Borno, Munchi Aliyu Kurfi, the state
police commissioner, said 12 persons have
been killed by armed robbers within two
months in Maiduguri, and that 29 robbery
cases were reported. One of the victims
was Ibrahim Kashim, son of Kashim
Ibrahim, former governor of the defunct
northern region, who was killed in his
father’s farm house.

Other states do not fare better. In
Kwara, where Kunle Oladimeji, police
public relations officer told Newswatch
that the first haif of the year had been
calm in the state, armed robbery cases are
now reported everyday. Aminu Malum-
fashi, the state police commissioner, an-
nounced that 10 armed robbery suspects,
among them four women, have been ar-
rested. Recovered from them were a
Peugeot 505 saloon car, a sub-machine
gun, a pistol with 85 rounds of ammuni-
tion, knives and master keys.

A week after the special police opera-
tion started, Inyang had to reassure a
bewildered nation that his men were up to
the task. ‘‘No sacrifice will be considered
too great on the part of the police to en-
sure a relatively crime free society,” he
said.

Giving an account of the first week of
the special operation, Felix Musa, com-
missioner of police, force public relations
officer, said that 130 robbery suspects
have been rounded up by the special anti-
robbery squad in Lagos alone, while 70
stolen vehicles have been recovered and
assembled for identification. Police raided
the house of a suspect on Bamishile
Street, off Allen Avenue, Ikeja, and
recovered a 380-calibre pistol together
with 50 rounds of ammunition. Police are
also cleaning up their own house. In
Enugu, two officers who attempted to
Sell weapons to armed robbers for N3,500
were arrested.

State governors have also been giving
the police plenty of encouragement.
Michael Akhigbe, who moved into office
as Lagos State governor three weeks ago,
donated 12 motorcycles to aid police
operations. Governor John. Inienger of
Bendel State implored the public to pro-
vide information to the police on the ac-
tivities of armed robbers. The upswing in
support for the force has improved the
morale of individual policemen. They are
generally more thorough and alert on the
beat.

Marcus Ayeni, a corporal, told
Newswatch that although armed robbers
have made police a prime target, he is un-
daunted. He said that police now operate
in groups, they are sufficiently armed,
more effective but with inadequate com-
munication facilities. Another policeman

56

on duty at a check-point in Lagos said:
“The situation is grave; it is a matter of
life and death for us; but I don’t nurse any
fear at all about the exposure of my life to
tobbers.”” He said if he could kill a rob-
ber, ‘‘it means the inspector-general may
Promote me to the rank of an inspector.
But the government should make special
provisions for families of policemen who
may die at the battle front.’*

The fall-out of the police siege on armed
robbers sent thousands of Lagosians trek-
king to their offices last Tuesday morning
as many check points were mounted on
almost all major roads. There was a traf-
fic standstill everywhere and commuter
buses were off the roads.

Although police insist that no curfew
has been imposed, people have been forc-
ed to return home as early as 9.00 p.m.
Night crawlers are worse hit and club
houses are already feeling the pinch. Edet
Umondia, manager of Klass club at Ikeja
told Newswatch: “You can see for
yourself. The government has placed
those. of us who operate in the night ina
difficult position.”” At Dollaz club, five
kilometres away, all-night disco dancing,
the vogue before police decided to check
night movement, is no more. Patrick
Dackson, the club’s supervisor, said
about 75 percent of their guests no longer
turn up and beer sales have dropped by
half. Chicken George and McDonaids,
leading snacks shops, have sparse
customers as against the usual bustle of
the ‘‘pre-curfew’’ days.

The early night is, however, a bonus to
housewives. Ronke Osikoya welcomed the
government crackdown but she derided
the government for waiting until armed
robbers got completely out of hand before
policemen woke up. She has an ingenious
solution: everybody should be allowed to
carry a gun.

Can police sustain the tempo? Lekan
Alabi, an assistant commissioner of
police, said yes. Police received 100
walkie-talkies and 100 land rovers early in
the month but Alabi said that ar-
rangements are being made to further
equip the police. This will include the
recruitment of about 3,000 men this year.
Alabi also explained that the plan is to
reduce the ration of policemen in the
country to population. At present, he
said, there is one policeman to 1,000
Nigerians instead of the ideal ratio of 1 to
400 approved by the United Nations.

The dearth of policemen probably com-
pelled the force to grudgingly sanction
formation of vigilante groups to supple-
ment police efforts. In many cases, the
vigilante groups which are usually funded
by tenants in their neighbourhoods where



FISHING INDUSTRY TO BE TOLD OF CONTROLS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 Oct 86 p 9

[Article by Chris Cairncross]

[Text]

SA’S multi-million-rand fishing in-
dustry is to hear tomorrow what con-
trols government intends to exercise
over its activities and how quotas are
to be allocated for 1987 and future
years.

The report and recommendations
of the Diemont Commission — ap-
pointed to review the entire basis on
which fishing quotas are issued — are
to be released by Environmental Af-
fairs Minister John Wiley, say gov-
ernment sources.

The report, submitted to govern-
ment in June, will be accompanied by
the Cabinet’s response in the form of
a White Paper.

Fishing companies hope for good
news.

Expectations are that the method
of issuing quotas will in future be re-
structured to ensure enhanced indus-
try confidence and costly invest-
ments in ships and processing
facilities are offered greater levels of
security.

The industry has been campaigning
for such quota management assur-
ances for years.

The industry stresses they are a
prerequisite to encourage the contin-
ued significant long-term capital in-

vestments essential to ensuring an
efficient fishing sector.

Uncertainty

The release of the report comes
none too soon.

Fishing companies are approach-
ing the 1987 season facing consider-
able uncertainty, which is arousing
some concern over the near-term
prospects for the sector.

It is hoped the industry’s fortunes
are at last recovering — with the
country’s fish resources much im-

19274

CSO: 3400/328

proved, the catch per unit substan-
tially up on previous years, and fish-
ing companies reporting satisfactory
profit growth.

Major clouds on the horizon are the |

introduction of limited sanctions by
the European Community and the US.

The industry’s gross s at
wholesale level this year areestinat,
ed to be almost R470m.

Exports accounted for more than a
third of this total.

Fishing company executives are
now feverishly attempting to assess
which overseas markets have defi-
nitely been closed to SA’s fish pro-
ducts, what alternative markets can
be found, and what the ultimate im-
pact could be on export earnings.

The rock lobster fishery is one fac-
et of the industry expected to feel the
impact of the US sanctions package
most severely.

The wholesale value of the 1986
catch amounted to about R70m, of
which exports contributed between
85% and 90%.

The US market takes the bulk of
these lobster exports, exclusively in
the form of frozen tails.

Japan is the next biggest. market,
showing greater preference for whole
cooked fish and live ones,

An industry executive, recently
back from a visit to the US, said: “The
US is now definitely closed to us.”

Japan is still open but it could fol-
low the US's example. °

Industry representatives are tak-
ing no chances, and many are now
overseas looking for new markets.

The rock lobster fishery doesn’t
have much time to find a way around

120

SOUTH AFRICA

the trade blockade.

The 1986/7 fishing season opens
next month, with the industry granted
a total quota of 3 950 tons, up 145 tons
on the previous season as a result of
an improvement in West Coast re-
sources, .

The allocation of quotas for Nami-
bian waters is also causing concern.

Fishing rights: for SA-owned com-
panies expired last year after 25
years, and were renewed temporarily
for 1986.

This year the fishing rights have
been the subject of heated dispute,’
with the Namibian fishing industry
demanding a drastic re-distribution
of concessions, giving local com-'
panies 80% of all quotas and SA com-
panies a mere 20%. “of

’ No indication

The territory's transitional admini-
stration has given no indication as to
which way its decisions will go, with
those SA companies traditionally
fishing those waters complaining
they are being kept in the dark inten-
tionally.

The only communication they have
had is a warning that Monday is the
absolute deadline for submitting an
aplication for a quota.

No information has been provided
as to what concessions are available,
or for how long they will be granted.

One industry executive said: “It is
leaving matters to very late in the
day.

It is also giving cause for serious
concern, for large investments in ship
and shore facilities have been placed
on the line.



captured in Cuito and I have challenged Eduardo dos Santos to present these
four South Africans. He has not presented one. He had already been stupid
once before. It isa shame, because he is my countryman. He said that ‘Im
pala planes were bombing Cangamba. He said this in Brazzaville. Well, the
Impala can't go as far’as Cangamba. The conclusion of the experts: either
UNITA finally has an area so well*controlled that it can even have an asphalted
airfield--because the Impala is a jet plane--where the fighters can land and
refuel to attack. Cangamba, or Eduardo dos Santos does not know what he is
talking about. Sure, he changed his story the next day: "No, you didn't un-
derstand me." They were confusing the Impala with the Mirage. They are com-
pletely different planes. The same thing happened with the phony South Af-
rican prisoners of Cuito-Cuanavale. He never showed them to the public. The
people don't believe him. Don't you think this is sad?

Question: It is, at least, confusing. How is it that Fidel Castro can say in
Harare that he has 20,000 Cuban soldiers in Angola and the president of UNITA
maintains that there are 45,000? Whom do we believe?

Answer: There are 45,000. The MPLA's situation is critical. They may be ar-
ranging for the withdrawal of 20,000 Cubans, but if they take out 20,000, there
will still be 25,000. Well, 25,000 makes.a very big difference. When the
Cubans came into Angola, they brought 12,000 men and it. made a great difference
in the balance of power. I think that Fidel Castro is under pressure, be-
cause of the economic situation in his country, and it is possible that the
MPLA is preparing a kind of maneuver so they can say "we have 20,000 and, if
these 20,000 are withdrawn, there won't be any left." But Fidel Castro and
Eduardo dos Santos are not dealing with individuals who are asleep on the job.
We have ways of knowing exactly how many Cubans are here: there are 45,000.

Question: How can you give such a precise figure, with so much assurance? Es-
pionage?

Answer: Perhaps not espionage. Let us say, cooperation with other countrymen
who are opposed to the Cuban presence. Because the Cubans are killing Ango-
lans, too. . Sometimes there is gunfire between the FAPLA and the Cubans. So
it is not very difficult for us to know how many Cubans are in Angola.

Question: As parties to the Angolan conflict, do you. accept the mediation, or
even the participation, of the South Africans, Cubans and Soviets in the pro-
cess of negotiating peace between the MPLA and UNITA?

Answer: Well, I don't think we would like that. We in UNITA would like the
MPLA to leave its friends out of it. And we should do the same--and talk to-

gether as Angolans. If each side came with its "mentors," UNITA would not
like it.

Question: In any event, they are active parties to the conflict.

Answer: Yes, but they are parties which should recognize that we are mature;
it is up to the Angolans to talk over the conflict. The South African cannot

22



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are transcribed or reprinted, with the originai phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the

last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, ‘the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques~-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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This seems to suggest that the company has staying power '
and with the imminent launch of a new model, the Monza, it should -
be able to weather the current storm on purely economic grounds.

Although Port Elizabeth would bear the brunt of a GMSA shut-
down, a ripple effect would be felt throughout South Africa. The
company has a 200-strong dealer network and the shock to these
would be considerable.

First-hand knowledge

In the past few days GM’s largest dealer has advertised on televi-
sion and in newspapers, refuting rumours of a pull-out, claiming
GM is contracted to supply vehicles for another five years and
offering to buy back GM cars should the company withdraw.

Those in the motor trade with first-hand knowledge of the way
motor giants think, say current rumours amount to nothing but
sensationalism. When GM chairman Roger Smith said in Detroit a
few days ago that his company was “reassessing” its future in
South Africa, this apparently did not mean a pull-out was on the
cards, but was simply ongoing company policy.

However, there is more to what Mr Smith is saying than simple.
routine reassessment. He has long been in the forefront of cham-
pioning the fight against disinvesment..He has made sure his com: ,
pany has done everything possible to promote change. He has
bowed to pressure and seen GMSA having to stop selling vehicles.
to the SAP and SADF, which must have taken a sizeable chunk out

of the company’s turnover.

But what he hasn't seen is’

any significant _ political
change.

In the 1986 General Motors
Public Interest Report pub-
lished in the US earlier this
year, he claimed that not being
able to supply the SAP and
SADF was increasing pressure
on an already-struggling South
African subsidiary.

“Any further deterioration
from currently depressed sales
levels may make it impossible
for GM to continue its opera-
tions in South Africa.”

In any language, that is plain
talking, and of course, the man-
in-the-street doesn’t understand
the meaning of reassessments.
He tends to smell smoke, imag-
ine fire and buy elsewhere.

‘At a loss’

The motor industry and GM
itself have shown frustration
and even anger at reports of a
possible GM withdrawal. They
suggest “sensation-seeking” by

19274
CSO: 3400/329

116

the media.

In May this year GMSA
managing director Bob White
said he was at a “loss as to
what he could say or do to
convince the Press and the
public that GM intends to re-
main in South Africa.”

Perhaps he should tactfully
suggest that his chairman in
Detroit stops making what
have become fairly routine
statements about being “dis-
couraged” at the South African
political and economic situa-
tion and saying quite openly
that if things get worse for
GMSA it simply won't con-
tinue.

More than 3500 employees
would join the unemployed in
Port Elizabeth.

The dealer network would be
rocked quite considerably al-
though this blow would be cu-
shioned by the fact that some-
one would still have to provide
maintenance and services for
the many thousands of GM
products on the road.



19274
CSO:

3400/339

tional markets. According to him, the
United States, Japan and Western Europe
are the major markets for natural gas. He
says the US is not likely to import a
significant quantity of natural gas in the
next 15 years.

Japan has already arranged to meet vir-
tually all its gas requirements from other
oil-producing countries, notably, the
Arab nations. Western Europe imports 20
percent of its gas but competition from
established suppliers such as the Soviet
Union and Algeria will make it difficult
for Nigeria to secure a foothold.

Robert White, managing director,
Mobil Producing Nigeria Limited, said
the country’s natural.gas has no economic
value because there is now no market for
it. Experts say that Nigeria is a latecomer
to the world market of natural gas and
lacks the experience. of hard bargaining
that the market necessarily requires.
Markets in North America and Western
Europe are saturated with supplies from
Abu Dhabi, Brunei, Algeria, Alaska,
Mexico, Soviet Union and the
Netherlands. Algeria has six LNG plants.
Ivory Coast and Cameroun are also now
in the market with their own natural gas.

Bleak as it is, the future holds out some
hope for Nigeria’s natural gas. David-
West said at a public lecture in August last
year that ‘“‘we shall be able to exploit our
gas resources for industrial, domestic and
power generation.” The present system
whereby 75-80% of the national energy
use is from oil, he said, definitely cannot
continue. Domestic consumption will thus
rise. There will be more gas turbine elec-
tricity generating plants. The recently
commissioned gigantic thermal plant at
Igbin, Lagos State is a good example. The
nitrogenous fertilizer plant at Onne,
Rivers State, the petrochemical projects
under construction, iron and steel mills,
some glass factories and breweries will use
natural gas.

Lukman is equally optimistic, He said
at a lecture on ‘‘Liquefied Natural Gas
and Nigeria’s Petroleum Policy” in June
that Western Europe has the best market
prospects for Nigeria’s gas. He admitted
that Western Europe currently oversup-
plied would remain so up to mid 1990s.
But he said published data and direct con-
tacts with buyers indicate potential scope
in most countries of additional supply
from new sources and Nigeria offers
European buyers an opportunity to diver-
sify their sources of supply.

65



[During the harveat |
season, transport to the
depots becomes a serious |

: ‘problems in certain areas
of the province and this
hag to be improved if we
are to become a success- .
ul agriculture province.
_ In other remote areas, as
well, we need to provide {
livestock to help diversify
our farming operations.”

Turning. to education,
Cie Kaparadza said that
the various responsible
authorities were working
for the province's teach-
ing staff. “We hope to
build about 2233 teach-
ers’ houses in the next
five. years, at a cost of
more than $18 million.”

‘Classrooms also had to
be built to meet the ever-
rising enrolment numbers
and the province ex-

ected to build about

345 additional class-
rooms in an effort to
reduce hot-seating.

“The additional class-
rooms should cost us
about $80 million and, at
the same time, we require
More secondary schools
to meet the current de-
mand for these schools
and reduce the distance
between the . secondary
schools. In other words,
bring them closer to the
people and for that, we
fave planned 50 more
secondary schools. Due to
the increase in the num-
ber of secondary schools,
we need-to have more
secondary schools offer-
ing sixth form places and
for that we have
requested seven more
sixth form secondary
schools within .the next
five years to add to the
present three.”

de Kaparadza noted
that the number of un-
trained teachers
remained very high in the
province and called for
the establishment cf dual
teacher training colleges
in the province in order
to alleviate the current
shortage of trained
teachers.

On health, Cde
Kaparadza said that they

/13046
Cs0: 3400/350

needed more village ard
farm health workers on
order to combat and
prevent disease in the
province. “Although we
have a general shortage
of medical personnel it is
the mid-wives that we
are desperately in neea
of.”

The province expects to
have successfully ir-
stalled electricity“ at
Dotito and Muzarabant
Rural Service Centres,
and  Mushumbi Pools
Growth Point in the next
five years.

“Electrification will
continue in the other
rural service centres ard
later to the villages as vil-
lagisation becomes a real-
Ity.”*

Construction of large
and small-scaie dams was
also a priority of the pro
vince’s development plans
as, for instance, villagisa-
tion would bring about
the need for piped water.
Large scale dams would
also be used for irrigation
urposes in order to en-
hance = the ~—_—province’s.
agricultural output and
for industrial and mining
purposes.

Fi of = com-
munity income _ gen-
erating projects still re-
mains @ problem in the
27000km province with
@ population of apout
630 000.

“However, community
participation is so good
that progress in the estab-
lishment of small-scale
Industries continues at 2
very encouraging pace.”

Youth development
project continued to be
vigorously pursued
amidst financial con-
straints, but there wae
ght at the end of the
tunnel, Cde Kaparadzs.
said.

“We are also de-
veloping our sports, al-
though, we lack equip-
ment but we hope to
overcome the problems as
our projects become more
and more streamlined.”

76

Cde  Kaparadza said
that progress was being
made in the provision of
telecommunications links
through the mitcro-waye
towers, but he lamented
the fact that lack ot
funds wag hindering “the
maintenance of the exist-
ing road network,

“The demard by in-
dividual applicants to use
telecommunication faci-
lites was growing and
the automatisation of
the existing exchange
facilities needs to be
speeded-up to improve
telecommunications.” he
sald, :

de Kaparadza who
toak time off his busv
schedule to talk to us’
said he hoped to accomp-
ish most cf these plans
through commurity
participation. “As long as
people are made aware of
the fact that development
is for their own benefit,
then we have half solved
the development proh-
lem.”

The National Five-Yes.
Plan will be impiemented
through annual plars in
which the key role will be
placed upon the Centrat
Government Budget and
the Public Sector In-
vestment Programme
(PSIP), said Governor
Kaparadza."

TheGovernment,
therefore, will provide
finance for 54,0 percent
of the planned PSIP
which totals $4513 mil-
lon. Two-thirds of this
amount will be fundea
through foreign loans and
aid. Government plans to
“ix a certain percentage
of its revenue for PSIP
fmancing im order to
stabilise its funding and
planning. In the initial
years this process will be
constrained by the exist-
ing wide gap between
revenue and recurrent ex-
penditure. The planned
reduciior of this gap will
make possible im-
provement in the seif-
tmancing of PSIP.



Answer: No. Because there is no one left who is not aligned. How can you see
Fidel Castro’as nonaligned? Fidel Castro can't be nonaligned. (Again) Fidel
Castro can't be nonaligned. The nonaligned movement has lost its impact and
its meaning. So it is not UNITA which stopped being nonaligned, it is the non-
aligned movement which stopped being nonaligned. I think this is the best
definition we have.

Question: And the concept of socialism?

Answer: We are socialists, but democratic socialists. In the beginning, the
African people lived in community. Therefore, the African people may be called
upon to make a joint effort without asking for any wage or compensation in re-
turn. As you can see, the UNITA armed forces are not earning anything. Even
before the Portuguese colonization, during it and after it, the villagers have
gotten together, to build a road, a bridge, to work for the common welfare,
without asking for pay. We can appeal to our people at a given moment in our
history, to work together for nothing. It is the sense of a joint effort, a
socialist sentiment. At the same time, we say we are democratic socialists,
because we don't want people to give up their individuality, to belong to the
machinery of the state, the machinery of the party. Therefore, we combine soc-
ialism and democracy.

Convince Americans and the EEC
Question: Does this justify the preferential relations with the United States?

Answer: There are no preferential relations, because this took a very great
effort. To persuade the Americans to aid UNITA took a very great effort. You
must even remember that since 1975 the Americans have given more aid to the
FNLA than to UNITA.

Question: CIA aid....

Answer: Well, whether it was from the CIA‘or not, at that time it was only
passing support. For UNITA it was support in passing. The real aid was going
to the FNLA. From 1976 to now is a long time. It ‘took us 10 years to con-
vince the Americans that they should help us. And it took more than a lot of
words. It took a lot of action. When the Americans were convinced that UNITA
was a significant force in the combat against the Cubans in Angola, that was
when they decided to help us. We think, therefore, that the aid which we are
receiving today from the Americans is not based on philosophy--it is the re-
sult of our own action.

Question: This aid is linked to the Republican Party, specifically to Presi-
dent Reagan. Reagan wikl be succeeded by another president, perhaps a Dem-
ocrat. What will happen to UNITA then?

Answer: In fact, the Sixth UNITA Congress discussed this possibility. We do

not believe that the next president of the United States, even if he is a Re-
publican, Will be as convinced of the rightness of our cause as

12



GRAINS BOARD OPTIMISTIC OVER MODEST PROFIT

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 26 Sep 86 p 9

[Text]

THE Nigerian Grains Board
(NGB) has expressed optimism
that it would ‘make a modest
profit” of about 9,115,861 Naira
for the 1985‘/86 purchasing
season.

The acting General Manager,
Alhaji Abubakar Raji, said at a
press conference in Minna on
Tuesday that it had become
possible to anticipate profit
because for the first time the sell-
ing prices of grains in the board’s
custody were higher than the
“take over prices” froin farmers.

He said the board acquired a

19274

CSO: 3400/322

loan of 99,526,026,923 Naira from
the Central Bank of Nigeria
(CBN) this ‘season with which it
purchased 178,883 tonnes of
assorted grains from farmers
the market values of which he
puts at 107,651,183 Naira.

Alhaji Abubakar said the board

chad 435 tonnes of paddy rice

which it bought at 825 Naira per
tonne from farmers to be sold at
2,200 Naira per tonne. It has also
39,594 tonnes of maize which it

771

NIGERIA

bought at 567 Naira per tonne to
be sold at 620 Naira per tonne.

Other grains include guinea

corn, millet and sorghum of which
the board had altogether 138,854
tonnes bought at 611 Naira per
tonne to be sold at 660 Naira per
tonne.

He said the Nigerian Grains
Board has so far received
184,028,923 Naira as purchasing
loan from CBN since its inception
in 1977.

He said as at the end of
November 1985, 46,204,071 Naira
was still outstanding against the
board because a directive to the
board through letter No.
FLD/141/S4/Vol.5/891 of April 14,
1982 to purchase grains from
farmers at 290 Naira a fonne and
seltit at 240 Naira.

The general manager said_
though government directed. the
board to sell the grains at sub-
sidised prices, poultry industry
did not pass on the subsidy to con-
sumers of their product.



soothes the nerves, but the next day I have nothing to put to practical use.
In a biography, a book on military strategy, an economic text, a history, I
always learn something."

“What do you think about beauty?"

"I have said to all my comrades that beauty is what man builds. We are always
tearing down and then rebuilding; we have to be very careful, because many
people don't know how to set limits on tearing down to build again; they become
accustomed to simply tearing down. Destruction doesn't cost anything. The
difficult thing, and the broadening thing, is to build. An architect who de-
signs a house, a bridge, while he is earning a living as an architect, sees
that house, that bridge, as a work of art. It is beautiful. It is pleasing.
It is a proper building. But when we always go around with explosives, blow-
ing up houses and bridges, we have to be careful not to fall into the extrem-
ism of thinking that destruction is a normal way of life. For men, the normal
way of life, for the edification of his soul, is to build."

(Box, p.15]

Savimbi on the Others

--On Eduardo dos Santos: (Without hesitation, and calmly) "Countryman."
~-On Samora Machel: (Pause) "President of Mozambique."

~-On Nelson Mandela: (Quick reply) "South African nationalist who has already
spent more than 20 years in prison."

--On Kenneth Kaurida: (Disgusted) "President of Zambia, who was my friend, my
my good friend, and is a turncoat."

--On Muhammar Qadhafi: (Responds quickly and then more calmly) "President of
Jamahiriya, which is Libya. I think he has a dangerous policy."

--On Abdou Diouf: (Seriously) "President of Senegal, who replaced my friend
Leopold Sedar Senghor and who, with.the OAU, tried to make a grandiose
policy for a small country."

--On Aristide Pereira: (Pause) "President of Cape Verde, whom I know very well.
A sensible man. It is a pity he does not exert his influence in the An-
golan conflict."

--On Mario Soares: (Peremptory) "President of the Portuguese Republic. Great
politician."

--On Cavaco Silva: (Pauses and replies hesitantly) "Professor Cavaco Silva is
prime minister of the Portuguese Government, whom I cannot describe."

--On Francois Mitterand: (Pause) "President of the French Republic, socialist,
very cautious; he has always defended the French interests."

29



GOVERNMENT'S CRACKDOWN ON UDF EXAMINED

Durban POST NATAL in English 22-25 Oct 86 p 19

[Commentary by Ameen Akhalwaya in "MY View" column]

[Text]

THE Government has de-'
clared one of its major
adversaries, the United
Democratic Front, an
“affected” organisation.

It’s an intriguing term,
“affected”. But what does
it mean?

Chambers Twentieth
Century Dictionary gives
more than one definition,
and depending on wheth-
er you like or dislike the
UDF, you can take your
pick which one applies to
it.

The adjectives “affect-
ed” and “affecting”, says
Chambers, mean “power
to move the emotions”.
“Affected” also means
“full of affectation;
feigned”.

“Affectation” in turn
means “assumption of or
striving after an appear-
ance of what is not natu-
ral or real; feigned”.

That the UDF has the
“power to move emo-
tions” is beyond dispute.
The impact it has made
in-its three-year exis-
tence has changed the
face of South African
politics.

The ANC — and during
its short legal existence
the PAC — had the
power to move emotions,
Even since being banned
in 1960, they still move
emotions.

In the 1970s, the black

consciousness movement
under Saso and BPC
moved emotions that al-
tered the nature of the
political debate in this

‘country.

In terms of mass mobi-
lisation on a national
scale, the UDF in its
short existence has
moved emotions on a
scale probably unprece-
dented in South Africa.

That is why the Gov-

ernment has acted:

against it. It sees the
UDF as a threat, and has
therefore detained UDF
members, banned them,
arrested and taken them
to court on charges that
don’t often stick ...

Perhaps the main rea-
son why the Goverment
has acted against it is
based on Chambers’ sec-
ond definition: “assump-
tion of or striving after
an appearance of what is
not natural or real;
feigned”.

The Government
claims the UDF is not
what it appears to be,
that it is in fact a front
for the ANC.

If the UDF is indeed an
ANC front, there is some-
thing strange in the Gov-
ernment’s thinking. The
Nats claim the ANC is
under the thumb of
Moscow and the
communists.

100

SOUTH AFRICA

Now I am not privy to
the UDF’s sources of for-
eign funds. But it is rea-
sonable to assume that,
as for many anti-apart-
heid organisations, the
funds come from Ameri-
can foundations, the
Scandinavian countries,
and German and Dutch
church groups.

None of these can be
classified “communist”
or the lackeys of
Moscow.

If Pretoria believes
that he who pays the
piper calls the tune, its
logic is again hard to
fathom. Assuming the
American groups, the
Scandinavians, and the
churches are out to influ-
ence the UDF, then sure-
ly, by the Government's
reasoning, that is a very

thing?

After all, the Nats and
the SABC repeatedly say
they are trying to pre-
serve Western and Chris-
tian democratic. values,
and you can’t find them
more Western or Chris-
tian than the supposed
supporters of the UDF.

The same kind of logic
was used in the 1970s to
discredit the black con-
sciousness organisations.
Claims were made that
they were being funded
by the American CIA.
The Government regards



LIBERIA OIL COMPANY VENTURE CANCELLED

London AFRICA ECONOMIST DIGEST in English 27 Sep 86 pp 7-8 of the AED Special

Report supplement

[Text]

/9317

The controversial oil marketing and
distribution agreement signed by the
government with the US'’C S$ International
and Bermuda-based Gadco-Petro
International appears to have been
cancelled, following strong opposition
from the World Bank and local companies,
Monrovia sources told AED. .

The 18 July agreement aimed to give
exclusive rights on importing petroleum
products for resale to Liberia Oil
Company (LOC), a joint venture between
the government and the two companies.
This caused concern at the World Bank,
however, as the clause implied Liberia
Petroleum Refining Corporation (LPRC)
—the state-owned petroleum importing
and marketing body and the county's main
distributor — would lose its importing
rights, and have to buy from LOC ata
premium.

The bank is also concerned about the fate
of tax revenues due to be brought in by
LPRC. The latter, which is mandated by the
government to collect a $1.50-a-gallon
excise tax from consumers, is capable of
raising $100 million a year for the treasury,
aid officials say. Much of the revenue so far
collected has never been transferred to
government coffers, although pledges
were made in the March and July budgets
that funds would be handed over in future
(AED 26:7:86; 22:3:86).

The bank had earlier urged privatisation
of LPRC to improve its efficiency and bring
in much-needed revenue for the treasury.
Instead, the government concluded the
LOC deal, without prior consultation with

CSO: 3400/236

36

LIBERIA

the bank and in the face of open opposition
by senior LPRC management.

The bank sent a formal cable to Monrovia
in early September opposing the contract
and implying it would find it difficult to
continue doing business with Liberia if the
deal went ahead, AED was told. This could
have put at risk the $28 million in World
Bank funds due for disbursement on
Liberia’s clearing of its arrears.

Locally based companies — some of
which were importing petroleum products
directly — also lobbied against the
agreement, fearing it would raise their
costs, while officials at the Planning &
Economic Affairs Ministry sent a letter to
President Doe requesting it be cancelled ,
Monrovia sources say.

Initial statements from the executive
mansion said the contract would be
reviewed. However, Planning & Economic
Affairs Minister Paul Jeffy is reported to
have been told by Doe in the week ending
September 20 that the contract would be
cancelled, the sources add.

Towin continued support from the World
Bank, Liberia must repay its $18.3 million
arrears; this is likely to come from $18
million in US economic support funds
(ESF) due to be disbursed soon. The
government has also agreed to allow an
audit to be done onLPRC’'s books by an
international company — yet to be
appointed — which will be paid for by US
Agency for International Development. It
has also renewed its pledge that excise tax
collected by LPRC will be transferred to the
government in future.


medical services as well as subsidized
housing scheme.

The yawning gap between the rival fac-
tions of the NLC and the muscling of the
congress by the government have made cri-
tics to wonder how the moribund body can
protect workers’ interest, let alone form a
successful labour party or even lay claim
to better ideas. Aliyu Sule, a former
politician from Kwara State, said the NLC
is having ‘‘misdirected aims and objec-
tives.””

More important, workers for whose in-
terests the congress exists, have now
discovered that the NLC is their god quite
alright, but alas, it is one with clay feet.
As the congress wavers and staggers, Em-
ma George, father of five, retrenched
from a drinks factory in Eket, Cross River
State, described the NLC as a ‘‘body that
now takes delight in making empty noise
through the media to give the impression
that it is fighting in defence of workers’
interests.”? Fredrick Okoye, retrenched in
March this year from Berger Paints, Ike-
ja, said the NLC is no more than a spent
force tossed here and there by all those
who are in control of economic and
political powers. Okoye now shuttles bet-
ween Lagos and Anambra States in search
of a job and wonders how NLC’s wrangl-
ings could salvage him.

They are not alone. Fidelis Okocha, a
dock worker has been perhaps, more
disappointed. He said many workers who
had looked up to the congress for protec-
tion are now left at the mercy of their
employers because NLC has proved in-
capable of protecting them.

Adeyemi Adeogun, professor and dean
of the Faculty of Law, University of
Lagos, blamed the NLC for failing all along
to make provisions for sacked workers or
suggest ways by which sacked workers can
be re-engaged. ‘‘The NLC has failed to
act as a shield to protect the Nigerian
workers,’’ he told Newswatch. He was not
alone in condemning NLC’s attitude to
retrenched workers. Charles A. Oghuma,
managing director of Eghiemai Industries
Limited, Ikeja, told Newswatch that one
would have expected the congress to make
suggestions on workers plight. ‘It is very
sad that the NLC leaders are politicians

and self-interest seekers,”’ he said.

However, there are others who still see
some vibrance in NLC. Wahab Goodluck,
former president of the defunct Trade
Union Congress, believes in the usefulness
of the congress. Soon after the release of
the 25 leaders of the NLC, who were de-
tained by government for planning a
demonstration for June 4, Goodluck
showered praises on them: ‘They have
stood their ground, they have done their

61

best to show their indignation.” Milton P.
Ohwovoriole, president of the Ikeja
branch of the Nigeria Bar Association,
agrees with Goodluck on the potency of
the NLC. He told Newswatch that given
the circumstances of a military govern-
ment, which imposes restrictive laws on
expression, the congress fared well by, at
least, trying to make its voice heard. “If
the NLC had barked too much, nothing
could have stopped the government from
banning it entirely and that would be
worse for workers,” he said.

The Nigeria Labour Congress was born
by decree 22 of 1978. Its birth climaxed
the growth of organised trade unionism
started in the country 74 years ago by the
Nigeria Civil Service Union. The congress
gave cause for joy as it pledged to “do
anything within its constitutional limits to
protect the interests of all or any of its af-
filiated organisations and individual
members through promoting, defending
and maintaining the rights and interest of
labour; improving economic and _ social
conditions of workers and advancing the
cause of workers’ education.”

But eight years after its birth, the NLC
has been going through rough weather,
strong enough to crash it. More than three
million workers, who pinned their hopes
on the congress, have lost their jobs in the
economic downturn. “The silence of the
NLC over this pathetic situation questions
its relevance,’’ said Oghuma while Sule
said the NLC leadership had failed the
Nigerian workers so much that “talking
about the congress package of failure
amounts to making a bad use of one’s
time.”’ A retrenched worker of the Nigeria
Railway Corporation, NRC, sums up the
congress’ failure-when he said it is “the
passage of the NLC.””

Perhaps, the most testy day for the con-
gress this year was June 4. That was the
day it set aside to hold a scaled-down ral-
ly, ostensibly to protest the killing of
students and workers during the students’
riot in Ahmadu Bello University, ABU,
Zaria. Overnight, the congress leaders
became unwilling guests at the Alagbon
Close of the Force CID headquarters. It
was a surprise move by the police, whose
success at nipping the demonstration in
the bud was pointed at by critics as proof
of the weakness inherent in the leadership
of the NLC.

G. Omoruyi Ero, NLC executive coun-
cil member and president ofthe Nigeria
Union of Railwaymen, however, put up a
quick defence. He said the absence of con-
tinuity in the planned demonstration after
the leaders were picked up did not reflect
a weak point in the congress. According
to him, what happened was in consonance



the fact that three-quarters of the country’s 27 banks,
36 building societies and 46 other financial institu-
tions are run by Kikuyu interests. All of the banks
which had collapsed were also Kikuyu. Their chair-
men and directors were among the wealthiest of the
Kikuyu plutocracy which is estranged from Moi,
while many of the small investors who had lost
money were also Kikuyu.

The banks’ collapse therefore provided an oppor-
tunity for the government to drive a wedge between
the Kikuyu wananchi who had lost their money and
some of the most influential leaders of their own
community. Some observers believe that Moi used
the occasion somewhat cynically to pose as the
champion of the common man or woman while also
disposing of some of his most powerful opponents.
We examine the evidence for such a theory below.
Moi attacked the bankers for their ‘gross mismanage-
ment and malpractice’, and the directors and share-
holders ‘who had loaned to themselves, or to their
companies, large sums of depositors’ money without
adequate security.’ The president also claimed that
the people behind the bank collapse had been respon-
sible in addition for the collapse of land purchasing
companies, where thousands of small investors had
lost their money.

The resulting attack on Kikuyu high finance has
struck at some hitherto unassailable rivals of Moi.
The president’s first move was to sack Andrew
Kimani Ngumba, a former mayor of Nairobi who
was the assistant minister of planning and national
development. Ngumba was the chairman and owner
of Rural Urban Finance and Credit, a company that
had collapsed as early as December 1984, long before
the six companies whose collapse caused the present
crisis. The demise of Rural Urban Finance and
Credit had left many dissatisfied depositors and a
large debt. The NHIF had placed its second-highest
investment with the company, amounting to 19 mil-
lion shillings. Immediately after Ngumba’s sacking,
Moi named a Special Investment Committee (SIC)
to examine the scandal and to advise how to salvage
the bankrupt companies.

The SIC was chaired by the finance minister,
Professor George Saitoti, who is generally highly
regarded among financiers. Other members of the
team included:

@ Dr Robert Ouko, an economist, now minister of planning
and national development. He is remembered for his attempts
to save the East African Community in the 1970s.

@ Simeon Nyachae, the chief secretary and secretary for cabinet
affairs, who is arguably the most influential of Moi’s close
advisors. He has made himself a millionaire in a remarkably
short time. He has banking interests of his own. Last year
the pugnacious backbench member of parliament Martin
Shikuku called in parliament for an inquiry into the sources
of Nyachae’s wealth.

© “Philip Ndegwa, the long-standing governor of the Central
Bank, who has been attempting to control the proliferation

32


MARKET FOR LIQUID NATURAL GAS REMAINS ELUSIVE

Ikeja NEWSWATCH in English 8 Sep 86 pp 34-35

[Article by Mashud Abubakar]

[Text]

igeria still can’t find buyers for

its liquefied natural gas. A govern-

ment delegation which went to
Western Europe last June returned home
empty-handed. Newswatch learnt that
negotiations were inconclusive.

Rilwanu Lukman, Minister of Petro-
leum and Energy has indicated that the
LNG project will come on stream in 1995.
But that will be possible only if there is
market for it. A task force, headed by
Gamaliel Onosode, is shopping for
customers. Last year, it made two trips to
Western Europe. None proved fruitful. A
British company, which showed some in-
terest, was said to have given the task
force two conditions, namely, that
Nigeria must guarantee uninterrupted gas
supply and that the consortium of Shell
International, Elf, Agip and NNPC, equi-
ty owners of the LNG project, must not
be given preferential treatment in the lif-
ting of gas.

LNG requires a long term market con-
tract of at least three years. ‘That is why
Lukman insists “‘we don’t want to start
developing the gas resources without
assured customers.”’

President Ibrahim Babangida
numbered the LNG among the priority
projects of his administration when he
spoke at a seminar on Nigeria’s economic
recovery in Lagos, last September. The
federal government has already opened an
escrow account from which it expects to
fund the construction of the project at
Bonny, Rivers State. Government will
hold 60 percent of the equity shares in it.

Nigeria’s proven deposit of natural gas
is estimated at between 90 and 140 trillion
cubic feet, making it one of the twelve
countries with the largest natural gas

64

NIGERIA

deposits. The Gowon administration
decided on LNG project in the early
seventies. Gowon himself told Newswatch
last month that the project was to have
come on stream in 1980. “We had found
enough buyers,” he said.

The buyers are not there any more. Suc-
cessive administration appeared to have
put the execution of the project on the
back-burner although at every available
opportunity, government functionaries
never failed to mention government com-
mitment to it. This has proved a costly
mistake.

Nigeria loses substantial revenue
through gas flaring. About 360 million
cubic feet of natural gas is flared daily in
the country’s oil fields. Between 1970 and
1983, about 35 billion cubic feet of gas
went up in smoke. Experts estimated this
at N2.7 billion a year.

Worried by this colossal waste, the
Obasanjo administration decided to stop
gas flaring. It promulgated decree 99 in
1979 to compel oil companies to reinject
the gas. Under the decree, companies flar-
ing gas after December, 1983, would be
fined two kobo per 1,000 cubic metres of
gas flared. This penalty represented 25 per
cent of the royalty the government would
have earned if the gas were either used or
sold for commercial purposes.

In December, 1984, Tam David-West,
then Minister of Petroleum and Energy,
announced that the decree had been
amended, suspending the penatly. Its ef-
fective date was also pushed to January,
1985. And the waste continues.

Prospects for a viable market are rather
gloomy. Tor Meloe, chief economist of
Texaco Oil Company, says the “window
of opportunity”? on gas sales had been
shut against Nigeria in major interna-



19274
cso:

3400/330

the United States as a
major friend, especially,
in its opposition tol
communism. ‘

Indeed, US President
Ronald Reagan is on rec-
ord as saying ‘South
Africa” is a friend, an
ally in the World War 2.
(and conveniently forget-
ting that many Nats op-
posed taking part in the
war and were sympathet-
ic to Hitler).

So if the CIA was in-
deed: financing the BC.
groups (and there is no’
evidence to suggest that,
if that were true; they
were aware of it), then
surely, from the Govern-
ment’s point of view
again, that too would
have been a good thing?

Surely the CIA would
not be paying to get any-|
one into the communist;
orbit? It would pay to get |
people under American}
influence, and you cannot.
get any more West-
ern/capitalist than that.

So instead of allowing
the BC groups — in
terms of its strange logic
— to be influenced in
being part of their Chris-
tian/ Western/ capitalist
designs, the Nats clob-
hered them. ‘

Last Sunday, October
19, was the ninth
anniversary of the Gov-
ernment’s banning of BC
organisations.

Nine years later, the
Nats have declared the
UDF an “affected” or-
ganisation, which means.
it cannot receive funds
from abroad. The Nats
see this as poetic justice
— the UDF has support-
ed economic sanctions
against South Africa, so

the Government has im- |
posed economic sanctions
against the UDF. !

When, according to’
economists, South Africa _
desperately needs foreign ©
currency, surely the Gov-
ernment is cutting its
nose to spite its face? Its
logic is indeed strange.

If-we believe the
smears, if the foreign
donors are trying to win
over the UDF and BC
groups to the Western/:i
capitalist orbit, why:
would the Government |
curb them?

The only conclusion :
one can draw is that the |
Government knows full
well that blacks striving
for a just, truly demo-
cratic society don’t want
to be under anyone’s
thumb. They do not want.
to replace one boss with
another from outside. |

They want to be their’
own bosses in their own
country. And that is what
the Nats and their sup-
porters really fear.

That is why the UDF is
right in fearing that its
being declared an “af-
fected” organisation is a
prelude to being: banned
outright — just as the
ANC, PAC and, later,
Saso/BPC, were.

But the Government
hasn’t learned the bans
won’t work. Banning the”
ANC drove it to violence,*:
as Cabinet Minister’
Chris Heunis admitted
recently.

And-26 years after
being banned, the ANC
remains the Govern-
ment’s major foe, wheth-
er or not the UDF is its
front.

101



BABANGIDA ON SELF-RELIANCE IN DEFENCE PRODUCTION

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 23 Sep 86 pp 1,3

[Text]

19274
cso;

3400/320

PRESIDENT Ibrahim
Babangida yesterday re-
peated: Federal Govern-
ment’s commitments to
the achievement of self-
sufficiency in the pro-
duction of defence mate-
rials within available
resources.

In a message the President
sent to the opening of a four-
day armed forces seminar at
the Nigerian institute of Inter-
national Affairs (NIIA), Victoria
Island, Lagos, he said govern-
ment’s commitment to such
goal was based on knowledge
that a self-reliant nation was
one which depended less on-
the external assistance in
matters of national defence
and internal security.

.He therefore, urged partici-
pants to make recommenda-
tions on what strategic
materials would be available in
the country and matters of
preserving them in order to
meet future needs.

The President noted that mineral
resources was of strategic impor-

* tance, especially. when the

and stake for it were high.
In.a paper presented at the

seminar by the Director of Mineral
Resources in the Federal Ministry
‘of Mines, Power and Steel, Alhaji
Inuwa Gombe, he called for the in-
tensification of geological prospec-
ting and mapping in the country.

Alhaji Inuwa said “until every
inch of the country’s territory is
combed it will be difficult to see
what other minerals might be
found.” .

He stated that exploration should
follow close to geological mapping
while exploitation of proven
reserve should as much as possible
aim at providing raw materials for
industries.

He disclosed that it would cost
about 50 million Naira to develop
the Kano underground tin deposit
and 18 million Naira for the lead,
zinc deposit in Abakaliki.

‘This, he said, gave an indication
of enormous financial resource re-
quired for the nation to develop her
own mineral potentials.

Alhaji Inuwa stressed the need
for the country to adopt foreign
policy measures that would enable
it to find and procure minerals
from other nations on government
to government basis especially in
Africa.

He advocated the stock-piling of
necessary raw materials especially
metals as part of the policy.

Participants in the seminar in-
clude members of the Armed
Forces, retired senior military
officers and policy makers in
both the private and public
sectors.

42

NIGERIA



SOUTH AFRICA

DOMESTIC WORKERS START TO ORGANIZE UNIONS
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 22 Oct 86 p 4M
[Article by Mike Siluma, First paragraph THE STAR's comment. ]

[Text] For years domestic workers-~although the do as important a job as any-
one else--have been regarded as the forgotten section of the South African
workforce, with no statutory protection, Now domestics, estimated at a million
countrywide, are beginning to organise and fight for their rights. Mike Siluma
reports,

They are a regular feature of the white South African lifestyle and indispen-
sable to many white families--yet hundreds of thousands of domestic servants
are, together with farm workers, the least protected of South Africa's work-
force, .

Having for years lived in the seclusion of the servants' quarters of many white
homes, these women (and men) have, in recent years increasingly made their
voices heard,

Throughout the country, domestic workers--in keeping with trends in the
broader black trade union movement~-are organising themselves into employee
organisations to protect their interests.

Among such representative organisations which have sprouted recently are the
SA Domestic Workers' Association (Sadwa), the East London Domestic Workers'
Union, the Port Elizabeth Domestic Workers' Union, the Natal Domestic Workers'
Union and Cape Town's Domestic Workers' Association,

This movement will culminate in the formation next month of a national domes~
tic workers’ association having an initial membership of nearly 60,000. It is
believed that the new grouping will seek affiliation to the Congress of SA
Trade Unions,

Sadwa's Transvaal secretary, Mrs Margaret Nhlapo, said the new union resulted

from the realisation that the different organisations, active on a regional
basis, were unable to effectively fight for the rights of domestic workers,

84


know that you are going to write later that even the wine, the beer, the coca
cola, the toilet paper, is South African. Because they are. We buy them from
the South Africans. Yes (sarcastically), we do business with them: we sell
them ivory, diamonds, wood...."

I was beginning to feel at home in the back of the South African Mercedes
(brand new, with foam rubber cushions to absorb the shocks): which took us
back to the battle front.

But this time we had a different purpose: the three correspondents had asked
Brig Gen Ben if they could accompany a FALA patrol close to the lines of the
government forces and to witness the day's shelling from a point closer to the
target.

"From Here to Front on Foot"

/
We headed for UNITA's "observation post," from which the rebels communicate
corrections in the trajectories and the results obtained back to the lines of
attack.

This time, we went around the southern slope of the Cuito plateau, to a point
where the trucks were stopped.

"From here to the front, we go on foot," Capt Jaime announced. "It's not
safe to go by truck."

It was 1400 hours on Monday, 1 September. A scorching heat. The sun at its
zenith. Dry, very dry air. We were going up the southwestern slope of the
plateau, marching along a sandy path.

Ahead of us lay dense jungle. Always uphill. We had to keep up the pace; the
attack was scheduled for 1630 hours and we had to reach the "observation post"
before then.

A brief halt on a rise allowed us to see, with binoculars, part of the city of
Cuito-Cuanavale, the peaceful curve of the Cuito River and, even better, the
landing field, which was out of operation after being shelled by UNITA several
times since the battle of 9 August.

We had barely resumed the march when Capt. Jaime called our attention to a
noise, very distant at first and then much closer, in the air over Cuito.
"From the sound, it is a Russian Antonov.... Keep marching."

Now the plane could be seen perfectly, flying at a safe altitude, beyond the
reach of the UNITA antiaircraft, but directly above its trajectory.

Several hours later, Brig Gen Ben told me "it was an Antonov 33 and it was on
a reconnaissance mission, at 5,000.meters, to photograph our area of opera+
tions. Later he tells the MiGs our positions and developments in the terrain.
From that altitude, he can take excellent pictures."



Efforts at Improved Agricultural Varieties Detailed
(Clement Unegbu; SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN, 28 Sep 86) .......-

ZIMBABWE

Minister Optimistic About Economy in Future
(BUSINESS DAY, 24 Oct 86) ..

Matabeleland People Urged To Help Troops Fight Dissidents
(THE HERALD, 20 Oct 86) ...

Mashonaland Governor Outlines Province's Plans
(Joseph Kaparadza Interview; THE SUNDAY MAIL, 12 Oct 86)

Cooperation Among Co-Ops Praised
(Basil Sithole; THE SUNDAY MAIL, 12 Oct 86) ..ssceeeeeee
SOUTH AFRICA
AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

NP MP Says RSA Women Must Unite for Peace
(Kate McKinne11; THE STAR, 23 Oct 86) ..scecececececcceee

BLACKS

Bus Fare Increases Spark Violence, Warnings
(SAPA, 31 Oct, 3 Nov 86) ..

17.5 Percent Hike
Buses Damaged; Ridership Down in Soweto

Daily Marks 9th Anniversary of Clampdown on Black Resistance
(Zb. Molefe; CITY PRESS, 19 Oct 86) .ssssececececevscecee

Domestic Workers Start To Organize Unions
(Mike Siluma; THE STAR, 22 Oct 86) ssececececececscereees

Reporter Sheds Light on Kwazulu/Natal Indaba
(THE WEEKLY MAIL, 24-30 Oct 86) ..sesceeeeecececcsccseres

Three Cases of Forced Removals Examined
(THE WEEKLY MAIL, 24-30 Oct 86) .sscvesesceceescccesceees

Oukasie Township, by Vivienne Walt
Home for Roadside Refugees, by Franz Kruger
Despatch Township Razed, by Jo-Ann Bekker

Status of Transkei as Independent Homeland Analyzed on 10th
Anniversary

(Patrick Laurence; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 24-30 Oct 86) ...

-e-

72

73

7

77

79

80

80

80

82

84

87

93



MOZAMBIQUE

INACTIVITY OF CAHORA BASSA DAM CREATES 'WHITE ELEPHANT’
Lisbon TAL & QUAL in Portuguese 26 Sep 86 p 3

[Article by Carlos Vargas]

[Text] Supporters of direct Portuguese involvement in the Cahora Bassa project
after Mozambican independence in 1975 believed that compromise was necessary
to pave the way for cooperation. Opponents of the idea, on the other hand,
considered compromise unjustified, in general citing the indisputable
financial burden that it would entail. In all, Portugal has undertaken an
investment in the Zambeze River of more. than 60 billion escudos and Cahora
Bassa now fills a place in the collective Portuguese imagination as a sort of
bottomless pit.

This is not entirely correct. After all, with the cutting-by sabotage-of the
energy transmission lines to South Africa more than a year ago, the Cahora
Bassa Hydroelectric. (HBC) has been transformed into a utility with virtually
no income, its activity reduced to supplying the Peoples' Republic of
Mozambique with a tiny share of electricity-about 1 percent of the facility's
normal production capacity. However, the HCB maintains some 1,500 workers

on its payroll, including 197 Portuguese, and has succeeded in paying off a
debt service that has been heavy-especially under present conditions. The
utility's debt at the end of last year approached 23 billion escudos. TAL &
Qual has been informed this week that the amortized payments on this debt, plus
labor and maintenance costs, currently amount to some 20 million escudos per
day.

HCB financial authorities are naturally reluctant to supply details, but the
utility's financial reports have for many years made repeated references to
"shortfalls in income." Tactfully and technically, the phenomenon is explained
as resulting from "line malfunctions," or "temporary suspension, due to
unforeseen circumstances, of the contract with ESCOM"-the South African public
utility receiving Cahora Bassa's almost entire production. It cannot be denied,
however, that these interruptions in the supply of energy to the Electricity
Supply Commission of Johannisburg are subject to "penalties," nor that the prices
stipulated in the contract for so-called "hard energy" have reached record lows.
The beneficiary has obviously always been the same: the Republic of South
Africa.

39



NEGLECT OF COAL INDUSTRY, MINERS ALLEGED

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 22 Sep 86 p 7

[Article by Goddy Eke]

[Text]

MORE than 3,000
workers of the. Nigerian
Coal corporation Enugu
have sent a passionate
appeal to the federal
military _ government
over non- ent of.
their salarietor the past
nine months.

The workers, looking

hageard and miserable °

while marabing _ their
orded to the Triumph
claimed that they re-
ceived their November

19274

CSO; 3400/323

and December 1985
salaries only recently.
Some of the workers
who pleaded anonymity
said they had to with-
draw their children from
schools ‘because. of ‘our
inability of pay the nor-
mal: school fees along
with recently imposed S|
Naira education levy by
the state government,

providing food even once
in a day for our families
have become a near im-

ossibility while we have

ad to watch our children
die of diseases as we can
no longer afford the bills
in the hospitals.

“In fact, many of our
member have died as a
result of this pathetic
situation”. They further
stressed in woeful tone.

Narrating his ordeal,
one of the workers re-
vealed how his new born
baby was detained along
with the mother before
he could raise the medic-
al bill of 250 Naira.

Dr. was _ further
gathered that those re-
tired since 1984 had not
been paid their pensonal

70

NIGERIA

allowances and gra-
tuities.

On horo the situation
came to be’so many of
the workers blamed the

overnment for nof re-
leasing subvention to the
corporation. Thev
argued that _ there
was no justification for
its (government's atti-
tude “since coal ts doin;

well in the international
market”

__ The neglect of the coal
industry has made min-
cemeat of the govern-
ment’s much vaunted
commitment to export
promotion since coal
could have served as an
important source of fore-
ign exchange earning,
especially now that the
future of oil is uncer-
tain”, said one of the coal
workers.


NP MP SAYS RSA WOMEN MUST UNITE FOR PEACE

Johannesburg THE STAR (Metro) in English 23 Oct 86 p 11M

[Article by Kate McKinnell]

[Text]

19274
cso:

3400/331

The sophisticated on-
slaught of external forces
‘was hindering the build-
ing of bridges between
South Africans, said’ Dr
Rina Venter, National
Party MP.

Speaking at a recent
Meeting of Women in
Slerksdorp-she said she and others had been calling
for some time for South Africans to stand together.

But, she said, this was: being, made impossible
By forces operating in:all circles: including white
politics and the black communit; _

“Black women who are willing to speak to their
‘white counterparts are being intimidated. Their dem-
cratic rights are being suppressed, while there is a
Geliberate attempt to create feelings of mistrust in
the black community. F

“Radical elements “cannot afford for the voices
of black women who wish to negotiate to be heard.

“My impression is that if South African women
meet to build bridges, we make impossible the -ef-
forts of those who wish to overthrow our country,”
said Dr Venter.

She said now the most important task for women
was to join, build bridges and take a stand on what
they wanted for South Africa.

Women had to get to know, respect and accept
each other’s aspirations and concerns, and they had to
work for equal opportunities and freedom for all
South Africans.

“Our society needs a therapist to help it over-
come its insecurities and prejudices, and I think
women are well equipped for this role”.

79

SOUTH AFRICA



20097

JPRS-SSA-86-117

25 NOVEMBER 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

FBIS

ganna 157

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 15
NATIONAL TECHNICAL | ~
INFORMATION SERVICE
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161



JOHANNESBURG PROFESSIONALS ADDRESS FUTURE OF CITY
Johannesburg THE STAR (Metro) in English 22 Oct 86 p 6M

[Article by James Clarke}

[Text]

Here was a congress on
the future of Johannes-
burg attended and organ-
ised by the city’s top pro-
fessional brain power —
big names in planning,
architecture, civil engi-
neering and academia.

But only two out of 47
Johannesburg city coun-
cillors came.

And the moment Minis-
ter Chris Heunis had fin-
ished his uninspiring
opening address he too
groped for the exit along
with the TV cameras.

Mr Jan Steyn, director
of the Urban Foundation,
then delivered his key-
note address to the 200
who filled the hall. In it
he said that the more
rapidly a city grew the
more complex it became
and the more afraid poli-
ticians became — and the
more authoritarian they
were tempted to become.

He made a point which

was to be echoed and re- |

echoed: “Urbanisation is
a process to be managed,
not a process to be de-
plored.”

INEVITABILITY
Mr Brian Whittaker of
the Foundation said it an-
other way: “Some people
talk about urbanisation

as if it were an option.
It’s an inevitability.”
Later, when delegates
gathered over wine and
asked themselves what
had been achieved by the
conference, the consensus
was that it had been a
battle between two emo-
tions. One frequently felt
a surge of inspiration —
of wanting to be “pro-ac-
tive” (a conference buzz-
word) — at the thought of
the challenges presented
by a Johannesburg freed
of all its crude con-
straints and given better

leadership than it has”

now. And then the de-

pression as one remem- ,

bered the constraints
which still existed.

The dichotomy be-
tween what politicians
believe the future will be
(rigidly controlled metro-
polises with “Norweto”-
like ghettos over the hori-
zons) and the visions of
those who still live in the
real world was vivid
throughout.

The voices of the half
a dozen black and col-
oured delegates were fre-
quently harsh with frus-
tration or faltering with
despair. The fact that
there were so few at this
totally non-racial confer-

105

SOUTH AFRICA ©

‘ence was a speech on its

“But while only two
Johannesburg politicians
attended — Rae Graham
and Geoff Simpson — the
city’s officials saved the
day. Led by Tim Middle-
ton of the town and re-
gional planning depart-
ment their input was in-
telligent, informed and
impressive.

“Johannesburg — the
second century” demon-
strated something that
was very hopeful — that
professional people, men
and women, black and
white, Afrikaans and
English, shared a belief
that apartheid (or, to be
more specific, the Group
Areas Act) was, some-'
how, about to end.

And once it was over
there were ideas and re-
sourcefulness ready to
get on with developing a
great, human and hand-
some city.

It would have its
slums, to be sure (“don’t
talk of slum clearance,”
said Jan Steyn, “talk of
slum improvement”) but.
they would represent
urban hope rather than
an intractable problem.

Only one speaker, the
tall and popular Rand-



New Trade Minister on Ministry's Role
(Chris Obinagwam; DAILY TIMES, 29 Sep 86) ...eseseseveeee

GATT Viewed as Tool To Exploit Third World
(Editorial; NEW NIGERIAN, 26 Sep 86) ....eceeeeeeereecere

Defiant Youth Corpers Incur New Minister's Wrath
(DAILY TIMES, 29 Sep 86) ..cecsecvccccvcccecscccvveseucce

Professor Endorses Libyan-Style 'Shura'
(Shehu G. Durbunde; THE TRIUMPH, 22 Sep 86) ...ceceseeeee

Council of Ulama Conference Opens
(Aliyu Modibbo; NEW NIGERIAN, 29 Sep 86) ..secsceeeecseee

Preaching Board To Ensure Compliance With Islam
(Adebisi Adekunle; NEW NIGERIAN, 4 Oct 86) ....eeeeeeeeee

Survey Reveals Concerns on Eve of Anniversary
(SUNDAY TIMES, 28 Sep 86) ...eececcececceccececerereceees

Police Brace for Increased Offensive Against Armed Robbers
(Wale Oladepo, et al.; NEWSWATCH, 22 Sep 86) ........eeee

Police in Major Drive Against Crime
(Andrew Orolua; NEW NIGERIAN, 3 Oct 86) ..ccccececeeceees

Security Agents Round Up Former Politicians
(NEW NIGERIAN, 27 Sep 86) ..scescccccceccvecccccccescsece

NLC Failures at Championing for Labor's Rights
(Wale Oladepo, et al.; NEWSWATCH, 29 Sep 86) .ssscseseeee

Market for Liquid Natural Gas Remains Elusive
(Mashud Abubakar; NEWSWATCH, 8 Sep 86) ..

Progress of Chad Basin Oil Exploration
(NEW NIGERIAN, 25 Sep 86) ...

New Crude Lifting Deal Comes Into Effect
(Muhammad Rabiu; SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN, 28 Sep 86) ........

Warri, Kaduna Petrochemical Plant Delays
(AFRICA ECONOMIC DIGEST, 27 Sep 86) ..

Neglect of Coal Industry, Miners Alleged
(Goddy Eke; THE TRIUMPH, 22 Sep 86) .......

Grains Board Optimistic Over Modest Profit
(NEW NIGERIAN, 26 Sep 86) .....

-b-

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

55

58

59

60

64

66

67

69

70

71


19274
cso:

3400/333

burg National Party man |
Olaus van Zyl, saw racial
segregation as still being
relevant — but even he
showed deep reserva-
tions.

He believed regional
services councils (RSCs)
would come some time in
the second quarter of |
next year and that they
would be quite compati-
ble with a post-apartheid
society. RSCs would still
work perfectly well, he
said, in the event of local
councils becoming non-
racial.

And although some
people perceived RSCs as
being beyond the reach of
voters — after ail the
public cannot choose its
representatives on RSCs
— a mechanism could be
found (he said) to make
them directly answer-
able. RSCs were a flexi-
ble tool. And they were
not a new tier of Govern-
ment but. were “horizon-
tal” to local councils.

Urban affairs consul-
tant Nigel Mandy, look-
ing astonishingly fit after
an open heart operation
only weeks ago, had lost
none of his elegant kni-‘
fework. Ignoring his own
paper, which he never
once glanced at, he con-
gratulated Olaus van Zyl
on his “very excellent
paper”. Then he verbally
shredded it, pointing out
many “absurdities”. .

He said that Olaus van
Zy!’s insistence that an
RSC was not a new tier
of Government was “the
greatest criticism of
RSCs so far”. He said the
new pattern of adminis-
tration revealed a devo-
lution of functions but not
of decision-making which
would in fact become
more centralised.

Anyway, he said, near-
ly all the duties an RSC

+ could elect to take over

were, or could be, per-
fectly well looked after
by agencies. Why to
scrub the Rand Water
Board, for instance?

The milch cow of the
RSCs was the private
sector. Businesses will
have to pay a new form
of tax — a tax based on
success — to finance
these councils. Yet busi-
nessmen will have no
representation at all.

The conference, which
produced nothing con-
crete for future develop-
ment — except for Pro-
fessor Richard Brown’s
proposed rapid rail sys-
tem (see illustration) —
became an exercise in
finding theories and over-
seas development models
appropriate for the post-
apartheid era:

GREY AREA

It became clear during
the conference that
Greater Johannesburg is,
irrevocably, a grey area.
There were, some ~aid,
40000 blacks. now living
in the CBD. I met a a col-
oured man in the lobby
whom, it turned out, had
been my neighbour in
Bryanston for five years.
I learned a black profes-
sional man has ‘bought a
house in Houghton.

It is, somebody said,
just a matter of the law
catching up with reality.

As such matters were
being discussed by urban
experts from throughout
the country —. who told
much the same story — it
became clear: South Afri-
ca is a grey area.

Perhaps that was the
lesson in it all.

106


He has become accustomed to hear anything and everything said about him ("we
are always being accused of something"), but one thing he will not allow them
to "distert"--and he says it with pride: he was the only nationalist leader
who was in the Angolan jungle on 25 April 1974. Agostinho Neto was in Zambia
and Holden Roberto was in Zaire.

One senses a certain bitterness in Savimbi when he talks about the years 1974
and 1975. They were not as he would have wished. He accuses the Portuguese
Communist Party of having organized a "conspiracy" against UNITA and of having
instigated the breakdown of the Alvor accords, which established an MPLA/UNITA/
FNLA transition government, which was aborted with the guerrilla civil war,

the arrival of the first Cuban internationalists and the South African invas-
ion of Angola, in 1975 ("operation Zulu").

Statesmanship

Then Jonas Savimbi made the "desert trek," fleeing 2,000 or so kilometers on
foot with some thousand loyal soldiers. One day, 65 of them arrived at the
“Lands at the End of the Earth," inhabited only by elephants, lions, wolves.
It was natural law: the survivors of the "long march" chose a spot and built
the first grass huts of Jamba. Today they are the leaders of UNITA, the
strongest, the ones who have withstood the hunger, the madness, the wild an-
imals.

The epitome of the endurance and discipline of the UNITA officers is the po-
litically charismatic figure of Jonas Savimbi, who is now taking up "the dis-
course of statesmanship" and the language of reconciliation.

The Man

But beyond the guerrilla, the military officer, the leader, what is the human
side of Savimbi?

He is married, for the second time. His first wife died in Jamba 3 years ago,
of a stroke.

He has five "small" children, who "do not yet understand the struggle very
well."

His mother is 87 years old and she lives in Jamba. "She understands every-
thing. She understands the struggle, she understands what suffering is. She
is always asking when peace will come."

Of his family, Savimbi retains only the image of his father, who was an em~
ployee of the Benguela Railroad and was arrested by the Portuguese ("he was a
fighter for the dignity of the African"). In every office where Savimbi
works, there is a photograph of his father. "It is vital to my work."

He does not work by any schedule and he never quits. His closest collaborators

say that "he only sleeps when the body cannot go on." This can happen after
20 or 24 successive hours of work.

27



In addition, she said, domestic workers increasingly had to cope with assaults
by employers--with at least five cases a week being reported to Sadwa,

Mrs Nhlapo made it clear that exploitation was not confined to white "madams",
Unions wanted to improve the wages and working conditions of all domestic work~
ers, irrespective who employed them,

“When we talk of improving working conditions for domestics, 'madams' in the
townships and the Indian and coloured areas think this does not apply to them.

"Anyone employing a domestic must be prepared to pay fair wages," said Mrs
Nhlapo,

19274
cso: 3400/327

86


A number of incidents took place at the Baragwanath Hospital bus terminus at
the weekend where attempts were made to petrol bomb four buses. The tyres
of six buses were slashed, she said.

Only 40 percent of the normal amount of commuters were on PUTCO buses operating
in Soweto today.

Ticket sales in the entire western area, including Soweto and Wembley, had
dropped to between 10 and 15 percent. However, the service had not been with-
drawn, the spokeswoman said.

PUTCO bus fares were increased by 17.5 percent in the Transvaal and by 15 per—
cent in Natal.

In the Wembley area buses were 90 percent full, said the spokeswoman.

In the Wynberg/Edenvale/Boksburg/Springs areas bus services and ticket sales
were normal and no buses were damaged.

In the Pretoria area bus services were normal and no buses were damaged. A
figure for ticket sales was not available for this area as they were being
monitored throughout today.

PUTCO had already met the government regarding an increase in its subsidy to
the bus company and "got the best we could," she said.

Many PUTCO bus users said they would be using taxis or private vehicles today
as it appeared to be cheaper on some routes than the bus service.

Thousands of pamphlets were distributed in Soweto at the weekend calling for
a bus boycott.

/12232
CSO: 3400/359

81



Thus there are two types of.warfare on the same front: conventional warfare
and guerrilla warfare--with no military solution in sight. UNITA wages conven-
tional warfare on two defensive fronts--Cuito-Cuanavale and Cazombo (the Cazom-
bo salient, Moxico Province)--to secure the territory controlled by the rebels.
There is also an extensive front, from Munhango to the north and northeast
(Moxico and Bie provinces and into Malange). This is guerrilla warfare, by
sabotage, ambushes and attacks in the cities.

Situation in the Cities

It was Jonas Savimbi who, in an opening address to the recent Sixth UNITA Con-
gress, emphasized the status of guerrilla and political action by the rebels
in the principal Angolan cities.

He began by criticizing the clandestine UNITA structure in Luanda, which was
uncovered and dismantled, after arrests and some executions. Then he gave
the "good" news:

"In Huambo Province, UNITA acts by day and by night and whenever we'wish. In
the city of Moxico, which the MPLA calls Luena, we act at will. We ‘now have
information about the lst Brigade--we captured a FAPLA first lieutenant. In
the city of Bie (erroneously called Kuito, because of the influence of the
Soviet "K"), our men penetrate whenever they please. A week ago, we destroyed
the television and radio towers without suffering even a scratch. In Cabinda,
we went into the city and destroyed the MPLA commissariat. In Cabinda, we
asked the FLEC (Front for the Liberation of Cabinda Enclave) to cooperate with
UNITA against the common enemy, since FLEC does not have the military capacity
for independence. Because it is a very rich territory, Cabinda could not re-
sist the ambitions of certain neighbors, except by remaining an integral part
of Angola. In sum, if we are successful in these cities, why not in others?
It is because of the UNITA cadres which operate in them."

In Cabinda since July 1985

At a meeting in Jamba, during which he showed us cellophane maps, in color,

in retroprojection, Brig Gen Wambu, UNITA chief of military intelligence, con-
firmed that the rebels “have been in Cabinda Province since July 1985," and
“this is only possible with the support of the population, which supplies food
to the guerrilas."

Brig Gen Wambu said: "We have an advantage in guerrilla. warfare, in that the
enemy can never rest easy."

The devastating effect of guerrilla warfare: most of the dams in Angola are
out of operation (according to Brig Gen Ben, the Mabubas dam supplies power
to Luanda and is ‘virtually nonfunctioning); the Benguela Railroad is shut down
(except for the short stretch from Benguela to Ganda). According to Brig Gen
Wambu, only about 10 percent of the country's paved roads are passable and,
“even so, they are only traveled in military columns of about 200 vehicles,
including 20 or 30 Cuban tanks."



COUNCIL OF ULAMA CONFERENCE OPENS

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 29 Sep 86 pp 1, 3

{Article by Aliyu Modibbo]

[Text]

THE Emir of Zaria. Alhaji
Shehu Idris. has said Muslims
would not accept any constitu-
tion that did not embrace
Islam and Islamic social
mobility.

Alhaji Shehu. opening a two-
day conference of the Council
of Ulama on political future as
it affected Islam, in Zaria.
said time had come for
Islamic laws to be allowed to
regulate the conduct of
muslims in all spheres of their
lives, while the respective
customary laws be applied to
non-muslims.

He explained that “Islam
had provided ways of life for
all muslims not: leaving
anything behind, as contained
in the Koran.

Alhaji Shehu therefore, ask-
‘ed the conference -to
deliberate on a new society
based on Islam which would
be acceptable to Nigerians.

He said issues such as the
framework of a new constitu-
tion, the type of government.
legislatures both at federal
. local govern-
nal rulers.
judicial system, Land Use Act
and land matters should all be
dealt with as it affected Islam.

The Secretary-General of
the Nigerian Supreme Council
for Islamic Affairs (NSCTA).
Alhaji Ibrahim Dasuki.
Baraden Sokoto. noted that
the Ulama instead of joining
hands to fight the detractors of
Islam. were busy fighting
each other over the interpreta-
tion each of them gave to
issues in Islam.

Alhaji Ibrahim expressed
concern on how some of these

19274
CSO: 3400/325

Ulama: labelled and even
called those who disagreed
with their interpretation as
‘unbelievers’’.

He observed that there was
nobody among them who
could claim to know
everything which Islam had
laid down and who could say
his interpretation was the
most authentic and the correct
one.

He said the situation wor-
ried the Jama‘atu  Nasril
Islam (JNT) which was trving
to see that the Wama and
muslims in this country were
united.

The Baraden Sokoto said the
best way to resolve this dif-
ference was for the ulamas to
accept that no one person
among them could claim to
know everything.

He said they should study
and follow. only what they
knew and direct any question
(atawa) which they lacked
knowledge in, to the person
who knew and who could only
give a better interpretation

President of the council. Dr.
Hassan Gwarzo, the Grand
Khadi of Kano State. noted
with concern how Islam was
suppressed and muslims were
forced to accept the values
systems alien to their way
and against the Ista
prudence. .

He said muslims must be
allowed to worship freely and

apply the Sharia in every.

aspect of their lives without
exceptions “because this is
what the sharia stands for.”
Dr. Gwarzo said) many
things which were detrimen-
tal to the survival of the coun-

51

NIGERIA

try occurred because the
sharia law was not applied

He called on the council to
ensure that total war was wag-
ed against adultery,
alcoholism and usury and
other vices.

He said Prophet Mohamm-
ed enjoined all muslims, to be
united and those in dispute
were reminded that “the peo-
ple who come before us were
destroved because they were
unable o unite.”

The Chairman and Chief Ex-
ecutive of Concord Press of
Nigeria alhaji Moshood
Abiola. Baba Adini of
Yorubaland. reminded the
ulama_ that when Prophet
Mohammed died. the leader
ship of Islam was left in the
hands of the ulama
aid if the ulama did not,
mong themselves. thev
confused the followers like me
who always got seriously em-
barrassed by unnecessary
disagreements

sin the battle
line during the constituent
assembly in 1979 and he saw
the type of forces against
Islam in Nigeria.

He said “we can defeat that
force if we follow what Allah
says in Koran and the Prophet
in the Hadith”, adding that
“there is only one Koran and
Hadith. There can be inter-
pretation in one form or the
other but there has never been
a duplicate of any of those two
documents.””

He appealed to the ulama to
come together.

A communique after the
conference is being expected.



SOUTH AFRICA

STATUS OF TRANSKEI AS INDEPENDENT HOMELAND ANALYZED ON 10TH ANNIVERSARY

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 24-30 Oct 86 p 14

{Commentary by Patrick Laurence]
[Text]

TEN years ago, on October 26, 1976, Transkei
became the first of. South Africa’s nominally”
sovereign black. states, sparking vigorous
controversy over its decision to opt for
independence from Pretoria.

The debate centred on the question of whether
Transkei would become a lever with which to pry
loose the racial laws South Africa or whether it
would end up as a buttress propping up white
hegemony in South Africa.

Today the debate is over. Transkei is a South
African satellite. Its rulers are dependent on South
Africa for financial survival and, in turn, exercise
control over their fiefdom which is consistent with
the interests of their counterparts in Pretoria.

On the eve of Transkei independence, Chief
Kaiser Matanzima, the man who led the drive to
independence, proclaimed that an. independent
Transkei would allow the outlawed African
National Congress and Pan-Africanist Congress to
establish offices. .

South Africa’s banned black nationalist
organisations would be free to campaign
politically — but not violently — for the
“liberation” of South Africa, he told the Kenyan
newspaper, Daily Nation.

Today the ANC and PAC are proscribed in
Transkei.

They are not alone on-the list of banned
organisations. Dozens share that status with them.
Many, like the Methodist Church of South Africa,
are strongly committed to non-violence.

‘Transkei’s list of banned organisations includes
most of the trenchant but still lawful political foes
of the South African state: the United Democratic
Front, the Azanian People’s Organisation, the SA
Council of Churches and, at one stage, Inkatha, to
name a few.

Transkei’s budgetary dependence on South
Africa is almost total. When it became

93

independent in 1976, 80 percent of its funds came
from South Africa. After 10 years of supposed
independence, its financial dependence on South
‘Africa is still high, amounting, directly and
indirectly, to more than 60 percent.

Transkei’s income is distributed very unevenly,
with a small elite — the “beneficiaries of
independence” in Roger Southall’s phrase —
appropriating a major share.

According to research conducted by the
Transkei-based Institute of Management and
Development Studies, the wealthiest 20 percent of
families account for 60 percent of the income -
while the share of the poorest 20 percentis less
than four percent.

The richest five percent of families enjoy a
quarter of the total income.

High of the list of beneficiaries of independence
are the Matanzima brothers, Kaiser and George.
Kaiser was Transkei’s first Prime Minister and is
its immediate past president. George is the current
Prime Minister.

Apart from their relatively high salaries —
Kaiser at one stage earned more than the South
African Prime Minister, who headed a much
bigger and richer polity — both acquired farms
and shares iri businesses in the post-independence
decade.

Their wealth and that of their acolytes contrasts
starkly with the poverty of the vast majority of
their subjects. Nearly two-thirds of Transkei
households earn less than R1 500 per annum or
Jess than the annual Household Subsistence Level
(HSL) for South Africa’s four supposedly
independent states calculated by the University of
Port Elizabeth’s Institute for Planning Research.

Transkei’s poor are heavily dependent on the
remittances of migrant labour. Their position has
not improved under independence. Remittances
account for nearly 70 percent of the income of
households below the HSL.



EFFORTS AT IMPROVED AGRICULTURAL VARIETIES DETAILED
Kaduna SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN in English 28 Sep 86 pp 1, 5

{Article by Clement Unegbu]

[Text]

CURRENT efforts by
governments in the country
towards increasing food pro-
duction have received a big
boost.

This follows recent. break-
throughs by indigenous
research institutes which have
now developed several high
yield and disease-resistant
crops.

The facts about the research
findings were made available
to the Sunday New Nigerian by
the Ministry of Science and
Technology which is the
supervising ministry.

SNN learnt that the National
Root Crops Kesearch Institute
(NRCRI), Umudike, has
developed five varieties of
yams that are expected to be
tolerant to diseases like yam
blight. All the varieties have
been tested and found to be
high yielding.

Further researches by the
institute are reported to have
resulted in the discovery of six
varieties of cocoyams said to
be resistant to certain
diseases and pests.

The source revealed that
NRCRI has now come up with
about a dozen varieties of
cassava which are highly
tolerant of cassava mealybug
and green spidersmite, the two
pests that have beenTMbehind
the destruction of tonnes of the
root crops annually.

19274
CSO: 3400/323

Two other varieties of
cassava are reported:to have
been discovered by the Kainji
Lake Research Institute
(KLRI), New Bussa.

The two institutes — NRCRI
and KLRI — between them
have also developed 20
varieties of Irish. and sweet
potatoes.

Experiments on increase of
rice production has led resear-
ches at the National Cereal
Research Institute, ICRI
and KLRI, to the development
of nine varieties” of rice.

The Institute of Agricultural
Research, (IAR) Samaru-
Zaria, is credited with the
discovery of 10 different
varieties of guinea corn
(sorghum) whose yield is
said to be 112 per cent above
other varieties being planted
in the area. .

It was learnt that the new
varieties are suitable for the
sahel, Sudan Savaraa and the
northern areas of Nigeria in
addition to the fact that they
are all resistant to striga, a
disease that has been ravag-
ing the crops.

Also developed, according
to our sources are 20 yarieties
of cowpeas which are reported
to be not only high yielding but
also resistant to pests and
diseases,

The discoveries were made
by NCRI, Ibadan, IAR, Zaria,
and KLRI, Kainji respective-

72

NIGERIA

ly.
According to SNN sources,
NCRI, KLRI and IAR have
successfully developed 20
varieties of high-yield maize.

Other high-yielding crops
discovered by the institutes
are 12 varieties of soyabeans
by IAR and nine varieties of
groundnut by [AR and KLRt
respectively. The discoveries
also cover.” tea, cocoa, oil
palm, kola and coffee as well
as tomatoes and okra among
others.

Speaking on the activities of
the 23 research institutes
under his ministry, the
Minister of Science and
Technology, Professor Em-
manuel Emovon, said that
their efforts were aimed at
making Nigeria self-sufficient
in food production.

On the yearly wastage of
foodstuffs involved in their
movement from the farms to
consumers, the minister an-
nounced a range of storage
structures for housewives,
farmers and industrialists
which had been designed for
the conservation of food items
to prevent further wastage.

He also announced that the
research institutes had
developed various mechanical
devices for the purpose of
“promoting efficiency and
removing druggery in the
agricultural sector."


of secondary banking institutions and their growing liquidity
problems in recent years.

@ Betnwel Gechaga, the chairman of British American Tobacco
(BAT). He is a nominated member of parliament.

@ Peter Nyakimo, former chief executive of Barclay’s Bank
(Kenya) before becoming a minister in the president’s office,
and subsequently minister of health. “

@ Justice Matthew Guy Muli, one of Kenya’s first African
judges, appointed in 1983.

@ Harry Mule, permanent secretary in the ministry of finance.
He is considered the leading financial expert in the civil
service,

© E. K. Cheserem, the chief accountant of East Africa Indus-
tries and a director of the Central Bank. He has a particularly
good knowledge of the private sector.

One of the main tasks of the SIC is to advise the
managers who have been installed in the failed
companies by the Central Bank. In practice, this will
mean dealing with the receivers on behalf of the
defaulting companies. The Central Bank has also
been asked to examine surviving institutions to
ensure that there are no further bankruptcies.

The government now has to weigh carefully the
political and financial implications of its position. It
has the means to destroy other financial companies,
many of them Kikuyu-run, by ordering parastatal
companies and savings institutions to transfer their
accounts or call in their loans. Against this is the
financial danger of further collapse. We believe that,
now that the president has made his point to the
Kikuyu business community, he will act to support
the country’s financial structure wholeheartedly.

The recent wave of bank failures started with the
Continental Bank of Kenya. \t had overstretched its
resources during the last year and had stayed in
business by borrowing from the Central Bank. It
had incurred debts of 257 million shillings when
the central bank stopped lending any more. When
customers of the Continental Bank of Kenya went
to withdraw funds on Friday 4 July 1986, they
found that the bank had suspended operations. The
government-owned Kenya Commercial Bank at once
refused to accept cheques drawn on accounts held
at the Continental Bank of Kenya.

Meanwhile, Continental Credit Finance had lost
25 million shillings which it had loaned to the defunct
Rural Urban, besides owing 75 million shillings to
the NSSF. When it was known that these two inter-
related companies were in difficulties, there was an
immediate rush for repayment by the public. More
seriously, major parastatal companies were ordered
by their managers to withdraw their funds and place
them elsewhere.

By early August, both Continental companies had
been placed in the hands of the official receiver. It
is notable that a bid to save the two companies by
a consortium of Kikuyu businessmen was turned
down by the Central Bank, almost certainly under

33



"AKINYEMI DOCTRINE’ ON FOREIGN POLICY ANALYZED

Kaduna SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN in English 28 Sep 86 p 3

[Article by Mohammed Haruna]

[Text]

- PROFESSOR Bolaji
Akinyemi, the Minister of
Foreign Affairs, is a man to be
admired for his intellect and
staying power. In these days
of professorship by indigenisa-
tion, academic titles may not
necessarily attest to one’s in-
tellectual depth, but no one
who has kept a tab on our
ign policy in the last 15

years or so, will doubt that
Akinyemi is a leader among
those who profess interna-
on tai ‘er, hi

- As for his staying power, his
record eight years at the
Nigerian Institute of Interna-
tional . Affairs, is sufficient
testimony. Before him, that
foreign policy brain trust was
more like a theatre of musical
chairs than anything else. If
fyrther evidence was needed

at the man was not easily.
shoved aside, it lay in his new
job. Twice now, word had gone
round that he was being eased
out, but at the end of it all, and
in spite of a few powerful
generals, both serving and
retired that he had offended,
the man is still sitting pretty
at Foreign Affairs.

Clearly, the words of person
of Akinyemi’s intellect and
staying er is not to be snif-
fed at. Certainly not when he
is mending the foreign affairs
store. That is why. his Gold
Medal Lecture-at Eko Holiday
Inn on September 17 is our
subject this morning.

In the course of the lecture.
Akinyemi, after defining
Nigeria’s national interest and
the guiding principles for pur-
suing those interests, dwelt on
several of the instruments for
our foreign policy. He discuss-
ed ECOWAS, the OAU, the
Commonwealth, Non-Aligned
Movement (NAM) and the

UN.

In talking about principles.
he, of course, reiterated his
now famous doctrine of

-reciprocity.

A critical analysis of each
out of these, would require
greater space than this column
has. I will therefore focus on
only two aspects of his speech
‘nd even then, my comments
will be broad. These-aspects,
are one each of principle and
instrument. The principle is
the “Akinyemi Doctrine” and
the instrument is his proposal
for a Concert of Medium
Powers which, as far as I can

see, is a variation of the in--

strument of Non-Alignment.
First the “Akinyemi Doc
trine.” Readers may recall the
hea'‘ed controversy which the
Minister aroused when he first
stated that doctrine in March,
following America’s naval ex-
ercises in the Gulf of Sidra, off
the Libyan coast. Readers will
also recall the more heated
controversy that followed his
restatement of that doctrine at
the Kuru Conference on
Foreign Policy in April, again

45

NIGERIA

just about the. time the
Americans were dropping
bombs on Libya.

While many said he must go,
others thought the man was
dead on course.

At the time of the controver-
sy, Akinyemi defined his doc-
trine thus: “If we owe a
responsibility to stand for and
respond to Africa, we are ow-
ed an obligation to, be con-
sulted when situation allows
for consultation.”

During the Gold Medal Lec-
ture, he re-stated this. “Not to
consult Nigeria,” he said,
“but to expect its support, is to
take Nigeria-for granted...
Nigeria... will not be taken for
granted.”

Those who have argued that
Akinyemi is dead on course
are of course dead right. No
self-respecting nation will
allow itself to be taken for
granted. Even then some of us
took umbrage not so much at
the doctrine, as at the context
in which Akinyemi stated it.
Given the context of first,
American harassment of and
subsequently, the bombing of
Libya, it was obvious that
Akinyemi was hiding behind
what was obviously a sound
doctrine to justify our initial
silence at America’s un-
justifiable brigandage against
a small nation. Gaddafi was,
after all, no more terrorist
than the next man:.a Kiss-
inger’s study on the subject



19274
csor

3400/338

Laurent Fabius. It is not clear whether
those technicians are still in South
Africa.

Is it French participation that made it
possible for South Africa to proudly
unveil its new combat helicopter —
The ALPHA XH-1, on March 8? This
was followed in July by the unveiling of
yet another combat aircraft, the
“CHEETAH” fighter-jet, an advanced
model based on the French MIRAGE
111 and the Israel KFIR. Prime Minis-
ter P. W. Botha said at the unveiling
that this was a proof that South Africa
could withstand any sanctions the
world might wish to impose on his
country — and beat them.

With whose help?

114



PROFESSOR ENDORSES LIBYAN-STYLE ‘SHURA

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 22 Sep 86 p 1

{Article by Shehu G, Durbunde]

[Text]

THE Deputy Vice-
Chancellor of Bayero
University, Kano Pro-
fessor Muhammad Sani
Zahraddeen has urged
all muslims in the world
to adopt the Libyan
Arab Jamahiriyya’s ex-
ample of implementing
the ‘Shura’? (Con-
sultation) in all issues
affecting them. .

Professor Zahrad-

19274

cso: 3400/325

deén made the call last
Monday while deliver:
ing his address as the
leader - pf . the 29-
member’ Nigeria.
delegation to the 6-day,
third General Congress
of the World Islamic
Call Society at Tripoli,
Libya.

He also urged all
Muslims irrespective of
ideological differences
to come to the defence
and propagation of

50

Islam.

Also speaking
earlier, the Secretary-
General of the Islamic
Call Society, Dr. Ahm-
ed Muhammad Sherif
urged muslims to unite
to defend their religion.

Dr. Sherif
highlighted the purpose
of the conference,
which was to find ways
of advancing the cause
of Islam.

In this regard, the

NIGERIA

society, he’ contihued’
has been building
schools, colleges and
islamic centres all over
the world.

Also speaking at the
opening ceremony the
Director, Arab League
Educational, Scientific,
and Cultural Organisa-
tion (ALESCO) urged

-muslims to strive hard

to learn Arabic as the
lingua franca of ‘the
muslim world.



had ranked Libya way down
as number seven in the hierar-
chy of so-called terrorist-
nations. .
What Akinyemi was saying
in effect then was that Gaddafi
did not consult us before the
Gulf of Sidra incident and
could therefore, not expect our
support during and after the
incident. It is a funny logic. Its
hollowness is demonstrated by
a distinction Akinyemi tries to
make between support for the
Gaddafis when they are ag-
pressed and support for the
‘rontline States. ‘“Nigeria’s!
obligations to the’ Frontline

States and the liberation
movements in southern

Africa’, he said, ‘‘are’

perhaps, the singular excep-
tions to our new emphasis on
reciprocity in our inter-
national relations. Our com-
mitment... is total and un-
conditional... Indeed it is a
basic tenet of our fundamental
law.”

Akinyemi then proceeds to
quote section 19 of our con-
stitution which says, “The
state shall mote African
unity... and shall combat
racial discrimination in all its
manifestations.”

If one may ask, how does
discrimination against Libya.
presumably on account that it
is not black, at the same
time promote African
unity? How many black
African countries can boast of
anything near Libya’s creden-
tials as a committed fighter of
apartheid, Africa’s number
one man-made scourge? Or.
what grounds then should we
wait for an aggressed African
country, black or Arab, to con-
sult us first before we go to its
support?

In any case if we are taken

for granted not only by Libya .

but also by black nations, in
spite of our population and
wealth, does that not s
volumes of our approach to
foreign policy? Should we not
ask whether the millions of
hard currency we say we
spend for liberation, really
reach the liberation forces?
Because that could be one ex-
planation for the contempt
with which we are regarded.

I agree with Akinyemi that
ve must insist on reciprocity
in our foreign relations. But

19274
cso: 3400/321

that, in turn, mearis we too
must EARN respect. You
don’t do that by simply throw-
ing money around. That can
‘only make us look like the fool
who is soon parted with his
money. The only way we can
earn respect is by
demonstrating a sincerity and
oneness of pi .

This was lacking even dur-
ing Murtala’s time. As
Akinyemi himself knows too
well, those with deep-seated
mistrust of radical «forces
have always held sway at
Foreign Affairs, and have ten-
ded to seek to frustrate the
radical elements. in our
foreign policy. In Angola, for
instance, General Joseph
Garba was hardly enamoured
of MPLA. preferring instead a
so-called government of na-
tional unity and the Angolans
knew it. In Zimbabwe, Nigeria
under General Obasanjo, was
for a long time hostile to
Mugabe and supportive of
Nkomo. presumably on ac-
count that the British prefer-
red him.

If we may now move to
Akinyemi’s ‘‘Concert of
Medium Powers.” This pro-
posal is hardly original. As far
back as 1975, Dr. Mahmud
Tukur, a former Vice-
Chancellor of Bayero Univer-
sity, had suggested this to a
Commission on Foreign
Policy, headed by Professor
Adebayo Adedeji of the
Economic Commission for
Africa. Tukur had suggested
that the “Concert” comprise
Nigeria, Brazil, Indonesia,
Tran (at the time under the
Shah) and Saudi Arabia.
Akinyemi, who though not
originating the idea, is its
most persistent protagonist,
has expanded it to include
Sweden, Austria, Australia,
Argentina, Yugoslavia, India,
and Algeria (see his
“Farewell to Policy”, NIIA
Lecture Series No. 35). He has
further increased the number
from ‘12 to 16” in his Gold
Medal lecture without
however, naming the addi-
tional countries.

Akinyemi. just justifies the
“Concert” on the grounds that
the Non-Aligned Movement
has since lost its bite. “The
Non-Aligned Movement
itself”, he said, “has now
become too large to deal effec-:
tively with many of the pro-
blems with which the interna-
tional community is con-

46

fronted.”

Straight away, I must say, I
find it hard to believe that the
“Concert” will serve any
useful purpose other than as a
counter-poise to NAM which
the West sees now as being too
aligned in favour of the East.
Look at the composition.of the
“Concert”. Of all the lot, only
Yugoslavia is truly non-
aligned. India and Algeria are
relatively independent but
their economies are depen-
dent on the West and at the
end of the day that is what
really counts.

Even -Yugoslavia is looked
upon favourably by the West,
because it has rejected.
classical Marxism. What we
see then in the “Concert” is
basically an alignment of
countries that are either
themselves already Western
(Austria, Australia, Sweden),
or those that are in its orbit.

The most striking thing
about the “Concert” clearly is
the omission of such countries
as Cuba and Iran who seem to
have successfully defied the
West. That omission is hardly
inadvertent. Akinyemi’s
criteria for membership is a
state ‘‘which has,a_ high
degree of regional influence
and prestige, and which shows
a strong commitment to non-
alignment or neutrality in in-
ternational affairs.” Surely
Cuba and Iran have regional
influence and surely Iran and
even Cuba with all its pro-
Moscow image demonstrate a
large degree of independence.

How come then they are not
included? So the most
charitable thing one could say
about Akinyemi’s “Concert”
is that it is the answer of those:
with Western sympathies to
the necessarily anti-Western
rhetoric of NAM. A less
charitable view will be that,
the “Concert” is a self-serving |
arrangement. ‘‘Nigerian’
membership of such a gather-,
ing,” said Akinyemi in the.
NIIA Series 35 lecture “could
provide the much needed
avenue for the pent-up
energies of its foreign policy
elite at present bored and
frustrated by some of the pet-
tiness in intra-African rela-
tions.”


MASHONALAND GOVERNOR OUTLINES PROVINCE'S PLANS

Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 12 Oct 86 p 11

ZIMBABWE

[Report on interview with Mashonaland governor Joseph Kaparadza by
Tendayi Nyakunu; date and place not given]

[Text]

THE Mashonaland Central Provincial Governor,
Cde Joseph Kaparadza, would tike to see unity
among the masses in Zimbabwe in order to
help speed up the effective implementation of

the country’s Five-
Year Development
Plan.

In an interview with
The Sunday Mail, Cde
Kaparadza said: “This
would obviously speed up
the process of bringing
about a on y state,
which, once established.
within the Zimbabwean
context, should in turn
speed up the effective
establishment of develop
ment planning to streng-
then the implementation
of all segments of the
Five-Year Development
Plan.”

‘The 37-year-old Govern-
or who is married with
five children — two boys
and three girls — said
that the five-year plan ror
his province woul@ call
for the spending of $155
millicn if it were to he
successfully implemented.

Cde Kaparacza who
was born in the Dzveke
area of the Dotito com-
munal lands. had his tirst
brush with politics in the
early 1960s when he wa9
still a pupil at a boarding
school, through fluence
from community elders.

“I became politically
active in 1968 soon alter
my ‘O’ levels when I was
teaching in the Mount
Darwin area and became

involved in the. recruit-
ment of Zanu (PF)
cadres in the early 1970s.
I was then employed as a
council secretary of the

former Makusengwa.
(Rushinga) —  Dotito
(Darwin) council,” he

said.

‘Cde Kaparadza became
more involved in the
recruitment of cadres
when the North-East
operation zone was
opened and soon after
joined the mass mobilisa-
tion of the people in
preparation for the 1980

eneral elections, - in

hich he was chosen as
one of Zanu (PF’s) can-
didates for Mashonaland
Central constituency.
Two years later, he was
elected “the. - province's
chairman. That same
year he was appointed
Deputy Minister of Water
Resources) and De-
velopment.

In recognition of his
service to the party and
the province, Cde
Kaparadza was elected a
member of the ruling
party’s central committee
at the party’s historic
second congress held at
Borrowdale in Harare in
1984, He was appointed
Governor of Mashonaland
Central Province that
same year.

75

The e's annual
budget for the 1986-87
financial year is some $35
million, the buik of which
is to go towards the de-
velopment of agricul-
tui production which
Cde Kaparadza has. made
the priority development
area, followed by educa-
tion; energy, water
resources: and de-
velopment, agro-industrial
development, health and
social welfare, community
development and trans-
port and telecommunica-

tions,

“Education and em-
ployment are to be com-
bined if we are to develop
successfully. Therefore
we need income gene-
rating projects which
create employment for
the ever-increasing num-
bers of school-leavers, At
the same time, we need
to look at housing and
conservation, sports and
recreation if we are to
have a secure and healthy
province. Small-scale and
large-scale mining con-
cerns have to continue to
be developed in order to
enhance the general de-
velopment of the pro-
vince.”

Cde Kaparadza said
that the main constraints
facing the province,
whose major industry
was agriculture, was the
availability of equipment
uke tractors which were
needed to increase trac-
tor tillage units, ‘“wnich
are presently = in-
adeqaute”.



The authorities’ attitude to demands for legislation for the improvement of
working conditions for domestic workers was just one example, she said.

Government Accused

Accusing the Government of ignoring the representations by unions on the sub-
ject, Mrs Nhlapo said that despite the submission of a comprehensive memoran-
dum on the subject in 1984, the authorities had done nothing to improve the
status of domestic workers,

Every time the unions raised the matter with the Department of Manpower, they
were told that the matter was under consideration.

The Government, despite having since 1984 the report of a 1982 National Man-
power Commission investigation, had not introduced any legislation for domes-
tic workers,

Demands being made by Sadwa and other unions are:

--That domestics be covered by labour legislation which would make it possible
for them to qualify for benefits such as unemployment insurance and pension,

--A minimum wage of R200 plus an annual increment higher than the inflation
rate, This should also apply to gardeners,

--A month's notice before termination of service, plus annual bonus.

«cA 40-hour working week and two weekends off a month, with a weekend including
the period from Friday evening to Monday morning.

«-Maternity benefits ensuring that workers are paid for eight weeks before giv-
ing birth and for at least six weeks afterwards. Days off to attend ante-
natal clinics, Domestic workers should also be entitled to 14 days sick a year,
«The abolition of child labour.

Because of what she sees as unwillingness by the authorities to accede to these
demands, Mrs Nhlapo said negotiations with some employers, both on an individ-
ual and group level were in progress,

But success in such dealings depended on employer goodwill, While some employ~
ers were sympathetic, many were uncooperative.

Labour Laws

“Domestic workers’ rights are not protected by the country's labour laws and
most work under appalling conditions. In some cases their working day is
between 14 and 16 hours,

"Even in Johannesburg there are domestics earning R40 a month," said Mrs
Nhlapo,

85



The accumulated deficit at Cahora Bassa Hydroelectric is greater now than
that anticipated in 1975 and even at later dates, due in great part to the
severe damages inflicted upon the utility's high voltage lines over the last
few years. Most of these have, in fact, been calmly claimed by the Lisbon
representatives of RNM-Mozambican National Resistance, or RENAMO, an
organization openly supported by South Africa.

The Portuguese authorities’ negligence with respect to RENAMO is
indescribable. This disregard has been blatant for many years, even after
becoming quite evident that the sabotage of Cahora Bassa was causing severe
damage to the political and economic plans and interests of the Portuguese
government. Portugal owns 81.66 percent of the equity in Cahora Bassa
Hydroelectric.

The Zambeze River project is today, for some, an intolerable ideological white
elephant, to be eliminated at all cost. For others, however, it still
represents a ray of hope.

And in the meantime, everything appears to be, in fact, prematurely lost.

For more than a year some 500 high voltage structures knocked down in a single
strike have been under repair, in an area of approximately 300 kilometers

in Mozambican territory. The cost of materials alone for the reconstruction
is more than 1.5 billion escudos. This is occurring just at the time when
Portugal does not appear to be interested in new investments in the project
and Mozambique is combatting the torment of the drought and becoming the most
hunger-stricken country in Africa. The result: Cahora Bassa has been
practically paralyzed for more than a year, it being ever more evident that
the Mozambican government does not by itself have the resources to repair the
facility-its main source of industrial income. South Africa, naturally, is
in no hurry-if only because it produces sufficient energy on its own, although
not at a price as convenient as that obtained from Cahora Bassa.

The dead end is almost perfect and the security issue is the decisive

argument for doing nothing. It is significant, by the way, that on the
Portuguese side, no serious action at.the level of foreign policy has been
taken up till now. The Portuguese government does not appear to want to have
anything to do with reality, despite having titular legal majority in Cahora
Bassa Hydroelectric and despite the utility's being practically non-functioning
and without funds since August 1985.

Last week HCB President Castro Fontes traveled to Mozambique to meet with the
head of state of the RPM. Samora Machel, in his direct and inimitable

style, took advantage of the opportunity to remind him: "We do not wish for
Cahora Bassa to be a white elephant." And he explained, "Because a white
elephant has no ivory..." The. Portuguese administrator will be returning to
Lisbon with the mission of conveying that, in the eyes of Maputo,

"Mozambique and Portugal are responsible for the correct and complete
functioning of Cahora Bassa." Perfectly clear.

Machel was equally straightforward when, referring to Portugal, he said that

"the Mozambican government considers Cahora Bassa to be the high point of the
friendship between the two countries."

40


Squatter movements had emerged in Uitenhage, Cape Town, Brits, Soweto and now
in Tembisa. "We can expect similar kinds of squatter struggles to spread to
other communities as the state proceeds with its current orderly urbanisation
policies."

The report said that, in the case of Tembisa, the development board spent ren-
tal money on developing model townships such as Ekangela on the Far East Rand
and not on houses for the people Tembisa. Overcrowding had reached crisis pro-
portions in Tembisa and the 40,000 homeless in the township were building
shelters in backyards or were renting rooms and outbuildings.

The report said the TWC believed the solution lay in making available unoccupied
land in Tembisa for housing. This would allow people to stay in the township
instead of being relocated to outlying townships like Ekangela.

A spokesman for the Department of Constitutional Development and Planning denied
the statements that the government's urbanisation policies were aimed at forc-
ing poorer people to the outskirts of townships. He said evidence to the con-
trary could be found in the government's white paper on urbanisation.

On the claims that people in Tembisa had been waiting for up to 8 years for
houses, he said the development boards had been phased out and the matter now
fell under the aegies of the Tembisa local authority.

The spokesman said further comment could be obtained from the minister, Mr Chris
Heunis. However, Mr Heunis was in Cape Town and could not be reached at his
office there.

/12232
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110


SOUTH AFRICA

WINE PRODUCERS INCOME EXPECTED TO INCREASE DESPITE SMALLER CROP

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 22 Oct 86 p 9
{Article by Chris Cairncross]

(Text] The weakness in the market

TOTAL income of SA’s wine pro- «

ducers is ex
R300m this year com
last year’s R258m, says WV
man Pietman Hugo. .

This is despite the 1986 crop be-
ing about 8,5% smaller.

to approach
with
chair-

Hugo says the KWV is optimistic ~

its profits will at least match last
year’s R20,7m. This means the April
1987 pay-out to producers in the

distilling wine pool will equal this .
year’s Ri

0m bonus.

A further supplement y-out
‘on the 1986 ditilling boat also
likely during January.

Hugo says the smaller has
resulted in a shift in income distri-
bution between the various wine
districts, with earnings expected
be considerably higher for produc-
ers in the Robertson, Orange River,
Olifants River, Montagu and
Worcester areas.

Less successful districts are
Malmesbury, Paarl and Stellen-

where income declines will
be 10,5%, 4,4% and 4,2% respective-
ly.

Although the industry’s earnings
are up generally, farmers remain
concerned at the poor level of de-
mand from SA consumers.

Hugo says; “The market is stag-
nating and, to make it worse for

producers, input costs are rising

rapidly.”

The demand for natural wine has .

shown no increase for some time,

and even flavoured wine, which has

enloyed rapid market growth over
eral »

1986 years, a decline in

Only the sparkling wine market
has shown any signs of strengthen-
ing, with marginal also re-
flected in the fortified and brandy
markets.

Hugo stresses combined efforts
of the entire w wine industry are ne-
cessary to si ite and expand the
domestic market.

He says; “It is the only solution to
the industry’s problems.”

dlace has ited farmers from
naking price adjustments to com
pensate, in part, for i
escalating costs of fae Spats,
which were indexed at about 23%
this year. .
of profit margin, with te industry
fit margins, wit in
earning a net return on capital of
between 6% to 7%, compared with-
last year’s 11%.
Hugo says strong aj have
make to the to improve
producer prices at all the district
conferences held over the past two
weeks to discuss the industry's af-
fairs.

He indicates the KWV intends to
res; tically,

Clines to Glaborate on any possible
price adjustments.

After careful evaluation over t the

year, several changes are
Let to the wine-of-origin system,
which has been in operation for
about 13 years.

Some of these changes are likely
to involve the restructuring of the
Wine and Spirits Board, decentra-
lising many of its functions to re-
gional committees that will be giv-
en the freedom to act more
autonomously.

The aim, too, is to introduce more
flexibility into the regulations gov-
erning judging and marketing of
wines. _

19274
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119



JPRS-SSA-86-117

25 NOVEMBER 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS
ANGOLA
Lisbon Correspondent Visits UNITA Camp, Interviews Savimbi
(Antonio Duarte; O JORNAL, 26 Sep 86) ....
Action at Front
Interview With Savimbi
KENYA
Bank Failures: Moi's Opportunity To Weaken Kikuyu Influence
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 3 Sep 86) ..cccccecccccccccccccccves
LIBERIA
Liberia Oil Company Venture Cancelled
(AFRICA ECONOMIST DIGEST, 27 Sep 86) .
MOZAMBIQUE
Max du Preez Recalls MNR's 'Unsavory' Past
(Max du Preez; BUSINESS DAY, 23 Oct 86) ..e.sseecesceveees
Inactivity of Cahora Bassa Dam Creates ‘White Elephant'
(Carlos Vargas; TAL & QUAL, 26 Sep 86) ..sccssuccccceeeces
NIGERIA

Babangida on Self-Reliance in Defence Production
(NEW NIGERIAN, 23 Sep 86) ....+ee-

Nation Wooed for Military/Tech Transfer Value at Air Show
(THE AFRICAN GUARDIAN, 9 Oct 86) .....

‘Akinyemi Doctrine’ on Foreign Policy Analyzed
(Mohammed Haruna; SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN, 28 Sep 86) .....+0-

, jit an

31

36

37

39

42

43

45



SOUTH AFRICA

NGK MEMBERS OPPOSE DECISION TO OPEN CHURCH TO ALL
MBO11832 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1826 GMT 1 Nov 86

[Text] Pretoria, 1 November, SAPA--Members of the NG [Dutch Reformed] Church
who are dissatisfied with the synodal decision to open the church to all races
are planning coordinated action to support their views.

A few hundred NG Church members from all parts of the country held a meeting
in Verwoerdburg, Pretoria, today to discuss their objection to various deci~
sions taken at the recent NG synod in Cape Town and agreed to hold a mass meet-
ing on 28 November to plan a response.

Dr W.J.G. Lubbe, an NGK [Dutch Reformed Church] elder, and chairman of a study
committee elected at today's meeting, said in a statement to SAPA that the de-
cision to open the church to all races was among the most important grievances
discussed.

There was also "much unhappiness" about the synod's decision that priests from
the different NG churches, such as the NG Sendingkerk [Dutch Reformed Mission
Church] and the NG Kerk in Afrika, [Dutch Reformed Church in Africa] could serve
in each other's congregations.

Other points about which there was dissatisfaction were the decision that ser-
vices of the church should be open to all and that church unity should cut
across racial barriers.

The statement said the meeting had decided to appoint the study committee to
formulate and motivate members' grievances and to contact other members country-
wide to record their dissatisfaction.

The committee would also have to make recommendations to the meeting on
28 November, which would then decide on coordinated action. A venue had not

yet been decided on.

Dr Lubbe said the committee would obtain advice on grievances from church and
other sources and pass this on to members.

It was also responsible for opening an office and obtaining a telephone and
post box for the study committee. :

103



Association were the only senior ‘staff
associations affiliated with the NLC at the
time. That was why the decree was ade-
quately interpreted by Adeogun as a clamp-
down on university lecturers, who were
alleged to have influenced students of ABU.

The effect of decree 17 is, however, still
debatable. Source close to the labour
unions said NASU and the National
Union of Shop and Distributive Trade
Employees, NUSDE, both junior workers
union, had earlier protested the inclusion
of their senior colleagues in the same con-
gress with them. Moreso, the two senior
staff associations are said to have caused
friction in the congress. Ali Chiroma has
protested the removal of the senior staff
associations, but that according to
Seyi Adekeye, became necessary because
he feared that another congress of senior
staff associations, Federated Senior Staff
Association of Nigeria, FESSAN, cur-
rently gaining momentum, may pose a
threat to the unity of workers in the coun-

try.

Although the NLC may now be pro-
testing the decrees which muscle the con-
gress, the NLC had for long played into
the hands of the federal government.
‘While the federal government was reeling
out draconian decrees against workers
from 1984, the NLC was looking for
money from all sources, including the

19274
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63

federal government, to sponsor tne ill-
fated conference of the Organisation of
African Trade Union: Unity, OATUU, in
Lagos. It was a stick and a carrot game.
The government gave money to the NLC
but it was busy issuing decrees 16 and 17
of 1984 both of which put workers’ in-
terest on the tip of a needle. Decree 16 for-
bids a worker from taking government to
court even if he was retired illegally while
Decree 17 prevents a worker from fighting
for his compensations if he is retired at a
time the government did not feel obliged
to pay. The NLC died long ago with this
decrees according to Adeogun, who said
the decree that banned senior staff
association from NLC merely came to at-
tend its burial. It was these decrees that
David Mark used in killing workers strike
in Niger State. David Jang, then of Benue
State and Michael Akhigbe, formerly of
Ondo, only failed to achieve the same
results because workers in those states
learnt some lessons from the failure of
their counterpart in Niger State. Even
then, thousands of Ondo workers even-
tually fell under the sledge hammer
recently. The NLC is in dire need of
coherence. It can put its house in order by
stopping all its internal rivalry,
dependence on government for funds and
selfish interests manifested in their leaders’
attempt to please their external sponsors
in the east and the west for financial gain.



DEFIANT YOUTH CORPERS INCUR NEW MINISTER'S WRATH

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 29 Sep 86 p 24

{Text]

19274
cso:

3400/322

(7 OUTH: corps: meni-

bers — undergoing
their orientation course at’
the Federal College of
Education _ (Technical),
Akoka- — Yaba; Lagos,

are to spend extra one it

week at the camp.
An order to this effect

directive after the corpers
had refused to do their
drills in his presence
without any reasons.
Stunned by this act of
indiscipline_ exhibited by
some of the corps
members, Commodore

The minister later
jogged with the corpers
before he left.

49

NIGERIA



SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY SCORES KAUNDA'S CONTEMPT FOR MACHEL INVESTIGATION
MB030836 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 3 Nov 86
[Station commentary]

[Text] South Africa's concern for ensuring that absolute neutrality and im-
partiality will be observed with the analysis of the flight recorder of the
aircraft in which President Samora Machel of Mozambique died is understandable
in the light of the on-going campaign to implicate the country in his death.

Such is the level of this campaign that there has been a suggestion that Presi~
dent Machel had survived the crash and had died some hours later as a result of
having received no medical attention. The autopsy report shows this to be ab-
solutely false. Professor J.P. Nel, Professor of forensic medicine at the
University of Natal, who conducted autopsies on the deceased passengers of the
aircraft, has confirmed that President Machel died instantly from multiple
fractures of the skull and chest and abdominal injuries. He conducted the
autopsies in Maputo, in the presence of Mozambican forensic experts.

Despite this, and the fact ‘that South Africa, Mozambican, and Soviet experts
have been conducting intensive investigations into the cause of the crash,
African leaders have taken it upon themselves to blame South Africa. In the
forefront of this chorus is President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia. While Mozam-
bican authorities must wait for the outcome of the official investigation, he
said, other Frontline member states have already made their positions clear.
There was enough circumstantial evidence for us to hold South Africa directly
responsible, he said.

Only an extremely hostile layman would presume to place himself above expert
opinion. The fact is that the cause of the crash is being thoroughly investi-
gated by experts from the three countries involved--South Africa, Mozambique,
and the Soviet Union-~and everything is being done to ensure that the findings
are totally impartial. This is no time for emotional outsiders to vent their
hostility or display their contempt for correct procedure.

/12232
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98


bring the conflict. to an end, nor can the American, the Russian, the Cuban. So
they should help to create this atmosphere of dialogue, but it should be the
Angolans who do the talking.

Question: Is this, then, the only condition that UNITA imposes for a dialogue
with the MPLA?

Answer: We have set no other condition. We just want the MPLA to make a state-
ment, with the same courage that we have shown, that they are prepared to talk
with us about ending the conflict.

Question: What results have come of the conversations that have already taken
place between members of UNITA arid the MPLA?

Answer: We cannot call them conversations. There have been contacts. There
have’ been contacts between the two parties to feel out the ground, to learn
each other's intentions. These contacts are continuing.

Portugal. Also Responsible

Question: Do you think Portugal could play some role in the Angolan peace pro-
cess?

Answer: We don't think we can exaggerate here. We want Portugal, first, to as-
sume its full and historical role. Portugal was a colonial power and we
signed the Alvor accords with Portugal--accords that have not been honored.
There are several explanations: Portugal had experienced a revolution and I

am going to accept all that. But Portugal is morally responsible for what is
happening in Angola. If Portugal can maintain contacts with the parties in
conflict, this is already good faith. In the conflict in southern Africa, the
only former colonial power which knows the facts about the area is England.

But England is not passing on the information about what is happening in Zim-
babwe, in Zambia, in South Africa.

Question: Not passing it on to whom?

Answer: It is not giving it to the Americans. The English are cynics. With
regard to Angola, Portugal knows all about what is going on here. Portugal
knows the strength and the organization of the ethnic groups, it knows the ge-
ography; it knows all about Angola. So, by maintaining contact with the war-
ring parties, Portugal could facilitate an understanding of the conflict. Be-
cause there are people who are not informed about the conflict: they think it
is limited to the MPLA, UNITA, Russia, Cuba, South Africa, the United States.
This is not so. The situation in Angola is much more complex; it has its own
dynamic, and Portugal could help the interveners to understand what the con-
flict is all about. There, Portugal could be very useful. At the same time,
Portugal should always bear in mind that it is also responsible for what is
happening here. It is not responsible to the point of having to settle ac~
counts with the Angolan people; it is responsible for having seen the tragedy
happen; it knows Angola better, it could explain better what is happening in
this country.

23



Europe and in Africa. And it certainly had a huge impact on the South Afri-
cans. But we did not have to explain to the South Africans what we are doing.

Question: Did the Americans offer you more than the South Africans have al-
ready offered?

Answer: Well, I must say that it is not just the South Africans and the Amer-
icans here... There is Saudi. Arabia, the Moroccans,..other countries which are
helping us. We think that UNITA must earn the aid. We should not become
accustomed to receiving aid. We should earn it. Atyone who believes that our
battle against the Cuban Spaniards has some value, that individual can help
us. Some help us more, because they have more; others give us less aid, be-
cause they have less to give. But even if it's only a scholarship for a stu-
dent, it will. be helpful to us.

Question: Are you aware that the American Government's support to UNITA could
turn the internal Angolan conflict into a conflict between great powers?

Answer: It is internationalized.  UNITA's weakness, up to now, was that the
Americans were not at our side. Because the MPLA put the Cubans--whom we are
now calling the Spaniards....

Question: Why?
Answer: Because they are Spanish.
Question: You don't like the Spaniards?

Answer: The Spaniards of Cuba are racists. We, who attack the racism in South
Africa, cannot refrain from ‘attacking the Spanish racist, which is what Fidel
Castro is: “I know the history of Cuba, much better than he thinks. When I
was in Switzerland, as a student, I followed Fidel Castro's revolution, with
great passion.

Question: Dr Savimbi was a great admirer of Fidel Castro....

Answer: I had all his speeches. I met with Che Guevara. I know this man and

I know how many blacks fought. at-his side, for Fidel Castro. Later, how many
blacks did Fidel Castro place in the government? He only appointed one mu-
latto; Almeida. I know Costa Almeida. I know the history of Cuba. Castro is
a racist. Well, if Cuba represents itself as a revolutionary movement, a rev-
olutionary country, as it represented itself then, we could forgive certain as-
pects. But when it comes to Angola with the same leanings, we have to con-
clude: colonization always has negative features,but. we cannot, in any way, say
that the Portuguese people were racists, because’this is a lie. It is a lie
because you used to find a Portuguese merchant in the middle of the jungle,
living with the Africans. Now the Cuban Spaniards are bringing racism here.

They are in no position to attack the South African racists. You have to be
very familiar with the population in Cuba. Which is the larger percentage:

19



SOUTH AFRICA

METHODIST CHURCH SPLIT ON SANCTIONS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 Oct 86 p 2

[Text]

THE Methodist Church of SA
has resolved it cannot condemn
sanctions and disinvestment,
but remains divided on whether
to commend this form of eco-
nomic pressure as a strategy to
bring about change.

The Methodist conference in’

Maritzburg agreed yesterday that
sanctions and disinvestment were
already bringing about “a measure
of self-examination and re-assess-
ment which may yet lead to repen-
tance among privileged South Af-
Ticans”,

Methodists would be urged to
continue to search for other crea-
tive means of applying pressure on
government.

It declared further that govern-
ment, by its “stubborn refusal to

19274
csO: 3400/330

hear and respond to the Word of
God and the call of justice”, was
responsible for the gathering mo-
mentum of disinvestment and the
imposition of sanctions, “which
must now be regarded as part of
the judgment of God upon our
nation”.

The conference, which repre-
sents 2-million Methodists in
Southern Africa, said government
had the responsibility of taking the
necessary steps to lift sanctions
and halt disinvestment by immedi-
ately instituting those fundamen-
tal changes required to move SA
from oppression to full democracy
and justice.

The Church, it declared, had an
immense pastoral and caring task

102

concerning those who would inevi-:

tably suffer even more under sanc-
tions and disinvestment.

To this end, the conference in-
structed its christian citizenship
department, with all its circuits
and congregations, to initiate re-
lief and self-help programmes;
seek funding for those pro-
grammes both in SA and abroad;
urge its people to continue to
search for other creative means of
applying pressure on government,
investigate economic systems for
a post-apartheid society, and edu-
cate and prepare its people for
such a society.

Most of the debate on the contro-
versial issue was held in camera
because of fear that speakers
might contravene emergency reg-
ulations. :



BANK FAILURES:

MOI'S OPPORTUNITY TO WEAKEN KIKUYU INFLUENCE

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 3 Sep 86 pp 1-2

[Text]

Since June, two Kenyan banks and four credit com-
panies have collapsed. They have left a trail of
fraud and mismanagement which has shaken Kenya’s
financial world to its foundations. Among the six
financial institutions placed in the hands of the
government receiver are the country’s largest
indigenous bank, the Continental Bank of Kenya,
and its parent company, Continental Credit Finance
Limited.

The real cause of the banking crisis has become
apparent. Greedy chairmen and directors of grossly
under-capitalised companies had loaned themselves
money on favourable terms, while their companies
had kept inaccurate accounts. Then, when their
creditors became alarmed and tried to retrieve their
money, the dishonest financiers tried desperately to
borrow from other institutions, thus advertising their
difficulties to the whole financial community. Expa-
triate banks demanded the repayment of loans by
suspect borrowers, and the Kenyan Central Bank
refused to bail out organizations that it considered
beyond salvation.

Individual depositors then panicked and besieged
banks to demand repayment. Kenya’s entire banking
structure came close to collapse, as one company’s
failure led to another in a chain reaction. It also
became clear that Kenya’s National Social Security
Fund (NSSF) and the National Hospital Insurance
Fund (NHIF) had invested in some of the defaulting
companies, so that the number of citizens exposed
to loss was greater than just those who had made
individual deposits in the collapsed banks.

The government at first reacted slowly, not wish-
ing to draw the attention of foreign investors to the
situation. Eventually something had to be done to
halt the collapse. At the same time, President Daniel
arap Moi and his advisers appear to have realised
that they could gain political advantage from a crisis
which was not of their making. This stemmed from

31

KENYA



SOUTH AFRICA

CORRESPONDENT VIEWS FRENCH COLLABORATION WITH PRETORIA

Lagos THE AFRICAN GUARDIAN in English 9 Oct 86 pp 37-38

{Article by Bokwe Matuna]

[Text]

OT only has Paris been linked

with London and Washington
throughout the past 25 years in ob-
structing moves at the United Nations
for the adoption of mandatory sanc-
tions against apartheid South Africa,
French collaboration has been a vital
factor in strengthening the South Afri-
can government's military and econo-
mic apparatus and with traditional
French discretion, Paris is getting away
with its position on sanctions, which is
far from clear.

One of the most vital areas of
France-South African collaboration
has been in the nuclear field. The
Koeburg Nuclear Power Plant was
built with French technical and finan-
cial assistance, enabling South Africa
to meet a large amount of its energy
needs, vital for the country’s economy.
The military uses to which Pretoria can
now put its nuclear technology are
obvious, and act as a real threat to
African countries critical of the apar-
theid regime. The military uses that
Pretoria is developing from her nuclear
capability are secret, and this is facili-
tated by Pretoria’s refusal to sign the
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and
to open its plant to inspection. But
nuclear collaboration is not all.

France has been among Pretoria’s
steady and faithful supporters in pro-
viding the finance for setting up various
government projects, vital for main-
taining the apartheid regime. Even
under the socialist governments headed
by Pierre Mauroy and Laurent Fabius,

112

French aid to South Africa was readily
available, in spite of the socialists’
proclaimed hostility to Pretoria. Lau-
rent Fabius’ decision to halt French
imports of coal from South Africa was
not accompanied by a halt of French
bank loans to the Pretoria regime.

Among banks that gave loans to
South Africa are some of France’s most
important banks: Banque Francaise du
Commerce Exterieur, Banque
Nationale de Paris, Banque Worms,
The Caisse Centrale des Banques
Populaires, CIC Group, Compagnie
Financiere de Suez, Credit Agricole,
Credit Commercial de France, Credit
Lyonnais, Societe Generale, Lazard
Freres CIE, and many others. The
banking sector was nationalised by the
socialist government under President
Francois Mitterand — and now Jacques
Chirac is de-nationalising them.

The beneficiaries of French banking
loans in South Africa are government
and parastatals like the Electrical
Supply Commission (ESCOM), The
Iron and Steel Corporation (ISCOR),
The South African Transport Services
(SATS) and the Department of Posts
and Telecommunication as well as the
city of Johannesburg and the central
government itself. The French banking
loans came at a time when the South
African economy is experiencing the
deepest crisis in decades and for sever-
al years has experienced “negative
growth”.

The major factors contributing to the
country’s deteriorating economic situa-
tion are:



NIGERIA

POLICE BRACE FOR INCREASED OFFENSIVE AGAINST ARMED ROBBERS

Ikeja NEWSWATCH in English 22 Sep 86 pp 23-24

{Article by Wale Oladepo, Peter Ishaka, Sam Smith, Wura Osibogun and Daniel

Akovwa]

[Text]

athaniel Egharevba, a police ser-

geant, was on guard duty with

two of his colleagues at the First
Bank, Sabongida-Ora in Bendel State on
August 11. It was a Monday with signifi-
cant increase in the volume of business.
The three police officers, therefore, had
every reason to be on alert. Suddenly
there was a stampede in the banking hall.
The police officers scrambled for action at
the sound of gunfire, unaware that the
hunter was the hunted. Egharevba was
shot in the head, and he died instantly.
The bank robbers escaped with their loot,
which included Egharevba’s pistol and
two Mark IV rifles they snatched from the
dead man’s colleagues.

The nation is on the ropes once again
from the onslaught of armed robbers, but
this time policemen are as tempting a
target as ordinary people. This challenges
the unwritten code in police-criminal rela-
tionship, which is that under no cir-
cumstances would the police tolerate at-
tacks on its personnel. This is a universal
understanding. In cases where criminals
violate this code, police have been known
to track down those involved. A notable
case was the Boulos Enterprises pay rob-
bery in Lagos in 1976, during which two
policemen were killed. Police arrested the
felons within two weeks.

Before Etim Inyang, the inspector-
general of police, on the prodding of
President Ibrahim Babangida, got his men
moving against violent crime two weeks
ago, no less than 10 policemen had died
like chicken in the hands of armed rob-
bers. In Bendel, where Egharevba was

55

killed, two other policemen — one in the
mobile force and the other a general duty
officer — were shot dead on August 15, at
a check point in Benin City, the state
capital. Still in Bendel, Lawrence Anini,
now declared wanted by the police, led an
operation against two police stations, dur-
ing which two policemen were killed. Such
was the arrogance of the criminals against
law enforcement agents.

In Ondo, hitherto a serene state with
few incidents of armed robbery, two
policemen were reported felled by rob-
bers. Three weeks after they wrote David
Isang, the police commissioner, threaten-
ing to strike and kill policemen in the
state, the daring armed robbers made
good their pledge at Sobe police station on
Sunday, August 24, and killed a police
corporal. Police rifles and 106 rounds of
ammunition were carted off by the
gangsters. A week before the incident at
Sobe, another police officer on duty at a
road block in the state was shot dead. His
rifle was taken away too. At Ilobu in
Irepodun LGA of Oyo State, Sule
Afolabi, a sergeant on duty at a check
point, was shot dead by artned robbers.
The fleeing robbers who drove a Peugeot
504 saloon car, escaped with Afolabi’s ri-
fle and that of his colleague who fled into
the bush when the shooting started.

Armed robbers are everywhere, in-
cluding hitherto untouched areas, and no
time of the day is safe even as government
has restricted movement of people from
midnight till day break in Lagos, Bendel,
Kwara and Benue states. Up country in



SOUTH AFRICA

RESEARCH GROUP ISSUES REPORT ON SQUATTER TOWNS
MB311512 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1322 GMT 31 Oct 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 31 October, SAPA--The number of squatter communities in
South Africa will grow as the government continues its "orderly urbanisation"
policies, according to the Community Research Group [CRG].

In a report released in Johannesburg, the organisation also said the rent boy—
cott affecting 54 townships countrywide was not likely to end while people be-
lieved their money was being spent “by discredited local government structures
on housing schemes they have agreed to." The report said the state intended
“forcing the urban poor into badly serviced townships on the metropolitan
peripheries and selling off the houses in the older, formal townships to those
who can afford it.

"The communities are uniting around the demand for more houses at affordable
rates in areas where they choose to live. This is what underlies the current
rent boycott.... and the squatter struggles spreading through South Africa's
major metropolitan areas."

In its report, the CRG said Tembisa Township near Kempton Park had an unofficial
population of at least 220,000 people, or 40,000 more than it had been designed
to cater for. A spokesman for the Tembisa Working Committee [TWC], a United
Democratic Front affiliated civic organisation, was quoted in the report as
saying that residents who applied for houses had been told by the East Rand
Development Board that there was no money for housing. Some Tembisa people

who had been put on housing waiting lists had been waiting for 8 years for
homes, the TWC spokesman was quoted as saying.

The report said the TWC had organised the erection of shacks on empty land in
Tembisa but that the squatters had been ordered to leave. "The actions of
Tembisa squatters, whose only demand is the right to occupy unused land to
build shelter for the homeless, is one of many similar kinds of struggles
around the country. As the government attempts to use housing and occupancy
regulations to control the movement of black people... the black communities
have attempted to resist what the government calls orderly urbanisation by
taking matters into their own hands," the report said.

109



MINISTER OPTIMISTIC ABOUT ECONOMY IN FUTURE

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 24 Oct 86 p 5

[Text]

19274
cso:

HARARE Zimbabwe's Finance, Eco-
nomi cP ni Planning and Development l Min-
ited a
gountry’s economy Sy isoe ba warned
against over-population.
Given an annual average growth rate
of 5,1%, Zimbabwe's gross domestic

product, at 1985 prices, would rise to
ayer 2$13 500m by 1996, Bernard Chid-

Zero said yest

y-
The gross domestic product was
2$5 081m in 1985.
“ Chidzero said: “Another indicator is
that the per capita income will be about
2$600 in 1980 prices, or double this

figure in current price terms, 2$1 200,
compared to and Z$800 in 1986.”
Zimbabwe's industrial

base i in in 198 to some south-east Asian
countries, such as Korea, and South
American nations. -

He said: “We would still be far behind
the average per capita incomes of in-
dustrialised countries, but much better
than many developing countries.”

3400/326

However, the country’s population
would have grown to more than 10-
million unless it was curbed by more

 taoat popula growth rate

tion
of 3,1% was above the world average.

Chidzero said: “By 1996, more than
100 000 jobs a year will need to be cre-
ated in the formal sector.”

Projections were that Zimbabwe

These
first Five Year Development Plan,
which was more long-term than its
name implied.

Chidzero said: “Much depends on
What Wwe export and at what cost .” He
added that the security of Mozambican
routes was of paramount importance.

73

ZIMBABWE



Answer: (Smiling) Well, I was not exactly in Portugal. I passed through some
of your provinces, in transit.

Question: In the Azores. Lajes.
Answer: (Laughing) Well, I went there, but no one recognized me there, either.
Question: With the collusion of Portuguese officials?

Answer: No. There was no collusion. But I don't understand! I ama normal
passenger. Why shouldn't I pass through Portugal. Even if I had gone to Lis-
bon, I wouldn't be commiting any crime! I could even transit through Lisbon,
even if itwere known that SavimbiWas going by way of Lisbon. I only carry the
pistol with me here (he shows the Magnum, with the white butt, in its hol#
ster); out there, I am a normal, unarmed, human being. I can transit through
Lisbon, directly to the United States. It is all right. Or is ‘there something,
wrong With it?

Question: If you come to power, what type of relations do you hope to have
with Portugal?

Answer: When I come to power, na When peace returns to Angola and when the
Angolans have reached an understanding, relations with Portugal have to be
much better than they are now. I have watchedthe relations between Luanda
and Lisbon. They are similar to the relations between Kinshasa and Brussels.
This is not right. This is very bad. Neither the present nor the future gov—
ernment in Luanda can be neurotic about Lisbon. They must behave like brother
countries. Now, the Luanda government's demands reflect a kind of complex.
The Portuguese Government has laws which govern the Portuguese people. Angola
will have its laws, which will govern the Angolan people. Each country must
respect these laws. Now, to demand that the other country change it laws:
this is too much! You must understand that these individuals are going much
too far. They are even saying that Reagan should go to Luanda, that Reagan
should beg its pardon. I don't think this is the kind of relationship you
should have between countries which respect each other. Today, Portugal is

a democratic country; it has an elected president and an elected government.
Angola is not a democratic country. Even so, for reasons of expediency, there
are diplomatic relations between Luanda and Lisbon. As if that weren't enough,
now they [the Angolans | are demanding that so-and-so may not be permitted to
speak. The MPLA are trying to make the law in Portugal. The Portuguese peo-
ple cannot allow this, any more than the Angolan people can allow the Portu-
guese to make the :laws in Angola again. I think these minimum standards of
decency are necessary ‘for the normalization of relations. Therefore, in a
future government, elected by the Angolan people, one that represents the will
of the Angolan people, we have to respect the Portuguese people and the Port-
uguese Government. And, in return, the Portuguese Government must respect the
independence. and sovereignty of the Angolan people.

Question: Ii a hierarchy of values, is Portugal behind or ahead of the United
States?

25



Almost all have left their
possessions at the roadside where they
were originally dumped. They bring
them “bit by bit”.

Still, they are happy to have found a
home. Said Mvuleni Ntlokobomvu:
“We are most thankful to the KRA.
They didn’t know us before, but when
they got the call, they took us in their
warm hands.” ”

KRA publicity secretary Mzwandile
Zingani said: “We got the feeling the
people couldn’t stay outside in the
rains for a long time. We spread them
between the villages, taking them into
our homes.’”

Although there was a shortage of
land in the area, an attempt would be
made to give the Rala people more
permanent sites once the KRA was
sure the government would allow
them to stay, Zingani said.

The saga began when the group was ~
evicted from the farm where they had
been staying, on the strength of an
eviction order obtained by the owner,
P Rala. One morning, Ciskei trucks
arrived and took the people and their
possessions to the South African
border, intending to deposit them at
Needs Camp, where another much
larger group was dumped by the
Ciskei early this year.

But an SADF patrol stopped the
trucks, and so:the Rala people were
dumped just within the border, next to
the roadside. Ciskei then offered to
resettle the group in the Peddie area,
and although this was rejected, trucks
returned a few days later and forcibly

moved as many: people as possible to
Peddie.

‘One of those taken to Peddie, Milton
Matana, said: “We had no choice.
There were soldiers, and they said we
were going to Peddie whether we
wanted to or not.” Other members of
the group managed to flee into the
bush, where they spent a cold and
rainy weekend, afraid to return to
their makeshift shelters in case the
trucks came back.

On Monday, they made their way to
East London to seek help from the
People’s Advice Office. They left only
a handful of youths to watch over
their possessions. The authorities
were approached but officials said it
would take time to obtain assistance as
it was an “international matter”.

However, the group was-. offered
temporary accommodation at the
Nahoon Methodist. Church while

- Negotiations began with the KRA to

find a more permanent home for
them. After the KRA had consulted
Kwelera residents, volunteers came
forward to take the people in. _

Nomvulo Hate, who opened her
home in Zozo location. to
Ntlokobomvu and his family, said: “I
feel very happy to accommodate
people without a home. We are
staying like a family here.”

Since the Rala people have left most
of their possessions at the roadside,
their hosts have helped them with
whatever they need. Cooking utensils,
blankets and food have been shared
with the refugees.

Despatch Township Razed

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 24-30 Oct 86 p 5

{Article by Jo-Ann Bekker]

({Text]

CAREFULLY-tended hedges are all
that remain of the established black
shanty town which once existed
outside Despatch, a small industrial
town near Uitenhage.

All but four houses in the old
location have been razed to the ground.
in the past fortnight and about 200
families moved to the mushrooming
tent town in Uitenhage’s Kwanobuhle
township about 10km away.

The Despatch people joined
hundreds of families forcibly moved

from a section of Uitenhage's Langa
township’ — the scene of police
shootings in March last year — in July
after residents of a white suburb
overlooking Langa complained of the
township's proximity. Like the Langa
community, the Despatch people were
moved at a time when their leaders
were in detention, meetings were
banned and they were unable to
protest effectively.

91



From a Treetop

It was precisely 1630 hours when, from the top of an enormous tree (UNITA's
"observation post"), I heard the first explosion and saw, very clearly, the
detonation. These are the fire-correction shells.

Beside me, perched on another high branch, was a radio operator who was re-
laying information from another soldier who was even higher up, his eyes
glued to powerful binoculars,

“Azimuth here, azimuth there, charlie«papa, mike, repeat...."" It is the
dance of the numbers, the codes, the noms-de guerre--the voices coming from
the UNITA radios.

The rhythm of the shelling accelerated. Some type of vehicle was moving
close to the explosions. It disappeared.

Then I heard the "howl" of the Kwasha C-120's. MiGs appeared in the sky.
The jet propulsion motor increases the speed of impact and the destructive
capability of the shells.

Now the radio operator was saying only: "Correct! Correct! Correct." He was
excited about the precision of the fire.

By Heart
One of the officers on the Cuito front. told me it was time to go back.

"Night is coming and we can't light a fire close to the enemy lines. Without
light, we could get lost...or meet up with something bad," joked Capt Jaime.

Part of the FALA patrol was going to spend the night at the "observation post"
and would be relieved at dawn, since the men had nothing but a few drops of
water in their canteens and mess cups.

On the return trip, we did not even have that. The newsmen were already tired
and weak. We had not eaten any lunch and the water had been used up on the
way there

Darkness fell quickly. The march continued. I could only see indistinct
shapes following a path that was not very clear in the dense jungle, as if
they knew the track by heart.

The transport trucks were in the location agreed upon, at the hour communicated
by radio, to "fish us out" at a secure spot.

Exhausted, I climbed into the back of the Mercedes and there was Paulo, the
cook, handing out the new "order" of orange juice, At that moment, it seemed
to me like the best drink in the world.



ZIMBABWE

MATABELELAND PEOPLE URGED TO HELP TROOPS FIGHT DISSIDENTS

Harare THE HERALD in English 20 Oct 86 p 1

[Text]

/13046
CSO:

THE people of “Matabeleland must ‘co:
operate with security forces in the fight
against dissidents, the Minister of Informa-
tion, Posts and Telecommunications, Cde
Nathan Shamuyarira, tolq a rally yester-
day. -

Addressing a rally at Mahole business
centre in Filabusi district, Cde Shamuya-
tira said although there had been a lull in
dissident activity at one time, they were
now on the increase.

Peopie had. to co-operate with the sec-
urity forces in their efforts to eradicate
the dissideat menace.

Given the will, he said, this could be
achieved ‘because he had just learnt that
two weeks ago a dissident was killed by a
civilian in the Filabusi area. .

“Even though the dissidents have guns,
you can overpower them with your spears
and axes if you are determined to do it.
‘Moreover, once you have started co-operat-
ing with the security forces, the Govern-
ment will deploy more of them to crive the
bandits across the Limpopo River to their
masters,” he said,

‘The minister said once unity had been
reached leading officials of Zanu (PF) and
Zapu would address jeint rallies throughout
Matabeleland to demonstrate that’ they
were now really united.

3400/350

74

49 Shamuyarira said Government offi-
cials should attend all rallies teing held in
their areas hecause they might be asked to
answer questions from the public relating’
to their

The minister had asked the audience to
air their grievances and answered ques-
tions, He also asked Government officials
present to answer some queries.

Cde Shamuyarira said it was mandatory _

that Government officials should attend
rallies in their areas because this would
enable them to know the problems people
were facing,

The other major reason, he said, was
that cflicials, especially those who had once
belonged to minority parties, would get the
right orientation.

People at the rally complained of a
shortage of food, increasing stockthett,
high prices charged by shop-owners, inade-
quate furniture and TMmaterial for
schools, insufficient agricultural extension
‘workers and the need for skills training for
aduits,

_They also called for the reintroduction
of the food-for-work programme.

. Cde Shamuyarira assureg the people
that the Government would not allow any
of Its citizens to starve. And food would
be arriving today.



SOUTH AFRICA

BUS FARE INCREASES SPARK VIOLENCE, WARNINGS
17.5 Percent Hike
MB311409 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1209 GMT 31 Oct 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 31 October, SAPA--Commuters protesting against PUTCO
[Public Utility Transport Corporation] bus fare increases hurled stones at
buses in KwaNdebele area of Eukeloorn, about 80 km northeast of Pretoria
yesterday, causing extensive damage, a PUTCO spokesman said today. Security
forces, who were also attacked, fired teargas but no one was injured or
arrested and the mob dispersed after PUTCO officials held discussions with
them. The mob smashed windows of at least 150 buses, the spokesman said.

The company is hiking its fares by 17.5 percent tomorrow.

The spokesman said bus services to KwaNdebele today were normal and there
were no reports of disturbances in other areas where PUTCO operates. "The
service this morning was normal," he said.

A spokesman of the Congress of South African Trade Unions today described the
increase as "another burden on the community." "If there are no protests on
the streets, its because of continuing repression," he said.

The Azanian Peoples Organisation said today PUTCO "would find itself facing a
bitter battle from the community." Without giving more details, a spokesman
of the organisation said the black community pledged during street committee
meetings to "resist" the new increases, "The situation in the black townships
is very desperate. We're definitely opposed" to the increases "because a lot
of people are unemployed and losing jobs," the spokesman said.

Buses Damaged; Ridership Down in Soweto
MB030847 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0837 GMT 3 Nov 86

[Text] Johannesburg 3 November, SAPA--Less than half the normal amount of com-
muters were using PUTCO buses in Soweto this morning wehre three of the buses
were petrol bombed and six other buses hijacked as a result of the PUTCO bus
fare increase which came into effect at the weekend. A PUTCO spokeswoman said
a bus was totally destroyed, 100 PUTCO bus windows were broken and 15 bus tyres
were slashed in Soweto this morning. No injuries were reported.

80


In the back of the Mercedes, cook Paulo, a cheerful man of few words, was emp~
tying.a sack of enamel cups and passing around orange juice (prepared from a
concentrate "made in Johannesburg").

"I don't understand," I say to Lt Sousa, "why all this calm? Is this the
Cuito-Cuanavale war?"

Sousa finished telling the last anecdote and attempted to explain: "They are
weak; the enemy can only respond with BM-2l1s (‘orgaos de Staline'), which can't
hit targets at less than 6 kilometers...."

"They Want to Push Us into Conventional Warfare."

Night Fell. In front of me, inthe back of the Mercedes, is seated Captain
Jaime, one of the 65 survivors of the "long march," on foot, led by Jonas
Savimbi in 1975, out of the ashes of UNITA's military defeat in Luanda, the
march which took Agostinho Neto's adversaries to the "Lands at the End of the
Earth," in southern Angola.

Capt Jaime had also accompanied us since Jamba, as the officer responsible for
the security and the success of the journalistic expediton to the front: an

O JORNAL reporter and two French newsmen, one from LE POINT and the other from
the "Keystone" agency, on assignment for TIME magazine.

Some 15 days earlier, Capt Jaime had been in the same locale with a North
American television crew (NBC) and a news photographer from PARIS MATCH. "It
was very different then. The enemy responded. The jungle was in flames."

The newsmen had reported this to us on our arrival in Jamba, as we were leaving
for the front. "So why all this silence, captain? If Cuito-Cuanavale is weak-
ened, why doesn't UNITA go in and take it?"

The captain replied, in excellent English: "The enemy wants us to take Cuito-
Cuanavale. They want to push us into conventional warfare, because they know
we do not have enough weapons and men. If we took Cuito, they would suffer
even more casualties, but later they would counterattack and wipe us out, tak-
ing an objective: a city. Now, more than ever, we have to be like the bees:
going and coming, goading, buzzing, tiring them out, stinging them. And this
demoralizes them."

Message Intercepted: "Bad Situation"

When I reached the UNITA command post, at about 2300 hours, Capt Jaime re-
ceived a coded message on a slip of paper. He read it attentively and then
handed it to Lt Sousa.

"We have succeeded in intercepting enemy radio communications regarding the
attack this afternoon," the captain reported calmly. He translated the first
communication for me.



SOUTH AFRICA

CORPORATIONS CONSIDER CHANGES IN EDUCATION FUNDING

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 Oct 86 p 9

[Text]

19274
cso:

MULTINATIONAL corporations, react-
ing to past failures and the latest crises
in township schools, are changing the
way they approach and implement their
funding of education programmes.

As a result, experts say, corporations
are slowly moving away from pro-

-ammes of sla) undirected spend-
fe toward more carefully conceived
long-term projects designed to foster
teacher competency and change black
attitudes to education.

Even so, the range of current projects
reflects continuing disagreement on how
the problem of black education should
be addressed. And doubt remains among
educators whether the latest improve-
ment will be enough to stem increasing
disenchantment in black communities.

Corporations funding education, they
say, may be forced to dramatically reth-
ink their strategies once again. Social
responsibility executives at leadin;

itinationals recognise the failure of
projects such as Pace College in Soweto,
a secondary school funded by members
of the American Chamber of Commerce.

Attendance ~

Pace has been hit by poor attendance
and student protests — phenomena ob-
servers attribute to the school’s elitist
appearance in the community. In addi-
tion, past projects based on grants of
Money or equipment to schools have
proved ineffective without community
involvement or continued attention.

Hewlett Packard corporate social re-

sponsibility director Simon Middleton °

says: “We've realised that, for the most
rt, computers were irrelevant in a
ird World environment.” Still, he
praises projects like IBM’s “Writing to
ad,” introduced this year, which uses
personal computers to teach young
children to write and read English.

Hewlett Packard now focuses most of
its education support on the Alexandra

3400/330

branch of Protec, a relatively informal
technical education programme for 300
students that concentrates on “attitu-
dinal enrichment”.

Mobil corporate social responsibility
manager Pat O’Malley says: “A lot of
people in the private sector see educa-
tion technology as a panacea — they see
it as a way of circumventing the basic
problem of teacher competency. .

Mobil has helped develop and fund the
Teacher Opportunity rogrammes
(Tops), which offers “in-service” train-
ing to teachers to work towards higher
qualifications and increased classroom
competence.

A Project funded jointly by Bur-
roughs-Memorex and Johnson & John-
son aims to upgrade the quality of sci-
ence teaching at the Standard Five level
in 44 area schools. Burroughs PR direc-
tor Ian Burton says: “If you're teaching
someone and you're not qualified your-
self, then you're batting off a loose
wicket.”

Companies have realised, too, that a
successful education project depends as
much on competent implementation as
on good intentions. Executives involved
in such programmes now cite the need
for communication before a project is
initiated and continuing through the life
of the activity.

Still, doubts remain about how much
multinationals can accomplish. Sa
Burton: “American companies can only
be pilot project initiators. We cannot
solve the black education problem, edu-
cating six-million black children.”

And some wonder whether corpora-
tions are still approaching black educa-
tion question in the wrong way.

Brother Neil McGurk, principal of Sa-
ered Heart College, a multi-racial
secondary school in Observatory, Johan-
nesburg, says: “The thing I find difficult
with the way companies go about it is
they have no clear vision about where
they’re moving toward.”

108


/13046
cso:

3400/350

“The co-operative has a

bonus system to

ae
towards greater produc- -
Uvity, those members that
‘have produced more than
their target also get ao
Second bonus, “We want
our members to be more
Tesponsible towards their
Jobs.”

The problems between
the local communities and
the co-operative have now
been joined out. Fights
between the two were

co-op et ds
rative is also
wortting very closely with
Agritex officials in the

78


Today's meeting had been a small gathering of a few hundred representatives of
various regions throughout the country, Dr Lubbe said, and the attendance of
large numbers had been discouraged.

However, he expected "many" people to attend the meeting planned for 28 Novem-
ber.

The statement issued after today's meeting appealed to NG church members not
to leave the church hastily, "but to use the opportunity for debate created by
this meeting and to liaise with the study committee in connection with their
grievances so that action can be taken on a coordinated basis."

The members of the committee are Dr Lubbe, the chairman; Professor A. Swart,

the secretary and an elder of the church, DS [Reverend] G. Cruywagen, DS E.
Friis, and Fr J.C. Kurger, all retired dominees; Mrs M. Roos; Prof M. Verster;
Prof S. Jacobs; Mrs C. Wagner; Dr J. Richter; Mrs Kobie Gouws and DS C.C. Colyn.

/12232
CSO: 3400/354

104



THREE CASES OF FORCED REMOVALS EXAMINED

SOUTH AFRICA

Oukasie Township

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 24-30 Oct 86 pp 4-5

[Article by Vivienne Walt]

[Text]

LAST Friday, the Brits Pos was full
of self-congratulation.

The high school had won a regional
contest, with the fine military skills of
its cadet soldiers. The same boys had
beaten Pretoria’s youth in target
practice, and a front-page colour
photograph showed a group of
teenagers playing a ball game in the
park. All was well in Brits.

To the more than 10 000 blacks
living just across a dried-up field, the
silence in the white newspaper might
have been deafening, were it not
entirely predictable in this polarised
town.

For there was no mention at all of a
decision taken by the government the
previous day to destroy the black
township. The residents, born and
bred in Oukasie township, are to be
evicted in a gloves-off, guns-out mass
removal.

Thanks to apartheid’s unique
semantics, Oukasie no longer exists,
despite the presence of thousands of
blacks there. With one signature by
Minister of Constitutional
Development and Planning, Chris
Heunis, it has been “deproclaimed”,
making its residents illegal squatters.

For President PW Botha, the
decision is a gamble which could
prove dangerous. It will certainly
spark large work stoppages by
engineering and auto workers, the
first of which was planned for
Wednesday this week but was

89

postponed while community leaders
met with local officials and industry
representatives. Both the Federated
Chamber of Industries (FCI) and the
Steel and Engineering Industries
Federation: of SA (Seifsa) have
expressed strong opposition.

Together with the Brits Action
Committee, they have written to
Heunis requesting a meeting but have
been told he was too busy.

But with the removal, the
government’s primary goal will
probably be achieved. Brits’ whites,
jittery at the sight of Oukasie from the
windows of their homes, will stay
within the government fold.

As organised trade unionists, at such
multinational companies as Firestone
Tires and Ciba-Geigy pharma-
ceuticals, Brits’ blacks are primed for
an ugly fight.

“It won’t be peaceful,” Brits Action
Committee member Abel Molokoane
said at the weekend. “If we see
bulldozers, there is going to be a riot,
Tam afraid.”

But it has become a struggle to hold
on to their township, and 5 000
residents have already moved out,
having buckled under the pressure of
verbal threats and minimal, erratic
services. “Every week the water is cut
off in a different section,” said one
young woman.

Amid the dirt lanes, void of
electricity or water-borne sewerage,
lies the rubble of these evacuees’



19274
CSO:

3400/340

they operate, are effective. At dawn last
week Tuesday, the vigilante group in
Mushin, a Lagos suburb, arrested a
notorious man in the area as he carted
away the motor parts that he removed
from vehicles parked in a nearby
mechanic ‘workshop. Unlike the police,
these vigilante groups use charms, dag-
gers, dane guns, bows and arrows as
weapons of battle. Their strongest
weapon, as they all attested to, is their
knowledge of the locality in which they
operate. They know one another fairly
well and can easily call for assistance by
simply blowing their whistles.

57



SURVEY REVEALS CONCERNS ON EVE OF ANNIVERSARY

Lagos SUNDAY TIMES in English 28 Sep 86 pp 1, 13, 21

[Text]

IGERIA will be 26 on Wed-

nesday. With many Nigerians,
however, there is not much to cele-
brate.

A random survey carried out by:
the Sunday Times which sampled
360 respondents among the cross-
section of the Nigerian populace
revealed that many Nigerians will
be-celebrating this year's indepen-
dence with mixed feelings.

‘The survey revealed. that unemp-
loyment ranked highest among the
many problems currently plaguing
the Nigerian society.

Of the 360 respondents, 219 repre-
senting 60.8 per cent, view unemp-
loyment as critical, while 60 repre-
senting 16.7 per cent saw corruption
in the society as next to unemploy-
ment.

Armed robbery was third in
hierarchy of severity as 42 respon-
dents representing 11.7 per cent
while 27 respondents representing
7.8 per cent saw inflation as a
serious problem to be reckoned
with.

All other problems such as conti-
nued inflation, armed robbery and
corruption are subsumed in
unemployment, the respondents
pointed out.

‘They blamed the problems on the
shortcomings of previous adminis-
trations with 123 representing (34.2
per cent) of the total respondents.

Our survey found out that the
main cause of corruption in the
country was the lust for material
wealth of most Nigerians, represen-
ting 46 or 38.3 per cent of the res-
pondents.

Selfish attitude of Nigerians was
viewed seriously as a second major
cause of corruption in the country.

53

NIGERIA

Of the 360 respondents, 99 repre-
senting 27.5 per cent saw corruption
as a very serious problem of the
society.

Nigerians are not satisfied with
the current measures employed by
the government aimed at finding
solution to these major problems.

Not less 258 respondents repre-
senting 71.7 per cent said
they were ‘not satisfied
with the government's
approach at. solving these
problems.

Only 75, representing
20.8 per cent of the
respondents opined they
were satisfied with the
current government
measures aimed at

administration is
averagely assessed.
Of the 360 respondents,
189 representing 52.5 per
cent scored Babangida’s.
iadministeation:.as being:
average.

While 102 representing
28.3 per cent assessed it
poor, 39 representing 6.7
per cent assessed it good
and excellent respectively.

Babangida’s adminis-
tration had a pass mark

on her human rights policy.

Of the 360 respondents,
who were asked the most-

unique.
Public Health and
sanitation came next and
economy and foreign



Chamber for the blacks... I told him, if he had appealed to the blacks at
that time, there would have been blacks who would have consented to enter the
Chamber. But I also warned him: "After a year :or two, no one is going to a~
gree to it." Today he has problems getting blacks to enter the Chamber,
right? So I think we have to maintain some influence over South Africa, be-
cause South Africa has a predominant presence in southern Africa. Every in-
dividual, from Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, everyone is dependent on the
economy of South Africa. For us to create an influence to bend--if we can-~-
the policy of South Africa, this is not a bad thing. This is our objective.

UNITA Different from RENAMO
Question: Does UNITA have contacts with RENAMO, or did it have at any time?

Answer: No, never. We never have had and we have no intention of having re-
lations with RENAMO. We think that, in Mozambique, it was only FRELIMO which
struggled for independence. The Portuguese Government, which was the colon-
ial authority, legally transferred the power to FRELIMO. And if RENAMO ap-
peared, it appeared on other orders that we cannot answer for, that we cannot
explain. UNITA is a movement which is recognized, legitimately, by Portugal
and presents a great difference from RENAMO, in its very acceptance as a po-
litical movement.

Question: So you want to have good relations with FRELIMO.

Answer: We want to have good relations with everyone who wants to have good
relations with us. Everyone.

Questions: Do you know that Professor Aquino de Braganca, advisor to Presi-
dent Samora Machel, has written a book about you?

Answer: I haven't seen it. Have you read it?

Question: Not yet. But I have heard that it is a critical book. Did you ex-
pect this from him?

Answer: Critical, how? You could even expect something critical from him....
Question: Do you know him well?

Answer: Very well. We went together to Bombay to ask Nehru to take Goa. He
is aligned with the MPLA, but I have already seen statements by him about me
in some Portuguese newspapers which were not so critical as I had expected.
That is, I was expecting that he would be more critical of me.

Question: In the Western world, UNITA is generally supported by political
forces on the Right and has a West-oriented image. Meanwhile, the society
which UNITA has created in Angola appears communist to me. Do you agree that
this is contradictory?

15



1964 when Nigeria became the first
African nation to fly a Dornier aircraft
— a DO 27 liaison aircraft, when the
airforce was just one year old. The same.
aircraft, operating with the Nigerian
police prepared grounds for the DO 28,
DO 128-2 skyservant and DO 228
variants that later joined the fleet.

Also, partners in the .making of
NAF’s Alpha jets, Dornier voted Niger-
ia.a very important trade friend as eight
other African countries paddled aboard
various Dornier aircraft. These coun-
tries are: Lesotho, Botswana, Niger,
Malawi and Ethiopia, all operating the
sky-servant and the 228; Cameroun and
Egypt operating the Alpha jet and the
Republic of Benin, flying two skyser-
vants by courtesy of Nigeria’s “big
brother” dash of the aircraft to the
country.

In Nigeria alone, Dornier has sold ab-
‘out 100 utility aircraft with an added
continuous potential for better future
market prospects. Also the force behind
the Nigerian Navy’s local training prog-
ramme for officers and men, Dornier
steps in ahead of the others whenever a
stock of military firms is taken in
Nigeria.

The second company, MBB, also
from West Germany were the makers of
NAF’s multi-purpose combat helicop-
ters designated BO 105, first flown in
1967 and sold to the Nigerian Air Force

19274
CSO: 3400/339

44

in 1975. As one of the front line helicop-
ters in NAF’s aresenal, the BO105 is
perhaps the fleet that has the largest
maintenance workshop in the airforce
base.

MBB has demonstrated full tank pro-
duct support for the helicopters also
operating in Liberia, Sudan, Tanzania
and Lesotho. Parent company Execu-
tive MR August Van Joust, who spoke
to The African Guardian in Farn-
borough, said of the African market,
“we want to be stronger.” Commend-
ably, Mr. Van Joust is also one of the
few in the business that would speak up
that African countries would be far bet-
ter with self sustaining aerospace in-
dustrial bases even when-such a reality
would mean less business for companies
such as his. The major difficulty he spot-
ted in any such possibility was the prob-
lem of African. countries requiring less
than a reasonable quantity of a particu-
lar product that could make industrial
technological transfer feasible. Besides,
Mr. Van Joust whose company already
has a subsidiary Lagos based branch
headed by electronic expert, Mr. Kaye
Abraham, also noted that African states
may after all, have no choice but to keep
importing military equipment in his
understanding that it may cost far more
to manufacture the same weapons local-
ly in non feasible quantities.


GATT VIEWED AS TOOL TO EXPLOIT THIRD WORLD

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 26 Sep 86 p 1

[Editorial]

[Text]

THE latest round of
negotiations among
signatories to the
General Agreement on
Tarriffs and Trade
(GATT) in Uruguay has

another

f

iy
lt
ee:

#
‘|
z
5

it
Fu
nk

national regulator’
bodies including the
completely impotent.
We would even say that
GATT has lost more of
its mediatory role since
even its ‘prime mo-
vers’ are unable to pre-
sent the collective will
which it needs to carry
out its onerous respon-
gintttty. So we find the
EEC kicking against the
American position on
agricultural subsidies
and Japan warding off
any moves to tamoer
with its trade sur-
plusses under the ban-
ner of GATT.

Of greater concern
however is the raw deal
received by the. deve-
loping nations. Having
succeeded in turning
GATT into an_instru-
ment for exploitation
through gusta restric-
tions and other protec-
tlonist measures, the
industrialised countries

48

NIGERIA

proceeded to manipu-
late commodity prices
to complete the stran-
gulation of primary pro:
ducers most of which
are in the so-called
third world. The suc-
cess. of these designs is
borne out by the fact of
a 30 billion dollar drop
(8.5 per cent) in the ex-
port earnings of deve-
oping eit year.

surprisingly, the
victims of this eco-
nomic sabotage have
indicated that they wilt
not remain passive and
are coming togetiias to
press for a more equit-
table world trade. They
are pressing for a re-
versal of the protec-
tionist policies alread
in place, a stop to add
tional limitations to free
trade and an end to raw
deals. They have our
backing and deserve
GATT’s.


COOPERATION AMONG CO-OPS PRAISED

Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 12 Oct 86 p 8

[Article by Basil Sithole]

{Text]

IN a tangible demon:
stration of success,
Simukai Collective Co-
operative in Seke., last

week donated a grind.

ing mill worth 84.000

to another co-opera-

tive — newly-formed

agricultural co-opera-

tive near Gwern.

This is* believed to be
the first time in the his-
tory cf the co-operative
movement in the country
that there has been co-
operation between co-cpo-
ratives.

Simukai has now
acquired a new, electrical
grinding mill which is
being used by the mem-
hers of the co-operative,
the local community and
werkers from the sur-
weunding farms, .

‘The gift grinding mill
was handed overt to the
chairman of the Simba
Revanhu Co-operative, 80
kilometres from Gweru.
Simba Revaiahu was es-
tablished in June and the
members are still living
in tents. The small cere-
mony was attended by
cificials from Zimbabwe
Project and the provincial
ec-cperative officer for
Mashonaland East, Cde
Elijah Tuso.

“The grinding mill has
been in use for, the past
3% years and our giv}ig

no longer wanted to use it,
We thought it was ideal
to give it to someone who
was in need of it,” gaid
the chairman of Simukai,
Cde Andrew Nyathi.
Simukai is run by for-

have vowed to maike the
co-operative viable. Some-
time jast year 10 members
were expelled from amper
co-operative for

ing progress and alleged
greedimess.

Speaking to The Sunday
Mail, Cade Nyathi said
that the co-operative was
looking for two more
mel

‘The co-operative cele-
brated its fifth anmiver-
sary two menths ago
“The situation has been
changing gradually and
the productivity of the co-
operative has improved
tremendously | compared
to the last four years al-
theugh we have had
some problems,” he said.

Last season the co-op-
erative realped about 2 500
‘bags of maize, 4 ‘tonnes of
groundnuts and expects to
reap another four to five
tonnes per hectare of
wheat, At leasp 40 hec-
tares of wheat were un-
der irrigation in the last
season,

77

ZIMBABWE

‘The co-operative also
boasts one of the most
impressive pigsties in the
country, sefling about 500

yearly.
This is expected’ to be
increased to about 1200
pigs a year with the build-
ing of @ new pigsty. “We
will be reviewing our pro-
duction and needs !j2 two
years’ time and this will
enable us to look at our

sunflower and soya-
” he said.

Last years: crop cf
scyabean was destroyed
by the April rains and
this is now being used as
stockfeed for the pigs and
a herd of 274 cattle. Cde
Nyathi said that hg ex-
pected 50 more calves be-
fore the start of the
season.

“We hope that we will
be able to stand on our
cwn feet within the next
coming few years, rae
the standard of living of
our members and be able
to ‘pay our members re-
gularly.”

“Over the ‘past four
years we have been de-
pending heavily on bor-
Towed money and the pro-
tits we have made have
been ploughed back as ‘ie
vestment.” said Cde Nya-
thi



UNITA official data indicate, at this time, a total of 45,000 Cuban men on
Angolan territory, 10,000 of whom are technical advisors and 20,000 are com-
bat troops (infantry).

Pointing to well designed maps and charts, obviously carefully organized, Brig
Gen Wambu explains: "The MPLA troops consist of Cubans, Russians, East Ger-
mans and.former Portuguese commandos who were in Angola during the colonial
period and who have been recruited by Admiral Rosa Coutinho. On Angolan
territory, in addition to the MPLA, there are also SWAPO and ANC guerrillas
and former-Catangans (Zairians). These have been assigned to defense and try
to poison Africa with the idea that there is no UNITA without South Africans.

Portuguese Mercenaries

Regarding the alleged Portuguese mercenaries in the ranks of government troops,
Brig Gen Wambu supplied me with some more statistics: there are about 3,500 of
these mercenaries and, according to his information, Portuguese Colonel Fer-
nandes may be working directly with them. :

Even so, Brig Gen Wambu does not seem very concerned about the Portuguese mer-
cenaries who, as he himself told me, are distributed over all the provincial
capitals. ("We attempted to capture some of them but, at the last minute,
they left, disguised as cooperants...."

The big question mark for the UNITA officers inevitably has to do with the
reinforcement of the Cuban troops in Angola. "How will the Cubans intervene
this year? They could try to fool us...."

Zambia Connection

Attention and concern are now turned to the possibility that Zambia's Presi-
dent Kenneth Kaunda will allow the Luanda government troops to have access to
UNITA positions in southeastern Angola, via the border shared by the two coun-
tries.

For UNITA, with its 28,000 regular soldiers and 37,000 guerrillas, the imbal-
ance is threatening and the prospect of responding to an attack through the
"Zambian Connection" is somewhat demoralizing.

Seated in the "n'jango" of the UNITA forward post in Cuito-Cuanavale, Capt
Jaime wanted to relax for a minute. He was optimistic: "Kaunda won't do it.
He is afraid...."

However, sad news had shaken the captain, for the first time, with some in-
tensity.

Brig Gen Wambu had come to see the correspondents off. In his hand, he was
carrying a battery-operated short wave radio (the second most important weapon
of the UNITA officers, always in use). He saw Capt Jaime and gave him an
embrace, offering condolences. ‘The captain's soccer team, the "Estrela

10



PREACHING BOARD TO ENSURE COMPLIANCE WITH ISLAM

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 4 Oct 86 p 12

[Article by Adebisi Adekunle]

(Text]

THE setting up of a board
for preaching and establish-

ment of Juma’ at mosques in -

Sokoto State was to ensure
that they were carried out in
accordance with Islamic
practice.

Governor Ahmad Daku, in-
augurating the board on
Thursday said the board was
not intended to prevent
preaching or establishment of
Juma‘at mosques in any part
of the state.,

He said if strictly complied
with, the edict setting up the
board would ensure the establish-
ment of peaceful co-existence in
the society. .

‘The governor added that in the
new edict. a provision was
deliberately inserted to allow
room for appeal. -

He said under the provision,
intending preacher who

any
19274
CSO: 3400/324

thought that he was not fairly
treated was free to appeal to the
governor.

Also. any group of people who

applied for establis!
Juma st mosque and het of
were unnecessarily refused per-
mission could appeal to the
governor

The governor who assured that
all appeals would be carefully ap-
praised in a just manner, pointed
dut that Sokoto State was not the
only state where such edicts were
enacted and successfully
operated.

He explained that the whole
idea of enacting the edict was to
ensure peace and harmony in the
state.

Governor Daku said to avoid
unnecessary delay, local govern-
ments were empowered to
establish an advisory committee
of their own to help the board to
carry out its function.

The board, according to the
governor. would determine and
regulate the qualification re--
quired for any person to become
a religious preacher or Koranic
commentator.

It would also conduct examina-
tions and set standards for any
persons desirous of becoming
religious preachers or Koranic
commentators, adding that it
would also compile and approve
religious poetry and songs that
might be permitted in mosques
and public places.

The governor said the board
would also regulate and approve
the type of religious poetry or
songs for public consumption and

52

NIGERIA

dissemination in public
preaching or public places of
worship.

It would recommend to the
emirate council the establish-
ment. of Juma’at mosques.

The board, according to the
governor, would recommend to
the emirate council the suspen-
sion or cancellation of mosques
registration certificates, adding
that it would advise the emirate
council and the state government
on all matters affecting Koranic
schools.

He said the committee was also
empowered to co-opt any person,
deemed fit to participate in the
functions of the board or todo any
other thing which was necessary.
to cifect the provisions of the

ct.



Briefs
14 Blacks Admitted to Sports Society
Black Television Ownership Doubles
New Faces in Transkei Cabinet

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

U.S. Pullout Will Harm Social Programs

(BUSINESS DAY, 23 Oct 86) ...cecsccccvececccccecerecsceces

Commentary Rejects Allegations in Machel Death

(Johannesburg International Service, 30 Oct 86) .ssseceeee

Commentary Scores Kaunda's Contempt for Machel Investigation

(Johannesburg International Service, 3 Nov 86) ..scccceese

Muslim Leader Attends Congress in Libya, Meets Qadhdhafi

(THE DAILY NEWS, 20 Oct 86) ...cccevecececvcccvcrcnecceces

Government's Crackdown on UDF Examined

(Ameen Akhalwaya; POST NATAL, 22-25 Oct 86) ..cseccececece

Methodist Church Split on Sanctions

(BUSINESS DAY, 23 Oct 86) .cseceevesceeceveccevcevescseees

NGK Members Oppose Decision To Open Church to All

(SAPA, 1 Nov 86) secccesccccccvcscsvcevcvccvcsecsvcesesces

Johannesburg Professionals Address Future of City

(James Clarke; THE STAR, 22 Oct 86) .ccccceeccccvececceces

Assocom Calls for Community Police

(THE CITIZEN, 24 Oct 86) .cecccececccececectcucececcescves

Cerporations Consider Changes in Education Funding

(BUSINESS DAY, 23 Oct 86) .ccecccccscececccvceceevcsceees

Research Group Issues Report on Squatter Towns

(SAPA, 31 Oct 86) .eecesceccccecccccccccesceseccesasescees

Briefs
Unbanning of Tambo Urged

ECONOMIC

Correspondent Views French Collaboration With Pretoria
(Bokwe Matuna; THE AFRICAN GUARDIAN, 9 Oct 86) .....

GM's Importance to Eastern Cape Region Examined
(Chris Moerdyk; THE STAR, 20 Oct 86) ..

-d-

95

95

96

97

98

99

100

102

103

105

107

108

109

111

112

115


WARRI, KADUNA PETROCHEMICAL PLANT DELAYS

NIGERIA

London AFRICA ECONOMIC DIGEST in English 27 Sep 86 pp 13-14

[Text]

/9317

Carbon black and polyvinyl chioride plants
being built at Warri will not come on stream
until early 1987 because of a shortage of
raw materials, Nigerian National
Petroleum Corporation (NNPC)
managing director Aret Adams has said.

Adams adds that although three
shiploads of raw materials had arrived,
they were not cleared because of “red
tape.” He expressed hope that import
licences for the materials could be
revalidated.

Inadequate power supplies at Warri
refinery have caused further delay.
Lummus Crest of France, which is
managing contractor at the carbon black
plant, is arranging for supply of a gas
turbine generator to rectify the shortage,
thereby allowing the plant to come on
stream by the end of first-quarter 1987.

CSO: 3400/236

69

The Kaduna petrochemicals project, also
being installed for NNPC, is behind
schedule too, AED understands. The linear
alkyl benzene plant cannot come on
stream until Japan's Chiyoda completes
installation of abenzene plant. Chiyoda
won its contract in October 1985 after
NNPC reversed an earlier decision to
import benzene requirements from abroad
(AED 26:10:85). The plant is unlikely to
start operating until the second half of
1987, AED understands.

Potential customers for the Warri and
Kaduna petrochemical plants are
concerned about the delay. Polyfibre
industries of Kaduna, which opened a
N 10 million ($7 million) polypropylene
fibre and yarn plant this year, had hoped to
order its raw material requirements from
NNPC; already it has had to suspend
operations because it cannot obtain
imported raw materials.



Question: How would you like the Portuguese authorities to behave toward the
UNITA?

Answer: (In a severe tone) One thing I would not be at all willing to accept:
if the UNITA students were expelled from Portugal, I, personally, would take
a drastic stand against Portugal.

Question: What stand?

Answer: Honestly. I am an advocate of the dialogue with Portugal; even in the
UNITA Central Committee, I am the one who defends Portugal the most, but if,
one day, they expel my students, I- want all my comrades expelled from Portu-
gal. At that point it would be a very serious situation.

Question: Have you had contacts with Portuguese governments?

Answer: I don't have any. It is unnecessary. I have not even asked to have a
UNITA representative in Portugal. You see, my demands are modest. I only
speak up for the students. It would not be an intelligent thing for Portugal
not to teach, in the Portuguese language, the young Angolans who, tomorrow,
perhaps will not be in the UNITA, who may not be in the MPLA.

Question: But are there indications that this could happen?
Answer: They have already expelled two of my students!
Question: For bureaucratic reasons.

Answer: I don't know. In any event, they shouldn't be doing this, because it
isn't nice! We are not asking anyone for scholarships. We are paying for our
students' tuition with our money! Portugal is educating those who will be
friends of the Portuguese, 10, 20 years from now, when Cavaco Silva is gone,
when Mario Soares is gone. Isn't that so? Portugal is training future
friends of the Portuguese. We wouldn't be politicians if we didn't understand
this. It is just because there are a half-dozen individuals, like Mawete (the
Angolan ambassador in Lisbon), who say very bad things to the Portuguese, who
blackmail the government! I think this is sad.

Question: Do you think the present Portuguese Government is more "understand-
ing" towards UNITA?

Answer: I don't know. Portugal should be thinking about the future. UNITA
may be an obstacle, but so is the MPLA. Now let us move beyond UNITA and the
MPLA; let us think about the future. The future of the Portuguese and the fu-
ture of the Angolans, who speak the same language, as the common vehicle of
thought and of culture. It is necessary to protect that heritage. It is more
important than the present conflict, which is completely political in nature.

Question: Dr Savimbi, how did you manage to be in Portuguese territory last Jan-
uary without anyone (almost) being aware of it?

24



NIGERIA

NEW CRUDE LIFTING DEAL COMES INTO EFFECT
Kaduna SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN in English 28 Sep 86 p 16
[Article by Muhammad Rabiu]

[Text] The much~expected deal which would enable specific lifting of Nigerian
crude for payment to contractors doing civil works at the Ajaokuta Steel Com-
plex has become effective, the "Monthly Business and Economic Digest" published
by the United Bank for Africa (UBA) Limited, Lagos has said.

In its recent edition, it said that revenues accruing from the crude sales
would first be paid into the Nigerian National Patroleum Corporation's (NNPC's)
account at a London bank where it is to be reserved for settling due payments
to contractors,

The newsletter said that the agreement deviated from the classical counter
trade because it allowed crude lifting for direct payment for specific goods
and that no goods were expected in return,

It added that the deal was almost as good as cash payments and also assured
the contractors of settlement of bills from escrow account,

The newsletter said that the construction companies benefitting from the deal
included Fougerolle Dumez (French) and Julius Berger (West Germany),

It further said that progress on the deal was earlier interrupted because of
the refusal of lifting firms to allow the NNPC apply its netback pricing
formula to the crude sales,

New firms have now been engaged for lifting, according to it.

The newsletter also said that the French authority signed an agreement in Aug-
ust to provide a FF,4bn term cover for the construction of Nigeria's 500 mil-
lion dollars fourth refinery at Alesa~Eleme near Port Harcourt.

It named Spie Batignolles as the French partner of the Franco-Japanese con-
sortium working on the refinery.

Meanwhile, the newsletter quoting a recent International Energy Agency (IEA)

report, said that there are possibilities of a large market for Nigeria's gas
both in the USA and in Western Europe.

67



NLC FAILURES AT CHAMPIONING FOR LABOR'S RIGHTS

Ikeja NEWSWATCH in English 29 Sep 86 pp 37-39

NIGERIA

[Article by Wale Oladepo, Tony Eluemunor, Bose Lasaki, Sam-Loco Smith, Wale

Ajao and Wura Osibogun]

[Text]

is engaged in the cold rehearsal of

its own swan song. Emasculated by
government, beaten to the canvas by the
worsening economy which snatches jobs
of millions of its members, the NLC is
face to face with decline and possibly, ex-
tinction in the prime of its life. As if these
external forces are not sufficient
drawbacks, the body, which is the apex for
workers in the country, is being pushed
easily to a quick crack by poor leadership
and, most important, the division among
its members and the affiliated unions.

If the present trend continues, the NLC
would be finished in no time. Since the
congress’ demonstration of June 4 was
botched by the government, rival factions
comprising ‘‘democrats” and ‘“marxist
socialists” within the congress have inten-
sified their rivalry which had dug a big
raven within the workers’ apex body. Last
week, when they had another hot ex-
change,’ the so-called ‘‘democrats’”’ stop-
ped short of pronouncing another central
labour body for the country. Such is the
depth of rivalry and hatred between the
factions, that labour analysts said the pro-
nouncement was held back by lack of a
legal backing for it.

P. Kiri-Kalio, heading the ‘‘democrats””
at a conference on September 10, accused
the “marxist socialist’’-led NLC of steer-
ing ‘‘the organisation along the course of
blind militancy and confrontation (with
“government), while all moderating
elements are frustrated and shut out of the
system.’’ According to him, ‘“‘the NLC is
being driven garrulously into certain

T he Nigeria Labour Congress, NLC,

60

destruction by a clique of mindless marx-
ists who see their leadership role in the
NLC as a call to champion the course of
proletarian dictatorship.’”

Among the faction’s nine-point accusa-
tions which the paper, signed by Ki
Kalio, levelled against the NLC leadership
are: the admission of Academic Staff
Union of Universities, ASUU, and Senior
Staff of Distributive Trade Employees in-
to NLC; alliance with students and
market women; alliance with eastern
block labour bodies; bureaucracy at the
NLC secretariat and an alleged personali-
sation of the quest for the presidency of
the Organisation of African Trade Union
Unity, OATUU, to favour Hassan A.
Sumonu, former NLC leader.

A day before the conference of
September 10, the ‘‘democrats,”’ which
claim to have 22 of the nation’s 42 in-
dustrial unions that form the NLC,
disrupted the meeting of the Central
Working Committee of the congress in
Lagos because of their vested interest in
the OATUU presidency, the crisis in
NUPENG and the NLC political blue-
print which is acclaimed as the only effort
in recent times by the congress, which has
been regarded as noteworthy.

The political blueprint which the
“democrats”’ would not touch, lampoon-
ed military governments for their past roles
in the nation’s policies and derided them
for failing “‘to correct the status quo of
government it succeeded while creating
the majority of Nigeria’s monied class.”
The blueprint also called for a socialist
state, a workers’ party, free education and



Answer: I think that, in the technique of guerrilla warfare, there is no one
better than the Chinese. People say that the best general to emerge in this
era was Giap, but they forget that Giap was a student of Mao Tse-Tung. I
think that the greatest general of modern times was Mao Tse-Tung, not Giap.

It is just that Mao Tse-Tung never came into direct confrontation with the
Americans. The difference in troop strength between Mao Tse-Tung and Chang
Kai-chek was 1 to 10. But he was also an individual who succeeded in changing the
the situation of China. So what we think we can keep from China, we will
keep. Many people had the bad luck not to have known the China of Mao Tse-
Tung, to be able to compare it with the China of Deng Xiaoping. ‘The Chinese
never taught us that we had. to apply what we had seen there in Angola. These
are the only people I have seen~-the only people, I repeat--who say: "Go home,
put don't do what we do here." China is different. It has a much larger pop-
ulation; the population of Angola could represent only one commune in China.
The Chinese are the only ones I have seen proceed this way. .I tell you, the
only ones. Even if we compare them to the Americans, the French, the South
Africans. They are the only people who never said to us: "Do it this way."
They said: "We will teach you, but you will apply that teaching in your ter-
ritory, among your people, according to your own circumstances." They have
this kind of humility. All the others are accustomed to think they know best.
Not Mao Tse~Tung's Chinese.

Question: Are the Chinese supporting you at this time?
Answer: Well, I can say that they are not against us.
Question: Would you like their support?

Answer: They could help. The circumstances are different. The Chinese have
recognized the MPLA government, but this does not mean they are satisfied with
the Luanda regime.

"Stinger" Missiles

Question: UNITA's dependence on South Africa is notorious. Are you inclined
to maintain it?

Answer: Not notorious....
Question: From the standpoint of logistics, infrastructures, supplies....

Answer: Well, in addition to our yery frank criticism of apartheid, perhaps
UNITA has another merit with regard to South Africa. The South Africans tried
to impose their advisors on us and we said'no. We are the only ones here who
have no advisors; neither an American advisor nor a South African advisor.
UNITA likes it this way. Why do people have the type of preconception that

I read in an English newspaper--I think it was in Thé DAILY TELEGRAPH, or was
it the GUARDIAN? If it is the GUARDIAN, it is liberal, If it is the TELE-
GRAPH, it is conservative. They said that the Angolans of UNITA could not
utilize the "Stinger." In other words, the Angolan is not intelligent enough

17



instructions from the government. It did not want
one group of Kikuyu businessmen to succeed where
another had failed.

Hardly had the Continental companies gone into
official receivership when the Jimba Credit Corpor-
ation owned by another Kikuyu, Jimnah Mubaru,
closed its doors to the public. So did its two subsidi-
aries, Union Bank and Kenya Savings and Mortga-
ges. The reasons for failure were similar to those at
the Continental companies.

President Moi then carried out an earlier threat _
and ordered the arrest of the directors of the Conti-
nental Bank, Continental Finance, and Rural Urban.
Those arrested included group chairman Philip
Wahome, managing director Stephen Kimani, the
general manager of Continental Finance Wimbicho
Maina, and its directors John Wairagu, Peter Gach-
ara, and S. V. Shah. Four other directors from
Rural Urban were also arrested. The financiers were
held for a weekend of questioning at the headquar-
ters of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID)
and then released.

That week, there was speculation that Andrew
Ngumba had gone missing. There were reports that
he had been arrested while trying to flee to Tanzania
or to Britain, where he was said to have joined
Shantilal Gulabchand, a financier who left Kenya in
1984 leaving debts of 25 million shillings. The police
immediately froze Ngumba’s bank account and
seized the passports of other Urban Rural directors.
We have no knowledge of Ngumba’s present where-
abouts or circumstances.

The Kenyan banking scandal may not yet be
finished. We understand that another recently-estab-
lished bank and a building society are also in difficul-
ties. Solvent financial institutions are so worried that
they have taken advertisements in the national press
insisting on the soundness of their businesses and
asking the government to take firm action against
criminals in the world of finance.

Many Kenyans are wondering why all of the failed
institutions were Kikuyu-run. The simple answer is
that many prominent businessmen $ad_business-
women are Kikuyu, and so it is no surprise that they
should be the main victims of a bank collapse. Those
who see evidence of political manipulation on the
part of the government make the point that the
NSSF recalled all the loans it had made at a time
when only Rural Urban had gone bust. It was this
act which finally tipped the Continental group and
the Union Bank group into insolvency. They also
point out that Moi has himself invoked the political
aspects of the affair, by accusing the guilty financiers
not just of dishonesty but of deliberately sabotaging
the economy for political reasons.

34


policy ranked equal as
both had 33 respondents
ing 9.2 per’ cent
of the sample size.
The major problems
facing.the Nigerian socie-
ty would be solved better
by the military:

In all, 210 respondents
representing 58.3 per sent
opined that -the military
was a better option:

But 90, representing 25
per cent of the sample saw
civilian as a better option.

Some respondents saw
both the civilians and
military as Nigerians who
have similar orientation.

The 16.7 per cent who
rejected both military and
civilian systems claimed
that unless there was a re-
orientation of the Nige-
rian value system, these
problems would continue
to plague che Nigerian
society.

high taste, and a pervert-
‘ed sense of value, which
came alongside the oil
boom.
There has been a lack
cohesive planning, leading

19274
CSO: 3400/320

54

to the neglect of agricul-
ture and the development
of a mono-product
economy. Consequently,
administration of Produce
Marketing Boards,
hitherto the nation’s
money earner, became
lax, leading to their
eventually being
scrapped.

Now, we find. ourselves
back-tracking towards
agriculture; but efforts to

* revamp the sector is being

curtailed by the Land Use
Act, which ironically, was
enacted’ to make land
acquisition easier.

that only. the wealthy,
have access to land.
Our 26 years of inde-

period, government
became Army property.

On the positive side, the
creation of states

faster

ment geared towards even
social, cultural and
‘economic development. It
also enhanced the dis-

the states became
conscious of minerals in
their areas, which they
wanted to exploit, to
generate revenue for deve-
lopment.



white Spaniards or blacks? The blacks! They have the larger percentage! And
where are they? Castro is gaining the strength to try to do the same thing
here in Angola. We cannot and will not accept this. This is why I call them
the Spaniards from Cuba.

Question: Returning to the justice of tha internationalization of the Angolan
conflict.

Answer: The conflict is internationalized. As I said, UNITA's weak point was
that we did not have the Americans behind us, whereas the MPLA had the Cubans;
it had the Russians. By coming to Angola, the Russians internationalized the
conflict. A small country--an African country. Why Cuba, why the Russians?
Now that the Americans have come in, we have to take advantage of it. They
say that where two elephants get into a fight, it is the grass that pays,
right? But the grass of Angola has already been paying for many years. It
is even necessary for the. Americans to intervene in Angola and in greater
force. It is not just a matter of giving us--or not. giving us--the Stinger
missile. America has to intervene, not only with greater force but also polit-
ically.

Question: Politically?

Answer: Politically, to say to the Russians that there is no reason for the
two countries to confront each other in a small country like this, a country
which must have 7 million inhabitants, at most. Why? Angola's strategic po-
sition does not justify a confrontation between the two great powers.

Question:. But will there be a confrontation, as you see it?

Answer: No, I think not. If the Americans intervene more boldly, the Rus-
sians will back off. Because they cannot explain a confrontation between the
two great powers in Angola. But if the Americans are timid, then the Russians
will keep it up: I prefer the first option.

Question: According to recent reports, Zambia might allow the Cubans and So-
viets to have access to UNITA positions in Angola, via the common border.
This would have serious repercussions for UNITA, which would have to split up
its combat fronts and it would certainly divert its attention from advancing
toward the north. Do you agree, Dr Savimbi?

Answer: No, we don't.want. this. Nor is this in the interest of President
Kaunda, who is grappling with a serious economic and political situation. It
would not be a good thing for him. So I am more inclined to say that Kaunda
would not do this. In any event, we are going to contact various African
countries to see if they can dissuade President Kaunda from possibly author-
izing the Cubans and the FAPLA ‘to use his territory, because he has a lot to
lose. So I am inclined to be optimistic. He will not do it. Because if he
does, President Kaunda is going to have serious problems. Kaunda has never
fought. He cries a lot. He cried so much that the English took pity on him
and gave him independence. Even today, when he has serious problems, he cries
and cries. But if he starts to fight, he can't cry. So.I don't think he is

20


SOUTH AFRICA

REPORTER SHEDS LIGHT ON KWAZULU/NATAL INDABA

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 24-30 Oct 86 p 3

[Text]

THE cloud of secrecy shrouding the
Kwazulu/Natal Indaba has been parted
slightly, revealing plans for a new
non-racial political organisation, the
Indaba Alliance Party, and a
constitutional proposal giving “over-
representation” to the white minority.
~ While the 37 organisations involved
in the Indaba negotiate constitutional
proposals behind closed doors, an
umbrella party promoting the aims of
the Indaba in regional and
parliamentary politics becomes more
likely, one well-placed delegate said
this week.

Under the umbrella, our informant.
said, would be. Inkatha, the New
Republic Party, possibly the PFP and
the ‘Indian and the coloured
parliamentary parties. PFP observers
at the Indaba have expressed doubts
about their involvement in a national

arty. :

The infrastructure for such an
informal coalition already exists in the
form: of the Indaba’s Image
Management Committee (IMC),

responsible for an upbeat advertising:

campaign on the Indaba in: all major
Natal papers.

The IMC is “a dominant force in the
Indaba”, capable of shifting Natal
National Party members through
sheer force of money.

The IMC is made up of top men
from industry, agriculture, Inkatha,
the PFP and the NRP. “The Nats just
can’t approach the IMC financially.
They must have about R1-million just
for temporary publicity.

“They’re not really pushing info
about the Indaba (in this week's
adverts). They’re lobbying support

87

for next year’s referendum after the
government takes a look at the
proposals,” the source said.

If the IMC progresses as expected, it
may even pay the considerable costs of
a Kwazulu/Natal referendum. Such a
referendum will probably be run on a
racial basis, but would be open to all
population groups.

;An official Indaba Alliance. Party
would be based on the formula of
Namibia's: ruling Democratic
Turbhalle. Alliance. The DTA model
greatly impressed Indaba members
who went to Namibia last month — to
the extent that some now wear DTA
ties.

Even though the. Kwazulu/Natal
constitution and legislature are still
embryonic, a few. features are
emerging.

One is a complicated system for the
protection of minority parties. (not.
minorities per se) within a framework
of proportional representation .

The tentative model accepts “over-
representation of minorities on a non-
racial basis” in order to provide
everyone. with access to — if not
necessarily power over — critical
decisions .

Perhaps to emphasise the point or
‘detract from the implications, the
phrases “minorities” and.“on a non-
racial” have been underlined in their
documents. .

Two constitutional models giving
“over-representation” to minorities
are currently being debated. One
requires an automatic 50 percent
increase.in seats for every party with
under 15 percent of the vote.



It is not known if anyone in the President's office, the Prime Minister's office
or the Ministry of Foreign Affairs will, upon hearing this, feel embarrassed.
The truth is that there are apparently those who prefer to let the ivory get
away. However, Ambassador Brito e Cunha, Foreign Affairs Ministry spokesman,
created an opening for hope when he stated to TAL & QUAL, "Perhaps even this
year the Luso-Mozambican Mixed Commission will meet"-which it has not done
since 1984. Fine, perhaps this year...

13026/9869
cso: 3542/12

41



DAILY MARKS 9TH ANNIVERSARY OF CLAMPDOWN ON BLACK RESISTANCE
Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 19 Oct 86 p 4

[Article by Zb Molefe]

[Text]

SUNDAY marks the ninth anniversary of the
government’s October 19 clampdown on black

resistance.

Sunday also sees this country entering the 130th day of

the second state of emergency of 1986.

On this day nine years ago, former Justice Minister Jimmy
Kruger clamped down on 18 ~ mostly black consciousness —

organisations and thrée publications.

On this day nine years ago, The World and the Weekend
World under the editorship of present City Press editor Percy
Qoboza and the Christian Institute mouthpiece Pro Veritate

were banned,

The organisations banned were: Black People’s Convention,
SA Students’ Organisation, SA Students’ Movement, Union

of Black Journalists, Black Community Programs Limited, ,
Black Parents’ Association, Soweto Students’ Representative '

Council, Black Women’s Federation, National Youth Organi-

sation, Border Youth Organisation, Eastern Province Youth;

Organisation, Medupe Writers’ Association, Natal Youth

Organisation, Transvaal Youth Organisation, Western Cape }

Youth Organisation, Zimele Trust Fund and Siyazinceda

Trust Fund and the Asseca (an educational body). °

On this day nine years ago, East London’s Daily Dispatch
editor Donald Woods, former Christian Institute director Dr
Beyers Naude, Christian Institute Cape director Rev Theo

Kotze, Chris-

tian Institute

administrative

director Brian

Brown, Pro Ver-

itate editor Cedric May-

son, Ravan Press head Pe-

ter Randall. and Cape

Town Anglican priest Da-

vid Russel were banned.
On this day nine years

ago, Soweto Teachers’

Action Committee of Six

members Aubrey Mo-

koena, Curtis Nkondo and

82

SOUTH AFRICA

Fanyana Mazibuko, Per-
cy Qoboza and Weekend
World news editor Ag-
grey Klaaste, Rev Sman-
galiso Mkatshwa, George
Wauchope and BCP
members Kenny Rachidi
and Rev Drake Ntshen-
keng were detained.

According to the Sur-
vey of Race Relations in
South Africa of 1977, 49
white people and 119
black people had been de-
tained by the end of No-
vember 1977.

On November 30,
1977, 714 people were be-
ing held without trial, ac-
cording to the Survey of
Race Relations.

But what has happened
since that “black Wednes-
day” nine years ago?

@ Anti-apartheid organi-
sations regrouped, with
massive growth among
community organisations,
trade unions and student
groups. For instance, the
banning of the SA Stu-
dents’ Organisation saw
the formation of the Con-
gress of SA Students —
banned last September —
and the Azanian Stu-
dents’ Movement.

@ Repression _ has inten-
sified - for example,
about 20 000 South Afri-
cans have been detained


{Text]

19274
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3400/321

State.

SECURITY agents on Thurs-
day wisked away to Lagos a
number of ex-politicians who-
have been campaigning for the
release of ex-governor of Kano

Alhaji Mohammed
Abubakar Rimi. .

Sources said those picked up in
the early hours of Thursday in-
duded Alhaji Lili Gabari, Alhaji
Lawal Dambazau and Alhaji Sule
Lamido.

Others were Alhaji Hamza
Bichi. former Commissioner for
Education. Alhaji Danjani Hade-
jia, former member of defunct
House of Re ntatives and
Alhaji Ammani Inuwa.

They were alleged to have been
spearheading a campaign for the
release of the ex-governor and
were planning to obtain signa-
tures of at least one million peo-
fle to support their campaign.

About two weeks ago, the ar-
rested former politicians publish-

59

SECURITY AGENTS ROUND UP FORMER POLITICIANS

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 27 Sep 86 p 16

ed an article in a national daily
calling on President Ibrahim
Babangida to release Mohamm-
ed Rimi.

Police Public Relations Officer
in Kano, Superintendent Basil
Nwadikusah, told the New
Nigerian that he was not aware of
the arrest of the former NPP
leaders and no security officer at
the SSS Department in Bompai.
was ready to speak on the matter.

NIGERIA



under the current emer-
gency regulations, accord-
rig to Cape Town's Re-,
pression Monitoring;
Group. |
This means 84 people
have been detained each
day.
@ The United Democrat-
ic Front — formed in
August 1983 — has been
declared an affected or-
ganisation.
@The Congress of SA
Trade Unions, with a
membership of 700000,
and the Azactu/Cusa
worker federation, were
formed.
@ The United States im-
posed sanctions on SA.
@The Internal Security
Act of 1982 replaced the
Internal Security Act ‘of
1950, the Suppression of
Communism Act of 1953,
the Riotous Assemblies
Act of 1956 and sections
of the General Laws
Amendments. The Act
served. to consolidate all
security legislation. Other
security legislation passed
were the Protection of In-
formation Act, Intimida-
tion Act, and the Demon-
strations in or near Court
Buildings Prohibition Act.
@ Boycotts and demon-
strations in schools affect-
ed about 7% of the school
population. In August
1984, for example, dem-
onstrations affected

19274
CSO: 3400/327

83

800 000 schoolchildren.
This week a number of
organisations were pre-
paring services to com-
memorate the October 17
clampdown. ,
The Media Workers’
Association of SA - which
weekend in
fifth annual
“national congress — will
have as ne of its tasks a
spotlight and reflection on
“black Wednesday”.

‘As one Johannesburg
journalist put it last
year:“By banning black
consciousness organisa~
tions, Pretoria had hoped
— as in in March 1960,:
when it outlawed the Afri-
can National Congress
and ‘the Pan Africanist ;
Congress — to deal a crip-!
pling blow to the struggle '
against apartheid and for
‘Majority rule.”

But after nine years, re-
sistance has not been
crushed.

Maybe the government
should have listened to the
Institute of Race Rela-
tions in September 1984
when it called for the un-
banning of .the ANC;
PAC and the. 18 black
consciousness  organisa-
tions.

~* For this call can still be

heard loud and clear in
the townships. t



"DRASTIC' DECLINE IN LUXURY rvebets REPORTED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 22 Oct 86 p 9

[Article by Mick Collins]

({Text]

19274
cso:

3400/328

A POOR exchange rate coupled with
crushing import duties are making
SA stop and think before splurging
on luxury imports.

A snap survey by Business Day
indicates a drastic two-year falloff
in chic sports cars, French, Italian
and German wines and Persian car-
pets. Imported confectionery and
cigarette sales have also been hit.

“The money is still there, but
ple appear a bit nervous about
Spending it,” says Christoph Kopke,

of Lindsay Saker Porsche.
“Turnover is nowhere near the level
of two years ago.”

Most dealers say turnover levels
are running at 15% to 20% of what
they were two years ago.

'M of TAK, Robert Scheimann,
whose company is the agent for Lan-
cia and Ferrari, says business is not
what it used to be. “Prices have gone
through the ceiling because of the
poor exchange rate.

“We have been lucky in that there
has been a shift away from imported
sports cars towards the executive-
type vehicle. We recently introduced

e Lancia Thema and, as with any
new, vehicle, there is always inter-
”

Liquor consultant Michael Fridj-

hon says there has been a vast falloff
in wine imports, with trade levels
running at about 15% of what they
were two years ago.

“This is especially noticeable in
the lower price ranges. Where these
wines were able to compete on the
local market, this is no longer the
case.

“People who paid R4 a bottle two
years ago are not willing to pay be-
tween R7 and R8 now.”

The upper end of the market
where consumers paid R50 a bottle
two years ago is still surviving, but
only just. “Volumes are so small I
don’t know anybody who is still mak-
ing money importing wine.

“Large retailers still import, but
they do so to extend product range
and can afford to sit with stock.”

Nat Lipman of Persian carpet
dealers Victor Lidchi says there has
been a definite falloff in sales.

“There has been a drop throughout
the oriental market. Other than an-
tiques which have been validated by
the British Antique Dealers’ Associ-
ation, a 30% import charge plus a
10% surcharge is applicable.”

118

SOUTH AFRICA


PEOPLE CALL FOR FEWER, CHEAPER CAR MODELS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 22 Oct 86 p 2

[Article by Mick Collins]

[Text]

19274
cso:

THE proliferation of models in the
heavily overtraded new vehicle
market has prompted consumers to
vote for a reduction in the number of
models available.

A Markinor Gallup poll, carried out
among 1000 white adults in the metro-
politan centres shows that 85% would
rather have a limited choice of less ex-
pensive models.

Only 11% opted for a wider choice,
even if this made it more difficult for
manufacturers to hold down prices.

The number of models currently
available in the passenger and commer-
cial sectors is reported to be 100.

The poll was conducted in August, and
a high degree of accuracy is claimed.

The chances are 19 out of 20 that if
every single adult living in any of the
metropolitan areas had been asked the
same question, the results of the survey

3400/329

would have differed from the poll find-
ings by no more than three percentage
points.

The question that was asked was: “It
has been argued that if SA had fewer car
manufacturers, who in turn produced
fewer models, the cost of cars would not
increase as rapidly as they have. Would
you rather have a wide choice of rela-
tively e: ive cars, or a limited
choice of expensive cars?”

SOUTH AFRICA

The limited support for variety as’

Op} to economy comes from motor-
ists under the age of 25 (18%), from those’
with a post-matric education (16%) and
those with a monthly household income
of R3500 or more (18%).

Women are the more practical sex,
with only 8% preferring a wide choice,
while men at 14% showed more flam-
boyant tastes.

121



It is not unusual for Savimbi to send for this one and that one at midnight
or at dawn, to work with him. "Vacation" is not in his vocabulary.

"Where would I go?" he jokes.

I joke, too: "The United States...."

He laughs: "No. no...."

I ask: "What about free time?"
He laughs: "We don't have any free time. If we did, we would work."
Deeply Religious

Often Savimbi works to a background of classical music. There were cassette
tapes of Beethoven, Mozart and Vivaldi.

I express my surprise that there are only Western composers.

"Sure. They are the product of the Christian civilization, which is the West-
ern civilization. It isn't that we don't want to hear music that is not West-
ern, but in the environment in which we were raised, we think this music tells
us something."

Savimbi admits he is "deeply religious" and he knows the Bible well. He is Pro-
testant. "And I am still protesting." He smiles.

"But you have had bad things to say about the Protestant Church."

"For two reasons: first, because the Protestant Church is not aiding the
struggle for peace’in Angola. It is compromising with the regime. Second,
by attacking the Protestant Church, I do not make any enemies. If I were to
attack the Catholic Church, I, who am not Catholic, could make enemies."

Lesson of History

Passionately interested in history, Savimbi can recite, with great ease, dates,
places, facts, names and statistics. "I-have read history books, biographies,
sociological works. I don't read novels. I have read a good deal about poli-
ticians. I can name some for you: de Gaulle, Churchill, Roosevelt, Ataturk--
who was the leader and unifier of Turkey, Grivas-- a combatant of Cyprus,
Stalin. I have read about almost everyone who has had an influence on the
world."

"What is your aversion to novels?"
"It is not 'aversion.' It is lack of time. This means that my time is allotted

to learn something, quickly, that I can use tomorrow. Since my life is very
active, it is very costly for me to read a novel. A novel is relaxing and

28


"Stinger" missiles which President Reagan offered to Jonas Savimbi after the
UNITA leader visited the White House and within the program of military aid
to the Angolan rebels, unblocked at the beginning of this year by the Repub-
lican congressmen.

During an interview in Jamba, Dr Savimbi would later tell me jokingly: "We do
not admit that’ we have the 'Stinger' and we are also not admitting that we
don't have the ‘Stinger’ (he smiles). It is a riddle we will never solve.
Even if those who deliver the 'Stinger' decide one day to affirm that they
have delivered the 'Stinger.' They are the ones who will say it. Not us."

I sensed in Savimbi the same self-confidence that I had already noticed in the
FALA officers on the Cuito front.

Something has changed, militarily, for UNITA in the last 2 months. "We are
much more optimistic this year, despite greater involvement by the Cubans in
Angola," I was told by young Brigadier General Wambu, who coordinates mili-
tary intelligence for UNITA.

The noisy attack on Cuito-Cuanavale was on 9 August, with heavy shelling by
the C-120. The engagement lasted for 12 days. There were almost 200 cas-
ualties on the side of the beseiged and a few more than 40 casualties were re-
ported by the UNITA apparat.

On 12 August, according to Brig Gen Wambu, 12 FAPLA radars were destroyed and
on 13 August the activity intensified with the shelling of the airport.

An accusation hung over UNITA, from Futungo de Pelas. Angolan President Ed-
uardo dos Santos claimed that the rebels were receiving assistance from Pre-
torian jets and from South African mercenaries.

As he told us, Savimbi challenges any observer, or newsman, "to come up with
any trace, any indication, of South African participation in the bombardment
of Cuito-Cuanavale." According to Savimbi, he himself challenged President
dos Santos to publicly present four South Africans whom the FAPLA said had
been captured in the battle of Cuito. "He did not produce anyone," Savimbi
declared triumphantly.

On the second day at the Cuito-Cuanavale front, I tried to get a better under-
standing of the purpose of the shelling by the FALA--and to find evidence, "at
the front," of South African."collaboration."

South Africa Taboo

For UNITA officers, the question of South Africa is taboo. ‘They know that
any journalist who enters Angola by the UNITA "door" will always try to dis-
cover traces, indications, witnesses, details, confirming South African mili-
tary aid or participation in Angolan territory.

Capt Jaime complained: "We are annoyed that they take us for South African
forces. South Africa is an obsession among the journalists who visit us. I


NIGERIA

NATION WOOED FOR MILITARY/TECH TRANSFER VALUE AT AIR SHOW

Lagos THE AFRICAN GUARDIAN in English 9 Oct 86 pp 10-11

[Text]

IGERIA, like most other Afri-

can states, was well represented
at the Farnborough air show. Defence
minister, Major General Domkat Bali,
led a team which also included Chief of
Air Staff, Air Vice Marshal Ibrahim
Alfa and Commodore Babatunde Eleg-
bede, the Defence Intelligence Agency
(DIA) boss. General Bali hinted in
Lagos shortly before the air show that
Nigeria’s representation was officially
requested by organisers of the exhibi-
tion. He told The African Guardian
then that his presence at the show was
not to be shopping-oriented, but neces-
sary for learning and planning; learning
what is new on the scene of systems
technology which he described as very
useful in defence planning.

In the same vien, most other invited
African delegations were in the show to
“open their eyes wider.”

Nigeria is considered strategic in
opening up the eyes of most other Afri-
can nations for the sales of military
wares. And Nigeria’s military aircraft
trade partners such as Italy’s Aermac-
chi, confirmed as much when a com-
pany representative who praised the
quality of Nigerian pilots in Farn-
borough, stressed that good trade rela-
tions with Nigeria was top priority with
Aermacchi. The reasoning- was that
other African countries could be stimu-
lated to establish trade links with the

company for easy sale of combat air-
craft.

The Nigeria Airforce is flying 12 of
Aermacchi’s MB339A _ trainer/light
ground attack aircraft and three other

43

African states fly an earlier version
(326K). The point that most African
countries desire, is the possibility of
military aerospace technological trans-
fer from the experienced advanced
countries. .

Some of the bell-ringing names in
Nigeria’s aerospace history present in
Farnborough this year, included Amer-
ica’s Boeing, architects of the Nigeria
Airways massive airliner haulers of the
present times, and its close contender in
the mill, Airbus Industries — the Euro-
pean winner consortium for medium
and large capacity commuters.

Also. starring were Aerospatiale,
makers of NAF’s Puma/Super Puma
military transporters, British aeros-
pace, makers of the controversial.
Jaguar fighters, Dassault, the French
partner builders of the Jaguar and the
Alpha jet, a collaborative programm
between Dassault, West Germany’s
Dornier. Other Nigerian military air-
craft partners at the show included
Aeritalia of NAF’s G222 transporter
fame, and Aeronauticca — Macchi, the
Italian firm which built the MB339 Aer-
macchi trainer/fighter jets, the youngest
pool of combat aircraft in NAF’s
Arsenal.

But these two, West Germany’s
Mersseschmitt Bolkow Blohm (MBB)
and Dornier are certainly significant
names in Nigeria’s present day military
aviation status.

Dornier, which has become a bus-
stop name in Nigerian military and even
civilian circles, has a long standing trade
relations with Nigeria dating back to



"It is a conversation between commanders. It says; ‘State minister of secur-
ity. Report from Cuito to Menongue, The security minister in Cuito informs
the security minister in Menongue that the enemy is at this moment bombarding
my position. The fire is coming from the other side of the river in the di-
rection of the 25th Brigade. The situation is bad.’ Menongue replies: 'OK.'"

The captain continues to decode the messages attributed to the government

forces. "From the forward command post of Cuito to the 25th Brigade: ‘Info
situation in your position.’ The 25th Brigade replies: ‘The shelling is still
going on.' Again, the forward command post of Cuito: 'The shells are even

reaching my position here. Take every precaution to avoid destruction of the
tanks and BM-2ls, if there is a fire.'"

Other information intercepted by the listening service of the FALA (Armed
Forces for the Liberation of Angola, as the UNITA political-military super-
structure is known) refers to communications between the forward command post
of Cuito-Cuanavale and the operation center at Menongue, capital of Kuando-
Kubango Province, one of the most important centers of the FAPLA (Peoples'
Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola, the government forces) and the So-
viet-Cuban forces in southern Angola.

"Kwacha 120"

For the UNITA, Menongue is a historic symbol: until the colonial military ex~
pansion in Angola, it was the capital of the "Kings of the Southeast," a ter-
ritory which today corresponds practically to a geographic area of one-third
of the Angolan territory that UNITA refers to as "free lands of Angola."

Capt Jaime continues: "The first conversation that we heard was between the
forward command post of Cuito and the commander of the 25th Brigade, and all
of this is subordinated to Menongue. The last messages intercepted are from
the Cuito forward post to Menongue. 'The situation is bad right now, because
the enemy is shelling my position. There are also shells going out toward the
position of the 25th Brigade.’ Menongue replies: 'Info type of weapon enemy
is using.' The command post reports that they are '100nm's.* Menongue signs
off with 'OK.'"

Here Capt Jaime is suddenly indignant, tossing aside the paper with the mess-
ages in a sign of displeasure. "These people don't know anything about weap~
ons. We don't have these '10Qmn' cannons. We use a more sophisticated ~
weapon which usually creates fear and even panic in the enemy,. because, really,
it is effective: 120nm shells, motor-powered...."

I interrupt him: "Manufactured by...?" ,

He smiles and replies pointedly: "It is the Kwacha 120. Made by UNITA."
Who Spoke of "Stingers"?

Destructive shells on the Cuito-Cuanavale front. Markings in English. Origin
“uhknown." Also "unknown" is the location and "existence" of the famous



MOZAMBIQUE

MAK DU PREEZ RECALLS MNR'S ‘UNSAVORY' PAST
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 Oct 86 p 9
[Article by Max du Preez]

[Text] Mozambican rebels would have everything going for them in the power
vacuum left by the death of charismatic President Machel--if only they could
shed their past.

The Mozambique National Resistance Movement (MNR) was truly born in sin--as a
puppet movement of the Rhodesian Army and later of the South African Defence
Force, The Mozambican masses, however desperate, will never forgive this un-
holy conception,

The Rhodesians brought together a motley bunch who shared only a hatred for
Frelimo, which had assumed power after the Portuguese left. A nuimber of these
elements had been operating after independence in 1975. They included several
groups of blacks sponsored and led by dispossessed Portuguese colonials, such
as Orlando Christina and Jorge Jardim,

Another element represented people unhappy with Frelimo's undermining of the
authority of the tribal chiefs. A third element formed around black deserters
from the Portuguese army, Frelimo guerrilla leaders ousted after bitter power
struggles also joined,

Over its nine years, the MNR has had only two leaders, The official MNR
history says it was formed in February 1977 when its first leader, Andre
Matadi Matsangaissa, launched the first armed attack on a Frelimo patrol,
When Matsangaissa died in 1979, Afonso Mecacho Marisetta Dhlakama took over.
He is still the president.

The son of a tribal chief from Sofala province, Dhlakama deserted from the
Portuguese Army to join Frelimo in 1972. He rose through the ranks and became
a provincial commander along with Matsangaissa but later grew frustrated with
Frelimo officers’ corruption and abuse of power, eventually crossing into
Rhodesia to assist Christina,

Beneath the two presidents, however, the MNR has been torn by infighting.

37



INFLATION RATE TAKES PERCENTAGE POINT JUMP

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 21 Oct 86 p 5

[article by Daan de Kock]

[Text]

19274
cso

3400/328

THE South-African
year-on-year _ inflation
rate jumped sharply by
one percentage point to
19,7 percent at the end
of September from the
previous month’s 18,7
percent and 18,2 per-
cent in July.

Adam Jacobs, econo-
mist at Volkskas, said
last night the sharp in-
crease in the inflation
rate is mainly due to a
further increase in the
price of food. products
and imported inflation.

Mr Jacobs pointed
out that the average in-
flation rate for the first
nine months of the year
now comes to 18,6 per-
cent. With only three
months to go, it is very
unlikely that the aver-
age rate could be less
than 18,5 percent.

Figures released by
the Central Statistics
Office in Pretoria show
a monthly gain of 1,9
percent in the all-items
index to 236,7 in Sep-

tember after’a 1,5 per-
cent rise to 232,2 in Au-
gust (1980 = 100).

A year ago the index
stood at 197,8 and the
year-on-year inflation
rate at 16,6 percent.

The food-only index
rose to 233,7 in Septem-
ber from 230,0 in Au-
gust and 191,1 in Sep-
tember last year. This
gives a monthly gain of
1,6 percent. One of the
reasons for this sharp in-i
crease is the rise in the’
prices of meat and veg-
etables.

The year-on-year in-
crease’ for food only
came to 22,3 percent.

The increase for the
lower income group was
1,8 percent for the
month and 19,8 percent
on a year-on-year basis.
The rise for the middle
income group came to
1,8 percent and 20,1
percent respectively and
that for the higher in-
come group to 2 percent
and 19,4 percent re-
spectively.

117

SOUTH AFRICA



Answer: (Laughing) It is not communism. Not communism. First of all, let me
say that I don't believe in communism....

Question.: But let us say that this is not the communism of the Eastern bloc
countries.

Answer: Yes, but I am telling you this right away so I can speak more freely.
I want to tell you what’ I believe. If I were to-tell you everything that I
don't believe in...it might be more destructive. We have here a political,
economic and military way of life that conditions have imposed on us. To sur-
vive, we had to mobilize our people to work. And to work without pay, to work
for the common good. People think this is very strange. In the second place,
we have to make an effort so we won't disappear and if we start with the idio-
syncrasies of this or that individual, with differentiation, the result is
that UNITA-will be weak and will not be able to face up to the Russians and
Cubans.

Your words remind me of those of a Protestant missionary who spent a long
time in Angola. His name was Henderson. He wanted to tell me that this was f
the communism that Jesus Christ preached. What we have here is a form of sur-
vival. If we permit cleavages, our people will be weak. This mobilization
has enabled us to get through 10 years. In any event, this system is not so
rigid, either. For example, in the area of agriculture, we permit the exis-
tence of farms--they are called plantations—-which belong to the army and to
the party, but we also have farms which belong to individuals; that is, pri-
vate land. We don't want individuals to become just instruments of struggle.
Sure - want them to take part in the struggle--this is what we have in com-
mon, what brings us together--but we also want people to have their private
life. Even in our rallies, in our lessons, we want to make it clear that this
is a temporary situation. As soon as the country is free, everyone will re-
turn to his own life and will develop his own activity according to his
ability.

Lessons of Mao-Tse-Tung

Question: Another aspect: the organization ahd, let us say, the military aes~
thetic appear to me to be Maoist....

Answer: We are always being accused of something. So we have become reticent.
When’ UNITA was created, it was because we wanted to fight against the Port-
uguese colonization. We had no one to train us. So we went to China. It
was me, the secretary and a few others. At that time we were called Maoists.
We were attacked by the Americans, by the Russians, by the neighboring coun-
tries. After Maoists, we were calléd PIDE [International Police for Defense
of the State] agents. After that, we were with the CIA. Now we are called
agents of South Africa. UNITA wants to have this ability to assimilate every-
thing that is positive from the other people, but to keep the Angolan soul
intact.

Question: What did Dr Savimbi assimilate from the Chinese?

16



Negra," was beaten, 2 to 0, by the "Estrela Vermelha," in Jamba, on the Sun-
day when the Sixth UNITA Congress ended.

Two comrades in arms, two adversaries in soccer: Brig Gen Ben and Capt. Jaime
both play the game. and occupy the same position (midfield defense) ‘in differ-
ent terrain.

Today the captain is dad. "Estrela Negra" needed him. And it lost.
Interview with Savimbi
Lisbon 0 JORNAL in Portuguese 26 Sep 86 pp9-15

[Text of interview with UNITA leader Jonas Savimbi, by Antonio Duarte, in
Jamba, Angola, date not given; first paragraph is‘O JORNAL introduction ]

({Text] "If the UNITA students were expelled from Portugal, I, personally,
would take a drastic. stand. against Portugal," warned Jonas Savimbi, in an ex-
clusive interview granted to 0 JORNAL in Jamba, in southeastern Angola. The

_ UNITA leader believes that: Portugal has a “moral responsibility for what is hap-
pening in Anggla"‘and suggests that our country could facilitate a settlement
of the conflict, maintaining "contact with the warring parties." In the in+
terview with 0. JORNAL, Savimbi revealed that "several EEC countries have: di-
rect contacts with UNITA today" and advocates that "the Americans intervene
more forcefully in Angola," so that the Soviets 'back.off." Regarding the
MPLA, "the patriots in the MPLA are not foreigners. They are Angolans, like
‘us. We have enormous political differences, but we cannot leave our coun-
try."

0 JORNAL: What has changed, in UNITA, since the Reagan-Savimbi meeting in
Washington?

Savimbi: Many things have changed. UNITA now has better diplomatic prospects.
We needed the support of a great power and now we think we have this support.

Question: UNITA says it is a socialist movement and advocates nonalignment.
Isn't it a contradiction to have. such a strong tie with a great capitalist
power and NATO leader?

Answer: No. First.we must correct you. We are no longer nonaligned. After the
recent Sixth Congress we. eliminated the slogan of nonalignment from our move-
ment, not because of our relations with the United States, but simply because
of nonalignment with Fidel Castro. Fidel Castro must be the most closely
aligned individual around’, who always carries out the missions of the Russians.
Qadhafi is nonaligned and he performs missions for international terrorism.

So. we think that the original spirit of nonalignment--the spirit of Nasser, of
Nehru, of Tito--is dead. Soviet agents have infiltrated the nonaligned move-
ment. So we who are warring against Soviet expansionism cannot accept this
slogan of nonalignment.

Question: Then, at this moment the UNITA is a movement aligned with the United
States?

11



19987

Inflation Rate Takes Percentage Point Jump
(Daan de Kock; THE CITIZEN, 21 Oct 86) wseeceeeseeseerers

'Drastic' Decline in Luxury Imports Reported

(Mick Collins; BUSINESS DAY, 22 Oct -86)

Wine Producers Income Expected To Increase

(Chris Cairncross; BUSINESS DAY, 22 Oct

Fishing Industry To Be Told of Controls

People

Briefs

(Chris Cairncross; BUSINESS DAY, 23 Oct

Call for Fewer, Cheaper Car Models
(Mick Collins; BUSINESS DAY, 22 Oct 86)

Food Export Market Lies North

86) weeeccscceees

86) ceecececceeee

117

118

119

120

121

122



SOUTH AFRICA

ASSOCOM CALLS FOR COMMUNITY POLICE
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Oct 86 p 12

[Text] Concern about the rising incidence of urban crime led Assocom to pro-
pose that community-based police forces be established under the jurisdiction
of the South African Police,

In a unanimously accepted motion passed at the Assocom congress in Johannes-
burg yesterday, the Minister of Law and Order was urged to encourage a higher
level of community involvement in crime prevention by actively promoting com—
munity-based neighbourhood crime watch programmes,

It was stressed that those involved in the neighbourhood crime watch program-
mes should not be armed, All they would do would be to keep an eye on what
was going on in their neighbourhoods,

They would work in close co-operation with the SAP,

The recent decision to train 1,000 special constables in three weeks for
auxiliary work in the townships was seen as a commendable, but inadéquate
move, The need for more properly trained policemen was stressed.

In a related move, Assocom called on the Minister of Justice to seek ways and
means of streamlining the judicial process so as to encourage victims of petty
crimes in particular, to report these to the police and pursue any consequen-—
tial prosecution,

Many people, it was said, declined to press charges against criminals because
of the amount of time they "wasted" at court while waiting to give evidence,

A suggestion was made that a night court dealing particularly with less se-
rious crimes--something along the lines of the successful small claims court--
could be introduced.

19274
CSO: 3400/333

107



PROGRESS OF CHAD BASIN OIL EXPLORATION

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 25 Sep 86 pp 1, 3

[Text]

‘THE Nigerian National
Petroleum Corporation
(NNPC), has spent nearly
four million Naira on its ex-

depth of 4.663 kilometres
fore the well was ter-
minated when it hit the base-

ment.

Alhaji Rilywanu 1also said the
corporation’s processin;
centre in Benin had recorded 2
ge success,

He said the first phase of the
national hydrocarbon reserves
evaluation project which in-
volved the independent
evaluation of reserves of
about 30 selected Nigerian
fields had been completed and

r

19274
CSO: 3400/323

that second phase of’ the pro-
ject took off with the commis-
sioning of the National Hydro-
carbon Reserves Evaluation
Centre in Benin on September
56.

According to the minister,
the four seismic crews work-
ing for NNPC, two of them
wholly owned by the corpora-
tion, acauired a total of 1.154
kilometres of sub-surface data
since the beginning of this
year at an estimated cost of
4.6 million Naira.

He said Party X, based at
Onitsha, had recently com-
pleted a seismic reconnais-
sance programme in the Okiti-
pupa tar sand belt at a cost of
about half a million Naira.

Alhaji Rilwanu also said
plans were on hand to update

66

NIGERIA

Party X seismic data acquisi-
uvon equipment to sercel/368
with telemetry system before
the end of the year.

Commenting on the re-
organisation at the NNPC, the
minister said the exercise was
now being implemented and.
that movement of all sectors
to six various operational base
had now been completed.

He said the pipelines sector
has its headquarters in
Mobimi, Ogiin State, refineries
in Kaduna, petro-chemicals in
Port Harcourt, oi! gas in
Benin, petroleum inspectorate
and administration will re-
main in Lagos.


capable of making this decision. In the second place, despite the alliances

that President Kaunda is now weaving together with the Soviets, we must re-

member that it- was President Kaunda who called the Russians "tigers" and. the |
Cubans "the sons of the tigers." So he is not an individual who is in agree- i
ment with the Soviet position inside Angola. I just think the West is not

very consistent. So UNITA will not have three fronts: a northern front, a

front to defend the free territory and another diversionary front, because of

Kaunda. Frankly, we do not want to attack Kaunda. And if Kaunda allows them

to attack us, he knows that it will have to be a quick operation. Sincerely,

as I know Zambia like the palm-of my hand, as I know the Zambian people and the

relations between the Zambian people and UNITA, an operation of this kind

would have the most serious and immediate repercussions for Kaunda. No one

would stand for a prolonged border war between us and Kaunda. It would have

to be a very rapid operation and be over quickly. There are no highways in

the region and, starting in November, there is no contact between Lusaka and

these border zones. Kaunda would lose a piece of territory.

How Many Cubans?

Question: Do you think that, in a situation like that, South Africa would im-
mediately intervene in the region?

Answer: No, I think South Africa already: has enough problems. They have their
own problems. They should be encouraged to solve them and not to intervene
again in independent African countries.

Question: Did, or did not, the South Africans take part in the attack on
Cuito-Cuanavale on 9 August?

Answer: You were at Cuito-Cuanavale.
Question: I was there. Several days later....

Answer: I was there at the attack on Cuito, but my word is the word of a UNITA
combatant. But you were there. What conclusions did you draw?

Question: I did not see any evidence of South African participation; but I
also observed that the subject is taboo.

Answer: But the commanders are willing to discuss it. You certainly saw our
troops, didn't you. If you saw our troops in action, you must have noticed
that they were very different from that army of tanks that the MPLA talked
about. You would have to have seen signs. Evidence.

Question: Well then, how is it explained that President Eduardo dos Santos has
even talked about South African prisoners?

Answer: He is my countryman; otherwise I would say he is stupid. He said they

had killed 95 South Africans and captured 4. On the same day, I held a press
conference here in Jamba, during which I presented three FAPLA soldiers

21



It was 2000 hours. ‘The trucks carried us to the UNITA command post again: a
trip of almost 3 hours.

When we arrived, I asked Capt Jaime if he wasn't tired from the day's march.
He smiled back: "No, it was nothing. I'm used to it. A 30-kilometer march
is nothing."

A 30-kilometer, march, "against the clock," on sandy terrain. The young sol-
diers of UNITA do it routinely, without batting an eye, with weapons on their
backs and an imperturbable air,’ motivated by the promise of an Angolan "para-
dise," without Cubans..and without Soviets.

It was the third day at the Cuito-Cuanavale front, the day we were to return
to Jamba. At 0800 hours sharp, there was a "briefing" with Brig Gen Ben, in
the "n'jango" (a thatched hut which occupies the central space of a small
African settlement and serves as a common room), partly walled.

“We intercepted more enemy messages during yesterday's attack. They talked
about the destruction of a truck which transports FM-21s, an ‘orgao de Sta-
line' and a 23mm antiaircraft cannon. They also reported 8 wounded. if

there were any dead, they never mentioned them in the radio communications."

Brig Gen Ben was of the opinion that the government tvoops stationed at Cuito
had neither the materiel nor sufficient manpower to respond to the UNITA at-
tacks.

According to the UNITA officer, while we.were at the front, the Luanda troops
had two brigades (one with 213 and the other with 12 (sic]. men) in the city of
Cuito-Cuanavale, as well.as an encampment of Soviets and ‘Cubans (tanks and in-
fantry) and 8 FAPLA battalions, with 450 men each.

Regarding armament, Brig Gen Ben reported that the government forces have
BM-21's ("orgaos de Staline’) and BM-l4s, 76um cannons and between 10 aid 15
tanks, "all of Soviet manufacture," in Cuito. Cuito-Cuanavale is also pio—
tected by the MiG 21s and MiG 23s, which take off from the Menongue airfield
and frequently bomb UNITA positions. (I saw the remains of.an MiG-21 nea: the
front.)

The UNITA officers do not hide the fact that their principal fear, in the zom-
bat zones, is the tanks and the MiGs, but they say little about this now.

Brig Gen Ben told me: "This year we are better equipped. We have enough mater-
jel and troop strength to deter them."

Truck Convoy Attacked

At the Cuito front, UNITA said that 65 percent of its war materiel had been
captured from the government forces: a large "stock" of "Kalash" machineguns
and AK-47s, 76um and SAM-7 cannons, as well as transport vehicles. And the:
the "new'' materiel: the awesome C-120s, the antitank guns and antiaircraft--
the ground-to-air missiles.



Answer: I think that Portugal is always ahead, always! Because of the lan~
guage. You see how we ‘understand each other? We are reacting to the dia-
logue. Always! It is not a matter of money. It is not a matter of the
F-15's, No. It is that it is easier to communicate. It will enable us to
travel a long road together, a road that will also have to be built on mutual
respect.

Question: Once UNITA is in Luanda, who can say that it will carry out its pro-
gram, its good intentions?’

Answer: We will carry them out. We are honest. We are people of our won,
The suffering we have endured, arid will still have to endure, has taught us
that the world is not ’so small {sic}. You ‘can't go around telling lies here,
telling lies there, without paying the penalty. We cannot lie. We have to be
men of our word, to be respected."

[Box, pp 12-13]
Savimbi, the Guerrilla Who Listens to Beethoven

The interview took place at sunset, with no appointment, in a building of the
UNITA's military intelligence services in Jamba.

Savimbi's arrivalwas preceded by an "unloading" of soldiers who guard him.
Some 10 minutes later, I heard a siren. A small company of powerful vehicles
raised a cloud of dust on the streets of the city, stopping abruptly at the
entrance of the building.

The UNITA leader stepped out of the third vehicle, a modern jeep of Japanese
make, with right-hand drive. He smiled, looked rapidly all around him and
strode forward. "Let's get to the interview, then."

Bitterness

Savimbi enjoys ritual. He was interviewed by O JORNAL in front of a small
audience of officers and under the watchful eye of Miguel N'Zau Puna, secre-
tary general of UNITA. They all took notes. ‘Two of them tape-recorded the con~
versation.

Jonas Malheiro Savimbi, aged 52, was born. in the town of Munhango, Moxico Prov—
ince. He received a degree in Political Studies and Law from the University
of Lausanne, Switzerland. He is president of UNITA, "supreme commander of the
FALA," ‘chief of a "state" within a state; he is one of the most vocal and con-
troversial guerrillas in Africa.

Meanwhile, the "legend" of Savimbi has been written in "twisted lines"; accu-
sations of collaboration with the PIDE and the CIA, of being the "strong-arm"
of South Africa and the "lackey" of the North American imperialists.

All of which Savimbi tears apart with wit and vivacity and with an amoral
political frankness.

26



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

14 BLACKS ADMITTED TO SPORTS SOCIETY-~The Rand Sportswriters Society entered

a new era in Johannesburg yesterday when the first Black members of the sport-
ing media were admitted to the society, Some ten years ago the Media Workers
Association of South Africa, with predominately Black members, decided to dis—
sociate itself from the Sportswriters Association, which annually names the
Sportsman of the Year, At yesterday's annual meeting, held at the Wanderers in
Johannesburg, 14 membersoof the SABC$s Black sport staff applied to become
members--and were accepted unopposed, There were two other firsts at the
meeting, Pieter Kruger, a sports reporter at the SABC, became the first mem-
ber of the television media to assume chairmanship of the Sportswriters Society,
The Citizen sportswriter Gene Stephan also became the first woman to be elected
vice-chairman, The vice-chairman assumes automatic chairmanship the following
year. Miss Stephan became the first woman member of the society in 1976.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Oct 86 p 5] /9274

BLACK TELEVISION OWNERSHIP DOUBLES-~Black television ownership in Suburban
areas continues to increase and in July this year, more than half of Blacks
had televisions in their homes or access to one in a hostel. A survey con-
ducted by Market Research Africa Omnimetros in July this year included 1,000
Blacks--500 male, 500 female--from most the metropolitan areas in South Africa,
excluding Cape Town, The survey indicated that from March 1986 to July this
year, the "television incidence" in households, including hostels, had almost
doubled--from 29 percent to 53 percent. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in
English 24 Oct 86 p 14] /9274 .

NEW FACES IN TRANSKEI CABINET--Umtata--The new Transkei Cabinet announced by
the Prime Minister, Chief George Matanzima, in the National Assembly here yes-
terday contained a lot of surprises with five new Ministers and four Deputy-
Ministers being new faces, Of the 14 Ministers in the last Cabinet, seven
remained and Mr Mututuzeli, who lost his seat in Cofimvaba, was appointed to
the Cabinet in terms of a provision in the Constitution Act. Of the six other
Ministers only one, Mr Mike Mazwna, was promoted from Deputy-Ministership,
while all the four deputies were ordinary members. It was expected that a

few deserving Independents on merit would be enticed back to the party with
one or two positions, but it appears that they were completely ignored, Three
former Ministers had indicated earlier that they would step down from the
Cabinet for reasons of ill-health. They were Chief George Ndabankulu for Local
Government and Land Tenure, Chief D, D. P, Ndamse for Interior, and Mr A. N.
Jonas for Transport, [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Oct 86

p 13} /9274

cso; 3400/327
95



/13046
cso:

3400/352

In the other, most seats would be
fought for in a straight-forward
election. However, 40 percent of the
seats would be divided among small
parties which would otherwise be
eliminated by numerical giants such as
Inkatha .

These smaller parties may or may
not be based on race— the choice is
their own.

“Basically a party will go to the
administration before an election and
Say: we won’t be able to get enough
seats. Help us.” The party then waits
for the 40 percent to be divided
proportionally among all the parties
which qualified.

All aspects are still being negotiated,
so specifics details are not yet known.

Some of the more conservative
Indaba participants are still calling for
whites to have a greater say in the
affairs of the province. Others who
have realised that white guarantees
aren’t likely to be accepted are still
wistful. — Concord News

88



the lighter materiel will be used in guerrilla actions. In this area, UNITA
‘s like "fish in the water." Brig Gen Ben says:

‘A convoy of 137 trucks is traveling from Menongue to Cuito-Cuanavale, with
the 16th Brigade. We think it is going there to rebuild the Cuito airfield
and to supply food to the city. The convoy is escorted by three MiGs. The
enemy suspects that we have the South African Air Force with us."

And then, with undisguised pride: "The UNITA guerrillas attacked this convoy
on 31 September, between Longa and Luassanga. ‘The enemy lost 6 men, 18 men
were wounded and 3 trucks were destroyed (one carrying food, a water truck,
and one carrying materials). We had only two battalions in the area. It is
impossible to wipe out the whole convoy, which is, clearly, a resupply col-
umn. Other enemy forces are stationed near the bridge which we destroyed, in
Longa, and they are trying to set up a movable bridge."

The destruction of the bridge at Longa, the constant rebel ambushes and the
danger of mines have made the Menongue-Cuito road, 210 kilometers long, al-
most impassible. The situation in the Menongue-Cuito corridor forces the gov-
ernment troops to take winding, lengthy and risky routes whenever they try to
bring more supplies to Cuito-Cuanavale.

Menongue Corridor: Safety Valve

According. to Savimbi'’s officers, the Menongue~Cuito corridor was formed in
successiv2 "attempts by the government forces to retake the town of Mavinga,
which wae captured by UNITA in 1981," in a "strategy of military advance" to
the southeast: the "domain" of. Jamba, the "provisional capital " of the
UNITA.

It is about 700 kilometers from Jamba (an Umbundo word meaning "elephant,"
"powerful force," "weight") to the Cuito-Cuanavale front, over sharply wind-
ing paths and trails, passing through FALA control posts and patrols, rivers
and settlements, from the "Lands at the End of the Earth"--as the Portuguese
called the extensive hunting reserve, from the Namibian border to the game
preserves of Mavinga--to the grassy plains and fertile lands in the center and
north of Kuando-Kubango Province, where UNITA has organized agricultural ven-
tures and has offered land to small peasant farmers.

Acco:ding to Capt Jaime, the support which UNITA receives from the Angolan
peasints is one of the "secrets" of the advance of Savimbi's forces in FAPLA
territory.

No filitary Solution

Brg Gen Ben told me: "What we are attempting is to prevent [the enemy] from or-
orjanizing. Time is in our favor. We are about to enter the rainy season,
wh.ch favors guerrilla techniques and enables us to strengthen our positions.

We are already sending out guerrilla forces to set up ambushes on the roads to
Maongue, Uige and Huambo. Our strategic goal is to encircle and control them,
sc as to weaken them. At this time, our strategy is defensive and any offen-
s.ve action is only meant to weaken the enemy."



According to the 1985 Transkei census, for
every one man who finds work in Transkei, six.
have to work in South Africa as migrant workers.
The census highlights unemployment levels:
nearly 14 percent of the men are unemployed and:
more than 75 percent of the women.

The census was supervised by Peter Wakelin,
deputy director of the Institute for Management
and Development. :

He is now in detention.

Another census indicator of the skewed
distribution of wealth in Transkei and the poverty
of most of its people is its infant mortality rate of

~-110 per, 1 000 live births, meaning that for every:
1.000 babies born, 110 die before the age of one.

The overall infant mortality for black people is
between 50-60 deaths for every 1.000 live births.

It perhaps indicative of the Transkei regime's:
prionties that it allocates more money for nurses’
uniforms (R250 000) than it does for vaccines
(R140 000) in its latest budget. . .

Transkei’s rulers, however, maintain tight
control over the territory, crushing every sign of
dissent and even pursuing vendettas against the
few brave individuals who voice-their opposition.

The centrepiece of the legal apparatus for
control is Transkei’s omnibus Public Security Act.
Apart from providing for detention without trial,
arbitrary banning and banishment by decree, it
defines as treasonable any: statement which “defies

or is repugnant to the sovereignty of parliament or

the constitutional independence of Transkei”.

The. Jaw means that a person opposed to
Transkei independence risks prosecution for
treason — a capital offence — for advocating the
reuinification of Transkei into South Africa.

The presumption in the law is that the accused is
guilty until proved innocent.

Kaiser Matanzima could, however, pledge
Transkei to the ideal of a “greater South Africa”,
and to: the “reunification of all those whom
apartheid divides”, in a brief flirtation in 1983

with what appeared to be “treason” as defined in :

the Public Security Act.
He was not prosecuted.

He committed himself at the same time to an
equitable redistribution of land and wealth in the
envisaged greater South Africa (but not, it seems,
in Transkei in the interim).

- Transkei anticipated South Africa’s declaration
of a general State of Emergency by six years: It
has been under one since 1980 and under a night

19274
CSO: 3400/335

94

curfew since mid-1985 when guerrillas sabotaged
the petrol depot in Transkei. . .

Another legal instruinent of control is the 1982
law which established regional authority courts.

‘These courts fall under the chiefs, with the same
judicial powers as magistrates. Lawyers are
prohibited from appearing before these tribal
courts, which have the power to sentence
offenders to long periods of jail.

Hundreds of people have been detained without
trial in Transkei in the past two years, including
many school pupils. A few were later arraigned
before the regional court at Qamata and sentenced
to seven lashes each.

Power ‘is sometimes exercised even more

brutally, as manifest on September 24 last year in
the small town of Cala. On that day Batwanda
Ndondo, an expelled member of the Student
Representative Council at the University of
Transkei, was shot dead in broad daylight by four
people whom eyewitnesses suspected were
plainclothes police or police agents.
"As bullets were pumped into Ndondo by the
suspected police — three men and a woman — a
eyewitness asked: “Whose child is it that you are
killing like a dog?” The killers replied: “He is a
terrorist.”

Kaiser Matanzima then personally pronouncéd
Ndondo’s guilt. “He is the one who came from
Lesotho with others and exploded a bomb in
Umntata,” Matanzima declared. “You will see the
communists will be asking what Ndondo's done.
Must you (Transkeians) all be killed because of
these people? Your president and your cabinet will
not allow such atrocities to take place.”

A year later, the younger Matanzima made a
similar speech,

When Ndondo’s. relatives, who include the
lawyer, Dumisa Ntsebeza, protested about the
killing, they were banned and banished.

Two policemen have since been charged with the
killing, one of whom did not even appear in court.
The hearing was postponed. The man who:
appeared in court was released on his own
cognisances. No warrant for contempt of court
was issued against the policemen who failed to
appear.

After a decade of independence the rulers of
Transkei have emerged, not as the liberators of
South Africa but, in the words of Frank Molteno,
“the commandants of the bantustan labour
camps”.



SOUTH AFRICA

MUSLIM LEADER ATTENDS CONGRESS IN LIBYA, MEETS QADHDHAFI

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 20 Oct 86 p 4

[Text]

MUSLIM missionary Moulana Mo-
hamed Sher Choudhry has just re-
turned to Durban from a trip to
Tripoli where he met Libyan lead-
er Colonel Muhammar Gaddafi.

Pakistani-born and Durban-
based, with a degree from Karachi
University in Islamic sciences and
modern thoughts, Moulana
Choudry met Colonel Gadaffi and
resumed an earlier meeting’s dis-
cussion on Koranic thought and
politics. .

Talking about South Africa’s
participation at international level,
Moulana said that when
the Union of Muslim Councils for
East, Central and Southern Africa
was formed earlier this year, there
was a move to exclude this coun-

try.

“But we insisted that we be in-
cluded and we got support from
the Libyans that South Africa
should not be isolated.”

Later at ‘this meeting in Gabo-
one he was elected to the seven-
member executive.

A few weeks ago, Moulana
Choudhry led a delegation of South
Africans to Tripoli.

It was the third congress of the

19274

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3400/333

World Islamic Call Council and
Moulana Choudhry was one ‘of 10
speakers.

Subsequently, -he was nominated
the 35th executive member of the
world organisation.

This move gave South African
Muslims a voice to the world com-
munity of Islam.

Moulana Choudhry said today
that Colonel Gaddafi was a great
thinker.

The moulana travelled widely in
Libya, looking at the political, judi-
cial, economic and other systems
affecting the lives of the people
there.

Moulana Choudhry has ad-
dressed more than a.dozen interna-

99

tional conferences in Africa and’
has met heads of state and diplo-
mats on various public platforms

and in private.

Moulana Ch said Colonel
Gaddafi was not what the western
world saw him as.

“Among the heads of state of
Muslim countries, not many have
the profound insight and vision of
Colonel Gaddafi.

“He administers his country with
Islamic standards and is no tyrant. ;

“I have seen him challenged in
public debate, confronted by peo-
ple who disagree with some as-
pects of the administration.

“And he treats his critics with
respect.”



SOUTH AFRICA

_GM'S IMPORTANCE TO EASTERN CAPE REGION EXAMINED
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 20 Oct 86 p 11
{Article by Chris Moerdyk]

{Text} Port Elizabeth, once the “Detroit of South Africa”, is again

holding its breath — this time about fears of a pull-out by -
motor-industry patriarch General Motors (GM).

For some time now GM South Africa (GMSA) has been looking
for a local partner to give it access to the local capital market and
to ensure continuation should its American parent decide to give up
on its 60-year-old South African offspring.

So far it hasn’t managed to find anyone willing to sink millions of
rands into the risky business of building motor vehicles.

‘The effect of abandoning this roughly half a billion rand invest-
ment would be nothing short of catastrophic for the already strug-
gling Eastern Cape.

Mr Brian Matthew, executive director of the Midland Chamber
of Industries, is quite emphatic about the consequences of a GM
pull-out. It would simply mean disaster, he says.

“Even though GM and Volkswagen are the only two motor manu-
facturers left down here, the motor vehicle industry, with all its
ancilliary suppliers, is still driving the economy.

“at the moment black unemployment is over 50 percent and I
don’t know how much more we can absorb,” he said.

“We have certainly had our share of violence here and to be
realistic, there is no doubt that this has been caused by economic
factors. In the days when car sales were booming, people down |
here saw their future getting brighter — then suddenly they were :
dumped.” :

‘The disappearance of GM from the scene will also have far-
reaching social ramifications. The company has been one of the
front-runners in applying the Sullivan Code and was a founder
member of the recently-formed US Corporate Council on South
Africa which is directed toward the abolition of apartheid.

GM has an equal-opportunity, equal-facility programme that
really works and it is involved in graduate in-training pro-
grammes, the Adopt-a-school project and pays for books and school
fees for children of black employees. In 1973 the company made a
loan to the Port Elizabeth City Council of $500 000 for the construc-
tion of homes in the coloured residential area.

In the industry itself, GMSA has been described as the “weak-

ling” with declining sales and a market share of about seven per-

- cent. The point is, however, that this weakling has managed to
make it through the bad times when others have withdrawn.

Only three years ago 11 of the original 20 car manufacturers
present in the early 1970s still remained. Now there are seven and
GM is one of them.

115



with his own philosophy that a good army

general knows when to retreat and when

to advance in a war. ‘“‘If the workers had

advanced at the point of the government ac-
tion, there would have been calamity,”’ he
said.

His defence struck a cordial chord in
Ali Chiroma, the congress president, who,
in defence of the pounding the NLC is
receiving said ‘‘mine are probably the
darkest days for workers in this country.””
He, however. added a proviso in self
defence, saying, ‘‘strike is, in fact, not my
own individual approach to labour pro-
blems.””

Internal rifts between the pro-west and
the pro-east factions of the NLC came to
the fore during the crisis with the govern-
ment and has since taken phenomenal
dimensions. When solidarity was most
needed by the congress, the National
Union of Petroleum and Natural Gas
Workers, NUPENG, a pro-west faction,
criticised the congress for planning to
demonstrate against the ABU killing. Ina
press statement, the union described the
plan as ‘“‘senseless and reprehensible’? and
urged the federal government to probe the
activities of the congress. Enas Dubre,
leader of the NUPENG, failed in his bid
to clinch the NLC leadership from
Chiroma in the February 1984 election.

The ideological clash which has since
become a ding-dong affair between the
two groups headed for the worse when the
International Transport Federation, ITF,
conference was to hold in Lagos recently.
The pro-east NLC leadership of Chiroma
was alleged to have aided federal govern-
ment in cancelling it as a counter attack
on NUPENG. The ITF which has western
sympathy is believed to be strong enough
to put a dent on the apartheid regime in
South Africa — if its affiliates world-wide
agreed to boycott South African sea ports
and ships as they had threatened to do.
With the factional war still raging,
Adeosun said he wonders how the con-
gress could serve as a spring board for a
workers’ party.

The dust had hardly settled over the
ITF conference in Lagos when the
‘‘democrats’’ masquerading as a
NUPENG faction picked up trouble again
in Port Harcourt. At the biennial
delegates conference, officials of
NUPENG and other ‘‘democrats’” who
are opposed to the NLC leadership lashed
Chiroma. Richard Uzegbu, president of
the faction, blamed the labour crisis on
“the ignoble role which certain func-
tionaries of the NLC have played.” He
accused NLC leadership of. “tehearsing a

confrontationist posture and meaningless

f
f

62

radicalism against government.” Takai
Shammang, president-general of National
Union of Electricity and Gas Workers,
NUEG, accused NLC leadership of “‘mor-
bid ambition”’ to control labour unions.”

They were not alone. Their companion
in the trade, N.E.O. Nwanga, represen-_
tative of a faction of National Union of
Food Beverages and Tobacco Employees,
condemned what he called: ‘‘NLC’s unho-
ly alliance with the trade union advisory
division of the Federal Ministry of Labour
and Productivity to aid and abet intra-
union crisis in the country.’” NLC’s critics
at the conference were legion. A.O.
Laniyan, general-secretary of Metallic and.
Non-metallic Mine Workers Union said
the congress had converted itself into ‘‘an
instrument of ideological coercion with
the ultimate aim of destabilising unions
whose leadership they find difficult to
coerce.””

The NLC, through S.N. Muhammed,
its head of information, said, “the fanning
of an illusionary ideological war in the
congress is aimed at giving justification to
their inordinate ambition to attract
foreign sympathy and the rewards that
usually go with it.””

He accused the embittered leaders of
dividing the congress because of “their
personal failures at congress elections.”’

While the factional war continues, a
disenchanted former officer of the con-
gress, E.I. Amaechi, who until last year,
was NLC’s head of research and econo-
mic department, said ‘‘anyone conversant
with the plans and activities of the congress
would know that it is always determined to
pull down any government it did not install,
including the present one.” As he wrote it in
a national weekly, any event that has no
bearing on wages, salaries or conditions
of service should not draw demonstration
from the NLC. Therefore, counselled
government to ‘‘dissolve the NLC out-
tight after a probe and deal with each in-
dustrial union on its own standing.”

The federal government may not have
listened to Amaechi. But it could have
played on the internal rift between fhe
NLC leadership divided into pro-west and
pro-east factions to deal another blow on
the congress when it promulgated
Decree 17, Trade Unions (Miscellaneous
Provisions) of 1986 which barred senior
staff associations from affiliating with the
NLC. It was a decree that reduced the
membership and the financial strength of
the NLC. Moreso, it forbids deduction of
salaries of the senior staffers into NLC
purse. However, thé Academic. Staff
Union of Universities, ASUU, and the
Shop and Distributive Trade Senior Staff



It said that the petroleum resources minister, Alhaji Rilwanu Lukman recently
confirmed this in Lagos saying that exportation of the country's Liquefied
Natural Gas (LNG) to overseas markets would start in 1990.

The newsletter quoted the minister as saying that "market investigations
extended to USA, Japan, Brazil and Western Europe indicate that of the po-
tential gas market, Western Europe offers the best prospects for Nigeria's
LNG at this time,"

It said that investigations so far reveal that Nigeria's geographical location

is an advantage when compared with the locations of other suppliers of gas to
Western Europe such as Algeria, Norway and Soviet Union.

19274
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68


President Reagan is. UNITA and its people must take this factor into account.
They observe: this is 1986; we have until 1988.

Question: Does this mean arranging for enough reserves of war material to
see you through the "lean years"?

Answer: Maybe not stocks of materiel, but reserves of. the stuff of action--
reserves of morale. People must reach what I would call a point of no return.
UNITA must win irreversible victories, at home and abroad.

Question: Such as...?

Answer: Diplomatic, military, economic, political...we must win irreversible
victories; whoever comes to occupy the White House, the struggle must be a
factor that no one can ignore. And, in 2 years, if UNITA cannot accomplish
that--with the facilities it has today, with the mobilizing capacity it en-
joys--it will have lost its chance.

Question: The European Common Market countries do not officially support UNITA.
Why do you think this is?

Answer: They do not officially support UNITA, but they are not opposed to it,
either. It is a question of time. Petroleum‘has lost the attraction it once
had, it is no longer a lure. It is not the same thing today. So I think that
many EEC countries, if they are not reconsidering their relations with the Lu-
anda government, even so may already be seeing that the only alternative is not
to deal with Luanda alone but also with UNITA. And- without being indiscreet,

I can say that several EEC countries are already maintaining direct contacts
with UNITA.

Question: Which ones?

Answer: I can't say, but this is the truth. It is said, and not in any nega-
tive sense, that the EEC thinks with France and acts with German money. If
this is true, UNITA has contacts in these two countries.

Question: The EEC did not Look favorably on your presence at the inauguration
of President Pieter Botha. And then declaring that UNITA is against “apart-
heid."

Answer: I don't. know if they looked unfavorably on it...because I was even
congratulated. by certain African chiefs of state for having had the courage to
do it.

Question: Which. chiefs of state?

Answer: Well, I can't answer that. But we are against apartheid and have al-
ways been against it. I think it is necessary to convince the South»Africans
that they are on the wrong path. They are on the wrong path. Times have
changed. But I think it is very hypocritical, for example, for President
Machel to have signed the N'Komati accord, all dressed up in his marshal's

13



U.S, PULLOUT WILL HARM SOCIAL PROGRAMS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 Oct 86 p 3

[Text]

19274
cso:

THE spate of disinvestments by
US multinationals could have
dramatic long-term implications
for the funding of local education
and community projects through
corporate social responsibility
ammes.

PM and General Motors, the
largest US com) to announce
their withdrawal recently, say the

will maintain commitments to social

responsibility projects.
jut executives, who administer

these projects and benefit from the
corporate aid, now wonder what will
happen when the money already ap-
propriated runs out. And some are
scrambling to line up new benefac-
tors on the expectation that more US.
companies will pull out.

“Obviously, we're concerned,” said
Lente-Louise Louw, national director
of Protec, a programme providing
technical education for black youths
which receives half its funding from
American rations. “We're cer-
tainly not going to get the same com-
mitment from companies that are
moving out, because they won't be
participating in one of the codes.”

Companies that agree to follow the
Sullivan Code — a code of principles
for US corporate behaviour — are
obliged to spend between 5% and 12%
of their total wage bill on social re-
sponsibility projects for education,

3400/330

community improvement and social
justice. As ‘well many companies do-
nate staff time, equipment and facili-
ties to charitable organisations.

An IBM spokesman said yesterday:
$m ona gocal responsibilty pr

jm on a Ly

ject would be honoured, Cidher
through the IBM-SA Project Fund or
some other entity. But the new com-
pany has not committed itself to sup-
poring projects beyond the scope of

3 existing commitment. The
spokesman said: “Negotiations
haven't reached that level of detail.”

Mel Brooks, director of the Uni-
versity of Witwatersrand Centre for
Developing Business, said a cut-off of
funding from IBM and other sponsors ;
would be “tragic”. He said: “IBM
played a significant role in black

usiness development, and we sin-
cerely hope it continues.” Similarly,
American Chamber of Commerce di-
rector Ken Mason said further disin-
vestment could threaten the contin-
ued operation of the chamber’s Pace
College in Soweto.

GM MD Bob White said on Monday
evening the company’s sale agree-
ment would include wording designed
to protect ongoing social responsibil-
ity programmes, but did not give
more details.

96

SOUTH AFRICA



for the Stinger. Why does the world have this negative idea of the intellec+
tual capacity of the Africans? I will explain....

Question: Is it racism?

Answer: No. I don't. say racism. It is just that the Africans don't try to do
anything by themselves. They always go around with their hand stretched out.
So they don't have the courage to say: "If you don't want to give it to us,
then don't." We said to the South Africans: "You want to send a colonel here
to watch over how ‘we use the weapons, then get out." And they went away.

They left. But they have continued to help us. I am an admirer of General
de Gaulle. Gen de Gaulle said much that was true of the Americans when he
needed them. I also learned one thing from other chiefs of state: freedom
without dignity is not freedom. Anyone who wants us to be free recognizes

our human dignity. If they.send me a Stinger, I may be too old to learn, but
we have young people here who are going to learn to master the Stinger tech-
nology, isn't that so? So when the African countries constantly accept this
subservience, not only material but mental, they give up the freedom for which
they have been struggling for so many years. This is why we are not totally
dependent on South Africa. We are not . The South African comes here and we
talk. Is there a common interest? We ask and they deliver. If there is no
common interest, they don't deliver. They are free. The money belongs to
the South Africans. It is not ours. But the will to fight is ours; it does
not belong to the South Africans.

Question: Following up on what you said, Dr Savimbi, has the Stinger given you
good results?

Answer: Well, this is another problem. We do not admit ‘that we have. the
Stinger here and we are also not admitting that we don't have the Stinger.

(He smiles:) It-is a riddle that we will never solve.

Question: That's true. None of your officers will "unravel" it?

Answer: No officer is going to:admit that he has the Stinger, but no officer
is going to say he doesn't have it. There is almost no way out of the prob-
lem, until those who deliver the Stingers decide one day to say that they have
delivered the Stingers. They are the ones who will have to say it. We won't.
The "Spaniards".

Question: How did the South Africans view your meeting with President Reagan?
Answer: Well, first of all, we don't ask anyone's permission....

Question: Yes, but you must have some knowledge about Pretoria's reaction.
Answer: Just as we didn't ask the South Africans for permission to go to the
United States, we didn't have to give them an explanation. But I think that

any intelligent observer saw that our visit to the United States was a big
success. It had an enormous impact on the country, an enormous impact in

18


NEW TRADE MINISTER ON MINISTRY'S ROLE

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 29 Sep 86 p 1

[Article by Chris Obinagwam]

[Text]

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JIGERIA’S. ‘inter-
ests’ will ‘not. be.
compromised in
working... out~ trade
with its.
foreign trading
partners, the Minister
of Trade, Alhaji
Samaila:‘Mamman, has
said. ~~

sada a

‘The minister, however,
said that he was yet to
fully gtudy trade agree-
ments. between Nigeria
and her trading partners.

Alhaji Mamman
rejected ions that.
the miniatry’s main
function was the
issuance of import
licences.

The minister, - he
stressed also has the
responsibility of
monitoring sf
and industrial products to-
ensure rationalisation.

He, explained that
import licences was
introduced when the
nation’s foreign exchange
earnings dwindled and the
government had to put a
check on importation of
goods, adding that as
Ministry of Trade, issuing
import licences became its
functions.

Asked how he intends to

cope in the

ror all the divisions ae
cheaded by military
personnel, he smiled and
said that “we are all
Nigerians, I am just the
bose,”

on Maram,

“ expect an:

problem from anybody

47

NIGERIA



/13046
cso:

-In keeping with the government's

: promise that no more forced removals

will take place, the authorities claim.
the Despatch folk moved willingly.

“A number of families asked the
Town Clerk to be allowed to move to
Kwanobuhle, because they would be
closer to their jobs in Uitenhage,” a
representative of the Kwanobuhle
Town Council explained.

But the newest residents in the
sprawling tent town built on a muddy
slope of Kwanobuhle deny this.

“The police came at night with
loudspeakers. They had guns with
them. They told us if we didn’t move
they would break down our homes,”
Yvonne Ntinge, a mother of two told a
Black Sash delegation who visited the
site last week.

“All we got were 50 nails to
reassemble our homes.”

A ‘representative of the Sash
delegation said the group had split up
and interviewed residents separately.
All told the same story. And all said
they would return to their old
township if given the choice.

Residents interviewed said their
children had to continue attending
school. at Despatch, but many had
dropped out as it cost R1,20 to travel
to and from the school by bus. It took

3400/352

92

children more than an hour and a half
to walk the distance... :

According to the Sash, residents
complained that the tin toilets in
Kwanobuhle were emptied only
irregularly, forcing residents to
empty the contents into the bush.

Water trucks filled the black water
troughs with drinking water every
few days, residents said. But the
troughs were uncovered and the water -
became dirty. There was no water
available in which to bathe or wash
clothing.

Although some residents have
rebuilt their shacks, most are still
living in tents supplied by the
Kwanobuhle Town Council, the Sash
representative said, When it rained,
water poured down the slope into the
tents, soaking everywhere.

Today, a school and about. four
houses are the only buildings left,
standing in Despatch’s old township. |
‘When the Sash group visited the area a:
hog was snuffling through the garbage
and three women were scavenging
what they could from the remains.

According to the Sash, residents in
the remaining houses said they had
shown the police certificates proving
their employers were helping them to
build their own houses. They were
told they, too, would. have to leave.


--On Ronald Reagan: (Long pause) "President of the United States and a good

--On

--On

--0n

--0On

--0n

--0n

--0On

--0On

friend to UNITA."

Mikhail Gorbachev: (Long pause) "Already an old leader of the Soviet
Union. In the beginning, the West thought he was someone with whom it
could negotiate, but he has bun the government for a long time and can,
at times, be very dangerous."

Mobuto Sese Seko: (Answers calmly) "President of the Republic of Zaire,
who established legitimacy. Very courageous man."

Margaret Thatcher: (Quick answer) "Prime minister of England. Conserv-
ative, who could have done more for UNITA and hasn't."

Raul Alfonsin: (Serenely) "Alfonsin, an Argentine. We think he did a
good thing to discipline the military, but it went on a little too long."

Daniel Ortega: (No hesitation) "Daniel Ortega is the current president of
Nicaragua. He has a lot to gain by not creating animosity against the
United States, because, in any case, he is facing a giant."

Robert Mugabe: (Stern expression) "A man whom I know very well. Prime
Minister of Zimbabwe, considered at one time to be a Maoist. He must be
cautious with the policy which he is pursuing now."

Mao Tse-Tung: (Quick reply) "Monument of China and of the Third World,
if we wish to define the Third World. China owes its independence and
its unification to Mao Tse-Tung."

Julius Caesar: (Changes expression and raises his voice) "Julius Caesar,
a great commander. Among several things that we can learn from him, Ju-
lius Caesar said (pause): 'It is better to be the chief of a village than
assistant chief in a capital.'"

Charles de Gaulle: (Serenely) "President and liberator of France. A very
dignified man. Everyone in France is a Gaullist. Even the Communists are
Gaullists, because it was de Gaulle who succeeded in uniting France, who
struggled against the Hitler regime."

Salazar: (Pause) "Salagar-was the dictator. No. Let us define the man
as I would like: a university professor of Coimbra, called to govern
Portugal by the Portuguese people, and later turned into a dictator and

a facist. To us Angolans, whom he colonized, Salazar cannot have any
good qualities, only defects. But among all these defects, there is one
that I would like to stress: unfortunately, when Salazar governed Portugal
and the colonies, none of us learned about politics. Politics belonged
to him. Now we are all beginning to understand politics."

6362
C8033442/13

30


uniform, with President Botha, and for insulting President Botha again, when

the port of Maputo depends of South African investments, when Mozambique sends
African workers to the South African mines. UNITA does not do this. We have

received proposals in the past and have said we will never do this. UNITA does
not send African workers to South Africa's mines.. When someone proposed to us
--it was to our secretary general--that we send 20,000 Angolans to work in the
Rand mines, we said: "Never!" But Machel takes money. He lives off the money
that. his men,:who are sent out as hired laborers, send back to Maputo, the cap-

ital. I think there is a good deal of contradiction here.
Question: But it was South Africa that didn't respect the N'Komati accord.

Answer: But, after all, why did President Machel sign the agreement? He is
against “apartheid.” So why did he make an agreement with the "apartheid"
regime ?

Question: To prevent the advance of RENAMO. The same way that UNITA seeks an
accord with the MPLA....

Answer: Absolutely not. To dialogue with the MPLA is to dialogue with pa-
triots. The patriots of the MPLA are not foreigners. They are Angolans, like
us. We have enormous political differences, but we cannot give up on our coun-
try. Whereas, when Machel deliberately signs the N'Komati accord, he knows
exactly what he is doing. Even so, I don't condemn him, even though he went
and signed the N'Komati accord. Why is it that, later, he wanted N'Komati to
be upheld? He did not have the courage to renounce it last year. After a
year, we thought: "He is going to renounce it." But he wants N'Komati to be
upheld, at the same time-as he insults the South Africans, as he is dependent
on the South Africans, as he sends workers to South Africa. I have just fin-
ished reading in some dispatches that President Houphouet-Boigny, of the Ivory
Coast, says the African countries will not be respected for making a bigger
outcry, but they will be respected if they make their own effort as nations to
make foreign countries respect them. Not by complaining in Harare with empty
pockets, right? So, if I went to President Botha's inauguration, it is be~
cause UNITA wants to have an influence over him. I, as a black, cannot say
it is a good thing to discriminate against blacks. But I can say to him:
"This is wrong, you don't [sic] have another path."

Question: Did you say this to President Botha?

Answer: Not just once; several times. I can tell you that he has already vis-
ited Jamba several times. But when he visits Jamba he is not received here
by any white. Everyone he meets here is black. When he stays here for 2, 3,
or 4 days, he does not bring any security with him, just the UNITA.sécurity.
So what we want first is to end the racism, in its intellectual form. It is
conditioning, isn't it? What we want is to do away with this conditioning.
Men should not be classified according to their skin color, but according to
their ability. And where does this ability come from? From equal opportun-
ity. We debate with President Botha as equal to equal. We point out the
errors. I was one of those who told President Botha that he should not have
created a Chamber for the coloreds, a Chamber for the Indians and not a

14


POLICE IN MAJOR DRIVE AGAINST CRIME

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 3 Oct 86 p 12

{Article by Andrew Orolua]

[Text]

POLICE in Bauchi State
fave arrested 749 in a major’
drive against increasing.
crime in the tast four weeks,
Commissioner of Police,
Abaji Yusutu Dari, has said.

He told newsmen that items
worth several thousands of
Naira were recovered in the
raids.

He said most of the people were
arrested for, itleness, thefts,
burglary ai ing in posses-
sion of stolen goods, adding that
567 of them have appeared in.
court, 182 released, 356 awaiting
trial and 211 already convicted.

The commissioner said 12,525
Naira bave been realized in fines
imposed various courts on
those convicted.

He said items recovered by the
police included 59 radio/tape
recorders, 20 television sets, 1€
video machines, i0 table and
standing fans, three generators,
four grinding machines, eight
refrigerators, a ping motor,
an electronic cooker, an electric
motor and air conditioner.

Alhaji Yusufu sajd the govern-
ment reservation area
(GRA) police recovered 20

19274

cso: 3400/321

motorcycles, three motor
vehicles suspected to have been
stolen.

He said during one of the police
raids, a search was conducted in

.the house of Alhaji, Mohammed

Dankunama following a tip-off
and a video, four black and white
television sets, a -generator, a
beller, a radio, a standing fan, a
sewing machine, a ladies hand
bag, a carton of car spare parts

58

NIGERIA

and six window frames were
found. _

He said the suspects have alsc
appeared in court for receiving
stolen property. He said Alhaji
Haladu Danbagobiri was ar-
raigned in court for dealing
im Indian hemp.

Fe appealed to the public to
cooperate with the police and

ive information which covld

ad to the arrest of criminals.



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

UNBANNING OF TAMBO URGED--Durban, 2 November, SAPA~-An Indian MP has written to
the minister of justice, Mr Kobie Coetsee, urging him to unban the president of
the African National Congress, Mr Oliver Tambo. The Solidarity Party's spokes~
man on justice, Mr Pat Poovalingam, said in the letter that, by silencing

Mr Tambo, “incalculable harm" was being done to the majority of South Africans,
who should have access to the ANC leader's utterances. Mr Tambo's banning was
"as unreasonable as it is unjust," Mr Poovalingam said in the letter, in which
he described the exiled ANC president as a "South African patriot."

Mr Poovalingam, MP for Reservoir Hills in the House of Delegates, urged the
minister to take urgent steps to remove banning orders on Mr Tambo and others.
{Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1345 GMT 2 Nov 86 MB] /12232

CSO: 3400/354

111



© The military budget

© Expenses for oil imports

e The costs for the Namibian
occupation and raids into neighbouring
frontline states.

© Costs of the Bantustan policy

e High government expenditure and
the drought

© The fall in the gold price and in the
foreign exchange value of the South
African Rand, as well as the foreign
debt.

Oil is the only strategic raw material
which is not found in exploitable quan-
tities in South Africa, yet it is vital for
the South African war-economy. South
Africa claims that its Sasol oil-from-coal
plants can meet the country’s needs to
a large extent, yet this source of energy
(whose production costs are exhorbi-
tant) can only provide for at least 30
per cent — and possibly as little as 22
per cent of the country’s needs. Until
the end of the decade South Africa will
have td import about 70 per cent of its
oil needs. The South African police
and military are highly dependent on
secret oil supplies, the exact amount of
which is kept secret.

Although France does supply South
Africa directly with oi] — French oil
companies and technicians play a cru-
cial role in providing the country’s
needs—the role played by the French
TOTAL Oil Company, along with
SHELL, MOBIL and BP is crucial.
They not only provide the know-how
for the budding energy industries in
South Africa, but also act as a shield in
the twilight world of sanctions-busting.

The French Anti-apartheid Move-
ment AAM is stepping up its ongoing
campaign for the isolation of South
Africa. Its next target is the French
TOTAL Oil Company, whose South
African subsidiary contributes to the
South African Government's total
strategy towards self-sufficiency in
energy. The French AAM dismisses
the position taken by TOTAL’s parent
company in France that it is not re-
sponsible for the activities of its affili-
ate. The AAM asks: “How can we
believe in the company’s good faith
when we know that TOTAL continues
to violate, since a long time, decree no.
1, of the United Nations Council for
Namibia, by exploiting the world’s
largest open cast uranium mine,”
which is found in Namibia?

The French AAM is launching a

113

campaign for boycotting TOTAL pro-
ducts in France, starting in October.
The AAM accuses TOTAL of main-
taining various activities in South Afri-
ca: from refining of petroleum products
to the prospecting of new energy re-
sources of replacements. The com-
pany’s scientists and its vast technolo-
gical experience in petroleum and oil
substances have been of crucial import-
ance in Pretoria’s search for oil and gas
in the past few years. Last year the
South African government announced
the discovery of off-shore gas reserves
near Mossel Bay, in the South coast.
The government-backed Southern Oil
Exploration Company (SOEKOR)
announced in July that the Mossel Bay
gas reserves could last well beyond the
originally estimated 30 years. The pro-
ject is estimated at 1.4 billion dollars.

. What also infuriates the French
AAM and anti-racist groups like the
Movement Against Racism and for the
Friendship Among People (MRAP) is
the lukewarm attitude adopted by the
present government when it comes to
the question of sanctions. Jaques Chir-
ac, the prime minister, although not
opposing the European Economic
Community’s sanctions, is not
altogether enthusiastic. On September
11, the newly-appointed French Secret-
ary of State for Economic Affairs,
Bernard Bosson, told the European
Parliament in Strasbourg that France
was not prepared to support the EEC
sanctions “unless there is unanimous
support” from the 12 members of the

community. “This is playing it fine...
knowing as we do that Britain and
West Germany, and possibly Portugal,
are against sanctions,” boasted the
French minister.

French right-wing newspaper, Le Quoti-

dien de Paris, revealed in Novem-
ber last year that the government-
controlled Aerospatiale Company was
sending highly specialised technicians
to South Africa to work on developing
a South African combat helicopter.
This “transfer of grey matter” is being
undertaken in secrecy. The newspap-
er’s complaint was that the French
were helping to install structures which
will permit South Africa to produce
combat helicopters -- “without the
commercial interests of this operation
being quite obvious.” At the time, of
course, the Prime Minister was socialist



ANGOLA

LISBON CORRESPONDENT VISITS UNITA CAMP, INTERVIEWS SAVIMBI
Action at Front

Lisbon 0 JORNAL in Portuguese 26 Sep 86 pp 4-8

[Article by Antonio Duarte]

[Text] "Battery! Mission accomplished! Target neutralized! Excellent engage-

ment! End of mission! Cease fire!"

On a plateau bordering one of the banks of the Cuito River, Brigadier General
Ben, one of the most talked-of officers in UNITA territory, had just called an
end to a new bombardment by the Angolan rebels against government positions on
the Cuito-Cuanavale front, in northern Kuando-Kubango Province.

Twenty mortar shells, highly explosive, had traveled 3.5 kilometers on an arc-
ing path, in two directions: the camp of the 25th Brigade (with Soviet person-
nel, according to Brigadier Ben); and the airfield at Cuito-Cuanavale (the sec-
ond most important location in Kuando-Kubango Province).

The bombardment lasted 2 hours, from 1630 hours until sunset. All along the
firing line, UNITA soldiers had dug trenches in the sandy ground. This time,
however, they would not be used; there was no responding fire from Cuito-
Cuanavale.

Meaning: of Silence

At the end of the attack, I noted an obvious relaxation among the UNITA soldiers,
as if they were convinced that any response from Cuito was unlikely.

It was time to dismantle the mortars and load them in the Ural trucks (captured
from the Soviets) and the Land Rover jeeps, and to hide the antitank guns (in a
metal structure which bore the inscription "Zaire").

Before we mounted the back of a Mercedes truck, with right-hand drive, which
would return us to the UNITA command post, 16 kilometers northeast of Cuito-
Cuanavale, Lieutenant Sousa, who had been accompanying us since Jamba, had been
telling me anecdotes about Juca Chaves.



homes, which have been bulldozed by |

the authorities immediately on the
residents’ departure. Despite a
chronic housing shortage, no one has
been allowed to build on these vacant
stands, Instead, they dot the area like
ancient ruins,

. Their former occupants have shifted
their belongings 25km away to
Letlhabile, a remote area especially
chosen by the government for
Oukasie’s blacks. “It is like a desert
there,” said David Modimoeng,
organiser of the area’s 3 000 Metal
and Allied Workers’ Union members.

“They promise us modern facilities
there. We ask, why not here? We are:
here already. It is because the whites,

want this place for themselves.”

Modimoeng has paid dearly for his
outspoken leadership. One night last
May, a hand grenade crashed through
his bedroom window, killing his wife
and seriously injuring him. At the
night vigil, police. hurled: teargas
cannisters at the mourners and
rounded up several known: militants

“I suspect the police played a role in
this,” said Modimoeng. “It was
because I was mobilising the
community against the. removal
threat.”

Since then, the State of Emergency,
now more than four months old, has
made activists like Modimoeng
extremely vulnerable to police
harassment.

“They are trying to kill the spirit of '
trade unionism here,” said
Modimoeng. “But two or three years
ago, the township was not well
organised. Now, with the removal
issue, the community is solid.”

In conversation, Oukasie’s residents
frequently interject with sneering
comments about the government’s
stated reform programme. “They talk
of reform,” said Modimoeng, bitterly.
“They are just trying to keep
apartheid alive.”

And so Oukasie has found new
forms of expression for its militancy.

Throughout the overcrowded
township, vacant lots have been tumed
into makeshift “people’s parks”. The
painted junk which serves as poor
people’s sculpture often displays
messages, like “We don’t move” and
“When you're tired of Oukasie,
you're tired of life”. And T-shirts
with slogans supporting trade unions.
or the United Democratic Front are an
increasingly common sight.

Under the government’s 38-year
tenure, nearly four million blacks

. have been forcibly resettled. In Brits,

it is clear this could be one of the most
violent removal battles yet fought.

Standing outside his house, looking
at the skeleton of what was once a
grocery store, Sello Ramakobye,
Brits’ National Auto and Allied
Workers Union representative, shook
his head. ;

“We are adamant,” he said. “We will
stay, with or without shops.”

Home for Roadside Refugees

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 24-30 Oct 86 p4

[Article by Franz Kruger]

[Text]

The people of Rala, dumped at the
roadside by the Ciskei government
early in September, have found a new
home in Kwelera, outside East
London.

The group of about 100 people have
been taken into the houses of Kwelera
residents. Their accommodation wil!
be made more permanent once it has
been established that the government
has no objection to their staying.

Kwelera’s own future remains
uncertain. It is a “black spot” whose
residents are scheduled for removal to

90

Ciskei. But residents decided to help
the Rala group anyway, in
consultations initiated by the Kwelera
Residents Association (KRA).

The association was formed to fight
the threat of removal but since its
headmen fled to Ciskei, it has become
the de facto authority in the area,
resolving disputes, allocating plots
and dealing with the authorities.

Said one Kwelera resident: “Those
Ciskei supporters fled, and so we have
space. These people were evicted
because they don’t support the Ciskei.
We have to help them.”



/13046
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3400/343

In response to the point about the withdrawal of
loans by the NSSF, government spokesmen argue
that the NSSF and the NHIF had a responsibility to
defend their depositors against any foreseeable risk
and that they were only taking a sensible precaution
at a time when the banks were already suspected of
being unsound. The government actually punished
the director of the NHIF, Peter Kariuki, by sending
him on compulsory leave pending investigation of

‘his investments into troubled financial institutions.

This demonstrated the government’s determination.
But then, the sceptics point out, Peter Kariuki is
also a Kikuyu.

Some aspects of the affair are perfectly clear.
The root cause of the banking collapse is financial
malpractice. Those accused of responsibility are lead-
ing Kikuyu businessmen, members of a community
which has come under political attack from the
government in recent years but has retained its
commercial power. The real losers, of course, are the
thousands of ordinary Kenyans who had deposited
money in the banks which have gone bust. President
Moi and his closest associates themselves have a

. reputation for business acumen which is becoming

the subject of criticism rather than admiration (AC
Vol.27, No.8). Kenyan capitalism itself is gaining an
increasingly tarnished reputation. e

35



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIERS

FOOD EXPORT MARKET LIES NORTH--SA's greatest potential food export market was
Africa, Deputy Minister of Agriculture G, Kotze said this week, Kotze was
guest speaker at the opening of the R8m Phesantekraal mushroom farm near
Durbanville, Cape Town, on Tuesday, He referred to a recent United Nations
report that warned that Africa's agricultural sector was in such a poor
state that, unless agricultural efforts were improved, famine would be more
severe in the future. The problems were the result of neglect rather than
drought conditions, Kotze said; "Our export market lies to the north, as
the rest of the African continent will need to take all the food it can get."
[Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 Oct 86 p 5] /9274

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122


SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY REJECTS ALLEGATIONS IN MACHEL DEATH
MB300848 Johannesburg International Serivce in English 0630 GMT 30 Oct 86
[Station commentary: "The Death of President Samora Machel"]

[Text] As the people of Mozambique mourned the passing of Samora Machel and
paid their last respects to their first head of state, petty politics intruded
into their grief. A number of prominent African personalities have accused
South Africa of being responsible for the air crash in which President Machel
lost his life, even though there is not a shred of evidence to support this
accusation, and even though South Africa has, at the highest level, emphatic-
ally denied the accusation.

It has also been alleged that South African officials delayed assisting sur-
vivors of the crash for some hours, being more interested--so it has been
alleged--in collecting documents that were in the ill-fated aircraft. This
accusation, as well, has been emphatically denied.

The factual position is that South African officials gave immediate attention
to the survivors. South Africa has demonstrated clearly to those who wish to
listen objectively that she wants the true picture--the facts and all the evi-
dence--to be made public, so that all can know exactly what caused the crash
in which President Machel died.

To this end, South Africa had earlier accorded immediate access to the crash
site to representatives of the Mozambican and Russian Governments and had in-
vited these governments to participate in the investigation into the crash
and had called for international experts to assist in the investigation.

South Africa has acted correctly in this matter. It is a cause for regret
that others have sought to politicize an African tragedy.

/12232
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97



There also has been tension between blacks and people of racially mixed ancestry.
White and mixed-race Portuguese nationals, such as Christina--murderéd in 1983-——
and his successor, Evo Fernandes, dominated the movement until recently. Now
Dhlakama has handed power back to black leaders in the bush. Fernandes and
European spokesman Jorge Correia were fired this month.

The MNR operates on a very loose basis, The three regional commanders have
great autonomy, although they are in radio contact with Dlhakama-~courtesy of
Pretoria, Thereiare strong suspicions that Dlhakama is still in radio contact
with the SADF through the network the SADF admitted setting up last year,

Not being an organisation rooted in the traditional mass liberation struggle,
the MNR has no clear ideology or programme of principles. Dlhakama said in a
recent interview that the people of Mozambique did not want any ideology, be-
cause they did not understand it, "What they want-~and that is what we stand
for--is free elections, a free constitution, respect for human rights, an open
economy, respect for the traditions of our people and the rejection of the
bonds of communism,"

19274
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38