# Patent

## Title
Techniques for attaching a heatsink to a circuit board using anchors which install from an underside of the circuit board

## Abstract

An improved heatsink attachment assembly includes a first anchor configured to secure to a first location of the circuit board, and a second anchor configured to secure to a second location of the circuit board. Each anchor includes legs having looped end portions configured to contact the circuit board. The heatsink attachment assembly further includes a heatsink clip configured to concurrently (i) fasten to the anchors when the anchors secure to the circuit board, and (ii) hold a heatsink to against a circuit board component of the circuit board. The looped end portions of the legs prevent the legs from completely passing through holes defined in the circuit board. In some situations, the looped end portions define extended coils (e.g., double loops) for a robust interference fit with the circuit board as well as for enhanced strength and stability.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This patent application is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/001,411 filed on Dec. 1, 2004, entitled, “TECHNIQUES FOR ATTACHING A HEATSINK TO A CIRCUIT BOARD USING ANCHORS WHICH INSTALL FROM AN UNDERSIDE OF THE CIRCUIT BOARD”, the contents and teachings of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.


BACKGROUND
There are a variety of conventional approaches to securing a heatsink to a circuit board. One conventional approach involves soldering U-shaped fasteners which are supported by a plastic block to a topside of a circuit board, and then engaging ends of a spring with the soldered U-shaped fasteners. When the U-shaped fasteners and the spring are properly installed, the heatsink sits on top of an integrated circuit (IC) package mounted to the topside of the circuit board, and the middle of the spring extends across a top of the heatsink to push the heatsink in the direction of the IC package and the circuit board. As a result, the spring, in combination with the soldered U-shaped fasteners, tightly hold the heatsink to the circuit board.
It should be understood that it is very common to mount circuit board components (e.g., Area Array Packages, gull-wing devices, discrete components, etc.) using Surface Mount Technology (SMT), and that the circuitry within some of these SMT components (e.g., high speed processors, Application Specific Integrated Circuits, Field Programmable Gate Arrays, etc.) require the use of heatsinks to maintain safe operating temperatures. The SMT mounting process typically involves printing solder paste over surface mount pads of the circuit board, picking and placing the components over the printed solder paste using automated equipment, and passing the circuit board through an oven to solder the components in place.
In contrast to the above-described SMT mounting process, soldering the earlier-mentioned U-shaped fasteners to a circuit board typically involves inserting end posts of the U-shaped fasteners into plated-through holes from the topside of the circuit board (i.e., from the same the same side of the circuit board onto which the component is mounted and over which the heatsink will attach), and applying solder into the plated-through holes (e.g., manually by a technician) to form solder-in-hole-type solder joints between the U-shaped fasteners and the plated-through holes of the circuit board. Accordingly, soldering of the U-shaped fasteners typically occurs after completing the SMT mounting process.
SUMMARY
Unfortunately, there are deficiencies to the above-described conventional approach to securing a heatsink to a circuit board using soldered U-shaped fasteners. For example, such circuit boards run the risk of the heatsinks detaching from the circuit boards if there are failures in the solder-in-hole-type solder joints between the U-shaped fasteners and the plated-through holes of the circuit board (e.g., during shock-and-vibration testing, during shipping, over time in the field, etc.). Furthermore, soldering the U-shaped fasteners into the plated-through holes of the circuit board typically requires an extra soldering step if the circuit board requires mounting SMT components using an SMT mounting process.
In contrast to the above-described conventional approach to securing a heatsink to a circuit board using soldered U-shaped fasteners, an improved heatsink attachment assembly utilizes an anchor which installs onto a circuit board from a side of the circuit board facing away from the heatsink, i.e., from the underside of the circuit board. The anchor is capable of forming a mechanical interference fit with the circuit board to provide a more reliable attachment point for a heatsink clip (or spring). That is, the anchor does not rely on solder-in-hole-type solder joints as do the above-described conventional U-shaped fasteners that require an extra soldering process, but that can nevertheless falter if the solder joints fail. Moreover, the anchor is easily removable if rework of the circuit board is required. Accordingly, the improved heatsink attachment assembly provides a simple, clean and dependable technique for attaching a heatsink to a circuit board.
In one arrangement, the heatsink attachment assembly includes a first anchor configured to secure to a first location of the circuit board, and a second anchor configured to secure to a second location of the circuit board. Each anchor includes a set of legs. Each leg has a looped end portion configured to contact the circuit board. The heatsink attachment assembly further includes a heatsink clip configured to concurrently (i) fasten to the first and second anchors when the first and second anchors secure to the first and second locations of the circuit board, and (ii) hold a heatsink to against a circuit board component of the circuit board. The looped end portions of the legs prevent the legs from completely passing through holes defined in the circuit board. In some situations, the looped end portions define extended coils (e.g., double loops) for a robust interference fit with the circuit board as well as for enhanced strength and stability.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a circuit board module having a heatsink attachment assembly.
FIG. 2 is a side view of an anchor of the heatsink attachment assembly of the circuit board module of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a top view of a component mounting location of a circuit board of the circuit board module of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional side view of the circuit board when an anchor is installed to provide an interference fit.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an anchor having double looped legs which is an alternative to that shown in FIG. 2.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
An improved heatsink attachment assembly utilizes an anchor which installs onto a circuit board from a side of the circuit board facing away from the heatsink, i.e., from the underside of the circuit board. The anchor is capable of forming an interference fit with the circuit board to provide a reliable attachment point for a heatsink clip (or spring). That is, the anchor does not rely on solder joints as do conventional U-shaped fasteners that require an extra soldering process, but that can nevertheless falter if the solder joints fail. Moreover, the anchor is easily removable if rework of the circuit board is required. Accordingly, the improved heatsink attachment assembly provides a simple, clean and dependable technique for attaching a heatsink to a circuit board.
FIG. 1 shows a circuit board module 20 which includes a circuit board 22, a set of circuit board components 24, a heatsink 26 and an attachment assembly 28 (shown generally by the arrow 28). The circuit board 22 has a topside 30(T) and an underside 30(U) (collectively, sides 30) both of which are suitable for having circuit board components 24 mounted thereon, as well as a set of holes 32 which enable the attachment assembly 28 to attach the heatsink 26 (i) to the circuit board 22 and (ii) over a circuit board component 24 (e.g., an AAP packaged device).
The attachment assembly 28 includes anchors 34 and a heatsink clip (or spring) 36. To install the attachment assembly 28, a user inserts the anchors 34 into respective holes 32 in an upward direction 38, i.e., from the underside 30(U) of the circuit board 22 toward the topside 30(T) of the circuit board 22 (see the arrow 38 in FIG. 1). The user then places the heatsink 26 over the component 24 to be cooled, e.g., with thermal transfer material such as phase change material disposed between a top 40 of the component 24 and a base 42 of the heatsink 26. Finally, the user positions the heatsink clip 36 in place so that each end 44 of the heatsink clip 36 fastens to a respective anchor 34, and a middle section 46 of the heatsink clip 36 provides force 48 on the heatsink 26 in a downward direction (see the arrow 48 in FIG. 1) which is substantially opposite the upward direction 38.
It should be understood that the terms underside 30(U) and topside 30(T) are merely used to distinguish the side of the circuit board 22 having the component 24 to be cooled by the heatsink 26 (i.e., the topside 30(T)) from the side of the circuit board 22 that does not have the component 24 to be cooled by the heatsink 26 (i.e., the underside 30(U)). Similarly, the terms upward and downward are used to distinguish a direction of movement from the underside 30(U) to the topside 30(T) (i.e., upward), and a direction of movement from the topside 30(T) to the underside 30(U) (i.e., downward) which is substantially opposite the upward direction. These terms (e.g., topside 30(T), underside 30(U), upward, downward, etc.) are not necessarily intended to describe up or down relative to gravity.
At this point, the heatsink 26 is properly installed onto the component 24 and a heat dissipating portion 50 (e.g., fins) of the heatsink 26 function to dissipate heat from the component 24 into the surrounding environment (e.g., an air stream generated by a fan assembly). There are no solder joints needed to secure the anchors 34 to the circuit board 22. Rather, each anchor 34 enjoys a reliable interference fit with the circuit board 22. Further details of the attachment assembly 28 will now be provided with reference to FIG. 2.
FIG. 2 shows a detailed side view 60 of an anchor 34. The anchor 34 includes a head portion 62 and a pair of legs 64 connected to the head portion 62. Each leg 64 defines a projection 66 which forms an end 68 of that leg 64.
As will be explained in further detail shortly, when the anchor 34 is properly installed onto the circuit board 22 (FIG. 1), the head portion 62 extends from the topside 30(T), and the pair of legs 64 extend through a hole 32 of the circuit board 22 so that the projections 66 extend from the underside 30(U) for a robust mechanical interference fit. The projections 66 are shaped both (i) to provide relatively large surfaces which make it easy for a user to squeeze the legs 64 together to overcome a repelling spring force in the anchor 34 during installation of the anchor 34 onto the circuit board 22, and (ii) to impede passage of the anchor 34 completely through the circuit board 22 from the underside 30(U) out through the topside 30(T) (e.g., to withstand 30 lbs. of pulling force from the heat sink clip 36).
In some arrangements, the anchor 34 is a unitary body and formed from a section of wire which is shaped into the head portion 62 and the pair of legs 64 by bending the section of wire. In one arrangement, the head portion 62 defines a 60 degree angle at its apex, and the legs defining a 15 degree angle from the head portion 62. The ends 68 are bent into ioops (or rings) to provide the projections 66. In this arrangement, attributes such as strength and resiliency of the anchor 34 are primarily controlled by the characteristics of the wire itself, e.g., its gauge/thickness, material composition, stiffness, etc. Furthermore, since the head portion 62 and the legs 64 are integral and derived from bending a continuous piece of wire, the anchor 34 is simple and inexpensive to manufacture in high volume as a single-piece retention mechanism. Moreover, it should be understood that there are various other curved features (i.e., bend radii, other angles and other shapes, etc.) which are suitable for use by the anchor 34 as well.
As shown in FIG. 2, the head portion 62 defines an opening 70 having a peak 72. During installation of the heatsink clip 36 (FIG. 1) onto the anchor 34, an end 44 of the heatsink clip 36 passes through the opening 70 and fastens to the head portion 62. Spring tension from the heatsink clip 36 (i.e., the end 44 of the heatsink clip 36 tries to move in the upward direction 48 and escape from the anchor 34) results in movement of the end 44 toward the peak 72 thus enabling the head portion 62 to capture and align the end 44 of the heatsink clip 36 in a well-controlled, self-centering manner. Further details will now be provided with reference to FIG. 3.
FIG. 3 is a top view 80 of the circuit board 22. As shown, the circuit board 22 includes a rectangular footprint 82 (e.g., an array of SMT pads) onto which mounts the component 24 to be cooled (also see FIG. 1). As further shown in FIG. 3, the circuit board 22 defines two elongated slots 84(1), 84(2) (collectively, elongated slots 84) as the holes 32. Each elongated slot 84 (e.g., an oval hole through the circuit board 22 having dimensions of 0.180×0.030 inches) has an elongated axis 86 which is coplanar with the circuit board 22 (i.e., within the X-Y plane). The elongated axes 86 are substantially parallel to each other and to sides of the rectangular footprint 82 (e.g., along the X-axis). Accordingly, a circuit board designer is capable of conveniently laying traces in a parallel manner adjacent the elongated slots 84, e.g., any adjacent traces which lead to the footprint 82 are capable of running in a well-organized parallel manner to the slots 84 to provide minimal intrusion on routing.
As further shown in FIG. 3, the elongated slots 84 are disposed adjacent opposite corners 88(1). 88(2) (collectively, corners 88) of the rectangular footprint 82. That is, the elongated slots 84 reside along a diagonal 90 of the rectangular footprint 82 thus enabling the heatsink clip 36 (i) to fasten across the entire to component 24 to be cooled and (ii) to comprehensively apply force 48 across the central region of the component 24 (FIG. 1). Further details will now be provided with reference to FIG. 4.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional side view 100 of a portion of the circuit board 22 when an anchor 34 is installed within an elongated slot 84 to obtain an interference fit (also see the holes 32 in FIG. 1). As shown in FIG. 4, the head portion 62 of the anchor 34 has a head length 102 which is slightly longer than a slot length 104 of the elongated slot 84 (e.g., 0.180 inches) along the elongated axis 86 (e.g., the X-axis) of the slot 84 to provide interference at the topside 30(T) of the circuit board 22. Additionally, the pair of legs 64 flare outwardly from the head portion 62 against the circuit board 22. That is, the legs 64 taper from a topside space 106 which is narrower that the slot length 104 to an underside space 108 which is longer than the slot length 104 to provide interference at the underside 30(U) of the circuit board 22. Accordingly, the anchor 34 is well-fastened to the circuit board 22, and no soldering process is required.
To install the anchor 34 onto the circuit board 22 as shown in FIG. 4, a user compresses the ends 68 of the legs 64 together. Such compression results in temporarily shortening of the head length 102 of the head portion 62 thus enabling the head portion 62 to more easily enter the elongated slot 84. The user then inserts the anchor 34 into the elongated slot 84 in the positive Z-direction and continues to move the anchor 34 through the elongated slot 84 until the head portion 62 passes completely through and extends from the topside 30(T) circuit board 22. The user releases the legs 64 allowing (i) the legs 64 to expand and exert themselves against the circuit board 22 and (ii) the ends 68 to butt against the underside 30(U) of the circuit board 22. Since the user has released the ends 68, the head length 102 increases beyond the slot length 104 thus preventing the anchor 34 from escaping in the negative Z-direction. Furthermore, the ends 68 block the anchor 34 from passing fully through the elongated slot 84 in the positive Z-direction thus reliably retaining the anchor 34 within the elongated slot 84 in a mechanical manner.
Preferably, the anchor 34 remains slightly compressed within the elongated slot 84 so that slight tension remains due to spring force exerted by the anchor 34 outwardly toward the side walls of the elongated slot 84. Interference from the various surfaces of the anchor 34 in combination with friction between the tapering legs 64 and the circuit board 22 holds the anchor 34 in place and prevents the anchor 34 from sliding. As a result, the anchor 34 remains tightly held within the elongated slot 84 of the circuit board 22 to allow the heatsink clip 36 (FIG. 1) to subsequently attach to the protruding head portion 62. Further details will now be provided with reference to FIG. 5.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an anchor 34′ having double looped legs 64′. The anchor 34′ is (i) an alternative to the anchor 34 shown in FIG. 2, and (ii) well-suited for attaching the heatsink 26 to the circuit board 22 of the circuit board module 20 (also see FIG. 1). Moreover, many of the attributes of the anchor 34 are also found in the anchor 34′ (e.g., head portion features, slot features, etc.).
As shown in FIG. 5, the anchor 34′ includes a head portion 62 and a set of legs 64′. Each leg 64′ has a looped end portion 68′ configured to contact the circuit board 22, and a mid-portion 200 which interconnects the looped end portion 68′ of that leg 64′ with the head portion 62.
Preferably, each looped end portion 68′ extends more than 360 degrees around a central area 202 defined by that looped end portion 68′ such as one-and-a-half times (i.e., in a range substantially between 450 degrees and 540 degrees around the central area 200), in a double loop around the central area 202, etc. In such configurations, the head portion 62 and leg mid-portions 200 define a plane (e.g., the X-Z plane in FIG. 5), and the looped end portions 68′ define coils 204 having central axes 206 which extend in a substantially perpendicular direction (e.g., the Y-direction) to the plane. In some arrangements, the coils are outwardly spiraling from the legs 68′ (i.e., in directions away from each other along the X-axis), and in opposite directions along the direction of the central axes 206 (i.e., in directions away from each other along the Z-axis) as shown in FIG. 5.
It should be understood that, when the anchors 34′ secure to locations of the circuit board 22 (e.g., when the anchors 34′ insert into the holes 32, also see FIG. 1), the coils 204 provide robust interference against the underside 30(U) of the circuit board 22. Accordingly, the anchors 34′ enjoy enhanced strength and stability when holding the heatsink clip 36 (i) over both the heatsink 26 and the circuit board component 40 and (ii) to the circuit board 22. In connection with an improvement in pull-out strength of the anchors 34′ due to multiple loops around the central area 200, the pull-out strength of each leg 68′ is capable of being further enhanced by, among other things, the use of stronger steel and thicker wire.
As described above, an improved heatsink attachment assembly 28 utilizes an anchor which installs onto a circuit board 22 from a side 30(U) of the circuit board 22 facing away from the heatsink 26, i.e., from the underside 30(U) of the circuit board 22. The anchor 34, 34′ is capable of forming a mechanical interference fit with the circuit board 22 to provide a reliable attachment point for a heatsink clip (or spring) 36. That is, the anchor 34, 34′ does not rely on solder joints as do conventional U-shaped fasteners that require an extra soldering process, but that can nevertheless falter if the solder joints fail, i.e., the anchor 34, 34′ is not susceptible to solder joint deficiencies (e.g., cold solder joint failures, fatigue due to elevated temperatures and expansion forces, etc.). Moreover, the anchor 34, 34′ is easily installable without an extra soldering process, and is easily removable if rework of the circuit board 22 is required. Accordingly, the improved heatsink attachment assembly 28 provides a simple, clean and dependable technique for attaching a heatsink 26 to a circuit board 22.
While this invention has been particularly shown and described with references to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
For example, it should be understood that the circuit board 22 is capable of providing grounding pads adjacent the elongated slots 84 to enable the looped ends 68, 68′ of the anchors 34, 34′ to connect to ground. Such capability enables grounding of the anchors 34, 34′, the heatsink clip 36 and the heatsink 26 for safety purposes.
Additionally, it should be understood that it is not necessary that the head portions 62 of the anchors 34, 34′ provide a head length 102 which is longer than a slot length 104 of the elongated slots 84. Rather, in some arrangements, the head length 102 is not longer thus making it easier for a user to remove the anchors 34, 34′ from the elongated slots 84 if desired (e.g., during rework). For such arrangements, the anchors 34, 34′ are still well-suited to preventing a failure (i.e., heatsink detachment from the circuit board 22) since the ends 68, 68′ of the anchors 34, 34′ prevent the anchors 34, 34′ from pulling out of the circuit board 22.
Furthermore, it should be understood that the anchors 34, 34′ were described above as providing an interference fit by way of example only. In other arrangements, the anchors 34, 34′ are configured to retain within the circuit board 22 in a different manner (e.g., lock, engage or fit into place with the circuit board 22 in a different non-soldering manner).
Additionally, it should be understood that the anchors 34, 34′ were described above as being formed from a section of wire by way of example only. There are other methods for making the anchors 34, 34′ which are suitable for use as well such as stamping and/or bending sheet metal, molding the anchors 34, 34′ etc.

## Claims

1. A circuit board module, comprising:
a circuit board;
a circuit board component mounted to the circuit board;
a heatsink; and
an attachment assembly for attaching the heatsink to the circuit board over the circuit board component, the assembly including:
a first anchor configured to secure to a first location of the circuit board,
a second anchor configured to secure to a second location of the circuit board, each of the first and second anchors including a set of legs, each leg having a looped end portion configured to contact the circuit board, and
a heatsink clip configured to concurrently (i) fasten to the first and second anchors when the first and second anchors secure to the first and second locations of the circuit board, and (ii) hold the heatsink to against the circuit board component of the circuit board;

wherein the looped end portion of each leg extends substantially 360 degrees or more around a central area defined by that looped end portion.

2. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the looped end portion of each leg extends more than 360 degrees around the central area defined by that looped end portion.

3. The circuit board module of claim 2 wherein the looped end portion of each leg extends at least 450 degrees around the central area defined by that looped end portion but less than 540 degrees around the central area defined by that looped end portion.

4. The circuit board module of claim 2 wherein the looped end portion of each leg substantially defines a double loop around the central area defined by that looped end portion.

5. The circuit board module of claim 1 wherein each leg further has a mid-portion adjacent the looped end portion; and wherein the looped end portion of each leg defines a coil having a central axis which runs in a substantially perpendicular direction to the mid-portion of that leg.

6. The circuit board module of claim 5 wherein each anchor further includes a head portion; wherein the head portion and the mid-portions of the legs for that anchor define a plane; and wherein the central axis of the coil defined by the looped end portion of each leg of that anchor extends in a substantially perpendicular direction to that plane.

7. The circuit board module of claim 6 wherein the head portion and the mid-portion of each leg of each anchor is configured to insert into a hole defined by the circuit board, the hole residing at one of the first and second locations of the circuit board; and
wherein the coil defined by the looped end portion of each leg of each anchor is configured to provide interference against the circuit board to (i) prevent each leg of that anchor from completely passing through the hole defined in the circuit board and (ii) provide strength and stability to that anchor when that anchor is inserted into a hole defined by the circuit board.

8. An assembly for attaching a heatsink to a circuit board, the assembly comprising:
a first anchor configured to secure to a first location of the circuit board;
a second anchor configured to secure to a second location of the circuit board, each of the first and second anchors including a set of legs, each leg having a looped end portion configured to contact the circuit board; and
a heatsink clip configured to concurrently (i) fasten to the first and second anchors when the first and second anchors secure to the first and second locations of the circuit board, and (ii) hold a heatsink to against a circuit board component of the circuit board;
wherein the looped end portion of each leg extends substantially 360 degrees or more around a central area defined by that looped end portion.

9. The assembly of claim 8 wherein the looped end portion of each leg extends more than 360 degrees around the central area defined by that looped end portion.

10. The assembly of claim 9 wherein the looped end portion of each leg extends at least 450 degrees around the central area defined by that looped end portion but less than 540 degrees around the central area defined by that looped end portion.

11. The assembly of claim 9 wherein the looped end portion of each leg substantially defines a double loop around the central area defined by that looped end portion.

12. The assembly of claim 8 wherein each leg further has a mid-portion adjacent the looped end portion; and wherein the looped end portion of each leg defines a coil having a central axis which runs in a substantially perpendicular direction to the mid-portion of that leg.

13. The assembly of claim 12 wherein each anchor further includes a head portion; wherein the head portion and the mid-portions of the legs for that anchor define a plane; and wherein the central axis of the coil defined by the looped end portion of each leg of that anchor extends in a substantially perpendicular direction to that plane.

14. The assembly of claim 13 wherein the head portion and the mid-portion of each leg of each anchor is configured to insert into a hole defined by the circuit board, the hole residing at one of the first and second locations of the circuit board; and wherein the coil defined by the looped end portion of each leg of each anchor is configured to provide interference against the circuit board to (i) prevent each leg of that anchor from completely passing through the hole defined in the circuit board and (ii) provide strength and stability to that anchor when that anchor is inserted into a hole defined by the circuit board.

15. An assembly for attaching a heatsink to a circuit board, the assembly comprising:
a first anchor configured to secure to a first location of the circuit board;
a second anchor configured to secure to a second location of the circuit board, each of the first and second anchors including a set of legs, each leg having a looped end portion configured to contact the circuit board; and
means for concurrently (i) fastening to the first and second anchors when the first and second anchors secure to the first and second locations of the circuit board, and (ii) holding a heatsink to against a circuit board component of the circuit board;
wherein the looped end portion of each leg extends substantially 360 degrees or more around a central area defined by that looped end portion.

16. An assembly for attaching a heatsink to a circuit board, the assembly comprising:
a first anchor configured to secure to a first location of the circuit board;
a second anchor configured to secure to a second location of the circuit board, each of the first and second anchors including a set of legs, each leg having a substantially looped end portion configured to contact the circuit board; and
a heatsink clip configured to concurrently (i) fasten to the first and second anchors when the first and second anchors secure to the first and second locations of the circuit board, and (ii) hold a heatsink to against a circuit board component of the circuit board;
the substantially looped end portion of each leg extending more than half way around a central area defined by that substantially looped end portion.