DOCK WORKERS END STRIKE--The industrial action embarked upon by junior em-
ployees of the National Ports Authority [NPA] has been called off. This was
announced at a news conference in Lagos today by the national president of
the Nigerian ports authority workers union, Alhaji A. (Agboniyina). He said
that the strike was called off as a result of the intervention by the na-
tional assembly, Alhaji (Agboniyina) disclosed that a meting with the senate
labor committee, the union, and the management of the NPA held last Friday,
the two parties, after negotiations, reached an agreement on the (?motives)
which have led to the strike. It was agreed that the management should sub-
mit to the board of the authority recommendations on the union's claim of a
15 percent increase for members who earn more than 3,000 naira per annum,
and 10 percent for those who earn above that. [Text] [AB290718 Lagos
Domestic Service in English 2100 GM 28 Jul 82]

CONCERN OVER ISRAELI INVASION--The Nigerian House of Representatives has ex-
pressed concern over the Israeli invasion of the southern republic of Lebanon
and the killing of over 3,000 civilians in the country. This followed the
adoption of a motion cosponsored by Alhaji Sani Abubakar from Kano state and
five others which called for the condemnation of the Israeli's total disre-
gard to the presence of the UN peacekeeping force in Lebanon. The house
resolved that Israeli occupation of Lebanon had created an atmosphere of
international insecurity, thereby putting the mass of the UN peacekeeping
force in danger. It denounced the cruelty of Israel's action and described

it as unwarranted encroachment of Lebanese sovereighty and territorial
integrity. The Nigerian House of Representatives, however, declared its sup-
port for the UN security council resolution which called on all parties in the
conflict to end the war while demanding an unconditional withdrawal of the
Israeli troops from Lebanon. [Text] [AB301005 Lagos International Service in
English 0830 GME 30 Jun 82]

RICE PRODUCTION GROWTH URGED--A contract has been signed for the establishment
of rice mills by the Chad >Basin Development Authority. The mills will process
rice grown on the various projects of the authority. Announcing this in
Lagos yesterday, the minister of water resources, Dr Yahaya Atanu, said that
similar rice mills had already been established by three other such author-
ities. They were the Ogun Tu, the Niger Delta and the Bomu Owena River Basin
Development Authority. The minister explained that in view of the shortage of
rice in the country, the federal government has given directives to all river
basin development authorities to embark on accelerated rice production, As a
result of this, it is being envisaged that the river basin development author-
ity (?will reach) a target production of over 223,000 tons of rice this year.
[Text] [AB301450 Lagos Domestic Service in English 1200 GMr 30 Jun 82]

KANO TEACHERS BEGIN STRIKE--About 5,000 primary school teachers in the Kano
municipality have begun an indefinite strike action in protest against the
nonpayment of their salaries since April. This followed a directive by the
state branch of the Nigerian Union of Teachers, NUT, urging the teachers to
take all necessary actions within the unions constitution to fight for their
rights. A correspondent of the news agency of Nigeria reports that the school
children were playing about their respective schools. A similar strike action
by the entire primary and post-primary school teachers in Imo state has

55



RELEASE OF PRISONERS--The PNDC has ordered the release from prison of all those peo-
ple who were sentenced to death by firing squad under the subversion decree by
military tribunals during the Acheampong regime, and who have since been in prison
without any committal warrant. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English No 3384,

14 Jun 82 p 1618]

LIBYAN RELATIONS--A two-week painting exhibition has been mounted jointly by five
Ghanaian revolutionary artists and the Libyan People's Bureau at the Arts Centre
in Accra. The paintings, which symbolise the new concept of the African revolution,
also mark the third anniversary of the June 4 uprising. Opening the exhibition,
Sgt. Alolga Akata-Pore, member of the PNDC, said Libya was not only a friend to
Ghana, but the two countries were brothers fighting side by side in the African
revolution. It was only the enemies of the revolution who had misconstrued Ghana's
association with Libya, he said. Sgt. Akata-Pore added it was only natural for
Ghana to align herself with Libya which was an African country, a member of the OAU
and the non-aligned movement. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English No 3384,

14 Jun 82 p 1620}

cso: 4700/1443

21



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of
U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



CORSORTIUM AWAITS GOVERNMENT'S METHANOL DECISION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Jun 82 p 22

[Article by Daan De Kock]

[Text] iiiCoar, ~AECI and

cso:

have submitted
recommendations to
the Government for the
(production of methanol.
jas an alternative fuel
jand the partners are
jawaiting the decision of
ithe Energy Policy Com-
imittee.

* This appears in the
‘annual report of Am-
icoal. The chairman of
ithe company, Graham
ustred, says: “Meth-
‘anol could fulfil a role
‘in South Africa's liquid
‘fuel situation, but only
ff a clear policy decision,
fis made in this regard.
£ “If a decision is taken’
‘to follow the route of
{petrol and diesel only,
ithen either further Sa-
fsols will be required or
jalternatively a direct li-
fquifaction approach

émust be adopted.”
also

' Mr Boustred
- Says it will be several
byears before construc-
tion of such plants
fcould begin.
It is, therefore, essen-
ial for the Government
give guidlines to pri-
vate industry'to enable
fit to assess the role it
play.
stoke potential growth
tential of South Afri-
a’$ coal industry is also
jclearly illustrated ‘in
Ithe report.

4700/1442

f Mr Boustred says
‘amcoal’s planned pro-

‘duction will rise above

80-million tons annual-
ly in the next ten years.

New business ‘has
already been secured to
enable ‘the planned
total .output to reach
this level, he says.

Despite the expected
levelling off in coal ex-
Ports this year; Mr Bou-
stred believes Amcoal’s
‘exports won't suffer
too much.

He says the group’s
production for export is
effectively fully sold for
the current year, de-
spite the prevailing
weakness in the export
markets and, in par-
ticular, in the anthra-
cite trade.

Mr Boustred also
says that the decline in
the value of the rand
could play an important
role this year in South
Africa’s export earn-
ings from coal.

He says expectations
are that the rand will
remain weak’ in the

months to come. The -

‘most recent estimates
‘made by Standard Bank
are that South Africa’s
export coal earnings
this year will increase
by about 25 percent and
that the bulk of this in-
crease will be due to the
deterioration in the va-
jue of the rand against
the American dollar.

Mr Boustred doesn’t

make specific forecasts’

for, Amcoal except to
say “forecasts indicate
that the group’s earn-
ings for the current
year will continue to
show growth, but this
will be at a significantly
lower level _ than
achieved during the re-
view period.”

Mr Boustred says
that the phase 4 export
programme of the Gov-
ernment has had tre-
mendous response from
potential coal export-
ers. Over 100 applica-
tions covering more
than 200-million tons a
year were received.

He also adds that
Amcoal estimates that
a big proportion of
South African coal re-
serves are in the hands
of the State.

In May last year, the
Minister of Mineral and
Energy Affairs outlined
the results of the irlves-
tigations by his depart-
ment into the country’s
coal reserves,

The reserves . were
put at 110 000-million
tons and the exploita-
ble and recoverable ton-
nage, using current
economic mining meth-
ods, was put at 51 000-
million tons.

Of this, 17 000-million
tons (34 percent) are
under the control eith-
er of the State itself or

6

SOUTH AFRICA

public corporations
such as Sasol and Iscor.
© Of the balance of
34 000-millions tons
+ Amcoal, together with
other major private sec-
tor coal producers, con-
(trols 26 000-million
* (52 percent), leaving a
balance of some 8 000-
million tons controlled
mainly by some ten coal
(Companies and certain
il companies.



Idi Amin's forces", Vice-President and Minister of Defence Paulo Muwanga said
recently. The "gap" lies between the handful top commanders and the majority
of the army, which was recruited to fight as guerrilla against Idi Amin.

Temporary Promotions

There are virtually no officers between the two. And there have been frequent
allusions by Ugandan authorities to cases where low ranking officers have been
"temporarily' promoted to the rank of Captain or Major until a substantive
appointment can be made to take the effective command of the unit or battal-
ion.

One of the Commonwealth trainers gave the example of a Lieutenant who was
given command of a 1000-man battalion after just two years in the Ugandan
army because there was no one else for the job.

The instructor said he personally had spent the last 20 years in the army but
would find commanding a battalion of 600 men "back at home" quite a handful.

Most of the training courses by the Commonwealth instructors will be for
selected officers and NCO's who will be in a position to train other soldiers
at the end of their course, and to enforce strict discipline within their
units.

A strict disciplinarian, Col. Clavering insists that the troops must be metic—
ulously clean at all times, handle their weapons smartly and salute their
senior officers. All these "small things" matter, he seems to say, the sol-
diers cannot respect the civilian population if they do not respect their own
officers or uniforms.

Army-civilian relations have been notoriously bad since the fall of Amin,
especially in the central area surrounding the capital, Kampala. Col. Claver-
ing says that the way a soldier handles his weapon and dresses immediately
shows a civilian whether he is disciplined or not.

No New Recruits
The team of Commonwealth instructors has a long haul ahead of it, but the
officers are enthusiastic and cheerful as they go about their duties in the

School of Infantry, each dressed in his own national army uniform.

The instructors carry combat weapons only in the course of their training
duties, which are restricted to the school of infantry training at Jinja.

Ugandan President Milton Obote last year. announced a freeze on recruitment
into the Uganda Army to curb military spending and leave more money for de-

velopment projects.

He gave no figures, but it is generally thought that the Uganda Army does not
number more than 14,000 men. (A.F.P.)

CSO: 4700/1498

15



MANGANESE PROJECT'S COMPLETION

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3384, 14 Jun 82 p 1620

[Text] The C74m. Manganese Noduifsing

cso:

Project of the Ghana National
Manganese Corporation at Nsuta
in the Western Region has been
completed and trial production is
expected to start by the middle of
June. The new plant described as
one of the best in the world for the
production of manganese, cost
Fuller Company, a United States
firm, over €22.5m. to instal. It is
capable of producing between
1,100 and 1,500 tonnes of man-
ganese per day and will fetch the
nation about. $24m. annually.
Mr. Dilip K. Mitra, assistant
imanager of the corporation, told
this to the US Ambassador to
Ghana, Mr. Thomas Smith and
the Western Regional PNDC
Secretary, Dr. M. A. Appiah,
when they visited the mine at
Nsuta recently. Mr. Mitra said the
project, which took two and a half
years to complete, was the expan-
sion and rehabilitation of the old
mine established since 1936 and it
‘was expected to produce both low
and-high grades manganese to last
for over 20 to 30 years. He said
presently they were doing only
surface mining, but they could do
deep mining if it was necessary.
Mr. Mitra added that the Nsuta
Mine was a traditional producer of
good manganese on the world
market and that the demand was
high.
The Ambassador later visited
the Tarkwu Gold Mines where he
was briefed by Dr. Kofi Baako,
chairman of the State Gold Mining
Corporation (SGHC). He told the
US Ambassador that the mines
needed large capital investment to

4700/1443

mine the large gold deposit that
abounds in the country’s gold
mines. The Tarkwu and Prestea
Goldfields, he said, were now
producing 3,000 ounces of fine
gold per month, whereas they
could produce about 12,000
ounces of fine gold each. Dr.
Baako noted that about four years
ago, the Tarkwu Gold Mine alone
was producing 11,000 ounces of

fine gold monthly but because of
lack of equipment and bad policies
of previous governments, the pro-
duction had.declined. He told the
Ambassador that the present gov-
ernment had placed the mining
industry as the second priority
area after agriculture. _~

GHANA



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

BOMBING SYSTEM TESTED--Cape Town.--The SA Air Force tested a refined bomb-aiming
system on its Buccaneer aircraft, 45 nautical miles south-west of Cape Point yester-
day. The exercise involved three Buccaneers from 24 Squadron and a Schackleton from
35 Squadron. They repeatedly bombed a derelict fishing trawler in approved dumping
grounds. The Buccaneer's bombs were aimed at the target from a distance of about
1,9 nautical miles. Commandant Ben Kriegler, staff officer (operations) of Maritime
Air Command, said afterwards the aim of the exercise had been to evaluate the new
bomb-aiming system and this had been achieved.--Sapa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE
CITIZEN in English 21 Jun 82 p 15]

LESOTHO LAND CLAIMS--Maseru.--The opposition United Democratic Party in Lesotho has
urged the country's government to follow Swaziland's example and press Lesotho's
claims to parts of South Africa. In a statement issued in Maseru, the leader of
the party, Mr Charles Mofedi, congratulated the South African Government on its move
to cede the Ingwavuma region of KwaZulu to Swaziland. Mr Mofedi said the cession
was a diplomatic breakthrough in the difficult endeavour to normalise the interter-
ritorial boundaries of the region. He said that the matter must be viewed with "a
sense of obligation". He urged the government of Lesotho to consider seriously
taking steps to follow Swaziland's example. Negotiations had to be held with the
South African Government on the adjustment of boundaries and an agreement on the
claims Lesotho had to parts of South Africa could be reached, he said.--Sapa. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Jun 82 p 4]

SA's MARITIME FAMILY--Port Elizabeth--The chief of the South Africa Navy, Vice-
Admiral R A Edwards, says the contribution by, and continued support of, naval ca-
dets is an essential part of future planning in the Navy. Speaking at the annual
prize-giving of the Port Elizabeth Naval Cadet Corps on the land-based training es-
tablishment Lanherne on Saturday, Admiral Edwards said that being a cadet represen-
ted the first important link in the maritime family. If the Navy failed to function
properly the way of life of South Africans would alter drastically, because about

50 percent of the working community of the country was, in one way or another,
dependent on the maritime community. The maritime family consisted of everyone
connected with the sea or navigation and included harbours, fishing fleets, the
research group--hydrography and oceanography--the merchant navy and the Navy. Cadets
had a great advantage over many of their friends as naval discipline taught them
self-discipline, which in turn made them more responsible and trained them to become
valuable citizens. The 160-strong Port Elizabeth Naval Corps won the Admiral's
Trophy for efficiency, which is being presented for the first time. The top cadet,

70



MOZAMBIQUE

KUWAITI FUNDS FOR ZAMBEZI BRIDGE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 9 Jun 82 p 10

[Text] The Kuwaiti Fund will finance three important
projects: repair of the bridge over the Zambezi River in
Tete Province; rehabilitation of the Cuchanamo-Tete-Zobwe
highway; and a highway traffic signal system.

The last project also includes the purchase of equipment and paints to be
used in surface marking for 1,000 kilometers of asphalt roads and aquisition
of other special paints to mark the major highways throughout the country.
The financing amounts to $1.7 million.

The work should begin in the fourth quarter of this year, if a positive reply
is received promptly from the financing institution (The Kuwaiti Fund).

The agreement to finance this project was signed in Kuwait in February of
this year.

Bridge Repair

Following the signing of the financing agreement, bidding was opened
internationally to specialized firms for the repair of the Zambezi River
bridge. As is known, Tower Number 1, on the Matundo side, collapsed during
the 1978 floods.

According to our information, the repaits will consist in reinforcing Tower
Number 1, using injections of cement and constructing mini-piles, of about
10 meters, which will be placed beneath the present foundations.

After this operation, the supporting legs of Tower Number 1 will be cut away
and the tower will be raised to a vertical position, using eight 700-ton
capacity jacks.

According to Nuno Arez, of the National Directorate of Building Technology,
of the Ministry of Housing and Public Works, four of. the firms invited to
bid on the project have responded: two Portuguese firms, a Swiss firm and
an Italian company. The proposal of the Portuguese firm Teixeira Duarte
was approved. Its bid was submitted in association with the Mozambican
heavy engineering firm CETA.

28


[Article by Gono Gofo]

Roora the Basis of Our Society

[Text] IT is a risky adventure to tackle a wasp, particularly a big, dark “and

.dangerous one as Zingizi. But I have to put on my cap of courage, buttress-
ed and bolstered by the deep -conviction that Zingizi’s long tail, which
vharbours his murderous sting, must be sharply nipped before he does harm

ito our society,

Zingizi totally con-'
demned roora in his
‘columy last week. His use
‘of such words as “paid
for”, “sell”, “trade in
human beings” and other
commercial and .emotive
words shows glearly that
(he has fallen into the er-
lroneous pit of looking at
‘roora from the viewpoint
of foreign cultures and
+he money economy.

Roota origirfated and
‘operated in ‘a subsistence
‘economy. Therefore, the
“ase” of such. words as
“paying”, ‘“‘selling”, and
“buying” ts highly fal-
jacious and misleading,
Roora is not paid; it is de-
livered or given. And
roora itself is not a price,
‘as so many anthropolog-
ists and sociologists,
carelessly and ignorantly
assert.

SYMBOL

, 1 know Zingizi will
“What is
roora, then?” The answer
is simple: Roora is a sym-
bol. In no ne-literate
societies, contracts, which,
Uke in all societies, were
par: and parcel of the
‘people's lives, had to be
symbolised, . since . they
‘could not be recorded.

“The concept of sym-
‘bolism permeated all non-
(literate societies. You had
»to symbolise your love for
‘a girl by giving her a
“token, if she and her rela-
j tives were to take you
seriously; and she had to
l'give you a token
| (nhumbi), if she were to
feonvince you and your

t

\relatives. that she loved

Ig. you no longer love
‘your’ wife you give a
token (gupuro). Promises,
undertakings and loans in

attle, goats and” goods
BS symbolised through
( The “symbols did® not
need to have utilitarian or
intrinsic value at all. They
2 ly sticks, stones
pebbles which were of
smo value whatsoever, The
‘Tole they played was that
of symbolising the con-
tract; and in all situations
the symbols were kept to
act ag evidential exhibits
later when the occasion
demanded it.

I may be talking Greek,
but I pray that my Greek
‘is simple and intelligible;
so I proceed with the ex-
planation. You may. ask,
what does froora sym-
bolise, therefore? I am
happy to answer: It sym-
bolises a lot of things,
ome of them too im-

jonderable and intangible

conceptualise.
First’ and ‘foremost it
#ymbolises the ‘man's love
for his wife; it symbolises |
his ability to cherish and’
‘look after his wife and
convince her parents that
he is capable of sustaining
the lifestyle their daugh-
“ter is used to.

It, symbolises the rela-
tions that are established
between ~ the extended
families of the man and
woman who have married.
It is not a- marriage of
two people, but of two
families, and the two
people are, as it were, the
instruments for the
realisation of the rela-
tionship.

4t symbolises the
‘woman's and her parents’
‘confidence that she is a
full woman capable of dis-
charging her duties and
responsibilities as a wife.

Last but*not least, . it
symbolises the wish for
and belief of the man and

99

‘woman, as well as their
‘respective families, in the
fertility of the marriage
‘and the eventual  pro-
duction. of children who
will provide a tangible and
eternal cord linking the
‘two families.

Support from the two
families gives a sense of
security to the wife and
anchor: the marriage. *

I can swear with my
grandfather's white
‘beards that this 1s not
iGreek; but it is within the
grasp of an ordinary com-
.monsensigal mind.

I <totally agree with

Zingizi’s condemnation of
the commercialisation of
‘roora and the fiends be-
hind the corruption and
‘Pontamination of an excel-
‘lent custom,
| :
»_ _ TLLOGICAL ".....
* But to say that because
roora is being com~-
mercialised and abused by
‘some avaricious - people,
‘therefore it is bad, and
‘must be done away with is
to quarrel with logic.
Roora does not become
jwrong ‘because it is
abused, It is ‘the people
who abuse it who are
‘wrong and who should be
condemned. :

‘To suggest its abolition

on the grounds that it is
being abused is to suggest
the further victimisation
of the victim of abuse. It
is like suggesting the
abolition of the theft law
ecause some vile people
‘are violating it.
ESI am_ astounded that
Zingizi does not advocate
‘the - punishment of _ the
[violators of the ..roora
custom, and yet I know he
would be the first to
recommend severe punish-
ment for people who steal
fruit or maize on farms.
‘He would not condemn the
fruits and maize for bein;
stolen. .



MOZAMBIQUE

TEACHERS' ROLE IN DEFENSE AGAINST ARMED BANDS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 May 82 p 8

[Text] At the meeting with teachers from the city of Inhambane on Saturday,
Governor Alberto Sithole explained the aggressive activities of South
African imperialism, especially in our country. He stressed that in view
of the attempts to foment unrest among the people in our country, teachers
had great responsibilities in the struggle against armed bands.

The governor of Inhambane said that South African imperialism is arming and
financing outlaws to spread terror among the people, destroying social and
economic goals.

The governor said that the main targets of the armed bands are schools,
hospitals and other community and collective production centers.

"This is a clear example of imperialism's intention to agitate the people in
a country such as ours," he added.

He then spoke of the need for teachers to participate in self-defense courses,
and he referred to the heroic actions of some teachers in fighting back the
bands.

Meanwhile, in Vilanculos district, the administrator was meeting with dis-
trict directors, office heads and members of the ODM's for the same purpose.

At the meeting, the Vilanculos administrator stressed the need for the people
in general, and specifically workers, to become more involved in fighting the
armed bands.

The administrator of Vilanculos met the same day with people from two neigh-

borhoods in the district seat to discuss imperialism's disruptive activities
in our country and the ways to combat the bands.

9805
CSO: 4742/322

35



\ Ho
exchange shortages, the regime has
permitted the regular transfer of these funds. :

South'African companies including para- !
statal organisations such as ISCOR are
involved in joint ventures with Israeli
concerns, often in industries which then
export strategic goods to South Africa.

South African Israeli trade has risen
dramatically. The Financial Mail quoted
the Israel-South Africa Chamber of
Commerce Chairman as saying in September
1979: “Until a few years ago we used to |
trade in figures of $15 to $20 million, '
a fraction of each country’s $10 to $12
billion trade with the world. But. we are
now dealing in hundreds of millions of
dollars.” The same journal has estimated
that by the end of last year South African
sales to Israel should top one billion dollars.

Dramatic as these figures are they do
not in themselves reveal the strategic
importance of the trade nor its full extent.
It is not insignificant that within one year
of the 1967 war exports and imports
increased by over 40%. Similarly immed-
jately after the 1973 war, trade shot up
with Israel exports rising from $9m to
$12m and South Africa’s exports from
$i1.6m to $32m. .

The trade figures do not include the
very large purchase of South African
diamonds by Israel. Nor do they cover
the very flourishing arms trade between
the two countries,

Israel obtains strategic goods and minerals
from South Africa including chrome,
platinum, titanium and uranium, and there
is growing collaboration in’ various fields
of energy. Joint research projects have
been set up, and there is a regular exchange
of information and of technology, including
research into solar energy.

Anxious to reduce its dependence on oil
Israel has been expanding its use of coal,
and has found a ready source in South
Africa. In January 1979 an agreement
with the Transvaal Coal Owners Association
provided for the import of 750,000 to
1,000,000 tons of coal annually for the
Israeli Electric Corporation. By 1983,
Israel hopes to import up to 3 million
tons of coal from South Africa.

Agreement has been reached in principle
to supply the needs of the Hadera power
station, still under construction. Israel
has requested additional credits for this

purpose, and these have not yet been
finalised. It has been agreed that should it '
become necessary, the coal convoys from‘
South Africa are to be escorted to their
destination by South African and Israeli
naval forces.

Military Collaboration

Military cooperation between Israel and
South Africa, like ‘their economic: links,
is comprehensive. There are exchanges
of personnel, information and technology
at all levels. Israelis have served alongside
apartheid forces, and South Africans have
fought in Israel’s wars of aggression. In
addition, South Africa has provided stategic
minerals to Israel, helped finance Israel’s
arms and weapons production and has
received a variety of weapons from and
via Israel. ;

The extent of South African support
for Israel's wars of aggression was recently
revealed by Brig. Penn, a retired South
African officer. According to him, more
than 1000 racist South Africans had served
in the 1948 war that dispossessed the
Palestinians. In the military affairs maga-
zine Armed Forces he says:

“Although their numbers exceeded those
from America or Britain, the importance
of their contribution was essentially in the
military expertise which they brought
over as most of the volunteers were
experienced ex-army types.

“They supplied the core of medical
assistance, of special developments such
as artillery, and the Israeli Air Force owes
its birth to a ‘Vrystater’ from Bothaville —
a former Western Desert Squadron leader
named Sid Cohen who founded the IAF
with some old German made ME-109
fighters, which were later replaced by
Spitfires.

“Moreover ... the South African govern-
ment did not obstruct the volunteers. To
the contrary, I know from my own
experience that they tried to help us by
providing all the frugs and dressings asked
for, even though most of it was not made
here at the time ....”

Brig. Penn confirms earlier reports that
South African Mirages. were used in the
1967 war of aggression:

“General Dayan indicated to me that

60



a pupper theater. The objectives of ‘both types of centers are to give the
communities the technical means to listen to Mozambique's programs. They make
it possible to broadcast information useful to the public, to mobilize the
people for economic and [illegible] campaigns and to do research on broad-
casting.

"We are making the initial investments so that later on the villages can
finance themselves, to the extent possible. With the support of the
Communications Office and the Provincial Commissions for the Communal Villages,
the local people can build the necessary infrastructure for the:equipment
referred to. Movie receipts will cover expenses for the fuel consumed by

the generators and for the purchase of spare parts for the equipment," the
director added.

Priority for the Communal Villages

Since the communal villages are the areas where there are the greatest
concentration of rural people and good organization structures, and since
they are therefore part of. the strategy of the rural socialization program,
a component of the Prospective Indicative Plan, the Communications Office
has directed its full attention, in terms of projects, to these villages.
"We are directing all our activities to the communal villages because of the
role they play in the country's economic and social development."

Speaking further on the communication systém projects referred to earlier,
Juarez de Maia assured us that the actual- implementation of these projects
will begin shortly. During the first stage, to last until October, people
in the villages involved will be trained to handle the equipment and to
prepare the programs and messages to be broadcast through.the loudspeakers
and published in the local newspapers.

To this end, the Communications Office already has 35 Mozambicans: and three
foreigners highly specialized in audiovisual techniques, electrotechnology,
planning and research.

Training Local Correspondents

The Mozambican information agencies are currently experiencing a serious
shortage of trained persons located in various points around the country to
provide complete coverage of important events that tend to occur in those
places.

Elaborating on this subject, Juarez de Maia pointed out that the GCS, together
with the DTIP [Department of Party Ideological Propaganda] took full
responsibility for the work. Beginning next August, they will be conducting
a training program for local correspondents, in compliance with the guidelines
that came out of the last Coordinating Council af the Ministry of Information
held in the beginning of the year. The experiment will be conducted: in
Niassa, Cabo Delgado and Gaza. If the program has the expected satisfactory
results, it will be expanded next year to include more provinces.

31



AMCOAL EXPANDS TO MATCH ESCOM PACE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Jun

[Text] lamcoaL has consoli-

cso:

[dated its position as Es-
‘com's major coal sup-

iplier over the past 15 °

‘months, says chairman
*Graham  Boustred, in
his annual review.
Amcoal has  com-
umitted itself to finance
three large new collie-
‘ries to suuply coal for
“10 800 mW of new Es-
{com generating capaci-
ty. These collieries will
supply 40-million tons a
fyear when in full pro-
jduction and added to
‘it’s current supply to
‘Escom of some 23-mil-
lion tons of coal a year,
‘the new contracts en-
fable the group to im-
‘prove its positjon as Es-
*com’s major supplier.
| During the 15 months
'¥o last March the group
“began to develop the
‘first of these three pro-

com’s 3 600 mW Tutuka
power station from
11985.

** Central Mine at New

‘Denmark ‘colliery is ,
‘progressing well, and ©

‘the first of the two
céntilation shafts
feached the coal seam
dast December and the
ivertical service shaft
jand the inclined coal
yhaulding shaft are also
Sin coal. -

© Work is starting .on
ithe interconnection of

4700/1442

(these shafts, and given
mo unforeseen circum-
‘stances, coal produc-
tion should begin in the
“first half of the finan-
‘cial year ending March,
“1984 which, with Es-
‘com’s agreement, will
be some four to six
months ahead of pro-
gramme. ,

j, Work is also proceed-
‘ing on the overland con-
yeyors to the colliery
(crushing plant, which is
‘being constructed close
to the Escom coal

capital
cost of the colliery, up-
dated to December 1981
‘money values, is about
‘R389-million.

Escom had requested
‘Amcoal to submit an
extended offer to cover
a coal supply from the
‘New Vaal colliery for
an additional 1 800 mw
Lethabo power station,
‘so that the generating
‘capacity of that station
could be increased to
3600 mW. Escom has
accepted Amcoals offer.

New. Vaal will now be
a totally opencast col-
liery on Amcoal’s Mac-
cauvlei farm on the
coalfield, to the north
of the existing Cornelia
calliery. The colliery is
expected to start pro-
duction early in 1985,
ahead of the planned
“date of September, 1985
for commissioning of
the first generating set
‘at the station.

82 p 22

"Escom has awarded
‘-Amcoal the contract to
supply a new 3 600 mW
‘power station (present-
dy designated Station
“E”) which is planned
to begin generating in
September, 1989. “The
first generating set at
Station “E” is planned

wing at yearly inter-
yvals . thereafter. Coal
Production is planned
,to start in the latter
‘part of 1988, and full
‘output of about 15-mil-
lion sales tons a year is
“expected to be reached
rin 1995 following: the
-commssioning. of the
sixth generating set at
the station,

“The estimated capi-
tal cost ofthe colliery,
‘updated to December,
1981 money values, is
some R414-million but,
as in the case of New
‘Vaal, the final cost. to
completion will be high-
er than the December,
(1981 money value esti-
mate,” says Mr Bou-
istred.

63

SOUTH AFRICA



Let those who abuse
roora suffer, and not the
roora custom they abuse.

Zingizi makes the
joutrageous statement thet
(“a female is auctioned on
the roora market”, Oh la-
la! Come on, Zingizi,
where did you get that? I
am sure you know the
elementary commercial
principle that what you
buy you can sell, .

But what type of com-
modity is this which you
cannot resell, no matter
how broke you are, and no
matter how much you no
longer like it? What type
of commodity is it which
has to first fall in love
‘with’ you before you can
buy it?

What ‘type of com-
modity is it which is
prepared to elope with
you if its seller, the
father, refuses to sell it to
‘you? What type of com-
modity is it which remains
tied to its seller right up
to the day of its expiry?

' . MAIN ROOT

I hope this sufficiently
exposes the fallacy. and
absurdity of using such
palpably stupid and mean-
ingless terms as “buying”,
“selling” and “paying” in
reference ‘to the concept
and practice of roora,
which are ‘so common
among letter-writers _ to
ithe Press. If people suffer
ithe infirmity of ‘a limited
vocabulary, it is not wise
to shout it from roof-tops.
».-Sinee--we-are products
"of our culture, ike all
people, the abolition of
roora at this stage will
definitely undermine mar-
rlage, the family and our
society, because the fam-
ily is the basic and main
root of any society,

It is true to say that no
‘woman feels secure with a
man who symbolised noth-
ing to her parents and is,
therefore, .unknown and
unapproved by them; and
vice versa, no man feels
secure with a woman,
mukadzi wemapoto, (a con-
cubine), who is unknown
to and unapproved by
his parents and for whom
che hag symbolised nothing

cso: 4700/1447

to her parents. He cannot
‘eall her his wife; and she
‘cannot call him her hus-
band. Gono Goto will not
accept: her even if she is
as beautiful as the bright-
jest, star in the fir-
mament.

‘Any law abolishing or
undermining the influence
of roora can only, benefit
‘one percent of the women
‘of our society, who have

1d education and good
bs and can look after
themselves. These do not
need the’security provided
by their families.

‘The majority of the
women will be violently
deprived of the security
usually provided by their
families. They will suffer
acute mental problems,
eventually ending up at
menta} asylums, I can see
that happening as clearly
as I seé the horizon on a
bright, ‘sun-lit | Zimbabwe

‘ys

100



FURTHER REPORTAGE ON PREPARATIONS FOR ELECTIONS
FEDECO Okays NAP
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 25 May 82 p 1

[Article by Anene Ugoani]

[Text] 4 i Federal Electoral Commission (FEDECO)
has registered the Nigeria Advance Party

|AP) as a political party.

; .FEDECO has also re-registered the existing five

political parties—the NPN, UPN, NPP, GNPP and

ithe PRP. There was no men-_ .

ition ef the Progressive Peo-

Yesterday, «a

ple's Party eee twosed yes | official of the FEDE-
\terday by the executive secretary Pop ae nication
jof the commission, Alhaji Saidu = “was: thrown out- on
jBarda, FEDECO said only the two grounds.

“NAP, led by Mr. Tunji Braith- First: the PPP: had

{waite, was found among the’ ee cei
tZover-political organisations that 0 [unctioning offices
{PI for registration to’ have d by the C eq
‘fulfilled ‘all the conditions re- {TC DY the Constitu-
“quired. tion.
.. sues ‘Secondly: the com-

All the five registered political mission discovered
parties had continued to fulfil all ‘that the symbol of
the conditions under which they the PPP was not ori-
prere registered, FEDECO ginal .
added. a . “It is a duplication
i, It said that the registration of of the symbol of exis-
(NPN, UPN, NPP, PRP and the ting parties”
jGNIP made-in. 1978 had there- M id
fore, been renewed. 'y source said that
' ‘The decisions to register NAP FEDECO registered
and renew the registrations of the the Malam Aminu
existing. political parties were Kano faction of the
taken at its third meeting held in PRP. °
‘Lagos from May 18 to May 21.
|. ‘The commission disclosed that
it was now “‘in a state of readi-
ness’ to begin action on the revi-
© sion of voters’ register.

NIGERIA



_ Meanwhile, “Zambia Rail-
‘ways train crews in Ndola
yesterday went on strike in
protest against the ‘‘man-
handling’ of two of: their
colleagues by railway police.

The drivers,  shunters,
guards and observers walked
out after one of them was
handcuffed by the police on
the platform at the railway
station and the other was
put in handcuffs in the pre-
sence of his children.

The action by the crews

halted all train movements on,

the Copperbelt and by late

evening the management and‘

union officials were trying to
persuade the drivers to go
back to work. .

The men went on strike at
10.00 hours after news had
spread at the yard that
Copperbelt railway comman-
dant Mr Goodson Kasune had
allegedly arrested the pair.

They demanded to see Mr
Kasune to explain why he had
taken such action which was
not the normal practice in the
railway system when dealing
with cases of derailments.

The two drivers were in-
volved in a derailment at
Mabote near Kitwe on Thurs-
day. According to the strikers,
the crew is not supposed to be
arrested during investigation
into a derailment.

They said they were sur-
prised the management decid-
ed to arrest the men as if they
were ‘involved in a criminal
case. The arrested men were
understood to have been
taken to the derailment scene
in Kitwe but it was not
known whether they were in
cells or not.

An official of the Railway
Workers Union of Zambia Mr
Bobby Mambwe, who was
locked up in a meeting with

. the management, expressed

fears that the grounding of the
trains would cost Zambia
Railways a lot of money.

Some of: the engines which
are halted are on hire from the
South African Railways. No
official from the management
was available for a comment.

[Text] THE sacking of 400 wor-

kers by Zesco manage-
ment last Friday yes-
terday took a new turn
when. Lusaka Urban
governor Mr Simon
Mwewa stepped in and
ordered management
not to pay workers
their terminal benefits ,
while he looked into

the matter. j
Mr Mwewa summoned Zesco'
management, Zambia Elec-
tricity Workers Union offi-
cials and representatives
from the Ministry of Labour
and Social Services to his’
office today to discuss the
sackings. '
Zesco administrative manager
Mr Essie Mulonda said in
Lusaka company officials’

Mwewa Steps In

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 16 Jun 82 p 1

were preparing to pay off
the sacked workers when
an official from the
governor’s office arrived at
the. Zesco offices with
instructions to stop the pay-
ment.

A letter was signed by Lusaka
district political secretary Mr
Dominic Malunga.

Mr Mwewa yesterday refused

* to comment on the latest
developments saying he
would do so today.

The workers mostly labourers,
were tired.after they downed
tools in protest against
management’s alleged
failure to pay them wage
increments for the past two
years.

The company warned the
workers that their strike was
illegal and Zesco could not
be expected to be idle while

83

the work stoppage conti-

- nued.

Later, Mr Mulonda announced
that the strikers had been
sacked and the action was
in line with the recogni-
tion and collective agree-
ments worked out between
management and ZEWU.

ZEWU deputy chairman Mr
John Mwila could not con-
firm reports by some sacked
workers that union leaders
from the national head-
quarters in Ndola led by
national chairman, Mr
Philip Ilunga, were on their
way to Lusaka to meet
management over the sack-
ings.

Zesco lost 15,000 man-hours
in four days when workers
were on strike, a company
spokesman said in Lusaka.



ETHIOPIA

FRIENDSHIP COMMITTEES SET UP BETWEEN ETHIOPIA, SOCIALIST COUNTRIES

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 10 Jun 82 p 1

[Text] { Appis ABABA (ENA) — Five ‘and COPWE Central Committee Al-

friendship committees were formed
here yesterday to further ‘strengthen
‘relations between the Ethiopian broad
masses and the peoples of the socia-
list, progressive and peace-loving co-
‘ The committees, formed at a cere-
mony in the Headquarters of the
‘Ethiopian Peace and Golidarity Com-
‘mittee (EPSC), were the Ethio-
Vietnam, EthioGDR, Ethio-PDRY,
‘Ethio-Cuba and Ethio-Helenic Friend-
© Comrade Dr. Teferra Wonde, Minis-
‘ter of Health and COPWE Central
‘Committee ‘member, was named
‘Chairman of the Ethio-Viemam Fri-
cendship Committee, Comrade Girma
‘Yilma, Minister of Information and
\National Guidance and COPWE Cen-
tal Committee member of the Ethio-
‘GDR Friendship Committee, Com-
‘of Agriculture and COPWE Central
Committee member of the’ Ethio-
PDRY Friendship Committee, Com-
wade Tesfaye Maru, Minister of Urb-
can Development and Housing, of the
iEthio-Cuba Friendship Committee and
Comrade Desta Bishaw, Permanent
Secretary of the Ministry of Finance

‘ternate member of the Ethio-Helenic
Friendship Committee.

Comrades drawn from government
organizations, COPWE and mass as-
sociations were. also made members
of the five Friendship. Committees.

The Chairmen of the five Friend-
ship Committees spoke on the occa-
sion underlining the role of their re-
spective: committees towards: strength-
ening existing’ relations ‘between So-
cialist Ethiopia and'the countries with
‘whom the friendship committees have
‘been formed and in familiarizing the
struggle, life style and other aspects
of those countries, with the people of
Ethiopia. :

The role of expected of the Friend-
ship Committees towards realizing the
goals of the Revolutions of Socialist
Ethiopia and of the friendly countries
| was also noted.

. Discussions were also held stress-
ing the significant role expected of
the Friendship Committees for the
‘enhancement of relations — between
Socialist Ethiopia and the five friend-
ly countries in the fields of culture,

‘Viterature, education and other areas.

_ Ambassadors and Embassy officials



NIGERIA

Further Reportage on Preparations for Elections

(DAILY TIMES, various dates) sccsscccscscccccceccces

FEDECO Okays NAP, by Anene Ugoani

NAP Leader Pleased

NDAP Leader Protests

GNPP Leader Decision Needed

NAP: No Alliance

No Rigged Elections, by Frank Akinola
Unregistered Parties May Reapply, by Anene Ugoani
Revision of Voters! Register

Some Lebanese, Syrians, Indians Scored as Not Law-Abiding

(Editorial; DAILY TIMES, 29 May 82) .... .

Warnings Issued on Progressive Peoples Party

Briefs

SENEGAL

Briefs

(SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN, 23 May 82, NEW NIGERIAN,
13 May 82) ..scssese

occ cccccccccce

ee ccccee

Balarabe Warns PRP, by Emman Udoka
GNPP Executive President, by Waziri Ibrahim
Resignation in Rimi's Cabinet, by Mike Reis

Car Parts Factory

War Ships Acquired

Another Book on Shagari

Oil Production for March

Oil Production Figures

Political Activities Ban Lifted
Candidates Barred From Elections
Dock Workers End Strike

Concern Over Israeli Invasion
Rice Production Growth Urged
Kano Teachers Begin Strike
Rivers Teachers End Strike
Comments on Haig Resignation ,
Firearms Applications Halted
Vienna OPEC Meeting

Donor's Meeting on Forests
Saudi Loan
Peanut Purchases

-c-

ya

6

7


The water level of Massingir reservoir is below the low level mark for
periods of normal rainfall. This conclusion was reached after anlyzing re-
cently completed pluviometric charts.

At a certain point he said that this natural disaster in the country is being
aggravated by direct intervention in Mozambique by South Africa, which is
arming, training and financing bands of agitators.

It is critical to assist the people affected by the drought in Nampula, as
this is the area that was the hardest hit.

To do so, the provisions and medicine donated by the international community
must first be distributed by medical centers and community organizations.

This, however, does not mean that people living in areas far from these
distribution centers should not receive aid. On the contrary, these people
should reap the benefits wherever there are organized groups.

During the meeting, two cases that, because of their nature, deserved the at-
tention of the participants were brought up. At the time food was distributed
in Inhambane Province during the last drought, the people who lived away from
the food receiving and distribution centers were left out since those living
nearby consumed everything.

The other case involves the attitude of a religious organization that recently
visited Nampula Province. According to that organization, the food should be
distributed by the afflicted people themselves, "because the Christian?com-
munity living outside the villages still might not receive anything."

The home trade minister clearly and categorically stated that, on an inter-
national basis, this measure was discriminatory and that in the view of our
country it was Mozambican citizens who were afflicted by the drought and not
groups of persons previously segregated because they profess one religion or
another.

In conclusion, he reported that in the next 2 or 3 weeks, a similar meeting

was going to be held in Maputo, to include the entire diplomatic corps and
all the international organizations accredited to Mozambique.

9805
CSO: 4742/322

38



RAND HITS RECORD LOW WITH DECLINE OF GOLD PRICE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Jun 82 pp 1, 2

{Article by Don Wilkinson]

[Text] WITH the gold price

cso:

tumbling to its lowest le-
vels since August 1979 —
‘and possibly set to fall
still further — while the
wand was struggling to
recover to 89¢ to the US
dollar, yesterday was a

black day for South Afri-
fea in world commodity
Yand currency markets.
& Responsible for most
“of the mayhem was the
‘strength of the US dol-
sar. Boosted by the cur-
;rent high level of inter-
‘est rates in that country
— which makes the dol-
lar attractive and deters
“people from holding gold
‘because of the loss of in-
iterest — the US curren-
Sey was running at a 12-
fyear peak against the
“eurrencies of its major
trading partners.

Record low

F
&
b- For the rand, ‘this
| meant a drop in its value
i below 89c when the mar-
ket opened, to a new re-
Ecord low of 88,80c before
fit recovered slightly to
fclose at 89,02/09c, while
jit ended the day gener-
ally firmer against Con-
‘tinental ‘currencies.
Gold closed in London

4700/1442

last night at $305/305,50,

‘having fallen steadily all
day. It is now a far cry
from the all-time peak of
$850 reached in January,
1980, and also well below
the $262 level attained
during the Anglo-Argen-
tine conflict.

Neither that, nor the
Middle East hostilities
in Lebanon — played
much of a part in boost-
ing the bullion price, un-
like past conflicts which
haye inevitably.‘ raised
thé metal’s value, large-
ly thanks to the activi-
ties of speculators.

” Important

Now that the conflicts
have subsided, at least
for the present, it is not
surprising that dealers

_in the main bullion niar-

kets foresee the strong
“possibility that the price
‘will test $300, an import-
ant psychological level
for many ‘speculators
‘and chartists,

wuts k aa

“This possibility be-

comes even more likely
‘in view of the continued
strength of the US cur-
rency, buoyed up as it is
by the fact that interest
rates in that country
now offer’a positive re-
turn over inflation.

Additionally, with (a
massive US Budget defi-
cit in prospect, there
seems little likelihood of
any substantial fall in
US interest rates.

In the. past, invest-
ment in gold has offered
a prospect of a hedge
against the ravages of
inflation. At present,
however, inflation rates
in many major countries
are comparatively low as
the recession continues.

The éffect of this lat-
ter is also bad, not only
for gold, but for. the
Prices of many of-South
Africa’s other minerals
which are also heavily
depressed because of
lack of: demand, .

69

SOUTH AFRICA


ZAMBIANS OF ASIAN ORIGIN HELPING NATION DEVELOP ECONOMICALLY

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 17 Jun 82 p 4

[Article by Terence Musuku]

[Text] ;ZAMBIANS of Asian

origin who are frequent-
ly attacked as exploiters
of the-worst kind are in
‘fact helping Zambia
;develop economically.
Think for a moment:
; Whatever you have as‘a
personal possession, maybe
what you are eating using,
“buying or, better still, what-
ever service you are enjoying
could be among those: pro-
vided by these Zambians
directly or indirectly.

Without them Zambia
-could have been worse off.

For " historical _ reasons,
Zambia's economy has been,
by and large, British-orient-
ed — just like in other
former British colonies. But,
Hollowing the attainment of
independence in 1964, and
the econotnic reforms of
1968 many companies start-
ed winding up one after an-
other.

This, coupled with other”
extraneous factors, has.

accounted for the economic
-tetrogression Zambia is ex-
periencing. Unemployment’
another result.

The economic situation is
going from bad to worse and
‘things are just not looking
iup.

Zambians of Asian origin
however, continue to ably set
‘up various industries and
factories mostly in towns.

F “A lot more are sprouting
jout — some are under con-
‘struction or pending commis-
sioning.

Simultaneously, other
such Zambians are helping to
meet the country’s man-
power requirements in teach-
ing, medical, engineering,
agricultural, mining and
other professional fields: _

Most of .the locally made

‘merchandise is manufactur-
ed in factories they own.
' The-same equally applies
to farm products you buy
these days in some State-
‘owned shops. They are’supp-
‘fied, more.often than not, by
oIndian farmers.

The economic services
itiade available in Zambia by
Indian nationals range, . to
dmention a few, laundries,
‘garages. bakeries, trans-
port. distribution, retail and
wholesale shops, various
factories and industries and,
ately. farming.
|. People Jiving in the mining
‘towns of Kitwe, Luanshya,
Chingola, Mufulira and Chi-
lilabombwe can. perhaps
dittle appreciate how these
‘Zambians derided as exploit-
lers, have become the coun-
“try’s economic “‘redeem-
ers.”

But residents of Ndola,
(Lusaka and Livingstone—not
[excluding Kabwe — _ fully
appreciate the, indispensabi-
(lity. of these factory-owners

78

‘and industrialists they have
Fin their midst.

For, they may work for a
:Mr Patel, Desai or Parmar to
earn their living. At least,
ithey have a kind of employ-
ment.

Asian tycoons. of course,
‘have been attacked, left,
‘tight and centre, for offering
“‘ill-conditions of service” to
Zambian employees. They
jare infamous, too, for
jemploying their relat-
ives ~— __ sons and broth-
ers — to hold key positions in
their companies.

But, this practice applies

to other emplovers too. It
is determined by ‘‘blood
being thicker than water’
consideration. ‘

When, for argument’s
sake. you appraise the exist-
ing British, Italian, French
or Germany — companies
operating in Zambia, you will
find out that they all deliber-
‘ately employ their respective
nationals in key positions.

Even Zambian companies
are managed on family basis.
It is one human practice
:too difficult-to change.

These. Zambians like all
other human-beings.. have
thus failed to - extricate
‘themselves from this human
weakness.” But, to their
chagrin. they are treated as
the worst exploiters.

In any situation, however,
there is always another side
of the coin. Indian nationals,

ZAMBIA



245050

JPRS 81287
15 July 1982

)

Sub-Saharan Africa Report |

No. 2659

180 92809661

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

pepronuced BY H
NATIONAL TECHNICAL |
| INFORMATION SERVICE | §
US, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE LA
| { /¢
//0

SPRINGFIELD, VA. 2216)

Ade



Pekis, Tsitos Clash Again
(Jubilant Atuwos GHANATAN TIMES, 11 Jun 82) ...ccceee

Briefs
Libya's Faith in Ghana
Ghana-Cuba Meeting
Release of Prisoners
Libyan Relations

MOZAMBIQUE

Shortage of Nonessential Items Seen Harmful
(NOTICIAS, 22 May 82) sscccscccccscccccccccccescceecs

World Lutheran Federation Donations
(NOTICIAS, 21 May 82) ssvecccccccccccccccscseccsccces

Communique on Defection of Security Chief
(NOTICIAS, 8 Jun 82) cecccccccccccccccccsccsccesccccs

Kuwaiti Funds for Zambezi Bridge
(NOTICIAS, 9 Jun 82) .

Rebroadcast Centers Established in Communal Villages
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 27 May 82) sheccccccveccccccce

Initial Group of Students Departs for GDR
(NOTICIAS, 18 May 82) ceccccccccccccccccsscscccccsece

Talks With Portuguese on Waterways Cooperation
(NOTICIAS, 9 Jun 82) ..

eee ee cccceccccccccccce

Teachers! Role in Defense Against Armed Bands
(NOTICIAS, 2) May 82) ..cccccccccececccesccccccsccece

New Tank, Freight Cars Added to Central Railroad
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 17 May 82) .sccccccscceccccecs

Threatening Drought Situation, Poor Aid Distribution
Noted
(NOTICIAS, 15 May 82) .cccccccccccccccccccececacecece

Czech Assistance, Present, Future Trade Reviewed
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 18 May 82) .ecesccccccccecsece

Briefs
Official to Bulgaria, USSR
Tete Road Construction
Italian Metalworking Training

-b-

19

20
20
21
21

22

2h

26

28

30

33

3h

35

36

37

39

ho
ho


MOZAMBIQUE

COMMUNIQUE ON DEFECTION OF SECURITY CHIEF
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 8 Jun 82 p 3

[Text] Following is the full text of the communique released
yesterday by the Ministry of Security regarding the defection
of Jorge Manuel da Costa, an official of that ministry.

1. At 0630 hours on 7 June, Jorge Manuel Antunes da Costa, an official of the
Ministry of Security, turned himself over to higher officials of the South
African Security Police. Antunes was in South Africa ona service mission.

2. The defection process is a familiar one in our liberation struggle, in the
struggle of any people against oppression, domination and exploitation.

3. We have always found that defections occurred particularly when the
struggle was progressing, when popular interest was intensifying and
infiltrators were being detected.

In our country, two important campaigns are in progress:

a) The Legality Offensive within the Defense and Security forces, to detect
infiltrators and put an end to abuses and violations of the rights of citizens.

b) The campaign to have those once involved with the colonial capitalist
ideology and its repressive system to free themselves from their shameful
past. and denounce the crimes committed and their authors.

4. Jorge Manuel Antunes da Costa opposed the Legality Offensive by various
means, specifically by conducting insidious and subtle campaigns against the
denunciation of abuses and violations of the rights of citizens. He portrayed
the Legality Offensive as a disincentive to the defense and security cadres
and a capitulation to reaction. His subversive campaign was intensifying

day be day.

5. At the Ministry of Security, Jorge Manuel Antunes da Costa has been

accused particularly of creating instability and terror among Mozambican
citizens and foreigners of the white race.

26



ZAMBIA

TAZARA SOURCE IN LUSAKA CONFIRMS CARGO, PASSENGER RATE HIKES

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 17 Jun 82 p 2

[Text] TAZARA is to hike ta- ~ agricultural products to en-
riffs on both cargo and. < courage farmers. :
passenger services with The line has been dogged by

effect from July 1. serious operational prob-

A source within-the organisa- lems this year. resulting
tion confirmed this in Lu. from lack of locomotives but
saka yesterday but declined aces were being taken to
to give details of the increa- uy some from West Ger-
ses... many.

‘It is true tariffS. will go up* The 1981 economic report said
“from July 1 but we will give cargo on Tazara had drop-
details. to. our customers ped by 16 per cent and the
when they approach us”, he Zimbabwe route -was: play
said. os ing a more significant role in
A recent issue of Tanzania's the haulage of Zambia's ex-
daily news says passenger . Ports and imports.
and cargo tariffs have gone
up by ten and 20. per cent
tespectively and the new
increases had been occasio-
ned by increasing operatio-
nal costs.
The increments have’ come
within six months. after the
corporation had last raised
~ tariffs. In January Tazara
‘announced 17 per cent tariff
increments making it 37 per
“cent within the first half of
1982, But the corporation in
February reduced tariffs on

cso: 4700/1448

85



PARTY, GOVERNMENT MOVES TO DEVELOP KAPIRI MPOSHI REPORTED

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 16 Jun 82 p 5

[Text]

CSO:

THE Party and its Government is making efforts ‘to
turn Kapiri Mposhi into a full boma, a top Party of-

ficial has said.

Central Province Member of
the Central Committee Mr
Samuel Mbilishi said this when
Kapiri Mposhi residents
presented him_a_ petition
demanding a district hospital,
an ambulance, a secondary
school and improved water
system to cater for the growing
population.

Kapiri, a former township
council before decentralisa-
tion, is now a sub-centre of
Kabwe Rural district council.

The petition was presented
to Mr Mbilishi by general
manager of Kapiri Glass Fac-
tory Mr Kafula Mwila when the
‘Central Committee member
addressed a public. meeting at
the Kapiri Glass club-house on

ry.

Mr Mbilishi assured -
residents that discussions to
i istrict status were

e.

Kapiri becomes a fulll
boma, the question of a district
hospital, a secondary school
and other social amenities
would be automatic.

Presenting a petition Mr
Mwila said Kapiri residents
wanted the Government to
build a secondary school to
cater for six primary schools in
the area.

Many pupils who qualified
for Form One each year failed

4700/1448

to secure accommodation and
transport to and from Kabwe
Urban for secondary school
education because of the
distance involved.

Kapiri Rural health centre
needed an ambulance for
emergency cases as the nearest
hospital was 68 km to Kabwe
and 115 km to Ndola.

Supporting Mr Mwila,
Kabwe Rural governor Mrs
Eunice Phiri said Kabwe Rural
district council had no money
to buy the ambulance because
its estimates for this year had
been pruned by the provincial
council.

Meanwhile, Mr Mbilishi
said people saying the Party
and its Government had done
nothing since Independence
were treacherous. .

“In my opinion, such people
should be hanged because it is
high treason to say we have
done nothing for the people.””

Mr Mbilishi said it pained

him to hear people saying’

there was nothing the Party
and Government. leadership
had done since Independence.
Zana

80

ZAMBIA


{systematic distribution system is prac:

‘In that connection, the article. not-
fed the role played by the Ethiopian
‘Domestic Distribution , Corporation
(EDDC), It was pointed out that
‘the centralization of the distribution
‘system has created conducive condit-
‘ions for the broad masses to benfit from
‘the fruits of the Revolution on an
equitable basis. The article underlin-
ved the healthy relations that should
exist between EDDC and the leader-
‘ship of the various mass ‘ organiza-
tions that safeguard the masses from
fexploitation under profiteering busi-
fmessmen. -
‘Regional Cooperation

' |The growing Ethio-Djibouti rela-
‘tions was noted by the, Arabic langu-
‘age weekly, AlAlem. The paper, in
an editorial comment, observed that
the deepening ‘relations between tho
two countries is typical of commend-
“able regional co-operation based on
mutual. respect, confidence and_non-
linterference in internal affairs.

>” As regards the jime-tested good
‘neighbourly relations between Ethio-
pia ard. Dyibouti, Al-Alem pointed out
‘the geographic proximity of the two
countries and the historic and cul:
ytural ties between their two peoples,
~and recalled the assistance provided
by Ethiopia during the. struggle of
; Djibouti for national independence.
“The Arabic language weekly outlined:
ithe efforts being exerted with a view

csO: 4700/1450

{to promoiing the interests of the peo-
ples of Ethiopia and Djibouti.
© The second year of COPWE's com-
mencement of its official activities is
nearing. This was the subject of edito-
rial comment of the Amharic weekly,
Yezareitu Ethiopia. The paper recall-
ed the lack of central party leader-
ship at the upsurge of the popular
revolution and the gradual giving
‘way of spontaneity through leader-
‘ship provided by the  Revolution-
ary Government and later COPWE.

Yexareitu outlined the democratic
steps taken over the past eight years
with a view to realizing the better.
ment of the life of the Ethiopian
broad masses. The weekly underlined
the encouraging results. attsined in
the political, ideological
and organizational spheres over the
‘past two years of COPWE’s activitics
sand noted. that these are testimonies
‘to the fact that a reliable and firm
foundation has’ been - laid. for the
establishment of the party of. the
Working People of Ethiopia.

An’ editorial comment — by . the

Oromo language weekly, Barisa focus-

‘sed on the current election of AETU
‘and AEPA in accordance with the
‘objectives of the recent proclamations
‘on restructuring and reorganizing
‘Ethiopian’ workers atid the peasants.
‘Barisa pointed out the part played hy
‘the two organizations during the pasy
“years of class struggle, and underlined
‘the need for their further strengthen-
‘ing with a view to realizing the ulti-
imate objectives of the Revolution.

economic,



: Yeh! the contention amo
ie various political parties is
at, especially among the pro-
{ We. is that National Party
‘of Nigeria has a programme
‘which has no affirmity to the
UPN and the PRP and your own
GNPP. Now if the UPN or NPP
‘has come to power and has decid-
‘ed to call on the other political
‘parties to join you or to come
together and offer this construc-
tive opposition, then people will
*begin to wonder whether you
don't have any. respect for
ideological learning in terms of
political parties that are coming
together.

A: No, when I was minister of
Economic Development during,
Abubakar Tafawa_ Balewa’s
regime I went to Parliament as a
minister and I will give you a
copy of it if you remind me,
Yusufu. Now, when I started talk-
ing, members of parliament
‘started saying oh! ‘good minister,
‘good minister, Then I stopped,
and I tell you what.I said. 1 said
you members of parliament, you
spoil us instead of urging us,
‘criticising us to do our best in
discharging .our duties. .I said
“you have started flattering us and
I suggested to them that if they
are not happy with what we are
doing, they should throw row
‘eggs at us, abuse us. That alone
would make us do our dutiés.
Therefore, I believe in criticism.
If you want & government to
succeed, that government should.
allow free criticism because
nobody is perfect and it is the
other fellow who is in the opposi-
'tion party that can give, call the
‘attention of the president or
governors to what is wrong. If
'they call your attention, for ex-
ample when Chief Awolowo said
the economy was sick, at that
time things would, *
have been looked into. We all
knew that things were bad and
‘needed improvement, but I have
always been careful about one
thing. I wouldn’t like to make a
criticism that would give impres-
ssion to people that we are just
destructive or that we are in-
stigating people against the
government. I don’t like it, and to
the Nigerian journalists, the
Television, all of you guys, if you
say something, constructive

,. Then,

‘criticism in all probability it is
\twisted to-appear as if it were
deliberate criticism to bring down
ithe government. ‘That 1s why I
have been careful. But if I were
the Presient I would enjoy
nothing more than constructive
‘eriticism, answering one
criticism after the other without
bitterness.

Q: — Alhaji Waziri, after the
formation of the PPA and the
emergence of another associa-
tion, the PPP, you were quoted to
have had some misgivings of cer-
rtain developments and you are
‘quoted as saying that you and
Chief Obafemi Awolowo have
‘been stabbed at the back. As a
Statement which puzzles people.
what. led to that statement?

A: — At the Maiduguri summit
we agreed that although the
ideal form of alliance or coming
‘together is the merger, you see,
the ideal thing is to merge and
form one political party. Chief Awo-
and myself said that for now, the
merger issue should be discussed
after the 1983 election. But then
we said, nevertheless, if any of
the two members of the PPA
would like to merge, they. are
allowed to do so, and form. the
PPP. That PPP was really men-
tioned.

After we had left Maiduguri,
the application to register the
“PPP was submitted to FEDECO
Why I said I have been stabbed at
the back'was, up to now. up to the
time that Iam speaking to you
now, I have'no idea of who in the
GNPP signed on behalf of the
|GNPP, except my deputy presi-
ident, Nnana Ukegbu, who is now
ithe provisional chairman of the
|PPP was one of the signatories.
why 1 said Chief
, Awolowo has also been stabbed at
ithe back is, courtesy demands
jthat at least, he should have been
told that, in accordance of the
‘provisions made at the
Maiduguri summit, GNPP, PRP.
Imoudu and NPP are now going to
apply for the registration of the
‘PPP
But at the time they made the

pplication neither Chief Awo nor

(myself were informed. It was in
‘bad faith. We have been stabbed

at the back because, if three or.
four of us agreed to do something,
‘at least in something like three of
the parties coming together to
‘register the PPP, we should: have

50

jbeen informed: ‘That is. what T
mean by being stabbed. It’s not
‘fair. It’s not gentlemanly.

Q: — But you said this thing
was worked out at the Maiduguri
-summit.

A: — Yes, but without my
"knowledge. AS a matter of fact, it
is only now that I am learning
about the PPP. I was ‘told bv
somebody that “look, Waziri you
‘didn’t know, right when you were
discussing at the Maiduguri sum-
mit and infact I was told, for
nearly 18 months, ‘thé PPP con-
stitution and other things were
under discussion.” _

That is true because; at ‘one
time, the nine progressive gover-*
nors, some of them sought ap-
pointment with me. I gave them.
They came to Lagos and
presented me with the manifesto
and the constitution of the PPP
jand the following day they
presented it to Chief Awolowo.
That happened sometime last

ear. But then, I didn’t even
look at it because I just don’t
believe in the four parties merg-
ing. As a result, I didn’t read it.
And at the Maiduguri summit
when the constitution of the PPP
was introduced, and distributed
_to us, it was half completed then.
they said some of the pages will
,be coming.

When I got it I annoyed the
;summit because I said, look at
‘this constitution of the PPP, I
would not even read it. I, who
have practical experience ‘of
more than 15 years than those
who have drafted this thing, I
said I would not even read it. So I
just put it like that. I refused even
to read it. So, that is the position.
* I opposed’ it right from. the
beginning because I don’t believe
a merger would work. Reasons:
fin the GNPP itself, we have not
fused; we have been quarréling

Tight from the beginning of the
Iparty up to now and then in the’
-NPP Senator Anah has just said
that he has dismised Azikiwe and
so on.

With the exception of the UPN
which is a much older party,
there is now lack of co-operation
within all other political parties.
In mine, we have not merged
amongst ouselves. You have got
‘my own ‘faction (Wazirawa.).
Goni’s —' (Gonawa) GNPP of
Barde of Gongola (Bardawa). So"
within the same GNPP, we
‘have at the moment, the three’

d



ROAD RECONSTRUCTION, DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM REPORTED

Harare THE HERALD in English 12 Jun 82 p 1

[Text] gram programe t

cso:

“Feconstruct and develop
‘Zimbabwe's road network
fig to cost $135 million by
tthe middle of 1985, the
‘Minister of Roads and
Road Traffic, Mr Daniel
jNgwenya, announced at
‘the ACCOZ © congress
‘yesterday.
At the samé meeting,
é Postmaster - Genera
ir Geoffrey Mills, sal
140 million was ear-
fmarked for developing the
‘eountry’s communications
seystem.
: The Minister of Trans-
rt, Mr Farai Masango,
Baaca that $5 million was
‘tobe spent on strengthen-

ing Bulawayo airport’s
runway as ‘was an ur-
gent matter.

Giving details of his
ministry's plans, Mr
Ngwenya said the state
programme involved. 51
Yoad and bridge projects
covering, the period from
‘July 1981 to June 1985,

He explained that, of
Zimbabwe's 85.000km of
roads, 18 000 km were the
responsibility of the
ministry, 40000km came
under Local Government

,and Town _ Planning,
22000km under rural

councils and 5000km
were looked after by.
muntetpalities. .

The first priority was to
improve the roads that
served the rural areas and

4700/1447

‘so 800km of high stan-
dard gravel roads were to
‘be built in these areas.

Ten high-level bridges
were to be built to help
the transport situation: in
the communal _ lands,
particularly during the’

,Painy season.

A. further 500km of
extensive road reconstruc-
‘tlon’ for both gravel and
surfaced roads was to be
undertaken to improve
services as a whole.

He added that there
was an ongoing pro-
gramme .of road main-
,tenance in the rural areas
‘which amounted to 800 km
“per year,

Questioned on = im»
‘proving bus services, Mr
Ngwenya said bus ¢
(patiles were restricted by
‘foreign exchange short-
ages for new chassis and
spare parts;

There were adequate
“provisions in the Act to
grant permits to opera-
‘tors, but he d to
amend the legislation to
streamline the’ process of
‘issuing permits.

Mr Mills outlined the
difficulties under which
the PTC was operating,
and said that in Harare
alone there was a demand
| for 10 000 telephones,
| Be scid that in the past
there had been no real
funds for

(programme, it was hoped
there wag enough cash to
satisfy the whole countrys

92

A microwave link would
be set up between Bula-
‘wayo, “Livingstone ° and
Francistown, an inter-
national exchange link
would be built at Gweru
by 1984, but the lead time
on supplying telephones

wag still 34 to three years,

had been given a high
priority, and $18 million
vwas to be spent on the
| Ron-commercial sector, of
which $5 million was com-
ing from the Saudi De-
velopment Fund.

‘This scheme, hich had
already . been! .

would provide’ one tele-
phone’ for 500 in-
‘habitants or ohe for every
(Skm radius 4 which 150
‘to 500 people live

Tt was mentioned that
television links would be
extended to, Nyanda dis-
trict, then | to Victoria
Fells and then to areas
north of Harare in the

under active
sideration, plans to
expand facilities at Bula-
wayo airport, ‘would be
started in 1983/4;

Early construction of a
new area at
Harare airport was, how-
ever, out of the question
because of other demands
on resources. Alternative

solutions’, were being
looked at, said Mr
Masango; i,

ZIMBABWE



P O Master, is presently enjoying his prize of a working cruise to the United King-
dom.--Sapa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 21 Jun 82 p 8]

ANC TREASON TRIAL--The trial date for three alleged members of the banned African
National Congress (ANC) on charges of high treason relating to attacks in Soweto
and Pretoria has been brought forward to July 5. Mr Thelle Simon Mogoerane, Mr
Jerry Semano Mosoldi and Mr Marchus Thabo Motaung appeared in the Pretoria Supreme
Court on June 1, but their case was postponed to August 2 to allow Mr Motaung to
prepare his defence. The hearing has been brought forward by the Judge~President,
Mr W J Boshoff, the defence team and the State prosecutor. The charges are related
to attacks on Capital Park Power station and the Wonderboompoort police station in
Pretoria, and the Moroko and Orlando police stations and the New Canada and Mzimhlope
railway line in Soweto.--Sapa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Jun
82 p 13]

WHEAT IMPORTS CONTINUE--South Africa would have to import wheat to meet local demands
despite expectations of a good wheat harvest this year, the Deputy Minister of Com-
merce and Tourism, Mr D W Steyn, said in Pretoria yesterday. Opening the Transvaal
Agricultural Union congress at Silverton, he said South Africa was still unable to
produce enough wheat to meet the country's needs. Current production and consumer
tendencies indicated that the Republic would have to continue to import wheat regu-
larly--no matter in how small a quantity--for the next few years, by which time it
hoped to be self-sufficient. Wheat was a vital source of nutrition and the Govern-
ment had to ensure there was never a shortage. It was imported more cheaply than
it cost to produce, Mr Steyn said.--Sapa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in Eng-
lish 18 Jun 82 p 8]

PIK'S PLANE CRASHLANDS--A light aircraft piloted by an MP with Mr Pik Botha and his
private secretary on board made a crashlanding in the Northwestern Cape near Upington
yesterday afternoon. The Minister of Foreign Affairs, the MP for Gordonia, Mr Ja-
pie van Wyk and the Minister's private secretary, Mr Stephen Allridge, were on
their way to Nuniput in the Kalahari when the aircraft developed trouble. Nobody
was injured in the crash-landing 30 km north of Upington just after 1.15 pm. The
group was on its way to meet the MPC for Kalahari. When the plane, developed prob-
lems, smoke filled the cabin. Mr Van Wyk had to act quickly as the aircraft was
losing altitude fast. He landed on rough ground near building debris. A witness
said the aircraft had just cleared a 2 m high dam wall before it hit the ground.
The three men resumed their trip to Nuniput by car later in the afternoon. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Jun 82 p 1]

DISTURBANCES AT TWO GOLD MINES--Large-scale unrest is reported from two
western Transvaal goldmines. The South African Press Association reports
that thousands of miners were involved in the disturbances in which mine
property was destroyed and cars stone. Police used tear gas during the un-
rest, and several injuries were reported. Large numbers of police are at
the West Driefontein and Buffelfontein mines, and the situation is de-
scribed as tense. A Driefontein mine official says about 7,000 miners re-
fused to start work today. Miners and management are discussing the reasons
for the outbreak. At GENCOR's Buffelsfontein mine, management gave no de-
tails of the unrest. Police say half the miners have refused to work. [Text]
{MB020920 Umtata Capital Radio in English 0900 Gm 2 Jul 82]

CSO: 4700/1491 7



The work of these correspondents will be forwarded to the Communications
Office which, after an initial checking, will send it on to RM [Radio
Mozambique] and the Mozambican Information Agency for later circulation

by the national information organs. The same people will also be responsible
for supplying information to the Frelimo Party's information organs. "In this
we will be working in close collaboration with the Department of Ideological
Propaganda."

Macua, Xangane and Maconde Dictionaries

An important point referred to by the director during the interview with our
reporter involved a project being carried out by the GCS.

It is a research project on the development of communal villages and their
perception and retention of information, as. well as another project to study
the languages of Mozambique.

"This year we are going to publish a dictionary of national languages, including
maconde, macua and xangana. At the present time we have made a great deal of
progress in conducting a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the content
of communications in the People's Republic of Mozambique. In the next few
months we will be publishing a number of papers related to this," he said.

Mobile Units

In the next few months, two mobile communications units will begin operating
in many communal villages in Niassa and Cabo Delgado. Two units are currently
circulating in neighborhoods in the city of Maputo and in Gaza Province.

By the end of 1982, all the units, which already number four, should be
circulating through 300 communal villages. Each unit should reach 12 to 15
communal villages a month on the average.

According to Juarez de Maia, these mobile units will make it possible to link
the various villages and can respond immediately to calls to mobilize for
different campaigns launched in the country. They are extremely beneficial,
because, in addition to playing an important information role, they do not
require large investments and they are easy to maintain.

Elaborating on this point, Juarez de Maia said that "for this type of work,
which is also a major source of research on the development of communal
villages and means of communications, we are using Land Cruiser vehicles
which have been adapted and equipped with generators, amplifiers, radios,
tape recorders, projectors, etc."

9805
CSO: 4742/327

32



No Rigged Elections

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 28 May 82 p 1

[Article by Frank Akinola]

[Text]

fo rig next year’s elections.
Under: th

psive (ord

ey

}
uid. ensure that
‘mto: registration
s of not. mare than 2/000 voters.
3 these areas would then be divided
istration units.of 500 voters.

ae lependable - souxge: disclosed.
ithat_ the exercise had: ‘been’ pro-
{grammed in such a way “that it
would not be possible for nion-exist-
it 'individuals to.be registered as
1s allegedly done in the past. ~

Maximum

‘The source stressed that in each
cre area there would be
four units of not more than 500
\voters.

This means that each ‘registra-
‘tion unit would not register more
‘than 500 voters and not more than
£500 would vote there.
ig [Where more people

me for registration
Sitor the maximun 500

iT JHE Federal Electoral Commission (FEDECO) has
L-now worked outa formula to ward off any attempt

electors are vo ‘cast their’votes

id been _regis-_
the others would
he advised to’ move to
the next unit within the
‘same registration area
« for registration.

Those wnu registered
in 1979, would only have
‘to show the cards given
to them in 1979 for pro-
per registration for next
year's elections.

Unregistered Parties May Reapply

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 29 May 82 p 1

[Article by Anene Ugoani]

[Text] j

NY political: association dis-
qualified by the Federal |
ectoral Commission
i(FEDECO) last. Monday is.free
‘to reapply to the commission.

A dependable FEDECO sour-
ce said yesterday that any politi-
ical association which felt it

i

the FEDECO’s decisi
to try”

could scale the hurdle on second
attempt may try again?

The source disclosed that those
associations now protesting against
ion were ‘free

“They know they have not met
the constitutional requirements for



can get-detailed reasons, and the
freasons are simple, because the
, Present Nigerian Railway brings
Some goods from the ports,
;Lagos, and Port - Harcourt to
‘Kaduna, Kano Maiduguri and
return almost empty, that is why
the Railway doesn’t make’ profit
because there isn’t enough return
goods to carry to the port.

“Therefore the arguement
which I would have liked the
members of the National
Assembly of the progressives
should do is, say to Shehu Shaga-
ri; why intend to build standard
railway gauge with sub billions of
Naira when the present narrow
gauge hasn’t got enough to carry?
‘An example of what I would have
expected the progressives in the

national assembly should do. in
fact they have done it, on the elec-
toral ‘bill. The amimendments to
the electoral bill, most of them.
were opinion of the progressives
“constructive criticism.”

.., Then come the question of elec:
tion in 1983. What many people
have been concentrating .on is
who will be the Presidential can-
didate? Now, my opinion on this
issue is that the question of
‘presidential candidate in 1983
should not very much engage the
attention of either the pro-
gressive leaders. What I tell them
is ‘‘what are you doing in the Na-
tional Assembly’? When I say,
what are you doing, what are the
members of the progressive par-
ties doing in the National
Assembly where they have the
majority to make me feel that
they have done very well or are
doing very well in constructive
criticisms and therefore talking
about the 1983 Presidential can-
didate. .

To me, this is like putting the
cart before the horse. Let me be
convinced by the members of the
progressive.. in the National
Assembly that they are united,
and they have been able’ to pre-
vent President Shagari from do-
ing what they the members of the
assembly feel should not be.done.
Enough has not been done. There
‘are many things.

For example, why do we think
of going ahead with building
railway standard gauges when
swe still import food? So the
members ‘of the Assembly should
have cancelled some of the pro-

Fjects and insert agriculture i

; Stead. Plant thousands of hectres
, of land with rice, the country has.
got a lot of land, thousands of hec-
tres good for growing rice in
Niger State, Anambra, Imo,
‘Sokoto and in Borno state, prac-
tically everywhere. If I were:
president or members of the na-
tional assembly I will put in one
year anything like 500 million
Naira for food production rice,
potatoes cassava, many things.
Some of them can be done by ir-
rigation.

“. We now import maize for.
,animal feeds, but maize is one of
the staple foods, and this crop can
be produced twice a year by ir-
rigation. For guinea corn and
millet, I would have put at least
500 million Naira in every state,
divide the places to co-operative
farms.

We have got thousands of peo-
ple, jobless people, no work. I
Tould organise and instead of
just talking about green revolu-
tion the result of which nobody has

seen, I would organise all over
the country, co-operative units,
bring some people from abroad,
say in America where rice pro-
duction, has succeded. In two
years or even in one year we shall
stop importing maize, rice and so
on, all of which will take a lot
from our foreign exchange. This
‘is the work of the national
assembly people.
‘. Let the question of Presidential
race for '83 be put aside, concen-
.trate and let us see what they can
do by constructive opposition. So
my conception of coming
together is not necessarily to get
the presidency for one of the pro-
gressive leaders, which is not
possible anyway.

Le. me clear this; I never
thought that amongst the ‘pro-
gressives, right from the beginn-
ing, I never thought that I would
‘concede to Awolowo or Azikiwe
and none ‘of of them would con-
cede to me. Therefore, since the
presidency is not the only thing to
be aimed at by the progressive I
have not been bothering myself.

There are three things to be
vaimed at in the field, for the NPN

and the progressives; there are
three goals. One is control of as
many state legislatures as possi-
ble and then, the governors. All
these three goals are very impor-
tant, therefore if the progressives
aim at getting all three points #

hg

‘you are expected to score three
goals. Out of the three if you
score all three, that is what you
want. If you score two and don’t
‘score ther other one, is still a
“game, a good game.

If the progressives get the con-
trol of the national assembly or
as many state assemblies as
possible, and if they miss the
presidency, it would still be said
‘to be a good game for the pro-
gressives.

Q: Thank you very much Alha-
ji Waziri Ibrahim. Bearing in
mind that we have very limited
time and wider scope to cover,
and the need for clarity in this
respect, We shall very much ap-
preciate if you will be precise,
clearcut, short and logical in your
answers so that our viewers
would know that the point has
‘been driven home in clear light.
We have almost spent about ten
minutes on the first question. So
over to you Charles.

A: Well, Yusufu, I must tell you
one thing, political leaders are

like teachers and lecturers, you
know teachers and lecturers

don’t know when to stop. Anyway

‘Twill take care of your point but tf
you have made programme of
talking to me for less than two
hours, then I am afraid you can’t
get the best out of me to the
public.

Q: Sir, I think I will take this
question on constructive opposi-
tion to the NPN as you called it.
Sir, granted that one of the other
Political let's Say, the Uni-
ty Party of Nigeria’ won the
Presidency, could you have call-
ed on other political Parties to
fome ‘ogether so that we could

ave a constructive opposition to
the Unity Party of Nigeria?

A: Why not? Certainly, that is

my own conception. I believe in
competition and whoever
becomes the president, the par-
ties which have not succeeded in
the presidency should come
together and give constructive
opposition. Yes, I would. And if I
were the president, I would also
want the others if they are not
with me in this case, if I were,
Say, nominated candidate of the
four parties, if I win I would ex-
ipect the NPN to give constructive
opposition. Without opposition
you cannot improve human
nature.



call secretariats”

‘It was gathered yesterday that
the FEDECO had already sent letters
‘to the six associations that failed to
get registered, telling them why
they failed.

} The sources said the’ reasons for
disqualifying ‘the - associations
‘varied, but hinted that most of them
phad no: functioning offices in 13

states. .
%_The associations that failed the
iFEDECO’s. screening were the.
‘National Democratic Action Party
‘(NDAP), the New Nigerian Socialist
Party (NNSP); the Pro-
tgressive People’s Party
(PPP), God's Messiah-
mic Government Planet
ion Earth (GMGPE)
fand the People’s
‘Action Congress
APAC).
© My - source also
‘named the national lea-
ders, of the i -
fied political associa-
ltions. .

‘<

fregistration. Go and see what they

t.The NDAP’s chair-
. %man is Chief H. Olusoji
Coker, the PAC is led
iby Dr. Obodozie Duru;
‘NNSP by, Mr. Samuel
Adekoya _Oshisanya
-and the PPP by Alhaji’
‘R. D. Muhammed.

Revision of Voters’ Register

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 31 May 82 p 5

[Text] \

cso:

(week-end in Ogun State began
(arrangements for the revision of
:voter’s register in preparation
! for next year’s general elections.
| The commission has invited
"applications from suitably quali-
fied candidates to work asregis-
tration officers for the exercise.
/. ‘The FEDECO warned that those
| that should be,considered under the
scheme would be those who are not
actively involved in partisan poli-
| ties.
{ Disclosing this at the week-end,
lene Ogun State Administrative Sec-
“retary of the Commission, Mr..S. A.
“Anjorin, said that the commission
twould recruit registration officers,
Lrevising officers ‘and
Ssupervisory officers for
ptheexercise.
Other posts for which
fofficers are to be recrui-

4700/1402

JHE Federal Electoral Com-
tL mission (FEDECO), at the’

fted include assistant re-
igistration officers;

Si it. revising offi-
‘cers and claims and ob+
‘jection officers.

‘It will be recalled that
Alast week, the: FEDECO
registered the Nigerian
jAdvanced Party (NAP),
‘and re-registered the
fexisting five political
‘parties. ~

&. And in another deve-
Hopment, the FEDECO-
tsaid at the - week-end
that any political asso-
ciation disqualified by
ithe FEDECO last Mon-
day was free to re-apply
sto.the commission: - » ~~

hs



UGANDA

PROBLEMS OF MILITARY TRAINING DETAILED
Paris AFRICA AFP in English No 2904, 8 Jun 82 pp 1-2
[Article by Mukyusa Jengo]

[Text] KAMPALA, June 8--The first group of Ugandan army officers to be train-
ed by the 36-man Commonwealth military training team were passed out over the
weekend at the Jinja School of Infantry, 50 miles (80 kms) east of Kampala.

This first batch, who completed a five-week course, consisted of 16 junior
officers and 72 warrant officers.

The commander of the Commonwealth training contingent, British Army Colonel
J.H. Clavering, told journalists that the second batch, of 32 officers and
72 non-commissioned officers, would start training today.

Col. Clavering's second-in-command is a portly officer from Sierra Leone,
Major Wilfred Kanu. The 34 other Commonwealth officers are from Guyana, Ja-
maica, Tanzania, Kenya, Australia and Canada.

They are all in Uganda on a six-month contract, with an option on another six
months.

But one officer from the team said their posture could be extended for up to
two years if the Uganda government wanted them to stay and if funds were
available from Commonwealth sources.

Filling the Gap

Ugandan Government officials and the Commonwealth team both agree on the ur-
gent need for the training programme, stressing that there is a "gap" within
the Uganda Army between its top commanders and the lower ranks.

Senior Ugandan officers were trained in foreign military academies during the
1960's and accumulated considerable experience before they were forced into
exile by the military coup staged by Idi Amin in 1971. In contrast, the
lower ranks were only recruited in 1979 during the war which toppled Idi Amin,
as the fighting converged on Kampala. "We just gave them the guns, showed
them howto aim and pull the trigger, and then ordered them to march against

Th


He could not say how much the
organisation had lost in
money returns but emphasi-
sed he had not received re-
ports of disruption of power
supply from customers in
Ndola and Lusaka where the
strike action took place.

And thousands of Copper-
belt residents in electricity

arrears will have their supply
disconnected today,

CSO: 4700/1448

8h


MOZAMBIQUE

CZECH ASSISTANCE, PRESENT, FUTURE TRADE REVIEWED
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 18 May 82 p 2

[Excerpts] "The Socialist Republic of Czechoslovakia will help renovate and
expand the tile factory in Umbeluzi. The two parties have already signed the
contract for this project," Bohumil Urban, the Czechoslovak foreign trade
minister, told a reporter from our newspaper who was in that friendly country
recently. The Czech official added that "we are planning to orient
Czechoslovak technical assistance to projects involving iron and steel, and
the beer, ceramics and textile industries." He listed a number of other
activities to demonstrate that economic cooperation between the two countries
was advancing.

Speaking of prospects for developing trade relations between the two countries,
the minister added that "as regards exchanging goods, last year Czechoslovakia
imported a few products such as tea and cashew nuts from Mozambique. Both
countries are currently working on arrangements to import sisal, citrines,
tropical wood and other products." :

"Czech exports," he continued, "consist of TATRA trucks, machinery for civil
engineering and road projects, machine tools and shaping tools, spare parts

and others. Exports of consumer goods are based on medicines, school materials,
materials, toys, shoes and other articlés."

Possibilities of further trade is contemplated in the agreement signed this
year between the two governments.

With regard to the possibility of banking cooperation, Bohumil Urban said
there was a Czech bank credit that subsidized Czech exports to Mozambique.
"It is in this context that both parties are envisaging financing to renovate
the Umbeluzi wall tile factory referred to earlier and Czech shipments of
civil engineering and road construction-machinery, vehicles, compressors,
spare parts, school and office supplies, toys and sheets of glass," he added.

The Czech Foreign Trade Minister said that both countries plan to increase
technical and scientific cooperation in the future, on the basis of the
existing agreement.

In conclusion, the minister said: "Thirty-four Czech specialists in geology,
energy and the paper industry, among others, are currently working in

Mozambique. This year will probably increase both the number of experts from

our country, working in Mozambique and the areas of expertise."

9805
cso: = 7k2 39



JPRS 81287

15 July 1982

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2659
ConTENTS
CHAD
France, OAU Said To Be in Embarrassing’ Position Regatding
Nation
(Mark Doyle; WEST AFRICA, 1h Jun 82) .cccccscceccecces 1
ETHIOPIA
Friendship Committees Set Up Between Ethiopia, Socialist
Countries
: (THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 10 Jun 82) ssccccecceccece h
Weekly Wrap-Up of Non-English Press
(Dereje Balchas THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 13 Jun 82) ..... 6
GAMBIA
Briefs
Denmark Delivers Fishing Boats 9
GHANA
Weija Project Behind Schedule
(WEST AFRICA, 1) Jun 82) ..sseeee Se cccccccccocces 10
Manganese Project's Completion
(WEST AFRICA, 1) Jun 82) ..cccccceccce n
Details of PNDC's Energy Policy Set Forth
(WEST AFRICA, 1h Jun 82) .ssscccccccccccccccscccsccecs 12
Political Profile of J. J. Rawlings
(Nii K. Bentsi-Enchill; WEST AFRICA, 1 Jun 82) sees. hy
Ghana, Libya Are Brothers In-Arms, Asserts Akata-Pore
(Geoffrey Barber; GHANAIAN TIMES, 7 Jun 82) .cececcece 17

-a- : {III - NE & A - 120]



Namibia and those engaged in providing’
support for the aggressive units in Angola.
Thus confirming Israeli involvement in the
wars of aggression in southern Africa.

Israel has also been the channel for the
supply of other weapons to South Africa
in breach of the UN mandatory embargo.
Last year the Israeli Minister for Economic
Coordination Yaakov Meridor publicly
offered his country as the “proxy” to those
wishing to break the embargo. The US,
Canada and FRG are among those Known
to have used this route to supply South
Africa. .

US nuclear technology has also reached
South Africa directly and via Israel.

Israel has supplied technology to South
Africa, including information on its laser
enrichment process, in exchange
uranium. Scientists of both countries have

worked on the development of warheads’

and of the delivery system. The weapon
South Africa did not test in 1977 as well
as the one that was detonated in 1979
are generally considered to have been
produced with Israeli assistance. Journalists
who reported on the Israeli connection
had their permission to work in Israel
withdrawn.

Recent on going military and nuclear
collaboration include South African _assis-
tance in the construction of the Israeli
military airfield in the Negev, a joint project
for building US designed Scorpion heli-
copters partly to be built in South Africa
and then exported to Israel for assembly;
and the supply and production in South
Africa of military | communication
equipment by an Israeli company that is
partly owned by the Israel Defence Ministry.
Israel and South Africa are now engaged
in building a nuclear submarine. Preliminary
work on the submarine pen has begun at
Simonstown ~- the South African naval
base that is twinned with an Israeli town.

South African and Istaeli cooperation
and interdependence are growing. Each
has committed aggression and stands in
breach of the peace, yet remains protected
against international action by the
manouevres of the imperialist powers. As
they mutually link their survival of their
heinous regimes, they more than double the
threat to the peace of our globe. Armed
as they are with nuclear weapons, they
threaten the survival of us all.

cso: 4700/1449

for’

The struggle of the people of Sahara,
the Middle East and indeed the whole
world is threatened by this Israeli--South
African connection. The €amp David
Accord, the Reagan policies in the Middle
East. the imperialist offensive against Libya,
Algeria and Polisario are interlinked with’
this IsraeliSouth African conspiracy. Let
us expose this conspiracy against the non-
aligned movement and the peoples of
Asia, Africa and South African people
in particular.

62



‘Abubakar Rimi of Kano’ and
others like ex-governor
Balarabe Musa. :
This ‘rift has ‘led to the
resignation of. promi-

2
A
5,
So
ell
l--F
al
iw
Fy
w
i
os
eo
:

24/4/82

(Ghdet (Dr. ) MichaeT Imoudu-
{Ghe. Nattonal President

i 5 "
Prine see [nent _umoude factions Sup:
' Keno and Kaduna states.

‘eres

t In Kaduna state, for exam-

ple, the Secretary to the state
|-government, Dr. Yusuf Bala
(Usman and the permanent

tary (political) Malam
‘Lawal Batagarawa have

Dest Comrade President,

1 have been following political events in Nigerti
‘june concerning PPA ong PPP: igeria closely, particularly the

1 am quite’ satisfied with the PPA which 4s just. an electoral: alliance for
ine. purpose.of protecting denocracy and preventing fascism, The different
«parties: in the PPA retain their ideological stand and programmes as separa:
political parties.

of resignation. ~~

, Similarly, in Kano state, the
jstate ‘commissioner for
‘agriculture, Alhaji Shehu

sowever, the PPP is another matter. This is supposed to be a merger of

three politics) parties with different ideological programmes. The’ PPP has nono, has resi
-peoduced'a constitution and I have a copy of it. This constitution isa | while another cabinet
‘complete contradiction of what the PRP stands for. “There is nothing a di
“progressive in the so-called constitution of the PPP; an for any menber of ‘Member, Alhaji Wada
jahe'PRP, -it as a complete betrayal. of. tne cause of the PRP to support the “Abubakar, has tendered. his.
constitution of the’ PPP. __ Hetter of resignation.

GNPP Executive President
Kaduna SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN in English 23 May 82 pp 12-13

[First installment of article by Waziri Ibrahim:
with PPP"]

"GNPP Policies Are Incompatible

[Text], BELOW jis an

NTA
Current Affairs_ Inter-
view with the Executive
President of the GNPP
(Great Nigerian People’s
Party), Alhaji Waziri
Ibrahim, by three television
current affairs per-
_sonalities; Yusuf Mamman,
Charles Bula and Malam
Bature Ahmed.

Yusuf Mamman: Good evening
and welcome to this programme.
‘A few weeks back, one of the
themes of Nigerian politics was
the alliance and its future. Since
the Maiduguri convention of the
four parties of the GNPP, PRP,
UPN and NPP, much has passed
‘under the: bridge. Political
observers and political commen-
tators take different look at the
alliances and the new electoral
arrangements with the four par-
ties ipvolved, but recently some
{developments started to unfold
{which made many to question the
‘future and the’ viability of the
‘alliance.

We shall look tonight on this
form of electoral arrangement
the PPA, that is the Progressive
Peoples Alliance and what came
out of it, that is the PPP, (the
Progressives Peoples Party).
What relevance do they have? Is
there any bond? Now it might be
proper to start by introducing our
‘guest to our viewers. The man
who shed light on this develop-
ment is the Executive President
‘of the GNPP, Alhaji Waziri
Ibrahim. Sir, it is our pleasure to
welcome you to this programme.

Q: It might be fair to start by
asking you sir, that being the ar-
chitect of the alliance of the four
parties what was your basic con-
ception of the alliance then and
now?

A: My first conception was that
the four political parties, the
GNPP, the UPN and the Imoudu
led PRP should come together
and present a constructive op-
position to the NPN. Later on the
NPP, after breaking its accord
with the NPN, joined the group.
My idea was that the progressives,
after giving or rather in addition

to giving constructive opposition,
‘especially in the National
i Assembly to the NPN, should also
come together and have electoral.
arrangements for the 1983 elec-
tions.

w, when I say constructive
criticism, I mean nothing more
\than what is obtained in the
parliamentary system. It is not
‘tight for people to say - in the
,American system there is no op-
position, that is not correct, there
is, of course. Whenever you have
two bodies standing in different
;Sections one is opposed to the
other. So I mean in the Senate, in
| the House of Representatives, the
members of the three parties,
and now four parties, should
criticise, constructively,
whatever President Shagari br-
ings before the Assembly. Not
deliberately, but they should
, Sincerely say to Shehu Shagari in
‘our opinion, for example, the con-
struction of the standard gauge
railway is not necessary except:
(the standard railway gauge to

, built for the Ajaokuta Iron Com-
‘plex. Now, if the assembly people



He suggested that there

@ marriage oath only
to validate. a marriage.
Both families of the mar-
rying parties could con-
tribute some money to
help them start a family
Pict thelr own. ticelly ai

lowever, practically a!
Yhe women and the older!
meéfi interviewed felt that
(discarding roora payment
would bes a complete break
from tradition.

An elderly Harare
‘woman, declining to
named, , sald lobola eamured
respect and love een

‘Thé etadication

‘eotiples.

of the practice would have
disastrous effects such as
@ man marrying as many
‘women as he wished be-
cause they were’ easy to
come by.

She blamed moves to
remove ‘aying ethics
guch as paying roora
meh ee one Western
ideas that” had been
adopted by some people.

“Traditionally, roora
has always been there,”
she said. “We cannot do’
away with it because we
‘have now {adopted Euro-
pean ideas.”

A A_Forare woman said
imarrlage was a way
‘bringing two families to-
gether. The payment of
roora made the \union
valid.

BINDING

‘The excuse: given that
womnén were denting for
peqital rights 8 and therefote
‘shotild refuse to be mat
ried was not Justified at atte
said. Zimbabwean women
‘were fighting for equal
tights at work — equal
rales of pay for the same
qualifications — and cul-
tural beliefs did not have
to be brought into the
issue.

| Mr Peter Pakayt of
.Mbare, married with. two
children, felt that roora
should stay. Apart ‘from
the binding effect it had
yon the families involved, it

would recompense the
amily of the bride for
Jooking after their daugh-
ter until marriage. :
“It was a job lookin;
after a child, he felt, ant
the workers — in this

case, the parents — had
“to be paid ann

“Everyone who works
has to be paid for the
work he does. The time
when Government passes
.& law that people hn
‘work for nothing ts
time roora should Ss
“scrapped,” he reasoned.

All those interviewed
agreed, however, that the
Government should set a
‘maximum price for roora.
Exorbitant
ibeing charged by some
rere and this haa to be

ped before “bij

iuiness® "as. ati Hed
with daughters (peng put
up fe for the ‘auction.

The Government should
pot, howevef, niet &
Fechitie price. This was
best decided by a pro-
thes net father-in-law

er ior negotiation with his

ture son-in-law;

prices ~ were |

97



MOZAMBIQUE

SHORTAGE OF NONESSENTIAL ITEMS SEEN HARMFUL
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 22 May 82 p 8

[Text] It is a generally recognized fact that our country is currently under-
going a major economic crisis that requires a series of sacrifices and a
strengthening of the austerity policy applied to the consumption of all pro-
ducts and the use of available goods.

The efforts that have been made in the face of these growing difficulties and
adversities to guarantee the absolute minimum needed to supply the population
and the strategic sectors of production and society are also generally
recognized.

In this perspective of austerity, however, it seems to me that there is an
aspect that has not been adequately attended to by certain sectors involved
in the production, import and supply of a certain kind of goods. I. am re-
ferring to the fact that goods belonging to the same group are all in short
supply at the same time, only to all be produced and imported simultaneously
later.

This is the case with the production and import sectors for cigarettes, soft
drinks, bear and coffee. Since the beginning of this year, the supply of
these products has consistently been irregular, causing prolonged shortages.

Because of the circumstances outlined earlier--which are legitimate and under-
standable--it would be more tolerable if one or another of these products were
unavailable from time to time. But, for all of them to be unavailable at the
same time and for a period of time as long as the present one does not seem
normal to me. At the very least it indicates that there is still a bureau-
cratic mentality that fails to view things as a whole and to cope with the
problems that these simultaneous shortages create.

To be sure, these products are not on the list of essential goods to feed
the population. But they are also needed, and some are even indispensable
for a large part of the population.

The shortage of these goods has helped create and further a certain tense
psychological atmosphere in the cities, at least. People lack motivation,

22



A committee member of the Libyan Bureau, Mr Ahmed Toumi, also noted that mili-
tary revolutions were launched to achieve political stability but that in itself
was not enough.

He hoped that the people of Ghana would hold fast to their Revolution and overhaul
their country in no time.

Among those who watched the exhibition were some members of the Diplomatic Corps
and Government officials.

csO: 4700/1451

18



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

NO LOBOLA CHANGE--There is no change in the law regarding lobola, the Minister of
Justice, Mr Simbi Mubako, said yesterday. In a statement he said any future changes
in lobola would be announced in good time by "the appropriate minister." The Min-
ister of Legal and Parliamentary Affairs, Dr Eddison Zvobgo, recently spoke about
likely changes when he was asked to give an indication of the Bills likely to come
before the present sitting of Parliament. In his capacity as Leader of the House
of Assembly, he said that the Legal Age of Majority Bill and the Marriage Amendment
Bill would come before the House. Mr Mubako said: "The Legal Age of Majority Bill
does not alter the law on lobola. It merely lowers to 18 years the age at which a
person shall be regarded as an adult." The public debate on what is thought to be
forthcoming changes in the law of lobola was misplaced. "The question of lobola
will be dealt with in the Marriage Amendment Bill which the Minister of Home Af-
fairs, Dr Herbert Ushewokunze, is still studying. "The Bill is not likely to be
introduced during the present sitting of Parliament." [Text] [Harare THE HERALD
in English 15 Jun 82 p 1]

MINERALS SALES BOARD--The Minister of Mines, Mr Maurice Nyagumbo, yesterday an- nae
nounced the names of members of the Minerals Marketing Board of the Minerals Market-

ing Corporation of Zimbabwe. The Secretary for Mines, Mr Christopher Ushewokunze,

has been appointed chairman and his deputy is the Deputy Secretary for Trade and

Commerce, Mr Simon Muzanenhamo. Other members of the board are: Mr David Zamchiya,

Mr Leo Kimble, Mr Wadi Furusa, Mr McLay Kanyangarara, Mr Jeffrey Mutandare, Mr

Adrian Rackham and Mr Mark Rule. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 12 Jun 82 p 1]

CSO: 4700/1447 END

101



MOZAMBIQUE

REBROADCAST CENTERS ESTABLISHED IN COMMUNAL VILLAGES
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 27 May 82 pp 8-9

[Text] The residents of a number of communal villages in the provinces of
Niassa, Cabo Delgado, Gaza and Maputo will be receiving 27 more communications
centers this year, to be set up by the Communications Office, an agency of the
Mozambican Ministry of Information. The work on this project is scheduled to
begin shortly, according to information given to DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE by %....
Juarez de Maia, the director of the sponsoring agency.

Moreover, this office, which receives financial and material support from
UNICEF, is going to set up the first 20 rebroadcasting centers for people
living in villages, in Gaza, Inhambane, Zambezia and Niassa. Seven more
so-called collective listening centers will also be set up, but in Zambeza
and Gaza this time. .

According to what the same officer said during a recent. interview with our
newspaper, the purpose of these projects is’ to ensure that information reaches
communal villages, as part of the national development plans to promote

rural growth and to make progress in using means of communication in the
People's Republic of Mozambique.

Communication Centers

At present, eight communication centers are operating in a few communal
villages located in Maputo, Gaza, Cabo-Delgado and Niassa provinces. Each one
is equipped with an electricity generator, a tower with 4 loudspeakers, 2
amplifiers, 2 cassette recorders, a radio, movie projectors and slides, a
local newspaper, etc.

Through these centers, the people have the privilege of listening to news
transmitted by Radio Mozambique and local information while they are in their
own homes. In addition, other educational programs are braodcast, such as a
program devoted to mothers focusing primarily on child care. They also broad-
cast information directed toward the political training and mobilization of
the villages.. The programs are mounted by the local people themselves.

The collective listening and rebraodcast centers also use radids, generators,
amplifiers, tape recorders, and loudspeakers, and have a local newspaper and

30



explained that the decline in crude oil production and export was a reflection of
the continued lull in the world oil market. On the domestic front, it said a total
of 4,241,104 barrels of crude oil was supplied to the three local refineries, all of
which operated satisfactorily throughout the month under review. Crude oil supplied
under offshore processing agreement during the month to augment domestic refining
capacity amounted to 4,346,927 barrels. [Text] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 31 May
82 p 40]

OIL PRODUCTION FIGURES--Lagos, 26 Jun (NAN)--Crude oil production for the month
of April amounted to more than 26.3 million barrels while the amount of crude
oil export for the same month was more than 16.9 million barrels, a statement
by the NNPC [Nigerian National Petroleum Company] said on Thursday. The
statement said that these figures represented an average production rate of
0.88 million barrels per day with that of export, 0.56 million barrels per
day. Compared to the preceeding month, the performance during the month of
April represents a decrease of about 5 percent in production and 26 percent
in export, it said. The statement explained that the decline in crude oil
production and export is a reflection of the continued lull in the world oil
market. On the domestic front, more than 5.6 million barréls of crude oil
was supplied to the three local refineries. The NNPC said that crude oil
supplied under offshore processing agreements during the mmth to augment
domestic refining capacity amounted to over 2.8 million barrels. It said
per barrels for the high-quality grade of crude oil and 25.17 naira per
barrel for the medium grade, while the corresponding official selling prices
were 24.72 naira and 22.80 naira per barrel respectively. [sentence as
received] [Text] [4B261130 Lagos NAN in English 1100 GME 26 Jun 82

POLITICAL ACTIVITIES BAN LIFTED--The ban on political activities in Niger state
has been lifted. This was announced in Minna by the state commissioner of
police, Mr Maleya, after:a meeting with leaders of the five political parties
in the state. He said the leaders of the parties had undertaken to abide by
the provisions of the public order act. The ban (?became effective) this year
following violent clashes between the supporters of the National Party of
Nigeria and the Nigeria People's Party. [Text] [AB292150 Lagos Domestic
Service in English 2100 GMr 29 Jun 82]

CANDIDATES BARRED FROM ELECTIONS--Any candidate presented for the 1983 elec-
tions by the Imodu-led People's Redemption Party will be rejected by the
federal electoral commission, an authoritative source close to the commission
told THE PUNCH. THE PUNCH understands that similar fates will befall candi-
dates that may be presented to the commission by the Barde, Mustapha and
Mahmud Waziri factions of the Great Nigeria People's Party, Speaking to THE
PUNCH at an exclusive interview, an official who is in Lagos to attend a 3-
day special meeting of the commission, stated that candidates of these factions
would not be allowed to be voted for. [Text] [Press Review] [AB291750

Lagos International Service in English 1530 GME 29 Jun 82]

Bn



TANZANIA

CITIZENS, PARLIAMENTARIANS SAID TO OPPOSE DIRECT TAXATION BILL
Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 7 Jun 82 p 7

[Article by Abdulla Suleiman]

[Excerpts] | (ranzania has reintroduced the dreaded direct taxation system —__ of over 3,000,000 people.
in a bid to raise more funds for national development. But not |. A person earning $25 will pay

many are happy-

The Bill re-introducing direct
taxation caused a division in
Tanzania's one-Party Parliament.
Members were called singly by
the clerk of the assembly and
asked individually if they sup-
pofted the Bill. Of the 110
members in the House, 56 were

in favour and 54 were against.

But despite its passage, the
case has not rested — strong op-
position continues to be express-
ed by parliamentarians and or-
dinary citizens alike.

That the Bili was controversial
would be an understatement —
the Bill evoked memories of the
‘colonial era when the in-
dependence struggle centered on
tlie eradication of the direct tax
system then called poll tax.

The tax was used by. the col-
onial settlers to force Africans in-
to the cash economy, by deman-
ding that each person pay.a
“cash” tax to the government.
The Africans were forced to seek
wage-earning work from the col-
onialists to raise the cash to pay.

The poll tax reached such
notoriety that many Africans
were forced to go into hiding to
avoid paying. But those caught

‘were sént to prison or labour
camps to raise the cash payment.
Invariably the independence
struggle sought to abolish: the
system. The memory of the in-
dependence struggle was not lost
to the parliamentarians when the
issue was brought for debate.
Making: this Bill a decree
means that all Tanzanians
reaching the age of majority will
be liable to direct taxation ir-

respective of their sex. In Parlia-
ment, those who stood to oppose

the Bill pointed out that its re-
introduction would result .in,
social unrest and overcrowding
in prisons because the majority
of the people would be unable to
pay the tax. caer)

The Bill provides that all who
fail to pay the direct tax will be
liable to three months imprison
ment or a fine of $50 or bot
Already the people pay income
tax and to those in paid employ-
{ment pay an annual fee for the
‘Tanzania Workers’ Union
(JUWATA). This is not all, all
members of Chama Cha Mapin-
duzi (CCM) are supposed to make
voluntary contributions to the
‘CCM party in order to “meet the
rising costs of running ‘the
‘party”. CCM has a membership

72

$1.50 annually, one earning $50
monthly will pay $3.

Earlier this year, the Prime
Minister, Cleopa Msuya, promis-

-ed that there would be no further
public contribution because the
population was already being
heavily taxed. The new Bill,
‘therefore, came as a great sur-
prise to the people who expected
‘no more taxation.

| Fears have already been ex- 7
pressed at the Parliament by P.I.
Misigalo, MP for Tabora Urban,
that the taxation would affect
‘farm production in the rural
areas as the popilation which
comprised. 90 per cent of the
country’s. population would
become restless for fear of being
‘arrested, by due collectors.

Misigalo, who totally opposed

the Bill which includes women,
warned the government to be
cautious. Another MP, Leonard
.Kaboboye, said the Bill negated
‘tax relief “granted to families
with four children or more and it
underlined economic difficulties
facing the people”.

Kasulu MP, N.A. Mpambije,
reminded the House that in
1968, 13 people died as a result
of overcrowding in the cells and
he urged ‘the Tanzania

reconomists “to go. back and do



, MOZAMBIQUE

WORLD LUTHERAN FEDERATION DONATIONS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 21 May 82 p 2

[Excerpts] Donations from the World Lutheran Federation were delivered to
the national headquarters of the OMM [Organization of Mozambique Women]
yesterday. The gifts included various children's articles, such as diapers,
plastic pants for babies and blankets, The donation was in support of the
celebration of International Children's Day on 1 June.

The gifts were presented by the representative of the World Lutheran Founda-
tion in Mozambique, N. G. M, Sawaya.

Isabel Nkavadeka, a member of the OMM national secretariat who presided
over the ceremony, praised this generosity and said that "these articles will
be offered to the. first child to be born in our provincial hospitals on

1 June."

Mobile Workshops for Community Settlements

A symbolic ceremony was also held yesterday at the National Community Settle-
ments Commission to mark the donation a few days ago of four mobile workshops
to rural communities by the same religious organization, presented by its
Mozambican representative, N. G. M. Sawaya.

The vehicles will help communities in solving problems related to broken water
pumps.

The vehicles are equipped with tools to drill water wells and to repair pumps
and will be used to help the farmers in community centers in Maputo,
Inhambane, Manica and Nampula provinces.

At the symbolic meeting held yesterday at the National Community Settlements
Commission, the two leaders emphasized the cooperative relations between our
country and the religious organization.

The delivery of the four vehicles brings to six the number of these vehicles

donated by the World Lutheran Federation (WLF) to the National Community Set-
tlements Commission.

2h



as provided for by the Third National Development Plan (TNDP). Youth and Sport
Minister of State Mr Aston Phiri said in Lusaka that according to the TNDP the
Party and its Government was supposed to have implemented the programme by next
year. So far only the Government had established two centres at Lundazi in Eastern
Province and Chiyota in Lusaka Province. Work had started for a third one at
Masaiti in Ndola Rural. The centres are intended to make the youths self-reliant,
but the economic difficulties Zambia was experiencing had made it impossible to es-
tablish more centres. The centres were intended to train youths in various skills
such as carpentry, bricklaying and building so that they became self-reliant.
[Text] [Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 16 Jun 82 p 5]

SIT-IN STAGED--About 100 general workers at Raine Engineering branch in Ndola yes-
terday staged a brief sit-in demanding the removal of their general manager Mr
David Clare. Officials of the National Union of Building, Engineering and General
Workers (NUBEGW) rushed to the company to persuade the workers to return to work.
The workers accused the general manager of persistently violating their collective
agreement resulting in them working under inhuman conditions and leaving without
terminal benefits when they retired. When Mr Clare visited the company from Kitwe
yesterday the workers downed tools and gathered at the administration offices call-
ing on him to listen to their grievances but he refused to talk to them. When Mr
Clare got into his car the angry workers rushed to the gates trying to block his
way out of the company premises while some of them stopped the vehicle. Union of-
ficials said there had been outstanding complaints from workers at Raine Engineering
for a long time now including non-payment of terminal benefits and some workers
going without safety boots in the steel manufacturing workshops. [Text] [Lusaka
TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 12 Jun 82 p 1]

CSO: 4700/1448

90



(of the five countries on their part sta-
[ted that the formation of the Com-
{Mittees would contribute towards fur-
Lther strengthening the existing rela-
|tions and friendship between Socialist
Ethiopia and their respective count-
ries, .

\ A congratulatory message sent by
‘Comrade Horst Brasch, Vice-President
land Secretary-General of the League
iof Friendship of the people of the
'GDR in connection . with the formation
lof the Ethio-GDR Friendship Commit-
itee-was read out at the ceremony.

CsO: 4700/1450


!their homework to identify more
rpalatable means of revenue col-
‘lection’.

© MP for Mtwara, S.M. Katapala,
told the House that although the
‘bill exempted the aged and
‘disabled from paying tax, it did
‘hot. clarify the age limit and
‘types of disability. “The system is
salso unacceptable because it imp-
inges on the freedom of the in-

¥ dividual, instills fear and unrest
zand it generally defeats the idea

“of self-management,” he said.

». Minister of State, Mrs. Gertrude
Mongella, addressing the House
on the Bill, assured members of
Parliament that the Bill was not
lintended. to inconvenience the
‘population but to raise funds to
finance development projects.

However, the issue of who is to

‘pay tax, and who is not ‘will be
the prerogative of local
authorities which will decide on
<the need and typé of levies they
“should charge, depending on
conditions obtaining in any par-
“ticular locality. :

* Expressing the government in-
tention to introduce the. Bill, the
ime Minister said it was left to

‘the discretion of each authority

interpret and enforce | the Bill
‘a decent and‘appropriate man-
ner. He assufed the House that
the Central Government would
watch to ensure that the propos
ed rates were reasonable and
uthat the projects to be financec
were “within the national objec-
tives.”

It is generally felt that the Bill
was introduced to restrict the
jobless from flocking to the ur-
rban areas, By remaining in the
rural areas, they are expected tc
-farm and produce cash crops to
meet national demands and to
.provide cash crops for export. In

cso: 4700/1446

jaddition, ‘they would earn
yenough money to pay the tax
from the farming.

y Whether the schere will work
cremains to be seen. APS
Features x

73



likéwise>" have” shown" ‘theif?
side. by providing Zambians
with - the . badly-needed :
employment. ' + at
Indian businessmen. we
might say. are imbued. with
businessdynamics.
Chingola businessman, Mr -.
Manu’ Shaw. propounded /
tips which. budding ‘Zarnbian’
businessmen should try and
apply. 4 4
~-Mr° Shaw is a respected:
personality’ in © business
circles and national chair-
man of Hindu -Association
of Zambia: He is ‘also a”
member® of the Chingola -
Chamber of Commerce and
the UNIP Fund-raising Com- ¢
mittee forthe Copperbelt,
Quoting a popular English
saving. Mr. Shaw. said: “‘If
you want to stay for a year.

plant maize: for ten years.
plant a fruit‘tree but. if you?
want to stay for life, educate
people in every sense of thes
word:"")° wid o
-- This corresponds with the
biblical “saying: “‘Whatever.
a man sows, that he’ will also;
REAP.” : 4

“These two quotes havea;
message for Zambians. They.;
must commit themselves en:

imasses. like their compat:
riots fo developing the nation;

economically: Ja
-, Commitment °‘leads to)
success. It has enabled these
Zambians ‘to. be what’ they;
are’ —+-a successful class of
businessmen. i 3
Mr Shaw, who acquired?
Zambian citizenship in 1968.
is one typical example. 4
He ‘runs viable whole-
sale.and:distribution sttops in‘
Chingola and Kitwe.’He also
has shares in a Ndola cloth*:

trying todo as Zambians is to’
identify ourselves with the.
national aspirations. We are, .
in this respect, helping in
developing the infrastructure
Zambia needs.’’ y :

Ndola, perhaps, leads in:
the number of undertakings

CSO: 4700/1448

fun by such Zambians where’
a K12 million spinning mill
is in the works. :
This is scheduled to be
commissioned towards the
end of the year or early next

year. Sg pee po

One of ~ their ~ factories
currently produces. 15,000
shirts, 8,000 pairs of trousers
and 3,000 ‘‘safari” suits per
month. and has 250
employees, mainly
Zambians. i

i's posed to empl
mill is to emy :
about 400 people... ey

Mr Ramesh J. Patel,
Managing director of both
these concerns said that the
success of any business

undertaking depended,
above anything else, on’
effective management of the’
company’s finances. H
“We don’t. subscribe to
the idea of: having presti-
gious offices — one, for say,
the. general manager and
another for his secretary.
We only believe in cutting
the coat: according -to the
cloth available,” he said. 3
” paper industry;

‘these "'Zambians: set’ up

MERCO (4971) - Limited
which’ manufactures _catbon:
paper, paper rolls for tele-
printers, accounting
machines:and cash registers.

They have also established’
Zambezi Paper Mills which,
among other things, has
started. producing rolls of
toilet paper. :

In light industries these
Zambians are unmatched.
They. have set up several
companies and some garages

and repair workshops.

“They also: own wholesale’
and distribution companies. ;

up in, numbers. Peop! :
Mr Nanubha” Rambhai
Patel who owns a@ farm in
Misundu, near Ndola, has
just harvested 1,000 pockets’
of potatoes apart from cther
varieties of produce.

The Hindu Association of
Zambia too has set up #

591 hectare farm with initial.

capital of K2 million’ near’
Lusaka International Airport.:

The farm, is run by a board’
of directors who have:
successfully negotiated for a
885,000 loan from the:

Development Bank of.
Zambia. The board have:
further procured K568,000 in

foreign exchange to enable
them buy farm equipment:
and other necessities. .

Established in February
this year, the farm has 80
hectares of irrigated wheat. ~

‘And in —_ Livingstone
industries include textile
factories. -

An Indian company is
currently conducting a feasi-
bility study to set up a paper
mill in Mufulira which, as

reckoned, will be the biggest
in Zambia. :
A:») Mufulira <) Indian:

businessman. -,-has.-- ‘also;
established a coffee farming
scheme in Solwezi. ‘
District Hindu’ Associa-
tions provide financial and
material assistance to needy-
schools. i
Setting a new trend, Ndola
Hindu — Association
built a new primary
for K250,000 as: a way of
helping in the creation of

mote . school places for:
children. }
Lusaka Hindu Association,

likewise, have plans in the”
pipeline to build a primary
and secondary school. From
the foregoing it is clear that
Zambian Asians are playing
a crucial role in the nation’s -
life: 2 we i

79



FRANCE, OAU SAID TO BE IN EMBARRASSING POSITION REGARDING NATION
London WEST AFRICA in English No 3384, 14 Jun 82 p 1565-1566

[Article by Mark Doyle: "The Return of Hissen Habré"]

[Text] Early in the morning of Monday, June 7, the rebel forces of Hissen Habré took contro! of
N'Djamena. The capital was taken easily, following fierce fighting the day before at
Massaguet. soe

The former President of the Transitional Government of National Unity, Goukhouni
‘Weddeye, has been granted political asylum in Cameroon.

A spokesman for Habre's Armed Forces of the North (FAN) has announced that Habré
will set up a provisional government and then try to organise a conference with the other
faction leaders to reach a permanent settlement to the war. Nigeria has called for early
elections. The Chairman of the OAU, President Daniel Irap Moi of Kenya, has
appealed' to all factions in Chad to do “everything possible to avoid bloodshed”.

The OAU peacekeeping force in Chad was due to leave at the end of this month but it

has now been announced that the Senegalese contingent will be leaving before then.

THE FALL of N’Djamena was a defeat for
President Goukhouni Weddeye, but it was
not necessarily a success for Hissen Habré.
Certainly, Habré’s. military advance
through the east and north of the country
has been swift and effective. But, quite
apart from the fact that he has yet to
consolidate his capture of the capital politi-
cally and diplomatically, his soldiers do not
control the south of the country. However
much one would like to join the elated
cries of some of the population when
Habré entered N’Djamena (“No more
war!”), one hesitates. The complex inter-
nal politics of Chad and the continuing
international presences in that country
(both overt and covert) may well mean that
the 20-year shifting war is not over yet.

There was not, this time, a “Battle of
N’Djamena”, as some of the Western press
has implied. Habré’s capture of the capital
was more or less assured a couple of days
before the rebels took the Presidential
Palace. It was then that a bloody conflict
took place at Massaguet, about 50 miles
north of the capital. Massaguet lies at the

confluence of Chad’s two main paved
roads from the north and the east, and was
the focal point’ of Habré’s two-pronged
advance through the country.

Goukhouni knew that this locality had
become the key to de facto power in Chad.
While Habré was easily taking Mao, Mas-
sakori and Moussouro to the north and
east of Lake Chad; Government lines were
being strengthened around Massaguet.
Goukhouni himself inspected the lines at
Massaguet and Douguia, north of the
capital. Those lines did not hold, both
because of the effectiveness of the rebel
forces and because of the fragmented
nature of the so-called Integrated National
Amny.

Two of the main faction leaders of the
GUNT, Abdelkader Kamougué (of the
Forces Armées Tchadiennes — FAT) and
Ahmat Acyl (of the Conseil Démocratique
et Révolutionnaire — CDR) declared their
“neutrality” as soon as it was obvious
Habré was inexorably on his way to the
Palace. It is true they had both said on
previous occasions that they were prepared



STRENGTHENING TIES WITH SPAIN PLEDGED

“Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 16 Jun 82 p 5

[Text] \ ZAMBIA and Spain yesterday hailed relations bet-
ween them and pledged to continue strengthening
them for the benefit of their people:

cso:

The pledges were made
when Spanish ambassador

designate'to Zambia Mr Jose |

Luis Blanco Briones de
Cueliar presented creden-
tials to acting Foreign
Affairs Minister Mr Clement
Mwananshiku.

Mr de Cueliar said he was
pleased his country cooperat-

ed well with Zambia and’

pledged he would work to-
wards ensuring that Spain
helped Zambia within her
capabilities.

Spain was against any
kind of oppression in the

world generally and in’

Southern Africa in parti-
cular.

It was because of such a
stand Spain continued to give
financial help to liberation
movements.

Mr Mwananshiku said
Zambia was happy with bila-
teral relations she maintain-
ed with Spain and she would.
strive to strengthen them.

Zambia was grateful for
Spain's support for liberation
Movements such as SWAPO.

Mr” Mwananshiku “also
appealed to the Australian
government to help Zambia
in areas that would propel

her towards self-realisation. ,

As members of the Com-
monwealth, Zambia and
Australia enjoyed coopera-
tion in a number of fields

4700/1448

“put Zambia would like the

scope 6° grow to take in
areas which would move the
country towards develop-
ment. _
Speaking in his oftice
when he received letters of
credence from new Austra-
lian high commissioner to
Zambia, Dr John Baker, Mr
Mwananshiku said Australia
was one of the first countries
to establish diplomatic re-

lations with Zambia
immediately after the latter's
independence.

Since then the relations
had grown in intensity and
scope: ,

But he warned this should
not stop the two countries
from exploring other areas of
cooperation to strengthen the
ties. .

With the coming of the
new high commissioner to
Zambia he hoped the two
countries would continue
working for world peace.

_. Mr Mwananshiku . hoped
that the encouraging role
Australia had been playing
in the North-South dialogue
would yeild pleasant results
in future. .

In his reply, Dr Baker, who
is accredited to Zambia on
non-residential basis, said
the good relations between
the leaders of the two count-
ties reflected the sound ties
between their people.

77

ZAMBIA


SECTION LEVEL YOUTH LEAGUE POSTS UNFILLED

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 16 Jun 82 p 5

[Text] ONLY 52 per cent of the Party’s Youth League posts
were filled at section level in 1981, Chairman of the
Elections and Publicity Sub-Committee of the Cen-
tral Committee Mr Bob Litana has revealed.

cso:

Mr Litana said in his report on
ward, branch and section
election returns for last year
that the Youth League ex-
ecutive should redouble its.
efforts in organising
membership.

The youth filled 76,161 out of

145,104 section posts during |

the year under review.

At the branch level, Mr
Litana, expressed satisfac-
tion with the league’s per-
formance where 15,472 out
of 20,040 posts were filled
during the year.

The main body of the Party
performed better than the
Youth ~ and Women's
leagues.

Meanwhile, Central Commit-
tee Member for Lusaka
Province Mr Fines Bula-
wayo has started a tour of

. the province to mobilise the
Party and inspect develop-
ment projects.

Mr Bulawayo, who is accom-
panied by Lusaka Province
political secretary Mr
Fenwick hifunda,  Ieft
Lusaka yesterday for

Siavonga, en route to chief”

Chiawa’s area.

During the tour Mr Bulawayo
is expected to visit police
stations chiefs’ palaces,

' farms, schools, a rest house

4700/1448

now undergoing renovation,
Party wards, a banana
scheme, and a clinic. He is
also expected to address a
rally at Chiawa.

@Member of the Central
Memmnitiee for North-

Western Province, Mr Fine
Liboma- has warned Party
leaders in Zambezi against
heavy drinking.

Opening the third Zambezi
district angual Party con-
ference he asked Party lead-
ers to change for the better
because the Zambian revolu-’
tion had no room for lazy

leaders.
On Party organisation Mr

Be dedstated Bis AGF" bay

lip service to the nation. He
said the motive force behind
any nation was a strong and
united party.

“Committed members should
be prepared to die in de-
fence of the party’s ob-

<jectives.’’—Zana.

88

ZAMBIA



resulted in the mass suspension of the teachers and the untimely closure of
the schools. [Text] [AB301645 Lagos Domestic Service in English 1500 GMI
30 Jun 82]

RIVERS TEACHERS END STRIKE--Teachers in Rivers state have called off their
strike following an agreement between Governor Melford Okilo and officials
of the Nigerian Union of Teachers. The teachers have been on strike for 8
weeks. [passage omitted] [Excerpt] [AB301803 Kaduna Domestic Service in
English 1600 GMF 30 Jun 82]

COMMENTS ON HAIG RESIGNATION--The exit of Gen Alexander Haig from the Reagan
administration in America does not surprise the NEW NIGERIAN. According to
the paper, the departure of Haig and his succession by George ‘Shultz is
likely to hasten America's even-handed policy in the Middle East in the near
future. As far as Africa is concerned, the NEW NIGERIAN is pessimistic that
the change at the state department will hardly make any différence in
America's policy toward nations in the continent. This, the NEW NIGERIAN
believes, is because Mr “Shultz is more pro-South African than Haig and this,
it feels, could delay negotiations on the Namibian independence issue. Still
on the resignation of Gen Haig, the NIGERIAN TRIBUNE:says his exit reflects
the ideological splits in the Reagan administration. However, the TRIBUNE
wants government officials in Nigeria to learn a lesson from this resignation
because it believes such a step is honorable. [passage omitted] [Excerpts]
[4B011043 Lagos International Service in English 0830 GMI 1 Jul 82]

FIREARMS APPLICATIONS HALTED--The police throughout the country will no longer
entertain applications for the possession of firearms. A statement issued in
Ibadan by the Oyo state police command said the arrangement will be in force
until further notice in view of the proliferation of firearms in the country.
It appealed for the cooperation of the parties to ensure a stable and peace-
ful society. [Text] [4B051557 Lagos Domestic Service in English 1500 GMT

5 Jul 82]

VIENNA OPEC MEETING--Lagos, 6 Jul (NAN)--Nigeria is expected to participate in
the one-day ministerial meeting of the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting
Countries (OPEC) in Vienna on Friday. The special adviser to the president
on petroleum and energy, Alhaji Yahaya Dikko, told the News Agency of Nigeria
(NAN) in Lagos yesterday that he would lead the country's team to the meeting.
He said that an OPEC committee meeting would precede the one-day talks of the
oil ministers. The Friday meeting is expected to review the current 17.5
million barrels production ceiling of the organisation. It will also consider
moves by the Arab member-nations of the organisation to increase the price dif-
ferentials for light African crude. According to industry sources, the Arab
countries led by Saudi Arabia want a new price differential of 3 dollars a
barrel as against the current $1.50. [Text] [AB061606 Lagos NAN in English
1505 GME 6 Jul 82]

sO: 4700/1459

56



Resignation in Rimi's Cabinet
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 13 May 82 p 1
[Article by Mike Reis]

[Text] An influential member of Governor Abubakar Rimi's cabinet, Alhaji Shehu
Mohammed Shanono, who is the state Commissioner for Agriculture and Natural Resources
has resigned.

Alhaji Shehu said he was quiting the state executive because of Governor Rimi's new
political stand with the Progressive People's Party (PRP).

Speaking at an interview in his office yesterday, Alhaji Shehu said that though the
governor has not told him of his intention to join the PPP, there was enough evidence
that he was playing a major role in the formation of the party and also dragging

the PRP into the party.

He described the PPP as a party without any ideology and full of disgruntled elements
who wanted to rule by all means.

He said the reason for setting up the PPP was to go into confrontation with the NPN
in order to destabilise the party which, he said, was not enough reason to sacrifice
the good ideology and programme of the PRP.

Alhaji Shehu said the mandale of the party supporters and national executive council
of the PFP (Imoudu) must be sought before merging the party with any other political
party and it was not for any individual to sell out the party to any political as-
sociation.

He said the question of the party merging with other parties to form the PPP is now
creating a lot of controversy within the Imodou faction of PRP adding that victimisa-
tion on a high scale was now going on against members of the state executive who
were not in support of the merger.

Following the resignation of the commissioner, many permanent secretaries and com-
missioners were said to have indicated their intention to resign their appointments
with the state government while some were said to have even tendered their letters
of resignation.

Among those who were said to have tendered their resignation letters is the Permanent
Secretary in the state Ministry of Works and Housing, Alhaji Abdullahi Sumaila.

He was however not available for comment when the New Nigerian called at his office
yesterday.

It could be recalled that Governor Rimi reshuffled his cabinet about a week ago
dropping two commissioners and appointing four new ones.

CSO: 4700/1456

52



POLITICAL PROFILE OF J. J. RAWLINGS

[Article by Nii K. Bentsi-Enchill:

[Text] FLT-LT. J. J. Rawlings: leader of the

Ghanaian masses in their legitimate strug-
gle, or B-movie Clint Eastwood and mes-
sianic crusader whose “second coming”
was celebrated in the Western press?
Those are only two of the images that have
been painted of the chairman of the Pro-
visional National Defence Council since
May 15, 1979. The question is not which
image is the correct one, but which aspects
of all the subjective images have the
greatest objective political importance for
the people of Ghana.

Some people say his popularity in 1982 is
not quite the same as in 1979. One version
has it that the virtual king of June 4
entered a wilderness after the September
handover; instead of wisely staying there,
he has forced himself down the throats of
Ghanaians who this time may be unable to
swallow. Critics from the right continue
crediting him with integrity and a surfeit of
impracticable idealism. It has been even
harder in 1982 than in 1979 to make a case
‘of “Ewe hegemony”, yet there are people
dedicated to explaining away Ghana’s
problems with tribal scapegoats. Such peo-
ple summon all possible arguments:
“Rawlings can’t be President because he is
half-Scottish, so-he made the coup”; he is
less popular than before, the PNDC is
internally incoherent and is facing mass

apathy because Ghanaians are tired of
military rule; Rawlings fears for his life,
etc.

It was curious to-read in March and
April descriptions in European and Amer-.
ican publications of Burma Camp as a
“fortified military camp”, as if such places

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3384, 14 Jun 82 pp 1567, 1569

"Myths and Realities"]

are meant to be like drive-in cinemas.
Rawlings’s office in the camp is jocularly
known in some circles as “the bunker”, on
one level because of the sand bags in front
of it, on another because it is an imperfect
refuge from the different fotces that assail
a national leader. Rawlings sweltering in a
long jacket worn to cover a bullet-proof
vest? Why not? The personal security of
the PNDC chairman has been of greater
concern to some others than to Rawlings
himself. Friends and enemies recognise the
political importance of his survival. So far,'
it has looked like the most that political
enemies could achieve would be to cause
extreme confusion, since the possibility of
staging a counter-coup is so remote. Once
you have heard ordinary soldiers talking
about colleagues who died on December
31, and how glad they would be to give
their lives in defence of the revolution, it is
very difficult to see openings for any
decisive manoeuvres from the right. The
readiest scope for the right lies in driving a
wedge between Rawlings and the people of
Ghana. This means raising the question of
material shortages to a position of import-
ance that overrides political allegiance.
This means administrative sabotage —
such as the leaks before the C50 withdrawal
— and ,rumour-mongering. It also means
lobbying in neighbouring and overseas
capitals for Ghana to be squeezed econo-
mically. The calculation is obvious: make it
impossible for the PNDC to ‘deliver the
goods, politically and materially, so that it
will be possible for Rawlings to fall like
Nkrumah’s statue once did.

This is why the relationship between

GHANA



GNPP Leader Decision Needed

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 28 May 82 p 40

[Text] |\J{7HO is the leader of the | He told FEDECO. a7. se
'W Great Nigeria People’s [that Alhaji | Waziri Three of the si

arty (GNPP) that was sre- brahim was voted ‘tories were
zistered by the Federal lout as leadler‘at,that Ohigari  Al-Hassan,
lectoral. Commission (FEDE- {same Kadi con- Mr. Nduka Eze, Chief
lon , lgress. ola alogun ane
yon Mi day? ‘Kola Bal d
This'9
‘This was the one hot qués- ' Senator.Mahmua ‘Senator | Jaaduru
tion Senator Mabimud Waziri arented that the cons: Mangga, he pointed
asked FEDECO to ‘answer: ‘titition o out 5
tly yesterday. erations ad feet ciighmd
le. wrote the . executive Headers could be chan- iwras the authentic lea.
etary’ the jomanding to because © Alhaji
it dette iWaziri had been -re-

lsed GNPP.

yhy the commission:
t remain “‘silent” on
who. was’ leading the recogni-

imoved while Senator
‘Margga remained
loyal to him,
Mahmud.

| Senator Mahmud had insisted
lit the‘ two-page letter that the
dership ofthe GNPP féll on
on Any 15,'1981, when the
his party elected him
eader at Kaduna.

NAP:

No Alliance
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 28 May 82 p 40

[Text] It is not the wish of the Nigerian Advance Party (NAP) to ally or merge with
any of the old parties so as not to be "contaminated".

This neutral posture of the party was disclosed to reporters yesterday in Lagos by
Malam Abdulhameed Sanni NAP's general secretary.

Malam Sanni said: "We are neutral on the issues of alliance and merger. NAP is

fresh and does not want contamination".

the NAP would hold in Lagos
on June 7 to “map out strate-|
gies”’:

During the news conference
an official of the FEDECO

He sai leader,

ir, Tunji Braithwaite, would

fee the “very last man”’ to dr:
=NAP into an alliance or political

erger.
“If the NAP had wanted to

imerge or ally with other parties 2

fit would have done so before the
{FEDECO extendéd recogni-
tion, Malam Sanni argued.

ke He told reporters that the
imational executive meeting of.

arrived to hand in a formal
letter of registration dated May

6.

In:the letter, FEDECO said:
“NAP .can with effect from
May 25 function as a ‘political
party in accordance with
section 78 (1) ‘of the As77
Electoral Act”.

43


NIGERIA

WARNINGS ISSUED ON PROGRESSIVE PEOPLES PARTY

Balarabe Warns PRP
Kaduna SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN in English 23 May 82 p 1

[First installment of a article by Emman Udoka]

[Text] |” THE former governor

:of Kaduna State, Alhaji
Abdulkadir Balarabe
Musa, has said that
there is nothing pro-
‘gressive about the
Progressive Peoples
“Party (PPP), whose
papers have recently
been ‘filed with the
“4FEDECO for registra-

:
‘tion.

In a strongly-worded let-
=ter to the National Presi-
‘dent of the Imoudu-led
'PRP, Chief Michael Imou-
jdu, the impeached gover-
‘nor, who is also the Na-
fional Vice-President of
ithe Imoudu: PRP faction,
‘said: ‘‘The PPP has pro-
duced a constitution and 1
have a copy of it. This con-
-‘stitution is a complete

contradiction of what the
‘PRP stands for.””

TBalorcbe betressed regret
ji Balarabe ex, regret
that the PPP constitution was
drawn up by six “‘unauthoris-
ed persons” and the merger
was not considered by the na-
tional directorate of the
Imoudu-PRP and recom-
‘mended to the party as
specified in its constitution.

“There is nothing pro-
;Sressive in the so called con-
stitution of the PPP”, Alhaji
Balarabe told Chief Imoudu,
adding that “for any member
of the PRP (Imoudu), it is a
betrayal of the cause of the
PRP to support the PPP con-
stitution.”

Ex-governor Balarabe, who
is now staying in London,
alleged that the PPP constitu-

‘tion ‘‘makes unnecessary
references to the constitution
of Nigeria in many dubious
ways,” while it does not con-
tain any categorical commit-
ment to any goals.

He cited what he viewed as
“escape clauses” in the PPP
constitution and said that the
PPP would use these clauses
to absolve itself from blame if
any of its programmes failed
to materialise.

‘Asserting that the -
ymes and objectives of the PRP
*(Imoudu) “are not
negotiable,” Alhaji Balarabe
sedate ane
B ly demal it any par-
tye seeks a merger with it
‘should recognize and_accept
jits programmes and objec-
tives “completely and in full.”
He suggested that the aims
and objectives of the PPP
should include the establish-
ment of a proletarian state in
Nigeria that is free from all
forms of oppression and ex-
ploitation. -

Ly?

; In “addition “ex-governor
‘Balarabe suggested that the
PPP should aim at con-
solidating national in-

ndence through economic

reliance, integrated rural
development, full employ-
ment, adequate care for
destitutes and ‘open and
frank” conduct of public af-
fairs in accordance with social

igisciptine and national securi-

Recalling that the Imoudu-

led PRP pulled out of Malam’s
PRP because the Imoudu fac-
tion “was not prepared to
com] ise’ its programmes.
and objectives,’’. Alhaji
Balarabe urged that rather
than selling the party out to
‘the PPP, struggle should
continue.
“There is certainly no
justification for a merger just
for the purpose of replacing
NPN, reaction,’’ Alhaji
Balarabe said, warning that
“such a mere change of power
base can lead to a more
serious national degenera-
:tion.””

Balarabe’s letter has
therefore proved the recent
speculation of a rift in the
Imoudu-led PRP, which is
said to be divided between
those who support the PPP
-like. governor Mohammed



JUST RELEASED INDECO ANNUAL REPORT PAINTS ‘GLOOMY PICTURE!

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 17 Jun 82 p 2

[Text]

INDECO has been unable to provide cash support
to some of its ailing companies because of liqui-

dity problems.

This gloomy picture is
painted in the 1980/81
Indeco annual report just
released in Lusaka which

says most Indeco re-
quirements could no
longer be financed

through borrowings.

The report follows a state-
ment issued in February by
Zimco director general Mr
James Mapoma who announc-
ed that Indeco made a pre-tax
profit of K3.5 million during
the year under review after
continuously making losses for
the past six years.

Outlining the performance
of individual Indeco subsidia-
ries, Mr Mapoma said the
profit was realised from a turn-
over of K526.9 million which
shot up by 13 per cent over the
previous year.

Mr Mapoma as chairman of
Indeco says in the report that
the capital restructuring pro-
gramme approved by share-
holders in’ the previous year
will need to be implemented
quickly to improve the serious
problems the company might
face in the new year.

Large borrowing, necessary
as it might be, always attract
heavy interest charges, which
undoubtedly create serious

80: 4700/1448

adverse problems for the
group.

“The. capital ‘restructuring
of the group should, once fully
implemented provide a more
realible base for the group,’’
Mr Mapoma says.

But in a sharp contrast to
liquidity problems facing
Indeco, Mr Mapoma says the
group moved a stage further
towards ‘improved viability,
rising greater hopes for the
future. +

With a 13 per cent increase
in turnover, the group took a
significant step from a loss
position and earned a modest
profit that will serve to reas-
sure the shareholders that there
is light at.the end of the tunnel.

The future success of Indeco
will largely depend on some
decisions that aré completely
outside management’s control
and will require more support
in the new year if the goals so”
far set are to be achieved.

The director-general observ-
ed that price increases on any
goods and services cause hard-
ships to people and Indeco
group will not resort to price
adjustments unles these are
absolutely necessary and are
not aimed at covering up
inefficiency.

“This forms the basis for
our pricing policy. While I will
not support” companies that
want to use higher prices to
cover the high cost of ineffi-
ciency, I will support compa-
nies that can prove that their

76

claims for better prices are
fully backed. by proper cost-
ings,’’ he says.

On export and product deve-
lopment, Mr Mapoma says a
complete review of Indeco
strategy to this effect is being
undertaken with a view to
seeking a larger market share
for its products outside Zam-

ia.

Traditional exporting com-
panies from the group such as
Chilanga Cement, Kafironda,
Zambia Sugar, Crushed Stone
Sales and Zamefa continued to
do well in marketing their

products outside.

ZAMBIA



GAMBIA

BRIEFS

DENMARK DELIVERS FISHING BOATS--Denmark has formally handed over to the Government
two 25-metre fishing vessels, provided under a Dl2m. loan agreement with Danida,
the Danish International Development Agency. The Danish Foreign Ministry is provid-

ing a master and a chief engineer for each ship for two years to train Gambians.
[Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English No 3384, 14 Jun 82 p 1617]

cso: 4700/1445


‘main factions. We are quarrell-
sing. Right now we have the most’
‘serious of our crisis which is of
course internal. Now. .how,
would you like to bring confu~
sion with thés® confusions within
the GNPP, the one within the
NPN, and NPP itself and the one
within the PRP? There is already
Aminu and Rimi and Imoudu.
Now, before we set our house in
-order, for we now want to bring
all the confusions together, the
result would be compounded con-
fusion, and nothing good will
come out of it.
; Q@:.— Sir, following all this
political upheavals that the
GNPP has experienced, reports

from newspapers, if they are any.

-thing to go by, now said that you
said that you have plans to team
up with Malam Aminu Kano.
How true is this?
| A: —Thave no idea. I read it in
ithe Papers as you read it, other
than that, honestly speaking, I
know anything about it. As far as
I am concerned, it is not true.

‘Never. ,

Q: — You have mentioned
earlier on Sir, most members of
your political party have now
broken into various factions,
what is to become of your faction
of the GNPP ‘now in view of the
fact that preparations are being
made by all political parties
jagainst 1983? H

A: — Well, that is a very good
question. You see, I still hope that
“Gonawa”’ that is the supporters
of Goni in GNPP, that of Nardani
and my own, these are the prin-
cipal factions now. I still hope
that we may be able to com-
promise. I hope, is only hope. I
really hope we will. the chances
are 50/50, now the reason is this.

There is incompatibility bet-
ween me and the two Governors
with Assembly people, members
of National, Assembly. Therefore
‘they find it difficult to under-
stand my way of thinking. It is

‘ot surprising. So that is the dif-

ference. The main reason of the

GNPP, some have left, some

yhave been dismissed and so on, is

incompatiability, within the
shigher hierarchy, especially bet-
ween myself, the governors and

fhe rest of them. So I am trying to
carefully put my own case to
them. I-don’t expect them to
‘understand it easily because of
this difference - practical
achievement.

I was UAC District_ Manager
and then I was a Minister

Federal Minister for seven and
‘half years, then I was Chairman
‘of. Bank of the North for four
years and now Iam successful on
my own. On my own. with a
salary bill per year — month of
anything like 6,000 Naira mon-
thly. Practical evidence of my
successes.

Now. how can I-be compatible
easily with the people who nave
just started life? Perhaps people
like Barde and Goni, they are not
bad people but they are not politi-
cians. So my problem is to teach
them politics, try to make them
understand my own point of view
because I am their leader. I am
the best to translate the policies
of the party. But they are.also
young people. So that is why I
have got these problems.

But that’s what I have told you,

“the incompatibility in thinking,

practical achievements in life
and age, you see... Well, I don't
think you are short of time. That
is exactly what I have explained.
Is not easy for them to follow my
own ideas based on experience.

TO BE CONCLUDED

51



SOUTH AFRICA

Mabuza Rejects Kangwane's Incorporation Into Swaziland
(THE CITIZEN, 18 Jun 82) ssccccccsscccccccescccccccecs

Economic, Military Cooperation With Israel Reported -
(SECHABA, Apr 82) ceccccscccccccccccccccccccscsccccces

AMCOAL Expands To Match ESCOM Pace
(THE CITIZEN, 18 Jun 82) sso accccccsccscccccccscccecs

Corsortium Awaits Government's Methanol Decision
(Daan De Kock; THE CITIZEN, 18 Jun 82) ...e0-

Nats Expect To Win Germiston By-Election
(Jaap Therons THE CITIZEN, 21 Jun 82) .ecccccccessecee

Foreign Minister Expresses Readiness To Heed Friendly
Advice
(THE CITIZEN, 21 Jun 82) sscccesecccccccccccccccccccce

SAAF Confirms Pik Botha's Rank of Honorary Colonel
(THE CITIZEN, 21-Jun 82) scccccccccccccccsscccescesscs

Rand Hits Record Low With Decline of Gold Price
(Don Wilkinson; THE CITIZEN, 18 Jun 82).secccesccccoee

Briefs
Bombing System Tested
Lesotho Land Claims
SA's Maritime Family
ANC Treason Trial
Wheat Imports Continue
Pik's Plane Crashlands
Disturbances at Two Gold Mines

TANZANIA

UGANDA

ZAMBIA

Citizens, Parliamentarians Said To Oppose Direct Taxation
Bill
(Abdulla Suleimans DATLY OBSERVER, 7 Jun 82)..ceseecees

Problems of Military Training Detailed
(Mukyusa Jengos AFRICA AFP, 8 Jun 82) csccccccececececs

Just Released Indeco Annual Report Paints 'Gloomy Picture!
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 17 Jun 82) cccccccccccccccccccecccece

-d-

58

59

63

6h,

65

66

67

72

7h

76


[page

6]

[Editorial: "Colonel Pik"']

[Text ]

cso:

itz DEFENCE Force says Mr Pik Botha

cis, in fact, an honorary colonel of the’

“South African Air Force, which explains

E his appearance in uniform at a Press con-
ference in the operational area.

th was given this rank “as a gesture of
honour by Lieut-General Mike Muller,
E Chief of Staff of the SAAF,” says a De-

= =.fence Force spokesman.

‘It was kept as a surprise for him until he
3 reached the operational area last week,”
i the spokesman added. “Then he was told
bout it.”
ie South African Air Force was appar-
ently. taken by surprise as well, since it
hasn’t any record of Mr Botha being
made an honorary colonel — and it was
¥ quite adamant about this on Friday.

‘However, the Defence spokesman ex-
? plained that the confusion over Mr Bo-
b tha’s honorary colonelcy “results simply

from liaison problems between different
© departments in the Air Force.”

oF ‘so, this doesn’t say much for the De-

“ fence Force’s liaison structure.

We are also told honorary colonels only
wear their uniforms on ceremonial oc-
casions or when visiting their units, but

+. perhaps Press interviews are ceremonial

* occasions, too, these days.

:Bé that as it may; we do not think it

= necessary or desirable that our Foreign

Minister shouldbe walking around in
uniform, especially in a territory such as

South West Africa where he might be
mistaken for a serving officer and, who
knows, the enemy might take pot shot at
+ him.

It. might also be ‘considered inadvisable

{ that, with the world’s attention focused

on South West Africa, the Foreign Minis-

ter should give the impression of being a

“member of the forces — albeit in an

“honorary capacity —.which are engaged

in the border war.

f

‘Mr Botha, we must emphasise, has been
very keen on demonstrating at all times

+ that South Africa has no warlike inten-
tions in South West.

4700/1442

Now, when we are talking of a political
and international settlement, it is more
” important than ever that nothing should
: be done to suggest that our Foreign Min-

“ister has suddenly become militaristical-
« ly inclined.

For ourselves, we have acknowledged re-
peatedly that Mr Botha has played a key
role, over the years, in helping to deter-

’ mine the future of the territory.

He does not need a uniform or rank to con-
firm that he takes a “deep interest in de-
fence matters,” which, according to the

3 Defence spokesman, was the reason why
the honour was conferred on him.

Defence issues have been among the mat-

_ters involved in deciding our attitudes
and policy in the negotiations, for ex-

. ample, the monitoring of Swapo and the

* size and composition of the Untag forces,

* but the main thrust is for a political

© settlement.

‘This involves matters like the type of con-

" stitution that the territory should have

«and the machinery for holding a UN-
supervised election. :

‘It would be a pity, then, if Mr Botha were

, identified closely with the military side of

., things rather than the political and dip-
lomatic. ~

‘As for honours for Mr Botha, he will no

. doubt receive the recognition he deserves
when the South West African dispute is

i finally resolved.

68



and are frantically scouring stores and standing in lines to buy the last sup-
plies of these products.

Even though this is not true now of beer and soft drinks, it is true that
there are also food products consumed on a large scale by a great majority of
our people, and their scarcity is creating unrest.

This situation, however, which is now affecting Maputo and, to a certain ex-
tent, the second largest city in the country, has been a fact of every day
life in other cities, such as Nampula, Lichinga, Quelimane and Pemba, where
swindling for these scarce products has been widespread.

The shortage of these products does not entail either more or less foreign

exchange, whether it occurs simultaneously or on a staggered basis. However,
when it occurs simultaneously, this does imply much more social unrest.

9805 .
CSO: 4742/322

23



SOUTH AFRICA

FOREIGN MINISTER EXPRESSES READINESS TO HEED FRIENDLY ADVICE
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 21 Jun 82 p 9
[Text] Upington--South Africa is prepared to listen to the advice of its friends

abroad in its search for solutions to its internal problems, the Minister of Foreign
Affairs, Mr Pik Botha, said at the weekend.

| "The country was,
{however, not prepared
‘to allow others, particu-
larly foreign radicals,
;to determine. its poli-
ities.

&. Addressing a public
imeeting at Upington,
*Mr Botha said the time
“had come for the people
of South Africa not
#merely to ask what the
‘Government was doing
to overcome the coun-

fio w problems, but to

cdo what they could for
ithe country, in their
‘own interests.

& Turning to South
West Africa, Mr Botha
isaid the aid South Afri-
'éa" Was giving the terri-
jtory at present could
‘possibly be the greatest
famount per capita
igiven by any one coun-
‘try to another.

© He said there would
jalso has further nego-
itiations on the sizes,
‘composition and func-
‘tions of the UN tran-
‘sition assistance group.
‘Considerable progress
Shad been made in these
imegotiations.

CSO: 4700/1442

© South Africa would
imever go back on any-
‘thing it had ever said
regarding SWA, Mr Bo-
‘tha ‘said.

*. He stressed the im-
portance of unity and
co-operation and said
South Africa would, in
the absence of these,
not be able to survive.
This was especially true
in the economic field.:

{. The meeting passed a
motion of full confi-
dence in the Prime Mi-
nister, Mr. P W Botha,
with 930 votes against
“5, — Sapa.

66



SOUTH AFRICA

ECONOMIC, MILITARY COOPERATION WITH ISRAEL REPORTED

London SECHABA in English Apr 82 pp 20-23

[Article entitled:

[Text]

een
“as long as Israel exists we have hope.
If Israel should, God forbid, be destroyed
then South Africa would be In danger of
extinction.” .
General Van den Bergh: Yediot Aharanot
16.8.1973

el
“1 cannot stress sufficiently how we in

Israel cherish relations with South Africa,
which has been consistent in her friendship
towards us ... South Africa must be seen as
having special values for the free world ...
It would be a disaster if South Africa were
lost as a constructive and active member
of the free community of nations.”

Itzhak Unna, Israel Ambassador to South
Africa: To the Point 27.7.1979

Recognition of their interdependence forms
the basis of relations between Israel and
racist South Africa, and between zionism
and apartheid. Created as the twin outposts
of imperialism ~- one guarding the eastern
Mediterranean and the northern entry into
Africa, and the other the economic and
strategic interests of the imperialist powers
in southern Africa, the Indian Ocean and the
South Atlantic — they act as the economic
and military agents of their masters in their
respective regions. They cooperate not only
with imperialism but also with eachother:
strengthening racism, cooperating in thelr
aggressive manouevres against their neigh-
bours, and providing mutual military and
financial support to ensure the survival
of their regimes.

"Twin Outposts of Imperialism"]

Economic Collaboration

The economic — co-operation between
apartheid South Africa and Israel is mutually
beneficial. Israel provides a channel for
exports into African and Non-aligned
countries which operate a trade embargo
on South African goods, and allows South
African goods to enter the EEC under
Israel’s free trade agreement. In return
Israel benefits from the financial and other
aid provided by South Africa.

Since 1976, co-operation at state level
has’ been through a Joint Ministerial
Committee, established during the visit of
the then Prime Minister Vorster to Israel.
The Committee was set up to discuss and
implement the growing development of
trade; scientific and technical cooperation;
and the “Joint ttilisation of South Africa’s
raw ‘naterials and Israeli manpower”.
Co-o eration is further extended through
regul:r visits by officials and ministers
between the two countries.

At the end of 1980, during the visit
of the Finance Minister Horwood to Israel
an agreement was concluded providing
for an aid package worth $250m to Israel.
It covers the extenstion of credits, permis-
sion for the further export of capital
market.

South African zionists have been sending
larger per capita donations to Israel than
any other group, not excluding the United
States. There are regular fund raising drives
in South Africa in which prominent
Israeli political, military and commercial
leaders participate. Despite its own foreign

59


result. The first five months of the PNDC
can also be assessed, but a dialectical
approach makes room for developments
arising from any contradictions of these
initial months. It is therefore too early to
judge what objective role Rawlings is
playing in the long struggle of the Gha-
haian people for social justice and demo-
cratic progress.

History has a way of turning heroes into
villains and vice versa: This can depend on
who records that history. For Rawlings to
remain a popular hero in Ghana, in Africa,
there must be no ambiguities in his rela-
tionship with the people. His tragedy
would be if reactionaries continued
hating him to death while the people also
began hating him.

cso: 4700/1443

16



MOZAMBIQUE

INITIAL GROUP OF STUDENTS DEPARTS FOR GDR
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 18 May 82 p 3

[Excerpts] Thirty-five primary-school students ranging in age from 12 to 14
will be leaving on 20 May for the German Democratic Republic, where they will
continue their studies at the GDR-Mozambique Friendship School. "This trip
is a sign of the friendly relations between Mozambique and the GDR," Graca
Machel, minister of education and culture, said yesterday at a farewell cere-
mony for the students.

These students are part of a group of 900 children who will be traveling to
that socialist country this year under the agreement signed during President
Samora Machel's visit to the GDR in 1980.

The students from all the provinces of the country will be accompanied by 12
teachers who will teach them subjects related to our country.

After explaining to the students the reason for the trip abroad to continue
their education, Graca Machel said that our country was experiencing major
difficulties in obraining materials which is why not all children can con-
tinue to go to school after the fourth grade.

"This situation, which is contrary to our party's guidelines, led us to ap-
peal to friendly countries," the education and culture minister explained.

Graca Machel also pointed out that the children were not selected on their
own merit alone.

You were chosen because you are the children of workers and farmers, the pre-
dominant class in our country," he said.

The ceremony was attended by Matias Kapesse, the national education director,

Sergio Martins, the Mozambican representative of the GDR-Mozambican Friend-
ship School, and other teachers.

9805
CSO: 4742/322

33



NIGERIA

BRIEFS

CAR PARTS FACTORY--Plans are underway for the establishment of a Central Shop which
will be responsible for the pressing of the body parts requirements of all the
present and prospective motor vehicle assemblers in the country. The project, es-
timated to cost 71.5 million, will be subscribed to by local vehicle assemblers, the
Federal Government and a consortium acting as technical partners. The Minister of
States in the Federal Ministry of Industries, Dr. Ishamel Igbani, disclosed this

in Lagos. Dr. Igbani, who was speaking on "The Future of The Motor Industry in
Nigeria", said that the present Federal administration regarded local production of
automotive components and parts as crucial to the development of the industry in
Nigeria. He said that besides increasing the domestic content of locally produced
motor vehicles, the components and parts sector would provide further investments
in the economy and employment for Nigerians. [Text] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in English
26 May 82 p 23]

WAR SHIPS ACQUIRED--Nigeria yesterday added three more war ships to her naval fleet.
The three ships sailed into Nigerian waters at Apapa from France. The ships are
EKUN, AYAM, and SIRI--meaning tiger in Nigerian three main languages. Ekun was
under the command of Commander Ibrahim Ogohi, while Commander A Ogwiji commanded
Siri. Ayam was under the command of Commander Dele Oshunmakinde who is also the
general officer commanding the three ships. [Text] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in English
29 May 82]

ANOTHER BOOK ON SHAGARI--A book on the life of President Shehu Shagari written by a
renowned journalist Mr. David Williams will be launched in Lagos today. The book
titled: "President and Power in Nigeria" will be launched at the Nigerian Institute
of International Affairs, Victoria Island, Lagos at 2.30 p.m. by the Commonwealth
Secretary General Mr. Shridath Ramphal. A one time Federal Commissioner for Infor-
mation during the military era, retired Major-General I. B. M. Haruna will be the
chairman of the occasion. [Text] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 31 May 82 p 40]

OIL PRODUCTION FOR MARCH--Crude oil production for the month of March, 1982 amounted
to a total of 28,911,897 barrels while the amount of crude oil export for the same
month was 23,678,965 barréls. According to production figures released in Lagos at
the weekend the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) said the figures
represented an average production rate of 0.93 million barrels a day with that of
export being 0.76 million barrels a day. The statement said that compared to the
preceding month, the performance during the month of March, 1982 represented a
decrease of about 33 per cent in production and 20 per cent in export. The NNPC

53



GHANA

PEKIS, TSITOS CLASH AGAIN
Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 11 Jun 82 pp 1, 5
[Article by Jubilant Atuwo, Kporvi]

[Text] Two persons were killed and over 35 houses, including a police post, were
burned rendering over 800 families homeless in the wake of fresh fighting which

erupted between the people of Peki and Tsito on Tuesday over a piece of disputed
land.

The deceased are Mr John Asemsro, 38, a youth leader from Tsito and Madam Yawa Akom,
a 27-year old pregnant wife of a police corporal stationed here.

It started when Asemsro was cold-bloodedly shot dead on the Tsito People's Defence
Committee farm about 200 metres from Kporvi village.

The plot forms part of the land in dispute between the people of Tsito and Peki
over which heavy toll of human life had been taken in fratricidal conflict over
the years.

Police sources claimed that the incident could not be immediately controlled because
all the five policemen at the post were on official duties outside the village at
the time of the incident. ,

The absence of police control led to indiscriminate burning down of private build-
ings and property of the inhabitants valued at about ¢700,000.

The inhabitants, for fear of being taken captive by their assailants, instantly de-
serted the village to take refuge at Dedo, a village about four miles off the main
Accra road.

It is still not established which of the two rival factions had perpetuated the
latest hostilities but 11 suspects have so far been arrested.

Meanwhile, a joint military-police patrol team have been town to maintain law and
order.

cso: 4700/1451

19



MULEMBA VISITS COLLECTIVE FARM, STUDENTS IN MOSCOW

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 11 Jun 82 p 1

[Text] | MOSCOW; Thursday.
PARTY Secretary-Géneral. Mulemba said here today
that young Zambian. professionals were’ the only hope
to meet the challenges of agro-industries.

Mr Mulemba said this when a
he visited Moscow's Lenin Mr Iva Khunar, chairman
collective farming cooperative of the Lenin collective tarm
on the outskirts of the city cooperative management. said
where he was told young success in collective farming
Soviets were playing a vital needed = committed party
role in food production. members to provide the

The criteria for choosing —-Recessary guidelines in
young people to take up farm- implementing policies.
ing as a career were high This was the only way in
academic qualifications which to sustain stability and
essential for easy application high productivity.
and comprehension of the Mr Mulemba told Zambian
techniques, Mr Mulemba was students studying to take their
told. studies seriously and live

The Party chief said he had exemplary lives.
learnt with great admiration Mr Mulemba who was
the manner in which agritultu- addressing Moscow-based
rists and allied professionals students said they had an
were being groomed to play a obligation to reciprocate this
leading role in revolutionising generous gesture by the Party
food production, and its Government by practi-

“We have becn able to cal application of what they
learn a lot from the home of had studied.
collective farming. This will -
defintely inspire my elege-—,.AM4 spuin nae [nee
tion and the Farty into practi: news agency Novosti, Mr

Central committee member Mulemba said ee
a Rare ‘ofegion, Mr and cordial hospitality accord-
ivan | ended ed him and his delegation.
ee ee sang parts Thé good relations that exist
intellectuals to come and learn between jeambia and tne
modern mechanised farming hened even further by
techniques in the Soviet strengthened even further by
Union. . his visit to the country.

Mr Mulemba praised the
Soviet Union for its role in the
liberation struggle for the
oppressed peopl? throughout
the world and in particular

CSO: 4700/1448 Southern Africa.

86

ZAMBIA

"We shall continue to
expand our cooperation not
only in education but in other
fields. The Soviet Union's
‘practical contribution to free
mankind from oppression
cannot be underated.**


MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

OFFICIAL TO BULGARIA, USSR--To exchange experiences on party and government
management of cities, a Mozambican delegation headed by the president of the
Maputo Executive Council, Maj Gen Antonio Hama Thai, left yesterday for
Sofia, Bulgaria. The delegation will go on to Moscow for a further ex-
change. These visits are made at the invitation of the leaders of the
capitals of the two socialist countries, with which we have maintained
"traditionally friendly" relations, according to Antonio Thai. Speaking to
NOTICIAS moments before his departure, the Maputo Executive Council President
stressed that relations between the parties and governments of Bulgaria and
the USSR are good and that they are both involved in the great struggle
against imperialism and underdevelopment. [Excerpts] [Maputo NOTICIAS in
Portuguese 21 May 82 p 10] 9805

TETE ROAD CONSTRUCTION--Work to build and improve various roads are initiated
at the beginning of this year in Tete Province, according to information
gathered by RM [Radio Mozambique]. CETA is currently working on the Mussaca-
Ulongue road and on a 4 kilometer segment in the Carbomoc coal exploration
area. Construction of a bridge over the M'condedzi River has also begun.
The road linking Massacane and Ulongue is scheduled to be completed by 1983.
It will considerably improve travel between the city of Tete and the Angonia
district. The Carbomoc segment is expected to be finished by the end of
October. The Tete Integral Construction Company is developing ground-filling
and construction work on the Maravia road, which is part of the provincial
government's plan. Our source went on to say that the shortage of building
materials, spare parts and fuel could make it difficult to complete these
projects on schedule, [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 May 82 p 8]
9805

ITALIAN METALWORKING TRAINING--Forty workers will be sent to Italy this year
by the National Production Councils Implementation Commission [CNICP], where
they will specialize in various trades. A source from that agency told
DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE that the Mozambican workers are being sent to Italy as
a result of the agreements signed between the CNICP and the Metalworkers
Federation in Italy, when that group visited Mozambique last June. In Italy,
our workers will train to be ship electricians, metalworkers, welders and

boilermakers. [Text] [Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 9 May 82 p 1]
9805

CSO: 4742/327

ho



COST OF RECRUITMENT OF EXPATRIATES REPORTED

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 13 Jun 82 p 1

[Text]

cso:

{ In the” private “and
arastatal sectors the
figure spent on the
‘recruitment of expatriate
saccountants is K25.60
‘million as against
1K542, 653 spent on the
itraining of Zambians in
‘accountancy.
{Mr Mundia said Zambia had
jnot performed well in the field
‘of accountancy since Inde-
ndence.

Speaking at a dinner for the
\Zambia Centre of the Institute
‘of Cost and Management
-Accountants at Pamodzi Hotel,
‘Mr Mundia said: on a per
‘capita basis, the Government
-as the biggest employer in the
‘economy had fared even worse
than the private sector.

i Growth

This performance stood in
stark contrast with the output
of local personnel in other
disciplines and areas of study
such as engineering, econo-
mics, law, teaching, medical
and paramedical fields.

“‘More seriously, the rate of
growth in the production of
‘Zambian accountants is very
low and compares most un-
favourably with other profes-

4700/1448

HE Government has spent K4,968 inillidn ‘on recruitment
mployment of expatriate accountants ' since, Independence,
rime Minister Mundia disclosed yesterday. .

sions and fields of study,”’ he
said.

Mr Mundia told diners that
much as effective industry and
Government administration
and management depended on
accounting services, there
were only an estimated 200
professional qualified Zam-
bians in accountancy most of
whom were actually employed
in industrial and commercial
concerns.

‘As a result of the shortage of
accountants in Zambia the
country had spent large sums
of money on recruitment and
employment of expatriate
accountants.

In a modern industrial state
such as Zambia the role of
accountancy was crucial.

“By and large, political and
management decisions espe-
cially those that evolve on
money and finance and thé
interpretation of facts and
figures for industry and servi-
ces depend for their effective
implementation on the exist-
ence of a cadre of well trained
persons in the profession of
accountancy.’”

The setting up of an effect-
‘ive system of financial infor-
mation for management and
scontrol of organisations, small
or large, public or private and
even for the Government itself
became undebatedly indispen-
sable.

81

ent cared “‘greatly'’ about

‘oth the slow iate of growth of
‘Zambian accountancy profes-
‘sionals and the cost of recruit-
ing foreign expertise in ac-
‘countancy.

The Prime Minister announ-
ced that a draft legislation for
the establishment of an ac-
countancy body in whose
drafting the centre participa-
ted, had been approved by the
Cabinet and was now ready to
be tabled before Parliament.

The Zambia Audit Services
Corporation (ZASC) would
operate like existing chartered
accounting firms except that
the corporation would serve
‘parastatals and statutory

oards.

bac “Patty and its Govern-
a

It was hoped that the cor-
poration would reduce both
ithe cost for services for para-
statal and statutory institu-
tions, save foreign exchange

‘outflows and ‘accelerate - the
‘training of accountants in
Zambia.

i

/\ Mr Mundia urged account:
‘ants not to hesitate to recom-
‘mend the restructuring of the
‘capital base of institutions or
iclosure’ of companies if the
soperations of such campanies
‘posed a danger or a waste of
resources for the economy.

ZAMBIA



MABUZA REJECTS KANGWANE'S INCORPORATION INTO SWAZILAND

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Jun 82 p 4

[Text] ‘qHreF Enos Mabuza,

cso:

Chief Executive Coun-
‘eillor of the Swazi nat-
ional state Kangwane
‘demanded yesterday at
‘a Press conference in
‘Pretoria a position in
the White Cabinet and
representation in Par-
liament for South Afri-
sean Swazi’s “so that
jthey could have a say
lover the future of
jSouth African-born
'Swazi’s.”

He rejected the incor-
poration of Kangwane
into Swaziland and ac-
‘cused the South Afri-
can Intelligence Service
and the Security Police
‘of having issued a
“veiled threat” to him
sand other Swazi chiefs
in South Africa “to
teither agree to the Gov-
ernment’s proposals
and co-operate, or.to ac-
yoept the Government’s
‘clampdown on them.”

He said that he had
Inever met the South
‘African Prime Minister,
‘Mr P W Botha, before
‘and added that the Gov-

4700/1442

ernment’s basic ‘aim which to defend those

with the unification of
Swaziland was to “of-
fload South Africa’s
Swazis and to make
power sharing between

‘ites, Coloureds and
Asians much_health-
ier.”

He refused to com-
ment on Kwazulu’s pos-
ition in the land deal,
“because he was not
prepared to interfere in
the internal affairs of
KwaZulu.”

At the same time, he
asked local and foreign
reporters present at the
Press conference to tell
the world “South Afri-
can Swazis are not
pawns in a political
game of chess, and were
neither fools to be trad-
ed across a counter.”

He warned the Gov-
ernment “that we shall
have no alternative but
to openly defy .an:im-
posed Government and
its laws.”

“We do not have guns
with which to defend
our rights, but we do
have the will, as well as
our bare hands, with

rights.” |,

Asked: later whether
he was threatening the
Government with rebel-
lion, Chief Mabuza said:
“I neither implied a
threat or battle. De-
fence of one’s own
rights is not a threat. In
fact, the Government’s
action is a threat.”

Asked whether he re-
fused incorporation be-
cause -he favoured
South Africa’s national
states system, he said:

“Our political philos-
ophy is one of a unitary
state, and of universal
franchise for all citi-
zens,”

“Our desire to stay in
South Africa is not to
back the status quo, but
to have a say in the cen-
tral Cabinet and Parlia-
ment. regarding our
own affairs,” he said.

A referendum should
be held among South
African Swazi’s on the
issue of incorporation
with Swaziland.

58

SOUTH AFRICA


[Text] ZESCO yesterday

fired nearly 400
striking workers,
administrative
manager Mr. Essie
Mulonda confirm-
ed. .
Of those sacked -388
are from the. Zesco
workshop in ‘Lusaka and
ten are alleged ring-
leaders at Ndola, he said.
The Lusaka workshop
has about 600 workers.

In view of the mass sackings
‘the corporation would now
undertake a major reorganisa-
tion exercise during which a
number of workers from ‘‘over

employed’”’ stations in the’

country would move to Lusaka
to ensure smooth operations.

Mr Mulonda said the action
was in line with the recogni-
tion and collective agreements
worked out ‘between the
management and the Zambia
Electricity Workers Union
(ZEWU).

The dismissed workers are
from almost all categories ot
field employees but the .majo-
rity are general workers, he
said. .

Zesco ‘workers were, “by
law, not allowed to strike ‘‘and
as patriots we have followed
the law of the land’’.

ZESCO FIRES 400 STRIKERS, GOVERNOR IN: TERVENES

Majority General Workers

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 12 Jun 82 p 1

It was not for him to say
whether the dismissed work-
ers would be allowed to appeal
against the dismissal. He said
they would all get their termi-
nal benefits and the company

would require them to vacate
its houses immediately.

__ Mr Mulonda said employees
in Ndola had returned to work
on Thursday after heading ap-
peals from management and
their union leaders but those
that had been dismissed in
the area were those identified
as ringleaders by the manage-
ment and their union leaders.

_ Workers at the Zesco plant
in Lusaka had been on strike
since Tuesday protesting
against what they considered
management delays in paying
them salary increments work-
ed out about two years ago.
The strike spread to Ndola on
Wednesday.

Mr Mulonda said some of
the workers in Ndola would be
given lighter disciplinary act-
jon.

Among the categories sack-

ed are line techinicians, fitters,
electricians, mechanics, cable
joiners, supervisors, welders,
painters, drivers, plant at-
cendants, fixers, general work-
ers and other artisans.

The management. did not
consult the ZEWU officials on
the dismissat decision because
the procedure to be taken in
circumstances of that nature

82

was clearly outlined in the re-
' cognition and collective agree-
ments.

He-said union leaders had
constantly been urging the
workers to go back to work.

Late yesterday afternoon the
management was trying to
inform the Ministry of Labour
and Social Services and the

labour commissioner about the
decision it had taken to sack
the striking workers.

And union officials said they
would take up the matter with
relevant duthorities to have
the workers reinstated.”

Industrial unrest has been
sweeping through Zesco for
some time now. In 1979 the
management ~ fired seven
works councillors for holding a
meeting and releasing state-
ments to the Press. *

in the same year about 900
Zesco workers in Lusaka went
on strike protesting against
decision by management ‘to
backdate a K6-a-month incre-
ment to January 1979 instead
of May 1978, .

In 1980 Zesco workers at

Ndola and Lusaka were among:

the thousands of other workers
in a series of strikes that rock-

ed the country demanding the
immediate payment by man-
agement c” K156 increments
awarded b, thc Government to
all workers as part of an agree-
ment with the Zambia Con-
gress of Trade Unions (ZCTU).

ZAMBIA


His anti-white radicalism was an opportunistic tool of his ambition, camoflaging
his collusion with the enemy; he sought to foment intrigue, elitism and
division within the Defense and Security forces.

6. Our party teaches us that a revolution is like a torrential river; as it
swells with new forces, the impurities it carries are cast up on its banks.

In’ defecting to the minority racist Pretoria regime, a regime which oppresses
and murders South African people, which colonized Namibia and is waging a
terrorist war against it, which occupies a part of Angolan territory, which
attacks Mozambique and creates, supplies and directs armed bands, Jorge Manuel
Antunes da Costa has revealed the true and hideous face of a traitor to his
country.

Maputo, 7 June 1982

The Struggle Continues!
Reaction Shall Not Endure!

6362
CSO: 4742/329

27



and north. After that convenient pause in
opposition, with the weapons and suppor-
ters which the FAN collected along the
way, Habré’s advance assumed an irresisti-
ble momentum.

The OAU forces made it quite clear, in
diplomatic circles as well as on the ground,
that their role was. not combative. The
temptation to react to provocation was
even resisted when one or two stray shells

landed near Senegalese troops\\ President
Goukhouni accused the peacekeeping
forces on numerous occasions of “co-
habiting” with Habré on the battlefields.
But this was often used as an excuse for the
military disorganisation of his own troops.
Although Kamougué and Acyl have pub-
lically dissociated themselves, and their
troops, from just one or two actions against
Habré, it was understood they declined to
fight other battles as well.

Fund raising
called off

The OAU force, in resisting direct con-
frontation, has conducted itself like any
other peacekeeping force. Unlike other
peacekeeping forces, however, it was
monitoring a military situation in which
one side had a clear advantage. It was also
severely short of funds. What financial
support it had was too little and too late.
The United Nations fund-raising meeting
scheduled to take place this week in
Nairobi has now been postponed to “some
time later in the year’”’. And other, less well
publicised, attempts to raise funds for
Chadian development will almost certainly
now be shelved.

The OAU has been seen to aquiesce in a
coup d’état. This is unfortunate for its
prestige. Those who would snipe at the
OAU for other reasons (ie. the Western
Sahara problem) are now notching up
Chad as another “failure”. But the Pan-
African organisation is not alone in having
been burnt by the fire that rages in Chad.

The French dilemma, for example, is
indicative of the dangers of becoming
embroiled in Chad. Having, in the first
instance, colonised a heterogeneous chunk
of Africa, it became involved in various
interventions to maintain its commercial

CSO: 4700/1445

and strategic interests there. Mitterrand’s
Socialist. Government has apparently
eschewed “interventionism.” But Mitter-
rand did not hesitate to initiate (privately)
and then support (publicly) the OAU
force. His enthusiasm for the peacekeeping
force was in part a manifestation of Gadda-
fi-mania. (French prestige was hurt when
Libya brought a semblance of — albeit
forced — peace.) Mitterramd’s enthusiasm
was also due in part to the improved
rapprochement between Paris and Lagos.

Now, Paris face a Chadian leader (pace
the south) which, by implication, it
opposed. The complication is that Paris
and Habré share animosity toward Libya,
not to mention the fact that Habré himself
owes his existence to other international
support.

Thus France and the OAU find them-
selves in acutely embarrassing positions,
whatever their professed good intentions.
In Chad, as elsewhere, internationalisation
has meant escalation. But the OAU
peacekeeping force is not necessarily impli-
cated in that escalation; by the very ambi-
guity of its role it may have contributed to
the fragmentation of the GUNT, thus
avoiding a direct clash between the full
force of the GUNT and the FAN. So it
may have minimised the loss of life. What
life holds for the Chadian people will
depend on Habré’s firmness with dissen-
ters — he has a dishonourable record
which is not forgotten in this regard — and
if he can each an agreement with the
south. 4 / :


NAP Leader Pleased

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 25 May 82 p 1

[Text] iV 7 ap leader Tunii The registration He thanked “all
° . of our irrepressible; those who stood by!
Hele or aithwaite party today is, there-| him during the fight
‘world, yosterd fore, yet another pro- for recognition.
wor. yesterday ‘found testimony of
when news of the ighty hand of
registration of his the mighty hand o!
‘parti hed hi God: in men’s affairs
Lied ea 'm. if men are prepared
ae nee, anePOrters ‘to take their case to
fat the NAP head” ‘him whom flows
quarters. in Lagos: justic
fe a mercy and justice.
areeecon nen has Nally. assure
‘between old and new; {the country — that
fresh or stale. “despite the advant-
\ “Nigeri ‘age of an early start
‘confidently cane enjoyed. by the other
forward to the much existing parties, ‘the
‘desired and long. atrial of NAP for
‘overdue change from ext year's elections
‘the persistent primi. Will certainly . make

tive and. corrupt onsense of their
‘untair advantages”.

spolitics of the past’ * Mr, Braithwaite
which has so long, ‘said the route to get
‘obstructed ..rapid ‘the NAP registered
tsocial and’ economic was “tortuous”.
cemancipation of the *

citizenry.

NDAP Leader Protests
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 25 May 82 p 1

(71 am ‘not joining
i red Na-: ‘any other party. I am
ional Democratic not going to be swal-
‘Action Party lowed up with my
(NDAP), Miss Feliz ‘ideology.
Alheri-Mortune, “T am really shock-
ithreatened yesterday ed. Dynamism and
‘to leave the country talent are not encour-

‘for FEDECO. aged in this country.
; Her party was one ‘FEDECO ought to

Sof the six refused ‘have registered

“registration. ‘NDAP along with the
© Miss Alheri-Mor- “NAP.”

‘tuné told the Daily

{Times in a telephone

finterview: “It ‘is

facism; I gonna

jleave the — country

jHext year. I cannot

live in Nigeria under

ithis condition with

-garbage all over. the

splace.

2


to negotiate with Habré anyway, but mili-
tary expediency cannot have been far from
their thoughts. Kamougué, in any case,
had his own problems to deal with in the
south, of which more later.

Thus it was left more or less to the
Forces Amées Populaires (FAP) of
President Goukhouni, to attempt resist-
ance. The FAP failed. Habré’s spokesman
in Europe reported “hundreds” of deaths
on the Government side and the taking of
over 300 prisoners.

President Goukhouni himself fled to
Cameroon. President Ahidjo has accorded’
him political asylum there. Official sources
in Lagos said Nigeria has refused a request!
for asylum.

Goukhouni followed in the steps of
many thousands of his supporters who
have gone to Cameroon to escape the
fighting. Their first stop will be Kousseri,
in the far-north of Cameroon, but as the
refugee camp there was closed by the
United Nations High Commission for Re-
fugees in March, they will be directed to
Poli, some 300 miles to the south. Those of
Habré’s supporters for whom political alle-
giance is stronger than the desire for a
settled life will, on past form, be travelling
back north from Poli.

Habré had a hard-core of sympathisers
left in N’Djamena itself, and one of his
tactics had been to despatch infiltrators
from his main force to the capital to test
the popular political climate there. He has
strong links with the Imam of N’Djamena
— and hence with Saudi Arabia which has

been financing some of his arms supplies —
and it was probably these elements which
vociferously welcomed him to the capital.

In the short period that Habré has held
the capital, no new alliances have
emerged. There will inevitably be a feeling
among many. Chadians that military might
is best, because it can hold. Goukhouni’s
shifting and shadowy political alliances
have proved ineffective for maintaining
peace. But Habré has yet to dominate the
south of the country, which has always
been against him and which is the econo-
mic base of the country. Goukhouni has
criticised the leader of the south, Abdel-
kader Kamougué, for not participating in
major battles against Habré. But
Kamougué did not decline out of any love

for Habré. It is in the ‘south that Habré’s
military and political skill will really be
tested. .

At about the time of the fall of Mas-
saguet, an internal rift was surfacing in
Kamougué’s Forces Armées Tchadiennes
(FAT). Gendarmes controlled by Colonel
Kamougué (he is the administrator of the
region) were fighting with FAT soldiers led
‘by Colonel Allafi, a former FAT leader
and, in theory, the Chief of Staff of the
Integrated National Army which was, in
theory, defending N’Djamena. In fact, as
has been the case since Chadian indepen-
dence, local allegiances proved more
powerful than national solidarity.

President Goukhouni had been on the
defensive for many months. His military
forces have been loosing battles to Habré
ever since the Libyans left last November.
And military defeats have been followed
by diplomatic rifts with the OAU and
hiccoughs in relation with Paris.
Goukhouni assumed, wrongly, that the
OAU peacekeeping forces would directly
defend GUNT positions. Quite apart from
the political hues of those countries, which
he expected to defend his government
(Zaire and Senegal, in particular, are not
known as “progressives”), direct engage-
ment has not, historically, been the role of
peacekeeping forces.

There have been similar accusations as
to the non-effectiveness of the United
Nations peacekeeping forces in Lebanon,
but they, like their OAU counterparts,
have not been tempted to “support” one
side or another.

Have the OAU
forces failed?

All of this raises the thorny question;
have the OAU peacekeeping forces failed?
From the start the OAU casques blancs
were at a disadvantage, both because of
the loosely-knit nature of their political
masters’ organisation and because of the
clear advantage that one side in the conflict
(Habré’s FAN), had gained since the
Libyan withdrawal. We have said (West
Africa, May 10) that it was a fundamental
mistake for the OAU to enter the country
without first insistng on a ceasefire. The
leaders of the countries contributing to the
force (Togo, Gabon, Benin and others
were originally implicated), prevaricated
long enough after the Libyan withdrawal
for Habré to retake positions in the east



MOZAMBIQUE

NEW TANK, FREIGHT CARS ADDED TO CENTRAL RAILROAD
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 17 May 82 p 16

[Text Since the first of the year, the Central-Mozambique Railroad
Enterprise [CFM-Centro] has received a shipment of 30 tank cars from an order
placed with Cometal-Mometal.

These tank cars have a 45,000 liter capacity, according to information given
to our reporter by the CFM-Centro Director, Engineer Ramiro da Silva. This
purchase is going to make it possible to begin returning thé cars leased
from Zimbabwe.

Up to now, 14 tank cars belonging to a firm manufacturing them in that
neighboring country have been returned. This has made it possible to save
about 1.5 million meticals annually in foreign exchange.

The 30 cars will greatly contribute to our domestic fleet for distribution
of fuel, although it is still not complete, since more cars need to be
replaced in our railway shipment network.

According to the CFM-Centro director, there was a lack of effective control
during the first few months of the year, added to difficulties in the
locomotive yard at the end of the first quarter.

In addition, they are awaiting receipt of an order for 100 high-sided cars
manufactured by Cometal-Mometal. They have a capacity of 45 tons each and
will be used entirely for domestic shipment.

Improving International Transport

The CFM-Centro director also told our reporter that they are planning to
acquire 10 flatcars for container shipment, which will provide a way of
responding to requests by Zimbabwe exporters in the Mutare area.

In this regard, Engineer Ramiro da Silva said that many exporters in the
Eastern Harare region prefer Beira port to other routes, such as South-Africa.

This concern was recently expressed during a visit of a Mozambican railroad
delegation to.Harare, where they met with the company managers.

9805
CSO: 4742/327

36



Rawlings and the people of Ghana is so
important. It must be repeated that no
Ghanaian has been so personally popular
— one might add, domestically and inter-
nationally — since Nkrumah. From May 15
three years ago, Rawlings became the focal
point of mass aspirations for justice, equal
Tights before the law, and popular demo-
cracy in Ghana. Honesty and accountabil-
ity in public office; an end to hoarding and
profiteering; restoration of national pride
through performance and integrity; and
also, a kind of moral re-armament, restora-
tion of social harmony through fidelity to
basic human values. All these Rawlings
brought to the fore. It was argued that his
only real base was urban, the workers,
students and unemployed. But who could
argue that Rawlings was not popular with
most of the-Ghanaian people who suffer
exploitation and oppression in.their urban
‘and rural forms? _
There is also the factor of style. Rawl-

ings is the ordinary man’s head of state: he
has spent a whole afternoon down a
goldmine with miners, he has shifted cocoa
and cut sugar-cane; he sits down to eat with
workers, and talks their language, and
shares his cigarettes freely. The defining
characteristic of this man-of-the-people
practise is that is is usually unostentatious.
With a few long strides, Rawlings shatters
the protocol, crosses the usual chasm
between leaders and the people, and for
instance goes into a crowd in Cotonou to
light his cigarette.

The man himself is restless and energe-
tic. He was reputedly a rebel of long-
standing, a constant friend, a fearsome
enemy when he believed you had commit-
ted an injustice. He has won the devotion
of ordinary soldiers not by empty postur-
ing, but by identifying with their problems,
by, demonstrating practical demonstration
of concern for their welfare at financial and
personal cost to himself and his family, and
not to forget personal bravery in military
action.

Yet all this may not be enough. Popu-
lism is a well-known method of fooling the
people, making their exploitation a little
more palatable to all concerned, the flag
and anthem of freedom without the sub-
stance. The moralistic (and eventually de-
moralising, for some) house-cleaning of
June 4 was theoretically and practically
inadequate. The slogan was “fight for your
rights”, but the masses were deprived of
the means to do so.

December 31 brought people’s defence
committees and initial encouragement
from the PNDC for the masses to take
their destiny into their own hands. There
have been clear initial gains: lower rents,
transport fares, prices, far greater parti-
cipation in decision-making, in effect, a
glimmer of justice at the end of the tunnel.
A more coherent ideological framework:
has been set out: the policies of the
“December 31 Revolution should bear the
characteristics of a genuine national demo-
cratic revolution. They must be anti-
imperialist, anti-neocolonialist and must
aim at instituting a popular democracy”.
The only remaining problem is drawing up
appropriate policies and implementing
them.

Critics from the left have tended to
emphasise the progressive potential of
Rawlings’s leadership, and to disagree over
how well certain tactical manoeuvres relate
to the stated strategy. In five months,
disagreements among progressives, and
with Rawlings and/or his various advisers,
have related to the concrete effect certain
appointments, decisions and public state-
ments have had on the advance of people's
power in Ghana.

The harshest criticisms bear on ambi-
guities perceived in Rawlings’s class posi-
tion, on whether or not he really fears or
respects the masses. Is his populism an
advanced paternalism, a posture intended
to manipulate Ghana’s working people to
accept a more rational organisation of that
neo-colony? Does his class position incline
him naturally towards patient indulgence
of officers and the civilian petty-
bourgeoisie, and severity with workers and
ordinary soldiers? Has Rawlings come to
prevent revolution, stepping in when the
objective conditions were becoming ripe?
Those questions point to what may be the
big question: who, after five months of the
PNDC, is still bent on social and political
transformation in Ghana, and who is mere-
ly bent on house-cleaning, 1982-style?

“June 4 was a successful, if momentarily
painful, health cure for comprador and
petty-bourgeois domination in Ghana,
cosmetic surgery for an arthritic system”.
That, and other assessments of June 4 can
be made because it was three years ago,
its specific character bore fruit in the Third
Republic and its-carefree demonstration of
what bourgeois democracy in a neo-colony
in crisis means for the privileged few who
operate it, and December 31 happened as a

1



WEIJA PROJECT BEHIND SCHEDULE

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3384, 14 Jun 82 p 1619

[Text]

CSO:

The Weija Irrigation Project, which was started in 1978 and sh6uld
have been completed in 18 months, is not only far behind schedule, but
faced with rising costs.

Under the project agreement, the Ghana Government was to pay
€3,928,180.79 as part of the total cost in local currency and the
European Economic Commission was to provide £1,231,826.66 as the
foreign currency component. Payments so far made to the contractors
engaged on the project, Asakum Construction Works, are
€10,799,752.76 and an additional £1,031,670.76. The project is now
about 80 per cent complete and yet additional funds will be needed if it
should be completed by the end of September this year.

Investigations conducted by Ghana’s Daily Graphic have shown that
the initial project, which involved the development of 200 hectares of
identified irrigable land, was awarded to the Ghanaian firm in 1978. It
came out during the investigations that the contractor was without the
requisite machinery meant for the construction of the project, yet he was
awarded the contract on the grounds that he was the lowest possible
bidder out of the six firms which tendered. The contractor had to wait
nine months before taking delivery of some machinery from abroad.
Also, most of the workers engaged on the project have left due to poor
conditions of service, thus slowing down the pace of work.

A top official of the Irrigation Development Authority (IDA), the
supervisors of the project, told the Daily Graphic that at the start of the
project in 1978 the rates of payment were €3.14 and C4 respectively for
cement and concrete work, but this has shot up to €30 and C12.
Furthermore the rates of payment for steel jumped from €570 a tonne in
1978 to between €2,500 and €5,000.

Further investigations revealed that even though a penalty clause
could have been invoked against the contractor for failing to complete
the project on schedule, this was never done till thé coming in of the
PNDC, when the clause had been invoked twice. However, at a meeting
of the IDS officials with the contractor, the AESC and the EEC
Tepresentatives on the project recently, the penalty clause was revoked
on the pretext that the December 31. Revolution disrupted the progress
of work.

Meanwhile, the IDA has decided not to make any direct paymients to
the contractor, but rather they will pay all amounts into a special fund to
enable the IDA man at the project site to make payments according to to
the progress of work.

4700/1443

10

GHANA



Strengthening Ties With Spain Pledged
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 16 Jun 82) ceccccecesscccccceccceces

Zambians of Asian Origin Helping Nation Develop Economically
(Terence Musukus TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 17 Jun 82) .seccsces

Party, Government Moves To Develop Kapiri Mposhi Reported
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 16 Jun 82) cccccccccccccccccecccccce

Cost of Recruitment of Expatriates Reported
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 13 Jun 82) ..

Zesco Fires 00 Strikers, Governor in Tervenes
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 12, 16 Jun 82)..

doce ccccccevcee

Majority General Workers
Mwewa Steps In

Tazara Source in Iusaka Confirms Cargo, Passenger Rate
Hikes
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 17 Jun 82) cecccccccccccccccevcscoes

Mulemba Visits Collective Farm, Students in Moscow
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 11 Jun 82) .ccccccccccccccccccececes

Contractors Accuse Mines of Unfair Play
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 1) Jun 82) .scesseees

Section Level Youth League Posts Unfilled
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 16 Jun 82) ..

Briefs
UNZA. Lecturers! Boycott
No Party Committees
Youth Skills Training
Sit-In Staged

ZIMBABWE

Adoption of Cuban Idea To Speed Housing Reported
(THE HERALD, 15 Jun’ 82) cccccccccccccccccccccccecccece

Road Reconstruction, Development Program Reported
(THE HERALD, 12 Jun 82) seccccccccccccccccccecccvecces

Olympic Committee Appointments Announced
(THE HERALD, 1h Jun 82) .cccccccccsccsccessecccccccecs

Role of Chief Outlined by Chikowore
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 13 Jun 82) ....

-e-

7
78
80
81

82

85
86

87

91
92
93

ob


NATS EXPECT TO WIN GERMISTON BY-ELECTION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 21 Jun

[Article by Jaap Theron]

cso:

‘strongest support in

iGermiston _ district,
jdespite a fullscale on-
:slaught by both the
HNP and the Conser-
vative Party with re-
:gard to the Provincial
‘by-election to be held
on August 18.

NP sources yesterday
‘said that their election
machine was geared for
the by-election and they
were convinced the NP
;would pull off a victory
Hin this NP stronghold
funder attack.
|, The by-election that,
lis likely to be a three-
cornered fight between.
‘the NP, the HNP and
‘the CP, is being consid-
jered as an important in-
idicator to the strength
‘of the CP, and espec-
ially because its parlia-
jmentary candidate, Mrs
Bessie Scholtz, is a
imember of the Conser-
'vative Party. — _
[at will also be the
[first election to“ be!

(fought by the CP|
fformed by. Dr Treur-
Inicht.

CP sources said yes-
terday they have more
than enough street
-workers available in

4700/1442

mn, adding, that
(their chances appeared
lto be “promising”.

_ An HNP spokesman
isaid his party was
throwing everthing
possible in to prove that

they have more support
*than the CP.
f° Spokesmen from all
’three parties indicated
‘that they have come
across an exceptionally-
high precentage of so-
vealled “undecided vot-
ers”.
It appears from all
ithree sources that this
yuncertain vote mainly
represents NP support-
cers, who are still won-
‘dering what the govern-
+ment was going to do
with regard to the
IPresident’s Council's,
constitutional recom-|
“mendations.
E Workers. from _ all
fthree parties have
Ffound that many of
cthese uncertain votes
}first want to hear what
| the government has de-
‘cided about the coun-
try’s political future be-
fore they make up their
minds.
The Nationalists be-
lieve that if they.could
‘sell the government’s
new constitutional poli-
cy in strong terms, they
| would easily win the by-

election. On the other
| hand, the NP could only
sell its new policy after

82 p 15

the important federal
‘congress on July 30 and
‘31 in Bloemfontein. -

It appeared over the
‘weekend that the HNP,
‘so far, has the smallest
Support in Germiston
district.

The other two parties

| both indicated that

‘HNP support was two
percent or less, accord-
ing to their canvassing.

65

SOUTH AFRICA



GHANA

BRIEFS

LIBYA'S FAITH IN GHANA--The acting Secretary of the Libya People's Bureau, Mr Ab-
dallah Abujeidain, has said that Libya is showing her total commitment to Ghana by
contributing positively in all fields towards the success of her Revolution. Re-
ceiving a resolution presented to him in Accra on Monday by the four PDCs under

the Ministry of Fuel and Power, Mr Abujeidain said Libya's decision to aid Ghana
came from the People's Congress in Libya and this would continue until the country's
economy improved. The PDCs are from the Petroleum Department, Ghana Oil Petroleum
Refinery, Ghana Oil Company and the Electricity Corporation. Mr Abujeidain said
Libya was doing its duty towards the total liberation of Africa by giving aid to
Ghana. Mr Emmanuel Appiah-Korang, Secretary for Fuel and Power, who was present
at the function, said Ghana and Libya were now moving together as partners of de-
velopment, and this would help enhance their resources. In their resolution, the
PDCs expressed appreciation for the generous offers and aid Libya had made to Ghana
since the Revolution. They said "those offers show a real solidarity and total
commitment of the people of Libya towards the success of the Revolution."--GNA
[Text] [Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 9 Jun 82 pp 1, 3]

GHANA-CUBA MEETING--Talks began in Accra yesterday between Cuba and Ghana on the
possibility of establishing air service and merchant shipping links between the two
countries. Opening the talks, Alhaji Mahama Iddrisu, Secretary for Transport and
Communications, said no nation, irrespective of its size, might and wealth, could
isolate itself from the international community. He was therefore, gratified that
Ghana and Cuba, with identical economic as well as political aspirations, were
striving to keep in touch with each other for the advancement of their peoples.
According to the Secretary, Ghana and Cuba as producers of raw materials and semi-
finished products had an urgent need for a fairly cheap, reliable and efficient
transport system. He noted that "without merchant-shipping as a mode of transport
it will be near impossible or difficult for our two countries to develop a viable
international trade between us on one hand and the world on the other". Replying,
Lic Ismael Lorenzo Ferran, leader of the two-man Cuban delegation for the talks,
said the development of an air and shipping link between Cuba and Ghana would help
to bring the two countries together. Mr Ferran observed that since the two coun-
tries were under-developed and trying to be self-reliant, it was better concrete
steps were taken to develop productive relations. [Article by Francis Kokutse]
[Text] [Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 8 Jun 82 pp 1, 3]

20



WEEKLY WRAP-UP OF NON-ENGLISH PRESS

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 13 Jun 82 p 3

[Article by Dereje Balcha in column:

“The need for the introduction of
“appropriate technologies into, produc-
tion activities of the Ethiopian peas:
“antry was one of the Prominent arti-
cles featured by Serto Ader
axgan.of. the Central Committee of
COPWE. The paper pointed out the
decisive role a strong economy plays
jn the building of a socialist system
and the need for the transformation
of the rural economy in this line by
iway of organizing and heightening
the technical and cultural standards
‘of the peasant masses.

In this light, the article noted that
‘the efforts being exerted to spread
‘and strengthen peasants. producers’
‘co-operatives in rural Ethiopia creates
conducive conditions for the introduc-
‘tion of modern technologies. In that
connection, Serto Ader noted that the
establihsment of peasants producers’
‘eo-peratives should not be considered
‘an end in itself and that thé improve-
ment of the means of production
‘should be given due attention. This,

ithe article stressed, has a significant
bearing in maximizing the produeti-

"Views, Comments, Opinions]

vity of the peasantry ‘and guarantees
ithe attainment of cur ultimate objec-
‘tives, :

The article further stated that the
question of introducing better agri-
cultural implements should not be
mistaken for the use of only sophisti-
cated agricultural machinery such as
aractors and combine harvesters. It,
should be borne in mind that the con-
cept must embrace ‘a host of processes
‘including an understanding of syste-
‘matic rural development, an investi-
gation into the weaknesses of tradi-,
ional farm tools and ‘their subsequ-
‘ent improvement, the use of better
\seeds, timely cultivation and harvest,
ithe paper stressed.

‘The article went on to note that the
speasaniry should aequire the necessary
political consciousness and the know-
‘edge of internal self-administration.
“Besides, the paper noted the peasant
cmasses should be aware of the signi-
-ficance of ‘such infrastructural faci-
“ities as electricity, pipe water and
roads, In genrral, the peasantry should

‘further develop its creative abilitiey

ETHIOPIA



As a result, six provinces have these specialized vehicles, namely Maputo,
Inhambane, Manica, Nampula, Gaza and Cabo Delgado. The last two provinces
received the initial donation.

Besides these vehicles, the WLF donated other articles to the National Com-
munity Settlements Commission, including sewing machines and manual machines
to make underclothing. This gift will go to cooperatives producing under-
clothes and clothing in some community centers in the country.

Other articles, such as blankets, farm equipment and foodstuffs, have also
been sent by the WOLF to the most needy people in some community centers in
Mozambique.

Just a short time ago, this religious organization presented the National
Community Settlements Commission with 43 diesel mills which were distributed
to provincial villages in the country.

9805
CSO: 4742/322

25



ROLE OF CHIEFS OUTLINED BY CHIKOWORE

Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 13 Jun 82 p 1

[Text] {GHIHES are not a politi:

cso:

feal arm of Government
‘and should not be used as
fastruments of oppression,

e Minister of Local
Government and Town
Planning, Mr Enos Chiko-
‘wore, said in Gutu yes-
terday.

Installing 78-year-old Mr
Dzingayi Musarurwa into
the Gutu  chieftainship
after the last Chief Gutu
died three years ago, Mr

Ghikowore ‘said the ‘sys-
ftem of using chiefs as
instruments of oppression
‘had been practised by
“previous regimes”.

“Our Government has
corrected, the “past and
would like to see our
‘chiefs acting as the link
between the people and
their ancestors, preserving
the important cultural
activities of their people,”
he said. 7

Mr Chikowore said a
chief should conduct him-
self with dignity and be-
have in a way which
would win the respect of
all those who came in con-
tact with him,

“He cannot do this with-
lout the support of his
people and I call upon all
of you to help your chief
in the difficult task which
lies ahead of him,” he told
the residents of Gutu.

The Gutu chieftainship
had been in the hands of
the Chawurura family 11
times since the arrival of

4700/1447

ithe white man and until
the advent of. majority
During “this period two

0 is period two
subordinate chiefs, now
living as neighbours’. of
Gutu, had taken the
throne. .
“The “installation of the
inew Chief Gutu marked
‘a new era in the succes-
sion to the Gutu chief-
tainship, he added.

Mr_ Chikowore — men~
tioned the establishment of
development projects —
one of them the recently
opened Mupandawana
growth points — in’ the
Gutu district, He said it
was. the new chief's re-
sponsibility, with the help
of district. councillors, to
see ‘that these projects
were improved by the
people in the district.

‘Addressing the same
meeting, the Deputy
Minister of Roads and
Road Traffic, Dr Nelson
Mawema, said the new
chief would set an exam-
ple to the people of Gutu.

“The successes of fai-
lures of the le will
be seen through you,
Chief Gutu,” he told the
new chief.

Dr Mawema said chiefs
did the wills of the people
they served. They gave
jdeas to the Government
about what the le
wanted. poor

oh

ZIMBABWE


CONTRACTORS ACCUSE MINES OF UNFAIR PLAY

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 14 Jun 82 p 1

[Text]

cso:

[THE Zambia Consolidated Copper

es has been

accused of harassing and discriminating against
:, ‘Zambian contrators in awarding contracts.

Minister of State for Labour

‘ and Social Services Mr
Cosmas Masongo said —in ue
speech
members ba the Zambia

{ Building and General
Contractors Association for
which he is national chair-
man at Buchi hall on
Saturday — that there was
open segregation by mine
management in awarding
contracts between expat-
riate and Zambian contra-

ctors.

He said mine managements
give contracts only to
expatriate-owned firms
employing Zambian fronts.

“I will make thorough investi-
gations into these matters
and tell you the outcome.”

-discrimantion —_was
rampant i in Kitwe and Mufu-

ih Kitwe mine management

gave expatriate contractors
permanet contracts while in
Mufulira, if a Zambian
contractor was lucky enough
to get an offer, he was not
allowed to tender for

;. another contract.

“Such rules applied to Zambian

contractors while their
‘expatriate counterparts
tender for other iobs.

4700/1448

Mr Masongo said he had
received reports that some
mine officials visited con-
tractors at work sites to
get "loans" or kick-backs
to ensure future contracts.

Companies that stole mine
property were normally de-
leted from registers but of
late these have reappeared
on the registers," Mr Ma-
songo charged.

He said he had reports of
some expatriate contractors
who got money from Zambia
and sent it out to "their
masters" who had worked for
the mines in the country
but left them the contract-

ing companies.

‘Mr Masongo blamed sonie of

{the Zambian contractors fo:
shoddy jobs. ‘‘This is not
acceptable and my commit-
tee cannot shield you on

t this.””

Kitwe Governor Mr Raphael

‘ Mwale standing in for Mr

« Masongo appealed to com-
mercial banks to change
their attitude towards Zam-
bjan contractors who appro-
ached them for financial
help.

87

ZAMBIA

He’ agreed with complaints
taised by the association
that banks were segreting
against them even when
they had ample security for
loans.

“I cannot understand — why
banks ‘want to be difficult
even when a contractor can
prove he had a sizeable con-
tract and that money for it
would soon be paid to him.

‘They ask for so. many securi-

‘ties from Zambians but
don’t do so to expatriates.

.. Something will have to be

{_ done,’’ Mr Mwale said.

‘He told the contractors the
Party and its Government
had enough reason to com-
plain about some of the con-
tractors who had been un-
able to complete certain pro-
jects.



iby way of doing away with retrograde
ultural values and thereby acquiring
‘the new socialist culture, the, article
concluded.

- Threat of War
The Amharic daily, Addis Zemen,
lin one of its editorials wrote about

ithe struggle for world ‘peace and sta-

bility. The paper noted the current
jarms race anistigated by world imperi-
falism and its impact on imperialist
imilitary ‘interventions and economic
ipressures on others, On the other
jhand, Zemen underlined the efforts
‘being made by progressive and peage-
doving forces to reduce the threat of
: war. and thereby eusure peace and
ability. The firm stand of peace for-
has prevented the forces of imperi-
lism and reaction from putting the

observed.

i. In_ this regard, the paper under-
‘lined the activities of the
[Aligned Movement, which is based
fon an anti-imperialist, anti-colonialist
jand anti-racist stand and aims at
(guaranteeing peace, freedom and so-
sial progress. The paper pointed out

Non-

aligned states with a view to realizing
“the objectives of the movement. It
istressed the part played by the Ethio-
pian Revolution as an integral part
‘of the world ‘progressive movement.
:This, Zemen noted, is the reason why
world imperialism and its lackeys re-
‘peatedly, pose obstacles to the pro-
press of our popular revolution,

Divisive Efforts
The paper underlined the divisive

‘world under their control, the daily »

‘the efforts being exerted by the non- |,

schemes ‘of world imprialism with a
view to weakning the unity and
strength of the Non-Aligned Move-
ment, and noted that some member
countries have easily submitted to im-
perialist machinations to thereby
serve the latter’s sinister ends. In that
connection, the paper cited the ex-
pansionist policy of the Mogadisho
ruling clique,

‘The Amharic daily further stated
that although the activities of some
non-aligned’ members like Somalia
and its likes have left a black scar on
the history of the Movement, the
non-aligned states have contributed
much towards the reigning of peace
and stability, the building of a new
world economic order and the stren-
gthening of unity of member states. ,

Zemen referred to the example of
the ‘Tripartite Treaty of Friendship

‘and Co-operation ‘betweeri Socialist

Ethiopia, the PDRY and the Libyan
Arab Jamahiriya with ‘a view to fru-
strating imperialist machinations. ‘The
strengthening of the anti-imperialist
struggle of the three fraternal coun-
tries in accordance with.the principles
of the Non-Aligned Movement has a
significant role to play in further
strengthening the unity of world peace
foreés, the paper concluded.

An. article featured by the same
daily highlighted “the efforts being
exerted towards realizing an equatable
distribution of commodities among
the consuming public. The article
underlined the objectives of the’ on-
going nationwide Economic and’ Cul-
tural Development Campaign and not-
ed that the maximization of produc:

‘tion by itself is not enough unless a



OLYMPIC COMMITTEE APPOINTMENTS ANNOUNCED

Harare THE HERALD in English 14 Jun 82 p 1

[Text] (‘THE Zimbabwe Olympic: “Olympic” committee élec-
ted

CSO:

‘Committee has been re-{
structured with the help
of Mr Alexandru Siperco,
the Romanian vice-presi-
ident: of the International
Olympic Committee.

After three days of
meetings with the Zim-
babwe Olympic Commit-
tee, the Ministry of Youth,
Sport arid Recreation and
the National Sports Coun-
cil of Zimbabwe, Mr Si-
perco announced the new
committee at a Press con-
ference in Harare on Sat-
vurday.

The ZOC is headed by
‘Mr Tommy Sithole, edi-
tor of the Chronicle. For-
jmer president Mr Frank
‘Lincoln is now first vice-
jpresident and Dr Blijah
‘Chanaltira second vice-
| president. a

Dr Job’ Whabira is th
new secretary-general
jwhile the members are:
‘Mr Killian Bukutu, Mr
Moosa Ismail, Mr Edgar
Rogers, Dr A. Sibanda and
jMr D.' Hardman, -

' Mr Erte Barbour re-
‘tains his position as
| treasurer, 7

| Dr Chanakira is a
[methber of the Sports
Council and Dr Whabira
is a civil servant. Mr
_Bukutu is director of
fsport in the Ministry of
Youth, Sport and” Re-
creation.

Mr Hardman was
secretary-general of the

4700/1447

in 1981, while Mr

Ismail is a hockey ad-
ministrator, Mr Rogers
is secretary-general of
the Basketball: Union of
Zimbabwe.
Mr’ Siperco was _ de-
‘legated to visit Zim-
‘babwe by the president of
the IOC, Mr Juan An-
tonio Samaranch, after
ithe Zimbabwe Olympic
‘Committee and = Zim-
babwe sports’ authorities
had asked the iOC ‘for
advice about restructur-
ing the ZOC.

- This followed the re-
structuring of the ZOC
by the Ministry of Youth,
Sport and Recreation in
May, when an 18-member
committee was announced.

The only members of
that committee to retain
“their -places are Mr Sit-
hole, “Dr Whabira, Mr
“Bukutu, Mr Ismail, Mr
‘Lincoln, Mr Hardman
and Mr Barbour.

The new committee is
now acceptable. to the
IOC ‘and the Government.

93

ZIMBABWE



[ID Oe
43°. BNO sha DG Lf
HSmONS s,L! N

98



100 Mirages ordered from France and paid
for were not sent to Israel .... South Africa
also had Mirages and spare parts, and Dayan
wondered whether he could get spares
from South Africa.

“T told him I felt confident he would
get cooperation but it would be advisable
for Mr. Tekoah at the United Nations ‘not
to bark against South Africa louder than
the rest of the pack, and that his own
advice on Russian equipment might be
useful to the South African army. I need
hardly tell you that both sides kept to this
bargain.”

In addition to the provision of Mirages and
spares, racist South Africans served with the
Israeli forces. Doctors flew to the country
and blood was loaned by the South African
blood transfusion service. In the all-white
parliament, the government and opposition
alike expressed their support and concern
for Israel Controls on the transfer of money
were relaxed and all individual donations
were freely transfered. The South African
Zionist Federation launched a fund which
collected, over two and a half million rands.
In all over 21 million rands were transfered
to Israel.

During the 1973 war, P.W. Botha was
the racist Minister of Defence, and promised
that South Africa would find ways of
helping Israel “within our means and with-
out declaring war ... There is a deep feeling
on ‘the ‘part of thousands of South Africans
for Israel, in her battle against the forces
supported by communistic militarism which
also poses a threat to us.”

Ninety-one doctors again flew to Israel,
1500 South Africans served in the Israeli
forces and 800 were among the troops
that crossed the Suez Canal. At least one
South African mirage was shot down, and
there were reports of a number of other
South African planes being flown in the
war. The regulations on exchange control
were again raised and over $30 million
was remitted to Israel. After the war,
thousands of South Africans went to Israel
and worked on Kibbutz replacing Israelis
who remained in the army of occupation.

A Canadian investigation in’ November
last year revealed that South Africa shipped
200 tanks to Israel by air to replace those
Israel lost. This followed a promise by the

United States that it would help Israel
replace these tanks after the war.

In its turn Israel has become the source
of weapons and military technology for the
apartheld regime. Pretoria’s entire armoured
corps of Centurion tanks and Panhard
armoured cars has been equipped with an
Israeli developed armoured plate able to
resist anti-tank weapons. Gun boats and
fighter jets have been supplied, as well as
105mm self propelled howitzers anti-tank
missiles for infantry use, and air to air
missiles. The Reshef class warships have
been fitted with an advanced model of the
Gabriel surface to surface missile 76mm
guns, anti-submarine torpedoes, submarine
detection systems and electronic equipment
for leading attacking missiles astray. The
crews were trained at Israeli naval bases.

Racist South Africa has financed the
new generation of Israeli ships and racist
South African enigineers and technicians
were trained at the Haifa shipyards. Israeli
technology has been used to fortify South
African helicopter squadrons with electronic '
equipment including night visibility and
Israeli engineers have aided in developing
an eletronic surveillance system along South
African borders.

Israeli techniques of “counter
insurgency” and pre-emptive strikes, and
evacuation and treatment of front line
casualties are among those used by the
SADF. Israeli-South African military
‘exchanges include visits and talks involving
Yigal Allon, Moshe Dayan, the Chief of
Staff of the Israeli Air Force Gen. Mordechai
Hod the Commander of the Womens
Corp Col. Otella Levy, Brig. Dan Lanar,
Gen. Haim Bar Lev, Lieut. Col. Smeulik
Moyal, Maj. Gen. Alaron Yariv, Lt. Gen.
Mordechai Gur and General Chaim Herzog. '
Israel’s Defence Minister Ezer Weizmann
made a secret visit to South Africa in March
1980, on the personal instruction of Prime
Minister Begin “to discuss security matters”.

There have been many reports of Israeli
participation in South ~ Africa’s acts of
aggression in southem Africa, In June’
1980 the Daily Telegraph (UK) reported on
the presence of “volunteers” from Britain,
Israel and Chile in Namibia, Further
confirmation was provided when in
December 1981 the Israeli Defence Minister
again visited South Africa. He openly
visited apartheid forces illegally occupying

61


SOUTH AFRICA

SAAF CONFIRMS PIK BOTHA'S RANK OF HONORARY COLONEL

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 21 Jun 82 pp 1, 6

[Text] THE South African Air’

jForce — after initially
denying it last week —
confirmed at the week-
end that the Minister of
Foreign Affairs, Mr Pik
Botha, was in fact an
honorary colonel in the
SAAF. ~

The SAAF denial last
week created confusion
‘because Mr Botha had
appeared in military
uniform with the rank
insignia of a colonel at
a Press conference at
Oshivello in South West
Africa last Wednesday.

At the Press confer-
ence it was said Mr Bo-
tha was entitled to
wear the rank, as he
‘was an honorary colo-
‘nel in the SAAF.

The confusion was
ended when Brigadier
Kobus Bosman, head of
the SADF directorate
jof public relations, on
‘his return from the op-
erational area’ on
Saturday categorically
stated that Mr Botha
was an honorary colo-

‘nel.
; He told a Sunday
newspaper: “He was
made an honorary colo-
:mel’as a gesture of hon-
our by Lieutenant-Gen-
eral: Mike Muller”
(chief of the air force).
When asked by The
Citizen yesterday
whether only a-unit
may appoint an honor-
ary colonel he said this
was the case and the
°general had merely in-
formed Mr Botha about
dt. He thought the unit

— and was given a

twas 3 Squadron. This’
4was later confirmed by
SAAF spokesman.

Startedar «°:~

} But neither Brig Bos-
‘man nor the SAAF
spokesman could say
‘when’ negotiations for
‘Mr Botha’s appoint-
ment had started. Brig
‘Bosman said: “You
‘must ask the air force
*that,” while the SAAF
‘spokesman, said he
‘could not comment yes-
vterday on the adminis-
trative side of the ap-
pointment.

Brig Bosman further
confirmed that it was
normal procedure for a
unit to apply to the
chief of the air force for
‘the appointment of an
honorary colonel. The
chief of the Defence
Force then applied to
the Minister of Defence
for the appointment.

He ‘also confirmed
“that units normally ap-
proached the person in-
tended for the position
before applying. In the
case of Mr Botha it had
been “kept as a sur-
prise”.

Checked
The SAAF spokes-

The’ Citizen “yesterday
mn yest a
the decision to appoint!
Mr Botha had been
made: om ‘Monday but’
H had apparently ° been;
withheld “to keep it as
fa surprise”. ~

{ He algg.said he had
‘inquiredTMatTM the ‘two
- chiefs of staff on the ac-
tual appointments of
*honorary colonels ana
“not on application for
appointments of honor-
ary colonels. Therefore,
the could not give any
‘details on the actual ap-
*plication for Mr Botha
“to be appointed honor-
ary colonel.

,It had “been on the
cards for quite a few
years” that 3 Squadron
would get an honorary
colonel. This squadron
and’ No 1 had: asked
‘some years ago for
honorary colonels to be
appointed. : +

* Upset

. _ Furthermore, he said,
the chief of the air
force was extremely up-
set that he (the spokes-
man) had not been in-
formed last week of Mr
Botha’s appointment.

Brig Bosman also
‘said: “The only reason
why no one at SAAF
headquarters knew
about the appointment
was because it had not
been ‘sent through to
them yet.”

67

;@ 3 Squadron is based
fat Waterkloof Air
Force Base in Pretoria.
It was ascertained

an SADF

source that honorary
colonels were allowed
to wear their military
uniform only on visits
,to their units and for

ceremonial parades...



DETAILS OF PNDC'S ENERGY POLICY SET FORTH

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3384, 14 Jun 82 pp 1570, 1571

[Text]

Having touched briefly on the public.

transport sector, I returned to Mr. Appiah
Korang and the PNDC’s crude oil policy.
He said crude oil imports take up 40 per
cent of Ghana export earnings, and when
the PNDC came in, Ghana owed Nigeria
$150m. for crude oil delivered but not paid
for. He said PNDC policy was to try and
isolate the wider economic burden of crude
imports and to obtain long-term credits for
these imports. This would enable scarce
foreign exchange to be diverted to other
productive sectors of the economy, to
ensure quick rehabilitation of the economy
so that when oil bills became due in the
medium or long-term, Ghana would be ina
better position to pay. .

Libya had therefore been contacted to
explore the possibility of oil supplies on
long-term credit basis. There had been an
initial grant of 500,000 barrels. An agree-
ment had then been concluded for the
short-term. This involved the supply by
Libya in Libyan tankers of six equal lots of
60,000 tonnes of Zueitina light crude over a
six-month period. This total of 360,000
tonnes was equivalent to about 15,000
barrels a day when Ghana’s normal re-
quirement is some 27,000 barrels a day.
Payment would fall due one year after each
delivery with no interest added on, and at
the face value at the time of delivery (the

end of May OPEC price for this light crude
was $35.40 a barrel). The concluding part
of the agreement was that Libya would buy
back the residual oil “at a rate mutually
agreed”. There had been rumours that the
Libyan oil was “unrefinable” unless some
Nigerian crude was added. To this Mr.
Appiah Korang merely observed that, that
when the Tema refinery was commissioned
in 1963, it was Libyan crude oil that was

used. On the whole “Libyan question”. the
Secretary for Fuel and Power calmly
observed that the PNDC was merely ex-
ploring all available options for short-
medium and long term supplies, as well as
development of Ghana’s refining capacity,
and by-product utilisation — it has been
estimated that Ghana has been using only
80 per cent of the constituent elements of
crude oil, that is, just the petroleum and
gas-oil and kerosene, before selling the
very rich residue, often by dubious proce-
dures, it is alleged.

Reducing the
oil burden

The Secretary noted that the 1979 Com-
mittee on Energy Resources was set up to
review optimal fuel use. It recommended
that in order to minimise the impact of
crude oil imports on the economy and to
promote conservation, the level of imports
should be reduced from 1.25m. to im.
tonnes a year. The refinery had been
operating at its maximum capacity of
1.25m. tonnes a year. It has continued at
that level with the aim of building up
reserves especially for when the plant has
to undergo maintenance and repairs. Its
capacity will have to be increased to cope
with the increased demand later this de-
cade and in the next. Two factors would
however remain paramount: proper justi-
fication for increased imports, and the
ability to pay for the increases.

The PNDC would also look critically at
berthing facilities at Tema which could at
present handle only relatively small ves-,
sels. The international trend had been
towards ever larger vessels which reduced
shipping costs per tonne. It was therefore

12

GHANA



ZIMBABWE

TRADITIONALISTS ALARMED AT INCREASED DIVORCE, NEW ROORA BILL

Harara THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 13 Jun 82 pp 4, 8

[Text] “Ty six months village

courts in Pfura Dis
trict Council — area
Mount Darwin, have
granted about 120
divorces ——  unprece-
dented figure causing
alarm among concern-
ed elders’ and com-
munity officials.

The  Pfura
Council
each with its own village
court. .

And while the presiding
officers’ and councillors
have conflicting views on
the eauses, they agree
that the rate at which
marriages - are falling
apart calls for the atten-
tion of social studies ex-
perts and/or even political
intervention.

Im fact, any measure to
halt the avalanche of
broken marriages
threatening to destroy the
fabric ef society in the
district would be wel-
comed. .

‘Local councillors’ hold
the view that presidin;
officers are acting again:
the grain of tradition and
hastily scattering and dis-
mantling marriages left,
right and centre.

Traditional courts, they
argue, grant divorces only
in very special and ex-
tremely rare cases which
‘occur ‘iiterally “once in a

ue moon”. :

OPPRESSIVE —

But ‘Mount Darwin's
Community Court presi-
‘ding officer, Mr Benson

» defended
village court overseers,
and accused men of
brutal, oppressive prac-
tices which neither tradi-
tion nor African custo-
mary law justified or
condoned.

He ctted the case of a
woman who sued for
@ivorce straight from a
‘hospital bed where she
‘wag treated for cuts from
‘her hu ‘a axe.

‘The woman, married to
the man for 10 years, was
childless. Because of this,
the husband had bought
ther only three dresses
| during: thete marriage. He
<hBd,-‘over the years, also
jébtained anottier wife by
whom he had children.

Neglected ‘and aban-
|doned, the childless
[woman had accepted as-
(‘sistance from her family.
’ ‘When her husband saw

evidence ~
sistance, he accused her of
unfaithfulness and of get-
ting things from lovers.
argument, the
man became ‘iotent,
wielded an axe and at-
tacked her, inflicting in-
juries for which she
received hospital treat-
ment. oo
“Despite this, and true
to African tradition as
ome would ‘say, the
woman's

the husband,” Mr
zinga said.

95

“But in my view, the
| woman’s life was at stake
and in-danger. Obviously,
forcing the two to remain
together would only end
up in one or the other of
them dead.

FREEDOM

“I considered the neg-
lect, the abandonment and
the axe attack. To all in«
tents and purposes,
human life is far more ime

rtant than a million

tions. . :

“So I said ‘to hell with
tradition’. and-granted the
‘woman her freedom.”

Mr Kadzinga also told
of a disastrous war-time
marriage between a young
gr and a boy aged only

The boy stayed only two
months with the girl be-
fore crossing the border
to join the liberation
struggle.

However, back at home
the boy’s father would not
let the girl go. Instead, he
told the — boy’s. elder
brother to take over the
young girl as wife.

The young - guerilla
teturned at the end of the
war in 1980 and wanted
hig wife back. So the
father ordered the girl to
lawitch to her original hus-
iband in the absence of the
elder brother who was at
‘work ii Bulawayo. ~
_ But when the former

-guerilla went to work in

his elder brother
returned from Bulawayo
and demanded the girl
back as his wife. Again



GHANA

GHANA, LIBYA ARE BROTHERS IN-ARMS, ASSERTS AKATA-PORE
Accra GHANATAN TIMES in English 7 Jun 82 pp 1, 3
[Article by Geoffrey Barber]

[Text] A member of the PNDC, Sergeant Alolga Akata-Pore, has said that Ghana and
Libya are two brother-nations fighting side by side in the African liberation
struggle.

It is only the opposers of the Revolution who have misconstrued the relationship
between the two countries to be something different.

Sergeant Akata-Pore said this when he opened a two-week art exhibition mounted by
five artists of the Pan-African Revolutionary Solidarity and the Libyan People's
Bureau at the Arts Centre in Accra at the week-end.

The exhibition was also to mark the third anniversary of the June 4 Uprising. It
will be moved to the University of Ghana, Legon, and then to the regions.

The PNDC member said if Ghana could align herslef with far away countries, then
there was nothing wrong with Ghana aligning herself with Libya "which is on the Af-
rican continent, a member of the Organization of African Unity and the Non-Aligned
Movement.

"Our relationship with Libya is only fair and proper", he declared

On the various agreements negotiated between Ghana and Libya recently, the PNDC
member regretted the way a Ghanaian weekly criticized the whole issue without giving
any concrete suggestions.

He, therefore, advised the Ghanaian press not to hide behind the guise of press
freedom and misinform the public because it would do nobody any good.

Mr Abdallah Boujeldian, Secretary of the Libyan People's Bureau, said the December
31. Revolution had come to crown the success of the June 4 Uprising.

He’ observed that it was for the total emancipation of the African people that great
sons of the continent such as the late Dr Kwame Nkrumah, Abdel Nasser, Amilcar Ca-
bral and living ones such as Flt-Lt Jerry Rawlings and Muammer Gaddafi, had laid
down their lives.

17



SOME LEBANESE, SYRIANS, INDIANS SCORED AS
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 29 May 82 p 3

{Editorial in the column "DAILY TIMES Opin:

[Text] e IGERIA;like. most nations, respects

the international law which makes it

" possible for aliens to enter and stay

within their borders, but ‘then, it

expects all those who enjoy the pri

© lege to have a considerable appre

tion of their rights and obligations.

Apart from being law-abiding, they are:

+ also expected to identify themselves
- with the aspirations of their hosts.

Unfortunately, some Asians in this coun-
try, especially the Lebanese, Syrians
and. Indians, seem to be solely invol-
ved in businesses which are obviously
inimical to the fundamental economic
interest of Nigerians.

‘They are known to be the brains behind
some of the big-time smuggling which
contributed immensely to the deple-
tion of the nation’s foreign exchange.

‘Moreover, they are seriously involved in

other nefarious activities such as cur-

; rency counterfeiting, illegal trafficking
of currency and import licence racket-
ing.

There have even been cases when these
Asian master swindlers pased as con-
tractors only to abscond after collecting
mobilisation fees. -

‘Generally, the Asians, espécially in East
. African countries, have been somehow
. infamous because of their.unorthodox.
methods of amassing wealth. That was
why the Ugandans and other well-
meaning people in the world hailed the
ruthlessness with which Idi Amin wres-
: ted his country’s economy ‘from their
» control. Some West African countries,

cso: 4700/1403

NIGERIA

NOT LAW-ABIDING

2

ion": "The Asians in Our Midst"]

such as Ghana, Sierra Leone and Libe-
ria, were also forced in the past to deal
with the Asians because of the same
questionable ways of doing business.

In Nigeria, they have always been tole-
‘rated because there are actually some
of them) doing legitimate. jobs and play-
‘ing significant roles in national develop-
ment. ‘However, for-the preponderant
number, the evidence is that, in spite of

- their otherwise good integration into
the Nigerian society, they continue to
remain unpatriotic, to the extent that
those of them who have even adopted
Nigerian nationality’ appear to have
their hearts elsewhere.

Those Nigerians g and abetting the
destructive activities of these aliens
need to.be thoroughly ashamed of
themselves.

The Asian communities in Nigeria should
also call their erring members to order
for the sake of the good name of their
countries and_their friendly relations
with Nigeria.

The Federal Government, on its part
should not forever turn a blind eye to
the criminal activities of these people.
It should therefore monitor their activi-

ties effectively to facilitate the depor-

“} tation of those found working against

the national interest. The current state
of the economy dictates that action
must ‘be taken now’ to check these
wreckers of the country’s economy.

6



ADOPTION OF CUBAN IDEA TO SPEED HOUSING REPORTED

Harare THE HERALD in English 15 Jun 82 p 7

[Text] BuILDING brigades will

cso:

jbe introduced in .Zim-
‘babwe in about a month
tu speed up housing “pro-
grammes, the Deputy
Minister’ of Housing
(Urban), Mr —_ Robert.
Marere, has said.

‘Speaking . after his
recent tour to Cuba where
he and his colleague, the
Deputy Minister of Hous-
ing (Rural), Mr
Mudoment Chivende, had
been studying the housing
_policy in that country, he
said’ the new system
meant that the Govern-
‘ment provided the build-
ing materials while the
people supplied the labour.

After their. 10-day tour
of Cuba, the two deputy
:ministers have submitted
a report on the housing
system in that country to
the Minister of Housing,
Mr Simbarashe ‘Mumbeng-
egwi.

Tt is hoped the minister
‘will complete his study in
|a month, after which the
Government would start
implementing the new
system.

Mr Marere said the new
system would make it ea-
sier to fix low rents.
“House rents in Zimbabwe
are very high because the
houses are built by com-
mercial. contractors. In
Cuba, people are paying

4700/1447

about $5 for a five.
house, which is unheard of
in Zimbabwe.”

During their tour of

‘Cuba, the deputy ministers
had ‘met the country's
Minister of Housing, Mr
|Edward Graridos, "’ who
had told them that
‘through ‘the —_housing-
\brigade system, Cuba had
‘managed to build more
houses each year. :
| “According to Mr
Marere, building’ brigades
would operate mainly in
the urban areas, where
there was a great demand
for housing. But there
was also a great need for
better housing facilities
on new farms where the
Government was resett-
ling people.
i There wa's enough man-
‘power to help train
‘brigade workers. Training
iwould be done on the job,
‘although | theory would
‘also be taught. —- ZIS.

91

ZIMBABWE


"We approved the Portuguese proposal, not only because of the period of
execution (12 months) but the competence of the firm, the price and the
possibility of providing 'know-how' to the Mozambican firm," said engineer
Arez.

The Mozambican authorities have already communicated this decision to Kuwait

and are awaiting Kuwaiti approval for our government to sign the contract for
the project, the cost of which is estimated at 120,000 contos.

6362
cso: 4742/329

29



in Ghana’s interest to take whatever mea-
sures that would reduce costs and eventual-
ly the price of petroleum products on the
market. Similarly, the acquisition by Gha-
na of its own oil tanker(s) was a long-term

objective. :
Mr. Appiah Korang refused to be drawn!
on Ghana’s own oil potential — certain

figures suggest that Ghana may have the
highest potential of any African country
not yet producing commercially. On the
whole question of oil exploration on and
off Ghana’s coast, the Secretary said four’
areas were under concession to four com-
panies: Phillips Petroleum offshore near’
the Ivory Coast, Arraca Co. off the Axim
area, Agripetco off the Saltpond area, and
Texas Pacific in the Keta Basin. He
pointed out that all the blocks east of the

Arraca block off Axim all the way to the
Keta Basin were unoccupied. He politely
declined to comment on old stories of oil
and vast quantities of gas onshore, and on
the plans for developing the low-pressure
gas industry. He stated however, that a
new model agreement was being prepared
which would serve as a basis for any new
agreements that would be signed. The
whole procedure of oil business in Ghana
was being reviewed, and when this was.
finalised, the government would then be
able to “‘say something we can stand by”.
One eventual result would be a national oil
company (as planned by the PNP) which
he saw as a necessity for Ghana’s progress
in this sector.

On other energy sources, he gave the
assurance that the Volta River Authority
was pursuing its programme for the de-
velopment of hydroelectric resources to
meet Ghana’s energy requirements. This
was in response to a question about VAL-
CO, the state of preparation towards re-
negotiations of its power and water rates. I
did learn elsewhere that there was no
agreement for VALCO to consume a
steady 64 or so per cent of the total
hydroelectricity production in Ghana. This
‘means that when Kpong comes on stream
(officially) and, hopefully, Bui, the VAL-
CO percentage will be reduced. On the
agreement to sell electricity to Ivory Coast
with a buy-back clause. Mr. Appiah
Korang explained that the inter-tie idea
was to allow each country to benefit from
each other in case of over-production — it’
is not easy to store electricity once gener-
ated.

cso: 4700/1443

He pointed out that 75 per cent of
Ghana gross national product camé from
agricultural and tertiary sector activities,
and these depended mostly on renewable
energy resource. Hydro-electric power
accounted for some 95 per cent of electric-
ity generated, but that the critical role of
charcoal and firewood should not be for-
gotten. The Secretary expressed concern
that renewable energy resources should be
fully exploited, and observed that at’
present the price of charcoal was very high.

He would want to work with the Ministry
of Lands and Natural Resources for more
efficient charcoal production, and in order
it the priority it deserved since it
e main source of fuel energy in rural
‘eas. It is said that only four per cent of
the rural population have access to the
national electricity grid.

Potential of
mini-hydro power

He pointed to the great potential of
mini-hydro power and said construction of
the first project had begun at Likpe Kukur-
antumi in the Volta Region. The local’
community had raised €50,000 and was
providing communal labour and local
materials for the construction, which
would cut the cost by nearly half. The
value of mini-hydro power lay in how it
would serve areas of Ghana not touched by
the national grid, and this in the next ten

ears.

The University of Science and Technolo-
gy had developed solar power for the
purposes of drying agricultural produce,
and some machines were in experimental
use. The problem was that UST was not a
commercial institution. Its research had to
be taken to the next stage by entre-
preneurs. The Secretary said an Energy
Commission would be set up as an advisory
body on energy matters, with one section
specifically dealings with encouraging
businessmen to get involved with solar
energy.

~~

13



SENEGAL

BRIEFS

DONOR'S MEETING ON FORESTS--The Club de Sahel joined members of the international
donor community participating in a meeting organised by the Government of Senegal
from 2 to 5 June, to review its Forestry Plan. Prepared with assistance from the
Government of France the Senegalese Forestry Plan maps out a long term programme for
improving the ecological balance in Senegal. It notably provides for: strengthen-
ing natural forest management, increasing forestry productivity, restoring degraded
zones, encouraging local and individual reforestration activities, fighting deserti-
fication, economising on wood consumption and assuring national supply of fire wood
and wood products, strengthening extension and management structures involved in
the forestry sectors. Donors from OECD countries, multilateral institutions and
OPEC/Arab financial institutions attended the meeting. Projected investments under
the Sixth Senegalese Development Plan (1981-1985) for forestry activities amount

to about $50m. covering 25 projects. Financing for some of the projects has al-
ready been acquired and at the meeting future financing needs as well as issues
concerning the forestry sector itself were discussed. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA
in English No 3384, 14 Jun 82 p 1615]

SAUDI LOAN--Saudi Arabia is to lend Senegal 50,000m. CFA francs. The money will be
used for transport infrastructure development, water wells, rural projects and
housing. The loan is repayable over 20 years, with a five year grace period, at

an interest rate of three per cent per annum. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English
No 3384, 14 Jun 82 p 1615]

PEANUT PURCHASES--687,000 tonnes of groundnuts were bought by official buying agen-
cies up to the close of the buying season last month. This was about 20 per cent
less than expected, and groundnut oil factories will be operating this year at 74
per cent of capacity. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English No 3384, 14 Jun 82

p 1615]

cso: 4700/1445

57


Traditionalists ‘Alarmed at Increased Divorce, New

Roora Bill .
(THE SUNDAY MATL, 13 Jun 82) secceccsecscsccececcees 95
Briefs
No Lobola Change 101
Minerals Sales Board 101



ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

UNZA LECTURERS' BOYCOTT--The countdown to the planned boycott of lecturers by Uni~
versity of Zambia lecturers over pay demands is now on unless the Government

makes a statement before Thursday when UNZA dons will hold a meeting to map out a
strategy to carry out their threat. Unza lecturers have threatened to boycott
classes when the university reopens on June 21. With only eight days to go there
has been no indication from Cabinet Office and the Nyirenda commission which is
considering the issue whether the lecturers’ demands will be met. . Yesterday mem-
bers of the University of Zambia Senior Staff Association executive indicated to
the SUNDAY TIMES they would definitely stage the walkout unless a Government state-
ment is issued before Thursday which would indicate whether their demands had been
met. Lecturers would not be intimidated against carrying out their threat.
Chairman of the University of Zambia council Mr John Mwanakatwe said there had not
been any communication to him from neither the Nyirenda commission nor the univer-
sity central administration on the lecturers’ demands. He said this included Cabi-
net Office which the lecturers blamed for the situation. [Text] [Lusaka TIMES OF
ZAMBIA in English 13 Jun 82 p 1]

NO PARTY COMMITTEES--Nchanga Division of the Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines

(ZCCM) has no Party committees at places of work. This startling revelation was made
in Chingola yesterday by Minister of State for Labour and Social Services Mr Cosmas
Masongo when he addressed labour leaders in Nchanga Mine Club. Mr Masongo, who is
chairman of the Zambianisation Committee regretted that the division had works
councils only. Divisional manager for administration Mr Jonathan Kenani exenorated
the management from the anomaly saying it was the responsibility of UNIP to form
Party committees and not ZCCM. Mr Masongo instructed district governor Mr Denny
Kapandula to investigate the case and form committees soon. His ministry did not
want committees which were there in name only and whose officials appeared when
President Kaunda and Party Secretary-General Mulemba visited the district. Mr Ma-
songo urged the labour movement to create employment in rural areas by establishing
small-scale industries there. "The labour movement should not only be along the
line of rail because this situation has made it unknown in rural areas." He appealed
for constructive criticism because trade unionists were "sons and daughters" of

UNIP and should feel free to consult his ministry to harmonise their relations be-
cause both were related.--Zana. [Text] [Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 16 Jun

82 p 5]

YOUTH SKILLS TRAINING--The poor economic situation Zambia is facing has made it
difficult for the Party and its Government to establish district youth skills centres

89



MOZAMBIQUE

TALKS WITH PORTUGUESE ON WATERWAYS. COOPERATION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 9 Jun 82 p 10

[Text] Discussions began yesterday in Maputo between
delegations of the Hydrographic Institute of Portugal and
the [Mozambican] National Directorate of Maritime and River
Transport, to consider cooperation in hydrography and
surveying.

The Portuguese delegation, which arrived Monday, is led by Vice Adm Edgar
Portugal Ribeiro and includes two other high officials of the Hydrographic
Institute of Portugal.

The principal topic under consideration in the current discussions is
cooperation between the two countries, particularly with regard to the
training of personnel for the hydrographic and survey sectors.

In a short speech at the beginning of the discussions, Adamo Valy, national
director of maritime and river transport, said the meeting was highly
important in creating the conditions to implement the agreements already
signed.

"With the Portuguese president's recent visit to our country, new prospects
were opened to expand relations without preconceptions or contention of any
kind," the official explained. He added that it was necessary and important
to clarify those relations and how to translate them into specific actions.

"Bearing in mind that the national fishing industry is expanding gradually
and that some of our ports are a link with the world, it is urgent to update
and modernize our navigation system. It is in this context that we hope for
results from this meeting that will make a contribution, particularly with
respect to cadre training and technical assistance," Valy said.

For his part, Admiral Ribeiro stressed that the purpose of his delegation's

visit to our country was to find the most effective forms of cooperation.
He added: "We hope the objectives of these discussions will be achieved."

6362
csO: 4742/329

3h.



“the father agreed and told,
the girl to be the wife to

ithe elder trother. -
Hearing about it, ‘the

former guerilla ily

rushed home determined

to settle the matter once
and for all. He threatened
to kill everyone concerned,
his elder brother, the girl
and his father.

TUG-OF-WAR

Her nerves shattered by,
the constant -of-war,
‘the girl sued for divorce. -

In the complexity of the
situation, she was even
-eonfused as to whom she
was divorcing. Finally she
said she was divorcing all
three, the father who was
throwing her between two
husbands, and the two
boys.

“I want to know how
even a traditional court
would have handled this
one,” Mr Kadzinga said.

“For my part, all I

Faisaster tor

Gotild see Was

@ii coficefned if such a
fituation was allowed to
éontinue, It was fraught
With danger and violence,

‘and no good could be ex-
pect ‘of it. The ob-

abandonment, torture
prutality were « perfectly
genuine, he said:

Most © divorces were
‘caused by men who spent
all their money on other
‘women and beer at the ex-

nse of the welfare of
Rar own families.

" He agreed that tradi-
tonel courts, customary
law and parents always
persuaded @ woman to
Htay as long as the hus-
pand said he wanted her,

TORTURE

“But while saying he
wanted his wife to stay,
‘the man would then go
ahead and obtain other
‘wives, at the same. time
Mi-treating, neglectiog and
torturing his first wife. It
4g a vicious circle that ts
Brute! and inhuman to
women,” he said.

“The Zimbabwe society

lig developing towards the:

realisation of full human
rights’ for women. This
fact must be rammed
down the throats of those
|men who still think they
‘ean get away with the so-
called African tradition
‘and customary law.”

Mr Agrippah Mutumbs,
‘g village court assessor at
Dotito business centre and

also ZANU_ (PF) se-
cretary for Pfura District,
bi the divorces ‘on

(the corruption that went
‘an im pfotected villages

during the war years.
“with virtually all the
men away at work in
towns, district assistants
and members of the Guard
Fotce who were in author-
ity tised their motiéy for
women and

‘séx. Many
‘girls wete cotrupted and
turned to _ prostitution.

They “belleve they are
‘better off as prostitutes.
“Parents must also bear

part of the blame, They
are perfect
contented with the

sents ang the beer
ught for them by
daughters with money ob-
tained from prostitution,
and have ‘become in-
different to marriage.”. ;
Mrs Hthel Chikweneng-
ere, a home .economics
tor, blamed
negligent husbands for
their wives

prostitution. into

“Few people realise the
stress under which wives
in rural areas live,” she
said. “They alone’ tend
-erops, cattle and all forms
of livestock as well as
children while the men are
away at work.

“The same men for
whom wives sacrifice
their lives never come
home, and spend all their
money .on other women
and beer, giving. nothing
to their fs

“Yet in ‘the event of a
divorce, the woman is

rowed for all ker Hie’

OUT OF CONTROL
“Neglected, she eventu-

Jally comes to a point

where she asks herself

both
‘melvse nd aoctety tn

iM
trict Cotmet!
| the

iwhy she should bother
Eo Me as
! her own
interests. ,

“Women do not neces-
sarily want, or
Fiches. Al they want is to
share the little that thelr
husbands have got, and to
jhe inchided in
and decision-1 for
the family.”

Former Chief Dotito,
‘Mr -Freddie Chafurama,
iagteea that the sitdation
Was getting out of cohttol.
iHe figgested that parents
iéducate their sons and
jdeughters on the fre
| of marriage and
consediterices of

On them-
gen-
“Tt is developing to «

ere

| divorce

| whe tical
\fsterventlon mignt become
ct

futumbé, the Puta Dis-
 chairmat.

representative
Fare SEN tee

iid start on a ca
isan to festore social fe
dletrict oemianrs even
rallies,

“Ag
most

salar,
Ssatigcating ‘tartlegesTM

Jubilation, Fears
Over Roora Bill

A GOVERNMENT Bill
| that will no longer make
;, Payment of roora a legal
| requirement in marriage
‘ met a mixed reaction last
week: Jubilation from
downright disapproval

ownrig
from older timbebweana
| of both sexes."

The Age of ‘Majority
Bill, due to be tabled in
}Parliament this week by
the Minister of Legal and
Parliamentary Affairs, Dr
Eddison Zvobgo, has’ al-
ready come under fire
from the ZAPU Chief
Whip, Matabeleland North
MP, Mr Sidney Malunga.

Scrapping the long-
standing African custom
would turn Zimbabwe into
a country of prostitutes,
Pete ig becom

“ ecoming very ex-
ploitative,” said’ 19-year-
old Mr Osborn Gaidzanwa

96

jot Westwood, Kam-
|Duzuma, “The system is
becoming more of <a
business venture than it
‘was initially meant to be.”

He did not see the
scrapping of roora as a
nove away from. tradition.

rc ~ SPOILT

‘Binee We are tna eon-
tantly changing worl,
we have to change with
(the times. If foere has. to
be there. then we should
not, pay money but rather
retain the old custom —
paying in cattle, the over-
\eoat (jasi) and things like
that,” he said.
| He added that
[nowadays people ~ were
jbelng spoilt by “this thing-
of money”.

“We have lieard reports
of people being
1$6 000 for mafrying
hat does that
Its unreasonable!”
said.
A Glen Norah man, who
\did not want to be named,
said .roora had to be
eradicated in order to help
‘solve the problem of the
\equality of sexes. t

He said: “That will stop
ithe man telling his wife
lhe bought her every time
\they have an argument. It
will stop him regarding
her as an asset, as his
property and will make
for consuitative decision-
jmaking.

_ FAVOURS
He did not think it
‘would adversely affect the
bond between the
families a8 the son-in-law
would continue to do small
favours for the . bride's
family which could
amount to large ‘sums of
money.
Mr

Patrick .Munyem-
weri (19) of Granborne
Park, believed strongly
that roora should not be
paid.

ghotild refuse té bé mar-
ried because they would
then be equal to men,” he
said. _

: Mr Munyemwert likened
this to a case of a man
marrying another man.



MOZAMBIQUE

THREATENING DROUGHT SITUATION, POOR AID DISTRIBUTION NOTED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 15 May 82 p 10

[Text] Yesterday afternoon, a meeting was held in Maputo to assess the re-
sults of the international community's response to the appeal made by the
leaders of the FRELIMO Party and the government of the People's Republic of
Mozambique for support for the country's drought victims. Representatives
of the diplomatic corps and international organizations accredited to
Mozambique attended.

The meeting was chaired by Aranda da Silva, the Mozambican minister of home
trade, in his capacity as vice-president of the National Coordinating Coun=
cil for the Prevention and Control of Natural Disasters.

In the presence of the diplomatic corps and international organizations ac-
credited to Mozambique, Aranda da Silva analyzed the impact of the drought
that has spread through various regions of our country, hitting Nampula Pro-
vince particularly hard.

During his comments, the home trade minister reported that the drought not
only has affected farm production in Nampula, but has also affected the ex-

port targets for cashew nuts, of which Mozambique is one of the leading world
producers.

"In the next 2 months, the people living in the drought areas in Nampula
Province are going to be facing a disastrous situation, because the aid sup-
plied by the international community has not yet reached the area, Aranda da
Silva emphasized.

Some of the farmers who have some food supplies in reserve are not going to
be able to tolerate the food shortage in the coming months.

In his statement, the Mozambican home trade minister indicated, as an ex-
ample, that another problem with similar consequences is cropping up in the
southern part of the country, mainly in Maputo and Gaza provinces, where
there is a water shortage.

Aranda da Silva added that it is important that the situation in these two
southern provinces be investigated, as was done for Nampula.

37