167196

JPRS-SSA-87-031

7 APRIL 1987

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

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JPRS-SSA-87-031

7 APRIL 1987

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS

BURKINA

Libyan Friendship Society, Relations With Libya

(Ali Zerbo Interview; SIDWAYA, 13 Jan 87) 1

Airspace, Airport Open 24 Hours Daily

(Alain Coeffe Interview; SIDWAYA, 16 Jan 87) 4

Organization of Informal Sector Urged

(Fidele Toe Interview; SIDWAYA, 20 Jan 87) 7

Anti-CNR Activities Exposed

(Martin Kabore; SIDWAYA, 21 Jan 87) H

MOZAMBIQUE

Muslim Leader in Moscow on Arms Race

(NOTICIAS, 18 Feb 87) 13

Party Secretary, Agriculture Minister Praise Maputo Cooperatives

(NOTICIAS, 19 Feb 87) ." •••

15

Zimbabwe Friendship Association Delegation Visits

(NOTICIAS, 19, 20 Feb 87) 19

President Speaks 19

ZIMOFA Donates Medicines 20

Briefs

OTM at Soviet Labor Union Meeting 21

New Technicians Graduate 21

Railroad Cars Being Repaired 22

SENEGAL

Douf Delivers Address on Sene-Gambia

(LE SOLEIL, 2 Feb 87) 23

- a -
University Students Protest Housing, Food Situation

(LE DEVOIR, 5 Feb 87) 29

University Students Developing Realistic Attitudes

(WAL FADJRI, 5 Feb 87) . .. 31

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

F. W. de Klerk Says NP Blacks Plan 'On the Rocks'

(SAPA, 9 Mar 87) ... • 35

NP Leaders Find Little in Independent Manifesto

(Mark Van der Velden; SAPA, 9 Mar 87) 37

NRP, NP, PFP Leaders on Reform

(Bill Sutton Interview; Johannesburg Television Service,

6 Mar 87) ...' .. '.. . 38

Police To Investigate 111 Treatment of Young Detainees

(SAPA, 7 Mar 87) 41

Four Convictions Under Group Areas Act in 1986

(THE STAR, 17 Mar 87) . 42

BLACKS

Buthelezi Points to 'Ferment' in National Party

(SAPA, 13 Mar 87) ... 44

Soweto City Council Demolishes Shacks

(Len Maseko; SOWETAN, 17 Mar 87) . 46

Development Board Removing Machadodorp Residents

(SOWETAN, 13, 16 Mar 86) , 47

1,000 Families Being Removed 47

Government Claims Removals Voluntary, by Mzikayise Edom 47

Pathologist Reports on UDF Leader's Death in Custody

(SAPA, 16 Mar 87) 49

Homeland Education Ministers Meet Viljoen

(SAPA, 13 Mar 87) 50

Ciskei Court Overturns Deportation Orders

(SAPA, 13 Mar 87) 51

- b -
Ciskei Closes College After Boycott

(SAPA, 13 Mar 87) ••• 52

Policeman Tells of Order To Attack 'Comrades'

(Mathatha Tsedu; SOWETAN, 6 Mar 87) 53

Briefs

U.S. Embargo List 55

Closure of Qwa Qwa University 55

Natal Township Funerals Restricted 55

Jobless Blacks Increase 56

University Numbers Drop 56

Loss of Eye Suit 56

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

PFP's Eglin on Election Strategy

(SAPA, 7 Mar 87) 57

PFP's Eglin Criticizes Volk's Quoting ANC Statements

(SAPA, 17 Mar 87) v. 60

Eglin Outlines 10 Points in Vision for Future

(SAPA, 11 Mar 87) 61

Commentary Emphasizes Constraints on Reform

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, Mar 87) 63

Commentary Notes ANC 'Agitation' Over 6 May Election

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 18 Mar 87) 65

Stellenbosch Candidate on Reason for NP Defection

(John Maclennan; THE SUNDAY STAR, 8 Mar 87) 67

Speeches, Declaration Mark Detainees Day Meeting

(SAPA, 12 Mar 87) , 69

Strike Ends After Company Grants Wage Increases

(SAPA, 10 Mar 87) 71

Briefs

PFP-NRP Election Alliance Launched 73

Migration Losses Statistics 73

ECONOMIC

Reserve Bank Governor on Inflation

(Gerhard de Kock Interview; Johannesburg Television

Service, 4 Mar 87) 74

Reserve Bank Sets Money Supply Growth Goals

(SAPA, 10 Mar 87) , 78

- c -
Study Shows Economy Ready for Expansion

(SAPA, 10 Mar 87) 79

Commentary Notes Favorable Debt Repayment Record

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 12 Mar 87) 81

PFP's Schwarz Questions Debt Repayment Schedule

(SAPA, 11 Mar 87) 83

Assocom Opposes Wage, Price Freeze To Curb Inflation

(SAPA, 10 Mar 87) 84

Commentary Views Success in Job Training

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 13 Mar 87) 85

International Publishing Firm To Sell RSA Subsidiary

(SAPA, 16 Mar 87) 87

Briefs

Free Trade Areas Created 88

INDUSTRIAL/S&T

SA Builds Own Sophisticated Cyclotron

(SCIENTIAE, Dec 86) 89

South Africa Develops Own Gas Turbine Rocket Engines

(ARMED FORCES, Feb 87) 92

New Wind Tunnel To Accelerate SA's Aerodynamics Research

(SCIENTIAE, Mär 86) 94

Ceramic Developments at South Africa's NIMR

(SCIENTIAE, Mar 86) 99

/7310

- d -
BURKINA

LIBYAN FRIENDSHIP SOCIETY, RELATIONS WITH LIBYA

Ouagadougou SIDWAYA in French 13 Jan 87 p 10

[Interview with CERBEL's secretary general, All Zerbo, by Hamado Nana]

rExcerpts] The Burkinabe Circle for Study and Research on the Green Book

(SS£) is an organization that is not very well known by the general public.

SIDWAYA explored CERBEL in an interview with its secretary general Ali Zerbo.

Durü this interview, Comrade Zerbo also explained the relationships between

his association and Lttya, and its relationship with our revolutionary structures, the CDR.

rouestion] Comrade Secretary General, you are the head of an association--

fERBEL the Burkinabe Circle for Study and Research on the Green Book-that

is not'very wS known by the general public. Could you explain to us what

this Circle is and at the same time outline its objectxves.'

[Answer] The Burkinabe Circle for Study and Research on theGxeea Book is

Ifapolitical association that was officially recognized by Decision No 9

MATS-SG-DGAT-DAJSP dated 30 July 1985.

rvRBFL's obiectives are as follows: to defend the basic principles of the

thirfuniwrral theory and the moral interests «^^^.Z^^

A ~i ,i ir> cnrial services: to work towards establishing and strengthening

Sa" ions among men "andparticularly between the Burkinabe and Libyan people;

to defend and encourage moral values in civic, social and economic life; to

spread a good Image ol the people and to promote better knowledge among

men; and to help maintain peace.

rn ... « T-p flrst international seminar on Colonel Muammar al-Qadhdhafi's

SSSTL'SlwJ'S tecentiy held in Libya. CEKBEL attended that

meeting. What was the outcome of the seminar?

TAnswer] To be more precise, we should explain that seminars have been held

£ÄlS all parts of the world-including Europe American and even

Africa—on the third universal theory developed in the Green Book. As you

taid! this was actually the first time that young people from throughout the
world met together on the free Arab-African soil of the first Jamahiriya in

history, i.e., Libya the Great Jamahiriya.

The results of this important meeting were more than satisfactory; it was a

complete success and went beyond our expectations.

Imagine this gathering of young people from very continent to show their militant and revolutionary solidarity with a country and a people undergoing trials.

In fact the seminar, which took place a few months after the detestable American raid on Tripoli and Benghazi, was also attended by American youth, despite the campaign to misrepresent and undermine it that everyone is aware of.

As for the actual work of the seminar, it encouraged people to spread the

message of the third universal theory. It might be interesting to note that

an international liaison committee, whose officers comprise one representative

per continent, was set up.

[Question] Imperialism makes every effort to present the Libyan revolution as

the basis for international terrorism. Are you not afraid that associations

like CERBEL will become a target of imperialism, and be viewed by it as

another terrorist group?

[Answer] An excellent question. As far as our young association is concerned,

I can assure you that there is absolutely no cause for concern. If we start

with the definition of terrorism, things are clear. According to the

Larousse dictionary, terrorism is a "series of acts of violence committed

by an organization to create a climate of insecurity or bring down an established government." The dictionary also defines terrorism as a "regime of

violence instituted by a government." In short, terrorism is manifest in

the form of economic pillaging, the installation of military bases, a high

pressure policy, and a policy of cultural domination, or in essence aggression

in all its forms—political, military, economic* cultural, and psychological.

In any event, my own modest view, based on world events, is that it is

Libya's support to progressive countries and liberation organizations, such

as SWAPO, ANC, and the PLO, that has triggered the hate and the Western media

campaigns against this country. This is my explanation for the false, unjustified accusations. If this is what terrorism is, our Libyan borthers should

be proud of it.

To come back to CERBEL, I do not think that any regime or government would

accept or tolerate an organization or association whose activities threatened

security or stability, not to mention officially recognize an association of

this kind.

Our opponents, if we have any, have the wrong target, because based on the

definition of terrorism given in the dictionary and on our objectives as

they appear in our statutes, there are no doubts as to our identity and our

real intentions, which are to contribute to the country's economic and social
development. Moreover, we should stress that at CERBEL, the search for

peace is our constant concern and a major objective, as well as an essential

condition for economic and social development. This position is in line with

the stand taken by the political authorities, for the government has spared

no efforts in taking the initiative in the peace effort.

9805/6662

CSO: 3419/72
BURKINA

AIRSPACE, AIRPORT OPEN 24 HOURS DAILY

Ouagadougou SIDWAYA in French 16 Jan 87 p 4

[Interview with Alain Coeffe, minister of transportation and communications,

with the national press]

[Text] Last Wednesday 14 January, the Council of Ministers received a report from Comrade Alain Coeffe, minister of transportation and communications,

on the partial closing of our airspace since 1980.

The CNR and the revolutionary government decided to normalize this situation

by opening our airspace to traffic 24 hours a day. This decision, which will

enable airlines to make full use of our airport, is above all an act of selfreliance and political courage. Our international partners will appreciate the

true value of this action.

Last Wednesday at the end of the evening, Comrade Alain Coeffe, minister of

transportation and communications, received the national press in his office.

[Question] Comrade minister, Ouagadougou airport is now open 24 hours a day.

What is the political significance of this decision?

[Answer] Since 1980 Burkina's airspace has been severely restricted.

Ouagadougou airport was closed to international traffic several times. And,

as of 13 January 1987, we have decided to reopen it fully, 24 hours a day,

to give airlines an opportunity to operate in optimal conditions. On a

political plane, you know that we have been trying to clean up our country's

political, economic, and social situation since 4 August 1983. At the present

time, we are no longer faced with the same conditions prevailing at the time

the restrictions were imposed, because of the progress we have made in economic, political, and social spheres.

Thus we can now take the liberty to lift these restrictions and join in the

general normalization effort we can see in our country and share this sense

of calm and self-reliance we have found again. This decision, finally, stems

from our regaining control of things and our sudden advance in the RDP [People's Democratic Revolution].
[Question] Comrade minister, we are seeing mercenaries invading countries

in virtually all parts of the world. Are you not afraid that we too will be

invaded one day if we open our airspace completely?

[Answer] Yes. Let us say we are fighting imperialism. And this is not just

talk, it is a reality. Every day our policy puts us on the front line. From

this standpoint, we have to ward off all attempts to curb our revolution by

force. However, the purpose of an airport is to be open to traffic. It is

not any good to have an airport if it is closed all the time. So we have to

open it.

The only thing is that we have to make sure that this airport is safe. Today

we believe that we have everything we need from a logistics and security standpoint to keep our airport open 24 hours a day, knowing that if we need to, we

can cope with any situation that may come up decisively, effectively, and

with perseverance.

[Question] Comrade minister, there must be economic repercussions?

[Answer] Of course. Economically speaking, you know that when the activities

of airlines are restricted, they suffer enormously. First Ouagadougou airport's central location makes it a good airport for freight. Also, overflight and landing are the first freedoms of the air. By restricting these,

airlines' income from movements of its airplanes was reduced.

And the reopening of the airport 24 hours a day will spur receipts of airlines

which will be using our airport more. Their receipts will obviously grease,

and our airport will benefit from this financially. It is also a good thing

for Burkina's economy.

[Question] Comrade minister, what is the status of the work on Bobo airport?

[Answer] Bobo airport is one of the CNR's major projects. It is a project

that the Ministry of Transportation and Communications has pursued doggedly.

At the last meeting of the committee of special ASECNA [Agency for Air Navigation Safety in Africa and Madagascar] ministers held in Ouagadougou this

past December, we succeeded in convincing the board of directors and the committee of ministers to take the steps required to open Bobo international airport to international traffic by October 1987. At present, we are in the

process of mobilizing the technical and financial means to put into operation

the resolutions adopted by the ministers—and to make sure that the first

Boeing 747 can land at Bobo-Dioulasso Airport in October 1987.

I would like to say in passing that at that point, we will most likely be

closing down Ouagadougou airport for construction. This means that Bobo

airport will be in full use and its opening at that time will contributed

effectively to continuing our economic development effort.
[Boxed item]

Waivers to the Restrictions

1. In case of Medical Evacuation (EYASAN [as published]);

2. Deferral of closing time to 0100 hours to facilitate shipment of green

beans (the season runs from December to June), by decision of 12 February

1986;

3. Waiver in favor of freight flights for the same reasons during the Christmas war (1985), when all the borders were closed;

4. Waiver granted to certain regular passenger flights for reasons of air

navigation security (hijacking) and convenience to passengers (evacuation of

passengers stuck when the borders were closed); and

5. Authorization of overflight above FL245 (8,000 meters in altitude) for

regular flights of international airlines.

All these waivers to restrictions on airlines' operations were granted by a

joint decision of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications and the

People's Defense Ministry.

Source: Civil Aviation Directorate--DAC

9805/6662

CSO: 3419/72
BURKINA

ORGANIZATION OF INFORMAL SECTOR URGED

Ouagadougou SIDWAYA in French 20 Jan 87 pp 3-4

[Interview with [Fidele Toe], labor minister]

[Question] Comrade minister, what information can you give us on the organization of the informal sector?

[Answer] The informal sector is also called the unstructured sector. There

are many people who have what we call small jobs and live in towns or the

outskirts. These workers are not part of the CNSS [National Social Security

Fund] or the civil service. Their activities are not governed by any specific regulations. By virtue of this fact, the Labor Inspectorate is seeing

a rise in this type of work without any possibility of intervening or controlling the situation. This group of workers includes mechanics with their

businesses set up under the trees and also women involved in petty commerce,

who are selling cakes and food products. There are also people working sometimes in shops whose jobs are not registered. During this survey, we are

therefore going to ask these comrades to register. We also want to give them

a professional identification card, so that when inspections are made, these

comrades can produce a document justifying their activity. This is one of

the primary objectives. Since the first step is to register the workers,

we are conducting a survey to enable the labor services, and specifically

the National Job Promotion Bureau (ONPE), to do research on this sector and

gather statistics, so that the Ministry of Labor and all the other ministries

can look into organizing this informal sector. It must be organized and

modernized so that there are no longer jobs in our towns which are underrated,

which actually comprise the sectors that render enormous services to wageearners and government workers. Everyone uses the informal sector, but it

does nto occur to anybody to organize it. If we organize the informal sector,

we will realize that it can be productive and create many jobs. It was the

president who was the first one to raise the issue at the national budget

conference and to show all the militants how the informal sector can be organized. Certain activities can be organized in a town to create a profitable

business that will feed a man and create jobs for others.

[Question] How do you plan to organize this informal sector?
[Answer] The informal sector can be organized in a number of ways. There are

currently many ideas on the subject. We could organize a sector such as

mechanics, an example frequently given. But this model could also be applied

in turn to other sectors. Of course, certain adjustments would have to be

made. With a spirit of initiative and creativity, all the other sectors

could be organized as well. For instance, to be a mechanic, it is inconceivable that all you need is one or two wrenches to set up shop. It is

difficult. Even with good intentions, you will encounter difficulties. One

day a machine will break down, you will drag it to a mechanic working alone

who only has two or three wrenches, and he will have a hard time detaching

certain parts. He may have to use force at the risk of being known as a

"sledge-hammer mechanic." But it is also true that you are going to realize

quickly that the man who knows something about mechanics and motors does

not necessarily know anything about electrical problems. Maybe your problem

is an electrical one, it is a coil that is no longer working and this mechanic

is going to spend his time without being able to discover (the problem. At

the end of 2 or 3 hours, not much will have been done. At best he may have

been able to patch up something. This is why it is good for comrades who

are in the mechanics subsector of the informal sector and make little money

to group together. You will also see that the administration cannot always

use this unstructured sector. There are problems. The matter of an invoice

for instance. A mechanic may offer a good price and also do a good job. But

you have to justify this to your administration. You cannot do this when the

mechanic who did the work does not know how to write and does not have a

billing clerk. These are the obvious problems that come up. Thus this sector

can be organized. Mechanics can be brought together in a workshop on which

a certain number of charges to modernize the sector have been imposed. The

people who come to leave their machine would be immediately waited on and the

malfunction would be detected. Then the machine would be channeled to the

electrical section or to a mechanical section, each with its head. Of, if

it is merely a problem of maintenance and cleaning, the machine could be

directed to a garage that does maintenance work, and that has all the products

needed to clean the machine. This is how this mechanical sector could be

organized.

A management would have to be set up. An accounting office and secretarial

services would also be needed. This all creates activities and positions.

In this way jobs are created. This sector will all of. a sudden be upgraded

and have a taste of what the business really can be. And if a management

structure is set up* then the workers can be programmed for this and trained

to improve their general mechanical skills, or their electrical skills.

This is what could be done for this sector. But the other subsectors could

also be organized—even the women who make dolo. There are a certain number

of rules that should be applied to dolo making today, to ensure sanitary and

clean conditions, and to safeguard the people who make it. This is an activity that should be controlled by the Labor Ministry and all the government

services. Sales should be organized so that a book specifying terms of sale

would be filled out at least for the sale of dolo, and so that stress is

placed on hygiene and cleanliness. For instance, there should be running
water on the premises for regularly washing all the utensils, glasses and

gourds from which the dolo is drunk. These are some suggestions on how

people and their activities could be grouped to facilitate the work to a

certain extent.

[Question] Do you not think that grouping workers together like this would

hinder competitiveness, which is regarded as desirable in businesses?

[Answer] On the contrary, I view this grouping as a positive factor. And I

am not thinking of just one grouping, but of several groups that could be

set up and then compete with each other. I referred to the possibility of

grouping mechanics together. I did not mean that all the mechanics in town

would be brought together in the same group. A limit would have to be set

for the different groups, and it is up to them to work out their own rules.

I also wanted to point out the positive example of the "Soulga" group of

tailors. Look at what this has done for these tailors. In the beginning,

some of them were reluctant and came out with all.kinds of objections. But

today "Soulga" has proven itself and decisions have been made that put it in

a comfortable position. The tailors were grouped together and promised a

market of clothing for school children. This amounted to nearly 800,000 outfits, so many that these groups had to subcontract with cooperatives or other

groups to honor the commitments they had.made. So there is no problem there.

"Soulga" revived tailors who had been having difficulties. Now there are

tailors in "Soulga" who earn 25,000 francs a month, whereas before they found

it nearly impossible to find a customer. They were there, isolated, separate,

trying to do their work. But now that they are together in a group, they

are assured of permanent work.

In the mechanical sector as well, it is highly possible that all these twowheeled vehicles belonging.to the administration could be repaired by groups

of mechanics. Here is an available market.

It is not right for the revolution to use the laws on groups to give the

advantage to only one or two people because they spoke the loudest; they will

make it, but to the detriment of a multitude of comrades in the profession

who will all of a sudden see.themselves go under. It used to be a single person or a small group of individuals who profited from a measure. I think that

it is good to group together the workers in the informal sector. A mechanic

can arrange a place where you can be attended. While he is repairing your

motorbike, you can wait in this place, and someone can give you a_copy of

the SIDWAYA so that you can read while your vehicle is being repaired.

Quality is important too. You are at your office, and your vehicle has

broken down. You can.telephone a group of this sort. Somebody. comes^at

0800 to pick up your vehicle and brings it back to you before 1230. You

will have to pay a little more. But look at the time you save that you can

use to do something else. In this way competition can be created.

[Question] Some people believe that organizing the informal sector is tantamount to nationalizing the private sector. What answer could you give these

comrades?
[Answer] It is not a matter of nationalizing the private sector. I need

only point out that there is a certain minimum number of provisions needed

to engage in a trade. You know for instance that there are some professions

that our people are not interested in. We are trying to encourage the people

to set up democratic structure through these groups, so that they can fill out

their booklets giving the terms of sale, for instance. Thus we are inviting

them to form groups. But the idea is not nationalization. It is up to them

to join voluntarily these different groups. They are not required to form

groups. Persons who are able on their own to set up a company and at the

same time respect the rules of a company should be courageous and start a

company.

[Question] What are the conditions for obtaining a occupational identification card (CIP)? Is there a fee involved?

[Answer] To obtain the professional card, which will be given to everyone

we have registered, one must first show up on the days indicated in the sectors,

You will meet with comrades in the Labor Ministry and CDR representatives, as

well as CDR from that sector. They will take down the information on a sheet

(individual professional identification sheet). Later, this information on

the sheet is what we put in part on the individual professional identification card. Those applying for a card should bring three personal photos, a

100-franc tax stamp and a 100-franc communal stemp. This is what is required

to obtain a CIP.

9805/6662

CSO: 3419/72

10
BURKINA

ANTI-CNR ACTIVITIES EXPOSED

Ouagadougou SIDWAYA in French 21 Jan 87 p 2

[Article by Martin Kabore]

[Text] All the heads of coordinating structures of Po Department (communal

and departmental offices,.COMIDEP, UFB [Burkinabe Women's Union], military

post, school representative and provincial coordinator of the pioneer movement) were attending special meetings in Nahouri on 17 and 18 January 1987 to

reach a decision in a highly political case. The case involves Emmanuel

Kouraogo, a mathematics professor teaching at the CEG in Po, who was

questioned about 10 days ago for activities benefiting the PCRV (Upper Voltan

Revolutionary Communist Party).

This person, who has already been involved in similar acts against the RDP

[People's Democratic Revolution] in Dedougou and Manga, was engaged in setting

up what he called "discussion centers" in Nahouri, the main town in the department and the home of the RDP. These centers amounted to a sort of discussion group where people met and criticized decisions or policies of the CNR

[National Revolutionary Council], such as the return of certain officials

who had been dismissed or work of common interest, regarded by him as bad

things.

At Emmanuel Kouraogo's home were people he himself identified as sympathizers

from the CEG (including several teachers and students from the animal husbandry and sports services). These people claimed during their questioning

in the presence of the "brains" behind the affair that they had been taken

advantage of. They were all released.after receiving a strict warning from

the authorities. According to the investigation, they were introduced to

techniques for sabotaging CDR meetings. A network for routing anti-CNR

leaflets from Ouaga to Po was operating perfectly and packages of these incendiary writings were found in his home, along with a typewriter.

From what his CDR comrades at the school said, he never hesitated to speak out

at meetings on his opposition to CNR policies. In his discussion groups, the

high-commissioner and commander of the military academy Georges Namaoano

were severely criticized, among others, for having attacked PCRV populism on

several occasions. This is the gist of some of the information on this case

resulting from the investigation, which provoked indignation on the part

11
of the heads of the revolutionary structures in Po Department. Following the

second meeting Sunday afternoon, these officials adopted two motions. The

first condemned the subversive activities of Emmanuel Kouraogo and demanded

purely and simply that he be dismissed from the civil service. The second

motion reaffirmed the militants' support for the CNR, which is constantly

putting out its hand to everyone in the country, and especially to those who

have strayed, so that a worthy and prosperous Burkina can be built by consolidating the revolutionary power.

9805/6662

CSO: 3419/72

12
MOZAMBIQUE

MUSLIM LEADER IN MOSCOW ON ARMS RACE

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 18 Feb 87 p 8

/Text/ "We have confidence in the rationality and dignity of man," said Sheykh

Iboobakar Ismael, secretary general of the Islamic Council of Mozambique who

is participating in the international conference on the subject: For * World

Without Nuclear Arms and for the Survival of Humanity," now underway in Moscow.

That religious leader of our country asserted that the dissemination of the concepts of peace and nonviolence, of equality between the strongest and the weakest and between the whites and the blacks are the princxpal postulates of Islam.

Speaking to NOVOSTI, the Mozambican religious leader said that he was ^}&f

sed

to receive the invitation to take part in that international forum which he considered very important to the life of all humanity.

"The apartheid regime now treats its neighbors with arrogance, particularly my

country. What shall we gain in this manner? It is necessary,,^/^*?"?*_

which want to live in a world of peace combine their efforts," said Sheykh Aboo

bakar Ismael. He then went on to say:

"It does not matter that their social classes, nationalities, skin colors or

religions are different. The main objective is to unite - xn a common desire to

protect the weak and punish the unjust."

Everyone Must Contribute

"The world, created for the purpose of living, must be protected now more than

ever. We must find ways to assure the safety and survxval of humanity, saxd

Sheykh Aboobakar Ismael.

He said that he considered the Moscow conference an event of ^«national scope

inasmuch as the subjects discussed at that conference concern the lives of every

person living on our planet.

"The principal question now facing us is what each of us inust do to ^«J»>ute

personally to the assurance of peace, progress and well-being," saxd the Mozambican religious leader.

13
Sheykh Aboobakar Ismael argued in favor of a cessation of the nuclear and conventional arms race and an end to all military aggression of any kind perpetrated for the purpose of imposing any type of domination and exploitation.

Transformation of the World

Questioned on how it would be possible to stop the arms race and put an end to

the foci of tension and conflict, Sheykh Aboobakar Ismael posed questions of his

own during the NOVOSTI interview:

"How can the farmer sow his grain in complete tranquillity? How can a child

study in school in peace? It is easy to see the problem but difficult to resolve it immediately. However, this is not our objective. What we have is a

long and difficult road which will lead to a transformation of the world on the

basis of justice."

The Mozambican Muslim leader then asserted that many countries have people who

want to prevent war but who have no power. He accused the armament manufacturers of being principally responsible for wars and said:

"The god of those who produce large quantities of weapons is the profit which

they receive from the sale of machine guns and missiles. For some years now it

has been known that racist South Africa, even though not yet in possession of

nuclear armaments, has had all the components essential in the production of

those armaments. This is a threat to humanity."

In supporting the principles of Islam* Sheykh Aboobakar Ismael asserted that its

adherents want nothing more than peace and tranquillity. He then concluded:

"A boy becomes a man. And suddenly he realizes that he can be destroyed in a

second, he to whom his parents have devoted their entire lives. It is unbelievable. This is not compatible with any religion. Therefore, I think that even

the manufacturers of death should accept their share of responsibility in the

world which surrounds them."

8568

CSO: 3442/100

14
MOZAMBIQUE

PARTY SECRETARY, AGRICULTURE MINISTER PRAISE MAPUTO COOPERATIVES

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 Eeb 87 p 2

[Text] Yesterday, the member of the FRELIMO Party's Politburo and its first^

secretary in the city of Maputo, Jorge Rebelo, conveyed the praise and gratification of the party leadership for the "excellent work that the production

cooperatives directed by the General Union have achieved to date."

These congratulations were given at the end of the annual assembly of the aforementioned cooperatives' General Union, held yesterday at its headquarters, in

the district of Bagamoyo. The main purposes of the assembly were to render

an accounting for the year 1986 and to discuss the 1987 plan. For this purpose,

nearly 1,500 cooperative members were present there, representing the 10,500

peasants who are members of the movement.

The minister of agriculture, Joao Ferreira, also present at the meeting as a

special guest, remarked at the opening of the assembly that yesterday was a

beautiful day for the women of Maputo, because, constituting over 90 percent

of this cooperative movement, they had managed to prove their ability throughout recent years.

Minister Joao Ferreira also conveyed special congratulations to this cooperative

movement: "Times are changing; as we Increase, new responsibilities will arise.

Ten years ago, we did not hold this meeting; 5 years ago, we were not so organized. It is true that you have received aid from abroad, but most of what you

have now comes from your effort. Therefore, I must say: congratulations on

your work."

This increase in the responsibility of the cooperative movement was also the

opening subject in the General Union's report, Which remarked:

"We are now starting our seventh year of activity. Throughout recent years we

have grown from small, unstable groups of peasants to a cooperative^movement ot

nearly 10,500 members, and to a holdings situation wherein our own funds amount

to about 230,000 contos. Last year, we produced over 2,600 tons of food for

ourselves and to feed our city. Therefore, our responsibility in this city at

present is very great."

15
Both the party leader, Jorge Rebelo, and the minister of agriculture, Joao

Ferreira,.stressed that they were not present at that meeting to direct it,

nor to devise instructions, inasmuch as that assembly was a function of cooperative peasants which must be directed by its own representatives. Thus,

despite their presence, and that of officials from other administrative organs,

including the chairman of the Executive Council, the meeting was directed by

the head of the General Union, Celina Cossa.

Now There Is More Experience

Joao Ferreira declared specifically that, a few years ago, these peasants had

no organizational experience, and hence they were guided by the party. "Now,

there is great experience here. That is why wearehere, so that you may

describe that experience to us, and we can then convey it to the entire

country."

The lengthy report of the General Union was submitted by its head, Celina Cossa,

speaking for over 2 hours, sometimes in Portuguese and at other times in dialect;

particularly when she was citing controversial matters which require a more

clearcut understanding by the cooperative members.

After a brief introduction, the document analyzed in.detail the 1986 activities.

This analysis was made from the standpoint of the movement's three basic

programs: production program, social program, and organizational program.

The production program combines material production and the technical development

of production. The head of the General Union made a detailed analysis of the

material production, assessing both the features of the 1986 plan that were

fulfilled, and those that were not.

With regard to the technical development of production, it emphasized the importance attached to this activity by the General Union, "because an increase in

production is not achieved merely with more people working; they must know how

to work better." For this purpose, activities were carried out including

technical training, plant health, forestation, rural extension, development of

irrigation, drainage projects, brickwork construction, and alternative energy

sources.

The social program includes social benefits, on the one hand, and the consolidation of social development, on the other.

The social benefits involve nutrition, general education (schooling and literacy),

child education, health, and housing.

The concern of the consolidation of social development is to gain for the movement an autonomous capacity of its own for achieving and expanding those social

benefits.

The organizational program described in detail and didactically the importance

of the organizational factor, showing the way in which these peasants have

carried out the planning, control, and structuring of their movement.

16
This rendering of 1986 accounts concluded with a critical analysis of the

SJÄSor current problem The ^^e^O^^^V^^

dwelt particularly on this area, so that all the members would realize the need

to combat tbe negative aspects that still remain.

Among these aspects, she mentioned the diversion of funds and products, which

Sulioe more readily combated by increasing the inspection o accounts ^She

also cited the work schedule: the need to combat the spirit of f*c^

s

^J

till of vegetables; the requirements that must be imposed to make it PO"xble

to continu! with meat production; the repayment of bank loans; and, finally,

the problems involving ambition and struggle for power.

Prospects for 1987

During the next step, taken with the submission of the proposed plan for 1987,

the hLd of tne union followed the same methodology that she had adopted for

fhe Äs of 1986, citing the ^^^^^^^^at*e

SJÄÄ/Ä^ :ubmiSd.thThSfgoals represe t ^summary of

nelrlj a Lath of work involving analysis and discussion among all the nearly

200 cooperative members, as well as at production centers owned by the unxon

itself.

Celina Cossa focused the cooperative members« attention P^rily on the 1987

organizational program; because, from 1986 to 1987, the °^

t

°\^

activity were changed substantially, as a result of the recent ^f^Tes

announced in the area of the Economic Rehabilitation Program J^fore

with these measures, it will be necessary, more than ever, to heighten ou

organization."

SpSS^^ as guests.

Por nearly an hour, over a dozen P-ants^ed^rt.e^oor ^ «-ss^the „ork achieved and the program proposed, never failing to acct

ship of the General Union, and its head in particular.

At the reuest of.the ^.^^tiÄS:ffä

.«X5ÄS?Äthe nÄo he agenda, hecause it

involved the election of the movement's new officials.

•3this^ÄSSSMÄ ^fiident,1lSt=orplect'

ed: president, Ceima ujssa, ui&u v MiMaiö-fnr fhe union's 12 servn vice president, Joana Bucar; and the new officials for the union services

were also chosen.

17
Subsequently, the Politburo member, Jorge Rebelo, requested the floor and

lauded.the efforts of these peasants. He particularly praised the head of

the movement, Celina Cossa, as a "tireless worker, largely responsible for

the success of the Maputo cooperative movement."

He explained that the special reason for congratulating this movement lies in

the political implications of the economic process that is under way in our

country, which will require a great deal of effort and organization. Jorge

Rebelo stated in conclusion: "It is essential for us that the cooperative

movement grow, so as to produce food and also to guarantee that we attain

our goal: the construction of socialism. Therefore, let's get to work, so

that we may continue to grow and provide food for our people, without exploiting them."

2909

CSO: 3442/101

18
MOZAMBIQUE

ZIMBABWE FRIENDSHIP ASSOCIATION DELEGATION VISITS

President Speaks

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 Feb 87 p 1

[Text] Yesterday, the president of the Zimbabwe-Mozambique Friendship Association [ZIMOFA], Clemente Gaza, declared that the association which he heads has

received many types of solidarity and backing sent to its Mozainbican brothers

who are facing a difficult situation caused by the criminal activities of the

bandits from South Africa.

The ZIMOFA leader spoke to reporters a few moments after.deplaning at the

capital airport, heading.a three-member delegation on a visit to our country.

He was met upon his arrival by the secretary general of ONJ, Manuel Tome,

representing AMASP.

He stressed that the Zimbabwe-Mozambique Friendship Association was formed last

year as a result of the recognition of the leading role played by the Mozambican people during the liberation struggle of the people of Zimbabwe.

Clemente Gaza remarked: "We have come to Mozambique to coordinate the methods

for consolidating and developing the bonds of fraternal, historical friendship

that exist between our two fellow nations."

He added that ZIMOFA's priority goals involve the procurement of all types of

assistance aimed at minimizing the privations of thousands of Mozambicans who

have been forced to abandon their goods and possessions as a result of the

armed bandits.

Clemente Gaza also noted that the association has already received many donations of medicines, food products, clothing, and various other items intended

to aid the Mozambicanpeople, in view of the serious state of poverty caused

by the external aggression of which our country has been the victim.

As Gaza indicated, from a monetary standpoint, ZIMOFA has already managed to

collect a sum amounting to 102,000 Zimbabwean dollars.

19
The ZIMOFA president also underscored the enthusiasm shown by the Zimbabwean

people since the creation of that association for friendship with our country,

in February of last year. In this connection he added:

"The donations that we have already received clearly indicate the great

support and sympathy that our Zimbabwean brothers have toward their Mozambican

brothers."

Clemente Gaza stated categorically that the Zimbabwean people are fully aware

that, without peace in Mozambique, there eannot be any peace in Zimbabwe

either.

The president of ZIMOFA also commented: "During our national liberation struggle,

the Mozambican people claimed that they would never feel free until the Zimbabwean people achieved their independence. However, we are independent now, but

our common enemy is undermining that independence; therefore, there is nothing

left for us to do other than continue to struggle side by side, as we did in

the past."

ZIMOFA Donates Medicines

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 20 Feb 87 p 8

[Text] Yesterday morning, the delegation from ZIMOFA visiting our country since

last Wednesday delivered a donation to AMASP. This gift consisted of medicines

intended.to aid Mozambican citizens who have been hurt by the drought and by

the activity of the armed bandits.

The ceremony, held at the AMASP headquarters in Maputo, was led by the president

of SIMOFA, Clemente Gaza, and by the assistant secretary general of AMASP,

Karim Vazirna.

The aforementioned donation of medicines, estimated as worth nearly 34,500

Zimbabwean dollars (slightly over 4 million meticals) is a result of contributions from some Zimbabwean companies, namely, Datlab, Caps, and Sterling

Products.

Moreover, the minister of information, Teodato Hunguana, received the president

of the Zirobabwe-Mozambican Friendship Association, Clemente Gaza, and his

companions, in this office yesterday.

During the evening, the visitors were tendered a dinner given by the head of

the Information Ministry, at one of the capital hotels.

Present at the dinner were Francisco Madeira, our country's ambassador to

Zimbabwe; John Mvundura, the Zimbabwean ambassador to Mozambique; and representatives of the ODM's [Mass-Democratic Organizations].

2909

CSO: 3442/101

20
MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

OTM AT SOVIET LABOR UNION MEETING—Yesterday morning, the assistant general

secretary of the Mozambican Workers Organization (OTM) Central Council, Jose

Correia Ganäncio, arrived in Moscow. Ganancio was invited to participate in

the Eighth Congress of the Central Council of Soviet Trade Unions. Correia

Ganancio was accompanied by the general secretary of the National Union of

Textile, Clothing, Leather, and Footwear Workers (SINTEVEC), Pedro Joaquim

Mandlaze. At the airport, the Mozambican trade union delegation received

welcoming greetings from its Soviet hosts and from the Mozambican ambassador

to the USSR, Goncalves Sengo. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 20 Feb 87

p 8] 2909

NEW TECHNICIANS GRADUATE—During the past academic year,.the five technical

schools and institutes in the city of Maputo graduated over 330 new basic and

intermediate technicians in the various special fields offered in these educational establishments. Of that number, 136 graduates attended intermediate

technical schools, and the others had basic schooling; and, at present, they

are being assigned to productive or defense sectors of the fatherland, while

others are continuing their studies in the other establishments. For example,

of the 117 finalists who attended the May Day Industrial School during the

1986 academic year, 64 percent were graduated in the nine special fields _,

offered there. As for the Matola Industrial School, of the 99 students attending last year, 83 finished the year by passing. This record, considered satisfactory in that educational establishment, is regarded as a result of the fact

that the establishment is provided with equipment for practice classes, as well

as of the effort by the instructors and students. At the Maputo Commercial

School, last year courses in the special fields of accounting, typing, and

secretarial skills were taken by 41 finalists out of a total of 77 students

initially enrolled. Insofar as the intermediate level is concerned, the Industrial Institute was the one with the most graduates, with 94.6 percent passing.

The Commercial Institute, with 89 third-year students, in turn, had only about

60 percent passing. According to Armando.Baptista Matola, head of^the technicaloccupational education department, who gave us this information, the students

graduated during the last academic year have been assigned to productive and

defense sectors of the fatherland, and some are continuing their studies at

other educational establishments in several parts of the country. As that

official remarked, in basic education, last year in this city there were 2,600

21
first, second, and third-year students; and, of that number, the three existing basic schools had about 40 percent passing as a whole. For example, the

Commercial School had a 30 percent passing rate in all courses; the May Day

Industrial School, 38 percent; and the Matola Industrial School, 46 percent.

As for the intermediate level * represented by the Industrial Institute and

the Commercial Institute, the overall promotion level, from the first to the

second semester was 82.8 percent; which means that, between the first and

the second semesters there were not many failures or dropouts, compared with

basic education, wherein the promotions were 72.3 percent. These two intermediate educational establishments.in the capital were attended by 1,064 students,

whose passing rate was, respectively, 68 percent for the Industrial Institute,

and 35 percent for the Commercial Institute. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in

Portuguese 20 Feb 87 p 2] 2909

RAILROAD CARS BEING REPAIRED—An order in the amount of $1.8 million has been

placed for the repair of 130 railroad cars used in the transportation of limestone. The work is scheduled to begin in March and will be performed at the

main plant of the Southern Mozambique Railroad Company in Maputo. The project

is expected to last 2 years and will be carried out by Mozambican and Italian

workers in accordance with a cooperative agreement signed by the union organizations of the two countries. Two vehicles were delivered to the plant personnel in December to aid in carrying out the project and it is expected that more

equipment will arrive in our country, according to a Mozambican source associated with the operation. The same source stated that a team of Italian technicians was in Maputo last month to make final plans for the project and that

the same technicians are scheduled to return to our country in the near future

to begin the work. Our interlocutor also stated that the repair of the 130

cars used in transporting limestone will not only serve to train and qualify our

Mozambican workers, being assisted by 11 Italian experts,__but will also provide

new technology in the rep_air of railroad cars. /Text/ /Maputo NOTICIAS in

Portuguese 18 Feb 87 p 8/ 8568

CSO: 3442/100

22
SENEGAL

DOUF DELIVERS ADDRESS ON SENE-GAMBIA

Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 2 Feb 87 p 3

[Text] Senegambian women and men, my dear fellow citizens, alien guests who

live among us.

A tradition, today 5 years old, gives me the privilege, in my capacity as

president of the Confederation, tonight to address the Senegambian nation in

order to wish it good fortune but also to take a look at the action of the

confederation government in order to learn lessons from that regarding the

future.

These wishes are in line with the challenges of our time.

I hope that Senegambia will with each passing day strengthen its unity and

advance a little more toward its integration.

I hope that it will continue to live in democracy and peace.

1 hope that it will win the battle for development.

With the firm determination of making these wishes come true, I will work

hard, in close collaboration with my brother and friend, President El Hadj

Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara, to initiate, from one end of Senegambian territory

to the other, actions and projects which are in keeping with your expectations and our common hopes, actions and projects which will further strengthen

our common destiny.

The political determination of the president, of the vice president, and of

the entire confederation government in this respect is.stronger than ever

before. It enables us to identify and take a close look at the real

problems in order to come up with effective solutions to them. We do this

patiently and methodically but resolutely. This until now has been the

essential feature of our action during the year that has just ended.

In general terms, I would like to say first of all that the monthly coordination meetings of the office managers and permanent secretaries, chaired by

the secretary-general of the Office of the President of the Confederation,_

were held to our great satisfaction in a regular manner alternately at Banjul

23
and at Dakar. Likewise, this year as past year, the seriousness and spirit

of cooperation with which the members of the Confederation Parliament

pursued their mission in our opinion constituted a source of inspiration and

stimulation in our actions. I want to express to them the full gratitude of

the confederation government. In qualitative terms we have thus attained a

high degree in the area of coordination and consultation äs witnessed by the

numerous Protocol drafts which have already been negotiated by the experts

of both countries and which should be signed shortly.

I would like to indicate first of all that the coordination of diplomatic

activities was strengthened by the progressive harmonization of the

legislation of both federated states and through the implementation of the

provisions of the Pact as well as the Protocol on the coordination of

policies in the field of foreign relations.

During the coming days, I will, in accord with the vice president of the

Confederation, proceed to the signature of three acts dealing with the

following:

reciprocal representation in diplomatic and consular terms for both federated

states;

mutual support for international candidacies supported by either federated

state and coordinated examination of those that could get our common support;

finally, the conclusion of international agreements by the Confederation.

As regards this last point, the important thing was to determine the practical

methods of applying Article 16 of the Pact which authorizes the president of

the Confederation, in accord with the Vice president, to undertake international commitments in the name of and for the account of this institution.

Language Barriers

Along these same lines, as I announced in my message of last year, by virtue

of the provisions of Article 4 of the Protocol on the coordination of

policies in the field of foreign relations, two Gambian students are currently

pursuing their courses at the ENAM (National School of Administration and

Magistrature).

So you see, my dear fellow citizens, we thus demonstrated that, thanks to our

common determination, we were able to overcome the language barriers which

our two states inherited from colonization. Here lies the future in all

other sectors.

This is why I am happy to note that we took up and pursued the examination

of the question of the economic and monetary union with an open mind and a

constant concern for finding lasting solutions to arising problems.

In this connection, the ministerial meeting held in Dakar between 8 and 13

September 1986 enabled both federated states to arrive at an understanding

24
on most of the points that were still unresolved. Following that meeting,

the experts appointed by the ministers of economy and of finances agreed on

a system of compensation for the loss of customs revenues resulting from the

implementation of the free-trade zone.

There is no doubt that the second ministerial meeting, scheduled soon for

Banjul, will lead to a conclusion on a protocol on the economic union and, in

the monetary field, will make it possible to submit proposals to the two

heads of state.

As regards the integration of our armed and security forces, which enables us

to guarantee civil security and political stability of the federated states,

we took some important steps this year by adopting two other drafts of the

Protocol which had been negotiated by our experts during their meeting in

Banjul between 18 and 21 August 1986.

Vital Area

The first one has to do with the status and regulations applicable to the

federated armed forces and the second one deals with the regulation of

mobilization and alerts. The Confederation Armed Forces continue to give us

real cause for satisfaction.: 1 would like to take this solemn opportunity

to address to them once again my warmest congratulations for the courage and

self-denial with which they accomplished their mission.

Speaking more specifically about security, the regulations have just been

completed by the addition of the draft of the Protocol of Application to the

status of Confederation Security forces, drafted by the experts on 29

September 1986at Banjul.

The vital area of transportation is also in motion because we likewise made

highly significant progress here, particularly with the signing, by the

president of the Confederation, of acts Nos. 86-003 and 86-004 pertaining to

highway transportation. These documents deal with the following:

authorization for public transportation;

confederation license for shipments;

and traffic rules, in the federated states, for vehicles registered in either

state.

During 1986, the Confederation Transportation Ministry issued 150 confederation licenses to the carriers of each of our states.

Along these same lines, we must also rejoice that the experts, during their

23 December 1986 meeting, in Banjul, adopted the customs passage book with

whose help vehicles registered in either of the states could stay in the

other state for a period of 120 days per year. This regulation will be

completed by the agreement on the insurance system approved by the same

experts on 9 January 1987,

25
In short-range terms, this system will adequately cover the risks incurred

during highway accidents and will institute the rapid settlement of damages

caused.

The other means of transportation, such as air and maritime, also have been

the subject of an in-depth study. The experts of both federated states

furthermore agreed to propose two drafts of protocols and related annexes to

their respective authorities for their approval.

Besides, a mission from the Saudi Development Fund has just been in Senegal

and Gambia where it visited the site of the Basse—Badiara—Velingara highway;

with the Senegambian technical committee, established for this purpose, it

was able to discuss the bidding invitation folder for the technical and

economic studies.

I would like to add that, thanks to another survey initiated by the

Confederation, a Japanese mission has also gone to Banjul. With the Gambiaii

authorities, it examined a project for the acquisition of ferryboats for the

purpose of crossing the Gambia River.

In the area of information and telecommunications, our activities were guided

by the conviction that the means of communication play an irreversible role

in our process of political, economic, and cultural integration.

On this subject, 1 welcome the automation which was recently instituted for

the telephone link between Dakar and Banjul. This makes it possible today

for numerous Senegambians to talk directly from their respective homes.

Senegambian women and men, alien guests who live among us.

As documented sufficiently by the achievements and initiatives involved in

the projects 1 have just listed, Senegambia is building itself up, step by

step, perhaps slowly but surely. Our movement is irreversible. It will

continue in the same shape as those that are heading for a great rendez-vous.

Let us therefore remain calm and let us look at things clearly in order to

act effectively.

Role of Women

Tonight 1 need not emphasize the outstanding role which the women have always

played in the conservation and perpetuation of the high virtues that constitute our nation. This role is sufficiently known to everybody. But 1

cannot help note that these vigilant guardians of the home and of our identity

at the same time today are the most valiant arms in our fight for the wellbeing of the Senegambian people; they have turned the consolidation of our

common edifice into a total undertaking at all times.

They deserve our recognition as well as our respect. I render vibrant homage

to their keen sense of duty and of history.

26
As for our youth, that beautiful Senegambian youth, it carries our hope, that

energy through which we are going to turn Senegambia into a nation able to

face challenges, just as yesterday.

I know that our youth is aware of this exalting mission. I also know that,

full of dignity as it is, it has the ambition of accomplishing this mission

with enthusiasm and generosity so that Senegambia, according to the ^

beautiful expression of Walt Whitman, "will at last become that which it is.

I once again restate my full confidence here.

I ask all of you to persevere along the shining road which we have freely

chosen, with ambition in our designs and with courage in our efforts that

characterize the men, the women, and the young people of Senegambia.

It is within this dynamic aspect of patient effort and strong determination

that 1 now once again tonight invite you to participate in the consolidation

and in-depth development of our unity within our home, Senegambia. Because,

as the scriptures tell us, "A Nation Divided Against Itself is Doomed to

Perish."

I also invite you to respect and promote all of the values that make up the

strength and identity of our Senegambian people, first among Which we have

the loyalty to democracy and to the spirit of tolerance.

I feel that it is my compelling duty to stress this issue because, as you

know, the coming 12 months will, in Senegal, as in Gambia, be marked by the

preparation and the holding of general elections.

Maturity

For us, Senegalese and Gambians, these elections will be a new test of our

maturity and our loyalty to the democratic values. They will also give us

an opportunity for demonstrating to the world at large our determination to

build Senegambia amid liberty and peace.

Liberty and peace! This is a big and even essential binomial in the equation

,of the harmonious development of our states; it is that also for the common

future of humanity. It is thus not by chance that, in the face of tensions

and conflicts, in the face of imbalances and injustices which have shaken the

planet, the UN dedicated the year which has just ended to peace. Thanks be

to God, our nation was one of those that experienced peace in 1986. Let us

do everything in our power so that it will always be thus.

•Senegambian women and men, my dear fellow citizens, alien guests who live

among us.

Today, on the eve of the commemoration of the 5th anniversary of the

Confederation, as much as yesterday, during the signing of the Confederation

Pact, I have confidence in the sum of talents, capacities, and spiritual and

moral resources which, all taken together, make up the multiple genius of the

Senegambian people.

27
I am sure of our aces and our opportunities.

I am also sure of the determination and firm will to succeed together which

inspire the Senegambian people, my friend and brother, President Dawda

Kairaba Jawara, and myself.

This is why my message tonight is essentially a message of hope, an act of

faith in our common future.

I would like you to receive it as such.

Good night and enjoy the festivities!

(The title and the subtitles were supplied by the editors.)

5058

CSO: 3419/77

28
SENEGAL

UNIVERSITY STUDENTS PROTEST HOUSING, FOOD SITUATION

Dakar LE DEVOIR in French 5 Feb 87 p 3

[Text] It is difficult today, beyond any reasonable doubt, to give the latest

casualty of hunger the last word in the Dakar University affair. Iba Der^

Thiam, who got into trouble again on 23 January, managed and on a day thereafter censored the interview given to the national press by Babacar Senghor,

director of the mutual backup group.

Super Der, who still governs and claims to be changing a society by fecrees>

then hastened to flood Senegalese public opinion with announcements aimed at

calming things down and returning the situation to normal, especially regarding the case of the student Benoit Ndione who managed cleverly to recover.

It must be said as a matter of fact that the students were disarmed by the

survival of Benoit Ndione whom everybody had believed to be dead to

legitimize an attempt at the radicalization of a spontaneous and unorganized

struggle springing from a purely food-related problem. The convulsions of

the last days of January furthermore proved that Super Der irritated the

college and high school students some more and that the latter, for the last

time, wanted to risk everything in order not completely to lose face.

What is less clear is the question of whether in the end there was in fact at

least a death that was established, along with the disappearance of a foreign

student whose trail nobody has picked up since 26 January. The essential

thing however is that, with the "mutual backing" of college student Benoit

Ndione, Super Der managed to put an end to a spontaneous movement which, if

it had remained within the confines of Dakar University itself, would not

have panicked a team that believed it was doing the right thing by calling

the forces of law and order to the rescue. Because of an excess of

individual zeal, the members of the LGI and of the GMI emerged from the

crisis of their original rank and file to show off all over Dakar and suburbs,

with the help of the panic.

The affair of 22 January does not entail the risk of having entirely too

serious consequences; it sprang up spontaneously around a university dining

room and rests on purely food-related foundations which the Payment of

scholarships on the day after payday should help resolve rapidly, P ^ded

scholarships are not late in arriving henceforth. It should however lead to

29
profound thinking about the overblown operations of a superministry where

heavy-handed management led to the generalized absence of initiatives with

everybody afraid of exposing himself to the ire of the superminister.

The overblown establishment of a ministry which includes three others

inevitably leads to improvization, especially when the supreme boss lacks

finesse and nuance. Everybody knows that Iba Der Thiam is a tough old-timer.

This is not a random discovery; it is based on the sectarianism of a man who

in the end does not pay his taxes and who keeps on living with his persecution complex.

The University—a strategic nerve center generally assailed by various

contending forces—should not have to pay the price for such a policy.

Decentralization as regards the area of food service and housing would be

desirable through an autonomous budget that would prevent payment delays and

the painful consequences this could produce.

Besides, the appointment of officials of the mutual backing group and of the

restaurant service should hereafter be based on stricter criteria, taking

into account the psychology and sociology of the university environment. Any

"tit-for-rtat" reaction should be ruled out. The University is a complex and

strategic center governed by a reality which only a good father and family

head would be capable of handling. Not the little Sunday chums who are

rewarded with a job in a center where the acquisition of high science is

possible only through a certain methodological relativism of the superannuated certainties of dogmatics whose sole arguments remain the fist and

the muscle. The brain, the center of knowledge, does not have any muscle.

The establishment would make out better to realize that and to readjust its

strategy accordingly. Without however getting soft.

5058

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30
SENEGAL

UNIVERSITY STUDENTS DEVELOPING REALISTIC ATTITUDES

Dakar WAL FADJRI in French 5 Feb 87 pp 7-10

[Text] Students going on strike to demand their beefsteak—now, that is a

sign of the times. At the University, the revolution is no longer decked out

in red. It is now under the sign of realism as it faces a society in the

midst of crisis. The era of "democrats" seems to have come.

After a little more than 2 years, the university landscape had changed. One

might thus say that it is the student mentality that changed but neither of

them goes without the other. With the failure of the last general strike m

1984, when Mr Ibrahima Fall, the current foreign affairs minister, was

minister of higher education, the student demand fervor had been blunted.

When the current movement took on larger proportions, the students felt that

they could take a shortcut. There was a period of fluctuation when it came

to taking charge of the situation, although the movement was never blind,

that is to say, undirected. (The strike was conducted above all under the

direction of the ad hoc committee. This committee had existed before the

start of the events for the purpose of electing the delegates for the

dormitories. It was only thereafter that the students established the 18-

member Dakar student committee.) But the movement recovered quickly and the

current situation opens prospects of reorganization for the students. The

important thing is to handle the crisis properly and to benefit from the

massive nature of a perpetually bubbling mobilization.

The important thing is to overcome the 1984 syndrome in order to try to make

a fresh start. Student disillusionment dates back to that time. At the

moment when the mobilization seemed to have reached its paroxysm and when

the student decided to hold fast more than ever before, the strike slogan

was lifted by the movement's leadership. As a matter of fact, the struggle

committee" went beyond the slogan of the general assembly that decreed the

continuation of the movement on that same day and entered into negotiations

with the government in order, by the evening, to drop the strike slogan.

That had been decided on the campus; an announcement broadcast by ORTS [Office

of Senegalese Broadcasting and Television], which put an end to the whole thing

without checking with the rank and file. That ending quenched the student

demand ardor.

3.1
Slogans

Since then we noted a loss of speed among the student unions. There are

several which follow political groups in vogue in the country, with greater

sympathy toward the Marxist groups. The more the University becomes

depoliticized, the less did "slogans" with a political connotation capture

the spirit of the students. This may look paradoxical during these periods

of social crisis and political deadlock. But the University "perfume"

releases other odors.

By the Thousands

Graduates will not recognize the hallways of dormitory A since it was done

over. The students of today appear more blase than before. Career prospects

are rather somber for graduates and the times of the great "careerists" seem

to be over. The latest surge of enthusiasm fell by the wayside because of the

year-end ^examinations taken by thousands. Now it is instead the business

careers that are thriving. Students are heading for careers in trade.

Detachment

A student confided to us:.., "I have been in the 3rd year in economics since

1982. After having failed the exams twice, I dropped the whole thing. Each

year, I matriculate in order to keep my room but I no longer go to classes.

So, nobody talks about exams any more. I try to keep busy by giving courses

at home for some children under Point E and by selling gadgets to students

left and right."

The talk is becoming more "Rockefellerian" rather than Marxist and "one no

longer knocks oneself out to study and spend all that time because there is

no career future opening up for us." The University looks like a place of

execution. People drop out before they are flunked out. Students enter with

a feeling of discouragement and very rapidly develop a kind of detachment

toward the University Itself.

The big "talkers" are no more. The "professional politickers" who managed

to keep the fires going and to give the student movement a soul have quit.

The youngsters of today have other priorities. That is perhaps not too

significant but cultural events have been getting the students to come out

much more in recent years. There has been a great increase in popular shows

in the theaters and on the basketball court. Not to mention the fact that

there was a phenomenon of transfer which means that the same feelings

nourished by public opinion in general, with respect to the dissensions

experienced by the opposition, are also showing up on the campus. The student

unions are considered in the light of the political formations to which they

are close and they are perceived only through their "disputes over interests."

This strike movement was triggered in an "autonomous" fashion. A "gut

revolution" which removes us from the "great causes" with well-controlled

general mobilizations of yesteryear.

32
There is thus an entire set of facts which increasingly contributed to

removing the University debate from the political trails. This is especially

so since Mr Iba Der Thiam, at the head of the Superministry of Education and

Higher Education, displayed a certain alertness which enabled him to satisfy

the essence of what had sustained the student demands. The campus no longer

had its effervescence of yesteryear. Sector strikes at the level of the

various departments did break out on occasion and there were even some movements of a general scope. But they did not last long. Nothing that would

really deserve the name of crisis.

The strike which stirs passions today was triggered as a simple social

demand. If the students had gotten their scholarships, everything would be

forgotten today. Besides, the students would not have been martyred since

the mobilization was not as popular as others in the past although there was

a strong desire to fight among those directly interested. But this situation

opened up interesting prospects for the student movement. It is above all

the feeling of having been the victim of an injustice the feeling of revolt

against the law to the effect that might is right which triggered the ardor ^

of the students who wanted to make sure that "this would never happen again.

The unity thus observed should make it possible to turn the back on the past

and to guarantee the establishment of a unified organization, far removed

from political squabbles, an organization that would assert itself as a

valid conversation partner with the authorities, an organization that would

be taken seriously by public opinion. The thing which, for example, was

most striking in the last French student strike was not so much the scope of

the popular mobilization as it was the competence displayed by these young

people in keeping their movement far removed from all attempts at recovery

and provocations, which did not fail to materialize either. They came from

the Left as they did from the Far Right, from the parties and from the labor

unions. To the point that LE MONDE did not hesitate to speak of an unidentxfied social object" in describing this mass which had started moving, tar

from the beaten path leading to junction or submission between the students

and the "forces of progress."

The University would not have been a political no-man's-land and the debate

which took place there is part of the education of people who will leave the

University tomorrow. But a certain independence of spirit must prevail there.

A mass of more than 10,000 students benefitting from a certain degree of

credibility and pursuing responsible actions does constitute a by no means

negligible force.

Democrats

This is the challenge to be picked up by the new Dakar student committee which

has been established to lead the strike. The,debate which is now in vogue n

the campus is to trust the "democrats," that is to say those who seem to be

least politically "enfeoffed," at the level of the various authorities. The

prospects of organization already advanced by the CED [Dakar Student Committee]

are very ambitious. But that would only help feed the flames. Reality out

33
in the field will help remove everything that is superfluous in order to make

the structure lighter.

Trouble never comes all by itself and it can also open the door to hope. This

movement, as popular as the one in 1984, can be the movement that will bring

the rebirth of the great student movement. To prevent the failures of the

past, it is not up to the CED to drop the strike order; instead, this has to

be done by a general meeting.

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34
SOUTH AFRICA

F.W. DE KLERK SAYS NP BLACKS PLAN 'ON THE ROCKS'

MB090812 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0801 GMT 9 Mar 87

[Text] Johannesburg, 9 Mar (SAPA)—The plan devised by the National Party

in 1981 for blaek political rights was "on the rocks", the Afrikaans morning

newspaper BEELD today reported the party's Transvaal leader, Mr F.W. de Klerk,

as saying. This was the reason the National Party was now asking for a new

mandate to incorporate blacks in decision-making processes without dominating

whites.

Mr de Klerk was addressing a closed information meeting in the Pretoria^

constituency of Innesdal when he made "this important policy statement," the

article said.

The NP plan had been to establish local authorities in which urban blacks had

political rights and to give blacks a vote in the governing of their homelands. "After 14 years in parliament, nine of these years.as a minister,

I can tell you we tried hard to make this work. But we have now come to the

realization that it cannot work. Our theory is on the rocks. People want a

vote where they live. Just as little as someone whose grandfather who came

from Holland would want a vote there, a black man living in Soweto would want

a vote in one or other far away national state."

Mr de Klerk said every country at some time faced a crossroads where it could

no longer resist the need to move into a new chapter of its history. South

Africa was at that junction today. The article said Mr de Klerk had made an

"earnest acknowledgement that the old system that had served well over decades

no longer worked" and decisive changes were necessary if "big trouble" was to

be prevented. The constitution would have to be changed just as the former

constitution had been changed to include coloureds and Indians in parliament.

Mr de Klerk said it was untenable that a minority of whites should rule over

a majority of blacks. It had worked nowhere else in the world and would not

work in South Africa. "A CP government would possibly manage to keep putting

the lid on the pot for another five years. But after that, the pot will

explode and blow us and our future into the air," Mr de Klerk said.

35
The realization that its past policies had failed had brought the NP to a

critical moment; political freedom for blacks had to be realized without the

destruction of white self-determination, he said. "We dare not drag our

feet over this issue. Powers want to mobilize black people for the

revolution and tell them not to talk, to grab matches and a weapon. When the

blood flows they get everything."

He criticized the PFP and independent candidates for disregarding the reality

of separate ethnic groups. The NP message to black people was that whites

wanted to help blacks to participate in government.

/9738

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36
SOUTH AFRICA

NP LEADERS FIND LITTLE IN INDEPENDENT MANIFESTO

MB091626 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1607 GMT 9 Mar 87

[Article by Mark Van der Velden]

[Text] Pretoria, 9.Mar (SAPA)--A quick look at the independents' election

manifesto left the impression it contained "hardly anything" of the "new

vision" of which Dr Denis Worrall and his associates had created so much

expectation, the National Party's four provincial leaders said tonight.

Mr Chris Heunis (Cape), F.W. de Klerk (Transvaal), Mr Stoffel Botha (Natal)

and Mr Kobie Coetsee (Orange Free State) were making known their first

impressions of the statement issued today by Dr Worral, Mr Wynand Malan and

Dr Esther Lategän.

More detailed reaction would come later they said but "a quick reading leaves

the impression there is hardly anything said (Bloedweinig sprake) of the new

vision Dr Worrall and his associates created so much expectations of. "The

statement appears to be a strange mixture of existing government policy and

progressive federal party criticism of this, together with a number of

slanted interpretations of the governments state of emergency goal and its

general policy and approach," the four NP leaders said.

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37
SOUTH AFRICA

NRP, NP, PFP LEADERS ON REFORM

MB081443 Johannesburg Television Service in Afrikaans 1830 GMT 6 Mar 87

[Interview with Bill Sutton, leader of the New Republic Party [NRP]; Kobus

Meiring, deputy minister of foreign affairs; and Peter Gastrow, national

chairman of the PFP, by unidentified reporters on the "Network" program,

introduced by Fried! Hansen; video recorded]

[Text] [Hansen] Good evening, and welcome to tonight's election feature.

Tonight we examine the issue of whether constitutional reform is at all

possible under the present security situation in the country. Members of our

election news staff interviewed three party representatives on this issue.

They are the leader of the NRP, Mr Bill Sutton, who was speaking at Elgin

last night; the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr Kobus Meiring, who

addressed a meeting in Port Elizabeth; and the National Chairman of the PFP,

Mr Peter Gastrow, who launched his party's campaign in Pretoria. The three

of them agreed that the security situation is improving.

[Begin video recording] [Gastrow] On the face of it, one can say that the

security situation now is better than it was a year ago, for example.

However, because of the state of emergency, one is in the position where one

accepts that the situation in black residential areas is wholly unnatural

and abnormal, with tremendous political tension. This in itself has a

negative effect on the security situation. In other words, unless a political

solution is found, our security situation will be smouldering continuously

and it will be difficult for one to say honestly that there is real stability

in the country.

[Meiring] I have little doubt that, as a result of the government's action

over the past year, the security situation in the country at present is

particularly good, that it is well under control, and that this creates the

foundation on which the people of this country—all 30 million of them—can

go forward in peace and prosperity.

[Sutton] I believe the security situation is improving. I think the measures

that have been taken are succeeding, and I say this because many of the black

children are now returning to school. You know, the parents and older people

in those areas are fed up with the sort of uprising that has taken place there.

The fact that they have started taking steps against those young people

38
indicates that they see this whole matter of liberation before education

[preceding phrase in English] as a thing of the past. They are now telling

the young people that if they want to participate in liberation, ,they must

be educated. And I believe that whole movement is in the process of subsiding.

[Reporter] Do you think constitutional and social reform is possible under

the present security situation?

[Gastrow] Yes, I believe that social reform is possible under the state of

emergency. But I very much doubt whether one can carry out constitutional

reform—real constitutional reform—while we have the state of emergency,

because in such a process one has a necessity to include the leaders of

different population groups and political parties, to negotiate with them.

Many of these people are locked away under the emergency regulations. As

long as the emergency continues, I doubt very much if real constitutional

reform can be achieved.

[Reporter] Is economic, political, and social reform possible in the present

situation?

[Meiring] Yes. I have no doubt at all that it is the present situation

which has created the possibility of such developments. You know, I shudder

to think what would have happened if the government had not taken these

steps to ensure security. If you do not have security, you cannot have

development. And if you do not have development, you cannot have economic,

growth. And if you do not have economic growth, then I can tell you there

are no opportunities for people. It is against that background that we can

now go forward.

[Sutton] If we can begin with reform now, the task of the security forces

will be much easier. If we can give the black people in those areas a

political motivation for them to extend the hand of friendship, organize their

own political parties, and bring together all their manpower to protect

their own meetings and the candidates they choose in their areas, then it

means they themselves will take care of the comrades [preceding word in

English] and all those people causing the trouble there. I think the two go

hand in hand. The security measures are quite essential to allow the things

to calm down a little, but without [as heard] giving the people the political

motivation to think that with their participation in this political process

they can now occupy the most powerful posts, they can now belong to the

cabinet, and they can participate in the political bargaining process and

decisionmaking in the country. If we arrive at that situation, then I

believe, it can do a lot in helping bring calm and tranquility to those

areas.

[Reporter] Are you satisfied with the government's pace of reform?

[Sutton] Not at all. I think the whole thing has come to a definite standstill and one of the most bitter disappointments in my life is the story of

the President's Council report on group areas, which was swept under the

39
table. That happened at a time when six by-elections were under way, not

even a general election. I think the whole thing has come to nothing.

[Meiring] I think the government's most important task at the moment is to

determine the correct pace of reform. On the one hand, reform cannot be

unduly accelerated because you have to take your people along with you.

On the other hand, reform cannot purposely be slowed down because then you

will get nowhere. I think the government has been quite successful in

determining the correct pace of reform.

[Gastrow] For me, the pace of reform is not as important as the intensity

with which reform takes place. In other Words, for me it is more important

that people promote constitutional and political reform than, for example

providing a bus service that caters to all people, without discriminating on

the basis of race. Social reform has received very little attention and it

is unfortunate that no constitutional reform is really taking place at

present. In other words, the impression one gets is that the government has

no plans, and the pace is not acceptable.

[Reporter] What does the PFP see as the direction for reform in the future?

[Gastrow] We believe a strategy to accommodate both forms of reform—social

and constitutional—is possible, and must be implemented. But in the present

climate under the state of emergency it is not possible. Secondly it will be

very difficult for any government to get a Constitutional negotiation process

going as long as we want to base that constitutional future on the group

identity, as is the case at the moment. In other words, what has to be

dealt with, and what must be changed, is the Population Registration Act,

One of the lessons we can learn from the Natal Indaba is that as long as

groups are defined by other people, real constitutional change cannot take

place. To me, the idea of free association is a precondition for real fundamental constitutional change.

[Reporter] What specific reform measures would you like to see?

[Sutton] I think the first principle we need to underline is that blacks

must come into parliament. I proposed that the national statutory council

could be introduced into parliament as an upper house, a federal link

between the homelands and the central government, and also to give the

black political parties a place in parliament, so that they can go out and

arrange elections in black areas. But I think the principle is the most

important, that we must say blacks have to be brought into parliament.

[Meiring] I have no doubt that we have to distinguish between the

legitimate demands of the people of this country, all the people, the whites,

the blacks, the coloreds, and Indians, on all levels, be they social,

economic, political, constitutional, [words indistinct] on the one hand,

and communist, Marxist-Leninist influences, agitation... [change thought] I

am certain that historically, this country provides a rich breeding ground

for communist influences, and that is why we have to go out of our way to

create the circumstances in which people can live happily in this country,

that they have something to defend—a home, a job, something they would wish

to defend. Against that background, I feel we are on the right path.

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SOUTH AFRICA

POLICE TO INVESTIGATE ILL TREATMENT OF YOUNG DETAINEES

MB070612 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0557 GMT 7 Mar 87

[Text] Pretoria, 7 Mar (SAPA)—Police commissioner P.J. Coetzee said today

he had instructed a senior officer to investigate "horrendous" claims of

ill treatment of young detainees. He said in a statement to SAPA early this

morning the claims were contained in a newsletter distributed at a recent

World Council of Churches Youth Congressin Harare. Most of the newsletter's

information appeared to come from Detainees Parents Support Committee [DPSC],

the commissioner said.

"The South African Police has in its possession a copy of a newsletter

distributed at a recent youth conference in Harare by the World Council of

Churches," the statement said. "The letter dated 13 February 1987 deals

mainly with allegations of brutality and detention of children in South

Africa. Serious allegations are levelled, particularly against the South

African Police, and it appears from the newsletter as if many of the allegations and much of the so-called information contained in the newsletter, had

been obtained from the Detainees Parents Support Committee.

"The newsletter claims that it bases much of its information on a so-called

dossier compiled by the Detainees Parents Support Committee. The dossier

alleges, inter alia, that the DPSC obtained statements from detainees in

which it is claimed that youths were brutally assaulted during the course of

their detention.

"These allegations were never brought to the attention of the South African

Police. Two particular cases involving a 12-year-old boy and a 15-year-old

girl are highlighted. The allegations concerning these two children are

horrendous and of such a nature that I have instructed a senior officer to

investigate every aspect thereof.

"The DPSC will be asked to identify the specific children involved and supply

all the relevant facts which will enable the police to fully investigate the

authenticity of these allegations. It is a pity that untested allegation of

such a nature as contained in the DPSC's so-called dossier are made public

without the police having been given the opportunity to verify the facts."

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41
SOUTH AFRICA

FOUR CONVICTIONS UNDER GROUP AREAS ACT IN 1986

MB171829 Johannesburg THE STAR in English 17 Mar 87 p 1

[Text] Cape Town—Almost 1,000 complaints about contraventions of the Group

Areas Act were made last year—but only four resulted in convictions.

These figures, revealed in questions in Parliament, indicate the government

is avoiding prosecutions under the controversial act. The act, which is

still under inquiry by the President's Council, is fast becoming one of the

hot issues of the election.

Mr Tiaan van der Merwe MP (Progressive Federal Party, Green Point), who

elicited the latest figures in questions to the Ministers of Law and Order

and of Justice, today condemned the situation as a waste of taxpayers' money.

"This ridiculous state of affairs continues under a government which hides

behind bureaucracy because it is almost as scared of the bad publicity of

Group Areas prosecution as it is by the scrapping of the act. It shows the

government's utter spinelessness and utter lack of commitment or direction

in respect of apartheid."

Mr van der Merwe said while he was grateful few people were prosecuted under

the act, it was "intolerable this miserable act remains on the Statute Book,

to be obeyed only because of the fear and disruption it creates."

He said it was ridiculous that police all over South Africa should waste

their time and taxpayers' money investigating complaints that would go no

further than a prosecutor's office.

"The police should be released from this ridiculous burden so they have more

time to protect our citizens from real crime."

Minister of Law and Order Mr Adriaan Vlok said in reply to a question that of

923 complaints, 69 were closed as flase, 2 were closed as undetected, and 307

were still being investigated. The other 378 cases had been referred to

various attorneys-general and prosecutors.

42
Mr van der Merwe also criticized the "painfully slow" progress being made in

granting exemptions to the Group Areas Act for the creation of free trade

areas.

Minister of Constitutional Development Mr Chris Heunis said in reply to a

question asked by Mr Graham Mcintosh MP (PFP, Pietermaritzburg North) that

60 free trade areas had been created in 28 municipal areas.

Mr van der Merwe said: "Business people should be allowed to trade wherever

there is a market."

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43
SOUTH AFRICA

BUTHELEZI POINTS TO 'FERMENT' IN NATIONAL PARTY

MB131130 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1133 GMT 13 Mar 87

[Text] Durban, 13 Mar (SAPA)—Kwazulu leader Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi

said at the Kwazulu Legislative Assembly prayer breakfast in Durban today

that the "ferment" in the National Party gave rise for hope in solving South

Africa's crisis. He described Mr Wynand Malan, MP—who was at the breakfast

and who has quit the Nationalst Party to stand as an independent—as a

"figure of hope" because he had followed his conscience against every pressure

exerted on him by his own people he loved so much.

"I see emerging in the National Party rank and file hope that people are

beginning to ignore party political dictation when it conflicts with their

conscience." He said: "It is, I think, important for our brothers in the

National Party to appreciate that God can speak to the leaders of the party,

and to all of us through the Wynand Malan's and the Denis Worrall's of

this world."

Chief Buthelezi said that in "polarized and strife-torn" South Africa, it was

all too easy for one group to believe that God was on its side. "It is all

too easy to expect God to be on our side, without us bothering to examine

whether we ourselves are in fact on God's side. God is on the side of

justice, he is on the side of those who work for peace. But he works in

mysterious and wondrous ways which are quite beyond our fathoming."

He asked that all groups join hands to save South Africa from the perils which

threatened it. "I thank God for the new pressures being put on that broken

down old wagon of apartheid, from within the hearts of those who were nurtured within that ideology," he said.

Referring to, but not naming, politically active clergymen, Chief Buthelezi

said he had trouble with "Christian idealists" who said they espoused the

principles and policies of the ANC but not their methods. The ANC ideal

could not be imposed on a determined and well-armed minority without a

deeply wounding conflict, he said. "It is absurd, therefore, for

ecclesiastical idealists to tell us, as they do, that they believe in ANC

policy but not in its methods. The method becomes policy in the historic

situation in which we find ourselves, just as the method of implementing

apartheid became the policy."

44
The gathering was attended by clergymen, the judge-president of Natal,

Mr Justice Milne, Dr Alan Paton, members of the diplomatic corps, politicians representing various parties and two American civil rights campaigners

including Mr Tom Skinner and Mrs Barbara Williams Skinner. Mrs Skinner

accompanied Mrs Coretta Scott King, the widow of slain U.S. civil rights

leader Martin Luther King, on her tour of South Africa last year.

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45
SOUTH AFRICA

SOWETO CITY COUNCIL DEMOLISHES SHACKS

MB171756 Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 17 Mar 87 p 1

[Article by Len Maseko]

[Text] The Soweto City Council yesterday demolished 10 shacks and ordered

more than 150 families staying in a shack settlement in Nancefield to leave

the area within seven days.

Shacks were torn down and dozens of other squatter families served with

notices to "as a matter of courtesy demolish and remove illegal structures",

on the lot.

In another tough move, the Soweto Council yesterday evicted and confiscated

furniture belonging to the two Jabulani Flats families for owing rent. The

evictions come only 24 hours before the Soweto Civic Association (SCA) is to

lodge a Supreme Court application challenging the validity of rent evictions.

The SCA will today ask the court to decide whether black town councils have

the right to evict residents who are in rent arrears. The Vaal Civic

Association is to take a similar action this week against the Lekoa Town

Council.

The Soweto Council, in notices served to squatter families, has warned that

dwellers failing to heed its ultimatum will be prosecuted in terms of the

prevention of Illegal Squatting Act No 52 of 1951. "As a matter of courtesy

you are accordingly ordered to demolish and remove the illegal structures

within seven days," the notices read.

Squatters told SOWETAN corrugated iron from.demolished shacks, some

belonging to families who were about to move into the settlement, was

confiscated. "Where are we supposed to live," said one irate squatter. "We

have no homes of our own, and now the council wants us to leave."

Mr Julius Mdlalose, the council's housing committee chairman, confirmed that

the Nancefield shack settlement would be razed, "to pave way for a business

development that will include a hotel complex".

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46
SOUTH AFRICA

DEVELOPMENT BOARD REMOVING MACHADODORP RESIDENTS

1,000 Families Being Removed

MB131736 Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 13 Mar 87 p 2

[Text] About 1,000 families are being removed from Machadodorp old location, in the eastern Transvaal, and resettled in a new area—against their

will, writes Mzikayise Edom.

The removals conducted by the Highveld Development Board started on Tuesday

this week. By yesterday about 20 families had been removed from the old

location and resettled in the new area, about 10 km from Machadodorp.

Residents interviewed by the SOWETAN made it clear that they were against

the removal. They said in the old location, where they built their own

houses, they were paying a monthly rent of R15 and now they were going to

pay R53 a month for rent.

Residents in the old location earn a monthly salary of between R50 and R150.

Most of them are laborers and domestic servants.

They told SOWETAN they were not told about the removal but were surprised

when, on Monday, officials of the Highveld Development Board accompanied by

members of the South African Police came with trucks and ordered the first

families to move to the new area.

Some residents said those who refused were forcibly ordered to pack their

goods and vacate their old houses. They said they were not compensated for

their property.

Yesterday the removals were still in full swing.

Government Claims Removals Voluntary

MB161737 Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 16 Mar 87 p 4

[Article by Mzikayise Edom]

[Text] Families in Machadodorp in the eastern Transvaal, had agreed as early

as 1974 to be removed and resettled in a new area, the Department of

Constitutional Development and Planning said this weekend.

47
Spokesman for the department, Mr Johan Oosthuizen, yesterday denied that the

families in the area were forcibly removed from the old location and resettled

in a new area, called Emthonjeni.

"Negotiations between the families and the government concerning the removals

started early in 1974. The families had agreed to be removed and it is not

true that they are being removed against their will," Mr Oosthuizen added.

He also denied that the families were not compensated for their properties.

"Most of the families decided to keep or send their old building materials to

the homelands after being removed. Others were compensated."

There are about 1,000 families in the old location. The removals, conducted

by officials of the Transvaal Provincial Administration [TPA] with the help

of the South African Police, started on Tuesday last week.

By last Friday, about 30 families had been resettled at Emthonjeni. Residents

had made it clear to SOWETAN that they were against the removals because in

the old location, where they had built their own houses, they were paying

a monthly rent of R15. Now they were going to pay R53 a month. Most of the

residents, who are employed as servants, earn between R50 and R150 a month.

A spokesman for the Machadodorp Residents Committee said they were still

negotiating with TPA officials to lower the rents in the new area and to

compensate them for their properties when "they took us by surprise and

removed us without any consultation."

Residents in the old location are using the old bucket system and about 20

families were sharing one communal tap. The new township has water-borne

sewerage and each house has a tap. The Emthonjeni houses each has four rooms.

Mr Oosthuizen said the department will meet residents in the area this week

and try and solve their problems, mainly that of rent in the new area.

A spokesman for the police Directorate of Public Relations in Pretoria

denied that residents who refused to be removed were manhandled, assaulted

and others arrested.

Meanwhile the Transvaal Rural Action Committee has condemned the removals.

A spokesman said: "The removals were done without legal notice. Families

were still negotiating with officials when they were removed. Residents

in the area are mostly domestic servants and farm-workers and rents in

Emthonjeni are very high for them as they earn less than R200 a month.

/9738

CSO: 3400/257

48
SOUTH AFRICA

PATHOLOGIST REPORTS ON UDF LEADER'S DEATH IN CUSTODY

MB161234 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1128 GMT 16 Mar 87

[Text] Johannesburg, 16 Mar (SAPA)—United Democratic Front Northern Transvaal President Mr Peter Nchabeleng, who died within hours of being taken into

custody in Lebowa, apparently suffocated after inhaling the contents of his

stomach as he lay unconscious.

Extensive injury, caused by multiple blows with sticks or similar objects,

caused considerable blood loss and led to the fatal state of unconsciousness.

These are the conclusions of pathologist Professor Johann Loubser who conducted the post mortem examination on the 59-year-old former African National

Congress member. They are contained in the official medico-legal report.

An inquest into the death of Mr Nchabeleng, who died in April last year, will

be heard later this month in the remote Lebowa area of Sekhukhune.

The post-mortem report may be part of the evidence presented to establish the

precise cause of death. Of the appearance of the body the report says:

"A variety of bruises and abrasions... suggests that at least two inflexible

instruments such as sticks or clubs might have been used.

"The lash marks are so intermingled that no effort is made in describing

them to distinguish one from another."

/9738

CSO: 3400/258

49
SOUTH AFRICA

HOMELAND EDUCATION MINISTERS MEET VILJOEN

MB131916 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1856 GMT 13 Mar 87

[Text] Pretoria, 13 Mar (SAPA)—Ministers of education met in Pretoria today,

and also visited the Department of Education and Training career education

project operating in Atteridgeville, a joint statement from the ministers

said today.

The statement, issued by the Bureau for Information, said the meeting was

attended by education ministers from Gazankulu, Kangwane, Kwandebele,

Kwazulu and Qwaqwa and was chaired by Dr Gerrit Viljoen, minister of education

and development aid.

The career education project was a direct results of the "De Lange report"

on the "imbalance" between career and academic education and aims at

initially developing skills and later "specific career direction" and trades.

The statement said that in their senior secondary years, at least 21 percent

of pupils would be accomodated in "specialization courses in specific technical directions."

As part of its pilot project the Department of Education and Training introduced the program in a number of substandard A and standard 5 classes during

1986.

The project is currently being expanded to include 1533 schools throughout

the country in 1987 and would be "in principle" implemented in the "selfgoverning" territories.

/9738

CSO: 3400/257

50
SOUTH AFRICA

CISKEI COURT OVERTURNS DEPORTATION ORDERS

MB140734 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2231 GMT 13 Mar 87

[Text] Bisho, 13 Mar (SAPA)—Eight Ciskei deportation orders were ruled

invalid by the Ciskei Supreme Court here today because they had not been

considered individually by the minister of internal affairs and land tenure.

The court accepted blank deportation orders had been signed by the minister,

but details of the applicants had been filled in by policemen. The court

also accepted argument by the applicants that the minister had to deal with

each deportation himself and could not delegate such a decision.

The ruling was made in favor of eight people who had applied to the court

to declare their deportations to Transkei null and void. They were Mr

Mpunzi, Mr Cameron Mzimane, Miss Koleka Nancy Ncokaz and Miss Lindiwe Faith

Songca, all of Mdantsane, and Mr Zinakile Sikunana, Mr Valiphathwa Magade,

Mr Kalisilemali Nyeke and Miss Nonesi Nyeke, all of Zwelitsha.

The applicants said they had been served with warrants signed by the minister

of internal affairs and land tenure, stripping them of their citizenship.

They were then taken to police stations in Mdantsane and Zwelitsha before

being "dumped" at the Ciskei border. At the South African side of the border,

they were told by policemen that South Africa was not a dumping ground for

Ciskei citizens.

Some of the applicants said although they were born in Transkei, they had

taken up Ciskei citizenship. But after being served with the warrants,

their Ciskei identity documents had been confiscated by the police. The

court was told the deportation hampered the applicants1right to live,

work and move freely within Ciskei. Mr Justice Pickard granted the

application.

/9738

CSO: 3400/258

51
SOUTH AFRICA

CISKEI CLOSES COLLEGE. AFTER BOYCOTT

MB131642 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1639 GMT 13 Mar 87

[Text] Bisho, 13 Mar (SAPA)—-The Ciskei Government today closed the Lennox

Sebe College of Education in the wake of the student boycott of classes

yesterday, the director-general of education, Mr K.B. Tabata, has announced,

Mr Tabata said in a press statement today the students "have turned the

college into a hot-bed of activists and a center of militants." He said

his department would establish a commission of inquiry to investigate

whether:

—the boycott was politically motivated.

—an organization existed which was responsible for the disruption classes.

—any student or group of students were involved in the activities of the

organization.

—any members of the staff had been implicated in disrupting the smooth

administration of the school.

Students were ordered to leave the campus by noon today, Mr Tabata said. It

is the second time this year that students boycotted classes. "It is

abundantly clear that the students at this college have deliberately and

wittingly embarked on the course of undermining authority and discipline

and order.

"The students have turned the college into a hot-bed of activists and a center

of militants. It is obvious that the repeated boycotts are an attempt at

making it impossible to run the college for the full duration of the academic

year."

/9738

CSO: 3400/258

52
SOUTH AFRICA

POLICEMAN TELLS OF ORDER TO ATTACK 'COMRADES'

MB061711 Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 6 Mar 87 pp 1, 8

[Article by Mathatha Tsedu]

[Text] A senior Lebowa policeman told an inquest hearing yesterday that

policeman at Mokopane police station had been issued with sjamboks and ordered

to hunt for "Comrades" in shebeens and to assault and kill them on the day

that a journalist was arrested and later found dead in police cells.

Warrant Officer [W/0] Lucas Magagane, branch commander at the time, was

testifying at the inquest into the death of Mr Makompo Lucky Kutumela, a

journalist and member of the Azanian People's Organization (AZAPO) and the

Media Workers' Association of South Africa (Mwasa). He died in police cells

less than 24 hours after he was detained with six other people on 4 April

last year.

The inquest is being held at the Mokopane Magistrate's Court near

Portgietersrus.

W/0 Magagane told the hearing that the assistant station commander at

Mokopane, a Warrant Officer MolongWane, told him and about 20 policemen at

a parade on 4 April to arm themselves with sjamboks and hunt for "Comrades"

at shebeens in Mahwelereng township.

"He told all members to visit all shebeens and to sjambok all comrades found

drinking. He said they must hit to kill. I withdrew myself because I was

not impressed by the instructions that the assistant station commander had

issued to his subordinates," W/0 Magagane said.

He said he had found the following day while checking the entry in the

register that one prisoner was listed as dead and three others admitted to

hospital with serious sjambok wounds. He had not seen any of them, he said.

Under cross-examination by Mr Dikgang Moseneke, for the Kutumela family, W/0

Magagane said he had earlier issued an order to the same group of policemen

to go on patrol but not to enter "any premises, house or dwelling while people

were relaxing because they would disturb the peace and this would result in

fights with the residents."

53
He said W/0 Molongwane had said "comrades" should be sjambokked to death

because they prohibited policemen from buying in township shops and using

taxis.

Mr J. Wessels, for the police, applied for the postponement of the crossexamination of Warrant Officer Magagane. The request was granted.

Earlier, the packed courtroom heard Mr Moseneke accuse a 24-year-old constable

of deliberately lying to the court to minimize his role in the killing of Mr

Kutumela.

Constable Matome David Seunane, had earlier told Mr M.B. Mabuza that he was

present when Mr Kutumela and six other Azapo members were arrested at a

shebeen for allegedly holding an illegal gathering. He said they were

sjambokked at the house for refusing to leave but said he did not see which

policeman had assaulted the group.

Mr Moseneke accused Constable Seunane of contradicting himself and all other

police witnesses including entries in the occurrence book and added: "This

is because you want to extricate yourself from the responsibility of

murdering the deceased. You hit him with the butt of your rifle while

Constable Rampedi kicked him repeatedly on the chest."

The policeman denied that.

The hearing was adjourned to 2 June.

/9738

CSO: 3400/257

54
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

U.S. EMBARGO LIST—PUTCO [Public Utility Transport Corporation] has slammed

the compilers of the U.S. list of South African companies embargoed under

the Comprehensive Antiapartheid Act. The bus company has told the Americans

that if they regard PUTCO as a parastatal or government-controlled company

because of the subsidy received, every other bus company in South Africa

should be on the list. PUTCO's spokesman Pat Rogers, [Begin Rogers

recording] It was subsequently suggested that if we wanted to name the other

operators, they would be placed to have a look at them. We have refused to

do their homework for them. We really don't see that that is our role but

sure, I could name other operators and including not only white operators

but black operators and Indian operators. And I would then ask that they

be placed on this parastatal list .[Excerpt] [Umtata Capital Radio in English

0800 GMT 13 Mar 87 MB] /9738

CLOSURE OF QWA QWA UNIVERSITY—Johannesburg, 18 Mar (SAPA)—Two-major black

youth organizations today condemned the "high-handed and short-sighted

manner" of campus authorities which led to the closure of the University of

Qwa Qwa yesterday. The two organizations, the Azanian Students Movement

(AZASM), and the recently-formed Azanian Youth Organization (AZAYO), jointly

issued a statement. The statement said: "The university authorities have

shown a blatant disregard for, and made an utter mockery of, the call by

AZASAM and other organizations for students to return to classes." The

university was closed yesterday by the authorities after about a week long

boycott of classes by students in a demand for more lecturers. "We demand

that the university be re-opened, students be unconditionally re-instated

and demands redressed with the utmost seriousness," the statement said.

[Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1803 GMT 18 Mar 87 MB] /9738

NATAL TOWNSHIP FUNERALS RESTRICTED—Pretoria, 18 Mar (SAPA)—Police today

gazetted "standard" restrictions on funerals for unrest victims in four

Natal magisterial districts. Port Natal Divisional Police Commissioner Johann

van Niekerk made the emergency regulation restrictions applicable to seven

Inanda, Pinetown, Durban and Umlazi townships. According to the orders,

funeral services may not be held without the commissioner's prior approval-rout of doors—or with anyone but an ordained minister acting as a speaker.

A ban was also placed on joint funerals; public address systems; more than

55
200 people attending; banners, posters, etc; and proceedings lasting more

than three hours. The townships are Kwamashu, Ntuzuma, Clermont, Kwadabeka,

Chesterville, Lamontville and Umlazi township. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA

in English 1330 GMT 18 Mar 87 MB] /9738

JOBLESS BLACKS INCREASE—Pretoria, 16 Mar (SAPA)—The percentage of unemployed

blacks in the self-governing states increased to 18 percent last year from

8 percent in 1980, central statistics said in a news release in Pretoria.

Economically active blacks had also dropped to 30 percent from 34 percent.

[Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1321 GMT 16 Mar 87 MB] /9738

UNIVERSITY NUMBERS DROP—Student numbers of Fort Hare University have dropped

to less than half of last year's figures following a Ciskei Government takeover. A university official says only 1,500 students are registered this

year compared to more than 3,000 last year. Students blame the drop on an

expected increase in harassment following the homeland's takeover of the

facility. They add, harassment of SRC [Student Representative Council]

members last year was harsh, and fears were that problems would escalate.

None of the SRC members have returned. Since the Bisho takeover, security

at the campus has also been tightened. [Text] [Umtata Capital Radio in

English 1000 GMT 12 Mar 87 MB] /9738

LOSS OF EYE SUIT—Azanian People's Organization President Mr Patrick Nkosi

Molala, who lost an eye last September when he was shot in White City, Soweto,

is suing the Minister of Law and Order and the Minister of Defense for

R50 200. According to papers filed in the Rand Supreme Court on Tuesday,

Mr Molala of 67 Ramatsui Street, Atteridgeville, Pretoria, was assaulted by

unknown members of either the police or the defense force. He claims he was

shot in the face by projectile and/or ammunition. As a result of the assault,

he says, he sustained severe injuries. Among other things, he lost his left

eye. He is claiming R200 for medical and hospital expenses, R5 000 for

estimated future medical expenses, R35 000 for general damages which include

shock, pain and disfigurement, permanent disability and loss of amenities of

life and RIO 000 for humiliation and impairment of dignity. [Article by

Nkopane Makobane] [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 6 Mar 87 p 2

MB] /9738

CSO: 3400/257

56
SOUTH AFRICA

PFP'S EGLIN ON ELECTION STRATEGY

MB071333 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1330 GMT 7 Mar 87

[Text] Johannesburg, 7 Mar (SAPA)—The leader of the Progressive Federal

Party, Mr Colin Eglin, today officially launched his party's campaign for the

May general election with a commitment to bring all reform-minded people

together in a political force aimed at sweeping the National Party from power.

Mr Eglin said that 6 months ago the objective of concerned South Africans was

to persuade the government to change.

"Today the objective of all South Africans who care for their country, is not

to try in vain to get the government to change, but to change the government."

He said many South Africans were now aware that the state president, Mr P. W.

Botha's government was not capable of reform and an alternative government was

needed to sweep the "jaded and confused conglomerate from office."

A new government would scrap apartheid and negotiate a new constitution based

on consent and not coercion or cooption.

South Africa could only have peace, stability and prosperity with a truly

representative and democratic government and the National Party had shown that

it was incapable of bringing this about.

"Whatever is happening in the social, economic, and sporting fields, old

fashioned apartheid, based on compulsory race classification remains the heart

of National Party thinking.

By clinging stubbornly to these outdated concepts the government was dragging

the country down by damaging the economy, eroding democracy and reducing the

standard of living of millions of South Africans.

While the election for members of the white House of Assembly was gearing up,

millions of black South Africans were waiting in the wings.

Mr Eglin appealed to candidates of all parties to conduct themselves during

the election in a way which would not harm relations between blacks and

whites. ~r ""

57
"Under no circumstances will the PFP look for white support at the cost of

black confidence and trust. We will act in a manner that the bridges of

mutual trust which still exist, will be strengthened and not broken down."

Mr Eglin said the strategy the PFP would adopt in the election was to abandon

the objective of being a perpetual opposition and setting its sights on

structuring an alternative government.

This included the alliance with the New Republic Party and the decision to

stand back for former Nationalists who were standing as independents. This

decision had been based on the assessment that the independents were committed

to the abolition of all apartheid measures and negotiation on a new

constitution by all the country's people.

He said the strategy of "loosening up party politics" was not without risks

but he believed there was a new tide amongst the electorate which was r~

willing to move away from the "fossilised party politics of the past."

now

The PFP's vision for the future was based on the views that the National Party

government must be removed, real reform and negotiation must take place, and

security must be maintained.

For the vision for a new South Africa to become reality, confidence had to be

restored and the economy had to be freed from bureaucracy, apartheid, and

outdated concepts.

The PFP's commitment was not to a party, an ideology or a group but to the

people of South Africa.

The meeting was also addressed by Mr Nie Olivier, PFP nominated member who

said it was an indictment of the National Party government that after nearly

40 years of rule it had been unwilling and incapable of initiating any

negotiation with blacks.

The 1983 tricameral constitution had effectively prevented any possibility of

accommodating blacks in the political dispensation. And this was the root

problem in South Africa.

The apartheid policy had been entrenched and while it remained embodied in the

constitution no credible black leaders would be willing to negotiate with the

government.

"If I had been subjected to the laws that this government has imposed in its

reign, I would also not trust them," he said.

Mr Harry Schwarz, MP for Yeoville said the government had been responsible for

high inflation, lack of economic growth, high unemployment and the debasement

of South Africa's currency.

58
He said inflation was higher than it had been in 66 years but the government

was still trying to investigate the causes. There had been investigations in

the past but the government was still searching for reasons for inflation.

"The government can try and hide the facts from the public but what it cannot

do is bluff the housewife who goes to the supermarket or the man who finds

that he now has less disposable income."

/9599

CSO: 3400/262

59
SOUTH AFRICA

PFP'S EGLIN CRITICIZES VOLK'S QUOTING ANC STATEMENTS

MB171357 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1346 GMT 17 Mar 87

[Text] Cape Town, 17 Mar (SAPA)—Ministers who selectively quote African

National Congress statements were today accused of "gross abuse" of the

emergency regulations.

Mr Colin Eglin, leader of the Progressive Federal Party, said it reflected

the arrogance of a government which had been in power too long.

National Party politicians are increasingly using the African National

Congress in the election campaign to attack the party's white opponents.

At a meeting in Cape Town, the minister of finance, Mr Barend du Plessis,

last night quoted ANC leaders in an attack on opponents of the National

Party.

In Bryanston former intelligence officer, Mr Craig Williamson, Nationalist

candidate for the constituency, said ANC moderates in London had told him

of an ANC plot to sow confusion and division among whites in the election

campaign.

These new moves follow the row over the minister of law and order, Mr

Adriaan Volk's quoting of the ANC on television at the weekend.

Mr Eglin said nationalist politicians were showing again that when it suited

them they put party political interests above the interests of ordinary

citizens. "The government is underestimating the intelligence of the.citizens

of this country. The voters are in no mood to be manipulated by a divided

and desperate government which has lost its way."

Mr Eglin said the PFP would choose its own issues on which to fight the

election.in spite of Nationalist attempts to bend the campaign in the

direction of the ANC and security issues.

/9738

CSO: 3400/255

60
SOUTH AFRICA

EGLIN OUTLINES 10 POINTS IN VISION FOR FUTURE

MB110456 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0029 GMT 11 Mar 87

[Text] Cape 'Town', 10 Mär (SAPA)—More anti-apartheid votes were going to be

cast on 6 May than in any previous election in South Africa, the leader of the

Progressive Federal Party Mr Colin Eglin, predicted last night.

Addressing a packed Fish Hoek civic hall in support of the party's Simons Town

candidate Mr John Scott, he said there was a grouftdswell of people opposing

the National Party on the fundamental principle that South African society be

based on voluntary association rather than compulsory "race grouping and

separation. ,

"People all over are standing up just as the PFP stood up against compulsory

apartheid over many years," he said. "I foresee a movement among the people

of South Africa. Among white voters, I see an alliance of moderates who want

a South Africa without apartheid. I foresee an alternative government that

will take over from the Nationalists and lead us to a future in which

moderates from all communities will find one another to make this country what

it should be—one of the greatest in the world."

What he foresaw was not a superficial political rumbling. The key issue

facing South Africa was that it Could only have peace, stability and

prosperity once there was a truly representative and democratic government.

This the Nationalist government was simply incapable of bringing about as (NP

leader) Mr P. W. Botha and his colleagues remained committed to old-fashioned

racism as the basis of their constitutional structure. "They cannot move into

a race-free South Africa."

People like former RAPPORT editor, Dr Wimpie de Klerk, the Stellenbosch

academics and the New Nat independents had all emphasised the need for free

association. "There will always be groups in South Africa," Mr Eglin said,

"but Mr Botha in spite of his reform on many terrains, is unable to cross his

political Rubicon. This is why the National Party clings to the tricameral

system and separate own affairs. This is the main reason why black leaders

such as Chief Minister Mangosuthu Buthelezi refuse to participate in the

government's so-called negotiation process."

61
On January 5, in reaction to Mr Hendrickse's Port Elizabeth swim, the state

president had made it clear that there could be no deviation from the groupbased constitution. "In short he said you must negotiate on my terms—

apartheid remains the essence of future developments in South Africa," Mr

Eglin said.

The ordinary South African was tired of the government's abuse of power for

party political gain. Most of them wanted to live in peace and wanted

security for themselves and their families. They knew that to obtain this,

change was needed and apartheid would have to go. "Most ordinary South

Africans want hope; they want to believe in leaders who have a vision for the

future."

Mr Eglin said he believed the PFP had such a vision and that a new and just

South Africa was possible. There were 10 points South Africans had to do to

bring this about.

— The Nationalist government had to be replaced by an alliance that could

form a strong, determined alternative;

— Real reform had to happen before it was too late by repealing apartheid

laws and removing discrimination;

— A new constitution including all South Africans without group domination

had to be brought about;

— Real negotiation between acknowledged leaders of all sections had to

commence as a matter of urgency;

— Law and order had to be maintained to safeguard rights of individual South

Africans;

~ Confidence now and in the future in the country's potential and its

government had to be restored;

— The economy had to be set free to generate the nation's wealth, fight

inflation, create jobs and provide the basic services people were entitled to;

— The citizens of the country were entitled to be cared for and protected in

terms of crime, education, accommodation and against hunger by a caring

government;

— The personal security of every South African, his family, his home, his job

and business had to be strived for; and

— South Africa's problems had to be solved by South Africans who should stand

together against sanctions and other destructive pressures from outside and

realise that this is where they belonged and where they had to share and build

the future together.

Mr Eglin said the PFP's commitment was not to a party, an ideology, a section

or a group but to the people of South Africa. "Its mission is not to break

down, or to force apart. Its mission is to bring together and to build," he

said.

/9599

CSO: 3400/262 62
SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY EMPHASIZES CONSTRAINTS ON REFORM

MB110522 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT in Mar 87

[Station commentary]

[Text] Enough has been said by now to make it clear that the commitment to

reform in South Africa is unchanged. For the elections on 6 May the governing

party is asking for a mandate to maintain and extend the present course.

Other parties are canvassing support for their particular views on where

change should ultimately lead the country. All the most strongly argued

election issues, in fact, are concerned with the various facets, implications,

and goals of the reform process.

While questions about the tempo of reform are an essential part of the debate,

at least the argument that there is no reform taking place is not so often

heard these days. Where it is heard, chiefly in criticism from abroad, it

usually takes the form of ignoring the progressive nature of reform and

concentrating on the gap that does still exist between social and political

conditions in South Africa and those in the West. It overlooks the fact that

the development of a society, in all its aspects, is not only highly complex

but, of necessity, evolutionary in character. The criticism ignores the

unavoidable constraints on the rate at which progress can be made.

Perhaps the most fundamental of those constraints formed the theme of an

address this week at the annual congress of the Medical Association of South

Africa. What critics generally ignore, says Dr G. S. Watermeyer, deputy

director general of health and population development, is that transition from

tribalism to Western-style democracy is a historical process that demands a

historical time scale. Because of a burgeoning population, enormous demands

are placed on state coffers—infrastructure is needed, as well as schools,

houses, food, water supplies, and work opportunities.

To provide for all this requires what he calls a critical mass of knowledge,

skill, technology, and knowhow. In South Africa these must be drawn from a

relatively small First World component of the population, Dr Watermeyer points

out. Individually and collectively they make up the dynamo that keeps the

country going. The implications for peaceful reform towards an equitable

dispensation for all are far-reaching.

63
Clearly every stage of this whole process of cultural adaption and

socioeconomie development imposes its own severe constraints on the rate at

which reform can take place.

It is worse than naive to imagine that the process can safely be by-passed,

and an instant solution be found simply by introducing a constitution that

meets Western norms. In essence such an approach would be no different from

that of Kwame Nkrumah, who plunged Ghana into chaos and misery with his

slogan: Seek ye first the political kingdom and all else will follow.

Continued reform—to correct wrongs and to build a just and prospering

society—is the first political imperative for any government and any

political party in South Africa. But the constraints that are inherent in the

development process may not be ignored. They must be confronted and dealt

with forcefully.

/9599

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SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY NOTES ANC 'AGITATION' OVER 6 MAY ELECTION

MB180545 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 18 Mar 87

[Station commentary]

[Text] The election that is to be held on 6 May is, it has been said,

irrelevant to black communities. In actual fact, however, the election is of

great importance to black citizens.

Among other issues, the state president is asking the white electorate for a

mandate for the participation of black communities in political

decisionmaking. Other political leaders will be asking for different mandates

on political and constitutional programs. But it cannot be said that

political reform and more—specifically the position of black people—is a

central issue in the election. One black organization that recognizes this

fact is the African National Congress. There is growing evidence of

agitation in the ranks of the ANC is not hard to find. Its actions are an

acknowledgement of the fact that revolutionary reform is on the march and that

its tempo will increase after the election.

Evolutionary reform is anathema to the ANC, it is against change and power

sharing being effected through discussion, consensus, and the evolutionary

process.

It has turned its back on negotiation and nonviolence—fundamental tenets of

democracy. Its plans are for terrorism and revolution and the creating of

conditions of Chaos, which it hopes to exploit to seize power and establish a

dictatorship in this country. The supposition that there is a difference

between the so-called internal ANC and the external ANC is a myth. Necklace

murders and limpet mines bear evidence of a common commitment to terrorism and

barbarism.

It is a fact, however, that the ANC strategy is planned in Lusaka and

London—and beyond that is the documented evidence of the influence of Moscow.

There is common ground among all political parties that the future of South

Africa can be decided from outside the country. Crucial decisions have to be

made on May. They have to be made within South Africa.

65
The political parties are now presenting their options to the voters and it

will be up to the electorate to pass judgment on 6 May. Thereafter, and

whatever the judgment of the electorate, will flow a process of negotiation

between the leaders of all population groups on future political and

constitutional dispensations. It is a process that will be undertaken, and

decided upon, within South Africa by South Africans.

/9599

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SOUTH AFRICA

STELLENBOSCH CANDIDATE ON REASON FOR NP DEFECTION

MB081038 Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 8 Mar 87 p 16

[Article by John Maclennan]

[Text] Dr Esther Lategan, the independent candidate in Stellenbosch, is

standing against the National Party she has supported all her life because

she passionately believes somebody has to do something about the political

logjam.

"I am standing for election because of my responsibility as a citizen. I

am convinced we have to do everything possible to get the process of reform

going again. This just doesn't seem possible with the National Party.

There is no initiative. Nothing new is coming from it."

Even if the NP were genuine about reform, she says, it could not implement

the program. "The Nat track record is not about reform and it does not have

enough credibility to get it going."

A win for her in Stellenbosch against the verligte (liberal) and likeable

sitting Nat MP, Piet Marais, will strike almost as many sparks as a victory

for Dr Worrall over the Helderberg incumbent, Minister Chris Heunis.

"It was important that somebody should stand in Stellenbosch, It has a

symbolic value because of its traditional close connection with the government. It is also important because the rest of the country, in the light

of the academic defection, is looking for Stellenbosch,"

This 43-year-old mother of three is no militant feminist. She trained at

Stellenbosch University and qualified in social work and community development. At the same time she has an imposing presence which probably stands

her in good stead as a high successful businesswoman. She has a clothing

factory and several outlets.

For the last 18 months she has been worrying about the country's slide and

eventually decided to do something herself.

67
"I want to get the process of reform going again. The 'how' of this will be

decided on after we arrive in Parliament."

She is not concerned about having to answer tricky political questions at

her public meetings. Her concern is not with political history, but with

what is going wrong now.

"But, broadly speaking, she will be telling people: "We believe all discriminatory laws and regulations must be lifted for us to carry on with the

process of negotiation. You cannot negotiate with people who are not on the

same footing as you are."

She clearly believes the independents have everything going for them. "This

is a groundswell movement. It is spontaneous. There's great enthusiasm

building up, not just here but all over the country. The support comes from

all sorts of people... from the technician who fixes your telephone, from

academics, from all sorts of people in the community.

"Even friends in the colored community in Stellenbosch are taking an interest.

One rang to say she was sorry she could not vote for me and she wanted to do

work for me in the election."

Dr Lategan has disclosed that she has the backing of a formidable team of

helpers. She would not give details but sources said they included:

—Mr Johan Rupert, "crown prince" of the Rembrandt empire and son of Dr Anton

Rupert. His name has been mentioned ever since the independent's furore

started.

—Mr Michiel le Roux, the 36-year-old "Wunderking" MD [managing director]

of the liquor giant Oude Meester.

—Mr Wilhelm Landman, MD of the Cape Town-based public relations firm

Intermark. ' ' >

/9738

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SOUTH AFRICA

SPEECHES, DECLARATION MARK DETAINEES DAY MEETING

MB121716 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1710 GMT 12 Mar 87

[Text] Johannesburg, 12 Mar (SAPA)—Manydetained children suffered severe

depression, a symptom of internalized anger, impotence, loss of interest

in life and loss of self esteem, Mrs Mendel Mendelow, of the Detained

Counseling Service said today.

She was addressing some 1500 people commemorating National Detainees Day

organized by the DPSC [Detainees Parents Support Committee]. Others to

speak were the president of the South African Council of Churches, the Rev

Beyers Naude, and two 17-year-old youths.

Mrs Mendelow spoke of the effects of detention on children and their

families saying that when a family member was detained, the home could no

longer provide security as family life was disrupted.

She brought into question the Validity of the Childrens Act which makes

provision for the courts to transfer abused children to the protection of

the state.

In the case of detained children, "the question is raised, who is protector

and who is abuser?"

There were however, positive factors. A large percentage of children were now

involving themselves in "resistance organizations" which gave them "dignity,

purpose and greater control."

Following the Mendelow1s speech, well known anti-apartheid activists were

called to the stage to sign a declaration to "free the children," Among

them were Mrs Helen Joseph, Mrs Albertina Sisulu, Mrs Aubrey Mokoena and

the Rev Peter Storey.

Mr Beyers Naude spoke specifically about children in detention, saying that

in any "civilized" society, minors are not detained and if they are, they

are instantly released.

69
He said when one detained a child, the question was not what the child had

done, but what society had done to the child. The moment had arrived for

policy makers in the country to question their laws and themselves and stop

making it look as if something was wrong with the children they keep in detention, he said. "Once you set foot on a slippery road" where "justice"

begins to "erode", only "tyranny" could result.

He wondered how those who are called upon "to enforce the law" reconcile

themselves as parents. He cited as an example the role of a family man or

woman who can bring him or herself to the point that he/she can allow so

many to be detained and tortured, and sleep peacefully at night." "Any

society which allows this process is digging its own grave."

Mr Naude then called on the government to free all the children in detention

and also appealed to those who "still wish to hear" and who up to now have

supported the government, to change their way of thinking, for their own

"futures" and that of their children. He likened the situation to that--of

German children, whose parents lived through World War II. Like them, South

Africans will one day turn around and ask their parents why they did not do

anything about the desperate situation which has developed in this country.

He pledged his support for the initiative of any "white person especially

Afrikaners" who decided to "stand up and be counted. As long as one child

remains in prison, the country remains in shackles."

To end the meeting, "a message of support" was read out from the detainees

currently being held at the Johannesburg prison.

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SOUTH AFRICA

STRIKE ENDS AFTER COMPANY GRANTS WAGE INCREASES

MB100907 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0903 GMT 10 Mar 87

[Text] Johannesburg, 10 Mar (SAPA)—A 3 week strike by 700 Chemical Workers

Industrial Union [CWIU] members has ended with Mining Industrial Rubber [MIR]

agreeing to between 31 and 54 percent wage increases and May Day and 16 June

as paid holidays.

The workers at the company's four plants in the Transvaal will return to work

tomorrow.

Women workers scored in the negotiations—minimum rates were improved by 54

percent and maternity leave for 6 months with job security was granted.

According to a statement issued by CWIU negotiations dead-locked at the

conciliation board last week.

"It was only at a whole days mediation session on Sunday when a breakthrough

in negotiations was recorded," the statement said.

"Workers won a 31 percent increase on the bottom grade, to be paid as R80 per

month backdated to January and R34 in July.

"Significant steps towards equalisation of wages were made for women workers

and Phalaborwa workers.

"Minimum rates for women workers have improved by 54 percent to be paid as

R107 in January and R54 in July.

"Minimum rates for Phalaborwa workers move by 49 percent—R100 in January and

R53 in July.

"Workers also won May Day and 16 June as paid public holidays, and unpaid

maternity leave for 6 months with job security.

"The struggle for maternity leave and job security has been a long and hard

battle as the company in the past 3 years refused to grant maternity leave.

71
"This will herald the beginning of an era in MIR where the working conditions

of women will come under close scrutiny.

"Other victories for workers include an improved long service allowance

scheme, guaranteed annual bonus, and a minimum of 4 days unpaid compassionate

leave."

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SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

PFP-NRP ELECTION ALLIANCE LAUNCHED—The leader of the PFP, Mr Colin Eglin,

says the most crucial problems in South Africa are the lack of peace,

stability, and progress. Speaking at a meeting at (Umhlale) on the Natal

north coast last night to launch the PFP-NRP election alliance, Mr Eglin

said these problems could be solved only by a truly representative democratic

government. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT12 Mar 87 MB] /9738

MIGRATION LOSSES STATISTICS—Pretoria, 17 Mar (SAPA)--South Africa suffered a

net loss of 6,717 residents due to migration last year, after having gained

5,883 in 1985, central statistics said in Pretoria today. Of the 13,711

people who left South Africa last year, 2,312 were professionals. A total of

88,509 foreign tourists arrived in South during December, more than 3,000 more

than in 1985. But the total for the year dipped by 83,050 to 644,502. Less

South Africans travelled abroad. Some 65,764 left in December against 69,696

in December 1985, bringing the total for the year to 499,764 compared with

509,628 in 1985. Business trips increased slightly, but less holidaymakers

and students left on overseas visits. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English

1657 GMT 17 Mar 87] /9599

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73
SOUTH AFRICA

RESERVE BANK GOVERNOR ON INFLATION

MB061043 Johannesburg Television Service in Afrikaans 1830 GMT 4 Mar 87

[Interview with Reserve Bank Governor Gerhard de Kock, by Jerry Schuitema

on the "Network" program—video recorded]

[Text] Dr de Kock, why is there so much attention again being given to

inflation?

[De Kock] The government and the Reserve Bank see inflation in a serious

light. It is an evil, and must be combated. Fair enough, the rate of

inflation has dropped; and, at 15.1 percent, it compares very well with the

rates of inflation in many other countries. As you know, in South America

it is not at all unusual to have 200, 300, 400, and up to 600 percent inflation.

But to us, the inflation rate here is still too high, particularly when

compared with the industrialized countries, which are our trading partners.

So we must take further steps to reduce it.

[Schuitema] But certain measures have already been taken, such as monetary

policy; and the exchange rate of the rand has stabilized. Will these not

have the desired effect?

[De Kock] Yes, things are moving in the right direction. The news in

general is good. The growth rate is increasing. Our gold and foreign

exchange reserves, which increased by 1 billion rands in January, have

increased by a further 700 million rands in February, even after we had

repaid 240 million rands to the IMF. So, things are going well. But the high

inflation rate remains a thorn in our side. We feel it is too high, and

we want to reduce it.

[Schuitema] Is this the price we have had to pay—a high rate of inflation

and a weak rand—for the results of your policy and the improvement in the

economy?

[De Kock] Yes. Look, the shocks that hit our economy necessitated adjust<-

ments. The drop in the gold price, the drought, the withdrawal of capital—

we had to make adjustments. In the process it was inevitable that the value

of the rand had to drop against other currencies. Now, this adjustment

74
process is largely a thing of the past. In fact, it came off well, and the

rate of exchange also played its role. It promoted exports; it kept the rand

value of exports high and even caused them to increase; it reduced imports,

and protected our gold and foreign exchange reserves. But then it also

increased the prices of imported goods; and this filtered down to the domestic

economy and pushed up the price index, increasing the rate of inflation.

[Schuitema] Are there not some vested interests that benefit from inflation?

[De Kock] Yes, there definitely are some groups in our society that benefit

from inflation. If, for instance, the inflation rate is 16 percent and my

income goes up by 18 percent, then my overall position has improved by 2

percent, and I am better off. This is especially so if the value of my home

and my Krugerrands and my gold shares have also Increased.

But there are also those who are very badly hit by inflation. They are the

people with salaries, pensions, which do not increase as fast as the rate of

inflation. The government and the reserve bank feel great sympathy for our

senior citizens, those people who live on a pension, perhaps supplemented by

interest earned from savings,.or at the post office. Now, these people have

worked for 30 to 40 years, saving, and doing what we asked of them. Now,

their reward is to see that the buying power of their income is being reduced.

Their pensions are, of course, adjusted from time to time, but not enough to

keep pace with inflation. The interest they earn from the banks is negative,

in real terms. Then they still have to pay tax on that. So, these people

have the right to feel unhappy. They are the ones we want to help. We

want to take steps to bring them some relief; and reducing the inflation rate

is one way of doing so.

[Schuitema] Looking at the steps that can be taken against inflation, will

it not retard economic growth?

[De Kock] That is a very important point you have brought up. You see, the

government does not have only a policy to combat inflation. Economic policy

covers much more. One has to see that the economy grows, that job opportunities

are created for our fast growing population. We must also keep the balance

of payments on track to deal with sanctions and disinvestment. If the only

goal of our economic policy was to fight inflation, we would have been able

to bring it down by means of high taxes, low state spending, high interest

rates, limits on hire-purchase, and the like. That would certainly lower the

inflation rate, but at great cost. It would increase unemployment. It would

cause a negative growth rate. It might even cause a considerable drop in

stock exchange prices. It would bring about great disruption. It is no help

to a person if prices remain stable and he is unemployed and cannot earn

money. So, we have to maintain a balance. We must keep the economy strong

and control inflation in a way that does not undermine growth.

[Schuitema] So, what are the causes of inflation?

75
[De Kock] Well, the inflation we are experiencing at present is, in my view,

caused largely by the depreciation of the rand—the exchange rate, the rand

against other currencies—during the second half of 1985 and again the second

quarter of 1986. This sent up the prices of imported goods and worked down

to the domestic economy. Inevitably, domestic prices had to rise. But now

the rand is strengthening. Since June last year it has appreciated markedly,

more than 27 percent, effectively, against other currencies. As a result, the

inflationary effect should now begin to decrease. The point is that our

present inflation is not the usual kind of inflation brought about by printing

too much money. We do not have the so-called to much money chasing too few

goods [preceeding phrase in English]. Not at all. Total spending is too low

rather than too high. So we must not take steps to cut spending. That might

help to reduce inflation, but it would dump the economy into a depression,

and we dp not want that at all.

[Schuitema] Certain countries have succeeded in combating inflation,

apparently, by freezing salaries and prices. Israel, for example, brought

down its inflation from about 280 percent to 18.5 percent. Can we not freeze

salaries and prices, too?

[De Kock] No, I do not think so. I certainly would not recommend that we

freeze salaries and wages and prices, or even comprehensive, direct control.

It seems an attractive solution, but it is not really a solution.

One has to remove the causes of inflation, not treat the symptoms. If the

thermometer indicates a person's fever is too high, it wouldn't help to put

the thermometer in a glass of cold water. The fault is not with the thermometer. The causes of the patient's fever must be dealt with.

The same applies to inflation. It is no use treating the symptoms by freezing

prices and salaries. That would also cause other practical problems in a

country like ours—certain price increases, over which the government has

no control, like the price of oil. If domestic companies cannot pass on

these price increases, they will end up bankrupt. That would bring about

unemployment. So we would not get very far by holding down salaries and

prices.

What we do need is for the public sector to set the example for the other

sectors by seeing to it that prices and salaries increase by less than the

rate of inflation. The same applies to administered prices, such as electricity tariffs or postal tariffs. But to just summarily freeze prices and

salaries would create more problems than it would solve.

[Schuitema] So you are not saying there should be no public service salary

increases?

[De Kock] No, no. The rate of inflation at present is 16 percent. Real

salaries and wages in the economy and also in government have dropped over the

past few years. Salary increases have been lower than price increases. Now,

if we want to combat inflation, it is necessary that real incomes should drop

76
again in the coming year. But that does not mean that nominal salaries and

wages should not be increased. We cannot use public servants as cannon

fodder in the war.against inflation. We must correct inflation. We must

vot penalize the victims of inflation further. It would be totally unfair

to teachers and nurses and public servants to freeze their salaries. I

believe that moderate salary increases are fully justified.

[Schuitema] So, to sum up, then, doctor, do you think we can follow a policy

of economic growth while at the same time combating inflation?

[De Kock] Yes. Let us be honest though. The priority at the moment is to

achieve growth, to create job opportunities, to fight sanctions and disinvestment effectively. That means, necessarily, that.the inflation rate can

only be forced down gradually. It would be foolish to concentrate only on

inflation. But the fight against inflation has a high priority and forms an

integral part of official policy against price increases. The public sector

can only accept tax. reductions—which would be very desirable—if the

government's spending is held in check. That is why government spending is

being held in check. The Reserve Bank will soon be setting the money supply

target lower than last year, as a sign that we really want to do our best to

bring down inflation. But the main thing is that we must keep the economy

strong, and not try fighting inflation in a way that undermines growth and

job creation.

[Schuitema] Thank you, doctor.

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SOUTH AERICA

RESERVE BANK SETS MONEY SUPPLY GROWTH GOALS

MB101204 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1200 GMT 10 Mar 87

[Text] Pretoria, 10 Mar (SAPA)—The governor of the Reserve Bank, Dr Gerhard

de Kock, announced in Pretoria today that the bank had set its new target

range for the rate of increase of the broad money supply—M3—between the

fourth quarter of 1986 and the fourth quarter of 1987 at 14 to 18 percent.

The comparable target range during 1986 was 16 to 20 percent.

Dr de Kock told a press briefing that the targeting would be "applied with

flexibility and a low profile.

"There will be no rigid and overriding money rule that implies leaving

interest rates and exchange rates completely free to find their levels at

all times."

Instead, the monetary authorities would continue to exercise discretionary

judgment in deciding what combination of money supply, interest rates and

exchange rates should be aimed at. "But this discretion will naturally be

constrained by the need to avoid changing the M3 target so often that it loses

its meaning," Dr de Kock said.

He said the marked depreciation of the rand—and not primarily excessive

wage demands by unions—was to blame for the high inflation rate. A gradual

decline in inflation could be achieved over the next two years however.

He said a tentatively-estimated 1 percent growth rate during 1986 may rise

to 3 percent this year.

Discussing South Africa's debt repayments, Dr de Kock said foreign banks were

"more relaxed" as they were getting their interest and some of their

principal. Discussions continued.

The economy was on the upswing, albeit sluggishly, since it had started from

a low base.

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SOUTH AFRICA

STUDY SHOWS ECONOMY READY FOR EXPANSION

MB101032 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1031 GMT 10 Mar 87

[Text] Cape Town, 10 Mar (SAPA)—The South African economy has probably

reached the end of a period of contraction and should now be taking a turn

for the better and enter into a period of expansion, the Bureau for Economic

Research at the University of Stellenbosch has reported.

In its latest edition of TRENDS, a quarterly statistical analysis of economic

trends, the bureau said the improvement in economic activity showed up

clearly in the graphs which reflect the performance of the manufacturing

sector. The total physical output of this sector was increasing, although

some subsectors were still struggling.

Sectors which were apparently doing better than a year ago included tobacco,

textiles, wearing apparrel, machinery, paper and packing.

Sectors in which the tempo of activity remain sluggish include metal products,

iron and steel and food and beverages.

The bureau said the building sector was apparently still sluggish, the index

which reflects cement sales peaked in mid-1984 and as yet there was no

indication of a tower turning-point being near.

Mining production volumes tended to move upwards in total, but sectors such

as diamonds, coal, manganese, non-metallic minerals and metallic minerals,

were experiencing cyclical declines in the volume of production.

The up-tick in economic activity was also reflected in an improved utilization of productive capacity in the manufacturing sector. This was fairly

broadly based and included subsectors such as basic iron and steel and

industrial chemicals.

Wholesale and retail sales remained sluggish and the trend in general appeared

to be sideways. There were, however, indications that the retail cycle may

reverse course in the near future as wholesale sales have already done so.

79
Even though productive capacity was better utilized by the motor industry,

sales of both passenger and commercial vehicles were declining steadily in

terms of units sold. In revenue terms, however, the trend is decidedly

upwards with used vehicles in particular doing well.

As far as trends in the tourism industry were concerned total revenue of

hotels improved during 1986 as a result of an increase in bednights sold

as well as a high occupancy rate.

The bureau said excessive price increases have been the Achilles heel of the

South African economy since 1970. "The trend-cycle graphs depicting movements in the production price index as well as the consumer price index hold

little hope for an abatement in these increases in the near future."

Turning to the business cycles of the various regions within South Africa,

the bureau said the country was apparently moving out of recession and such

movements were particularly clear in Durban, Pretoria and even Port Elizabeth.

The Johannesburg and Cape Town cycle appeared to be bottoming Out.

"Thus, the economic expansion is clearly not yet spread over the country as

a whole."

The bureau said it must also be kept in mind that confidence was lacking and

that the election campaign by itself was dampening economic growth.

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80
SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY NOTES FAVORABLE DEBT REPAYMENT RECORD

MB120528 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 12 Mar 87

[Station commentary]

[Text] The South African economy is moving slowly off a low base. That's

the good news from the governor of the Reserve Bank, Dr Gerhard de Kock. More

good news from Dr de Kock is that monetary measures now being taken by the

authorities should see a gradual reduction in the rate of inflation to well

below the levels of recent years. And Dr de Kock has expressed optimism that

a satisfactory new arrangement will be reached with creditor banks abroad

when the current debt repayment accord ends in June.

South Africa's foreign debt commitment is miniscule compared with the total

debt crisis facing the world. The foreign debt of the Third World is today

the world's biggest economic headache. This debt now exceeds $1 trillion.

That's the equivalent of two thousand thousand million rand [as published].

If this debt were converted into $1 coins, it would take one thousand people

working around the clock, 320 years to count the coins.

Brazil is the largest debtor nation, owing 130 thousand million. Next

on the list is Mexico, with a foreign debt of $100 thousand million. And

Argentina is third with a debt of $50 thousand million.

South Africa's foreign debt, by contrast, is comparatively small at $22

thousand million. And, where Brazil owes the equivalent of 44 percent of her

gross national product, the figure for South Africa is only 25 percent.

The debt crisis has several causes, among them excessive lending by Western

commercial banks, which in the 1970's were swamped with investments by oil

producers, abrupt policy changes, and, in some cases, an unbalanced policy

mix by industrial countries, and excessive borrowing by Third World

governments with often defective economic policies.

Five years ago, the chickens came home to roost; Mexico announced that she

was unable to service her borrowings from commercial banks. Other countries

have since been forced to reschedule their debts. In September 1985 South

Africa froze repayments on $14 billion of foreign debt after foreign banks

had cut credit lines, but has emphatically declared that she will not

81
follow Brazil's decision to suspend interest payments as opposed to repayments on the original debt.

The decision by Brazil last month to suspend interest repayments has caused

several other Latin American governments to rethink their debt policies.

A drastic, or sudden, deterioration in the foreign debt situation could unleash

a stampede for, in particular, gold and platinum, which, in turn, would

significantly increase South Africa's foreign exchange earnings and, in the

process, boost her ability to honor her debt commitments. Be that as it may,

South Africa has in the past year faithfully met the conditions of the interim

debt arrangements, and, by doing so has sent a strong signal to the international banking fraternity and to the world at large. That signal is that ^

South Africa has a strong and resilient economy that has weathered the outside

attacks of the recent past and is set for growth in the year ahead.

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SOUTH AFRICA

PFPlS SCHWARZ QUESTIONS DEBT REPAYMENT SCHEDULE

MB112021 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1845 GMT 11 Mar 87

[Text] Johannesburg, 11 Mar (SAPA)—Without foreign capital South Africa

would be hindered in finding solutions, but were the solutions not more

important than repaying foreign debts at a faster pace? Mr Harry Schwarz,

PFP finance spokesman asked today.

South Africa could not afford to export the capital for job creation needed

for stability in the country, he said in a statement on the foreign debt

repayment negotiations taking place.

South Africans against violent change should not only support measures to

ensure stability but support efforts to create employment. Maintaining a

Western economy and political system could also only be maintained under

stable conditions.

"Overseas banks should appreciate that it is not only in the interest of

South Africans that such a system should come about, but also in the

interests of the West generally and in their own interest as bankers."

It was essential that the international banking community provided new loans,

and therefore South Africa had to come to terms with them on an acceptable

and reasonable basis.

However, Mr Schwarz, said, "the question might well be asked, not only of

ourselves, but of the overseas bankers as to what help it will be to pay off

the debts at a faster pace if as a result we find ourselves seriously hindered

in finding a solution to our socio-economic and political problems."

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SOUTH AFRICA

ASSOCOM OPPOSES WAGE, PRICE FREEZE TO CURB INFLATION

MB101615 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1508 GMT 10 Mar 87

[Text] Johannesburg, 10 Mar (SAPA)—The Associated Chambers of Commerce

(Assocom) have come out strongly against any thought of a price and wage

freeze as a way to curb inflation. "Such drastic action is to admit an

inability to tackle the underlying causes of inflation," the association has

said in the leading article in the latest issue of the "Chamber Bulletin.

"The whole thorny issue of inflation and its control has long been the

subject of debate in the chamber of commerce movement," says the bulletin.

"Some theoreticians would claim that the curbing of inflation brings recession

in its train. The irony is that South Africa has seen the face of recession

with no let-up in the rate of inflation. Is this perhaps the reason why

so many advocate a price and wage freeze?"

"Some claim," says the chamber, "that most economies, South Africa included,

are to a greater or lesser extent indexed. That means that wages rise to take

account of previous price changes, then prices rise to take account of the

wage rises. The cycle proceeds, without formal indexation, because of

people's expectations about future inflation.

"Break this cycle on prices and incomes and you break those expectations about

future inflation. Right? Wrong. Direct controls that freeze price and

wage increases fail to tackle the underlying causes of inflation. Any such

drastic measures may even suggest that the authorities are unable to grapple

with the underlying causes. Among the causes are the apparent lack of fiscal

restraint associated with the inability to manage the budget.

"In more recent times an inordinately depressed exchange rate (stemming from

lack of investor confidence) has impacted adversely on the cost structure of

commerce and industry. In an environment of such uncertainty, it would be

foolish to expect inflationary expectation to decline overnight."

/9738

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SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY VIEWS SUCCESS IN JOB TRAINING

MB120535 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 13 Mar 87

[Station commentary]

[Text] The disclosure this week of an apparent slight downturn in the number

of unemployed blacks is no doubt the result of a variety of factors. There

is increasing evidence of a gradual improvement in the economy. Nevertheless the latest available figure-—1,087,000 registered jobless, not including

the TBVC [Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda, Ciskei] countries-r-remains a cause

for grave concern. It is therefore gratifying to note that impressive gains

continue to be made in the national program of job training for the most

lowly skilled workers.

It is a recurring theme of South African economic cycles that the strength

and duration of a revival are limited by a shortage of skilled workers. This

is true of all levels, even while the pool of unemployed unskilled or lowly

skilled workers keeps growing. Large-scale training projects, even in the

midst of recession, are essential both to improve workers' job prospects and

to strengthen South Africa's ability to progress economically.

Several years ago the state determined rapid job creation as a high priority

goal. It is being tackled on many fronts, among them formal education and

economic deregulation to encourage the small entrepreneur. Another initiative

was the-establishment of a program for training unemployed workers in specific

tasks for which a need had been identified by employers in the private sector.

The first courses were launched in July 1985. Within 15 months nearly

three-quarters of a million work-seekers had received intensive training in

some 180 job categories, in courses of three to five Weeks duration. The

program'was an Immediate success; 30 percent of those taking the course

obtained employment immediately after qualifying, and eventually 70 percent

were placed in jobs appropriate to their training. Another 20 percent struck

out on their own, as small entrepreneurs and jobbers in the informal sector.

The latest phase of the program will raise the total number of people trained

in this way to well over 1 million by the end of this month. "

85
To an important degree the problem of creating employment in the Third World

is one of raising productivity in a modern technological environment. Jobs

become available—whether in the form of self-employment or joining an

established concern—to the extent that people acquire the knowledge and

skills that are needed in the economy to satisfy the demands of the society.

And in developing community on aspect of that requirement is more pressing

than that people should be assisted in gaining at least the basic skills

to get a foothold in the economic system.

In that context it is hardly possible to overstate the value of the massive

job-training program that is under way in South Africa.

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SOUTH AFRICA

INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING FIRM TO SELL RSA SUBSIDIARY

MB161359 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1358 GMT 16 Mar 87

[Text] Johannesburg, 16 Mar (SAPA)—Publishing giant International Thomson

is to sell its South African subsidiary because of increased consumer pressure

against the group in the United States.

The chief executive of Thomson Publications SA, Mr Joe Brady, said a decision

in principle had been reached between the South African company and its

parent for a buy-out by local management.

"We still have to work out the details but at least our staff, customers and

supplier have the assurance it will be business as usual. In practical

terms, nothing will change but the shareholding."

Mr Brady added that, in South Africa, Thomson Publications employed people

and produced nine trade and technical journals along with electronic

information services.

"We have been in South Africa for many years and are completely selfsufficient. I was told the decision to disinvest was taken most reluctantly

by our parent company but consumer pressure in the U.S. had reached a point

where it did not make business sense to retain the South African company."

Thomson Publications SA is a subsidiary of Thomson UK. Group international

headquarters are in New York.

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87
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

FREE TRADE AREAS -CREATED—Sixty free trade areas have been proclaimed in

28 municipal areas in South Africa in terms of the Group Areas Act since

28 February last year. This information was disclosed by the minister of

constitutional development and planning in the House of Assembly, Mr Chris

Heunis, in reply to a written question. Seven free trade areas were proclaimed in Port Elizabeth in November; five were introduced to Vryburg; four

each at Stellenbosch, Parow, and in Cape Town; three each in Kemberley,

East London, Pietermaritzburg, Fish Hoek and Paarl; and two each in Bellville, Nelspruit, and Queestown. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service

in English 0900 GMT 6 Mar 87 MB] /9738

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88
SA BUILDS OWN SOPHISTICATED CYCLOTRON

Pretoria SCIENTIAE in English Dec 86 pp 21-22

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text] E|ated scjentjsts at the CSIR's

National Accelerator Centre (NAC) at

Faure, 30 km from Cape Town, for

the first time produced an external

beam of proton particles which were

accelerated to 60 per cent of the

speed of light at 01 h45 on

September 2.

This is the full design energy of the

machine (200 MeV) which was

designed and built from scratch by

South African physicists, engineers

and technicians.

This impressive scientific and

technological achievement crowns

10 years of intense effort by NAC

personnel who carried out all the

theoretical and practical design work

as well as the assembly of the

machine's components. Many

components were manufactured in

South Africa to stringent

specifications and imported

components were used only when it

was cost-effective to do so.

The separated sector cyclotron is

unique in the sense that a machine

meeting all the diverse requirements

of multi-disciplinary users in South

Africa does not exist elsewhere -

thus the decision to 'go it alone'.

From the start, the accelerator was

planned to produce accurately

defined beams of particles for use in

various fields of physics, chemistry

and biology.

It will also deliver high-energy beams

of neutrons and protons for cancer

therapy as well as intense particle

beams for producing radio isotopes

widely used in medicine and industry.

Bringing the accelerator up to full

power so soon after assembly was

completed is an outstanding

achievement, emphasizing the

accuracy and thoroughness

of theoretical and practical design done in

advance of the project,

as well as the meticulous

care and supervision

exercised in manufacturing and assembling the

machine. It is also a

tribute to the technological excellence displayed

by South African industries which manufactured

components to exacting

tolerances.

89
Protons were actually accelerated to one-third of design energy on July 25.

At the full energy levels, achieved in September, protons were accelerated

in one second to a speed equivalent to four orbits of the earth.

The facilities at the NAC will be available to users and patients from all

over the country.

Further developments

While the accelerator has passed its first tests with flying colours,

bringing the facility to fully operational status will need more time. A

necessary second accelerator is now being developed and has still to be

constructed and coupled to the separated sector cyclotron.

The facility for radio isotope production must be completed before the complex comes on stream and much of the research equipment has yet to be built

and installed.

While neutron therapy for cancer patients can, it is hoped, begin in 1987,

equipment for proton therapy has not yet been installed.

The first steps towards acquiring an accelerator for research purposes in

South Africa were taken in 1966 but the\major decision to proceed came in

April 1977 when the Cabinet asked the CSI^ to plan, build and ultimately

operate the facility.

Facilities

The accelerator complex at present consists of \two cyclotrons. The first

(also designed, developed and built locally) is relatively small and its

function is that of a pre-accelerator for the second\- the big separated

sector cyclotron. Both make use of strong electrical^fields to accelerate

electrically-charged particles and magnets to bed the flight path of the

particles so that they orbit the interior of the machine many times until

they reach maximum speed. \

The separated sector cyclotron is seven metres high and 13 metres in diameter

and its magnet consists of four sectors which weigh 1 400 tons in total.

Special needs

All components had to be designed and manufactured to exacting levels of

accuracy - in some cases to tolerances of less than one-tenth of a millimetre.

As a result stringent demands were placed on the NAC's own workshops and on

local metal working industries involved in the project.

The special buildings needed, the cooling system and other services provided

stiff challenges for consultants and contractors.

A large portion of the complex electronics equipment used for control purposes was designed, developed and built by NAC personnel who were also

responsible for writing computer programmes for the control system.

90
Cancer treatment

The Cape Provincial Administration will control the treatment of cancer

patients at the Centre. A 30-bed hospital has been built on the NAC site

for this purpose. The cancer therapy facility, much of which has been completed but some of which is still in the planning stage, will compare

favourably with the best of its kind in countries abroad where promising

results have been obtained in treating certain forms of cancer with high

energy protons and neutrons.

Medical research at the facility will be co-ordinated by the South African

Medical Research Council.

Existing facilities at the Centre, together with those being planned, will

enable local physical and. medical scientists to carry out first-rate work in

areas where accelerators of this kind are required.

[Figure, p 21]

V

The separated sector cyclotron of the National Accelerator Centre (NAC) will meet the diverse needs

of multi-disciplinary users in South Africa. Seen here is the huge magnet consisting of four sectors

which weigh 1 400 tons in total.

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SOUTH AFRICA

SOUTH AFRICA DEVELOPS OWN GAS TURBINE ROCKET ENGINES

Pretoria ARMED FORCES in English Feb 87 pp 4-5

[Excerpt] A very significant recent advance in

the hi-tech capability is the production of

locally developed gas turbine engines. It

is generally known that for a number of

years the Republic was> engaged, under

various agreements, in the building of

the Viper gas turbine used to power the

Impala aircraft which the Armscor subsidiary, Atlas Aircraft Corporation, supplied to the South African Air Force.

' However, the Viper programme was

the forerunner of another project,.the

design and construction of an 'Own' air-

, craft gas turbine. This type of Hi-Tech

' project can from conception until the

completion of the final update on ihe

' production line, extend for over 20 years

and in many instances with the Research

and Development phase some 20 years

in advance.

Using the experience gained during

the Viper phase. Armscor launched Project Apartment, the development of a gas

turbine and in view of local requirements

' and capability, the decision was made to

stay withiti realistic parameters and produce a single spool expendable turbo-jet

, engine that could be used to propel RPV

systems.

The project incorporated a number of

organisations with expertise being

drawn from a number of disciplines, and

the first prototype was successfully

tested at Atlas Aircraft Corporation

towards the end of 1983. An unusual

aspect of the construction programme

was the number of different manufacturers involved in Project Apartment and

that the first time that their individual

components were fully tested was when

they formed an integral part of the test

engine.

Essentially a short life engine with a

designed life-span of not more than 20

. hours, and an obvious choice of what

could be called the first development

project in this area of high technology,

Project Apartment was conceived and

' produced in the very short span of three

; years, with the details of the development being released some years later.

AS with the upgrading programme of

the Mirage 1,11, the Cheetah Programme,

as well as the still developing Alpha XH.1

combat helicopter project, South Africans

strategic requirements have necessitated design, development and production

programmes being pursued as a matter

of urgency, in view of the generally

adopted international attitude towards

the country,

, These programmes have resulted in

j the development of a very sophisticated

, South African infrastructure for Regearch and Development and at the same

'time provided career opportunities that

did not exist before for engineers and

[scientists. Over the years the various

! programmes have been a prime factor in

indicating to the university faculties the

direction to follow as they expand their

areas of interest, while the Technikons

with their rapidly developing programmes for technicians and diploma graduates, are also assisting in meeting the requirements for highly qualified personnel needed in this type of industry.

The limited available information on

the South African developments in the

defence field, usually released two, three

or more years after the systems enter

service, must be seen as the tip of the

iceberg of hi-tech expertise, production

capability and proven research and devel92
opment. It is only after confirmed information is obtained that the full scope of

the Defence Industry in South Africa can

be evaluated after a projection is made

based on history, current achievements

and known needs

/13046

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93
SOUTH AFRICA

NEW WIND TUNNEL TO ACCELERATE SA*S AERODYNAMICS RESEARCH

Pretoria SCIENTIAE in English Mar 86 pp 1-4

[Text] Since before the Wright brothers' flight at the beginning of the 20th

Century, wind tunnels have been used to provide information for aeronautical

development, testing the performance of aircraft and their components in a

controlled airstream under laboratory conditions. The procurement of a new

national facility, the Medium Speed Wind Tunnel (MSWT) has been authorized

for the CSIR, and its management has been allocated to the National Institute

for Aeronautics and Systems Technology (NIAST). This wind tunnel will expand

existing South African facilities and provide essential support to the

rapidly growing aeronautical industry in South Africa.

Aerodynamics research at the Council for

Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) is to be

expanded when a Medium Speed Wind Tunnel

(MSWT) is completed on its Pretoria site for

NIAST in the latter half of 1988.

It will be similar in design to wind tunnels of this

type which exist in all the world's major industrial

countries, and which are used for basic and applied

research by universities, industry and government

research organizations.

The new wind tunnel will supplement existing

facilities for aeronautics research, comprising a

2,1m x 1,5m low. speed wind tunnel and a small

(0,45m x 0,45m) trisonic blow-down wind tunnel.

It will extend the CSIR's wind tunnel research

capability in the important area of near sonic

speeds. It is in this region that the mixed

supersonic and subsonic air flow situation with

accompanying shock discontinuities complicates

the theoretical aerodynamics approach. For this

reason advanced experimental techniques are

needed to provide answers in this important and

challenging field of aerodynamics.

94
Much research is being done internationally in this

regime as it is at these speeds where, for example,

most jet airliners operate. The insistent demand

for aircraft with highly efficient flight

characteristics stems from escalating fuel prices

and requires meticulous research.

The Republic of South Africa at present ranks high

on the world list as far as the number of civil

aircraft registered is concerned, and a strong

aerodynamics research capability is needed to

support this industry. It is part of the CSIR's

mandate to provide South African industry with

basic and applied research for the promotion of

future industrial growth. Existing aerodynamics

test facilities are insuffTcient to adequately support

the aircraft design and development activities in

South Africa. The commissioning of the MSWT

will eliminate an important deficiency.

The engineering design of the MSWT was

completed by Sverdrup Technology, Inc. during

March 1986. This company was selected for the

task in competition with several United States

firms and a number of international companies

from other countries.

Sverdrup Technology, which has over 30 years of

experience in advanced and applied technology

including the design and operation of complex

aeronautical environmental test facilities, was

granted an export licence for the design by the

United States Department • of Commerce in

May, 1984 after review and approval by the US

Department of State. Formerly known as

Sverdrup/ARO, Inc., the company provides

engineering, scientific, and technical services to

government and industry both in the USA and

internationally.

Sverdrup's initial work consisted of a preliminary

design to establish specific concepts based on the

best features of wind tunnels of this kind, to

achieve improved testing capabilities. This was

followed by final design which provided for

complete manufacture of the facility and its

subsystems in South Africa. The effort was also

directed towards providing an exceptionally high

quality flow in the test section. Versatility and

future expansion capabilities also had priority in

the final design of the MSWT which embodies

features aimed at providing high productivity in

experimental work.

95
During November 1986, Projects Expedited (Pty)

Ltd, a South African services company which

specializes in project management, design and

development, as well as manufacture; and

construction and related quality control, took over

the project. In addition, various well-known local

companies have been subcontracted to deal with

specific aspects of the work, leading to about 60

per cent of the facility being produced in South

Africa. "

Services relating to the building, site and utilities

aspects of the project are being handled by the

CSlR's Estates Services Department for N1AST.

Technical details of the MSWT

The MSWT is a state-of-the-art facility with flow quality, data productivity

and overall test capability comparable to the best wind tunnels of its kind

in the world. It is a continuous flow, closed circuit wind tunnel operating

over a Mach range 0,3 to 1,4 optimized for high flow quality, high productivity

and especially tight control of environmental test conditions. The facility is

capable of achieving outstanding flow quality requirements at pressures ranging

from 0,2 to 2,5 atmospheres.

Primary subsystems of the MSWT include:

- Flexible Nozzle - Stainless steel flexible plates with multiple computercontrolled jacks on each wall designed to use viscous corrected nozzle

solutions coupled with full flexible plate equations which are capable^of

providing fine speed control in the test section. This part of the MSWT

presented significant design, control and manufacturing challenges.

- Slotted Wall Test Section - Stainless steel slotted walls with removable

panels for viewing, removable slot inserts, and sidewall which lifts up for

full access to the test model.

- Main Model Support - Rugged, highly damped, low deflection and accurate

positioning half-sector support with roll head.

- Plenum - The flexible nozzle, slotted wall test section and the main model

support are all housed in a large plenum chamber which is necessary for

achieving the tight flow quality requirements.

- Main Compressor/Motor Drive - Three stage, variable geometry compressor,

especially designed for high efficiency, minimum flow disturbance and low

acoustic noise. It has a synchronous electric motor drive system with a

variable frequency inverter for speed control. The design and manufacture of

this sophisticated compressor was performed entirely in South Africa and

presented one of the major South African industrial achievements as far as the

MSWT is concerned.

96
- Auxiliary Compressor System - Two centrifugal compressors (3000 kW)

providing plenum exhaust flow at up to 4 per cent of the main tunnel flow.

This plenum exhaust flow is returned to the main tunnel circuit downstream

of the main compressor. This system also provides tunnel circuit pressure

level control to 0,25 kPa, de-humidification, pump-up, and pump-down. These

standard industrial compressors made up one of the largest orders which had

to be procured abroad.

-Cooling Water System - The energy provided for circulating the air at a

rate of up to 1 ton/sec causes the temperature of the air to rise. To prevent

an over-heating problem this energy has to be removed from the air. An

evaporative tower and a twelve row finned tube cooler in a corner of the wind

tunnel circuit provide for this. "■■

- Tunnel Circuit - For thi,s complex pressure vessel containing a large

compressor, a finned tube cooler and a test section, special precautions

had to be taken in anchoring it to the foundations and allowing for thermal

and pressure stresses.

,,l

- Instrumentation and Control Systems - Among the features of the facility

are instrumentation and control systems, based on a distributed processing

network of three computers. Instrumentation includes over 200 general-purpose

pressure measurement channels, 64 high-speed analogue force measurement

channels, and 64 general-purpose force, temperature, position, and pressure

channels.

A particularly demanding task which was performed by Sverdrup was the system

engineering aspects associated with the various subsystems outlined above.

This involved over a dozen high-accuracy closed-loop control systems to

effect such diverse operations as main drive and compressor control to within

2 rpm, model positioning to within 0,1 degree, flexible nozzle positioning to

within 0,05 mm, and overall Mach number and pressure control. The network of

three minicomputers is linked with communications facilities and specialpurpose application software to provide system supervisory control, testing,

calibration, data reduction, and data analysis capabilities.

97
Plenum and test section details [Figure, p 3]

TOP VIEW FLEX NOZZLE

FLEXIBLE NOZZLE

SECTION

TEST SECTION

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98
CERAMIC DEVELOPMENTS AT SOUTH AFRICA'S NIMR

Pretoria SCIENTIAE in English Mar 86 p 15

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text] An alternative material with

outstanding wear characteristics has

been developed in the laboratories of

the'National Institute for Materials

Research (NIMR) of the CSIR. Known

as mullite-zirconium, the material

may meet the needs of the growing

market for wear-resistant ceramics.

At present alumina-based raw

materials for the manufacture of

alumina ceramics are imported from

the United Kingdom, Germany, the

USA and Japan. These ceramics are

used in the mining and chemical

industries as well as in the coal-fired

power stations in South Africa.

The mullite-zirconia ceramic material

under development at the NIMR has

an advantage in that a high

percentage of zirconium silicate is

used in its manufacture. Zirconium

silicate is produced on a large scale

at Richards Bay and is available at

low cost. Laboratory wear tests on

the mullite-zirconia ceramics indicate

that the wear performance is superior

to that of alumina ceramics for

several applications, and that the cost

should be similar to that of alumina

ceramics. The processing is at

present being optimized.

/13046

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