VICE PRESIDENT LAUDS LEBANESE CULTURAL UNION

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 24 Dec 86 pp 1, 15

[Article by Gabriel Nyanfor]

[TExt] The Vice President of Liberia, Dr Harry Fomba Moniba, has lauded the

World Lebanese Cultural Union of Liberia (WLCU) for its immense interest

towards the nation's economic recovery programme.

He said despite the liquidity crisis facing the nation, Lebanese businessmen

continue to explore business opportunities throughout the country and expressed the optimism that their efforts will yield a prosperous result for the

nation's economic problems.

The commendation was contained in Dr Moniba's speech last Sunday at the

Georgia Pattern Memorial Methodist Church on Water Street in Monrovia,

where the lay-leaders, prelates as well as elders, officers and members of

the church honored the WLCU for its invaluable contributions to the welfare

of the Liberian people.

Dr . Mon iba , rioted that Liberians

have always regarded Lebanese as our

brothers keeper

since the first group

of Lebanese businessmen came to Liberia, 1985.

He said the warmest

friendship between Liberians and Lebanese

has been characterized by cordial arid

harmonious spirit

coupled with Lebanese

contributions towards

the state and humanity.

Commerce" Minister

Mcleod Darpoh who

presented the golden

plaque on behalf of

the Georgia Pattern1

family to the World

Lebanese Cultural:

Un ion Pre sident, Mr.

Abbas Pawaz, lauded

the church for the recognition and noted

that it was timely because according to her,

the scheme would encourage increase Lebanese assistance to

humanity and the Liber ian government.

Minister Darpoh, then

used the occasion to
refute allegat ions

'that her ministry

was assisting Lebanese

in cheating Liberian

customers by increasing prices of essential commodities and

strongly vowed to

combat the skyrockdng

of prices iti the country.

Receiving the golden

plaque, which read:

"face on- earth and

goodwill towards men!'

Certificate of Recognition", WLCU's President, Mr. Abbas Fawaz, praised the

church for their preferment to be honored

as the first community in history of the

nat ion•

He said, the honor

was a clear indication

of the church's willingness to promote

peace' and unity among

peace loving people

in the country and hoped such honor would

not be limited to the

Wbrld Lebanese Cultural Union but to

other communities in

the country.

In his sermon delivered on behalf of Methodist Bishop Arthur

P. Kulah, Rev. Dixon

P. Kumeh, -invoked God's

blessing *?- sti-twgthening Lebanese na

tionals residing in

the country.

The Georgia Pattern

Church was founded in

1904 by . two American

Missionaries, Sisters

Mary Sharp and Georgia

Pattern' With the sole

purpose of spreading

God'8 messages to Africa- for spiritual

enlrrihtenment.

/9274

CSOr 3400/827

10
LIBERIA

COINS ARRIVE TO EASE CURRENCY SHORTAGE

Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 8 Jan 87 pp 1, 6

[Text]

More than half a

million dollars worth of

"small change" has been

brought into the country

to help overcome the scarcity of change coins on

the local market, the

Governor of the National

Bank of Liberia (NBL),

Mr. John Bestman, has

disclosed.

He said the change coins

— in denominations of 50

and 25 cents — were brought

in over the Christmas season

from the United. States of

America where they were

purchased.

Mr. Bestman told

reporters that 300,000 pieces

of" 50 cents andj.6 million

pieces of 25 cents were air

freighted into Monrovia at a

cost of over $90,000.

The money, he said, is expected to last several months

and that the government is

tackling ways to import more

change coins. He added that

some of the "small change"

has already been distributed

to commercial banks in the

country.

When contacted yesterday,

several commercial banks

declined to confirm whether

change coins were available

for business transactions to

their customers.

However, one executive at

the Chase Manhattan Bank

claimed that the bank is not,

at the moment, experiencing

any shortage of change coins,

adding "we have change".

But several businesses including shops, restaurants

and taxi cabs were yesterday

still turning down business

transactions saying they lacked change for 55 coins, the

nation's highest legal tender.

The crisis of shortage of

change currency intensified

last September leaving

business houses unable to

carry out transactions and

marketers unable to sell their

goods. Many families also

claimed that they went

without food for several

days, not because they did

not have money to purchase

food items, but because they

could not find change for $5

coins.

In his statement to

reporters, Governor Bestman

attributed the shortage of

change coins on the local

market to "hoarding" by

enemies of the government.

He described those enemies

as "saboteurs."

1921k

CS0: 3400/826

11.
LIBERIA

CUBA, POLAND DONATE BOOKS TO UNIVERSITY OF LIBERIA

Monrovia THE MIRROR in English 12 Dec 86 p 8

[Text]

Two foreign diplomats here

have donated more than 40

books to the University of Liberia.

The books will be used by the

University Library.

The donors are the Charge Affairs of the Republic of Cuba,

Jose M. Inlan and Mr. Ryszard

Pali'neski of the Polish People's

Republic.

Making the first donation to

the president of the University,

Dr. Morris, the Cuban envoy said

his country has followed with interest the progress the University of Liberia is making and

as such, Cuba would like to identify itself with the aspirations

of the Liberian people,

Making-his presentation , Mr Pali'nski emphasized that little is

known about Poland in Liberia,and

therefore, he was pleased to make

the books available to the University so that students may be familiar with the culture,history of

arts, economics, religion and the

history of the Polish people.

Mr. Pali'nski, who himself was

a lecturer at a Polish University

noted that he would like to see

relationship developed between

Polish institutions of higher education and the University of Liberia.

In accepting the books, Dr. Morris expressed appreciation to Mr.

Inlan for the gesture and hoped

that a cordial relationship would

develop between Cuba and Liberia

in the field of higher education

and culture development.

/9274

CSOJ 3400/826

12
LIBERIA

LEBANESE CULTURAL UNION DONATES FOOD, CLOTHING

Monrovia DAILY STAR in English 23 Dec 86 pp 1, 11

[Excerpt] The Lebanese Cultural Union of Liberia, through its President,

Mr Abbas Fawaz, last Saturday donated $30,000 worth of several food items

and clothings to the Group of "77" on Newport Street, Monrovia.

Speaking at the ceremony, Mr Fawaz said the presentation of the food stuffs

and clothings to the disabled was clear manifestation of the union's desire

to assist the less fortunate in making them to feel like the other fortunate

ones in the Liberian society.

On Liberia's economy, Mr Fawaz expressed optimism that the country will

shortly overcome its present financial difficulties.

He then said officials and members of the union will always identify themselves with Liberia in striving to improve the economy and the living condi*.

tions of the Liberian people.

Responding the Vice President of Liberia, Dr Harry F. Moniba, who is also

Chairman of the Group of "77" thanked the Union for the kind gesture, noting

that the presentation of the food stuff and clothings presented to the Group

indicated that "you are always by our side in providing assistance to the

Liberian people,"

/9274

CSO! 3400/827

13
FARMERS URGED TO INCREASE RICE YIELD

Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 30 Dec 86 p 1

LIBERIA

[Text]

The management of the

Liberia Produce

Marketing Corporation

(LPMC), has called on

farmers throughout the

country to increase their

level of production in the

new year, so as to reduce

the importation of rice,

which has continuously

served as a burden on

government.

In an interview with the

Daily Observer yesterday, the

Managing Director of

LPMC, Mr. Thomas V.

Hanson said: "We have adequate facilities to handle the

processing and milling of

locally produced rice."

Mr. Hanson said if

farmers can produce excess

rice in 1987 and beyond, a

market would be made

available for it. But for now,

he said, "the local rice is inadequate to feed all

Liberians."

He urged Liberian farmers

to bring to the headquarters

of LPMC rice harvested this

year for LPMC to purchase

at a fair price.

The LPMC boss noted that

although LPMC was presently purchasing rice from

farmers at a loss, it remained

hopeful that government

would provide subsidy to ensure that the dream of the

Green Revolution becomes a

reality."

Asked how many tons of

imported rice was received in

the last quarter, Mr. Hanson

said, in July of this year,

LPMC received 55,000

metric tons of PL-480 rice

from the U.S.A. for local

consumption. He added that

there has beeh no complaint

of rice shortage so far.

Commenting on the sale of

coacoa and coffee during this

year, Mr. Hanson recounted

that after he took over the

operation of LPMC earlier

this year, there was an interruption in the purchase of

coffee and coacoa, on the

local market. This, he said,

had terribly disturbed the

prices of these commodities.

As a result, "LPMC did not

get as much as expected."

Mr. Hanson, however,

asserted that the LPMC

management has now embarked upon a program in

which LPMC gets directly to

farmers and pays them a fair

price on time.

He also informed this

paper that for the first time,

LPMC now has an account

covering 1984, 1985 and

1986, which is yet to be

audited.

Mr. Hanson also urged

Liberian farmers to make use

of the three sub-headquarters

of LPMC in Bong, Nimba

and Lofa Counties. He added that besides the mentioned

branches, farmers who cannot afford transportation to

come to Monrovia to sell

their produce could do so in

Grand Cape Mount and

Grand Bassa Counties.

In conclusion, Mr. Hanson

advised farmers that the

"success of any agricultural

revolution is based on the

outlet of whatever is produced."

He said LPMC is restructuring its operations in such a

way that its primary mandate

of reaching the fanners can

be assured.

/9274

CSOi 3400/827

14
LIBERIA

FINANCE MINISTER ON SLUGGISHNESS OF IRON ORE MARKET

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 30 Dec 86 pp 1, 6

[Text] Finance Minister Robert C. Tubman has

observed that "the unfavorable development"

in the steel industry

was a result of "stagnation in industrial

activities worldwide".

He pointed out that

steel production

worldwide for 1986 is

expected to remain at

the 1985 production

level of 720 million

tons, and said there

were no indications

of improvement for

1987.

Mr. Tubman was sneak-,

ing in an interview'

with the Liberia News

Agency recently following his return from

47th meeting of the

board of-directors of

the Bong Mining Company (BMC) held in

Bong Mines.

Mr. Tubman said this

trend is expected to

be the case in the

European Economic Community countries, especially Italy and

West Germany, where

iron ore is sold on

a captive market".

He disclosed thatin 1986, the "export

price" for BMC pellets

was $22.6 per cent

per ton indicating "a

decline of five per

cent in the 1987 business year.

Touching on production and shipment of

BMC ore, Minister Tubman said metric tons,

as against 7.33 million metric tons produced in 1985, while

shipment for 1986 will

total 7.02 tons valued

at $138.7 million.

Minister Tubman further disclosed that

the BMC expects an annual loss of $4.7 million in 1986 business

year, "$2.4 million

more than the loss incurred by the company

during the 1985 business year".

Minister Tubman however assured that the

company's European

shareholders are still

under obligation to

support it in keeping

with the "special supporting measures

15
/9274

CSOJ 3400/826

agreement" signed between the Liberian Government and the BMC * a

European partners in

1981.

Meanwhile, Mr. Tubman has told LINA that

a draft agreement with

the European Investment Bank for financing of the feasibility

study of the Mifegui/

Nimba Joint Project

was nearixig conclusion.

He said during a recent LAMCO board meet^-

ing, plans were also

discussed for use of

Liber ian and Guinean

shipping lines to

transport about 50 per

cent of the irqn_ ore

from the i Mifegui/

Nimba mine when the

joint project begins

operat ion.

He also disclosed

that_ Health and Social Welfare Minister

Martha Sandolo Belleh

who was a member of

the Liberian delegation to the board

meeting called for the

"Liberianization" of

the managements of

LAMCO-run hospitals,

in Liberia when they

are privatized by the

company.

Minister Tubman then

expressed optimism for

the future of the iron

ore industry in Liberia. — LINA

16
MOZAMBIQUE

AIM DIRECTOR RAISES QUESTIONS ABOUT MACHEL INQUIRY

MB240748 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1752 GMT 23 Jan 87

[Text] An item just in: We have just received an important work by AIM

Director Carlos Cardoso containing important revelations on Mbuzini tragedy.

[Cardoso] The phrase referring to the appearance of a very high frequency

omnidirectional radio [VOR] in the instruments of President Samora Machel's

plane was only detected in South Africa on 14 January 1987, 1% months after

listening to the cockpit voice recorder [CVR] in Zurich.

Last Friday, AIM was informed by a reliable source that the sentence: VOR

points to this direction, pronounced by the navigator at 2111 and 32 seconds

was not detected in Zurich. The three commissions comprisong the international

commission of inquiry met in this Swiss city between 25 and 28 November 1986.

They then listened to the CVR with equipment supplied by the USSR. At the

time copies of original transcript were made for the three delegations, after

which the CVR was taken to South Africa. The first formal transcript—the

translation from Russian to English was done in Moscow in the first week of

December. This first transcript did not contain about 10 phrases which not

appear in the transcript of the factual report signed by the three delegations

and already issued. Some of these phrases are of the type: OK, yes, it is

all right.

Some doubts remained after this first investigation about some words and who

had spoken them. The Moscow transcript was signed by the three delegations.

In the second week of January, the Mozambican team was contacted by telephone

by the South African delegation, which stated the following: Through the use

of more sophisticated equipment, it was discovered that some phrases which

had previously been attributed to a certain crew member who were in fact

spoken by another crew member. The South African delegation also disclosed

that, by using that equipment, it had found two new sentences right at the

beginning of the tape. These sentences referred to communication between the

aircraft and Beira.

17
In the course of the same telephone conversation, the Mozambican side

agreed to a joint listening of the CVR and the ADC [expansion unknown]

during its visit to South Africa the next week for the conclusion and signing

of the factual report, as agreed beforehand. ADC refers to communication

with Maputo tower. They thus sought to clear up some unresolved issues.

Mozambican and USSR delegations arrived in Johannesburg on 12 January. This

work was carried out between 13 and 16 January. On the afternoon of 14

January, the three delegations met at the Jan Smuts Airport conference room.

While some of the members of the three delegations listened to the CVR and

the ADC in a nearby room, other investigators worked on the factual report.

At one point, Colonel Desmond Lynch, of the South African Air Force, burst into

the conference room. He showed great agitation. He hurriedly approached

Rennie van Zyl, head of the South African delegation, with whom he spoke in

a low voice. Soon afterward, the Mozambique and USSR delegations learned that

one of the Mozambican experts listening to the CVR had picked up the phrase on

the VOR.

These facts highlight the following fundamental question: Is it not strange

that despite the use of more sophisticated equipment, which had permitted

the detection of new phrases and the correction of voice attribution, the

South African delegation failed to pick up the phrase on the VOR until that

moment? This is the question that any expert on this type of investigation

will ask.

/9738

CSO: 3400/904

18
MOZAMBIQUE

MINISTER SPEAKS ON SUMMIT, MACHEL CRASH IN LUANDA

MB270646 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 0500 GMT 27 Jan 87

[passages within quotation marks are recorded]

[Text] Mozambican Minister of Foreign Affairs Pascoal Mocumbi arrived in

Luanda last night to represent his country at the ministerial meeting of the

five Portuguese-speaking African countries, which begins today. Pascoal

Mocumbi was welcomed by Angolan Minister of External Relations Comrade Afonso

van Dunem. Soon after his arrival, Pascoal Mocumbi gave a brief interview

to our reporters. He stated the following on the meeting of the five

Portuguese-speaking African countries.

"This is what brings us to Luanda. We are coming to participate in the

ministerial council of the five Portuguese-speaking African countries. We

are going to take this opportunity to review implementation of cooperation

programs agreed by the five countries as well as the decisions of the five

heads of state at the Luanda summit. I can add that we are determined to

continue our actions to consolidate and develop relations among the five

countries."

Asked to speak on the crash which killed President Samora Machel, particularly

on the latest findings of the inquiry commission the Mozambican official said:

"The inquiry is not over yet. The Mozambican side demands clarification on

where, how, and who placed the radio signal that threw the aircraft off course.

This is one of the issues that worry us, because Mozambique demands the truth,

the truth on the tragic accident which killed President Samora Machel. The

inquiry cannot be based on feelings. We know, we are aware that it was a

deliberate action to murder President Samora Machel. Now, we must find real

evidence. This is why the inquiry is taking place. We have no proof yet.

We are working toward that objective—to know exactly who, how, and where the

radio signal that diverted the aircraft from its course was placed." The

meeting of the five Portuguese-speaking African countries begins today and is

scheduled to end on Thursday. The meeting will begin by assessing the

activities prescribed under the progarm of action approved by the group's sixth

summit.

/9738

CSO: 3400/904

19
MOZAMBIQUE

FORMER SECURITY MINISTER COMMENTS ON DOCUMENTS FOUND IN WRECK

MB231905 Maputo in English to Southern Africa 1800 GMT 23 Jan 87

[Text] Mozambique's former Security Minister Colonel Sergio Vieira, says

senior South African Government officials told him the day after the crash

of President Samora Machel's plane, that they had no interest in documents

and personal objects found in the wreckage. Col Vieira says South Africa's

police commissioner, General Coetzee, told him several times on 20 October

last year that all documents and personal objects found in the wreckage would

be sent to Mozambique immediately. Gen Coetzee said this was a question of

ethics. Col Vieira says Gen Coetzee's remarks were made also in the presence

of two Mozambican Government deputy ministers. He says he told the South

African officials that he wanted to take back to Maputo the documents and

the other items. Col Vieira says he brought back some things which he

delivered to the Frelimo Party's Political Bureau. A Mozambican officer also

remained in South Africa in order to bring back some items. This officer

managed to bring back something. Col Vieira says Gen Coetzee, in the presence

of South Africa's foreign minister, Roelof Botha, had promised to facilitate

this immediate removal of the documents and personal objects still at Mbuzini,

the sight of the crash, to Mozambique.

Col Vieira's statement has been made today in Maputo after the MOZAMBIQUE NEWS

AGENCY contacted him following remarks by a South African civil aviation

official that the police collected documents and other objects from the scene

of the wreckage because they had been ordered to do so by Mr Botha and Col

Vieira. The civil aviation official Pieter de Klerk, made this allegation

yesterday during the current South African official hearing into the crash.

Mr de Klerk said police told him on 20 October that they were removing material

from the wreckage because of instructions by Col Vieira and Mr Botha.

/9738

CSO: 3400/904

20
MOZAMBIQUE

DOCUMENT ON MACHEL CRASH HANDED OVER TO SOVIET, RSA TEAMS

MB290636 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1900 GMT 28 Jan 87

[Text] Mozambique has delivered a document containing two important pieces

of information to the Soviet and South African commissions of inquiry into

the causes of the Mozambican presidential air crash on 19 October. One of them

deals with the flight path of President Samora Machel's plane as calculated by

a computer. The other is the decoding of the black box of the Mozambique

Airlines [LAM] Boeing 737 which was over the Limpopo area on a flight from

Beira to Maputo some 35 minutes after the crash of the presidential plane. An

official source told AIM that Mozambique handed over the.document in accordance

with the spirit of Annex 13 of the International Civil Aviation Organization

regulations which state that in an investigation of this kind, the parties

concerned must exchange.all information. The source added that Mozambique

would continue to observe all its undertakings. The same source pointed out

that South Africa has not always observed the terms of the investigation,

giving an example the hearing that was held in Johannesburg until Tuesday at

which information taken from a flight simulator by the South African side was

produced. Such information was not given to Mozambique prior to the hearing.

The information on LAM's Boeing 737 flight shows its flight path. The aircraft

flew from Biera to Maputo and when it was over Limpopo, it was instructed by

the Maputo tower to return to Beira because the presidential airplane had not

yet arrived in the capital.

Information on the flight path showed that the airplane was flying toward

Maputo only 1 degree away from the previously established path within the

Beira-Maputo air corridor, on a straight line. It appears that at the

Johannesburg hearing this fact was used by advocate Cedric Puckrin to conclude

that it proved the nonexistence of a decoy very high frequency omnidirectional

radio [VOR] in the area. A Mozambique civil aviation expert told AIM that

if Puckrin was talking about the Boeing 737 then such a conclusion is false

because the LAM Boeing 737's automatic pilot was on a path set by pilot

[name indistinct] and the automatic pilot did not follow the decoy VOR; that

is, to use aviation jargon, the aircraft did not make use of the VOR mode.

The pilot said that the path of the presidential plane shows that it indicates

the possibility of a decoy VOR in the area.

/9738

CSO: 3400/904

21
MOZAMBIQUE

AIM SPECULATES ON INJURIES TO MACHEL PASSENGERS

MB260752 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 0400 GMT 26 Jan 87

[Text] Six of the 25 people killed in President Samora Machel's plane crash

had cuts already stitched on the side of their necks. (Anatoli Choulipov), a

member of the Soviet crew; Heriques Bettencourt and Ulisses Mesa, two of

President Samora Machel's personal physicians; air hostesses Esmeralda Luisa

and Sofia Arone; and Joao Navesse, of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, had cuts

of about 7 cm made by sharp devices on both sides of their necks. According

to Minister of Health Fernando Vaz, the cuts were not the causes of death.

These six and the others killed died as a result of multiple traumatic skull

and thoracic wounds.

(AIM reports that doctors believe) there.are three possible causes of the

cuts, namely the injection of preservatives, the injection of other products

which could later be detected in blood tests, or to extract blood.. AIM

adds that only the blood tests on the other members of the crew could show

whether the cuts made on (Anatoli Choulipov) were followed by injection of

alcohol into the bloodstreams of the other three members of the crew by gross

and obvious means. [sentence as heard] A physician approached by AIM commented on the last possibility by saying that alcohol injected in a dead body

does not evaporate rapidly, remaining in the body for a long period.

/9738

CSO: 3400/904

22
MOZAMBIQUE

'MYSTERY RADIO SIGNALS' KEY TO MACHEL CRASH

MB281651 Maputo in English to Southern Africa 1100 GMT 28 Jan 87

[Text] In a front-page editorial entitled, "Who Did It," the Mozambican

daily NOTICIAS newspaper today states that the focal question in the investigation into President Samora Mache!'s death concerned the mystery radio signals

that caused the presidential aircraft to stray from its flight path. Two

minutes before the crash the plane turned southwest following the radio signal

made by the VOR, a very high frequency omnidirectional radio signal. The only

explanation for this, said the newspaper, is that the VOR had come on the air

transmitting on the same frequency as [word indistinct] VOR but at greater

power. The question which demands a reply is, what VOR was this and who

switched it on, states the paper. The facts, the newspaper says, tend to

show that the plane was electronically diverted from its flight path.

It says the question of whether or not the pilots did everything in their

power to save the aircraft is an important question. [words indistinct] the

mystery VOR signal. From a legal point of view this may still be irrelevant.

The mistakes committed by the victim of his lack of caution do not count as

extenuating circumstances for the criminal, and much less do they absolve

the criminal, and much less do they absolve the criminal of responsibility.

/9738

CSO: 3400/904

23
MOZAMBIQUE

NOTICIAS QUESTIONS PIK BOTHA VERACITY

MB271447 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1030 GMT 27 Jan 87

[Text] Rumors, slanders, lies, and s oke screens do not help to alleviate

the strong suspicions in the hearts of all Mozambicans, which are shared by

millions of honest men in our continent and the rest of the world. This is

how today's Maputo NOTICIAS editorial ends. The editorial deals with the

statements by Minister of Foreign Affairs Pik Botha at the hearing in the

Johannesburg Supreme Court into President Samora Machel's air crash in

Mbuzini in October 1986.

The editorial points out that Roelof Botha made two very serious statements

soon after the tragedy, which proved to be false. The first statement said

that the pilots could have been drunk; and the other was that the aircraft

was obsolete and did not have a modern ground proximity warning system. Confronted with factual evidence yesterday, Mr Roelof Botha was at pains to

explain that if he had made false statements it was because at the time he

thought they were correct. This was so because someone, whom he did not

identify, from the Ministry of Transport, had given him the information. In

other words, Botha himself had been deceived.

The editorial continues by saying that taking for granted the naivety and

credibility of South African, Mozambican and world public opinion, Mr Botha

also said that when he stated that there was alcohol in the blood of the

pilots he did not infer that they were drunk. In order to justify his false

statements, Botha said that he believed it was his duty to minimize the

devastating effect of allegations that the South African Air Force was

responsible for the plane crash. The editorial stresses that the South

African minister of foreign affairs admitted that he played an active role

in a deliberate disinformation campaign aimed at disguising the possible

responsibility of his government.

The NOTICIAS editorial then puts three questions to the Pretoria regime:

1. If Mr Botha, confronted with hard evidence, admitted that he made false

statements on such a delicate matter, who can assure us that other statements

made by him and other regime officials were not equally false?

24
2. If the Pretoria regime is in fact innocent about the plane crash, what

was the need to create a smoke screen and spread rumors and lies worldwide?

3. What is Mr Roelof Botha trying to hide with his statements yesterday and

on previous occasions; and from whom?

/9738

CSO: 3400/904

25
MOZAMBIQUE

FUMO DECLARES SUPPORT FOR RENAMO; U.S. POLICY CRITICIZED

Lisbon 0 DIABO in Portuguese 30 Dec 86 p 17

[Text] The issue involving the RENAMO [Mozambican National Resistance] hostages

left the realm of analysis of the civil war in Mozambique when the resistance

leader, Afonso Dhlakama, restored their freedom. What occurred after that

(namely, the despicable abuse to which those released were subjected in Malawi)

is no longer RENAMO's responsibility. The latter will now confine itself to

counting the unanticipated gains from the operation: On the one hand, it was

proven that Malawi's alleged backing for the rebels was an invention of FRELIMO

propaganda; and, on the other, there surfaced once again the obnoxious nature

of the procedures used by the Maputo government.

Hence, attention has been turned again to the military operations area. In

this respect (and apart from what may have occurred last week-end, which is not

yet known), the latest communique distributed by RENAMO deserves special heed;

because it discloses that the rebels have again reached the gates of the city

of Beira, the country's second-ranking in importance. The FRELIMO military

base in the Manga district was reportedly destroyed, with heavy losses for the

government forces, in both troops and equipment; the large warehouses located

in the airport area were reportedly burned; and, in another operation, on the

railway between Beira and Dondo, the guerrillas attacked and immobilized a

railroad train consisting of 50 cars.

The "Beira corridor," so much contested by various economic powers that have

recolonized Southern Africa, and so much defended by the Zimbabwe expeditionary

force, is still a region in which the rebels move about and attack easily,

confirming what was told to the reporter, Eduardo Mascarenhas, 3 weeks ago,

by the RENAMO leader: "With Chissano and FRELIMO, there is no Beira corridor."

'FUMO's' Significant Support

Apart from the military realm, the position assumed regarding RENAMO by the

organization known as the "United Democratic Front of Mozambique," or simply

FUMO, is unquestionably important.

Founded by Dr Domingos Arouca (a pioneer among Mozambican independent advocates,

who was already plotting whenSamora Machel was still taking tests to become a

nurse), FUMO is one of the several movements that have become affirmed in opposition to the FRELIMO dictatorship, but remaining aloof from Mozambican National

Resistance, and sometimes showing hostility toward it.

26
According to a communique that has now been distributed, and previous texts,

FUMO seemed to deem it possible to find a means of reconciliation through the

publicized pragmatism of Samora Mache1, to whose memory it has, moreover,

paid tribute.

In the communique in question, however, FUMO scores the spuriousness of the

notion circulated regarding Machel's successor: "Unlike what a certain press,

in the service of savage capitalism, wants people to believe, Chissano is not

a moderate nor pro-Western. He represents, rather, the reinforcement of the

Soviet sector of FRELIMO. And, regardless of how great the economic and

financial interest, both Portuguese and other, may be in exploiting the Mozambican people, the fact is the same. The possibility of a change has been

lost."

Well-informed on what is happening behind the scenes inMaputo*s Marxist regime,

FUMO does not share the illusions spread concerning Joaquim Chissano's alleged

Western leanings. Not sharing them, it has decided to take the course of action

recommended to it by logic-: in the battle against the Marxist despotism in

Mozambique, in other words, to give unconditional support to the movement

headed by Afonso Dhlakama:

"The opposition has been entangled for a long time in more than dubious initiatives, infiltrated by FRELIMO police groups and by opportunists who serve only

the one who pays them most. It is time for Mozambicans to free themselves from

the pseudo-parties or small factions, which only spread confusion and betrayal.

It is time to support RENAMO exclusively, without hesitation."

For an Examination of Conscience

The "United Democratic Front of Mozambique" is not established in the area of

military operations; therefore, in that realm, its support for Mozambican

National Resistance will not be intended to change the situation. But it can

and must change it in the view of certain Western decision-making centers in

Europe and the United States, which thus far have denied Dhlakama; the authenticity of a political representative in democratic terms, preferring over him small

sectorial groups which in many instances, according to FUMO's unbiased statement, are infiltrated by FRELIMO agents.

FUMO's support for RENAMO should represent to many responsible people a serious

reason for an examination of conscience. The distorted vision with which the

decision-making centers and circles of public opinion influenced by them

continue to view the position assumed by Mozambican National Resistance is

beginning to have disturbing features of irrationality, revealing blindness.

For example, consider the condemnation made by the European Parliament, on

which RENAMO's delegate to Europe, Paulo Oliveira, commented in this fair

manner: "It would be better to analyze what the Maputo government has done:

in late 1982 Joaquim Chissano ordered the summary shooting of six alleged

guerrillas, without a trial. This was reported by radio broadcasts and

propaganda in the regime's own press. The death penalty, the whipping law,

27
the torture, the 'reeducation1 camps, and 'operation production' do, indeed,

clearly attest to the crime and brutality that the European Parliament lacks

the courage to denounce or has no desire to condemn."

Washington's Absurdity

The United States ambassador to Maputo, Peter John de Voos, is due to leave his

post in January, but will depart after having profusely disseminated the most

false notions regarding FRELIMO and the men heading it, as well as its convertibility into a democratic ideology.'

The U.S. State Department continues to cultivate this line. A few days ago,

without any evidence to back his bizarre theory, Undersecretary Chester Crocker

claimed that President Joaquim Chissano "is putting his house in order." A

few days earlier, another undersecretary of state, Michael Armacost, while

passing through Maputo, expressed an identical view, with the aggravating

factor of having considered RENAMO "a primarily military entity, which is very

difficult to characterize as a national liberation movement";.claiming that,

therefore, it is impossible to view the latter on the same level as UNTTA,

which Crocker, Armacost and their superiors, regard as "an authentic voice."

To date, those high-ranking State Department officials have not yet attempted

to explain the differences between the Angolan and Mozambican rebels. It seems

unlikely that they will succeed in doing so; because the charges that the Maputo

rulers have made against Mozambican National Resistance, namely, that it has

the backing of the Republic of South Africa, are the very same ones as those

made by the Luanda rulers against the National Union for Total Independence of

Angola. Because the demands of both rebel movements regarding the departure

of foreign troops in the government's service are absolutely identical; because

the statements involving programs aimed at establishing democracy made on

constant occasions by Jonas Savimbi do not differ from those also made on

constant occasions by Afonso Dhlakama; because the anticommunism of both is

identical.

This being the case, the only visible difference consists of the absence of a

Cuban expeditionary force in Mozambique, identical to the one operating in

Angola; but there is no lack of foreign troops of various nationalities in

FRELIMO's service, starting with those from Zimbabwe. Now it is difficult to

believe that the issue of the Cubans is the only one that has prompted the

American State Department to cite such major differences between RENAMO and

UNITA. There must necessarily be one br more other reasons. And it regrettable that the State Department has not disclosed them; regrettable, and the

source of suspicions, as if those raised recently against President Reagan's

team were not enough.

2909

CSO: 3442/70

28
MOZAMBIQUE

INCREASING INTERNATIONALIZATION OF ARMED CONFLICT NOTED

Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 31 Dec 86 p 20

[Text] The tragic death of the president of Mozambique, Samora Machel, is

unquestionably the most significant event of all that have occurred In that

country during the year now ending.

However, also to be stressed is the increasing entrenchment that RENAMO [Mozambican National Resistance] has been achieving on Mozambican territory, specifically in Zambezia Province; the internationalization of the war, with the active

participation of a contingent of 6,000 troops from Zimbabwe, fighting the

opponents of the Maputo forces; as well as the pledge of similar aid from

Tanzania; and the worsening of the country's social and economic crisis, wherein

famine has already affected millions of people, creating a situation that has

now been compared internationally with that experienced in Ethiopia.

Charges Against South Africa Ended

The efforts made, even on the international level, to incriminate the Pretoria

government as the one responsible for the air disaster in which Samora Machel

and his companions lost their lives have been thwarted. Although the plane on

which the Mozambican president was traveling, a Soviet Tupolev aircraft, crashed

on South African territory, quite close to N'Komati, where the historic treaty

between the Maputo and Pretoria authorities was concluded, the subsequent

investigations have proven that a deviation from its course was involved, caused

without intervention other than that of the weather conditions experienced (a

tropical storm) or the pilot's action.

The termination of the charges against South Africa, suddenly and on all levels,

although the results of the examination made by specialists from an international team of the tapes contained in the so-called "black box" had not yet been

publicized, and the subsequent crashes of three more Tupolevs, one In Berlin

and two in Angola, is a fact attesting to the validity of the aforementioned

conclusion.

Western Countries' Backing for Maputo Continues

Chosen as successor to Samora Machel by the FRELIMO leaders was the heretofore

Mozambican minister of foreign affairs, Joaquim Chissano. Educated in Portugal,

29
Chissano was viewed by many sectors as a liberalizing individual; but that

description of him has been rejected by RENAMO and other circles, which depict

him as a greater Soviet adherent than Mache1.

In any event, in both Portugal and the United States, as well as other Western

countries, the current Maputo government continues to have an extremely favorable status.

The Lorhno group and other multinational groups are also still expressing an

interest in investing in Mozambique, specifically, in the region known as the

"Beira corridor."

This interest is equally significant, or more so, from an economic standpoint,

if we recall that, as a result of acts of sabotage committed by RENAMO, the

Cabora Bassa conduit, supplying South Africa with electric power, has been

kept out of operation.

Zimbabwe: Privileged Partner

Regarding the Maputo government's support for countries of Southern Africa,

the first that should be mentioned is Zimbabwe, Ian Smith's former Southern

Rhodesia; a support shown, as has already been noted, by the presence of a

military contingent which is by no means an indication of altruism, or provided

on the basis of merely humanistic principles.

Nevertheless, Zimbabwe's current prime minister, Mugabe, is indebted largely

to the aid of all types received from Samora Machel for his victory in the

battle with Ian Smith. Moreover, Mozambique is indispensable, not only for

Zimbabwe, but also for Zambia, Tanzania, and Malawi, to make an ocean outlet

from the interior of the continent possible for all these countries. It is

precisely through the "Beira corridor," currently inoperative owing to RENAMO's

action, that the opposition from FRELIMO:'s armed forces has prevailed.

Whereas, from a military standpoint, and for the purpose of contributing to

the disencumbrance of that region and the latter's resultant use as an advantage for itself, Zimbabwe's aid is a reality, the same does not hold true of

the assistance that it might provide to eliminate the famine that is rampant

in Mozambique. Although it is beset with production surpluses, Mugabe's

government has decided that this aid can be given only if there is proper

payment for it. We have confined ourselves to republishing reports disseminated by international agencies established in Harare.

In any case, President Chissano still has Zimbabwe as a privileged partner

and, pursuing a plan of Machel's publicized at the time by TEMPO, first-hand,

he is calling for the creation of a Federation of Southern African States,

to be initiated by Mozambique and that country.

Tanzania and Malawi: Two Chissano Conquests

A partner with which the present Mozambican head of state is also seeking to

intensify relations is Tanzania, and it was prciesly to Dar-es-Salaam that he

paid the first visit made abroad after taking over his new office.

30
Resulting from that visit was the agreement that will enable Mozambique to

count on the participation of Tanzanian troops in the battle that It is waging

against RENAMO.

Another Chissano conquest was the renewal of the cooperation agreement that

exists between Malawi and Mozambique. Relations between the two countries had

been very tense, since last September, when President Samora Machel began

accusing Malawi of harboring and aiding RENAMO troops.

As TEMPO reported, one of Machel's last meetings was precisely devoted to

planning with his Zimbabwe allies, and with the collusion of Tanzania and

Zambia, the invasion of Malawi and the fall of President Botha, if the latter

continued supporting the RENAMO rebels.

After Samora Machel's death, the situation changed, and the current relations

between the Maputo and Lilongwe governments are the most cordial possible, as

shown by the fact that President Banda has agreed to FRELIMO's attempt to send

the hostages released by RENAMO to Mozambique and turn them over to the Malawi

authorities.

As for Mozambique's relations with South Africa, they have remained normal in

1986, based on the spirit of the N'Komati Accord concluded between the two

countries. In October, however, the Mozamblcan press resumed its charges

against the Pretoria authorities of aiding RENAMO, even hinting that they might

be implicated in a plan to assassinate Samora Machel. The accusations were

intensified after the disaster which killed the first Mozamblcan president, yet

they lasted but a short time, surely because It was concluded that the accident

was in no way related to the South Africans.

Restructuring of RENAMO

A final reference to RENAMO, to indicate the restructuring that President Afonso

Dhlakama has carried out, dismissing Evo Fernandes as secretary general, and

thereby eliminating the notion that the movement has a key Portuguese component.

Also to be underscored is the evidence that it has shown of its establishment

in Zambezia and the spectacular release, rather than by Natal, of the hostages

that it had captured, the overwhelming majority of whom were Portuguese.

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MOZAMBIQUE

RELIGIOUS GROUPS URGE END TO VIOLENCE

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 27 Dec 86 p 2

[Text] In 1987, Mozambique's religious communities will continue to solicit

international assistance in behalf of all the people in this land afflicted by

the terrorist destabilization, which destroys production units, aggravating the

shortages. For the religious community, the continuing solicitation of aid is

a demonstration of love of country.

The nation's religious community, represented in the Christian Council of Mozambique [CCM], which encompasses 13 faiths, CARITAS, the Adventist union or

individualized sects, have collected, throughout the world, food aid, clothing,

shoes, production equipment and other goods, thus helping to alleviate the suffering of Mozambique's citizens. The aid which has been contributed reaches

the beneficiaries through the Department for Prevention of and Combat Against

Natural Disasters [DPCCN] and the Red Cross.

As we learned from the DPCCN, the diversity and value of aid collected by the

religious faiths has, in this period, been of great importance.

To give an indication of the volume of articles collected, the DPCCN reported

that during the year ending now, through the CCN, the country has received more

than 5,000 tons of corn, 67 tons of corn meal, 600 tons of rice, 30 tons of

peanuts, 100 tons of wheat and 330 tons of cooking oil, among other items.

The CCM collected 188 tons of clothing and 15,000 blankets. This organization

of religious faiths has also brought in production means, medicines and educational materials, as have other organizations or individual sects.

During 1987, the flame which inspired the solicitation of aid will not die,

because, as religious figures told us, such activity is a demonstration of love

of the country, in which the hardships of the people are also the cares of the

community of the faithful. The aid is solicited from like communities spread

through the Western and Scandinavian countries and the GDR. The Mozambican

communities, in conjunction with the competent agencies in the country, have

coordinated the means of channeling the aid to individuals in need.

As the year 1986 comes to an end, however, what hopes remain for this work?

The reply, in the words of those with experience in this areas

32
Bernardo Mabote, Adventist pastor» "The year which is now ending was very bad,

because the terrorist violence continued to erode our economy, worsening the

social life of our citizens. As everyone is aware, the hunger and poverty

have contiuued. The 60,000 Adventists in the country were as rauch affected

by the crisis as the other citizens, so our religious sect appealed for, and

received, international aid to ease the suffering. Our hope and desire is

that the year 1987 will bring indications that we are finally on the path to

life in peace.

"As religious people, and with no restrictions imposed by the party and government on the practice of our faith, we expect that our community will grow and

that we will induce more foreign communities, particularly those in Switzerland,

Portugal and Brazil, to alleviate the problems that confront us now."

Leonel Impuanha Celestino, Adventist pastori "in 1986, we continued to live

in a country tormented by the destabilization which aggravated the famine,

the clothing shortage and the lack of other conditions which provide comfort

for the people. The Adventist Christian Community, allied with the government in offering assistance to the victims of the destabilization and the

natural disasters, channeled food, clothing, medicines and teaching materials

to the people through the Red Cross, the DPCCN and the Health and Education

ministries. These goods were sent to us by brother churches throughout the

world, which have united with us in this sad moment which we are experiencing.

Our wish, in accordance with the supreme commandment which guides our religious

congregation, is for the establishment of peace, so that true patriots may

work to make this country great. Our hope for the new year is that we "1J1

achieve peace, because the Adventists feel that, as long as the reign of terror

continues, any prospect of overcoming the difficulties is compromised. We

have faith that, until peace comes, the friendly international community will

help us out."

Issufo Adam, president of the Mohammedan Community of Maputot "The year 1986,

which is now coming to an end, was a very bad period in the life of Mozambique.

We continued to be devastated by tragic calamities which, this time, assumed

an almost universal nature because they were also occurring in other corners

of the world. Our sadness is even greater because we lost our dynamic leader,

but I take pride in the fact that we were able to remain calm at the most

grievous moment, to show the world our discipline and our national unity and to

choose, as our leader, the right man for the immense tasks ahead of us.

"1, personally, and all my brethren of the Islamic faith, who represent almost

half of the nation's community, hope that, in 1987, our generosity will be the

greatest spiritual asset we will have at our disposal to face our daily life.'

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MOZAMBIQUE

MOMA DISTRICT ACHIEVING SUCCESS IN MARKETING CAMPAIGNS

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 20 Dec 86 p 3

[Article by Teodosio Angelo]

[Text] The farm marketing campaign in the district of Moma in the province of

Nampula is currently achieving positive results, despite the actions of the

armed bandits in the pay of the apartheid regime which are active in some

zones in that part of the country, above all on the boundary with the province

of Zambezia. On the other hand, the people, with staffing by the party and

state structures in the district, are currently engaged in the bloc production

of rice and corn, in addition to cassava and other crops, within the context

of the campaigns being pursued to combat hunger. This information was

provided by the first secretary and administrator of the district of Moma,

Armando Ernesto Dimande, who talked with our reporters recently.

On this occasion, Armando Dimande noted that the district of Moma is one of

those producing rice, corn, cotton and cashews in which the marketing campaign

is already under way, and the people are flocking to the marketing outlets.

The Moma administrator explained that the production of cashews in this part

of the province of Nampula is carried out in two stages. One is that in

progress and the other will begin at the end of this month, since the cashew

groves produced two crops this year.

"If it were not for the fires caused by the armed bandits and clandestine

hunters, we are certain that the district of Moma could meet the cashew

marketing goal of 5,000 tons set this year," the Moma administrator

emphasized. He added that even so, it is believed that more than 3,500 tons

will be marketed this season, and currently 800 tons have already been shipped

to the factory.

This production, according to Armando Dimande, exceeds the total for last

year, when 3,618 tons were marketed. This was due, among other things, to the

actions of the armed bandits, who blocked the access roads in the interior of

the district, so that large quantities of cashews did not reach the market,

while other factors were the late arrival of the incentive products and the

uncontrolled fires which destroyed vast areas in the cashew groves.

34
"This year we received the incentive products for the marketing campaign and

got them to the distributors on time," Armando Dimande said.

Even so, the products allocated for the cashew marketing campaign are not

those most wanted by the peasants because, he said, "They need a great deal of

cloth, petroleum products and salt, and I think that oil and other products

should be for normal consumption."

In order to ensure that all of the cashews are marketed, above all in the

zones affected by the criminal actions of the armed bandits, the security

system has been strengthened. This is being done by militiamen, together with

Mozambican Armed Forces personnel stationed in the district, who escort the

trucks to the cashew marketing sites, as well as to the district seat or the

factory units.

Situation in Moma

Speaking about the political and military situation in the district, the Moma

administrator said that it is tending to improve following several incursions

by the armed bandits, particularly while the second general elections were

going on.

"But these incursions were in vain, because the people, mobilized and staffed

by the party and state structures in the district, fought these evildoers

mercilessly, and it is for this very reason that we have achieved success.

There was no locality where the electoral process did not occur," Armando

Dimande said. He added that currently the main preoccupation of the district

authorities is the armed camps the bandits have established, not in the

district of Moma, but rather on the other side of the Ligonha River, in the

province of Zambezia.

During the provincial electoral conference, Armando Dimande was praised by

various delegates for the work he has done in the district in organizing the

population and combating armed banditry.

The first secretary and administrator of Moma emphasized in an interview with

our newspaper that it is urgent and important to eliminate the camps, "because

only by destroying them can we achieve the goals set forth in the economic and

social guidelines by the Force FRELIMO Party Congress," he added.

Parallel with this, the people in the district of Moma, revealing a high sense

of heroism and determination to combat armed banditry, have participated

actively in the ranks of the People's Militia, as well as other productive

activities.

In Metil, in the locality of Jagoma, for example, the people who had sought

refuge in the interior of the district because of the activities of the armed

bandits are beginning to return to their areas, and have now begun the

rebuilding of their homes.

This activity, according to information provided by the first secretary and

administrator of Moma, Armando Dimande, is the result of a mobilization effort

35
carried out among the people by the party and state structures in that part of

the province, after the bandits were driven off by the people themselves.

Using swords, spears and other traditional weapons, they have contributed to

destroying enemy camps, as well as defending their own communal settlements.

The population of the district of Moma, which totals 189,966 persons, is

distributed among 97 villages and 105 communal neighborhoods. The people work

on collective farm blocs, although some families have separate farms, the

district administrator said.

At present, the people of the district, the majority of whom are peasants,

are experiencing a shortage of hoes, which are needed for the production of

rice, one of the main crops in Moma, above all at the Larde Administrative

Station.

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36
MOZAMBIQUE

GAZA PROVINCE 1985.-86 FARM RESULTS ANALYZED

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 23 Dec 86 p 2

[Article by Bento Niquice]

[Text] Xai-Xai—The shortage of seeds, fuels and other production resources

profoundly affected the 1985-86 farm season in Gaza. This was reflected in

particular in the results achieved at the end of the season, a report

delivered by the Gaza Provincial Planning Commission at the 19th Session of

the Provincial Assembly (outgoing) held a few days ago in the city Xai-Xai

revealed. This document also took up various aspects of that harvest.

The CPP document said that the 1985-86 farm season in the province of Gaza saw

the loss of substantial cultivated areas because the necessary planting was

not done. On the other hand, there were some cases of crops lost after the

proper seeds had been planted in the ground.

In the first instance, the reason was the inadequate quantities of seeds

delivered to the production sectors, and in the latter instance, the problem

was the shortage of fuels needed to operate the machinery for irrigating the

crops.

The situation was aggravated by the limited rainfall which occurred during the

last season, to the detriment of the family and cooperative sectors in

particular, as well as a considerable part of the private sector.

According to the document read, the province of Gaza lost more than 2,000

hectares during the last farm season, of which 1,039 were planted to rice and

belonged to the state sector.

Overall, the report said, the area planted to rice and lost in the three

planned sectors (family, cooperative and state) came to 2,011 hectares.

On this occasion, the provincial director of planning for Gaza explained that

in economic terms, the area lost had a potential yield of 6,000 tons of rice,

an estimate based on the fact that the average yield per hectare is 3.2 tons.

Federico Sitoi announced that in order to deal with the problems encountered

during the season just past, the provincial government in Gaza decided to

37
provide for a permanent reserve of fuels and also to reduce the crop areas of

some farm enterprises, such as those in Chibuto and Magule, and also to

eliminate the Massingir Farm Enterprise, due to its poor performance.

On the other hand, Federico Sitoi said that he was relatively optimistic about

the present farm season, emphasizing that the staffing of the family sector on

the allocated plots of the collective farms which is under way in this

province may serve as a catalyst for achieving high production indices.

At a given point in his address, the director of the CPP in Gaza criticized

certain (unspecified) enterprises for their deviation from the guidelines.

"We must drastically change our attitude about the production of grains. They

are the basis of the diet of the overwhelming majority of our population.

Therefore grain production cannot be made secondary,with priority being given

to rice and truck garden crops alone to the detriment of the production of

corn."

Results of the Season

After the 1985-86 farm season had been assessed, it was established that the

province of Gaza produced 34,038 tons of rice during this season, exceeding

the initial goal of 30,250 tons.

Of the total produced, more than 25,700 tons came from the state enterprises,

which in many seasons have succeeded in surpassing the other sectors by a wide

margin, particularly in rice production.

This official said that the planned sectors (state, cooperative and family)

produced a total of 737 tons of rice instead of the 4,230 initially planned.

It should be noted that in addition to assessing the last farm season, the

19th Session of the Provincial Assembly of Gaza undertook an analysis of the

individual and collective activities of the deputies during their 5-year term

of office.

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38
MOZAMBIQUE

OUTLOOK OPTIMISTIC FOR FOOD PRODUCTION IN TETE PROVINCE

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 30 Dec 86 p 1

[^Article by Noe Dimande]

[Text] "Tete is one of the provinces that depend on donations to offset their

food deficit," Governor Eduardo Arao observed during a meeting with agriculture

cadres. In this regard, he stressed the need to exert an effort to organize

food production in the countryside, despite the military aggression which South

Africa is perpetrating through the armed bandits. "Although it is a fact that

the problems are the result of a very real situation which we are experiencing,

we must be realistic. Within our capabilities, we could be doing something,

which we are not, because of organizational problems," the governor said.

In response to this concern of the authorities, there are plans for the reintegration of the productive force represented by the peasant families, driven

from their native areas by the criminal activities of the armed bandits. In

Tete Province, there are plans to maximize use of the agricultural potential

existing in Changana District, Vale de Xitima, Cahora Bassa District, Vale de

Inhartanda and Benga, the last two of which are on the outskirts of the city

of Tete.

These are the locations noted by the provincial government as suitable for the

settlement of families that have abandoned their districts because of the lack

of security. The situation is better in these areas than in the districts

located north of the Zambeze River.

These areas are contemplated for the implementation of possible emergency programs to benefit the population displaced by the South African destabilization.

This aid is to be oriented toward ensuring food production by the peasants

themselves, to whom the aid will be directed.

In this regard, Governor Arao reported recently that a team from an international

organization was in the province to assess the situation and the needs in support

of this population. The governor noted that the assistance was not only desirable

in terms of immediate needs, but he felt it was important that this aid be

directed toward projects to reestablish agricultural production in locales where

the displaced population is concentrated.

39
Another factor which will contribute to solving the food shortage in the province is the reorganization of family production through a rural extension

program. This program, which is receiving financing from abroad, takes in

almost the entire province; at this time, however, it is confined to some areas

in districts south of the Zambeze River, since, in districts north of the

river, the state of security is precarious.

Hands to the Earth

"The rural extension program is intended to cover the entire province, taking

an optimistic view of the development, of the current military situation," we

learned from Jose Antonio, a foreign technician involved in the implementation

of this project. He called attention to the fact that "if we were not optimistic, the program would be limited to some areas which are not affected by the

South African war of destabilization."

Jose Antonio was referring to the second phase of the program for the recovery

of family farm production in Tete, which is known as the Rural Extension

Program. The program is financed by the Danish Agency for International Development (DANIDA), which spent the first 2 years marketing production materials,

through AGRICOM [Agricultural Products Marketing Company], with the aim of

providing incentives for agricultural production. Starting in the new year,

the program should enter the second phase, consisting in organizing the family

productive force.

Invoking the need to'get your hands in the earth, to get in touch with it,"

Stig Jelkilde, a DANIDA official serving with the program in Tete Province,

noted that the Rural Extension Program "is one of identification, because we

do not yet have the data to fully unleash this productive force.

•What we are interested in is support for the full agricultural development of

Tete Province, without creating new agencies," the same official noted. He

stressed that the program is basically a mechanism for providing services to

the family producer, so he can avail himself of the funds made available by

DANIDA and the means provided by the North American organization "World Vision."

While DANIDA has made a fund of $15 million available over a 5-year period, in

increments of $3 million annually, "World Vision" has already provided seed,

bicycles, slickers and boots for the agricultural workers who will oversee the

enlistment of the peasant labor force.

Moreover, "World Vision" has provided a truck and three motor vehicles for the

Provincial Agricultural Directorate department engaged in the program.

Within the framework of the program, a Rural Extension Department was created

at the provincial level, which will oversee the entire project. Each district

will have a rural extension director who will work with the extension agents.

The agents are technicians who will work with 10 recruiters. These, in turn,

will enlist up to 100 families; for this purpose, they will be issued bicycles

provided by "World Vision."

40
Rationalize Production Methods

"The heart of this program is practically within the limits of the city of

Tete, making use of the existing organizational tools," we were told by Jose

Antonio, who explained that he is seeking to create a training center for

promotors of this project in the Casa Agraria.

"The purpose of the center, in a first phase, is to train a limited number of

extension agents and recruiters, who will come from all the rural areas in the

province, Jose Antonio said, noting that "these individuals will be given an

intensive course, aimed at improving production methods without trying to

introduce radical modifications in the traditional organization of peasant

agriculture."

The extension agents will have small rural extension demonstration plots,

in areas representative of the agricultural characteristics of the particular

zone. The whole extension program is built around a policy of small irrigation

systems, aimed at expanding rural production.

As an agricultural technician, the extension agent will be a civil servant,

within the Agriculture Directorate budget, but the recruiter will be a political

figure who has the confidence of the people and whose function will be to

dynamize rural agricultural production.

"This rural extension program will be complemented by closer regulation of the

activities of the Department for Prevention of and Combat against Natural

Disasters," said Jose Antonio; "otherwise, in the border areas, we would be

fostering smuggling."

Our interviewee stressed that the rural extension program is aimed, first, at

augmenting the potential of the family sector, after which it will "look at the

question of increasing efficiency to ensure subsistence production and to

attempt to obtain a surplus for the market."

Underlying the program is the stabilization of the nutritional levels of the

population, which is thought to have been achieved through the donations

received from the international community.

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MOZAMBIQUE

WATER RESEARCH STATION TO BE BUILT IN NHAMATANDA

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 23 Dec 86 p 2

[Text] Plans call for comoletion of the construction work on the facility

for water research and the digging of wells being built in Nhamatanda, in the

province of Sofala. This project is being financed by the UNICEF at an

estimated cost of $350,000, or 14 million meticals, while the Mozambican

government will contribute locally available materials.

After completion of the project, which includes the construction of rooms for

the workers, an office, storage area, kitchen, carpentry and metal-working

shops, research work and the digging of wells will begin, with a view to

supplying the settlements in that part of the province of Sofala with water.

Lucas Bosnia, the coordinating engineer for the Nhamatanda Water Research

Station, went on to say, after providing our reporters with this information,

that the goal of this project is to supply good quality water in sufficient

quantity to more than 70 percent of the rural population by the middle of the

1990s.

This engineer also said that there is no need to fear exhausation of the water

table which supplying the population of Nhamatanda, since the local people are

accustomed to traveling long distances to obtain water.

He further said that in order to ensure that the wells which will be drilled

continue to have water after the water table is reached, it will be necessary

to drill several cubic decimeters further, so as to reach a subterranean

source which can provide water to more than 500 families.

Three months ago, the project was provided with one of the three vehicles

planned to speed up the work, as well as equipment for the carpentry and

metal-working shop, among other things.

At the site where the construction work on the water research and welldrilling station is under way, a major effort is being pursued to complete the

projects within the scheduled period.

The project work, which is being done by Dutch and Mozambican engineers and

contractors, as well as workers from the CETA enterprise, is well advanced.

42
Engineer Lucas Bosma, the project coordinator, told NOTICIAS that the work, of

excavating wells will be extended to other points in the province of Sofala

which most need water, such as the district of Gorongosa.

According to this official's information, the water obtained from the first

drillings for this precious liquid in the district of Nhamatanda proved to be

of good quality.

He expressed confidence that the goals planned for the water research station

project after the conclusion of the work in progress will be achieved.

Water Analysis and Treatment

The Regional Environmental Health Center in Sofala plans to focus serious

attention on the well water consumed by the people of Beira in the coming

days.

The water treatment effort to be undertaken is designed to eliminate certain

diseases resulting from the consumption of impurities and certain bacteria in

the well water.

Along with this, a series of measures which will improve the work of checking

on and treatment of the water from the wells the provincial capital city of

Sofala now has have just been approved by the Regional Environmental Health

Center, after intensive work done on the neighborhood level by a medical team.

According to Dr Maximo Azzariti, it is advisable for citizens who have wells

at this time to boil or filter the water before consuming it, in order to

eliminate certain impurities and bacteria which cause disease.

This official recommended that the owners of wells suspected of containing

contaminated water inform the Regional Environmental Health Center of their

location, with a view to analysis and treatment.

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MOZAMBIQUE

PRC FINANCES MAPUTO WATER WELL DRILLING PROJECT

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 27 Dec 86 p 8

[Text] Yesterday morning, Lopes Tembe, Mozarabican ambassador to the People's

Republic of China, and Zhang Baosheng, his Chinese counterpart in our country,

visited the works in progress at the sites of the emergency project to supply

well water to the city of Maputo; they were accompanied by Zhu Fuchen, economic

counselor of the Chinese Embassy; Arnaldo Lopes Pereira, national director of

waterworks in our country; and Frederico Martins, director of the Maputo Water

Company. The project is financed by the Chinese Government (about 40 million

meticals) and in part by Mozambique (about 20 million meticals).

The project calls for drilling 20 wells for the captation of underground water;

the first phase is almost completed, lacking only the delivery of all the documentation, which, after review by the Chinese, will be formally handed to our

country.

The second and last phase pertains to the water supply itself, including the

installation of the necessary equipment (motor pumps) and construction of other

infrastructures inherent to the project.

The wells will ensure a supply of water to 80,000 or 100,000 people who live

in the districts of Laulane, FPLM, Aeroporto, Urbanizacao, Chamanculo and

Mavalane. Some factories located in these zones will also benefit.

The first locale to be visited by the two ambassadors and their party was the

residence of the Chinese technicians who are working on the project, located in

the Ferroviario das Mahotas District. At that time, Lopes Tembe listened as

Tang Din Gian, chief of the team, explained the project and its objectives,

basically, to alleviate the water supply problem.

It was explained that, from the time the first phase of the project was initiated,

in August 1986, until December, 22 bores were drilled instead of the 20 that were

originally planned.

It is expected that, on conclusion of the second phase (consisting in the installation of the pumps, storage tanks and other infrastructures inherent in the

project), at the end of 1987, between 80,000 and 100,000 people will benefit from

this water supply, which will be piped to public fountains and residences.

44
The wells reach depths of from 80 to 200 meters and will permit the captation

of 30 to 50 cubic meters of water per hour per well. The first phase is considered completed, lacking only the delivery of all the data pertaining to the

project, which are still being worked up by some of the Chinese technicians.

Next, the visitors had an opportunity to view the operation of the largest

existing well in the nation's capital, which is in front of the residence of the

Chinese technicians. This well, which is functioning in an experimental phase,

was drilled by the project's crew members; it is 216 meters deep and can bring

up 50 cubic meters of water per hour.

On that occasion, many people were gathered around, availing themselves of this

precious fluid which is seldom seen in the taps and local fountains in the

Ferroviario das Mahotas District.

Later, the visitors, accompanied by the technicians and chief of the crew working

on the project, moved to the FPLM District, situated on the avenue of the same

name and near the Praca dos Combatants. There, the visitors had an opportunity

to see three wells which are already completed and sealed over, awaiting

installation of the pumps and respective storage tanks.

These three wells, about 10 meters apart, each have a capacity of 50 cubic meters

per hour; once the second phase of the project is concluded, they will serve

about 20,000 people, as well as factories, in this district.

Near the end of the morning, the two ambassadors went to the Embassy of China,

where a well will presently be drilled to improve the water supply to these

installations.

At that locale, the Mozarabican ambassador talked with the Chinese technicians

who were working there with some Mozambicans; they explained the operation of

the drilling equipment, which is mounted on a truck. It takes 2 or 3 days to

complete a well, if the work is not interrupted.

Finally, at the residence of the Chinese technicians, a luncheon was offered to

Ambassador Lopes Tembe and the other members of the party.

At that time, Lopes Tembe thanked his hosts for the opportunity to visit the

works in progress on the emergency project to supply water to the outlying districts of the city of Maputo. "This project is a great step forward m solving

the problem of the water shortage which is affecting some districts. This project is the result of real and concrete cooperation between the two countries

and peoples," he said.

Continuing, Lopes Tembe voiced the hope that some day the rivers and water tables

in our country will be put to use, with Chinese cooperation, because "there is

no reason for our country to suffer from the effects of the drought when so

much water is being lost to the sea," he stressed.

6362

CSOt 3442/66

45
MOZAMBIQUE

SWEDISH AGENCY COOPERATING IN RURAL WATER PROJECT

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 20 Dec 86 p 3

[Article by Naftal Donaldo]

[Text] The local and international importance of the positive results

achieved through cooperation between our country and the Swedish Agency for

International Development (ASDI) in carrying out programs developed by the

UNICEF is confirmed by the work done by both domestic and foreign bodies. It

includes production of and quality checking on the manual pumps manufactured

for use in the rural water project, as well as other equipment for the

automobile fleet, hotel industry and domestic use produced by the Mozambican

enterprise operating in the former Octavio de Jesus Cardoso plant in Maputo.

At a seminar in Abidjan in the Ivory Coast, the Mozambican delegation working

with the rural water project praised the technical characteristics of the

Indian Mark II manual pump, confirming opinions obtained from sources at

various points in our country where this equipment is in use.

State, collective and private bodies prefer to use the manual pump produced

locally, because of its great durability, easy handling, low cost and simple

maintenance and repair.

This point of view, revealed by the statements of local and international

individuals, does not disparage the testing of different types of hydraulic

equipment obtained from other countries for the same purpose, since the

factory is capable of producing accessories for these manual pumps.

The popularity of the manual electric pump locally called the "rural" is not

unrelated to the establishment of the enterprise now occupying the premises of

the former Octavio de Jesus Cardoso enterprise. Two years ago, a Mozambican

group asked the Ministry of Industry and Energy for authorization to establish

a factory unit for the production of equipment described as "light industrial"

in nature, with two enterprises in Maputo and Machava participating.

According to Carlos Collinson, the request was granted and the group

established its factory in Maputo. Once work had begun, the UNICEF provided a

sample electrically-powered manual pump to the factory for experimental

46
production. That UN body is one of the contributors to the rural water

project in Mozambique, which is designed to provide the rural sector with

wells to supply its population with water.

The first model, after adaptation to the local geological conditions, was

tested in August of 1984, and at the beginning of last year one was installed

at the consumer cooperative in Laulane, in the environs of the capital, to

provide the residents of that peripheral district with drinking water.

"Mass production and distribution on the domestic market were only achieved

after we had made improvements. The "rural" can pump 20 liters of water per

minute and can be used either for wells or waterholes. We are told that one

of the pumps from the last order for Inhambane is to be used at a well in

Vilanculo where the water table is at the 60-meter level," the factory manager

explained.

According to our interlocutor, the brass tubing and soles for the suction

mechanism, plates for the conversion head and unfinished rods are imported

from Sweden. The National Iron and Laminating Company (CIFEL) casts the

^c^dxretion-nutSjpistons and suction mechanisms. The woodworking, welding,

finishing and^ai^rtirng--d-e^ar^]nents of the former Octavio de Jesus Cardoso

enterprise make their contrTbuHmrTo~-the~-production of the "rural." Among

the various components required for its functioning, this model uses metal

sleeves and pistons produced in the furnace departing

The estimate for the unit is 40,000 meticals, and the demanchisenormous. At

the moment, we only have 350 pumps—ready^for "use in stock. HIDROMOG-and COMEL

sell the eqiiipment. The customers are the state, the cooperatives andTThe^

private sector .^^CariosCollinson s4id in discussing the demand for the

"rural." He added that this~hydrauiic mechanism is expected to function for 2

years without needing any replacement of parts, and it carries a 15-year

guarantee.

It is recommended, to ensure the long life and efficiency of the manual

pumps, that cleaning and the replacement of some parts be undertaken after 2-

years of use. These recommendations, set forth in the manual compiled for the

purpose, are based on the recent tests.

5157

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47
MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

MEDICINES FROM ITALY—Some 27 containers filled with medicines and farm equipment, valued at more than $1 million, arrived yesterday in Maputo aboard the

Italian ship "Anna Maria Elle." These medical and agricultural materials constitute the second part of a donation from the Italian Government to our country.

The first shipment was unloaded last September. Of the 27 containers, 20 carry

medicines to strengthen the response capability of hospital sectors in all the

provinces of the country. The other 7 containers are loaded with farm equipment,

such as irrigation pumps, plastic buskets, hand carts and nets, as well as

various other agricultural equipment to be used to rehabilitate the green zones

in Maputo Province, the property of the Secretariat of State for Agricultural

Hydraulics. The ship which brought this second shipment left the Italian port

of Livorno on 7 November 1986, with stopovers at the Mozambican ports of Nacala

and Beira, where another donation was unloaded, which was given by an Italian

relggious organization to Caritas de Mocambique. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in

Portuguese 24 Dec 86 p l] 6362

SOVIET FRIENDSHIP VISIT—A delegation from the Belorussian Soviet Socialist

Republic, which has been visiting here as part of Friendship Week between our

country and the Soviet Union, left Maputo yesterday for Inhambane Province, with

the hope of extending this type of event to other parts of the country. The

delegations participating in Friendship Week were led by Abner Sansao Muthemba,

secretary general of the AMASP [Mozambican Association of Friendship and Solidarity with Peoples] and by V. Verkmovets, president of the Belorussian State Committee for Technical Professional Education. The delegation should remain in

Inhambane for 4 days, during which the Mozambicans and Soviets will take part in

various meetings to trade experiences in social, economic and cultural areas.

Particular attention will be devoted to the need for stronger promotion of

friendship and peace among the peoples of the world. According to information

handed to us, the celebration of Friendship Week in Inhambane should end on 30

December, at which time the participants in this event will return to Maputo.

[Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 27 Dec 86 p 8] 6362

48
GEOMOC PLANS DRILLING—On page 3 of our issue last Saturday, we published a

report entitled "GEOMOC Seeks Financing for Digging Wells." It contained some

inaccuracies, and as a result we have received a request for correction from

the GEOMOC enterprise which reads as follows: "In connection with the report

published on 20-12-86 concerning the GEOMOC in Beira, we wish to correct

certain passages. Generally speaking, the correct form of the report is as

follows: The GEOMOC has planned 13 drillings in Beira and Sofala, with an

estimated budget of about 6 million meticals. Of these 13 drillings planned,

some may benefit the population, if an investor, which in this case might be

the Executive Council, can be found. We also want to make it clear that the

GEOMOC is not developing wells, but rather drilling holes. The task of

establishing the GEOMOC in Beira was begun in November of 1985, and it began

operation on 5 June of this year. The drilling work will initially involve

the district of Nhamatanda—more specifically, the Nhamatanda Hospital and

Training Center, but not the Dondo Political-Military Center. In this

district, there is insufficient and somewhat brackish water at a depth of 40

meters. It was for this reason, and not because the work was badly done, that

it was decided that the future drilling should be deeper. An expenditure of

200 contos per month is being made on accommodations, because no housing is

available." We apologize to our esteemed readers and anyone who may have

suffered because of our errors. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 23 Dec

86 p 2] 5157

CSO:3442/53

49
NIGERIA

SFEM RECEIVES BOOST FROM COUNTERTRADE

London AFRICA ECONOMIC DIGEST in English 13-19 Dec 86 p 10

[Text]

Recent government negotiations with its

major countertrade partners, Brazil and

Austria, have resulted in a provisional

agreement to release additional funds for

the second-tier foreign exchange market

(SFEM), financial sources say (AED

22:11:86:5:7:86).

The government has agreed with a

——Brazilian government trade delegation,

whicffvisited at the end of November, that

an initial $1ÖrJmillion will be released for

auction on the SFEMrLagos sources say.

The money-which will bebidior in parallel

with the otherfunds at the SFEMweek

auctions -is not to be tied to specific

Brazilian goods, AED understands. Some

$360 million in Nigeria's favour has lain in

the United Bankfor Africa (UBA) escrow

accountin New York since the $500 million

agreement lapsed in 1984.

However, the remaining escrow funds will

be earmarked for the purchaseof Brazilian

goods, although Nigerian importers will

have greater control over the kind of goods

and prices than under previous

countertrade arrangements. Brazilian

trading house Cotia, which signed the

original deal, will have an agency role in the

hew procedure.

Brazil's Foreign Affairs Minister Roberto

Casta de Abreu Sodre, who headed the

30-strong delegation, confirmed on 27

November that agreement had been

reached on a "mutally advantageous"

/9317

CSO: 3400/797

basis. The cash balance in Nigeria's favour

reflects oil supplied to Brazil, worth $500

million/with Nigeria importing Brazilian

goods worth only $140 million, he added.

A similar deal is near finalisation with

Austria, with which Nigeria agreed a$200

million countertrade deal in April 1985,

London financial sources say. Nigeriahas

a $130 million cash balance in the escrow

account, they add.

A representative of Austria's Voest«

Alpine Intertrading has returned to Lagos

for the second time within a month to

complete negotiations on releasing the

funds on SFEM to buy Austrian goods.

Lagos sources say there are problems in

"identifying Austrian products required by

Nigenarumporters, although SteyrDaimler-Pücli, which has avehicle

assembly planffpr tractors and trucks in

Bauchi, is likely to Dethe main benficiary.

Conclusion ofthese arrangements will be

accompanied by a mode^t<evival in

countertrading deals, AED understands.

The government has decided to setaside

175,000 barrels a day (b/d) in exchangefor

raw materials, basic products and spare

parts over the next five years. Some ofthis

will be used to pay for work on a number of

industrial projects, including French

contractors Dumez and Fougerolle forthe

Ajakouta steel complex. Deliveries of

crude to Poland's Kopex to settle payment

arrears on the supply of mining equipment

are also expected soon.

50
NIGERIA

BRIEFS

FOURTH REFINERY CONSTRUCTION BEGINS—Construction of the long-delayed

fourth oil refinery at Port Harcourt is under way, following the completion

of a "complex financing package," a representative of French contractor

Spie-Batignolles (Spibat) has confirmed (AED 15:2:86; 7:12:85, page 2).

French export credit agency Coface has provided guarantees for the French

component of the funding package, which AED understands to be on mainly

commercial terms, although Spibat was reluctant to provide precise details

at this stage. The company was awarded the contract to build the refinery

in February 1985 in consortium with Japan's JGC Corporation which is

supplying refinery equipment and Marubeni Corporation. Spibat*s construction contract is valued at FF 2,400 million ($371 million) while the

Japanese partners arranged a $280 million credit backed by Japan's International Trade and Industry Minister in November 1985. Spibat expects to

complete the refinery—which will have the capacity to process 150,000

barrels a day of crude—within the stipulated two years, AED was told.

A spokesman for JGC's London office also confirmed that company personnel,

including several UK technicians, went to Nigeria during October. [Text]

[London AFRICA ECONOMIC DIGEST in English 13-19 Dec 86 p 10] /9317

CSO: 34ÜQ/Z98 __

51
SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

EXILED LEADER DISCUSSES CONDITIONS FOR RETURN

Lisbon 0 JORNAL in Portuguese 19-23 Dec 86 p 4

/Article by Jose Pedro Castariheira and Daniel Ribeiro/

/Text/ "The conditions for my return to Sao Tome and Principe are not yet being met," former Prime Minister Miguel Trovoada told 0 JORNAL in Paris where he

is now spending his time in exile. Sao Tomean President Manuel Pinto da Costa

has already asserted that Trovoada may return to the country whenever he wishes.

"A return at this time does not make sense inasmuch as there has been no change

in the political picture and no possibility of a dialogue," was the statement

made to 0 JORNAL by the former leader of the MLSTP (Movement for the Liberation

of Sao Tome and Principe) who was thrown out of office by a palatial coup in

1979 and subsequently spent 20 months in prison.

The possibility of Miguel Trovoada's return to Sao Tome and Principe was clearly

acknowledged by Manuel Pinto da Costa, president of the Democratic Republic of

Sao Tome and Principe, during the visit of Mario Soares. Questioned by 0 JORNAL

at a press conference, Pinto da Costa said that Trovoada "may return whenever he

cares to do so."

Trovoada is refusing to return because the conditions he has set for his return

are not being met. 0 JORNAL learned from diplomatic sources that one of those

conditions was allegedly the withdrawal of the Cuban troops who are helping to

mold the incipient Sao Tomean Armed Forces and whose presence is being supplemented by troops from the People's Republic of Angola who were stationed in the

archipelago at the request of the local leaders. Another condition is the assurance that the present policy of economic reform would be pursued, particularly in the sense of increasing liberalization. Lastly, Trovoada would champion

the opening of the regime to all dissidents and not just to himself.

Moreover, as he himself has stated, Trovoada has not yet been officially invited

to return. "There have been feelers and indirect messages, but until now there

has been no clear and explicit overture at the highest level," he said.

Meanwhile, a particularly well-placed source has indicated that the feelers in

question were made by "high-level African leaders" one of whom was allegedly

Gabonese President Omar Bongo. Another intermediary is said to have been Manuela Margarido who in all probability will be appointed Sao Tomean ambassador to

52
UNESCO. Of Sao Tomean nationality, Manuela Margarido lives in Paris and is

married to Portuguese sociologist and university professor Alfredo Margarido.

Another intermediary, although indirect, is said to have been Mario Soares himself, a personal friend of Miguel Trovoada and said to be particularly interested in strengthening political relations between Portugal and Sao Tome and

Principe. Whenever Soares goes to Paris, he attempts to meet with Trovoada;

and it was through Soares that Miguel Trovoada, as observer, attended the Congress of the Socialist International which met in Algarve.

Five Resignations in the Government

Ever since last year the current regime of the former Portuguese colony of

equatorial Africa has been turning toward the West. Among the causes of that

political change is the collapse of Sao Tome's economy, almost 90 percent dependent on cocoa cultivation. Although worthy of caricature, the lack of a

machine to photocopy the communique relative to the visit of Mario Soares is a

clear indication to what point the shortage of goods and services has descended

in that small country.

Ever since then, Portugal has been viewed as a door to the West.

"I am looking forward to the visit of President Mario Soares with great eagerness," said Pinto da Costa last November at Anacoreta Correia when the latter

went to Sao Tome on a mission connected with the nongovernmental organizations

(ONG's).

The advantages of this overture were immediately seized upon by Mario Soares

who, a few weeks after taking office as president, sent his Sao Tomean counterpart a private message through businessman Vasco Pereira Coutinho. This businessman is about to sign a sizable contract with that country for the exploitation of one of Sao Tome's biggest cocoa plantations, the Agua-Ize, which belonged to the CUF until that company was nationalized after independence.

Overtures to the West were apparently fully confirmed during the visit of Mario

Soares when Sao Tome's head of state asked the Portuguese president to intercede on his behalf with U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Brazilian President

Jose Sarney as well as with Willy Brandt, leader of the Socialist International.

But those overtures are also apparent in other ramifications of the Sao Tomean

policy, such as authorization given to the U.S. fleet to drop anchor in front

of the capital. Still more significant are the negotiations going on with the

World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.

However, this profound political change does not appear to have the unanimous

support of the Sao Tomean leaders. In addition to alleged misunderstandings

between the government and the MLSTP (the only party), there are differences of

opinion within the Executive itself. This atmosphere was reflected in the resignation of five ministers even before the visit of Mario Soares. Prominent

among those who resigned is Agostinho Rita, the influential minister of planning who introduced the reforms in the Sao Tomean economy. Expected at any

53
moment, therevamping of the government will be a good indicator of the real

potential of^fche regime.

In the opinion of most-observers, Sao Tome and Principe's future is particularly linked with that of its^neighbor, Gabon. Considered the second richest country of Black Africa, Gabon is Simultaneously the path leading to the important

free zone and to the development of-tourism (a sector where Sao Tome offers

enormous potentialities and through whichits economic development must pass) .

Until a few years ago, relations with Gabon^were marked by a certain amount of

tension aggravated by the fact that Libreville hadwelcomed some of the Sao

Tomean dissidents. There was even fear in the archipelago of an invasion by

President Omar Bongo's forces.

Relations between the two neighbors are now on a more friendly^asis. Gabon is

the only outlet—aerial and maritime—to the outside world. 4nd Omar^Bongo has

taken it upon himself personally to reconcile the Sao Tomean politiciansT^hus,

it was at the instigation of the Gabonese president that Pinto da Costa met witlT

medical dissident Carlos Graca. Minijrfcer^of health in Miguel Trovoada's regime,

Graca was sentenced to 20 years in prison, a sentence later rescinded by Presi-^-

dent Pinto da Costa. Diplomatic sources maintain that^it is almost^certain, that

Carlos Graca will return to Sao Tome where he is expected to occupy an important

post in the governmental area. "—-

Other dissidents are hopefully awaiting the development of events. Of the 13

members of MLSTP's political bureau at the date of independence, the majority

are no longer a part of the current regime having taken up residence abroad—

Portugal, France, Sweden, Cape Verde and Gabon. Of those imprisoned in 1979,

only Jose Frete has been exonerated and is now serving as ambassador in Libreville.

In addition to MigueÜ/Trovoada (who is working in a firm engaged in the cocoa

trade), France is the current residence of Miguel's son, Patrick, a childhood

friend of Pintojda Costa's daughter, who is also in Paris attending school.

8568

CSO: 3442/68
SIERRA LEONE

VICE PRESIDENT TO ORGANIZE SUPREME ISLAMIC BODY

AB240622 London BBC World Service in English 1515 GMT 23 Jan 87

[Text] Sierra Leone's Muslim population is in some disarray within.

While the Christian churches operate under the umbrella of the United

Christian Council [UCC], there is no similar body for the Muslims.

This is why President Momoh recently instructed his vice president,

A.B. Kamara, to organize a supreme Islamic body for the country. The

vice president is leading Sierra Leone's delegation to the Islamic

conference which opens in Kuwait today. But before he left Freetown,

Daniel Camara asked him why there were many Muslim groups to unite.

[Begin recording] [Kamara] Oh, there are a plethora of organizations,

well over 25.

ICamara] What is the aim in trying to achieve unity within these Muslim

organizations?

[Kamara] The purpose for establishing the supreme Islamic body is to

coordinate all the activities of Muslim organizations in this country

and to liaise between government on the one hand and the Muslims on the

other in the same way as the UCC is doing.

[Camara] Last year, Muslims in Sierra Leone for the first time failed to

go for pilgrimage to Mecca. Would you say that this has been as a result

of the disorganization of Muslim activities in the country?

[Kamara] It certainly is. As a matter of fact, the Muslims rather belatedly

applied to government for assistance because they were having difficulties

in securing foreign exchange. Government voted the sum of 50,000 dollars

for the purpose. Somehow, this money, although it was paid to the organizers

of the pilgrimage, the people never went. We found out that the reason why

the organizers did not make the proper arrangement was because we had said

as a government that the money that was voted was to help only pilgrims who

were going for the first time and not those who had been before and were

making second or subsequent visits. Because of this, apparently, the

organizers, most of whom had been more than twice or three times, did not

show interest in sending the new pilgrims to Mecca that year.

55
[Camara] Will this be a condition next time around?

[Kamara] Yes, speaking for myself personally and as a Muslim, I would

rather every year whatever amount we have, as government, to help people

going on pilgrimage; it is only those who are going for the first time.

[Camara] How does this disorganized state of affairs affect Sierra

Leone's Muslims internationally?

[Kamara] Well, not well I supposed. It certainly cannot give them a good

image abroad and particularly in Saudi Arabia where the pilgrimage is

taking place.

[Camara] How far have you gone toward bringing about the unity of Islam

within this country?

[KamaraJ Well, you may know, an organization of this kind will need a

constitution, and the present position is that at the last meeting we held,

just about 3 weeks ago, I established a consultative body to draft a

constitution for the organization. I invited also organizations to submit

copies of their constitutions to this consultative body to help them draft

the constitution. And from the report I received from the chairman of the

constitutional committee, they are working very hard and in another week

or two, I will be receiving the draft constitution which I will then take

to another plenary meeting of all the organizations and other interested

bodies, [end recording]

/12858

CSO: 3400/899

56
SIERRA LEONE

BBC ON STUDENT UNREST AMONG UNIVERSITY, SECONDARY SCHOOLS

AB291740 London BBC World Service in English 1709 GMT 29 Jan 87

[From the "Focus on Africa" program]

[Text] The confrontation between students and the authorities in Sierra

Leone goes on and on. It began when university students went on strike

demanding Increased food allowances. They got little sympathy from the

government. Yesterday college campuses were closed down, nearly 300

students were suspended, and security forces moved into college premises.

Today secondary school students joined in the rumpus and again they met

with a tough response. From Freetown, Kaleu Kamara cabled this report:

Well over 50 secondary schoolboys and streetboys who jumped on the

students' bandwagon were arrested in various points of the city early

this morning by policemen and party militia who fired light ammunition

and tear gas grenades in the east end of Freetown and the foothills of

Mount Auriol where Fourah Bay College nestles.

Senior police officers at headquarters said they were too busy today to

say anything on the situation, especially on whether there had been any

casualties since Monday when students at Njala University College [NUC]

vacated campus and enlisted the support of schoolchildren in Bo and Kenema.

Two students are reported to have been killed when police opened fire in

the Kenema disturbances which was spearheaded by NUC students ignoring

the entreaties of student leader Sahr Foyor who had appealed for nonviolence.

On the face of it, the gap between the student union position and that of

the government on the food issue seems to be only of 3 leones which

President Momoh has the popularity to solve by using his good offices

especially in his capacity as chancellor of the University of Sierra Leone.

President Momoh's government in a statement last night said it seems that

some elements in the student body are bent on seeking unnecessary confrontation with the government and on misleading others in our society, thereby

creating a tense situation in an already difficult economic climate which

government has been doing everything possible to control.

/12858

CSO: 3400/899

57
SIERRA. LEONE

BRIEFS

FINANCIAL AGREEMENTS WITH JAPAN—Sierra Leone and Japan on Friday [9 January]

in Freetown signed two agreements under which Japan will grant to Sierra

Leone a total subsidy of 600 million yen, that is more than 1 million CFA

francs. Under the first agreement, a sum of 450 million yen will be used to

finance water projects in the northern part of the country, while the second,

involving a sum of 150 million yen, will be used to purchase Burmese rice.

[Text] [Libreville Africa No. 1 in French 0630 GMT 11 Jan 87 AB] /9738

FIRST PLO REPRESENTATIVE ANNOUNCED—Sierra Leone's Foreign Affairs Ministry

today announced the appointment of Saad Hamdan al-Gerjawi, 46, as the first

PLO representative in Sierra Leone with the rank of ambassador. Mr Gerjawi,

who will reside in Freetown, was born in Palestine in 1940 and was educated

at Damascus and Cambridge (Great Britain) Universities. He joined the PLO

ranks in 1967 and was notably director of the Palestinian Cultural Center in

Khartoum. In a joint communique issued in June 1986 at the end of PLO leader

Yasir 'Arafat's visit to Freetown, Sierra Leone and the PLO had pledged to

"examine how to consolidate, expand, and strengthen their relations." [Text]

[Paris AFP in French 1321 GMT 30 Dec 86 AB] /9738

CSO: 3400/902

58
TOGO

NATIONAL SECURITY ISSUES DOMINATE RPT CONGRESS

London AFRICA ECONOMIC DIGEST in English 13-19 Dec 86 p 11

[Text]

National security was the main item on the

agenda at the fourth congress of the ruling

Rassemblement du Peuple Togolais (RPT)

in Lome from 4-7 December (AED

29:11:86).

The 2,000 delegates passed a series of

resolutions aimed at preventing another

coup attempt like that staged by Togolese

exiles in September. These included a call

for the government to "revise" diplomatic

and economic relations with states

allowing the organisation of "terrorist"

activities on their territory. Although no

country was specifically named, the

government has accused both Ghana and

Burkina Faso of complicity in the attack

(AED 27:9:86).

The congress also recommended

transferring the capital from Lome to the

interior. This could well be President

Eyadema's home town of Kara in the north,

political observers say.

As expected, the congress endorsed

Eyadema for a further seven-year term. No

date was announced for a presidential

election — in which Eyadema will be sole

candidate—although it should take place

by the end of the year, the observers add.

Eyadema, who seized power in a 1967

military coup, was first elected for a sevenyear term as president in December 1979.

Contrary to expectations, and despite a

24-hour extension to the congress, no

recommendations were made on

resuming diplomatic ties with Israel. The

issue was not raised in the final plenary

session of 6 December or during the

closing session presided over by

Eyadema. Nevertheless, it was the main

topic of conversation outside the formal

proceedings, according to conference

sources, who confirm that a political

commission set up to examine the question

had recommended links be restored.

The congress also elected a new

Politbüro, which has grown from nine to 13

members. Apart from Eyadema, Interior

Minister Kpotivi Lacle and Equipment,

Mines, Energy & Water Resources, Posts &

Telecommunications Minister Barry

Moussa Barque, the other members have

all been elected for the first time.

Government members include Rural

Planning Minister Samon Kortho, Trade &

Transport Minister Pali Djalla, Education

Minister Komla Agbetiafa and Public

Works, Labour & Civil Service Minister

Yagnim Bitokotipov. The RPT central

committee was also increased from 15 to

46 members.

/9317

CSO: 3400/797

59
TOGO

MORE PARASTATALS SCHEDULED FOR PRIVATIZATION

London AFRICA ECONOMIC DIGEST in English 13-19 Dec 86 pp 11, 12

[Text]

The government's privatisation policy is

continuing, with agreements almost

concluded to sell off six more state-owned

enterprises, State Enterprises Ministry

sources say.

The latest agreements involve Societe de

Detergents du Togo (Sodeto), Industrie

des Oleagineux du Togo (loto), Huileries

Togotaises and Societe des Salines du

Togo (Salinto).

Danish group Domo Kemi and West

Germany's Nienhaus are reported to be

interested in taking over Sodeto.

Compagnie Francaise pour le

Developpement des Fibres Textiles

(CFDT) and private Togolese interests are

reported to be negotiating for both loto and

Huileries Togolaises, while Belgian and

Togolese bids are in for Salinto.

A preliminary agreement was signed in

October with a US/South Korean group for

the takeover of Societe Togolaise des

Textiles(Togotex) and Industrie

Togolaise des Textiles(ITT—AED

18:10:86).

Successful conclusion of the latest batch

of agreements would double the number of

privatised companies. The six already

privatised are: Industrie Togolaise des

Plastiques(ITP), Societe Togolaise de

Marbrerie & de Materiaux (Sotoma),

Societe Togolaise de Siderurgie(STS),

Societe Togolaise des Hydrocarbures

(STH), Societe Togolaise d'Exploitation

de Materiels Agricoles (Sotexma) and

Societe des Produits Laitiers du Togo

(Soprolait).

Talks are also under way on possible

privatisation offour more companies:

Societe Togolaise de Galvanisation des

Toles(Sototoles)—in which US

businessman STS president John Moore is

interested—Societe Nationale des

Transports Routiers (Togoroute), Office

Togolaise du Disque(Otodi), and

Societe Togolaise de Confection

(Sotcon), at present leased to local firm

Sanecom, which is reported to have put in

a bid.

/9317

CSO: 3400/797

60
ZAMBIA

KAUNDA ASKS PARTY UNITY IN ASSEMBLY

MB170938 Lusaka Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 16 Jan 87

[Text] Comrade President Kenneth Kaunda [words indistinct] for a stop to

anti-party statements in the National Assembly and [words indistinct] the

House Standing Orders Committee to take action against the members of

parliament who do not heed these calls. Comrade Kaunda, who was opening the

fourth session of the fifth National Assembly this morning, said 1987 will be

a year for new [word indistinct], new ideas, new initiatives, and new

perspectives, and not a year for futile, destructive, undesirable (?jibes) in

the house. The president said parliament [words indistinct] Zambia's

participatory democracy, and it should therefore epitomize the unity of

history and not the divergency of history.

He warned members of parliament to realize that the more they expect the party

and government to [words indistinct] the ills facing the country, the more

they expose themselves as individuals for failing to implement party policy.

The president said participants of democracy in Zambia would not [word

indistinct] the freedom to air negative or destructive ideas. Comrade Kaunda

said members of parliament should not be seen [words indistinct]. Rather,

they should take a hard look at their own inability to transform the numerous

party policies into something concrete and beneficial to the nation. The

president cited the agricultural sector where the people, led by their members

of parliament, were accusing the government of failure to boost the sector,

when in fact the truth was that the people themselves implemented party

policies on producer cooperatives and national [words indistinct], the story

would have been different today. The president said leaders and members of

parliament and citizens should all work together for the benefit of the

nation. He said (?even) publicity-seeking politics or narrow thoughtlessness

and negative shortcuts to the nation economic problems should be discarded

forthwith.

Earlier, Comrade Kaunda called on party and government officials to adopt

responbilities, financial management attitudes, and reduce expenditure to

(?suit) the (prevailing) economic situation. The president said in parliament

that [words indistinct] for peaceful discipline, must come to a stop and

officials which did not (subject) the minister of finance to constant pressure

was [word indistinct] for funds which have not been authorized. Comrade

Kaunda said that the nonadherence to the expenditure approved by parliament

was adding to a number of problems that were already overstressed by [words

indistinct]. He said the wide gap between expenditure and revenue was one of

the major budgetary problems as the scope for raising additional funds is

very limited.

/9599

CSO: 3400/856 61
ZAMBIA

IRAQI NEWS AGENCY TO SIGN ACCORD ON NEWS EXCHANGE

MB231507 Lusaka Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 23 Jan 87

[Text] Zambia and Iraq have agreed to establish new contacts at youth level

and to establish a link to facilitate the exchange of news between the

country's respective news agencies. This came to light after what has been

described as a highly successful tour of Iraq by the party secretary general,

Comrade Grey Zulu. National Guidance, Information, and Broadcasting Services

Minister of State Rabson Chongo, who was among those in the party state

delegation, said a protocol was likely to be signed soon between the ZAMBIAN

NEWS AGENCY and the IRAQI NEWS AGENCY on exchange of news. Comrade Chongo

held dicussions with his Iraqi counterpart, ('Abdallah Maymullah), on the

issue. The minister, who is also an executive committee member of the youth

league, also disclosed that the president of the Iraq Students and Youth

Executive Bureau had proposed at the official talks that Zambian youth should

attend this year's Iraq youth congress in Baghdad. A protocol to boost ties

between the Iraqi and Zambian youth is expected to be signed at the congress

whose date was not disclosed.

The party secretary general, Comrade Grey Zulu, has already left Baghdad for

home via London after his official visit to Iraq at the invitation of that

country's ruling Ba'th party. He is expected back home next Sunday and he

will hold a press conference on arrival at Lusaka International Airport to

brief the nation on his visit to Iraq.

/9599

CSO: 3400/856

62
ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

RENT INCREASE PLANNED—Chingola district council is to increase house rents,

rates, and service charges by margins ranging from 100 to 500 percent.

Presenting the council's budget at a full council meeting held at the civic

center, chairman of the finance and general purposes committee of the council,

Comrade (Mkhonte), declared that the increases were intended to eliminate

budgetary deficits which have dogged the council for a number of years now.

He explained that this painful decision was intended to result in a well

balanced budget. [Text] [Lusaka Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT

16 Jan 87] /9599

OFFICIAL SAYS RIOTS WELL ORGANIZED—The inspector general of police, Henry

Mutonga, has said that the Zambian security forces have carried out a

postmortem of the recent food riots on the Copperbelt and the Midlands which

had resulted in a number of people being picked up for further investigations.

Comrade Mutonga said the postmortem has been carried out because the security

forces had reason to believe that some sort of force was behind the riots.

Speaking on Television Zambia's Sunday Interview, Comrade Mutonga said some

revelations of the postmortem showed that the riots were well organized. He

did not give the exact number of people picked up for questioning. The police

chief also disclosed that there were some people who alleged that police

officers were involved in the looting of shops during the rioting on the

Copperbelt, which also left 16 people dead. He explained that there was only

one police officer who was found with a parcel which he failed to account for

and the officer had been prosecuted. Comrade Mutonga gave the number of

people who were arrested during the rioting and looting as 965 but said not

all of them were prosecuted because of lack of evidence. [Text] [Lusaka

Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 26 Jan 87] /9599

DEBT RESCHEDULING AGREEMENT WITH SWITZERLAND—Zambia and Switzerland today

signed an agreement to reschedule Zambia's commercial debt of $5.57 million in

accordance with the Paris Club agreement of 4 March 1986. Prime Minister

Comrade Musokotwane, who until today [as heard] assumed the responsibility of

minister of finance, national planning, and developments, signed on behalf of

Zambia. Swiss ambassador resident in Harare, Petar Troendle, signed on behalf

of his country. Speaking at the signing ceremony at the cabinet office,

Comrade Musokotwane said Zambia appreciated Switzerland's understanding of the

difficulties Zambia was facing, and their assistance in the form of debt

relief. [Text] [Lusaka Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 28 Jan 87]

/9599

CSO: 3400/856

63
SOUTH AERICA

BOYCOTT OF AMERICAN PRODUCTS RECOMMENDED

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 3 Dec 86 p 7

[Editorial: "Sanctions and Privatization11]

[Text] The American government has published a whole long list of South

African firms whose products no longer may be imported. We learn from good

sources in Washington that in drawing up this list of state companies, the

American government received advice from sympathetic businessmen in South

Africa.

The sole reason why precisely state firms are under attack is to encourage the

South African government to privatize state-owned or controlled firms as

quickly as possible. Firms which are more than 25 percent state-controlled

are covered by the American sanctions law.

We have a strong suspicion that most products produced by our state firms can

compete very well with those of American firms. Thus, they offer stiff

competition to American businessmen.

One must further realize that firms that are privatized will fall straight

into the hands of the capitalists—businessmen who do not exactly demonstrate

that further, long-term development of companies is of any particular interest

to them. Short-term profits are their goal.

American sanctions are reason enough to refrain from buying American products

or products produced under American control. Our readers owe it to their

country to strike back where the government is failing and demonstrating that

it continues to run on the Yankee leash.

12593

CSO: 3401/77

64
SOUTH AFRICA

REPRISAL TO SANCTIONS URGED BY WITHHOLDING CHROMIUM, VANADIUM

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 3 Dec 86 p 6

[Editorial: "Government Wasting Its Trump Card"]

[Text] It is incomprehensible that the government believes that the sanctions

that may well be imposed should not cause South Africa to take

countermeasures. In the absence of proof that it is due to other causes, this

position must be attributed to naivety and stupidity.

Chromium, for instance, is a product on which South Africa practically has a

monopoly and which therefore is outstandingly well suited for countermeasures.

If it were not for chromium (and vanadium), to name just two minerals, the

sanctions campaign would have been applied in a far more drastic and general

manner.

Countermeasures against sanctions are simply in our country's interest where

they involve investments and the development of export-oriented manufacturing

industry. A great many of our minerals are essential to the manufacture of

numerous items necessary in engines, tools, and machinery. To the extent that

other countries are forced by the government to manufacture parts here and to

export in the form of final products, many industries will be established

here, precisely because of our unique minerals holdings.

It is well known that the West wishes to fight unemployment because state aid

to the unemployed is expensive and because political pressure is constantly

being exercised on governments by opposition parties using unemployment for

their own ends. South Africa, however, has its own problems and serious

unemployment. It also has important products that the West needs.

The sanctions campaign can best be turned to our advantage by being sure to

develop not only metals refining, but also the manufacture of parts for

motors, machinery, and tools. No country can find fault with this. After

all, ever since the Industrial Revolution in the past century, it was the

West's policy to provide its colonies with finished goods and to use the

colonies as sources of raw materials. What's sauce for the goose is sauce for

the gander. Purposeful action is called for. It is a pity, however, that the

enlightened "National" Party time and time again demonstrates a total lack of

initiative and foresight.

12593

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65
SOUTH AFRICA

FORMER NATIONAL PARTY MP CLAIMS 'REFORM IS DEAD1

MB241646 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1635 GMT 24 Jan 87

[Text] Cape Town, 24 Jan (SAPA)—Top nationalist verligte [enlightened] MP

Mr Wynand Malan today lashed out at President P.W. Botha and his government by

declaring that "reform is dead."

Giving the full reasons behind his decision this week to leave the ruling

party, he spoke of his "crisis of conscience"—of being unable to reconcile

his convictions with major aspects of government policy.

In an interview with THE ARGUS, he said he believed that the time for reform

had passed—"it is dead." He warned that unless the government redefined its

basic philosophy and accommodated everyone in a representative political

system, its intransigence in moving for change would ultimately destroy South

African society and every facet of infrastructure.

He said: "I'm afraid the National Party can no longer meet the political

aspirations of the South African people as a whole or provide the vision for

a new and united and free country."

While reform, as it stood today, was a dead duck, he believed the government

should continue to eradicate discrimination and achieve the best possible

result in the circumstances, in a search for a more equitable political and

economic order. "But whatever it does on this score, in terms of present

policy strategies or the pace of reform." [sentence as published]

He could not come to terms with the "conflict philosophy" embodied in the

basic policy of separating or dividing people by race. He called for the

scrapping of the group areas act, the Separate Amenities Act and all other

forms of discriminatory measures.

"The principle of areas separated on the basis of race must be abandoned.

The Group Areas Act itself should be scrapped. If the government is honest

about abolishing discriminatory legislation I cannot see how the act can be

retained.

66
"For as long as it remains in its present form South Africa will never catch

up with its critical housing shortage. Private initiative is unable to take

over, which leaves only the government as the main agent to provide housing,

as is seen with the proposed Norweto project.

"Although scrapping the act will not necessarily change the revolutionary

climate it is the baasskap [supremacy] philosophy that it embodies—superiority

determined by separate groupings based on colour—that is one of the reasons

why the government is unable to mount meaningful constitutional negotiations.

"The Separate Amenities Act must be scrapped forthwith. It serves no purpose,

as was seen recently with the Allan Hendrickse affair. It should have gone

years ago. It is dangerous to keep it on the statute book but not dangerous to

scrap it."

He believed that the government should begin to talk to the political wing of

the African National Congress and consider, under certain conditions, the

release of ANC leader, Nelson Mandela.

He believed that there should be a new line of thinking on political rights for

urban blacks, in terms of which all groups would be represented at a parliamentary and political level.

"Everyone in South Africa should have the right to determine the government

of the day and to have a direct say in legislative processes," he said.

"I believe there are many checks and balances which transcend divisions

across racial lines to protect mutual and different interests in fields of

religion, education, culture and ethnicity. In the same way, interests of

specific white and black areas which are similar, or the same, or different,

can be protected and developed."

Mr Malan has received a flood of messages of support. He was not considering

starting a political movement but has decided to stand as an independent

because he believes he can become the "focus for certain Ideas."

He has not considered the question of whether other National Party MP's would

follow him. He said he had not had this in mind when he took his decision.

Some of the National Party office-bearers in Randburg have left the party to

support him.

He will attend the last session of the present assembly starting next Friday

but arrangements will have to be made for him to have a new seat in the

debating chamber, away from his former party colleagues.

/9738

CSO: 3400/905

67
SOUTH AERICA

CP ACCUSED OF ATTEMPTS TO DIVIDE MÄRAIS, HNP

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 3 Dec 86 p 1

[Article: "Jaap Marais the CP Target. Motives for Conference Malevolent"]

[Text] The CP's [Conservative Party] unity conference is an attack on the

leader of the HNP [Herstigte Nasionale Party], Jaap Marais, and an effort to

isolate Marais from HNP members, said HNP chairman W. T. Marais.

In a statement on behalf of Pretoria HNP Executive Committee members, W. T.

Marais responded to statements made to a local newspaper by CP Chief Secretary

Dr Frans van Staden. Van Staden confirmed that HNP supporters will be asked

to rally around the CP if HNP leaders continue to "boycott" the unity

conference.

Marais said that from various newspaper reports it has now become clear that

the motive for the planned CP conference in January 1987 is not to promote

unity or unanimity between the CP and the HNP, but rather to try to isolate

Jaap Marais from the members of the HNP.

"In the light of this, Pretoria HNP Executive Committee members wish to

express their sharpest revulsion at this behavior by the CP leadership.

Pressure is being exerted under false colors to bring about unity with the

HNP, whereas it turns out that this idea is being promoted for reasons hostile

to the HNP.

"The CP is clearly interested not in unity out of good will, but in a

malevolent attack.

"Inasmuch as the CP leadership's attack is now unmistakably directed at

Marais, it is obvious that it is an attack not only on Marais, but on the HNP

itself. A leader cannot be attacked with the goal of isolating him from his

followers without attacking the party itself."

Marais said that the CP leaders have thus proposed the "unification congress"

as an excuse to declare war on the HNP. This is the kind of politics one has

to expect from the "National" Party, but it has no place in the politics of

the Right.

68
"This CP attack on the HNP testifies to Jaap Marais's formidable leadership,"

the statement continues. "The CP has demonstrated with this tactic how

powerless it is against the firm principles and firm course of Jaap Marais's

leadership. This latest move by the CP leadership borders on desperation and

recklessness, in trying to pick a personal quarrel to justify its struggle

against the HNP.

"While we are censuring this tactic, we want at the same time to state that

this behavior on the part of the CP leadership only binds HNP members more

strongly to Marais's leadership, if that is possible. He has been tested time

and time again in this struggle. His integrity is unassailable: he has

followed a straight path in politics; time and time again he has demonstrated

his keen insight into politics and the proper interpretation of events; over

and over again he has shown that he has the courage of his convictions and

does not take refuge in excuses when principles must be defended. Marais has

all the qualities required for leadership in this struggle, and it is

astonishing that it is just such a man as this that the CP leadership wants to

get out of the way. This demonstrates personal pettiness, which is totally

out of place in these serious times," the statement says.

12593

CSO: 3401/77

69
SOUTH AERICA

NEW ORGANIZATION CREATED TO MAINTAIN ARMY, POIICE POWER

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 3 Dec 86 p 16

[Article: "New Organization Supports Defense Force. Attacks ECC"]

[Text] A new organization, Veterans for Victory, has been founded in

Johannesburg to fight the newspapers, politicians, and organizations which

defame the Defense Force and police and protect those who refuse to serve as

conscripts.

The chairman of Veterans for Victory, Bob Brown, told DIE AFRIKANER that there

has been a positive reaction from veterans to his protest campaign, which is

still just a few weeks old.

The End Conscription Campaign (ECC), which tries to persuade university and

high school students to refuse to do their national service, is an

unacceptable organization for any right-minded South African young man, Brown

says.

His campaign aims to get the government to forbid that extreme leftist group

totally. He also wants the government to repeal the law that permits young

men to be released from service for "reasons of conscience." "There is no

clean conscience and no moral virtue in trying to shirk your work and get out

of obligations that others do have to fulfill. Refusing to serve is selfish,

cowardly, and morally reprehensible," he says.

Veterans for Victory wants to help strengthen the public's confidence in the

Defense Force and the police and provide accurate information for future

conscripts.

"When the Defense Force and police take stern action against the murderers and

looters in the black townships, the ECC people shout that the Defense Force

should be withdrawn from those townships. Those are reprehensible whites who

want to defame and attack the Defense Force and police from behind," Brown

says. "They're frightened people who give inaccurate information about socalled brutalities allegedly committed by South African soldiers at the

border, while they don't say anything about brutalities and barbarities

committed by SWAPO and the ANC."

70
The ECC is just doing the work of the radical leftists, Brown says. The mere

fact that they are permitted to make propaganda and undermine the Defense

Force's morale is a slap in the face of the many thousands of young men who

complete their 2 years' training with good spirits and dedication every year.

—The ECC is a leftist group associated with the UDF [United Democratic

Front]. It was founded during the annual national conference of Black Sash in

Cape Town in March 1983. It has eight branches, one in each city where there

is a university.

The ECC aims to abolish compulsory military service and carries cut propaganda

against the Defense Force and police. The ECC is mainly financed by the South

African Catholic Council of Bishops and other smaller church organizations in

the Netherlands, Belgium, and Canada. It is estimated that the organization

will receive the sum of 100,000 rands this year, 60,000 rands of which come

from the Catholic Council of Bishops.

12593

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7.1
PASSING OUT PARADE AT SAs JALSENA

Pretoria PARATUS in English Jan 87 pp 46, 47

[Article by Pte C. W, Stott]

SOUTH AFRICA

[TextJ

THE SAS JALSENA, the

Naval Training Base

on Salisbury Island in

Durban, is where young In*

dian men are initially trained

while undergoing voluntary

National Service (VNS).

It was there, too, that these men completed the 19-week Basic Training with an

impressive Passing-out parade recently.

Proudly watching the newly qualified men

exercising their freshly acquired skills

was the Chairman of the Minister's Council for the House of Representatives, Mr A.

Rajbansi, and his wife. Mr Rajbansi and

other guests were clearly surprised by

several impressive demonstrations per-

^ermed by the men during the course of

the morning.

Particularly impressive was the RearGuard Action Display, also known as the

Jackstay Drill. In this particular exercise a

retreating group becomes stranded and

is rescued by another group, who by

means of wooden structures and pulleys

enable the retreating group to escape

from their vulnerable position!

Another exciting routine was an exhibition of a real-life display or simulated

performance, of the most advanced form

of riot control to date, known as the

D Formation. Troops taking up the rear

make efficient use of tear gas/smoke

while the front group use firepower. It was

obvious from this exercise that the extent

of the training the men had undergone

was far more than many of those present

had first imagined.

The precision and timing of the exercises was quite obviously thanks to the

already legendary working relationship at

the SAS Jalsena between the young men

and their superiors.

In his address, Mr Rajbansi stated that

the men passing out at the parade were

testimony to the efficiency and dedication

that has characterized the base since its

inception in 1974. Afterwards Mr Rajbansi

presented several awards and decorations, including two Pro Patria medals

and six Ten Year SADF Good Service

Bronze medals.

Mrs Rajbansi presented many of the

newly qualified men with awards for

worthy achievements during their basic

training.

The trophies for the Best Trainee, presented by the SAS Saldanha and the SAS

Simonsberg Trophy for the Smartest

Trainee on Parade were both won by Sea

P. Govender.

The base originated more than ten

years ago when the South African Government approved the establishment of

the SA Indian Corps Training Battalion

(the original name of SAS Jalsena) as a

result of appeals made by representatives

of the Indian Council and ex-Servicemen's organizations. With the recent intake thus completing their Basic Training

in true splendour, the SAS Jalsena looks

to have achieved another task with commendable enthusiasm and efficiency.

/9274

CSO> 3400/811

72
SOUTH AFRICA

INDIAN WAR VETERANS VISIT NAVAL BASE DURBAN

Pretoria PAKATUS in English Jan 87 p 49

[Text]

IN an exercise designed to

highlight the way in which

Indian volunteers are utilised in the SA Navy, two MPs

from the House of Delegates

and a party of approximately

40 Indian war veterans were

taken on a tour of Naval

Base Durban recently.

The party was made up of members

from the 40-year old Indian Ex-Servicemen's Legion (some of whose members

are also attached to various MOTH Shellholes), Mr Logan Chetty, MP for

Chatsworth Central, and Mr John lyman,

MP for Camperdown.

The purpose of the visit was twofold.

Firstly, it provided an excellent and enthralling outing for the League, and secondly, the MPs and veterans had an opportunity to experience at first hand the

training and general way of life that the

young Indian volunteers have when they

join the Navy. ' -

On arrival, the guests Were welcomed

by the OC of the SAS Jalsena, Cdr W.J.

Smit, after which a short briefing on training at the unit was given, followed by an

excellently produced video on the unit.

A short but rousing recital by the band

of the SASJalsena followed, after which a

tour of the unit was made to view various

aspects of training in progress, including

drill, riot control training, and new recruits battling valiantly on the tough

obstacle course.

Lunch, at which R Adm P.A. Wijnberg,

Flag Officer Commanding Naval Comd

East, was present, was then served. The

quality of the food, an excellent curry in

this case, served as another indicator of

the strong motivation apparent throughout the unit.

After lunch, the guests boarded one of

the Navy ferries and toured the length and

breadth of Durban harbour. Great interest

was shown in the SA Navy's new fleet replenishment and supply vessel, the SAS

Drakensberg, currently fitting-out at the

Sandock-Austral shipyard.

The ferry bobbed alongside the SAS

Drakensberg for some minutes while certain interesting features and characteristics of the vessel were pointed out.

Then it was back to the Naval Base

where a fire-fighting display was laid on,

which must have impressed the group

due to the efficiency with which the firemen extinguished two successive oilfires.

The veterans departed in the late afternoon — impressed and enlightened. The

Chairman of the Indian Ex-Servicemen's

Legion, MrG.R. Varma, had the last word:

"It was a wonderful opportunity, in our

role as public watchdog to the Indian

community, to see what the youngergeneration are doing. Hopefully, we'II be back

next year".

/9274

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73
SOUTH AFRICA

ANC PRONOTES PEOPLE'S MILITIAS TO DEFEND GAINS IN TOWNSHIPS

Harare THE HERALD in English 14 Jan 87 p 4

[Article by Howard Barrell]

[Text]

THE African National

Congress has declared Its

intention to step up the

development of people's

militias to defend and

extend people's administrations in areas of South

Africa where black

militants have destroyed

apartheid government institutions.

These militias, comprising ordinary people

trained up and commanded toy formal Umkhonto we Sizwe forces,

will be tasked with defending what one senior

ANC source called

"organs of people's selfrule" which have emerged

in iblack communities

over the past three years

of sustained insurrectionary revolt in

South Africa.

These organs of selfrule include street and

yard committees, as well

as civic associations in

the black 'townships and

rural areas.

These committees and

civic organisations have

set up alternative administrations in scores of

black townships and rural

settlements, replacing the

thousands of black police

and black councillors who

have been driven out.

The role of these

militias o r "combat

forces" will also be offensive, however, according

to the ANC.

It will also be their

task to "mount armed attacks against the enemy

beyond the given area

and throughout the country", the ANC national

executive committee said

recently.

This tactical thrust is

contained in the annual

address to the South

African people from the

ANC national executive

committee, released last

week as the ANC entered

Its 76th year of struggle

against apartheid.

It Is being broadcast

over the ANC's five

Radio Freedom stations,

beaming from Addis

Ababa, Antananarivo,

Dar es Salaam, Luanda

and Lusaka. ANC sources

say it is also being distributed in pamphlet

form inside the country.

It represents an attempt to consolidate and

take forward the advance

the liberation movement

considers it has made in

the recent period.

It is also the central

meaning igiven to the

ANC's declaration of

1987 a3 "The Year of Advance to People's Power".

A senior ANC tactician

said last week the ANC

considered it had scored a

vital breakthrough over

the .past three years.

"This breakthrough is

comparable in importance

to the advance made by

Zanu (PF) in the mid to,

late 1970s. People knew

there had been an Important change. At the

time, in the heat of the

moment, as often happens in the revolutionary

process, it is not always

possible to accurately

isolate the elements in

that breakthrough and to

identify the correct relationship between them.

"But, with the benefit

of hindsight, you look

back and it all seems so

easy, so obvious." he

added.

The challenge before

the ANC and its support

base was to fully understand the nature of the

breakthrough, and to act

accordingly,

"If we succeed -in

grasping this essence, a

very rapid advance is

likely in our struggle," he

added.

The ANC executive

said those "mass combat

and self-defence units",

which had already been

established in some areas,

had "played an outstanding role in destroying the enemy's

organs of government

and acting- in defence of

the people".

But, the ANC executive

added, "as serious

revolutionaries, we must

carefully analyse our

strength and weaknesses,

discover our mistakes

and correct them".

The objective was to

create "mass revolutionary bases in all

black areas throughout

the country and to mount

a strategic offensive

against the enemy in its

strongholds in towns and

cities".

"It is vital that each

mass revolutionary base

must have Its own combat forces . . . These

forces, organised in and

' under Umkhonto we

Sizwe, must necessarily

be based among the

people and drawn from

the people themselves.

They must toe inspired by

the sole objective of acting against the racist

regime in furtherance of

the aim of engaging in

people's war," the ANC

executive said in its message to South Africans.

The new tactical emphasis in the ANC is a

logical extension of the

campaign it has led since

1984 to attack the outposts of state administration to make apartheid unworkable and the

country ungovernable.

It is also a logical consequence of the fact that

the ANC has not, hitherto,

enjoyed any reliable rear

bases in neighbouringcountries. It has been

forced into a more internally self-reliant tactical

approach.

"Obtaining reliable rear

bases from neighbouring i

countries would be an im- .

portant bonus," a senior

ANC source aald

recently.

/9274

CSO: 3400/Ü1Ü

74
SOUTH AFRICA

ANC'S 'RADIO FREEDOM1 EXPRESSES ARMED STRUGGLE GOALS, TACTICS

Frarücfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE in German 16 Jan 87 pp 10, 11

[Unattributed article: "The Whole Country Must Go Up in Flames11]

[Text] Night after night, »Radio Freedom' beams African National Congress

(ANC) broadcasts to South Africa. 'Radio Freedom' does not have a transmitter

of its own; the government-operated radio stations in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,

Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Lusaka, Zambia make regular airtime available to

the ANC. Our Nairobi correspondent has translated excerpts of the ANC

broadcasts over the past 15 months which show that the ANC is no longer the

peaceable movement which was founded on 8 January 1912 for the purpose of

fighting for the equality of all races in South Africa. Today, the ANC is

preaching violence with anti-white overtones. It has adopted the "necklace"

(an automobile tire filled with gasoline which is hung around the victim's

neck and then lit) as a way of dealing with blacks who do not agree with its

policies. The ANC still lacks modern weapons and has apparently not succeeded

in gaining adherents among the population-at-large and in particular in the

countryside. Under the influence of the South African Communist Party it is

pursuing the latter's aims.

Resolved to Fight the Enemy Forces to the Hilt

Commentary "Onward, Christian Soldiers," 3 Oct 85: Anyone who still shrinks

from taking another person's life; anyone who is against armed struggle can

play a part in the sabotage campaign. But the citizens' campaign of

disobedience must not be understood as a substitute for our armed struggle of

liberation. Our actions against those who collaborate with the enemy must

continue.

Commentary "We Will Fight on Every Inch of Our Country," 17 Dec 86: We are at

war. Freedom fighters are everywhere. Their military attacks are a

continuation of the assaults with Molotov cocktails, with burning necklaces

against traitors and puppets in the townships and with hand grenades and rocks

by our oppressed workers and young people.

ANC President Oliver Tambo at Lusaka, 10 Jan 86: In the crossfire, civilians,

too, get hit. That is no fun for us. The policies and strategy of the ANC do

75
not call for attacks on civilians, shopping centers, schools and movie houses

unless they may be considered military targets.

Statement by Comrade Ronnie Casels, high-ranking commander of the Umkhonto we

Sizwe (Spear of the People) People's Army, 14 Dec 86: The workers can also

play their part by sabotaging the economy. This they can do without weapons

and explosives. The workers are in the mines; they are in the power plants, in

the telephone exchanges and in the computer firms. They work as servants and

cleaning personnel in the army and air force bases. The workers are

everywhere. They are in a position to sabotage the economy, the transportation

system and cotimunications throughout the country.

Address by ANC President Oliver Tambo, 27 Dec 86: We are in the midst of death

defying actions where fighting groups supported by the people are putting up

barricades and barbed wire across the roadways; digging defense trenches;

chasing enemy forces into death traps; taking the enemy's weapons away from

him; ridding the townships of informers and collaborators and eliminating

enemies. The entire majesty of this struggle lies in the resolve of the people

to fight the enemy forces to the hilt and physically to destroy them. Today,

even our 8 year-old children confront the power of the racist soldiers and

police. The ANC is respected throughout the world above all for the courageous

attacks by its fighters against the enemy.

Carrying the Liberation Struggle into the White Areas

Commentary »Let Us Carry the Battle into the Enemy's Backyard," 2 Sep 85: All

the black townships in our land are being consumed by the flames of the

revolution. The time has come where the whites of this land must be rudely

awakened from their dreams. We must carry the battle directly into their

homes, kitchens and bedrooms. As Comrade Tambo has told us, it is the job of

every patriot in our land to shatter this false sense of security.

Commentary, 13 Sep 85: Our struggle is not a struggle to do away with this or

that apartheid law. What we are fighting for is to rule our land as fullfledged citizens. We must carry our struggle for liberation into the white

areas.

Commentary »Things Must Change," 7 Oct 85: The weapons in white hands must be

transferred. We are calling on our compatriots who work as household servants

to assume the role of leaders. They know where their employers hide their

weapons. Up to now, our offensive has been restricted to the black areas. We

must attack the whites in their homes and their vacation sites just as we are

attacking black bootlickers in theirs. White families, too, must wear mourning

L>JLOuQ6S •

Commentary, 28 Nov 85: If the whites thought thus far that military actions

are limited to the black areas of our land, then it is time that we say to

them that the entire country is a war zone. The whole country must go up in

Address by ANC President, Comrade Oliver Tambo, 30 Jun 86: Automatic weapon

fire is not just one-.sided any longer. Members of the racist army and police

76
new are also dying in a hail of bullets. Modern weapons are replacing rocks in

the hands of the fighters. The whites in the cities and on the farms are now

also feeling the inevitable consequences of armed struggle.

Statement by Comrade Joe Modise, commander of the umkhonto we Siiswe People's

Army, 30 Jul 86: There is no white home in South Africa without weapons and it

is our people who work in these homes. We are calling on our people to do

everything within their power to get at these weapons and to use them against

the common enemy.

Commentary "Long Live the South African Woman," 3 Aug 86: My dear fellow

women: those of us who work in white households have an important role to

play. Those who are well established in white areas will not be immediately

suspect. They can visit many places which are off limits to normal black

people. That is why they must now take advantage of the decisive position they

occupy. They know the officers of the military and the police. They are

familiar with their homes. This information should be passed on to the

fighting units. This campaign of carrying the war into the white areas does

not amount to a declaration of war on white civilians by any means. But when

we attack government installations of white civilians in white areas we do not

spare those who stand in our way. In the people's war there is a burning need

for female personnel, particularly in the field of weapons. We need the women

in order to carry weapons for cur people through dangerous territory. We also

need them in order to hide weapons in white residential areas. The women's

place is in the very front ranks.

Commentary, 24 Oct 86: For some time now, land mines have exploded along the

northern borders of our country, killing or severely injuring a number of

racist farmers. These mines are directed against the paramilitary and military

forces of the enemy; against all those who are defending the socalled white

farmlands. If farm workers are killed or injured by the mines, then they know

that they were not the actual target. That is why we say: farm workers, be on

your guard! Do not let the Boers use you as probers, sending you out on

tractors to make sure the way is clear. You must ask them to check for

themselves whether the roads and fields are safe enough for you to work on.

Commentary, 30 Nov 86: The ANC, our vanguard, has called on us, the oppressed,

to carry the war into the white areas. Does this mean that the ANC is calling

for violence by blacks against whites ? We are not engaged in a race war. If

we say that the war should be carried into the white areas, we are sayirig that

the country is in a state of civil war. We do not advocate indiscriminate

attacks on whites. We say that we must attack those whites who are responsible

for the oppression of our people.

Collaborators Must Be Eliminated

Commentary "Things Must Change," 7 Jul 85: By eliminating collaborators and

Quislings, we have succeeded in inflicting some losses on the enemy. We must

not permit those to lead us astray who cry out whenever blacks are killed by

other blacks. It is not a question of the color of a person's skin. It is

important what side that person stands on.

77
Statement by Joe Modise, commander of the Umkhonto we Sizwe, 19 Jun 86: Our

people must identify and eliminate collaborators and enemy agents. Informers,

policemen as well as members of the secret police and the army who live among

our people must be eliminated.

Interview by Oliver Tambo with the official inter-African news agency PANA, 2

Jul 86: Tambo discussed the socalled violence of blacks against blacks,

calling it a complication which Botha has introduced into the struggle for

liberation. In this connection, he cited Gatsha Buthelezi who he said has

played a prominent role in organizing the attacks of these self-protectors

against those who are fighting for freedom.

Statement by Comrade Joe Modise, commander of Umkhonto we Sizwe, 30 Jul 86:

That blacks are killing blacks is an invention of the racists. There is no

question of black against black; this is a question of the enemy standing on

one side with his soldiers, policemen and puppets against the people.

Commentary »Abandon the Sinking Apartheid Ship," 26 Aug 86: Those blacks who

serve the regime as soldiers, policemen and policewomen, town councillors,

Bantustan leaders and administrative officials cannot postpone their decision

to stand with the people any longer. To them we say: come home! Leave behind

what is unjust and criminal. You cannot survive if you stand against the

people. When your cup runneth over which it most assuredly will if you wish to

continue serving the enemy, you will be buried as traitors.

Commentary »From Ungovernability to People Power," 1 Sep 86: The enemy and his

paid agents are crying out once again that blacks are killing blacks. Our

people are not attacking the town councillors because they are black but

because they are servants of the system we mean to destroy.

Statement by Comrade Chris Hani, member of the ANC executive committee and

army commissar of the People's Army, 30 Nov 86: There is talk of violence by

blacks against blacks in order to twist the facts. There is no violence by

blacks against blacks. The very designation of our militant actions against

known agents, spies, collaborators and bootlickers of the Apartheid regime as

acts of violence by blacks against blacks represents an attempt by the enemy

to undermine our struggle. We will continue to do away with these moles in our

midst.

Time for Meetings and Talks Is Past

Newscast, 9 Sep 85: Oliver Tambo, the president of the ANC of South Africa,

has said that the current political crisis represents a great leap forward and

the start of a blood bath. He ruled out the possibility of a gradual transfer

of power, saying that the ANC wishes negotiations about the procedures for an

immediate changeover to majority rule and nothing else.

Commentary, 8 Jan 86: Last year, talks were held between our organization and

a group of businessmen and with socalled opposition political leaders. Their

visit to Zambia in order to speak with the ANC amounted to an admission of the

fact that the ANC holds the most important key for the solution of the

problems of our land.

78
Commentary, 8 Feb 86: We are not fighting for the purpose of sitting at a

conference table with the murderers of our people and drawing up a new

constitution for our country.

Commentary, 7 May 86: There is a lot of talk about a national convention where

the representatives of all racial groups meet to discuss the future. The time

for meetings and talks about the future is long past. We know what we want.

Commentary, 18 Aug 86: We are now fighting under the banner of "From

Ungovernability to People Power." This slogan means that we have left the

phase behind us where we were fighting against this or that aspect of the

apartheid regulations. Now we are speaking about people power.

Interview with ANC President Oliver Tambo, 17 Sep 85: In the streets of our

townships, young people and fighters are confronting the enemy each day with

Molotov cocktails and other homemade weapons. These young lions should be

mobilized by the People's Army and switch from Molotov cocktails to rifles and

other modern weapons of war.

Commentary, 13 Mar 86: The time of gasoline bombs and rocks is past. We have

now entered the era of rifles, pistols, hand grenades and artillery.

The Masses Must Take Part in Strikes

Commentary, 9 Sep 86: The consumer boycott alone does not suffice. The workers

in the cities, in the mines and on the white farms must make common cause with

us in the townships by launching large-scale strikes simultaneously and in

conjunction with the boycott.

Commentary, 4 Jun 86: On 1 May, more than four million people celebrated this

holiday; but our nation consists of far more than four million. The struggle

is not just for the freedom of four million. Not only four million South

Africans are being oppressed in this country.

Statement by Joe Modise, commander of Umkhonto we Sizwe, 19 Sep 86: The masses

must take part in strikes which weaken the enemy economy. Communications, e.g.

telephone lines and railroads, must be sabotaged. Power plants and power

lines must be sabotaged. Rail lines and bridges must be destroyed. Freight

trains must be derailed.

Statement by Jacob Zuma, member of the ANC executive committee, 29 Jul 86: It

is becoming increasingly clear that we must do something about the branches of

the Western firms in our country. The black working class is organized in such

a manner that it can launch a concerted action against the branches of Western

firms in South Africa. If these firms do not watch their step and if they are

unable to make their governments adopt the correct position toward South

Africa, then we in South Africa will be forced to deal with them from the

standpoint of the workers and, of course, that of our own underground. We have

to do certain things in this regard.

79
Statement by Chris Hani, commissar of the People's Army, 12 Aug 86: As we

speak of a people's war, we must be very clear about the need to draw in not

only the people in the urban areas but our entire people. There is an

imbalance to our actions because thus far we have failed to deal with the

rural areas.

The Party is an Essential Constituent of the Liberation Movement

Statement by Joe Slovo, member of the Politburo of the South African CP

central committee and the ANC executive committee, 6 Oct 86: In the first

instance, the role of the party in the struggle is one of a force which

represents the desire of the working population not only for national

liberation but for social emancipation. If blacks instead of whites should be

sitting in the Union Building (the seat of the South African government in

Pretoria) tomorrow but if the economic distribution of wealth remains the

same, then that does not amount to liberation.

Commentary, 8 Feb 86: What [Botha] means when he speaks of power sharing is

that the people of South Africa, after suffering for such a long time, ought

still to be willing to share power with the representatives of big business

and the landowners. In other words, we are not allowed to take over these

industries which are mainstays of this country's economy. But if we do not do

that, what kind of independence are we talking about then ? How can we be free

if the big business operations which are synonymous with this country's

economy are still in private hands ?

Commentary, 7 May 86: The relations between the ANC and the Communist Party

today are what the ANC and the Communist Party have made them. In the course

of our struggle we have learned that the communists are the only ones prepared

to fight and to die side by side with us. The alliance of the movement with

the party has contributed a good deal to the present strength and to the ANC.

Statement by Chris Hani, member of the ANC executive committee and commissar

of Umkhonto we Sizwe, 31 Jul 86: The capitalist countries believe that they

would not have a difficult time in dealing with a black government in South

Africa. Their primary concern is the ANC and the national liberation alliance

in our country—particularly the alliance of the ANC and the South African

Communist Party. They wish to destroy this alliance because they can see its

results, i.e. freedom, democracy and prosperity in our country and that the

wealth of our country, the mines, the factories and the land are given back to

the people from which they were taken. For us, the oppressed people of South

Africa and the democratic forces, it is becoming more and more important to

defend this alliance.

Commentary, 23 Aug 86: Some say that the labor unions will assume the main

role in the struggle because they are the primary organizers of the working

population. But these people forget that we also have the ANC which is the

political leader in the struggle and that there is the South African CP which

is the political vanguard of our working class. We know full well that the

South African CP is the party of the working class in our country. It is the

party which has the leading role in the fight for socialism. The labor union

80
is the organization of the working class; the political vanguard of the

working class is the CP and the vanguard of the national liberation movement

is the ANC.

Address by ANC President Oliver Tambo, 27 Dec 86: Our liberation alliance is

strong; including our alliance with the South African CP. The party is an

essential constituent of the liberation movement of our country. Without it,

the movement would be weak. It would be incomplete. As far as the socialist

countries are concerned, we know that they are our natural and indispensable

allies. No people and no movement can survive without allies.

9478

CSO: 3420/0007

81
SOUTH AFRICA

INKATHA'S INTERNATIONALrCONNECTIONS NOTED

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 7 Jan 87 pp 5-7

[Text] Chief Mangosuthu Gatsha Buthelezi, leader of the Inkatha organisation, could make or break the South African constitution. But that can happen only if the government allows it. For while Buthelezi is the only black

homeland boss to lead a real mass party, and to have a substantial international reputation, hsi power depends crucially on his status as prime minister of the KwaZulu homeland. That-makes him a collaborator in the eyes of

black radicals, including a substantial number of his own Zulus,

Buthelezi's career has been characterised by the following; policies:

--The use of traditional Zulu power structures to build a Zulu ethnic party.

—Use of the power and patronage offered by control of the KwaZulu government.

This binds Buthelezi to working with the South African government in Pretoria,

—The simultaneous adoption of a measured anti-government stance. He has

for example refused to accept nominal independence for KwaZulu. Buthelezi's

own past as an African National Congress (ANC) member gives him a certain

credibility in this respect.

•«—Using his support among South Africa's 5 million Zulus as a base to negotiate a multi-racial federal government in Natal Province. If this scheme were

successful it would increase Buthelezi's standing. It would also encourage

white liberals, such as the Progressive Federal Party (PFP) and many businessmen, who advocate a multiracial federal government in Natal and eventually in other provinces as the only means of giving blacks significant

political rights while allowing white control of the centre and favourable

conditions for big business.

Buthelezi was born into a leading Zulu family which had previously supplied

prime ministers to the Zulu kings. He became a member of the ANC Youth

League in the 1940s, He mixed with other ANC radicals at Fort Hare University, from which he was expelled for taking part in political protest. This

did not prevent him taking over the leadership of the Buthelezi clan in 1954

and being recognised by the state as legitimate chief in 1957, During the

1960s he developed the art—of which he is an acknowledged master—of leading

a black homeland while also opposing the homeland policy vociferously. He

82
was elected head of the Zululand Territorial Authority in 1970 and the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly in 1972, Buthelezi has used the patronage

offered by his post to great effect.

Buthelezi created Inkatha, also called the National Cultural Liberation

Movement, in 1975. It is partly a political machine run by the KwaZulu

administration, and partly a vehicle for Zulu aspirations, using clan chiefs

and local notables. It is in fact rather like many ruling parties in black

Africa.

The creation of Inkatha enabled Buthelezi to build a political base apart

from the KwaZulu government apparatus« He and other KwaZulu leaders had

gained popularity through their support of industrial workers during the

nationwide strikes of 1973, which began in Durban, This and Buthelezl's

refusal to accept independence for KwaZulu led the South African government

to try to replace him with the Zulu King, Goodwill Zwelethini. Throughout

the early 1970s, Buthelezi vied with Zwelethini for control of Zulu support.

Buthelezi successfully acquired the symbols of Zulu traders and professionals.

He subsequently installed Zwelethini as symbolic head of the Zulu revivalist

movement while retaining real control himself. The two are now in alliance

as king and prime minister of the Zulu nation.

Control of the KwaZulu government gave Buthelezi a decisive advantage over

Zwelethini, while Inkatha ensured that he could not be summarily removed by

Pretoria, After the taming of Zwelethini, Buthelezi also began to aim for a

wider national role for Inkatha, to fill the vacuum in black politics which

has existed since the banning of the ANC in the 1960s, At times Buthelezi

claims to represent not only Zulu unity but also the true tradition of the

ANC, He has adopted the ANC colours of black, green and gold. He refers

to the Lusaka leadership as the 'ANC mission in exile.'

Inkatha now claims over a million members, but a significant number do not

join from free choice, KwaZulu civil servants are not allowed'to join the

rival United Democratic Front (UDF), KwaZulu doctors take an oath of loyalty

to Buthelezi and the KwaZulu government. Jobs and houses are difficult to

come by in many parts of KwaZulu without an Inkatha party card.

Inkatha is pro-business. Buthelezi argues that prosperity will hasten black

liberation. Hence he opposes international sanctions. Inkatha itself has an

investment company, Khulani Holdings, which has interests in trading and insurance, in partnership with private firms, Inkatha controls most of the

economic activity within KwaZulu through the KwaZulu Finance and Investment

Corporation, the government's development company. In this and other respects, it is hard to distinguish between the KwaZulu government and Inkatha,

So Buthelezi has a strong local base. It is generally during his overseas

trips, when he seeks to counter the ANC, that he claims to speak on behalf

of all black South Africans, Inkatha has representatives in the United

States in the persons of ex^senator Vance Hartke, Dr Lorna Hahn, and Rutgers

University law professor Albert Balustein. The Netherlands representativeis Dr Reina Steenwijk. Inkatha is also well-connected in West Germany, It

receives funds from the Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, the overseas wing of the

83
ruling Christian Democrat Party. The Stiftung finances the Inkatha Institute, a research office, and has a permanent representative in Natal, Gerd

Bossen. Inkatha has appealed to U.S. trade unions to finance its trade

union, the united Workers' Union of South Africa (UWUSA), established on

1 May 1986 in Durban. Nearly all UWUSA officials have a business background, UWUSA President P. S. Ndlovu was a personnel manager with the

giant Tongaat-Hulett group, a subsidiary of Anglo-American. General Secretary Simon Conco is a director of Khulani Holdings. Treasurer Peter Davidson is a hotelier and a director of Khulani Insurance Brokers. UWUSA, and

Inkatha generally, is ferociously opposed to other black trade union organisations. There have been vicious street fights between UWUSA supporters

and rival trade unionists.

Inkatha may also have secured funds and personnel from Israel to aid in the

establishment of a paramilitary wing, including a camp for 'something

like ten thousand trainees'. This request was contained in a document

that Inkatha Secretary-General Oscar Dhlomo and Women's Brigade Chairperson

Abbie Mchunu took on a trip to Israel in 1981, It is not known whether Israel

responded to this request. However, Israel is known to have invested heavily

in other tribal homelands. The Inkatha Youth Service Corps, for which the

money was requested, serves as a security force. KwaZulu controls its own

police and has access to vigilantes controlled by local Inkatha officials.

The use of force is a vexed question. Within the last two years there have

been numerous clashes between Inkatha and its rivals in Natal, especially

the UDF, We have no evidence of a chain of command between Buthelezi and

local Inkatha thugs who have terrorised UDF sympathisers in the Durban

townships. He does however launch strong verbal attacks on his political

opponents, often with a Zulu chauvinist slant. Sometimes Buthelezi praises

the actions of Inkatha bosses who have been involved in violence. Even

senior Inkatha officials have been directly implicated in violence. For

example, Thomas Mandla Shabalala is at present charged with attempted murder

and assault, arising from his alleged leadership of an attack on Inkatha

opponents. He is a member of the party's central committee. There are

substantial allegations that close relationships exist between Inkatha

vigilantes, the South African Police, and the KwaZulu police. Inkatha has

made considerable use of force in the defence of its interests. Clashes

between Inkatha and its opponents at the University of Zululand, of which

Buthelezi is chancellor, in 1983 led to the deaths of five people, four of

them students. The violence is, of course, mutual. In 1986 a limpet bomb,

presumably planted by the ANC, damaged Umlazi's Executive Hotel, a favourite

meeting-place of Inkatha leaders which is part-owned by UWUSA Treasurer Peter

Davidson. Durban's townships in 1984-5 were the scene of fierce battles

between Inkatha and UDF supporters.

South African businessmen in general support the Indaba, the attempt to establish a Buthelezi-led and business-friendly provincial government in Natal,

If this succeeds, it will be at the expense of the ANC, the UDF, and autonomous trade unions, Buthelezi will have an avenue into national politics.

It will also change the ethnically exclusive nature of Buthelezi's constituency from a handicap into a strength. In effect, an alliance between South

84
African whites and the largest black group would undercut the ANC and the

UDP and fix South African debate on the issue of ethnicity and not social

class.

The strength of business support for the so-called Natal option is impressive,

The Indaba Support Group is financed by Tongaat-Hulett, which is big in the

Natal sugar industry, Tongaat-Hulett chairman Chris Saunders is a leading

participant in the Indaba and heads its "image management committee,"

Although the National Party's Natal boss, Stoffel Botha, has spurned the

Indaba's proposals, the Natal option may yet be revived, President P. W.

Botha's government is waiting for a new white general election before

examining the idea further. The government may also fear that a more powerful Buthelezi, sensitive to accusations of collaboration and radicalising

himself as a result, might drive some hard bargains. If Buthelezi becomes

boss of a Natal federal government, as he hopes, he will be a permanent

force in South African politics. If he fails, he will become what he himself terms a 'has-been politician.* He will have difficulty in preventing

mass desertions from an Inkatha which already shows cracks.

/927A

CSO! 3400/839

85
SOUTH AFRICA

SOWETO NON-ESSENTIAL SERVICES TO BE CUT

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 12 Jan 87 p 3

[Text]

THE Soweto Council will see its nonessential services dwindle before it goes

bankrupt, town clerk Nico Malan said

yesterday.

He was responding to allegations

from an unknown "highly placedsource"

that the council was now bankrupt and

new posts advertised had to be frozen as

the council sank into deeper financial

trouble.

Malan admitted that even an optimistic scenario for rent collection would

leave the council R26m short for the

year to June 1987.

But he said rent collections for December were up 400% over the previous

two months. If rent collection held at the

December level, the council'sincome for

the year would total R129m, against expenses of R155m.

But if December was an aberration

and rent collection returned to previous

low levels, Malan said necessary actions

would be taken by the council to avoid

bankruptcy.

"We will look at cutting all non-essential services," he said, the large roadmaintenance budget would be looked at,

as well as upkeep on sidewalks, golf

courses and parks.

Malan flatly denied the council was

bankrupt. "If the rent collection trend

continues, we will meet all obligations."

The council is servicing several large

loans taken out after the rent boycott

began last July and rent payment levels

dropped to 25%-30%.

/9274

CSO. 3400/810

86
SOUTH AFRICA

LACK OF EDUCATIONAL SITES FOR RURAL BLACKS IN WHITE AREAS DEPLORED

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 11 Jan 87 p 6

[Article by S'Bu Mngadi]

[Text]

THERE is only one high

school in Natal to cater for

the province's 300 000

farm labourers and their

families, says Natal University's quarterly publication, The Indicator.

Writing in the latest edition of the magazine, Natal

University's Development

Studies Unit research fellow Libby Ardington said

most administrative, legislative, educational, social

and other facilities provided by the State in farming areas were for the exclusive use of white communities, despite the fact

that black people constituted 90% of the farm population.

It was not only that the

government provided no

.schools or clinics for blacks

living in white rural areas,

in some areas it did not

even provide the basic administrative machinery

that would enable a retired

farm worker to claim the

old age pension to which all

blacks in South Africa

were entitled, she said.

Ardington added that

possibly the clearest illustration of the government's

abdication from its social

responsibilities towards

farm workers and their

families was seen in the

area of education.

In South Africa, problems were magnified by racial attitudes, legislation

and linguistic differences.

It was unlikely that

there was a commercial

farm in South Africa

which, for the education of

all its youth, could legally

make use of only one

school.

The fact that all facilities had to be duplicated

for various racial groups

widened the area from

which children were

drawn, thus further increasing eductional and

travelling costs, said Ardington.

There was no system for

educating black youths on

farms; there was merely a

method for the government

to subsidise education, if

farmers chose to provide

facilities.

The DET did not, and

could not, take any steps to

initiate the provision of

education for the chidlren

of farm workers.

The education the farmer may provide, tended to

be restricted to primary

education and indeed, until

recently, it was impossible

to get permission for a

farm school to go beyond

Std Five.

Today, a few "special

farm schools" offered Std

Six and Seven, she said.

Ardington said there

was only one high school in

Natal to cater for black

children from the province's 7 500 farms. Few

farm workers were able to

afford the boarding fees or

were prepared to send their

children so far away.

Where the farm was situated closely to a part of

KwaZulu and there was no

nearby farm school, a farm

worker m'.ght send his children to school "across the

border".

For most black farm

children in Natal, this provided the only opportunity

for a high school education. This, in turn, placed

financial burdens upon already overloaded resources

of KwaZulu's Educational

Department for which it

was not compensated, she

said.

Ardington added that

there was no doubt that

black children on commercial farms were "educational cinderellas".

They came from homes

which historically were

educationally deprived,

where salaries were low

and where there were few

resources to take advantage of the few boarding

schools that existed.

Yet to achieve an education, farm youths were required to overcome these

hurdles.

A Catch 22 situation existed in that there was little

hope of these children being absorbed into their

farms' workforce - yet

farmers frequently denied

them the education that

would enable them to get

employment elsewhere.

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87
DPSC: MORE CHILDREN BEING DETAINED

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 11 Jan 87 p 2

[Article by Sello Seripe]

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text]

DESPITE the one-monthold "Free the children"

call by the Black Sash, 112

minors and 141 adults were

reportedly detained under

the state of emergency during November and December in the PWV area.

Last month the govern-

| ment admitted that 256

were being held under the

emergency regulations

and, according to the Detainees' Parents Support

Committee, 57 people

were released during December and were able to

spend the Christmas period with their families.

On Christmas Eve 21,

people - mostly kids - were

released. These included

two 11-year-olds - Velaphi

Nyembe and Petrus

Khambule of Soweto.

But the number of detentions during December

could be high as the DPSC

has not yet consulted other

regional offices to build up

a national picture.

The DPSC said some of

the detentions reported

were from an earlier period, but most were detentions leading up to and including the Christmas period.

The DPSC noted that in

spite of the campaign for

the release of kids in detention, the number of children being detained "actually increased markedly". ,

"Our statistics show that"

over the entire emergency

at least 8 800 young people

of the ages of 18 and under

have been held - about

40% of detainees.

"During the period under review, children of 18

and under number 145 -

59% of the total.

"But we must stress that

these figures are necessarily partial as they represent

only those cases which

have passed through our

hands," said DPSC.

The DPSC also released

the following figures of detainees reported to its office last month:

Detainees aged 12-1;

aged 13- 1; aged 14- 15;

aged 15-32; aged 16-33;

aged 17-30.

Detainees aged 18-33;

aged 19-25; aged 20 and

over - 57; and 26 others

whose ages are unknown.

In all, said the DPSC,

253 people were detained

in December.

/9317

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SOUTH AFRICA

COLORED COMMUNITY AT OUKASIE TO BE MOVED

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 11 Jan 87 p 6

[Article by Sol Morathi]

[Text]

THE once united andcheerful Brits Old Location community is gradually being

torn apart. „

The coloured community, which has been part of

this vast settlement for the

past 18 years, is also to be

resettled.

Though the 120 coloured families living at

Noorkamp - a section of

Oukasie overlooked by the

mountain — are to be

moved, no specified place

for their resettlement has

been announced.

But there is speculation

that they will be moved to

an open farm area between

Elandsrand and Mothotlung - about 5km away.

There has been whispers

that the coloured community will remain while hundreds of black people are

moved to Letlhabile, a new

resettlement area bordering Bophuthatswana.

Noordkamp Labour

Party chairman Henry

Riettels disclosed to City

Press this week that they

were informed about their

resettlement by the Northern Transvaal Administration Board about two

months ago.

Though Riettels expressed satisfaction at the

impending resettlement,

he slammed the authorities

for letting Oukasie develop

into a health hazard

through neglect and for refusing to upgrade it.

"It would not have cost

them much," he said.

Riettels said Noordkamp was private land

though it has been regarded by many people as part

of Oukasie.

"If we don't want to go,

we can stay. No one can

stop us - except for the

owner of this land.

"We will move simply

because we don't have

enough land - and also because we are tired of staying in such health-risk conditions. Otherwise, we

would not budge." * Riettels said they would

call the people to a meeting

soon to "officially" inform

them about the impending

removals.

"We will also get their

mandate. If they do not

want to move, it's up to

them. We do not want to

make decisions for them."

Constitutional Development and Planning Minister Chris Heunis deproclaimed Oukasie on October 17.

Heunis said "the move

followed several years of

negotiations with the township's former community

council after it had been

decided that the poor hygienic conditions there and

the astronomic costs involved in upgrading the

town did not make its continued use a viable proposition".

Some residents accepted

compensation and agreed

to be moved to Letlhabile,

while others would not

leave the township they

had stayed in for the last

56 years.

So far about 1 400 families are still at Oukasie -

united in squalor and deprivation - while debate

continues on ways and

means of saving the township.

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SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

UITENHAGE RESIDENTS FEAR VIGILANTES—Uitenhage residents are living in fear

of groups of vigilantes who swept through the townships of Kwanobuhle and

Kwalanga on Sunday, leaving two dead and many injured. The group, calling

themselves Ama Africa Poqo, urged people "to go to war against 'Amakwenkwe'"-

the young boys—who have been "intimidating" people from buying in town,

attending school and paying their rent. UDF spokesman and Motor and

Component Workers' Union of SA member Mncedisi Stoto this week claimed that

over 200 youths were arrested, while many were injured and some were

reported missing. [Text] [Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 11 Jan 87

p 2] /9317

ANC LOSSES-Figures released by the Institute for Strategic Studies at the

University of Pretoria show that between January and November last year the

police caught or killed 160 alleged ANC insurgents. Head of the institute,

Prof Nike Hough said there were 228 terror attacks in that period. [Text]

[Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 12 Jan 87 p 3] /9274

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SOUTH AFRICA

CASE FOR ALTERNATIVE REVOLUTION EXPRESSED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 11 Jan 87 p 19

[Article by Philip Spies, Executive director, Institute for Futures

Research, University of Steilenbosch]

[Text]

THERE is little doubt

that South Africa is in a

very, very late stage of a

revolutionary process.

The question is, however,

what can we do about it? The

answer: create an alternative

revolution!

If vision and focus is the power

behind a revolutionary force, we

should use exactly the same instruments, notto become a counterrevolutionary but an alternative revolutionary.

In South Africa today there can

only be revolutionaries because

we are in the transformation

stage.

We should therefore search for

an alternative revolution, a revolution of hope that we can associate ourselves with.

The revolution confronting us

is also a revolution of hope for

some people — if we disagree

with that we must sort out what

revolution we want in this country.

The prerequisites for an alternative revolution are:

• Creation of of a positive,

realistic climate of hope and renewal. Before one has that one

cannot play down what the current revolution is doing. We must

turn the negative around to become a positive.

One has to apply oneself to the

perceptions of people in various

ways; one has to start acting constructively in such a way that

people really startto believe.

•Identify and promote missionaries ("product champions")

of hope.

The missionary concept is an

old concept from biblical times,

and we can apply it here. There

are also missionaries in the business community. In a sense, if one

is an entrepreneur one is a missionary.

We do not need wind-blowers,

people just talking and making

grand pronouncements, criticising this action and criticising that

action.

• We should promote democracy and the free market capitalist system to its fullest and logical conclusion.

This country cannot develop,

cannot grow, when half of its population livesin poverty.There is a

moral content in it, but there is

also, from a business point of

view, a sound investment content

in it

• Social-political strategies:

here one could be critical of some

political scientists on their approach to change. In the business

community the perception is that

structure should follow strategy.

In the political field it seems

that there is a tendency towards

strategy following structure —

first they set up a constitution

and then try to implementit

We should start with the realities of our situation and work towards a political strategy that

will make the disenchanted, the

outsiders, feelthatthey are really

part of the South African scene.

Then of course there are the

strategies aimed at weakening

the revolutionary forces.

First, communication and information. Itis a pity that one has

to go out of this country to read

exactly whatis going on revolution-wise, but locally we are ignorant aboutit

By taking information away

from people one removes their

ability to develop sound judgment abouttheir own situation.

There is really no substitute in

a changing situation for sound

communication and information.

To take information away is to

give the kiss of death to the capability of the population to develop

judgment about the circumstances governing them.

We should explain the underlying processes of change, we

should reveal the main actors

and the activities of the main actors.

91
•; Second, democracy and the

free market capitalist system

cannot be differentiated -the

one islinked to the other.

We therefore need a strategy

to promote democracy and the

free marketsystem in this countryThis strategy must succeed in

explaining what is going on and

planned to give benefits to the

whole of the population so that

they can participate in full in the

free market capitalistsystem.

We also need to de-regulate,

but really de-regulate.

We should design strategies

aimed at strengthening South Africa's ability to promote an alternative revolution in a logical incremental manner.

Key among these:-

•MILITARY STRATEGIES:

In these interim stages we cannot let go on the mix of military

strategies. If law and order

should go in this country now, it

would be the end.

We have to contain radicalism

from whichever way it may

come. But we should think of itin

terms of law and order with some

compassion!

•ECONOMIC STRATEGIES:

These will have to develop

around a greater social consciousness. We must accept that

the econmic policies of the past

are of the past — we have to develop new strategies.

The recent government economic policy statement is a total

deviation from the type of perceptions the Government had on

economic growth (even ten years

ago).

This current strategy emphasises job creation and is much

more concerned with social

upliftment.

• ALLIANCES OF MODERATES: We , fK should support'people with

a moderate inclination and we

should develop a grand alliance

of moderates. We are not talking

about "ja-broers", but about people who may differ from us significantly.

We should develop an alliance

of moderates in South Africa (we

also have moderates in the radical area) who will work together

in a constructive way towards the

future for the whole of the country.

•RESPONSIVE POLITICAL

SYSTEM

We should develop a responsible political system that will respond to the need for change in

South Africa.

• SYMBOLS AND IMAGES:

We should also look atthe symbols and images that can consolidate the new South Africa.

What about "Nkosi Sikelel'i

Afrika" as a national anthem?

Notthatit must be that, but we

should think in terms of symbols

that can unify. Would "The Stem

of South Africa" be the collective

call for a new South Africa? One

has to answer this oneself.

•INCREASED VIGILANCE

AND COMMITMENT TO PRESERVE AND PROTECT:

We should not end up in this

process of change by being a.lot

ofjellyfish.

This is not proposing pigheadedness but saying that if one goes

into a changed situation and becomes totally fluid one gets nowhere. We must have backbone.

Increased vigilance and commitment to preserve and protect

is a function of the strength Of the

vision of the new South Africa.

We must clarify to ourselves

what are we at, where we are going.

Let me give some examples of

initial actions to defuse tension:

job creation programmes; commitment to social responsibilities; public programmes aimed

at creating new perspectives, increasing understanding and developing a communal spirit; law

and order with compassion; conflict resolution exercises and the

development of a commitmentto

job creation and to social responsibility in this country.

Social responsibility is not just I

a moral responsibility. To emphasise again — if 50 percent of

the people in this country live in

abysmal poverty we cannot talk

of stability, of market development. We cannot talk of becoming a creative nation, a superior

nation.

Social responsibility, therefore,

is a long-term investment in the

future of the country (not just

looking at making a fast buck this

year).

Hopefully we can get some alternative to the Sullivan Code.

It's foreign to our needs and a

very poor type of guideline for

development in this country. It's

a busybody type ofstructure.

We should develop a "Hippocratic Oath" for the business

community which binds itself in a

behavioural pattern and can be

constructive in developing the

new South Africa.

The strategy for public programmes aimed to create new

perspectives needs artful plan-;

nign and subtlety.

It must be planned in such a

way that it picks up on the socioeconomic momentum of the

country and builds on it

We need law and order with

real compassion, and we need the

type of conflict resolution exercises thatthe University of Cape

Town started in the Western

Cape.

We must start to get people

talking, to see one another's point

of view and to allow the dynamics of interchange to develop

and build a new reality and perspective.

It's not a one-plus-one-makestwo equation. It is a one-plus-oneequais-12 or a one-plus-oneequals-100 equation. The

dynamics of change are not predictable.

• Extractfrom an address

delivered to the Action-Plan

seminar presented by Ogilvy

& Mather, Rightford, SearleTripp & Makin.

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SOUTH AFRICA

NATIONAL PARTY TO FACE TOUGH OPPOSITION FROM LEFT, RIGHT

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 11 Jan 87 p 13

[Article by Gary van Staden]

[Text]

THE Conservative Party — with or without its other

Right-wing allies —. is to become the first white opposition party in more than 25 years to put enough candidates in the field to be able to win a General Election.

Not since the days of strong United Party opposition in the

late 1950s and early 1960s has any opposition party put

up enough candidates to win an election. The National Party

won the last five elections

even before a vote was cast.

But 1987 will be different, according to highly placed CP

sources.

They told The Sunday Star

this week the party would go

"füll out" to win the election

and that obviously meant fielding enough candidates.

"There is no question about it.

We will be going for this," the

CP spokesman said.

Negotiations between the CP

and Herstigte Nationare Party

of Mr Jaap Marais on an election pact were going ahead this

week and the CP source said no

formal nominations would be

made before February 7.

The coming election is shaping up to be Government's

toughest since coming to power

in 1948 and the National Party

will face a united opposition on

both the Right and Left if developments this week are anything to go by.

On its Right wing, the HNP

said an election pact with the

Conservative Party was still on

- despite the fact that In virtually the same breath HNP

leader Mr Marais accused the

CP of "an act of hostility"

against the HNP leadership.

That a clearly angry Mr

Marais — just hours after he

had heard of a direct CP appeal

over his head to his party's

members — did not throw all

election-pact speculation out of

the Network studio window on

Wednesday night bodes ill for

the National Party.

CP leader Dr Andrles Treurnicht would not reply to the

HNP allegations of "hostility"

and Mr Marais said he was SOU

hoping for an electionpact Both

men were obviously determined

to push ahead with the agreement — despite significant personal and policy differences.

93
A CP spokesmen this week

described Right-wing party differences äs "petty" and did not

expect them to prevent at least

a short-term agreement

A highly respected man in

both Right-wing camps — Professor Carel Boshoff of the Afrikaner Volkswag — is to make a

determined effort to get the two

parties together.

"I won't be acting as mediator but with the coming election,

unity has become a matter of

urgency for us," Professor Boshoff said this Week.

On the other side of the political spectrum the picture does

not look any brighter for a National Party whose grassroots

election-winning machine has

been severely damaged by defections to the Right.

On Friday the Progressive

Federal Party and the New Republic Party emerged from a

long meeting with an election

agreement.

The two leaders — Mr Colin

Eglin and Mr Bill Sutton — said

in a joint statement afterwards:

"It was agreed that it was imperative that in the coming

election there should be the largest number of reform-minded

representatives returned to Parliament.

"We realised that this would

not be achieved if the NRP and

PFP were opposing each other

in a number of constituencies

Which should be opposition

seats."

Based on the last election results such a pact makes a number of Nat-held seats marginal

and — if the trend of the last

election continues — both East

London City and East London

North will certainly fall to the

NRP/PFP alliance with a few

other distinct possibilities.

According to senior PFP MP

Peter Soal it is in Natal that

the pact should have its greatest

impact.

"We believe that because the

PFP and the NRP will not be

tearing at each other's throats,

the agreement will take at least

four seats away from the National Party.

"There seems to be nothing

that can stop a PFP/NRP alliance from taking control of

Natal.

"I believe the Indaba issue is

going to hurt the Nats in Natal.

It is Indaba country and the National Party's views on what the

Indaba produced can only harm

them in the province," Mr Soal

said.

CP MP Mr S P Barnard said

he was of the opinion that an

election pact on the Left would

certainly hurt the National

Party and that such an agreement on the Right was bound to

do so.

"I think the Nats are in for a

very rude shock," Mr Barnard

said.

O The state of the parties in the

177 seat House of Assembly are

as follows:

National Party: 127 (Tvl 52;

Cape 42; OFS 13; Natal 10; Nominated 10). Progressive Federal Parly: 26 (Tvl 9; Cape 10;

Natal 6; Nominated 1). Conservative Party: 18 (Tvl 15; Cape 2;

Nominated 1). New Republic

Parti: 5 (Natal 4; Cape 1). Herstigle Nationale Party: 1 (OFS

1).

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94
SOUTH AFRICA

ANALYSIS OF P.W. BOTHA REGIME

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 11 Jan 87 p 14

[Commentary by Gary van Staden]

[Text]

TOMORROW exactly 71 years ago

a son was born to the house of Botha

at Paul Roux in the Free State and

named Pieter Willem.

That small-town boy, who ran

barefoot through the dry winter stubble, has today reached a position of

enormous power where he controls

the daily lives of millions of people.

Three-score years and 11 later,

PW Botha is State President of

South Africa — but his hands on the

reins of this troubled country are

looking a little shaky.

Rumours of retirement persist, but

President Botha seems determined

to lead the National Party he joined

more than 50 years ago for another

couple of summers, at least.

For the moment, visions of the

"old man" in a rocking chair telling

tales of his undoubtedly interesting

life in politics to grandchildren born

of his five offspring appear to be premature.

The Constitution Amendment Act

of 1983 gave near-dictatorial powers

to the State President and Mr Botha

has not hesitated to use them.

In the time between his last birthday and this one, President Botha has

exercised those powers to the extent

that little of what is happening in

South Africa — especially with regard to the widespread black unrest

— is now allowed out in the open.

Described by one of his chief adversaries in Parliament — Dr Frederick van Zyl Slabbert — as a "mixture of sentimentality and intolerance", the State President has never

tried to hide the fact that he has

little patience with complicated economic and constitutional affairs.

No one can accuse him of having

adopted the soft approach when a

tough one would do; during his 12

years as Minister of Defence and the

next nine as head of the Government

he demonstrated that on more than

one occasion.

In 1975 Mr Botha, then Minister of

Defence, ordered South African

ii-oops into Angola to assist Unita in

its struggle to wrest control of the

country from the Marxist MPLA.

PM rofessor Deon Geldenhuys

writes in his book "The Diplomacy of

Isolation" that the decision was taken

after consultation with the State Security Council, and the Cabinet was

only informed of the move hours

after the troops had already been oh

the move.

Under President Botha's leadership the Security Council has worked

its way into an ever-increasing position of power and influence — to the

point where political analysts believe

that members of this council, and

not the Cabinet, actually run the

country.

95
The past year was not a happy one

for the State President South Africa

lived under a State of Emergency

which became tougher virtually with

each passing day. Analysts have said

that the country's economic policy

was characterised mainly by the fact

that there did not seem to be one.

None of this has prevented President Botha from taking public swipes

at anyone or anything he believes is

not in the interests of South Africa or

the National Party — and not necessarily in that order.

Blunt and undiplomatic would

probably be the kindest way to describe the style of a man who seems

unable to come to terms with the

modern media demands of political

leaders — such as smiling, not scowling.

He has not improved much with

age and the country's Western allies

— especially the United States —

have been treated with exactly the

same finger-wagging defiance that

most nations reserve for their enemies.

It has earned him the reputation of

being an "old bull in a political china

shop".

• Yet President Botha1 Is a man of

undeniable courage as far as alterations to South Africa's domestic policies are concerned. Some would call

it foolhardy, but no one can deny that

President Botha has done much to

alter the face of South Africa

Under his leadership —>and since

his last birthday — apartheid legislation has been removed from the statute books with hardly a glance over

his Right shoulder.

Facing an election in his 72nd year

those glances are bound to become

more frequent But President Botha

is going to need every bit of his

considerable ability to avoid committing himself to a course of action

which would clearly spell out in

which direction he intends to take

South Africa.

Whatever he does he knows it will

be too much for some and too little

for others.

And so, at an age when most

others have swopped the pressures of

work for the pleasures of grandchildren, President Botha prepares to

celebrate his birthday with the knowledge that he — and only he — has

the key to the future of all South

Africa's grandchildren.

/9317

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96
SOUTH AFRICA

SOVIET EXPERT PROPOSES NONREVOLUTIONARY SOLUTIONS FOR NATION

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 9-15 Jan 87 p 16

[Article by Phillip van Niekerk]

[Text]

A LEADING Soviet analyst on

Southern Africa has advocated a

minority veto for whites not

dissimilar to the plan recently hatched

by the KwaNatal Indaba.

Glcb Starushenko, of the USSR

Academy of Sciences, in a report

presented to the Second SovietAfrican Conference "for peace, cooperation and social progress" last

year, proposed a two-chamber

parliament.

The first chamber, he said, could be

formed on the basis of proportional

representation.

The other, "possessing the right of

minority veto", could operate on the

basis of "equal representation of the

four communities".

Starushenko's report — "Problems

of Struggle Against Racism,

Apartheid and Colonialism in South

Africa" — would confound the

prevailing "evil Soviet designs"

dogma put about by the government,

hack academics and Citizen letters

page writers.

While not official Soviet policy, the

paper provides a fascinating insight

into Soviet academic thinking on

South Africa.

Putting the "ruling white minority"

under the microscope, Starushenko

discovers that the white bourgeoisie

are not tied to the "chariot of

apartheid", and appears to be inclined

to enter into negotiations with the

ANC.

On the other hand, "the middle and

lower strata of the white community

facing the possibility of losing their

privileges tend to support the more

reactionary parties, more rightist than

even the ruling National Party".

He advocates "widening the

cleavage" and suggests, in a

remarkable departure for a socialist,

the "programmes of the anti-racist

forces do not advance plans for a

broad nationalisation of capitalist

property as an indispensable condition

and are willing to give the bourgeoisie

the corresponding guarantee."

He points out that not all whites

would like to die in the "last ditch

defending the camp", and would

prefer compromise.

"Already today the ANC might

work out comprehensive guarantees

for the white population which could

be implemented after the elimination

of the regime of apartheid.

"Such guarantees would suit both

the liberals and the pragmatists from

the white community, neutralising at

the same time the die-hards."

Starushenko points to the examples

of Kenya and Zimbabwe where "the

white minority feel absolutely safe".

Commenting on the South African

Communist Party, Starushenko says

that "proceeding from the objective

laws of social development, the

communists do not advance at the

present stage of social development

any other but general democratic

slogans.

"They believe that the restructuring

of South African society along

socialist lines is a matter of the future

and will be possible only after the

necessary conditions are ripened.

"Being internationalists as they arc,

the South African communists take a

firm stand against adventurist plans of

all kinds of leftist organisations and

movements of the so-called black

consciousness."

These organisations which

"convincingly show their reactionary

nature", he says, include the Pan

Africanist Congress, the Azanian

People's Organisation (Azapo) and the

National Forum.

Starushenko rejects attempts by

"Western jjolitologists" to predict that

the United Democratic Front could

enhance its prestige at the expense of

the ANC.

"These amalgamations are not

rivals, they are acting in one

direction," he says, but then adds a

word of caution about the UDF.

"In the view of Soviet analysts, the

strengthening of understanding

between the ANC and the UDF is

dictated by the need to improve the

organisation of the anti-racist actions.

"The UDF, which is not

infrequently their initiator and direct

organiser, still represents an

amorphous amalgamation, some

members of which are not even

willing to participate in mass

campaigns."

Starusheno's condemnation of the

"regime in South Africa" makes

strident reading.

South Africa is "the most evil and

despicable capitalism of the

imperialist stage — superexploitation,

militarism, contempt of any human

being that does not belong to the elite.

"Being doomed by history for this

reason alone, this regime,

anachronistic as it is, drags on

preserving colonialism and racism in

the form of apartheid and depending

on them for its existence.

"These two institutions, like slavery,

have been rejected and outlawed by all

states.

"The regime that sponsors them is

basically anomolous in the modern

world and must be eliminated without

delay."

Finally, you may ask, what about the

workers? Starushenko is silent on this

point. His report says not a word

about the existence, never mind the

role, of trade unions.

/9274

CSOr 3400/813 97
ACADEMICS STUDY POLICE BEHAVIOR

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 9-15 Jan 87 p 3

[Article by Carmel Rickard]

[Text]

GOVERNMENT pay-outs to- the

public in compensation for injuries

allegedly inflicted by police have

soared to almost R4,5-million over 13

years.

Writing in the latest' South African

Journal on Human Rights, Don Foster,

Professor of Psychology at Cape

Town University and Clifford Luyt,

law lecturer at the Cape Town

Technikon, say compensation in 1970

was R990 compared to R4,5-million

in 1983.

The two academics compare claims

by Louis le Grange (then Law and

Order Minister), that unlawful action

by police officers is not tolerated,

with records of court cases for

evidence that the policy outlined by

the Minister is being carried out.

From the cases they conclude that

far from being penalised, officers

who have "ill treated detainees have

not only escaped punishment, but have

been promoted in spite of their

records".

Foster and Luyt then look at the

number of people killed each year by

police — official figures put deaths at

54 in 1970 and at 798 in 1985, while

the number of injured people rose

from 230 to 2 571. The authors

compare these figures with those of

Canada and the United States, and

calculate that the South African police

"killing rate" is roughly 7,1 times

greater than that of Canada and 2,1

times greater than the USA. They

comment: 'This throws into question

the standard mythology which views

the USA as a more violent police

society than South Africa."

Possibly even more alarming are the

figures for annual convictions of

police for violent crime: usually 200,

they show 250 convictions. And a

substantial proportion of those

convicted, 10 to 15 percent, already

had previous convictions.

"What is done by the authorities

(about) this serious situation? On

average, only about 10 percent of

those police convicted of violent

crimes are eventually discharged

from the force (and) only a minority

of those with previous convictions are

subsequently discharged ... where

details are given, it is apparent that the

majority of those with previous

convictions hold them for similar

violent crimes. (This) points to the

conclusion that the police are not too

diligent in policing themselves nor in

dealing in any serious fashion with

their own infringements of the law."

They say that this view, that few

restraints are placed on the police, is

confirmed by examining "the amounts

paid by the Minister of Law and

Order to members of the public as

compensation for injuries resulting

from police assaults". While most of

these payments were by way of out of

court settlements rather than by

finalised court actions, "it is clear that

if there were no evidence of assault,

settlements would hardly be effected".

But while there have been many

civil cases involving police treatment

of detainees, attempts to bring

criminal proceedings have not been so

successful.

For example, in 1984, of the 50

charges of assault involving detainees

held under Section 29 of the Internal

Security Act, the attorney-general

refused to prosecute in 41 cases.

While the Minister appears to

believe these figures indicate there is

little evidence that detainees are

tortured, the two authors have a

different view. They agree with the

findings of a report by the Association

of Law Societies, that complaints of

assault by detainees are not

investigated by police officers of high

enough rank, nor are the

investigations sufficiently quick,

thorough or independent.

"The problem lies, as usual, in the

lack of independence of investigation."

/9274

CSOJ 3400/813

98
SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY SEES VINDICATION IN MACHEL INQUIRY FINDINGS

MB240927 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 2 Jan 87

[Station commentary: "False Allegations After the Death of President Samora

Machel"]

[Text] For weeks after the death of former President Samora Machel of

Mozambique in an air crash in October last year, the blame was laid at South

Africa's door. The most scurrilous accusations, including direct involvement by means of shooting down the aircraft, came from many quarters. There

was not the slightest attempt at restraint by South Africars accusers. Two

of the more deplorable accusations were that South Africa had lured the aircraft to its destruction by means of a false beacon and that President Machel

had died because he had not been treated timely by South African medical

personnel.

These are two of the false charges which have been thoroughly discredited

by an international board of inquiry into the accident being held in the Rand

Supreme Court in Johannesburg. The hearing was told that with a false beacon

it might have been possible to lead the ill-fated plane off course, but it

could not have led it to disaster. The only beacon which in the circumstances

could have led the plane off course would have been a radio beam [words

indistinct]. The use of such a beacon, according to Sir Edward Eveleigh, a

British lord justice of appeal, would have been a pretty poor effort by any

party wishing to ensure the aircraft's destruction. Sir Eveleigh is one of

three international experts on the 6-man board of inquiry.

Evidence before the board, in the words of another overseas expert, Colonel

Frank Borman, an American spaceship commander, pointed to incredibly poor crew

performance as a cause of the plane's crash.

Medical evidence is that President Machel had been killed instantly. From the

gruesome details presented to the inquiry about his injuries, there is no way

that he could have survived the crash. His mutilated body had been identified

at the scene of the crash only by the gold fillings in his teeth. As the

evidence accumulates, South Africa's accusers are being exposed by reasoned

logic and considered opinion, qualities which they so obviously lack.

/9738

CSO: 3400/903

99
SOUTH AFRICA

CONFLICT SURROUNDING CINEMA DESEGREGATION DESCRIBED

Assault on Whites-Only Cinemas

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 11 Jan 87 p 4

[Article by Sarah Sussens]

[Text]

CONSERVATIVE

strongholds on the

Reef are being rocked

once more as antiapartheid screws tighten.

The latest assault is on

whites-only cinemas.

The popular song "Ag

pleez daddy, won't you;

take us to the drive-in

..." is taking on a new

meaning as Right-wing

elements resist opening

their doors to all race

groups.

American film distrib-;

utors have issued an ultimatum: only multiracial

cinemas and drive-ins

will get their popular

American movies. Columbia Pictures has

given cinemas until May

1 to desegregate.

This has led to a showdown between the owners

of local cinemas and reluctant town councils

who stand to lose their

cinemas if they don't cooperate.

"We have never attempted to be threatening but if they don't comply with the conditions,

we won't have products

to show at their moviehouses," said Mr Anthony

Salisbury, managing

director of Satbel, the

holding company for

Ster-Kinekor outlets.

According to figures

from the two biggest

theatre outlets, Metro

and Ster-Kinekor, Transvaal is the only province

lagging behind in their

multiracial drive with

about total of 16 cinemas

and five drive-ins still

earmarked for whites

only. These are mainly in

Pretoria, Alberton, Krugersdorp, Potchefstroom,

Vereeniging, and Roodepoort.

Desegregated cinemas

in other areas are running without a hitch according to the owners.

Although city councils

do not have the final say

they are asked for a recommendation. The Government intends allowing

all businesses — including cinemas — to desegregate.

In Krugersdorp, the

drama is at its most intense — the council has

been given until the end

of this month to open

their two cinemas to alli

races or face closure.

But the irony is that

while councillors earnestly discuss the issue, local

black residents are sitting side by side with

whites in the controversial cinemas.

The owners of the

theatre complex have a

policy of not refusing

entry to blacks — at the

risk of prosecution. And,

according to local management there have been

no problems;

Said Mr Grant Bushby

of Ster-Kinekor "We

have been having ongoing negotiations with

municipalities and so far

it has been quite fruitful

— with the exception of

Krugersdorp.

"They have turned

down our application

twice and for this reason

we have given them a

deadline - the others

will have more time."

In Krugersdorp, says

councillor Gert Visser, it

is not a "virtue to be

'verkramp', it is a religion" ^ J Mr Visser, who voted

for a multiracial cinema,

said it was time the council stopped bringing Krugersdorp into disrepute

by allowing racism and

petty prejudices. i

The issue of desegregation will be discussed at a

council meeting on January 26.

On the East Rand the

Alberton town council

have made their position

clear: they would rather

shut their cinemas than

admit blacks.

Their two Metro cinemas each seat less than

100 and the whites fear

an invasion of blacks if

they open their doors to

all groups.

"Quite frankly, if we

open our cinemas, we

won't have the use of

them," said Mr Johann

van der Merwe, chairman of the management

committee.

100
Pietersburg Patrons Push for Open Cinemas

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 11 Jan 87 p 4

[Article by Dirk Nel]

[Text] CINEMA owner Mr Sidney Segal has been inundated

with phone calls encouraging him to go ahead with his

petition to the Pietersburg Town Council to allow him

to open his premises officially to all races.

Many callers have asked for signature lists, while

others have undertaken to write to the council.

It was reported this week that Mr Segal had started

the petition in a desperate attempt to save his business, which has been owned and managed by the family since it was established in 1941.

Mr Segal admits that there have been some abusive

responses. But he says these have been in the minority.

A notice was put up in the cinemas's foyer this

week stating that it would be closed down unless the

council reversed its whites-only attitude.

Film distributors have threatened to cease supplying white-only cinemas.

Already there are signs that the matter could blow

up into a major election issue in Pietersburg.

Moves are afoot to defuse the row.

The Pietersburg Town Council is controlled by a

marginal majority of Conservative Party members.

Cinemas 'Must Be Open to All1

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 11 Jan 87 p 4

[Article by Guy Jepson]

[Text]

DESEGREGATING Krugersdorp's two

cinemas is a matter of life and death

for the town, according to Mr Bill

Greyvenstein, chairman of Krugersdorp's management committee.

Mr Greyvenstein will take this message to a crucial council meeting on

January 26 which will decide whether

the cinemas will be opened to all or

shut down.

On Monday a management committee meeting — called to discuss SterKinekor"s threat to close its two outlets

at the Krugerrand Centre unless they

were opened to all races by the end of

the month — reached a deadlock.

Mr Greyvenstein believes that if the

cinemas are closed several businesses

in the Krugerrand complex will suffer

devastating financial losses.

"Imagine the situation where our cinemas have been shut because of a handful of conservatives making lots of

noise.

"You can't keep children away from

the movies, so they'll go to Roodepoort which is 15 minutes away.

"Krugersdorp will lose out and we

simply cannot afford this right now.

Mr Greyvenstein said he was also in

favour of desegregating the cinemas

because he believed people of all races

had a right to watch the same films in

the same cinemas.

'The way I see it, the different peoples of South Africa are growing towards each other. We've got to learn to

come to terms with this trend and consult with each other.

101
"Blacks were in fact allowed into the

Krugerrand cinemas on an informal,

basis until one clever guy — a very

prominent Krugersdorp citizen — complained to the police.

"I was really disappointed because

there were never any problems."

He added that he had been to multiracial cinemas in Johannesburg, Randburg and Pretoria and found that there

was "nothing to worry about".

"Some people have this fear that

whites will be overrun but my experiences tell me that this is simply not

happening," he said.

"At bottom, the argument against

multi-racial cinemas is really no argument at all. The Krugersdorp drive-ta

is five minutes away -^ and it Is open to

people of all races. Westgate Centre is

close-by and is also multi-racial. People

are going to go to these venues anyway

if our cinemas closedown."

He added that although the opponents of open cinemas in Krugersdorp'sTown Council pretended that their

point of view was not a political one

"you only have to look at their names to

see that they are on the right of the

political spectrum".

"What amuses me is the fact that although I frequently watch movies at

Krugerrand, I have never seen any of

these guys there."

Pretoria City Council Recommendations

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 11 Jan 87 p 4

[Text]

PRETORIA Management Committee members are non-committal

about the possible opening of city cinemas to all

races.

At the end of June last

year the City Council re%

commended that 12 Pretoria cinemas — SterKinekor's eight Sterland

theatres and Zwartkops

drive-in theatre as well

as CIC's three cinemas at

Menlyn Park — be

opened to all races. This

was approved by the

Government.

Still segregated are

Ster-Kinekor's three Sunnypark theatres, Transvalia theatre and Fountains, Uitspan and Wonderboom drive-in theatres, and CIC's Oscar,

Metro and Village 1 and 2

theatres in Sunnyside.

A City Council spokesman said this week the

Management Committee

would consider the written ultimatum by SterKinekor.

He could not say when

this would happen, but

pointed out that the Management Committee's

first meeting of *e year

would take place on January 15.

A Ster-Kinekor spokesman yesterday described

black support for the

Sterland cinemas as

small but consistent with

three or four people attending every day.

102
'Krugersdorp Cinemas for Whites'

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 11 Jan 87 p 4

[Article by Guy Jepson]

[Text]

STER-KINEKOR must not send Krugersdorp whites ultimatums when it

comes to "bioscopes".

This is the message from town councillor Mr Izak Nel who this week

stressed that his voters would find it

preferable for Krugersdorp's Krugerrand cinema complex to close down

rather than be shared by all races.

"Krugersdorp is a white residential

area — why should township people

come and watch films here?" he asked.

"The people who voted for me want

the Krugerrand Centre to close down

rather than have it opened to all races. I

"They told me they are not going to

bend over backwards for bioscopes."

Councillor Nel pointed out that "the

Krugersdorp drive-in is multi-racial

anyway — and the bioscopes were licenced for whites only".

Mr Nel said he had no personal objections to sitting in the same cinema

as blacks. He said it was only fair

that township residente be allowed to

work and shop in Krugersdorp but that

it was better for everyone if they were

entertained in their own areas.

Asked whether he would go to the

Krugerrand Centre if it was opened to

all races, Councillor Nel said he didn't

"go to cinemas anyway".

"Ster-Kinekor are: trying to twist our

arms," he said.

"Although we are prepared to help

them, they must not send us ultimatums we cannot carry out"

Mr Nel likened the Ster-Kinekor

move to sanctions.

"But if all the bioscopes close down

we will not lose anything. If a motor

vehicle manufacturer pulled out of

South Africa it would hit us hard but if

the bioscopes closed down we would all

work a lot harder."

Asked whether the other businesses

in the Krugerrand complex would Jose

money if the cinemas were to close, Mr

Nel said "most of the businesses are iiot

open at night". ' ',

Ster-Kinekor Company Move

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 11 Jan 87 p 4

[Article by Guy Jepson]

[Text]

IN an unprecedented move,

Ster-Kinekor this week became the first South African

company to use sanctions

pressure as a force for political change.

Managing director Mr

David Isaacs, however, dismissed the suggestion that

Ster-Kinekor's ultimatum to

some city councils to desegregate cinemas amounted to

sanctions.

"We have come under

nressure from American film companies in the last

few months," he said, adding that Columbia Pictures

had publically stated that unless all Ster-Kinekor's

outlets were desegregated by May 1 they would stop

SUMry

isaacs stressed that Ster-Kinekor had petitioned

the Government for permission to open its cinemas to

all South Africans long before the American film

companies threatened sanctions.

"We managed to get multiracial status for a couple

of drive-ins 10 years ago," he said. "We've always anticipated that we'd open to all races. In fact, the major

103
expahsldä^plans we are implementing ätthemoment

iswe been on the drawing-board foryearai'^f'

v^ ffe saitf negotiations with the Krugersdorp local

authorities had been going on since November 1985.

"We had been negotiating with the Krugersdorp

local authorities for 14 months when we finally decided we were getting nowhere," he said.

Krugersdorp Town Clerk Mr Kobus Niewoudt said

it had been decided to refer the issue to a full town

council meeting scheduled for the 26th of this month.

Mr Niewoudt told The Sunday Star that he did not

regard Mr Isaac's statements as "an ultimatum".

"Ster-Kinekor just want to carry on doing business

in Krugersdorp — we don't feel as if we are being

pressured into anything," he said.

/9317

CSO: 3400/766

104
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

PFP/NRP ALLIANCE ENDORSED—Our political news staff reports that the federal

executive of the PFP has endorsed the alliance agreement at a provincial level

with the New Republic Party [NRP] and has decided to suspend the nomination

procedure for candidates in the Randburg constituency. In the constituency,

the NP MP, Mr Wynand Malan, has decided to stand as an independent. Tomorrow

the NRP executive will discuss election alliances at the provincial level

between the PFP and the NRP. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in

English 1600 GMT 25 Jan 87 MB] /9738

LABOR PARTY CAUCUS SUPPORTS HENDRICKSE—Cape Town, 27 Jan (SAPA)—The caucus

of the Labor Party has pledged its support for its leader, the Rev Allan

Hendrickse. In a short statement, the caucus chairman, Mr Jac Rabie, said a

normal meeting of the caucus was held today at which various party and

parliamentary matters were discussed. "The caucus stands united in the

support of the leader, Mr Allan Hendrickse." The Labor Party also held a

joint caucus meeting with the National People's Party today at which it was

agreed that further meetings would be held to "determine strategies" in the

interests of the House of Representatives and the House of Delegates. [Text]

[Johannesburg SAPA in English 1815 GMT 27 Jan 87 MB] /9738

CSO: 3400/903 END

105