But the whole thing sounds rather unbelievable, the motives of the Americans
in the whole negotiating process, have been seriously questioned for some
time now, and it has been openly stated that it is evident their sympathies
lie with the South African Government. But why should they have instigated
the question of a Cuban withdrawal?

For their own ends, or for the good of the people of Namibia?

Certainly not the latter, since I would go so far as to say that the people
of Namibia as a whole (with certain exceptions of course) are of the opinion
that the Cuban question has nothing whatsoever to do with a settlement in
Namibia. At amy rate, the two terms of resolution 435, will probably render
the Cuban presence in Angola unnecessary, and in fact they will probably be
withdrawn soon after such a settlement. Their presence in Angola will be
redundant once a settlement in Namibia has been achieved, although of course
they do not contribute to the intrastructure of Angola.

cso: 4700/1945

55



"PAMBANA' PRINTED IN MALINDI

Nairobi THE NAIROBI TIMES in English 26 Aug 82 p 1

[text]

KILIFI, Wednesday, (KNA)
— President Daniel arap Moi
disclosed here today that a
Malindi resident posing as 2
professor had provided faci-
lities for the printing of a
seditious publication, Pa-
moana in the town.

“He, thought Malindi was
so hidden that he could not
be discovered.” said the Pre-
sident who added that the
self-styled professor has been
arrested. President Moi said
the government has a long
hand and would apprehend
anyone who was out to cause
chaos.

The President was addres-
sing a mammoth rally at
Kilifi town before he officially
opened the Baricho water
project.

The president also an-
nounced that the new police
commissioner, Mr. Bernard
Njiinu, is to clear the police
force of all corrupt officers

csO: 4700/1908

“Some police officers are so
corrupt, that they do noe
mind about the security of
wananchi unless they are
bribed.” said the president.

“They are there to protect
wananchi, and from now on.
any police officer found re-
ceiving a bribe will go,” Pre-
sident Moi declared. This
clean up will also affect other
public servants.

The president also hit out
ata Kilifi MP he did not
name but said was at the
rally. He told the MP to
“watch his loud mouth or
face the music”.

However, the president
said the MP in question was
not Mr. Katana Ngala.

“I want leaders who care
about the welfare of wanan-
chi and not idlers who engage
in loose talk.”

President Moi also told the
District. Commissioners in
Coast Province to license only
genuine applicants for the
brewing of local liquor for

21

KENYA

traditional ceremonies. He
pointed out that some people
were applying for liquor
licences “just to drink and
cause suffering to my Nyayo
children”.

The president observed
that licensing of bogus appli-
cants would only cause child-
ren to suffer as both parents
would come home drunk, not
worried about the health of
the children.

He called on leaders#to
preach love and unity, and
assist wananchi in raising
their standards of living in-
stead of cheap talk. He
warned wananchi against
relying on courts for the solu-
tion of their domestic mis-
understandings.

“Courts are for crooks who
cannot defend themselves be-
fore the elders. Rely on
elders,” he stated.

Present at the occasion
were ministers, and several
assistant ministers.



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mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
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item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

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SOUTH AFRICA

SWAZI KING'S DEATH OPENS WAY FOR 'FRIENDLIER SOCIETY'

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 6 Sep 82 p 4

[Editorial]

[Text]

AFTER King Sobhuza’s funeral at
the weekend there is only one way
for the Swazis to go — toward an
open and even friendlier society.
Open, because the late king placed
the kind of aura over the kingdom
that made it difficult for commenta-
tors to get at the base of political
matters,

Friendlier, because many South
African blacks have bitter memories
of the kind of treatment they re-
ceived from Swazis and their offi-
cials. King Sobhuza was evidently
the most courteous and friendliest of
men, but getting to the king was like
trying to pry your way out of hell
with a feather.

The trouble with Sobhuza’s kind
of benevolent despotism was that
there was little adverse or even stim-
ulating comment coming out of
that country. Most Swazis, including
high-ranking officials and pol-
ians, held him in awe and it
would be right to say he ruled
according to the Divine Right of
» Kings.

That he did a fairly good job out
of such a chancy thing in these un-
certain times certainly adds to the
man’s stature.

64

There is talk that the Ingwavuma
issue may take a more interesting
line now that the king has died.
There are those who believed Ingwa-
vuma was King Sobhuza’s swan
song and that he would sacrifice a
lot to get the land incorporated into
Swaziland.

Now that he is gone the belief is_
that there will be voices calling for a
change in the King’s tune, for In-
gwavuma is certainly costing the
country a lot in the credibility
stakes,

Even if there is no dramatic
change from the previous position,
we believe there will be a new politi-
cal atmosphere in the country that
would allow for free and more ag-
gressive debate.

The problem initially is that of suc-
cession to the throne. As things now
stand, the successor may be in his
teens or still very young so that a
Regent will wield power.

If the successor to the throne is in
his infancy then the country may be
in for a period of uncertainty and
even instability. Regency rules are
not the happiest to have. There is a
lack of direction and one sometimes



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

BLACK STUDENTS HOUSING PLAN--Many Pietermaritzburg residents living in the
Golf, Carbis and Hutchison Road areas have protested to the local City
Council over the proposal to house 26 Black theology students in a White
residential area close to the campus of the University of Natal, Last week
the Pietermaritzburg City Council approved a plan to house up to 20 theology
students in a property in Golf Road, opposite the campus’ new art block which
houses the Department of Divinity. Immediately the City Council approved of
the plan, White residents living in the area drew up a petition. About 70
residents signed the petition claiming among other things that the presence
of the Black students would cause a drop in their property values. The
reaction of the White residents has shocked Dr G.H. Wittenberg, senior
divinity lecturer and the director of Lutheran Theological Education.

[text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Sep 82 p 12]

HNP 'FIGHT'--The Herstigte National Party yesterday made a third attempt

to "fight" the 1981 Rustenburg parliamentary election. In papers before
the Pretoria Supreme Court Dr Frederick Ferdinand Ipland, the HNP candidate
who was knocked out of the Rustenburg election because his nomination was
found to be invalid, has applied to have the electoral form declared invalid
and the election void. The application was brought before Mr Justice H.J.
Preiss, Mr Justice L. le Grange, and Mr Justice G.A. Coetzee against Mr
Michael Hendrik Veldman, the National Party candidate who was elected
unopposed to Parliament and against Mr A. de Graad, and Mr Van der Merwe.
Judgement was reserved. Mr I.W.B. de Villiers, SC for Mr Ipland, said the
HNP had never been notified before that the electoral form had to be handed
in and that they had followed the incorrect procedure when collecting votes
for Mr Ipland to be nominated. Mr Ipland's form was declared invalid by
the nomination court because the voters had not dated their forms and given
their addresses, Mr De Villiers claimed that it was impossible to meet the
requirements of the legislature. The HNP alleged that the electoral form
was vague because it did not state that the voters should sign the date and
give their addresses, It did not give an indication of how voters should
comply with the legislature.--Sapa [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in
English 9 Sep 82 p 3]

75



THE RESIGNATIONS of two members
of the Provisional National Defence Coun-
cil in Ghana has thrown petrol on the fires
of speculation in certain “exile” circles
about the state of the government in
Ghana. The case of Reverend Father
Damuah is relatively simple when com-
pared to that of Joshua Amartey Kwei.

Rev. Damuah came to prominence after
December 31 for his input of religious inter-
pretations to the advent of the Revolution.
He has at various times spoken of the
December 31 intervention as an “act of
God” and seen its most important thrust as
one of revolutionising the spiritual and
ethical values of Ghanaians. What has
perhaps been most significant has been the
controversial pronouncements he has
made of a directly political nature. Some
may remember his declaration that the
rank and file of the armed forces would be
disarmed. As they say in the Bible, this has
not come to pass.

If there is any one event which may be
interpreted as having resulted in his res-
ignation, it is the July 30 demonstration in
Accra which showed the level of popular
antagonism to the stand taken by the
Association of Recognised Professional
Bodies. For reasons best known to the
demonstrators — a mixture of workers,
workers organisations, defence commit-
tees, and progressive organisations — the
premises used by two Freemason lodges
were beseiged, and damage done to some
of their fixtures and contents.

11

GHANA

REASONS FOR PNDC MEMBERS' RESIGNATION ANALYZED

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3395, 30 Aug 82 p 2200

As reported in last week’s issue, Rev.
Damuah took.a strong stand condemning
these acts of violence, advised against the
adoption of “terrorist tactics” whether of
an Eastern or Western inspiration, and
later, said he was personally ashamed
because these acts gave the impression that
the government was not in control. His
claim that the PNDC stood for peaceful
change in Ghana was in contradiction to
the oft-repeated statement of the chairman
of the PNDC Fit-Lt. Rawlings, that there
could be no special peace in Ghana until
the majority of the population was assured
of its basic human rights to shelter, clo-
thing, education and food.

The unfortunate thing about Rev.
Damuah’s stance was that as a Catholic
priest, he appeared to align himself com-
pletely with the secretive freemasonry
against what a significant section of the
society perceived as “the interests of the
revolution.” It was on these grounds that
some people’s defence committees
apparently demanded his resignation.

Rev. Damuah’s departure is, to a certain
extent, a loss to the kind of “‘broad front”
represented by the composition of the
PNDC. The direct contact that has been
lost with the church hierarchies, may well
have -been successfully replaced in another
sphere by the appointment of Mrs. Diana
Enim, marketing manageress of the State
Fishing Corporation. Thus, a good line of
communication may be opened with the



SABRA CHIEF WARNS:

72 PERCENT OF URBAN PEOPLE WILL BE BLACK

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Sep 82 pp 1, 2

{article by Jaap Theron]

[Excerpts]

IN 20 years time about 72
percent of all urbanised
citizens in South Africa
|would be Black and,
under a strong leader,
lthetr solidarity could be-
come so powerful “that
Coloureds and Asians
would have no choice but
to.side with them against a
White minority,’” Profes-
‘sor Caret Boshoff, chalr-
man of the South African
(Bureau of Racial Affairs
(Sabra) said last night.

Prof Boshoff said, in the
‘ofening speech of Sabra’s
25th annual congress in
Pretotia which he read in
the’ forin of a commem-
oration to Dr H F Ver-
woerd — that the only so-
lution for South Africa's
racial problems was the
audactous pursuit of sep-
arate development.

“No. concessions for
other races in whatever
field could be considered
in future if they did not
promote alternative con-
stitutional structures and
economic growth points,”
he sald.

Dr Verwoerd’s ideal of
a commonwealth of inde-
pendent states in South
Africa was not out of
reach, the professor sald.

70

But, quoting from Dr
Verwoerd’s statement on
November 12, 1958, he
said: ‘One cannot im-
agine a future for South
Africa which does not de-
velop in either of the fol-
lowing directions.”

@ The Biacks having
their rights in their own
areas and the Whites in
theirs.

© A mixed South Afri-
ca with power in the
hands of the majority,
namely the Blacks.”

The professor sald facts

showed that 72¥%2 percent
of all permanent residents
in 2 000 would be Blacks,
that Blacks would hold 80
percent of all additional
qualified positions, 80
percent of all semi-qualifi-
ed positions and 40 per-
cent of all additional man-
aging jobs, they would be
more aware of their new
social status, and they
Id automatically have
ger political demands.

By that time, 24¥2 per-
cent of all urban Blacks
would be permanently es-
tablished , of which 13,57-
million would live'perma-
nently in White South
Africa.

SOUTH AFRICA



district level. For example,
the Chairmen of District
Councils are ex officio
members of the District
Committees of the Malawi
Congress Party. Therefore,
the involvement of local

leaders in rural -develop-
ment embraces both party
leaders and those who have
been clected as members of
the District Councils. Fi-
gure 2 illustrates these fea-
tures.

The Political Setting for
co-ordinated Rural
Development

In the national context,
the role of the Malawi Con-
gress Party in development
may be narrowed down to
two specific but closely in-
terrclated areas. The first is
the large measure of politi-
cal influence which the
MCP exercises over policy,
at all levels of the social
strata. The second is the
high premium placed on
the maintenance of political
stability. and harmonious
relationships between the
leaders of the Malawi Con-
gress Party and civil ser-
vants at the branch, area,
district, regional, and na-
tional levels.

Despite the very effecti-
ve MCP policy influence
there is a visible separation
of party and government
structures, apart from the
act that some national Iea-
ders are members of both
the Cabinet and the Natio-
nal Executive Committee.
Malawi has not gone in for
the politicisation of the
public service. Through its
leadership the MCP has
provided extra administra-
tive authority which has
been instrumental in incul-
cating harmony and co-
operation between the

Party and the Government.
A generous measure of ap-
preciation of each other’s
role in development is mut-
ually understood by both
sides of the national equa-
tion. This situation is clear-
ly conducive to rapid deve-
lopment once the necessary
material ingredients are
available. It means quite
simply that the people are
responsive, mobilised, and
ready to play their part.

The MCP has also a so-
cial role in the day-to-day
affairs that affect people as
regards local disasters, il-
Inesses, or mishaps of one
kind or another. For in-
stance, in the event of a
death in a village, it is the
Party leaders, working with
the traditional authorities,
who assist in making the
necessary arrangements for
burial and for comforting
the bereaved families. The

Figure 2
The relationship between
Party and Government

President Parliament

Wational Executive

Ottice

‘MCP National Has.

+

| :
san = [Re

|

|

i

st

cede | [oben | [BERR | [ome
t

| air

ae rae
President and Cabinet [Ministries ] |
|
Other
—!

n=
District Commissioner

5
@
i

outed

District
Committee

chat 4
| [4

District Region |
Council District
City Officers | |

28



STAFF CRISIS HITS SHONA, NDEBELE

Harare THE HERALD in English 2 Sep 82 p 4

[text]

cso:

4700/1911

A SHORTAGE of teachers
1s preventing the Ministry
of Education and Culture
from offering tuition in
Shona: and Ndebele in
schools throughout the
country, the deputy min-
ister (Higher), Senator
Joseph Culverwell, said
yesterday.

The ministry agreed in
principle that all the
three major languages
should be taught, but in
some areas the number of
pupils who wanted to
study Ndebele did not
warrant allocating one of
the few avallable teach-
ers to them.

Senator Culverwell was
answering a written ques-
tion from Cde Sydney Ma-
lunga (ZAPU,, Matabele-
land North} about the
teaching of Shona arid
Ndebele in secondary
schools and training instl-
tutions.

Cde Malunga wanted to
know what the ministry's
policy was and whether
Senator Culverwell_ was
aware that while Shona

was taught’ In some
schools in Matabeleland,
Nédehele was not taught in
similar institutions outside
Matabeleland,

He asked’ what’ action
the ministry proposed to
take to remedy the situa-
tion \

Cde Malunga asked
why it was not ministry
policy to teach all the
three languages.

Senator Cuiverwell said
he had made It clear that
the ministry agreed in

principle to the teaching

99

of all three languages but
there were not enough
teachers available.

Mr P. K. van der Byl
(RF, Kadoma/Chegutu)
raised gales of laughter
when he pointed out that
the two members had
used che wrong pronuncia-
tion: They should have
sa "Sindebele and Chi-
shona”, instead of “Nde-
bele” and “Shona”

Senator Culverwell
agreed and said: “We
have got so used to the
Anglicised pronunciation,”

ZIMBABWE



DETAILS OF NEW BUDGET, GROWTH EXPECTATIONS GIVEN

Port Louis L'EXPRESS in English 18, 19 Aug 82

[Two part article by Azad Jeetun]

[18 Aug 82 p 6]

[Text]

A protracted electoral campaign resulted in an

economic stagnation and lull in the country.
After this long period of uncertainty a new
dynamism had to be instilled in the economy and it
devolved on the budget to play that crucial
psychological role. It was expected to reveal
changes in our economic policies and to give a new
sense of direction and impetus to the economy. It
also gave us an opportunity to appraise to what
extent the government would abide by the economic
programmes contained in the MMM/PSM manifesto.
For all these reasons, the budget was meant to mark
a departure from the annual ritual of budget
presentation in earlier years.

The 1982/83 budget is the hard economic realities
different altogether from we have to face. At the
previous ones in another same time, the dialogue
respect. The Finance Minis- facilitated the task of the
ter has endeavoured to Finance Minister since he
convey the message that could thereby feel the pulse

the budget-making process
should not be necessarily
shrouded in mystery. It has
been announced after prior
consultations with different
organizations. This ap-
proach has been welcome
by practically all organiza-

king and, more importantly,

a sense of understanding of one.

35

of almost all sectors of the
economy. It cannot be
denied that this approach
has been largely successful
and the budget has won
wide acceptability in spite
of the serious financial
. 5 constraints and the additio-
tions as there is a sense of nal tax burden. The budget
participation in policy-ma- was no less a psychological
exercise than an economic

MAURITIUS



Not only that average yield was even lower
than what Pa Brima used to get, but spikes
of stones and gullies decorated the farm
landscape. Joe was unfortunate — the
African rains poured like hell, and the now
patterned seven days rains re-visited.

In a Rice Seminar organised by the Bank
of Sierra Leone in Freetown, recently, a
city-based farm enthusiast became very
worried when Dr. D. S. C. Spencer of
WARDA reiterated the comparative
advantage of upland farming and the unex-
ploitable potentials that still exist in this
ecology. “What I have just heard makes
me very confused indeed. I have been in
the farm business for quite a while. Re-
cently, I started upland rice farming, but
the results have been very disappointing.
The first year’s returns were about 45
bushels per hectare. But by the third year,
yield has dropped down, and now I can
hardly secure even 20 bushels per hec-
tare. I applied fertilisers, farm chemicals,
no dice! How do we reconcile these
seemingly apparent contradictions?” he
vexingly bellowed.

When questioned how he went about his
upland farming, he stressed “I went mod-
ern.” He made sure that he uprooted and
cleared all the “rubbish” and “disturbing
stumps,” ploughed about six inches deep.
harrowed so that the seed bed would be
just right for proper root penetration and
nutrient absorption — as you will recognise
this is the cause of his problems, which
was not clear to him. This is just like dosing
an uncontrolled diabetic with soluble sugar
to sweeten his mouth, so that he can
increase his food intake.

Traditional farmers all over the world
have been the centre of ridicule. Several
texts, journals and development program-
mes have conveniently mocked them. In
consonance with this linear rationality,
traditional farmers therefore lack the in-
itiative to institute and accommodate
change, and must be told what to do and
what not to do.

More specifically, the role of the metro-
politan development agencies has been like
“tying a string round the throats of
peasants. Drag them down the stream to

drink the “water of life”. If they refuse.
“kick the hell out of their butts.”

But what have we found? Not only that
the strings round the throats of the tradi-
tional farmers have been very choking, the
“water of life” that we have been forcing
these people to drink is full of stench and

60

rubbish, very hazardous to socio-economic
and cultural well-being, and may have
dampened their chances of sustained sur-
vival. In many cases, the generally accepted
“water of life’ is being gradually recog-
nised as the very prescription of rural
instability and decay — we now have many
“waters of death” masquerading in the
rural ambience.

Let us now deal with some examples:
firstly, after the euphoria that accompa-
nied the green revolution, we are painfully
realising that the chlorophyll is whitening
fast. The green revolution is gradually
turning into a “white revolution”.

Secondly, after years of strenuously casti-
gating the traditional farmers’ cultivation
method of slash and burn, we are back
gradually approaching square one —
irrespective of its limitations, traditional
upland farming may still be the best system
of cultivation. After some 150 years of
intensive commercial or industrial agricul-
ture in North America, the world’s “most
advanced” agricultural state, scientists
have found out that the traditional method
of slash and burn is probably the most
stable system of cultivation, especially in
the tropics.

The study “Ecological aspects of de-
velopment in the humid tropics” directed
by the United States National Research
Council with the co-operation of U.S. Park
Services, stressed that the “choice of land-
clearing methods is crucial in determining
future soil productivity. Research conclu-
sively demonstrates that manual slash-and-
burn clearing is superior to mechanised
land clearing. When manual clearing is
unfeasible, mechanised systems should in-
clude burning, to take advantage of the
fertiliser value of the ash, and the use of a
shear blade in order to decrease soil
compaction and topsoil loss.” “Given the
undesirable ecological consequences of
large-scale deforestation in the humid tro-
pics, every hectare that is cleared for
agriculture should be managed at a level of
intensiveness high enough to guarantee
high productivity on a sustained basis.”

The Institute of Tropical Agriculture
(ITTA) in Nigeria, one of Africa’s most
prestigious agronomy research institutions,
is still hustling to develop a farm produc-
tion system more resilient than old Pa
Brima’s system. In the past, agriculturists
have attempted to circumvent the issue.
They have glorified several systems —
partial clearing, minimum tillage, crop
rotation, and many more. But not too



[Answer] The OAU still remains functional. I have just asserted that Niger
and Mali have agreed to preserve the continent's unity; to preserve the OAU
constitutes a priority for the member states of the organization. To say that
it is on the abyss is too much. And to assert that the OAU will explode is
also too much. The OAU is certainly in crisis; this is a reality. Is this
crisis due to the fact that the SDAR has been admitted to the OAU? And if
the SDAR has been admitted into the pan-African organization and if this is-
sue has provoked the crisis of the OAU, we the African leaders must be able
to unite and discuss this issue of the SDAR's admission to the pan-African
organization.

[Question] Mr President, recently, you were in Algiers where you held dis-
cussions with the Mauritanian and Algerian heads of state. What was the pur-
pose of this minisummit?

[Answer] I have just explained to my brother and friend, President Seyni
Kountche, the purpose afiour meeting. It is aimed at strengthening cooperation
among our different countries which already enjoy very good relations. And
you will ask me why Niger [words indistinct] [End recording]

After his departure from Naimey, the Malian head of state sent the following
message to President Kountche: "After returning to Mali after an unforgetable
trip to your beautiful and hospitable capital, I wish to thank you very sin-
cerely again for the very warm welcome accorded to my delegation and myself
during our stay in your country. I also express to you the total readiness
of the Malian people and government for the strengthening of our bilateral
cooperation and the consolidation of the unity of Africa."

cso: 4719/1402

31



SEGREGATION SLAMMED AT THEOLOGICAL SYMPOSIUM

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Sep 82 p 4

[Article by Dan Marais]

[text]

A THEOLOGIAN, Prof M L Daneel, said in Pre-
toria yesterday that the reasons for the rapid in-
crease in the number of religious groups among
Blacks could be found in social injustice arising from
a policy of segregation, alienation of tribal lands and

racial tensions generally,

Speaking at the- sixth
symposium of the Insti-
tute of Theological Re-
search on, Denominatio-
nalism, he said a number
of observers. had related
the emergence of about
7 000,,eligious groups to
the ‘failure of ‘mission
churches: ve

He quoted theologian
Stephen ‘Neill as saying
that at ‘the heart of the
movement could bé found
the sin of the White man
against the Black.

“It is because’ of the
failure of the White man
to make. the’ Church ‘a
home for the Black*that :
he has developed church-
es of his own.”

Sensitivity’. ©

Another _ theologian,
Mr D B Barrett, said the
Treason why Black church-
es were breaking away
from the mission churches
was a failure in sensi
ty, the failure of the mis-
sions to demonstrate con-
sistently the fullness of
the biblical injunction to

4700/1914

cso:

love. others as one’s
equals.

Mr Barrett also blamed
the paternalistic attitude
of the mission chusches
towards converts as a con-
tributing factor.

Prof Daneel also said
that doctrinal disputes
among Blacks was an-
other major cause of
group disintegration and
the formation of new
churches.

. Crucial .

“In the Zionist move-
ment, for example, the
prohibtion on beerdrink-
ing and worship on Sun-
day have proved to be
crucial issues in church
divisions.””

In was this preoccupa-

‘tion with external factors

and arbitrary rules ehich
caused many - church
members to. hive off and
form new churches.

63

Prof Daneel ‘said the
fragmentation of church-
es would continue to be a
feature of Black indepen-
dent churches for some
time.

He said one of the ways
to establish unity among
this diversity was to hold
church conferences where
representatives of the in-
dependent churches could
discuss matters of com-
mon interest.

Factors

Another speaker, Dr S
S Maimela, said ethnic
and racial factors had led
to a splitting in the
church.

‘These racial or colour
factors leading to church
fragmentation were clear-
ly evident in South Afri-
Ca, where resentment of

SOUTH AFRICA

white . domination and
European _ paternalism,

grounded in the feelings

of racial superiority of the
White man, had resulted
in the proliferation of re-
ligious groups.

Blacks had come to-
gether to protest against
the mis-use of Christiani-
ty to “suppress and humi-

late them”. ‘
ine existence of White,

Coloured, Indian’ and
Black churches within the,
Reformed family was an-
other example that colour
and not theology was the
social source of church
schism.

On the whole. it was
evident that racially
mixed societies had pro-
duced more sects than
homogenous ones.

“Division in churches
could be regarded .as a
gain for the Church be-
cause it means that men
have the courage to stand
up and Be counted even if
it meant that the fel-
lowship of Christians had
to be destroyed,” Dr Mai-
mela said.



ZIMBABWE

BANDITS WILL BE COURT MARTIALLED, SAYS PM
Harare THE HERALD in English 2 Sep 82 p 1

[Text]

THE Prime Minister, Cde Mugabe, yesterday said that the Government will introduce
courts martial to deal “quickly and firmly” with dissidents, bandits and army deserters

who committed serious offences.
He told Parliament that even though the civilian courts had sufficient powers to deal with dissidents,
the Government felt those bandits who had absconded from the ‘army knew about their disciplinary code

and, as such, had to be
dealt with by court

martial.

Amid cheers from the
Government benches, Cde
Mugabe said this action
would enable the offen-
ders to be dealt with ex-
peditiously and firmly.

This move would also
have “a salutary effect”
on present members. of

the army ‘who might be
wavering in their loyalty
to the Government.

“I would like to em-
phasise that where a
court martial sentences a
person to death, such a
sentence cannot be carried
out until it has been con-
sidered by Cabinet and
Cabinet has recommended
to the President that the
sentence should not be
interfered with,”

Any sentence of death
was Carried out by hang-
ing unless the President,
on recommendation from
Cabinet, directed that it
be carried out by a firing
squad in private.

In another statement to
the House, Cde Mugabe
Said the Government was
greatly disappointed with

cso: 4700/1911

the report of the Com-
mission of Inquiry into
Disturbances at Armed
Eacampments in February
1981.

‘The commission, under
the chairmanship ‘of Mr
Justice Dumbutshena, was
appointed on April 29,
1981, to inguire into the
disturbances and make
recommendations on how
to solve the problems.

‘The disturbances _oc-
curred at Glenville,
Ntabazinduna and Con-
nemara military camps
and Entumbane ZANLA
and ZIPRA camps.

The commission
presented its report to
President Banana in May
this year.

“It appears that the
commission has attempted
to avoid condemning one
side or another and the
whole report is in-
conclusive,” the Prime
Minister said.

‘The report had not pin-
pointed the causes under-
lying or which led to the
mutiny, neither had it
identified persons or
organisations responsible
for planning and pro-
moting the disturbances.

100

“While the report has
some value as it records
the views ‘and actions of
many persons who were
involved’ in the  dis-
turbances, it falls far
short -of the Government's
expectations when ap-
pointing the commission,”
said Cde Mugabe.

Although the report had
not met the Government's
expectations, It was felt
that nothing would be
gained by referring the
matter back.

While the commission
had made some recom-
mendations for avoiding a
recurrence of the dis-
turbances, almost all of
them had already been tm-
plemented or were being
implemented by the
Government.

Ziana reports. that in
answer to a question from
Republican Front leader,
Mr Ian Smith, who asked
if the report would be
published, Cde Mugabe
said the Government did
not feel that its publica-
tion would serve any
useful purpose.

If, however, it was the
view of MPs that the
report be published, the
Government would ‘com-

ply.



100

diagnosis, he had to tailor his policies to put an end
to the economic stagnation and to pave the way for
the recovery process. This quantitative analysis was
unquestionable as it was merely a statement of facts
concerning the behaviour of a few selected
economic indicators. However, there is no consensus
as to the impact of the budgetary measures on the
economic revival. Before appraising the impact of
these measures on the economy we shall give an
overview of employment, investment and production
trends in the last six years.

The real national income
had declined by 7.8 per
cent in 1980. In 1981, it was
still lower than its level in
1979. It is, however, expec-
ted to pick up this year
thanks to an expected good
sugar crop. The slow-down
in the growth of real
national incomé in 1980
and 1981 is mainly attribu-
table to the poor perfor-
maoce of agriculture as it is
evident from Figure 1.
While output in the commodity
producing sectors is on the

rise, two sectors, namely
construction and wholesale
and retail trade, are on the
down-turn. As far as invest-
ment is concerned, we note
that the volume of invest-
ment in 1981 is lower than
in 1976, Investment activities
that started to decline since
1979 have recorded a more
steep fall lately. Investment
is on the downward trend in
the main sectors as shown
in Figure 2. This is in
contrast with the production
trends that showed that

FIGURE 1: PRODUCTION TRENDS

76

41



STAMICO SIGNS GOLD MINING PACT

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 19 Aug 82 p 1

[Article by Mike Sikawa]

[rext]

CSO:

THE State Mining Cor-
poration (STAMICO), has
concluded an agreement with
two Finnish mining firms and
the Finnish Fund for In-
dustrial Development Co-
operation (FINFUND) to
form a joint company for the
exploitation of the Kahama
gold deposits in Shinyanga
Region.

The Minister for Minerals,
Ndugu Jackson Makweta
told the Daily News in Dar es
Salaam yesterday that the
agreement was signed bet-
ween the-four parties in
Helsinki, Finland last week.

The minister, who led a
five-man delegation to
Helsinki to explore arcas of
co-operation in mining bet-
ween the two countries, said
preparations were now under -
way to finalise the technical
aspects of the project, the
mobilisation of finances and
the initiation of the develop-
ment of the mine.

Ndugu. Makweta, who
returned ‘to Dar es Salaam
yesterday; said the firms in-
volved in the new mining
company are STAMICO
(Tanzania) and FINFUND,

Kone Corporation
(privately owned Finnish
firm) and

Outokumpu, the Finnish
government mining company.

The minister said details of
the set-up on the Kahama

4700/1907

gold mine firm were _ still
heing worked out.

Ip his budget speech in
Patliament last month,
Ndugu Makweta said gold ex-
pldration on the Bulyanhulu
gold project in .Kahama
District had been going on for
the past three years, and that
geologicdl and laboratory
analysis conducted had shown
that the mine could start off
with an initial 3,000
kilograms production worth
300 million /-.

A report on the exploration
work, conducted by Kone Cor-
poration of Finland, was han-
ded over to the minister
around last mid-July.

Ndugu) Makweta said he
held consultations with the
Finnish Foreign Minister Par
Stenbak, and briefed him in
detail on the progress being
made by the Tanzania
Government on Finnish aided
mineral projects. Ndugu: Mak-
weta reported that the
er had pledged the Fin-
government's continued
sistance in the mining fiekd.

The Tanzanian minister
said the Finnish government
had -also pledged to supply
wagons for ferrying
phosphates from Minjingu
phosphates mine in Arusha,
to the Tanga Fertiliser Com-
pany (TFC) in Tanga

Ndugu Makweta said the
Finnish government had
already given some eight 32-

83

TANZANIA

tonner trucks lor the ferrying
of phosphate from Minjingu
to Arusha

A railway siding is to be
constructed. by the Tanzania
Railways Corporation (TRC)
near Arusha leading to a huge
fabricated godown which is
also under construction

The 193.8 million/-
phosphate plant is able to
produce some 165,000 tons of
soft phosphates annually at
full capacity, and its trial
production is to start soon.

The government has also
set aside about 10 million/-
for maintaining the portion of
the 70-mile road between
Minjingu and Arusha town,
which is reported to be in a
very bad conditon

At the Helsinki con-
sultations, the delegation
from Tanzania and the Fin-
nish government also
reviewed co-operation: in
Kyerwa tin exploration,
Kabanga nickel exploration,
technical assistance
programme and Madini
school.

Discussions were also held
with another firm, Lolja Ab
Oy, regarding possibilities of
establishing co-operation
rhe field of industr
mitierals. Particular emphasis
was put on kaolin, mica, ben-
tonite and building materials
The firm showed interest in
establishing a joint venture
with STAMICO, Ndugu Mak-
weta said



1. There has been speculation that as part of a quid pro quo
for a Soviet/Cuban reduction in military presence.
Moscow wants to ensure that those in the ruling MPLA
closest to the Soviet Union and Cuba will be fortified.
Proponents of this theory argue that the return of former
defence minister Henrique ‘Iko’ Carreira trom a 2'-
year military course in the USSR foreshadows a strengh-
ening of links between FAPLA, the military wing of the
MPLA, and the Russians. Conversely, the sacking of
Manuel Pacavira, till recently party secretary for
production, and the apparent decline of Agostinho
Mendes de Carvalho, the health minister, both indicate
a decline in the fortunes of the so-called Catete Group,
an informal cluster of black nationalists (or ‘Africanists’)
thought to be in favour of a more traditonal African
laissez-faire economy and a weakening of Soviet ties.
This month’s move of Ismail Gaspar Martins, also some-
times dubbed a Catete man, from finance to the less
important external trade portfolio, could also support
the same theory.

2. A quite opposite thesis argues that any Namibian settle-
ment will facilitate a rapid opening to Western finance
and technology, and that a political liberalisation will very
likely follow, with the MPLA diluting its Marxism and en-
hancing the position of the Africanists at the expense of
the ideologues, many of whom also happen to be white or
mestico (of mixed race). Already, according to this thesis,
planning minister Lopo do Nascimento is increasing his
hold over the economy and encouraging Western business,
especially in the petroleum world, to invest. Pacavira and

Carvalho, it may be said, are losing ground purely because
they have been incompetent. Lopo has been short of his
external trade responsibility merely because of overwork.
The new minister for finance, Augosto Teixeira de Matos,
and the new minister of internal trade, Adriano Pereira
dos Santos, are both well liked by Westerners. If mesticos
appear to be retaining much influence it is not because
they are more ‘leftwing’ or more ‘pro-Soviet’, but because
they are generally better educated. At the extraordinary
party congress of December 1980, the central committee
was expanded to 54 members by bringing in many former
guerrillas who gave the top echelon of the party an image
of greater African peasant authenticity but many of the
newcomers have not proved so effective at civil
administration. The pendulum may have swung a little
back towards the urban élite. But this does not, according
to this argument entail a consolidation of leftwing or
Soviet influence.

The trouble is that both theories lack supporting
evidence. Carreira’s return has not. in fact, been con-
firmed. There has been no hint that the current FAPLA
commander. Pedro Maria Tonha (‘Pedale’), will give way
to Carreira, not that the two men’s relations have been
anything but cordial. Carreira was certainly close to the
late President Agostinho Neto: he is certainly, too, a
convinced Marxist. But the reasons for his despatch to
the USSR in the beginning of 1980. shortly after Neto’s
death. may have had as much to do with personal diffi-
culties a8 with ideology. Nor is it safe to presume that
leftwing conviction is synonymous with a love of the
Soviet Union.

As for the Catete Group. it is amorphous. As we
described in our July 21 issue. there are many cross-
strands within the party. For instance, Lucio Lara, chief
MPLA ideologue and secretary-general, who is a mestigo,
is often considered the chief enemy of the Catete group,
yet he has maintained good relations with several of
those politicians generally thought to be aligned with the
Africanists.*.

Dos Santos is not himself a
with either faction. If anything. he is reckoned among
the ideologues. His seven years as a student in the USSR
and his marriage to a Russian have suggested a pro-
Soviet inclination. There is little to suggest he has any
doubts about the need for a centralised, state-
dominated economy, though his relations with the oil
companies have been pragmatic. He is more interested
than was Neto in economic matters. Many Western
businessmen feel he is readier than his poet-president
predecessor to get down to earth.

His problem, however, is that he is less able to
distance himself from the infighting because he is
himself less untouchable. When Neto was alive. Dos
Santos was one of several lieutenants qualified for the
presidency. He has taken care not to nominate any clear
successor in the order of seniority. In December 1978

Neto abolished the prime ministry (then held by Do
Nascimento) and the three posts of vice-premier: none
has been restored, though Do Nascimento is widely
regarded as a de facto premier. It was notable that when
Dos Santos went to the OAU ‘non-summit’ at the
beginning of August there was an announcement in the
Jornal de Angola that while he was away Lara would
head party affairs and Juliao Mateus Paulo (‘Dino
Matross’), minister for security, would head state affairs.
But, again, it would be premature to mark out Matross
as the second power in the land. The sudden ‘exile’ to
Ethiopie at the end of 1978 of Do Nascimento;
Carreira’s exile; the abolition of the vice-premier
positions: the sacking of Rodrigues Joao Lopes (‘Ludi’)
from the head of the old security department DISA and
his subsequent success as commissioner of Malanje
Province: the rise to prominence as minister of interior
of Kundi Payama and his no less sudden return to
provincia! obscurity: all these political developments
have occurred with no official explanation; sometimes ~
as in the case of Do Nascimento — figures return to
prominence @ second time. Ministerial sackings are often

gned in the popular mind

*There is no better illustration of the compleaity of MPLA
politics than the abortive coup attempt of Nito Alves in May
1977. Though the Alves movement was openly hostile to
mesticos and whites in government and killed some of them and
banged a black populist drum, it was also supported by a number
of leftwing whites and people close to the Portuguese Communist
Party. There is also some circumstantial evidence that the USSR
itself was at that time amenable to an Alves takeover.



NAMIBIA

Hough To Submit Plan on Restructuring Government

(AFP, 17 Sep 82)

Mudge Opposes Ethnically Based Government

(AFP, 16 Sep 82)s..eeseeeeeeee fence eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeneees

Constitutional Crisis Must Be Resolved
(Leon Kok; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 7

U.S. Raises Cuban Withdrawal Issue
(WINDHOEK OBSEKVER, 4 Sep 82)........

NIGER

Briefs
1982-83 Fiscal Bill Adopted

SENEGAL

Editorial Calls on America To Stop Begin
(Editorial; LE SOLEIL, 14 Sep 82)....

Briefs
Doe Message to Diouf

SIERRA LEONE

Feasibility of Traditional Farming Studied
(Olu Williams, WEST AFRICA, 6 Sep 82)

SOMALIA

Briefs
WSLF Military Victory Claims

SOUTH AFRICA

Segregation Slammed at Theological Symposium
(Dan Marais; THE CITIZEN, 9 Sep 82)..

Swazi King's Death Opens Way for 'Friendlier
(Editorial; SOWETAN, 6 Sep 82).......

Details on National Service Notices Given
(THE CITIZEN, 9 Sep 82).......--.+06-

Labor Party Leader Receives Bomb Threat
(SOWETAN, 7 Sep 82).

Sep 82)....066

Society'

47

49

50

54

56

57

58

59

62

63

64

66

67



19 orste ore bbb o's9zt €8/2861
ae one RZ ele O'POL 78/1861
a 6886 Zz 8'bZ e9es 18/0861
ee noee rest 661 TLE 08/6161
6% Sesst SOr SU SORT 6L/8L61
= e'88ZI 9°01 feat - ores 8L/LL61
aannpuadxy anuaaay aspa4ouy
asvasquy qunowy quasanaay quasingay aan pjnuny munouy a
Bujaiasag 1gaq Buipnjoxq
aunupuadxq — juasangay JO % v sv Bujziasag 192q Bujg1Adeg 190d

(uoqjiw sy) :e6png oy) pue Guldiases }qoq

z eigeL

38



PFP CONTROL OF DURBAN COUNCIL INCREASED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Sep 82 p 13

[Text]

cso:

4700/1914

DURBAN. — Durban
City Council appears to
be firmly under the con-
trol of councillors who
have strong affiliations
with the Progressive Fed-
eral Party after the elec-
tion of the council’s vari-

ous committees in
Durban on Tuesday
night.

The number of coun-
cillors with PFP connec-
tions has increased in the
Management Committee
and PFP councillors now
also hold the
chairmanship of all but
one of the standing com-
mittees.

The Management
Committee (Manco) now
appears to be firmly in the
hands of the PFP. Mr Neil
MacLennan has retained
the chairmanship and
other PFP members sel-
ected were Mr Peter
Mansfield, Mr Donald
Smith and Mr Crispin
Hemson.

Two NRP supporters,
Mr Stan Lange and Mrs
Lesley Sprague, are the

69

other two members of the
seven-man committee.

Mrs Sprague is the first
woman to serve on Man-
co. At 34, Mr Hemson is
the youngest member yet
to serve on the commi-
ttee.

The NRP retained the
chairmanship of one of
the committees in the
council when Mr Lew
Phillips won the
chairmanship of the Gen-
eral Services Committee
in a draw of lots with Mrs
Margaret Cooke after a
dead-heat in the voting.

Commenting on the
council committee elec-
tions, Mr Louis de Beer,
a conservative and a for-
mer chairman of the
Works Committee, said it
was a foregone conclusion
that after the city council
election results there
would be a swing towards
the PFP at committee le-
vel.

He said voting ap-
Peared to have been on a
Party politicial basis and
noton merit.

SOUTH AFRICA



Catholic church 2 pm; Mankweng, Port Elizabeth and New Brighton on Sunday,
September 12, The Soweto Branch of the Azanian people's Organisation
launched the "Biko Week" at the Dube YWCA at 7 pm yesterday, [Text]
[Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 7 Sep 82 p 6]

SOWETO DEFICIT=-The Soweto Council has a deficit of more than R5-million

in its budget and the figure is increasing by Rl million a month, This

was disclosed yesterday by the council's director of finance, Mr Irwin
Florence, who said the R150 million raised earlier this year from overseas
banks would not help reduce the deficit, The council is faced with the

task of raising a further R8 million to save its R204 million electrification
project. Contractors are demanding the money to meet the escalating costs.
Residents still owe the council more than R1 million in overdue electricity
bills, The council has for months been battling to recover the money. The
council plans to spend about R9 million for its housing projects in the
townships and R750 000 on library and health facilities, The housing budget
includes the planned R4 million housing scheme in Protea on the outskirts

of Soweto. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 7 Sep 82 p 2]

UNIONS SLAM SATS--The 20 000 strong Food and Canning Workers' Union and
African Food and Canning Workers' Union have said they are "appalled" at

the action of the South African Transport Services in first refusing to meet
with the union representing Sats employees in the Port Elizabeth harbour
and later by dismissing hundreds of workers. It was obvious that Sats was
not prepared to grant workers elementary trade union rights and had resolved
on a course of confrontation in the Port Elizabeth docks, said a spokesman
for the FCWU. The spokesman said the Sats/General Workers' Union dispute
had exposed the shortcomings of the Government's labour relations policy.
[text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 7 Sep 82 p 6]

AFRIKAANS CHURCH ALTERS TONE--The church has to root out the “evil of
apartheid," both in society and in the church itself, says Die Ligdraer,
official organ of the Ned Geref Sendingkerk, The Rev A.C. Goliath, acting
editor of Die Ligdraer said human divisions based on colour, as found in
the country's laws and policy were sinful and in conflict with the gospel.
In an editorial article he said the consequence of Christ's reconciliation
was that all Christians had to learn to live with one another. "There must
be mutual recognition and respect and each must be accepted for what he

is, namely a child of the same father, "However, there is a danger that we
do deny this place on the basis of un-Christian separation . The
separation criterion which has become so real a problem in South African
society and which has caused so much suffering--alas, even in the church--
namely skin colour, is not a factor in membership of the Sendingkerk.

“For this reason, the polarisation which has grown in society between
black and white as a result of the country's laws and policy can never be
pursued or perpetuated in the Sendingkerk." The church would be failing in
its purpose if it did not demonstrate unity in Christ. Apartheid had to be
destroyed, "roots and all." The editorial article added: "The church must
maintain its strong voice against apartheid outside the church, Thanks to
the gospel, the church has a witness against apartheid which is stronger
than any argument in favour of apartheid." [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in
English 7 Sep 82 p 6]

78



320062

JPRS 81879

29 September 1982

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2696

911 11608661

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

gah tegtie 3



PM TO LIMIT AIR TRAVEL--Air flights on foreign visits by Prime Minister Cde
Mugabe will be limited this year, the Assembly was told yesterday. Speaking
during debate on the $15 980 000 allocated in the Budget for the Prime
Minister's Office, Cde Mugabe said that in this financial year it was
unlikely that the full $1 million set aside for fares would be used, Most
foreign trips would be to neighbouring countries in Africa, "and the cost
will not be that high." Brigadier John Probert (RF, Borrowdale) had asked
why the allowance for travel for the Prime Minister's Office had been
increased from $990 000 last year. Mr Henry Elsworth (Independent,
Midlands) asked the Prime Minister to devote himself to economic problems.
Cde Mugave said he would "lend his weight to whatever programmes the
Minister of Finance, Economic Planning and Development wishes to implement."
The vote was approved.=-Ziana [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English

2 Sep 82 p 1]

cso: 4700/1911 END

104



KENYA

Country Seeking ‘Emergency Aid' From West
(Peter Kareithi; DAILY NATION, 17 Sep 82).......-s++eee- .

COTU Grudges Wages, Food Price Increases
(THE WEEKLY REVIEW, 27 Aug 82)....+...e00- bee e eee eee .

Church Does Not Exist To Bolster Regimes, Affirms Bishop
(THE NAIROBI TIMES, 26 Aug 82)...-.eeecccccseccnccvceeeee

Muhoroni Gasohol Ready
(John Mulaa; THE NAIROBI TIMES, 27 Aug 82)........---eee-

'PAMBANA' Printed in Malindi
(THE NAIROBI TIMES, 26 Aug 82)......... beac recone te eeeee

LIBERIA

Doe, Kaunda Discuss Problems of OAU
(Monrovia Domestic Service, 10 Sep 82).........

Briefs
Iron Ore Mining Closedown

MALAWI
Role, Structure of Malawi Congress Party Noted
(John R. Ngwiri; MALAWI NEWS, 28 Aug-3 Sep 82).........--
MALI
Traore Pays Brief Visit, Talks With Kountche
(Naimey Domestic Service, 13 Sep 82)..
Traore Visits, Talks With Zerbo, Press
(Ouagadougou Domestic Service, 13 Sep 82)... .-
Briefs
Traore Visit to Senegal
Traore Leaves Ouagadougou for Naimey
MAURITIUS
Details of New Budget, Growth Expectations Given
(Azad Jeetun; L'EXPRESS, 18, 19 Aug 82)...-....eeeeeeeee
MOZAMBIQUE

Defector Reportedly Leaves S. Africa, Joins NRM
(David Spiro; THE CITIZEN, 8 Sep 82).....--eeeeeeeeeeee .

16

17

19

20

21

22

24

25

35

46



Early Beginnings

The development of the
MCP can be considered
briefly as falling into three
chronological phases: the
first starts with the forma-
tion of the Nyasaland Afri-
can Congress in 1944; the
second with the return
home in mid-1958 of
Newazi Dr. H. Kamuzu
Banda; and the third is ob-
viously the post-indepen-
dence period from 1964
onwards.

The Nyasaland African
Congress was an urban-
based party which was do-
minated by civil servants.
It was a successor to the
pre-World War II Native
Associations. Although the
NAC provided a channel
through which Africans
could vent anti-colonial
gricvanccs it lacked effecti-
ve leadership, and failed to
cither delay or prevent the
imposition of the Rhode-
sian Federation on Nyasa-
land in 1953. During the
next five years the NAC
declined in strength to a
very low ebb, having incf-
fectively opposed the en-
forcement of highly unpop-
ular colonial agricultural
legislation, and having,
been unable to reflect the
widespread fears that farm-
ing land would be seized as
in Rhodesia.

An effective political or-
ganisation began to emerge
soon after the historic re-
turn of Dr. H. Kamuzu
Banda from Ghana in July
1958. The following month
he was elected President
General of the NAC and
thereafter embarked on a
tour of the whole country,
addressing political rallies
in every District. As a re-
sult the people of Nyasa-
land were so well organised
and so closely united that
the colonial Government in
Zomba was obliged to take
heed of what Dr. Banda
was saving or thinking.

‘Through a disastrous
political blunder on the
part of the authorities, Dr.
Banda was arrested and de-
tained in Gwelo, Southern
Rhodesia, and his Party
proscribed. However, 13
months later the colonial
Government just had to re-
lease him, and the Malawi
Congress Party emerged
with considerable zeal and
vigour. And soon after-
wards he was invited by
Iain Macleod to London
for talks which ended in
Nyasaland having a consti-
tution which contained the
basic elements of demo-
cracy, including provision
for elections with two ca-
tegories of voting rolls:
‘lower’ (20 seats) and ‘high-
er’ (8 seats).

In August 1961 the Ma-
lawi Congress Party won all
20 seats on the lower roll
with massive support, as
well as the two it had con-
tested on the higher roll,
while the MCP-supported
independent candidate was
also successful.) Since the
United Federal Party of the

white settlers gained only
five seats, the results of the
elections affirmed the peo-
ple’s trust and confidence
in Dr. Banda and the Mala-
Wi Congress Party.

In accordance with the
Agreement reached in
London, five seats on the
Executive Council (the nu-
cleus of a Cabinet) were
given to the Malawi Con-
gress Party. The other five

Figure

The Organisation of the
Malawi Congress Party

‘The Life President .

7

‘National Executive
Committee

Disciplinary
Committee

t—_$—,
| saa Conference }+———+[_ Regional Committee |]

[District Conference }+————+ [District Committee i

LMW District
Committee

MCP District
Committee

LMY District
Committee {| YP.

[Area Commitice | 1 Area Commitee } [Area Committee |



TOGO

BRIEFS

NEW FRENCH AMBASSADOR--His Excellency Michel Chatelais, the new ambassador
of the Republic of France to Togo, yesterday presented his credentials to
Gen Gnassingbe Eyadema, founding chairman of the Togolese People's Rally

and president of the republic. [AB210912 Lome Domestic Service in French
0615 GMT 21 Sep 82]

cso: 4719/1403

85



VILLAGE DEFENCE GROUPS PRAISED

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 23 Aug 82 p 1

[Article by Mkumbwa Ally]

[text]

CCM Chairman, Mwalimu
Nyerere has said that defence
groups formed by villagers in
Shinyanga and Tabora
regions to counter organised
crime have the full support of
the Party. :

Mwaiimu told cheering
peasants at Iselamagazi
Village. 52 kilometres west of
here yesterday that the
people's initiative to fight cat-
tle rustling was in line with
the Party guidelines
(Mwongozo) on defence.,

The Party Chairman who
arrived here yesterday for a
three«lay tour of the region
said measures taken by the
Government to arrest and
prosecute leaders of village
groups were misguided

“It is absurd to arrest in-
hocent villagers who are
determined to fight crime
while the criminals are left at
large to continue stealing
prople’s property”, Mwalimu
explained

He said although some of
the identified culprits had
been arrested, several others
were still at large.

He said some of the leaders

cso: 4700/1907

of village groups were sen-
tenced to imprisonment but
added that he had ordered
their release

Mwalimu pointed out that
Government efforts to fight
ttle rustling were
inadequate adding that
peasants should) be en-
couraged to take part in this
exercise.

He praised villagers who
had formed such groups and
urged them to wage a protrac-
ted war against all types of
crime.

He directed Party and
Government leaders to give
them full support in this task.

Mwalimu pointed out that
the country’s police force
was too small to cover the
vast territory.

Policemen were shainly
posted to urban areas, he ex-
plained, adding that security
ofthe rural population depen -
ded mainly on the people
themselves

Villagers in Shinyanga and
Tabora region took the
initiative to form defence
groups in the wake of re-

current cases of cattle rustling

80

TANZANIA

and wanton murders of in-
nocent people.

Earlier, the Sbinyanga
Regional Party Secretary,
Ndugu Gwassa Sebabili, told
Mwalimu that the defence
group at Iselamagazi Village
recently arrested seven mur-
der suspects who were handed
‘over to the police

“T want to assure you that
your initiative is highly ap-
preciated by the Party. You
should keep it up", Mwalimu
told the villagers. .

Meanwhile Mwalimu has
said that the Government

to hand over to
villages grinding mills owned
by private businessmen in
Shinyanga Region’ will not be
reversed.

During discussions with
Regional leaders soon after
arrival here, Mwalimu said
efforts should be made to en-
sure continuity of the service
under village management.

It was reported that most of
the 263 grinding mills taken
over by the villages early this
year had been grounded.

Some of the Regional
leaders blamed this on
conflicts between leaders.



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

SAVIMBI ON SWAPO TAKEOVER--Dr Jonas Savimbi, the leader of the "nationalist"
Unita forces fighting the Marxist MPLA Government has described himself

as an ally of South Africa, according to a South African newspaper report.
The report, in the Afrikaans newspaper Beeld quotes Dr Savimbi as saying
the "West's frontline" starts in southern Angola, not on the border of
Namibia and South Africa. The article, by Mr Tom Vosloo who is a confidant
of the South African Prime Minister, Mr Botha, described Dr Savimbi as
"charismatic," The Unita struggle is described in the article as "a struggle
for freedom," Dr Savimbi, via Mr Vosloo, predicted that a "SWAPO takeover"
in Namibia (which is what is widely thought to be probable if free elections
on independence take place( would strengthen the influence of the Soviet
Union in southern Africa. Dr Savimbi also predicts, according to Mr Vosloo,
that independence would catch Unita in a military pincer between SWAPO and
Angolan Government forces. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English No 3396,
6 Sep 82 p 2315]

SAVIMBI IMPLICATION--The files of the Portuguese secret police, the Policia
Internacional do Estado (PIDE) were made available to journalists earlier
this month, A document has been found which comprises the position of the
"nationalist" leader of UNITA, Sr Jonas Savimbi, A telegram has been found
in one of the files from the Direcaao General de Segurance (DGS). Marked
Top Secret and dated September 19, 1972, the telegram gives an account of
a report from Sr Savimbi who was supposed to be fighting the Portuguese at
the time, The telegram was datelined Luso, Angola. According to the DGS
telegram Sr Savimbi said his UNITA (Union for the Total Independence of
Angola) guerillas had successfully ambushed a 30-man force of the rival
Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA~the Marxist Government
now in power). Sr Savimbi asked the Portuguese authorities for arms,
amminition, medical supplies and a safe passage through Portuguese army
lines. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English No 3395, 30 Aug 82 p 2249]

TWENTY RELEASED--Ten injured Angolan soldiers and ten members of the
Popular Defence Organisation arrived in Luanda recently after being
released by South Africa, The release coincided with the arrival in
Luanda of the US envoy, Mr Frank Wisner, [Text] [London WEST AFRICA
in English No 3395, 30 Aug 82 p 2249]

CSO: 4700/1903



CONSTITUTIONAL CRISIS MUST BE RESOLVED

NAMIBIA

’ Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 7 Sep 82 pp 4-5

[Article by Leon Kok in column "From the Editor's Desk"]

[text]

AG Mr Danie
Hough’s men have un-
doubtedly made a mess-
up of the constitutional
situation in SWA and its
rather amusing to have
Mr Hough now looking
to the press for a
scapegoat.

The Windhoek Adver-
tiser of course being top of
the list.

Mr Hough would do bet-
ter to look to his planners
and manipulators and not
least his political
“Brigadiers’.

I am most sorry to have
to say this about Mr
Hough because I have a
high regard for him and he
and myself in general have
a pretty amicable
relationship.

Be that as it may, lets
have a look at what the
whole issue is all about.

I need hardly explain
that the internal con-
stitutional issue has been a
running battle involving
various parties since the
December 1978 election.

During the past two
years, however, problems
have emerged over the in-
terim constitution issue,
better known as AG 8.

Former DTA President
Mr Peter Kalangula and
his Owambo-based
National Democratic
Party (now known as the
CDA) wanted the ethnic
substance of AG 8 totally
removed.

The DTA Head Com-
mittee objected and this
resulted in the NDP break-
ing away from the DTA.

Certain DTA leaders
might argue that there were
other issues that forced the
break, and although that is
true, they were quite secon-
dary to the AG 8 issue.

Shortly after the
Coloured Labour Party of
Mr Barney Barnes was
‘kicked out’ of the DTA, as
interpreted by the DTA
Head Committee, although
I would contest that
description of the events as
well. However, it is irrele-
vant to my argument here.

The break from the
DTA_ of these two
organisations had con-
siderable repercussions
from the SA Government’s
point of view: it implied
that the DTA could no
longer be regarded as a
single safe ‘horse’ for the
SA Government in a UN-
supervised election.

50

Hence began a number
of initiatives.

What these were are still
not clear.

Ministers Council
Chairman Mr Dirk Mudge
however alleged in April
that certain Defence Force
Officers, SA Government
officials, Western five of-
ficials and myself had a
hand in undermining the
DTA.

Mr Mudge also raised
this matter with SA Prime
Minister Piet Botha in
Cape Town and the Prime
Minister promised to look
into the allegations.

The Defence Force, the
Western five and myself
nevertheless dismissed the
allegations as being non-
sense.

DEFENCE FORCE

The Defence Force
showed exceptional
cooperation in its dealings
with Mr __Kalangula
between Mr Kalangula’s
break from the DTA in
February and Mr Mudge’s
allegations in April and as
such this was incorrectly
construed by Mr Mudge as
a deliberate undermining of
the DTA. One motive on
the part of the SA Govern-
ment was to prevent Mr
Kalangula venturing too



DETAILS OF DETAINEES KEPT SECRET

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Sep 82 p 3

[text]

cso:

babwe’s authorities.

He also said, in
answer to a supplemen-
tary question about the
detention of Air Vice-
Marshall Hugh Slater

force director of opera-
tions), that it was not
“customary to discuss
matters which are still
sub judice.””

Dr Ushewokunze was
answering Mr Donald
Goddard (RF, Lundi),
who asked how many
people were now in de-
tention for reasons other
than exchange control
offences. Mr Goddard
also asked the Minister
to mame them, supply
their ages and state
under what conditions
they were being held.

The Minister was also
asked to make a state-
ment ‘on the legality of

4700/1914

the procedures followed
In detaining —_ these
le.””
— Minister’s reply
to the main question
was: “On the grounds of
national security, I am
not prepared to make
public the informatica,

allow the MP to speak —
whether the Minister
would, “‘in view a

92

ZIMBABWE

dard replied: “We dom’t
live in South Africa.”
Dr Ushewokumze re-



CSO:

4700/1914

“Ethnical heterogenity
iwould then be continuous-
IY pressurised by Blacl
solidarity and Black
polarisation, especially if
propagdnida suececded in
highlighting the Whites as
the common enemy and
suppressor.

“Black collectivity and
expéctations, together
with their increased edu-
cation and labour levels,

combined with their per--

manency, would push eth-

nicity into the background
so much so that the per-_
manent Blacks would con-
sider themselves as an ur-
ban power group,” Prof
Boshoff said.

Of the envisaged 33,5-
million urbanised people
in 2.000 about 24%-mil-
lion would: be Black, 3-
million Asians and five-
million Whites, he said.
-“For each 100 city-
dwellers 73 would then be
Black, 15 White 9
Coloured and 3 Asians,”
headded.

The professor said more
than 80 percent ‘of the
economic growth in the
next two decades should
be established in the nat-
ional states and ‘used for

71

Coloured and Asian devel-
opment.

“If economic develop-
ment does not take place
inside national states it
will have serious political
implications for White
South Africa,’ he war-
ned.

Regarding the increase
in the various population
groups he predicted that
White births would effec-
tively decrease in 15 years
time,

He said White births
had reached a peak in
1973 (90 500) and had de-
creased to 73 000 a year at
present.

In contrast, Coloured
births and Black’ births
were likely to increase
well into the middle of the
next century, he said.

‘There was concern over
the sterilisation of about
30 000 Whites in hospitals
between 1976 and_ 1979
and that a figure of 70 000
a year was presently pre-
vailing.

Twice as many White
women were presently be-
ing. removed from the
birth-giving category by
way of sterilisation.

‘The congress continues
today.



MALI

TRAORE VISITS, TALKS WITH ZERBO, PRESS
AB132205 Ouagadougou Domestic Service in French 2000 GMT 13 Sep 82

[Text] President Moussa Traore of Mali left Ouagadougou this afternoon for
Naimey at the end of a few hours working visit in our capital. Accompanied
by Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation Alioune Blondin
Beye and minister of interior and security, Lt Col Abderhamane Maiga the
Malian head of state was seen off at the airport by Col Saye Zerbo, surrounded
by top personalities of the country.

During his short stay in our capital, Gen Moussa Traore had a working session
with Col Saye Zerbo, chairman of the military committee of redress for na-
tional progress and head of state, followed by a private luncheon. A short
while before his departure the Malian president granted an interview to the
press at the presidential palace. He stressed in a statement the identity
of viewpoints and perfect understanding that exist between Col Saye Zerbo and
himself.

[Begin recording] [Traore] I would first of all like to express my gratitude
to my brother and friend, President Saye Zerbo, the members of the govern-
ment and the authorities of your country for the very warm and fraternal wel-
come and for the truly African hospitality accorded me as well as my entour-
age. And as you have just observed the brevity of my visit, it is explained
by the fact that there was perfect understanding between President Saye

Zerbo and myself during the talks which we have just held. During these
talks we discussed African problems, particularly the crisis which is facing
our continental organization. In fact, I came here to find a solution and
compromise that can, first of all, safeguard the interests of Africa and
Africans so that we can stand above our political divergences. We arrived

at a similarity of viewpoints and that is the essential thing. We also dis-
cussed bilateral issues, and as you are aware, cooperation between our two
countries is gathering more strength everyday. And we felt that this cooper-
ation should surpass our present hopes and aspirations. I would once again
like to thank President Saye Zerbo and all the authorities of Upper Volta
for the welcome given me. [End recording]

President Moussa Traore also answered two other questions on the prevailing
situation within the OAU.

32



entrepreneurial ability and
the development of small
enterprises.”

The government is fully
conscious that employment
opportunities in the public
sector are limited and the
solution to our unemployment
problem resides elsewhere.
In this same spirit as in the
case of small scale firms the
government intends to
encourage the cooperative
movement. The formation
of handicraft cooperatives.
consumer cooperatives. and
cooperatives of vegetable
and fruit growers as well as
of fishing and pig producing
sectors will all be beneficial
to the country. This will
help to boost production
and contain the price level
while at the same time
generate self-reliance and
increase employment.

The budget also takes
cognizance of the fact that
the Export Processing Zone
Sector has to play an
increasingly important role
in the economy. It is
shielded from different

forms of taxation and will
certainly be exempt from
the Sales Tax. However,
the conventional approach
of participating in trade
fairs is not enough. No
mention is made to the
setting up of institutions to
boost our exports, notably,
an Export Promotion Coun-
cil. Moreover, we should
adopt outward-looking poli-
cies to attract foreign
investors who can play a
useful role in the Export
Processing Zone. The new
package of incentives
should, therefore, aim at
attracting as many foreign
investors as possible. The
growth of this sector will

44

ease our balance of pay-
ments situation but it will
not be successful to absorb
the predominantly male
unemployed given the struc-
ture of employment in this
sector.

The objective of the bud-
get is mainly to stimulate
investment in new enter:
prises but it does not give
priority to the utilization of
already installed capacity.
It is well-known that the
potential or raising produc-
tion by utilizing existing
capacity fully is immense.
This would enable many
sectors of the economy to
yield more production than
we are getting at present. It
would lead to an increase in
production and hence in
employment in the short
run, would have a salutary
effect on the price level and
would lead to savings of
scarce foreign exchange.
This is an anomaly as the
government intends to utilize
our limited foreign exchange
resources but not out instal
led capacity.

The company income
tax rate that is unduly high
has not been changed. The
high rate of tax is not con-
ducive to private savings or
to investment. Enterprises
cannot invest unless they
have the means and are
given a respite from the
high level of taxation. The
government has preferred
to provide the means
through the availability of
credit for productive invest-
ment. In the past the share
of credit to the private
sector has consistently
declined. Although the go-
vernment intends to chan-
nel credit for productive
investment it is doubtful



NAMIBIA

MUDGE OPPOSES ETHNICALLY BASED GOVERNMENT
AB160722 Paris AFP in English 0431 GMT 16 Sep 82

[Text] Windhoek, 16 Sep (AFP)--Namibia's Ministerial Council leader Dirk
Mudge warned here Wednesday night that he would oppose and even fight against
the formation of any ethnically based interim government in the territory.

He was commenting at a press conference on a speech by South African Prime
Minister Pieter Botha last Monday in which Mr Botha told a ruling party pro-
yincial congress that his government was thinking of altering the government
structure in Namibia to make it "more effective."

The territory's Pretoria-appointed administrator-general, Danie Hough, has
suggested a type of national unity government of five "representative" ethnic
leaders, and Mr Botha called on Namibians to cooperate with Mr Hough.

Last night Mr Mudge said he would not participate in any purely ethnically
based government and would fight against it with all the means at his dis-
posals. He and the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DIA), of which he is chair-
man, had a problem understanding exactly what Mr Botha meant by a "more ef-
fective" government.

Mr Mudge commented: "We don't know if it means the present Ministers' Council
is not ruling effectively enough. If that is the meaning, then we cannot
agree." If Mr Botha had meant that the government here should be more repre-
sentative, and that other people and parties should be involved in it, then
the DTA had made attempts to bring this about on a number of occasions, Mr
Mudge said.

The same people who wanted to defeat the nationalist movement SWAPO at the
polls had publicly discredited the only political alliance in existence--the
DTA--that had a chance of beating SWAPO, Mr Mudge complained. "This is not the
way to win elections and vanquish one's enemy," he remarked. "I view it as
unfortunate that this is the treatment dealt to an ally in the struggle
against sanctions and boycotts."

cso: 4700/1945

49



whether it will be success-
ful in this respect given the
yawning revenue/expendi-
ture gap that was financed
to a large extent by borro-
wing from the banking sec
tor in the past. It is only

, when we shall be able to

cso:

reduce the budget deficit to
manageable proportions that
there can be monetary dis-
cipline. This cannot be ex-
pected in the near future
since the deficit, according
to the IMF prescription,
should be reduced to 7 per
cent by 1984/85. So we
have to live with a deficit in
the years ahead.

It cannot be denied that
the budget is investment-
oriented but the measures
are mainly in the income
taxation sphere. Investors
will derive benefit from
these concessions only in
the next financial year. On
the one hand, there is prac
tically no cost to the go-
vernment in this year.

On the other hand, the
budget may diminish the at-
traction of the measures to
the potential investors who
have to contend with imme
diate increases in costs.
The increase in the stamp
duty from 5 per cent to 12
per cent) will certainly
hamper the growth of indus-
tries catering for the do-
mestic market. The 5 per

4700/1868

cent duty was already con-
sidered excessive. There
has been a sharp drop in
production in many local
industries as a result of the
tise in price and the conse-
quent fall in demand. Many
of these industries have re-
sorted to redundancies in
the recent past. If there is
further down-trading, there
is bound to be additional
redundancies. The effect
will be more pronounced
onthe badly squeezed com-
mercial sector. The imposi-
tion of a Sales Tax will have
a similar adverse impact.
Furthermore, the local enter-
prises will not be able to
export although they have
the potential to doso ducto
the lack of competitive-
ness .of their products on
account of a high level of
taxation. In the short run,
employment prospects in
manufacturing and commer-
cial sectors are not bright.
Had the budget laid its em-
phasis on the utilization of
existing capacity it would
have given a fillip to em-
ployment creation. At the
moment We have to wait for
the setting up of appro-
priate organizations and
for potential investors to
come forward with new
projects.

Priority is given to the
creation of employment in

45

small scale industries where-
as employment in manu-
facturing (other than the
EPZ) and commercial sec
tors is in jeopardy. New
investment is encouraged
while excess capacity is not
utilized. Investment in-
centives have been granted
in the field of direct taxa-
tion but their favourable
impact has been partly
offset by an increase in in-
direct taxes. These are a
few inconsistencies of the
budget.

However, the budgetary
proposals for the revival of
the economy should not be
viewed piecemeal but in a
broad framework. The in-
vestment incentives may
not be adequate in them-
selves but they should be
considered alongwith a
policy of wage restraint
that the government is
practising.

The budget reveals that
the will to steer the eco-
nomy on the right track is
there. It has definitely put
an end to the climate of
uncertainty that prevailed
for too long. It is not a
question of asking for more.
It depends on the Mau-
ritians now to pool their
efforts to take up the chal-
lenge and shape the future
growth of the economy.



cso:

4700/1914

analysed in the months
ahead.

The index appears to
be very much in the em-
bryo stage and the
chamber is keeping the
details close to its chest.

‘A spokesman said yes-
terday he had “nothing
more to add” to the arti-
cle.

‘The article says work-
ing costs on South Afri-
can gold mines have risen
at a greater rate than gen-
eral inflation. In 1971,
costs were R7,87 a ton
milled and by the end of
1981 they had risen by an
average of 18,1 percent a
year to reach R41,57 a
ton.

The Consumer Price
Index, on the other hand,
had risen by an average of
12 percent a year during
the period.

These increases ‘in
costs, however, had been
offset to some extent by a
2,2 percent boost in tons
milled a year.

74

Although the share of
costs represented by wag-
es paid to skilled mine-
workers fell from 30,5
percent to 18,1 percent,
the actual skilled labour
charges a ton milled rose
by 12,1 percent — from
R2,40 to R7,52.

This was mainly due to
a rise in the number of
skilled people employed,
from 36 633 to 41 494 and
an average increase in the
wage bill for skilled work-
ers of 12,8 percent a year.

Over the 10-year
period the average wage
paid to skilled minework-
ers jumped from R386,60
amonth to R1 294.

Unskilled labour
charges a ton milled rose
at amuch faster rate.

Shift rates rose by 23,7
percent a year, from
R1,37 to R11,53 last year.
At the end of 1981
unskilled labour charges
accounted for 27,7 per-
cent to total working costs
— in 1971 only 17,4 per-
cent.



TANZANIA

BRIEFS

EXPRESS TRAIN--The express train between Dar es Salaam and Tabora is expected
to start today, an official of Tanzania Railways Corporation (TRC) said in
the city yesterday, The daily express train is scheduled to leave Dar es
Salaam at 8 pm and arrive Tabora at 2.17 pm the following day, he said.

He said that the train is expected to reduce congestion along the central
line. [text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 1 Sep 82 p 3]

csO: 4700/1907

84



THE BUDGET IN A NUTSHELL

Pensions &
Social Secu-

10.8

Other Departments
15.5

Social Security
7.4

Health
6.5

39



JPRS 81879

29 September 1982

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2696
ConTENTS
ANGOLA
Personalities in Recent Reshuffle Examined
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 25 Aug 82).....ececeeececeecceees eoee 1
MPLA, UNITA Policies, UNITA Membership Discussed
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 25 Aug 82)... seeee 3
Briefs
Savimbi on SWAPO Takeover 8
Savimbi Implication 8
Twenty Released 8
ETHIOPIA
Briefs
TPLF Military Claims 9
GHANA
Talks With IMF Denied at Soviet Youth League Gift Ceremony
(WEST AFRICA, 6 Sep 82)........-02. eee eee cere nee seeeeeee 10
Reasons for PNDC Members' Resignation Analyzed
(WEST AFRICA, 30 Aug 82).......... Sony eee ne eee e reece 11
Punishable Offenses in Armed Forces Published
(WEST AFRICA, 6 Sep 82) ..cececceccececcceceeceececeeeeneees 13
Briefs
Fifty-Cedi Note Refunds 14
Interagra Food Shipments 14
GUINEA
Party-Government Statement on Sekou Toure Trip
(Conakry Domestic Service, 9 Sep 82)........eeeeeeeecceene 15



EXPERT CLAIMS SADCC POWER GRID FEASIBLE

Harare THE HERALD in English 2 Sep 82 p 9

[text]

cso:

4700/1911

A REGIONAL  elec-
tricity grid for the
SADCC region is tech-
nically possible, and
as long as the coun-
tries involved have
complete trust in each
other, will have great
economic advantages,
says a leading Zimba-

bwean civil engineer.

Mr John Johnston, chief
hydrological engineer in
the Ministry of Water
Resources and De-
velopment and a former
Government adviser on
energy, told delegates at
the national conference of
the Geographical Associa-
tion of Zimbabwe that
there were two major con-
siderations when looking
at the possible establish-
ment of an SADCC elec-
tricity grid — one tech-
nical and the other
political.

Technically, inter-
regional grids were pos-
sible and held certain ad-
vantages. But in energy
matters, countries were
very sensitive and were
afraid of the damage they
could suffer if the country
they got their power from
became unfriendly and cut
supplies. They therefore
tried to be as independent
as possible.

102

But, said Mr Johnston,
if the countries trusted
each other completely and
the grid was operated for
the good of all, an inter-
regional grid would have
“tremendous advantages”.

He detailed the com-
plexity of energy policy
planning and said one of
the most important fac-
tors in regional planning
was the mobility of vari-
ous types of energy —
how they were moved, and
at what cost in energy
and money to the country
or region as a whole.

Zimbabwe's four major
sources of energy were, in
order of use: electricity,
‘wood, coal and petroleum.

Electricity was the
most economical energy
traveller and was most ef-
fictent and versatile in Its
use. The extension of the
national grid and local
supplies were _ therefore
well justified, Mr John-
ston said.

Coal should be conver-
ted into electricity at
mines because _trans-
porting coal cost money
ani energy which cut
down on the national ef-
ficlency of coal utilisation.

If Zimbabwe wanted to
export coal to other
SADCC countries, rail
links would have to be
good enough to ensure
good mobility. — Ziana.

ZIMBABWE


SOMALIA

BRIEFS

WSLF MILITARY VICTORY CLAIMS--In fierce fighting between the heroic Western
Somali Liberation Front [WSLF] freedom fighters and Black Abyssinian colonialist
troops on the outskirts of Warder and Dagahbur on the 8th and 12th of this
month respectively, heavy casualties were inflicted on the Abyssinian forces.
In the fighting that took place near Warder on the 8th of this month, 18 de-
sperate Abyssinian soldiers were killed and many others wounded. An assort-
ment of arms belonging to the enemy was also captured in this fighting. It is
reported that 8 Abyssinian soldiers were killed while 1 water transport vehicle
was destroyed in fighting around Dagahbur on 12 September. The Abyssinian
forces, unable to withstand the encounter, were forced to flee, leaving behind
a large quantity of arms and ammunition. [Text] [EA192214 (Clandestine) Voice
of Western Somali and Abo Liberation Fronts in Somali to Western Somalia 0930
GMT 19 Sep 82]

cso: 4503/47

62



"Following confusing reports in the media it became clear that a conference
of leaders would not be right at this stage since the mutual trust and frank-
ness required for it no longer exist. Where the central authority is con-
cerned, there is a general need for broader representation by political par-
ties, representative authorities and interest groups from the private sector,"

Mr Hough said.

cso: 4700/1945

48



that are being offered to
foreigners “otherwise our
engineers will never be
employed as engineers at
all.

MISS said that although
the private sector made a

number of requests . for
skilled workers to the
data bank, their reaction
to them was very often
dissatisfying because they
rejected Government pro-
posals.

Because of the rarity of
their demands on MAN-
DATA, it appeared that
Parastatals were either
unaware of the facility or
were not Interested in
using it. ,
“The ministry acknow-
ledged the fact’ that there
are some areas in which
the country has manpower
shortages,” says MISS.
These were mainly in the
fields of civil engineering,
architecture, chartered ac:

cso: 4700/1911

Work permit applications during September, Octo-
ber and November, 1981, tabulated:

Qualification category

Degrees
Diploma

Other qualifications

Govt. Para-

37a

2 5

6 66

Total... 45 28

Pvt.
depts. statals sector Totals

145
112
4

311

199
119
86

404

countancy, highly skilled
typing and stenography,
senior medical specialisa-
tion and agricultural
specialisation.

It was up to industry to
come up with “progressive
ideas” of _ integrating
qualified but in-
experienced locals into the
economy and with this in
mind, parastatals should
take ‘the lead.

No obstacles would be
placed in the way of
foreign recruitment, says
MISS, but —_ employers
should ensure that there
are no qualified Zim-
babweans available before
sending _ recruitment
teams abroad.

The ministry makes the
following observations
about parastatals:

@ More whites than blacks
in the professional and
skilled categories.

@ More whites in highest
income bracket.

97

© More blacks than whites
are graduates.

@ More whites have more
than 10 years of working
experience.

@ Most whites are about
to retire and most of them
are British nationals,

With their degree of
autonomy, most heads of
parastatals preferred to
hire expatriate workers
(usually British) in fa-
vour of locals, a. situation
the Government was de-
termined to end.

The report states that
482, or 41,6 percent of
“hig! technical —_posi-
tions” in the public sector
were vacant, For example,
there were 15 vacancies
out of 44 posts for
veterinary surgeons, 41
out of 87 for physical
scientists, 1/1 for eng-
ineers, 70/110 + theatre
nurses and three out of
four for mechanical eng-
ineers.

i



LIBERIA

DOE, KAUNDA DISCUSS PROBLEMS OF OAU
AB110753 Monrovia Domestic Seryice in English 2100 GMT 10 Sep 82

[Text] The Liberian head of state, Dr Samuel Kanyon Doe, today held talks
with Zambian President Kenneth Kuanda at the executive mansion in Monrovia.
The talks which lasted about 45 minutes, centered around the future of the
OAU. Both leaders discussed the questionof the POLISARIO and the urgent need
to convene a summit conference of the organization.

According to an executive mansion release issued in Monrovia after the talks,
head of state Doe indicated that there prevailed an atmosphere of understand-
ing of the problems facing the OAU. He said he and his colleague agreed that
every effort must be made by the leaders of Africa to save the organization
from disintegration. In this respect, they promised to continue the:search
for a compromise in the present stalemate in which the organization finds it-
self.

In welcoming the Zambian leader to Liberia earlier, the head of state expressed
the conviction that such meetings among the African leaders serve to bring
greater harmony and understanding among their respective peoples. Commander
in Chief [CIC] Doe extended an invitation to President Kuanda to visit Liber-
ia in the near future and the Zambian leader pleasingly accepted the invita-
tion. Dr Kaunda also indicated that he would be happy to have the Liberian
leader visit his country, and he therefore considered that details of these
visits would be worked out through diplomatic channels.

Among the participants in the talks on the Liberian side were the vice head
of state, the secretary general of the People's Redemption Council, the
ministers of foreign affairs, labor, health and social welfare, information,
commerce, industry and transportation as well as the director general of
the cabinet.

Also today, the Zambian president, Dr Kaunda, expressed optimism that the
OAU's summit conference will convene this year. Dr Kaunda was answering
questions from journalists whether the pan-African body will meet this year
after the Tripoli summit failed last month.

Also speaking at a news conference at the Roberts International Airport today at

the end of his 1-day official working visit to Liberia, Dr Kaunda said Afri-
can leaders were consulting on the matter.

22



cso:

at the inception of the employment
committee last May, that a new wages
guidelines would be announced after
the committee reports its findings.
Besides, Cotu had in the past year
been pressing for a comparatively
more generous deal for the workers.
In its memorandum to the presidential
committee on employment Cotu
insisted that the minimum wage level
in all sectors should be between shs.
650 and shs. 1,450 . Along with this
Cotu wanted a host of economic policy
reforms, but the wages demand had
already met with a rebuff from the
Federation of Kenya Employers who
retorted last April that the figures

.were unrealistic.

But neither will Cotu be willing to
accept the food price increases. Boy
warned about this last Friday but the
Cotu memorandum to the committee
on employment is even more
emphantic: It presses for a

4700/1908

18

revolutionary land reform policy aimed
at generating employment as well as
curbing the importation of food. “We
view both the land and agricultural
policies since independence as utter
failures... The authorities have merely
taken (past recommendations) as aca-
demic exercises.” said the Cotu paper.

The maizemeal, bread and wheat
flour price increases were announced
by the minister for finance, Mr. Arthur
Magugu, and reflect anything but
hardly more than 20 per cent increases.
The one kilogramme maizemeal packet
will go for between shs. 2.90 and shs.
3.15 depending on the area. The 500
geammes white bread will be retailed
between shs. 2.30 and shs. 2.45 while
the brown bread will sell between shs.
2.30 and shs. 2.35. The enriched bread
of the same size will be sold for
between shs. 2.50 and shs. 2.55; while
ihe two-kilogramme wheat flour will
be sold between shs. 7.20 and shs.
7.75, a



"SUBVERSIVE' TEACHERS WARNED BY MAWEMA

Harare THE HERALD in English 2 Sep 82 p 1

[text]

cso:

4700/1911

TEACHERS and leaders
who subvert the minds of
people under their control
are worse saboteurs than
dissidents, the Deputy
Minister of Roads and
Road Traffic, Cde Nelson
Mawema, said yesterday.

Cde Mawema, address
ing the Zimbabwe Teach-
ers’ Association leadership
seminar at Masvingo High
School, said that for every
dissident there was a lead-
er or teacher who sowed
the seeds of evil.

‘The formerly privileged
minority in this country
expected no change, or
even an improvement, in
their lifestyle.

“Tt does not require a
super genlus to know
that half a million litres
of milk, which used to
satisfy half a million
people, cannot be shared
in the same volumes or
quantities when one is dis-
tributing it to seven mil-
lon people. The same
goes for beef, bread,
sugar, blankets and so
on.”

‘The blame for the exo-
dus of skilled people from
Zimbabwe should be laid
“at the doors of those who
taught them to be selfish”.

101

Those “exploiters and
opportuaists”. who left
Zimbabwe had never been
taught to be loyal or
committed to the coun-
try. “They reflect the
barrenness of their edu-

cation and leaders, said
Cde Mawema.

He urged teachers to
be totally committed to
Zimbabwe so their pupils
could learn from and fol-
low their teachers’ ‘“self-
less actions in the service
of the country”.

As social agents on be-
half of the family, society
and the Government, tea-
chers’ rolés had a cultural
and historical importance.

“As the — socialising
agents and instruments
of imparting knowledge
and skills, ‘the teacher
determines the goals of
society and of education
to particular.”

A teacher stimulated
the minds of children and
telped to remove reto-
gressive and counter-pro-

ductive inferiority ‘com-~*

plexes.

A poorly trained and
indisciplined teacher was
likely to produce delin-
quents, he said,

ZIMBABWE



MALI

TRAORE PAYS BRIEF VISIT, TALKS WITH KOUNTCHE
AB132053 Naimey Domestic Service in French 1900 GMT 13 Sep 82

[Text] Malian head of state Gen Moussa Traore paid a brief visit to Naimey
this afternoon. Upon his arrival at the Naimey International Airport, Gen
Moussa Traore was welcomed by Col Seyni Kountche, the chairman of the Supreme
Military Council and head of state.

During his brief visit to our capital, the Malian head of state held talks

with President Seyni Kountche concerning the OAU. Shortly before his departure,
the Malian head of state reponded to questions put to him by our reporter
Hussein Hibre:

[Begin recording] [Traore] As you know, the peoples and the leaders of our
African continent have always met in order to discuss the problems facing the
continent. Everyone is aware of the recent events taking place within our
organization. I am referring to the OAU crisis. During the discussions that
I have just held with my brother and friend, President Seyni Kountche, we
examined the situation and found that we hold completely identical views on
the issue and we think that the crisis currently raging within the continen-
tal organization [words indistinct] and that Niger and Mali must do everything
possible to resolve this crisigso that the OAU can move rapidly forward in
order to enable us to achieve our objective of decolonization. Furthermore,
we discussed bilateral issues. As you know, relations between Niger and

Mali are very good; this enables the cooperation between the two countries to
develop fruitfully.

Before leaving Niamey, I would like to thank my brother and friend, President
Seyni Kountche, the members of his government and the Niger authorities for
the very warm and fraternal welcome--a typically African welcome--accorded
my entourage and myself.

[Question] Specifically Mr President, because of the controversial admission
of the SDAR to the OAU, today the pan-African organization is on verge of
explosion. Are the positions of the different heads of state on this issue
(%strictly based on the admission problem), and in your opinion, Mr President,
what do you think should be done in order to avoid the explosion and to as-
certain the credibility of the OAU?

30



NAMIBIA

U.S. RAISES CUBAN WITHDRAWAL ISSUE
MB101150 Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 4 Sep 82 p 26
[From the colum, "Gwen Lister Looks at the Political Scene"']

[Excerpts] In a recent interview, the administrator general, Mr Danie Hough,
made two rather interesting revelations. Firstly, he said that it was the
Americans, and not the South Africans, who had raised the issue of Cuban
withdrawal from Angola. Secondly, and more important, he said that there would
have to be, what he called a "firm agreement" on the withdrawal of the Cubans
before a settlement was implemented in Namibia. What he did not say was that
the Cubans would haye to be withdrawn before a settlement was brought about,
as was previously insisted upon by South Africa.

Still on the question of the Cubans, Mr Hough gave three reasons why the
Cubans should be withdrawn from Angola. Firstly, there had been a Cuban
presence in Angola for some time--it was not a new thing, he admitted--but
since 1975 their presence in Angola had increased. Secondly, Mr Hough

said that initially the presence of the Cubans was restricted to the central
regions of Angola and Luanda in particular, but of late they had moved more
to the south. Thirdly, he added, there was now a military infrastructure

in the south of Angola maintained by both FAPLA [People's Armed Forces for the
Liberation of Angola] and the Cubans, and it was an infrastructure upon which
SWAPO relied.

Mr Hough went on to admit in the interview that although the Cubans were not

a danger at this stage, if the South Africans withdrew, then they certainly
would constitute a threat.

Although he did not want to go into detail, Mr Hough said, South Africa just
wanted a "firm agreement" on the question of a Cuban withdrawal, and an as-
surance that the Cubans would leave Angola, before a settlement in terms of
Security Council Resolution 435 was effected here.

It was significant to note from Mr Hough's utterances, that South Africa

is no longer insisting on a Cuban withdrawalprior to a settlement here, but
is merely seeking the assurance that they will eventually leave.

54



UNIONS SLAM AID PLAN FOR NON-STRIKERS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 6 Sep 82 p 2

[Text]

KEY figures and unions
have slammed the Gov-
ernment’s intention to
finance non-striking mo-
tor-industry workers by
R2-million.

The move by the Gov-
ernment to intervene in
strikes by assisting
workers who refuse to
join is unprecedented,
locally and abroad.

In announcing the
fund, the Minister of
Manpower, Mr S P
Botha, referred to the
plight of loyal motor as-
sembly workers who
lose incomé through
work stoppages caused
by others.

The announcement
comes in the wake of la-
bour unrest in the motor
industry in the eastern
Cape involving black

CSO: 4700/1915

and coloured workers.
White workers said they
wanted to work but
could not because of the
strike. The bulk of the
scheme’s beneficiaries is
thus likely to be white
workers.

The feeling among
employers is that the ad-
ministration of the fund
is likely to create diffi-
culties and that it may
be self-defeating by cre-
ating further instability

-in labour. -

The National Auto-
mobile and Allied
Workers’ + Union
(Naawu) attacked the

|move as “one-sided” ac-
cusing the Minister of
siding with the employ-
ers and accepting only
their accounts of strikes.
The assistant manag-
ling director of General
‘Motors and president of

72

SOUTH AFRICA

\the Eastern Province
Automobile Employers’
Association, Mr Rod
Ironside, said the an-
nouncement was alarm-
ing and he feared it
would set a costly prece-

dent.

The industrial rela-
tions director of Fod,
Mr F Ferreira, predicted
further fragmentation of
labour and proliferation.
of trade unions. “The
scheme lays itself open
to abuse and there could
be great difficulty decid-
ing who is a loyal worker
and who is a striker,” he

said.

The all-white SA
Iron, Steel and Allied
Workers’ Union wel-
comed the announce-
ment but was disap-
pointed that the fund
could not be retrospec-
tive.


LIBERIA

BRIEFS

IRON ORE MINING CLOSEDOWN--Monroyia, 21 Sep (AFP)--Liberia's largest iron ore
mining company, LAMCO, is to close down for six weeks and is to sake more
than a third of its workers due to "continued worldwide depression in the
steel industry", the government NEW LIBERIAN newspaper reported here today.
The move stemmed from drastic reduction in shipments to the company's regu-
lar European customers, and a complete halt by certain steel companies that
buy ore from LAMCO but cannot pay their debts, the paper said, quoting com-
pany sources. The sources said one unnamed steel company owed 5.2 million
dollars to LAMCO for delivered ore, while another company could not take its
contractual quantities, thereby causing a stockpile. Minister of Lands,
Mines and Energy Foday Kromah has said the present situation would force the
company to sack 1,500 out of its 4,000 workforce, and reduce salaries and
fringe benefits for the remainder when the company reopens. “We will have to
make a lot of sacrifices if we want the company to continue to operate", Mr
Kromah added. LAMCO, 290 miles northeast of here, along with two other iron
ore mining companies produce ore that accounts for 70 percent of Liberia's
export earnings. [Text] [AB211259 Paris AFP in English 1211 GMT 21 Sep 82]

Cs0: 4700/1952

24



cso:

Following the com-
pletion of the three-year
plan, Cde Mugabe said,
there would be another
plan spanning a longer
period.

Asked how whites, who
at the moment largely
controlled the means of
production, would be
brought into step with
the Government's think-
ing, Cde Mugabe said he
felt whites had to be ap-
pealed to sector by sector.

Apart from — general
policy statements which
would attempt to per-
suade them to commit
themselves fully, a deter-
mined bid by ‘various
ministers in the particular
sectors to get the whites
in those sectors to work
towards given targets
wan necessary.

“It doesn’t help us to
pay we have manufac-
turers when those manu-
facturers are out of step
with Government policy.

4700/1911

90

“It is up to the Minis-
ter of Industry and
Energy to see that every
manufacturer has targets
which he projects over the
next three years and that
he marshals resources
towards the achievements
of those targets.”

The Government would
direct operations in terms
of targets in the mining
sector where it was felt
necessary to increase pro-
duction.

The Ministry of Hous-
ing had a target to build
several thousand houses
in ‘the next three years

Cde Mugabe summed
up the aims of the tran-’
sitional plan as: “Improv-
ing the lot of the average
man.” He said it was a
people-orientated plan to
move the country out of
the past into a new
sphere. ‘The emphasis
will be to get the State
to invest economic trans-
formation in the coun-
try.” — Ziana.



preceded by weeks of rumour, oily some of which are
substantiated. In fact. Angolan politics are very tightly
controlled within a circle comprising the 11-man
politburo (pius its three supplementary members) and
about a dozen members of the central committee.
In addition to the small number of
politicians privy to the shaping of
policy, there is a further difficulty
in analysing the Angolan scene caused
by the gap between ministries and the
party. Of 44 ministers and vice-
ministers, under half are members of
the central committee. Power ina
ministry may lie more with a couple
of party men than with the minister,
Roberto de Almeida, for instance, who
is generally aligned with the African-
ists holds three crucial party secre+
tariats but is not a minister, There
is no ministry of information at all so
that matters of propaganda and the media
fall under the rather anonymous and
inaccessible department of information
and propaganda (DIP) which whatever the

more liberal views of such men as foreign

minister Paolo Jore remains hostile to

any independent political journalism in
Angola, especially by Western pressmen.
Many of the problems of the press and ‘ideological
education’ are handled by the party ideology secretary
and politburo member Ambrosio Lukoki, a doctrinaire
figure who has been especially hostile to religion.

The party. indeed, has probably become more tightly
centralised since Dos Santos, not yet fully confident of
his role, took over at the end of 1979. Reckoned at
31,000 members after the December ’78 Congress, the
MPLA may now be down to 20-25,000. Following the
Alves déba@le, ‘action committees’ in the Luanda
musseques (shanty towns, containing well over half the
urban population)were dissolved and party cells much
more directly controlled from the top set up instead.
One of the new official slogans -- ‘Let us purify the
party to guarantee cohesion of thought’ -- indicates that
as part of a drive to improve efficiency the party
membership will be pruned. Policy is still determined
very much at the top — in the politburo —- although the
national assembly, wherein the implementation of policy
is discussed. has been given slightly sharper teeth: par-
ticular ministries and particular problems have come
under public scrutiny.

Party on the defensive

Until a Namiban settlement occurs, the party will
necessarily remain tight. At present over half the budget
goes on defence. In addition, Dos Santos will be waiting
eagerly for a doubling in oil production by 1985. as
predicted by oil companies. But until these windfalls
occur, the economy is in a shambles. Partly this is
because the centralised Soviet-style apparatus has been
grafted onto an already grossly inflated dictatorial
bureaucracy bequeathed by the Portuguese colonial
administrations of Salazar and Caetano.

The main reason for the mess however, is the mass
exodus of the Portuguese whites in 1975/76 leaving a
indigenous population not even enough of whom were
trained to drive the 6,000 or so trucks still serviceable
out of the 28,000 available at independence.
Commercial farming has plummeted even from its low
of last year. Nearly all the main provincial centres suffer
severe shortages of basic commodities and food; the
black market, known as kandongeiro, prevails often at
ten or even fifteen times the official levels; a system of
barter keeps many alive. Rampant absenteeism at work,
has been created by people’s seemingly unending search
for food. Industrial productivity in many factories is
down to 20 percent of capacity.

Corruption is increasing though
at high levels it is still
considered low by the standards
of the continent.

All this naturally stirs up
resentment against the ruling
elite who are to some extent
protected against hardship;
for instance, full time MPLA
party workers have access to
special shops where food is
available; they also have better
access to housing and other
privileges, In time of hardship
feeling against the better-
educated mesticos can be aroused
despite party calls to combat
‘racism’ or the 'Nitist phenome-
non' the euphemisms for anti-
mestico prejudice. It is this
economic malause that helps
dissident movements, especially
Dr Jonas Savimbi's UNITA to foment
hostility to the government,

There is no doubt that many
Antolans are materially worse off
than they were under the Portu-
guese,



GOLD MINING INDUSTRY TO MONITOR WORKING COSTS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Sep 82 p 24

[Article by Patrick McLoughlin]

[text]

SOUTH Africa’s gold
producers are busy devel-
oping an index “unique to
the gold mining industry”
in a bid to monitor more
accurately the perennial
problem of working costs.

This is revealed in the
latest Chamber of Mines
newsletter in an article
studying the development
of gold mine working
costs from 1971 to 1981.

The chamber says the
stores and materials com-
ponent of working costs a
ton milled increased in
the decade from 34,4 per-
cent to total working costs
to 35,1 percent.

The actual share a ton
milled was R2,71 in 1971
and R14,58 last year — a
rise of 18,3 percent a
year.

The newsletter says at-
tempts to analyse the
cause of the increases by
using the Production
(Wholesale) Price Index
have been unsuccessful.

A spokesman at the
chamber explained that
the old wholesale index
covered items applicable
to costs of producers on a
“very wide spectrum.”

He said it had been

SOUTH AFRICA

dustry tended to be high-
er than those of other in-
dustries.

The newsletter com-
ments: “It has been con-
cluded that the nature of
the stores used in gold
mining and the buying
practices of the mining
houses require a separate
index and it has been de-
cided to construct a
Stores Price Index unique
to the gold mining indus-
try.”

Work on the index was
progressing and prelimi-
nary results from a num-

found that wholesale
prices in the mining in-

ber of mines were avail-
able and would be

1971

ONE of the interestin

working costs is ther

SMILED UNSKILLED STORES AND 22/5
LABOUR LABOUR MATERIALS Sele
5% 114% Wa Z2/&
ES/5
SKILLED UNSKILLED STORES AND 22/ =
LABOUR UBOUR MATERIALS Sele
18.1% 21% 35.1% 22/2
5/5
ig features revealed by the study of 10 years of
reversalof the contribution of skilled and unskilled
labour to total costs a ton milled.

73



DU PLESSIS APPOINIMENT=-The media liaison section for the Prime Minister will
in future be handled by the Deputy Minister of Information, Mr Barend du
Plessis, A statement released by the Prime Minister's Office yesterday said
the media liaison section of the Foreign Affairs and Information Department
would in future be responsible for the media liaison of the Prime Minister.
The media liaison section will also co-ordinate Ministerial and Departmental
Press releases on topical affairs to promote liaison between the Government
and the media. The former Director of Information (Press Secretary) of the
Prime Minister's Office, Mr Neville Krige, has been transferred to the
offices of the Minister of Constitutional Development, Mr Chris Heunis.
About 700 members of the Prime Minister's Office are believed to have moved
over to Mr Heunis's new department, [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in
English 9 Sep 82 pp 1, 2]

ICE-HOCKEY INTERNATIONAL~-An international ice-hockey challenge series
between local and overseas players resident in South Africa has been
organised for the first time in an attempt to overcome the problem of limited
international contact, "Although the SA Ice-Hockey Association is one of

the few South African sporting bodies still affiliated internationally,

other countries are just not prepared to play us," Mr Otto Hertz, president
of the SATHA said at a press conference yesterday. Despite the lack of
international contact the standard in South Africa had remained high.

Swiss, German, Austrian and Canadian players who have come to live in SA
had undoubtedly contributed to it, officials believe. Many of the foreign
players now living in South Africa had competed nationally and internationally
in their own countries, Three teams will be competing in the international
series from Sept 12 to Oct 17, They are the South African All Stars,

Swiss Bears and Canadian Maple Leafs. The fixtures,to be played on Sundays
at 17h30 at the Carlton Skyrink are: Sept 12: Swiss Bears v Maple Leafs;
Sept 19: Swiss Bears v All Stars; Sept 26: All Stars v Maple Leafs;

Oct 3: Swiss Bears v Maple Leafs; Oct 10: Swiss Bears v All Stars; Oct 17:
All Stars v Maple Leafs, [text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English

9 Sep 82 p15]

MUGABE 'ATTACK' ON S.AFRICA--Zimbabwe's prime minister, Mr Robert Mugabe, made
another crass attack on South Africa over the weekend. South Africa is ac-
cused of all kinds of action aimed at destabilizing that country. This is
becoming so overdone that it is hardly worth taking any notice of such out-
bursts, especially at these condemations of South Africa are becoming more
severe in direct proportion to Zimbabwe's increasing internal problems. But
we wish to ask Mr Mugabe to take note of the observations made by Dr Henry
Kissinger, former American secretary of state, before he departed from the
republic. Dr Kissinger said he cannot understand how South Africa can bene-
fit from the destabilization of Zimbabwe. Quite so. By his attitude Mr
Mugabe is merely building up tension between two neighboring states, causing
Zimbabwe to sink deeper into misery. He should try cooperation. [Text]
[MB161500 Johannesburg DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 14 Sep 82]

cso: 4700/1945

79



PERSONALITIES IN RECENT RESHUFFLE EXAMINED

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English Vol 23, No 17, 25 Aug 82 p 6

[text]

Angola's August 14 cabinet reshuffle is good news both for
the West and for Angola's economy. It brings more trained
minds to bear on the country’s economic plight, and bolsters the
standing of moderates who, while by no means anti-Soviet, value

good relations with the West.

Western observers were initially dismayed when the official
Angolan news agency announced that Lopo Do Nascimento,
considered a constructive influence by Western companies and
diplomats despite his initial pro-Soviet roots, had been stripped
of his cabinet positions. Later it emerged that Do Nascimento
had only been moved from his post as minister of foreign trade,
and that he had retained both his ministry of planning portfolio
and his central committee post. Rumours that Do Nascimento
would be relieved of one of his posts to give him more time for
overall co-ordination of economic policy had long been rife in
Luanda. “Now more than ever Do Nascimento is Angola's
economic supremo,” one Western diplomat commented, adding

that this was a positive development.

The background of Do Nascimento’s successor as minister of
trade, Ismael Gaspar Martins, is equally encouraging. Previously
minister of finance, Martins is described as a highly intelligent
technocrat by a Western embassy in Luanda. He spent 1961 to
1975 in exile and used the opportunity to educate himself. He
received a BA in the United States and a Masters in rural
sociology in West Germany, did PhD work at both Oxford and
the Sorbonne, and served with Unesco in Geneva. Martins
enjoyed an excellent reputation as minister
apparently not becoming too closely involved in ideological
politics. Martins is a Kimbundu. This should reassure those
ets who associate mixed race Angolan politicians with

obse
radical ideologies.

Western sources are also pleased by the rest of the cabinet
changes. Martins was replaced in finance by former deputy
minister of the budget, Augosto Teixeira de Matos, while the
deputy minister of internal trade, Adriano Pereira dos Santos.
was made full minister for that portfolio. Both are well regarded

by Western diplomats and businessmen.

ANGOLA



RELATIONS WITH ASIAN BANKS--The South. African minister of finance, Mr Owen
Horwood, says he thinks South Africa is on the verge of a breakthrough in
relations with some of the most powerful banks in the Far East. Speaking on
his return from a visit to Taipei and Hong Kong, Mr Horwood said such a
breakthough would mean that these banks could become another source of capital
when it was needed. A stronger banking relationship would also be of great
benefit to South African trade. Mr Horwood said that one major bank in the
Far East had already been part of a syndicate that has made a major loan to
South Africa. He also said the IMF had no major criticism of South African
financial affairs, and the general view was that South Africa had handled its
financial affairs well. Contrary to London reports, South Africa had made no
formal application for a loan from the IMF. [Text] [MB200956 Johannesburg
International Service in English 0630 GMT 20 Sep 82]

PEOPLE RESETTLED--The resettlement of more than 1 000 people from Kammas~
kraal in the Ciskei to the Peddie commonage started last week and was
expected to be completed yesterday, The rector of the St, Peter's Parish
in Peddie, the Reverend Alf Dlamini said yesterday that trucks of South
African Government registration were being used to move the people. There
had been no resistance to the moves. "People have no rights and they are
moved at the will of those in authority," he said, This is the second time
the families have been moved in two years, They originally came from two
areas. A community comprising 72 families had been living on two farms in
Alexandra in the Bathurst/Port Alfred area for more than 50 years. The
farms were bought by two brothers who regarded the families as surplus and
they were moved to Kammaskraal. The second group were moved from pineapple
farms in Wooldridge which were originally owned by whites and consolidated
into Ciskei. The families were put into three-roomed plank houses, The
new resettlement camp on the commonage will have two-roomed plank houses.
Mr Dlamini said there were no work opportunities at the new settlement.
The biggest problem was water. There was very little chance of attracting
industry to the area and the community have to a large extent to use tanked
water. Mr Dlamini said a further 4 000 people were earmarked to be moved
from the Glemore resettlement camp to the Peddie commonage. This would
far outstretch the already meagre medical facilities in the area, he said.
[text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 7 Sep 82 p 2]

AZAPO'S BC WEEK=-The Azanian People's Organisation (AZAPO)--has launched

a beehive of activities to mark the Black Consciousness week which started
yesterday and ends on September 12, Mr Ishmael Mkhabela, Azapo's publicity
secretary, said Azapo calls for black people to observe the week, as is
customary, with dignity, purpose and dedication, "We have to identify our
resources and utilize them toward our liberation," he said, The week is also
to mark the death in detention of the father of black consciousness, Mr
Steve Bantu Biko, Mr Biko died on September 12, 1977 while being held by
Security Police. Community workers, trade unionists, sporting personalities
as well as cultural groups and organisations will focus their attention on
community work, self-help, black theology, sport, entertainment, labour and
cultural activities. Services will be held at Lenasia in the Kathilda hall
on Friday, September 10 at 8 pm; Jiswa Centre, September 12 at 3 pm;
University of Natal, 1 pm; Kwa Thema, St Barnabas, 2 pm; Sharpeville, Roman

77



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

ZANU (PF) WHITE CANDIDATES--A Ziana story published in the Herald yesterday
gave the wrong impression that ZANU (PF) would definitely field white
candidates in the 1985 general elections, a spokesman for the Prime
Minister's Office said yesterday. "We wish to correct that impression.

The Prime Minister's position was that depending on circumstances at the
time of the next elections, he could foresee ZANU (PF) fielding white candi-
dates," the spokesman said. This had not been possible during the 1980
elections because the prevailing atmosphere then was not conducive to such
a step. He quoted the Prime Minister, Cde Mugabe as having said: "If it
is desirable and politic for us to field candidates for the white seats we
will certainly do so. In my opinion this should have been the situation
even in 1980." [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 2 Sep 82 p 3]

NATIONAL ANTHEM--The composition Mwari Komborera Afrika may become Zimbabwe's
national anthem, the Prime Minister Cde Robert Mugabe said in the House of
Assembly yesterday, Answering questions on the $15 980 000 vote for the
Prime Minister's Office, Cde Mugabe said a Cabinet committee had been dealing
with the issue since independence, asking for compositions to be submitted.
Some had been submitted, but none had been found suitable, he said, although
more were being worked on, The song could cease to serve as the country's
national anthem but then again, "It could also happen that some people do
not see why it cannot be considered alongside other compositions." To
laughter in the House, Cde Mugabe went on to suggest to Mr P.K, van der Byl
(RF, Chegutu/Kadoma), who posed the question about a national anthem, that
"If he has a creative mind, I will ask him to try his luck composing a tune
or words which could serve as new national anthem," In reply, Mr van der Byl
rose to say that he was not surprised the committee had not found any suit-
able alternative to Mwari Komborera Afrika and strongly recommended that

the committee accept the song as the country's anthem, A1l MPs would agree
that Mwari Komborera Afrika was a "splendid, majestic, noble and impressive"
tune, He also had personal reasons for being attached to the music, he said.
"It first saw the light of day as Nkosi Sikelele Afrika in South Africa
under the aegis of my father (Major Piet van der Byl), in his then capacity
as Minister of Native Affairs. "He was so inspired and impressed by the

tune and caused it to be orchestrated and written up and promoted, and it
spread amongst the people of South Africa, thence to Zambia and now here."
Suppressing a grin as the chamber resounded with laughter, Mr van der Byl
said that "in a way," he did have a certain amount to do with the song.--Ziana
[text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 2 Sep 82 p 1]

103



ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

TRANSPORT MINISTER, OTHERS IN COURT--Lusaka, 13 Sep (AFP)--A cabinet minister,
a permanent secretary and a district official appeared before a magistrate's
court today charged with abuse of authority. They were also charged with
stealing from the Kanyama disaster fund which was raised locally and inter-
nationally following a flood disaster in Kanyama Township outside the Zambia
capital in 1978. Transport, power and communications minister, Rajah Kunda,
was suspended from his post on September 2 in connection with the charges.
Last week he was reported as saying he would rather be fired outright than
have his fate hang in the balance with thesuspension. Other charged with him
are Reuben Chinambu, premanent secretary in the Ministry of National Guidance,
who has also been suspended, and district secretary Chinyama Lungu. [Text]
JAB131600 Paris AFP in English 1542 GMT 13 Sep 82]

cso: 4700/1947

88



NIGER

BRIEFS

1982-83 FISCAL BILL ADOPTED--The Council of Ministers met from 17 to 20 Sep-
tember 1982. The council examined the draft financial bill for the 1982-1983
fiscal year. The minister of information, Garba Sidikou, reads the communique
issued at the end of the meeting. [Begin recording] The Council of Ministers
met from 17 to 20 September 1982 under the chairmanship of Seyni Kountche,
chairman of the Supreme Military Council, head of state and chairman of the
Council of Ministers at the usual meeting place, to examine the draft financial
bill for 1982. It adopted the 1982-1983 budget balanced for expenditure and
revenues at 81,268,510,000 CFA frances which records a decrease of 12,585,309,000
CFA francs or 13.41 percent compared to the preceding year. This budget is

a reflection of the especially difficult economic situation dominated by
unfavorable perspectives, the budget revenue being linked with the exploita-
tion of uranium and the rise in debt servicing. The national investment fund
was granted 7 billion CFA francs and the supplementary budget for the oper-
ation of equipment for public works was 1,594,655,000 CFA francs. [End
recording] [Text] [AB211014 Niamey Domestic Service in French 1900 GMT

20 Sep 82]

cso: 4719/1401

56



‘since strained greatly and a
‘strongly-worded letter has
been sent by Mr Mudge to
Mr Hough. The DTA
Head Committee further-
more met last week and
decided that in all future
communication between
the Ministers Council and
the AG’s office, it would be
restricted to written letters
and that all meetings would
have to be minuted and
signed.
IMPLICATIONS

How and why did this all
break into the open and
what are the implications?

T have been aware of
these developments all
along.

I was asked to keep
quiet about them because
they were regarded as
delicate and sensitive. I ac-
ceded to the requests in
good faith because I
thought it was the respon-
sible thing to do.

Last Wednesday the

lead story of the DTA of-
ficial organ De
Republikien caught my
eye and I thought it was
the first deliberate ‘leak’ of
what was on the go and
more. But I miscalculated
in some of my assump-
tions.
_ T assumed that there was
joint trickery on the part of
the DTA and the SA
Government and I as-
sumed that The Advertiser
had been deliberately by-
passed.

And not without reason:
I am well aware that in cer-
tain DTA and official cir-
cles I have been accused of
wanting to ‘let Swapo in
the door’ and of being a
“boereverneuker’.

Die Republikein seemed
to lay on thick the idea of
an alternative dispensation
to UN Security Council
Resolution 435 and I im-
mediately jumped to the
conclusion that the SA
Government was insincere
in its intention about true
independence for SWA,
particularly after Prime

Minister sotha, Foreign
Minister Pik Botha and Mr
Hough had assured me at
varying stages that SA was
sincere.

Though aware that there
were strains between the
DTA and the AG’s office,
I was reluctant to rule out
the possibility of collabera-
tion between those parties
in making the leak: I as-
sumed that they agreed
that there should be no
UN-supervised election but
that they disagreed on the
form that the alternative
constitutional dispensation
should take. Besides, the
differences seemed a good
cover-up for the blatancy
of the leak.

It also seemed con-
ceivable that the SA
Government might have
changed its stance on
SWA following the NP’s
close-shave in the Ger-
miston by-election recently
while Mr Mudge told the
Windhoek Rotary Club a
fortnight ago too that it
would be a betrayal of the
inhabitants of SWA by the
SA Government if it al-
lowed a UN-supervised
election which is not free
and fair. Mr Mudge ex-
pressed great reservations
furthermore as to whether
the UN could indeed sud-
denly at the 1ith hour
become what he termed a
‘neutral referee’.

REHOBOTH
MEETING

There was one other
aspect that also worried
me: shortly after the
Pretoria summit DTA
Deputy President Dr Ben
Africa dealt in fair detail at
a meeting in Rehoboth
with the possibilities of
SWA having to opt for a
government of national un-
ity, a new constitution and
UDI. I couldn’t help feeling
at the time that there was a
direct link between what
Dr Africa said and what
had ensued in Pretoria. So
much so, that immediately
after the meeting I ap-

52

proached Dr Atrica and
asked him whether the sub-
stance of his speech had
been discussed with or in
Pretoria. His answer was
an emphatic ‘no’ and this is
on record in The Adver-
tiser.

Last but not least, I
couldn’t help feeling that I
had not in fact been told
the full story by my
sources and that I had
been deliberately misled.

This feeling was to gain
considerable momentum
hours later on Wednesday
when I was to find out that
the ‘summit did not take
place on Mr Hough’s farm
near Pietersburg, but was
held elsewhere. It was only
on Thursday afternoon
however that I learnt that it
took place in Pretoria.

Feeling thoroughly
deceived, I felt that it was
only right that I should
reveal all 1 knew (or had
been told) and that formed
the bases of The Adver-
tiser’s front page lead on
Wednesday afternoon.

I phoned Mr Hough to
request a rull explanation
of what this was all about
but was told by his office
that he was not available
as he had to see Dr Henry
Kissinger off. This was
later confirmed. Incidently,
Thad also asked Mr Danie
Fourie of his office a few
days earlier to arrange an
interview on these matters,
but this had not been fol-

lowed through. Mr Fourie
suggested that I make the
request in writing.

Mr Hough responded to
Die Republikein and The
‘Advertiser's initial reports
in fairly coached terms,
denying that he had plotted
an alternative form of
government for SWA.

I received calls shortly
after in which Mr Hough’s
statement was refuted and
in which it was alleged that
ithe Brigadiers had a strong
hand in the actions.

On Thursday morning
Mr Mudge rang me and in-



BRIEFS

FIFTY-CEDI NOTE REFUNDS--The refund of ¢50 note deposits to farmers,
fishermen and pensioners began on August 26, A PNDC statement asked all
people in those categories who were outside Accra and who had deposited
between ¢50-500 to report to any branch of the Agricultural Development
Bank, National Investment Bank, the Bank for Housing and Construction,
Premier Bank and Merchant Bank with copies of their pay-in slips or receipts
in order that their money could be refunded. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA
in English No 3396, 6 Sep 82 p 2318]

INTERAGRA FOOD SHIPMENTS--The Ghana National Procurement Agency (GNPA) is
taking delivery of 20,000 tonnes of wheat which recently arrived at the
Tema Harbour from the United States. The wheat, valued at $4,2m forms part
of a contract awarded to Interagra Company of Paris last May. About a month
ago Interagra landed its first consignment of goods, 1,000 tonnes of meat
from Ireland valued at $1.6m, at the Tem Harbour, It is also to bring
10,000 tonnes of white maize from the US. Other food items the GNPA is
expecting are 9,000 tonnes of rice from Thailand and Pakistan, pig feet
from Denmark and 10,000 tonnes of newsprint from the German Democratic
Republic. [text] [London WEST AFRICA in English No 3396, 6 Sep 82

p 2319

csO: 4700/1910

14



125

1co

5

FIGURE 3: EMPLOYMENT TRENDS

CONSTRUCTION
L
at 4 m t Lt
16 77 78 79 80 81

them are simply window-
dressing. For instance, the
increase in tax credit to 20
per cent over 3 years falls
short of what is necessary
to encourage investors as
the return on bank deposits
is still higher. The tax credit
at present amounts to 6.7
per cent annually. Our
budgetary situation does
not enable the government
to provide more generous
incentives.

The budget places special
emphasis on the setting up
of a Small Scale Industry
Bureau, of a Small Business
Financing Scheme. of an
Equity Fund, of training
programmes for unem-
ployed graduates. Thus, it
relies a lot on the initiative
of the individual. This
approach is motivated by

43

the fact that the government
is concerned with the acute
unemployment problem.
First, small scale enterprises
have a greater scope of
increasing employment in

the short and medium
terms than large enter-
prises.

Secondly, it requires less
capital for the creation of a
job in a small scale firm
than in a large scale plant.
Thirdly, the government
wants to tap all its idle
human resources. The philo-
sophy underlying the budget
is that what seems to be a
problem should be trans-
formed into an asset. It is
important to add that the
budget defines the relance
not in quantitative terms
but as being synonymous to
“the encouragement of

TOLMSALE & RETAIL TRADE



NAMIBIA

HOUGH TO SUBMIT PLAN ON RESTRUCTURING GOVERNMENT
AB170703 Paris AFP in English 0355 GMT 17 Sep 82

[Text] Windhoek, 17 Sep (AFP)--South African Prime Minister Pieter Botha has
asked the administrator-general of Namibia, Danie Hough, to submit a final
plan next Thursday for restructuring the interim government in the territory.

(The leader of Namibia's Ministerial Council, Dirk Mudge, warned Wednesday
night that he would oppose and even fight against the formation of any ethni-
cally-based interim government in the territory.

(Mr Hough has suggested a type of national unity government of five "repre-
sentative" ethnic leaders, and Mr Botha has called on Namibians to cooperate
to produce a "more effective" government.")

Mr Hough told a news conference here Thursday that the new plans has been
discussed with U.S. officials when he visited the United States at the week-
end. "There was no problem whatsoever," he said.

The United States is leading the five-nation Western "Contract Group" trying
to bring about a peaceful independence settlement in Namibia. Mr Hough said
Pretoria did not think the present interim government set-up promoted stabil-
ity and development. "There is considerable dissatisfaction among the various
authorities as well as ordinary citiziens," he said.

Several attempts had been made to establish a more effective interim govern-
ment structure, but the effort had failed because of clashing interests
between the central government and the representative authorities, Mr Hough
said.

The present initiative had arisen from talks with Mr Mudge, but until now no
plan had been submitted or accepted by any of the leaders, he said.

It was generally agreed by Namibian leaders that there was a need for the

interim government to be more representative, "but the majority (of leaders)
emphasized that it should not be ethnically based," he said.

47



WOMAN MAYOR--Another Natal municipality has elected a woman as mayor--but

not without an uproar, At the first statutory meeting of the Kingsburgh
town council on the Natal south coast on Tuesday, the retiring mayor,
Councillor K.L. Joffe, accepted nomination as myor. But at an informal
meeting Mrs J.R. du Plooy had been chosen as mayor-elect in place of Mr
Joffe, The nomination and election of Mrs Du Plooy was thought to be only

a matter of technical formality at Tuesday night's meeting, Instead, there
was an uproar when the nomination was called for and Councillor B. Ross rose
and nominated the retiring myor, Mr Joffe. Amid confusion, Mr Joffe called
a five-minute adjournment to consult the Town Clerk, After the adjournment
Mr Joffe announced that he had decided to accept nomination. The councillor
who had nominated Mrs Du Plooy appealed to Mr Ross to withdraw his nomination,
The request drew public applause, Mr Joffe then withdrew his acceptance

and Mrs Du Plooy was formally elected mayor, Two other Natal women have
been elected mayors, They are Miss Pamela Ried (Pietermaritzburg) and Mrs
Sybit Hotz (Durban). [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Sep 82
p 10

WORKERS RETRENCHED==Port Elizabeth--The recession that has hit the Eastern
Cape motor and associated industries has led to a tyre company retrenching
39 workers and going on short time, and another going on a four-day week,
For the past month the Firestone company has been working a four-day week
because of a slackening in the demand for heavy-duty tyres. At Goodyear,

39 workers have been laid off. The company has introduced a four-day week
in its truck and tractor tyre division and changed from a six to a five-day
week in its passenger vehicle tyre section, General Tyre has not laid off
any workers and does not expect a shortening of its five-day week this year.
Last month 507 workers were laid off at the Ford motor company and in April
Volkswagen retrenched 315 workers.--Sapa [Text] [Johannesburg THE CLTIZEN
in English 9 Sep 82 p 11]

DRAKENSBERG 'S POPULARITY--Durban--Most Afrikaans-speaking South Africans do
not appear to like the scenic Drakensberg range as a holiday area. This is
the conclusion of Dr J, Pickles of the Natal Town and Regional Planning
Committee who has just completed a three-year survey on the preferences and
behaviour of the public in the Drakensberg. Dr Pickles said most visitors

to the Drakensberg were young, fairly wealth, well-educated, English-speaking
city dwellers who lived either in the Transvaal or Natal. He says in the
survey that only 6,2 percent of visitors to the Berg are Afrikaans-speaking
and fewer than 5 percent come from rural areas, About 40 percent of visitors
have had a university education and another 30 percent have completed some
other form of secondary education, The survey also showed that the average
age of visitors was 35,7 years, Most were married and had few or no children.
Dr Pickles said most visitors were professional people, but about 35 percent
were classified as not being economically active, These were retired people
and possibly pensioners, He found that 64 percent of visitors regarded
mountain areas as their favourite landscape, while 34 percent preferred
beaenes and lagoons. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Sep 82

p 16

76



ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

TPLF MILITARY CLAIMS--The Tigre People Liberation Front [TPLF] reports that in
an encounter with Abyssinian Black colonialist soldiers at Adi Ogoto in
(Woltei) on the 13th of this month, they killed 200 enemy soldiers and wounded
many others. The report adds that the TPLF also captured 23 light guns, 4
heavy guns, 1 RPG-7 and a large quantity of other equipment. The Abyssinian
Black colonialist soldiers could not withstand the ferocity of the TPLF at-
tack, and they fled, leaving more arms and equipment. [Text] [EA192220
(Clandestine) Voice of Western Somalia 0930 GMT 19 Sep 82]

cso: 4503/48



far from SA’s influence, in-
deed to the extent of being
vehemently anti-SA.
Government and aligning
himself with Swapo.

_ This positive relationship

since April gained further
momentum and has con-
tributed to Mr Kalangula
participaing in talks with
Mr Hough over the con-
stitutional dispensation of
the country. The extent
however to which the
Defence Force has taken
the initiative in getting
these talks going is not
clear, but all indications
are that Brig. Theo May
played a role in the plann-
ing of the strategy.

Turning to government
officials involving
themselves in politics, Mr
Mudge was most disturbed
about SWA Information
Department official, Mr
Beytel Strydom, working
actively for Mr Kalangula
and wanted him removed.
Mr Kalangula asked Prime
Minister Botha to intervene
and eventually Mr
Strydom was allowed to
stay. Mr Mudge naturally
feld embittered.

The real weight however
to the SA Government’s
increased involvement in
the local political process
followed Mr Barnes’ break
for the DTA.

Mr Kalangula made ap-
proaches towards Damara
leader Mr Justus Garoeb in
April to get Mr Garoeb’s
Damara-Raad (party) to
unite with the CDA.
Negotiations are still con-
tinuing but the forging of
unity has not been easy.

Mr Barnes however
struck up an excellent
relationship with Mr
Garoeb following _ the
Labour Party’s break from
the DTA and set to knit a
new alliance including the
Labour Party, the
Damara-Raad, the CDA
and Mr Hans Diergaardt’s
governing Baster party in
Rehoboth.

The prospects seemed
exiting even to the SA
Government and this led to
several meetings between
Mr Hough and Mr Barnes.

A prominent _ planner
and force behind the scenes
here is said to have been
head of the Security Police
in SWA, Brig. Johannes
van der Merwe.

The great strength in this
new alliance seemed to lie
in that Mr Kalangula
Tepresented 55 percent of
the population while the
other leaders collectively
srepresented another 20 to
30 percent. The DTA and
‘Swapo would naturally dis-
pute such claims, but that
is irrelevant to the view
considered by the parties
themselves, the AG and
the Brigadiers.

DISCRIMINATION

Simultaneous to the
aforementioned events Mr
Mudge in his capacity as
Chairman of the Ministers
Council introduced the
National Budget and Mes-
srs Barnes and Garoeb felt
that their authorities were
greatly discriminated
against and this formed an
underlying theme in discus-
sions with the AG.

A natural offshoot was
the feeling that the form of
government in SWA
should be greatly
improved.

Mr Barnes had in any
event made it clear that he
opposed AG 8 while Mr
Garoeb had never ever
really been happy about
the run of events in recent
years, except that his party
won the 1980 second-tier
election. Besides, Messrs
Barnes and Garoeb had
the moral support of Mes-
srs Kalangula and
Diergaardt.

Mr Hough and his ad-
visors then decided that a
summit was necessary and
this was left for Brigadiers
May and Van der Merwe
to set up, which is what
they apparently did. The

51

meeting took place in
Pretoria about six weeks
ago and was held at the
Department of Foreign Af-
fairs Guest-House on
Waterkloof Ridge. It was
attended by the Prime
Minister, Mr Hough, Mr
Mudge, the Chairman of
the second-tier authorities
and naturally the
Brigadiers.

The controversial aspect
however was not that the
summit was held per se,
but rather what was raised
at the summit. This in es-
sence was that the
Ministers Council should
be of reconstituted, involv-
ing the dropping from the
Ministers Council of ‘non-
representative’ leaders such
as Dr Ben Africa and Mes-
srs Engelhard Christy,
Joey Julius and Tara Im-
bili, and replacing them
with the respective second-
tier elected leaders such as
Mr Barnes, Mr Garoeb,
Mr Kalangula and Mr
Diergaardt. It was also
proposed that Mr Mudge’s
position as Chairman be
strongly watered down.

Mr Mudge not unex-
pectedly resisted the
proposals to the extreme
and this even precipitated a
major confrontation
between Mr Botha and Mr
Mudge. The Prime
Minister apparently alleged
that Mr Mudge was one of
the greatest obstacles to
unity in SWA.

The question of course
arises as to whether these
proposals arose of their
own accord at the summit
or whether they were
deliberately put on to the
agenda. The indications
are that they were positive-
ly motivated although it
has not been made clear to
me whom the sponsor was.
DTA sources have since
put the blame squarely on
the shoulders of Brigadiers
May and Van der Merwe.

Relations between Mr
Hough and the DTA have



Sweden To Tighten Up on SA Investments

(THE CITIZEN, 9 Sep 82)........eeceeeeeeeees sete eeeeeee seeee 68

PFP Control of Durban Council Increased
(THE CITIZEN, 9 Sep 82)........005 sence eeeeeees

Sabra Chief Wars: 72 Percent of Urban People Will Be Black

(Jaap Theron; THE CITIZEN, 9 Sep 82)...........

Unions Slam Aid Plan for Non-Strikers
(SOWETAN, 6 Sep 82).......cececececececececeees

Gold Mining Industry To Monitor Working Costs
(Patrick McLoughlin; THE CITIZEN, 9 Sep 82)....

Briefs
Black Students Housing Plan
HNP ‘Fight!
Woman Mayor
Workers Retrenched
Drakensberg's Popularity
Relations With Asian Banks
People Resettled
AZAPO's BC Week
Soweto Deficit
Unions Slam Sats
Afrikaans Church Alters Tone
Du Plessis Appointment
Ice-Hockey International
Mugabe 'Attack' on S. Africa

TAN ZANTA

Village Defence Groups Praised
(Mkumbwa Ally; DAILY NEWS, 23 Aug 82)..........

Sino-Tanzania Workers for Closer Links
(DAILY NEWS, 20 Aug 82).......... bee eee eeee oe

Crude Oil Delivered
(DAILY NEWS, 25 Aug 82).........ee0ee see e ewes

STAMICO Signs Gold Mining Pact
(Mike Sikawa; DAILY NEWS, 19 Aug 82)...........

Briefs
Express Train

69

70

72

80

81

82



SWEDEN TO TIGHTEN UP ON SA INVESTMENTS

Johamnesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Sep 82 p 11

[text]

cso:

HARARE. — It would
soon become difficult for
Swedish firms to increase
their investments in South
Africa, a leading member
of the Africa Group of
Sweden said in an inter-
view published in Harare
yesterday.

Mr Soren Lindh, an ex-
ecutive member of a
branch of the organisa-
tion, said that since -1979
it had been illegal for
Swedish companies to in-
crease investments in
South Africa without get-
ting an exemption from
the Government.

Some exemptions had
been granted, but. the
Foreign Relations Com-
mittee of the Swedish
Parliament was now
studying two applications
totalling about 2,4-million
Zimdollars (R1,5-million)
and it was likely to recom-
mend that these should
notbe granted.

The Government
would almost certainly
follow this advice.

A great deal of press-
ure was being applied by
many Swedes through the

4700/1914

Isolate South Africa
Committee, a body with
about 40 member organi-
sations.

In the short term, the
committee wanted trade
and investment — with

South Africa totally fro-
zen, and, in time, all
Swedish investment with-
drawn from that country
and trade ended.

A campaign was being
launched to encourage
Swedes to boycott South
African goods, especially
fruit — the largest im-

port.

Mr Lindh said there
were six Swedish firms
with factories in South
Africa and up to 20 more
with sales companies or
agencies in South Africa
and South West Africa.

Most of these were in-
volved in machinery,
Sweden’s biggest export
to South Africa.

Swedish groups against
Swedish participation in
the South African econ-
omy said these firms
could be. forced to hire
private armies to protect

68

SOUTH AFRICA

their plants.
They could pay White
workers make-up when

drafted; they paid taxes,
almost a quarter of which
went to defence spending;
they could recruit Swedes
to replace South Africans
on call-up; they could im-
port strategic goods for
the military; and they
could transfer technology

ported more than R19,8-
million worth of goods
from South Africa and
sold almost R52-million
worth.

Some Swedish compan-
ies had said that if they
did not trade with South
Africa, other countries
would 1a OT so

They had sug-
gested that if Swedish
companies pulled out of
South Africa they would
be more favoured if the
present system of govern-
ment in South Africa fell.
The companies were not
yet convinced, said Mr
‘Lindh. —Sapa.



On a question of the OAU's chairmanship, President Kaunda said that the Kenyan
president, Daniel Arap Moi, was still the OAU chairman until the next summit
was held.

Asked to comment on his present mission to some African states, Dr Kaunda
said he and other leaders have discussed issues of very serious nature which
should be confined to the members of heads of state [as heard].

On bilateral and international issues, the Zambian leader praised the CIC, Dr
Doe, for creating good conditions for the exchange of views on bilateral mat-
ters as well as matters affecting the OAU. On the efforts the frontline
states were making to ensure independence for Namibia, Dr Kaunda explained
that recently members of the frontlines states concluded a meeting to discuss
the issue and had submitted a report to the proper authorities.

cso: 4700/1947

23



DETAILS ON NATIONAL SERVICE NOTICES GIVEN

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Sep 82 p 10

[text]

ISEVENTY-FIVE _ thou-
sand men will receive noti-
fication of allotment for
National Service next
week and disappointment
may be in store for those
who failed to complete
national service question-
aires sent out earlier this
year.

The prediction made
yesterday by Brigadier
Joe Keyter, registering of-
ficer for the Defence
Force, at a Press confer-
ence in Pretoria.

Brig Keyter. said men
who neglected to return
their questionaires to the
SADF would suffer severe
disappointment when they
realised that they had
been’ allotted a unit in
which they never wished
toserve.

But for those who duti-
fully completed the im-
portant  questionaires,

stating their preferences ;

and personal characteris-
tics, ‘a nice - surprise”
might be found in the of-
ficial white enveldpe.

cso: 4700/1914

The SADF was often
criticised for ‘mispl
ing” servicemen; but
according ta Brig Keyter,
the unlucky and unhappy
ones were often those who
did not bother to fill in
their questionaire.

Properly completed
questionaires made allot-
ment much easier because
men due for service were
given ample opportunity
to let the SADF know of
progress being made with
studies, graduation, per-
sonal detail preferences
and abiliti

Brig Keyter pointed
out, however, that allot-
ment inevitably had to ful-

fill the needs of the De-
fence Force which took up
80 percent of all service-
men.

At least half of the men
called to the Defence
Force were inevitably al-
lotted to the Infantry
Corps.

Still, the SADF was giv-
ing future servicemen the
opportunity to choose by
providing all details that

66

could help the Force to al-
lot them to a unit where

could beused tothe full.

However, only 75 per-
cent of the nearly 90 000
questionaires sent out
each year were returned.
It'left the SADF, incap-
able of “making every-
body happy” by meeting
their needs.

Brig Keyter said: “We
want to place men where
they are best fitted and
where their abilities and
talents can be used best.”

Once completed ques-
tionaires were recelved,
graduates were allotted
first. Surplus graduates
were given the opportu-
nity to compete with ma-
triculants for leader group
training.

Brig Keyter pointed out
that there was a difference

between call-up instruc-
tions and notification of
allotment. “‘A notification
of allotment is just an in-
dication, well in advance,

SOUTH AFRICA

of how the servicemen will
re called-up subsequent-
ry.”

Men who did not speci-
fically ask to be allotted to
the Navy or the Air Force,
would never be allotted to
them. Only 10 percent of
all servicemen could be al-
lotted to the Air Force and
only two percent to the
Navy.

The most common com-
plaint of servicemen and
their families was that
they were sent to places
“‘too far from home.”’

Brig Keyter explained
that, for example, in Cape
Town there was only Air
Force and Navy training
centres. Cape Town men
were then inevitably sent
to infantry and other
bases elsewhere in the
country.

The SADF, however,
tried to allot married men
as near to their homes and
families as possible. ‘But
the needs of the Defence
Force dictates all allot-
ments.”


FEASIBILITY OF TRADITIONAL FARMING STUDIED

SIERRA LEONE

London WEST AFRICA in English 6 Sep 82 pp 2278-79

[Article by Olu Williams]

[text]

JOE KAILONDO, the eldest son of Pa
Brima, an Offspring of legendary ancestry,
of Luawa Chiefdom, Kailahun District, in
the tiny West African state of Sierra
Leone, was the first crop of the Kailondo
family to benefit from modern agricultural
education.

At the age of three, after enjoying the
warm and loving ebony back of his mama,
he ‘started trailing her to the farm house,
most times running instead of walking. His
major preoccupation at this tender age
was to keep the fire going under the
thatch-roofed “Bafa”, which becomes very
taxing during the harmattan. Also chasing
the pestering backyard village chicken,
which always seem to be searching for
some precious treasure beneath mother
earth, was one of Joe’s side shows.

At five, Joe started to taste what
farm work is all about. He grew to master
the art of the “sling”, a traditional bird
scaring instrument that is known to save
more than 30 per cent of total rice harvest
from the hungry beaks of African birds.

At ten, Joe won the approval of his
parents to go to school. After the breaking
of kolanuts and the pouring of libation to
the Kailondo ancestors, Joe was accompa-
nied by his proud father to the new
missionary school, down the road, on a
bright Monday morning — face and feet,
which have received liberal doses of nutoil,
shining. After school and during the holi-
days, Joe would always come back to the
farm house to help. But this is no longer
so.

59

At’ 16, Joe started nursing an inter-
nal torment about the whole farm environ-
ment. Why does Papa slash and burn?
Why does Papa use the hoe? Why does
Papa plant so many crops in one field?
Why does Papa leave so many stumps in
the upland farms? And many more. The
internal torment intensified against the
background of modern agricultural prac-
tices taught at school.

A fresh agricultural graduate of a North
American academic pedigree taught Joe
that in order to increase farmers’ returns to
their land and labour, modern agricultural
practices should be adopted. This involves
clearing of the forest, deep ploughing,
fertilisation, chemical spraying etc. Aged
16, joe was not confident enough to
question his father’s rationale. However, at
28, after Joe had gone or pushed
through one of those prestigious agricultu-
ral schools in the developed world, Pa
Brima was enticed by his son’s seeming
academic prowess. Joe visited the nearby
rural bank, secured a loan for a tractor and
equipment, fertilisers and other modern
farm inputs.

By February when the African harmat-
tan usually cools off and the sunshine is
picking-up to its highest level in March,
Joe set to work. He commandeered his
family’s 100 hectares of upland, felled and
stumped, ploughed, harrowed and seed
harrowed. He applied the optimum doses
of fertilisers and was ready with his team of
knapsack-carrying men to bomb any pest
that ventured. The result was disastrous!



KENYA

COUNTRY SEEKING 'EMERGENCY AID' FROM WEST
EA171428 Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 17 Sep 82 p 1
[Report by Peter Kareithi: "Kenya in Appeal for Emergency Aid"]

[Text] Kenya is seeking an additional Sh. 2 billion in emergency aid from
Western donors following the abortive August 1 coup attempt, reliable sources
have disclosed.

The additional aid is expected to cover the cost of putting down the abortive
rebellion by members of the now defunct Kenya Air Force as well as repairing
the damage to the economy caused during the disturbances, the sources said.

Kenya's requests for the aid were contained in letters sent to a number of
friendly Western countries, including the United States and Britain. Presi-
dent Ronald Reagan and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher are reported to have
received personal notes from President Moi on the matter.

Other countries approached included West Germany and several Scandinavian
countries which had received letters at their embassies in Nairob from the
Kenyan treasury.

Diplomatic sources in Nairob confirmed that there had been correspondencevon
the subject but gave no indication how the individual donors were reacting to
the new aid requests.

They said there had been a number of informal mettings among the donors con-
cerned, but gave no details.

The response to the Kenyan request is fairly positive, but the donors are
cautious and are asking some tough questions, the sources said.

Mr Thatcher's Conservative government, which is reported to have given sympathe-
tic consideration to the Kenyan request, has arranged a series of meetings
between the British Foreign Office and the Ministry of Overseas Development

for Kenya's minister for finance, Mr Arthur Magugu currently in London to
discuss the additional aid request.

cso: 4700/1944

16



[Begin recording] [Question by unidentified journalist] Your mission and
that of some of your peers has mainly consisted of persuading those who were
absent from the Tripoli summit to attend the Tripoli summit before the end
of this year. Howevers it happens that certain heads of state, especially,
President Daniel Arap Moi and Sekou Toure, are suggesting the holding of a
preliminary summit prior to the Tripoli summit. What is Mali's stand on
this?

[Answer] The mission was not to persuade; it was to get into contact with
and inform, and to find a solution to the crisis. Mali's viewpoint is that
a divided, broken Africa will be of no benefit to either those who went to
Tripoli or those who were absent from Tripoli. We must all come together as
brothers. We do not choose our brothers, we choose our friends. One does
not choose one's brother. We have to meet as brothers, have dialogue and
then we can find solutions to our political divergences. This is all that
the mission is about.

[Question] A last question, please. Certain rumors had it that Mali might
present a candidate to succeed Edem Kodjo. Can you confirm or deny this

rumor?

[Answer] Well, let us not pay attention to the rumors and we shall see.
[End recording]

csO: 4719/1402

33



cso:

vited me to his home to dis-
cuss the developments. The
discussion was  wide-
ranging, in-depth and off
the record, except to say
that Mr Mudge refuted
that he had attended a
meeting on Mr Hough’s
farm. The content of that
denial was included in a
report in The Advertiser on
Thursday afternoon.

On Sunday I met
someone close to Mr
Hough who told me that
the AG was extremely up-
set about the run of events
and that he felt that much
of it had been precipitated
through mischief. I was not
aware at that stage of the
full contents of the state-
ment put out by Mr Hough
late on Friday in which he
apparently pointed a finger
at The Advertiser.

At the time of writing,
still having not seen the
statement, my response is
that The Advertiser stands
by what it has written and
it must surely be clear to
the AG that we could not
possibly have made up the
content which in any event
other newspaper _cor-
respondents have since
confirmed as true through
their own investigations.

True, we have made the
odd mistake on detail here
and there, but we maintain
that the substance on what
we have reported is about
as close to the truth as a
newspaper could possibly
get under the circum-
stances.

Finally, I was quite
startled during the
weekend to read in the
Sunday newspaper Rap-

4700/1906

port that Mr Hough has in
fact drafted a document of
some kind on the constitu-
tion and that it does con-
tain new proposals. Mr
Hough declined to give
Rapport details, except to
say that a lot of work had
gone into it in both
Windhoek and_ Pretoria
and that the DTA had
been kept fully informed of
developments.

I never suspected that
the AG had indeed gone
this far and noe did I get
that impression from his
statement last Wednesday.

Whatever, I don’t for a
minute believe that the
aforementioned has landed
SWA or Mr Hough at the
end of the world. On the
contrary, a lot of good
could emerge out of it. The
problem unfortunately has
revolved more around the
way the situation has been
handled than that which
has actually been the ob-
jective. Both the DTA and
the second-tier authorities
wanted changes in AG 8
and now thats precisely
what they are likely to get.

The difficulties however
seem to have been these;
@ The AG jumped the
gun. He and his advisors
should not have embarked
on constitutional discus-
sions with leaders in the
country until at least the
Western initiative was laid

sto rest which seems in-

evitable in the next few
months;

@ The AG should have
been open about the plans
rather than act in the ut-
most secrecy. It is surely
an indictment of the people
in this country for the SA
Government not to take

53

them into its confidence.
Besides, the Territory's in-
habitants have had more
than a fair share of
political uncertainty and
confusion and these latest
developments have just ad-
ded to the difficulties;

@ And one can’t but help
feeling that it is immoral
for ethnicity to be used
against the DTA now that

the DTA itself is prepared
to give way on ethnicity,
whatever the DTA’s other
shortcomings might be.

These difficulties can be

overcome and must be
overcome. It is most un-
desirable that the internal
parties. become alientated
from the AG while in any
event there is probably
more common ground
between all parties than
there are differences.

Moreover, I don’t
believe that the AG and the
internal leaders should
decapitate each other while
by rights they should stand
together. The only loser is
Namibia itself.

Put into the most con-
crete terms possible, both
SWA and SA will suffer if
Prime Minister Botha’s
position is weakened
relative to his right flank,
SWA will suffer con-
siderably with the removal
of Dirk Mudge from the
scene while the positions of
the ethnic leaders must and
will have to be given
greater recognition if broad
national unity is to be
a reality.

And where absolutely ir-
reconciliable difficulties do
arise, lets rather settle
those at the polls than by
imposition.

That after all is what
democracy is all about!



KENYA

CHURCH DOES NOT EXIST TO BOLSTER REGIMES, AFFIRMS BISHOP

Nairobi THE NAIROBI TIMES in English 26 Aug 82 p 16

[text]

cso:

THE chairman of the Kenya
Episcopal Conference,
Bishop Ndingi Mwana wa
Nzeki has said that the
church in structure or
membership does not exist
to bolster up any regime,
tolerate any regime, or
oppose any regime.

Bishop Ndingi was giving
a sermon at a conceleb-
rated mass to mark the 8th
Amecea Plenary Assembly
which is being attended
by bishops from the seven
Amecea countries.

He warned: “We (the
church) belong to the
apostolate of truth and
courage, of pity and healing,
of unselfishness and love.
We belong to all regimes to
the extent that they promote
and support such values.’

Bishop Ndingi made it
clear that the church is
critical of all regimes that
do not support and promote
truth and courage.

“‘Any association with any
civil regime however seem-
ingly advantageous or full of
plausible intent, -any such
assoeiation that would dim
the challenge of gospel pity
and justice is already a be-

4700/1908

trayal of our pastoral man-
date from Christ to teach
all nations whatever I have
commanded you,” Bishop
Ndingi warned

On the relationship be-
tween the government and
the church, Bishop Ndingi
said: ‘‘Our kindest service
to our civil rulers is to make
it clear that our dimension
is not temporal but eternal,
that while we support pro-
jects aimed at improving
man's human lot, we look
primarily toa horizon beyond
the visible, the tangible and
the temporary

On ‘“‘Liberation Theol-
ogy’, Bishop Ndingi said
that although it tes us that
man in all,his earth-bound
dimensions must be free
from exploitation, poverty,
ignorance, disease and
accorded scope for his
personal development, a just
wage, these are urgent
ills and noble goals but they
are not the church’s primary
concern.
* The church and her mem.
bers have been to the fore-
front in alleviating these
ills and promoting these

19

goals. ‘But the church sees
these misfortunes for what
they are — the consequences.
of original and personal sin.
Their impact may be lessen
ed but they cannot be
eradicated."

“Contrary to the trend
of liberation theology, we
must remember that we are
pilgrims and transit passeng-
ers not permanent residents
on this shrunken planet. We
are bound to do our best to
alleviate and improve man's
human’ lot despite the on
going legacy of human
avarice, corruption, pride,
selfishness in ail its forms.
Above all we must give
man hope. That is what the
gospel does, what our
preaching must do. We must
be the apostles of hope,”
Bishop Ndingi advised.

The mass was attended by
hundreds of Christians,
bishops. priests aud sisters
including the new papal
charge d'affaires, msgr.
Clemente Feccini, Amecea
chairman, Bishop Eduardo
Mazombwe of Zambia, and
cardinals Maurice Otunga
and Emmanuel Nsubuga of
Uganda. The one week meet-
ing ends on Saturday.



UGANDA

CRITICISM OF GOVERNMENT CLAIMED FABRICATED
Paris AFRICA AFP in English No 2929, 3 Sep 82 p 21

[text] Kampala, September 3--Uganda has accused the London-based Amnesty
International Organisation and dissident groups of fabricating hostile
stories to discredit the Government of President Milton Obote,

A Uganda radio announcement last night said publication of unfounded stories
against the Government had become the practice over the past 20 months
whenever there was an important international conference, The radio, quot-
ing a note sent by the Government yesterday to all diplomatic and consular
missions in Kampala, said this publicity was being mounted by Ugandan
dissident groups, international organisations like Amnesty International
and the mass media abroad, "The Government interpreted such publicity as
a well-orchestrated campaign to destroy the image and undermine the efforts
of Government," the radio said, quoting from the note.

It added that the Uganda Government was not given any opportunity to see the
Amnesty report or make comments on it before it was released to the press
earlier this week.

The Amnesty report released on Wednesday accused the Ugandan Government of
severe human rights violations, Uganda radio said.

It added that the report by the international human rights organisation
followed another "unfounded" story in the media on the eve of the Common-
wealth finance ministers' conference in London.

This earlier report, quoting officials of the United Nations High Commissioner
for Refugees in Sudan said last week that there was continuing fighting in
West Nile Province in Uganda and that Government troops had crossed the
border into Sudan to attack a refugee camp housing fleeing Ugandans.

The reports were malicious and unfounded fabrications, the radio said,
adding that none of them had been cross-checked with the Government. (A.F.P.)

cso: 4700/1904

86



overhead capital that will
increase the absorptive capa-
city of the economy so as
not to compromise our
economic development.

Distributions
inrevenue
and expenditure

The distributions of recur-
rent revenue and expen-
diture are given in the three
pie diagrams. Indirect taxes
constitute 64.03 per cent,
direct taxes 17.55 per cent
and non-tax receipts 18.42
per cent of total revenue.
Import and stamp duties
are the principal sources of
revenue to the government.
As far as expenditure is
concerned it is noteworthy
that debt servicing charges

“are higher than the total
personal emoluments in
the government, the former
representing 34.1 per cent
and the latter 31.6 per cent
of recurrent expenditure.

Four items, namely
personal emoluments, debt
servicing charges, pensions
and social security payments
and food subsidy constitute
81.9 per cent of our
expenditure. Rs 744 million
or 20.0 per cent of expendi-
ture is devoted to grants
and subsidies in contrast
with last year’s estimate of
Rs 516 million or 18.9 per
cent of the budget. Social
benefits together with grants

[18 Aug 82 p 6]

[Text]

and subsidies account for
30.8 per cent of expenditure;
the Ministry of Education
alone absorbs 13.4 per cent
of expenditure.

The increase in expendi-
ture is mainly due to the
colossal debt servicing
burden inherited by the
government and which is
beyond its control. 34 per
cent of the recurrent
expenditure is swallowed
by debt servicing charges.

They also account for 44.4
per cent of the recurrent
revenue, This burden has
increased phenomenally
within a few years as a
glance at Figure 1 and
Table 2 indicates. In 1977/78
debt servicing charges cons-
tituted only 10.6 per cent of
recurrent expenditure and
12.1 per cent of revenue.
The increase has been of
the order of 726.8 per cent
between 1977/78 and 1982/
83. During the same period,
the share of external debt
servicing in total debt
servicing has increased from
25 per cent to 67 per cent.
In 1982/83, out of a total
debt-servicing of Rs 1 265
million, interest will amount
to Rs 717 million or 56.7
per cent and-capital repay-
ments will amount to Rs 465
million or 36.8 per cent. If
we exclude debt servicing
from recurrent expenditure,
other recurrent expenditure
will increase by only 6.1
per cent in 1982/83. This

represents 45.5 per cent of
the inflation rate and is
slightly lower than the
average compensation rate
of 6.5 per cent.

Concluding remarks

The budget does not
break off with the past
trends in revenue and
expenditure. But this does
not imply a continuation of
our past economic policies
for two main reasons. For
one thing, we could not
expect a more balanced
budget in a short lapse of
time. It cannot be denied
that there is a genuine
attempt to utilize expendi-
ture effectively and to
control its growth. Theré is
an indication that the deficit
has been kept within certain
limits and in future this
deficit will be reduced
further. For another, the
budget is not a mere
income and expenditure
statement. It provides, above
all, guidelines of the general
economic policies to be
pursued by the government.
Given the financial cons-
traints, its role in stimulating
the economy is seriously
circumscribed. It can, there-
fore, be asked to what
extent can it be successful
in setting into motion the
forces so essential for the
revival of the economy. I
intend to treat this aspect
of the budget in another
article.

AFTER portraying a gloomy picture of the pre-
vailing economic situation in “The State of the
Mauritius Economy”, the Finance Minister was
expected to present an austere budget. But he could
not stop there. In the light of the economic

40


SINO-TANZANIA WORKERS FOR CLOSER LINKS

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 20 Aug 82 p 3

[Text]

cso:

THE Union of Tanzania Workers
(JUWATA) and the All-China
Federation of Trade Unions have
agreed in principle to strengthen
their relationship and continue to
exchange visits.

JUWATA's Secretary General,
Ndugu Joseph Rwegasira who
retuned from a two-week-long
tour of China, said in Dar es
Salaam yesterday that the two
sides had also agreed that
JUWATA’s projects needing ex-
ternal financing, would be studied
and China would render the
necessary assistance.

He said that the Chinese had
made big strides in workers par-
ticipation and the giving out in-
centive schemes something which
was very relevant to the Tan-
zanian situation

‘The Secretary General observed
that Chinese workers had a high
degree of political consciousness
and revolutionary zeal which
made them take their jobs very
seriously.

4700/1907

81

Ndugu Rwegasira said he held
talks with the State Councillor,
Ndugu di Peng and Ndugu Wang
Jiachong, a member of the All-
China Federation of Trade
Unions.

‘They exchanged views on the in-
ternational economic order and
the North-South dialogue, and
agreed that developing countries
were not benefiting much out of
the global economic system which

“was in favour of the industrialised

countries he said.

Ndugu Rwegasira said he
briefed them on the current
situation in Southern Africa and
particularly Namibia, and both
condemned the racist regime

On the Middle East
situation, both parties
noted that Israel's invasion
of Lebanon was of particular con-
cern to all peace-loving people

Ndugu Rwegasira was ac-
companied by the organisation's
council member, Ndugu Mahmood
Mwindadi and ‘the Secretary for
External Affairs, Ndugu Moses
Kachima

TANZANIA


SENEGAL

BRIEFS

DOE MESSAGE TO DIOUF--Dakar, 20 Sep (AFP)--President of the Republic of Sene-
gal Abdou Diouf over the weekend received in audience Boimah Fahnbulleh,
Liberian minister of foreign affairs, who delivered a message from Liberian
head of state M Sgt Samuel K. Doe. The contents of the message were not dis-
closed. However, it is believed'in Dakar that the message concerns the move
being made presently to find a solution to the OAU crisis. The Liberian min-
ister of foreign affairs reaffirmed to the Senegalese daily LE SOLEIL that
his country is ready to participate in an eventual OAU summit “on the condi-
tion that the SDAR problem is resolved." Mr Fahnbulleh said that this crisis
demands a return to the decisions made by the Nairobi summit (the mission of
the implementation committee, organization of a cease-fire and a referendum) .
The Liberian minister of foreign affairs will after Gambia and Senegal, later
visit Niger and Upper Volta to deliver messages from President Doe. [Text]
[AB201315 Paris AFP in French 1136 GMT 20 Sep 82]

cso: 4719/1401

58



CRUDE OIL DELIVERED

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 25 Aug 82 p 1

[Text]

SEVENTY seven thousand
tonnes of crude oil worth
200m/- arrived in Dar es
Salaam early last week from
Abu Dhabi, the Principal
Secretary in the Ministry of
Water and Energy, Ndugu

Athumani Janguo, said in the
city yesterday.

He told the Daily News that
a tanker carrying the oil star-
ted discharging it from
August 13.

Ndugu Janguo said 85,752 ton-
nes of Tanzania-bound crude oil
would be loaded at Quartar next
week and could be delivered to the
country early next month.

He said another 26,000 tonnes
of refined oil from one of the south
east Asian countries was expected
to arrive in Dar es Salaam during
the first or second week of next
month. He said oil is being im-

csO: 4700/1907

82

ported by Total company

‘Yhe Principal Secretary ex-
plained that oil companies in the
country like Esso, Total and BP
Shell were asked to import refined
oil on rotational basis, which he
said was a long time arrangement
agreed between the government
and the companies. The last time
had fallen on Esso.

Ndugu Janguo explained fur-
ther that the importation of
refined oil was aimed at assisting
the Kigamboni oil refinery whose
refining capacity was far below
the country’ demand.

He said in a bid to supplement
oil products refined by the Kigam -
boni refinery, it has always been
the country’s policy to import
refined oil alongside crude oil

Ndugu Janguo however pointed
out that the arrival of the crude
oil and the awaited consignment
did not mean the end of fuel
problems in the country.

* He said the government will
continue to exercise austerity
measures in fuel consumptions.

TANZANIA



seats were retained by offi-
cials of the colonial Go-
vernment. As leader of the
majority in the Legislature
Dr. Banda was appointed
Leader of Government Bu-
siness. This was not the end
of the road. Great tasks lay
ahead and, as Dr. Banda
correctly put it, the election
was only the beginning of
the country’s struggle for
freedom and independen-
ce: ‘My work has just
began. The election gives
me the opportunity which T
have always wanted.’ That
is, to work for his people
and the country.

In September 1963, Dr.
Banda again went to Britain
to discuss further constitu-
tional advancement with
the British Government,
and simultancously negoti-
ated for Nyasaland to sece-
de from the Federation,
which eventually ‘died’ on
31 December 1963.

Malawi became de facto a
one-party state when the
MCP won ail seats in the
new elections held three
months before indepen-
dence was declared on 6
July 1964. The years since
then have seen the transfor-
mation of the MCP into a
movement that is directed
towards promoting eco-
nomic development and so-
cial progress. The MCP
quickly grew into a national
organisation with strong
tural grass-roots through a
large network of local bran-
ches, and such a structure
was ideally suited to the
tasks‘of mobilising the rural
masses to tackle the prob-
lems of development.

In its 1964 election cam-
paign the MCP made a
number of promises that
have been kept and honou-
red, mainly by mobilising
the people for intensive
agricultural production,
both for subsistence and for
export. The fact that the
MCP has achieved a great

dcal stems from two impor-
tant factors. The first is the
able and far-sighted leader-
ship provided by the
Negwazi, and the second is
the unqualified response
given by all Malawians, at
all times, to his call for hard
work in the fields.

The President has taken
the lead himself, followed
by his Ministers, Party offi-
cials, Chiefs, civil servants,
and ordinary men and
women — all have been en-
couraged to own and run
farms of their own, As a re-
sult the economy of this
country boomed beyond
the expectations of most
people; until, alas, it too
was caught up in the prob-
Jems of inflationary prices
for oil and other essential
manufactured imports, de-
creasingly less-favourable
agriculture export prices,
and worldwide recession.
Nevertheless, the strong
agricultural base which was
established in Malawi
which the internal econo-
my depends, has not been
impaired, and the country
has been spared mass un-
employment. .

Structure and
Organisation

Not many countries in
Africa have retained a real-
ly strong and_ effective
party. The MCP is one of
the few exceptions, and itis
thus well worthwhile to
look more closely at the
structure and organisation
of this successful political
movement.

At the national level the
highest policy-making
authority is the Annual
Convention, although the
leadership of the Party is
solely vested in the Life
President. ‘The organisa-
tion of the MCP spreads to
and from the grassroots
through three Regional and
25 District Committees to
over 1,200 Arca Party

27

Branches, strengthened
everywhere by the existen-
ce of the League of Malawi
Women and the League of
Malawi Youth. Such a
structure enables not only
all members of the Party to
make their needs and views
known to their leaders —
and, indeed, to the Life
President himself — but

also for decisions made at
the top to reach the people
in the villages in a very
short time. These features
are diagrammatically sum-
marised in Figure 1.

PARTY

The close relationship
between the structures 0:
the Party and the Govern-
ment is of special signifi-
cance, especially with re-
gard to the continuing pos-
t-independence work if al-
ways promoting planned
development. The overrid-
ing feature here is the ten-
dency towards the fusion of
governmental and Party
roles at the centre — also,
to some extent, at the regio-
nal headquarters — with an
increasing distinction
being made between the
Party and the Government
as one moves further down
the hicrarchy. Although a
high premium is placed on
the involvement of Party
leaders in most aspects of
rural development, there
have been calculated mea-
sures to separate the func-

tions of the MCP from
those of field administra-
tion and local government.

However, although the
district branches of the
MCP are separated organ-
isationally from the Dis-
trict Councils, District Ad-
ministrations, or other go-
vernment agencies in the
neid, a tramework for co-
ordination exists in the
form of the District Deve-
lopment Committees and
their extensions at the sub-


MPLA, UNITA POLICIES, UNITA MEMBERSHIP DISCUSSED

ANGOLA

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English Vol 23, No 17, 25 Aug 82 pp 4-7

[text]

If there is a settlement in Namibia, the probability is
that Angola will undergo radical change. Not only will
the economy take on a new lease of life; but the face of
Angola’s internal politics could alter drastically. On the
surface, the official pronouncements of President
Jose Eduardo dos Santos and his leadership sound much
the same as in previous years, with a commitment to a
centralised political system guided by the principles of
Marxism-Leninism, though tempered with an increasing
emphasis on economic probity and production. Behind
the scenes, however, there is considerable political
debate (see AC Vol. 23 No. 15). but it is premature to
assert that any particular policy or faction is winning.

Current international diplomacy over Namibia has a
chance of proving effective because, in this rare instance,
Soviet and South African interests are converging. The
South Africans, though in military terms they can stay
in Namibia indefinitely, hope (somewhat against hope)
that a settlement will gain material approval from the
USA plus the propaganda bonus, crucial if Prime
Minister P.W. Botha is to placate his own white
electorate, of a phased Cuban withdrawal from Angola.
The Soviet Union and Cuba, for their part, are probably
tiring of propping up a government that is losing popu-
larity and is lacking the ability to govern robustly, due
to festering security problems that are largely a product
of the war on either side of the Namibian/Angolan
border.

The Angolans fiercely deny that the Cuban issue can
be linked to the Namibian one, yet it is clear that linkage
will be implicit in any overall package. If there is an un-
spoken understanding whereby the Cubans (15-19.000
soldiers plus around 10.000 coopérantes, according to
US estimates) undergo a phased reduction, there are two
possible outcomes:



FIGURE 2: INVESTMENT TRENDS

‘TOWAL

WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE

AGRICULIVEE }

r UAGAOPING -+S=esSR2
4 4 i it i

76 77 78 79 80 81

different sectors were di-
versely affected. The same
message is conveyed by the
employment trends in the
country. Employment has
been on the increase only
in the manufacturing sector
as Figure 3 indicates.

The budget had to fores-
tall, if not to reverse, these
trends. It has, in fact,
identified the investment
constraints and has come
out with corrective mea-
sures. A series of measures
has been introduced to
rehabilitate the investment
climate, to wit, a reduction
in the surcharge on the
export duty on sugar from
75 per cent to 50 per cent,
an improvement in the
system of initial and depre-
ciation allowances for in-
come tax purposes, an
increase in the tax credit

42

for investment in new
manufacturing companies
from 12.5 per cent to 20 per
cent, an investment allo-
wance of 10 per cent etc...

Some striking features of
the budget deserve to be
mentioned. First of all, we
cannot all the time clamour
that our economic ills
emanate from external
factors exclusively. Our
economic policies should
be geared to check the
adverse influences of such
factors to a considerable
degree. In other words,
they should cushion the
shock of external factors
and not heighten their
impact. The measures aimed
at stimulating investment
are commendable as they
are a step in the right
direction. Of course, most
of the measures do not go
far enough and some of



cso:

4700/1909

The changes are clearly part of President José Eduardo dos
Santos’s new initiative to resuscitate the economy, currently
struggling under the burden of falling world commodity prices.

military confrontation with South Africa, and resistance from
domestic dissidents. With its debt service up to 15%, triple the
1979 ratio, and a $ 100m balance of payments deficit in 1981.

over triple the 1980 deficit, Angola needs as many bright and
well trained technicians nursing the economy as possible. “In the
past we have erred towards grandiosity and have not always been
able to realise our goals,” Dos Santos said in an unprecedented
admission last month. “We are now in a difficult economic and
financial situation. (We must) concentrate on cartying out very
concrete tasks. To this end (we) are constructing an emergency
plan.”

The reshuffle is obviously the first step in the new campaign.
The next step could be the promotion of Do Nascimento to
premier. He held the position immediately after independence.
and has increasingly played the prime ministerial role. His skill
at reconciling Angola’s rival factions and, in light of the new
economic emphasis, his planning background, make him a likely
choice.

While it is hard to discern exactly
what the reshuffle means for the Namibia
negotiations, the apparent increase in
Do Nascimento's stature recently cannot
hurt, He is considered fairly pragmatic
on the issue of Cuban troop removal and
is on good terms with the Western nego-
tiators.



Growth of revenue
and expenditure

In 1981 /82, the recurrent
expenditure exceeded the
budgetary estimate by 12.6
per cent while, on the
revenue side, there was a

Shortfall of 7.6 per
cent over the estimates.
As a result, the projected
deficit of Rs 134 million
actually turned out to be
Rs 677 million which repre-
sents a more than four-fold
increase. It is not out of
place to mention that, on
the one hand, the actual
recurrent expenditure has
always been higher than
the original estimates as
Table 1 indicates. On the
other hand, revenue collec-
tions exceeded the budget
Projections in two years
only between 1977/78 and
1982/83. Even in these two
years, the increase in
revenue was lower than
that of expenditure.
Generally, expenditure
growth outstrips revenue
increase. This observation
applies to this budget as

year; revenue is expected
to grow by 18.7 per cent
whereas expenditure growth
will be 20.8 per cent. It is

. Pertinent to note that we

are having a deficit for the
seventh consecutive year
and what is worse is the fact
that every year we face a
record expenditure level
and a record deficit in spite
of a new record level of
revenue. Thisis also evident
from Figure 1.

The total budget ‘deficit
is further swollen since, on
the capital budget, revenue
(grants and dividends) will
amount to Rs 165 million
only while expenditure
forecasts stand at Rs 1200
million. Capital expenditure
is expected to increase by
only 10 per cent between
1981/82 and 1982/83, that
is, by less than 50 per cent
of the growth of recurrent
expenditure. It is precisely
because of the low growth
of capital expenditure that
the total budget deficit for
1982/83 is estimated at
Rs 1 364.3 million or 10 per
cent of GDP. This is in line
with the prescription of the

Fund. The figure compares
favourably, both in absolute
and relative terms, to the
total budget deficit of
Rs 1 495 in 1981/82 or 12.7
per cent of GDP. The
recurrent budget deficit
represents an increasing
share of GDP at market
prices. It represented 1.8
per cent of GDP in 1979/80
and reached 5.7 per cent in
1981/82. In this financial
year, it will reach another
peak of 6.4 per cent.
Admittedly, this ratio is
extremely high. Thus, the
capital budget has not been
allowed to swell so as to
reduce the overall deficit to
manageable proportions.
This is not to imply that
development expenditure
has been neglected. Given
the limited resources availa-
ble, the government has no
alternative than to concen-
trate on projects with a
short gestation period and
on projects that would lead
to an eventual saving of
foreign exchange. But this
strategy can only be for the
short and medium terms. In
the long mun priority should

well. In the current fiscal International ~~ Monetary be given to the social
Table 1
The growing recurrent budget deficit (Rs million)

Recurrent . Deficit

Year Recurrent Revenue Expenditure Deficit GDP

Ratio

Estimates| Actual | Estimates| Actual | Estimates| Actual | Ratio

1977/78] 1145.4 1260.8 1242.2 1441.3 — 96.8 |—180.5 1.3
1978/79) 1500.0 1486.4 1602.0 1770.0 ~— 283.6 3.8
1979/80) 1755.0 1863.9 1780.0 2016.0 —152.2 1.8
1980/81] 2200.0 2163.0 2294.0 2525.2 —362.2 3.6
1981/82] 2595.0 2398.0 | 2729.0 3075.0 -677.0 5.7
1982/83} 2846.0 = 3716.0 = = 6.4

36



GUINEA

PARTY-GOVERNMENT STATEMENT ON SEKOU TOURE TRIP
AB101115 Conakry Domestic Seryice in French 2200 GMT 9 Sep 82

[Communique of the Central Committee and the government concerning President
Ahmed Sekou Toure's forthcoming official visit to France issued in Conakry
on 9 September; read by Foreign Minister Abdoulaye Toure--recorded]

[Text] In the name of the entire Guinean people, the Central Committee of
the Guinean Democratic Party and the Government of the People's Revolutionary
Republic of Guinea rejoice over the invitation to the Guinean head of state
to pay an official visit to France. They are convinced that the resumption
of direct contact between the Guinean and French governments will give more
impetus to the relations of fraternal cooperation existing between the two
countries and help to strengthen the mutual confidence and esteem between
the two heads of state.

After more than 24 years of absence from Paris where, in the name of our
country, he formerly assumed the functions of deputy to the French Parliament,
the Guinean head of state will not fail to reaffirm to the French people the
Guinean people's sincere desire of cooperation.

The Central Committee and the government inform the Guinean people, the 2,500
revolutionary local authorities, the 320 revolutionary district authorities,
the 33 revolutionary regional authorities as well as the steering organs of
the Guinean Women's Revolutionary Union, the Guinean National Labor Confedera-
tion and the Guinean Youth Movement that they are in favor of this visit which
will undoubtedly help to strengthen the friendly and confident relations exist-
ing between the French nation and the African continent. Ready for the
revolution!

cso: 4719/1409

15



TALKS WITH IMF DENIED AT SOVIET YOUTH LEAGUE GIFT CEREMONY

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3396, 6 Sep 82 p 2320

[text]

cso:

4700/1910

The Soviet Young Communist
League has presented a duplicat-
ing machine and papers, vol-
leyballs and nets all worth about
$10,000 to the National Youth
Organising Council. Mr. Alex
Dimitriev, second secretary of the
Soviet Embassy described the gifts
as a modest beginning to more
fruitful co-operation between the
youth of the Soviet Union and of
Ghana. He expressed the grati-
tude of a delegation from the
Soviet Young Communist League
which visited Ghana earlier this
year to the government and peo-
ple of Ghana for the hospitality
given them.

Mr. Kwasi Adu, chairman of the
NYOC thanked the government
and people of the USSR for their
kind gesture. He said Ghana
looked to all its allies in similar
class struggles for help and en-
couragement. The gifts would be

10

used to promote the current strug-
gle in Ghana. Mr. Adu expressed
shock at reports that the PNDC
had invited the IMF for talks on
the economy adding that the “De-
cember 31 Revolution” was sup-
posed to have ended the man-
ipulation of Ghana's economy by
the IMF. The history of the Fund,
he said, clearly showed that it had
never helped any country to de-
velop. He pointed out that while it
had not been possible to finish
processing a $10m. loan offered by
the Soviet Union for the purchase
of industrial equipment, a $7m.
loan for grain purchases from the
US had been quickly signed. He
said “we recognise that those offi-
cials who are not making it possi-
ble for the Soviet-Ghana loan
agreement to be signed are ene-
mies of the revolution and this
makes the people’s struggle a
more difficult one”.


TOGO

Briefs
New French Ambassador

UGANDA

Criticism of Government Claimed Fabricated
(AFRICA AFP, 3 Sep 82)..

UPPER VOLTA

Briefs
Ceding of Buildings Prohibited

ZAMBIA

Briefs
Transport Minister, Others in Court

ZIMBABWE

PM Pledges Aid for Business Expansion
(THE HERALD, 1 Sep 82)..-.sseeeeceeeccvvvee bene ener eeceee

Malachi: Land Resettlement Schemes for Unemployed Only
(THE HERALD, 2 Sep 82).....

Details of Detainees Kept Secret
(THE CITIZEN, 9 Sep 82).....+4- .

‘Drift to Capitalism’ the Danger, Says Ranger
(Munyaradzi Chenje; THE HERALD, 1 Sep 82).....-....+seeeee

Mudzingwa Plans Probe Into Police
(THE HERALD, 2 Sep 82)........-0- bee neeeeeeeeees seeceeeeee

Expatriates Beat Locals on Experience
(BUSINESS HERALD, 2 Sep 82).....-eceeececesececeeeeeree wee

loss of 'White Privilege' Blamed for Staff Shortages
(THE CITIZEN, 9 Sep 82)......+-20e bene eee eeeee bee e ee eeee

Staff Crisis Hits Shona, Ndebele
(THE HERALD, 2 Sep 82).....eeeeeee bee e eee reeee sence eens

Bandits Will Be Court Martialled, Says F PM
(THE HERALD, 2 Sep 82)...

"Subversive' Teachers Warned by Mawema
(THE HERALD, 2 Sep 82)...+-esseeeeee eee eeeneee seco eee cene

85

86

87

88

89

91

92

93

95

96

98

99



has the feeling that such rulers are:
manipulated from outside.

It would be interesting to see what
happens if the Regent takes on tradi-
tional advisers. It will be even more
interesting to see avant-garde ad-
visers pulling the strings.

KwaZulu is working hard at it,
but we are afraid the Ingwavuma i
sue has lost some of its shine,. its
political potency. The wise move for
the Swazis would be to phase out
some kind of compromise and get
away from the rather emotional
stuff, particularly from KwaZulu,
that has characterised the debate.

We have no doubt King Sobhuza
could have handled that evenly had

_ he so wished, but it appears he was
rather testy about the issue in the
first plaice. *

cso: 4700/1915

65



MUHORONI GASOHOL READY

[Article by John Mulaa]

[text]

cso:

KENYA's power alcohol pro-
ject by the Agro-Chemical
and Food Co, Ltd. at Muho-
roni has been completed on
time and the plant's tanks are
now holding 800,000 litres of
the power alcohol. This is 13
days’ production, The Ki-
sumu plant, on ‘the other
hand, is stil] incomplete.

What is awaited is the
pricing. A consultative policy
committee headed by the
ministry of energy has made a
number of recommendations
and is waiting a final decision
from the treasury. The reco-
mendation is for forty cents
subsidy per litre which would
make the ex-pump price for
Gasohol in Nairobi to conti-
nue at shs.7.50 per litre as
currently charged for super
gasoline.

The blending tormula agre-
ed on is: super gasoline 65
per cent, regular gasoline 25
per cent and power alcohol
(minimum 99.6 per cent) 10
per cent.

According to the commit-
tee, this particular blend of
gasohol would be approxi-
mately 98 octane. Going into
the price stucture, the re-
commendation's report notes
that the price for power alco-

4700/1908

Nairobi THE NAIROBI TIMES in English 27 Aug 82 p 9

hol at the factory in Munoro-
ni shall be shs. 5.72 per litre.,
and that of molasses payable
by the factory shall be shs.
200 per metric ton delivered.
Several gazette notifications
regarding the use of gasohol
including the classification of
power alcohol as a motor
spirit, fixed prices for fuel
and if necessary the declaring
of Nairobi as an exclusive
gasohol zone, are still awai-
ted.

Necessary marketing
preatrangements, the report
observes, should also be
made. The report goes on to
say that several salient fact-
ors, necessary for the smooth.
functioning of the gasohol
programme need to be decid-
ed on. These include, the
losses of the fuel in transit
from the Agro-Chemical and
Food Co. Ltd. at Muhoroni in
storage and the handling
by the Kenya Pipeline Com-
pany and measurement
tolerances.

According to the observa-
tions of the committee, the
ex-factory price of shs. 5.72
that has been permitted for
the fuel by the ministry of
energy does not cater for the
possible losses that may be

20

KENYA

incurred in transportation. It
is expedient, the report says,
for a decision to be made as
to who will pay for the losses
and now.

The report further notes
that the price of shs. 5.72 for
the fuel at the Muhoroni
factory does not include the
element of transportation
from Muhoroni to Nairobi by
the KPC. The transport cost
has been fixed tentatively at
35 cents per litre, but it
could,’ according to the
Teport vary from time to

time. .

The KPC, claims the re-
port, has made it clear that
the fuel will only be received
in the firms depots between
eight in the morning and five
in the evening, excluding
weekends. Given this condi-
tion, the report says that
more tankers will be needed
to transport the power alco-
hol from Muhoroni to Nairo-
bi.

The committee also noted
that permission from the
department of customs and
excise should be given so that
alcohol that will be used by
the KPC for cleansing and
first filling its pipelines
should be duty free.



The dissident thorn

Hence the continuation of dissidence. In some areas,
however, the MPLA has made strides. And again, it is
clear that a Namibian settlement would greatly ease the
dissident problem. There are a number of areas of
anxiety:

1. The South Africans have an almost permanent
presence directly north of Ovamboland (the source
of most SWAPO guerrillas, straddling the Angola/
Namibia border). The South Africans have
attacked as far north as Lubango, but the road
between there and Mocamedes is generally
reckoned safe. Few roads south of a line between
Ngunza (on the west coast north of Lobito) and
Saurimo in the east, are considered safe for civilian
traffic.
With South African logistical sup-
port and air cover, UNITA has a
"free zone' in the economically
irrelevant southeastern bush pro-
vinee of Cuando Cubango with head-
quarters at the small town of
Mavinga. Activity has been spread=
ing to the regions around Menongue
and Lumbala,

w

tie Cabinda enclave is well controlled by MPLA,

uespite the now feeble existence of FLEC, the

secessionist movement now reckoned to have split
five ways. (Leaders mentioned are Luis Ranque

Franque, Nzita Tiago, Da Costa, Lubota and Matos

Fernandes). It is notable that the three leading

families in Cabinda ~ Franque, Ndele and Puna —

are linked respectively with FLEC and (the two
latter) with UNITA. But Cabinda is also well
represented in the MPLA, with both Pedale and

Evaristo Domingos (‘Kimba’) as politburo mem-

ers.

4. Holden Roberto, as we revealed exclusively in AC
Vol. 22 No. 14, was ousted from the FNLA last
year, leaving a military rump known as COMIRA
to continue the fight mainly by Kongo peoples
(13% of the populace) in the north of Angola,
There is some disaffection, but the MPLA has
made military and political inroads. It is notable
that there are three Kongo members of the polit-
buro: Ludi, Lukoki, and Pascoal Luvualu, the head
of the trade union movement UNITA.

5. By far the most seriously disaffected region is the

central plateau, where UNITA support is strongest

among the Ovimbundu, the largest ethnic group in
the country at 35-40%. (The Kimbundu, who

mostly back the government. reckoned ai
22%). There is wut a single Ovimbundu in the
politburo and oniy three on the central commi
tee. The only Cvirveundu minister. Faustino
Muteka, at transport whose hold on the job is said
to be tenuous. is not a central committee member.
It would be rash to suggest. as many UNITA
supporters do, that the movement ‘controls’ nearly
half the country: in fact, UNITA controls no
towns at all. except, thanks to the South Africans,
in the south-east corner. But then nor did the Zim-
babwean guerrillas. though their electoral support
turned out to be 85% ‘Control’ is a hazy concept.
Similarly, it would be hasty to presume that all
Ovimbundu back Savimbi, though it is likely the
majority do. The government has had some success in
recruiting Ovimbundu men into the army. and somewhat
more success in impressing them into the little respected
militia, known as the ODP. All other males of fighting
age are in the bush — leaving the villages to the aged.
women and children. Both sides have been fierce in
carrying out reprisals against whole villages considered
disloyal to one side or another, and the villagers’ feelings
— as in any guerrilla war — are probably an uncomfort-
able amalgam of fear and sympathy for the guerrillas.
The details of military activity are much the same as we
tabulated in AC Vol. 23 No. 8 of April 14, 1982. Three
features, however, are worth noting:

UNITA activity is now spread evenly along the
whole length of the Benguela Railway, whereas two
years ago it was concentrated more in the centre and
east;

i)

(i) There has been a significant extension of UNITA
activity up to 250kms north of the railway. There
have been sabotage and ambushes near Ngunza, Cela,
Nova Gaia, Luquembo, and even within 40kms of
Malanie;

The advance of UNITA activity into the southern half
of Malanje Province is particularly interesting,
especially as the support in that province for Nito
Alves (see footnote) was fairly strong. UNITA has long
had good connections with the Songo and Chokwe (or
Kioko) people, but there have been signs that some of
the Kimbundu around Malanje, though by no means
pro-UNITA, are less hostile than they were.

UNITA’s congress, held on July 26-31 at Mavinga in
the presence of 1,500 delegates and Western reporters,
made a number of pronouncements designed to appeal
to disaffected Angolans once sympathetic to MPLA. It
stressed a faith in ‘pan-Africanism’ - a shorthand appeal
to black populism. and in MPLA terms therefore racist.
It appealed to ‘patriotic forces within MPLA to identify
with common national objectives’. It asserted a readiness
to negotiate with MPLA. It guaranteed religious freedom
— in an attempt to win favour from the churches, who

(iii)



ROLE, STRUCTURE OF MALAWI CONGRESS PARTY NOTED

MALAWI

Blantyre MALAWI NEWS in English 28 Aug-3 Sep 82 [Supplement] pp 11, 13,

15, 19, 21

[Article by John R. Ngwiri:

National Development"

[text]

IN AFRICA there are nu-
merous aspects of deve-
lopment. Of these, three
are significant.

The first is the desire of
the indigenous people to be
recognised and regarded as
being worthy of respect and
dignity.

The second is the inten-
ton that real nation-build-
ing will become a practical
substitute for ideological
nationalism.

The third is the faith that
development is a remedy
for the social ills bequea-
thed by the colonialists.
The net result is that the
political leaders look on
themselves as the spear-
head for building.a prospe-
rous nation.

Economic development
is a means towards social
Progress. This is why most
African governments con-
centrate their economic,
administrative, and other
resources in the public sec-
tor, and aim to realise social
development through cen-
trally planned capital in-
vestment and major state
Participation in the econo-
my.

"The Malawi Congress Party: Instrument of

The Role of the Malawi
Congress Party

In several African states
the political parties which
successfully waged the
struggle for independence
have faded away to become
mere shadows of their for-
mer selves. However, in
Malawi the national move-
ment still maintains a vigo-
rous and un-diminished
network, equally strongly
based both in rural villages
and in urban centres. The
Malawi Congress Party has
maintained its pre-eminent
status and distinctive role
in the nation because it is
not only associated in the
minds of the people with
the patriotic struggle
against colonial. rule, but
has consistently led the
way, strongly, in economic
development since inde-
pendence.

The success of the MCP
is due to several factors.
First of all, the inspiring
leadership of the Life Pre-
sideat of Malawi, Ngwazi
Dr. H. Kamizu Banda,
whose wide popularity is
permanent and readily dis-

25

cernible. Secondly, the
maintenance of the four
Cornerstones of the Mala-
Wi Nation, namely, Unity,
Loyalty, Obedience, and
Discipline, which provide a
framework for the conduct
and deportment of Malaw-
ians. Thirdly, the absence
of ethnic biases which have
been a source of divisive
tendencies in most African
countries. Fourthly, the
continuous mohilisational
capacity of the MCP in the
post-independence era,
which reflects the fact that
the strength of this organi-
sation is derived from the
voluntary grass-roots sup-
port of ordinary men,
women, and young people
in the villages throughout
Malawi.

How the MCP has main-
tained its position of na-
tion-wide importance can
best be understood in the
context of (i) its historical
development; and (ii) its
organisational structure

and relationship. with go-
vernment administration.



cso:

Despite all the difficul-
ties — threats of South
African invasions, terro-
rist movements in Moza-
mbique and troubles in
Matabeleland and so on,
Zimbabwe was remark-
able.

“It is remarkable how
this country has been
established, moving from
a ferocious war to im-
proved race relations.”

He was planning to
write a new history book
on peasant farming from
1890 to 1980. The book
would be based on the
research he carried out
in Makoni district soon
after independence. He
spent six months re-
searching the subject and
has already written 12
papers and articles.

‘Most history books
end at about i960 and
the one I'm writing will
carry right through the
war, so that readers are
able to see how the pre-
sent position relates to
the war.”

The book was likely to
be published in two years,
He was also planning to
update his previous book,
The African Voice in
Southern Rhodesia.

“As soon as I get
back to the United
Kingdom, I'm going to
write a new chapter
for this book and it will
come out early next
year.”

He had published four
history books written by
himseif, and others in
collaboration with differ-
ent authors. Of his own,
two were about Zim-
babwe. °

‘There was a great need
for new history books on
Zimbabwe. Not only
should more research

4700/1911

be: carried out. but
the research _ should
be different. It was
not only a question
of finding out about
the past, but investigat-
ing present resettlement
projects and different
farming methods.

“We need to look at
new topics, like what
role women play in Zim:
babwe. The role of
women is largely left
out in most history
books, including those J
have written,

“History must speak
to the present — I don’t
think it is a remote sub-
ject.”

Conditions for _re-
search were very good
and this would make the
work very exciting.
There were marvellous
archives and eager
publishers.

Previous - Zimbabwe
history books were not
appropriate to the pre-
sent day Zimbabwe.
“They have to be chang-
ed from top to bottom
but it takes a long time
to root out these things.

“The books being pub-
lished are not the last
word on history because
history is not like that.
There are questions and
more questions every
time.”

Professor Ranger said
the Britain-Zimbabwe
Society, of which he is
a member, was formed
to bring together people
who live in Britain but
whose main loyalty is in
zimbabwe.

“To most people it
sounds like the old
Anglo-Rhodesian Society
but its intentions are

completely different. Al-

94

though it is called the
Britain-Zimbabwe — Soc-
fety, it 1s very much
Zimbabwe first.”

It ha about 400
members and their main
interest was to see Zim-
babwe succeed. It was
established to provide
information to people
interested in the coun-
try and to lobby support
for Zimbabwe.

“We try to correct
mistakes in newspapers
and make recommenda-
tions to the British gov-
ernment or other bodies
when we feel their
policies towards Zimba-
bwe need to be chang-
ed.”

He was no_ longer
bitter about his deporta-
tion because he had been
able to do the important
things he wanted in life,
and was able to keep
in close contact with
Zimbabwe.

Professor Ranger said
he would like to settle
in Zimbabwe if there
was something: useful
for him to do for the
development of the
country.

“I love coming back,”
he said,

On the political situa-
tion in Southern Africa,
he said: “I feel Zimba-
bwe would be placed in
a very difficult position
if mandatory sanctions
were applied against
South Africa. My main
commitment is to Zim-
babwe and I would not
like to see anything hap-
pening that would dam-
age Zimbabwe at this
time.

“The most important.
thing js that Zimhabwe
becomes stable and suc-
cessful.”



UPPER VOLTA

BRIEFS

CEDING OF BUILDINGS PROHIBITED--A decree dated 13 September stipulates the
aborgation of the provisions of article 1 of decree Number 810079 of 10 Feb-
ruary 1981 concerning the prohibition of the ceding of buildings by public
servants, government officials, officials of public establishments and state
corporations. The ceding of building by officials who served under the third
republic is, however, prohibited until further notice as follows: members
of the executive arm of the government, presidents of institutions, offi-
cials of ministerial rank, permanent undersecretaries, principal provate sec-
retaries, ministerial attaches, directors general, directdérs of service,
project directors, directors general or directors of public establishment
and state corporations and of all (?credit institutions). [Text] [AB172108
Ouagadougou Domestic Service in French 2000 GMT 17 Sep 82]

cso: 4719/1404

87



though better tolerated, are still resentful of the clause
in the MPLA statutes forbidding membership to anyone
who “holds a belief in any religious idea”. It upheld the
principles of ‘free enterprise and democratic values’.

There were no surprises in appoint-

ments to the 19-man politburo and to an
expanded central committee. Under
Savimbi, Miguel Nzau Puna, the heredi-
tary Cabinda chief remains secretary-
general, Most of the top commanders
are Ovimbundu~-overall commander
Demostenes Chilingutila, Waldemar
Chindondo, Sam Chiwale (demoted to head
of training two years ago), Samuel
Palanga (chief of security), Jorge
Sangumba (head of foreign affairs).
But a number of top figures are non-
Ovimbundu: Antonio Vakulakuta, a
Cuanhama, head of administration,
Lukas Cajimi, also a southerner;
Smart G. Chatta, a Chokwe. secretary for justice;
Ernesto Mulato, a Kimbundu, secretary for internal
commerce and natural resources (a portfolio some might
call ‘department of smuggling’). The overall leadership
remains intact and cohesive, though Savimbi spends
much time in Morocco and travelling outside Africa in
quest for arms and money.

He still has good relations with Zaire, and probably
retains some links with Zambians in high places. His
business acquaintances, such as Tiny Rowland of
Lonrho, are also many. He still receives Arab money,
and is in touch with his earliest mentors, the Chinese.
The Senegalese, under new President Abdou Diouf, are
ready to mediate between UNITA and the government.
If South Africa’s direct aid is cut off, he will be blessed
with large stockpiles, and may not be left friendless.

cso: 4700/1909

Nonetheless, if there is a Namibian settlement, he will
be highly vulnerable to a gradual strangulation. At
present, most of the MPLA, despite emphatic reports by
such respectable sources as Le Monde that there have
already been UNITA-MPLA contacts, would prefer to
see UNITA wiped out rather than accommodated, It

will therefore be Savimbi's greatest

test--if there is a Namibia settle-
ment--to survive for a year or two
thereafter. Then UNITA will simply
have to be accommodated, A fre-
quently mentioned idea in Western
diplomatic circles is that an
internal Angolan settlement would
entail the dumping of Savimbi him-
self, It is argued that he is too
big a figure to be happily accommo-
dated, But it will probably be

over before such calculations are

tested, And after a Namibian

settlement the attitudes and poli-
cies of the MPLA may also change
remarkably,



"DRIFT TO CAPITALISM' THE DANGER, SAYS RANGER

Harare THE HERALD in English 1 Sep 82 p 11

[Article by Munyaradzi Chenje]

[Text]

THE Government
must try to translate
its socialist commit-
ment into reality if
Zimbabwe's develop-
ment is to succeed,
says Professor
Terence Ranger.

Professor Ranger, a
former history lecturer
at the then University
College of Rhodesia, was
expelled from Southern
Rhodesia by the federai
government of Rhodesia
and Nyasaland in 1963.

He is here attending
a history conference at
the University of Zimba-
bwe and will also take
part in a conference on
archives next month,

Professor Ranger, who
1s vice-chairman of the
Britain-Zimbabwe Society
in Britain, will also
address the local branch
here in early Septem-
ber.

In an interview at the
weekend, Professor Ran-
ger, who played a lead-
ing role in the rise of
nationalism in Zimba-
bwe, said: “I think it is
going to be very difficult
to keep Africans in top
administrative jobs real-
ly focused on’ socialist
ideals.

“The capitalist sector
is strongly developed in
Zimbabwe and there is
a great danger that they
may be sucked into it
and would just accept
socialism as a theory in-
stead of a way of life.”

He said for ‘most peo-
ple Africanism and
nationalism were still
their strongest emotions,
at the expense of socia-
lism. They just expected
to be promoted to top
positions in society,

The co-existence of
-socialism and capitalism
could not be avoided, as
there was no alternative.
But it was a policy
which carried risks be-
cause the longer they
co-existed, the more
seductive capitalism
would. become and the
more static socialism
wou ' be.

“It is therefore impor-
tant for most people
that socialism should not
only be a word but
should be made a rea-
ity.”

He was greatly im-
pressed with how . the
country had moved to es-
tablish the mew order. It
had been fascinating to
gee how new administrat-
ive systems had been
built up to replace the
colonial system.

93

ZIMBABWE

“On my first visit in
1980, there were no dis-
trict’ councils and district
administrators in rural
areas.

“It is interesting to see
how the Government is
answering the ambitions
of the peasants, who suf-
fered greatly during the
war.

It wag difficult to
work out the best land
system for the people,
and apparently resettle-
ment had gone slower
than ad been hoped.

The best system was

to establish a mixture of
farming methods, not
just co-operatives. If the
Government — supported
co-operatives only, he
thought the peasants
would be very angry.
They wanted to spread
out into the land.

“So I believe the Gov-
ernment is wisg to have
these mixed schemes be-
cause I think the ambi-
tions of peasants who
supported the Govern-
ment during the war
should be met as far as
is possible,” said Profes-
sor Ranger.

Comparing Zimbabwe
with previous colonialist
governments, Professor
Ranger said Zimbabwe
was now a much better

place to live in than at
the time he was deported
in 1963.


LOSS OF 'WHITE PRIVILEGE' BLAMED FOR STAFF SHORTAGES

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Sep 82 p 3

[text]

cso:

4700/1914

HARARE. — The Gov-
emment would not “go
down on its knees” to re-
tain White civil servants
who decided to leave the
country . because they
could not reconcile them-
selves to the changed pol-
itical situation, the Dep-
uty Minister of Finance,
Economic Planning and
Development, Mr Moton
Malianga, said yesterday.

He was speaking in the
House of Assembly dur-
ing the committee stage
of the Finance Bill, which
gives effect to the Budget.

Mr Sidney Malunga
(Zapu, Matabeleland
North) had wanted to
know what measures the
ministry was taking to
curb. fesignations from
the Departmentof Taxes.

Mr .Malunga said he

had heard that most of
the resignations were due
to lowsalaries.

Mr Malianga replied
that the majority of resig-
nations of qualified per-
sonnel involved Whites
who did not want to work
under Blacks.

“I must inform the
House that this :govern-
ment will not go down on
its knees to keep people

98

who want the same priv-
ileges they had before,”
he said.

The Government was,
therefore, training Zim-
babweans to fill positions
left by Whites. 1

Mr Malianga said al-

though salaries in the De-
partment of Taxes were
lower than those offered
by the private sector, “the
important issue’ here is
patriotism”? There were
Zimbabweans who were
prepared to serve the na-
tion regardless of the le-
velofsalaries.”- .

He: also defended » a
clause in the Bill provid-
ing for the appointment
of four deputy commis-
sioners of taxes.

Mr Bill Irvine and Mr
Paddy Shields, both Inde-
pendents, had questioned
the need for four deputy
commissioners and won-
dered whether this would
not be a drain on already
scarce resources.

Mr Malianga said the
department had been re-
organised ahd it was felt,
in order to improve effi-
ciency, that there was a

need to adjust the estab-

lishment in the office of
the Commissioner of
Taxes. — Sapa.”

ZIMBABWE



cso:

surprisingly, the farm system developed by
the Kailondo family is proving too tough to
discredit.

This sort of merry-go-round process is
really messing-up the spectrum of rural
credibility. How then can we blame the
tural man for being suspicious of the
intentions of metropolitan-patterned de-
velopers? We should recognise that during
the agro-rural transformation phase, espe-
cially in the initial period, rural people may
not be necessarily interested in net returns
or net cash flow, especially the format in
which they are linearly depicted in tradi-
tional budgets and cash flow statements.
Perhaps for the farmer he sees optimum
profitability in terms of ‘greater sustained
capacity to meet his daily family require-
ments.” Therefore any system, however
viable, that attempts to cut across the
farmers’ time-tested system, is suspect.

4700/1905

61

This condition of ‘traditional suspicion”
is usually reinforced as one development
scheme after the other falls by the wayside.
Traditional farm systems have many con-
straints, but to disregard them may be
folly, as is being realised. Rural developers
have failed to appreciate that although
they can boast of several diplomas, they
may still be socio-cultural illiterates, vis-a-
vis rural transformation. Most of us are
obsessed with a strong propensity for
self-delusion with regards to our fake
prowess in solving rural problems quickly.

A lesson here is that many of us who are
the “Paper” breed need a lot more learn-
ing. But, paradoxically, the more we seem
to be learning, the more we move off
at a tangent with regard to the dynamism of
traditional development setting. “Learning
from the people” and not disregarding
“the foolish old men” may still be the most
valuable tool in combating this dilemma.


LABOR PARTY LEADER RECEIVES BOMB THREAT

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 7 Sep 82 p 6

(tText]

cso:

SOUTH AFRICA

THE Rev Alan Hendrickse, leader of the Labour Party, has received a
warning by telephone about a possible conspiracy to place a bomb at his

parsonage in Uitenhage.

A day before this inci:
dent a hidden micro-
phone with a sophisti-
cated listening-in device
was discovered near the
pulpit of a church in
which Mr Hendrickse
was to conduct a com-
munion service.

Confirming these inci-

dents yesterday, Mr
Hendrickse’s wife, Mrs
Terry Hendrickse, said
that over the years she
and her husband had
been receiving threaten-
ing and insulting tele-
‘phone calls, but this was
the first time they had
received a call about a
bomb.

“We live with this
kind of thing,” she said.

Mr Hendrickse could
not be reached yester-
day for comment as he
was on a business trip.

4700/1915

Mrs Hendrickse said
the hidden microphone
was discovered under-
neath the communion
table in the Congrega-
tional Church building
on Baroe Farm, about
25km from Steytlerville,
on Sunday, August 29.

The device was found
by cleaners shortly be-
fore the communion ser-
vice and they called Mr
Hendrickse.

A report in the na-
tionalist Sunday News-
paper Rapport said that
according to an expert it
was a highly sensitive
and sophisticated device
capable of receiving and
sending sound vibra-
tions over long dis-
tances.

67

~ The day after this inci-
dent Mr Hendrickse re-
ceived a telephone call
iat his home about the
possible planting of a
bomb at his home.

The caller was a man
who said he had over-
heard a conversation
among Xhosa-speaking
people. The man said he
telephoned to warn Mr
Hendrickse so that ar-
rangements could be
made to protect his
home.

Mrs Hendrickse said
the incidents had not
been reported to the po-
lice.

Some years ago they
reported threats they
had received but noth-
ing came of it, she said.



managerial cadres who have generally felt
so threatened by the development of work-
ers’ defence committees.

It may well be an inadequate level of

performance on the workers’ front that

explains the resignation of Joshua Amartey
Kwei. It is known that he had not been
entirely successful in making the upward
transition from a local union leader (of
GIHOC workers) to a person of national
responsibility since he was put in the
PNDC after December 31. But it is an act
of facile self-fulfilling prophecy to conclude
from his resignation that there lies the
proof that he was connected with the
murders of the three High Court judges
and the personnel manager of GIHOC.

csO: 4700/1903

12



MUDZINGWA PLANS PROBE INTO POLICE

Harare THE HERALD in English 2 Sep 82 p 1

[text]

cso:

4700/1911

THE Deputy Minister of Home. Affairs, Cde
‘Alexio Mudzingwa, begins a countrywide tour of
police stations next week to see how they are

adapting to the new

order,
The tours, Cde Mudzi-

ngwa said _ yesterday,
Would Isst unti! December
1.

“Anyone who does not
transform himself within
this period will have clear-
ly indicated that he can-

‘not go into the next year

serving in the police force,
because’ he will have re-
sisted transformation.”

The following year was
lUkely to have its own
programme and _ people
should not take longer
than a year to transform
themselves.

“When this exercise is
completed, I think we will
be able to say proudly
that the police force will
be perfect.”

During his tours he
would inspect the treat-
ment of prisoners — how
they slept, the food they
ate and at what times.

He would hold discus-
sions with various mem-
bers of the police force on

95

the problems facing them.

“The whole idea is to
try to put ourselves in a
position of understanding
problems that are faced by
the masges and the police
force and, where possible,
remedy ‘them straight
away.”

He sald he was also in
the process of informing
different organisations
throughout - the provinces
with whom he would be
having meetings. Some of
them would be given a
week's notice before the
meetings took place.

Cde Mudzingwa sald he
had also received $642,63
for the Dande River dis-
aster fund from the Mayor
of Kadoma, Councillor
Habakuk Manjoro yester-
day. The money had come
from teachers, schools,
municipal workers, various
organisations and indivi-
duals.

ZIMBABWE



COTU GRUDGES WAGES, FOOD PRICE INCREASES

KENYA

Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW in English 27 Aug 82 p 25

[text]

ANY hopes that may have been raised
by last. Thursday's government
announcement of the increase in the
minimum wage level, were simulta-
neously dashed by an accompanying
announcement that increased the
prices of some basic foodstuffs. The
revised wages guidelines will result in
a 15 per cent overall wage increase
and the government considers the
increase a sacrifice in view of the
gloomy economic climate. But the
increases in the wholesale and
retail prices of maizemeal, bread,
wheat flour are already being received
grudgingly by consumers and the
Central Organisation of Trade Unions
(Cotu) is set to do more than just
complain.

Yet it seems likely that the govern-
ment expected some kind of opposition
to the changes. and may not therefore
quite easily bow to pressures brought
about by Cotu. In his statement
stipulating the revised wages and
guidelines, the minister for labour.
Mr. Titus Mbathi. appealed to both
workers and employers to accept the
situation. Said he, “We hope that both
workers and employers alike will
accept those rates in the spirit of
sacrifice that is necessary now for
nation building.”

The wages for adults in the agri-
cultural sector will be shs. 255 per
month and shs. 183 for those under 18
years of age. In all the other sectors

17

minimum wages level has been decon-
solidated at shs. 480 for adults and
shs. 353 for those under 18. However,
for the scheduled municipalities the
minimum wages will be shs. 442 per
month for adults and shs. 310 for
under 18 years. In all other areas, the
figures will be shs. 270 for adults and
shs. 195 for those under 18 years. The
additional inducement for workers
not housed by employers will be an
additional payment of 15 per cent of
the basic minimum wage. .

Apparently the revised figures did
not whet Cotu’s appetite. The first
reaction of Mr. Juma Boy, the

secretary-general of Cotu, on learning
about the changes was to press ahead
with Cotu’s package of reforms. A day
after Mbathi’s announcement, Boy not
only complained that the increases
were too low but contended that the
announcement should have come after
the presidential committee on employ-
ment (currently compiling its findings)
presents its report. Boy later
summoned Cotu’s top officials, ap-
parently to formalise his protests, for
a meeting on Tuesday this week at
Cotu’s Solidarity Building
headquarters. That meeting was, how-
ever, postponed to Thursday this week
to allow the officials to “examine
closely” the wage and food prices
increases, among other things.

Cotu, it seems had been banking on
President Daniel arap Moi's promise



MOZAMBIQUE

DEFECTOR REPORTEDLY LEAVES S, AFRICA, JOINS NRM

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 8 Sep 82 p 5

[Article by David Spiro]

[Text]

LIEUTENANT Adriano Bomba, the Frelimo defec-
tor, is definitely in Mozambique and fighting for the
resistance movement.

This was confirmed by Dr Evo Fernandez, leader of
the Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana MNR.

Speaking from the Lisbon headquarters of the move-
ment Dr Fernandez said “Adriano Bomba is now in
Mozambique. He is head of the information desk for
our movement. He is there to coordinate our efforts in
the struggle to free our country.”

Lieut Bomba joined the movement after he left the
South African Air Force, which he joined after his de-
fection, in April.

Bomba apparently moves around the battle-torn Mo-
zambique bush and reports back to the resistance head-
quarters at regular intervals.

Offer of Truce

Dr Fernandez also said that two weeks ago a public
offer for a truce in the six-year old war was sent to
President Samora Machel but so far there had only
been silence from Maputo.

“We want to end the bloodshed and have free elec-
tions but Machel is frightened of losing his power and
his grip on the country. We are at present negotiating
with certain Frelimo officers in foreign countries. It is
impossible to reveal their whereabouts because of the

cso: 4700/1903

46

at danger involved.”

othe officers will have to make their way back to
Mozambique in the very near future as Dr Fernandez
claims, “our forces are now only 70 km from the capi-
tal. We now control an area stretching from the Indian
Ocean to Zimbabwe and as far north as the Malawi
border. We are also in control of Zambezi and Maputo
provinces. Machel must realise that we are now strong
enough to take the capital by force. We only wish he
would negotiate.”

Dr Fernandes fears that if the war goes on much
longer Mozambique will face dire economic problems
and that there are already serious food shortages in the

try. .
ouTHe only aim of the resistance,” Dr Fernandez said,
“is to have free elections. This is the reason Bomba
defected, he thought that by going to South Africa he
could carry on the struggle. Instead he found that the
Pretoria government only wanted to use him for their
‘own propaganda programme. In the end he left South
Africa and joined our movement in the belief that he
could achieve more by working with the MNR.”

Dr Fernandez said the struggle in Mozambique
would go on for as long as it was necessary. He believes
that it is only a matter of time before the resistance
achieves its aim.



MALACHI:

Harare THE HERALD in English 2 Sep 82 p 4

[text]

cso:

LAND under resettlement schemes will not be
allocated to employed people, the Minister of
Lands, Resettlement and Rural Development,

Cde Moven Mahachi,
said in the Assembly.

Speaking during the
resumed committee of
supply debate on his min-
istry’s vote of $62 553 000,
Cde Mahachi said first
priority would be given to
the unemployed in alloca-
ting land, as they had no
other source of income,

“If we settle the em-
ployed, when will they use
the land given to them?”
he asked.

Land should be given
to the farmer who was
determined to make use
of it, “The employed per-
son will not have a
chance to ‘work on that
land, or he may look for
a labourer to work for
him — that is what we
are against,” he said.

However, employed
people with land in rural
areas would not have their
land confiscated, he said.

Mr Henry — Elsworth
(Ind, Midlands) suggested
to the minister that’ mud-
baked bricks be used for
building houses in re-
settlement areas instead
of timber to help con-
serve wood resources.

Cde Mahachi said the
building of: houses was the
responsibility of the Min-
{atry of Housing and that
the two ministries wanted

4700/1911

to formulate a standard
housing pattern in re-
settlement areas,

He agreed that there
was “a lot of destruction
of timber” but this was
happening in communal
lands cs well as resettle-
ment areas.

Settlers had no. choice
but to use timber when
they were first given land,

che said, “but perhaps

when they are more
settled we can then expect
them to spend some time
on moulding their bricks”.

Mr Des Butler (RF
Eastern) asked the min-
ister about areas which
had been taken over by
Government for resettle-
ment where Agritex plan-
ning had been nullified by
“pressure of squatters or
for other reaxo:is'

He also suggested that
the ministry should ar-
range for Assembly mem-
bers to visit resettlement
areas and “see what Is
being done’

Cde Mnvach! said: “Al-
though we have met with
problems in certain areas
the Government is over-
coming them and all Agri-
tex plans will be adhered

91

ZIMBABWE

LAND RESETTLEMENT SCHEMES FOR UNEMPLOYED ONLY

to.”

‘When Mr Willlam Kona
(ZAPU, Midlands) rose
to speak, the chairman: In-
terrupted to tell members
to “read Hansard and. be
in the House when others
are talking because you
are wasting our time
here”

There was. a: chorus
from all sides of the
House: “Hansard 1s not
out. yet.”

Cde Kona __ suggested
that resettlement should
be based on the village
system which was in use,
“long before the whites
came here and is a policy
being used in other coun-
tries even today”. .

This would enhance de-
velopment and the supply
of services such as water
and electricity.

Mr_Exevier Matibenga
(ZANU_ (PF), Midlands
said district councils were
having problems with
people who had occupied
grazing areas in the com-
mural tands and asked
what the ministry pro-
posed to. do about this,

‘The minister sald he
felt he had already ans-
wered this and other ques-
tions.



CSO:

members of the Party may
also give a helping hand
with farming activities —
e.g. seeding, weeding, or
harvesting — to a tamily
whose head is sick or dead,
or is in any way incapable of
fending for itself. This goes
on all the time, and the ex-
tent of such activities varies
widely.

How the System Works
and Why

The MCP has been
transformed from an inde-
pendence movement into
an effective instrument of
economic development and
social progress. In order to
achieve this goal, the Party,
the Government, and the
people had to develop a
sound relationship of un-
derstanding and trust, and
this has only been achieved
through the guidance of the
National Leader.

Development in Malawi
has been highly effective
because the Life President
has taken into account
long-term forces, and has
related them to the social
fabric, the cultural back-
ground, and the political
expectations of the masses.

Time and again the
Ngwazi has exhorted his
people to work hard, and
not to expect to prosper
through ‘Manna from Hea-
ven’. He has insisted that
even though Malawi may
receive foreign aid and
technical assistance from
elsewhere, the most impor-
tant ingredient for develop-
ment is “You, my people’.
In other words, the prim-
ary responsibility for the
formulation of a program-
me for development
should, as far as possible,

4700/1904

be that of the people con-
cerned. This means that
development has to be co-
operative. It should not be
something doled out to pas-
sive recipients. The practi-
ce is that before the Go-
vernment embarks upon
any rural development —
whether in agriculture, vil-
lage water supply, roads, or
schools — the local Party
leaders are informed about
the project, and how it is
envisaged that this will
benefit the local people.
Once this has been done,
the Party organises a public
meeting where suggestions
on how to improve the pro-
ject are made, noted, and
then discussed with the
Government implementa-
tion agency so that appro-
priate action can be taken.

The intention behind
these meetings is that once
the people understand that
the projects are for their
benefit, they willinvariably
regard them as their own.
They will therefore not just
sit back passively and
watch the Government do
the work. On the contrary,
they always prefer to be ac-
tive participants in their
implementation — women
and youth, equally with
men. This is why knowled-
geable economic institu-
tions like the World Bank
have publicly stated that
some of the most successful
examples of rural develop-
ment in the Third World
are to be found in Malawi.

Whither Malawi?

That eminent Kenyan
scholar, Ali A. Mazrui, has
referred to Africa as a ‘Con-
tinent in Transition’, over
which hangs a cluster of
symbols: the crescent of

29

Arab power, the cross of
western European techno-
logy, the hammer and sick-
le of the Communists, and,
more ominously, the ques-
tion mark representing be-
wilderment and uncertain-
ty. These external influen-
ces are bringing different
kinds of repercussions that
generate, in their wake,
confusion, ideological par-
ty-power struggles, and
conflict. This is why there
is a relevance in Mazrui’s
rhetoric: ‘Whither Africa”.
Malawi is part and parcel
of the continent. It, too, is
in transition, but by way of
contrast with many other
African political parties,
the MCP is a national orga-
nisation with clear objecti-
ves, with leaders who have
unwavering faith and deep
convictions, who can be re-
lied upon to act in the best
interests of the people be-
cause they have embarked
on a definite course leading
to progress and prosperity,
measured initially in simple
terms as regards the provi-
sion of adequate food, clo-
thing, and shelter. This is
why any initiatives by the
Party and the Government
are received with alacrity
and acted upon with speed.
What all this means is
that the MCP is seen
throughout the length and
breadth of Malawi not only
as a unifying factor, but
also as a movement that is
designed to improve the
quality of everyday life. A
political organisation of
this nature is bound to
enjoy popular support and
to continue as a most effec-
tive instrument for the de-
velopment and prosperity
of the nation.



PUNISHABLE OFFENSES IN ARMED FORCES PUBLISHED

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3396, 6 Sep 82 p 2318

[text]

cso:

4700/1910

The PNDC has passed a law giving legal backing to the establishment
of a Special Military Tribunal in Ghana. The PNDC Law Number 19
signed by its Chairman, Flt-Lt. J. J. Rawlings is contained in the latest
issue of the government Gazette dated August 6.

It said that notwithstanding any law in the contrary, a person being a
member of the Armed Forces shall be guilty of an offence when he:
® Assaults or molests any person
© Unlawfully arrests any persons, or
© Obstructs any public officer or other person in the performance of his
duties;
© Directly or indirectly, instigates, commands, counsels, solicits or, in
any manner, encourages or promotes, whether by his act or presence or
otherwise, the assault, molestation or unlawful arrest of another by a
member of the Armed Forces, or
© Uses a member of the Armed Forces of Ghana for any unauthorised
purpose or act. or
© Being a member of the Armed Forces. uses his position for any
unauthorised purpose or act, and
© Not being a member of the Armed Forces of Ghana parades, whether
in military uniform or not, as a member of such forces.

Any person who commits an offence under Section 1 of the Law shall,
on summary conviction, be punished as follows:
© In the case of a member of the Armed Forces, be liable to a fine not
exceeding €2,000 or to a term of imprisonment not exceeding one year
or both, as well as dismissal from the Armed Forces with effect from the
date of the offence, and in the case of any other person, be liable to a fine
not exceeding €2,000 or to a term of imprisonment not exceeding one
year or to both.

It pointed out that conviction for an offence under the law would have
the same effect as conviction under the Criminal Code 1960 (Act 29).

The Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ghana, or such
other authority authorised by him, it said, might convene the Special
Military Tribunal, comprising seven or five members. It will appoint
from among its members its own chairman, and “any decision shall be
deemed to be decision of a Special Military Tribunal if it is supported by
all its members or a majority thereof.” The tribunal's decision “shall be final
and no appeal shall lie from such a decision.”

13

GHANA


SENEGAL

EDITORIAL CALLS ON AMERICA TO STOP BEGIN
AB191017 Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 14 Sep 82 p 1
[Abdoulaye Ndiaga Sylla editorial: "The Second Phase"]

[Text] When the augurs announce peace, the devils of war rekindle the ex-
tinguished. fires. This is proper of Israeli Prime Minister Menahem Begin.
By throwing his air force against the troops of Damascus and the Palestinian
fighters stationed in the Bakaa--the central Lebanese plains-yesterday, he
portrays his refusal to make peace and his desire to move on to the second
phase of the Lebanese war.

The objective of the Israeli authorities, who had never before been cornered
during the long years of the Israeli-Arab conflict as they now are, is still
to sign a separate peace treaty with Lebanon. The Syrian presence in the
Bekaa, like the determination of the Palestinian fighters who do not want to
release the last open front between Feydayin and the soldiers of Tashal, has
become the major obstacle to the realization of this plan.

Also, in order to isolate Lebanon and deal with Bashir al-Jumayyil, Israeli
Defense Minister Ariel Sharon and Begin, his partner, wish to repeate the
operation that led to the evacuation of the Palestinian fighters from Beirut.
The central Lebanese plain is therefore once again under the threat of war.

Undoubtedly, troubled by the growing audience of the PLO, surprised to see
the Arab world come together in unity at Fez, discontent at the "openness"

of Reagan, the Israeli Government has no other card to play than the isolation
of Lebanon through the signing of a peace treaty. In order to avoid the
repetition of the painful Lebanese episode, the main obstacle to peace in

the region--Israel--should be progressively included in the efforts being
presently made.

The time has come for the United States to make proof of its willingness to
contribute to the finding of a solution to the Middle East conflict.

Apart from American complicity, without Reagan's military support Israel can-
not do anything. Left alone to itself, this country has no means to carry out
its expansionist policy. It is good to stop Begin. The elements of peace in
the Middle East are certainly not to be found in the signing of separate peace
treaties.

cso: 4719/1411

57



Expert Claims SADCC Power Grid Feasible

Briefs

(THE HERALD, 2 Sep 82).....

ZANU (PF) White Candidates
National Anthem
PM To Limit Air Travel

102

103
103
104



PM PLEDGES AID FOR BUSINESS EXPANSION

Harare THE HERALD in English 1 Sep 82 p 11

[text]

THE Government
plans to spend be-
$4.5 billion
$5: billion to
its thre

ar

national — transitional

development plan,
the Prime Minister
Cde Mugabe has said.

Speaking in a wide-
ranging, hour-long inter-
view, the Prime Minister
said’ $1,8 billion had al-
ready been raised through
the Zimcord donors’ con-
ference.

The Government would
have to raise $3 billion
from {ts own resources and
the private sector. “We
hope that, through their
own spirit to develop their
own enterprises, the local
investors will do quite a
lot to expand.

“Where we can we will
make facilities available
to private enterprise by
way of credits and loans
and the banks, of course,
will be encouraged to lend
where it is necessary for
private enterprise to ex-
pand.”

He said the plan would
be published in the near
future. “We have finished
discussing most of the
plans involved in it. Vol-
ume 1 is complete. Volume
2 is not yet complete —
we still have about four
ministers to discuss mat-
ters with — but this will
not take us longer than
another two weeks or so.”

89

Asked what Zimbabwe-
ans could do to bring
about the realisation of
the aims of the transition-
al phase, the Prime Minis-
ter sald: “The people are
a sure resource, ‘This
means therefore that the
people must participate.
Government must mount
programmes to educate
the people about the plan
and make it clear to them
how they will participate
in their various sectors.”

Skills training and ap-
Prenticeship programmes
were vital. Technical train-
ing and short courses for
peasant farmers, extension
services for the people,
were necessary to ensure
people were given positive
influences.

INFLUENCE

This would encourage
them in turn positively to
influence the implement-
ation of the plan,

Each cabinet minister
was asked to draw up his
own three - year plan,
divided into annual pro-
grammes. Among the
plans put forward was
the resettlement of
162 000 families,

It was essential to
work towards a set of
goals: “If we fail to
reach these goals then,
at the end of the period,
we must sit down and
study the reasons for our
failure, and how we can
improve on our perform-
ance.”



MALI

BRIEFS

TRAORE VISIT TO SENEGAL--Gen Moussa Traore left Dakar this afternoon. The
Malian head of state was seen off by President Abdou Diouf, surrounded by
Habib Thiam, prime minister, members of the government, National Assembly
and many civilian and military personalities. In a short statement to the
press, President Traore said that he and President Abdou Diouf exchanged
views on some bilateral and African issues, recalling that dialogue and con-
sultation have always prevailed between Senegal and Mali. The Malian presi-
dent stressed that the two countries held identical viewpoints on all the
subjects discussed especially on the ways and means of solving African prob-
lems. Mali, together with Congo, Libya, Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia, is
a member of the 6-member committee set up in Tripoli and charged with making
contacts which will permit the holding of an OAU summit before the end of
the year. He thanked President Abdou Diouf for the warm welcome and the
African hospitality which were accorded him. [Text] [AB101055 Daka Domestic
Service in French 2200 GMT 9 Sep 82]

TRAORE LEAVES OUAGADOUGOU FOR NAIMEY--President Moussa Traore continues his
tour within the framework of the mission assigned to the committee of six
heads of state to solve the OAU crisis. He was in Ouagadougou this morning
while he is expected to be in Niamey soon. The crisis, it will be recalled,
was caused by the admission of the SDAR. This decision marred the holding
of the 19th sumait in Tripoli. [Excerpt] [AB131553 Bamako Domestic Service
in French 1500 GMT 13 Sep 82]

cso: 4719/1402

34



EXPATRIATES BEAT LOCALS ON EXPERIENCE

Harare BUSINESS HERALD in English 2 Sep 82 p 3

[Text]

The private sector
made nearly 82 per-
cent of the work per
mit applications sub-
mitted during three
months at the end of
last year.

Giving this and a num-
ber of other statistics in
the latest issue of its
Manpower Information
Services (MISS) publica-
tion, the Ministry of Man-
power Planning and De-
velopment noted that Zim-
babwean employers
preferred to recruit
foreign workers because
of their experience, in fa-
vour of locals.

Of the 404 applications
to the Government, says
MISS, 331 came from the
private sector while
Government departments
made only 45 applications
and parastatals, 28.

There 'was a higner de-
mand for graduates, in
particular, graduate civil
engineers, than for skilled
people with other
qualifications.

The MISS analysr
showed that the private
sector made a substantia)
demand for graduate ad-
ministrators “often thes:
were relatives of the
management/owners __ of
the companies in Zim-
babwe"’.

The ministry did not
regard this field as im-
portant enough to war-
rant foreign recruitment
because’ local training and
recruitment “can easily
solve the problem”,

96

Repeated _ throughout
the publication is the be-
lief that private ‘business
often turned down ap-
plications from qualified
Zimbabweans on the
grounds that they had
“little or no experience”.

“It is difficult to establ-
ish whether this demand
for foreign personnel 1s an
indication of a shortage
area or not, because our
records show that there is
a number of Zimbabweans
with the relevant
qualifications,” says
MISS.

The ministry was dis-
satisfied by the reaction
of employers to workers
referred to them from the
manpower data bank
(MANDATA) “because
very often they reject
them”.

The MISS __ report
pointed out an apparently
contradictory situation
where the country had a
large reserve of mostly
British-trained engineers
unemployed while in-
dustry continued to de-
mand the external recruit-
ment of engineers of all
categories.

“If our engineers cannot
be employed because they
lack experience, how and
where are they going to
get the experience they
require? Or maybe the
problem of experience 18
used as a smokescreen to
hide the real reason be-
hind this bizarre state of
affairs.”

‘The ministry suggested
that companies take local
inexperienced engineers
and train them for jobs

ZIMBABWE



AN

FIGURE 1 RECURRENT REVENUE &
EXPENDITURE 1977/78 — 1982/83

N

37