concessionaries.

Government also de-
cided to“ promote a
healthy and predicta-
ble policy environment
for investors’ with
regard to legislation,
taxation, social ser-
vice regulations and
other policies that
might affect conces-
sions.

"Towards these ends,
the government will
establish a Bureau, of
Concessions, the terms
of reference of which
will be as outlined
in the relevant de-
cree," the statement
said.

The statement said
the decision was taken
recognizing that the
viability of conces~
sions depends on their
ability to compete ef-
fectively in the in-
ternational markets
with producers of si-
milar commodities in
other countries, and
cognizant of the need
to direct attention to
promoting new conces-
sions and expanding
existing ones,as well
as sustaining the via-
bility of existing
concession operation.

RICE PRODUCTION

In another develop-
ment. the Liberian Gov-
ernment will next July
introduce a policy
measure intended to
ensure consistency be»
tween domestic produc-
tion incentives, im
ports, and stocks of

PL-480 and commercial
rice and pricing in
the country.

The statement said
the government decided
on the matter because
it was "cognizant of

, the crucial role the

rice sector exercises
in the Liberian eco-
nomy."

It said the povern~
ment was also desirous
of. “stimulating pro-
duction of this impor~
tant staple as well] as
ensuring that adequate
supply is always on
the local market."

Under the new mea-
sure, the "long term
objective of the gov-
ernment's rice sector
policy’ would be to
Promote efficient do-
mestic production to
a consistent level
with the nation's en—
volving comparative
advantage as well as
long-run — self{-suffi-
ciency consideration."

The government has
also decided on
several measures du-
ring the period up to
July 1985, "in view of
the continuing high
level of rice stocks
in Liberia."

The current ban on
commercial rice im-
ports remains in ef-
fect, and could be
lifted "only as neces-
sary to ensure that
stock levels remain
at about 10,000 metric
tons," the statement



JPRS-SSA-85~032
18 April 1985

‘CHINESE BOOKS DONATED-~Zanu (PF)-~Politburo deputy secretary for education,
Cde Frederick Shava flips through the pages of the Selected Works of Zhou
Enlai, one of the 1 000 revolutionary books presented to Zanu (PY) yesterday
by the Chinese Communist Party, while the Chinese charge d'affaires, Cde
Wey Jianye, looks on. Receiving the gift, Cde Shava, who is also the Minis-
ter of Labour, Manpower Planning and Social Welfare, said it came at an op-
portune time when Zanu (PF) was re-organising its administration and the
literature would facilitate the process. China had a lot to offer to
Zimbabwe, particularly from its revolution which started with the peasantry
just like the one waged by Zanu (PF), he said. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD
in English 26 Feb 85 p 4]

CSO: 3400/847 END

119



MASIRE DECLARES FOURTH YEAR OF DROUGHT

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 12 Mar 85 p 1

[Text]

GABORONE: The President,
Dr Quett Masire has declared
part of the country, where at
least 70 per cent of the rural
population live, drought-
stricken.

He also announced that
the Government would
continue to run a full scale
drought relief programme in
these areas until at least the
end of 1986, to allay human
suffering.

In a nationwide radio
broadcast Sunday morning,
Dr Masire described the areas
severely affected by drought
as Soythern, South East,
Kgatleng, Kweneng, Ghanzi
and Kgalagadi districts, as
well as Boteti, Serowe-
Palapye and Mahalapye sub-
districts of the Central
District.

The President also declared
Chobe and North East
districts, North Central,
Tutume and Bobonong sub-
districts as recovery zones.
Ngamiland District has
recently made a good start
on the season and may also
fall into the recovery zones,
he stated.

He assured that the
Government would continue
to monitor the extent of
recovery in all these zones. If
genuine improvement does
materialise, a post-drought
recovery programme will be
implemented.

Dr Masire announced that
supplementary food will
continue to be given at health

21

facilities to all groups
presently receiving it in the
drought-stricken areas.
These groups are pre-school
children, children up to 10
years not attending school,
permanent and temporary
destitutes, pregnant and
lactating mothers and TB
outpatients.

Feeding at primary schools
and social assistance for
remote area dwellers will
continue. Also to be
continued are efforts to
intensify direct feeding for
actually malnourished
children at health facilities.
The President observed that
mothers were encouraged to
bring their children regualarly
tor feeding if they are found
by health staff to be
malnourished.

The President also
announced that labour-based
public works projects for the
able-bodied will continue
throughout the country until
at least the end of 1986. The
drought stricken areas will to
some extent get priority in
the allocation of funds. In the
recovery zones, he said, the
projects should be used both
to assist people with
supplemeritary income and
to make contributions to
future agricultural produc-
tion.

He added that all agricul-
tural relief measures would
continue in the drought-
stricken areas in the form of
cattle purchase scheme, free

IPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

BOTSWANA


NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, -the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

‘the contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JERS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
(nformation Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of
U.S. Government Publica issued by the Superintendent of
Documents, , U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



JPRS-SSA-85~-032
18 April 1985

ZIMBABWE

ENVOY TO ROMANIA WELCOMES COOPERATION
Harare THE HERALD in English 19 Mar 85 p 3

[Text] THE President of Romania, Cde Nicolae Ceausescu, has received the
credentials of Zimbabwe's new Ambassador to Romania, Cde Nicholas Tasunungura
Goehe.

The Romanian Weekly Agenda reported in its February 22-28 edition that Cde
Goche told Cde Ceausescu that like Romania, Zimbabwe backed all efforts aimed
at relaxing international strain and at entrenching a sound and durable peace
in the world.

Cde Ceausescu observed that Romania and Zimbabwe could further promote close
co-operation on major aspects of international issues.

He commended the growth of friendly relations between the two countries going
back to the days of Zimbabwe's liberation struggle.

Cde Goche replaces Cde John Mayowe who has been appointed Zimbabwe's Ambassa-
dor to Senegal.

Meanwhile, President Ceausescu was on Sunday re-elected as a deputy to the
Grand National Assembly of Romania.

A spokesman for the Romanian Embassy in Harare said yesterday that Cde

Ceausescu, who has beeen proposed as a candidate of the Socialist Democracy
and Unit Front for district one of the capital, Bucharest, had been returned
with "an overwhelming majority".

The Romanian parliament is re-elected every four years and deputies are chosen
from the people's councils at the level of counties, districts and towns.

The spokesman also said two central committee members of the Youth League of
Romania arrived in Harare yesterday afternoon for consultations with officials
of the Ministry of Youth, Sport and Culture.

He said Cde Diacoescu Constanin and Cde Danilon Dumitru had come from Tanzania
where they attended the just concluded Pan-Africa Youth Conference.

During their four day stay, the visiting youth league members are expected to
renew a co-operation agreement with the ministry as well as exchange views.

(CSO: 3400/864
115



Started to attack the road from Tete to
Angonia, this caused problems, because
when this road got blocked, Angonia
became cut-off and isolated.

Frederikse: Surplus — what happens to it?

Schade: Some was transported to Tete on
private initiative; part was bought by the
population in Tete who came on their
own risk, but at blackmarket prices; part
was transported by the government, but
the government got into problems
because it managed to only get the goods
to Tete, where it spoiled because they
were unable to move the goods on to
Beira.

Frederikse: Did some of the surplus go out
of the country?

Schade: Some surplus went out of the coun-
try because Angonia is a border town —
20-30 kilometres from Malawi — and
the people market their products in
Malawi in exchange for consumer goods.
The people want to exchange for con-
sumer goods because the Mozambican
money is not worth anything and doesn’t
improve their standard of living, and con-
sumer goods became scarce in the pro-
vince.

Frederikse: Is some of the grain and food
aid which comes back into Mozambique
from Malawi, part of the surplus original-
ly grown in Mozambique?

Schade: Yes, because western European
countries began to buy maize from near-
by spots, due to the drought-stricken Tete
Province; they bought from Malawi and
Zimbabwe; not South Africa because of
the economical and political situation
there. A lot of maize produced in
Angonia, and Zambézia, was transported
illegally and sold in Malawi for dollars
and perhaps is now retransported back
into Mozambique as aid.

Frederikse: What changes in the war did
you see occur between 1981 — 1984?

Schade: Before, the roads from Angonia to
Tete were accessible, but in September
1982, the roads to Angonia were attacked
and the problem really started. This is a
well-made plan by the MNR, based on
Mozambican intelligence deserters. One
big guy in the beginning of 1982 defected
to South Africa and took with him docu-
ments on ANC operations in Mozambi-
que. After his defection and there were
others too, MNR activities focussed on
hot points and major areas. The big
MNR strategy is to block roads from the
major province town, to important
districts like Angonia, then you starve
people little by little. This was an impor-
tant move and a big blow for the district.

64

At the end of 1983, MNR became more
active in the district itself. They operate
from the bush and come partly into the
open — hit and run tactics. We saw
attacks on the nearby second important
place in the district with 24 hr notice
given. But no Frelimo troops took any
initiative. These attacks were damaging
psychologically because when govern-
ment is warned and takes no action then
this affects the people.

Shops have been empty since this time.
There are no consumer goods because
products have gone into Malawi.

Frederiske: What did you see on your recent

trip back?

Schade: I went back at the end of January

and what struck me most is that people
have been psychologically affected by the
war. Things are going down; there is no
communication; people are completely
isolated and there are hardly any con-
sumer goods; hardly any petrol; hardly
any seeds for last rain season and no fer-
tilizer at all.

Also, the MNR seems to have changed
their tactics. Before no atrocities were
committed against the population itself.
Now they invade villages, as well as at-
tack convoys. They massacre the popula-
tion. I was informed by the hospital that
192 severely wounded people were
brought to hospital in the last two months
and over 200 killed in the past two to
three months. But the figures are not
accurate because people bury their dead
elsewhere, .

No Frelimo structures —_ health,
education, etc. set up by the youth — are
around anymore, Frelimo has no clue as
to what is happening in certain big impor-
tant areas and this is true throughout the
country. The MNR little by little replaces
the authorities which is what they are
opting for.

Frederikse: What are your observations

‘on. the situation in Mozambique since
Nkoimati?

Schade: The war only got worse since Nko-

mati; it got worse in the whole country.
One could doubt what effect Nkomati
has. South Africa wants to get out little
by little.

Also, there are other main supporters
like the Portuguese and big shots in Ma-
lawi and South Africa would like for
MNR to be taken over by these other sup-
porters.

Frederikse: There has been speculation that

arms are being supplied to MNR via Ma-
lawi. Have you seen any evidence to sup-
port these claims, and who do you think
is supplying MNR? What do the people
think?


JPRS~SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

METHODIST LEADER VOICES OPPOSITION ‘TO DISINVESTMENT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 26 Mar 85 pp 1, 2

[Article by Keith Abendroth]

[Text]

THE leader of South-
em, Africa’s: Method-
ists, the Rev Peter
Storey. last night came
out against disinvest-
ment as a strategy for
chang

Speaking in’ Pretoria
the outspoken leader of
one of South A
largest churches called for
a national convention on
South Africa's future and
for the release of “politi-
cal prisoners” to enable
them to participate in a
convention,

Mr Storey warned that
disinvestment could how-
ever, become an clement
of hope for the country’s
Blacks.

“Arguments about the
merits or demerits of dis-
investment are academic.

“If people believe in
something enough and
are desperate cnough,
they will use such a
weapon and they will at
least have a right to say
that it is better than viol-
ent revolution.” he saic

Suffering

The real issue today
was apartheid and buman
suffering

Vhe only way to deat
with the disinvestment is
sue isnot by thi
ii, but by takin,
apartheid

“We need to find a for-
mula to stop the violence
which is enveloping our
townships,

“This violence will only
come to'an end if hope is
given toa hopeless people

and hope means ac
declaration that apartheid
will be dismantled over a
realistic period,” said Mr
Storey.

Hf apartheid was dis
mantled a formula would
have to be found to cope
with White fears, and
such a formula could only
be honoured if it had the
support of the Black com-
munity

Such a formula, said
Mr Storey. could only be
worked oul in consulta
tion with the Black com-
munity. which — meant
some form of national
convention

“A national convention
is only possible through
the release of political
prisoners and _negotia-
tions with the liberation
movements, in which a
commitment to a com-
mon form of citizenship
must be offered in’ ex
change for a renunciation
of violence.”

He added: “I am con-
vinced that this is the road
that we must walk and
our only choice is that we
walk it now while most
South Africans are still

SOUTH AFRICA


BDF WARNED AGAINST INVOLVE)

ENT IN POLITICS

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 4 Mar 85 pl

[Text]

GABORONE: The
Commander of the Botswana
Defence Force (BDF), Major
General Mompati Merafhe
has warned that there was no
room in the BDF for those
who entertain political
ambitions or find it difficult
to surpress their party
political inclinations.

General Merafhe made it
cleay that the BDF was a
purely professional defence
force whose mission was the
defence of Botswana. He said
‘it was therefore completely
above party politics.

in a keynote speech at the
passing out parade for
recruits at the Sir Seretse
Khama Barracks on Friday,
the commander said he
expected and required ell
members of the BDF to
adhere strictly to this
important policy of political
neutrality in the force. He
said he felt newcomers should
be reminded of this important
condition of their employ-
ment.

General Merafhe urged the
recruits to ensure that they
behaved in a manner which
did not turnish the image of
the force. He said the BDF
had tried very hard and with
some measure of success to
establish a disciplined
defence force. The force
would be extremely upset if
those who were joining this
organisation did not abide
by the good traditions which

11

have been established and
have become the hall-mark
of the BDF.

The commander said he
would not hesitate to take
stern disciplinary action
against members of the BDF
who did not behave
themsolves properly. He said
as members of a disciplined
organisation, they should not
allow themselves to react
harshly to the provocation of
some of the unruly elements
of our society. He urged them
to act with utmost restraint at
all times.

General Merafhe reminded
the newcomers that there was
no greater honour than to be
called upon to sacrifice their
lives for the defence of their
fellow citizens. This was a
very important task which
demanded complete devotion
to duty. He said members of
the BDF should be prepared
to accept occupational risk
that goes with soldiering and
remember that their own life
was secondary to the lives of
the people for whom it was
their duty to protect.

The commander said he
did not want soldiers who
wero pre-occupied with their
own Safety to the detriment
of the safety of members of
the public. He said the pride
of any army was in its ability
to meet the expectations of
the people it was previleged
to serve.

He said an army was a

JPRS-SSA-85-032 >
18 April 1985

BOTSWANA



JPRS-SSA~85-032
18 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

GAZANKULU-LEBOWA COMMISSION TO END CONFLICTS
Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 2 Mar 85 p 5

[Text]

CSO:

AN ATTEMPT to reduce
the long-standing ten-
sions and conflicts be-
tween Gazankulu and
Lebowa is to be made
through a jointly-ap-
pointed commission,
with a chairman nomi-
nated by the South Afri-
can Government.

This was announced in
a joint statement yester-

3400/847

day by the Minister of Co-
operation and Develop-
ment, Dr Gerrit Viljoen,
the Chief Mini
Lebowa, Dr Cedric Pha-
tudi, and the Chief Mini
ter of Gazankulu, Profe
sor Hudson Ntsanwisi.

Tensions have been so
high in the past that Pro-
fessor Ntsanwisi last year
said bloodshed would
erupt if the government

70

continued with its plans
to transfer an area of land
inhabited by Shangaan-
speaking people into
Lebowa.

The two homelands,
which in parts have inter-
locking boundaries, have
also clashed over the al-
location of hospitals and
in the Bushbuckridge
area the two homeland
development corpora-

tions have erected sepa-
rate supermarkets 5km
apart.

In yesterday’s state-
ment, Dr Viljoen and the
two homeland leaders
said the “tension and
conflict along the border
between Lebowa and Ga-
zankulu” had been dis-
cussed on Thursday.

“It was decided to set
up a joint commission be-
tween Lebowa and Gazan-
kulu under a neutral
chairman with judicial
experience noi ins ited by
the Minister of Co-opera-
tion, Development and
Education to deal with
future disputes in the
border areas.”

The statement ap-
pealed to people in the
relevant areas to cease
all violence.



JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

ETHIOPIA

FRG TV ON ETHIOPIAN IRRITATION OVER BLOC ATTITUDE
DW271117 Mainz ZDF Television Network in German 2045 GMT 26 Mar 85

[Rainer Hirsch video report from Addis Ababa showing impressions of the city,
the mercato market, Asab Port, and wide-angle shots of prominent buildings;
from the "heute-Journal" program]

[Text] The pictures of President Mengistu and those of Marx, Engels, and Lenin
are seen here on revolutionary square in Addis Ababa. During the revolution
festivities last September they were still side by side, now they have been
separated. Is this an external indication of a new development or mere coinci-
dence?

Representative building in downtown Addis Ababa along Churchill Road are decep-
tive; most of them date back to the Haile Selassie era. The revolution has
enriched Addis primarily with administrative buildings. All around us is
everyday life with a socialist facade; irritation over shortages, arbitrariness
of the authorities, and increasing prices. Wages do not go up.

At first glance the goods on sale on Mercator Market, East Africa's biggest,
appear to be plentiful. But measured by the daily needs the commodities of
daily life are scarce, and the inflation rate is 100 percent. Just a few hun-
dred meters away from the market people are living under poorest conditions.
Comparably they are still well off, because more than 90 percent of the
Ethiopian people are living at the edge of the subsistence minimum.

Ethiopia, forward this was the revolution motto of 1974, but who still believes
in it? The state coffers are practically empty, above all as a result of the
long, deadlocked battles with the rebels in the north. The costs for them
keep growing.

Ships from West and East are unloading cargoes at Assab Port food from the
West. The Soviet ship in the background carries weapons. No filming is
allowed.

At the moment the Ethiopian government keeps distance in both directions.
President Mengistu does not make any bones about the fact that he is primarily
interested in preserving Ethiopia's independence. Even in the past several
years the advisers from the East bloc no longer reaped any deep gratitude for

28



JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

this country, but merely serves as a cheap and transparent means to lure over-
seas tours to the land of apartheid. "Sacos, as representative of the right-
less Black sports persons, believes that overseas tours prop up and provide
Propaganda for the apartheid system, thereby giving it a longer lease of life.
Sacos rejects overseas tours while the racists' laws and oppressive institu-

tions are on the statute books. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English
20 Mar 85 p 12] 6 omnes

GWUSA SLAMMED--THE director of a plastic bags manufacturing company in Pre-
toria, whose employees are on strike, yesterday blamed the Government of
having blundered in allowing blacks to form trade unions. Mr PG Hutt, direc-
tor of Pack Shur, was reacting to his employees' demands that the General
Workers Union of South Africa (Gwusa) be recognised as their representative
body. He said blacks took advantage of the Government's generosity and were
creating new organisations daily. "I explained to my employees that they
should form a committee to solve their problems internally because I am
against trade unions. I am one of the pioneers in South African industry and
cannot tolerate continued disruptions at this factory. Because the Government
has allowed blacks to form trade unions we have a free-for-all in industry,"
Mr Hutt said. The striking workers told The SOWETAN that they refused to
return to their posts because management was not prepared to talk to Gwusa.
They also wanted their demands for better pay met. "A company official said
we should stop making fools of ourselves as the trade union was interested
only in our subscriptions. But this was unacceptable to us and, as a result,
we told management to either meet our demands or do without us," a worker
said. A Gwusa official said a meeting of workers resolved that no one should
return to work unless management did away with its selective method when re-
employing them. All demand that they be unconditionally reinstated and that
their trade union be recognised. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English
14 Mar 85 p 3]

GWUSA STRIKE~-MEMBERS of the General Workers' Union of South Africa employed
at the Pack Shur Plastic Manufacturing Factory in Pretoria West this week went
on strike over pay demands and recognition for their union. According to Mr
Joseph Oliphant, organiser for Gwusa, his organisation represented more than
60 percent of the workers who he claimed earned an average weekly wage of
R28,00 for a 12-hour day. He added that trouble at the factory started on
Monday morning as management refused to talk to Gwusa officials. He said,
however, they eventually managed to draw company officials to a meeting where
it was agreed that all the striking employees be allowed to go on with their
work while negotiations continued. But, according to Mr Oliphant, that could
not materialise as management wanted to select employees when they returned to
work. "The act was unacceptable to us and we felt that all the people be left
out until an agreement has been reached. We intend holding further talks with
the company later on Tuesday," he said. The director of the company, Mr T G
Hutt, was said to have been engaged in a meeting when The SOWETAN contacted
his office. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 13 Mar 85 p 3]

SAPPL EXPANSION--SAPPL's Ngodwana expansion project, near Nelspruit in the

Eastern Transvaal, achieved a further milestone this month when the kraft
linerboard machine produced its first saleable linerboard. The kraft

99



JwRS-SSA~B5-032
18 April 1985

GHANA

NKRUMAH SAYS AFRICA NOT FREE WHILE APARTHEID EXISTS
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 6 Mar 85 pp 3, 7
[Article by Kofi Dapaah: "Africa: Resist Aparthied"]

[Text] AT the attainment of independence 28 years ago Ghana's first presi-
dent, Dr Nkrumah gave the famous assurance that the independence of Ghana
would be meaningless unless it was linked to the liberation of the entire
continent of Africa.

That was not an empty slogan or a nice-sounding promise of no worth. Despite
Ghana's problems it has shown its resolute commitment to the cause of libera-
tion in Africa.

Today the focal point of African liberation is Southern Africa where a racist
white minority occupies Namibia illegally and oppresses the Black majority in
(the Republic) South Africa.

As (ever) before, the recent OAU liberation Committee meeting in Accra and the
OAU ministerial meeting in Addis Ababa have heightened the need to speed up
the efforts to defeat the racist regime.

This means that all independent African countries and the world-wide anti-
apartheid movement must ensure that actions are taken to isolate and weaken
the South African government and thereby use (the) pressure to help the cause
of national liberation.

Visit

Latest reports indicate that certain African countries may be collaborating
with Pretoria in various forms, thus helping the S. A. regime to break out of
the isolation. There are reports that recently the South African Foreign
Minister, Pik Botha visited some countries in East Africa.

From one perspective his visit was a failure since it did not give him the ex-

pected results, despite reported pressure from the United States on behalf of
the South Africans.

35



cso:

and justice.

Miss Waylce who des-
cribed Monrovia as a
“tribal ‘melting pot
of Liberia," said.that
the WSB will émbark
upon studies and
Programs to’’ identify
the social needs of
the women of Liberia,
finding solutipns as
to how these needs can
be best fulfilled in
thé Second Republic,
and getting women more
involved in technology
an¢ business enterpri-
ses.

She stressed that
WSB will also engage
in’ literacy programs
at the various market
places, beginning with
Rally Time Market
and embark upon inten-
sive sports programs
which will involve
competitions'among the
various areas of Mon-
rovia, and later the
entire nation.

In remarks, the Na-
tional Chairman of the
NDPL,Mr.Kekura, Kpoto,
thanked the Women's
Special Brigade for
forming such a power-
ful and useful force
in the party. He said
that women are like
"salt" once it is not
in the soup, people

3400/837

60

have no taste for the
meal.

Ne noted that people
who were once sitting
on the “fence. with
suspicious minds are
now active members of
the party. Mr. Kpoto
then reiterated that
NDPL only seeks the
soul of the pedple and
not through the
methods of threat, fear
and pressure.

The fourteen offi-
cers installed were:
Jeannet Waylee, Chair-
lady; Evelyn Mahsuos
vice chairlady; Anita
R. Korneth, secretary
general;Laurice Reeves,
publicity  chairlady;
Cefanie Sesay, treasu-
rer and Eva Youboty,
special assistant to
the chairlady and
chairlady of the
financial committee.

Others were; Gbolu
Seba Sesay, co-ordina-—
tor; Fata Samuels,
deputy coordinator; K.
C. Kaba, asst. co-
ordinator; Pauline
Cooper, financial se- |
cretary; Helen k,
Gayflor, chaplain;
Eunice M. Ri Campbel]
asst. chaplain and
Miata Edith Sherman,

advisor to the chair—
lady.


JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

GHANA

TECHNICAL, ECONOMIC AGREEMENT SIGNED WITH ITALY
AB271621 Accra Domestic Service in English 1300 GMT 27 Mar 85

{Text] Ghana and Italy have signed an economic and technical cooperation agree-
ment in Accra. The two sides also reviewed the state of mutual relations par-
ticularly in the area of economic and technical cooperation within the framework
of the economic recovery program. Under the agreement, the Italian government
will co-finance the Kpong waterworks rehabilitation project at the cost of

$3.7 million. The Italian government also agreed to finance the national coop-
erative tractor rehabilitation and operational maintenance program with a grant
of $1.3 million. The Italian government also expressed its willingness to co-
finance a $10 million program for the rehabilitation of power systems of the
Volta River Authority.

At the request of Ghana, Italy has agreed to consider the possibility of allo-
cating a grant to finance a technical management assistance to the Aluminum
Rolling Mill project at Tema. -

Ghana requested Italy to reestablish commercial credits for expansion in eco-
nomic relations between the two countries. The Italian delegation agreed to
pursue this matter with the appropriate authorities. In connection with the
request, Ghana indicated some projects to be considered as priorities. These
are the extension of power grids to the north and the rehabilitation of timber
equipment of Italian origin. The two sides agreed to hold annual consultations
to review economic and technical cooperation between them.

The agreement was signed for Ghana by the Secretary for Finance and Economic
Planning, Dr Kwesi Botchwey, and the Italian Undersecretary of State for For-
eign Affairs, Mario Raphael.

CSO: 3400/879

31



Schade:

a researcher with Maputo’s Centre for
African Studies. ‘‘The South Africans want
the openings which have been created for
private investment to represent a decisive
strategic shift on the part of Frelimo, rather
than a tactical retreat. The ultimate goal is to
link Mozambique into the South African
economy in a way which subordinates it.’”

In mid-January, the South Africans got a
signal that they were going too far: the
United States announced a grant of US$1
million worth of “limited, non-lethal” mili-
tary assistance. It was also a signal to the
Mozambicans that, in the words of the US
State Department, America hoped to ‘‘en-
courage a policy of real non-alignment”’ ina
country with which it is involved in a “‘grow-
ing relationship”.

America’s huge grain surpluses and
Mozambique’s drought- and war-induced
famine have combined to make the US
Mozambique’s top food aid donor. Mozam-
bique ‘has finally been removed from the US
black list of development aid (Angola and
Tanzania remain on it), and has received its
first small (US$8 million) but strategic grant
— tied specifically to the development of
Mozambique’s underdeveloped private sec-
tor.

Potential Western investors are very en-
couraged by what they see as Mozambique’s
rapprochement with the West since the sign-
ing of the Nkomati Accord. Mozambique
has now joined the International Monetary
Fund and the World Bank, renegotiated its
debts with the Paris Club and published a
new investment code.

Yet the first and only major business deal
to be signed between South ‘Africa and

Frederikse: How long were you in Mozam-
bique and under what auspices?

Schade: I came to Mozambique in 1980, In
October 1981 I went up to-Angonia as the
Director of the Tete Branch of the Na-
tional Project of Cooperatives and Small
Farmers Regional Centre for Develop-
ment and Experimentation. The idea was
to improve the standard of living of
farmers by small means. I was employed
by the Mozambican government and the
Project is supported by the Scandanivian
countries.

Frederikse: Why is the Angonia Province so
important?

63

Mozambique since Nkomati is the formation
of ‘‘Mozatour Ltd.”, a joint venture of
Mozambique’s government tourist company
and a small Afrikaaner businessman named
Johnnie Henn, who is also the mayor of the
border town of Komaatipoort. With the
South African economy in the midst of the
worst recession since the 1930s, and bank-
ruptcies and interest rates skyrocketing,
small business interests in the eastern Trans-
vaal see their salvation in the opening up of
new markets in Mozambique.

“1m sure that everything in Mozambique
will turn to the better within the next year or
two,’’ said Mayor Henn confidently, in an
interview in Inhaca. ‘‘Then you must be in
Mozambique, and ready to benefit, or you'll
be too late.” An island in the Indian Ocean
off the coast of Maputo, Inhaca is untouch
ed by MNR activity and thus the only resor
ripe for development by Mozatour.

The big South African corporations and
the -multi-nationals are also poised to invest
in Mozambique’s dormant tourist industry
and vast wealth of natural resources, and
Lonrho has signed a letter of intent with the
government to develop a series of beach
resorts. But, like so many other potential in-
vestors, aid agencies and governments, most
are taking a wait-and-see attitude due to the
desperate‘security situation.

It is a sad and telling commentary that the
few dozen South African tourists in Inhaca,
flown by private plane direct from Trans-
vaal, represent the only concrete result of the
Nkomati Accord — which was supposed to
réjuvenate the battered Mozambican
economy witha flood of investment —-while
on the mainland across from this island, the
war rages on. o

'Things Only Got Worse After Nkomati’

[Interview with Ernst Schade by Julie Frederikse]

Schade: Angonia is the high plateau district
and very fertile; heavy rains also fall in
the area and the population is keen on
agriculture, Production is high in
Angonia ‘and there is always a surplus.
So, Angonia is the most fertile place in
the country and the most important.

Frederikse: When did the trouble start in the
area?

Schade: Trouble’ started when the capital
city in Tete became isolated from the rest
of the province. The whole hinterland
became blocked and is not functioning
anymore. Angonia supplied the southern
Part of the country. When the MNR



JPRS~SSA-85~-032
18 April 1985

linerboard machine is the third phase of the giant expansion project. The
start-up of the machine was achieved six months ahead of the scheduled

‘'original date. The machine is designed to produce 150 000 tons annually of
all grades of kraft and its capacity can later be increased to 250 000 tons a
year. The kraft from this machine will primarily serve Sappi's customers in
the Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging area. But the kraft linerboard machine
is not the only element of the Ngodwana project making the headlines. Phase I
of the project--the newsprint machine, which was commissioned in September
.1983--also set a production record. It produced 443 tons of newsprint during
a 24-hour period on Sunday, March 17. This is 11 percent above the machine's
design capacity and is thought to be a newsprint production record for South

. Africa, The commissioning of the kraft linerboard machine means that all
three phases of the Ngodwana mill have now commenced production. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 26 Mar 85 p 23]

POLICE ACCOUNT OPPOSED--HOUSE OF DELEGATES~-The House of Delegates was not
willing to allow the police to have a secret funds account, Mr Ranji Nowbath,
the ruling National People's Party spokesman on justice said. The House voted
unanimously against the Second Reading of the South African Police Special
Account Bill by supporting a motion by Mr Nowbath that the Bill be read six
months hence. Mr. Nowbath said he could understand the Department of Foreign
Affairs and the Defence Force having secret funds accounts because they were
engaged in activities against agencies outside the country. "But when it
comes to the police, the public should know what happens to every cent that is
spent." He said the recent events at Crossroads and Uitenhage were further
evidence that the police could not be entrusted with secret funds which were
not subject to the scrutiny of Parliament. Mr Pat Poovalingam (Sol Reservoir
Hills) said he agreed that secret accounts should not be given to an agency
which "terrorised citizens into submission." The Minister of Finance, Mr
Barend du Plessis said it had always been possible for police to obtain secret
funds but this Bill merely provided for better administration of the funds.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 26 Mar 85 p 4]

CSIR MANAGER TRANSFERRED--MR P J van der Westhuizen, programme manager, space
and atmosphere, of the CSIR's foundation for Research Development, has been
appointed scientific counsellor in Paris, the CSIR announced yesterday. Mr
Van der Westhuizen replaces Dr Johan Brink, who, after a term of six years,
will return to South Africa at the end of March to take up the post as head of
the CSIR's international relations division. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN
in English 26 Mar 85 p 20]

APARTHELD'S BUDGETARY IMPACT--PLETERMARITZBURG--The Budget indicated that
South Africa was beginning to pay the price of apartheid, Dr Frederik van Zyl
Slabbert, the leader of the Opposition, told a lunchtime meeting of about 250
people in Pietermartizburg yesterday. South Africa had been over spending for
the past nine years and over the past 10 years the size of the Budget deficit
had increased nine-fold and the public debt four-fold, he said. While this
was the first time there had been a cut in Defence spending and an increase in
money spent on education, the burden of the individual was being increased
through higher GST, This had had a dampening effect on business, he said.

"We need tax reform to restore private initiative and everything should be

100


FRIMPONG VISITS MILITARY ESTABLISHMENTS, STRESSES DUTIES

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 13 Mar 85 p 5

[Text]

THE Foree Sergeant
Major W.O.1 Frimpong
who is also the Armed
For es CDR Organising
stant is currently
on tour of Military
Establishments — in
Acera/Tema area to
talk to the troops on mi-
litary duties and disci-
pline, present ceonomic
situation in the country,
proper care of weapons,
national security and
the need for partici
tion of all ranks in
Armed Forces CDR pro-
jects.
Accompanying him on
the tour are W.0.1 Afful,
ant to the Force Ser-
keant Major W.0,1 Ander:
son, Army CDR Organis-
ing Assistant, C.P.O.1
Mensah, Navy CDR Orga-
nising Assistant, W.O.I1
aver, Air Force Organis-
ing Assistant, W.O.1 Osei
of Air Force Flight Opera-
tions and Staff Sergeant
Jakpa, Secretary, Armed
Forces CDR.
At every unit visited, the
Force Sergeant Majo
plained that the appoint-
ment of Foree Sergeant
Major was a new one to
which he had been privi-
leged to be the first holder
of that appointment
He appealed to all to co.
operate with him in his
cflorts to measure up te
expectation as his succes
py failure depended on
then, He stressed that the
permanency of the ap
pointiment and its succes:
sion by others was the y
sponsibility of all ranks,
vspeckilly the Non
Commissioned Oftiver
Corps
He continued that, as

41

the most senior Sergeant
Major by appointment and
heing directly responsible
to the Force’ Commander,
he was in a unique position
to convey to the Force

nder reaction of all
to Armed Forces is-
rnment poli-

‘Y and

s s, he reminded
troops of the rigorous
training they — went
through on their enlist.
ment and the resultant
physical and mental deve-
lopment. He continued
that other ranks who
maintained and developed
these qualities were able to
carn rapid promotions on
being posted to their var-
jous units,

‘The Force Se nt Ma-
jor reminded troops of the
oath they swore on enlist-
ment and éxhorted them
to obey orders from their
immediate superior ranks
promptly as the orders
came from higher com-
mand,

He observed that some
Non-Commissioned Offic.
ers were losing control of
men under their command
by failing to strictly enfor-
ce Armed Forces Regula-
tions on offending or de
faulting soldiers. He fir
called on NCOs to justify
the confidence repased in
theta by Commanders who,
recommended their ap
Pointments or promotions.

On the present economic
situation in the country,
the Force Sergeant: Major
drew the attention of
troops to the state of the
economy before the De
comber 31 Revolution. at
the beginning of the revo-

JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

CHANA



MURRAY & ROBERTS EARNINGS DROP EXPECTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 25 Mar 85 p 21

[Article by Don Wilkinson]

[Text]

COVERING — many
sectors of the econ-
omy, from consumer
goods through |. to
building and civil en-
gineering and with a
useful international
coverage, conglomer-
ate Murray & Roberts
expects its earnings for
the year ended next
June to be around 30
percent lower than in
1983-84,

This is something of a
contrast to the indication
in the annual report last
September that earnings
for the current year would
not be “materially differ-
ent” from the 243c a
share reported for 1983-
84, from which the divi-
dend totalled a 3,2 times
covered 7c a share.

It may also come as
something of a surprise to
those who last week
raised the share price to
1 225c on Friday from the
1 100¢ with which it began
the week. putting its his-
toric dividend yield at 6,3
percent, well below: the
return on the JSE's indus-
trial holding sector index
of 7 percent,

On the other hand. as
M & R point out in the

83

interim statement now re-
leased, the fall-off in in-
dustrial activity in’ the
half-year to December
was “significantly great-
er” than had been gener-
ally expected, and it’s
likely to continue in the
current half-year.

The brief figures at-
tached to the interim re-
port show the taxed oper-
ating profit at R25,16-mil-
lion, down 26,6 percent
on the — comparable
R34,33-million, before a
little changed R6,5-mil-
lion (R6,72-million) for
outside interests and pref
dividends, leaving
R18,66-million (R27,61-
million) attributable to
the equity.

To this is added
R771 000 (R434 000) of
surplus on the sale of
fixed assets and invest-
ments, making for earn-
ings a share of 74c (108c),
down 31,5 percent, and
thus already in line with
the forecast for the year
as a whole

M & R says that the
majority of its interests
ly affected
by the recession -—~ and
confirm this by showing
that its share of associated
companies’ earnings in
the period fell to R5,74-

JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS-SEA-85-032
18 Apri] 1985

ANGOLA

UNITA RELEASES AMERICANS, PORTUGUESE HOSTAGES
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Mar 85 p 10
{Article by Janine Stein]

[Text] The 27 hostages released from Unita's headquarters at Jamba in Angola
over the weekend harbour no ill-feelings towards the rebel troops whom they
described as "helpful" and "just doing their job."

The group--unexpectedly enlarged by five Portuguese--arrived at Jan Smuts Air-
port in Johannesburg on Saturday afternoon to a joyful greeting from relatives
and friends, after being held for almost three months.

The three crew members of the TransAmerican Airlines Hercules who were shot
down over the North-eastern Angolan mining town of Kanfunfo a few hours after
the town had been overrun by the rebel movement, said once that had survived
the gruelling 600-kilometre march to Jamba they were well treated.

Disappointed

The captain of the aircraft, Captain Gerhard Opel (54) said he bore no ill-
will towards Unita "because they are fighting for their country," but was
disappointed in Fapla "because the Angolan Government had the information
about the attack on Kafunfo earlier in the day that could have saved us, but
they did not give it to us."

Captain Opel, although bound by company rules restricting discussion on his
landing at Kafunfo said he had a personal feeling of grief at losing a crew
member. The co-pilot of the Hercules, Mr William Reed of California, was
killed when the plane was shot at by Unita troops.

Shooting at the grounded Hercules only ceased when Captain Opel shouted in
Portuguese that the crew was American.

Flight-engineer, Mr Alan Bongard (56), accompanied by his wife Mrs Faye
Bongard, told the Press conference: "What happened was an accident. Unita was
just doing their job and were as helpful to us as possible."

Mr Bongard was carried by rebel troops for about 10 days after he could no
longer walk.


KENYA

Parastatals Receive Government Attention
(THE WEEKLY REVIEW, 8 Mar 85)..

Major Problems of Parastatals 45
Dismantling Parastatals 46
New Parastatal Policies 47

Attractive Financing Secures Airbus Tender
(THE WEEKLY REVIEW, 8 Mar 85).....sceeeeeeeees tee ceeee eee cees 49

Briefs
Students Protest Court Hearing 50

LIBERIA

Aliens Warned To Stop Falsifying Citizenship

(NEW LIBERIAN, 5 Mar 85).. seeeeeeee SL

Israeli Construction Firm Pledges To Help Build Agriculture Ministry
(NEW LIBERIAN, 4 Mar 85)....cceesseeceeee seeecoeee D2

Government Adopts Reforms for Economic Recovery
(NEW LIBERIAN, 7 Mar 85)..ceeeseeeeeee

Foreign Minister Vows To Enforce Merit System
(NEW LIBERIAN, 25 Feb 85)......

Officers of NDPL Women's Brigade Inducted
(Gus D. Jaeploe; NEW LIBERIAN, 25 Feb 85)....

soccer eeeee 59

Briefs
Arab Prince Visits 61

MOZAMBIQUE

Journalist Reports on Situation, Speaks to Foreign Worker
(MOTO, No 32, Mar 85). ..cceececceeveccccectcecectereseeeesss 62

SOUTH AFRICA

Ametican Chamber of Commerce Supports Parliamentary Vote To Blacks
(Janine Stein; THE CITIZEN, 20 Mar 85)... ....sc ee eeee eee ee es 66

TWUSA To Fight for Black Security Guards
(Nkopane Makobane; SOWETAN, 22 Mar 85)...esevcececeecerereces 68

Gazankulu-Lebowa Commission To End Conflicts
(CAPE TIMES, 2 Mar 85). .cceccecccccccccececsccsccsesscerssees 10



JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

GHANA

LIBYA'S SUPPORT FORRSA FREEDOM FIGHTERS PRAISED
Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 4 Mar 85 p 2
[Editorial: "8 Years of 'Jamahiriya'"]

[Text] ALL progressive and revolutionary forces are very clear in their minds
about the two reasons why world imperialism seeks to falsely project the
Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahirlya as a danger to other African coun-
tries, and the leader of its revolution, Muammar Al-Qadhafi, as a pestilential
busy body to the continent:The first reason is Libya's firm step on the
revolutionary path. The second reason is Qadhafi's pledge to the OAU to put
Libya's resources in really practical ways at the disposal of the freedom
fighters of South Africa in support of the armed phase of their liberation
struggle against the apartheid regime.

All revolutions in the Third World are anti-Imperlalist; they are therefore
essentially against neo-colonialism, for a clear reason: Imperialism is a
system of foreign domination of a country's economy through the control of
it's political organization. This political control is directly exercised
through the colonial system (the resident colonial government). As a colony
is lost with the attainment of independence and imperialism thereby loses its
direct political means of dominating the country's economy, it changes to non-
direct political methods of maintaining the same economic domination. These
new methods of controlling a country's economy form the system called neo-
colonialism. Therefore any country which takes the path of revolution is a
threat to the interests of neo-colonialism in that country itself and a danger
to neo-colonialism in other countries because other countries may follow its
example. Libya succeeded in establishing its revolution and is making steady
advances in the revolutionary process. This development must not be recom-
mended to the rest of Africa. So Imperialism tries hard to paint a wrong, re-
pugnant picture of Libya to other African countries--albeit a futile attempt.

The apartheid regime in South Africa is important for imperialism in two
respects. In the first place, it is a colonial system that enables the imper-
ialists to have direct political control of the country without appearing to
be exercising this control since the rulers of South Africa are not foreigners
as other colonial governments had been. Colonialism is internationally dis-
credited, so the surrogate aparthied regime saves imperialism that embarrass-
ment but enables the imperialist economic domination to proceed in South

38


cso:

3400/870

an National Security
imployers’ Association
(Sansea), granted the
union stop-order facili:
ties and agreed to the
formation of an indus-
trial council for the in-
dustry,

Employers’ attitudes
have since hardened
considerably. Some of
the firms with whom we
have had to take up
cases of maltreatment
will no longer talk to us.
One of the larger firms
has withdrawn its stop-
order facilities and we
are coming up against a
stone wall when we talk
about an industrial
council,” she said.

The union maintains
that workers will get a
fair deal while they have
to depend on Govern-
ment wage determin-
ation. Wage Board
hearings, it says, are too
infrequent and even
after a hearing it takes
many months for the
board’s findings to be-
come effective.

“We have written to
the current Minister of
Manpower urging him
to dissociate his depart-
ment from discrimina-
tory conditions and pov-
erty wages. We ‘have
suggested to him that
the Government cannot
afford to be a party to
exploitation.

69



cso:

3400/870

South Africa is successful
this would negate the
possibility of — Sullivan
Code having any more
impact. .

“By its very nature dis-
investment would mean
the withdrawal of over-
seas companies from this
country.

“And with this would
disappear the good influ-
ence of this code through
these companies.”

In other words the Sul-
livan Code in Labour re-
lations coincided with the
policy of the present
American Administration
of constructive engage-
ment, he said,

Inappropriate

NGK theologian. Prof
Johan Heyns, said the dis-
investment policy was a
completely inappropriate
way of fighting racism

“Apart from the fact
that a policy of disinvest-
ment could even strength-
en the ideology and prac-
tice of racism by widening
the gap between Whites
and Blacks, a very inter-
esting question arises.”
he said.

“This is whether or not
the policy of disinvest-
ment is not in itself a
subtle form of racism —
an economic racism

By this he said he
meant the practical incli-
nation to overstate the va-
lues and privileges of
one’s own economic pos-
ition at the expense of the
dignity of people of other
and lesser economic pos-
itions and of fellowship
with them

Prof Heyns said that
the role and stand of the
word church on the
whole issue. against the
background of free Chris-
tianity. should clearly be
ony of “eriival solidarity”
ai! not backing of disin
vestment

78


172070
JPRS-SSA-85-032

18 April 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

men many

- 49980224 19

so ted | bo

Dist bution ne

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE

US, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
"SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161

App



SWEDISH COOPS OFFER AGRICULTURAL AID, ADVICE

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 2 Mar 85 p 1

[Text]

THE SWEDISH co-operative movement has promised
Zambia an emergency ald package of three million grain
bags and enough supplies of tyres and tubes for trans-
porters to speed up this year’s crop haulage exercise.

Chairman of the Rural Development Committee, Mr
Reuben Kamanga was given this assurance in Lusaka
yesterday by Mr Bengt Kjeller, lesder of an eight-man
delegation from the Swedish Farmers’ Supply and Crop
Marketing Assoclation.

Mr Kjeller sald the uxgent ald request had already
been conveyed to Swedish authorities and consignments
of the items would start arriving before the coming mar-

keting scason.

The Swedish delegation dis-
covered during its tour which
began on February 16, and
ends today, that the critical
shortage of tyres and tubes
posed a big threat to the antici-
pated bumper maize harvest.

Zambia expects to reap
approximinately eight million
bags of maize this year, and
transporters have expressed
fears that they may not mana-
ge to ferry all crops to safe
storage depots before the on-
set of rains if the shortage of
tyres and tubes persists.

The Swedish assistance will
be a stop-gap measure to alle-
viate the critical shortage of
tyres and tubes which has
been compounded by the tem-
porary closure of Dunlop
Zambia) Limited.

Mr Kjeller said it was also
found necessary to buy more
grain bags from a country
he declined to name, although
Namboard had made arrange-
ments for the purchase of 10
million bags, to ensure there
was an adequate supply.

The chief beneficiary of the
aid will be the Central Provin-

104

ce Co-operative Marketing
Union (CPCMU) which the de-
legation lauded for doing a
commendable job in spite of
the weak membership.

He criticised the recent go-
yernment decision to withdraw
marketing functions from co-
operative unions, arguing that
it was cheaper to use the
unions than to appoint Nam-
board: as the sole marketing
agency, because the parastatal
needed more money to perfo-
rm the same job.

Mr Kjeller who at one time
worked in Zambia, said the
co-operative movement in
Zambia had grown over the
years and managed to penetra-
te many tural arcas in the
country.

But limited financial resour-
ces which made it difficult
for roads to be graded, was
one of the constraints that had
affected speedy haulage of
crops from rural areas.

Mr Kamanga appealed to
the Swedish to help train Za-
bian co-operators and provide
other forms of assistance

JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

ZAMBIA


President Masire Comments on Rural Administration
(DAILY NEWS, 25 Feb 85)..

Textile Export Industries Crippled by Market Crisis
(DAILY NEWS, 6 Mar 85)..

Masire Declares Fourth Year of Drought
(DAILY NEWS, 12 Mar 85).......

National Locomotive Drivers Operate Southern Route
(DAILY NEWS, 22 Feb 85)..

se cccceeccerecceceseseecsseessees 23

MP Monwela Comments on Urban Migration, Other Issues
(Chairmaine Muir; DAILY NEWS, 25 Feb 85)..

Briefs
Radios for Local Police 27

ETHIOPIA

GHANA

FRG TV on Ethiopian Irritation Over Bloc Attitude
(ZDF Television Network, 26 Mar 85)...csscecceccececcerecees 28

Bulgaria To Reopen Gold Mines
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 2 Mar 85)...seeceeceeececeeevceesees 30

Technical, Economic Agreement Signed With Italy
(Accra Domestic Service, 27 Mar 85)scccerecececcesecscsveeeee SL

Mineral Industry's Dependence on Foreign Capital Discussed
(TALKING DRUMS, No 23, Ll Mar 85).ceceecccceeccccvccsccveeees 32

Nkrumah Says Africa Not Free While Apartheid Exists
(Kofi Dapaah; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 6 Mar BD) oceccceceeeeee 3D

Libya's Support for RSA Freedom Fighters Praised
(Editorial; GHANAIAN TIMES, 4 Mar 85)..ceseseceercceseeeeenes 38

Unions Urged. To Politically Educate Workers
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 7 Mar 85)...csecsceceerceccceecceeee 40

Frimpong Visits Military Establishments, Stresses Duties
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 13 Mar 85)...eeeseceesesccseseeceeee 41

Briefs
Brazilian Ambassador Pledges Aid 43
Yugoslavia Aids Cocoa Industry 43
Joint GDR Agricultural Venture 43
Foreign Currency Travel Permitted 44

-b-


CSO:

3400/844

which will prop up the co-ope-
rative movement in Zambia.

He said Zambia was aware
of the vast experience Sweden
had in the co-operative
movement and wished - to
Jearn’ from her so as to
strengthen local co-operatives,
which would play a key role
in uplifting the standard of liv-
ing of rural dwellers.

The Party and its govern-
ment could not provide all that
the people necded, hence the
importance attached to the
promotion of _ self-reliance,
particularly co-operatives.

Ne said criticisms of the pre-
sent set-up of co-operatives
was welcome as 't would en-
able the Party and its govern-
ment to make the necessary
adjustments for the better.

It was also the wish of the
government to give co-opera-
tives a fair deal so that a majo-
rity of the people could bencfit
from their services.

Among the areas visited
by the Swedish delegation
were Lusaka, Central and Sou-
thern Provinces which are
some of the major crop produ-
cers.

The study tour of Zambia
and Tanzania was jointly orga-
nised by the Swedish Co-ope-
tative Centre, the Co-opera-
tive Union of Tanzania and the
Zambia Co-operative Federa-
tion,

105



Noting that the Ministry of Mineral Resources and Water Affairs had been
given the second largest share in the budget, Mr Ruele requested that it
should plan ahead and identify suitable sites for borehole drilling. He said
this would prevent problems similar to those suffered by the Mochudi residents
in October last year.

The Department of Information and Broadcasting was criticised by the MP for
Gaborone North, Mr Maitshwarelo Dabutha who said it was high time the depart-
ment respected the wishes of its listeners. He said that their bulletins
fluctuate in such a way that people were never sure when to listen to the
news,

Mr Dabutha complained about the 50 per cent of the P10 million given to the
BDF because Botswana was "faced with many threats."

Mr Dabutha questioned why all the funds were allocated to the Ministry of
Works and Communications while it was necessary to strengthen our military
force.

He reminded the House that people in Gaborone North had already been attacked
and thus were worried about their security.

The MP also complained that the police station in Gaborone North was just a
branch of the Central Police station and requested that it be upgraded.

Mr Dabutha said the Gaborone North Police station covered a wide area extend-
ing into the Kgatleng District and therefore had to be efficient.

CSO: 3400/865

26


DISCRIMINATION SPARKS MAJOR MINING MANPOWER CRISIS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 22 Mar 85 p 6

[Text]

THE South African min-
ing industry is in the
middle of a major man-
power crisis, which is the
result of racial discrimi-
nation.

This is the analysis of
the country’s experi-
enced mine personnel
and black trade union-
ists who feel that South
Africa’s most enduring
labour anachronism —
job reservation —
should be scrapped.

They feel that the
elimination of the phe-
nomenon will result in
blacks — the majority of
whom are discriminated
against in the mines —
getting more meaningful
jobs and thus cutting
down on manpower
shortage.

The stage has been set

for a real life drama in
the mining industry this
year, and the cast in-
cludes the country’s
largest and fast-testing
black trade union, the
“most hard-line white
union, the Chamber of
Mines and the National-
ist government.

The 110 000-strong
National Union of
Mineworkers served no-
tice on January 16 this
year that it was prepar-
ing to put the colour-bar
issue on the bargaining
table during April and if

85

necessary take industrial
action.

The primary thrust of
its campaign would be
aimed at the Chamber
of Mines, whom it has
accused of dragging its
feet and not being se-
rious about its stated in-
tention of climinating
mining apartheid.

NUM's general secre-
tary Mr Cyril Rama-
phosa said that his union
was not invited in talks
between the chamber
and the unions in an at-
tempt to get rid of apart-"
heid in the mines.

This, he added, was
despite the fact that
blacks comprised the ma-
jority and most ex-
ploited group in the
mines. The shortage of
manpower in the mines
has caused concern in
South Africa resulting in
mine bosses recruiting
striking British mine-
workers.

The recruitment of
British miners has been
condemned by most
black trade unions, in-
cluding the Black Allied
Mining and Construc-
tion Workers Union, on
grounds that blacks
were not utilised to get
better positions and
hence better pay in the
mines, and yet foreign-
ers were paid more.

JPRS~SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



WORKERS FIRED AFTER STAGING SOLIDARITY STRIKE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 Mar 85 p 2

[Text]

cso:

3400/870

A TOTAL 450 work-
ers have been’ fired
from the Blackheath
Plant of Continental
China in the Cape for
going on a solidarity
strike with their col-
Icagues who were dis-
missed about six
months ago.

The dismissals bring
to 1 100 the people cis-
missed by the company
within the last six
months. About 650 were
fired from: the Rosslyn
plant near Pretoria late
last year after they had
gone on strike over de-
mands for better pay.

Mr Bill Paverd, the
company's managing di-
rector, yesterday told
The SOWETAN that
management would not
re-employ the 450 work-
ers without a declaration

80

froin the South African
Allied Workers’ Union
(Saawu) that once em-
ployed. the people will
perform their duties.
And Saawu, he added,
has refused to enter ne-
gotiations before all the
dismissed workers are
reinstated.

The Blackheath em-
ployces’ strike follows
management’s refusal to
meet the demands for a
minimum wage of R2
per hour and the imme-
diate reinstatement of
the Rosslyn workers. A.

week.

None of the Saawu
officials could be
reached for comment.
The company was to
hold a further meeting
late yesterday.

JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


the part of Angola’s adver-
saies at the time and said
that many armoured cars and
several fighter bombers as
well as long range artillery
batteries, were destroyed by
the Angolan Air Force.
Colonel Pedalé recalled in
his speech what he labelled
the enormous difficulties that
had to be overcome in order
to create the Angolan Air
Force when a combination of
enemies faced the Angolan
Armed Forces, with UNITA
groups controlling a large
part of the country at the
time with the intention of
preventing the establishment
of what was today known as
the Peoples Republic of
Angola. He said that with the
founding of the Air Force
nine years ago, there was an

acute shortage of qualified .

personnel and of the war
material needed to face up to
the situation which he claim-
ed as imposed on his country.
Jt had proved a difficult and
complex task to build the Air
Force, but said the Colonel,
the very dialectics of a war
fought by a fierce enemy with
highly sophisticated and
technological needs, deter-
mined the rapid development
of the Afr Force.

He said that the priority
task was to continue to
develop and to improve the
Air Force which today
possessed supersonic fighter
aircraft and highly
sophisticated helicopters with
tremendous manoeuvrability,
greater fire power and a high
degree of automation, as well
as very accurate missiles, for
no revolutionary power could
be maintained without effi-

CSO: 3400/847

cient defence, he said.

In his speech he made the
observation that the climate
of tension had not decreased
and he said there was still a
danger of aggression. As a
result there was a need to
continue to pay special atten-
tion to the technical develop-
ment ofthe Angolan Armed
Forces, but particularly the
Air Force, since there were no
military operations nowadays
without the use of efficient
air facilities.

He said that greater atten-

tion should also be: paid to-

the political education of the

Angolan pilots, to the train- *

ing of personnel and to
organisation and discipline.

He critisiced the negligence -

of some Angolan technicians
in the use and maintenance of
equipment, saying that this
had already caused loss of life
and of foreign exchange used
to purchase the military
equipment . destroyed. He
recalled that the arms and
equipment placed in the
hands of soldiers, non-
commissioned officers and
officers of the Armed Forces,
were the property of the peo-
ple and deserved to be pro-
perly used.

Colonel Pedalé made
reference to what he called
the valuable contribution by
the Soviet Union both in
training personnel and sup-
plying military equipment
and by the Cuban troops
strengthening FAPLA’s
defence capacity. At the close
of his speech he praised the
fighting courage of the
Angolan soldier throughout a
decade of independence and
war. Many counter revolu-
tionaries had given

themselves up to the Angolan
authorities for they had
started to understand the
uselessness of staying in the
bush, fighting for a Jost
cause.

He made the remark that
the development of the Army
and Air Force had been due
to external aggression.
Angola, he added, was in-
terested in the establishinent
of peace in the region since It
had no ambitions in respect
of ifs neighbours,

The Commander of the Air
Force, Colonel Carreira, also
made an address in which he
said that the Armed Forces
did not represent a threat to
anyone. The Air Force was
geared to defending Angola
and presently his force had
the equipment and means to
face up to the kind of aggres-
sion imposed on Angola by
its enemies. He warned that
Angola’s adversaries would
adopt other forms of aggres-
sion as they had realised that
they could not defeat Angola
militarily. He thanked the
Cuban troops and the Soviet
Union for what he called
their valued help in building a
national Air Force technically
capable of giving the required
riposte to the internal and ex-
ternal enemies of the
Angolan revolution.

Colonel Carreira said that
in view of the present climate
of insecurity and the perma-
nent danger of invasion it was
necessary to continue to ex-
pand and to improve the Air
Force of the Angolan Armed
Forces at all levels until such
time as the entire Angolan
territory was wholly defend-


JPRS-SSA~B5~032
18 April 1985

KENYA

BRIEFS

STUDENTS PROTEST COURT HEARING--Two lawyers representing five of the 14 stu-
dents appearing in court in the wake of disturbances at Nairobi university
last month (see 1.0.N. No 169 and 171) withdrew from the case on March 5, in
protest at what they termed the court's misconduct. Moses VETANGULA and W.M.
KOKONYA both complained they had not been consulted when it was decided to
bring the hearing forward three weeks from its original scheduled date of
March 27, and had insufficient time to prepare their case. The following day
all 14 students refused to take any part in their trial, as a gesture of pro-
test against the decision of the presiding magistrate, H.H. BUCH, not to re-
lease them on bail but to remand them in custody in a top-security jail. All
the students deny the charges against them. Last week one of the principal
defendants, former student leader Mwandawiro MGHANGA, who was appearing with
four others, claimed he had been tortured in detention by policemen who had
threatened to kill him. The hard-line attitude of the legal authorities is
seen as clear evidence that the government wants to make an example of the
students, even though the charges which it has managed to lay against them are
very minor ones. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English No 172,
9 Mar 85 p 4]

CSO: 3400/843

50


: when its declining sales made it unattractive
for categorics of advertising in which it had
previously excelled.

Be that as it may, the death of the two news-
papers is a great tragedy, not just for the
industry in which they played a distinguished
part, but for all South Africans who value
having newspapers of such diverse outlook
that the debate on South Africa’s future is
enhanced.

The public should have as wide a range as
possible of newspapers from which to
choose, and there should be room for news-
papers of courage which can voice unpopular
viewpoints.

Consequently, the Press of South Africa is se-
siously diminished by the death of the Mail
and Express, and all true journalists will
mourn their passing.

CSO: 3400/849

92


JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

GROUP'S STAND ON RIOT COVERAGE REPORTED
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 25 Mar 85 p 21

[Text] MINET, one of the country's leading insurance broking and risk manage-
ment groups, has taken a bold stand against the so-called insurance “market
accord" and criticised amendments to political riot cover legislation, saying
that both developments. are not serving the public interest.

Its latest issue of Risk, which is circulated among more than a third of the
country's Top 100 companies as well as a host of smaller business undertak-
ings, is almost entirely dedicated to these two controversial issues.

The public stand taken by Minet, which is a member of SAIBA, is the boldest
taken by any insurance broking group so far.

The Minet viewpoint is taken in an editorial titled "The Great Insurance Row"
by group.chief executive Barry Jenkins, followed by articles explaining vari-
ous attitudes to the issues involved.

Summing up the pro's and con's of a marketing accord, Jenkins says:

"I£ the accord is workable over time--and there must be some doubts that it
will be--then it could seriously impair the cost effectiveness of the insur-
ance programmes of many enterprises."

Mr Jenkins says this impairment may be necessary from the point of view of the
financial viability of the insurers, "but there is little to suggest that the
cost structures of the various companies involved in the accord are all simi-
lar, or that their underwriting experience in the industrial sector has been
equally poor. The figures do, in fact, suggest otherwise."

The essence of the accord, as listed by Risk, is as follows:

-~Participants may increase ‘industrial and commercial fire rates' by up
to 25 percent.

--Fellow participants may not compete unless the holding insurer's in-
crease exceeds 25 percent.

~--Even then, fellow participants may not offer less than the existing
rate plus 25 percent.

71



JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

MINERAL INDUSTRY'S DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN CAPITAL DISCUSSED

London TALKING DRUMS in English Vol 2, No 23, 11 Mar 85 pp 10-11

[Text]

Many developing countries can aptly
be tagged as the ‘supply vessels of the
developed countries’ diet of minerals
and metals. Mineral production
appears to be the only way towards
economic development and consequen-
tly most of these developing countries
have their economies wholly dependent
on the sale of minerals and metals.

Besides, mining as the central
occupation in the mineral industry, is
capital intensive, requiring huge finan-
cial outlays and specialised skills of
technology and management, so that
developing countries who have natural
resources of minerals to harness or
exploit usually resort to joint partner-
ship with foreign companies or to
borrowing on the international money
market in order to establish their
mining companies. Thus the mineral
industry has developed a major charac-
teristic of total dependence on foreign
capital, technology and expertise.

Ghana, as a developing country, is
no exception to this trend for her
present and future of the mineral in-
dustry is tied up with foreign capital
and expertise.

DIAMONDS

Diamonds have been mined in the
Birim river valley in the Eastern part of
Ghana for nearly sixty to eighty years.
The past two years have seen the dwin-
dling of the fortunes of this once giant
company which has opened up the
hinterland of West Akyem Abuakwa
for nearly a century. Now the diamond
pits are exhausted, finished and the
stones are bare with no shine or lustre.
Output has fallen progressively over

the years as reserves got depleted.

In_ 1981, the company produced
836,583 carats and in 1982, it was
down to 682,354 carats. Excess plant
capacity has accepted redeployment on
farming, building projects, etc, in
order to create local revenue and
reduce losses. Meanwhile, the message
is loud and clear that unless a major
exploration programme is undertaken
to find new richer reserves, the Ghana
Consolidated Diamonds will have to
fold up.

But where is the money? If finally
some company in a foreign country
with plenty of money to invest — yes,
invest, that’s the word — it signifies a
new round of partnership with exploi-
tation and everyone hugs and smiles
and hope for a better tomorrow. Thus
it is with cheer that the nation
welcomes a consortium of diamond
merchants led by INADCO A.G. of
Switzerland with £3.3 million to “help
us” dig for diamonds. And since they
are diamond dealers first and
foremost, they. get a ready supply of
the finest stones.

From that they pay GCD and then
GCD pays them for the loan they have
taken from them and the partnership
survives .. . but that is not all. GCD
have accepted other loans, well lines of
credit to be precise, from two Indian
companies, Tata Exports Ltd and
BEM Ltd for $3.3 million for supply
of machinery and equipment. One
more line of credit and GCD will be
okay for the time being, this time from
Aveling Bradford of the UK for £1
million, Meanwhile, the UNDP has
spent £2 million to explore in the Birim
Valley for more diamonds.

32

GHANA


JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

venture which is still under negotiation would entail maize production

which would be followed later by cattle breeding for meat and milk production.
This was disclosed by the Ambassador of the GDR in Ghana, Mr Franz Everhartz,
when he briefed newsmen after discussions held behind closed doors with Mr
Justice D. F. Annan, PNDC member, in the latter's office yesterday. The
Ambassador hinted that the GDR is also negotiating to rehabilitate the roads
in Kumasi. He further revealed that the Embassy would offer scholarships to
57 Ghanaians to undergo various training programmes, including sports and
journalism in the GDR every year under a cultural agreement. Talking about
the discussions, Mr Everhartz said that they discussed ways of strengthening
bilateral relations between the two countries. The discussions also touched
on a new cultural and consular agreement and mutual judicial matters, the
Ambassador added. Mr Everhartz, who also said that the GDR finds in Ghana
real alignment for maintaining peace, condemned armament and was of the opin-
ion that until the arms race is stopped, the whole world would be living under
dangerous situations. He hoped that the GDR would be able to complete its
projects so as to take on bigger ones. [Rosemary Ardayfio] [Text] [Accra
PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 9 Mar 85 p 8]

FOREIGN CURRENCY TRAVEL PERMITTED--Travelers leaving or entering Ghana can now
carry on them 60 pounds sterling or 30,000 CFA francs. However, such monies
should be declared at the entry or departure points. This was announced by
the principal inspector of the Customs and Excise Department in charge of the
Aflao Division, Mr $.K. (Mam), when he addressed customs officers at Aflao as
part of the activities marking the customs week. [passage omitted] [Excerpt]
[AB282228 Accra Domestic Service in English 2000 GMT 28 Mar 85]

CSO: 3400/879

4h


JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

ZIMBABWE

FIFTY TOP ZAPU MEN VANISH

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 10 Mar 85 p 15

{Commentary ]

[Text]

cso:

BULAWAYO -- More than 50 key members of Mr
Joshua Nkomo’s ZAPU party have disappeared in
a series of sinister night abductions which the
party claims is part of a campaign by the ruling
ZANU party to suppress political opposition.
Church and international aid groups with acti-
vities Matabeleland confirm that scores, some
say hundreds, of community leaders with links to
ZAPU have been abducted in the last two months,
Local ZAPU officials, teachers and health
workers have all been taken from rural areas by
men driving unmarked four-wheel drive vehicles
with no licence plates, according to sources,
The abducted people
have not been heard
from since, and police
and army officials say
they have no knowledge
of them. Most families
presume their missing
relatives have been
killed.
The abduction re-
ports come after the
curfew on Bulawayo’s

3400/847

township areas last

weekend and the an-

nouncement that the

bodies of the six foreign

tourists had been found renewed attention on
the area.

The authorities claim that both the heirarchy
of ZAPU and the party’s supporters in the kidnap
area helped in the crime.

Gilbert Ngwenya, alias Eskimo Wasi, leader of
the dissidents who kidnapped the tourists, told re-
porters yesterday that Mr Nkomo knew in ad-
vance about the kidnapping of the six and was
informed about their murder. “I belong to ZAPU
and to Nkomo,” he said.

Ngwenya is awaiting the hangman's noose for
his part in the abduction and stood chained to two
prison warders as he addressed reporters at a
meeting which was attended by senior Ministers
and officials,

He said that during his operations with his
rebel gang in Matabeleland, he had sent mes-
sages to Mr Nkomo telling him what he was
doing.

Mr Nkomo has vigorously denied the claims.



JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

KENYA

ATTRACTIVE FINANCING SECURES AIRBUS TENDER

Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW "Industrial Review" supplement In English 8 Mar 85 p 3

[Excerpts]

cso:

THE Kenya government has decided to
re-equip Kenya Airways with Airbus
instead of Boeing wide-bodied aireraft.
According to reliable sources, the decision
was made in December and the govern-
ment has since been trying to finalise a
deal which involves an investment of over
$133 million in two Airbus type A 310-300
aircraft, ories and training
st aircraft is due for
delivery ometime in April 1986 and the
second in November 1986, though it is
understood that the government is pres:
ing Airbus Industrié, the manufacturers,
to deliver both aircraft in April 1986.

The government’s choice of the Airbus
ends nearly three years of speculation
about the kind of aircraft that Kenya
Airways would buy to replace its aging
fleet of Boeing 707s. Starting next year,
noise regulations in most European coun-
tries to which Kenya Airways flies will har
aircraft of the Boeing 707 type because of
their excessive noise. Because of the age of
the Kenya fleet, as well as the need to
take advantage of the more economical
technologies of wide-bodied aircraft, it
was not considered practical to refit
Kenya Airways’ Boeings with quieter
engines in order to meet the noise pollu-

,tion standards of western European

airports,

Reliable sources say the decision to buy
the Airbus was based on several complex
considerations, but in the end what may
have swung the deal in favour of Airbus

vas the financial package they were offer-
Total investment in the two Airbus
aircraft came to 15.000 as compared
with Bocing’s $144.458.300. for two B
767-200s, Both Airbus and Bocing
stipulated that Kenya Airways put down

ing

3400/843

49

a refundable advance deposit of $200,000,
but whereas Airbus wanted a pre-delivery
advance deposit of 16 of the purchase
price, Boeing asked for 30%

Airbus offered a financing arrangement
that covered 95° of the total investment,
10‘ in the form of financial market loans
and the remaining 85% in the form of
export credit. The Kenya government is’
expected to come up with 5° of the
investment in the form of a down
payment. Boeing offered a package
amounting to 93% of total investment,
with the money coming from a number of
financial institutions, including the US
Export-Import Bank, the Japanese
Export-Import Bank and commercial
banks. The down payment to be made by

-the Kenya government was 7%. But

whereas the overall interest rates payable
on the Airbus package is 11.63°7, with
financial market loans running for 5 years
and export credit loans for 10 years, the
Boeing overall interest rate was lower at
10.81%, with commercial bank loans’
running over 5 years and taking up 13.5%
of the loans for the deal, and export-i
port bank Joans running for 10 years.

m-

In order to service the loans to purchase
the new aircraft, Kenya Airways will of
course have to be substantially restruc-
tured. The national airline has been
losing money since it began operating in
1977. It has accumulated an overdraft of
over shs.}65 million with the Kenya Com-
mercial Bank and has blocked funds in a
number of countries such as Zambia and
Sudan to which it has no access.
According to reliable sources, the restruc-
turing of Kenya Airways will be under-
taken as a parallel exercise with the re-
equipment of the airline with the new
Airbus aircraft. iT



PARASTAVALS RECELVE GOVERNMENT ATTENTION

JPRS-SSA-85-032

18 April 1985

Major Problems of Parastatals

Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW in Fnglish 8 Mar 85 pp 8-9

[Text]

THE Working Party on Government
Expenditure, which submitted recom-
mendations to the president in 1982,
pointed out that although direct govern-
ment participation in industrial and com-
mercial activities was initially advocated
as a way of facilitating development,
promoting regional balance and
attracting private investors, such govern-
ment participation turned out to be too
heavy a burden on the treasury to accom-
plish these goals.

Government participation in commer-
cial enterprises was also expected to help
Africanize the economy because many
Africans lacked private capital and
entreprencurial skills to start businesses
on their own. But in fact this governmen-
‘trategy has impeded, not aided,
anization. The Working Party on
Government Expenditure blames this
situation on a number of factors. Whereas
governmental participation in commer-
cial and industrial sectors should have
speeded up the localisation of these
sectors by providing “a transitional form
of ownership”, this never happened
because this transition never ended. The
government did not transfer its holdings
in these activities to private citizens.
Thus the state, rather than the private
Kenya citizen, became a good capitalist.

Parastatals have had other problems ~
inefficient operations due to poor
management, misappropriation of funds,
and other forms of vorruption. According
to the Working Party, these problems
stem from these institutions being given
too big a public function and having too
many employees. Further, some measures
taken to protect parastatals have helped
make them monopolistic and the resul-

45

tant lack of competition has kept such
monopolies from improving their services
and products.

‘Another reason for the poor perfor-
mance of the parastatals is that private
investors diverted public funds to projects
and technologies that were inappropriate
for the country. "The result has been that
revenues from the sale of shares have not
materialised, dividends from invest ments
have been insignificant, subsidies and
continuing losses have escalated govern-
ment expenditures and true Kenyaniza-
tion has been impeded”, the Working
Party reported.

Investment in parastatals has cost
Kenyans about £900 million. Direct
investinent and loans by the government
were £15.8 million in the 1970/71 fiscal
year. By 1975/76, this had risen to £52.1
million, and by 1978/79, to £76 million.
‘There was a slight reduction in the
1980/81 fiscal year to £67.3 million
because the government had begun
making serious efforts to contain this
expenditure.

When to these figures are added those
of Joans guaranteed by the government —
amounting to £400 million by 1981 -
“then of the cumulative investments,
direct and guaranteed, of about £900
million, possibly as much as £200 million
will ultimately have to be written off or
assumed a direct obligation of the
government”. According to the Working
Party report, the government became an
action agency managing commercial
enterprises “instead of the creator of a
favourable setting in which people {could}
develop themselves. Management talent
has been spread so thinly over the many
responsibilities which were assumed by

KENYA


Fabricated

The tape-recording, which involved details of an off-the-record conversation
between Dr Boesak and a Star reporter, Chris Steyn, allegedly refuted a claim
by counsel for the security police, that evidence relating to a conversation
with two security police colonels, had been fabricated by Miss Steyn.

Mr Sam Maritz, appearing for the security police, stated during his cross-
examination of Miss Steyn it was incongruous that the colonels said they would
deny everything and then try to call in the head of their branch to confirm
their involvement. This was because such evidence would deliver them entirely
into the hands of newspaper and the public.

Miss Steyn replied that it might be inexplicable, but it was the truth. She
also said she had jokingly asked if she could see the video of the taped
encounter between Dr Boesak and Miss Scott.

Serious in Reply

Col Scholtz appeared to be serious in his reply that she could watch it, but
said it would be better for her to do so alone. She refused this offer.

She did not think he was that serious, but also did not exclude the possibil-
ity of such a video tape existing.

Summing up his cross-examination of Miss Steyn, Mr Maritz stated the two
colonels were adamant that all allegations published in The Star's report on
January 25 were totally untrue.

Proceeding.

CSO: 3400/861

74


cso:

million: from) R7,53-mil-
lion, or about 24 percent.
Thus the — industrial
companies operated at
lower levels than a year
ago, and though the con-
struction group per
formed satisfactorily, new
business is fiercely com-
petitive and scarce into
the bargain. ‘

Internationally, how-
ever, conditions were bet-
ter, and showed an im-
provement: in this con-
nection, M & R policy is
to cover all forex risks
forward, and was fol-
lowed during the half-
year.

Some indication of the
stresses and strains under
which the group was op-
erating is given by the
board’s references to a
fall-off in the receipts of
advance payments on
contracts and delays in
the finalisation of claims
on several major con-
tracts.

These factors, together
with tax payments to In-
land Revenue and cor
erable takeover activity,
pushed M & R’s borrow-
ings up by a whopping
R101-million, bringing
them to a gross R175-mil-
lion or so, at a timé when
local interest rates are
crippling many other or-
ganisations.

One result is that the
group's reserve borrow-
ing capacity at end-De-
cember had shrunk to
R139-million from R213-
million at end-June, 1984,

3400/870

84

ile secured but unused
facilities exceeded R87-
million,

Nevertheless, group ac-
quisitions in the period
came to virtually R50-mil-
lion and included 100 per-
cent of Carborundum
Universal South Africa,
renamed Cumar, together
with the 29 percent not
already owned of Broseat
Holdings, now retitled M
& R Light Industries.

Additionally, M & R
increased its stake in an
unnamed overseas com-
pany, took over Swift En-
ginccring Works, which
makes trailer axles, and
bought 100 percent of
Machine Timbers of Dur-
ban.

On the basis of the
forecast fall in attributa-
ble earnings, M & R
could produce something
in the region of 160c to
170c for the year as a
whole, enough to cover a
repeated 77¢ a share total
somewhat over twice, and
thus a far cry from the
three times plus to which
sharcholders have be-
come accustomed over
the last seven years.

Bearing in mind the
medium term prospects
for the construction in-
dustry and consumer
spending, and the sharp
increase in group  in-
debtedness, the share at
its current level lacks ap-
peal to any but the long-
term investor.



Africa all the same. In the second place, the apartheid system pins the over-
whelming majority of South Africans to a social condition of low economic
needs, thereby creating a vast state of cheap labour for super-profits for
imperialist investments there.

Anyone who tries to assist in real terms the early decolonization of South
Africa, as Qadhafi has pledged to do, is therefore certainly a special concern
for imperialist forces. The 'Ghanaian Times' has taken these issues before
and argued that what the imperialist forces try to do against Qadhafi and
Libya should be seen as a vital index of the character of the general counter-
revolutionary subversion of the African emancipation struggle.

The people of Libya on Saturday celebrated the 8th anniversary of the 'Declar-
ation of the Authority of the People'--the commemoration of the occasion on
March 2, 1977 in the city of Sebha when the Libyans decided that the cause of
participatory democracy is irrevocably entrenched in the revolution, the cause
of grassroots involvement in decision-making (Jamahiriya). In the eight years
since the popular base of the Al-Fateh revolution was thus firmly proclaimed,
the Libyans have steadily proved that the process seeks to improve the
people's productive efficiency, make them masters of their destiny, free men
in their own country, and supporters of the principles of human rights. They
do not seek to make enemies but are ready to defend their rights against
enemies. And most of all, they recognize that their own security is better
ensured by the security of Africa.

csO: 3400/840

39



JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

ZIMBABWE

GROWING CORRUPTION SCANDALS WITHIN GOVERNMENT, CAUSES REPORTED
Gweru MOTO in English No 32, Mar 85 pp 9-10

[Text]

THE scandalous Paweni affair highlighted a
phenomenon which is ail too evident in the
majority of ministries: the disloyalty of
many civil servants to Government and their
blatant misuse of their bureaucratic powers
for personal and tribal gain at the expense of
the nation as a whole.

This sorry state of affairs can bring
nothing but disaster to Zimbabwe as
Government expenditure is illegally chan-
nelled into the pockets of a few. Meanwhil
national projects will collapse from a combi-
nation of deliberate neglect and ineptitude,
for it goes without saying that corruption
can only flourish where inefficiency is delibe-
rately courted and built up over a period of
time, +

Inefficiency and incompetence are essen-
tial if corruption is to flourish, and what is
evident is that corrupt Government officials
in key positions make it their business to
nurture and promote inefficient and in-
competent junior and middle level officers.

These junior and middle level appointees
will owe their promotions not to their ability
or hard work, but to a tribal network of per-
sonal alliances. And, in position, these ap-
pointees owe no loyalty to Government, but
only to their tribal alliance.

Inefficiency is the ideal cover for corrup-
tion. In recent years there has been a definite
trend to promote incompetent black Zim-
babweans at the expense of competent black
Zimbabweans. The net result is that many
competent Zimbabweans have chosen to
leave the public service for the private sector
in disgust, because they perceive that
nepotism is far more important than ability,
training, experience and efficiency. Thus the
braindrain from the public service ig not due
to higher pay and ‘‘better pastures’? in
private enterprise, but is in large measure an
expression of despair at the degree of cor-

109

ruption, nepotism and incompetence allow-
ed and even favoured in some circles of the
public service. Given free reign, corruption
and nepotism will be a deadly cancer capable
of destroying Zimbabwe.

When the ZANU-PF Government came
into power at Independence in April 1980, it
did not bring with it a cadre of experienced
and tested administrators who could be plac-
ed into key positions in the public service.
Instead it recruited a new breed of civil ser-
vants either from Zimbabweans who had
been studying and living abroad, or from the
ranks of the colonial civil service where
Africans had been allowed only into rela-
tively junior positions. Both these groups
had played no part in the prolonged libera-
tion struggle of the previous two decades.

Under the policy of reconciliation these
largely apolitical elements were promoted to
the top as well as to middle level and junior
level public service posts. While they were
not necessarily hostile to the aims and objec-
tives of the new Government, the new group
was likely to interpret Government policy as
primarily to replace whites by blacks within
the same system.

Civil service jobs also became the imme-
diate and often the only sign of African
privilege as private enterprise remained
largely in the hands of multinationals or of
white settler industrialists, with Africans
only allowed into the top echelons in limited
numbers and in public relations and training
positions rather than in controlling positions
over finance, policy and the production pro-

cesses. ce .
Since the civil service was to offer the main

and often only opportunity ‘for upward
mobility and promotion for Africans, it was
not surprising that there was a deluge of
applicants at all levels for civil service posts.
The position has now been arrived at where



JPRS-SSA~85-032
18 April 1985

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

SETTLERS AIDED--RESETTLED farmers in the Mupfurudzi resettlement scheme are
building better houses for themselves under the Government rural housing
scheme. Twenty-six three-roomed houses have already been completed and
another 98 are still being built. The Government has provided pbuilding and
roofing material under a loan repayable over 30 years. It is also supplying
wheelbarrows and shovels which are part of the loan. [Text] [Harare THE
HERALD in English 18 Mar 85 p 5]

TRACTORS FOR DANDE--THE Lutheran World Federation has introduced tillage units
in the Dande Valley in Guruve to help the nomadic Doma people and other peas-
ants, without cattle to till their land. The peasants will get tractors to

plough their lands free of charge. The villages will only provide fuel under
the scheme. The LWF is opening offices at Shinje business centre in Guruve to
monitor the project which is expected to boost agricultural production in the
Dunde region. Many peasants in the valley do not have cattle because the area
is infested with tsetse-fly. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 18 Mar 85 p

DISPLACED GET FOOD--THE Ministry of Health has introduced a supplementary
feeding scheme for children in the Mazowe Bridge and Nyamatikiti camps for
displaced Mozambicans in Rushinga district. A Ministry of Health supervisor
Gde Lesita Sajent, said the supplementary feeding scheme was introduced to
substitute mahewn and milk which the children were receiving at play-centres.
Children between the ages of one and two years were now receiving porridge
each day. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 18 Mar 85 p 5]

WORKERS TO LAUNCH JOURNAL--THE Associated Mineworkers of Zimbabwe has received
an offset printing machine from the West German Miners' and Energy Workers’
Union which it will use, among other things, to launch a journal, the Miners'
Voice. The president, Cde Jeffrey Mutandare, said the machine, which arrived
last month, was able to print several thousand copies a minute. It would ease
correspondence and communication with the union's 75 branches. It would print
educational material on workers' rights, health and safety and help in the
political orientation of members. Cde Mutandare thanked the West German union
for the gift, a result of a trip he had made to that country in 1983 where he
had explained the need for his organisation to have a printing machine to
improve communication. Cde Mutandare said he believed his union was the only
one in possession of this type of machine and it would save the organisation
thousands of dollars in fees to commercial printing and duplicating companies.
The Miners' Voice was expected to have its first publication at the end of
this month. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 19 Mar 85 p 3]

118


JPRS-SSA- 85-032

18 April 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CoNTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Problems Facing Africa Described
(Paul-Jean Franceschini; LE MONDE, 7 Mar 85)........--.-2+.. 1

ANGOLA

UNITA Releases Americans, Portuguese Hostages

(Janine Stein; THE CITIZEN, 18 Mar 85)........ seneee 4

Government Acquires Rocket-Carrying Helicopters
(WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 2 Mar 85)......

. BOTSWANA

Friendship Ties With Greece Hailed
(Charmaine Muir; DAILY NEWS, 1 Mar 85)........cccceceeeeeeee 9

Candidates Wanted for Soviet Scholarships :
(DAILY NEWS, 7 Mar 85) ....ceeeeeeeeeee cece csc ececceseecesees 10

BDF Warned Against Involvement in Politics
(DAILY NEWS, 4 Mar 85)...cccsececcecccceeececccececeeeesceee AL

| Leader Koma Says Opposition Lacks Information

(Charmaine Muir; THE BOTSWANA GUARDIAN, 15 Mar 85).......... 13

Lack of Funds Forces Closing of KRDA
| (Larona Sedimo; DAILY NEWS, 22 Feb 85).........ceeeeeeeeeeee 15

FRG Plays Major Role in Building Rural Industries Innovation Centers
(DAILY NEWS, 25 Feb 85)..ccececcccceccctecsceecsseesecesveee 16

| Over 1,000 Jobless as Textile Industry Closes
(DAILY NEWS, 25 Feb 85).secccseccceseceessceeeeeceeescennee 2



JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

DETENTION ORDERS RENEWED-~-MBABANE--Five Swazi detainees have had their 60-day
detention orders renewed, relatives confirmed yesterday. Four have already
been charged under Swaziland's Subversive Activities Act and are to appear in
the High Court in mid-April. They are the former Commissioner of Police, Mr
Titus Msibi, the former Deputy-Comissioner of Police, Mr Edgar Hilary, the
former Army Chief of Staff, Colonel Mangomeni Ndzimandze, and a former army
major, Abednigo Dlamini. The four were charged with allegedly holding an il~
legal meeting at Matsapa Police College, where they allegedly plotted to ar-
rest the Prime Minister, Prince Bhekimpi, a Cabinet Minister and two prominent
members of the Supreme Council ‘of State (Liqoqo). The fifth detainee is Dr
Sishayi Nxumalo, the former Finance Minister, who was detained at the same time
as the other four in January, after being held in police custody since Novem-
ber. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 26 Mar 85 p 12]

cso: 3400/870

. 102


JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

JOURNALIST REPORTS ON SITUATION, SPEAKS TO FOREIGN WORKER

Gweru MOTO in English No 32, Mar 85 pp 15-17

[Text]

MARCH 16th, 1984: President Samora
Machel of Mozambique — his government
reeling from the combined effects of
drought, war, famine and bankruptcy —
had just signed an unprecedented peace ac-
cord with South Africa, on the banks of the
Nkomati River that forms the border bet-
ween the two countries, and the Mozam-
bican delegation was heading back to Ma-
puto. I was on that train, having just covered
the strangely incongruous signing ceremony
between the two long-time. enemies, and the
memory of that two-hour-long journey is
still with me. At every little station along the
route, crowds stood on the platform, cheer-
ing and waving placards proclaiming, ‘‘For-
ward with the socialist policy of peace!’”

There was a feeling of relief in the air:
Mozambique had, in the words of ANC
President Oliver Tambo, ‘‘hugged the hated
hyena’’, but in return hoped to win an end to
the relentless war waged by the Mozambique
National Resistance movement. Peace and
prosperity seemed so near.

Nearly a year later, when I returned to
Mozambique to see how the Nkomati
Accord was working out in practice, peace
and prosperity seemed further away than
ever before. That same railway line to the
South African broder has been repeatedly
sabotaged, and cars and buses routinely at-
tacked on the road. The MNR has infiltrated
the southern province of Maputo, previously
unscathed by war, and the capital has been
blacked out seven times over the past three
months by MNR saboteurs. In mid-January,
the MNR shot and killed two British citizens
near the very spot where the much-vainted
agreement was signed.

The MNR has gained a reputation for
committing atrocities, such as the severing of
victims’ ears, noses and breasts, but since the

62

Nkomati Accord, they have developed a
variety of new tactics. When arms and
ammunition stocks run low — in between
periodic re-supplies, in violation of the
agreement — rural residents are butchered
with knives and bayonets. While the vast
majority of the MNR’s victims have been
black Mozambicans, white foreigners, the
aid workers known in Portuguese as ‘‘coope-
rantes’’, have now been singled out as
specific targets. In December, eight East
German and Yugoslavian cooperantes were
ambushed, shot, bayonetted and burned to
death as they travelled to work, via convoy,
at the Unango state farm in the northern

“province of Niassa, and an attack on the

Maputo-Swaziland road took the lives of 11
people, including a Swedish cooperante and
a Portuguese citizen.

“It's not easy — we feel like we’re aban-
doning those people up there, and our
work,’’ sighed Donna McDonald, a Cana-
dian cooperante who left Niassa with her
family after the December killings. ‘‘On the
other hand, there’s nothing to be gained by
staying there and being hurt ourselves. Every
time a cooperante is hurt, aid agencies get
nervous and start withdrawing people.”

There is little doubt in the minds of most
observers, from Western diplomats tu front-
line state leaders, that South Africa is violat-
ing the accord; the question is why?

Some analysts attribute continued support
for the MNR to a split in the Pretoria
government, between the diplomats, who
favour détente, and the military, which felt
that its destabilization policy should not be
abandoned overnight.

“I think that the South Africans decided
that a certain level of MNR activity would be
a useful pressure on the Mozambican
government to open up its links more closely
with South Africa,” said Dr. Robert Davies,


cso:

strictly commercial terms by meeting the
same commercial productivity tests the
private borrower must. Parastatal
borrowing for non-productive purposes
will be strictly limited in the next four
years. In the past, the government has
had to assume directly some of the bad
debts of the parastatals. A large amount
of the country’s, scarce resources’ have
been diverted ‘to governinent use,
thus leaving only a small allocation for
the private sector. ‘This even though the
performance of the public sector in Kenya
has been dismal and, in some cases,
disastrous.

The Working Party on Government
Expenditure said that the near 30% of the
resources in the gross domestic product
allocated for government use in the
1980/81 fiscal year was excessive. The
government plans to reduce this figure to
25% by 1988 so that more resources may
be allocated to the private sector.
Furthermore, 30% of the resources given
to ministries will be earmarked for
development as opposed to overhead
expenditure,

Many parastatals accumulated large
debts due to agricultural credit. The
government has decided that subsidies
will be distinguished from agricultural
credit, and that subsidies will be
budgeted under the appropriate
ministries and will thus compete with
other ministerial projects for funds, while
agricultural credit will be made available
on strict commercial terms of security and

3400/842

48

credit worthiness.

The 1984-88 Development Plan
stipulates that an agricultural develop-
ment bank be set up that will be the
primary institution for mobilising funds.
for agricultural activities: - for loaning.
these funds on a commercial, and
generally short-term, basis to the
Agricultural Finance Corporation and the
Co-operative Bank to be lent to farmers.

So-called forward budgeting. for the
major parastatals was to be effected by
the end of the 1983/84 financial year and
the 1984/85 budget is expected to reflect
the linkage between budget planning and
administration, ‘financial planning and
inanagement in parastatals. The invest-
meni division of the treasury has taken on
an expanded role ~ that of integrating the
parastatal sector into the forward
budgeting process and of continuously
monitoring the government’s interests in
the parastatal enterprises.

The investment division is to maintain
up-to-date information on the
government’s equity:in and loans to
parastatals (including loan guarantees)
and records on past, current and pirospec-
tive dividends, interest. payments and
debt repayments. The same division is
also to be responsible for government
stock holding and for creditor interests’ at
parastatal board-‘meetings — especially
meetings about commitments to invest-
ment projects. a


JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

"VENDA NOT ONE-PARTY STATE'-THOHOYANDOU.--Although there were no opposition
members in the Venda Parliament, this did not mean that Venda was a one-party
state, the President, Mr Patrick Mphephu, said yesterday. He said that since
his last address to Parliament the ruling party captured all opposition seats
in recent elections, making a clean sweep in Parliament. "The result is that
there are at present no members in the National Assembly representing any
opposition Party. "I wish to state categorically that this does not mean that
Venda is now a one-party state," Mr Mphephu said. "The only significance is
that Venda is a state in which one party succeeded in winning all the seats in
a Democratic election." [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Mar 85
p 10]

COLORED MPS NOT EFFECTIVE--HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.-—Coloured Members of
Parliament were not acknowledged by local authories when matters affecting
them, like housing, were discussed, Mr Desmond Locky (LP, Nominated) said.
"The local authorities just continue in the old way without taking us into
account," he said in support of a private members motion calling for improved
communications between local management and affairs committees. The Minister
of Local Government, Housing and Agriculture, Mr David Curry should hold
urgent discussions with the Minister of Constitutional Development and Plan-
ning, Mr Chris Heunies, to ensure that effective structures were brought about
in which the Coloured people had a say in their own affairs. [Text] [Johan-
nesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Mar 85 p 5]

ANTI-DRAFT VIEWS WANTED--CALLS for an end to compulsory military conscription
in the South Africa should be addressed to the government commission studying
the matter, the Minister of Defence, General Magnus Malan, has told a former
head of Cape Town University. Reacting to an anti-draft speech made by Sir
Richard Luyt in Port Elizabeth last week, Gen Malan said: "It is a pity that
he chose to air his theories to the Black Sash and not to the (Geldenhuys)
committee". Gen Malan said Sir Richard, himself a soldier of the Second World
War, would be formally invited to express his views on conscription. "I am
convinced that the comparison made between the two previous world wars and the
terrorist campaign on home ground could lead to many stimulating thoughts,"
the Minister said. He added, however, that any views expressed should be
“purely military and not have a political goal". Sir Richard was quoted as
telling the Black Sash meeting that he supported the concept of a professional
army backed by part-time National Servicemen. South African-born Sir Richard,
a former Governor of Guyana, became principal and vice-chancellor of UCT in
1968 before retiring five years ago. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in
English 22 Mar 85 p 5]

HELICOPTER PLUNGE KILLS POLICEMAN--A Benoni Riot Squad policeman died on Tues-
day afternoon when he plunged 21 m to his death from a helicopter during joint
training exercises with the Air Force, and the Railway police at the Railway
Police Training College in Kempton Park. Constable Theunis Jacobus Terblanche
(22) had been dangling at the end of a rope underneath the helicopter and was
to have been lowered gently to the ground when the rope broke. Constable
Terblanche was taken immediately to the Kempton Park Hospital by helicopter,
but was certified dead on arrival. He was a rugby player and represented
Eastern Transvaal, which is where his parents stay. [Text] [Johannesburg THE
CITIZEN in English 21 Mar 85 p 5]

97



cso:

seed distribution, subsidised
sales of stockfeed and
botulism vaccinations,
subsidisation of the hiring of
draught power for families
which lack access to it, the
destumping scheme, and
assistance to groups of
farmers with agricultural
water supply projects.

The President announced
that in the recovery areas,
only those agricultural
measures which will con-
tribute to the further recovery
of farming will be implemen-
ted. These will be the cattle
Purchase scheme, the
draught power subsidy
scheme and destumping. He
said otherwise seeds will be
available for purchase at
subsidised prices as before
the drought, and stockfeed
will be for sale as normal.
Other types of assistance will,
be available under
the development projects
such as ALDEP.

Dr Masire disclosed that
rainfall has been around
average or 20 to 40 per cent
above average in the limited
areas of recovery. The
national crop production
couid be in the range of
15 000 to 20000 tonnes if
conditions do not suddenly
worsen. This amount will only
be some 10 per cent of the
nation’s food needs, and
almost all of it will come from
the recovery zones.

He said this level of food
production will be very
inadequate to meet the food
needs of the people there.
The Government recognises
that some assistance must
continue to be given to areas

3400/867

22

taking the first steps towards.
recovery. The recovery
programme, the President
pointed out, will therefore
focus on helping those who
continue to need rehabiliation
and on consolidating the
improvement in agricultural
production which has began
to be experienced.

The President also
appealed to Botswana's
friends in the international
community to assist in the
same way they did most
generously in the past few
years. They had to undertake
our relicf to limit the rises in
malnutirtion and destitution
which otherwise would have
occurred.

He said assistance from
the international community
would now be needed for
both relief and recovery areas
throughout 1986. This food
will contribute both to
immediate relief and to
rehabilitation, and will be
targetted increasingly to
those groups and areas most
in need.

The President stated that
technical assistance in the
form of experts and qualified
volunteers had been most
useful in our labour-based
and food distribution
programmes, and would
continue to be needed.

Financial assistance from
both national and inter-
national sources was also
sought, as Governemnt’s
limited resources would
continue to come under
severe strain due to the scale
of requirements for these
programmes.


PRESIDENT MASIRE COMMENTS ON RURAL ADMINISTRATION

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 25 Feb 85 p 1

[Text]

SEROWE: The President Dr
Quett Masire has said that
although external economic
intervention is welcome as
assistance or cooperation, it
is better for a country to rely
more on its local resources
as this stands to enhance its
political independence.

Dr Masire was speaking
here on Friday when he
commissioned the Rural
Administration Centre which
was completed last year at
the cost of about P2 million.

The President explained
that when “we talk about
independence and self-

reliance, we refer tothe ability

to manage our own affairs
with little or no intervention
from outside.” That inter-
vention, he said, could be
political, military or
economic.

The President also noted
that the Rural Administration
centres have been provided
in several district head-
quarters under a national
programme in three phases.

He said, phase one covered
the provision of centres in
Ghanzi, Maun, Ramotswa and
Tshabong at a total cost of
P250 000. Phase twoincluded
the centres in Mochudi,
Molepolole, Serowe, Tutume
and the one still under
construction in Kanye.

He said that the total cost
of providing those centres is
P8 million with an assistance

18

of P3 million from the
European Development Fund
while P5 million was drawn
from the Domestic Develop-
ment Fund.

He said that the fact that a
bigger amount of the
construction cost. came from
local resources wasa typical
example of translating into
action the national principle
of self-reliance.

Dr Masire said that two
more centres were to be built
at Bobonong and Letihakane
under phase three of the Rural
Administration Centres.
Phase three will also cater
for the expansion of centres
constructed under phase one
in order to meet the ever-
increasing demand for office
accommondation, he said.

He reminded the people
of Serowe that the provision
of office accommodation in
the form of those rural
administration centres was a
clear indication of the
importance the government
attached to rural develop-
ment.

He reiterated that rural
development had been the
dominant theme of the Fifth
National Development Pian
which is about to end.

President Masire further
observed that the con-
struction of administration
centres which catered for
office requirements of all
district agencies was the most

IPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

BOTSWANA



JERS -SSA-85-032 '
18 April 1985

done to stimulate the incentives for entrepreneurs in our society," Dr
Slabbert said. "We also need more privatisation and the informal sector of
the economy has to be positively encouraged." It was important that no group
should be favoured and that the small business sector be promoted against the
drift towards monopoly and big business, he added. [Text] [Johannesburg THE
CITIZEN in English 27 Mar 85 p 9]

PROMOTIONS IN SAAF~-Major-General H G du Plessis, chief of Air Staff Logis-
tics in the SA Air Force, is to retire and will be replaced by Brigddier F ll
Bolton in April, the SA Defence Force announced yesterday. Brig Bolton will
be promoted to the rank of Major-General. The SADF also said that due to cuts
in expenditure, the post vacated by a Chief of Staff personnel officer, Major-
General A P Roux, would not be filled for the present. [Text] [Johannesburg
THE CITIZEN in English 13 Mar 85 p 9]

CSO: 3400/849

101



BULGARIA TO REOPEN GOLD MINES

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 2 Mar 85 p2

[Text]

CSO:

GHANA is‘one of the
African countries bene-
fiting from preliminary
prospecting being done
by Bulgarian Geological
and prospecting experts
“BULGARGEO-

According to Sofia Press
Agency, Bulgarian Geolo-
gists will help reactivate
the Obenumase Gold Mi-
in Ghana. More than
) Bulgarian Cicologists
and prospecting experts of
“Bulgargeomin” state eco-
nomic association are
workin’ on projects in 15
countries in Asia, Alrica
and Latin America.

Preliminary prospect-

ne

__ ing is also being carried out

3400/839

in another 28 countries by
the experts of the state
company, winner of the
} ernment Award
“Pheonicia — 78” as well
as one of the “Golden
Mercury — 81" award. *

Tunisia was the first fo-
reign country in which
“BulgargeominTM started
working several years ago.
Deposits of lead and zinc
ore were discovered there
and the “Freige el-Adoum”
mine was constructed.

Contract with “Bulg
geomin” have several tim
been renewed by the Tuni-
sian authorities, Similar is
the ease with Algeria, 100,
where a geological survey
in the Atlas mountain
gion has been made in
addition to the designing

30

and construction of the
ore-extraction combined
works near Setif, and the
completion of many other
projects. Underground
waters by “Bulgar-
geomin’TM ur Libya turned
Jarge desert areas into fer-
tile soil .
“Bulgargeomin’
ties now are spelt out, in
contracts for restoration
and commissioning of gold
mines in Nicaragua and
Mozambique for prospect-
ing and extraction of poly-
metal ores in the People’s
Republic of Congo, Soma-
lia, Tunisia, Angola, ete.
‘The association is acti-
vely working on various
projects in Zambia, Ethio-
pia, Tanzania and Ghana.
Its programme for the
coming years envisages a
feasibility study, of
underground gas exploit-

6 eer
tion in the Jebissa region in

pec
and service equipment in
conformity with safety and
fire precautions. Work on
the Project is successtully
under way

Wherever Bulgarian ex-
perts are at work, they
share eagerly their expe-
rience with local people 0
help them train their own
specialists. ‘The forms. of
Co-operation are con-
stantly being enriched on
the basis of mutual wil-
lingness and understand:
ing.

JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

GHANA


JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

ZIMBABWE

LABOR BILL CAUSING ALARM IN SEVERAL QUARTERS

Gweru MOTO in English No 32, Mar 85 pp 10-11

[Text]

THE new Labour Relations Bill, one of the
most controversial pieces of legislation in
Zimbabwe’s five years of independence,
replaces the Industrial Conciliation,
Minimum Wages and Employment Acts. Ex-
cept for senior civil servants whose terms of
employment are governed by the constitu-
tion, all workers are covered by the Bill,

But, how widely the government gathered
contributions from interested parties is in
dispute.

According to Labour Minister Frederick
Shava, the International Labour Organisa-
tion helped draft the Bill. But some employ-
ers and trade unions have been. reported in
the local press as saying they had hardly any
say at all in the legislation.

Aspects of the Bill which employers can be
expected to feel strongly about include: the
outlawing of lock-outs; the requirement for
full disclosure of their financial Position if
they allege an inability to meet workers’
wage demands; the consequences of an un-
fair labour practice, such as job reinstate-
ment, payment of legal fees and back pay;
regulations covering a wide range of working
conditions as well as paid maternity leave
and time off each day for nursing mothers.

The new fabour relations system will hinge
on a number of institutions and figures. But,
the supremo in the structure is the Labour
Minister, who has considerable powers.

The Bill gives the minister the power to
make regulations on hours of work, wages,
leave, and numerous other conditions of
employment. And, on these issues, he has
the power to over-rule everyone else.

With less than 20 percent of the country’s
1900 000 workers orgamsed into trade
unions, which are themselves still weak, it
makes sense for the State to have a say on
wages and employment conditions. Under
such circumstances, an endorsement of a

111

laissez-faire bargaining relationship between
workers and bosses would clearly not benefit
the workers.

However, working conditions laid down
by regulations should be clearly understood
to be the minimum and not the norm. A
union’s bid to win more than the minimum
for its members should be accepted and en-
couraged by government. If it is not, there is
little point in having unions in Zimbabwe.

While the Bill does not rule out this crucial
negotiating role of the unions, it would seem
to. be doubtful about it, given that the
Minister has the power to overrule a
negotiated agreement. Furthermore, there is
the question of whether the Bill helps
strengthen the unions so they can fulfil this
and other roles.

The Bill also gives the Minister a substan-
tial say over the unions’ finances, Union
dues must be approved by the Minister who
can also reduce or increase them. The
Minister can order the payment: of union
dues by employers into a trust fund rather
than a union’s bank account. And, he can
also limit equipment and property purchases
by unions,

At best, this points to the government’s
wanting to protect union members from
unscrupulous unionists or mismanagement
of funds — not unreasonable in the light of
the Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions
bad record.

At worst, the provisions mean the govern-
ment can control the power of unions by
keeping them in a state of perpetual Poverty,
But the government has a case for saying
that this is not its intention given that provi-
sion is made elsewhere in the Bill for trade
unions to take over businesses threatened
with closure.

Either way, it is questionable whether a
government minister should have the final



also said the proposed
BSE will also serve as
secretariat to the
Economic and Financial
Management Committee
on state enterprises
affairs.

JOINT KANAGEMENT

“Among other things
in its provision of
public services, the
Government’ of Liberia
will consider granting
franchises to wholly
private enterprises
under suitable agree-
ments to safeguard the
public interest, - or
joint public/private
ownership or enter-
prise providing pu-
blic service where ap-
propriate ,with manage-
ment responsibility
vested in the private
owners, or management
by private commercial
operators under con-
tract with the govern-
ment of Liberia," the
statement said.

It also said gowern-
ment will accordingly
create new public en-
terprises "only where
necessary and found
economically feasi-
ble," and that govern-
ment intends to dele-
gate the responsibili-
ty for efficient ma-
nagement of | public
enterprises to each
corporation's board of
directors and = mana-

gers.
On wages and employ-
ment, the policy

statement said govern-
ment has decided to

54

adopt medium-term po-
licy framework for pu-
blic sector wages and
employment to "reduce
the share of the wage
bill in public revenue
and expenditure" as
well as "to ration-
alize the structure of
wages and saJaries in
the public sector."
The policy statement
said the decision was
necessaryy recognizing
wages and employment
policy as a critical
instrument in promot-
ing the growth .and de-
velopment of the Libe-
rian economy, and that
the trends in wages
and employment in the
public sector in re-
cent years have posed
major problems to de-
velopment policy.

WAGE EMPLOYMENT

The statement said
in pursuance of the
objectives of the wage
and employment policy,

government has decided
to continue to under-
take those measures
already being imple-
mented, as well as
additional, measures
necessary for their
attainment, asset out
in the relevant policy
statement.

The policy statement
on the "concession
sector" said govern-
ment has decided to
improve its capacity
to monitor  develop-
ments in the interna-
tional market: for com-
modities produced by


cso;

3400/838

This put people out of work. So there must be complete stability
to expand. .

The problem of unemployment also becomes more acute with
the large number of school leavers. We are going to expand the
creation of employment in agriculture and commerce.

MOTO: How do these plans fit in with the party’s chosen policy of
socialism?

Shamuyarira: We intend to increase the socialisation of the means of
production at various levels. There has been a gradual introduc-
tion of socialism. During the elections in 1980, people talked
against socialism and people were told that we would take their
cows, their land and even their wives. But now people have been
politicized towards socialism and cooperatives, People now
understand that the idea is to increase their wealth and to improve
their lives. Cooperatives have had their problems — some have
been successful while some have not, but we now have a greater
demand for cooperatives than we are able to cope with. We have
gone slowly to learn from experience — a balance must be struck.
In other sectors too there are experiments in socialism.

MOTO: Since independence, would you say that the party has
become stronger in all parts of the country?

Shamuyarira: The party is stronger because we had no branches in
the first elections. We relied on village committees set up by
ZANLA forces during the war. We spent 3 years on restructuring
the party into cells, branches and provinces. This restructuring
exercise, which now includes an expanded central committee and
politburo, is completed and the party is very strong.

MOTO: What actions have ZANU taken in ZAPU’s stronghold
areas to win the hearts of the people to its side? What success do
you think the party has scored in this regard?

Shamuyarira: We've made some inroads into ZAPU strongholds as
can be seen by some of the recent district council elections where
we won some wards. The Ndebele must see that ZANU is as much
their party as ZAPU. We don’t want parties to be divided on
tribal lines. Tribalism is the scourge of Africa. People can differ
on economic issues, ideology, and strategy.

ZANU is spending a lot of efforts on organizing the party in
Matebeleland. I can say that we have 30— 40 percent in Matebele-
land; our support is stronger in different areas. We are pleased
with the progress made.

We are unhappy about the banditry and dissidents in the area
and the murders of our local leaders which is intended to frighten
people away from elections and to frighten leaders who are afraid
of murder. For example, I was at the rallies in Nkayi with Nya-
gumbo and others on the Sunday before Cde Michael Sibanda
was killed. He helped organise the rallies and was killed on the
following Monday. This has a demoralising effect on our people.

The final solution in Matebeleland is a political solution and
this rests with the people. The people must indicate who they sup-
port because no one can coerce a people indefinitely.

MOTO: How would you describe the political climate of the country
leading up to the elections?

Shamuyarira: We want elections to be free and fair. We want the
soldiers and the police to remain in the background, and the poli-
ticians and the people should be the actors in the general elections.
But if the dissident activity increases toward the elections then we
must bring the security forces forward, which will restrain the ac-
tivities of the political process. We hope that the minority parties
will join us by not introducing any violence. We want violence in

108


In coming out against the ‘accord’, Minet says it is concerned "that the inef-
ficiencies and inadequacies of a few insurers are being cloaked and protected
by concerted action to the real detriment of the good performers and the
consumers."

cso: 3400/870

72



JPRS-SEA-85-032
18 April 1985

BOTSWANA

MP MONWELA COMMENTS ON URBAN MIGRATION, OTHER ISSUES
Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 25 Feb 85 p 2
[Article by Chairmaine Muir]

[Text] GABORONE, February 20--Batswana have been accused of becoming lazy and
flocking to urban areas in search of employment, instead of remaining in the
rural areas to plough and tend their herds.

The attack came from the MP for Maun/Chobe, Mr Dikgothi Monwela in Parliament
during the debate on the budget speech last Wednesday.

Mr Monwela urged the Government to make reservations for periods of drought
and to encourage farmers to plough during this period.

He advised that stretches of land be reserved to be used for grazing during
difficult years. He noted that there were vast stretches of unutilised land
with luscious grass and boreholes along the Nata/Kazungula Road.

Mr Monwela questioned why this grass was not used as an emergency, as the
state of grazing in the country had deteriorated.

Commenting on the National Food Strategy, the MP noted that during periods of
drought the Goernment should not waste time but take action where necessary
because "the longer we delay, the more we will havetowait."

He said food production was a serious issue which had to be discussed for the
benefit of the nation.

Mr Monwela urged the Government of big farmers to increase their production
because they could contribute to self-sufficiency in agriculture.

He argued that it was worthless wasting time on farmers who produced one or
two hectare and thus could not really contribute to self-sufficiency.

He criticised the attitude of agricultural officers to farmers and claimed

that they failed to tour successful agricultural projects so as to give farm-
ers incentives.

24


There was also the factor of the proximity of a favourable distribution point
for other markets.

Dr Van Der Merwe said the clothing industry employed a massive labour force.

He said the responsibility to train these workers rested primarily with the
individual employers.

"They have to train their workers to perform specific tasks effectively in the
pursuit of higher productivity and profits. This profit motive should at all
times serve as the prime motivation to train employees."

He said he could well imagine that the management of the host company had _
spent many hours debating certain issues before it was decided to establish
the training centre.

Dr Van Der Merwe said: "I believe that employers organisations within the

various industries can play the role to facilitate training within an
industry.

CSO: 3400/860

90


Although their aircraft was chartered by the Angolan Government, Mr Bongard
said they had never had close associations with Fapla. "They never pursued us
after the capture," he said.

Mr Glen Dixon (47), a field area forman of an independent service maintenance
company at Kafunfo, told how he and fellow Briton, Mr John McMichael, and 17
Filipinos were captured during the early morning attack on December 29 last
year.

Valuables

"Once Unita had brought us all out, they stripped us of all valuables, took
what they wanted and then stood on everything else and destroyed it," Mr Dixon
said.

"Unita did not expect ex-patriots in the town and they did not know what to do
with us. In the end we marched about 10 km out of town and sat under some
bushes while four Soviet MiG 23s bombed the town for about 20 minutes. Then
the Hercules came over and were were later joined by the three crew members,"
Mr Bongard said.

Although Kafunfo was "well protected" by trenches and about 300 Angolan
troops, Mr Dixon said they were not top grade soldiers and stood little chance
against the 1 000 Unita attackers.

He said he had only seen two Fapla soldiers after the assault began, and both
of them were dead.

"Fapla always impressed on us that Unita were a bunch of hooligans. But only
when you get captured by them do you realise how organised they are," he
continued.

Cassava

The men were "force-marched" at night for almost six weeks, eating Cassava--
which Mr Dixon described as wallpaper paste--rice, canned tuna and bully beef.

"One of the biggest problems was the food. They were living off the land, and
there was no way we could eat as they did, until were were desperate," Mr
Dixon added.

They group was also plagued first by constipation and then by chronic
diarrhoea.

Asked whether Unita used any South African equipment, Mr Dixon said although
the food in Jamba came from this country, the rebels appeared to use weapons
captured largely form Swapo and Fapla. Some came from Portuguese colonial
days, he said.

The captives were accompanied back from Jamba by representative of the Inter-
national Committee of the Red Cross, who went to the Unita headquarters last
week after the release had been negotiated.



JPRS-SSA-85~032
18 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SECURITY POLICE REVEALS DISINFORMATION USED TO DISCREDIT SUBVERSIVES
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 21 Mar 85 p 3
[Article by Mike Aldridge]

[Text] IN A surprise admission the second-in-command of the Security Police,
Brigadier Johan van der Merwe, yesterday said disinformation was used to de-
stroy the credibility of leaders of organisations considered to be subversive.

The brigadier was being cross-examined by Mr Wim Trengrove at the Media Coun-
cil hearing in Johannesburg. The council is hearing a complaint by the SA
Police that The Star falsely published an article which said two security
policemen had admitted involvement in a smear campaign against Dr Allan
Boesak. .

Dr Boesak is president of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches.

Brig van der Merwe, who was standing in for General Schutte, head of the
Security Police, said such tactics could be used in certain circumstances,
depending on the nature of and form of disinformation, the interests of State
security and the morality of the community which the security police served.

Mr Trengrove representing The Star, quoted evidence from the case of Van
Heerden v the Security Police, given by Major Craig Williamson, a security
police agent.

Not Interested

Brig Van der Merwe said the circles in which the influence of Dr Boesak could
be lessened by such disinformation were not, however, those in which the
security police were interested.

These were organisations such as the South African Council of Churches and the
United Democratic Front, in both of which Dr Boesak was an important figure.

Further evidence was also led by counsel for The Star, which was a recorded
conversation between the editor of The Star, Mr Harvey Tyson, the news editor
and the reporters who undertook the investigation into security police
involvement in the Boesak affair, with a former SA Council of Churches youth
worker, Miss Di Scott.

73



JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

AVRIKANER ACADEMIC WARNS ECONOMY COULD SPARK REVOLUTION
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Mar 85 p 11

[Text]

CAPE TOWN. —- In his
outlook for South Afti-
ca’s economy during the
next five years, a leading
Afrikaner academic has
warned that the country

from an economic view
~ was destined for revol-

vtion,

Speaking at a confer-
ence at the University of
Stellenbosch’s Institute
for Futures Research, the

director of the Bureau for’

CSO: 3400/849

Economic Research, Pro-
fessor A J M de Vries,
said it was unlikely the
country would gencrate a
higher average growth
rate over the next five
years of more than three
percent a year.

“At the same time an
average annual inflation

79

rate of very nearly 10 per-
cent appears likely.”

He said: “Given the
poor growth and inflation
performance of the past
10 years and taking into
account projected popu-
lation growth and the
number of new entrants
into the labour market,

these figures are disturb-
ing.” :
“In fact, this could be a
classical recipe, from an
economic point of view,
for social and political
upheaval.” :
Prof De Vries said that
to ensure a better growth
performance, the coun-
try’s economic situation
needed a careful, clear
and “rather radical”
examination. — Sapa.



JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

PROBLEMS FACING AFRICA DESCRIBED
Paris LE MONDE in French 7 Mar 85 pp 1, 6
{Article by Paul-Jean Franceschini]

[Text] A week before the UN conference to be held in Geneva on aid to an Africa
hard pressed by drought, some 20 French-speaking African ministers of agricul-
ture are in Paris and on Tuesday, 5 March, held a working meeting at the Min-
istry of Cooperation. On that occasion, Nucci called upon those present to

“go beyond emergency food aid and undertake a real development policy."

We have long wondered whether Africa was off to a bad start. Some 25 years
after its nations achieved independence, it is even more important to know
how it is doing. On Monday, the OAU ministers of foreign affairs, meeting in
Addis Ababa to discuss an "economic rescue plan for the continent," gave an
instructive idea of it: After 8 days of talks, they separated without any
other result than a few tirades against apartheid and Israeli policies, in
which the required indignation took the place of a smokescreen.

In Africa today, it is poignant misery that one sees and in all conceivable
forms: starvation, naturally, the most visible with its medieval death dances
transmitted by satellite, but also, escape in the face of war: 5 million
refugees, internal oppression, declining production and even, a general impres-
sion that there is nothing to hope for and that the continent is adrift.

In August, the World Bank outlined a diagnosis so overwhelming that some even
believed it malevolent: "If current trends are to continue, Africa in 1995
will be even poorer than before independence." Like those Western youths who,
as their rite of passage to adulthood, push down the doors of the ANPE
[expansion unknown], the Black nations have as their sole concern finding their
survival allowances. As former OAU Secretary General Edem Kodjo writes in a
lucid book marked by courage and enlightenment: "One has to wonder whether our
peoples and our continent are naturally stricken with incompetence!" (Edem
Kodjo, "Et Demain 1'Afrique," Stock, 1985). The author does not therefore
throw his pen out the window, but official, institutional Africa has definitely
put down its arms.

Are the disasters of starvation solely the work of the "climate," which since
Montesquieu has explained the temperaments and misfortunes of peoples? Without



any form out of the elections.

MOTO: Does the retaining of tribal names for the provinces not
reinforce the tribal divisions? °

Shamuyarira: Province names are used by the loca! people and this
does not encourage tribalism. We don’t achieve anything by deny-
ing what a person is; we have this multiplicity of tribes, but there
must be unity in diversity. At the political and economic level we
must unite and work together. Even with ZANU, we have all
tribes and races, but we have united at the political level.

MOTO: Do you think that minority parties have any future in Zim-
babwe?. And, what are your reactions to the demonstrations
against Nkomo? Do the demonstrators make him appear larger to
the outside world?

Shamuyarira: You have to ask the minority parties about their
future. The demonstrations have been more against the murders
and dissidents, and against the fear that Nkomo might bring dissi-
dents into the area. In Chinhoyi for example, Nkomo brought in
his youth to strengthen his position and the people protested
because they do not want banditry and murder in their areas. But
our party is not encouraging the demonstrations; we would like
all candidates to be free to travel within their constituencies and
within the country. The demonstrations have been reactions to
the’ murders.

MOTO: If ZAPU wins the same number of seats it won in the last
election, would ZANU consider forming a government of na-
tional unity with it?

Shamuyarira: This is really for the Prime Minister and Party to say,
but I can say that ZANU is determined to enhance national unity
and we will do what is necessary to see that unity is achieved
before establishing a one-party state. All parties will be consulted
and encouraged to come together.

MOTO: Is this possible as long as ZAPU is associated with dissi-
dents?

Shamuyarira: ZAPU must stop murders or there will be no recon-
ciliation or coming together.

MOTO: To what extent would you say South Africa is responsible
Sor destabilisation in the run up towards the elections?

Shamuyarira: South Africa does have a general strategy of destabi-
lisation, but we don’t know yet the extent to which they will inter-
fere to disrupt the elections. There are still a number of Rhode-
sian elements there. But we will deal with whatever they may try
to do.

MOTO: What about other foreign interests?

Shamuyarira: Other countries could intervene by giving monies to
minority parties through certain agencies. This was done during
the first elections. A number of organisers of minority parties are
outside the country raising funds. According to our electoral law,
parties are not allowed to get funds from’ foreign sources. So we
will see how fat the bank accounts become when these people
return.

MOTO: When the election campaign starts, will all the political
parties be given equal access to, or equal time in the media?

Shamuyarira: There will be some access given to minority parties
to campaign through the media, but we have not worked out the
formula. However, we would like all the parties to concentrate on
election issues and what they plan to do, instead of abuse and
recrimination of other leaders, parties, etc. We want to dis-
courage this approach and concentrate on each party’s plan of
action; how will they organize the economy, the public service,
etc. There will not be much access for recrimination and abuse.

107



PLANS FOR DISINVESTMENT CALLED 'UNCHRISTIAN'

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 26 Mar 85 p 10

[Text]

AMERICAN — moves
towards disinvestment
in South Africa were
strongly criticised and
rejected as unchristian
and potentially disas-
trous —- for the West
as well as South Africa
at a specialist theo-
logical seminar in Pre-
ria yesterday.
caders of the various
Christian denominations
in South Africa met with
economists and labour ex-
Pperts to thrash out atti-
tudes tow: the grow-
ing Western move  to-
wards disinvestment, at a
seminar called by the CB
Powell Bible Centre of
the University of South
Africa.

Main speakers were
Professor Nic Wichabn,
chairman of the Wiehahn
commission of inquiry
into labour legistation and
Rector of Unisa’s School
of Business Leadership;
the Rev Peter Storey.
President of the General

" Conference of the Metho-

dist Church in Southern
Africw Prof Johan

of the Northern Trans
synod of the Nederduitse
Gereformeerdy Kerk:
Prof Frans van den Bo
garde. viee-principal of
Unisa: and Prof Pieter de

77

Villiers, the C B Powell
professor of biblical
scholarship at Unisa.

Propaganda

Prof Van den Bogaerde
told the meeting South
Africa must face the fact
that the Uitenhage inci-
dent was “a propaganda
victory of no mean pro-
portions” for the coun-
try’s enemies.

Delivering the first C B
Powell memorial lecture
at the meeting, he said

pect “Uitenhage” to be-
expression simi-

je said. this was.
all the more so because
Uitenhage’s trauma had
taken place on the very
anniversary of | Sharpe-
ville

Backing remarks on the
aspect of the Sullivan
Codc in the United States
as related to the South
African situation, Prof
Van den Bogaerde said
the code in labour re-
lations coincided with the
policies of the Reag
Administration

Negate

“If the disinvestment
campaign mooted against

JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JERS-SSA-35-032
18 April 1985

TANZANIA

BRIEFS

OIL DRILLING TO COMMENCE--Under an agreement with the Tanzanian government of
March 2, three foreign oil companies will begin exploratory drilling in the
Bagamayo district, on the coast 100 kilometres north of Dar es Salaam, 12,000
square kilometres, has been granted to the French state oil company Elf-Aqui-
taine, the Kuwaiti Foreign Petroleum Exploration Company and the International
Energy Development Corporation. The cost of the exploratory drilling is esti-
mated at between 10 million and 11 million dollars. If oil is discovered, the
agreement specifies that between 70 and 85 per cent of the production will go
to the Tanzanian government. 1.0.N.--The IEDC and the KFPEC have already been
active in this region, the first since 1981 and the second since 1984. They
drilled a well at Makarawi, 150 kilometres north of Dar es Salaam. If no oil
has yet been found in Tanzania, the hunt is continuing energetically. An
aerial survey in the region of Lakes Victoria and Tanganyka in collaboration
with Zaire, Uganda and Kenya and financed by the World Bank, ended last Octo-
ber. Surveys by Kenting Earth Sciences of Canada in the Lake Rukwa area
northwest of Mbeya have produced positive results. Shell and Esso are pro-
specting in the Ruvu valley, and although one drill which was sunk last August
(Ruaruke 1) was abandoned at the end of September, a new one is to be sunk be-
fore the end of the year. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in
English No 172, 9 Mar 85 p 6]

SOVIET MEDICAL AID--The Ministry of Health has received a donation comprising
an assortment of hospital equipment from the Soviet Union. The equipment, to
be used at the V. I. Lenin Hospital, was presented to the Ministry by Soviet
Consul in Zanzibar Ndugu (Yuriy Vasilyev). [Excerpt] [Zanzibar Domestic Ser—
vice in Swahili 1600 GMT 26 Mar 85 EA]

cso: 3449/4

103



INDIAN FARMERS SUFFERING FROM GROUP AREAS ACT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Mar 85 p 4

[Text]
HOUSE OF  DEL-
EGATES. Indian

farmers were being
treated as “sucked
oranges” although they
had saved Natal’s agricul-
ture from economic ruin,
Mr Amichand Rajbansi,
chief minister of the
House of Delegates, said.

Supporting a_ private
motion brought before
the House by Mr Soobra-
money Naicker, leader of
the House, calling on the
Government to remove
fort with all racial restric-
tions pertaining to. all
facets of agriculture and
farming, he said the

"White Farmers Can't Meet All

HOUSE OF  DEL-
EGATES. -~ The Minis-
ter of Own Affairs of
Housing and Agriculture
in the House of Del-
egates, Mr Baldeo Doo-
kie, said agricultural land
should be freed from the
Group Areas Act.
Speaking to a motion
calling for this, Mr Doo-
kie sa the — Indian
chamber intended ensur-
ing that agricultural lands

cso: —3400/849

Group Arcas Act had
squeezed out Indian
farmers.

But his _ National
Peoples’ Party, the ma-
jority group in the House,
would strive to restore
what “our peasants” had
lost.

“Agriculture is an ‘own
affair’, but our efforts to
restore Indian agriculture
to its past glories can be
thwarted by Group
Areas,” he said.

Speaking to his motion
earlier, Mr Naicker said
that although Indians had
been pleased with Kwa-
Zalu land cojsolidation
and development. there

SA's Food Needs'

was free of Group Areas
laws.

“Why must people who
want to produce food not
be allowed to do so?”

White farmers alone
could not meet the agri-
cultural needs of the
country. All race groups
would have to work to-
gether if the food needs of
South Africa were to be
met by the year 2 000.

88

JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

was concern that some In-
dian agricultural land had
also been lost to Kwa-
Zalu.

Mr George Thaver
(NPP, nominated), said
that if Indians were to
show their mettle once
again as astute agricultur-

“ alists, the Group Areas

Act, the main stumbling
block, had to be repeated.
He said Indians had
been originally brought
from India to work on the
farms of Natal and they
would do it again once
impediments placed
through Group Areas
were removed, he said.

The lack of agricultural
land had forced the In-
dian farming community
not to get more involved
in agriculture, and it was
not their fault, Mr Doo-
kie said.

The small gardens
around Durban had been
destroyed and the “green
belts” had been replaced
with roads. he said



CSO:

3400/837

said.

1t said, "should the
ban on rice imports
be under such guide-
lines, licenses for
rice imports will be
issued through bids
under a “competitive
Term Tendering Sys-
tem."

56


ISRAELI CONSTRUCTION FIRM PLE

IPRS-SSA~85-032
48 April 1985

GES TO HELP BUILD AGRICULTURE MINISTRY

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 4 Mar 85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

The Yona Group of
Compantes, an Israeli
construction firm with
headquarters in Jeru-
satem, has pledged to
assist government con-

struct a new agricul
ture ministry.

The pledge was made
by the company's pre~
sident, Mr. Mordechai
Yona when he and his
delegation paid a
courtesy call on
Agriculture Minister
Joseph ‘N. Boakai at
his Sinkor office
here.

Mr. Yona said "mw
are aware of govern-
ment's effort to pro-
vide public buildings
to house the various
ministries” adding
that it was in an
effort to help govern-
ment realize this ob-
jective that he had

3400/837

52

made the pledge.

Mintster Boakai who
welcomed the delega-

tion earlier, informed

the Yona president
that his ministry
would invite proposals
that could help impro-
ve Liberta's agricul-
ture program.

He praised Mr.Yona's
effort in undertak-
ing infrastructural
development in the
country, as well as
his company's effort
to reactivate the Li-
berfa Timber and Ply-
wood Corporation (LTP)
in Greenville, Sinoe
County.

The Yona Group of
Companies is pre-

‘financing the  con-

struction of the new
Ministry of National
Defense.

LIBERIA


ruling party were par-
ticularly keen on con-
frontation with the BNF.
He said the BNF would
avoid such arguments
with the BDP and in
stead would cooperate
and give them “every
assistance where they
are doing well”.

He explained that es-
sentially an opposition
is an alternative govern-
ment and criticises
government policies
with a view that they
should be corrected.

“In this capacity, we
advise government
when it is doing wrong
and not serving the in-
terests of the people,”
Dr Koma said.

The Leader of the Op-
position said the major
difference between the
opposition and the back
bench was that while
the opposition could
criticise and condemn
government policies, the

backbench could only
criticise government's
failure to implement
policies or speak after
the government had
failed.

Mr Monwela descri-
bed the backbench as
the “watch dog" of the
government because
they are in constant
contact with the people.
They make government
aware of people's
grievances.

Although the back-
bench accepts govern-
ment policy, Mr Monwe-
la explained that some-
times they indicate
where these policies
can be corrected or
amended to benefit the
people.

Both members of the
opposition indicated
that because they were
in the minority in par-
liament, their motions

were often re~
jected.

Dr Koma pointed out that an opposition can only be effective if it is strong
and has many members in Parliament. "As the case is now, we have a number of
limitations," he said.

Mr Nkhwa noted that because of the opposition's numerical inferiority, they
were unable to change Government's ideas. He added that if the government was

willing to listen to rea-
son and accepted the
good ideas of the oppo-
sition, it would be
effective.

Other members of the
backbench refused to
comment on the ques-
tions asked. Specially
Elected MP Mr Chapson
Butale and MP for
Lobatse/Barolong Mr
Ronald Sebego both
declined to respond to
questions.

cso: 3400/868

14


JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

GHANA

BRIEFS

BRAZILIAN AMBASSADOR PLEDGES AID--THE out-going Brazilian Ambassador in Ghana
Mr Agenor Soartes Dos Santos, on Monday paid a farewell call on Mr Justice

D. F. Annan, member of the PNDC, at his office in Accra. In an interview with
the Ghana News Agency, Mr Santos disclosed that experts from Ghana and Brazil
met recently in Brazil to consider priority areas in which Brazil could offer
technical assistance. He said at the meeting which was held under the Ghana/
Brazil Technical Co-operation Programme, a memorandum of understanding was
signed. Mr Santos who leaves Accra tomorrow for reposting assured Ghana that
after working out the modalities, the necessary steps would be taken to imple-
ment the programme. Mr Santos said areas Brazil would be expected to offer
technical assistance include irrigation, grain storage, sugarcane cultivation
and production. He said financing of the projects was being worked out.
[Excerpt] [Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 6 Mar 85 p 16]

YUGOSLAVIA AIDS COCOA INDUSTRY--A MAJOR cocoa plantation and processing proj-
ect is to be established at Manso-Nkwanta in the Ashanti Region next year un-
der a Ghana-Yugoslavia Agriculture Co-operation Agreement. The project is
designed to help recapture Ghana's position as the world's leading cocoa pro-
ducer and exporter. Negotiations are currently going on between officials of
the two countries to finalize arrangements for the signing of the agreement.
Dr Dvozden Topalovic, director of Poljodrivredni-Kombinat-Beograd (PKB), an
agricultural complex in Belgrade, and a representative of the Yugoslav Cham-
ber of Economy, disclosed this to Nana Bi-Kusi Appenh IT. Omanhene of Manso-
Nkwanta, and his elders at a ceremony here on Thursday. Under the agreement,
Yugoslavia would provide equipment and machinery, technical experts, ferti-
lizers, pesticides and other inputs. Ghana will bear the local expenditure
on the project. Dr Topalovic said 5,000 hectares of land had been acquired
for the project which would eventually be expanded to 20,000 hectares. On
completion, he said, Ghana would be expected to export 20,000 tonnes of cocoa
and cocoa products annually to Yugoslavia. Dr Topalovic observed that Ghana
had a conducive political climate for foreign investments, adding; "that is
why we have come with a lot of investments and the success of this project
will depend to a large extent on the co-operation of the government and peo-
ple of Ghana." [Frank Otchere] [Text] [Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 2 Mar
85 p 1]

JOINT GDR AGRICULTURAL VENTURE--THE German Democratic Republic (GDR) and the

Ghana Government are to embark on a joint agricultural venture under which a
State Farm would be established in the Volta Region. The first phase of the

43



Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW "Industrial Review" supplement in English 8 Mar 85

p 10

[Text ]

“who are prepared to take the ris
enterprise in pursuit of the profits that
can be earned” can invest in these areas.
"The Working Party recommends that a
parastatal advisory committee be given
the responsibility of finding the ways and
means of carrying out this government
divestment. The 1984-88 Development
Plan stipulates that this should be done in
the current plan period. Part of the
problem is finding how best to sell the
government shares to Kenyan
entrepreneurs and investors.

Parastatals that remain after this
government divestment must, according
to the report, be those crucial to national
development and those where concern for
efficient. management transcends
monetary considerations beca
management in these arcas is ¢
the welfare of the Kenyan people. The
Working Party Is enact ment of,
the proposed s Act to
regulate the ¢} tatals. ‘This
act will enable the government to monitor
and review the development, operations
and management of parastatals.

‘The report also recommends that a task
foree on divestiture of government invest-
ment be set up, under the auspices of the

sks of

JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

parastatal advisory committee, to review
and assess the activities of pé tals so
as to recommend which ones ought to be
got rid of and the ways in which this can
be done which will ensure that govern-
ment shares are not bought up by foreign
companies,

‘The report also recommends that
investments made with funds from
operating syrpluses be subjected to the
game criteria and procedures as apply to
new investments by the government and
that parastatal budgets be integrated into
the forward planning and budgeta’
processes of the Yunctional ministries
while the day-to-day running of the
parastatals is left to their management

st of these recommendations have
already been accepted by the government
in ifs 1984-88 Development Plan. The
stments division of the treasury has
“been given the function of chief financial
steward for all government investments.
As a sharcholder and financier,’ it will
safeguard the financial interests of the
government. It is currently doing this by
providing guidelines for enterprises and
forward budgeting of current operations.

New Parastatal Policies

FOLLOWING the Philip Ndegwa study
on statutory boards and the report from
the Working Party on Government
Expenditure, both of which revealed the
government's inability to manage the
financial affairs of parastatal institutions,
which have become a drain on the
national treasury, the goveriment has
worked out new parastatal policies.

The 1984-88 Development Plan
classifies parastatals as entrepreneurial,
developmental or financial, and offers
measures to improve the policies and
procedures of parastatal operations such
as uniform criteria for investment deci-
sions. rationalisation of subsidies and the
reduction of governmental contingent
liabilities in the government's guaranteed
loans to parastatals. The government’s
fire-brigade approach to petitions from
parastatals institutions to bail them out
of crises is being discarded.

Poorly thought-out joint ventures by
parastatals and the private sector have

47

been another government headache. The
government will no longer participate in
entrepreneurial ventures in the private
sector if the government’s contribution is
purely a capital one. This decision
obviously stems from disastrous
partnerships with the private sector in the
past: with Ken-Ren Fertiliser plant in
.Mombasa, which was a non-starter, and
with the giant Kisumu Molasses plant,
which, although millions of shillings have

been sunk into the venture, is going
nowhere.

New guidelines have been set up also
for the preparation, appraisal and
approval of public-sector investment
projects. The government is also going to
give greater opportunities and respon-
sibilities in commercial activities to the
private sector and hopes that its
divestiture of parastatals will increase the

economic role of the private sector.

The few parastatals that will remain
will be expected to borrow money on



cso

3400/870

alive. Otherwise it has to.
be tlodden over the bod-
ies of an increasing num-
ber of people caught up in
the violence.”

Dealing with the dis
vestment issue, he said
the Christian point of
ew alays had to start
with seeking to avoid un-
necessary suffering for
anyone.

But options for Chris
tians, if they were going
to avoid violence. were
“perilously limited.”

From a purist Christian
point of view, the initial
answer to disinvestment
had to be “noTM because
ends did not justify means.
in Christian morality.

“The question remains.
can Black suffering
caused by disinvestment
be justified if it makes a
contribution to the cause
of Black liberation?”

76


FRIENDSHIP TIES WITH GREECE HAILED

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 1 Mar 85 p 1

[Article by Charmaine Muir]

[Text]

cso:

GABORONE: The President,
Or Quett Masire has said the
people of Botswana are proud
to have entered the bonds of
friendship and cooperation
with the people of Greece.

Dr Masire was responding
to an accreditation speech
by the Greek Ambassador,
Mr Dimitri Skouroliakos at
State House yesterday
afternoon.

Dr Masire spoke in glowing
terms about Greece which
described as a country where
democracy was developed
and nurtured. The President
said that Botswana was
flattered to “note that our
efforts in promoting
democracy, human dignity
and social welfare are being
commended by the Greek
people.”

Dr Masire explained that
Batswana attach great
importance to the principles
of human equality and human
dignity, and thus jealously
guard our national
independence, national
sovereignty and territorial
integrity.

“That is why we have full
sympathy and understanding
for those who are still
struggling for their
independence, human
equality and dignity,” he
stressed.

Dr Masire said it was in the
interest of all Batswana to
promote the cause of peace
and justice for all.

3400/868

“We have great admiration
for the successes scored by
the Greeks in transforming
their country to become an
industrial power in its own
right,” Dr Masire said.

He added that he had no
doubt that Greece would use
this experience and its
membership of the European
Community to advance the
cause of the developing
countries.

Presenting his credentials,
Ambassador Dimitri
Skouroliakos said what was
common between Botswana
and Greece was their
uncompromising principle of
human dignity.

Mr Skouroliakos said this
principle guided the two
countries in defying policies
of human disrespect and in
defying acts of interferance
and violence.

He added that Greece,
which had recently emerged
from the state of under-
development was determined
to use its position in the
European Community and its
experience of development
and its available resources to
come to the assistance of
Botswana.

Mr Skouroliakos said that
acting bilaterally in the
framework of SADCC, “my
Government strongly wishes
to explore the ground, to
enlarge and deepen its
economic cooperation with
the Republic of Botswana.”

JPRS-SSA-385-032
18 April 1985

BOTSWANA



ALLENS WARNED TO STOP FALSIFYING CITLZENSHIP

JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 5 Mar 85 pp 1, 6

[Text]

CSO:

The chief of securi-
ty at the Immigration
Bureau, Col. J. Exodus
Kerdoe, says it is a
crime against the
State for anyone to
falsify Liberian citi-
zenship.

le said hereafter
drastic measures will
be taken against any
alien who goes to the
Foreign Ministry and
falsely claims to be a
Liberian Citizen just
to obt@tn a passport.

He told newsmen in
an interview recently
that “his section had
unearthed alleged dis-
crepancieS in the is-
suance of passports at
the Foreign Ministry
where some Liberians
aid foreigners to
falsefy citizenship.

Col. Kerdoe said
several such persons
who talsefy Liberian
citizenship had been
discovered and arres-
ted. However, he said
because of security
reasons he could not
disclose the names or

3400/837

number of persons ap-
prehended.

He said the act had
mainly been discovered
through concerted
action by the Immigra~
tion Bureau, the
Foreign Ministry and
the Joint Security.

Col. Kerdoe said so
far his section has
received maximum co-
operation from the
passport section which
was reportedly misled
by some Liberians.

He said before a
passport is issued, a
clearance from the Im-
migration Bureau must
be obtained by the
applicant in order to
establish his or her
nationality.

Col. Kerdoe said the
immigration clearance
was necessary to faci-
litate passport offi-
cers at the Foreign
Ministry to -speedily

plement their duties
regarding the identity
of citizens and non-
citizens.

LIBERTA


Group's Stand on Riot Coverage Reported
(THE CITIZEN, 25 Mar 85). .ecceeeeesecceccccsecccccssecesseeee AL

Security Police Reveals Disinformation Used to Discredit Subversives
(Mike Aldridge; THE CITIZEN, 21 Mar 85)...ecceseeecceseceeres 13

Methodist Leader Voices Opposition to Disinvestment
(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 26 Mar 85).....ceceeeeeseseree 15

Plans for Disinvestment Called 'Unchristian'
(THE CITIZEN, 26 Mar 85) ..cceseeceveereeeercccecsesescnsecees I

Afrikaner Academic Warns Economy Could Spark Revolution
(THE CITIZEN, 18 Mar 85)...sessecccccecccccccceccecesceseesee 19

Workers Fired After Staging Solidarity Strike
(THE CITIZEN, 13 Mar 85)...cseceeceecreevecccescercrecererees 80

Cash Drain Dangers Outlined
(THE CITIZEN, 26 Mar 85).......4--

Pressure Exerted To Boycott Spar Stores
(SOWETAN, 11 Mar 85)..

- 82

Murray & Roberts Earnings Drop Expected
(Don Wilkinson; THE CITIZEN, 25 Mar 85).......cseeveecceseree 83

Discrimination Sparks Major Mining Manpower Crisis
(SOWETAN, 22 Mar 85).ceseseccceccceercsecetsreescecsscesssees 85

Striking Miners Return to Work
(Joshua Raboroko; SOWETAN, 25 Mar 85)..seceecsccesevseecetees 87

Indian Farmers Suffering From Group Areas Act
(THE CITIZEN, 14 Mar 85)..ccecsccccecccecesscceereenenee veces 88

KwaZula Fastest Growing Development Point in Nation
(THE CITIZEN, 20 Mar 85). .ceeeccceeecerececccreecceenssereers BF

Closure of Newspapers Deplored
(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 18 Mar 85)....cccsccecccceceeeceeeee OL

Nation's Sportsmen's Return to International Sport Promising
(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 19 Mar 85)...ceceseecersescesseeeree 93

State Urged To Stall New Compulsory School Fees
(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 19 Mar 85)...ceececeeseseceees 9S

Briefs

Students Decide on Organizations 96
Servicemen in Detention 96

-~d-


JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

SOU'TH AFRICA

TWUSA TO FIGHT FOR BLACK SECURITY GUARDS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 22 Mar 85 p 13

{Article by Nkopane Makobane]

[Text]

‘THE Transport Workers’ Union of South Africa, an affiliate of the Trade Union
Council of South Africa, is fighting to end the “slave labour conditions” of black

security guards,

According to Labour
Mirror, a journal of
Tucsa, workers are cur-
tently required to work
a 72-hour week for a
maximum wage of only
R231,83 a month.

Security guards in the
Newcastle area carn
R153,83 a month — less
than 50c an hour — and
women are being em-
ployed in King William’s
Town for R60 a month,
or little more than 19¢
an hour.

The journal further
says black workers in
the industry are subject
to a 1981 Wage Board
determination due to be
reviewed this year. The
union has written to the
Minister of Manpower
urging him to intervene.

“T fail to understand
how the former Minister

“It is blatantly  dis-
criminatory and sup-
ports the worst allega-
tions made by South Af-
rica’s detractors. White
security workers are re-
quired to work only 48
hours a week.

“We cannot see any
possible justification for
claiming that a black
worker must work
longer hours than his
counterpart. Despite the
pitiful wages called for
by the agreement, work-
ers are continuously
being short-changed.

“Employers give them
the responsibility of se-
curity guards but call
them “watchmen” to
justify paying the lowest
possible wages.

“In some cases they
have R46 a month de-
ducted for their hostel

- “It is not uncommon
for some of them to
have to spend an addi-
tional six hours a day
commuting to and from
their assignments. This
can mean leaving their
hostels at 4am and re-
turning as late as 10pm
— missing all meals.

Duty

Once on duty they are
not allowed to leave
their posts, We have had
guards summarily dis-
missed for going to the
toilet, sheltering from
the elements or visiting
a nearby cafe to buy
food. The nett result is
that these workers end
up with a pitiful R50 or
ROO.

“Some of the larger
employees have a more
responsible approach

of Manpower (Mi i —

B ha) Pe ‘id i 7 sp accommodation ~ and pay transport costs
otha) could have pul which is a cement slab in and subsidise the hostel
his signatwie to a decu- a crowded room -- and .

ment which lays down
such primitive working
conditions,” says Ms
Emily Cameron, the
union official leading
the workers’ carupaign
for fairer treatment.

have to pay their own
fares to and from where-
ver they are put on duty.
We have had cases
where a man’s transport
costs have come to more
than R100a month

68

accommodation.”

Ms Cameron says
Tucsa began organising
black security guards
two years ago. Employ-
ers, who are organised
through the South Afri-


NATLONAL, LOCOMOTIVE DRIVERS OPERATE SOUTHERN ROUTE

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 22 Feb 85 p 2

[Text]

cso:

PARLIAMENT: The posts
of Zimbabwe drivers and
guards who were opera-
ting trains on Mahalapye
to Ramatlabama have been
localised by Batswana as
a first step towards the
railway take over, Parlia-
ment was told this week.

Answering a question
from the Member of
Parliament for Tswapong
South, Mr G.G, Sebeso,
the Minister of Works and
Communications, MrColin
Blackbeard, explained that
this section would
continue to be under the
adminstration and opera-
tional control of the
National Railways of
Zimbabwe till the date of
the take over which is
scheduled for January 1,
1987.

He said the question of
compensation would be
decided with the
governments of Zimbabwe
and Zambia who own the
railway in Botswana on
the basis of the unitary
system.

He added that staff on
this section are
employees of the
National Railways
of Zimbabwe since they
still control the section.

He however, said 26

3400/865

23

posts of drivers, 23 guards,
15 shunt men, 4 station
master and 3 station
foremen have been
localised since April 1984
on this section. Adding
that as the section was
under the control of
National Railways of
Zimbabwe, they collect the
rail fares.

Aseparate statement on
the progress of the take-
over would be made later
during the next meeting,
he said.

Mr: Sebeso had asked

the Minister to give a
comprehensive statement
relating to the takeover of
the section of the railway
line from Mahalapye to
Ramatlabama and to say
how much has the govern-
ment paid or was to pay to
Zimbabwe for that section
of the railway.

He also asked the
Minister to say how many
persons, and of what
grades, has our govern-
ment employed in the said
section of the railway line,
and to say how much in
rail fares has Botswana
collected from passengers
who have travelled
between Mahalapye and
Ramatlabama to date since
the takeover was effected.

JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1965

BOTSWANA


JPRS-SSA-85-032

18 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE SUPPORTS PARLIAMENTARY VOTE TO BLACKS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Mar 85 p 12

[Article by Janine Stein]

[Text]

THE Government
should announce its in-
tention to grant the
parliamentary _fran-
chise to Blacks, the
American Chamber of
Commerce in South
Africa- has said in a
memorandum sub-
mitted to the Minister
of Constitutional Plan-
ning and Develop-
ment.

The process of negotia-
tion towards an “appro-
priate political formula”
for South Africa would
also have to include lead-
ers or organisations now
operating in exile, the
memorandum says.

“Amcham accordingly
believes that the organisa-
tions in question should
be legalised and that lead-
ers thereof now in prison
or in exile should be
granted an amnesty, sub-
ject to their agreement to
Participate in lawful
democratic — procedures
and to dissociate them-
selves from violence.”

The American disin-
‘vestment campaign
against South Africa had
to be fought from within
the United States and
cannot be won from
South Africa, the presi-

66

dent of the American
Chamber of Commerce
(Amcham) in South Afri-
ca, Mr Frank Lubke, who
gave details of the Am-
cham memorandum yes-
terday said.

Mr Lubke said yester-
day the disinvestment
campaign was taken
“very seriously” by Am-
cham, which was com-
mitted to relaying rel-
evant information to par-
ent companies in America
to help them fight disin-
vestment.

The Amcham memor-
andum was sent almost
two-weeks ago by Am-
cham to the Minister of
Constitutional Develop-
ment and Planning, Mr
Chris Heunis, “with the
intention of making a
constructive contribution
to the process of policy
formation”, Mr Lubke

The = memorandum,
which was followed by an
invitation by the minister
to send an Amcham del-
egation to a special Cabi-
net committee, includes
submissions on specific
policy issues such as ur-
banisation and influx con-
trol; democratic partici-
pation and negotiation
and consultation.


OFFICERS OF NDPL WOMEN'S BRIGADE JNDUCTED

JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 25 Feb 85 pp 1, 6

[Article by Gus D. Jaeploe]

[Text]

Women can do "just
as much as men for
the economic, social
and political develop-
ment of the country,"
Mrs. Minita Moniba
told officers of the
Women's Special Briga-
de (WSB), of the: Natio-
nal Democratic Party
of Liberia over the
weekend.

Mrs. Moniba, wife
of the Vice President
of the Interim Natio-~

nal Assembly (INA)
made the statement
when — she installed

officers. of the WSB
at the Providence
Island in Monrovia.
Mrs. Moniba Caution-
ed the officers that
"this is the first
time women are attemp—
ting to show that they

can fit within the
"political machinery"
of a party in this

country, and for this,
1 must commend you
very highly for this
bold step."

Mrs. Moniba who per-
formed the ceremony
last Saturday praised

59

the Standard Bearer of
the NDPL, Dr. Samuel
Ke Doe and other
officials of the party
for the “opportunity
afforded wonien to
participate in the
political process of
the country."
Introducing the pro-
gram earlier. "parti-
san" Evelyn S. Mahsuo
described the event
as a historical occa-
sion which will give
to all women of this
nation a renewed hap-
piness coupled with a
sense of purpose, de-
dicatidn and a new
direction under the
banner of the pending
landslide victory of
the NDPL in this
coming October elec-
tions.

In her
address,

inaugural
Miss Jeannet
Waylee stressed the
need to uplift the
standard of Liberian
women, most of whom
are  unlettered and
have minimal exposure
to the principles of
democracy, equality

LIBERTA


JPRS~SSA~85-032
18 April 1985

BUTSWANA

FRG PLAYS MAJOR ROLE IN BUILDING RURAL INDUSTRIES INNOVATION CENTERS

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 25 Feb 85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

KANYE: The Government of
the Federal Republic of
Germany has played an
important role in the building
of Kanye Rural Industries
Innovation Centre (RIC), the
Southern District Council
Chairman, Mrs Kebatshabile
Disele said here on Monday.

She was welcoming 18
councillors from the
Kgalagadi District who had
visited RIIC to learn more
about its operations and
development.

She told them that the
Government of Botswana
managed to build the centre
through the financial and
technical support of the
Government of the Federal
Republic of Germany.

Mrs Disele said that the
centre aimed at starting a
development strategy which
could later be extended to
rural areas. She added that
since its establishment in
1972, the RIIC had shown
remarkable progress.

She requested her
colleagues to encourage
people in the Kgalagadi
District to visit the centre to
see and buy locally produced
goods like the furniture made
at the centre.

The visit of 18 councillors,
she said would strengthen
the friendship between the
Kgalagadi District and the
Southern Distirct councils

Briefing the Councillors,
the RIIC General Manager,
Mr Kitsiso Morei, explained
that RIIC operated under the
umbrella of Rural Industries
Promotions and is aimed at

3400/865

16

developing technology which
could benefit people in the
rural areas.

He said that in 1972, the
Botswana Government
signed a contract with the
Friedrich Ebert Foundation
of West Germany that the
Rural Industries Promotions
should run the RIIC for ten
years, and thereafter the
Botswana Government would
take over.

Mr Morei explained that
the RIIC had three divisions,
namely, the Research and
Development; Extension and
Training, and a Commercia
wing. He said that in the past
10 years, RIIC had developed
over 150 different items.

At present he added the
Research and Development
Division was exploring wind
energy to develop windmills.

He said that it was their
wish that RIIC manufactured
goods should be distributed
to rural areas.

RIIC had donated an
4nimal Drawn Pump and
desalination Plant to Khawa
residents in Kgalagadi
District, and was planning to
make Biogas at Kang, the
councillors were further told.

Explaining the Councillors
visit, the Kgalagadi District
Council Secretary, Mr A.
Ntseane said the visit was to
familiarise the Councillors
with the Centre. He said
Councillors would benefit
from their visit and would
encourage their people to
buy implements made at the
Centre.



GOLD

There is the story about gold. It is
that ina country where gold conjures
charm and affluence, sale of gold is
still against a closed market and any
talk about it is done under whispers
with trepidation and fear, in fact, far
more fearful than any attack of
leprosy. The State Gold Mining Corp-
oration (SGMC) is a wholly-owned
Ghanaian Company which mine and
sell gold from three sites, viz, Prestea,
Tarkwa and Dunkwa, and until
recently, at Konongo.

The SGMC, like all ‘‘State Enter-
prises” is steeped in, and notorious
for, low productivity and inefficiency,
so much so that it is virtually milling to
a complete halt just like the Konongo
Mines just stopped operations all of a
sudden, Many expert opinions see a
major rehabilitation as a way out of
the predicament of the SGMC.

Currently a World Bank loan is
being negotiated for the Tarkwa and
Prestea mines. Several foreign com-
panies are waiting in the wings to cut a
slice of investment. The Mitchell-Cotts
of the UK and the AMAX Mining
Group of the USA have jointly sent a
representative to assess the situation.
The government of Bulgaria has
expressed interest in the re-develop-
ment of the Konongo and Obenemasi
gold mines which had already been
declared shut by the SGMC as being
‘exhausted’ and “‘economically not
viable’’.

Already, UNDP Technical teams
and mining experts from Bulgaria are
due to begin exploratory and prospect-
ing work which will eventually re-
activate the two old mine workings,
Local assistance in this respect will be
offered by the Department of Mining
Engineering of the Kumasi U.S.T.

Still on gold, another US Company,
Major International of Texas, js
teaming up with American-based
Ghanaian businessmen to mine alluvial
gold at Nyafomang in the eastern
region and in the Ankobra river valley
in the western region. The recent
addition to goldmining investment in
the country involving foreign capital is
the Ghana-Libya Mining Company
which has sought and obtained the full
agreement with the State Gold Mining
Corporation to operate a surface
mining venture at Bibiani in the
western region.

33

Ghana, of course, has huge gold
deposits, estimated to be around two
billion fine ounces, out of which only
about 1% have been extracted, accord-
ing to reliable sources close to the
Geological Survey Department. A
major portion of the gold deposits lie
in the reef currently centred at Obuasi
about 60 kilometres from the city of
Kumasi where gold has been mined for
many years.

The Ashanti Goldfields Corporation
(Ghana) Ltd is a partnership between
the government of Ghana with 55%
shareholding and Lonhro Ltd of the
United Kingdom with 45% share,
although Lonhro, in addition, man-
ages the mine on contract through its
subsidiary Lonhro Technical Depart-
ment based in London. The mine at
Obuasi has a large population of
expatriates who enjoy unprecedented
high sterling salaries and housing
privileges.

Still, the AGC (Ghana) Ltd has re-
cently negotiated a $120 million loan
from the International Finance Corp-
oration to expand her operations. The
Lonhro tycoon, Mr Tiny Rowlands,
accompanied by British Conservative
Parliamentarians were in Ghana last
year to sign the agreement for theloan.
The company’s expansion programme
revolves around the giant George
Capendell Shaft and the newly envis-
aged New Justice Shaft located at
Anyinam and Nyankomasu at the
southern periphery of Obuasi township
and which are hoping to increase
AGC’s gold output to 400,000 fine
ounces per annum within five years:

Of course, gold production, even
short of refinery, is an expensive
business and at Obuasi nearly eighty
per cent of all inputs consumed at the
mine for day-to-day operations are
imported and, in fact, there appear to
be many companies in the UK who
could go bust without AGC’s regular
imports, but then that is the nature of

the business. No doubt it takes a
foreign management team with a self-
sustaining Export Department located
in London to handle equipment and
material procurement to keep the mine
working. One can understand the pre-
dicament of the state-owned S.G.M.C.

Ghana has no facility for refining
gold at the moment, and gold pro-
duced in the country is sold to a Swiss
Bank. There have been strenuous



JPRS-SSA-85-032

18 April 1985

GOVERNMENT ADOPTS REFORMS FOR ECONOMIC RECOVERY

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 7 Mar 85 pp 1, 6

[Text]

,and = are

The Liberian Govern-
ment has- decided to
undertake a comprehen-
sive reform and re-
structuring of its
public enterprise sec-
tor.

This was contained
in a "policy statement
on state enterprises"
issued here Wednesday
by the government. The
statement was issued
following several
meetings here "to dis-
cuss trends in the Li-
berian economy and
consider ‘positive and
constructive measures
to facilitate economic
recovery."

The move is aimed
at reducing the size
of the public enter-
prise sector through
“divestiture, and or
restructuring' so that
tt includes those en-
terprises that are es-
sential to the govern-
ment's public services
economically
viable."

1t is also intended
to restore the opera-
tional efficiency and
and financial health

of enterprises remain-
ing in thé public sec-
tor through physical,
financial and manage-
rial reform.

The move is also .in-
tended to establish an
institutdonal and po-
licy environment for
government enterprise
relations. that will
clarify the objectives
which enterprises are
to pursue,making their
boards and managements
accountable for re-

sults, while limiting:

the government's func-
tion to monitoring
performance according
to agreed and speci-
fied criteria.

ENTERPRISE RELATIONS

To. improve the in-
stitutional structure
regulating government/
enterprise relations,
government is to

shortly establish by
decree a Bureau of
State Enterprises

(BASE) as an indepen-
dent agency of govern-
ment.

The policy statement

LIBERIA


cso:

3400/865

economic approach to
meeting the demand.

He said, the present
scattered sites of the local
authorities and Central
Government departments
inhibited the regular contact
and close cooperation which
was important for co-
ordinated rural development.

By bringing the various
local and central government
agencies under one roof,
communication and co-
ordination amongst
themselves was facilitated
and it was also convenient
for dealing with members of
the public, the President said.

The President said that the
centre had 170 rooms
including stores and toilets.
It housed about 20 govern-
ment and council depart-
ments and had a modern
telephone exchange.

Earlier, Dr Masire said that
he intended to go on a
country-wide tour after the
current meeting of Parlia-
ment. He appealed to the
nation to appreciate the fact
that the Budget Meeting of
Parliament was one of the
most crucial meetings of the
year.

19



““"¢nte Chamber of
Mines last year started
talks with 12 mining in-
dustry unions aimed at
reaching an agreed for-
mula to present to the
Government for the
scrapping of statutory
job reservation.

The hassle is reaching
an agreement with es-
tablished unions, espe-
cially the all-white
Mineworkers Union un-
der the conservative Ar-
tie Paulos, which can
see little benefit in sign-
ing away the traditional
rights of its members.

Ultimately, the, Gov-
ernment has the final
say in changing the law,
but has said it is not
going to initiate change
until there is agreement
within the industry.

‘The origins of this tale
go back to the days of
Paul Kruger’s South Af-
rican Republic when
key-jobs underground
were reserved for white
miners. Job reservation
has been entrenched by
legislation since 1911
and was bolstered
through the years by po-
litical clout of white la-
bour.

But change scemed
imminent when the sixth
report of the Wiehahn
Commission was tabled
in Parliament in 1981,

Today, almost four
years later, about 13
skilled job categories --
including the crucial
right to obtain an und
ground blasting certifi-
cate -— are still reserved
for “scheduled persons”
who, by definition; can-
not be black.

Dangers Outlined

CSO:

In his latest chair-
man’s statement to the
shareholders of East
Rand Propriety Mines
(ERPM) and Durban
Roodepoort Deep, he
says it is hoped that em-
ployees can resolve this
problem without Gov-

ernment intervention,

but if an agreement is
not reached shortly,
such intervention could
be unavoidable.

A Spokesman for
Anglo American, own-
ers of most gold and coal
mines in South Africa,
said that they were com-
mitted to scrapping job
reservation in all mines
owned by the company

For this reason, the
spokesman added, the
company has embarked

3400/870

on a scheme of training
blacks for senior posi-
tions. Most black miners
underground do the job
that’s supposed to be
done by whites, includ-
ing preparing explosives
for blasting.

The Wiehahn Com-
mission’s basic recom-
mendation was that the
Mines and Works Act
-be amended to replace
the racial definition of
“scheduled person” with
anon-racial definition of
“competent person.”

The Government ac-
cepted the recommen-°
dation, but handed the
issue back to the mining
industry to sort out
among themselves -—
with the provision that
agreement be reached

86

within “reasonable
time.”

Since then there has
been lack of progress to-
wards the scrapping of
job reservation in the
mines.

The chairman of the
gold “and uranium divi-
sion of Rand Mines, Mr
Clive Knobs, says that
the country has an acute
‘shortage of skilled work-
ers,and it is for this rea-
gon that the majority of
skilled white workers
need not fear for their
future.

He says however, un-
less opportuni
provided fo
trained and q
black workers to pro
ss, the future for all
could be very bleak.



JPRS ‘S-SSA~B5~.03:
2
18 April jogs

GHANA

UNLONS URGED TO POLITICALLY EDUCATE WORKERS
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 7 Mar 85 p 1

[Text] MR Kwame Karikari,
Lecturer at the School
of Journalism and lam i’ any

ate . ningful impact in society,
Racist aie fe they. must organise effec
i. 7 + he tively an truggle
om, jhas called on the against any system that
grese (TUC) to embark 's not in the interest of
IC) workers.
on 8 politica! educa- Mr P. B, Arthiabah,
re on, acting Head of the Orga.

He said for the working
class to make any mea-

what goes on in the. nisation Department of +
society. the TUC, said the work-

He said as long as the ing conditions of workers
working class is not in the would not improve until
forefront of politics, they they are able to wield!
will continue to become political power.
recipients of mere bene- He said because of the

volence through collecti-

Mistaken, perpetual inflation in the

economy, the purchasing
power of the worker

Mr Karikari was would not improve “un-
speaking on “Ghana, the til the working people
struggle for genuine in-
dependence and the role

me other way".

of working people” at a The December 3} Re-
symposium arganised by. volution, he said, gave
the Political Department some, indication of what
of the TUC to comme- workers’ power could he,
morate the 28th anniver- adding that “total power
sary celebrations of the can only be achieved if

" kers unite on all

independence of Ghana
at the TUC Conference
Hall in Accra on Tues- ov
day. st

and forge ahead in
suance of their inter:

CSO: 3400/841

40


CASH DRAIN DANGERS OUTLINED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 26 Mar 85 p 10

[Text]

CSO:

3400/870

LABOUR and_ business.
leadership expert profes-
sor Nic Wichahn said in
Pretoria yesterday that
disinvestment of Ame:
can capital and expertise
could in South Africa
have disastrous conse-
quences, not only for the
Republic, but for the
West as well.

Prof Wichahn said dis-
investment appeared to
contradict the entire Sulli-
van code of conduct.

But one of the most
dire consequences of dis-
investment in the context
of the East-West conflict
situation would be the
diminishing “role of
Americ: influence in
Southern Africa.

“Not only would this be
dangerous for the West.
but it also ignores an im-
portant point made by the

omic Co-operati
Development.
“And this is that multi-
national companies of the
developed and industrial
world should be encour-

81

aged to operate in the
smaller and still devel-
oping economic world.
“The reason is that
these multinationals.
could act as import,
‘conduits for chi
the socio-economic and
socio-political systems of
most countries.” he said.
In fact. the contribu-
tion whi
could make to education
economic — and social
upliftment of the people
of the host country was
one of the main objec-
tives of the OECD.
Disinvestment from
South Africa would leave
a vacuum which would
certainly be filled.
And we need to
speculate much, within
the context of West-East
relations, who and what
will roll into that gap.”
“Not necessirily a di-
rect Russian influence,
but certainly an influence
of not a very pro-Ameri-
can or Pro-Western Euro-
pean kind.” Prof Wie-
hahn said.

JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



cso:

3400/837

ciation to officials
of the Foreign Mini-
stry, and especially
to Minister Eastman
for revitalizing the
Foreign Service Insti-
tute, which had been
inactive for a couple
of years.

Colonel Bedell noted
that in past years the
Liberian Forcégn Ins-
titute was so active
and reputable that
students from other
West African countries
came here to study
diplomacy ahd interna-
tional relations.

He then appealed to
officials of the
Foreign Ministry to
fully support the pro-
gram = so that the
institute can once
again attain its past
standard. +

Mr. Bedell further
thanked the instruc-
tors and all who ‘made
the course a success,
especially Father New-
berry of, the St.
Patrick's High School
for making the
school's facilities
available to the class
for the six-month
period.

The certificates
were given to the gra-
duates by the Deputy
Mi'jster of Foreign
A airs, Christopher
Minikon.

58


PRESSURE EXERTED TO BOYCOTT SPAR STORES

JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 11 Mar 85 p 3

[Text ]

CSO:

INTERNATIONAL and local organisations are
putting pressure on the W G Brown group, sole
owners of the Spar franchise in South Africa, to
reinstate 143 workers dismissed from Spar su-
permarkers in Durban and Pictermaritzburg
four months ago. .

The workers went on strike in December last year
in support of demands for union recognition and
higher wages. Talks between the Spar and the Com-
mercial, Catering and Allied Workers’ Union
(CCAWUSA) broke down and the workers were
summarily dismissed.

CCAWUSA has called for a boycott of all Spar ”

outlets and other subsidiaries of the Brown Group
throughout South Africa and the dismissed workers
have been mounting pickets at Spar supermarkets
since December.

Knowles outlets and Pichdens in Hillcrest are not
affected by the boycott.

Union members have been visiting WG Brown’s
customers, especially shopkeepers in the townships,
urging them to cut ties with the group until the dis-
pute is settled to the satisfaction of the dismissed
workers.

The workers have also taken their plight to
churches, appealing for support from congregations
at scrvices.

Thousands of stickers and pamphlets are also be-
ing distributed by the union at bus ranks and mcet-
ings. Various political, sport and community organi-
sations have pledged their support for the workers.

The company has countered by issuing pamphlets

3400/870

82

to customers telling them about the “true facts” be-
hind the strike.

‘The general secretary of the International Union
of Food and Allied Workers’ Association (IUF),
Dan Gallim, said in a letter to Mr A R Maclean, W
G Brown’s executive director, this weck that it was
disappointing that relations between W G Brown
and CCAWUSA had deteriorated.

“Calling in police who harass pickets is not con-
ducive to building good industrial relations. No
union can accept ‘selective employment’ of mem-
bers fired in reprisal for exercising the internation-
ally-recognised right to withold labour in support of
a grievance,” Mr Gallin said.

“We urge you to meet the union and initiate a
process of bargainin, and in good faith on
recognition and other issues in dispute.”

Mr MacLean complained to Mr Gallin that, in
spite of “repeated requests” by his company, CCA-
WUSA had failed to produce an authenticated copy
of their constitution indicating that membership
“was open to African ‘coloureds’ and Indians.”

“They have also failed to verify union mem-
bership among our employees,” Mr MacLean said.

“Important concessions made by us in good faith
were withdrawn in August 1984 following the
union’s continued unwillingness to meet our rea-
sonable requests.”

Mr MacLean said they were prepared to discuss
selective employment with CCAWUSA if the union
would accede to the company’s “reasonable re-
quest.”



JERS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

ZIMBABWE

MINES STILL FACE SHORTAGES OF KEY PERSONNEL
Harare THE HERALD in English 19 Mar 85 p 3

[Text] THE mines are still facing shortage of personnel at managerial and
technical levels and the situation will be worse if there is development, the
chief executive of the Chamber of Mines, Mr Derek Bain, said yesterday.

There were also shortages at middle managerial and technical levels. At the
same time there was a surplus below the skilled levels, Mr Bain told The
Herald in an interview.

The mines would not be able to recruit unskilled labour until there were new
projects in the industry. "At the moment there are no training facilities for
higher managerial and technical levels."

Mr Bain appreciated the efforts being made by the Government and the mines in
training middle managerial and technical personnel. Besides the Government's
training programme, the mines were taking on between 500 and 600 apprentices a
year.

The department of mining engineering at the University of Zimbabwe would help
solve the higher managerial and technical manpower problem when it starts
offering degrees. But the course would last for four years.

Labour relations and discipline among workers had improved because of the
increased responsibility shown by the workers' committees and works councils.
"There is a great improvement in relations between employer and employee
although there are a few areas of conflict."

He praised efforts made by Government leaders in helping instil a sense of
responsibility, discipline and productivity among the workers.

There was an improvement in the revenue and cash flow. All stockpiles of
minerals had been sold and all production was now going into sales.

This year would see further improvement in the mining industry if the present
operating costs were maintained. There were better sales and metal prices.

CSO: 3400/864

117



JPRS-SSA~-85-032
18 April. 1985

BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

RADIOS FOR LOCAL POLICE--PARLIAMENT--It is desirable to install Radios similar
to those used by council clinics forthe local police in the district villages
to communicate with their headquarters for improved communication, the Minis-—
ter of Local Government and Lands, Mr Lesedi Mothibamele told the Parliament
this week. He was answering a question from the Member of Parliament for Sho-
shong, Mr G. S. Mosinyi on Tuesday. The Minister however said, his Ministry
was making efforts to provide the Tribal Administration with minimum facili-
ties like offices. He added that progress on this matter might not be as
smooth as was desirable due to financial constraints. Mr Mothibamele promised
that as soon as the problem of office accommodation had been alleviated, the
installation of radios would be considered. At the moment, he said, the local
police officers are wherever possible, free to use radios in council clinics
to transmit messages quickly. Mr Mosinyi had asked the Minister whether he
would not consider it appropriate to install radios similar to those of coun-
cil clinics to be used by the local police in the district villages to com-
municate with their headquarters as to improve communication net-work which
was almost non-existent. [Text] [Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 22 Feb 85 p 2]

CSO: 3400/865

27



in serious difficulty, could bear the burdens. But in the 1970's, the first
oil shortage and the world crisis, followed in Africa by a series of induced
coups, scattered the fleet and the exceedingly light craft cracked with the
first storm winds,

What was that fragile, fragmented Africa to cling to? Its great "historic"
leaders disappeared or floundered in the failure of their administrative.

Such was the case of N'Krumah in Ghana, the father and cantor of Pan Africanism,
who praised the "United States" of the continent, but did not know how to

keep books. Or Tanzanian Julius Nyerere, the famous "Mwalimu" (school teacher)
of "African socialism," now president of a bankrupt OAU and a country coming
apart. Others lost all good sense by trusting in ideologies. Sekou Toure,
having been received at the White House, is presented by Richard Nixon
("Leaders," Plon) in a charming passage: "He was a warm and charming man, but
also a convinced Marxist who tried to apply that formula to Guinea with the
results that could be foreseen."

To these ravages of the ideological "ready-to-wear," one must add a few undoub-
tedly inevitable paranoias and deviancies that are picturesque when one does
not have to suffer through them, the most spectacular one to date remaining
the Central African "Empire." But even those who chosen economic liberalism
generally forget its political aspect, placing in the service of a deified
president the single party, the fake backbone of that "soft state" of which
economist Gunnar Myrdal speaks.

How could the OAU, the gathering of crippled sovereignties, have fulfilled its
vast mission? In a most revealing fashion, it used up its strength on secon-
dary problems and brought off the feat of seriously dividing a large number of
states scarcely worthy of the name. The matter of the Saharan Arab Republic,
a Maghrebian quarrel of little interest to the Blacks, led the organization to
the brink of collapse. Was the game worth the candle? "We know," King Hassan IL
said one day with his inimitable shrewd sincerity concerning the rivalry with
Algeria, the backdrop to the entire affair, "that all that is truly the quin-
tessence of stupidity and has to come to an end as quickly as possible for the

good of our two peoples." In the meantime, all Africa has become enmired in
the quagmire.

The only one to have real power in this weakened unit, the South African Republic
has in recent years been able to dictate peace on its own conditions. Already,
despite much boasting, it had discreet relations with many countries. Backed

by such alliances and above all, American support, it last year dismantled

the "front line." Angola and Mozambique, worn out by civil war; put their
Marxism in their pockets to make the first compromises. Botswana, Zambia and
Zimbabwe are at the discretion of the regime of apartheid.

At the same time -- and this is not the least painful of the African bad luck --
the internal. evolution of southern Africa largely commands the destiny of the
continent. If the 5 million Whites finally share the power they have seized,
Kodjo is right in dreaming of the relaunching of a Pan Africanism finally
amounting to more than talk. But, in a climate of tension and latent war, one
has great difficulty seeing how humiliated and impoverished nations could
"organize to constitute a power with which the world would have to reckon."
Without a great common design, at any rate, it will be as difficult to emerge
from their hell as it is for the rich man of the Gospel to get into heaven!

11,464 3
CSO: 3419/335



cso

lution and the positive
gains achieved as at now

He mentioned the
provements of the fuel and
food situation, increased
industrial production, sa
laries and) wages. r
adjustment, the re.
stocking of goods inshops
and markets and appealed
to them to appreciate the
efforts of the government
and continue to defend the
ideals of the revolution to
enable the governmentTMto
achieve its goal.

He then warned soldiers:
to desist from assisting
friends and relatives in
clearing. goods from our
ports of entry without
ving duties and taxes.

fle also warned troops
against collection of priv
te debts of relatives and
friends, This, he said,
should be left to the courts.

On national security, he
called on the troops to be
alert, loyal and -to ensure
proper custody and care of
their weapons at all tim
since the loss of one’s wea-
pon, could result in
dismissal from the Force

"Phe Force Sergeant Ma-
jor appealed to all ranks
who were still keeping
weapons and ammunition
at home to return them to
their various units for
proper maintenance. He

3400/841

42

warned that anyone
caught during searches
would be severely dealt
with.

On participation in CDR
projects and programmes.
the Foree Sergeant Major
complained of the indiffe-
rent attitude of units when
asked) to participate in
CDR projects. In most c
ses only young soldiers
were detailed to these pro-
jects without being led by

yCOs,

Te appealed to both
Commissioned Officers
and NCOs to lead the jue
nior ones to these ‘project
areas and portray their
leadership qualities by
participating meaning-
were vital to
of all of them.

He asked everybody to
support the CDK executi-
ve in their efforts to assist
Commanding Officers and
Officers Commanding int
keeping barracks and work
places clean,

He also appealed to the
Armed Forces wives to co-
operate with their hus-
hands at home to enable
them to concent
their military duties
indicated hi

‘ s intention of
meeting then in future to
discuss matters affecting



a doubt, expansion of the desert and the regular return of the "lean calves"
to the Sahel are formidable and well-known phenomena. However, the way in
which Africa has faced the scourge is perhaps even more worrisome. The least
one can say is that in recent months, it has not been up-to the threat.

The Sudan, obsessed by the "Islamic" concern over cutting off thieves’ hands
and hanging heretics, has denied the catastrophe to the end, virtuously denounc-
ing the "fables" of newsmen, The essential thing was to impose the Koran on
the Christian or animistic South. Ethiopia sounded the alarm earlier but, for-
getting the torrents of insults once hurled at the Emperor, accused of responsi-
bility for another albeit less serious famine, the new masters in Addis Ababa
have continued to import weapons and Mercedes first! Wanting above all to
convert the people to Marx and bring the rebel provinces to their knees, they
jeer at those who come to help them in their trials. In order to kill off the
rebel fish, perhaps they think that the drought is not such a bad idea, as

long as it empties the fishbowl!

Finally, the regional organizations, in a bureaucratic nap bordering on catalepsy,
demonstrate their impotence. Continental solidarity scarcely plays a role.

In the part of Africa that has been spared, where has ‘anyone seen sumptuous
spending cut or superfluous investments deleted?

At the close of 10 years of crisis, starvation has confirmed what everyone
already knew. The record of independence is somber. Most nations created

a quarter of a century ago are not viable. Civic-mindedness is yet to be born
in many. The possible solutions: law-dispensing Zorros like Captain Rawlings
in Ghana, magic Marxist or socialist potions, the advent of military strong men,
have not substantially modified a situation largely having to do with the very
structure of fragile, improvised nations. Finally, the elites have not always
played their role. So much have they paraded in the international forums,
feasted at banquets in presidential palaces, traveled Boeing first class, and
to do so, put so much pressure on the peasants for the benefit of government
employees that the malgoverno, as the Italians call it, has done sometimes
irreparable damage. :

Quintessence of Stupidity

In the southern Sahara, outside of the Nigerian giant and the South African
Hercules, a pleiad of dwarfs furnishes statistics with 30 of the 40 poorest
nations on the planet. As in the "International," which some have entoned,
furthermore, they had all taken as their slogan, with the obliging aid of the
colonizer: "We are nothing; let us be everything." . Whence the dismantlement,
now so obviously catastrophic, of the great colonial ensembles of East and West
Africa, to the profit of little constructions vacillating on their shaky founda-
tions. "Indelible scars of history," for Houphouet-Boigny, now "intangible
borders," the totally theoretical lines that limited the bush tours of

the gentlemen governors have become holier than the Oder and the Neisse.

The frogs have quickly become as fat as the colonial cow. Each "nation state"
had to have its own university. Study somewhere else? - Impossible! Plus its
civil service, its army, its diplomacy. A few, such as the Ivory Coast, now


It is not a secret that as part of the "constructive engagement" policy of the
United States, Washington would want to see more "engagement" between African
countries and the Pretoria regime.

Whilst the Americans argue that this will make it possible for a dialogue to
take place and thereby convince Pretoria to change its ways, the majority of
the African countries are convinced that the opposite of this will be the
result.

If as a result of American pressure, some African countries begin to receive
the South African authorities, this will have the effect of splitting not only
the OAU but the whole anti-apartheid front whilst at the same time dealing a
bitter blow to the liberation movements in South Africa and Namibia.

In one respect, Botha's trip to East Africa was a "success". Some western
reports have detailed a secret agreement between Somalia and South Africa.
According to these reports Somalia is to give landing and refuelling rights to
South African planes at Mogadishu airport. More ominously there is reported
indication that the South Africans may have obtained rights to use Somalian
territory for military purposes.

Approaches are said to have been made to some countries to receive South
African delegations and possibly begin diplomatice dialogue. Countries
mentioned include Gabon, Zaire, Malawi, Morocco, Ivory Coast, Zambia and
Swaziland.

It would be unfortunate if any of these countries should give in to South
African and American entreaties. This would be a set-back to the great
efforts being made by the progressive international community and cause
irreparable damage to the OAU.

The nature of the pressure on independent countries in Africa from Pretoria
and its allies can be very subtle but intense.

Recently the President of the Association of Africa Lawyers, Mr Benoit Ngom
reported that the Camerounian authorities refused to allow his organisation to
hold an anti-imperialist event in that country despite earlier promises that
it would host the event. Cameroun had even agreed to participate in the
event.

According to Mr Ngom, in July 1984 he received permission from the Camerounian
Minister of Justice to organize the international seminar against apartheid.

Despite the preparations for the seminar, by the eve of the opening date no
official confirmation of the permission had been given, Eventually the per-
mission was refused by the Office of the President.

Needless to say this was distressing to the liberation movements which were to
attend as well as the international organizations and countries which were to
take part. Is it possible that pressure had been put on the Camerounians by
Pretoria or Someone working on her behalf?

36


JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

ZIMBABWE

WEST GERMAN AID FOR PROVINCIAL PROJECTS
Harare THE HERALD in English 19 Mar 85 p 3

[Text] ZIMBABWE and West Germany yesterday signed three agreements worth
$770 000 formalisting the grant aid for projects in drought relief and latrine
construction that have been completed.

The Minister of Finance, Economic Planning and Development, Dr Bernard Chid-
zero, and the West German Ambassador, Baron Frantz von Mentzingen, signed the
agreements for programmes in the Masvingo and Manicaland provinces.

.The first agreement of $150 000 had enabled the construction of 4 000 latrines
of the Blair-vented improved latrine type in the two provinces, as well as the
installation, on an experimental basis, of one composite latrine.

The other agreements were for $121 000 emergency funds for drought aid and an
additional $500 000 for the continuation of drought relief programmes to the
provinces.

Cde Chidzero noted that Bonn had also given about $1.6 million in other grants
towards improving the food situation in the two provinces, which had been the
most seriously affected by the drought. The money had also benefited dis-
placed Mozambicans.

Germany had responded positively to Zimbabwe's request for drought relief and
3 000 tonnes of wheat had arrived in the country in January as part of that.

Cde Chidzero said an exceptional thing about the agreements was that all the
financial resources had to date been fully disbursed because West Germany had
understood the financial difficulties Zimbabwe was facing.

Baron von Mentzingen expressed satisfaction at the way the projects had been

carried out. His country was eager to continue helping Zimbabwe because of
the close relationship between the two countries.

CSO: 3400/864

116


JPRS-SSA-35~032
18 April 1985

BOTSWANA

LACK OF FUNDS FORCES CLOSING OF KRDA

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 22 Feb 85 p 1

[Article by Larona Sedimo]

[Text] SALAJWE~-The Kweneng Bophirima branch of the Kweneng Rural. Develop-

ment Association (KRDA) closed down its business last year because it had run
out of funds, the Manager of the branch, Mr B. Mabiletsa explained here this

week,

Addressing a kgotla meeting, Mr Mabiletsa said the closure came after the
board of trustees had recommended that the management of the association be
replaced by a new one since the old one was said to be ineffective in running
the brigades.

While this recommendation was being considered, the financial situation deter-
iorated to the extent where some of the activities had to be suspended.

"The situation was so bad that we even failed to pay our employees who had by

then been retrenched," said the manager.

them for their leave days.

cso:

3400/865

After long negotiations, the
Canadian Volunteer Service
Organisation indicated that
it could provide the services
of a new coordinator for the
association. The association's
accountant, had to be
elevated to the position of
the General Manager.

The Canadian Volunteer
Services also pledged
P15 000 to pay the Genera!

15

Manager who would ensure
some activities were kept
running.

Mr Mabiletsa told the
Salajwe residents that the
association was not a
Property of Takatokwane
where it was located. He
askéd them to select two
people who could represent
the village in the board of
directors.

They could not even compansate



CANDIDATFRS WANTED FOR SOVIET SCHOLARSHIPS

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 7 Mar 85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

3400/867

THE Ministry of Education
invites applications from
suitably qualified Batswana
to pursue studies at higher
educational establishments.

Applicants should at least
have passed Cambridge
Overseas School Certificate
or its equivatent with credits
in Maths and Science subject
and a pass in English
Language. Manpower priority
has been given to various
fields:-

These fields of study
include Medicine, Stoma-
tology (Dentistry), Pharmacy,
Agrochemistry & Soil
Science, Veterinary Science,
Farm machinery, Archi-
tecture, Industrial & Civil
Engineering, Water Supply

10

& Sewerage Engineering,
Railways Construction and
Maintenance, Meteorology,
Radio Engineering, Aircraft

Radio Instrument
Maintenance, Electrical
Engineering.

Applications from serving
officers must pass through-
their heads of departments
and employers. Candidates
must not be more than 25
years. Interval between
completion of school
education and admission to
study in the Soviet Union
should not be more than three
years.

Applications should reach

the Bursaries Secretary not
later than April 1, 1985.

UPRS-SSA-85~-032
18 April 1985

BOTSWANA


Cadet Training 96
Bophuthatswana Harassing Non-Tswanas 96
‘Venda Not One~Party State! 97
Colored MPS Not Effective 97
Anti-Draft Views Wanted 97
Helicopter Plunge Kills Policeman 97
Communications Complains 98
Natal-Mozambique Fishing Agreement 98
Women Beat National Candidates 98
Sacos Slams Sport Declaration 98
GWUSA Slammed 99
GWUSA Strike 99
SAPPI Expansion 99
Police Account Opposed 100
CSIR Manager Transferred 100
Apartheid's Budgetary Impact 100
Promotions in SAAF 101

SWAZILAND

Briefs

Detention Orders Renewed 102

TANZANIA

Briefs

Oil Drilling to Commerce 103
Soviet Medical Aid 103

ZAMBIA

Swedish Coops Offer Agricultural Aid, Advice

(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 2 Mar 85).. seeceereseeeee 104

ZIMBABWE

Information Secretary Discusses Party's Stance on Elections
(Nathan Shamuyarira Interview; MOTO, No 32, Mar 85)........ 106

Growing Corruption Scandals Within Government, Causes Reported
(MOTO, No 32, Mar BS) ec ee cece cee ee cece ceeceeceeeeceecencus 109

Labor Bill Causing Alarm in Several Quarters
(MOTO, No 32, Mar 85) cece ce ceeceececteveccecceccecseeseces LIL

Fifty Top ZAPU Men Vanish
(THE SUNDAY STAR, 10 Mar 85).......eccceeeccececceeceeceece 113

Swedish Trade May Increase
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 17 Mar 85)...cccccccccccceccecesccecceces 114



INFORMATION SECRETARY DISCUSSES PARTY'S STANCE ON ELECTIONS

Gweru MOTO in English We 32, Max 85 pp 3-4

JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

ZIMBABWE

{Interview with Nathan Shamuyarira, ZANU-PF secretary for information and

publicity; date and place not specified]

MOTO: What do you see as the major issues for the next general
elections?

Shamuyarira: The major issue for ZANU will be to underscore the
achievements of the last $ years. We have an impressive record
and the people want this work continued. The people have now
made gains in education, health, social services, agriculture, in-
dustry; the army has been successfully reorganized and we have
managed to attain good race relations.

‘The attainment of independence was the major gain for the
people. The peopl¢ now have power and we don’t want the gains
of the people to be lost; these gains must now be consolidated,
and we must now concentrate on advances in the economic field.
The people have political power, now they must attain economic
power.

MOTO: What will be the party’s stance on economic issues, and to
what extent will economic issues figure in the campaign?

Shamuyarira: Economic independence is now the battle before us,
as well as managing our economy for the benefit of the broad
masses. The economy is still in the hands of foreign interests,
especially in the mining industry where the control is more pro-
nounced. We would like the economy to be controlled, managed
and run by Zimbabweans. We also need to create more institu-
tions to help move in this direction to enable people to participate
more. This will be the task of the next decade.

MOTO: To what extent do you think the party will address itself to
the problem of unemployment and, has the party Sormulated a
strategy to create more employment in Zimbabwe?

Shamuyarira: Unemployment is a big problem which has been
brought about by two things, the drought and the economic reces-
sion. Because of these factors, the job market has not expanded
over the past two years, We plan to address ‘the issue of
unemployment by the establishment of more cooperatives and en-
couraging people to go into agriculture.

There has been some success in agriculture because peasant
agriculture has improved. Last year, peasant farmers grew 40
percent of the maize and 60 percent of the cotton. Agriculture is
an area of large employment opportunities for people. Also ex-
pansion of industry and commerce will provide more jobs, but
this depends on total peace and stability in the country. For
example, as you know, many factories in Bulawayo closed and
companies went elsewhere because of the situation in the area.

106


cso:

Schade: In Angonia theré are first-hand
stories from people who were at road
construction camps on the Malawian
border at night in the area. These people
heard helicopters coming and two hours
later there was a big attack on the camp;
the helicopters then went off in the direc-
tion of Malawi.

People also come into the district from
Malawi supplying lifelines to the MNR
camps in the district. Once our domestic
worker was kidnapped and forced to
carry supplies to MNR by people who
had come over from Malawi.

Malawi is used as a step by the main
supporters of MNR. The Malawian
government is not fully aware of what's
happening but at the moment they are on
line with South African policy, Also,
Israeli intelligence is very active in
Malawi. It is like a lion out of control.

Frederikse: What other direct evidence do
you have to support the Malawian con-
nection?

Schade: It was never so bad or hectic as it is
now. Hardly any trucks are passing on
the Tete-Angonia road. People are kid-
napped to transport goods from Malawi
into the drought-stricken area of Tete.
Light aircrafts coming from the direction
of Malawi fly over the area constantly.

At the end of December, there was an
attack on a state-farm based in Angonia
whose headquarters is on the Malawian
border. The attack occurred during mid-
day and the people escaped into the direc-
tion of Malawi.

In February of this year, the Malawi
commander-general visited and denied
any invasions into Mozambique, but he
later had to admit in the face of so much
evidence that they couldn’t control the
area because it is very mountainous. This
area is used as a supply and invasion terri-
tory.

An important point though is that the
MNR is not popular with the population.

3400/838

65

The people are scared of them. The peo-
ple avoid MNR and they avoid Frelimo;
they are crushed between two elephants.
But I think Frelimo has the best intention
with the people.

Frederikse: What is MNR strategy? How
has the war changed?

Schade: MNR now is much more focused
on every single thing that moves, whereas
in the past MNR focused on projects and
government institutions, Hardly any cars
pass now on the roads.

There is massacring and slaughtering
of the villagers, They come into the vil-
lages and announce that they are MNR
and that the villagers must abandon
Frelimo structures; they also tell the peo-
ple not to go into Malawi. Asa warning,
they kill a complete family with knives,

The people are absolutely flabbergast-
ed and don’t know how to interpret this

whole thing. These indicate an enormous
change in tactic.

The people in Angonia now flee to
Malawi. Some are well-received by the
Malawian village headmen but criticized
by the Malawian party structure. The
Malawian government is resettling the
Mozambicans in new constructed villages
and they are also used as cheap labour
force. But the people will move back into
Angonia as soon as possible.

Frederikse: What did you expect? Were you

nervous when you went back?

Schade: There was enormous hope when I

left because of Nkomati but this has now
gone. It is more difficult now to see any
hope, especially among people with good
intentions. The government people have
slowed down too in the villages, as they
see how the MNR war is gaining strength.
So they do their main task and leave the
rest. For our work we could no longer go
to the cooperatives because they were
abandoned and are in MNR areas. Q



TEXTILE EXPORT INDUSTRIES CRIPPLED BY MARKET CRISIS

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 6 Mar 85 p 2

[Text]

cso:

PARLIAMENT; If the current
problems of trade between
Botswana and Zimbabwe
persist, a large number of
industries face closure which
can lead to severe un-
employment especially in the
northern area, the Minister
of Commerce and Industry,
Mr Moutlakgola Nwako told
Parliament last week.

Speaking during the debate
of the Appropriation Bill, Mr
Nwako said that the
manufacturing sector was
facing a problem in trading
with Zimbabwe.

He stated that many
industries, especially in
Francistown, which have
been established over the past
few years export mainly to
neighbouring countries, with
Zimbabwe as the main
customer,

He however said that the
recent change in Zimbabwe's
rules of origin had introduced
an element of uncertainty
among many local industrial
enterprises.

“Zimbabwean customs
officials have advised most
of our industries that their
products do not qualify for
export to Zimbabwe under
the new rules of origin,” Mr
Nwako said.

He informed the House that
latest reports indicated that
some industries had already
closed down, adding that the
government was aware of the
seriousness of the situation

3400/867

20

and had taken up the issue
with the Zimbabwe au-
thorities.

“We have suggested that
the materials of either country
which are used in the
manufacture of a given
product in either country be
accepted as local materials
in the process of determining
the origin of agiven product,”
said Mr Nwako.

“We remain convinced that
this approach would not only
strengthen our relations by
promoting a healthy two-way
trade between Botswana and
Zimbabwe but that it would
considerably reduce the
current uncertainties and
difficulties among our
enterprises who export to
Zimbabwe,” the House was
alsotold. _

He expressed hope that a
mutuality of interests would
prevail over shortsighted and
negative tendencies that
could undermine trade
relations.

Mr Nwako also told
Parliament that his ministry
was further concerned by
delays experienced in the
Clearance of those firms
which otherwise qualify
according to the new rules of
origin. He felt that these
delays and inconveniences
caused further financial
hardships to local companies
which might lead to
disruptions in trade with
Zimbabwe.

JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

BOTSWANA


Returned

Four of the Portuguese who arrived on Saturday were captured in Kafunfo, while
the other was taken hostage from a diamond mine somewhere else in the province
according to a spokesman from the Portuguese Embassy. They returned to Portu-
gal last night.

The cargo supervisor of the Hercules, 23-year-old Mr Paul Huggins, will return
to his home in Surrey, England, with his parents, Mr and Mrs Tony Huggins, on
Tuesday evening.

The others said they would probably be returning to their homes, but no
definite plans had yet been made.

CSO: 3400/863


Mr Monwela urged the Government to assist people using sprinklers, irrigation
and other modern farming technology in agricultural production.

Commenting on the Financial Assistance Policy (FAP), Mr Monwela said that it
had progressed well despite the fact that there were a number of problems in
its implementation.

He noted that because the FAP administration was extremely rigid, many people
were not able to benefit from the policy.

The MP complained about the announcement that Selebi-Phikwe would be regarded
as a rural area for FAP purposes and argued that other urban areas would
request similar benefits.

Mr Monwela criticised the use of the word 'rural' when referring to Selebi-
Phikwe.

The MP also complained about the information on the failure of the Kgaswe Coal
Project. He said the Parliament should have been informed earlier on the de-
velopment there.

The MP for Shoshong, Mr Goareng Mosinyi spoke at length on the creation of
employment in the rural areas in order to curb urban migration.

He said it was impossible to expect people to remain in the rural areas when
there were no employment opportunities.

Mr Mosinyi also discouraged temporary employment because it did not solve
unemployment problems since it was just a temporary remedy.

He advised that communication between the urban and rural areas be improved
drastically, and complained of the narrow roads with deep dongas at the side.

Mr Mosinyi said roads like these were a hazard and argued that rural develop~
ment could not be achieved without an improvement in the communication system.

Also speaking in Parliament today, the MP for Mochudi Mr Greek Ruele expressed
gratitude that steps had been taken to safeguard the numerous problems being
experienced in Selebi-Phikwe.

Mr Ruele noted that the failure of themine to make a profit had caused the
Government a number of problems related to employment for the number of peo~
ple working there.

The MP asked how long Selebi-Phikwe would be regarded as a rural area for FAP
purposes.

Mr Ruele also urged the Ministry of Works and Communications to take into

consideration the accommodation of railway staff as many are still housed in
tin shacks which are unsuitable for human habitation.

25



CSO:

3400/849

But the intent is there, and should help our
friends in sport abroad to help us.

We say to the sports bodies concerned: You
have started something of which you can
justly be proud.

What you ‘arc pledged to do is of inestimable
valuc to your fellow citizens of colour. They
will benefit long before we return to internat-
ional sport. But like every other worthwhile
reform, what is done for our people and for
our own country is of paramount concern,
more so than any overseas accolades.

Acceptances of your bona fides, of your genu-
ine intentions of helping to give sportsmen
and women equal opportunities on and off
the field, will come in time. Of that you can
be sure.

Meanwhile, we give you our own commenda-
tion: Well done.

94


STRIKING MINERS RETURN TO WORK

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 25 Mar 85 p 3

[Article by Joshua Raboroko]

{Text ]

CSO:

3400/870

MOST of the 42 000
black miners on strike at
the world’s largest gold-
mine, Anglo American’s
Vaal Reefs, yesterday
Started returning to
work while the National
Union of Mineworkers
has warned management
not to involve police in
the labour dispute.

Anglio’s spokesman
said that the morning
shift reported and the
situation was back to
normal and calm follow-
ing last week’s outbreak
of violence,

About 42000 mem-

dersofithe NUM

downed tools last Thurs-
jay and continued their
ndustrial action on Fri-
Jay over pay and a num-
ver of other issues, in-
Juding the dismissal
snd recognition of shaft
tewards and’ a shaft
teward agreement.
However, the NUM
‘as said-that 35 of their
members were shot and
wounded when police

87

JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

clashed with them at the
mines, but a spokesman
directo-
LrAJ
Beck, said police used
teargas to disperse the
workers.

The NUM has
warned management
not to involve the police
in the matter and said
chaos might erupt if the
police presence was con-
tinued, according to a
statement to The SO-
WETAN.

Management was ex-
pecting the rest of the
labour force to return to
work today -~ thus end-
ing the industrial action
which management
claimed was marred by
intimidation.

Miners, who had
been working only half
shifts before downing
tools, had continued
their strike while man-
agement was engayed in
talks with the union

SOUTH AFRICA



GOVERNMENT ACQUIRES ROCKET~CARRYING HELICOPTERS

Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 2 Mar 85 p 25

[Text]

LUANDA: The

‘Angolan Air Force

has acquired MI-25’s,
rocket-carrying
helicopters of high
destructive capability
and flying. .with its
rocket and bomb load
at 250 kilometres an
hour with a flight

range of 650,

kilometres. These
machines made a fly-
past at a recent Air
Force day to com-
memmorate the ninth

anniversary of
FAPA/DAA, the ab-
breviation for

Angolan Air Force
and Anti-Aircraft
Defence.

Also taking part in the fly-
past were MiG-21’s, capable
of speeds of 2 000 kilometres
an hour and_ highly
manoeuvrable. Paratroopers
dropped from Antanov troop
carriers and there was a
display of ‘looping the loop’
by PC-7’s.

It was quite a display and
the high brass associated with
the Angolan Armed Forces
were in attendance such as
the Minister of Defence, Col-
onel Pedro Maria Tonha,
known as Pedalé; the Chief
of Staff of the Armed Forces,
Colonel Antonio dos Santos

Franca, known as Ndalu, and
Colonel Iko Carreira, the
Commander of the Angolan
Air Force. Also in attendance
were senior officers of
FAPLA, the regular army of
Angola.

Speaking at the ocassion of
the ninth anniversary of the
Angolan Air Force, Colonel
Pedalé welcomed the fact
that the Angolan Air Force

had, as he said, achieved such ;

a high fighting capacity in on-
ly nine years.
He claimed that the

Angolan Air Force had -

grown so rapidly that in less

than a decade it had achieved -

the combat operational level
now required for the needs of
the war imposed on the
Angolan people by an enemy
who had highly sophisticated
military and technological
equipment.

Colonel Pedalé said that
the air facilities now available
guaranteed rapid FAPLA ac-
tion against Angola’s enemy
both through direct attacks
and by providing support for
ground troops in the form of
transport, reconnaissance,
back-up, evacuation of the
wounded, and the supply of
ammunition, weapons and
food.
He said that the Air Force
played an outstanding role in
operations against an enemy
onslaught just over a year ago
when, according to the Col-
onel, Angola’as enemy failed
to extend the area still illegal-
ly occupied in southern
Angola.

He claimed heavy losses on

JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

ANGOLA


JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NATION'S SPORTSMEN'S RETURN TO INTERNATIONAL SPORT PROMISING
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Mar 85 p 6
{Editorjal]

[Text]

SPORTSMEN and women of this country
have given the outside world a pledge that, in
all faisness, should get them back into inter-
national sport. .

If we have our doubts, in the short term, that
they will, it is not because they haven’t gone
as far as any sports people can go --- they
have —- but because the organisations which
have had us barred from sport want such pol-
itical changes in this country that no pledge
will satisfy them.

Yet in a country which has been so racially
minded, so racially separated, the declara-
tion on behalf of 90 bodies covering every
spectrum of sport — from rugby and cricket
to snow skiing and croquet -~ and the two
main umbrella bodies, the South African
National Olympic Committee and the South
African Sports Federation, is quite remark-
able.

For they not only pledge themselves to eradi-
cate all forms of racism and statutory meas-
ures inhibiting racial equality in sporting
practice and facilities, but they say that
“sport is also to be used as a channel of mo-
bility and achievement for people to improve
their opportunities for advancement and
their quality of life”.

How this is to be done is not stated, but it is
interpreted as a commitment to community
upliftment so that all sportsmen can begin on
an equitable footing.

The declaration, among other things, plecves
to create equal opportunities for all sports:
men and women irrespective of race, colour
os creed; the upliftment and improvement of
all communities so that everyone can com-
pete on an equitable basis in all forms of

93

sport; non-racial competition in sport from
school to international level, and the provis-
ions of coaches and administrators to encour-
age sport at grassroots level.

Sports organisations are called upon to create
sports complexes available for all, and to util-
ise to the maximum existing facilities, includ-
ing those at schools.

‘We can expect that there will be opposition to
mixed sport at school levels, since conserva-
tive viewpoints in some schools die hard. But
times are changing and we belicve the good
sense shown in this declaration will gain
wider support than it would have a year or,
two ago.

Even a man like Bishop Tutu (and heaven
Knows we have not heard him say anything
good about this country in years) has wel-
comed the declaration.

So at least some of the sports boycotters
should have second thoughts on the matter.

Mr Rudolph Opperman, president of the Nat-
ional Olympic Committee, says: “If there is
any fair play left in the world this (declara-
tion) should have considerable influence in
changing the existing attitudes about sporting
links with South Africa.”

Fair play is not something the boycotters
understand, for if there were fair play, our
sportsmen and women would not have been
isolated,

However, the declaration shows. once and for
all, that sport is becoming fully non-racial.
The battle to get back into international com-
petition will not be won with words o1
pledges but with concrete evidence that the
declaration is being translated into action.

This cannot be done overnight.



JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

COMMUNICATIONS COMPLAINTS--HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.--It was time communica~
tion between local authorities, local affairs and management committees were
improved and unpleasantries in the consultation. process were removed, Mr Jac
Rabie (LP, Reigerpark) said. Moving a private member's motion he called on
the Government to expedite the implementation of the regulations which were
designed to improve these communications. "We are tired of consultation. We
want to consult with people who make the decisions," Mr Rabie said after he
had read a letter from the Cape Town City Council in which they said they were
consulting with the Executive Committee (provincial) to ensure smoother com-
munication between the council and the Management Committee. [Text] [Johan-
nesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Mar 85 p 4]

NATAL-MOZAMBIQUE FISHING AGREEMENT--CAPE TOWN.--The chief director of Marine
Development of the Department of Environment Affairs in Cape Town, Dr Josua
Serfontein, said yesterday agreements between the line fishermen of Mozambique
and Natal have been reached. Dr Serfontein said the agreements between the
two countries had been reached in spite of the problems being experienced with
regards to the Nkomati Accord. Dr Serfontein said the two companies which had
undertaken trawling in Mozambique waters would be able to catch 230 tons of
prawns, 154 tons of rock lobsters and langoustines and 135 tons of crabs. It
was possible these quotas would be increased if all went well. He warned,
however that stern measures would be taken against skippers who fished in
Mozambican waters without the necessary authority. [Text] [Johannesburg THE
CITIZEN in English 21 Mar 85 p 10]

WOMEN BEAT NATIONAL CANDIDATES--DURBAN--The National Party (NP) took a drub~
bing as two of the official candidates were well beaten in Municipal elections
held in the Durban area on Wednesday. In the Point ward Miss Marianne McCur-
die, who backed by the Civic Action League (CAL), which is bitterly opposed to
beach intergration, won with 759 votes to 412 for the NRP's Mr Joe Perkins and
the NP-backed Mr Barnard Pearce could only total 335 votes. In the Woodlands-
Montclair ward, Mrs Connie Gaelea polled 1 239 votes, Mr Pate Parsons, an
independent polled 551 votes and Mr Vic Christoforos, the official NP candi-
date, 490 votes. Significantly the National Party candidates were beaten by
two women who are regarded to the "right" of the NP in their thinking. The
return of two women means that the "fairer sex" are now playing an important
part in Municipal affairs. They comprise one third of the councilors and have
Mrs. Sybil Hotz in the powerful position as chairman of the management of the
council (Manco). Mr Con Botha, the Nat MP for Umlazi, said yesterday that he
was "very disappointed" at the result in the Woodlands-Montclair area. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Mar 85 p 15]

SACOS SLAMS SPORT DECLARATION--CAPE TOWN--The declaration of intent by South
African sporting bodies, released by Eddie Barlow in Johannesburg at the week-
end, was "totally pretentious and false," Mr Frank van der Horst, president of
the South African Council on Sport (Sacos), said in a statement issued in Cape
Town yesterday. "The nice flowery language fails dismally to address the root
causes of racial discrimination in sport which is a product of the apartheid
society," said the statement by the militant Black-oriented pressure group.

It added: "The sports declaration has no serious intention to change the
system of racial discrimination, colour oppression and class exploitation in

98


SWEDISH TRADE MAY INCREASE

Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 17 Mar 85 p 2

[Text]

cso

ZIMBABWE exported $9
million worth of goods to
Sweden in the first 11
months of last year, the
executive director cf the
Swedish agency for im-
port promotion for pro-
ducts from developing
cuuntries, Ambassador
Lennart Klackenberg,
said on Thursday.

He told The Sunday
Mail at the end of his
five-day visit to Zimba-
bwe that of this, $4,5 mil-
lon wag’ made up of

tobaceo. :
"This only represented

less than 1 percent of the *

Swedish import needs
which means there is
room for increasing our
imports from Zimbabwe.
‘That’s why I came w
Zimbabwe ~— to establish
closer contact between
the two countries in
terms of trade,” he said.

His visit helpeq to
identify other goods and
services that could be ex-
ported to Sweden,

“For instance, the
main import from Zimba-
bwe has been tobacco
and ferro-chrome, but
we ate thinking of get-
ting such things as fresh
flowers, plants, fresh
vegetables and fruit, in-
dustrial minerals like
kyanite as well as gar-
ments.

“People might wonder
why we have to import
fresh fruit when we do
grow them in our coun-
try. The thing ig we have
@ season, but it is a very
short one... the demand
for..frults and vegetables
remains high throughout
the year.”

The agency, Impod.
could help potential or-

3400/868

114

ganisatiora and export.
ete aot uad help
them overcome _ bottle-
ne Ke lke transport,

Ince we have truck-
my istles “from cen-
tral Europe spanning to
Holland, France and Bri-
tain, we can easily get
space for fresh agricul-
tural produce on these
trucks to Sweden and
that means all the Scan-
dinavian countries.

“If exports from Zimba-
we gain a foothold in
Sweden, there is likely to
be a growth of imports
demanded by other Sca-
ndinavian countries,” ‘he
added. .

Another area which
needed attention was in-
creasing tourist traffic
between the two coun-
tries.

Mr Klackenberg had
met officials of the Zi-
mbabwe Tourist Develop-
ment Corporation, He had
also extended an invita-
tion to the ZTDC to at-
tend the Goteborg Fair
from March 28,

“We shall bs 2). nsor-
ing the  Zimbanwean
stand for the second time
at the Goteborg Fair and
we think we “gaming
ground , . . So by the
end of the year there
should be an increase in
the autaier of Swed
tourists visiting Zin
bwe," he said.

Zimbabwe's imports
from Sweden last vear
totalled some $18 million.

The major exports to
Zimbabwe were telecom
munications equipmen’
and electric and transport
equipment

JPRS-SSA-85~-032
18 April 1985

ZIMBABWE



JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

LIBERIA

BRIEFS

ARAB PRINCE VISITS-~Prince Khalid Altajir of the United Arab Emirates arrived
in Monrovia Saturday morning for a one-week visit to Liberia as guest of the
National Investment Commission (NIC). The Chairman of the National Investment
Commission, Mr. Trohoe Kparghai told reporters Saturday that during Prince Al-
tajir's visit here, he would explore investment possibilities in the country.
Mr. Kparghai said the Prince who will be accompanied by a four-man delegation
of businessmen will also hold discussions with the Minister of Finance, Com-
merce, Foreign Affairs, Information and the Governor of the National Bank. He
said the Prince will also meet with the Head of State before leaving for home.
[Text] [Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 11 Mar 85 p 6]

cso: 3400/837

61



cso:

3400/861

ze
i

i
[

Ul
F
i

tf
g
|

67



cso:

3400/867

national investiment. Itshould
therefore be responsive to
the wishes and aspirations of
its people. It must be seen to
be an asset rather than a
liability. He said good image
could not come as a matter
of course,

There should be a
deliberate and conscientious
effort on the part of all
members of the foroo
irrespective of rank to portray
the image of the BDF ina
positive manner so that those
who have invested in the BDF
could appreciate that they
have a credible defence force
capable of giving a good
account of itself. The BOF
required men of good
integrity and tenacity of
purpose.

Major General Merafhe said
the success or failure of the
force would be determined
by how its members carry
themselves around whether
‘on duty or off duty. He said
naturally soldiers should be
proud of their profession but
they should not be snobbish
and consider those who are
not in the army as inferior to
them.

He said it was also natural
for soldiers to expect those
who were not in the army to
reciprocate and give them
the recognition which they
felt they deserve as human
beings. He said recognition
was an obsession in human
life.

12


STATE URGED TO STALI, NEW COMPULSORY SCHOOL FEES

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Mar 85 p 20

[Article by Keith Abendroth]

[Text]

THE SA_ Teachers
Council -- profession-
al body of more than
50 000 registered
White . teachers in
South Africa — has
called on the State to
stall implementation of
the new system of com-
pulsory school fees un-
til a potential “mine-
field” of teething
troubles is sorted out.

More specifically, the
call is to delay the scheme
until the State commis-
sion investigating the
country’s tax structure
has completed its inquiry
into additional sources of
revenue.

The council has told the
Cabinet that it believes
that the levying of tuition
fees should be seen within
the wider context of all
aspects of taxation.

The new system, sched-

CSO: 3400/849

uled to be introduced in
all four provinces from
next year, has aroused
countrywide — opposition
and anger among educa-
tionists and parents -— not
so much because of the
principle of paying more
for education but the
practical implications of
gathering extra funds and
their disbursement.

A ‘senior headmaster
told the Citizen yester-
day: “I do not know of a
single fellow principal
who is not unhappy about
the mass of extra paper
work and bureaucratic
complications that the
scheme would certainly
cause — overloading fur-
ther already overloaded
staff.”

A spokesman for the
SATC said that parent
bodies and teachers orga-
nisations had expressed
concern over aspects of
the proposed levying of

95

tuition fees.

The council’s commit-
tee on education financ-
ing was agreed that extra
income should be gener-
atd to maintain and im-
prove certain educational
standards — provided the
money came from the en-
tire community and not
only from parents.

According to Mr Fanie
Schoeman, Transvaal
provincial executive com-
mittee member in charge
of education, the new
scheme would be in addit-
ion to the existing school
funds scheme --- which
would be retained.

He said that fees had
not yet been exactly de-
fined and no formula yet
existed. But it was ex-
pected that the fee would
not be more than 10 per-
cent of the State’s expen-
diture per child.

The SATC is determin-

JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ed to sce that the scheme
succeeds -~ but on the u.

sis of sober, sound, loop
hole free implementation.

The spokesman said
that an interview had
been requested with the
Minister of National Edu-
cation to discuss more
specifically:

@The necessity for
broad co-ordination and
general acceptance of tu-
ition fees by all groups;

@The creation of
structures for such co-or-
dination and also to en-
sure that all parties be
given a say;

©The importance of
clearly spelling out how
the proposed tuition fees
were to be used; and

@ The need to post-
pone introduction of the
fees until after the com-
pletion of the inquiry into
additional sources of rev-
enue.


OVER 1,000 JOBLESS AS TEXTILE INDUSTRY CLOSES

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 25 Feb 85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

FRANCISTOWN: More than
1 000workers here have been
made jobless because a
number of textile industries
have closed down their
workshops while others have
drastically retrenched their
labour force.

Factories which closed
down competely are, Lace
and Trimmings, Crotchet Knit
and Braided Trimmings for
Garment, Upholstery and
Allied Industries, Peak
Clothings, Metropolitan
Trousers Manufacturers and
Apex.

Everest Mills are reported
to have retrenched 200
workers, Commercial
Enterprises 110, Peak
Clothing 200, Pan African Hat
80.

Nine more factories are

faced with the possibility of ,

closing down completely as
a result to the new Zimabwe.
Customs and Excise Act, said
the Acting District Labour
Officer, Mr A.C. Kitso.

Mr Kitso was however
optimistic that the current
visit to Francistown by a
Zimbabwean Customs and
Excise official would bring
tangible results to the textile
industry in that town.

3400/865

17

He pointed out that the
official was here to inspect
some factories to determine
the originality of the material
used.

Late fast year, another
official from Zimbabwe
carried out a similar
inspection to find out whether
textile products from
Botswana were 25 per cent
local content.

Textile workshop owners
here are stockpiling their
goods in anticipation of a
better outcome of the
Zimbabwean official's visit.
Mr N. Patel - Managing
Director of Commercial
Enterprises told BOPA that
his company had diversified
its manufacturing operations
and was looking for
alternative markets
elsewhere.

The problems facing textile
industry here followed an
amendment to Zimbabwe's
custom and excise laws
governing exports from
Botswana to that country.

The factories here were
expected to export about P20
million worth of textile goods
to Zimbabwe during this year,
according to one local expert.

JPRS~SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

BOTSWANA



Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW "Industrial Review" supplement in English 8 Mar 85

pg

government that all are managed less
efficiently.”

In view of all these problems the
government should “do more of what it
does well and less of what past experience
shows others can do better”. The Working
Party believes that many parastatals
would be better managed and more
productive if they were in the hands of
private owners.

Both private partners and the govern-
ment have exploited parastatal. to the
limit -- private partners by subverting
stated government objectives (when, for
example, private partners bring into the
country inappropriate technology and
projects), the government by insisting on
an excessive number of employees, bad
project locations (decided upon for
political rather than economic reasons)
and unprofitable operations. The result
shas been that some parastatals have for
the most part been maintained by govern-
ment subsidies and some have never paid
a cent for dividends on government
investments.

The Working Party believes that the
problematic history of parastatals
demonstrates that initial objectives in
setting up parastatal bodies have been
overlooked, disregarded and at. times
actually nullified. Many Africans, ‘the

report states, have acquired “manage-
ment skills, experience and access to
capital, and thus more of the respon-

sibility for commercial and industrial
development can be left to their
initiatives. Private foreign investors
should in the future be attracted to Kenya

JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

by the opportunities here, not by
concessions and government
ticipation.”

‘The Working Party strongly recom-
mends the divestiture of government
equity investments in commercial and
industrial enterprises by selling such
‘shares to Kenyans, because it thinks the
ventures will generally be more produc-
tive, better managed and more profitable
in private hands. New investments by
government, says the report, should
therefore be limited to commercial loans
to Kenyans and their companies. The
Industrial and Commercial Development
Corporation and the “Development
Finance Corporation of Kenya could
handle such loans. The numerous other
private non-banking financial institutions
that have mushroomed in recent years
could also be encouraged to lend more to.
Kenyans to start up industrial and com-
mercial enterpri

special
par-

“A decline in commercial investments
by government and the disposition of
some of the existing investments”, says
the Working Party, ‘should help con-
siderably to reduce the government
deficit and to restructure the develop-
ment budget in favour of more basic
development needs.” Such a divestiture
by the government will also help the
industrial and commercial sectors become
moreefficient and respond more urgently
to the structural adjustment programme
and the export promotion policies of the
government. .

Dismantling Parastatals

[Text]

WHETHER or not to dismantle
parastatals is no longer a question for the
Kenya government, which has accepted
the recommendations of the Ndegwa
Committee Report and the Working Party
on Government Expenditure that it divest
itself of many of these institutions. The
government is involved in almost every
area of private-sector business: it owns
shares directly or indirectly in salt, sugar,
beverages, alcohol, food processing.
canning factories, dru s, textiles, shoes,
paper, cement, batteries, radios, fishing
equipment, tyres, vehicles, hotels, and

46

drilling, mining and engineering opera-
tions.

One would expect government involve-
ment in these investments to be strategi
they are not. According to the Working
Party committee, these businesses were ity
fact ‘underwriting with government
money risks which should be borne by
private investors”. Many of these invest-
ments are moreover in companies owned
or managed by foreigners. The Working
Party calls for a programme to enable the
government to rid itself of some of its
investments so that private Kenyans



JPRS-SSA-85~032
18 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CLOSURE OF NEWSPAPERS DEPLORED
Johannesburg THE C1'TIZEN in English 18 Mar 85 p 6
[Editorial: "Death of Papers")

[Text]

THE CLOSURE of the Rand Daily Mail and
Sunday Express is a cause for great sadness.

The Mail was the Jeading libcral newspaper in
South Africa, with a fine tradition going back
83 years.

The Express was the Jeading investigative
newspaper. .

Each contributed to the breadth of discussion
that is necessary if South Africa is to be
served effectively by its Press.

Each will be missed. .

Of the two, the Mail played a more significant
role, taking up the cudgels for the Blacks at a
time when it was not fashionable or politic to
do so, calling for various changes in the
South African racial set-up that seemed rad-
ical then, but are no longer so.

The pity is that the Mail also won for itself a
reputation for Left-wing extremism that not
only lost it readers, but also denied it the
acceptance it might otherwise have had.

Although we differed from it on many issues,
we respected it as a newspaper of integrity;
although we were directly in competition
with it, we regret that it will die such an un-
timely death.

In the case of the Sunday Express, the empha-
sis on investigative journalism alicnated
rather than attracted readers, but the Ex-
press served a most worthwhile purpose in
bringing light to dark corners of public life.

Our assessment of its role is not diminished
because of its disgusting and libellous attack-
on The Citizen yesterday.

We are sorry the Express did not bow out with
the dignity the occasion deserves. but an-
nounced its own demise with such an intem-
perate outburst.

91

‘There will be much discussion in the news-
paper industry about the reasons for the
death of the two newspapers.

The Star’s attack on the Sunday Express, the
Sunrise Star’s attack on the Mail’s Saturday
market, and cut-price property advertising
by the Argus newspapers played a part.

But the same tactics used in Cape Town and
Durban by Argus company newspapers did
not finish off opposing newspapers in these
cities.

Furthermore, although newspapers are suffer-
ing severely from the inroads of television on
newspaper advertising, this was not the main
factor in the closure of the Mail and Express,
since other SAAN publications have not
closed.

The reasons must be sought elsewhere — and _
the Sunday Express provided the answer
when it said that the two papers had been
closed down because they had failed the test
of the market place. “It makes no difference
because they failed in the market place of
ideas before they failed economically. In-
deed, it was in the areas of ideas that the
battle was fought and lost.”

This is a strange admission from an editor who
is going to be in charge of SAAN’s new nat-

ional business daily.

it is an assessment with which we

agree.

The writing on the wall for the Mail came
when The Citizen overtook its White read-
ership and the huge preponderance of Black
readers of the Mail made it cost-inefficient
for certain important categories of advestis-
ing.

The writing on the wall for the Express came



arms assistance, because all goods Ethiopia imports from socialist fraternal
countries must be paid in hard currency. The people here have become suspi-
cious of their friends. They have not forgotten that the GDR demanded 10,000
tons of Ethiopian coffee as payment for its truck deliveries and then sold the
same coffee to the United States at a high profit.

And the people here indeed demonstrate their irritation. Just recently Cuban
advisers came to feel it when the Ministry for Housing Construction assigned
to them accommodations in the worst residential district of the capital.

CSO: 3420/47

29



LEADER KOMA SAYS OPPOSITION JACKS INFORMATION

Gaborone THE BOTSWANA GUARDIAN in English 15 Mar 85 pp 1, 2

[Article by Charmaine Muir]

{Text]

The-Leader of the
Opposition Dr Ken-
neth Koma has dis-
missed as false ac-
cusations that the
opposition gocs to
Parliament unpre-
pared and unable
to back up their
debates.

Speaking in an
interview, Dr Koma
said the BNF’s major
problem was access
to information which
civil servants were
unable to provide for
fear of victimisation.

He noted that the rul-
ing party was at an
advantage because they
worked closely with all
government depart-
ments and had readily
available information.

This lack of informa-
tion is one of the
problems that the BNF
is determined to solve,
he stressed.

The Member of
Parliament for North
East Mr_ Kenneth
Nkhwa (BPP) said the
main problem was that
“the Government is
stubborn and refuses to
listen to reason.”

Mr Nkhwa accused
the government of re-
jecting opposition sug-

13

gestions and policy
proposals simply be-
cause they do not
agree with the
opposition. .

The MP quoted a
number of instances
when the Government
rejected opposition
suggestions but later
adopted them when
faced with a crisis.

Mr Nkhwa said that
in the early 1970's the
BPP suggested that
government establish a
defence force for secu-
rity but the proposal
was rejected until Bo-
tswana was attacked by
the ‘Smith regime.

However, the MP for
Maun/Chobe Mr _Dik-
gothi Monwela (BDP)
accused the Opposition
of criticising successful
government policies
‘just because they are
opposition”.

He said the Opposi-
tion distorted govern-
ment policies and laws
purposely in an attempt
to misguide the nation.

Mr Monwela pointed
out that the role of the
opposition was to assist
Government by offering
alternative solutions to
solving problems and by
making positive
suggestions.

But Dr Koma said
some members of the

JPRS -SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

BOTSWANA


FOREIGN MINISTER VOWS TO ENFORCE MERIT SYSTEM

JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 25 Feb 85 pp 1, 8

[Text]

Foreign Minister T.
Ernest Eastman has
vowed to vigorously
enforce the merit sys-
tem at his ministry,
by employing only
those personnel who
have been duly trained
and qualified to
occupy the positions
applied for.

Minister Eastman was
speaking at the
Foreign Ministry last
Saturday during the
Sixth Graduation Pro-
gram of ‘the Foreign
Service Institute
at which ten persons
received ‘certificates
of achievements after
successfully complet—

ing the six-month pro-.

gram.
The Foreign Minister
stressed the need for
qualified foreign ser-
vice personnel who
have some knowledge of
the field, noting that
only qualified person-
nel could ably re-
present liberia and
promote its image
abroad.
Minister Eastman then

57

frowned on the attitu-
de of some Liberians

who, he said, send}
numerous letters of!

applications or recom-
mendations for others,
who have no qualifica-
tion. whatsoever or
the position applied
for. .

He stressed that in
future, those wanting
to go’ into the
nation's Foreign Ser~
vice, must first at-
tend and successfully
complete the prescrib-
ed courses at the
Ministry's
Service Institute.
Minister Eastman then
assured the graduates
that his ministry will
not hestitate to
utilize their services
if they are ready to
put*to practice the
knowledge they acquir-
ed at the Institute,
as oan. incentive to
prospective students.

Speaking on behalf
of his fellow graduat-
es, Colonel Arthur D.
Bedell, expressed
their profound appre-

Foreign

LIBERIA


CSO:

there is often a surplus of suitably qualified
and experienced candidates for any one post.
Moreover, in this situation, promotion is
more dependent on who you know than on
any other factor.

The Ministry of the Public Service and the
Public Service Commission were set up by
the Jan Smith regime specifically to ensure
that the public service is free from nepotism.
It is therefore a matter of serious surprise
and concern that the degree of nepotism can
be so great despite the established safe-
guards. The types of controls thought effec-
tive by the Smith regime are far from ade-
quate today: obviously new and more
stringent controls are needed if Government
is to avoid disaster.

One problem that was not envisaged by
the Smith regime, for example, is the prob-
Jem of ‘‘tribal balancing’’. There is a general
impression that a Ministry cannot be accused
of nepotism if it is ‘‘tribally balanced”. Thus
a great deal of effort is put into ensuring that
at every level there are equal numbers of
every major tribe. Minority tribes are vir-
tually out of the picture. However since
every major tribe, be it Karanga, Zezuru,
Ndebele or Manyika, has a network of its
own, tribal balancing does not in any way
ensure that the best person gets the job.
Rather each tribal alliance puts forward its
own candidates, and through a series of
intertribal negotiations a compromise is
reached. Those candidates who reject a
tribal alliance or who are considered
“disloyal” to their own “tribe’’, will
naturally not be supported by their own
“‘tribe’?, however well qualified or well ex-
perienced such a candidate may be. Loyalty
to the tribal grouping is placed before loyalty
to Government or the nation.

Within each tribal grouping and in inter-
tribal alliances, more emphasis is placed on
cooperation towards a proper division of
power between tribes than on getting the job

3400/838

110

done. Each tribal grouping and its represen-
tatives works to define powers and privi-
leges. Thus a Government project may be
seen as a project belonging to this or that
tribe, in which case allies will support it and
opponents will try to stop progress on the
project. Coordination of all these groups to
achieve a common purpose is therefore a
very fine art, with a great deal of skillful
diplomacy needed to ensure that no project
is seen to project ary tribal group more than
any other,

Incompetence or mistakes are quickly
covered up, often to be repeated again later,
as such a system of loyalties does not allow
the expulsion of incompetent officers who
despite their inability to perform, may never-
theless be indispensable for an alliance’s
welfare. Thus more time is spent on evening
and weekend parties and manouevres in
order to gain new positions than on actual

. work on the job. Under such a situation, it is

the officer who expends more time on these
manouevres rather than the one who duti-
fully does his job who will get the promo-
tion.

There is little doubt that the ZANU-PF
Government is in serious danger of being
destroyed by a civil service intent on
augmenting its own powers and privileges at
the expense of the Government and the
country as a whole. If the Government is not
prepared to take immediate and decisive
steps to stop this cancer, it is likely to grow
to uncontrollable proportions. The need for
a civil service divorced from tribal considera-
tions but based on loyalty to Government
and working in the interests of Zimbabwe is
paramount. Unless Government takes steps
to politicise civil servants and to prevent any
form of nepotism through any tribal
alliances, there is little doubt that the
wonderful political aspirations of ZANU-PF
will be defeated by the very civil service
employed to carry out Government Policy.



cso

say over the main financial decisions by
unions and their members. Members’ in-
terests could perhaps best be served by pro-
viding them with some specifically legal
labour machinery enabling them to act
against any financial misdemeanours by
union officials.

Workers committees are in the peculiar
position of being able to call a strike, but not
being able to collect dues which would pro-
vide the necessary support to workers during
any work stoppage. The anomally between
the right to strike and the ability to exercise
that right could perhaps have been avoided
by distinguishing between organised and un-
organised workers. Where workers are
organised, workers committees could be
closely linked to the unions and have as their
representatives union shop stewards. In the
case of unorganised workers, a different
status could be given to workers committees,
taking into account the lack of union back-
ing.

The ultimate weapon for workers in an
exploitative working environment is the
strike. If that is curtailed, unions are
weakened.

In terms of the Bill, any strike by workers
can be outlawed by the Minister simply by
declaring their industry an essential service.
The Labour Relations Tribunal — which is a
court of record presided over by a judge of
the High Court or someone qualified to be
one — can revoke the Minister’s decision on
appeal.

The ‘“‘essential services’’ that are specified
in the Bill are extremely broad. Besides
health, electricity, water, fire, sewerage, and
rubbish disposal services, mining or any ser-
vice required for the working of a mine,
comimunications, transport as well as the
production, supply delivery or distribution
of food and fuel are all regarded as ‘“‘essen-
tial services’’.

Also, 14 days notice must be given before
workers can resort to collective job action.
‘This removes the surprise element, often ex-
tremely important to the effectiveness of a
strike.

Added to this, a lengthy dispute settling
procedure must be followed before workers
give notice of collective action.

This process is favoured by employers
because they usually have more resources

3400/838

112

than a union to support a drawn out dispute
and because that time could serve as a cool-
ing off period among workers. The result,
however, is often wildcat strikes by workers
impatient with lengthy procedures.

Workers are also barred from striking if
their union is not certified. This covers un-
registered unions as well as registered unions
awaiting certification.

Again, workers cannot strike if their
union has not sanctioned it.

If collective job action is threatened, the
Minister may also step in and temporarily
halt any industrial action by issuing ‘‘show
cause” and ‘disposal’? orders. When this
happens, the parties concerned must show
cause before a labour relations officer, hear-
ing officer or labour relations board why col-
lective job action should not be ended, post-
poned, suspended or reduced in scope.
These orders also can be applied to lockouts,
which are outlawed except with the consent
of the Minister. Appeals against the orders
may be taken to the Tribunal.

Should workers strike illegally or con-
travene ‘“‘show cause’? and ‘‘disposal”’
orders they face a fine of up to $2 000 or jail
of up to one year, or both.

The type of unionists a country has is one
of the critical factors in building a strong
trade union movement.

A weakness in Zimbabwe's liberation
struggle was the lack of a union input. This
meant that Zimbabwe entered independence
without unionists seasoned in struggle,
negotiations, and organisation or able to
articulate clearly a working class position
from the struggles of the shop floor.

For socialist transformation, a strategy to
rectify this weakness in the trade union
movement as quickly as possible is
necessary.

The Bill effectively empowers the Minister
to supervise and regulate union elections of
officials and set qualifications for union of-
ficials. This could be seen, in part, as ad-
dressing the unionist problem. But the im-
position of qualifications from on top is of
doubtful value.

However, whose interests the Bill will, in
balance, serve, will to a large extent depend
on how the Minister wields his power. o



Envoy to Romania Welcomes Cooperation
(THE HERALD, 19 Mar 85)..... se eecceceeceeseececceeeeeeseses 115

West German Aid for Provincial Projects
(THE HERALD, 19 Mar 85)...sceecccvcecccccccererercecnsescses 116

Mines Still Face Shortages of Key Personnel

(THE HERALD, 19 Mar 85)......- a eeceeeceeeceseesceseeceseeces LIT
Briefs

Settlers Aided 118

Tractors for Dande 118

Displaced Get Food 118

Workers To Latch Journal 118

Chinese Books Donated 119



JPRS-SSA-85-032
18 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

KWAZULU FASTEST GROWING DEVELOPMENT POINT IN NATION
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Mar 85 p 10

[Text] ISITHEBE, KwaZula as a development point, has the highest growth rate
in South Africa, Dr P J van der Merwe, Director General of Manpower said yes-
terday afternoon.

Opening the training centre of Interco Management Services at Isithebe, Dr Van
Der Merwe said that the area had been receiving substantial decentralisation
benefits over the past two years.

"At the moment, it is the development point with the highest growth rate in
the Republic, as can be deduced from the statistics for the period April 1
1982 to March 31 1983 and April 1 1983 to March 31 1984."

Dr Van Der Merwe said that from the period April 1 1982 to March 31 1983, the
number of applications for decentralisation benefits at Isthebe was 105 out of
a total of 453 in the Republic.

In the same period the number of expected job opportunities at Isithebe were
18 410 out of a total of 43 122 in the Republic.

The expected capital investment in the area was R158-million out of a total of
RL 104-million for the rest of the Republic.

He said that from the period April 1, 1983, to March 31, 1984, the number of
applications for decentralisation benefits in the area were 43 out of a total
of 705 for South Africa.

The number of expected jobs was 7 985 out of total of 48 978 in South Africa.

The expected capital investment in the area would reach R98-million out of a
total of R725-million for the rest of the country.

He said there were favourable decentralisation benefits at Isethebe for which
an industrialist could apply to the Decentralisation Board.

Labour, although untrained, was readily available and the proximity of the
market especially for entrepreneurs in the clothing industry.

89



CSO:

demands by Trade Union groups for a
reactivation of the refinery proposed to
be built in Tarkwa by the CPP govern-
ment. There are reliable sources of
evidence which point to the fact that
the present volume of gold produced in
Ghana all put together will not be
enough to make the operation of a full-
fledged refinery viable.

Secondly, like all metal refining pro-
cesses, electric power consumption will
be tremendously high and whether that
amount of power will be available is a
critical factor. Yet the Russians have
indicated their willingness to establish
a ‘‘gold purification -factory’’ at
Tarkwa and their offer has been
warmly welcomed by the government.

. One does not rule out the Soviet style
of assisting Third World: countries in
the mining industry. Theirs is called the-
“Compensation Theory’, which, means
they design: the plant, deliyer’ equip-
ment, install and engage experts and
then they. pay for ail. these with
preducts of the project or plant. It has
happened. in Guinea for bauxite,
Algeria for lead and zinc; in the Congo
fortéad, and-in Egypt for. aluminium.
However,. ‘one. tiew. of this Russian
theoty is tHat it is the same story of
dependence “on foreign’ capital and
expértise. =i 7 .

EEC FINANCE

The current visit to Ghana of a dele-
gation from the European Economic
Community (EEC) to appraise the
EEC-funded projects in the country
thus draws attention to the financial
aid which the mineral industry has
been enjoying under the terms of the
Lome Conventions. At a news confer-
ence in Accra, the head of the EEC
delegation, Mr Patrick Everard, dis-
closed that the EEC has been providing
on the average $20 million annually
towards Ghana’s development, out of
which a substantial part goes to the
mineral industry.

Two of such projects need mention
here: In 1983, the EEC granted ECU6
million for the rehabilitation of the

3400/839

34

Manganese mine at Nsuta where
depletion of ore reserves necessitated
the procurement of new equipment and
machinery to enable the extraction of
the remaining low-grade manganese
deposits. Another grant of ECU6
million was also granted by the EEC
for rehabilitation of the Tema Oil
refinery (GHAIP).

OIL PROSPECTING

Oil prospecting along Ghana’s
shores also involves international loans
and finance. The International
Development Agency granted $11
million to help accelerate the level of
Petroleum exploration along 7000km
of shoreline, which contract went to
Geophysical Inc. towards the latter
part of last year. The Canadian
government also granted nearly $1.5
million for oil prospecting by the
Canadian Company, Petro-Canada
Assistance Co.

MINERAL COMMISSION

It can be seen, therefore, that most
developing countries, like Ghana,
cannot hope to operate successfully
without the expertise, technical and
management teams and without the
backing of substantial finance from
Overseas. All that can be said at this
stage is to call for streamlining of nego-
tations and terms of participation so
that the joy of partnership can be
spread to all sides involved in any ven-
ture...“

The twice re-negotiated terms with
the former Agri-Petco (now Primary
Fuels- Ghana Ltd) is a classical
example. Ghana established the Miner-
als Commission in the latter Part of
1984 to advise the government on all
issues relating to exploration and pro-
duction of minerals and to formulate a
mineral policy that will regulate the
inflow of capital to keep the mineral
industry going. One hopes that as the

ommission has taken four months to
set itself up it would wake up now for
the tasks ahead that are waiting.


IPRS-SEA-85-032
18 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

STUDENTS DECIDE ON ORGANIZATIONS--CAPE TOWN--The student parliament at the
University of Stellenbosch has accepted that there are definite differences in
the political convictions of Nusas and the University of Stellenbosch. A
commission of inquiry into national student organisations found that the Afri-
kaanse Studentebond was the one organisation in which students of Stellenbosch
felt most at home and that it was an open question whether a Nusas-affiliated
body would be viable at Stellenbosch. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in
English 21 Mar 85 p 13]

SERVICEMEN IN DETENTION--PARLIAMENT--A total of 234 National Servicemen who
failed to report for or render military service on account of religious prin-
ciples were serving three year sentences in Detention Barracks on December 1,
1984, the Minister of Defence, General Magnus Malan, said. There were 378
Servicemen in detention on that date, Gen Malan said in a written reply to a
question from Mr Pat Rogers (NRP, King William's Town). [Text] [Johannesburg
THE CITIZEN in English 20 Mar 85 p 4]

CADET TRAINING--PARLIAMENT.--It was the prerogative of each population group
to decide on cadet training for its boys although the Defence Act stipulated
that "every person" between the ages of 12 and 17 may be required to undergo
such training, the Minister of Defence, General Magnus Malan, said. So far,
cadet training had only been instituted for boys at White schools, he said,
replying to questions by Mr Roger Burrows (PFP, Pinetown). {fext] [Johannes-
burg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Mar 85 p 4]

BOPHUTHATSWANA HARASSING NON-TSWANAS--BOPHUTHATSWANA is harassing non-Tswanas
who have lived in the area for years, the Black Sash and South African Council
of Churches charged yesterday. "There have been a number of very serious
transgressions of the declaration of human rights," civil rights lawyer Mr
Graham Dyson told a Press conference in Johannesburg. Since independence in
1977, both Tswanas and non-Tswanas had settled in Bophuthatswana or been moved
there under South Africa's homelands legislation, the SACC and Black Sash
said. However, many non-Tswanas were being increasingly victimised. "There
is a widespread feeling of fear and insecurity in many areas--there is the
possibility of a refugee crisis as these people move from area to area and
homeland to homeland..." Mr Dyson said he was particulary concerned by the
activities of the homeland's National Intelligence Force, which he said had
powers of arrest and appeared to be accountable only to President Lucas
Mangope. "The NIF behaves like a Gestapo hit-squad," he said. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Mar 85 p 4)

96


The struggle in South Africa is moving into a critical phase and Ghana and the
other countries committed to the liberation struggle must ask all African
countries to stand firm so that South African racist and other allies do not
have their way. The pressure must be resisted.

CSO: 3400/840

37