JPRS-SSA~-86-087
26 August 1986

ZAMBIA

COMMENTARY CONDEMNS U.S. OPPOSITION TO SANCTIONS
MB250706 Lusaka Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 24 Jul 86

[Text] Hypocrisy based on kith and kin consideration, that is the sum total
of President Ronald Reagan's so-called major policy statement on South. Africa
last Tuesday night. As expected, he came out in full support of British Prime
Minister Margaret Thatcher on the question of economic sanctions against. South
Africa. He clouded the virtues of the imposition of economic sanctions with
his usual rhetorical cry against disinvestment in South Africa.

In kid glove fashion, he merely condemned apartheid, but failed to say what
firm action his administration will take against the tyranny of state terrorism
which results from apartheid. President Reagan's 25-minute rambling policy
statement on South Africa clearly showed that his administration has not cor-
rectly weighed the political situation in South Africa. Further, he was at
pains to portray the issue in the context of the East-West conflict of capi-
talism versus Communism. That [words indistinct] was a pathetic effort from
the so-called leader of the Western world to evade the real issue. It clearly
showed the Reagan administration's demogogic fear of the so-called Communist
threat in southern Africa.

The real issue at stake is the destruction of apartheid. It is not Communism
which is on trial. It is apartheid which is the very opposite of what America
claims to stand for. No amount of whitewashing or of clouding the issue will
hide the nakedness of apartheid and racial bigotry in South Africa, but the
Reagan administration will not lift a finger through the imposition of economic
sanctions to act firmly and decisively against the apartheid regime.

Now we have heard it from the horse's own mouth. Now we know where we stand
with President Reagan over apartheid South Africa.

The apartheid rulers in Pretoria must today be wringing their hands in high
glee at Reagan's remarks which can only buttressthe evils of apartheid. Those
remarks are of little or no comfort to the already suffering and oppressed peo-
ple of South Africa. Once again the West, led by the United States, has lost
its chance to prove to free Africa that its condemnation of apartheid in South
Africa is an honest reflection of its real thinking. :

President Reagan's and Margaret Thatcher's firm refusal to impose economic
sanctions against South Africa clearly shows that Western policy at the moment

56



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

Arabic. The objective of the meeting is the discussion of the regionali-
zation of the African merchant navy academies. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS
in Portuguese 14 May 86 p 1] 13259/6662 :

BIE PROVINCIAL COMMISSAR VISITS CUAMBA--Kuito-—-As part of the municipal visits
program, a group headed by Bie Provincial Commissar Marcolino Jose Carlos
(Moko), a member of the party's centrdl committee, made an assistance and
control visit to Cuamba. While in Cuamba, the delegation of party and govern—
ment officials as well as representatives from the party's youth wing and
mass and social organizations met with local party/government officials and
the area's traditional leaders. At these meetings, the delegation learned

of the difficulties facing the municipalities, especially the problem of
supplying essential goods to displaced people. The Bie provincial commissar
was introduced to the local people by Abel Satula, the assistant coordinator
of the party's provincial committee, at a mass rally. At the rally, Marcolino
Moko, called upon the people to join in the vigilance tasks and municipal
defense. He underscored that the concern of provincial officials is to
combat the people's major difficulties. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in
Portuguese 7 Jun 86 p 3] 9935/9738

DELEGATION VISITS PETROMAR--Caxito--A party/government delegation headed by
Daniel Joao Quintas, economic department coordinator of the party's Bengo
provincial committee, recently went to Ambriz where it learned about the
socio-economic situation there and the operation of the oil exploration plat-
form factory (PETROMAR). During the delegation's stay in Ambriz, it held
fact finding meetings with the party's municipal committee, the commissariat
and the PETROMAR management to learn about each area's day-to-day problems.
The need to train Angolan personnel to replace the foreign work force was
also brought out by Daniel Quintas. The firm has a large number of foreign
workers who are a great detriment to the People's Republic of Angola because
of the hard currency expenditures involved in keeping them, Meanwhile, the
firm's economic development was reviewed (with great hope for the future).
Such areas as the division of labor and the behavior of the students being
trained in the firm were the subject of the review. [Excerpt] [Luanda JORNAL
DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 7 Jun 86 p 1] 9935/9738

FREE MANDELA CAMPAIGN--Recently collected in the municipality of Kibaze were
9,896 signatures in favor of the liberation of Nelson Mandela. The campaign,
which consisted in the opening of a book for signatures, was directed by the
second provincial secretary of the JMPLA~MPLA Youth, Zeferino Simao, who
explained at the time that the "collecting of signatures is not for the purpose
of begging the South African racists, but to make them understand and recognize
that the liberation of Mandela is on the side of truth.". The collection will
be extended to schools, companies, and military units, and will be aided by

the Youth, OMA, OPA and BPV's in the province. This campaign is also to demand
the progressive liberation of other political prisoners incarcerated in the
jails of apartheid. Present at the ceremony were representatives of the ANC
and SWAPO. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 12 Jun 86 p 3]
12942/9738

NEW COMMISSARS NAMED--Three presidential decrees signed by Comrade Jose
Eduardo dos Santos, president of the Republic, and published yesterday
relieved Mariano Garcia Puku, member of the Central Committee of the MPLA-
Labor Party, of his position as provincial commissar of Luanda, and Armindo

22



hn

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JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

PROVINCIAL COUNCIL REPLACEMENT CRITICIZED

Durban POST NATAL in English 2-5 Jun 86 p 6

[Editorial]

The old Provincial Council system was dissolved
this week in an orgy of nostalgic pomp and cere-
mony.

Some mourned its passing after 76 years.

In Natal it was obviously painful for the NRP
to see the loss of its only power base. The re-
Placing of the old system meant the end of the
party's reign in Natal. Out go senior MEC Mr
Frank Martin and his Provincial Executive.

While for some it was a sad end, the demise
of the old system frankly left us cold.

Being a whites-only council, we had no say in
its making, its deliberations or its decisions.
Save for the odd occasion when they sought
our advice — which they were not obliged to
heed — the Council simply made decisions on
our behalf on issues affecting our lives,

No, we did not share in the mourning.

But if the old system represented an injury,
its replacement is a downright insult.

Fresh from its efforts at constitutional tinker-
ing at national level, the Government has come
up with a monstrosity for second tier control.

One possible refinement perhaps is the fact
that for the first time, people other than white
are included.

But instead of allowing people to elect their
own representatives, we have been presented
with hand-picked teams of Government appoin-
tees who have no responsibility to the voters.

/12828
CSO: 3400/150

For Natal the choice of the team to control
the Province has been met with shock and dis-
belief. Whatever their colour, the new executive
members can hardly be said to represent peo-
ple of this province. They are also not account-
able to the people of Natal, only to the Govern-
ment.

Included in the new Natal team is appointed
President's Council member, Mr Clyde Pierce;
a defeated candidate in the House of Delegates
election, Mr Shunmugan Naidoo; and Brickfield
MP Mr Abdool Gaffar Joosab, who Is known
more for his expertise in business and his con-
tributions to charity than for his performances
in Parliament.

To date no representative of the majority
African community in Natal has been appoint-
ed.

Replacing the old system with the new has
merely added insult to injury.

65



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

REPORTERS TAKE GOVERNMENT SPONSORED TOUR OF BLACK TOWNSHIPS
Durban POST NATAL in English 25-28 Jun 86 P 16

[Article by Kanthan Pillay]

[Text] THE first stop on the Bureau's itinerary seemed a
bit odd.

On a roadside on the way to Inanda, several people
had set up shacks which played a vital role selling
goods which were not otherwise available in the area.

One such shack belonged to a traditional medic — a
muti man or witchdoctor if you prefer — and this was
our first port of call.

It was quite obvious that our guides — Police
PRO Captain Winston Heunis and a uniformed sergent
— were familiar with the place.

The person they had come to see, the witchdoctor,
was not home. A buxom woman with a baby strapped
to her back told us very politely that he would be in
the following day.

Inside the shack, a domestic hen and several chicks
chattered endlessly amidst several strange-looking
herbs and liquids and a large shock of horses hair.

We left, setting off in
the direction of Inanda.

That visit to the witch-
doctor’s shack proved to

- be — for me at any rate

— the highlight of the
tour.

As we approached the
entrance to Inanda, our
driver made a U-turn in
front of the police station

— and we set off back in -

the direction from which
we had just come.

Weren't we going into
Inanda?

No, we were told. Kwa-
Mashu would be our next
stop.

We drove through a
back entrance into Kwa-
Mashu. Along the way,
two soldiers were dis-
pensing fresh water to a
queue of people from a
tanker.

Could we stop here, a
reporter asked.

Yes, replied Captain
Heunis, but no photo-

: graphs of the army vehi-
| ele were to be taken.

“We'll get the picture
cleared by Pretoria,” the
reporter said.

Captain Heunis accept-
ed. “Make sure you get
the picture cleared first,”
he said.

_. He repeated what had
been said earlier on in
the journey... No pic-
tures were to be taken
without his permission.

‘We went on.

At the centre of Kwa-
Mashu, a large wall stood
plastered with slogans
supporting anti-govern-
ment organisations. “Can
we stop here?” the re-
porter asked.

No.

From KwaMashu, we
left via Newlands East
and up along the outer

76



As for the extraction of crude lime, Jose Correia said that he had no idea
as to what production would be, since deposits were discovered.at high
places (in the mountains) and, according to him, "in order to explore

them, we need investments that exceed the enterprise's financial capacity.
We are continuing to use the crude lime from Caraculo, Namibe, which has a
high percentage of marble in it, for the central hospital project. Produc-
tion of lime by.the local industry is proceeding at a good pace, and I
therefore believe that it will comply with goals for the first quarter at
the rate of 200 percent," he concluded.

9805/6662
cso: 3442/263

12



TEACHERS ADDRESS DETERIORATING RELATIONSHIP WITH DEC

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 24 Jun 86 p 11

[Article by Ronnie Morris]

[Text]

ONE theme that under-
lined the 19th annual
congress of the Cape
‘Yeachers’ Professional
Association (CTPA) last
week was the fast-de-

teriorating relationship *

between teachers and
the Department of Edu-
cation and Culture.
Awarning that the bat-
tle lines had been drawn,
came during the presi-
dential address of Mr
Franklin Sonn last Tues-
day, when he accused
the dep:

by implication the La- .

bour Party — of “blatant
administrative misman-
agement

criticized the

rence of LP MPs
in “highly sensitive, pri-
vate and professional
matters", such as promo-
tions.

Another message Mr
Sonn preached with mis-
sionary zeal was the
need for teachers to re-
main united. He often
referred to an annual
teachers’ conference in
Kimberley in 1943 which
ended ina split in teach-
er ranks, and he made

19274

CSO: 3400/226

emotional appeals to
teachers not to let it hap-
pen again,

Standing ovations and
wild cheering greeted
the speeches and ad-
dresses of Mr Sonn, who
was elected as CTPA
president for the 11th
consecutive year.

During the three-day
conference, the Depart-
ment of Education and
Culture, House of Repre-
sentatives (DEC), and its
political head, Mr Carter
Ebrahim, faced sus-
tained and scathing at-
tacks.

Among the issues
raised were the non-im-
plementation of promo-
tional posts which had
been created in 1984, the
non-delivery of stock
and apparatus — forcing
teachers to buy it them-
selves, the delay in day-
to-day repairs to schools,
discrimination against
woman teachers and
non-payment of salaries.

Matters came to a head
on Thursday when, after
a lengthy and fiery de-
bate, the CTPA decided
to withdraw its repre-

sentatives from “racist
government structures”
in the DEC and the De-
partment of National
Education.

The Union of Teach-
ers’ Associations of
South Africa (UTASA) —

, an umbrella body com-
‘ prising the CTPA, the

‘Transvaal Teachers’
Association, the Orange
Free State Teachers’
Association and the
Society of Natal Teach-
ers — took a similar de-
cision a day later.

‘The Orange Free State
Teachers’ Association
was the only dissenting

voice and opted for.
selective withdrawal. It.

said it would withdraw
from the “own affairs”
committees but would
remain on the “general
affairs” committee.

A man who is destined
to play a major role in
educational matters is
the youthful CTPA vice-
president, Mr Randall
van den Heever.

It was he who intro-
duced the motion calling
for complete withdrawal
and it was he the CTPA
used as its “big gun” to
persuade delegates to

71

JPRS-SSA-86-087

26 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

vote for the motion.
But the man who won
the day with his char!
ma and charm was v
doubtedly the former
Leader of the Opposition
in the House of Assem-
bly, Dr F Van Zyl Slab-
bert, who was cheered
continuously while deli-
vering a keynote address
at the UTASA confer-
ence last Friday.
During the day he was
mobbed by large num-
bers of people asking
him to autograph their
conference programmes,
to be allowed to pose for
hotographs with him or
just meet him.
Delegates made no
bones about the distaste
with which they regard-
ed the racial basis of the
education system and
called for a non-racial
democratic system of
education, equal, in all
respects, for every citi-
zen of the country.
Many strongly-worded
resolutions were adopt-
ed at the congress. Many
of them, however, cannot
be quoted as they would
contravene the emergen-
cy regulations.



Africans were decimated in the land of apartheid. And Namibia continues
colonized, its people humiliated.

For us it is a day of celebration, but on this day, it is worthwhile to recall
all of this. It is still necessary to wage a great fight, because our
victories must increase. It is true that there are phenomena which work
against our will--armed banditry and natural calamities. It is also necessary
for us to be aware that the developed countries are taking the trouble to give
us gifts to offset hunger, but they are not providing the technology so that
we could produce these gifts for ourselves. .

Our development will never come about on the basis of gifts, because it will
only be possible to eliminate the hunger we are experiencing today with spades
in the earth, with plows, with seeds--in other words, when we apply our talent
to the earth as well, There are numerous countries which are helping us in
the various economic branches, and there is significant development, but on
the other hand, there are other forces which are arming the bandits to destroy
this development. In short, some are aiding us to build, while others are
destroying this aid.

It is a day of celebration and no one should think that I do not enjoy such
days. But now I prefer to speak of those who suffer, those who had nothing
with which to celebrate 25 June, of the victories we must still win, of the
serious problems we are experiencing. After this, perhaps it will be possible
to speak of celebration.

Happiness is not absent from our faces, but again I insist--let us spend a few
minutes in contemplation. Let us continue celebrating this festive day, let
us drink all the whiskey, wine and beer we want. If we finish it, it does not
matter--we will buy more. But after drinking all of this, we must spend a few
minutes in reflection. Then we will have to think of those who are dying in
Tete, the victims of hunger, those who are defending the fatherland and also
too, whiskey, wine and beer for all the people of Mozambique.

The path we have covered is still a short one. The true sons of our
fatherland will be born and will be hardened in this constant struggle we are
waging. Victories will come, as will defeats and heroes, and there will be
traitors. Thus a few minutes of contemplation may enable our revolution to
advance.

I am sure you will say I asked for minutes and have talked for hours, but I
ask you that we say together, in a whirlwind chorus, simply "Mozambique
belongs to the Mozambicans.”

5157
C€S0:3442/259

29



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

TRANSPORT SERVICES SHOW SURPLUS IN FIRST QUARTER

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 Jul 86 p 3

[Article by Gerald Reilly]
SATS completed the first quarter of Pectation of R403,450m by R33,905m.
(Text) the financial year with q R29,8m Railways budgeted for revenue of
surplus. Reb in the first three months. In fact,

A senior Sats source told Business e actual figure fell short by R37,6m.,
Day this, however, did not alter Trans- However, there whieh 2, of R22,8m on
port Minister Hendrik Schoeman’s bud- Rieezbn, ure which amounted to,
oe orem’ Of & RG deficit for, the The budgeted deficit amounted to

Traffic was historically heavier and R87,9m, while the actual loss was
revenue higher in the first quarter. The R102,629m. |
April-June result did not mean Sats had Harbours’ revenue at R250,406m fell
turned round into a surplus situation, he short of the budget expectation by
stressed. R2,937m. .

Sats’ economy and cost-cutting can.- Expenditure was down by R1,283m.
paign, the source said, was still in full The surplus expectation was R82,013m
operation and the first quarter's results against the realised surplus of R80,358m.
were proof of this. All services’ revenue ipeline revenue was down by
for the period totalled R2,241bn, and ex- R0,953m to R61,358m. Expenditure was
penditure R2,211bn. also down on budget by R0,180m to

Contributing massively to the small RIB Bb3m, ed
surplus was a cut in SA Airways expen- ie udgeted surplus was R46,278m
diture of R54m against a budgeted against actual surplus of R45,505m.
figure of R416m.

Revenue was down on the budget ex-

/12828
csO: 3400/150 END

100



"DAILY STAR' URGES END TO SECTIONAL PATRIOTISM

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 17 Jul 86 p 3

[Text]

HE Chief of General Staff,
Commodore Ebitu Ukiwe,
has observed that sectional
patriotism has been responsible
for the evils that have benighted
Nigeria, ‘‘the main constraints to
the attainment of genuine
patriotism in the country’’.
COMMODORE Ukive who
was exchanging views with one of
the frontline nationalists in the
struggle for independence, Igwe
Osita Agwuna, the Eze Enugwu-
Ukwu who paid him a courtesy

call at the Dodan Barracks
regretted that sectional
patriotism has hampered
Nigeria’s campaign towards
greater unity. He noted that
“some Nigerians tended to
subjugate national patriotism

when it comes into conflict with
their sectional interest”. We
agree entirely with the Chief of
General Staff.

LIKE nationalism, sectional
patriotism is a sentiment that is
transmitted from the elite to the
masses. Those who do not shy
away from history will agree with
us that it was only between 1948
and 1958 that Nigeria had elite

and leaders whose national
interests transcended sectional
interests.

/12828

CSO: 3400/148

THAT was the time when
under the banner of a ‘United
Front” Nigeria as a nation
presented 2 common front
against the colonial masters —
the time when such people like
the Igwe Osita Agwuna himself,
Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, the late
Herbert Macaulay, Chief
%Obafemi Awolowo, Chief T.0.S.
‘Benson, Chief Michael Imodu,
Chief H. O. Davies, Chief Kola
Balogun, Dr Ikenna Nzimiro,
late Fumilayo Ransome-Kuti

71d a host of nationalists were”

prepared to sacrifice their lives
rather than see Nigeria derogated
in any form or guise. Some of
these men served various prison
terms for the cause of Nigeria
and none hardly remembered he
belonged to a different clan or
clime.

BUT since the attainment of
independence in 1960, the,
problem which has confronted
Nigeria and survived successive
regimes has been the debilitating
eause of sectional patriotism
under the varying name of
tribalism, ethnicity or statism.
Sectional patriotism culminated
in a thirty-month bloody war and
has continued to blight us many
years after the civil war.

36

JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

NIGERIA

THE original concept of
statism was to help the various
ethnic groups grow at their own
pace and beyond the fear of
friction with or domination of
the bigger ethnic units within the
polity. Unfortunately, the

‘creation of many states has

fostered sectional patriotism

, more than it resolved the crisis of

unity and stability. It created
disaffection even where harmony
once reigned.

IT is this sectional patriotism
that has limited job mobility in
‘Nigeria, created confusion and
abuses in the location of
industries, helped criminals to
elude punishment, introduced
abuses into the concept of the
“federal character” and
influenced our choice of leader-
‘ships.

WE = agree entirely that
sectional patriotism is the root of
our ills and until we overcome
that sentiment, all. efforts.
towards greater national inte-
gration and nationhood will
remain ineffective. This is why
we believe that the new phase of
WAI should “emphasize the
transformation: of the flames of
sectional patriotism into those of
national patriotism.



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

KWANATAL INDABA BILL OF RIGHTS OFFERS ALTERNATIVE VISION

Patel Article

Durban POST NATAL in English 16-19 Jul 86 p 8

[Article by Quraish Patel]

[Text]

THE adoption of a Bill of Rights last
week by the KwaNatal indaba seemed
pointless.

Had it been the result of efforts by the Gov-
ernment and all its opponents, the Bill of
Rights would have been a magnificent
achievement.

Yet the proposals — which safeguard the liberty of
individuals against arbitrary actions by the State —
are exciting nevertheless. Against the background of

the state of emergency it is also daring.

The Bill of Rights dares us to think of the possibility
of a free and united South Africa,

Its effect is dramatic, serving to criticise the pres-
ent by posing an alternative. And its essence is beyond.

reproach.

But the basic problems of survival which plague the:

black majority — such as
the lack of food, shelter,
clothing, and medical
care — raise nagging
suspicions that the move
towards guaranteeing in-
dividual rights for all is
really stressing freedom

at the expense of abolish-_

ing starvation.

Of what use is a Bill of
Rights when a man can-
not feed his family? After
all, the American Bill of
Rights has not solved
that problem.

However, the protec-
tion against the exercise
of arbitrary power, of the
right to vote, the right to

assembly, free speech,
and:participation in polit-
ical affairs are prepara-
tory manoeuvres in the
fight against economic
inequality.

At_a conference on a
Bill of Rights in Pretoria
last month, Mr Justice
Didcott, of the Natal
Bench, pointed to a solu-
tion of that perplexing
problem.

“Tt is all very well,” he
said, “for freedom of
speech and assembly to
be guaranteed, for arbi-
trary arrests and deten-
tions to be outlawed, or
the right to vote and par-
ticipate in the political
life of the country to be
secured.

“But these are the pre-
occupations of those with
the time and inclination

61

to write and read books,
to make or listen to
speeches, to concern
themselves with public
affairs, to stick out their
necks.

“What matters more to
most of the men and
women living in Soweto,
in Guguletu, in Kwa-
Mashu, is a full stomach,
employment, housing,
health care, and an edu-
cation for their children.
What use to them is a
Bill of Rights which may
not ensure needs so basic
are met?”

His answer is this: it
can guarantee the de-
mocracy in which people
will have the best
chance.

And herein lies the real
excitement of any Bill of
Rights — not only does it
make democracy possi-
ble, it also gives every-
one a better chance to
survive. .

The freedom which a
Bill of Rights guarantees
opens up new political
choices for all partici-
pants. The Bill of Rights
will not eliminate pover-



Concerning the second general elections scheduled to be held in the country
shortly, Francisco Pateguana urged that his hearers elect their best
representatives, those who embody the concerns of the majority.

Blanket of Music Covers Xai-Xai

What is regarded as the finest musical performance in recent years in the city
of Xai-Xai took place on the 24th and 25th of this month, under the
sponsorship of the Recreation and Cultural Entertainment Enterprise (EREC),
which was recently established by a group of young people in this city.

The two performances featured the well-known and famous Ghorwane and Alambique
groups, including singers Arao Litsuri, Hortencio Langa, Roberto Chitsondzo
and others. Thousands of individuals attended these performances, which were
held at the Gaza Club football field.

On the second day, innumerable individuals were unable to see, hear and
experience the traditional Mozambican musical performance because the football
field was jammed. Moreover, the sophisticated equipment of the Mozambican
Entertainment Enterprise (EME), which contributed greatly to the quality of
the musical performance, was one of the factors bringing thousands of persons
to the site of the performance. However, the Gaza Club football field only
has a seating capacity of 5,000.

One very important aspect which should be stressed is that, despite their
inexperience in this field (since the enterprise is a new one), the young
organizers of the event were able to put respect for the public above
everything, taking every step and precaution to ensure that a real musical
experience was provided. The joy expressed therein could not fail to be
contagious.

It could be said that for 2 days, the city of Xai-Xai was covered by a
veritable musical “blanket.” The city was free of the notorious deceptions
to which dishonest impresarios had led it to become accustomed.

Also, on the evening of 25 June, Governor Francisco Pateguana gave an
anniversary banquet for the leading cadres of the party and the government in
Gaza. People's Assembly deputies and members of the Central Committee living
in the province, as well as leaders of various sectors, also attended as
invited guests.

The banquet lasted about 2 hours, and the Ghorwane and Alambique groups
provided a show for the guests which won them several rounds of applause,
which the young people in the two groups truly merited.

Addressing the performers directly, Francisco Pateguana praised their work, in
particular because of the fact that they left the capital of the country to
come and live in this part of the country at a time when the whole of our
people are celebrating.

32



Indeed, government's own policy of urbanisation is based on recognition
that the drift to the cities can be stopped only at the cost of crippling
the economy. The new policy of “inward industrialisation"--SA's answer
to sanctions--makes a virtue of the force of industrialisation.

Yet all of this--not to speak of the Nationalists' dwindling stock of
credibility--is poured down the drain in order to rescue from the failure
of Verwoerdian apartheid a patchwork of little Bantustans, so that otherwise
useless white officials can continue to defy the forces of economics.

/12828
CSO: 3400/150

64



MINISTRY EXPLAINS NEW LAW ON UNION DUES DEDUCTION

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 19 Jul 86 p 6

[Text]

/12828
cso:

EMPLOYERS are no
longer empowered or
obliged to deduct union
dues from the wages and
salaries of their
employees who are
members of the Senior
Siaff Association of
trade unions.

The Ministry of
Employment, Labour
and Productivity dis-
closed this in a statement
in Lagos, explaining the
Trade Unions
{Miscellaneous
Provisions) Decree, 1986.

The statement further
explained that where the
government thought that
any union was in a
position to arrange for
adequate collection of its
own funds from its own
members, the employer
would no longer be
involved.

The ministry frowned
at the activities of some
trade unions as being
inconsistent with and a
violation of the laws
governing the affiliation
of trade unions to the
central labour organisa-
tions,

3400/148

To arrest the situation, the
statement “ pointed out,
necessary sanctions had been
provided under the amended

Decree for dealing with the

violation of the affiliation law.

The — itiinistry ised
that the sanctions became
necessary in view of the fact
that the provisions of the law
and repeated warnings had
been consistently ignored.

It gave the assurance that in
keeping with the _ present
administration's avowed polic
of promoting Fundam he
Human Rights and :
Justice, the government would
continue to encourage a robust
and active trade union move-
ment.

The ministry appealed to
employers, workers and labour
leaders for. a‘ proper under-
standing of the spirit behind
the amended law and sought:
jon to ensure its

thei CG-CP-
success.

It again reminded all that the
maintenance of _ industrial
peace and harmony was an
absolute pre-requisite in the’
country’s efforts to improve its
present state of economy,

42

JPRS-SSA- 86-087
26 August 1986

NIGERIA



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NATAL PFP LEADER FEARS CONSEQUENCES OF NEW EXCO SYSTEM

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 30 Jun 86 p 7

{Article by Bruce Cameron]

[Text]

HOPES that Natal
might be allowed to
work out for itself a
system of second-tier
government may well
have been given a coup
de grace by the an-
nouncement of the no-
minated Eixco.

This is the fear ex
pressed by the Natal
Jeader of the Progress-
ive Federal Party, Mr
Ray Swart, who sces
the latest move as 4
climax to gradual
truncation of provin-
cial powers over the
years.

Mr Swart made the-
points in a series of
speeches to Parlia-
ment on the scrapping
of the current elected
system of provincial
povernment.

He said the indaba
was busy finding an al-
ternative which would
he acceptable to all.

What was being
done was what the
Minister of Constitu-
tional Development,
Mr Chris Heunis,
should have done — sat
round a table talking to
the people directly in-
volved.

Mr Swart reminded.

Parliament of the his-
.tory of the provincial
Jsystem and warned
that provincial powers,
sentiment and diver-
sity could not be light
ly ignored as the Gov-
‘ernment had done with
the new nominated
system.
,_ These needs and dif-
ferences were founded
in history and were a
reality.

“The great debate
before the Union was
whether the coming to-
gether of the four prov-
inces had to be based
on a strictly unitary
constitution or a feder-
al constitution.

“The Government
should know that, par-
ticularly on the part of
the two smaller prov-
inces, there were great
fears and strong feel-
ings.”

This was particular-
ly the case in Natal
and it was a critical
issue at the National
Convention. Natal fa-
youred federalism.

“We know the ma-
jority at the National
Convention felt other-

84

wise and opted for a
constitution that, was
unitary in form but
which, as a compro-
mise, would include a
component providing
certain legislative
powers to remain with-
in the dominion of the
provinces.

“When the Natal

Legislative. Assembly
agreed to go into
Union, it did so on the
basis of that compro
mise.” :
He pointed out that
the people of Natal
were consulted by
means of a referen-
dum.

(He rejected Govern-
ment claims that the
1983 referendum on the
tricameral Parliament
could be taken as
agreement by the pub-
lic for the new system
and the scrapping of
the old).

Natal had been par-
ticularly jealous since
then of the degree of
rovincial autonomy
which it had managed
to wring out of the Na-
tional Convention.

“while it is true that
autonomy has been



The law specifies that in case of illness, for a period up.to a maximum of

3 months, these employees shall not have the right to transfer part of their
salary; these employees are entitled to 100 percent of their salary in local
currency in the first month, 75 percent in the second, and 50 percent in the
third, but only in the case of a pregnant woman.

With regard to contract termination, the law signed by the Angolan president
indicates that a contract can be terminated by mutual agreement, revocation
by the employer or by the employee, and end of contract's duration; in the
first and second cases the contract can be terminated at any time, regardless
of its duration.

With termination of the contract by the employer for just cause, or by the
employee without just cause, the employee incurs the obligation to compensate
the employer with the amount equivalent to 3 months of ‘the contractual
salary.

In case of contract termination for the reasons stated above, the employee
must abandon the country within 8 days, immediately after expiration of the
time allowed for appeal.

13259 /6662
CSO: 3442/241



UGANDA

ZAMBIA

Computer Centers Planned for Registration, ID Card Programs
(DAILY TIMES, 19 Jul 86). ..cccsccccccececccececccsserecees

Air Controllers Union Warns of Inadequate Communications
(Dupe Olanipekun; SUNDAY TIMES, 20 Jul 86) ..cccccceeeaces

Higher Foreign Charges Impeding Imports
(Ngozi Ikeand; BUSINESS TIMES, 21 Jul 86) ..ccscevcccceccs

Warri, Kaduna Oil Refineries Increasing Capacity
(Ibrahim Biu; NEW NIGERIAN, 16 Jul 86) ....ccsecccsccceees

Elf Oil Company Granted Exploration Leases in Southeast
(Lola Ibironke; DAILY. TIMES, 19 Jul 86) .....ceccecccceecs

Briefs
Promotion of Groundnuts
Kerosene Shortage Explanation
Minna Road Project
Politicans' Restriction Not Punitive
New Islamic Newspaper
Bread From Corn Flour
Import License Problem
Drug Death Sentences Reduced

New Regulations Governing NRA Soldiers Detailed
(THE EQUATOR, 14 Jul 86) ..sccecccecccecccceccerccresceees

Population Growth Rate Set at 3 Percent
(Gaspar Gasana; WEEKLY TOPIC, 2 Jul 86) .....e.

‘Appalling State' of Agricultural Centers Described
(WEEKLY TOPIC, 16 Jul 86)°.....

Commentary Condemns U.S. Opposition to Sanctions
(Lusaka Domestic Service, 24 Jul 86) .cccccscecveccccceees

Briefs
USSR, GDR Reschedule Loans

ZIMBABWE

Topics for Nonaligned Summit Previewed
(SAPA, 27 Jul 86) ..

43

44

45

46

47

48
48
49
49
50
50

50

51

52

55

56

58

59


Gen. Obafemi Obasanjo, a Yoruba, limited his
term of office to three years from the start, on the
unspoken understanding (some say) that he would
hand back power to the north in 1979. The contro-
versial elections that year produced a “‘true norther-
ner’’ as president - Shehu Shagari from Sokoto.
Things were back to normal, at least when viewed
from the Sultan’s court. The 1983 military coup
Produced yet another Sokoto leader - Mai-Gen

Mohammed Buhari. Maj-Gen Ibrahim Babangida’s
coup last August shocked Sokoto as never before.
In an exchange of messages between the Sultan
and Lagos, Abubakar reminded Babangida that he
(Babangida) was subject to the will of Allah (with
Sokoto in a sort of intermediary role); Babangida
conveyed his desire to ‘‘de-emphasise religion and
ethnicity’’ - a suggestion that was most frostily
received in Sokoto,

The Sultan’s dilemmas have been played down by
his courtiers. But his troubles are only too evident.
For instance, the Sokoto state governor, Col. Garba
Mohammed, has found it hard to appoint councillors
for the 19 local government areas, having apparently
refused to consider some of the candidates favoured
by traditional rulers. This power struggle apparently
led t6 the announcement last week of an incomplete
list of the appointments, announced through an
official release but through a television commercial -
an extraordinary: form of public communication,
suggesting resistance by local officials to the gover-
nor’s selection. Prior to that, the governor had
submitted the names of candidates for vetting by the
National Security Organization (NSO) - another
extraordinary precaution. (Col. Garba’s running
battle to replace “narrow-minded and parochial offi-
cials”’ in Sokoto with more modern personnel entai-
led setting up panel at the end of last year to
shake up Sokoto’s officialdom. Last month he even
appointed three additional judges in his efforts to
dilute the hidebound attitude of existing courts. For
the first time there are now more than three judges
in the state).

Some Nigerians like to believe Babangida owes his
survival until now as president only to Sir Abubak-
ar’s age and failing health and the consequent preoc-
cupation of his courtiers with the succession. The
five-man committee now acting for the Sultan inclu-
des Muhamadu Maccido, one of Abubakar’s sons,
a former member of the Northern House of
Assembly who bears the title Sarkin Kudu of Sokoto;
Aliyu Gumbi, the Magajin Gari of Sokoto, who
served for a time in the post-independence federal
cabinet; and the committee’s chairman, Alhaji
Junaidu, Waziri of Sokoto since 1950, a scholar of
Arabic and, of course, a member of the former
Northern House of Assembly. (The other two mem-
bers are also important office holders - the Magajin
Rafi and the Galadima Gari). Though the composi-
tion of this group is significant because of its ultra-

39



113104
cso:

3400/248

issue and stress "separate but
equ jon will be achieve
within a decade, despite critics
pointing out that separate can
never be equal.

De Lange insists a unitary
education would create a
“monolithic bureaucratic monster".

However there are currently 18
education departments which are
likely to be pruned to M4 in the
future with the scapping of
provincial administrations. And
there is an education department
for each major race group, each
major black ethnic group under the
homelands and each province.

Equal education

Confusingly, De Lange says he
has recommended a “single
department of education
responsible for macro-policy
matters, focussed on providing
ity of opportunity in
education."

Although he admits he is aot
clear about the focus of "People's
Education" (created as a pre-
liberation response to Bantu
Education) De Lange says it is :
"Educationally unsound to teach
the young to overthrow by violent
means, au_order that is changing.
‘The hard fact of education is that
one his to learn to read, write and
count,’ to become oriented in
knowledge and value systems ...
and thus help the country make a

living.
"Politicians do not do this, and if
you turn all’ children into

politicians, then that is the only

ability they acquire and obviously
you're heading for disaster."

70



ARTICLE SEES MINING UNREST ‘CO CONTINUE

Johannesburg TUE NEW NATION in English 19 Jun-2 Jul 86 p 15

[Text]

MINING industrial
relations have been
rocked by at least three
separate stopp: in the
last week marking a
inilitant bepinning to the
crucial 1986 -wage
negotiations.

With mine strikes
accounting for most of
the hundreds of thou-
sands of working hours.
lost so far this year, the
next few months look

set to be dominated by,

mineworker disputes.
The mass dismissals,
evictions and violence
which has left more than.
15 miners dead, are
likely to continue as
worker frustration flow-

warned that the growing
unrest on mines was
symptomatic of the low
wages and some of the
most hostile working
conditions,
Grievances. range
from low wages, attacks
on union members and
restrictions on union
organisers. Despite

/13104
C80: - 3400/245

deteriorating circum-
stances, managements
appear to be adopting a
tougher stance ~~
patticularly in the case
of the National Union of
Mineworkers (NUM).

Jf claims that anti-
NUM forces were
responsible for the
bloody attack on NUM.
memibers at the Hlobane
colliery are to be
believed, then the union-
bashing option seems set
to prevail.

According to workers,
bosses barred a NUM
orpaniser from entering
Hlobane.

And the union adds
that the reported
bussing-in of anti-NUM
forces was a deliberate
attempt to spark off
confrontation with the
intention of removin;
NUM members ani
replacing them with
workers loyal to
management principles.

An estimated 500
miners have been bussed
out of the mine since the
clash, But Simon
Conco, General

79

JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

Secretary of the Inkatha
union, the United
Workers Union of SA
(Uwusa), deniéd that the
attack was launched by
Uwusa members. He
says, however, that the
claims needed investi-
gation.

According to NUM,

‘two busloads of armed

‘impis' from Mahta-
bathini near Ulundi
arrived at the mine and
attacked workers.

"Num members fled
into the countryside
around the mine chased
by ‘impis’ chanting
"Osutt -- a Zulu war
cry. People were
stabbed and beaten with
sticks. Some had their
eyes stabbed out with
roofing bolts," said one
Hlobane worker.

Owners of the Green-
side colliery, Rand
Mines seem to have
adopted the bashin:
approach as well. Jt
dismissed 500 NUM
members said to be on
an illegal strike. The
Supreme Court upheld
the evictions decte

ing,
. the dismissals lawful.



360189

JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 AUGUST 1986

ERRATUM: Items on pages 69-85
._ inadvertently omitted from
JPRS-SSA-86-081, 29 July 1986.

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

—
say IHSESUTED 8 | —
‘gytc QUALE oS

i
1

\

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

hres TE

{REPRODUCED BY Q
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE |:
NATIONAL TECHNICAL

INFORMATION SERVICE
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 kgs } h



Merchant Marine Academy

Bie Provincial Commissar Visits Cuamba
Delegation Visits PETROMAR

Free Mandela Campaign

New Commissars Named

Swearing-In Ceremony

LESOTHO
Briefs
Surrender of Firearms Ordered
Detractors Warned of Armed Forces

MOZAMBIQUE

French Ambassador Presents Gift of Wheat
(NOTICIAS, 1 Jul 86) .secccsscccencencccscecvecvevsceseeses

Cabo Delgado Government Representative Meets With Pemba Muslims
(NOTICIAS, 23 Jun 86) ..ecacecccecccecccctersceeceeessosess

Contemplation of Nation's Victims Urged
(Adelino Jorge Fernandes; NOTICIAS, 2 Jul 86) ......eeeeeee

Gaza Independence Celebrations, Governor's Speech, Reported
(Bento Niquice; NOTICIAS, 2 Jul 86) ..cceccsccccscccceeeece

Briefs
Mozambique, GDR Sign Protocol

NIGERIA

Christian Church Leaders Raise Issues With Government
(NEW NIGERIAN, 17 Jul 86) .eccccccccccvccccccsceccccecernee

"DAILY STAR' Urges End to Sectional Patriotism
(DAILY STAR, 17 Jul 86) ...ccccccceccccccvencccccccesseeses

Traditional Ruler Urges AFRC To Disband Political Bureau
(Anene Ozoagu; NEW NIGERIAN, 21 Jul 86) ...cccecscceeecrees

Succession Issue in Sokoto of National Importance
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 2 Jul 86) ..

Minister Reviews Communications Plans, Satellite Possibility
(Martins Nwanne; DAILY TIMES, 19 Jul 86) ........

Ministry Explains New Law on Union Dues Deduction
(DAILY STAR, 19 Jul 86) .cscccccccvsscunccecvcenccceees

24

2

25

26

28

30

34

35

36

37

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4l

42



Islamic community for coming to the party and the state on this day of

celebration to reassert the identity of its members as Mozambicans first of
all.

“We want to thank the Islamic community of Pemba represented here for the fact
that it has come to recognize quite properly that the Mozambican party and
state have made efforts.to ensure the advance of our fatherland without
discrimination of any kind, and in particular, in. this case, without
discrimination against any religious group. We are much moved by your
message, in which you tell us and confirm that more than ever, your words and
deeds and experiences in our country bear witness to the fact that the state
is secular in Mozambique, and that it does not persecute any religious
denomination,” he said.

Later on, the representative of the provincial government of Cabo Delgado said
that this attitude reveals that the members of this group realize that they
are Mozambicans, and patriots, before being Muslims.

“And what makes us proud, makes all of our people proud, is the awareness that
above being a Macua or Maconde or a religious believer, we are all
Mozambicans," Paulo Adelino Muianga said.

As is traditional now, the celebration of the passing of yet another Idi Fitre
commemoration in the city of Pemba included celebrations at which Muslims and
other invited guests socialized, as well as various religious ceremonies in
the outlying neighborhoods of the city. “

5157
CS0:3442/259

27



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BUSINESS LEADERS DEBATE PROS, CONS OF SOCIAL, POLITICAL ROLE

Johannesburg BUSINESS: DAY.in English 23 Jul 86 p 6

[Article by K H Hammonds]

[Text]

ast February, in an action
that provoked international
publicity and debate, Gen-

eral Motors MD Bob White
wrote in a Port Elizabeth news-
aper that his company would
Foot the legal expenses of any
non-white arrested for trespass-
ing on the city’s white beaches.

A month belore, the Federated
Chamber of Industries published a
“charter of social, economic and
political rights” committing itself
to “influencing government and all
political parties and groups” in
ending discriminatory laws and
practices.

And in June, 82 members of the
American Chamber of Commerce
in SA signed advertisements ap-
pearing in newspapers across the
country. The advertisement, head-
lined: “We must get it together”,
called for the release of political
detainees, immediate negotiation
with black leaders on power-shar-
ing, political rights for all and re-
peal of the Group Areas Act.

SA business has entered the po -
tical arena. In the last year, both
local and foreign-owned com-
panies have expanded the tradi-
tional interpretation of corporate
social responsibility to include ac-
tions that directly question and
confront government policy.

For most executives here, it is

an unfamiliar role. Only in the last °

decade have many SA operations
concerned themselves with the
question of social responsibility at
all, and many say they feel uneasy
with the new emphasis on political
participation.

Docs, actions like White's —
which he later described as an “in-
stinctive reaction”, made without

consulting his superiors in Detroit,
have left SA executives and aca-
demics with some sobering, com-
plicated ethical questions:
© Does businesses have a right and
a responsibility to employ its eco-
nomic resources in initiating what
it sees as social change?
Of so, can business legitimately
participate in the political pro-
cess? Or should it limit its pressure
for social change to its own inter-
nal environment — in guarantee-
ing equal opportunity and equal
pay, for example — and to usin;
pre-tax profits to implemen
charitable educational and cultur-
a] programmes?
OIf so, what practical form. 0”
political involvement will bring
results?
Os civil disobedience and politi-
cal confrontation in general an ef-
fective route for business to take?
The answer to the first question,
for most executives, is clear-cut.
The long-accepted view of US
economist Milton Friedman that
the social good is and must be de-
fined by market processes — and
that efforts by executives to direct

resources to “socially responsible”
functions that do not maximise
profitability are “subversive” —
appears to have lost favour in Jo-
hannesburg.

“I start from the viewpoint that
we are corporate citizens, and that
as citizens we are concerned about
the socio-political environment we
operate in,” says J Walter Thomp-

86

son chairman Robert Irving. “A
company has a right to stand up
and be counted.”

Sone executives say that, given
the current crisis in SA and the
erceived inability of government
‘0 act in the interest either of busi-
ness or of the communities busi-
ness serves, the decision to act in a
socially responsible manner now
requires political involvement.
‘eluctantly, yes,” answers Pick
’n Pay chairman Raymond Acker-
man, who himself has long pushed
for an end to apartheid through
non-business channels, “We have a
significant historical role to play,
and that is why we have to get.

involved in politics.”

Others, like SA Perm MD Bob
Tucker, say business should avoid
the political route. Companies,
Tucker says, should concentrate on
encouraging social change by im-
proving the way they do business
— a “socially responsible way of
travelling”.

Most executives interviewed
agreed with Tucker that direct
confrontation was, most likely,
counter-productive. “The last
thing we want to appear is con-
frontational,” says Hewlett-Pack-
ard MD Marius Furst.

At the same time, however,
Furst and most others applaud
White's initiative in PE — an ac-
tion that can hardly be seen as co-
operative — although some won-
dered whether it had any
appreciable impact. “If a similar



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

PAPER NOTES MILITANT HISTORY OF SAAWU

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 26 Jun 86 p 21

[Article by Mike Siluma]

[Text]

The struggle of the South ;
African Allied Workers’!
Union (Saawu), whose |

leaders were this week
acquitted of treason
charges in Maritzburg,
encapsulates the heavy
odds faced by black
unions in organising
workers.

Charges against Saawu
President Mr Thozamile
Botha, secretary Mr Sisa
Njikelana, treasurer Mr
Jsaac Ngcobo and Dur-
ban branch secretary Mr
Sam Kikine were with-
drawn by Mr Justice
Milne after the State de-
cided not to proceed with
prosecution.

CHARGED

The four -- with 12
United Democratic Front
leaders — were- initially
variously charged with
treason, terrorism and/or
furthering the aims of the
African National Con-
gress. Proceedings
against the other accused
were dropped last De-
cember. All accused had
been out on bail since
May 1984.

‘The allegations against
the four specifically ré-
ferred to the period from
1981 -- when Saawu was
at its strongest — until
1985.

The union, formed in
1978, was one of the most
militant to organise
black workers in the
post-Wiehahn era The
fastest growing Union at
the time, Saawu soon
called a national boycott’
of Wilson Rowntree prod-
ucts after its members
were fired at the com-
pany’s plant in East Lon-
d

jon.

The boycott call was
followed by the forma-
tion of community and
student support commit-
tees — giving further im-
petus to moves in some
union circles for closer
co-operation between
unions and community
groups. Such moves were
rejected by other union-
ists.

Saawu's approach was
not to lead to a union as
strong on the factory
floor as its founders
would have liked, but it

did play a part in the
highly politicised Con-
gress of SA Trade
Unions-style unionism.
Saawu also to become a
founder member of Cosa-

tu,

Later Saawu played a
leading role in the pro-
tracted Mdantsane, Kast
London, bus boycott in
1983.

And when the UDF
was established, Saawu
was one of the first mem-
ber unions.

While at the pinnacle
of its strength, Saawu
might have been a source
of worry to many em-
ployers, it was perhaps
its bold involvement in
political issues which
placed it on a collision
course with both the Gov-
ernment and the home-
land authorities.

And while life was
made uncomfortable for
independent unions for
their opposition to the

apartheid and the home-
lands; Saawu was the
first union to be banned
in the homelands — first
in Ciskei and then in
Transkei.

19317
C80: 3400/160

81



The Elf industrial center, so designated for project purposes, involves the
construction of service areas, storage areas, and roads, and it cost is
estimated at $5 million. Its completion is expected by 25 August this year.

The National Fuel Society (SONANGOL) plans to establish offices at Soyo also
as part of a project that will cost about $433,000.

In order to guarantee the storage and maintenance of its equipment and mater-
ials, SONANGOL also plans to complete the construction of a warehouse by
this August.

Finally, Kwanda base will include a 20-room hotel with a conference center
for the use of oil company personnel and other visitors.

The hotel project, contracted to NPL International AB (Swiss) and Astaldi
International as a sub-contractor, is already well along toward completion,
and is estimated that it will cost about $700,000.

So, the oil industry has served as a stimulus for the economic development
of Soyo after only 5 years of activity, a time span that represents a third
of the time expected to be necessary for oil extraction at a commercially
viable level.

Other economic sectors in the Soyo region, such as agriculture, will prob-
ably also be developed as a result.

12857/6662
CsO: 3442/264



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

NEW REGULATIONS GOVERNING NRA SOLDIERS DETAILED

Kampala THE EQUATOR in English 14 Jul 86 p 12

[Text]

/12828
cso:

AUCURKVING to NRA top autnori-
ties, NRA soldiers, who leave their camps
without authorityére subject to severe
displinary action. 4 °

Informed sources have reaveled that
already the operation to net all NRA
fighters who are out of camp without
proper documents is on. an

ror sometime now a number of NRA
lighters ‘have been seen in uniform car-
‘rying weapons among civilians, Now it is
mandatory for a fighter to have la
pass from his responsible offcer, 2. If
armed, he must have a document indica-
ting the typé of the gun and the ammu-
nition on him. 3. Must have a forwar-
ding letter to the officer in whose area
he is going to stay and the number of
cays be is to’ stay there.

Information available has it that quite
a number of NRA fighters have been
netted during the improptu toad-blokes
that have been manned on verious roads
by NRA in Kampala and surbubs.

At the sametime many. NRA imper-

3400/344

sonators have been apprebended at the.

same roadblokes. Many of these imper-
sonators were said to be UNLA men.

According to one senior official of
NRA, the operational cade of conduct
long instituted in the NRA forces will
have to be adhered to very vigorously
from now on. 1 .

The code was appropriately followed
during the days when NRA was in the
bush, and helped greatly to instil dis-
Pline in NRA forces, Now it is the same
code that may be invoked to act appro-
priately on idle and disordery fighters.

It should be remembered that. ever
since he assumed power President Muse-
veni has been stressing the need to have
 truebly national and highly displined
army, unlike in the past when the army
was anti-people,

sl

UGANDA



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

PICK 'N PAY CHAIN PLANNING MOVES INTO BLACK MARKET

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 21 Jul 86 p 3

{Article by Dianna Games]

[Text] ALTHOUGH plans were under way the country’s biggest retailer, outstrip-
for moves into the black market, ping OK Bazaars in total turnover.
Pick 'n Pay would only do that in Last year's turnover was F225bn and
collaboration vith black Pek ‘ng yest shuld be aout RAB
Pay chairman Raymond Ackerman be, but was still 10%-11% up on last

“And Ackerman said that while there year, and pusiness for the year $0 far’
was a great need for supermarkets in predicted a few months ago”.
black areas, Pick ’n Pay did not want to ‘That was despite the hard knock Pick
eure out of business black entrepre- ‘n Pay had taken with the strike earlier
Citing the examples of the Mitchell’s this Year said Pick'n Pay had decid-
Plain supermarket in Cape Town where ed to cut down on its expansion to pre-
the coloureds in the area hold 51% of the vent the-risk of over-trading the mar-
equity, and Bisho in the Ciskei where the ket, but that did not mean the chain,
government invited Pick 'n Pay to take which has 80 supermarkets and 12
Paria thee lees expansion would be hypermarkets countrywide, was” in
" trouble.
It was hoped the formula could be id:
used in other black areas, and that anew He said: “Instead of cight new flores
supermarket in Mmabatho, Boputhats- the Country is oversstored in the whit
wana, was on the cards for next year, at the countr we will not be employing
the invitation of the eS ores con: additional staff for these. stores, but
sidering another way into the black mar- moving some of our existing staff into
air de under way, But he Stressed no people would be
eae, ry - retrenched.
He said its policy had never been to id: “4 i
play out the matter in terms of black h Ackerman said: If ee in rescone to
and white consumers but to construct nore ope deiende there is pn one
“suburban stores” with large parking way to do it and that is to open tnore
areas fo Serve a car-owning population stores with existing people,
urban and Cape Town, the stores “We have to be more efficient in order
had attracted a massive coloured and to ensure out survival
Indian clientele.
Ackerman said Pick 'n Pay was now
/12828
cso: 3400/150

93



JPRS-SSA- 86-087
26 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

EMEGRATION INQUIRIES INCREASE AFTER EMERGENCY

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 20 Jun 86 p 11

[Text]

The declaration of the state of
emergency in South Afrlea :
does not appear to have had an :
immediate effect on emigra-
tion statistics — but more peo-
ple are making inquirles about
leaving the country, several
foreign consulates revealed.

Mr Theodor Siedenburg, vice
consul for the Netherlands,
sald more passports had been
Issued this year, but it was dif-
ficult to say whether this was
linked to the political situation.

It was too early to ‘tell
whether the announcement of
the state of emergency had had
-an effect on statistics, he sald.

“We have had a Jot inquiries
— much more than normal —
particularly from youngsters
trying to establish whether
they have any rights to Dutch
citizenship or passports. This is
definitely linked to the political
situation,” he sald.

It was difficult to keep track
of Dutch nationals entering and
leaving the country because
the consulate was not always
informed. Often travel docu-
ments were already in order.

There were still people en-
tering South Africa from the
Netherlands, although this
trend was on the decline.

‘There was definitely no rush
of people clamouring at the
consulate doors to apply for
passports.

“But every day we have a
few calls from Hollanders in-
quiring about going bome. This

is only the tip of the iceberg as
many are familiar with condi-
tions there themselves, or just
ask friends.

“I do not think people would

leave just because of the impo-,

sition of the state of emergen-
ey.
“People wishing to leave the
country are hampered by fac-
tors such as the unfavourable
exchange rate,” he said.

Contributing to the reasons ‘

for people wishing to return to
Holland was the unemploy-
ment situation. People would
rather go to Holland where
they could enjoy soctal security
benefits, he said.

Austrian consul Mr Gerhard
Dedic said there had been a
definite increase in the number
of Austrians inquiring about
the possibility of going back to
Austria. :

“It is too carly to say wheth-
er the state of emergency has

affected the situation,” he said.

There had been a Jot of South '-

Africans trying to lay claim to
Austrian passports, but this
was not easy because of its
strict immigration laws.”

People appeared to be
sounding out the emigration
situation, but there was no rush
on passport applications, he
said,

He said there were still in-
» stances of people leaving South
Africa and returning after a
while,

It was difficult to say wheth-
er there had been an increase
in West German nationals leav-

72

ing the country, a spokesman
for the West German consul
general said. .

He said the demand for pass-
ports was normal and was not
dependent on the internal South
African situation.

There had definitely been no
rush for passports.

A Canadian consulate
spokesman said there had been
an increase in the number of
people applying for Canadian
passports but this was due to a
relaxing of the immigration
laws and not to the South Afri-
can situation.

Emigrant interest in Canada
was as high as usual, he said.

A United States consulate
spokesman said they had re-
ceived more telephone calls
from people Inquiring about
the possibility of living in the
United States.

This interest had been main-



Race for Peace

Meanwhile, the schedule of celebrations to commemorate the llth anniversary of
the winning of national independence included a race through the streets of
Xai-Xai run by a number of individuals, an event called the Race for Peace, in
response to the appeals issued by the National Commission on the International
Year of Peace (a body recently established in the country).

This event was held under the auspices of the Provincial Physical Education
and Sports Department, a body subordinate to the Provincial Education and
Culture Office.

According to a source involved in the organization of the Race for Peace in
Xai-Xai, more than 30 individuals participated. Francisco Tivane deserves
special credit, this same source said, since he was the oldest runner in the
race.

This source also said that the race began in Pontinha (lower part of the city)
and ended at the Praia crossing (upper part of the city). First, second and
third prizes, which were not described on this occasion, were awarded,

It should be emphasized that this is the first event of this sort to be
sponsored in Xai-Xai.

The source at the Provincial Physical Education and Sports Department went on
to say that plans call for the holding of more events of this kind and other
similar ones, designed basically to encourage the residents of the city of
Xai-Xai to consider the question of peace, not only in this country, but in
other parts of our continent and the world, seriously.

5157
CS0:3442/259

33



HIGHER FOREIGN CHARGES IMPEDING IMPORTS

Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 21 Jul 86 p 24

[Article by Ngozi Ikeand]

[Excerpt]
ONFIRMING
charges for Nige-

rian imports have

risen to between 18

and 20 per cent

following the drying
oP of credit lines.

They are now also

payable in foreign
exchange.

According to a survey
conducted by ‘Industry

News’ (a publication of
the Manufacturers
Association of Nigeria),
(MAN) Nigeria stands
tu lose about 20 per cent
of her export earnings
this year because of the
high import confirming
charges demanded by
finance houses abroad
and payable in foreign
exchange.

Formerly, the banks
charged about two per
cent of the value of the
import as confirming
charges for all import
valid for foreign
exchange. Payment of
such charges were also
formerly in local. cur-

rency.

The difficulty
presently being expe-
rienced’ by Nigerian

firms in getting credit

lines fot imports is
traceable to the trade
/12828

CSO: 3400/148

arrears owed commer-
cial bank creditors and
which according to
‘Industry News’ “were
not serviced on the basis
of past arrangements.”

Kigerian creditors are
insisting that Nigeria’s
economic recovery
(structural adjustment)

rogramme be endorsed
is the International

lonetary Fund (IMF)
before they would agree
to reschedule outstan-
ding debts and open up
more credit lines for the
country.

Meanwhile, it was
learnt that an IMF team
visited Nigeria last week
to assess. Nigeria’s
structural adjustment
programme, particularly
proposed modalities for
the Second-tier foreign
exchange market,
Industrialists are
eagerly: awaiting the
IMF's approval of the
contry’s . structural
adjustment programme.

The main policie
structural adjustment
programme are: correction
of the over-valued naire.
exchange rate through the
setting up: of a viable and

45

substantial Second-tier
foreign exchange market;
rationalisation (privatisa-
tion) of public sector enter-
prises and improved public
expenditure — programme;
inducements to attract a
net inflow of foreign capital
and amelioration of the
external debt burden.

Owing. to the restriction
of ‘credit lines, government
has suggested that the
vehicle assembly group
solicit for medium and long
term foreign loans for the

importation of CKD to keep
the assembly lines in
operation.

‘According to ‘Industry
News,’ “the auto makers
appear optimistic on short
term loans but doubt the
possibility of medium and
long term loans as put
forward by the
government.” An industria-
list pointed out that dnly
multi-national firms .could
explore that option for their
local defaulting subsidia-
Ties.

fe cautioned that such
“soft” approach to sustain
Socal subsidiaries by their
parent companies should be
monitored effectively as it
could lead to over-invoicing
and other abuses.

JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

NIGERIA



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

NEW ISLAMIC NEWSPAPER--A newly found; Islamic Newspaper (AlMisbah) is to

be launched tomorrow at Bichi Teachers College during the official opening
session of the second Islamic Training Programme. The newspaper is published
by the Kano State area unit of the Muslim Students Society of Nigeria

M.S.S. The paper according to its pbulishers is produced to fill the gap
created by the absence of any Islamically oriented newspaper. Reporting
Islam, by covering Islamic activities nationwide and advancing the cause

and aspirations of the Muslims are to preoccupy the paper. [Text] [Kano

THE TRIUMPH in English 18 Jul 86 p 13]/12828

BREAD FROM CORN FLOUR--The Flour Mills of Nigeria Limited (FMNL) has applied
for import licence for machinery to convert some of its wheat flour mills to
corn flour producing mills. This was made known in Lagos yesterday by the
Mill's Director of Personnel, Mr. Bola Olaniyi. Mr. Olaniyi said that an
implementation committee had been set up by the company to work out the
possibility of using corn flour for baking bread. The committee consists

of millers, bakers and representatives of the ministries of agriculture

and science and technology. He said that the mill was currently operating
at 20 per cent capacity--about 380 tonnes a day-and had only sacked 94
senior employees. No junior staff had been touched, Mr. Olaniyi told the
News Agency of Nigeria (NAN). The Federal Government announced recently
that wheat importation into the country would be banned beginning from
January next year. [Text][Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 19 Jul 86 p 32]/12828

IMPORT LICENSE PROBLEM--Lever Brothers Nigeria Limited makers of Omo deter-
gent, has closed down its Omo plant because of shortage of raw materials.
The closure last week, will last for six weeks and may be extended if the
raw materials situation does not improve at the end of the period. This
was made known to the Daily Times last week by the chairman of the company,
Mr. Adeoye Abidogun. He was silent on the fate of the other brands of

soap which the company also manufactures. Abidogun said although, the
company applied for N141,800,000 import license last year, only 443 million
was approved. He said that "the situation this year is even worse than
what obtained last year. "This year, we applied for ¥212,200,000 import
licence for our raw materials but received approval for a mere N40 million,
the bulk of which was received only on June 4." [Excerpt][Lagos DAILY TIMES
in English 21 Jul 86 p 3]/12828

DRUG DEATH SENTENCES REDUCED--Several Nigerians who are awaiting death by
firing squad for trafficking in hard drugs have had their convictions
reduced to prison terms. Those affected are Mrs Gladys Iyamah, mother of
some handicapped children and whose death sentence was commuted to 10
years imprisonment by the Armed Forces Ruling Council. Others are Mrs Sadiat
Musa, 7 years; Miss Alice Bassey Udo, 10 years; Miss Moronke’Fausa’ Lawal,
10 years; Alhaja Sidikatu Tairu, 10 years; Shola Oguntayo, 10 years; Mr
Jimmy Ladipo Adebayo, 10 years and Tajundeen Adelaja, 12 months. Other
Nigerians convicted for illegal dealing in petroleum products and who
received death sentences also had their sentences reduced. Some of those
affected are Cyprian Obi, 10 years; Jonathan Nonyelu, 12 months; Vincent
Agulannah, six months and Anthony Owo, 12 months. [Text][Lagos DAILY TIMES
in English 18 Jul 86 p 16]/12828

CSO: 3400/148

50



WARRI, KADUNA OIL REFINERIES INCREASING CAPACITY

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 16 Jul 86 p 16

{Article by Ibrahim Biu]

[Text]

/12828

EXPANSION work otherwise
known as the de-bottlenecking of
the Warri and Kaduna oil
refineries to increase their pro-
cessing capacities of crude oil by
20 per cent involving about 50
million Naira has now almost
been completed.

When completed, the process-
ing capacity of the Warri refinery
would be increased from the pre-
sent 100,000 barrels of crude oil
per day to 125,000 barrels of crude
oil daily while that of Kaduna
refinery would be increased from
40.00 to 60,000 barrels of crude
oil daily.

This was conlirmed by both the
manager of the Warri refinery
Mr. A. I. Akele and the General
Manager of the Kaduna Refinery
Engineer B.A. Soyode when
newsmen visited the two projects
during the week.

CsO: 3400/148

Mr. Ekele explained that con-
tract for the debottling of the
Warri refinery was awarded to
an Italian company Snamproget-
ti of Milan and was expectedtobe
completed either in April or May
next year.

The manager explained that
the major work involved in the
de-bottlenecking contract would
be replacement of certain vital
equipment in the project.

He said as at now, the refinery
produces large quantity of

asoline, kerosine, aviation fuel,
iquefied petroleum gas.

He said work on the de-
bottlenecking estimated to cost 20
million Naira which started more
than one year ago is expected to
be completed soon.

46

JPRS-SSA-86.-¢
087
26 August 1996

NIGERIA



of th irily police for
perm ‘on to do so,

Letters written re-
questing such visits
should contain the full
names, identity number,
idential and work ad-
dress and telephone
numbers of the person
requesting permi:
Where permission is
sranted, the visit: is
limited to a single visit
every J4 days and cach
additional visit will re-
quire a further applica-
tion.

Jt may be advisable to
telephone the police
office after a few days in
advance in order to as-
n the outcome of
application. If per-
on granted to
sit the detainee, ap-
proval must also be ob-
tained from the com-
manding officer of the
relevant prison who will
determine the visiting
hours (e.g. Tuesday 2pm
to 3pm). Once the appli-
cation has been ap-
proved, the relevant
prison then regulates
the actual visit e.g. date,
ti and duration of
vi

it.
Legal representatives
may only visit detainees
once they have obtained

sion by way of a
en application from
the Minister of Law and
Order or the Commis
sioner of South African
Police, Pretoria

( n officials may
visit detainees in their
official capacity (e.g.
judges) and the detainee
is entitled to discuss any
complaints or problems
or to make representa-
tions to such person re-
garding the conditions of
detention ete,

Ministers of religion
or religious workers ap-
pointed in terms of the
Prisons Act are entitled
to visit detainees. How-
ever detainees’ personal
ministers of religion

ay only visit them with
pproval of the Com-
ssioner of Police.

ferms of the regula-

13104
cso: 3400/245

tions, detainees must
when admilted to prison
be examined by the
medical officer of the
relevant prison who is
required to visit detain-
ecs regularly during
their detention.

Where detainees re-
quire specific medical
or dental treatments, the
detainee's personal doc-
tor, dentist, gynaecolo-
gist, etc should bring
this to the attention of
the medical officer, The
medical officer must
also be made aware of
any specific medical
conditions pertaining to

any particular detainee

(eg. hay fever, asthma,
visual requirements —
.contact lenses, periodic

‘headaches, gynaecologi-

cal problems, etc).
Where the detainee
has a particular psycho-
logical or psychiatric
complaint or condition,
his/her personal psy-
chologist, psychiatrist or
private doctor should
advise the prison medi-
cal officer accordingly.
The rules provide that
detainees shall receive
exercise in the open air
for at least one hour per
day, weather permitting.
However, no detainee
shall be forced to under-

take any such exercise.

Detainees are entitled
to receive the following:

@ A reasonable supply
of clothing may be taken
to the prison where the
detainee is being held
and the rules. provide
that such clothing shall
be washed by the detain-
ee him/herself. ‘There
does not appear to be
any clear interpretation
as to what in fact consti-
tutes a reasonable sup-
ply of clothing. However,
an unnecessary duplica-
tion of clothes will not
be permitted and cloth-
ing such ‘as tracksuits,
jerseys, socks etc are ad-
visable.

@ Detainees are not
permitted to receive any
foodstuffs, cigarettes or
bedding. However they
are entitled to receive a
reasonable amount of
money (the amount at
present is R20 per week

75

per detainee although
this. amount varies from
prison to prison) in
order to buy cigarettes,
toiletries and certain
foods such as fruit, pro-
cessed cheese, biscuits
etc, The amount of mon-
ey is held on account for
the detainee by the pris-
on and family members
or friends bringing such
amount to the prison are
advised to obtain a re-
ceipt therefor.

@ Detainees may re-
ceive selected reading
material which is lin
ed to the Bible or any
other holy book of reli-
mn and selected maga-
zines which are supplied
to him/her by the prison
library. Detainees shall
not be permitted to
study unless they have
been granted permis-
sion to do so by the com-
maniding officer of the
prison in question and
the Commissioner of
Police.

Likewise, detainees
may not communicate in
writing with any person
outside the prison ie.
write letters except with
the permission of the
Commissioner of Police
and the commanding of-
ficer of the particular
prison.

The provisions set out
above are taken directly
from the regulations and
rules issued in terms of
the Public’ Safety Act
and are based primarily
on information supplied
by the commanding offi-
cer of the security police
in Cape Town.

These provisions are
not uniform, nor do they
necessarily have appli-
cation to every prison or
police station. They
should be seen as guide-
lines and an illustration
of the workings of the
rules and regulations.

Family members,
friends and Icgal repre-
sentatives of detainees
should confirm that they
apply to their particular
detainee.



Imperfect and inade
quate as it was, the
system had at least
provided a sound and
effeetive base on which
to build better and far
nore effective second-
tier government.

Mr Swart said Mr
Heunis had admitted
that he was not getting
rid of the system be-
cause if had been a
failure but because it
“must meet the re-
quirements of the gen-
eral political goal of
the Government”.

The Governmemt
was attempting to
mould every form of
representation into a
compartmentalised
group based on race
“to conform with the
disastrous tricamaral

He said Mr Heunis
‘going to bend,
st and mould every
other structure to fit
into the tricameral
system”,

Mr Swart was par-
ticularly concerned
about the political ap-
pointment of the new
executives and the loss
of “original legislative
powers”.

He apreed that Par-
liament always had re-
sidual legislative
powers in provincial
affairs, but the power
of the provinces to leg-

/13104
cso: .3400/244

islate was being re-
moved.

If the removal of the
power to legislate was
final, it created a seri-
ous position.

The State President
had said the legislation
to establish the new
system would not pre-
empt decisions made
at the indaba, and the
Government's door re-
mained open to repre-
sentations made from
the indaba.

And what was being
{discussed at the indaba
was a single legislative
authority for the com-
bined area of
Natal/KwaZulu.

He expressed con-
cern that the removal
of the legislative
powers of the province
truncated to a consid-
erable extent over the
years, it is equally true
that each time provin-
cial rights have been
threatened (this) has.
been vigorously resist-
ed by the Natal elec-
torate.”

Mr Swart believed
that Natal was now
being confronted with
the coup de grace and
the Government had
decided that the pro-
vincial system must be
swept aside.

“I believe it is a sad
and tragic day for us
all.”

85

in effect meant the
door was being closed
on the indaba.

Mr Swart said the
legislation establishing
the Joint Executive
Authority for KwaZulu
and Natal was not the
same thing as the tar-
get of the indaba. |

The JEA was a use-
ful exercise and would
shelp rationalise the ad-
ministrative functions
of the two regions.

But it was a prelude
to something far more
meaningful for the re-
gion.

The people of Natal

wanted more than a
mere administrative
accord.
' The Indaba was
working hard to pres-
ent the Government
with a package which
could provide a legisla-
tive assembly with
original powers.

Summing up the new
system, Mr Swart said:
“We believe it is a
piece of legislation
which breaks faith
with the past and
which extends the ra-
cially-based trica-
meral system, under-
mines the principle of
elected representation,
and ignores the rights
of blacks at provincial
government level.”



/12828
cso:

3400/148

traditional character, it is not necessarily indicative
of the Sultanate succession race: some of the mem-
bers are not much younger than the Sultan himself.

Two of the’ strongest contenders for the throne
are Shehu Malami, Sarkin Sudan, and Ibrahim Dan-
suki, the Baraden Sokoto, who feels disappointed
that Babangida has ignored his recommendation on
chiefs in the recently announced new local govern-
ment legislation. Dansuki’s report on local govern-
ment, commissioned by Buhari and inherited by
Babangida, made a strong case for upgrading the
authority of traditional rulers. But Lagos decided to
confer on professional civil servants the functions
Dansuki had envisaged for chiefs (AC Vol. 27 No.
11). Another great believer in the political role of
traditional rulers is Umaru Shinkafi, who received
the title of Marafin Sokoto last year, after his
marriage to the late Sir Ahmadu Bello’s daughter.

Shinkafi may feel that he, too, has been slighted
by Babangida. A former director of the NSO, he
was commissioned last year to carry out an urgent
investigation into the NSO and its malpractices under
Buhari. Although the recommendations for the
improvement of the NSO contained in his report
have not been published, we understand they did
not include the dismantling of the organisation -
which is what Babangida mire or less did last month
when he announced a wide-ranging shake-up of the
security apparatus.’

Footnote

1. Intelligence will be handled by three new bodies: thé States
Security Services (SSS), which will deal with domestic intelligence;
the National Intelligence Agency (NIA), charged with external
security; and the Defence Intelligence Agency (DIA), to operate
in the military sphere. Coordination will be handled by Brig.
Allyu Mohammed, a former head of military intelligence.

40



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26° AUGUST. 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS
ANGOLA

Chirac Statement on UNITA Support Discussed
(O JORNAL, 29 May-5 Jun 86) ..ececcecccccccccccccvecseeees

Italian Industrial Group Meets With Officials
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 10 Jun 86) ..cscecccccccvcvececsccscees

Law on Foreign Technical Assistants Approved in Luanda
(DIARIO DE NOTICIAS, 3 Jun 86) .cccecescecccccccscvccececs

Soyo Development Plan Costs, Foreign Cooperation Reported
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 10 Jun 86) .ccceccsesccrecccervcceecces

Luanda-Addis Ababa Air Link Inaugurated
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 7 Jun 86) .ececsecececcceecscenccceeecs

Production of Construction Materials in Huila Shows Promise
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 6 Jun 86) ..

Director of Water, Sanitation Company Describes Inefficiency
(Ricardo Bango Interview; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 6 Jun 86) ....

Lunda-Norte Province Faces Supply Problems
(Mauricio Pereira Interview; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 5 Jun 86)

Huambo Provincial Commissar Visits Ukuma
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 5 Jun 86) .escscccccccsccccccccecvscece

Namibe's Agricultural, Cattleraising Potential Reported
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 12 Jun 86) ...ccsccccecceccccscecescees

Briefs
State Security Official Detained
Portuguese Military Cooperation Criticized

10

11

15

v7

18

21


JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT BACKTRACKING ON BANTUSTANS RESIDENTS STATUS
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 28 Jul 86 p 6

[Text] The most dire predictions of the Left have been fulfilled by
government's reversion to a form of grand apartheid which treats residents
of Venda, Bophuthatswana, Ciskei and Transkei as aliens in SA,

Verwoerdian ideologues, waving their sociology degrees in blissful ignorance
of the laws of economics, have found a way to reimpose their notions of
regional development and ethnic social engineering. Grand apartheid,
somewhat modified, is back in all its vainglory.

The TBVC residents, unless they are among the relatively small number regarded
as "permanent residents" from those territories, are worse off than before

the repeal of the pass laws and the suspension of influx control. They are
treated as if they were Nigerians.

At the same time, employers have been warned that they face fines of up
to R5000 for hiring "unauthorised" South Africans from the TBVC regions.

There we have, recreated, the basis for the entire, miserable business of
labour controls, squatters, passes, raids, trials, imprisonment and
population removals that has turned the black population into an angry,
revolutionary mass.

And there, too, is the basis for the limitless waste of a system of
bureaucratic interference with the economy.

The most dedicated enemies of the National Party, the cynics who mocked
reform as a fraud, are vindicated; those gullible folk who took President
Botha at his word and gave reform a chance have been tricked. The old
Nationalist skelmstreek--the cunning trick--of deceiving reality by changes
of nomenclature has been hauled out once again.

The details of the new system are less worrying than the mindset which
lies beneath it: a lingering belief that the Bantustans can still be
tevived and made to work.

The idea that white South Africans can be separated from African realities
by the creation of ethnic "mini-republics" has been thoroughly discredited
by a century of failure. Not even the arrest and imprisonment of 17-mil-
lion people--a tally that Stalin might have admired--was sufficient to make
the idea workable.

63



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

and gasoline and selling the blended mixture to unsuspecting motorists as
petrol and diesel, because they made about 900 cent profit, since a tin of
kerosine is bought from the NNPC at only ten kobo while petrol is 39 kobo
and diesel at 20 kobo and more than this amount in villages. The manager
said petrol dealers also blended kerosine and diesel which they also sold
to unsuspecting people at 21 kobo per tin, instead of the ten kobo they
would normally have made. He said reports available to him indicated that
enough quantity of kerosine was being produced according to specifications
of the NNPC but that the dubious activities of some petrol dealers deprived
the public of such kerosine. [Excerpt][Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English

16 Jul 86 p 9]/12828

MINNA ROAD PROJECT--The federal government has awarded a 810 million contract
for the construction of a new road to link Minna with Kakali, near Paiko,
in Niger State, the Federal Controller of Works in the state, Mr. S.S.
Adedugbe, said yesterday in Minna. Conducting the Minister of Works and
Housing, Alhaji Abubakar Umar, on tour of Minna-Paiko Road, Mr. Adedugbe
said that construction of the road would begin in September. He said

that the new road would bypass the dangerous bends and narrow Chanchaga
River bridge which had constituted a problem to drivers plying Paiko-Minna
Road. Meanwhile, the minister has ordered the management of a construction
company, Nigeria North Ltd., to furnish him with details of payments made
to the company on the federal secretariat project in Minna. The minister,
who was inspecting the project, observed that the work was not fast enough
and advised the company not to expect full payment before the project was
completed. [Text][Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 17 Jul 86 p 9]/12828

POLITICIANS' RESTRICTION NOT PUNITIVE--The Minister of Justice and Attorney-
General of the Federation, Prince Bola Ajibola, has said the provisions

of Decree 2 would be reviewed as soon as the backlog of cases of detention
was cleared. The minister who was speaking on Tuesday in Abeokuta at the
10th anniversary luncheon of the Ogun branch of the Nigerian Bar Association,
said the degree was not as bad as people feared. He said the government
extended the three months detention period initially stipulated by the
decree to six months to take care of detainees who had already served more
than three months. Prince Ajibola said more than 2,000 detainees had been
released since the present administration assumed office. He said the
restriction of all former politicians to their local government areas was
to ensure that they were available anytime they were needed by the govern-
ment and that the restriction was not meant to punish them. The Attorney-
General said plans were under way to computerise court proceedings to make
for speedier disposal of cases and to help decongest the prisons. Earlier,
the Ogun State Chief Judge, Mr. Justice Babasanya Craig, had said the judicial
divisions in the state had grown from two to six in the last decade. He
said it was time court proceedings were computerised to save judges the
pains of writing. Mr. Justice Craig commended the state Governor, Colonel
Oladayo Popoola, for his good disposition to the judiciary. [Text] [Kaduna
NEW NIGERIAN in English 18 Jul 86 pp 1, 3]/12828

49



JPRS~SSA~86-087
26 August 1986

MAIZE EXPORTS FACING GLUT--Losses on the 2,2-million. tons of maize to be
exported this year could reach R360m if glutted conditions on world markets
persist. Maize Board GM Hennie Davel says maize is fetching $80 a ton
(about R200). At this price he estimates losses on exports are running. at
about R170 a ton. With the board's stabilisation fund in the red to the
tune of about R260m, the losses will be borne by producers. This year's
producer levy of R41 a ton should be just about enough to break the back of
expected losses. Davel says substantial exports have already been made to
Taiwan and Japan. He declines to give the quantities on contracts concluded
by the board. The balance of the surplus is earmarked for other destinations.
Nampo has warned farmers to cut back on plantings this year to avoid cata-
strophic losses on export surpluses. The warning is supported by the
Agricultural Union. [Text][Article by Gerald Reilly][Johannesburg BUSINESS
DAY in English 23 Jul 86 p 1]/12828

NO CHANGE IN IMMIGRATION POLICY--Pretoris is to continue with its policy of
reducing immigration levels--despite an alarming rise in imigration this
year. This was confirmed late last week by Home Affairs director-general
Gerrie van Zyl. He told BUSINESS DAY government would continue its 18-month
curb on immigration levels in the face of high unemployment in the country.
“The department has been told not to recruit on so-called open schemes,

but to focus on high-level manpower recruitment," Van Zyl said. Latest
Central Statistical Services (CSS) figures show a sharp drop in the number
of immigrants during the four months to April--2603 compared with 7959

over the same period last year. "But there will be no overseas recruitment
drive to balance the migration books," Van Zyl said. No advertisement aimed
at encouraging immigration to SA have been placed in overseas publications
for the last 18 months. Van Zyl attributed this year's low immigration
levels to government's austerity policy. Government would, however,
continue to scout abroad for professional and skilled workers to fill local
shortages. CSS figures show that 81 engineers immigrated to SA in the four
months to April, compared with 237 in the same period last year, Other

key professionals which show sharp losses are doctors 14 (62); accountants
19 (58) and educationists 41 (86). [Text][Article by Hamish McIndoe]
{Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 21 Jul 86 p 5]/12828 :

MECHANIZATION EFFECT ON MINING--The move from conventional to mechanised
mining will cut employment dramatically. When fully implemented, Randfontein's
labour force will be cut from 14000 to fewer than 10000. The force at
Western Areas will fall from 12000 to fewer than 8000. Details released
yesterday by Kennedy Maxwell, chairman of JCI's two gold mines, show how

the process will work. It calls for labour of a different kind, which will
have to be trained in the use of sophisticated machinery. It involves a
switch from conventional underground track mining techniques to the use

of trackless equipment--a process used successfully in opencast mines.
Mechanised mining reduces the mines’ labour dependency and "will enable

us to mine lower grades profitably", says Maxwell. Both Randfontein--
celebrating its 100th anniversary this year--and Western Areas are already
producing 150000 tons of ore a month by means of trackless mining techniques.
Ore tonnages will rise to 200000 to 250000 tones a month by the end of the
year at Randfontein, increasing to 500000 tons a month in two to three

years. At Western Areas, they will rise to 200000 tons and to 300000 tons

by the end of the decade. Although the changes require hugh capital invest-
ment by mining houses, the eventual result will be major savings in operating
costs. [Text][Article by Mervyn Harris and Cherily Ireton] [Johannesburg
BUSINESS DAY in English 16 Jul 86 p 1)/12828

cso: 3400/150

98



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

Francisco and Alberto de Almeida as assistant provincial commissars of Luanda.
Appointed yesterday in three other presidential decrees were Estevao Sebastiao
Rodrigues, assistant provincial commissar of Luanda-Sul, Mateus Domingos de
Sousa, assistant provincial commissar of Kuando-Kubango, and Lopes dos Santos,
assistant provincial commissar of Cabinda. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA
in Portuguese 10 Jun 86 p 1] 12942/9738

SWEARING-~IN CEREMONY--On Friday at Luanda, the president of the MPLA-Labor
Party and of the People's Republic of Angola, Jose Eduardo dos Santos, in his
capacity as commander—in-chief of the People's Armed Forces for the Liberation
of Angola (FAPLA), attended a swearing-in ceremony of new special troops of
the Presidential Regiment. During the ceremony, which was also attended by
Colonel Antonio dos Santos Franca (N'Dalu), of the political bureau of the
Party, chief of the General Staff of the FAPLA, and commander of the
Presidential Regiment, the troops carried’ out various demonstrations of en-
circlement of military interest. Also attending the ceremony were Lieutenant
Colonels Francisco Magalhaes Paiva (N'Vunda) and Domingos Hungo (SKS), both

of the Central Committee of the MPLA-Labor Party, the former chief of the
National Political Directorate of the FAPLA and the latter assistant commander
of the Presidential Regiment, along with other high-ranking officews. [Text]
[Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 7 Jun 86 p 1] 12942/9738

CSO: 3442/260

23



In addition, an oil factory recently installed in Namibe will be a reason for
increasing the production of olives, a product greatly prized and, we dis-
covered, cultivable only in this region of the country.

The factory mentioned, which is scheduled to start up next year, has a
capacity of 70 liters of oil per hour, obtained from 700 kg of olives.

The installation of this facotry not only lessens the problem of supplying
the population with oliveoil but also, as we could see, will make it possible
to utilize olives not suitable for canning.

Slow Development of Vineyards

Inacio Pereira offered some considerations about the development of vineyards,
which are less extensive than olive groves but also growable only in this
region.

‘According to him, in 1973 vineyards occupied an area of 60 hectares. Today
there are 53 hectares, most of which still remain ‘to be restored, and for
this reason the latest harvests have not been the best.

About 4 years ago, we learned, a team of Italian technicians engaged in a
so-called "technical project," the purpose of which was to restore and enlarge
the areas of grape cultivation. That project was "an authentic fiasco,"
Inacio Pereira unhesitatingly assured us, and he expressed a desire to get on
with some development projects "with waht there is."

Bananas Are Grown

Although generally cultivated in zones much farther north and very different
in climate, bananas are also grown here. It is a product greatly in demand
by the population of the area, for which reason its development was of
particular interest.

The total area of banana cultivation is now 38 hectares, with an intended
future area of 100 hectares.

At present 16 hectares of the 38 are in full production. ‘The rest con-
stitutes a new banana grove, not yet in production.

Citrus Fruit Is Grown in the North
Namibe is also a zone for growing citrus fruit, mangos, peaches, pears,
apples, melons and other fruits, because the. province enjoys the benefit

of varied climates, making possible the cultivation of products from other
regions.

19



Then the speaker at the occasion, First Party Secretary and Gaza Governor
Francisco Joao Pateguana, began by giving a brief history of what he called
“the work which our heroes, living and dead, did to make the birth of the
country on 25 June possible. He emphasized that our independence required a
great sacrifice by many, including their very lives,

He spoke of some of the socioeconomic and political achievements in the
province in the course of the last year, emphasizing that the results of some
of them have already reduced some of the problems experienced by its people.
However, he recognized that much still remains to be done. “It is now
necessary for us to establish specific goals for our advance, based on our
errors and successes," he said.

Party Must Command

He said that on all levels of society in the province, the party should assume
the commanding role in national economic recovery. He reiterated that in order
for this to become possible, it is essential that national unity be developed
on the level of the state apparatus, as an important factor in the achievement
of victory.

Sons of the State

"We are all sons of the same father. There is no difference among the state
enterprises, farm cooperatives and family and private producers. They.are all
children of the Mozambican state. The extent of the support received by each
individual will depend on the volume of his work, the level of his
responsibility and how he uses the resources made available to him, because
only thus can we eliminate hunger,” Francisco Pateguana said at a given point
in his discussion of the farm production problem in the province.

He urged the peasants to establish production associations to facilitate the
support with which the state should provide them, because in his view, many
problems could thus be jointly resolved. :

The delicate question of fuel was another issue taken up by this official. He
said that the bodies involved should, beginning now, study the proper
mechanisms for using fuel, because some anomalies have been seen in its
distribution. "There are permanent quotas for fuel. Amounts depend on the
quantity received, and distribution must be based on priorities. Agriculture
ranks first here,” the governor said. He added that even for those
individuals who have tractors, the fuel quantities provided mst be based on
the areas they have to work.

Another matter taken up by this official had to do with the improper use of
tractors. He said that there are individuals who convert tractors into public
transport vehicles, charging exorbitant prices, “Beginning today, everyone
who has a tractor should know that it must remain on the farm. Whether it is
state or privately owned, the tractor must remain on the farm. We do not want
to see tractors traveling everywhere at all hours,” Francisco Pateguana
proclaimed.

31



"APPALLING STATE' OF AGRICULTURAL CENTERS DESCRIBED

Kampala WEEKLY TOPIC in English 16 Jul 86 p 13

[Text]

The country’s major agricultural
development certres, Kawanda Research
Station and Namalele Machanisation Sta-
tion, plus their upcountry extension trial
centres are at a near standsfill. As a
result, failure to implement research pro-
grammes continue to be the worsening
fate of rural populaton that still depend
on the backward agricultural methods.
Efforts for the centres to take off are fur-
ther undermined by the delapidated in-
frastructure due tc long neglect and
series of lootings in the past regimes.

The salient problems at Kawanda
research station are a result of ruthless
looting and vandalism that the station
was subjected to following the 12 Sept
1985 skirmishes betweeen the NRA and
UNLA during the war that later outsted
Obote’s and Okello’s fascist govern:
ments. Property lost included laboratory
equimpemts, tools, chemicals, spares,
farm machinery, vehicles, drugs from the
dispensary and library books.

Infrastructure at the’ station like
residential quarters were bailly damaged.
At the moment houses are inhabitable
and the few research scientists reside out
in Kampala.

According to sources at the station,
rehabilitation of residence quarters and

transport are among the most urgent,
needs. In February this year the cost of
restoring door locks and switches alone
was estimated 5m/=. The figure could
now be over 10m/=. These were included
in suggestions put before the government
early this year.

Weekly Topic also learned that the
Uganda seed project, Masindi, lost all the
maize and groundnuts seed harvest which
coincided with war in the region.This pro-
ject is supposed to supply the country

/12828

CSO: 3400/344

with seeds, and this set back casts doubt
on the supply of those seeds for this sow-
ing season. Most of the variety trial cen-
tres—due to lack of farm inputs, super-
vison, transport—are engulfed in bush.
Currently some of them are said to be run
on individual basis by a few agricultural
officers in Connivance with the farm
managers to sell off experimental crop
products. Some experiemental food crops
like cassava have already found their way
into the markets without official approval
by the Ministry of Agriculture.

The story at Namalere Centre for
Agricultural Mechanisation is similarly
appalling. The station introduced in 1947
as a development scheme to experiment
the use of agricultural mechinery and
study factors affecting mechanical
cultivation in Uganda has stagnated since
the departure of expertriate staff in the
70's. The -calibre and technical com-
petence relaxed since then, and recom-
mendations made by several perfomarnce
investigation committes were partially or
not implemented at all, by the successive
governruents.

The station also experienced a series of
bad insecurity incidents since 1983, which
led to the loss of 17 members of staff
murdered in cold blood. Many staff opted
to stay out of the station, while others
wisely abandoned their jobs.

Lack of scientific and technological ad-
vancement has been the fate of rural
population. There is urgent need for at-
tention to the expansion of | scientific
research in the field of agriculture, in the
wider struggle for better standards of liv-
ing. The country could achieve great
scientific and technological progress,
because already the available agricultural
resources can provide more than enough
food for the coutnry.

55

JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

UGANDA

Research programmes designed to im-
prove the yields and quality of crops
through utilisation of land under local
conditions must thereforebe stepped up.
Otherwise the plan to diversity
agricultural production and reduce
dependence on cotton and coffee will
never seem to take off.



/12828
CSO:

3400/83

tained for several months.

There was no increase in the

number of passport applica-
tions.
@ In the first five months of
last year, 11496 fewer imuni-
grants came to South Africa
than in that period in 1984, and
2754 more people left the coun-
try than in the previous year.

‘According to figures issued
by the Central Statistics Ser-
vice in Pretorta, last year
17195 immigrants arrived in
South Africa during the first
five months of the year, the
Jowest number since 1981 when
41 429 came to the country.

‘The number of people Iqav-
ing the country over the same
period last year was 10709, the
highest number in five years.

In 1904 there were 28 691 im-
migrants in the first five
months of the year and 7955
emigrants. *

73



JPRS-SSA-96
087
26 August 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

FRENCH AMBASSADOR PRESENTS GIFT OF WHEAT
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 1 Jul 86 p 1

[Text] The ambassador of France to Mozambique, Serre Gerard, made a formal
presentation in Maputo yesterday morning of a gift to our country of 3,600
tons of wheat flour. The gift was accepted by Vice Minister of Trade Prakash
Ratilal at a ceremony held on the French ship Saint James, which has been in
port in this capital city since last Friday.

Speaking at the ceremony, Serre Gerard said that the wheat being presented is
a gift from the government of his country to support the Mozambican people.
who “despite the great potential in Mozambique for the production of this kind
of grain, cannot exploit that potential properly because of the war being
promoted by the imperialists against the country through the armed bandits."
He added that the gift symbolizes the friendly and cooperative relations
existing between France and Mozambique, and recalled that this is the third
time his country has made a gift of this sort to our country (and will not be
the last, since the Mozambican people need further aid).

Prakash Ratilal, in turn, speaking on behalf of the people and the government
of Mozambique, expressed thanks for the gift, stating that this wheat will
minimize the shortage of food, above all in the southern part of the country.

On this occasion, the vice minister emphasized the friendly and cooperative
relations existing between the two countries, expressing the view that they
will continue to increase daily. Prakash Ratilal recalled that France has
supported our country in various national development projects, notably those
in agriculture and the mineral resources sector, as well as others.

The wheat donated by France will be distributed in the provinces of Maputo,
Gaza, Inhambane and the capital city, our reporters learned from a source at
the Ministry of Trade.

The photograph was taken at the port of Maputo as the unloading of the wheat
began.

5157
CS0:3442/259

25



T.. FRs may be reinvested in
listed shares.

When FRs are used to buy
shares in Johannesburg, the broker
presents the scrip and the broker’s
note to the bank. The bank then
endorses’ the share certificate

“non-resident” and pays the broker *

in commercial rands which are
converted from the FR balances.
This means the “pool” of FRs has
been reduced by the transaction
but this “Joss” is balanced by the
value of the newly acquired asset.

Again, these deals do not touch
the Reserve Bank’s reserves. They
have been financed entirely by FR
bookkeeping.

When the emigrant receives his
F100 000 from his “ordinary” rand
bank balances, the bank converts
these rands into FRs which are
changed into dollars at the FR rate
at that time. The transfer of dol-
lars does not emanate from the

Reserve Bank but from that amor-
phous FR “pool.”

The SA emigrant looks with dis-
may at the $22500 which he re-
ceives (currently) for his R100 000.
Had he been allowed to take out his
settling-in allowances through
commercial rands and not FRs he
would have had $39 000 in his off-
shore bank. Little wonder he feels
cheated. He is the victim not only
of external political pressures on
the SA economy but also of the
uninhibited operation of the free
market in FRs.

The price of FRs is determined
entirely by market forces, by the
supply of and demand for the liquid
balances in the FR “pool” and by
the differential between the prices
of South African shares in Johan-
nesburg and those ruling overseas.

T.. link between the “pol” is
very close because if the “pool” is
short of. FRs, non-resident shares
are bought by South Africans
thereby creating new liquid FRs.
And, conversely, if holders of FRs
‘want to convert their FR balances
iback into dollars, they buy SA se-
‘curities which they offload into the
offshore markets.

/12828
cso:

3400/150

.And if those markets are inter-
ested in buying only bargains, the
share prices fall compared with
those ruling in the hothouse JSE,
bringing down the value of the FR.

If a share is trading for Ri in
Johannesburg and the same share
is priced at $0,25c in New York, the
FR is, in effect, either side of 25 US
cents. A double price is made
around a half point difference,
24,75¢ to 25,25c. The dealer loses
rands at 25,25c but makes them up
by buying rands at 24,75c.

The FR market is never con-
trolled. It is only monitored in SA
by the banks which record who
owns FRs — either as tangible as-
sets or intangible book balances.
They may be individuals. They
may be offshore banks holding the
balances on behalf of their clients.
They may be nominee companies.
But they are all non-residents. And
the ultimate supervision is’ theo-
retically exercised by the Reserve
Bank, theoretically because there
are times when this supervision
has been somewhat lax.

Perhaps this laxity is not the re-
sult of negligence but arises from a
tangle of regulations, some ill-de-
fined, controlling what may and
what may not be done with FRs. If
the authorities concerned them-
selves only with the basic principle
that FRs exist to prevent an out-
flow of capital from SA, Pretoria
would have fewer problems. But
the bureaucratic mind appears to
shun the simple.

FRs may.not be used to buy out ‘

an existing industrial enterprise in
SA. The ostensible reason is that a
non-resident shareholder is replac+
ing a local owner and that the
transaction would not increasé ca-
pacity and employment ‘in this
country, a premise which is far
removed from protecting the
foreign exchange reserves.

But if one non-resident wants to
buy an SA enterprise from another
non-resident using FRs to pay for
the transaction, the deal would be
disallowed. ;

The so-called logic behind’ this
prohibition is that a capital inflow
of dollars would be more desirable
and if.the new money comes in to
finance an enterprise on the basis
of a $0,40 rand and not on a $0,25
rand, the promoters would be cer-
tain that the project would be via-
ble.

91

0. the other hand, if a foreign-
owned subsidiary decides it wants
to extend an existing factory, add-
ing to its capacity and workforce,
FRs may be used. If the FR “pool”
at the time lacks the liquidity to
provide the necessary funds, the
overseas shareholders create the
necessary FRs by buying SA
shares in New York or London and
then selling them in Johannesburg.

Dollars would then be paid out
offshore and the rand proceeds
from the sale would finance the
expansion programme.

Similarly, FRs can be used to
subscribe for shares in a new SA
floatation on the JSE. The transac-
tion doesn’t result in an inflow of
new capital. It might diminish liq-
uidity in the FR “pool” but this is
offset by the acquisition of a new
asset by a non-resident.



J
FRS-SSA-26~087
gust 1996

ANGOLA

SOYO DEVELOPMENT PLAN COSTS, FOREIGN COOPERATION REPORTED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 10 Jun 86 p 3

[Text] Oil once constituted the main economic activity of the municipality
of Soyo (Zaire Province), where the Kwanda base that supports Angolan off-
shore oil exploration is located.

However, according to those in charge of the MPLA-Labor Party and the Angolan
Government, oil serves only as the primary impetus to the economic and social
development of those regions where its presence is felt.

With this in mind, a project called the "Soyo Development Plan" (PDS) was
conceived in 1979; it involves not only the establishment of an infrastruc-
ture in support of regional oil operations, but also the creation of the
pasic conditions necessary to the development of other sectors, and as a re-
sult the improvement of the socioeconomic level .of the local population.

PDS has two distinct phases, and its cost is estimated at $105 million (more
than 3 billion kwanzas).

The first phase of the project, initiated in 1980, was completed on 11 Novem-
ber. 1982, and included the construction of .an industrial. zone designed to
provide support structures for oil exploration activities in "Block 2," and
also containing residential and social service areas.

In addition, 25 km of roads were constructed between Kwanda base and Soyo,
and within the area, a floating pier and access canal were installed, and
protective barriers for Kwanda Island were built.

Also, the steps necessary to assure the viability of the installations, such
as a supply network for water and power, telephones, sewers, and alighted
heliport with a maintenance hangar were completed.

The overall costs of these projects, which were completed under the direction
of Dar Al-Handansah Consultants (consultation), Astaldi International (con-
struction), Volker Stevin Dredging (earth removal and dredging), and the
Angola Engineering Laboratories (design and quality control), were about

$30 million dollars ($1 = 30.214 kwanzas) .



JPRS-SSA-86-0
~087
26 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

LAWYER SPELLS OUT REGULATIONS GOVERNING DETAINEES IN EMERGENCY

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 27 Jun 86 p 8

{Text}

‘THE position of detain-
cos under the state of
emergency is governed
1h tions and rules
in terms of the
Safety Act of

The regulations have,

r, recently at
atus of legis-
tue of their
tion in the
ty Amend-
od by Par-

incorpe
Public Sa
mont Act p
Hiament last week.

In terms of the regula-
tions a member of the
Tolice foree, Railways
Police force and/or
South African Defence
Force may arrest any
person, without a_war-
rant of arrest, and detain
such person in a prison
or police cell,

Although it is difficult
to know what events or
actions could result in
detention, a person may
he arrested or detained
if the person arresting
himher is of the opinion
that such arrest and de-
tention is necessary for:

@ The maintenance of
public order or the safe-
ty of the public;

@ The safety of the de-
tainee hinvherself,

@ she termination of
the state of emergency.

At the time of arrest
and/or detention, detain-
ces or their families
should try to establish
the name, number, rank

and station of the arrest-
ing officer and the law/-
regulation/order in
terms of which the arrest
or detention

When the person is to
be detained, the regula-
tions provide that the
detention must be in
terms of a written. order.
De inees or their fan
ilies should try to see the
order and its terms.

The regulations state
that no person shall be
entitled to any official or
other information relat-
ing to detainees. How-
ever, the deputy Minis-
ter of Information, Mr

is Nel, recently told
ment that the next
kin are always told
when a_ person de-
tained. If however the
next of kin are not so
advised, it would appear
that they are entitled to
such information when
making inguiri

ies whoth-
er telephonic or other-
wise.

In confirming deten-
tions and ascertaining
the whereabou
the office of the
ioner of Police
i dicat

in Pre
ed that no tel
telegraphi
(telexes) wil) be an-
swered

‘The office will only re-
spond to Jett f the
following information
regarding the det
is supplied: Full

74

and address; identity
number and age; date
and place of arrest: full
name and address of
person requesting infor-
mation, eg next-of-kin.
If a legal representa-
live is requesting the in-
formation, the name and
address of the person
who has instructed or
authorized the lawyer to
make such inquiries
must be supplied.
Depending on the
place of arrest, letters
(preferably registered)
should be addressed to:
The Commanding Offi
cer, Security Police, Pri.
vate Bag X14, Vlaeberg
8018; or The Command-
ing ‘Officer, Security
Branch, South African
Police, Division Boland,
Paarl 7620 or Private
Bag 3020, Paarl; or the
Commissioner of South
African Police, Private
Bag X94, Pretoria 0001.
If you fail to elicit a
response to written in-
quiries, follow up your
letter with a telephone
call to the relevant
office and try to estab-
lish whether your Jetter
has been received and
whether your queries
are being considered.
The regulations make
provision for visits by
next of kin to detainees.
Family members wish-
ing to visit detainces,
must apply in writing to
the commanding officer



TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION BREAKAWAY FROM CUSA

JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE NEW NATION in English 19 Jun-2 Jul 86 p 15

[Text] More than 3 000 transport workers, mostly Putco drivers have broken

away From Council of Unions of SA'

(Tawu).

The breakway comes more than yt
to split the workers.

Although no clear
decision has been made
about the breakaway union's
affiliation there is
spe tion that it will
alfiliate to the Congress of
SA Trade Unions (Cosatu).

According to the steering
committce representing the
‘breakaway union’ -- Zakheni
Transport and_ Allied
Workers Union (Ztawu) --
the question of affiliation
still has to be addressed by
the general membership.

“{ ce have, however,
committed ourselves to
affiliate to a federation.”

Affiliation to Cusa is
tuled out because the
federation docs not allow
membership to breakaway
groupings. And with the
merger of Cusa and the
Azanian Council of Trade

13104
cso: 3400/245

Unions (Azactu) on the
cards affiliation to Azactu is
also not likely either. With
the field narrowed down to
Cosatu, it is not difficult to
speculate on the Ztawu's
ideological home.

It has already decided to
follow a non-racial approach
to organisation. Cusa_ is
committed to limitin
membership to blac’
workers.

While careful not to
commit himself, the
breakaway union's spokes-
person says: "We will
adhere to the principle of
one-industry onc-union
when we decide on
affiliation”.

With recent mergers of
{ransport unions into
‘Transport and Gencral
Workers Union, Ztawu's

80

s (CUSA) Transport and Allied Workers Union

ear after tensions within the union threatened

affiliation to Cosatu could
mean a boost for the new
T&GWU.

Ztawu's membership,
estimated at more than
3.000 is made up mainly of
entire Tawu branches at
Putco plants on the Rand.
According to the Ztawu
spokesperson, more Tawu
branches have indicated
their intention to breakaway
from the Cusa union.

This is the second
breakaway from Cusa in
recent months, The first was
from the federation's Food
and Beverage Workers
Union when workers from
some Coke plants in the
Transvaal decided to join
the Sweet Food and Allied
Workers Union before its
merger with the Food and
Canning Workers Union.



The Angolans think that, considering France's interests in Angola, particularly
in the oil sector, Jacques Chirac's government is not going to do anything
that might jeopardize the position of the French companies. It should. be
noted that Jacques Chirac in his declarations to 0 JORNAL was conclusive

about this issue, stating that "France's policies do not revolve around oil
interests."

The Angolans are conducting in this moment and intense contact activity with
the French. They are preparing a visit of the Ministry of Oil to France.

A reception for French businessmen will be held next 10 June at the Angolan
Embassy in Paris.

Jacques Chirac's interview to 0 JORNAL took place during the last phase of the :
campaign for legislative elections and was tape recorded in its entirety.

13259/6662
csO: 3442/241



STATISTICS SHOW 'DRAMATIC DROP’ IN VIOLENCE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 28 Jun 86 p 4

[Article by Keith Abendroth]

[Text]

Statistical
ists of the Bu
for Information
said ye: that
comprehensive figures
on the first two weeks
of the state of emer-
gency showed that it
was “working”.

Mr Dave Venter, dep-
uly chief of the Bureau's
communication research
unit, told newsmen at the
daily media briefing at the
Union Buildings: “The
state of emergency is also
ensuring that people are
being protected against
violence and inj

ies on incidents
--- which show dramatic
decreases since June 12—
also show that the secur-
ity forces ate not the vil-
Iains they are made out to
be and that they ate there
to protect the people.

“There are strong indi-
cations that a degree of
responsibilit returning
to the townships,” he
said. :

19317
cso: 3400/160

Mr Venter and the di-
rector of the research
unit, Dr Kobus Neeth-
ling, split the state of
emergency into two
week-long periods —from
June 12 to June 19, and
June 19 to June 26.

Petrol-bombing _ inci-
dents decreased from 23
percent of all incidents to
17,7 percent between the
two periods, Mr Venter
said. He did not mention
what type of unrest inci-
dent showed a concomi-
tant increase in incidence.

‘The number of people
injured in unrest de-
creased from 173 to 33
persons between the two
periods, Mr Venter said.

Injuries in Black on
Black violence increased

while injuries inflicted by
the security forces de-
creased.

In the first week 47
people were killed in un-
test while there was a
drop of 72,5 percent to
only 14 fatalities the sec-
ond week.

Sceutity forces caused
35 percent of deaths the
first weck and 21 percent
the sccond, while Black
on Black violence in-
creased from 65 percent
to 79 percent.

‘There was also a drop
of 88,3 percent in the
number of attacks on se-
curity forces.

Mr Venter listed the
decline in unrest in a large
number of different areas
in percentoges — among
them the’ West Rand by
60 percent, East Rand by
70,5, Western Transvaal
55,6, Eastern. Transvaal
86,6, Northern Cape
94,1, Eastern Cape 57,7,
and South Western Dis-
tricts 89,2.

Boland 76,9, Western
Province 82,7, Free State
by 100 percent and North-
ern Free State by 50 per-
cent. An increase for the
Witwatersrand of 81,8
percent and in the Far
Northern ‘Transvaal oc-
curred because there had
been no incidents the pre-
vious week.

SOUTH AFRICA

Mr Venter sajd every
incident of unrest was re-
corded — incizding the
throwing of a single bot-
tle, for instance — in the
bid by the police and the
authorities to keep an
overall finger on the pulse

« of the situation.

Questioned on what le-

“vel the unrest incidence

would have to reach be-
fore consideration could
be given to lifting the
state of emergency, Mr
Venter said that other
factors, too, had to be
considered. For instance,
the overall climate was an
important facet to be con-
sidered, in the overall
move back téwards peace
and tranquility.

Unrest statistics had
been kept by the author-
ities since September
1984, Mr Venter said.

Dr Neethling and Mr
Venter are to give a statis-
tical breakdown of the
unrest situation every few
weeks.

JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986


INFLATION RATE DECLINE OFFERS 'GLIMMER OF LIGHT’

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 Jul 86 p 6

[Text]

T last there is a glimmer of
light in the economic

f4 gloom. The retreat of infla-
tion from a rate of 20,7% in

January to 16,9% in June is an

indication that some benefit may .

be expected to emerge, along
with all the misery, from the pro-
tracted depression.

SA’s economic woes can in
large measure be traced back to
the failure in the seventies to
match the efforts of major trad-
ing partners to deal effectively
with inflation. The inevitable
consequence of that failure was a
slide in the value of the currency,
sky-high interest rates, excessive
off-shore borrowings, and a debt
burden that grew heavier with
every drop in the exchange rate.

For the past decade South
African authorities have clung to
the outmoded belief that there
exists a permanent trade-off be-
tween unemployment and infla-
tion — that more inflation is the
price of higher employment. In
fact, the modern evidence is in-
controvertible that any trade-off
is temporary and illusory, and
that the price in inflation rises
higher with every turn of the
cycle.

One of the consequences of in-
flation has been to transfer
wealth from the property-less

/12828

CSO: 3400/150

poor to the property-owning
wealthy, a process which, if it has
not actually caused civil unrest,
has contributed nothing to stabil-
ity.

Another consequence has been
fiscal drag, the mechanism that
allows the Receiver of Revenue
to squeeze higher taxes out of
people whose real income does
not increase. A secondary conse-
quence has been to make skilled
South Africans more highly
taxed than their counterparts
abroad, and therefore more like-
ly toemigrate.

The distortion of salary scales,
the undermining of savings, the
reduction of pensioners to penury
— and an endless list of ills —
have accompanied the policies
which, supported by the profli-
gate bureaucracies of Pretoria,
reduced a once-proud economy
to beggarly status.

Recession has begun to over-"
come the past mismanagement
of the economy — just as the
Thatcher recession overcame
Britain’s earlier profligacy —
but the toll has been terrible.
Again, unrest has been merely
the most visible and dramatic of
the consequences; other conse-
quences, like the loss of a proud
record of never having defaulted
on debt, or the export of ir-
replaceable plant and’ machin-
ery, or the destruction of sound
companies, will linger.

89

JPRS-s5q
~86-
26 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

Against this background we
can only pray that, having
achieved an apparent turning
point in the fight against infla-
tion, the fiscal and monetary au-
thorities will not squander the
gain by premature complacency.

More than most countries, SA
needs to observe the sound and
conservative principles of eco-
nomic management that, until
the gold price rise of the seven-
ties turned our heads, had served
us very well indeed.



flies in the face of the very ideas of which they claim their civilization is
based. They have lost sight of the hard fact that African opposition to apar-
theid is based not on politics or economics, but on the concept of human dig-
nity. Apartheid strikes deep at the roots of human dignity and the right of
all men to be free. Even if that freedom means poverty and hardship it is
preferable to comfort in chains, but President Reagan would rather want the
oppressed people of South Africa to have comfort in chains. In real terms,
Africa has struggled for freedom with little direct help from the United
States. In many ways, the American administration has morally and materially
stood with the enemies of the oppressed masses of Africa.

If the Reagan administration is free to choose its friends so too must free
Africa choose her friends when in need. Reagan cannot be a true friend of
free Africa nor of the oppressed people in South Africa and Namibia. His
remarks on Tuesday night have dashed any such hopes.

Those who buttress the apartheid regime are morally responsible for the cruel-
ties of that regime. Talk will not change the boers from their blind hatred ’
of blacks in South Africa. The EPG [Eminent Persons Group] report conclusively
proved that. So, the present mission by Britain's Sir Geoffrey Howe and any
future American missions as proposed by President Reagan will only be wasteful
exercises in futility.

Change will come to South Africa only when the present privileged position of
the whites there is smashed. The only peaceful way to destroy apartheid is

the imposition of mandatory sanctions now. ‘The mindless hypocrisy of President
Reagan and Prime Minister Thatcher over the question of sanctions is hard to
understand. They claim that economic sanctions would cause the African people
in this region untold hardship. Do they not understand that Africans, coloreds,
and Indians in South Africa are already suffering? Do they not understand that
neighboring states are already suffering as a result of the destabilization
acts being carried out by apartheid South Africa? If it was right for President
Reagan to call for international sanctions against Poland, a Communist state,
then it is even more right and incumbent upon him to actually impose sanctions
against apartheid South Africa.

We concede that it is difficult for capitalist powers to pursue a policy that
may harm their economic ties with apartheid South Africa, but we tell them that
economic sanctions are the lesser of the two evils. You either have them or

a terrible holocaust will ensue. When that happens all the economic interests
they are trying to protect now will go up in flames of a racial war there.

President Reagan and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher ought to know that kith
and kin consideration, where apartheid is concerned, is a thing of the past.
The boycott of the Edinburgh games is a most telling factor. Can't they read
the situation correctly? Their hypocrisy over the question of sanctions is
mind boggling, to say the least.

/12766
CSO: 3400/320

57



tion, It also implies restricted in- ~

vestments in the productive sectors of the
economy, so that these do not expand fast
enough. Less funds are also available for
higher education and training, thus
lending to a labour force with poor
technology and managerial skills.

It is thus quite clear that population

problems have vory little.to do with oithor
the total size of the population or of the
land arens of the country.
Holand (population 14.5 million, aroa
40,844 sq. Kms) has hardly any such pro-
bloms, whereas Botswana (population 1.1
million, aroas 600,372 sq. Kms) has plenty
of them.

Population question
in Uganda

The first scientific population census in
Uganda was first conducted in 1948 by
the colonial authorities. Others have since
then been carried out at intervals of niore
or less 10 years, the last one being that of
1980. The table below presents the rele-
vant census results, as well as some other
related population characteristics.

Colunms 4.and 6 give the estimated an-
nual birth and death rates. Note that
birth rates increased from 1948 to 1969,
wherens death rates declined over the
same period. This is the expected pattern
for a population beginning to experience
eocio-economic progress. Note also thnt
mortality conditions (i.e death
rates)stagnated or worsened during 1969
— 80, clearly reflecting the-destruction
and chaos of the Amin era. Things have of

course been even worse since then. Infant
mortality levels (Column 7) are also very
good indicators of a population’s overall
social economic situation, hence the rising
levels between 1969-80.

‘The last column gives some idea of the
steadily increasing population pressure
‘on the land.

This pressure is not yet alarming
especially when compared with the situa-
tion faced by some of our neighbours
(Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya (Central).
However, some districts, such as Kaba!s,
Bushenyi, Mpigi, Mukono, Iganga,
Tororo a nd Mbale; have already began to
feel the pressure seriously.

‘The population of Uganda 1948-1980

The table reveals that Uganda’s total
population has increased from about 5 to
nearly 13 million between 1948 and 1980.
In this span of 32 years, this represents
an increase of over 2.5 times, or an
average annual growth rate of about
3.0%. At this rate of increase, tho 1986
estimate would be just over 15 million. —

53

The intercensal growth rates (third col-
umn) show a varying pattern. This is
because they are affected by levels of
either immigration or emigration. The
very high rate for the 1959-69 period
reflects the big number of foreigners ab-
sorbod from all the neighbouring coun-
tries during that decade. A better in-
dicator of the population's growth capaci-
ty is given by the rates of natural increase
(6th column) which are the differences bet-
ween the birth and death rates.

‘As seen above, Uganda’s population is
estimated to be increasing at the rate of
3.0% per year. This impliee a doubling
period of about 23 years (i.e the current 15
million will have become 80 million
2010 A.D.) This high rate is in fact likely
to rise even further in the near future, in
response to steadily improving socio-
economic conditions in the country if they
do. Mortality levels are expected to once
again start declining, while fertility is
likely to remain high, or even to rise
slightly.

Uganda's future developmental plans
have therefore to take this likelihood into
account. One consequnce of a high growth
rate as already seen, is a high dependency
burden. The current and medium term na-
tional preocupation is national economic
recovery, involving the rehabilitation of
our decayed industries, setting up new
‘ones, and renovating the socio-economic
infrastructure.



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

o : ANGOLA

LUNDA-NORTE PROVINCE FACES SUPPLY PROBLEMS
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 5 Jun 86 p 3

[Report on interview with Mauricio Pereira, provincial delegate for domestic
trade; date and place not given]

[Text] Chitato--The Domestic Trade Commission's efforts in Lunda-Norte over
the past year have been aimed at establishing a new supply system, expanding
rural distribution capabilities and repairing structures such as the Chitato
Hotel and. the town's stores and warehouses. Contracts were also drawn up
and approved with farmers' associations. At this time, Chitato has about
6,621 consumers and 2,020 family units, sais Mauricio Pereira, a provincial
delegate for domestic trade, in an interview granted to this newspaper.

"The new supply system was created as a result of the consumer census. It
was not an easy task because it included Cuango, Cambulo, and Lucap
municipalities. In any event, we were able to assign all the workers to the
stores near their homes. Nothing was done in the other municipalities
because of the political-military situation that exists in the province. As
soon as everything returns to normal, organization will be imposed," said the
provincial delegate. »

Almost nothing has been done at the hotels for various reasons. Neverthe-
less, the provincial Domestic Trade Commission asked DIAMANG for help and it
offered to repair the Cambulo and Chitato hotels. According to the DIAMANG
construction team, the hotels will be in operation within days.

According to Mauricio Pereira, Luanda-Norte has 18 warehouses, 54 stores, a
marketplace and a fish market. The refrigeration system has two units in
operation and two others in need of repair. The repairs are scheduled to
take place during the second quarter of 1986.

Rural Distribution
"We have a weak rural supply system. There is a shortage of tools to aid
farmers and there is a lack of training for them... Since the province does

not have any means-of mass communication and our meetings with them have
proven to be insufficient," said Mauricio Pereira.

15



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

NIGERIA

AIR CONTROLLERS UNION WARNS OF INADEQUATE COMMUNICATIONS

Lagos SUNDAY TIMES in English 20 Jul 86 p 2

[Article by Dupe Olanipekun]

[Text]

IR traffic controllers in the
Ai are beaming danger
ignals over Nigeria’s air space.
‘They ery out that many of the
communications and navigational
aids are faulty and noisy. .
‘Such a prevailing situation “in
the Nigeri ais space in, beset
jth potential danger, sa
National Union of Air Transport
Services Employees in a report
gent to the Ministry of Transport
nd Aviation recently. a
° ‘The union declared: ‘the
deplorable state of our communi-
cations equipment and naviga-
tional aids have given rise to
tential danger.
Phere is no contact between
Murtala Muhammed Airport and
Ibadan Airport and no control
centre in Nigeria has contact witb
neighbouring centres, not to
‘mentioncentresoverseas.
the controller canno!
“eto, St
beyond their controlled airspaces,
the statement affi _
where communication
the union added,
they are very unreliable and
xtremely noisy. —
ow according to the union, “our
navigational aids are so unreliable
tnd can break down any
ment”. ;
* “the union declared: ‘“‘in fact.
aircraft have landed on the taxi-

112828
CSO: 3400/148

way on few occasions and many
more would have landed but for
the vigilance of the controllers.

In addition, it lines pilots up
‘with the new central taxi-way or
the old taxi-way instead of the

Tunway 101"

The VOR at Kano, the union.
said is worse than the one in Lagos
as it sometimes lines pilots with
the control tower instead of the
ruhway.

According to the union, the
multi-million naira radar system

which was installed at

Murtala = Muhammed
Airport is hooked up
with NEPA without

adequate stabilizers.

‘The radar which is a
sstiper-sensitive equipment
that required uninter-
rupted power supply has
been exposed to incessant
power flunctuations,

We believe that if the
ministry can spend
millions, of naira in pro-
viding radar, it can afford
*to spend few thousands ta:
protect it with an uninter-,
rupted power supply and
stabilizers" the unior
declared.

The Sunday Times also
gathered that there are no,
rescue coordination
centres in Nigeria, there-*
by making it impossible
to coordinate rescue
operation in an air crash
hot within the’ vicinity of
the airport,

44

This is a dangerous

situation as survivors die
before help could reach
them, the association
added.

‘The association then
called on the Federal
Government to transfer
the maintenance of tele-
communication
equipment to NITEL
which ‘can utilise their
sophisticated equipment
sand expertise to ensure
thé-safety of the Nigerian
airspacs.

It further called for a
full scale re-organisation
of the civil aviation de-
partment to give room for
expertise.

Enforcement of proper
maintenance of the radar
navigational aids and
other safety related aids
should be intensified.

‘The association further
called for the establish-
ment of rescue
co-rdination centres for

search and
operation in



JPRS-SSA--36
087
26 August 1996

NIGERIA

BRIEFS

PROMOTION OF GROUNDNUTS--The General Manager of the Gusau Oil Mill in Sokoto,
Alhaji Mahmud Suka, said on Saturday that 3 million had been earmarked ‘for
the purchase of groundnut from farmers in the state this year. He told

the executive members of the state branch of the Manufacturer Association
of Nigeria, who visited the mill, that the management was aimed at providing
the mill with adequate raw materials as part of efforts to rehabilitate
groundnut production in the country. The general manager said the mill had
signed an agreement with the Sokoto Agricultural and Rural Development
Authority on a programme to involve farmers in large scale production of
groundnut. He expressed regret that groundnut, which used, to be an important
foreign exchange earner for the country in the 60s, had declined seriously
in production. Alhaji Mahmud explained that under the agreement, some
farmers were assured guaranteed prices to encourage them to grow more
groundnuts, while others strictly grow groundnuts for the mill on contract
basis. The mill had decided to double the approved price fixed by the
government, which did not encourage large-scale production because it was
below the market price, he said. He added that the vegetable oil market
was depressed because the current price did not favour local producers

who find it difficult to market their products in an unfair competition
with the cheaper imported vegetable oil. He urged the federal government
to stop the importation of vegetable oil, pointing out that the Gusau Oil
Mill had a stock of 200,000 tonnes of oil awaiting buyers. [Text] [Kaduna
NEW NIGERIAN in English 16 Jul 86 p 10]/12828

KEROSENE SHORTAGE EXPLANATION--Officials of the Nigerian National Petroleum
Corporation (NNPC) have announced that the current nation-wide shortage

of kerosine was due to the activities of some selfish petroleum dealers

who were selling adulterated kerosine to motorists as petrol or diesel in
order to make quick money. Already, within the past one month many of such
unpatriotic petrol dealers and their agents have been arrested in Kaduna,
Bendel, Kwara, Oyo, Rivers and Lagos states and are being prosecuted. Their
petrol station have been sealed, the officials said. This was confirmed

to newsmen, who have just completed a seven-day tour of NNPC projects in
some parts of the country, by the General Manager of the Kaduna Oil Refinery,
Mr. B.A. Soyode and Mr. Ben L. Mbanugo, Manager Petroleum Inspectorate in
Warri. Mr. Soyode said the illegal activities of the affected petroleum
dealers were uncovered some few months ago by both NNPC officials and some
patriotic Nigerians who had fallen victims to such illegal deals. He said
it was discovered that some petrol dealers had resorted to blending kerosine

48


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3400/226

ring road into the West-
ern Freeway going to-
wards Pinetown.

We stopped at the
Pinetown Police Station.
The SABC reporter with
us had to pick up his
cameraman who was
waiting at the police sta-
tion. The SABC team,
camera and all, got into
their own minibus, and
followed us for the rest of
the tour, unsupervised.

We drove through
KwaNdabeka and Cler-
mont, our driver keeping
to the main roads at all
times.

Our requests to be
taken down through the
side-alleys and back
Streets were turned
down. “Most of these
roads are dead-ends and
the bus cannot be turned
at the end,” our guides
said.

In Clermont, more
graffiti supporting organ-
isations ranging from the
ANC to the UDF were on
the walls. Sorry, no pic-
tures.

We moved on to Ches-
terville — home of the A-
team and the Com-
rades. We were taken
through the townships to
where about a dozen peo-
ple were hacking away at
the grass.

These were the De-
partment of Manpower's
R4-a-day workers, our
driver said. Yes, said
Captain Heunis, we could
take pictures.

What about the gutted
shell of a house we
passed on the way?

No, no pictures.

We moved on towards
the township’s recrea-

tional centre — the soc-
cer field and swimming
pool. The swimming pool
was only half-full and en-
crusted with green algae.
Workers were busy pav
ing the surrounds.

‘Would we like pictures,
Captain Heunls wanted
to know.

Of what, the empty
swimming pool? We de-
clined.

Outside the pool area,
in the soccer field, some
children played. Captain
‘Heunis went up to them,
vasked them to kick
‘around their ball so that
we could take pictures.

They responded enthu-
siastically. ‘I asked pho-
tographer Puri Devjee to
move in and take pic-
tures. ,

“Nov not from that
side,” Captain Heunls
said. *

But, the photographers.
said, if we shoot from
that direction, our cam-
eras will point to the sun.

Heunis was adamant.
Then I saw why... graf-
fiti on the concrete fence.

We then stopped the
tour. We had seen
enough.

At the start of the tour,
at the same police sta-
tion, Port Natal CID
chief Brigadier John van
der Westhuizen had
asked Heunis in Afri-
kaans, “Why are you
going to KwaMashu?
There's nothing happen-
ing there.”

“Well, that’s what
we're going to show
them,” Heunis had re-
plied.

77



JPRS-SSA- 86-087
26 August 1986

ANGOLA

LUANDA-ADDIS ABABA AIR LINK INAUGURATED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 7 Jun 86 p 3

[Text] Ethiopian Airlines, Ethiopia's national airline, began air service
from Addis Ababa to Luanda yesterday. The first flight landed at 1630 hours
yesterday and it is scheduled to leave the Angolan capital early this morning.
TAAG Business Director Jorge Rodrigues was present at the "4 February"
International Airport to greet the Ethiopian Airlines' officials. They

were: Business Director Woldr Gabriel Tsehay, Technical Director Haile
Mariam Derso and Public Relations Director Assefa Tessema. According to the
two companies' business directors, the basic objective of this link between
Luanda and Addis Ababa is contained in the framework of the Association of
African Airlines whose goal is to better serve African countries.

The weekly round trip flight on a 140 passenger Beogin 727 takes place on
Tuesday with a Luanda arrival time of between 1530 and 1600 hours. It is the
extension of the Addis Ababa to Bujumba, Burundi, route.

Ethiopian Airlines now has regular service from Addis Ababa to countries in
three continents (21 African, 5 European and 1 Asian).

As a result, it is an airline that has gained prestige of worldwide renown,
especially in Africa.

It has an agreement with TAAG (Angolan Airlines) to train Angolan pilots and
maintenance technicians.

The relationship between both companies became that much closer with the
beginning of these flights. According to Business Director Jorge Rodrigues,
TAAG has a chance of obtaining passengers for its South America routes because
Ethiopian Airlines has not extended iis service there.

Jorge Rodrigues said that TAAG will not be opening new routes this year because
of the difficult economic situation Angola is going through. He conceded

that TAAG may also establish a route to Addis Ababa. Nevertheless, he added
that everything depends on how the route develops.

9935/9738
CSO: 3342/262

10



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

UGANDA

POPULATION GROWTH RATE SET AT 3 PERCENT
Kampala WEEKLY TOPIC in English 2 Jul 86 p 9 ,

[Article by Gaspar Gasana] Population problems

Contrary to some popularly held beliefs,

There is, today, perbaps no other issue
as controversial as the twin topic of
populetion growth and econome develop-
ment in the Third World. In Africa, recent
famines and deteriorating environments,
coupled with high population growth
rates and poor economic performance,
have done nothing to dampen the dobate.

Two Schools

It is within this context chat pco-
pononts of family planning (or artificial
birth-control) have beon advocating the
reduction of population growth rates as
ona way in which to enchance sotio-
cconomie progress. High growth rates,
they argue, dilute the investment effort,
thys retarding the developmental pro-
coss.

Others have however refuted this line of
rensoning, contending that rapid popula-
tion growth is inevitable in the early
ateges of socio-economic development;
and that population increases in actual
fact further stimulates economic pro-
gress, rather than retard it. The growth
rate later readjusts iteelf, as a result of
altered socio-cultural norms concerning
reproductive behaviour.

The current areas whore attention is
focunsed are largely to be found in Africa,
the Indian sub-continent, as well as coun-
tries in Central and South America. That.
is, those regions of the Third World where
high fortility and high population growth

rates hsppon to coexist with worrening
economic performance and unetable socio-
political systems.

[Text] itis not the total atze of a population that

constitutes a problem, but rather its rate
of growth. Such countries as England,
Holland, Japan, etc, have large popula-
tions relative to their land areas, yet they
do not seem to be suffering from any
population problems (social problems may
be, but not demographic ones). Some of
these do not even have any extensive
natural resources to brag about (0g.
Holland, Japan).
‘The rate of growth, on the other hand,is
a more revealing indicator of the kinds of
problems that a country is likely to be ex-
periencing from its population. In terms
of simple numbers, a high rate results in
“too many people” in a very short time
period, thus putting an increasing strain
on the socio-economic infrastructure. For
example, a population growing at, say, 1.5
per year would double its size in about 47
yoars, while one growing at 3.5% would
do so in only 21 years. If the technology
and other resources available to these two
populations were the same, the likely
socio-economic consequences are not dif-
ficult to imagine.
In terms of population structure, a high
rate of growth results in a “youthful”
Population, that is, one with too many
young and too few adults. For example,
the population aged under 15 years in
Uganda is about 48%, while that in Kenya
is over 50%. The proportions in developed
countries lie between 18% and 25%.

This ‘dependency burden’, as it is call-
ed, has serious implications on the
economic and social fronts. Socially, a
high dependency burden implies that in-
creasing amounts of investments have to
be allocated to unproductive service sec-
tors, such as health, nutrition, primary
education, etc. On the economic front,
high dependency implies a small propor-

tion of the economically active popule-

52



SOUTH AFRICA

BLACKS

Kwanatal Indaba Bill of Rights Offers Alternative Vision
(POST NATAL, 16-19 Jul 86) ....ccccecececececececucecucece

Patel Article
Editorial Comment

Government Backtracking on Bantustans Residents Status
(BUSINESS DAY, 28 Jul 86) ..ccececceccevcccesceecceeceeers

Provincial Council Replacement Criticized
(Editorial; POST NATAL, 2-5 Jun 86) .ececccececvcecececece

Development of Industry in Ciskei Evaluated
(K. H. Hammonds; BUSINESS DAY, 18 Jul 86) ...cccccceccecee

Briefs
Advice on Tracing Detainees

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

ERRATUM: Items on pages 69-85 inadvertantly omitted from JPRS
SSA-86-081, 29 July 1986.

Broederbond's Influence in Nation's Education Explored
(THE NEW NATION, 19 Jun-2 Jul 86) ..

Teachers Address Deteriorating Relationship With DEC
(Ronnie Morris; CAPE TIMES, 24 Jun 86) ..........

Emigration Inquiries Increase After Emergency
(THE STAR, 20 Jun 86) ..ecceedceeeeececeeceeeeeeeeeceeeees

Lawyer Spells Out Regulations Governing Detainees in Emergency
(CAPE TIMES, 27 Jun 86) ..cscccccceccesccccccvsceceeceeeee

Reporters Take Government Sponsored Tour of Black Township
(Kanthan Pillay; POST NATAL, 25-28 Jun 86) ......eceeeeees

Statistics Show 'Dramatic Drop' in Violence
(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 28 Jun 86) ......sseeeeeeee

Article Sees Mining Unrest To Continue
(THE NEW NATION, 19 Jun-2 Jul 86) ............ bee eee stews

Transport Workers Union Breakaway From CUSA
(THE NEW NATION, 19 Jun-2 Jul 86) .....cceceeesececceceeee

Paper Notes Militant History of Saawu
(Mike Siluma; THE STAR, 26 Jun 86) ...cscsececcccceceereee

~d-

61

61

62

63

65

66

68

69

71

72

74

76

78

79

80

81



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BROEDERBOND'S INFLUENCE IN NATION'S EDUCATION EXPLORED
Johannesburg THE NEW NATION in English 19 Jun-2 Jul 86 p 7

[Text] FOR MANY dark years before The Broederbond aim, he says,

black students rose up against the
instruction of Afrikaans in schools
the Broederbond -- the ‘secret
Afrikaans society -- had secretly
infiltrated the major power seats of
learning.

‘Today education in South Africa
suffers a painful hangover from the
Broeders’: immense influence
which reached a peak during the
1976 student revolt. fronically the
minister responsible for education
at the time -- M C Botha -- was the
very sanie man who led the all too
similar Broeder protests of 1943.

Broerder minister

Even the current minister in
charge of black education, Gerrit
Viljoen, former rector of the Rand
Afrikaans University, was also
Broederbond chairman for many

cars, His successor as Broeder-

ond chairman was Professor Jan
Pieter de Lange, who is also
chairman of the Human Sciences
Research Council Committee on
Education and author of the 1983
De Lange Commission on
education.

De Lange is not only one of the
most important and powerful
Afrikaners in the country, but
probably the most influential
educationist in the Jand.

As head of the Broederbond --
the all powerful Afrikaner
nationalist think-tank and cultural
body -- his views provide an
interesting insight into top-level
Afrikaner opinion.

-is-to "promote the broad interests
‘of South Africa and within that to
rotect the Afrikaner interests.”
the Bond, which is only open to
carefully selected and invited
“Afrikaans men has about 15 000
members. :

About 10 percent of the
membership defected to the far-
right in 1983 when the previous
Broederbond chairman, Carel
Boshoff (son-in-law of Hendrik
Verwoerd) resigned to form the
far-right Afrikaner Volkswag.

According to de Lange 30
percent of the white members of
parliament are Broederbond
members and he says, he can't
recall how many Cabinet members
belong to the Bond -- “but not all
'do." However it is sufficient to
note that every Nationalist prime
minister or president for 38 years
has been a Broeder.

Professor de Lange says the
“time for change has to be
protected in two ways: the

romotion of the economic life of
‘outh Africa - because change is
going to cost a lot of money. As
an example, FW de Klerk,
Minister of National Education,
stated that in the next 10 years
another four billion rand -- 67
percent -- has to be added to the
national budget for education to
promote equal opportunity.
However, the Broederbond
emphasis on education as a tool for
the preservation of the Afrikaner
volk and a reformed neo-apartheid
structure, is little changed.
Both Viljoen and De Lange have
emphasised that integration at
school level is a non-negotiable

69



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

LESOTHO

BRIEFS

SURRENDER OF FIREARMS ORDERED--The member of the Military Council responsible
for national security and internal affairs, the Honorable Colonel Sekhube
Letsie, has appealed to those people who have not yet haided over to the police
their illegally acquired firearms to do so, mostly because there have occurred
new incidents lately of people being shot with AK-47 rifles. Col Sekhube
Letsie said he had been informed that on Saturday, 19 July, a person was shot
dead with an AK-47 rifle at (Hatema) in Maseru. On Tuesday, 22 July, two other
people were shot dead with an AK-47 rifle at (Gubotswana), while a third per-
son was injured and is being treated in the hospital. Colonel Sekhube said
these incidents are doubtless proof that the (?senior) groups illegally acquired
firearms, and the fact that they have not been handed over to the police is
proof that those possessing them are doing so with a definite purpose of
causing harm and confusion throughout the country. For this reason, he said,
the security forces have been instructed to search for people who are in pos-
session of unregistered weapons and institute legal action against them.

[Text] [Maseru Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 25 Jul 86 MB]/12766

DETRACTORS WARNED OF ARMED FORCES-~A member of the Military Council, Colonel
Thaabe Letsie, says the Militaty intervened in government because those who
were in power in a past administration abused it. Addressing a well-attended
pitso [rally] today at (Methulung) in the Maseru District, Col Thaabe warned
certain individuals who have recently come out accusing the armed forces that
the Military Council, by holding public pitsos, was consolidating its power.
He said the main concern of the armed forces is that the people be given a
chance to manage their own affairs. Col Thaabé ufged the people of
(Methulung) to elect responsible citizens within the village development
councils who will be able to service the interests of the people. He advised
Basotho mineworkers to stop making contributions to some obscure associations
in the Republic of South Africa and to abstain from taking part in the
politics of that country. Col Thaabe was accompanied by the minister of the
Ministry of Education, Sports, and Culture, the Honorable Phillip Mabathoana,
and the minister of state in the Ministry of Rural Development, the Honorable
Mrs 'Matlelima Hlalele. [Text] [Maseru Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT
30 Jul 86 MB] /12913

cso: 3400/337

24



the R160m Ciskei will receive this
year from import dutics and the
R1i88m in budgetary aid it gets
from SA.

In all, internal sources will
account for just R85,2m, or 17% of
the total 1987 budget. In time, this
proportion should increase, as in-
dustrial activity flows down to tax
revenue, _

But complete self-sufficiency
appears unlikely. “There will
always be projects for which Cis-
kei will depend on SA, on the De-
velopment Bank. You can’t avoid
that,” said Potchefstroom Univer-
sity’s Professor Nic Swart, whose
committee engineered the coun-
try’s economic reform in a 1984
report.

Free Market Foundation direc-
tor Leon Louw argues that Ciskei
should be self-sufficient now. Re-
bates to the State of personal in-
come tax paid to SA by Ciskeians
do not reflect contributions to GST
and corporate tax revenue genera-
ted by Ciskei citizens.

If these revenues were returned
to Ciskei, and if the government
could control spending, he said,
“they'd be close to supporting
themselves.”

In the industrial park of Dim-
baza, near a town of 50 000 people,
85 industrial companies provide
15 000 jobs. Ciskeian workers make
car radiators, carpeting, furniture,
toys and fishing rods. The textile
mills of a few years ago that once
accounted for almost all of Ciskei’s
industrial activity are still there,
but are surrounded by more cap-
ital-intensive operations.

Indeed, one objective of the tax
reforms was to attract the kind of
capital-intensive industry. not
found in most developing coun-
tries. .

Government believes such com-
panics, having committed signifi-
cant capital to establish a plant,
are more likely to stay after 10
years — and more likely to re-
invest profits into existing oper-
ations. .

The Peoples Development Bank
reports that 232 companies had
either set up shop in Ciskei or were

/12828

cso:

3400/150

67

committed to do so as of last
month, up from 140 at the time tax
reforms were introduced.

T.. reforms of last year elimi-
nated dozens of laws regulating
small businesses, and the State-
directed Small Business Corpora-
tion expects that the 833 local Cis-
keian-owned operations it had
funded by last March will double
within the year.

The question haunting Bisho now
is whether the SA government will
let the free market experiment
continue. In an amendment to the
1986 income tax bill, government
slapped a levy on interest income
from low-tax investments in build-
ing societies in Ciskei and other
states. And the Margo Commission
has implied that it finds Ciskei’s
free market strategies in attract-
ing business objectionable.

Ciskeians also do not under-
stand. “We're offering people a
better opportunity by giving them
a tax advantage,” said information
director Somtunzi. “SA is trying to
take us back to the stage where we
have to come back.to them for
‘money.”



as current chairman, while Zimbabwe, as the forthcoming host of the summit,
was promised assistance and support.

The characteristics of the current preparations for the summit in Harare are
giving non-aligned countries additional ground for firm belief that the eighth
summit will be of great importance and will succeed.

/12913
cso: 3400/337

60



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

ANGOLA

HUAMBO PROVINCIAL COMMISSAR VISITS UKUMA
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 5 Jun 86 p 3

[Excerpt] Huambo--A party/government delegation headed by Lieutenant Colonel
Marques Monakapui (Bassovava), a member of the party's central committee and
the provincial commissar of Huambo, visited Ukuma last Saturday as part of the
assistance and control visit program for the province's municipalities,

During his stay in Ukuma, Lieutenant Colonel Bassovava met with the local
party leadership and the municipality's traditional leaders.

During his meeting with the tribal leaders, Bassovava listened to the major
problems facing the people. He outlined important directions for them to take
to improve their lives.

Marques Monakapui (Bassovava) also spelled out at the meeting the important
role the chiefs should play among the people of their respective areas. He
also said that every chief should feel he is a party activist so as to
mobilize and riase the awareness of the people.

During his visits to the municipal party committees, the party youth
organization, OMA, the rural stores and the domestic trade warehouses, the
provincial commissar learned about their operation as well as the large
number of difficulties preventing them from operating normally.

Given the current situation in Angola (with an undeclared war being waged),
the provincial commissar reminded everyone once again of the need to defend
the revolution.

He stressed the need for the people to join the BPV's, territorial forces and
the FAPLA in order to carry the battle to all those who, one way or another,
try to subvert the defense of the Angolan people's conquests.

9935/9738
cso: 3442/262

17



JPRS-SSA- 86-087
26 August 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

MOZAMBIQUE, GDR SIGN PROTOCOL--In Maputo today, Mozambique and the GDR signed
a protocol on the professional training of 900 Mozambicans who completed a
general education course at the Friendship School in the GDR. The protocol
establishes, among other things, conditions of training and academic
reciprocity and was signed by Education Minister Graca Machel and GDR
Ambassador to Mozambique Helmuth Mathes. The 900 Mozambican students who are
currently on vacation in the GDR will start professional courses in September.
The courses will focus on subjects related to industry and will end in
December 1988. [Text] [ Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1700 GMT 29
Jul 86 MB] /12913

cso: 3400/337

34



/12828
cso:

The Population of Uganda 1948-1980

3400/344

Year — Total | Inter- | Annual!
Annual} Rate of [Infant |Land&
of Pop. censal birth | death Nat. | mortali-
ty density
census} (mi- rate | (per in
ion) | growth | per fon |iDTe*8? | per
rate (%)} 1000] (1000) |.) (1000) |iper Km)
t
1948 | 4.96 42 2s az 2004.25
1959 | 654 | 25 4 20 |:4 160 [33
1969 | 954 | 38 50 18/32 120. [48
1980 | 1264 | 27 48* | 18° |3.0° 130° [64
Notes:

(1) Based on a land area of 197,000 kms2

(2*) Author's own estimates. All other figures from relevant census reports.

54


Citrus trees are grown in the Tampa region, about 120 km north of the city of
Namibe. Being too far away from the area to have direct contact with those in
charge of the plantations, we didn't get statistics on the extent of the area
cultivated. We know that the area is vast, taking into account information
that its production is sufficient to supply the population and other localities
outside the province.

The provincial delegate for agriculture also referred to. the work of private
farmers who are generally engaged in the cultivation of vegetables, such as
tomatoes, cabbage, onions, sweet potatoes, kale, and others.

This production of vegetables is destined in large part to supplying hospitals,
military units, cooperatives, and also the provincial hotel chain.

Prospects for Increasing Cattle

Although the province of Namibe is mainly desert, it does have a vast savanna
area in the north, where the inhabitants have always been engaged in grazing
cattle. An increase in cattle breeding has therefore become essential to
the development of the region.

Although somewhat reduced, the total number.of heads of cattle amounts to
400, of which 70 are dairy cattle. The provincial delegate for agriculture
did not hide his optimism concerning the prospects for increasing the herds.
He said that there are plans to establish a cattle-breeding unit for this
purpose, once the cattle have been duly selected.

12942/9738
cso: 3442/260

20



opportunity were presented to me,
I'd probably go the route Bob did,”
says Eastman Kodak MD Dick
Ferris.

The apparent schizophrenia re-
flects the frustration and confusion
many executives feel in trying to

effect political change. Business
leaders say they have been satis-
fied with the reaction to group ad-
vertisements, like Amcham’s, op-

osing government policy, but
Rave few ideas about what to do
next.

Likewise, opposition ° political
leaders like Frederik van Zyl Slab-
bert and Mangosuthu Buthelezi, in
recent public addresses, have cited
the need for business involvement
while admitting they lack a practi-
cal strategy for implementation.

What can we expect, then, of
business? For the time being, it
seems, politically-orientated ad-
vertisements aré out: Ackerman
says a questionnaire delivered to
92 SA executives recently found ,
concensus that “another ad would *
be counter-productive”.

/12828

CSO:

3400/150

A.. civil disobedience is widely
condemned. “Where there is an o
portunity to change things, we will
devote whatever resources we
can,” says Kodak’s Ferris. “But
we're not about to go around blow-
ing things up.”

Business leaders talk more often
and more comfortably about cre-
ating a “co-operative environ-
ment” for change — by initiating
special programmes for develop-
ment of black managers, by sup-
porting educational programmes
and, in general, by showing in-
creasing awareness of and sensi-
tivity to the economic needs of
their employees and their commu-
nities. . t

For now, it seems, these are the
arenas in which business will pro-
duce substantial change — and ac-
tions like White's will remain the
exception.

87



MINISTER REVIEWS COMMUNICATIONS PLANS, SATELLITE POSSIBILITY

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 19 Jul 86 pp 1, 17

[Article by Martins Nwanne]

[Text]

/12828
CSO:

N. IGERIA is
seriously cunside-
ring launching her
National Satellite by
1990, Minister of
Communications, Col.
Tanko Ayuba said in
Apapa yesterday.

‘The Minister made the
disclosure at the two-
day seminar organised
by the Nigerian Army
Signals holding at the
Army School of
Signels,Apapa, Lagos,
on “Troposheric Scatter
Systein (TROPO) as
means of
communication”,

Col. Ayuba disclosed
that Nigerian Telecomu-
nications Limited
(NITEL) “is already in
the process of upgrading
some of its DOMSAT
earth stations and would
soon introduce
International Business
Service (IBS),

He said that these and
more steps were being
taken by his ministry,
not only to improve the
telecommunications
services in the country,
but also to meet
demands from
companies and business
sector.

3400/148

"According to him “the
national microwave
transmission system is
already on over 80 per
cent ‘completion and
with the issuance of
import licences to the
contractors concerned,
the system would soon
becompleted”, .
He traced the history

.of TROPO systems

which he said are used
by the military, oil.
companies and other
organisations,

Col. Ayuba observed
that the system ‘can
provide adequate
channels required for
communications and
still overcome the
limited range of some
military — multi-channel
systems like radio relay
system and
requirements for
numerous repeater
stations in the case of
line Of sight (LOS)
«microwave systems.

He said that TROPO
is increasingly being
used in military services
and in some cases, in
eolated links in static or
mobile configurations.

The minister said that,
the Nigerian Army
Signals embarked on a

41

communication system
called static
communications project
about ten years ago.
‘The project ran into
problems, some of which
were lack of adequate
planning data being
made available to
manufacturers,
inadequacy of the
system to meet the
Army's __ strategic

requirement and
haphazard execution of
the projects.

JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

NIGERIA



NP'S CONSIDERATION OF NONALIGNED,

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 30 Jun 86 p7

[Commentary by Hugh Roberton]

{Text ]

FOR more than.a dec-
ade the silly notion has
been swilling around
inside the National
Party that South Afri-
ca under their aegis
could cease to be a
“Western” country and
could adopt a neutral
stance in its interna-
tional relations.

Until recently the
idea was dismissed as
one of the less-credi-
ble brainstorms to
have emanated from
the NP’s policy entre-
preneurs.

But suddenly it
seems to have been
taken seriously.

President P.W.
Botha personally told
the nation on television
last week that if his
Government was
“forced” to go it atone,
“it must not be.expect-
ed of us to be parti-
san”.

At first glance his
warning seemed to
have been aimed at the
party faithful who like
to think that they have
some unsullied virtue
which the world is
clamouring to possess.

But in the following
days he and his Gov
ernment began to turn
rather fractious in
their relations with the
US and the rest of the
Western world, sug-
gesting that they might
actually believe in the
theory of “neutrality”.

There was what
American officials de-
scribed as a “bug-off”
response from Mr
Botha to President
Reagan’s communica-
tion about the state of
emergency, which was
seen as an ungracious
response to a long-suf-
fering friend.

‘Then there was the
public embarrassment
of the US Ambassador,
Mr Herman Nickel, by
the NP’s electronic
mouthpiece, the SABC,
which announced that
the Ambassador had
declined to be inter-
viewed by the SABC on
“discrimination”
against blacks and in-
digenous Indians in the
US, a peg on which was
hung a retinue of gra-

tuitous criticism and
innuendo.

82

‘JPRS-SSA-86~087
26 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NEUTRAL RSA SEEN AS LUDICROUS

If the SABC were in-
dependent its “report”
on Mr Nickel could
have been seen merely
as a clumsy misjudg-
ment by a functionary.
But we all know who
pulls the strings at
Auckland Park.

There is no way that
\the personal represen-
tative in South Africa
of the President of the
US could have been
villified without the
SABC’s political bosses
having given the nod, if
not the order.

When the US Embas-
sy suggested an alter-
native in Mr William
Burroughs, its Consul-
General in Cape Town, -
who has served in US
Government anti-dis-
crimination pro-
grammes, he was re-
jected by the SABC.

Why? I would guess
because he is black
(and also disarmingly
frank) and would thus
have made the SABC's
questioning on “dis-
crimination” look ab-
surd.

Ambassador Nickel
finally offered to be in-



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

ZIMBABWE

TOPICS FOR NONALIGNED SUMMIT PREVIEWED
MB280515 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1446 GMT 27 Jul 86

[Text] Harare, 27 July, SAPA--The current preparations for the 8th non-
aligned summit are characterised by the prevailing tendency to keep unity by
opting for non-alignment and its authentic principles, as well as by an
increasingly apparent readiness for undertaking joint action, and, generally
for a more active assertion of the movement in current international
relations.

ZIANA reports that this assessment was adopted during a recent New Delhi
ministerial meeting of the Coordinating Bureau of Non-aligned Countries while
reviewing the current preparation for the eighth summit. Meanwhile, the
political preparation for the forthcoming meeting has been shifted to Harare
as well as to the United Nations, where the Coordinating Bureau actually works
as the preparatory committee for the summit.

Peace and security, defence of independence, hotspots of crisis, international
economic problems and disarmament as well as the need for the non-aligned
movements more efficient action, constitute the essence of the debate in the
current rounds of preparation for the summit. In this respect everybody is
underlining the importance for the summit to be held in Zimbabwe.

If we were to attempt to summarise the common aspects of the basic views
expressed so far in New Delhi, the United Nations and Harare, as well as in
other non-aligned countries, this would include staunch support for the
authentic principles and aims of non-alignment and its greater role in
international relations, a denunciation of all forms of aggression, occupation
and domination, the unanimous demand that a solution be sought to burning
economic problems.

As a matter off fact, no one questioned the principles of non-aligned nor
sought to re-adjust them, or to change the movements orientation with regard
to bloc policies. However, there were observations to the effect that the
principles were not being consistently implemented.

More than ever before, emphasis was laid on cohesion and the need for

cooperation, especially in economic fields. At the same time, there are many
who are recalling the historic contribution of the founders of non-alignment--
Tito, Hehru, Nasir, Nkrumah and Sukharno. General tribute was paid to India,

59



terviewed once news
restrictions had been
lifled in South Africa

a wise decision.

But why all the nas-
tiness to people who
have gone out of their
way to be accommo-
dating? Leaders, even
those prone to bad-
temper and impetuous
judgments, do not em
bark upon this sort of
course without expect-
ing to derive some ben-
efit.

What benefit could
there be for the NP in
lashing out at its few
remaining friends in
the world and by
threatening to become
“neutral”?

The conclusion that
presents itself most
readily is that they be-
lieve their go-it-alone
bravado might some-
how intimidate the
West into taking a
softer line on apart-

/13104
cso: 3400/244

heid, a more cautious
attitude to sanctions;
that an intolerable irri-
tant might finally be
brushed off.

But for this to work,
the threat to hecome
“neutral” would have
to be credible. It is not.

The prospect of the
communist bloc or the
Third World embrac-
ing an international
pariah is, of course, lu-
dicrous. *

The only major mar;
ket for South African
exports is the West.

Indeed, South Afri-
ca’s main mineral

competitors are the,

very countries which
would have to hecome
“friends” if the country
were to be “neutral”.
Try naming the

countries outside the
West which, in the case
of a go-it-alone South
Africa, would not allow

83

ideological differences
to influence economic
relations. No combina-
tion of them amounts
to a serious alternative
to Western trading
partners.

And what would be-
come of the genera-
tions of Nationalists
reared on a regimen of
being a Western “bas-
tion” in Africa? As we
have seen in the case
of other indoctrinated
concepts, they are a
stubborn species.

It is hard indeed to
see how the advance of
Soviet imperialism in
Southern Africa could
be in the NP's or the
country’s interests.

Perhaps President
Botha should quietly
invite Ambassador
Nickel to dinner and
smooth things over. We
can only hope he does.



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

CONTEMPLATION OF NATION'S VICTIMS URGED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 2 Jul 86 p 3
[Article by Adelino Jorge Fernandes]

[Text] "There are men who fight for a day and are good; there are others who
fight for many days and are better; but there are still others who fight all
their lives, and these are the indispensable ones." (Berchot)

A short time ago, we celebrated the 25 June anniversary. It was a day of
festivity, and the drums never stopped. Our hearts beat faster, and they sang
of emotion, sadness, harsh years of battle. This was a festival day, and all
of the people who could celebrated.

This was a happy day, but I would simply ask that a few minutes be spent in
reflection. Here we should remember all of the heroes who fell in the
struggle, all of the aid which came from all of the peoples in the world to
help our cause, and on this day we should remember Mondlane, Josina Machel,
Filipe Samuel Magaia, Francisco Manyanga~-in a word, all of the heroes.

On a day such as this we became independent, and now that 11 years have
passed, we should for this reason be joyful. But we must also reflect on this
day of festivity as we celebrate, because on this day and still today many
men, women and children have died and are dying in Tete, the victims of
hunger, and many men, women and children have died and are dying, the victims
of murder by the armed bandits. Also on this day, many Mozambicans are
celebrating by defending the fatherland.

Harsh were the years which have passed, but those which are to come will have
to be hard as well. The progress in the economic and political sectors has
been significant and our determination to fight has increased. On the grains
of sand which cover Mozambique from Rovuma to Maputo, on each new grain of
sand, yet another Mozambican citizen, combative and determined, is born, yet
another man who believes in peace and happiness rises up.

But this is a day of celebration, and I beg for a few minutes of reflection.
For though it is a day of celebration, our brothers, fathers and grandfathers
are still suffering. In southern Africa there are still people suffering
from the most brutal oppression. Even as 25 June approached, the South

28



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

ANGOLA

LAW ON FOREIGN TECHNICAL ASSISTANTS APPROVED IN LUANDA

Lisbon DIARIO DE NOTICIAS in Portuguese 3 Jun 86 p 28

[Text] A law passed yesterday by the president of the People's Republic of
Angola, Jose Eduardo dos Santos, approved the statute on foreign technical
assistants, annulling all previous regulations “which actually revealed cer-
tain deficiencies and omissions."

According to the law, published in the official gazette, the indispensable
prerequisites for hiring foreign technical assistants are that "they have not
renounced the Angolan citizenship or benefitted from scholarships or profes-
sional training financed by the People's Republic of Angola."

As for the duties of the foreign technical assistants, the document specifies
that they must put all their commitment into the accomplishment of their
professional activity, transmit their technical or scientific expertise to the
Angolan workers, and protect the property of the enterprise or state body

by which they are employed.

On the other hand, foreign technical assistants are subject to payment of
taxes and duties in accordance with the law and they are not allowed to
exercise any political activity within the Angolan territory, neither to
exercise any other remunerated activity within the national territory, with-
out authorization from the Ministry of Labor.

Foreign technical assistants have the right to pay for their travel with cur-
xency from the country in which they were hired, and they have the option,
in the case of a contract with a duration of more than 2 years, to travel

with their families.

Foreign technical assistants have also the right to transfer abroad, monthly,
part of their salary, in accordance with the terms of their respective con-

tract.

In case of illness.certified by the National Board of Health, and after all
local resources have been exhausted, the law stipulated that the employees

or the members of their families can travel abrod to receive medical treat-

ment.


COMPUTER CENTERS PLANNED FOR REGISTRATION, ID CARD PROGRAMS

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 19 Jul 86 p 3

[Text]

/12828

JE Minister of Inter-

nal Affairs, Col.
John Shagaya, announced
in Bauchi Thursday that
the Federal Government
planned to build one
computer centre each in
the 19 states of the
federation and Abuja to
to ensure the smooth take-
off of the national civic
registration and identity
card scheme.

Col. Shagaya told the
News Agency of Nigeria
(NAN) in Bauchi at the
end of a one-day visit to
establishments under his
ministry in the state that
contract for the buildings
of the centres would be
signed in two weeks’ time.

He said that although
the project was originally
conceived by the
Obasanjo Regime in 1976

CSO: 3400/148

at a cost of N17 million, ,
the cost rose to N95
million during the Shagari
Administration.

‘The minister said that
since 490° million’ has
already been paid out for
computer components
under the scheme, the
government had no choice
but to continue with it.
He said that he had
dispatched some officials,
to France: where the
components were being
manufactured to ensure
their genuiness. and to
refurbish them if
necessary to ensure that,
they would not pose
problems when installed.

‘The co-ordinator of the
scheme, Alhaji Aliyu
Yari, said that from
enquiries by members of
the public, it was obvious
that most Nigerians were
mthusiastic about the
plementation of the
identity card project.

43

JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

NIGERIA



SERS SSA-86-087
6 August 1986

ANGOLA

ITALIAN INDUSTRIAL GROUP MEETS WITH OFFICIALS
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 10 Jun 86 p 12

[Text] An official mission of the IRI group, Institute for Industrial
Reconstruction, which controls about 500 Italian companies with joint capital,
visited Luanda in the early days of this month, according to a notice received
from the Italian Embassy accredited to our country.

The companies controlled by the Institute for Industrial. Reconstruction
operate in the most important sectors of the economy and of industry: banking,
steel, engineering, energy, telecommunications, electronics, infrastructure,
civil engineering, and agroindustry. Alitalia and Radio Television of the
State are two of the companies controlled by IRI.

According to the notice, which reached our office yesterday, the mission was
within the scope of the Italian government's development cooperation policy
and under the auspices of the Italian Embassy in Luanda. It said that the
group was received by the minister of state for production and for energy and
petroleum, Pedro de Castro Van-dunem "Loy," and that they also met with
Emilio Guerra, the Angolan minister for fisheries and co-president of the
Angolan-Italian Joint Commission, with Galvao Branco, vice minister of
industry, and with the minister of planning, Henriques Silva.

Examined during the meetings, it was further reported, were areas for coopera—
tion between Angolan state enterprises and those of the IRI group, which
already operate in the People's Republic of Angola in various sectors,

among which is the restructuring of the FATA pipe factory in the municipality
of Viana, by the ITALIMPIANTI Company.

12942/9738
cso: 3442/260



TRADITIONAL RULER URGES AFRC TO DISBAND POLITICAL BUREAU

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 21 Jul 86 p 11

{Artic

[Text]

/12828
CSO:

le by Anene Ozoagu]

THE Armed Forces Ruling
Council (AFRC) has been urged
to call off the national political
debate and disband the political
bureau.

This call was made by Oloye
Dapo Daramola, the Odofin
Aiyede-Ekiti in a press release
sent to the Political Bureau and
released to newsmen in Lagos.

Chief Daramola said the debate
was a waste of time and funds
and an unnecessary and
avoidable diversion.

He said that in place of the
bureau, state consultative
assemblies of traditional rulers
should be inaugurated in every
local government area
throughout the country.

Chief Daramola said that this
assemblies of traditional rulers
should be made to inherit the
terms of reference of the bureau
within their state and report and
recommend through their respec-
tive military governors within
three months.

He said that while the political
bureau was morally right for the
AFRC the traditional rulers
assemblics was necessary for
public good and for the restora-
tion of public confidence and in-

3400/148

terest in the process of national
reconstruction.

On the 10 years ban imposed on
politiciaris and public officers, he
said that the AFRC has effective-
ly rendered the proceedings of
the political bureau as
superfluous and irrelevant.

Chief Daramola said that even
if the AFRC did not intend to give
the impression that it had pre-
empted the political bureau “it
has failed to disguise its apparent
drift from the main issue and pro-
blem”’. .

He said that the two tasks the
AFRC said it was committed to
were “fo execute the damaged
control programme on the inhe-
rited government insolvency”
and “to restore the right of self-
determination which the
Shagari electoral landmines of
1983 had blown to bits”.

He said that even though
mistakes were inevitable ‘‘the
consistency with which the AFRC
has tended to move in the op-
posite direction of declared inten-
tions and its apparent inclination
to act first and ask questions
later, critically undermines
its credibility”.

37

JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

NIGERIA



Supplies had been reaching the three municipalities of Chitato, Cambulo and
Lucapa until last year. This year, the Domestic Trade Commission was able to
supply Cuango also. Supplies were not being sent prior to this for known
reasons.

The province has approximately 700 tons of foodstuff in Luanda and about 100
million kwanzas worth of capital goods awaiting delivery. The ETP does not
have the necessary equipment to transport all of this.

For the past 3 years, Lunda-Norte has not been supplied on a regular basis.
The province is governed by a special statute that only permits state con-
trolled trade to take place.

As Mauricio Pereira continued on the same topic, he added that an attempt
will be made supply the province's nine municipalities. The planning to
bring this about will have to come out of Luanda. The Luanda/Lunda-Norte
route will facilitate this. We must avoid having goods pass through Chitato
and then to the other municipalities. Every effort is being made to supply
Emprotel so that later its Cuango facility may be reopened after being closed
for 3 years.

Transportation Difficulties

As for the difficulties being encountered by the delegation in finding trans-
portation for goods, Mauricio Pereira confided that with the help of the
provincial commissar, "We are attempting to resolve some problems that, at
first, appeared to have no solution." DIAMANG will assist the Domestic
Trade Commission by hiring five trucks to transport almost 40 tons of goods
each from Luanda."

The other major difficulties facing the provincial commission is the lack of
trained people, especially in bookkeeping and billing. .In a few days, three
Vietnamese bookkeepers will arrive to serve as trade advisers.

Construction

Construction of a supermarket is planned for 1986. It will have the capacity
to serve 4,000 Chitato workers daily. Home construction is also being planned
for workers who may be transferred.

Party and Union Organizations

The Lunda-Norte Domestic Trade Commission has a single party cell, union
organization and militant organization. The relationship among these groups
is great and every effort has been made to spread activities to other areas.

In addition to the party and union organizations, the MINCI [Domestic Trade
Ministry] has classrooms for literacy programs. The teachers in these pro-
grams are all from within. At this time, there are no illiterate workers in
the delegation.

9935/9738
CSO: 3442/262

16



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

ANGOLA

PRODUCTION OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS IN HUILA SHOWS PROMISE
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 6 Jun 86 p 3

[Text] Lubango--The construction materials industry in Huila Province, which
processes local raw materials for construction, had a good record for the first
quarter of this year, showing production figures for lime and tiles of
11,113,200.

Accoring to Jose Correia, the provincial director of the enterprise we con-
tacted, they expect to do even better this year with the arrival of explo-
sives and cement which were so badly needed, mainly.to finish the central
hospital project, which has not been completed for various reasons.

At present, support is being received from the Construction Ministry. Jose
Correia pointed out that these results have been achieved despite shortages
in lubricants and spare parts, and despite the fact that the ceramics divi-
sion has not been operating because of weather problems, and neither has the
carpentry section because of wood shortages. He added that shortly the in~
dustry would be more dynamic, despite the fact that the ceramics factories
in. Hoque and Caculuvale were affected by the torrential rains which have
devastated the province this year.

When we asked about the extended meeting of heads of provincial offices of
the Ministry of Construction and referred to the repair and restructuring
campaign taking place in some units, he said that his office had complied
with 90 percent of the plan to beautify the city by providing lime and bricks.

The provincial director also said that the industries had done an excellent
job on the production plans devised for later execution, but that one of
the problems encountered was a shortage of lubricants, fuel, equipment and
machinery, spare parts, rolling stock, immovable property, carts, and raw
materials, which is why the ceramics factories in Caculuvale and Hoque have
been paralyzed.

He mentioned that there are campaigns to make general repairs on some equip-
ment in various industries to improve operations. As for the wood sector,
he indicated that they are waiting for a shipment of wood from Cabinda to
put that industry in full operation, and later to provide support for the
Dr Agostinho Neto central hospital project (according to installed capac-

ity).

11



NP's Consideration of Nonaligned, Neutral RSA Seen as Ludicrous

(Hugh Roberton; THE DAILY NEWS, 30 Jun 86) ....... 82
Natal PFP Leader Fears Consequences of New Exco System
(Bruce Cameron; THE DAILY NEWS, -30 Jun 86) .. eee 84

ECONOMY

Business Leaders Debate Pros, Cons of Social, Political Role
(K. H. Hammonds; BUSINESS DAY, 23 Jul 86) s..ssseeetereees 86

Private Sector Said Not Doing Its Part in Low-Cost Housing
(Linda Ensor; BUSINESS DAY, 25 Jul 86) ....ceeseeeeseeeee . 88

Inflation Rate Decline Offers ‘Glimmer of Light'
(BUSINESS DAY, 23 Jul 86)°...... eee er 89

Role of Financial Rands Explained
(Harold Fridjhon; BUSINESS DAY, 15 Jul 86) ......-.eseeeee 90

Failure of Triomf Fertilizer Plant Due to World Market
(BUSINESS DAY, 16 Jul 86) feiss secs eet c ce esc cece eee eeeee 92

Pick 'n Pay Chain Planning Moves Into Black Market
(Dianna Games; BUSINESS DAY, 21 Jul 86) -s.ccsceeeeeeeeeees 93

Pessimistic Coal Employment Reduction Predictions Disputed
(David Furlonger; BUSINESS DAY, 23 Jul 86) .....+ssseeeeee 94

Black Taxi Minibus Market Shows Spectacular Growth

(Arnold Van Huyssteen; BUSINESS DAY, 23 Jul 86) °.. bee 95
Briefs
Fewer Engineers 97
Fishing Talks With Namibia 97
Maize Exports Facing Glut 98
No Change in Immigration Policy . 98
Mechanization Effect on Mining 98
INDUSTRIAL

Possible Effects of Sanctions on Truck Market Discussed
(Colin Haynes; BUSINESS DAY, 23 Jul 86) .....eeseeeeeceees 99

Transport Services Show Surplus in First Quarter
(Gerald Reilly; BUSINESS DAY, 23 Jul 86) .....eseeeeeeeeee 100

/9986



DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY IN CISKEL EVALUATED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 18 Jul 86 p 6

{Article by K H Hammonds]

[Text]

AN HOUR'S drive north-west
of East London, Ciskei’s new
capital city is rising steadily
from the plain.

Today, Bisho bears all the trap-
pings of newfound prosperity. Two
years ago nothing was here; now, a
post office, Barclays Bank and the
Ciskei Building Society have
opened their doors. A new munici-
pal centre is on the way, as is an
airport.

And on the hills above the city
centre stand hundreds of newly-
built houses on newly-surveyed
streets. They are solid and clean,
some undeniably impressive.

Bisho is Ciskei’s showplace, a
testament to the free market poli-
cies that have brought 127 new
businesses into the independent
state and created 25 000 industrial

jobs.

Bisho may be the showplace, but
most of the country remains in
rural poverty with a meagre agri-
cultural economy.

In the sprawling townships of
Mdantsane and in Zwelitsha most
housing is a far cry from the spark-
ling dwellings of the capital city.

Ciskei officials seem well aware
of this reality. The stated goal of
President Lennox Sebe is “to pro-
vide each Ciskeian with a meal
each day”.

A brochure issued by the De-
partment of Foreign Affairs pro-
claims that “Ciskeians are natural
farmers” but the buzzword in Bi-
sho these days is industry. Through
industry, communications director
Headman Somtunzi says: “We are
trying by all means to establish a
middle class”.

For nine years, until last year,
Ciskei created industry with a
startlingly generous package of
concessions to outside investors.

The government, through its
Peoples Development Bank, prom-
ised to pay employers’ wage bills
— up.to R110 a month for each
worker — for seven years. Up to
125% of training costs were re-
funded for 10 years, as were 80% of
interest and rental charges. .

It was an expensive proposition
— and too successful. For every
industrial job created, according
to one official, Ciskei paid R20 000
in direct subsidies and R6 000 in
loans; an employer invested
R3 000.

“Where they didn’t do their

homework was in figuring out how
much it would cost if it worked,”
the official said.

And there were abuses. Some
employers removed company pro-
fits as oversized salaries, averag-
ing them with their workers’ pay to
fall within the wage bill subsidy.
Others — notably, textile mills
with little capital investment —
threatened to pull out as soon as
the subsidies had ended.

66

JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

SOUTH, AFRICA

The strategy risked this kind of
blackmail by rewarding employ-
ment rather than fixed investment.

In March 1985, Ciskei dumped
subsidies and embraced the free
market system. Direct financial
incentives were removed for all
but the neediest and most worth-
while of potential investors.

In their place, government abol-
ished the company profits tax, and
set the personal income tax at 15%
with the first R8 000 tax-free. Com-
pany profits repatriated outside

the Ciskei were taxed at 15%, and
the 12% sales tax left intact.

It was supply-side economics in
its purest form. The idea was that
companies which are not taxed on
profits have greater incentive to
reinvest their earnings to expand
operations. This creates more jobs,
and more consumer spending.
Sales tax revenue should rise by
the amount of new investment, and
more individuals will be in a posi-
tion to pay personal income tax.

Conservative economists view
such free market tactics as far
more efficient, in the long run, as a
means of creating government
revenue.

In practice, tax reform has had
little effect on government fi-
nances. Revenue from GST rose to
R19,1m in the 1986 fiscal year,
from R14,7m the year before; per-
sonal income tax declined to
R10,2m from R23,3m.

But both figures are dwarfed by



JPRS-SSA- 86-087
26 August 1986

ANGOLA

BRIEFS

STATE SECURITY OFFICIAL DETAINED--Major Magalhaes, who for a long time headed
the service for personal security of Angolan President Agostinho Neto, was
recently detained in Luanda. Portuguese born ex-commando officer Maj Magalhaes
stood out in the fight that opposed the MPLA to the UNITA and FNLA forces for
the taking over Luanda. Because of such an accomplishment and other services
rendered Agostinho Neto granted him Angolan citizenship, for merit. Until

his detention he was a staff officer of the Angolan Ministry of Security. The
imprisonment of Maj Magalhaes happened in the middle of last month, during an
operation in which about a hundred State Security members were detained. It is
thought, among informed circles, that this operation reflects the fight
between different factions of the Angolan regime, for the control of. the
mighty Ministry of Security. According to the weekly newspaper. EXPRESSO
another one of those detained is Lieutenant Vale, also of Portuguese origin,
who was the prosecutor in the so-called "Kamanga" case. [Text] [Lisbon

O JORNAL in Portuguese 6-12 Jun 86 p 19] 13259/6662

PORTUGUESE MILITARY COOPERATION CRITICIZED--The Portuguese authorities have
have not yet done anything, to our knowledge, to investigate and. repress the
cannon-fodder trade in which the infamous Rosa Coutinho is involved, who,

in spite of his name, Rosa Alva, is the reddest of the flowers ever nurtured
by Soviet imperialism in its garden. It seems, however, that the "Red Admiral,"
one of those responsible for the tragedy that the Angolan people is living,
will not remain unaccountable for much longer. According to well informed
sources, many of the military hired by Rosa Coutinho for the MPLA have already
realized what kind of deals the disgusting man has been making, from selling
to Angola low-quality canvas boots, making believe they are the best that the
Army uses, to putting into his own pocket part of the payments made by the
MPLA to the Portuguese mercenaries. [Text] [Lisbon 0 DIABO in Portuguese

3 Jun 86 p 24] 13259/6662

MERCHANT MARINE ACADEMY--ANOP, ANGOP--The creation in Angola of a lusophone
merchant marine academy will be discussed in the meeting started Tuesday in
Abidjan, Ivory Coast, with the participation of the Angolan minister of trans-
port and communications, Manuel Bernardo de Sousa. Angola's candidacy--

said the Angolan Minister to ANGOP--is due to the technical and material
conditions offered by the Angolan ports, especially that of Lobito.. There
are currently three academies in the African continent, in Ghana, Ivory Coast,
and Egypt, which offer courses of study respectively in English, French, and

21



The second phase of the Soyo development plan involves 10 projects estimated
at $74 million.

The first of the 10 projects has just been completed, and consists of two
floating piers dedicated to oil exploration activities and support for the
fishing and transportation sectors, the latter only recently begun.

The floating piers have a total length of 200 meters, a depth of about 6
meters at mean low water, and a load-bearing capacity of up to 5 tons per
square meter. The cost of this project is budgeted at $15 million.

The other projects include the construction of housing, water and electric
systems, operations centers for fishing and transportation, an industrial
area, sports centers, an expansion of the heliport, and the building of
installations for the companies that provide support services to the oil ex-
ploration activities.

Among these projects, the most important are those that will supply drinking
water and electric power for Kwanda base, Soyo, and its suburbs.

With regard to the water project, it is designed to supply 2,500 cubic meters
per day, and its cost is estimated at $9 million.

The project involves carrying water from the Pangala zone, pumped from 3
wells with a capacity of 20 liters [sic] each, a treatment station that can
handle 3.750 cubic meters [sic] daily, a supply pipeline, storage installa-
tions, and a redistribution network.

At this point, it is expected that the project specification will be com-
pleted’ this month for subsequent release for international bidding. Construc-
tion is forecast to begin this November, and it is estimated that it will
require 18 months.

As for the supply and distribution of electric power and other industrial
development .projects, it is expected that Kwanda base, Soyo, and its suburbs
will all benefit.

As a result of this project it is predicted that the present. power capacity
of 3.5 megawatts will be increased to 10 megawatts based upon the installa-
tion of a gas turbine thermal plant that can double present output.

The choice of this type of plant is based upon the presence of natural gas
in the. région, which lowers costs, and also upon the lower costs of mainten-
ance and operation that such equioment requires.

Construction costs are budgeted at $13 million, and the project specifica-
tion ought to be completed this month. When international bidding has been
reviewed, it is projected that construction would begin. in November, at the
same time as the water supply project, and that they would be completed
within 16 months.



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

CABO DELGADO GOVERNMENT REPRESENTATIVE MEETS WITH PEMBA MUSLIMS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 23 Jun 86 p 2

[Text] The believers in Islam living in Pemba, the capital of the province of
Cabo Delgado, expressed to the local government their desire to participate
in various sectors of economic and social life in a search for solutions to
the problems hindering the development of our country. They expressed this
desire in a meeting held several days ago with the representative of the
government of Cabo Delgado, Adelino Muianga, following the Idi Fitre
commemoration ceremony.

This was a ceremony which, without neglect of the Islamic religious rituals,
nonetheless served to demonstrate the involvement of this community in the
problems of the country, because as the people said, they are Mozambicans
above all.

The ceremony, which was held in front of the provincial government premises,
was attended by government and party leaders, as well as dozens of other
individuals who stopped by from time to time.

In a short message delivered on this occasion, the Islamic community asked,
after speaking of the passing of Idi Fitre and thanking the party and
government, that the president of the republic be informed of their readiness,
as Mozambican citizens, to take on whatever task might be assigned to them

“The Islamic community of Pemba also wants to confirm that, as more time
passes, it has a better understanding that the practice of religion is really
free in Mozambique, and it thus denies the insinuations of the enemies of the
fatherland who are trying to make the world believe that the FRELIMO opposes
religion, that religious faith is persecuted in Mozambique, and that believers
are subject to discrimination in our country,” the message of the Islamic
community said.

It went on to add: "The facts bear out our words. We know in fact that under
the protection of the national flag which covers us all, this is truly the
fatherland of Mondlane."

Vice Minister of Education Paulo Adelino Muianga, for his part, speaking as
the representative of the Cabo Delgado provincial government, thanked the

26



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK TAXI MINIBUS MARKET SHOWS SPECTACULAR GROWTH
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 Jul 86 p 20

[Article by Arnold Van Huyssteen] “Thé expected change in legislation to

[Text] THE black taxi minibus market has

grown spectacularly since the 1970's
and is seen in many quarters as the most
successful black participation to date in
the free market economy.

Applying true entrepreneurial spirit, black
taxi operators breached accepted norms,
standards and even regulations in their quest
for legitimacy.

In the process, the bus industry lobbied
heavily to try and stop the “illegal” opera-
itors. But even government's Welgemoed
Commission report on the industry has now
‘apparently been shelved, allowing “illegal”
operators to run their highly successful busi-
nesses in CBD areas.

‘This popular service to the black com-
munity has created an added market for SA
minibus manufacturers and helped boost an-
nual sales. But sales to blacks still represent
only a third of total minibus market in SA,
says market leader Toyota.

“Mini-bus sales represent about 7,5% of
our total turnover. Our sales for 1984 and
1985 were R94m and R103 respectively,
while 1986 sales to date amount to R42m.
This is against total minibus sales turnover
of R290m, R263m and R118m respectively,”
says Toyota's Flip Wilken.

Wilken says Toyota is current market
leader with a 36,6% penetration, followed by
Volkswagen (VW) with 30,9% and Nissan
with 19,2% of the minibus market.

He adds transport deregulation could in-
crease the market, which grew from 16,1%
of the total light commercial vehicle (LCV)
market in 1985, to 17,8% in 1986. Ot

“In absolute terms sales into the taxi sec-
tor have declined in line with the LCV mar-
ket, although the taxi segment has increased
its share of the minibus market slightly over
the period 1984 to 1986 (year to date),” says
Wilken. .

Toyota expects its black minibus sales of
3.600 units a year to grow by 15%-20%, “as-
suming further urbanisation and relaxation
of the permit system.

95

make 16-seater buses legal will have a posi-
tive influence, as will expected urbanisation
developments,” says Wilken.

‘VW claims leadership of the 10-seater
minibus market — selling 1 630 units, or 41%
of total sales in the period January to May,
1986. This is up on its 32,9% penetration in
1985, but still down on its penetration of
46,8% in 1984 and 52,2% in 1983.

In January to April, total minibus sales
were Ri00,7m, of which VW contributed
R32,9m or 32,7%. For May alone it increased
its market share slightly to $4,1% or R9,9m
sales out of a total of R29,1m.

Minibus sales, as percentage of total VW
sales turnover, also slumped from 1984’s
18,4% to 9,8% in 1985. But it has since recov-
ered to 11,3% in the January to May, 1986
period. .

Ronnie Kruger, VW’'s public affairs direc-
tor, says the minibus market grew strongly
in 1984. However, in 1985 it dropped slightly
more than did the total LCV market. “Year-
to-year volumies are 5,1% below 1985 levels,
but as a share of the total LCV market it has
grown by 1,1% to 17,6%. The 1984 growth
took place mainly in the 15/16-seater
models,” he says.

Kruger says sales of 15/16 seaters grew
from 19,5% of total minibus sales in 1983 to
24,6% in 1986. “This is evidence of the grow-
ing black taxi market. We see this market
remaining as a stable and important
part of the total vehicle market,” he says.

Both VW and Toyota agree that the major
growth potential for black taxi sales re-
mains in the major urban markets. Toyota
puts its rural sales at some 25% of total
minibus sales and expects them to remain
“fairly low,” compared with metro sales. In
fact, the PWV area represents some 30% of
total Toyota minibus sales, while VW puts its
PWV sales at some 40% of total sales in 1986.

But VW’s sales to black buyers remain far
below the market average of its 1986 mini-
bus sales, only 2,4% went to black buyers.



SPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

PRIVATE SECTOR SAID NOT DOING ITS PART IN LOW-COST HOUSING

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 25 Jul 86 p 3

[Artic

[Text]

/12828
cso:

le by Linda Ensor]

TUE private sector has been tardy in
providing low-cost housing for the
poor, figures presented at a Johan-
nesburg conference this week show.

Urban Foundation Family Housing
Association GM Matthew Nell told
the conference — Housing Under a
New Dispensation — the black hous-
ing backlog stood at 538 000.

He provided figures which showed
that between 1980 and 1984 the pri-
vate sector provided 2,72 units a 1000
members of the black urban popula:
tion compared to the 7,3 units sup-
plied by the public sector.

Nell said whites had a surplus of
37 000 houses, coloured people had a
shortage of 52 000 and Indians a short-
age of 44000.

LTA Construction MD Ian Robin-
son said about 80000 housing units
were required by the black commun-
ity annually. But during the last five
years an average of only 8 000 units
were built annually.

Furthermore, black urbanisation
was estimated to increase by between
8-million and 13-million by 2000 with
only 40% of the black population (ex-
cluding coloureds and Indians) now
being urbanised.

3400/150

President's Council member Dries
Oosthuizen said: “The first challenge
is whether the private sector can suf-
ficiently cope with the provision of
low cost housing, which in the past
was the almost exclusive task of the
public sector.”

He said his impression so far was
that the private sector had focused
4 redominantly on the upper strata of

e black and coloured communites.

However, speakers disagreed over
whether it was the State’s or the pri-
vate sector's role to provide afford-
able housing for poor people.

Institute for Housing of SA presi-
dent Llewellyn Lewis said it was pre-
dominantly government’s task, with
the private sector — including build-
ing societies — being involved onl
above a certain low-income cut-off
point.

Others said self-help housing and
site-and-service schemes were the
only alternative for low-income
groups and the private sector could
play a role in that.

Nell said the State should play a
role facilitating and regulating pri-
vate sector initiative rather than
directly supplying houses. That
should be the task of the private sec-
tor — defined broadly to include the
formal and informa) business sectors
and householders.

88

SOUTH AFRICA



The PDS is also studying a project that will be.of benefit to Cabinda Pro-
vince. This involves the construction of a service center for the fishing
industry that would be located within the Soyo commercial piers and extend
for 100 meters along the coast.

The project, estimated at $13 million, comprises installations for the
production of ice and fish meal, drying operations, fish oil production,
refrigeration, support services, sales, and a fleet of trucks.

This operation is expected to achieve a monthly production level of 432 tons
of frozen, dried, and smoked fish, as well as fish meal and fish oil for
distribution to the various Angolan provinces.

The project has been under study since January of this year at the Fishing
Ministry, and upon approval the project specifications will be prepared
for international bids. Construction is expected to take 18 months.

The second half of the commercial piers is for the use of the Transport and
Communications Ministry, and includes an administrative section, storage
areas for export products, and a restaurant.

It is hoped that the convenience of these commercial piers will diminish the
congestion problems at the port of Luanda and improve the distribution net-
work of essential goods to the provinces.

The project specifications were completed in 1985, and international bids
will be solicited at the same time as those for the fisheries project. The
cost of the project is estimated at $4 million.

Another PDS project that has great importance from the social standpoint is
the construction of two residential zones, one at Kwanda base and the other

at Soyo.

The Soyo residential area will include 15 residential plocks and the official
residence of the municipal commissioner, as well as support structures. At
Kwanda base 50 residences will be built to offset the lack of housing for

oil company workers employed in that region.

The project, which was released for international bids at the end of last
year, and for which the contractor was chosen last April, has not yet been
approved by the Planning Ministry.

The project will cost about $15 million, and will take 16 months to complete.

There are other projects that are complementary to the second phase of PDS;
namely the construction of an industrial center for the French oil company
E1f£ Aquitaine to support operations in Block 3, expansion of the heliport,
and the construction of installations for companies providing support services.



PES.

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 Jul 86 p L

[Article by David Furlonger]

[Text]

CHAMBER of Mines warnings of drastic
cuts in coal exports — with a resultant
35% cut in mining jobs — are disputed
by government figures and by industry
analysts.

They say coal exports this year are
running only slightly behind 1985 levels
and that if certain markets do dry up,
others — including Eastern Europe —
will take up part of the slack.

And last night the National Union of
Mineworkers (NUM) warned of “mas-
sive industrial action” if retrenchments
took place.

Calling the chamber threat “irrespon-
sible”, it said: “Instead of addressing
themselves to real problems facing the
coal industry in the country, they seem
to be using the sanctions campaign to
legitimise retrenchments.”

‘The chamber had said in a statement
earlicr that the coal-mining industry
was beginning to feel the effects of the
international sanctions campaign. Den-
mark had banned SA coal imports, there
was a “dramatic” fall-off in exports to
France and increasing resistance to SA
coal from other foreign buyers.

The Transvaal Coal Owners’ Associ-
ation (TCOA) had reported a 17% fall-off
in exports so far this year.

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The chamber warned that if an appeal
in the European parliament for total
sanctions was successful, the Far Kast
could follow suit.

“If this occurred,” said the statement,
“the employment of up to 35% of the
coal sector's 110000 employees ofall
races could be jeopardised. And as each
employce is estimated to have an aver-
age of five dependants, nearly 200000
men, women and children could be de-
prived of their means of living.”

It said chamber members had already
begun making contingency plans to lay
off workers.

Quite apart from the fact that its sums
are wrong on the number of people af;
fected by mass retrenchments — 40 000
laid-off workers, plus five dependants
apiece, is 240 000 people, not 200 000 —
the chamber’s calculations are not sup-
ported by other sources.

Provisional figures from the Minerals
Bureau, in the Department of Mineral
and Jinergy Affairs, reveal that exports
in the first four months of this year were

running at only slightly below 1985 lev-

els.

While department officials say part of
this may be customers stocking up be-
fore further sanctions are imposed, the
bureau estimates exports this year will
total 43-million tons, only slightly down
on the 44,3-million tons sold last year.
Total coal production, says deputy di-
rector Arnold Granville, is Tikely
crease, from 173-million to 175-million
tons.

Gencor coal CE Graham Thompson
recently predicted that 1986 exports will
drop by up to 4-million tons on the 44,3-
million sold last year.

Even a figure ot around 40-million
would be considerably above previous
years. Exports have grown dramatically

94

JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

SIMISTIC COAL EMPLOYMENT REDUCTION PREDICTIONS DISPUTED

from the 29,1-million tons sold abroad in
1980. Even in 1983, SA was selling only
30-million tons for export.

Explaining why its exports had fallen
17% this year, while all other indications
suggested overall levels holding steady,
TCOA MD Leslie Weiss said his group
had been particularly exposed in Den-
mark and France.

He was pessimistic about the pros-
pects of finding replacement markets.

Coal-market analysts, however, said
there was considerable scope for re-
routing SA coal exports.’ They said East-
ern European countries, in particular,
would become an important market. .



scm scccccrcascccaccccccacacamcacssaammaaasamamaac——————————— i wl,

JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF SANCTIONS ON TRUCK MARKET DISCUSSED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 Jul 86 p 18

[Article by Colin Haynes]

[Text]

EVEN severe international sanctions
cannot prevent the wheels of SA com-
merce and the military from rolling.

The controversial truck local content pro-
gramme, which so far has made little tech-
nological or economic sense, at least prom-
ises to live up to one of its main political
objectives — market growth.

‘his year, the average local content b:
mass of the Atlantis Diesel Engine (ADE),
the standard power units for SA civil and
military trucks, will exceed 70%. It was
already scheduled to top 80% by the end of
1987, before the sanctions threat started to
turn into a reality.

Informed observers believe the pro-
gramme could be speeded to meet most of
our diesel engine manufacturing and refur-
bishing requirements.

In addition to ADE, with its own foundry
and sophisticated manufacturing lines for
the Perkins and Daimler-Benz families of
engines, there are nearly 60 local supplier
companies.

These are able to provide over 1 000 com-
ponents and have already invested heavily in
order to produce to comparatively high
quality standards.

So far, the low volumes and high invest-
ments required for such specialised preci-
sion components as fuel injection pumps,
some piston rings and turbochargers have
made local manufacture impractical.

However, this could change. It is consid-
ered unlikely that sanctions could effective-
ly cut off supplies of these low-volume, high-
value items of diesel engine equipment.

A similar capacity to manufacture trans-
missions locally has been established around
Astas on the Witwatersrand.

It is intended to take care of the rest of the
typical SA truck’s driveline. Hundreds of

712828
CSO: 3400/150

other companies are producing chassis ana
cab components, or could do so compara-
tively quickly.

Already, due to the downward movement
of the rand, local sourcing of truck equip-
ment is more attractive financially than
ever seemed possible during the 70s and
early 80s.

However, truck manufacturers still smart
from the enormously high cost of re-engi-
neering vehicles to take local powertrains.
They are proving reluctant to push ahead
with further R & D programmes.

This is particularly infuriating for indus-

try leader Mercedes-Benz SA (M-B). M-B
could drop new high-efficiency small-truck
diesel engines into its new smaller trucks,
which would power its bid for a larger slice
of this potential th sector.

Now M-B, which was off to a flying start in
the truck local content programme, faces
the prospect of having to re-engineer new
generations of chassis to take out-dated ver-
sions of its own engine designs.

Inevitably, the local content programme
will delay — if not prevent — certain ad-
vanced technology from reaching SA. The
use of ceramics and new metallurgical tech-
niques is making diesel engines more fuel-
efficient, more powerful for their weight and
less expensive to maintain.

Such technology is already dribbling into
SA in the smaller imported diesels, as these
are able to slip underneath the local content
protection net. But new technology will be
difficult, if not impossible in some cases, for
ADE to deploy.

However, ADE’s defenders say much vf
this technology will be of only marginal
benefit under SA operating conditions for
many years to come.

Top ADE executives maintain they can
keep up with the most important trends.

99



ty, but it will offer the
opportunity to vote in a
political party which has
such a programme.

Finally, then, the peo-
ple must choose. But
their choices are widened
by a Bill of Rights. And if
poverty is not abolished,
then perhaps the political
programme is flawed.
But not the Bill of Rights.

Absolute freedom is
another name for anar-
chy; to avoid that conse-
quence the KwaNatal
proposals set out various
circumstances allowing
such justifiable force as
may be necessary in the
circumstances to effect
an arrest, defence
against unlawful vio-
lence, and action taken
for quelling a riot.

So, too, the circum-
stances justifying the
deprivation of individual
liberty are balanced
against social interests.

A major protection of-
fered here deals with ad-
ministrative justice. This
provides that all admi-
nistrative tribunals and
authorities must follow
basic rights of fairness in
arriving at decisions, and
they must give reasons
for their decisions.

This is also a well-

known South African
common law precept,
providing for judicial
scrutiny of an official's
action.

For example, an Act of
Parliament allows a po-
liceman to detain people
without trial if, in the po-
liceman’s opinion, such
arrest was neccssary.

Examining the conduct
of the policeman, the
judge finds the power of
arrest under the regula-
tions is not an unfettered
power which may be ca-
priciously or arbitrarily
exercised, nor is it a
power which may be ex-
ercised for any reason
whatsoever which may
commend itself as being
sufficient to a member of
a force.

Following this analy-
sis, a Cape Town judge
last week freed Sister
Clare Harkin from
detention.

Interpreting the power
given to the policeman
under the regulations, the
judge sought the aid of an
important common law
principle to determine
the lawfulness of the offi-
cer’s action. The result
favouredi the: liberty ° of
the individual.

However, Government
is well-known for its pen-

Editorial Comment

JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

chant at overriding such
principles through the en-
actment of legislation.

Mr Justice Didcott
said: “... Parliament can
ride roughshod over the
common law and has
done so time and again,
not least in the area of
personal liberty.”

It is precisely for this
reason the KwaNatal Bill
of Rights wishes to pro-
tect that common law
principle from the
extravagances of
Parliament.

The Kwa/Natal Bill of
Rights may mean little
to the United Democratic
Front, the Azanian Peo-
ple’s Organisation, or the
township youth. That
may be because these or-
ganisations hear a famil-
iar, hollow ring.

But who can deny that
an idea does seem to be
taking root? And that
more and more people
are talking about a Bill
of Rights? Surely, its
time must come.

The Bill is not the an-
swer to all our problems.
It does not pretend to be.
But it is a start,

So, if the KwaNatal
Bill of Rights really is
pointless, then South
Africa’s future must
indeed be bleak.

Durban POST NATAL in English 16-19 Jul 86 p 8

[Text]

THE refusal by several major political organi-
sations — and the National Party — to take
part in the KwaNatal indaba may have dent-
ed its status and credibility.

But the proposal last week vy the indaba
of a Bill of Rights, balancing individual liberty
against the wider political interests, has
shown a commitment by the participants to
contribute to a non-racial democracy for
South Africa. ‘

Unlike the three-tier constitution which was
foisted on to the majority, the indaba is an

/42828
CSO: 3400/150

attempt to formulate an acceptable arrange-
ment based on the will of the people. Herein
lies part of our solution.

The involvement of the majority in shaping
South Africa's future is pivotal to the move
towards the society sought by apartheid’s
opponents. A Bill of Rights helps to plot the
contours of the new order.

The indaba is a seminal Initiative in this
direction.

62



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

ADVICE ON TRACING DETAINEES--If you believe a friend or relative has been
detained, contact the Detainees' Parents Support Committee for help and
advice. The DPSC's head office is on the 2nd floor, Khotso House, 42 De
Villiers Street, Johannesburg. The phone number is 23 6664. The head office
will be able to give you details of their representatives in other towns
and cities. The Progressive Federal Party has suggested that people contact
its parliamentary staff with queries about the whereabouts of detainees, so
these can be raised in parliament when it sits again.. In Johannesburg,
toiletries and clothing are being accepted at John Vorster Square once a
week--on Fridays, between 8am and 10am, According to the Government Gazette
announcing the emergency, a detainee held under the regulations can receive
money to buy food or cigarettes. Detainees can receive a single visit--but
only with permission from the police commissioner. Detainees can write to
anyone outside prison--again, if they have the police commissioner's per=
mission. They are entitled to receive a Bible or selected magazines--
subject to approval by the prison commander. They are entitled to open-air
exercise for at least an hour a day and, "where practical", are allowed to
play indoor sport. If you want to apply for permission to visit a

detainee, write to Brigadier Smit, Police Headquarters, Private Bag X302,
Pretoria 0001. [Text][Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 13 Jul 86 p 5]
/12828

cso: 3400/150

68



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

ANGOLA

DIRECTOR OF WATER, SANITATION COMPANY DESCRIBES INEFFICIENCY
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 6 Jun 86 p 3

[Interview with Ricardo Bango, director of the National Water and Sanitation
Enterprise, in Huambo; date not given]

[Text] The Water and Sanitation Enterprise in Huambo impounds, treats, and
distributes water.

According to its director, Ricardo Bango, it has not been operating effective-
ly since the end of 1983 because of equipment problems. We are reprinting
below the interview Ricardo Bango gave JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Huambo:

[Question] What steps have been taken to improve the situation?

[Answer] Party and government agencies have done everything they can to re-
solve the situation as quickly as possible, but the problem lies with the in-
sufficient power of the generating sets ENAS has. However, action has been
taken to import generating sets with the required power, and this will allev-
diate the difficulties caused by water shortages.

Even when the generating sets arrive and are fully operational, it is true
that the number of consumers will exceed the installed capacity, as. our
treatment stations are based on population estimates from the 1970's. We
will therefore of course have problems of restricted water supply.

The most viable solution is to repair the Biopio dam, because otherwise the
problems will persist.

[Question] Is ENAS paralyzed because the pipelines around the outside of
the city have not been repaired?

[Answer] Our pipelines are no longer operational. If the Huambo. road re-
pair project is approved, then the whole problem will. be resolved, but
unfortunately the plan is still under study and we have to wait.

[Question] What are the problems hampering the normal operation of ENAS?

13



/12828
cso:

3400/150

Clearly thé white minibus market re-
mains the major one, although future eco-
nomic and population patterns are bound to
change the situation. ‘

“Rapid rise in new vehicle prices has led
to the minibus becoming more cost-efficient
for families who can no longer afford to run
two cars. ° .

As a result the market is demanding a
higher level of comfort and power. The new
fuel-injected minibus accounts for our domi-
nation of the -10-seater minibus market,”
says Kruger. © * '

96



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

ANGOLA

NAMIBE'S AGRICULTURAL, CATTLERAISING POTENTIAL REPORTED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 12 Jun 86 p 3

[Text] The province of Namibe is mainly desert, with a small area devoted
to agriculture and stock raising. Agriculture is essentially of the subsis-
tence type, but the introduction of more modern techniques of fruit and
vegetable production, cultivation of river bank areas, and use of systems for
utilizing ground water have given a significant impetus to its agricultural
development. Now attention is turning to the recuperation of olive, banana,
and citrus groves and vineyards, as well as dairy cattle, with the object of
advancing steadily toward the goals set in 1973. The production of vegetables
has also merited the attention of local authorities, because this is an area
of the agricultural sector that contributes much in complementing the diet of
the population. -

The provincial delegate for agriculture, Manuel Inacio Pereira (Kamaninga) ,
told JORNAL DE ANGOLA that the olive harvest was very low this year, amounting
to only 40 tons, due to floods that devastated the region and caused the loss
of some olive trees. a

In 1973 olive trees’ covered an area of 400 hectares compared with 240 today,
of which only 100 are in production.

According to Inacio Pereira, in addition to the 140 hectares to be restored,
it is planned to add 250 in order to achieve the 1973 goal--a recuperation
rate of about 50 hectares per year.

It is noted that olives produced in Namibe normally go to the city of Lubango
for canning by the Kurika company, a private unit of Jomba Industrial of
Lobito.

The provincial delegate for agriculture of Naimbe said that soon an experiment
will be conducted which, if su¢cessful, will be’ an extraordinary way to take
advantage of the potential of the limited arable land of the region.

The experiment will involve planting vegetables, bananas, and forrage (alfalfa)
for dairy cattle in the spaces between the olive trees, thus taking advantage
of the irrigation and fertilization of the trees.

18



ELF OIL COMPANY GRANTED EXPLORATION LEASES IN SOUTHEAST

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 19 Jul 86 p 16

{Article by Lola Ibironke]

[Text] PVE Nigerian National

/12828
cso:

Petroleum Corpora-
tion (NNPC) and the Elf
Oil Company yesterday at
the Falomo complex of the
corporation signed a joint
venture agreement for the
exploration of four blocks
of land where oil
prospecting had been
found favourable.

The agreement, which
officially makes Elf Oil
Company, Nigeria, the ,
operators of oil produc-
tion leases (OPI.
93, 95, 96, and 97 located
in the south eastern part
of the country is a result
of a decision taken by the
NNPC to involve oil
companies in areas where.
oil discoveries had been
made.

Briefing newsmen. at
the ceremony, the co-
ordinator of the oil and
gas sector of the NNPC,
Mr Ghadebo Adesemowo,
said the idea to auction
six plots was taken
because the NNPC did not
have the funds to produce
the commercially viable
oil discoveries.

3400/148

“Rather than tie up
money spent on
exploration of the
uncompleted ventures the
NNPC decided to auction
them to companies that
could do so”, he said.

Mr Adesemowo said
that tenders for the six

plots — five offshore and’

one on-shore — had been
offered to oil companies
Gperating in the country,
with Elf, Mobil, Agip and
Gulf having | indicated
their interest.

The package to be
bidded for he said include
the intrinsic value of the
plot, investment done by
the NNPC.and a commit-
ance to invest on the plots
in the future.

At the end of the day,
Mobil and Elf were the
closest competitors. Ff,
however, came up with
the biggest offer he
added,

The agreement was
signed by Petroleum Re-
sources Minister Alhaji
Rilwanu Lukman for
Nigeria and Elf chairman
Mr Mitchell Clement,

Production is expected
to start in three years
time.

47

JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

NIGERIA



FAILURE OF TRIOMF FERTILIZER PLANT DUE 10 WORLD MARKET

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 16 Jul 86 p 3

[Text]

THE liquidation of Triomf’s ferti-
liser plant at Richards Bay will
have little effect on the ailing
- domestic fertiliser industry, ex-
ecutives of opposition companies
said yesterday.

More than 60% of Richards Bay's
“production had been for export mar-
Fets, with only special chemicals sold
in SA. Consequently, said an industry
executive, “there will be virtually no
impact on local production”.

Fertiliser producers may continue
to fecl the effects of industry-wide
discounting that has cut wholesale
prices by as much as 32% off book
prices.

Active SA fertiliser plants are cur-
rently operating at about 70% of ca-
pacity, industry sources said, When
idle capacity is included, the utilisa-
tion figure drops to between 40% and
50%. ‘

Executives said much of the indus-
try’s health would depend on how
Nedbank runs Potchefstroom plant
that it has, in effect, taken over from
Triomf.

“I get the feeling that if they can
operate Potchefstroom without
major debt, surely it can become a
viable proposition,” a competitor
said.

Foskor MI) John Stanbury yester-
day criticised Triomf's claim in court
papers filed on Monday that its “high
and unrealistic” prices for phosphate
rock had been a major factor pushing
the Richards Bay plant into liquida-
tion.

“Foskor is not to blame. Richards
Ray was geared to the export market,
and with the total oversupply in

/12828

cso: 3400/150

world markets they found thenisélves
in a very. tough Position,” he said.

He added that the phosphate rock
supplied to local customers, including
Triomf, at R45 per ton’ was far
cheaper than rock obtained in import
markets. In addition, he said, Foskor
sold the rock for less in SA than it
could in export markets.

Industry sources confirmed that °

Foskor’s overseas prices were about
50% higher than local prices, They
agreed, too, that imports of the input
cost at least twice the Price charged
by Foskor, because of the weak rand
and additional freight expenses.

Triomf MD Richard Clarke was not
available for comment yesterday. A
Triomf spokesman declined to com-
ment ‘on the company’s statement
concerning Foskor.

Prices for phosphate rock charged
by Foskor have risen relatively slow-
ly in the last decade —- from R21 per
ton in 1979 to R30 in 1982 to R45 this
year. Stanbury said prices had
groped by 35% in real terms since

3.

He said Triomf had committed to
purchase 1,2-million tons of the rock
in foreign markets after a similar
dispute on pricing two years ago,

“Triomf indicated that they could
obtain the product more cheaply b
importing,” he said. “As it transpired,
Richards Bay continued to buy from
us. If we were unrealistically Priced,

I doubt if they would have done this.”

In the court papers, Triomf also

criticised - SA ransport Services’ *

freight charges. A source close to the
liquidation negotiations said the com-:
pany had reported that it received no
discount for transport of phosphate
rock, even though most of its output
was destined for export.

‘Triomf and Sats executives were
not available for comment yesterday.

92

JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

GAZA INDEPENDENCE CELEBRATIONS, GOVERNOR'S SPEECH, REPORTED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 2 Jul 86 p 8
[Article by Bento Niquice]

[Text] “In all of the parts of our province, we must make a survey of all the
areas regarded as underutilized, and we must define criteria and simple
methods of offering them to those who want to work. We do not want to harbor
hunger in this province any longer," First Party Secretary and Gaza Governor
Francisco Joao Pateguana said in his address to thousands of persons in the
city of Xai-Xai on 25 June during the celebrations of the llth anniversary of
national independence.

For the first time, Governor Francisco Pateguana, in his capacity as the
highest leader of the party and the government in Gaza, presided at the
ceremony at which flowers were placed at the monument to the Mozambican
heroes, which is located in the lower part of the city of Xai-Xai. On this
occasion, this official was accompanied by the second party secretary and
military commander of Gaza, Gen Fernando Matavela, and other high leaders in
the party apparatus and the government of the province. Also, hundreds of
spectators were present at the site.

The ceremony was followed by a popular gathering in the Coca-missava Communal
Settlement, with thousands of individuals, including peasants, workers and
students, attending. Mention should be made of the "toast" offered to the
thousands of individuals present there through the simultaneous actions of
the dozens of groups which performed various numbers representing our cultural
heritage.

The presentation of messages from the Defense and Security Forces (FDS), the
Mass Democratic Organizations (ODM), the Socioprofessional Organizations (OSP)
and the Continuers of the Mozambican Revolution provided a moment in which to
recall how high the price of our freedom has been.

“We in the ranks of the FDS stationed in this province will never allow the
enemy to override our fatherland with impunity, massacring our children and
parents, mutilating and violating our women, robbing and destroying our
socioeconomic infrastructures and causing great suffering," the message from
the FDS read in part.

30



[Answer] ‘The major obstacles are related to a shortage of water treatment
products which are imported. In addition, our water is naturally of poor
quality. We already have 200 tons of products at Lobito port now being
processed through customs. There are also problems with our treatment equip-
ment, primarily clossiadors, chlorometers and ammoniometers, which are either
obsolete or have been destroyed by enemy action.

Equipment to replace these is also waiting at Lobito port.

9805/6662
CSO: 3442/263



JPRS-ssa,
86-0;
26 August ioe”

ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

USSR, GDR RESCHEDULE LOANS--The Soviet Union and the German Democratic
Republic have rescheduled repayments of loans by Zambian totalling US$88
million. Making the announcement in Lusaka the minister of finance and
national commission for development planning Basil Kabwe reported that the two
countries have also promised to give Zambia agricultural equipment to develop
her agriculture industry. He said the Soviet Union rescheduled $60 million
which Zambia has not repayed for the supply of essential goods while the GDR
rescheduled $28 million. [Text] [Lusaka Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT
30 Jul 86 MB] /12913

cso: 3400/337

58



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

ANGOLA

CHIRAC STATEMENT ON UNITA SUPPORT DISCUSSED
Lisbon 0 JORNAL in Portuguese 29 May-5 Jun 86 p 5

[Text] "We are interested in pragmatism in our relations with Paris, and

Jacques Chirac's statement to 0 JORNAL (where he stated that he would support
UNITA should he win the 16 March elections) must be interpreted as statements
made during an election campaign," an official source from the Angolan Embassy
in Paris told 0 JORNAL. ‘

The same Angolan source confirmed also to O JORNAL that the interview published
on 14 March, 2 days before the elections in France, caused intense discussions
between Paris and Luanda and that the ambassador of Angola in Paris, Luis de
Almeida, discussed with Jose Eduardo dos Santos in Luanda the style to adopt
in the relations with the government of Jacques Chirac.

During the talks between Angolans and French the conservative leaders in
Paris said, according to the same source from the RPA Embassy in Paris, that
the Angolans should interpret Chirac's statements to our newspaper as being
made during an election campaign.

UNITO To Open Delegation in Paris?

However, there is still an uncomfortable feeling between the Paris and the Luanda
governments; an official from the Quay d'Orsay (the French Ministry of Foreign
Affairs) told O JORNAL that it is natural that Paris "makes an effort to under-
stand what is happening in Angola from the political point of view" and for

that reason one must not exclude an attempt toward "understanding UNITA in

its role of opposition to a Soviet and Cuban supported government."

Asked by O JORNAL the same official stated, however, that France will not give
material support to UNITA, and that at least for the time being that is out
of the question.

Meanwhile, UNITA is trying to open an official delegation in Paris and is
waiting for Jacques Chirac's green light to the request made for that purpose.
The Angolan Embassy in Paris, however, puts as an essential condition for

the good understanding between Paris and Luanda, that UNITA be denied
authorizations to open headquarters in the French capital.



ROLE OF FINANCIAL RANDS EXPLAINED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 15 Jul 86 p 6

{Article by Harold Fridjhon]

[Text]

HE financial rand (FR), one
of the four “currencies”
forming a barricade
around SA’s gold and
forcign exchange reserves, is
perhaps the least understood.
Many people have come into
contact with commercial rands

when they buy travellers’ cheques ,

or foreign currencies to pay for
imported goods and services.

Blocked rands, in existence for
years, are the assets which emi-
grating South Africans leave be-
hind them in the custody of banks
after they have drawn their set-
tling-in allowances.

Special restricted rands, a very
esoteric currency, only came into
being at the end of August 1985
with the foreign debt standstill. At
that time transfer of unremitted
income of more than R50 000 due
to non-resident companies was re-
stricted.

It could only be released if the
Reserve Bank approved. And ap-
proval is subjected to many vola-
tile regulations and_interpreta-
tions, including submission to the
Standstill Committee.

‘These three currencies originate
in SA and are the sluice gates con-
trolling the flow of scarce foreign
exchange out of the country.

But the FR is different in con-
cept, in practice, in ownership —
and in domicile. It certainly is an
effective barrier against an out-
flow of funds from these shores. In
practice it is a bookkeeping entry
with the ultimate balances un-
counted and unknown.

FRs may not be owned by South
African persons, corporate or indi-
vidual. And, in effect, they do not
exist in SA other than as ledger
entries reflecting non-residents’
balances in the books of authorised
banks.

In essence, commercial rands —
subject to exchange control limita-
tions — are used by SA residents to
buy dollars from the Reserve
Bank. FRs are exchanged for dol-
lars only outside SA through the
external mechanism of the so-
called FR “pool.”

Every South African asset
owned by a non-resident is poten-
tially‘a supply source of FRs, and
this supply is activated when the
owner wants to dispose of assets.

0, the other hand, there.is a

-liquid “pool” of FRs held offshore

and onshore by brokers and banks
who trade in FRs as a commodity,
buying and selling them, and mak-
ing bid and offer prices, providing
a market for non-residents who
have reason to use them.

From time to time FR dealers
diminish or replenish this offshore
liquid “pool” by means of arbi-
trage share dealing between the
Johannesburg Stock Exchange
(JSE) and those in London and New
York.

FRs are created mainly from

90

JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

the sale by non-residents of their
South African assets, the biggest
single source being from the sale
of listed securities. These transac-
tions are paid for in FRs which
have no value or. standing in this
country.

To a lesser extent South Afri-
cans create FRs when they emi-
grate and take their R100 000 set-
fling-in allowance, when a non-
resident receives a bequest from
an SA estate, and occasionally
when the Reserve Bank gives per-
mission for an SA resident to in-
vest abroad. .

In none of these transactions do
dollars leave the country.

When a non-resident sells shares
on the JSE, the local broker deliv-
ers the scrip, his broker’s note and
his cheque to a bank which cancels
the non-resident endorsement on
the share certificate, making it
good delivery on the JSE. He then
gets reimbursed for his outlay
through the JSE clearing house.

The bank, however, converts the
“ordinary” rands paid by the
broker into FRs which the non-
resident can change into dollars
through the FR “pool” at the FR
rate, or it can be left with the bank
as an FR balance which may tem-
porarily be invested in approved
securities.


CHRISTIAN CHURCH LEADERS RAISE ISSUES WITH GOVERNMENT

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 17 Jul 86 pp 1, 3

[Text]

‘THE first. National Church
Leaders Conference held in
Kaduna on ‘Tuesday has called of
the Federal Government to clear
the ambiguity in the statement
made on the Organisation of
Islamic Conference (OIC) in the
nt’s recent national
broadcast. . .

A communique issued after.the
one-day meeting said it noted
with concern the evasion of a
categorical statement that
Nigeria had withdrawn from the
OIC by the President, Major-
Genera} Ibrahim Babangida in
his last broadcast. .

It was therefore lamentable
that government could toy with
the destiny of about 100 million
people’and the next generations.
according to the’ communique
signed by bishops, Protestant
rever . prophets. apostles
and various denominational
leaders, from all the slates of the
federation.

It noted that Christians would
under no condition compromise
their faith or allow it to be

trampled upon by individuals or.

government and insisted on
of Christian and Muslim
pilgrimages, building of mosques
in public places with public
funds, the proposed regulatory
religious council, building of
religious schools with public
funds among others and called on
the Federal Government to stay

clear of all religious affairs in the ,

interest of unity and continuity of
Nigeria as a an entity.

/12828
CsO: 3400/148

Other issues raised in the com-
munique included the harrass-
ment and assault of some Chris-
tians in various parts of the coun-
try while the law enforcement
agents had not been able to en-
sure justice and fairplay in handl-
ing such cases, the arguments on
the removal of the Christian
Cross from its site at the Univer-
sity of Ibadan and the threat on
the vice-chancellor.

The leaders urged the Federal
Government to step into the mat-
«ers promptly. They also called
on the government to restore
relations with Israel because it
was now obvious that there were
no acceptable reasons to the con-
trary, adding, “Nigerian Chris-
tians are as entitled to consular
services in Israel as the Muslims
enjoy in Saudi Arabia.” :

Prominent among the leaders
and Church representatives were
the Bishop of Jos, Bishop G.G,
Ganaka, Archbishop Peter Jatau,
Professor Ishaya Audu, Bishop of
Lagos, Reverend A.A. Umodunbi,.
Anambra, Reverend Akano Otu, .
Chairman of the. CSSM, Mr.
Austin Ukachi, Pastor Ben Ogun-
dimu from Ogun, Mr. Ezekiel
Jzuogu from Imo, Dr. Bitrus
Gani, and Dr. Olusola Ajolore
from Kwara State.

Many of them were signatories.
to the conference communique.

35

JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

NIGERIA



JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

FEWER ENGINEERS--The engineering sector seems hard hit by the brain drain.
According to P-E Corporate Services MD Martin Westcott only half the number
of graduates and first-year students are entering engineering today than

10 years ago. The problem of restricted access to overseas professional
skills has been exacerbated by the number of emigrants. Mainly young people
are leaving and the long-term effect could have severe repercussions when
the economy revives, Westcott says. The standard of living has slipped
over the years and both political and economic uncertainty have played
decisive roles in the exodus of skilled people. The skilled-labour shortage
could be alleviated with technical innovations, such as computers and more
emphasis on capital-intensive industry, he says, but increased training

and education are more practical long-term solutions. Quest Personnel MD
Roy Silver says that, becaust of most Western countries! growth rates,

there is a demand in certain fields, and SA skilled workers are regarded
highly overseas. [Text][Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 28 Jul 86 p 7]
/12828

FISHING TALKS WITH NAMIBIA--Namibian fishing interests are stepping up their
campaign to force SA fishing companies to take a smaller share of in-shore
catches off the Namibian coast. SA-Namibian talks on territorial fishing
rights have been taking place since early this year when SA companies'
in-shore concessions lapsed. They were provisionally extended for the

1986 season. Namibian fishing industry officials say SA companies control
11 of the 12 pelagic concessions, all three crayfish quotas and 92% of

the hake quota off the Namibian coast. They want a drastic redistribution
to give Namibian fishing companies 80% of the concessions between the Orange
and Cunene rivers, and SA companies 20%. Representatives of Flag--the
Fishing License Action Group--visited Johannesburg this week for talks

with lawyers before possible legal action. They are due to travel to

Cape Town this weekend for more talks. They say Namibian fishing companies
net only $50m of the $250m resale value of in-shore catches. They have
already made representations to the transitional Namibian government for a
full-scale overhaul of fishing rights. They say the advantages SA companies
enjoy has forced much of the local fishing industry out of business, with
the loss of hundreds of jobs. While they are prepared for SA companies

to continue operating in Namibia, they say it must be as junior partners

in local fishing concerns. [Text][Article by David Furlonger] [Johannesburg
BUSINESS DAY in English 25 Jul 86 p 3]/12828

+97



SUCCESSION ISSUE IN SOKOTO OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 2 Jul 86 pp 1-3

[Excerpt]

Sokoto, the source of traditional power in Northern
Nigeria for over a hundred years, is in turmoil. The
infirm octogenarian Sultan, Sir Abubakar Ill, can
no longer perform his official functions. A five-man
committee was set up last month to act for him. The
race for the Sultanate succession has started in
earnest. But his death will signal more than the end
of a long and influential reign. It will rock the basis
of Nigerian politics - the delicate north-south power
balance.

Sir Abubakar is probably the last Sarkin
Musulmi - King of the Muslims - to have enjoyed
secular as well as spiritual power. (AC Vol. 26 No.
13), He has been on the throne for almost half a
century, combining his traditional office for some
years with the post of minister in the pre-indepen-
dence government of what was then Nigeria’s Nor-
thern Region. In 1954 he allowed his first cousin,
Sir Ahmadu Bello, the Sardauna of Sokoto, to
become premier in the Northern Region government.
The title of Sardauna (chief of the body guards) had
been held by Abubakar himself before he became

“Sultan, and in passing it on to Bello he underlined

Bello’s important position in the Sokoto hierarchy.
Both men were great-grandsons of the founder of
the Sokoto empire, Usman Dan Fodio (AC Vol. 26
No. 20). Bello was fond of tracing his descent even
further into the past, to the Prophet Mohammed on
himself.

The post-independence federal prime minister, Sir
Tafawa Balewa, was Bello’s personal appointee.
Under a thin, modern, democratic veneer, the federa-
tion was run subject to the approval of the Sultan
and his courtiers - a modus vivendi that continued
even after Bello and Balewa were murdered in 1966
during the first military coup. Leaders who were
neither Muslim nor northern did not last long. (The
possible exception was Gen. Yakubu Gowon - a
Christian ‘Middle Belter’? who led the federal side
in a civil war which was ardently supported by the
northern elite).

38

JPRS-SSA-86-087
26 August 1986

NIGERIA