# California **- Baja California Border**  **Region Energy and Renewable**

**Alternatives** Alan Sweedler San Diego State University

GNEB Calexico, California June 17 2008

## Energy**Issues in the U.S. -**  **Mexico Border Region**  Energy in the Border Region must be viewed in global context . Cross - border energy transfers have significantly grown in recent years.  Main environmental issues are: air quality, watergy, habitat, indigenous lands.  Region is heavily dependant on oil and gas (North American and LNG) for its energy resources.  However, there is a very large **potential** for renewable energy development in the border region. **The Mexican**  **US border**  **is an**  **area of**  **rapid industrial**  **dev elopment**  **.** 

# Significant trade in electricity**and natural gas in the border region** 

**Increase in**  **Demand (%) 15%**  **334% 40%**  **86%**

**31%**  **Te xas**  **is the**  **main supplier**  **of Natural**  **Gas for**  **the border**  **region .**  **In Mexico**  **, natural**  **gas demand**  **has strongly**  **risen in**  **sev eral**  **states through**  **the last**  **decade .**  

### Natural Gas **US / Mexico border interregional**  **pow er** 

**Tr ansmission**  **capacity**

**(MW)**

**250 7,600**  **1,900 7,900** 

**400 235**  **400 240**  **Electricity**  **An nual**  **energy trade**  **exchange :**   **407 mcfpd**  **of Natural Gas**  **600 GWh**  **of electricity** 

## Numerous gas pipelines cross the border.

# But not enough transmission lines cross the border to meet demand

## CA- BC Border Region

# California **- Baja California Border** 

**Population, 1980** **– 2020** 

**0 1,**  **000, 000**  **2, 000,**  **000 3,**  **000, 000**  **4, 000,**  **000 5,**  **000, 000**  **6, 000,**  **000 7,**  **000, 000**  **8, 000,**  **000 9,**  **000, 000**  **10, 000,**  **000**

**1980 1990**  **2000 2010**  **2020**

Calif or ni a Bor der Ba ja C al if or ni a Bor der To tal Source: The U.S. -Mexican Border Environment: A Road Map to a Sustainable 2020 . San Diego State University Press. Paul Ganster, editor, 20002



# gy Ener In fra st ru ctu re in B aj a

Cal ifo rni a

**Ba ja**  **C alifo**  **rn ia**  **Ar iz**  **ona Sonor**  **a Bly**  **the** SoCal G as Co.
El P aso Gas Co . SDG&E Al l - Amer ic an Pi pel in e

CFE Rosari to 1030 MW 230 Mcfd Tijua na

15 Mcfd **Gasoducto Baj**  **anorte** 140 millas , 30 ” **North Baj**  **a**

**Pi peli**  **ne** 80 m iles, 36 ”/3 0” **TGN Ca**  **lifo rn**  **ia**

Yu ma
Ensen ada Te rm oel ectri ca de Me xic al i (Sem pra) 600 MW 105 Mcfd En egi a Azteca (InterG en ) 1065 MW 190 Mcfd

Costa Azul Term ina l de GNL DGN Mex ica li i 20 Mfcd

San L ui s R io

250 MW 40 Mcfd 

## Gas and power systems are integrated13 **Subsecretaría de Planeación Energética y Desarrollo Tecnológico** Naco - Nogales Hermosillo Ro sarito Rosarito

Pacific Ocean
Operational Under construction Under bidding Future bidding Gas pipeline Future gas pipeline FOC Date for commercial operation *New CC  PF = 95% E f = 52% CC Baja California II U1 250 MW 39.3 mmcfd FOC: 2T 2009 CC Baja California III 500 MW 78.5 mmcfd FOC: 2T 2011 CC Baja California II U2 250 MW 39.3 mmcfd FOC: 2T 2009

Conv. TG/CC Hermosillo 214 MW 33.6 mmcfd FOC: 2T 2005 CC Naco Nogales 258 MW 42.4 mmcfd

CT Pdte. Juárez 680 MW 42.4 mmcfd CC Rosarito III 541 MW 88.3 mmcfd UTG Rosarito 7 165 MW 42.4 mmcfd CC Hermosillo 250 MW 43.8 mmcfd CC Agua Prieta II 411 MW 64.5 mmcfd FOC: 2T 2008 Power generation for Baja California and Sonora

Gulf of Mexico

Source: CFE & SENER CC Mexicali II 222 MW 34.8 mmcfd FOC: 3T 2007 

## Power plants in Baja California and Sonora use mostly

natural gas, geothermal or oil.

## SEMPRA LNG Project north of Ensenada, Baja California: Just opened

# Pipeline Route Costa - Azul Bajanorte

**15 Altamira,**  a joint venture of Royal Dutch Shell (50 percent), Total (25 percent), and Mitsui (25 percent) received its first LNG cargo in August 2006. The plant, located in Tamaulipas state, has an initial capacity **of 500 MMcf/d**  , with plans to increase the project to a peak capacity of 1.3 Bcf/d. CFE has signed a 15 -year contract to purchase the entire output of the terminal for 15 years. Shell plans to supply the Altamira terminal with LNG from Nigeria 

## Sources of LNG for Baja California and We stern U.S.

## Available at: **www .r** **enewablesg.org**

Key collaborators: David Rohy(SDSU) Sean Tanaka (SDSU) Al Sweedler (SDSU) Bob Resley (SDGE) Tom Bialek (SDGE) Scott Anders (CCSE/USD) Margarito Quintero (UABC) Rick van Schoik (SCERP)

### Ther**e is a very large**  **re newable energy**  **potential for**  **the border**

**re gion** 

## Very Large Central Solar Power Potential for Southwest

Source: NREL

## Location of **Wi nd Energy Resour** **ces in the Region**

Source: SDSU Center for Energy Studies

# Summary for Renewable Energy Potential in

the CA- BC Border Region
• **There is a very large potential**  **for renewable energy** **d evelopment in the CA**  **- BC**  **border region.**

• **This resource consists of:**

– **central solar**  **pow er**  **and geothermal pow**  **er in the**  **Imperial Valley** 

**and Mexicali region;** 

– **roof -** **top PV on commercial**  **and residential buildings and**  **CSP in SD County ;** 

– **wi nd**  **in SD and Imperial Counties**  **and Baja California;**



## • **Whether or not this potential is ever developed depends on**  **costs as w** **ell as**  **federal, state and local energy policies.** 

# Conclusions

• Reliable, reasonably priced and secure energy supplies are critical to the border region. • But energy sector, as currently constituted, is the main source of environmental degradation, especially air pollution. • A very large potential exists for the development of renewable energy.

# To Develop Renewable Energy Resources in Border Region
• **Coordination** between US and Mexico on energy development in the border region is needed. • Clear **rules of the road** for energy projects in the border region must be developed. • US and California **renewable energy credits** should cover projects located in Mexico. • Cross - border transmission capacity needs to be increased.