"In addition, steps were taken to assure the solidity of the earth under the
foundations by pouring cement over the terrain surrounding the present founda-
tions in such a way as to guarantee that they will be better protected against
future erosions," our informant said.

"The earnest determination," he continued, "shown thus far by the workers di-
recetly involved in the undertaking leads us to foresee the completion of
operations within the time specified, that is, in May of 1984."

With a length of 762 meters, a width of 11.20 meters and a roadway strip
measuring 7.20 meters, the bridge over the Zambeze River in Tete is of parti-
cular importance because of its location and is very especially so for the
countries that are members of the SADCC [South African Development Coordina-
tion Conference]. It plays an important role in the flow of commodities be~
tween Zimbabwe and Malawi, across Mozambique.

The overall administration of the undertaking is guaranteed’ by the department
of Roads and Bridges of the ministry of Construction and Waters, the
financing comes from the Kuwait fund and the government of the RPM [Peoples
Republic of Mozambique]. Supervision and control over operations is the
responsibility of Hidrotecnica Portuguesa, as associate of Roughton and
Partners, a British firm.

8089
CSO: 3442/98

13



SOUTH AFRICA

EDITORIAL COMMENT ON BLACK LOCAL ELECTION RESULTS
Black Politics
Johannesburg RAPPORT in Afrikaans 4 Dec 83 p 16

[text] It was reported this week that black municipal elections had been reason-
ably successful.

In spite of boycotts and intimidation and in spite of blacks not being accustomed
to participating in elections, the overall voting percentage was not bad.

All is not going well, however.

In the article on the adjoining page we will try to inform our readers about the
Kind of politics being discussed in black homes.

Indications are as follows: blacks do not accept the current political system
meted out to them; they demand one or another form of majority government; the

willingness still present to make compromises with whites could disappear entire-
ly in the future; and in their circles great emphasis is being put on early
deliberation.

We emphasize those things in order to further establish the sense of urgency in
our policy, for the most pressing item on the agenda for a reform policy is a
compromise formula for blacks.

Such a compromise formula will ultimately be found only through a sustained mutual
deliberation between the government and black leaders.

Considerable preliminary work is necessary, however, before deliberation can start
successfully.

Leaders who will participate have to be identified; a structure has to be devised
for the deliberations; an agenda must be drawn up; certain goals must be planned;
methods of communication must be considered.

The cabinet committee on urban blacks probably is already involved in the prelimi-
nary work. It is clear to us that one form of compromise or another is the only

way out,

34



He was interrogated afterwards by agents of the US Central Intelligence Agency
(CIA) for 11 days during which he made startling disclosures about the extent
of the information he had passed on to the Soviets.

This included intelligence on Nato and British defence systems.

It also appeared from the interrogation that Gerhardt had visited the Soviet
Union no less than five times for training and in-depth debriefings. Ruth ac-
companied him twice.

Some of the disclosures by Gerhardt were so sensitive that they could not be
published in South Africa without contravening the Defence Act.

One of the spin-offs of the unmasking of the Gerhardts was the capture of a
Soviet agent on January 25 last year by Swiss intelligence.

He arrived at Zurich Airport on a tourist visa under the name of Mikhail
Nikolayev, and was alleged to be the Gerhardt's contact with Soviet intelli-
gence. According to reports the man has refused to reveal any information of
value to his interrogators.

Reassessment Necessary

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 3 Jan 84 p 4

{Article by Tony Stirling]

[Text]

THE Dieter Gerhardt
affair — involving sus-
pected disclosures of
the most delicate kind

to the Soviet Union — upon in the face of a man- his Soviet spymasters with *
will for years to come datory United Nations their first intelligence on
result in a reassess-  msembargo. the French Exocet, mis-

ment of South Africa’s
counter-intelligence
procedures.

It can be taken as read

that the type of intelli- -

gence the 2m-tal! Com-
modore Dieter Gerhardt
was able to supply to his
Russian spymasters over
the past 20 years was ac-

capability and strike pow-
er, as well reveal the high-
ly sensitive sources of
supply the country relied

American intelligence
indicates that the implica-
tions of his disclosures
may have been even more
damaging to the United
Kingdom and the North
Atlantic Treaty Organisa-
tion (Nato).

Gerhardt was picked
up by FBI agents in
Washington in Janvary,

revealed not only the de-
tails of British naval
weapons systems, includ-
ing missiles, but supplied

siles. .

Gerhardt, who ‘passed
out of the Simonstown
Naval Academy as the
‘Sword of Honour winner,
was sent to Britain. for
further training — a fact
which the British author-
ities confirm.

From a South African
point of view, it is fortu-

curate to the last detail. after American’ intelli- nate that through Arm-
Cadre Gerhardt had ac- gence had received a tip- scor it has been able to

.- 9688 fo top secret informa- off from a Soviet intelli- develop an __ internal
Gon and as a trained mar- gence defector. He was weapons industry to an

ine engineer, the ability
to absorb the facts at a

It can thus be deduced
that he was able to give
the Russians chapter‘and
verse‘on the‘development
of South Africa’s military

interrogated for 11 days
during which he made
known the extent of his
disclosures to the Rus-
sions concerning British
naval and Nato secrets.
American’ intelligence
documents say Gerhardt

30

extent where the country
is almost totally self-re-
liant and thus any disclo-
sures Gerhardt may have
made about sources of
supply have become less
significant. ’
However, in cases



NDP LEADER ON NIC REACTION TO CONSTITUTIONAL REFORMS

Durban THE GRAPHIC in English 16 Dec 83 p 4

[Letter to the editor]

{Text ]

cso:

3400/496

Sir,

According to the
Printe Minister, Mr P.W.
Botha, the Indians and
Coloureds could have a
referendum if they
wanted one. Yet chaos
is rife in my commun-
ity as prominent mem-
bers of the public are of
the opinion that there
would not be a'referen-
dum held for’ the In-
dians, To add to the
confusion, the SAIC
hag become reluctant to
opt for a referendum.
Furthermore, the call
for a boycott of the
UDF has only added
more ‘fuel to the fire’.

It is rather ironical
that not a single South
African. has appealed to
the White voters to
boycott the White Ref-
erendum, although
there. may be those who:
called for a ‘no’ vote.
Even if Chief Buthelezi
could appear for a ‘no’
vote, then why is the
UDF calling for a

85

boycott? For an organ-
ization to call itself
‘democratic’ appears to
be rather inconsiderate,
as democracy, defined
simply, is the free will
of the people, and yet
they cannot exercise
their democratic rights.
Mr MJ. Naidoo of
the NIC has stated that
‘there was a “fairly
strong” feeling among
members that the com-
munity should take
part in a referendum
and register a strong no
vote’. It is time Mr Nai-
doo ‘grew up’ and stop-
ped his ‘pulling of wool’
over the people’s eyes
because there is a ‘very
strong’ feeling among
his members, not only
to participate in a
referendum but to
participate in the
Constitutional Pro-
posals,
Mohamed Ishaq Khan
Leader — National
Democratic Party
PO Box 85
Harding

SOUTH AFRICA


However, much will have to be done before all those things take place, and in that
process many toes will have to be stepped on.

If Portugal should succeed in the good intentions it appears to have now, everyone
will have to admit that the political role of Lisbon is not yet over in Africa.

SA Policy on Namibia
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 30 Nov 83 p 12
[Eaitorial: "Southwest Winds" ]

[Text] South Africa is undeniably facing a difficult phase with respect to foreign
relations and in particular with respect to the Southwest.

It was the United States which originally set the condition of Cuban withdrawal from
Angola as a condition for a settlement. South Africa supported that for many valid
reasons.

Both the Commonwealth and the general assembly of the United Nations now have put
the ‘greatest pressure on SA with respect to that condition.

If the possibility existed for that condition to be met, it would have meant a
victory of prestige in foreign policy for President Reagan. He would have been
able to enter the presidential election with a settlement in the Southwest and a
victory over Soviet expansionism in southern Africa.

With the successes of UNITA, the Angolan government is clinging more than ever to
the Cubans, and the Southwest situation has reached another dead end again.

The result is that the Reagan administration is now being scolded by both foreign
and domestic opponents about its relation with South Africa.

South Africa will have to prepare itself for stronger pressure not only from the
OAU and the United Nations, but also from Washington.

SW Fisheries Issue
Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 29 Nov 83 p 8
[Editorial: "Alarming! "7

{Text] The fishing industry along the southern African coast is a source of con-
siderable income for many countries which are active in that fish-rich area.

But the plundering of the fish resources in the territorial water of South-West
Africa by unscrupulous communist countries cannot be tolerated.

The report of the Sea Fisheries department, in which a veil is put over the
alarming situation and inappropriate practices is appaling. The transgressors

39



To Play the Game

During the last session of the legislature, did he not, in a.debate, push au-
dacity so far as to call to order Charles Njonjo, then the minister for constitu-
tional affairs, who in a speech had "jumped" ‘from Swahili to English, when the
rule requires the use of only one language from beginning to end of a speech?

"Racism is absolutely foreign to Africans," Philip Leakey assures us. "It was
colonialism that introduced that concept on the continent." But this political
weapon, which some think it is clever to use, seems to him to have become total-
ly "out of date." The future causes him no fear; he envisages it serenely be-
cause, he says, "the constitution of the country guarantees the rights of all
Kenyans, and I am a Kenyan like the rest of them."

"Either you play the game or you don't; either you are a citizen of a country
or you aren't,'' he adds, denouncing, in that connection, the "unhealthy situa-
tion" of the white community in Zimbabwe, which has struggled to have its privi-
leges recognized. But history teaches that privileges always end up, sooner or
later, by fading away.

In his opinion it is "frankly ridiculous" that a certain number of seats in
Zimbabwe's parliament had been reserved for whites. The only explanation he
finds for this "anomaly" is that "the whites don't have the political courage
to confront the blacks‘around an urn."

To Philip Leakey, the secret of success "is to identify completely with the coun-
try one lives in, and no one can succeed in doing that. if he is hanging onto his
privileges." What will be the fate of white communities in Africa? If it hap-
pens that one day they have to pack up and get out, in his opinion "it will be
because their members have not conducted themselves like good citizens, because
they have refused to fight for the fatherland they adopted for better or worse."

Philip Leakey feels good in his skin, no more ill at east in Nairobi than a
little Irish or Italian immigrant boy in New York or Philadelphia. He takes his
country as it is and defends it relentlessly. "I entirely approve of the one-
party system," he insists. "Kenya can't treat itself to the luxury of internal
struggles that would compromise its development. There are few countries in the
world where the leaders spend so much time preaching unity."

"Those who are at the head of the state owe their position to their merits alone,"
he says with a certain candor, '"In the so-called advanced democracies, a man
takes second place to the party, which explains the inferior quality of leader-
ship personnel."

A "Great Honor''

Philip Leakey, like any deputy, is acquainted with the glory and the constraints
of the profession of public man. At the end of his first term in Parliament, he
showed a balance sheet which he says earned him the favor of the voters. He also
collected, in voluntary contributions--the Harambee system, or community system,
that was dear to Jomo Kenyatta--11 million Kenyan shillings, about 6.6 million
francs, to build schools and social facilities in his district. He found work
for 8,000 unemployed; the fact that Nairobi's industrial area is situated in his



PEOPLES"

CONGRESS PARTY URGED TO PURSUE NON-VIOLENT CHANGE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 Dec 83 p 11

[Text ]

CAPE TOWN. — Con-
structive ‘and aggressive
participation in, the new
constitution appeared to
be the only route to non-
violent constitutional
change in South Africa, a
constitutional expert said
in Cape Town.

Professor G E Deven-
ish, Professor of Constitu-
tional Law at the Univer-
sity of Bophuthatswana,
warned that extra-parlia-
mentary strategy — al-
‘though not. necessarily il-
legal — “must inevitably
lead to violent conflict
and confrontation”.

‘Addressing the annual

Congress Party in Elsies
River on Wednesday as
guest speaker, he said it
was important that com-

tent and influential
Readers should participate
in the new constitutional
system.

The decisions of the
Coloured and Asian com-
munities at the present
time could decisively in-
fluence the constitutional
and political future of
South Africa.

Unsound

Prof Devenish said the
1983 . Constitution was
“fundamentally ~ flawed
and unsound”. Its basic
defect was the absence of
legitimacy.

“But the new constitu-

67

‘ton, with all its flaws and in-

ies, -does have a
certain potential for re-
form. It is essential that
all the avenues be ex-
plored and exploited in
order to advance the

parliament,
and Ministers’ Councils

would occupy positions of
authority and influence.

. Challenge

They would constantly
confront the ruling Nat-
ional Party with the real
problems of South Africa
and would be able to
champion the cause of
civil liberties.

‘The fact that people of
colour would be able to
occupy the highest posit-
ions in the land would
bring about #*change of
attitude to people of
colour and promote bet-
terrace relations.

Prof Devenish said a

great struggle lay ahead
Er the Coloured people.

The United Demo-
cratic Front (UDF) was
influential and had some
good leaders.

A co-ordinated and
imaginative strategy by all
the Coloured leaders and

SOUTH AFRICA


NATION'S ABILITY TO MEET FERROCHROME DEMAND NOTED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 20 Dec 83 p 17M

{Article by Duncan Collings]

[Text]

-eripp

South African ferrochrome pro-
ducers should have no trouble
meeting world demand for their
product in 1984, says Mr John
Hall, chairman of Middelburg
Steel and Alloys. 7
He said that thjs would be de-
spite a rapid increase in offtake
in the first six months
of wnext year as the world eco-
nomic recovery gets into top

year. es

Mr Hall was reacting to a re-
port from The Star’s correspon-
dent in Tokyo, Geoffrey Murray,
that Japanese steel mills are
‘facing the very real prospect of
a shortage of high-carbon fer-
rochrome at least in the first. six
months of next year.

Their key concern is whether
South Africa will be able to sup-
‘ply sufficient tonnage to: make
up for a planned reduction in
adomestic ferrochrome produc-
‘tion.

If not, local ferro-alloy
makers may have to revise their
plans for a continued scale-
down of production.

Unable to'compete with low-
priced imports, particularly
from South Africa, localpro-
ducers have -been gradually re-
ducing ‘operations to cut their

ling business losses and
stay out of the bankruptcy
court.

Several electric furnaces
were scheduled to be shut down
in’ 1984, and this was expected to
cut output by a further 50000
tons. Production this year has

49

already been cut by about the
same amount — from last
year’s 322 000 tons to 272000
tons.

The steel mills accepted this
as they anticipated making up
the shortfall by extra purchases
from South Africa.

But according. to well-in-
formed industry sources, such a
plan is now in doubt.

According to the sources,
‘American buyers have been
‘most active in taking up South
African output well into 1984,
and there are doubts in Tokyo
whether even’ the planned pro-
duction increase in the Republic
will. be sufficient to meet
Japan's extra needs,

There is little hope that Zim-
babwe can ‘fill the gap. Pro-
ducers will need most of next
year to develop its capacity.

The Japanese mills also mis-
calculated what they could get
from. the Philippines, which has
also been actively signing 1984
supply contracts with the United
States, which has no. domestic
ferrochrome production.

As a‘result,-industry sources
see the 4 that ferroalloy
makers in Japan will be com-
pelled to. réconsider their pro-
duction cutback plan.

Some firms, ‘in fact, have al-
ready. begun ‘this process, espe-
cially in looking “for a good
source of low-priced chrome ore
that will enable them to main-
tain a Teasonably viable opera-
tion and keep their steel mil)

SOUTH AFRICA


PREREQUISITES FOR INDIAN PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS LISTED

Durban THE GRAPHIC in English 23 Dec 83 p 4

[Article by Sadiq Alli:

[Text]

As we wind up the last
days of 1983 and gear
up to meeting the chal-
lenges of 1984, the most
immediate cone to face
up to. is the tricameral
parliament ‘which will
come into being next year.

That it will is a cer-
tainty. For there is very
little likelihood of ‘the
Labour Party, at its forth-
coming January congress,

denying its own decision -

this year at Eshowe. After
all, it was in Chief Gatsha

Buthelezi’s home tertitory ‘

that, knowing all the time

his strong epposition tothe

proposed Constitution by

reason of its non-provision

for Blacks, the Labour

Party voted solidly for a
es

WASTE NOT

Its leaders, principally
the Rev. Alan Hendrickse,
Mr David Curry and Mr
Jac Rabie have been
through “traumatic days,
and they wouldn't want to
see it all wasted. The wish-
ful speculation after Mr
Curry’s . resignation "as
Labour Party chairman was
fascinating.

White PFP journalists
did not know that this

was, after all, a real broed- .

ertwis between the brothers
Rabie and Cuny with
papa Hendrickse failing to
support the elder son. And
so, in spite of Mr Curry’s

“insistence that he temain-

ed all for the 1983 Con-
stitution, and their’ wish
being -the father of their
thought, they saw into
it all a Labour Party split.
But no split has come.
TIME & MONEY
Whether the Labour

47

"It Does Stink, Mr Heunis!"]

Party may feel obliged to
insist upon a referendum
is moot, for it is becoming
increasingly clear that there
is neither time nor money
to waste on referenda in
the Coloured and Indian
groups. In any event, itis
the whites who wield the
political’ power. Mr P.W.
Botha needed their per-
mission to make con
cessions to .the brown
groups.

Meanwhile the Indian
and Coloured groups can
take up the opportunities
presented and make use of
them to create more
chances not only for their
‘own groups but for their
black brethren aswell.
Elections in June provide
the most sensible method.
And only the most foolish
will want to foist two

. different ‘ballots upon the

public within a four or
five-month period.

THREE FIRSTS

But there are three
pre-requisites to _parlia-
mentary elections’for the
Indian community are con-
‘cerned.

First, there must be @
proper demarcation of con-
stituencies with concomit-
ant updating of electoral
rolls.

Second there should be
Steps taken to ensure that
persons who want to go
to the polls-are not intimi-
dated or threatened or
harassed in any way, Un-
like .as applies in certain
democracies such as Aus-
tralia, voting is not com-
pulsory, 60 it is not an of-
fence for anyone to try
and stop others from vot-
ing. But since the act of

SOUTH AFRICA


RAPID GROWTH OF EAST RAND CITY DESCRIBED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 3 Jan 84 p7

[Article by Anton Harber]

[Text]

EKANGALA — intended to be
‘one of the biggest townships in
South Africa within 17 years —
is rising rapidly out of the
dusty veld near Bronkhorst-
spruit, 100km north-east of Jo-
hannesburg.

The East: Rand Administration
Board (Erab) has already built the
first 620 houses of a scheme intend-
ed to create a township of $00 000
people in 52 000 houses by the year

The importance of the scheme is im-
mense, for it signals crucial new
itterns in the way the region is to
devel and in the implemen-
tation of influx control.

‘The scheme was described in Growth
magazine, the publication of the
Corporation for Economic Devel-
opment, as the “first and most dra-
matic manifestation of the Gov-
sana ee new policy of

ion”.

Its importance is underlined by the
fact that finance for the project is
coming directly from the central
Government, which spent R14-mil-
lion on it this year and is planning
to the same

next year.
It is accompanied by Ekindustria, an
industrial ‘area intended to
attract a huge amount of manufac-

ness.

Already, according to Erab officials,
200ha of land has been set aside
and all of it has already been ear-
marked for specific firms.

‘The plan is that by the 2000, at
Toda e7Sha of ood wil be devel
oped for industrial use.

If drive to Bronkhorstspruit,
Willsee a small sign saying “kan.
gala” shortly before you reach this
small town.

If you turn off the main Toad and

53

follow the sign down a small dirt
road, you will find a new cluster
of houses rising out of a barren and
empty field. -

‘This is Ekangala. It is immediately
striking because it is not being
built in the patterns of the town-
ships we have become accustomed

Gone are the straight rows of dowdy,
identical matchbox houses. The

luxury, it

* from the style of Transvaal town-
ships in the past. -,

“Nowadays we apply modern town
planning when we, build these

- townships,” the head‘¢f Erab, Mr
Charles Marx, said in an inter-
view. The streets aré not straight,
but follow the natural contours of

‘the land. Some of the houses are
set back from the.road, some sit
closer to the road. Their size
ranges between two and four bed-
rooms.

In some ways, the design has not
changed. There are only one
or two access roads, probably for
security reasons.

‘The official purpose of building such
a township, according to Mr Marx,
is to relieve the pressure on the
PWV area.

“The PWV population has already
outgrown the infrastructure of the
area. Decentralisation is absolute-
ly necessary.

“It would be better to move now to
areas where land is not so expen-
sive and labour is cheaper.

“Bkangala is just outside the PWV
area, 80 it is still within its sphere
of influence. It is not so far for
people to commute to the East

nd, for example,” he said.

SOUTH AFRICA



SOUTH AFRICA

RAJBANSI'S PUBLICITY-SEEKING BLASTED
Durban THE GRAPHIC in English 16 Dec 83 p 4
[Editorial: "Just Plain Pitiable"]

[Text] But for the tremendous publicity given to him by the Natal Indian
Congress, Mr Amichand Rajbansi would no doubt have remainted what he has al-
ways been--a cunning politician who showed conniving ability to trim his po-
litical sails to suit the changing winds.

At a time when the community was still laughing at his promise (observed only
in gross dishonour) of going into the SAIC in order to “destroy it", the
N.I.C. built up his image. Unintentionally, of course.

But clearly that was not enough to remove the tarnish that Mr Rajbansi himself
heaped upon his own image by the disgraceful manner in which he has interfered
with the accepted and true course of Indian education.

In an area where even the most brazen politician would hesitate to interfere
lest there be suggestions of favouritism, Mr Rajbansi has grandiloquently mis-
used the powers that the Minister of Internal Affairs had previously delegated
to the SAIC Executive. This has not only, quite predictably and perfectly un-
derstandably, roused the ire of the Indian teaching profession, but most of
the community have been alarmed at the disastrous effects this will have upon
education.

But what is tremendously laughable is the fact that Mr Rajbansi claims credit
for the SAIC (and for himself) in respect of the huge funds voted for Indian
education by the Nationalist Government. And for the very, very tardy and ex-
tremely limited enhancement in the emoluments to the lower-qualified but ex-
perienced Indian teachers who have given yeoman service to the community.

All this is the result of hard work put in over the years by people like J. N.
Reddy and Ahmed Moolla and Gabriel Krog. But this swaggering man pretends he
did it all. What a sad spectacle. What a pitiable state has the SAIC fallen
into!

CSO: 3400/496



SOUTH AFRICA

NRP LEADER ON PARTY'S POLICY
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 23 Nov 83 p 11

[Report on interview with NRP (New Republic Party) Leader Vause Raw, by
Erika Petit-Du Plessis: "NRP May Become Official Opposition} date not given]

[text] Durban--The New Republic Party could become the official opposition party
within the next 4 years, said the leader of the party, Mr Vause Raw, to DIE

VADERLAND in Durban.

Mr Raw's party figures are no longer so essential. "The NRP could make a greater
contribution than the KP [Conservative Party] or PFP [Progressive Federal Party]
at this moment. I am sure there is a possibility that we will become the official
opposition within the next 4 years."

The NRP has supported the new constitution because the basic idea is precisely
that of the NRP. "It is our basic principle. The idea itself is new and strange
to the NP [National Party]. We have advocated a confederacy since 1978.
Initially the NP wanted nothing to do with it. Now our party's thinking is ac-
cepted in principle."

Mr Raw says that today's NP is really the old United Party. "The NRP is 5 years
ahead of the old United Party policy. The NP has adopted the old United Party

policy to a great extent."

There are clear differences between the NRP and the NP. One of the big differ-
ences is that of local options instead of group areas. The Immorality Act and
Mixed Marriages Act are also monstrosities which must be eliminated, said the
leader of the NRP.

The NRP has not lost its identity by voting Yes together with the NP in the
recent referendum. "It was a Yes-vote for reform in South Africa. I clearly

indicated to the NP that it is not a Yes-vote for them."

Mr Raw says he is convinced that many members of the PFP now would support the
NRP in an election.

“The PFP has deceived its members for a long time with clever talk. Their true
color came out with the recent referendum. Their policy is one of ‘one person,
one vote,’ and persons who at first. were deceived know better now."

45



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS FACTORY .REACTIVATED--PROMAC, the company which produces
building materials in Sofala, is manufacturing 3,000 cubic meters of "madel"
/translation unknown/ sheets, formed of wood and mineralized cement; this .
partially uses the factory's builtin capacity of 7,800 cubic meters. Inocentes
Vembana, head of this state-run firm, told DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE that this type
of sheet can be produced because the workers repaired the equipment in the
factory located in Dondo, Sofala Province, early this year. Our interviewee
said that the factory, with 42 workers, was shut down approximately 6 years
because its former owners had sabotaged the equipment and fled. Vembana, an
engineer, also said that this production unit made "madel" sheets of 2 meters
by .5 meters with widths varying from 5 cm to 7.5 cm. The weight of each sheet
depends on its width, ranging from 8.5 kg to 28'kg. This civil engineer, who
specializes in buildings and bridges, went on to speak of the technical character-
istics of "madel" sheets, stressing that this material provides good insulation
and is very economical. (/Text/ /Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese

8 Dec 83 p 3/ 9479

BLAST FURNACES INSTALLED--The recent installation of two blast furnaces at
FEMOL /Mozambique Enamel Factory/ will triple the productivity of the firm, the
only one of its kind in the country. The factory, which was shut down for more
than 5 years because of sabotage by its former manager who later fled Mozambique,
is preparing a project to use trash and unused, often discarded byproducts of
raw materials. According to initial calculations, that source of often unused
iron byproducts could be a potential source of raw materials for FEMOL produc—
tion. Three technicians came from Maputo and one Portuguese specialist came
from a firm doing this type of work to install the two blast furnaces which
cost more than the construction of four five-story buildings. FEMOL produces
household items like plates, pans, basins and other items in enamel, in approxi-
mately 24 sizes. /Text/ /Beira DIATRO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 3 Dec 83

p 27 9479

17



Apparently the black leaders propose a unitary state. The unitary state has al-
ready been rejected by the whites with tenable arguments.

In the upcoming political negotiations, we will have to come with proposals which
can draw viable support from both blacks and whites.

The proposals will have to contain much more than the current fourfold political
policy for blacks, namely ..independent states, national states, independent munici-
palities and development aid.

All parties concerned=-white and black--will have to prepare themselves to find
meaningful compromises.

Also this matter cannot be permitted too long a period to evolve.

Black Votes

Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 6 Dec 83 p 20

[Text] One could talk for a long time about what the results of the various black
city council elections, which were held recently, precisely mean. The voting per-
centages attained in the Rand areas of Dobsonville, Soweto and Diepmeadow were,
respectively, 23.5 percent, 10.7 percent and 14.6 percent. Elsewhere they were
slightly higher.

No doubt there are those who claim that such low percentages amoufitto a "rejection"
of the new government system. Just as there are probably people who consider the
voting percentages to be realistic. The truth probably lies somewhere in between.

One should accept that the continued pressure by the Committee of Ten, the United
Democratic Front and AZAPO [Azanian People's Organization] made many people afraid
to vote. Inkatha did not want to participate in the elections either, apparently
in order not to cause further bad feelings between it and the ANC. Nevertheless,
a much greater number of people showed up at the voting booth than a few years ago
when there was an election for municipal councils.

Thus the test for the new councils liesin how they will represent the interests of
black voters rather than in how many voters voted for them. The manner in which
plack voters ousted Soweto's former "mayor," Mr David Thebehali, and his vice
chairman, indicates that voters are indeed capable of distinguishing between the
functions and how they are carried out.

Black Elections
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 6 Dec 83 p 18

[text] It is self-evident that the government and those who generally support its
policy toward urban blacks would have welcomed higher voting percentages in the
elections held so far to elect, the first black local governments in certain parts
of the country. Simultaneously, it would be unwise for opponents of the govern-
ment policy to accept the results too hastily as a large-scale rejection of the
new system.

35



In light of this dangerous course of events, we wish to ask for greater
honesty on the part of the government. It is simply not good enough that the
nation should only now be told of previous talks with the Russians, to name

but one matter.

It is better to be told the truth, no matter how unpleasant it may be.
Especially after 1976.

cso: 3401/46

66



Editorial Comment on Foreign Policy Issues
(Various sources, various dateS)....ccececevcccccccccuccecs

Possible SA-Portugal Talks on Mozambique, Editorial
SA Policy on Namibia, Editorial

SW Fisheries Issue, Editorial

On Role of Koevoet in Namibia, Editorial

Mugabe Statements, Editorial

Israeli Policy Toward Homelands, Editorial

IMF Policy in South Africa, Editorial

Nuclear Weapons Issue, Editorial

Cartoon on U.S. Role

NRP Leader on Party's Policy
(Erika Petit-Du Plessis; DIE VADERLAND, 23 Nov 83)........

Prerequisites for Indian Parliamentary Elections Listed
(Sadiq Alli; THE GRAPHIC, 23 Dec 83)....esceesececveesees

Nation's Ability To Meet Ferrochrome Demand Noted
(Duncan Collings; THE STAR, 20 Dec 83) ...cceececessceceees

Islamic Council Official Replies to SAIC Chairman's Letter
(R A M Salojee; RAND DAILY MAIL, 30 Dec 83)....eeeceeeeees

Rapid Growth of East Rand City Described
(Anton Harber; RAND DAILY MAIL, 3 Jan 8G).....eceeeceecees

Liberals! Criticism of Referendum Hit
(Editorial; THE GRAPHIC, 23 Dec 83)....secseeveceeceecsecs

Rajbansi's Publicity-Seeking Blasted
(Editorial; THE GRAPHIC, 16 Dec 83)..

UDF Message for 1984 Issued
(RAND DAILY MAIL, 31 Dec 83)...

Political, Religious Sectionalism Denounced
(Sadiq Alli; THE GRAPHIC, 16 Dec 83).......

NAAWU Men Meet International Union in Germany
(SOWETAN, 4 Jan 84)..

Signs of Economic Recovery Reported
(Daan de Kock; THE CITIZEN, 4 Jan 84) ..cccccscsccccccccecs

BEELD Points to Dangers of Angolan Confrontation
(Editorial; BEELD, 10 Jan 84) ....cscecceccccccccccceseveee

38

45

47

49

51

53

55

57

58

59

60

61

63


SOUTH AFRICA

INDIAN JOBLESS FIGURES SPIRAL
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 31 Dec 83 p 3
[Text] DURBAN--The number of unemployed Indians has tripled since last year.

Mr Baldeo Dookie, an executive member of the South African Indian Council in
charge of manpower and housing said yesterday that from September, 1982 up to
August this year, a total of 5 681 Indian men and 1 533 Indian women were un~
employed in South Africa.

The highest number of unemployed Indians were from Durban, where 5 234 men and
1 389 women were "walking the streets" in search of jobs.

“We are perturbed by the increase in the number of unemployed Indians," he
said, adding that the Town and Regional Planning Commission had predicted a
steep rise in the number of people unemployed in the Durban and Pietermaritz-
burg area as early as 1978.

"The commission suggested an outward migration of job seekers as one of the
possible ways of easing the problem because of the limited employment oppor-
tunities in the Durban metropolitan area.'

Mr Dookie said the unemployment problem was expected to be compounded by hun-
dreds of Indian students who recently matriculated and could not be accommo-
dated at training colleges.

“At least 2 500 Indian matriculants will be out looking for jobs early in the
New Year," he added.

The SAIC, he said, was doing everything possible to get the Government to en-
courage industrialists to build more factories in the growth points to create
more job opportunities.

"With the development of housing for Indians in the Transvaal we hope the ac-
commodation problem of workers there will be solved. There are lots of job
opportunities for Indians there, but lack of accommodation had been a stum-
bling block."

CSO: 3400/496
69



CSO:

If the UDF had the
support it claimed, it
should demonstrate this
by participation in elec-
tions. If it were to win
such an election, then it
could negotiate with the
Government.

Doubtful

Prof Devenish sug-
gested that a referendum
to test Coloured’ opinion
on the constitution might
be . -indispensable.- It
would be needed to give
Coloured _ participation
legitimacy.

It was doubtful if a

conducted by ex-
perts, could provide the
same legitimacy.

A referendum would
impose’ a heavy financial
burden on the Coloured
people, but it might be
possible to combine a re-
ferendum ‘and parliamen-
tary elections. °

He ‘also recommended

-a “powerful and well-

3400/499

marked” declaration of
intent by Coloured and
Asian leaders and politi-
cal parties.

Such a declaration
could set out principles
and strategy, including a
commitment to partici-
pation and non-violent
change and a commit-

ment to work for a multi-
racial and democratic
South Africa.

Other aims could in-
clade a mixed economic
policy, a dedication to a
compassionate _ society,
the restoration of the rule
of law and civil liberties
and the socio-economic

ed communities.
* It would bé -folly to
underestimate the

strength and inftuence of
‘people and organisations
opposed to participation
in the constitution.
Suspicion

Decades of institutio-
nalised discrimination
had fostered a profound
suspicion and intense
hatred of the national
party.

The of in-
creased Poon t terrorism
and ‘conflict remained
very real. South Africa
could “slide inexorably
into a Northern Ireland
situation in which re-
‘conciliation would be im-
possible”, the professor
said.



SOWETO POWER BILLS REPORTED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 4 Jan 84 p 1

[Article by Len Maseko]

[Text]

cso:

3400/499

THE Soweto Council is
still faced with a huge
electricity deficit of over
R2-million — all owed
by township household-
ers in power bills.

And there is fear that
this figure could rise
dramatically within the
next few months consid-
ering that all of Soweto’s
105 000 housing stock
should be having electri-
city later this year. At
present 36000 houses
are receiving electricity
while the rest have been
wired and inspected by
the complex’s engineer.

This was disclosed
yesterday by the coun-
cil’s director of finance,
Mr Irwin Florence, who
added that however,
scores of defaulters had
started paying to update
their accounts. Some
were facing arrears of up
to‘eight months and re-
cords showed that Or-
lando East had the high-
est figure of unpaid ac-
counts.

According to the
council’s statistics the
areas contributing to the
R2-million deficit were:
Mofolo (R199 000),
Zola (R109 000), Tladi
(R75 000), Senaoane

71

(R92 000), Dube
(R136 000), Pimville
(R272 000), Tshiawelo
(R41 000), White City
Jabavu (R55 000), Mo-
roka (R242 000), Or-
lando West (R483 000)
and Orlando East
(R710 000).

By the end of 1982,
the electricity payment
backlog had reached
R2,5-million.

Mr Florence could not
indicate what action his
council would take to re-
trieve the money but
said the matter would be
discussed at a council
meeting later this
month. Last year, hun-
dreds of Soweto resi-
dents appeared in the
Commissioner’s Court
for failing to pay their
electricity accounts.

Meanwhile Mr John
Knoetze, ‘chairman of
the West Rand Admin-
istration Board, said
yesterday that Greater
Soweto received its elec-
tricity from Escom, at 4
cents per unit. “Some
people may think that
the Board is making a
profit out of the charge,
all this money is paid to
Escom for the supply,”
he added.

SOUTH AFRICA


is a i fi iid Te gisii' ere
AnH aT uA |
HEE ae ry rh serrate aul Ql i

3400/499

cso:



MOZAMBIQUE

POSSIBLE USE OF DOMESTIC AMIANTHUS IN MANUFACTURE OF PLATES, PIPES
Beira DIARIO DE MOZAMBIQUE in Portuguese 5 Dec 83 p 3

[Text] Lusalite of Mozambique with headquarters in the Dondo District in
Sofala will next year begin an industrial and laboratory study of the
utilization of domestic raw materials in the manufacture of plates and
pipes.

According to an explanation given by one of the technicians of that manufactur-
ing unit, the project, in its first phase, anticipates the testing of a
mixture of amianthus M-2-C extracted from the Mavita mines with another, the
“Grade Four," imported from Zimbabwe.

The above technician, in reporting to Jose Carlos Lobo, minister of mineral
resources, on the fact that the project is being undertaken, also stressed
that the aforementioned program will be implemented in collaboration with
the structures of the Mavita mines, which are located in the Manica District.

In this context, a technical team of that mining complex was at the Lusalite
factory some days ago and was briefed on the processes now being employed in
the manufacture of plates with that raw material. Here the group witnessed
the differences existing between the amianthus produced in Mavita and that
imported from South Africa and Zimbabwe.

In that industrial unit the team also learned that a type of asbestos, M-2-C,
(a mineral from which amianthus is derived), similar to the "Grade Four,"
was also being extracted in Mavita. However, its fiber is very short and the
reserves of the mineral are on the verge of depletion.

According to information provided us at the site, the miners of Mavita had
said that they were going to make a study of the viability of improving the
quality of the amianthus M-2-C now being utilized so that they may make a
comparison with the raw material employed in the production of plates.

Armed with the samples gathered at the factory, the technical team will return
to Dondo with a purer variety of amianthus and proceed to conduct the tests.



cso:

3400/436

had bombed the important Btrategic
‘towns of Caiundo, Cahama and Cuvelai.
A Reuters report from Lisbon said
military analysts believed the current
South African operation against guer-
rillas to be its biggest in two years.
Swapo’s aim in its infiltration into
South West Africa during the rainy sea-
son is to cause havoc in the predomi-
nantly white farming areas south of
Owambo and Kavango — an event al-
most as fixed on the annual calendar as
the sometimes hesitant rainfall.
le in Windhoek, who see thing
jobal rather than regional scale,
have been wondering whether the latest
conflict in southern Angola coupled
with the astounding inroads and a; 7
sion of the forces of Dr Jonas Savimbi’s
rebel Unita forces, might result in the
installation of a new regime in Luanda.
They cannot decide whether sucha
government might be a coalition gov-
ernment of the ruling President Jose
Eduardo dos Santos and Dr Savimbi, or
a lone Savimbi government .which
would in turn have to embark on a
holding operation against ousted MPLA
ces,

‘With the unashamed strong talk from
‘the United States following its entry
into Grenada and its refusal to pull its
‘troops out of Lebanon, and the Soviet
backing of the Cuban forces who help

pu ‘theruling govetament in Ango-

, bar talk and coffee shop gossip in
South West Africa’s thirsty waterholes

fe.

All that is certain is that the United
States has a Presidential election this
‘year, South West Africa's indepene-
dence is on the horizon and nobody can
say how many soldiers and pieces of
armament are taking part in Africa’s
secret war.

The only people who can see the war.
are journalists acceptable to the Ango-
ian government who are prepared to be

around Angola, or those ac-
ceptable to Unita, who ake prepared to
be escorted to areas they control, or
members of the SADF.

But what they really see they cannot
necessarily write abcut in South Africa.
“After all, it is 1984.



MOZAMBIQUE

JUDGE EXPLAINS CITIZENS' RIGHT TO DEFENSE
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 14 Dec 83 p 4

[Text] When interviewed by our staff, Jose Abudo, a presiding judge for one of
the two Court of Appeals brigades for "Operation Production" in Sofala, said,
"It is important that everyone know that the accused has the basic right to
defense, guaranteed in the Constitution of the People's Republic of Mozambique."

"In compliance with this constitutional principle all courts acknowledge that
the defendant can defend himself against the charges ‘brought against him,"
said Jose Abudo who added that:

“How can the accused exercise this right when accused? He can present his
evidence in the form of documents or witnesses, he can be listened to attentively
when he explains the importance of the evidence and he can raise objections to
the judges’ statements; that is, not accept the judgment when impediments. have
been found, as spelled out in the law."

Jose Abudo continued, "The defendant has the same right when he selects a
lawyer to represent him, if he does not wish to use the court-appointed one--
lawyers trained for ‘Operation Production.’ In addition, he can also exercise
the right to defense, appealing to the court which sentences him."

Our interlocutor said that, in principle, the complaint is presented to the
court which studies the case in order to punish or acquit, thus allowing the
case to be carefully studied by the proper authority.

Moreover, he stressed that when the defendant requests a judicial review, the
court which sentences him must agree to this. Later it sends it for review
to the Court of Appeals ‘which may consider the case if the facts presented
warrant.

"When it is determined that the decision at the lower level clearly violates
the directives and guidelines of 'Operation Production,’ then the Court of
Appeals can review the case," stressed Judge Jose Abudo.

That judge told our reporter that, in order to allow poor people to exercise
their right to defense, staff members from the People's Provincial Court were
trained to explain it widely and educate the beneficiaries in the shipping
centers and help them draw up an appeal when necessary.

“We feel that this work has a positive value since all citizens can exercise
this right on equal footing and there will be no prejudice to those who have
justification but, because of ignorance, do not make use of this right,"

concluded Jose Abudo.

16

9
egos 3442/102



SOUTH AFRICA

GERHARDT SPY ACTIVITIES VIEWED AS BLOW TO SA INTELLIGENCE

"Biggest Blow' Ever Received
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 3 Jan 84 pp 1, 2
{Article by Tony Stirling]
[Text] THE spying activities of Commodore Dieter Gerhardt, former officer
commanding the Simonstown Naval Dockyard, constitute the biggest blow to South
African intelligence ever received and have done incalculable harm to Western
interests.
This is the assessment of the affair by security sources in Pretoria in the
wake of the 45-day secret trial in which Gerhardt and his second wife, Ruth,
were sentenced to life imprisonment and 10 years' respectively.
The couple, whose defence was based on the claim that Gerhardt was acting as a
double agent--a defence which the court rejected--have given notice they
intend applying for leave to appeal.
Among the aspects being speculated on in Pretoria are:

-~-A tightening of counter-intelligence systems in South Africa to avoid a pos-
sible repetition of the disastrous lapse;

--The possibility of a spy swop with the Soviets, probably involving the
United States which was responsible for Gerhardt's detection; and

--A review of known and probable disclosures made by Gerhardt to his Russian
spymasters with the intention of minimising the harmful effects.

Among the information to emerge is that without the disclosures of a Soviet
defector to US intelligence, Gerhardt and his wife, may have continued their
spying activities undetected.

Gerhardt, who spied for the Russians since 1964, was picked up by agents of
the FBI early in January last year.

29



the difficulties faced in the supplying of food.. They stressed that they un-
derstood the reasons for the shortage of foodstuffs, but they criticized
some of the mechanisms of the distribution system.

Outstanding among these criticisms was that involving the high number of
members in each cooperative, which stands in the way of efforts to improve the
organization. They expressed their disagreement with the idea of there being
a consumers' cooperative for each district and insisted on the need to
decentralize the cooperative.

Most of those present asked the first secretary of the city committee to be
given the opportunity and priority necessary for their political and military
development in order that they may be able to improve their capabilities both
with respect to the organization of. the daily newspaper of their places of
residence and in the defense of the city, especially with regard to a
permanent system of vigilance.

A Volunteer Effort without Privileges

At the end of the meeting, Jorge Rebelo applauded the clear and concise man-
ner in which these grass-roots leaders lent their assistance in reaching an
understanding of the problems of the entire society through the study of the
life of these organizations. He also applauded the volunteer effort, void of
privileges, made by these citizens to guarantee tranquility and to solve

the problems of the entire population.

8089
CSO: 3442/98

11



RELIABILITY OF BENSO STATISTICS DISPUTED

Cape Town THE CAPE TIMES in English 23 Dec 83 p 13

{Text]

cso:

3400/496

OFFICIAL statistics on
productivity, population
distribution and. in-
comes in the homelands
‘are “unreliable and in-
consistent”, according
to Mr Iraj Abedian of
the University of Cape
Town's Economics De-
,partment.

\ Mr Abedian has taken
‘a critical look at data
«eompiled by the Bureau
for Economic Research,
Co-operation and Devel-
opment (Benso) in a
‘working paper partly fi-
nanced by the Univers-

_ity of the Transkei.

It has been published
by the Southern African
Labour and Develop-
ment Research Unit
(Saldru) as part of the
second Carnegie inquiry:
into poverty and devel-
opment.

According to Mr Abe-
dian, Benso’s calcula-
tions “abound with er-
rors and inconsist-
encies’. Population
figures used for calcu-

lating GNP per capita’

differ from figures used
for calculating GDP per
capita, and both differ
from those of the De-
partment of Statistics.
Population. estimates
given by Benso in their
calculations differ by
46714 in Bophuthats-
wana, 327356 in Trans-
kei and 264 284 in Kwa-
zulu in 1977, he says.

According to Benso,

83

the population of
Lebowa was 1 149700 in
1970, but it uses a figure
of 1089833 for its own
estimation of GDP per
capita — a decrease of
5,2 percent.

Other “unexplained
anomalies” in Benso’s

_ demographic estimates

include sudden popula-
tion decreases in the
Ciskei and Kangwane
between 1970 and 1971.

He has also called
into question the defini-
tion of GDP applied to
the homelands by Benso
and its predecessor, the
Department of Statis-
tics, and argues that
these estimates do not
represent the true pro-
duction capacity of
these regions.

Certain sectors are in-
cluded which are fi-
nanced by external
sources, he says. Only 60

ercent.of the Trans-

ei’s GDP in 1980 was
attributable to pay-
ments generated within
the homeland and he es-
timates that 25 percent
of the GDP in fact came
from the Republic of
South. Africa.

He urges economists
and researchers to take
note of the “errors and
discrepancies” in the
statistics, which he says
are used by academics
and economic practi-
tioners who are “obliv-
ious to their shortcom-
ings”.

SOUTH AFRICA


LANGEBERG BADLY HIT. BY DROUGHT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 Dec 83 p 21

[Text]

cso:

3400/499

LANGEBERG_ Co-
operative lost R4-mil-
dion :for the : financial
year ending October,
after the realisation of
certain fixed assets. In
1982 the loss was R7,7-
million. .
The adverse effects of
the © drought, which
caused smaller produc-
tion volumes and higher
prices for raw materials,

is estimated at RS5-mil-,

lion.

Sales rose by 11,7 per-
cent to R229-million
(R205-million) . Jargely
thanks to greater demand
‘on the local market where
sales reached R157-mil-
lion (R134-million). In-
come from exports was

“little changed at R72-mil-

lion (R71-million).

The co-operative sold
9,5-million basic cartons
and produced 8,2-million.
‘The lower production vol-
ume being due to the
drought and to a con-
certed programme to re-
duce production in order
to. minimise interest on
stocks.

Apart from the

it, high interest
rates and difficult trading
conditions, in internat-
jonal markets were the
principal - reasons for
Langeberg’s disappoint-
ing results. .

Interest charges
amounted to almost as

70

much as Langeberg’s total
expenditure on raw ma-
terials.

“ Reviewing operations,
general manager Dr J A
Mouton said the rationali-
sation of Langeberg and
All Gold Foods produc-
tion -had been ‘almost
completed.

Since the takeover, two
Piccan factories had been
closed, and during . the
past financial year a profit
of R2,8-million had re-
sulted from the sale of
certain fixed assets.

During the current fi-
nancial year rationalisa-
tion would be extenged to
areas of distribution and
administration, though at

. the same time new expan-
: sion was being planned,
: including the doubling of
\ production capacity at

Langeberg’s dehydration
plant at Hartswater. *

Dr Mouton said he ex-
pected a considerable im-
provement in trading con-
ditions during 1984. The
present worldwide short-
age of certain canned
fruits should lead to bet-
ter prices for these prod-
ucts on international mar-
kets,” he said. “More-
over exchange rates, par-
ticularly in the dollar and
sterling markets, are
working in favour. of
South African export-
ers.”

SOUTH AFRICA



SOUTH AFRICA

LIBERALS' CRITICISM OF REFERENDUM HIT

Durban THE GRAPHIC in English 23 Dec 83 p 4
(Editorial: "By Their Deeds..."]
[Text] All's fair, it is said, in love and war. In politics too apparently.

For instance, a leftist advertisement recently told a lie when it claimed that
Mr Y.S. Chinsamy had supported conscription of S. A. Indians for military ser-
vice on the border. Mahatma Gandhi, to whom there was no religion higher than
truth, would have squirmed at such falsity. But unlike the Mahatma, some who
claim figurative lineage from him evidently figure that all's fair in love and
war...

Like certain alleged small-letter liberals did in the recent referendum
run-up.

The new Constitution will entrench apartheid, they screamed. Quite falsely,
for as they well knew, it was because it put a crack into the apartheid edi-
fice that Dr Andries Treurnicht calls P.W. Botha a sell-out of white
interests.

The new Constitution will give the new President ‘awesome powers’, they al-
leged, powers that will make him a dictator. But they well knew that the
present Prime Minister has all the awesome powers he needs, and that he will
merely acquire the ceremonial functions of head of state in addition.

And so they went on, mixing lies with truth, relentless and ruthless in their
propaganda~-which eventually boomeranged upon them.

The fact is that it is not upon propaganda--whether for or against--that one
must judge Mr P. W. Botha. One judges him by what he tells his own people,
when talking to them in their own language in their own territory.

And it is pleasing therefore that just as in Witbank as in Lichtenberg as in
Upington and in Bloemfontein, the Prime Minister never tires of warning his
white compatriots against the sin of racism. Time after time Mr. Botha makes
his almost evangelising speeches - to his own volk. Which is as it should be.
For it is they who need the lessons most.

55



GABON

BRIEFS

MORENA PRESS CONFERENCE BANNED--The exiled Morena opposition movement had a
Paris press conference banned by the French authorities recently, The press
conference, which was to have concerned Human Rights in Gabon, was banned at
a time of extreme tension between the French and Gabonese governments over a
book critical of the Bongo regime (West Africa, December 5). The tension was
apparently defused after top-level negotiations between President Bongo and
President Mitterrand's envoys. President Bongo has frequently in the past
demanded that the French authorities cease to allow Morena activities in
France, hinting sometimes strongly that French business interests in Gabon
would be jeapordised if Paris did not comply. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in
English No 3452, 19/26 Dec 83 p 2971]

cso: 3400/508



SENEGAL

BRIEFS

PIT-PCC COOPERATION AGREEMENT--The Independence and Labour Party, led by M.
Seydou Cissokho has signed a co-operation agreement in Havana with the Cuban
Communist Party. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English No 3462, 19/26 Dec 83
p 2971]

cso: 3400/508



Should these manufac-
turers decide to expand
their productivity, the
high interest rates would
undoubtedly push up
their costs and this would
have an adverse effect on
inflation in general.

The Bureau is worried
that the quickening in the
tempo of activity of
manofacturers could lead

was already becoming
more serious. This could
not only affect produc-
tion, but could also lead
to pressure on prices.

It was obvious that the
improvement in the US
economy would play a
major role on what was
going to happen locally.

Latest expectations are

tocertain bottlenecks. for a US growth rate of
It was particularly con- _ about 5,3 percent this
cemed about the shortage year — a little lower than
_ of skilled workers which previously anticipated.
BUSINESS CUMDITIONS
g
-
o_
la (fetal! Trade S fs
‘A Hotor Trade A DOV
Forecast Period ? 4
- j
g + a A
} on
H H
j H
bo i
1975 1976 1977 1978 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

“1979

A substantial Improvement is expected in
business conditions in the first quarter of
next.year as Indicated by some leading
indicators In the graph. Notice the very
low level these indicators reached at the
end of 1982. According to the Bureau for
Economic Research at the University of
Stellenbosch a substantial Improvement
in the general economy could also be ex-

in the first quarter of next year, pro-
viding the expected growth In the us

economy lsrealised.

cso: 3400/499



But for South Africa to think of taking the task upon itself, in the face of
condemnation from the whole world, is a thought frought with danger. A con-
frontation with the international community would not stop at the brink....

A new dimension has been lent to the Angolan situation, however, with the news
at the weekend that UNITA is beginning to tighten the screws on the Luanda
regime. Dr Jonas Savimbi's declared aim is ‘to force the MPLA to the conference
table...but it demands first that the Cubans must leave. That, for both South
Africa and UNITA, would be the first prize in this dragging conflict!

In the end, the question arises: What would be the attitude of the Kremlin if
its accomplices are driven against the wall?. As far as South Africa is con-
cerned, this question is critical, because it knows no Western country will

stand by it.

For South Africa, the answer to this question lies in the military game against
a great, aggressive power...a game in which it has much to gain or lose.

cso: 3401/46

64



SOUTH AFRICA

PAPER DISCUSSES U.S., USSR ROLES IN S. AFRICA

MB121845 Pretoria DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 6 Jan 84 p 6
[Editorial comment: "Nation Needs To Be Better Informed"]

[Text] Any war situation, in whatever part of the world--be it Southeast Asia,
the Middle East, South America or ‘South-West Africa/Angola--must always also
be looked at against the background of the world power struggle between the
United States and the Soviet Union.

The direct intervention by Russia in Angola at both the diplomatic as well as
the military level is thus of particular significance, because it brings the
global struggle closer to South Africa's borders, with the inevitable danger
that could hold for the republic.

Already there exists a red line between Angola in the west.and Mozambique in
the east, with the Marxist Mr Mugabe in power in our neighboring state to the
north, Zimbabwe. If the Russians, with the help of their accomplice forces
and SWAPO, can grab South-West Africa, South Africa will become their next
target. The domino theory, which the Russians applied with such success in
Southeast Asia, would then begin to trace its course in Southern Africa.

And so Russia will be able to bring its tentacles closer to the United States,
across the Atlantic Ocean.

The question of whether America would help South Africa in its struggle against
the Russians is merely wishful thinking.

On the positive side there is the Reagan administration's policy of construc-
tive involvement with South Africa. But it is equally true that in 1976 America
left us in the lurch in Angola--and that in the recent UN Security Council
session America did not support us. Besides, this is an election year in
America.

South Africa is heading for a direct confrontation with Russia and the Security

Council, because it summarily rejected their demands that we withdraw from
Angola.

65



NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

NEW ATLAS PUBLISHED--WINDHOEK--Namibians are great beer drinkers, right?
Wrong. And that's official. According to the first "National Atlas of South
West Africa" released this week, the country's beer production is only 14,4
litres a head compared with the rest of the world's 17,9 litres a head. This
is just one item from a myriad of useful and useless information contained in
the new atlas--the first definitive work of its kind on any country in South-
ern Africa. For the first time, the man in the street is able to see at a
glance that only 20 out of every 1 000 Namibians buy local newspapers and that
there are only 50 motor vehicles for every 1 000 people. But if these are
only of passing curiosity to the average reader, theré are also the more im-
portant geographical and social data for students and industrialists. There
are 92 individual maps, some supported with satellite photographs, showing
weather patterns, human settlement, historic regions of settlement and devel-
opment and infrastructural facilities. No doubt there will be academic argu-
ment and criticism about the emphasis given to such factors as the ethnic
divisions of the country, but in general it should find a ready market. The
atlas was compiled by members of Stellenbosch University's Institute for Car-
tographic Analysis in consultation with the SWA/Namibian Directorate of Devel-
opment and Co-ordination. The atlas is not expected to make the commercial
bookshelves as it is an official government publication, but can be ordered
through the Directorate: Private Bag 12025, Windhoek 9000. The cost is about
R20. [Peter Honey] [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 8 Dec 83 p 5]

CSO:. 3400/436

23



RAPID GROWTH OF BLACK UNIONS EXAMINED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 23 Dec 83 p 7

{Article by Carolyn Dempster]

[Text]

Against’ a backdrop of re-
cession and massive re-
trenchments, the mining in-

‘dustry moved to centre

tage in labour relations in
1983 with the spotlight on
the ..fast-growing — black

The Chamber of Mines
‘opened the door to black un-
ionisation and black miners
were handed the key to col-
lective bargaining.

Of the three black unions
granted access to organise
on the mines in 1983, the
National Union of Mine-
workers has emerged as the
most formidable force.

NUM, recruiting mem-
bers at the rate of 5000 a
month, is poised to become
the largest union here with
60000 signed-up members.
It is already the biggest
union in the mining indus
try. . :

The emergence of the
black unions continues to
pose problems for the white
mining unions. The desire
for an Industrial Council in
the mining industry was
manifested in the formation
of a Confederation of Asso-
ciations and Mining Unions,
‘but the -chamber has indi-

“unions.

cated it¥ reluctance to bar-

gain jin. any forum which
does not include black union
representatives.

75

> CHAGRIN

Later on in the year, Arrie
Paulus’. ‘Mineworkers Union
changed . gear, adopted an
overtly political stance and
began organising workers in
other areas to consolidate its
base — much to the chagrin of
the Amalgamated Engineering
Union which all but accused
the MU of poaching.

‘The white Mine Surface Offi-
cials Association, which has
denied black miners access to
its ranks for virtually its entire
existence, now looks to be
thwarted by NUM’s decision to
establish a black mine surface
Officials union.

However, with a potential
380 000 miners still to be organ-
ised and with migrant work-
force problems, the seeds of
black unionism, now planted,
have yet to take root.

The ‘year started with the
slide into a deepening recess-

.ion, and retrenchments contin-

ued apace — by September the
figure had topped 15 000.

That did not seem to affect
the rapid growth rate among
unions and while strike activity
dropped off in the first six
months, workers showed they
were willing to go out in strike
in support of colleagues they
thought. were mistreated or un-
fairly dismissed by manage-
ment. Strikes towards the lat-
ter -half of the year hinged
mainly on wages and griev-
ances.

SOUTH AFRICA


SA Polar Team Embarks
Wildlife Body to Monitor Armscor
PAC Official on Azanian Struggle

ZAIRE

Emery Lumumba Making Appeal in Ghana
(Kwamena Apponsah; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 30 Nov 83) ........

88
89

90


Paper Discusses U.S., USSR Roles in S. Africa
(Editorial; DIE TRANSVALER, 6 Jan 84) .sccsceccececcececese

Peoples' Congress Party Urged To Pursue Non-Violent
Change
(THE CITIZEN, 30 Dec 83)...

Indian Jobless Figures Spiral
(RAND DAILY MAIL, 31 Dec 83)...cscsececccccccssceccecceees

Langeberg Badly Hit by Drought
(THE CITIZEN, 30 Dec 83)...scccececccccccccvccsccscsceeces

Soweto Power Bills Reported
(Len Maseko; SOWETAN, 4 Jan 84) ...sccceececcecsscecesceces

Gumede Slur on Indians Reported
(THE GRAPHIC, 23 Dec 83) ..sscesessececeecvccececceseccsees

Effectiveness of Indian Movement Questioned
(Ameen Akhalwaya; POST NATAL, 21-24 Dec 83) ...ccececeseecs

Rapid Growth of Black Unions Examined
(Carolyn Dempster; THE STAR, 23 Dec 83)...ccccccececcecees

On Development of National States
(J.P. Nieuwenhuizen; DIE TRANSVALER, 2 Dec 83).......e00-

No Change for Blacks Foreseen in 1984
(Nimrod Mkele; THE STAR, 22.Dec 83) .ssceccesececcceecseees

Clergyman Denounces Media Tactics
(BEELD, 8 Dec 83) ...cescecseeccccscecececcccteseecesececes

Reliability of Benso Statistics Disputed
(THE CAPE TIMES, 23 Dec 83)...ececcscececcececcccescsavecs

NIC Calls for Military Service Boycott
(THE GRAPHIC, 16 Dec 83)...esceceeeeee nn

NDP Leader on NIC Reaction to Constitutional Refowms
(THE GRAPHIC, 16 Dec 83)...ccseeeeseeseeees

Spread of Rinderpest Disease Feared
(THE DAILY NEWS, 21 Dec 83)...

Briefs
Drought Aid Program Ends
Squad 15 Sweep
Drought Hits Towns

65

67

69

70

71

72

73

75

77

79

81

83

84


MOZAMBIQUE

REPAIR OF BRIDGE. OVER ZAMBEZE IN SECOND STAGE
Beira DIARIO DE MOZAMBIQUE in Portuguese 3 Dec 83 p 3

[Text] The second stage has been reached in the repair work. being done on
tower one of the bridge over the Zambeze River in the province of Tete.

The work was begun in May of this year and the total cost of the undertaking
is approximately 120 million meticais. Prominent among the various
activities now in progress is the installation of the micro-piles that will
assure the transferral of the loads to which the bridge is subjected to
geological layers of greater stability.

It. should be recalled that the axis of that tower underwent a displacement of
about 90 centimeters at the top because of a settling of the foundation, which
occurred during the great floods of 1977. It is to be further noted as well,
that additional work is being done to protect the tower by making 43 openings
around its base into which cement will be poured.

According to information released to our reporting staff in Maputo by the
engineer, Abdul Faquir, one of the managers of CETEZ, a consortium consisting
of CETA, Engineering Works E.E. and the Portuguese firm "Teixeira Duarte,
Ltd.," the entity charged with the execution of the work project, the mobiliza~
tion of the necessary resources, both human and material, has been accomplished
in a most satisfactory manner, thanks to the constant efforts of the two
enterprises as well as those of the entities of the province of Tete and the
other central structures involved in the undertaking.

The solving of different problems that make themselves felt in the matter of
transporting commodities on the Beira-Tete run and also the handling of the
difficulties involved in supplying food products to the 60 workers on the job,
were cited by our interlocutor as some examples of the efforts put forth by
the structures of that northern province of the country.

Geotectonic Inspections Conducted

According to information obtained by the reporting staff of the DIARIO DE
MOCAMBIQUE, all the geotectonic inspection operations had already been
carried out for the purpose of gaining a detailed knowledge of the present
condition of the tower and the terrain to get a better idea of the depth at
which the micro-piles are to be put in place.



cso:

that the office is about to be eliminated,
since the present occupant holds it only in
an acting capacity.

This office should be retained and occu-
pied permanently by an Anglophone
Cameroonian. It would be a fatal error if
Mr. Biya and his advisers were to ignore
the fact that the most fundamental and
potentially the most explosive contradic-
tion in Cameroon today is the Fran-
cophone/Anglophone divide. For this
reason, the distribution of formal and
informational powers at all levels of society
should be carried out with this factor in
mind. Sound political judgment dictates.
that if the President is Francophone, his
Prime Minister ought to come from the
most distinct and sizable minority in the
country — Anglophone Cameroon. The
thetoric of peace, progress,and balanced
development sounds hollow when
Anglophone Cameroonians are systemati-
cally banished to the fringes of officialdom.
Affirmative efforts must also be made to
ensure that those formal cabinet positions
that have continued to elude the
Anglophones — territorial administration,
economic development, education, foreign
affairs, defence and so on — are brought
within their grasp.

Finally, the much talked about democra-
tisation of the political process should not
stop with the experiments in having multi-
ple candidates run against each other in the
same constituency. While this will clearly

3400/437

be an improvement over the single list
farce of yesteryear, the fact still remains
that these candidates will all be running
under the canopy of the same party. This is
not enough. The long-term goal should
temain the introduction of multi-party
politics. Of course, no one expects this
change to happen overnight.

The crusty machine of the ruling CNU
must be revitalised, and here Mr. Biya can
begin by slotting’ into key Party positions
men and women who share his vision of a
free and open Cameroonian society. _

A purging of the party apparatus is
necessary for several reasons. To begin
with, the loyalty of the old guard to the
new helmsman is suspect. These are still
the same political commissars who for two
decades were responsible for proselytising
the gospel according to Amadou Babatura
Ahidjo — gospel that effectively stunted
the political development of our society. It
is therefore doubtful that they view the
new Cameroon through the same prism as
Mr. Biya. While many now profess to have
seen the light, their conversions are moti-
vated more by reasons of expediency than
principles of public service. Mr, Biya can-
not trust these sycophants.

Cameroon cannot afford to be dragged
into the 21st century under the leadership
of the same politicians who turned the first
two decades of its post-unification history
into a painful nightmare. We deserve
better.



NIC CALLS FOR MILITARY SERVICE BOYCOTT

Durban THE GRAPHIC in English 16 Dec 83 p 1

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text] MOTHERS, sisters and wives must get together and reject the new con-
stitution for the Republic of South Africa as the acceptance of the constitu-
tion would mean that husbands, sons and fathers would be taken into the army
to protect and give credibility to the apartheid system of this country.

Mrs Ela Ramgobin,
executive member of
the~ Natal Indian Con-
gress, and a social work-
er at Verulamt ‘said at a
meeting held at Phoenix
on the weekend that
all mothers, wives and
sisters should form a
united front to reject
the new constitution.

She said that the
acceptance of the con-
stitution would not
only mean that the
Indians and Coloureds
would be ganging up
against the African
community, but would
also, mean that they
would protect and de-
fend high rents, high
tates, poor living con-
ditions and apartheid.

“We must stand to-
gether and fight till the
last drop of blood. Our
sons’ and husbands
would not be soldiers
but would be murder-
ers,” she said.

Ramgobin re-
called. the massacre in
India where the British
Government * ordered
the army to kill thou-
sands of protesters

cso:

3400/496

fighting for justice:

She said that even
in. India the Indian
soldiers were killing in-
nocent. people all be-
cause. they were fight-
ing for a just cause,

“Here in South
Africa our brothers and
fathers will have to’ take
orders from their white
counterparts and shoot
to kill their own kind.

“They . will have to
kill their own brothers
and sisters,” she said.

“And if they don’t.
take orders the boys
will be'put into jail.””

She said that every
time the children went
on boycott to demand
better . education, or
every time fathers went
on strike for better
wages,” members of
our family would be
called" with guns to.
shoot their own fathers
and brothers.”

“They: would have
no option but to shoot,”
she said, .

She: recalled a press
conference where Prime.
Minister P.W. Botha,

after the white referen-
dum said that one of
the first things his.
government would do
was to‘ get Coloureds
and Indians to join the

army.

“We will not allow
our children to die for
an unjust cause,” Mrs
Ramgobin said.

Mr Archie Gumed
President of the Unite:
Democratic Front said:
that Mr Amichand Raj-
bansi Chairman of the:
South African ' Indian
Council would have to-
convince him as. well
ag the Indian . and
Coloured communities
that their youth would
not go “to be killed
on the border”, and
will not be taken into
the army. .

Mr George Sewper-
sadh President of the
NIC. ‘said. the Indian
people. must continue

-to fight for what the

exiles and those who
were killed in the fight
for liberation wanted.

“We: must see to it

“that their struggle has

not been in vain.

“We must fight for
liberation together with
the African, ‘Indian,
Coloured and the white

~ liberals.

“{t is for our involve-
ment in- the struggle
that we have been
banned, detained and
imprisoned.

-“We don’t achieve
any financial gain or
anything personal in
our fight for liberation.”

Speaker after speaker
from. the floor rejected
the constitution and
has called on the LAC’s
and the SAIC not to
make’: | representations
on their behalf. Mr
Rajbansi and the SAIC
don’t represent us, they
said.

o>. Aw” old” congressite
. Mr N. Bramdew attack-

ed Mr. ‘Rajbansi for
accepting the: constitu-

* tion ‘on’ Behalf ‘of the
+ Indian community. -

» He: also, said there
will come a time when
there ‘would be no
SAIC or LAC.



SOUTH AFRICA

ON DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL STATES
Pretoria DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 2 Dec 83 p 10

[Summary of article by J.P. Nieuwenhuizen in AAMBEELD, publication of the RAU
(Rand Afrikaans University): "Invest with Aid to National States"]

[Text] The white South African person probably could not
buy a better survival policy than giving greater economic
development aid to the National States, writes J.P.
Nieuwenhuizen in the most recent issue of AAMBEELD, the
RAU publication. Following is an abridged version of
his article.

Many people in South Africa and elsewhere are very skeptical about the capacity of
development of the South African National States, both independent and self-govern-
ing. The entities are seen merely as border- or peripheral areas which have the
primary aim of accommodating the policy of separate development.

Although the development and progress of the black probably is more decisive for
the course of events in southern Africa than any other factor, the course of
development does not always get effective attention. That state of affairs causes
the gulf between the national economy of the Republic of South Africa and that of
the national states to become continually greater.

With respect to economic development, blacks in national states are getting farther
and farther behind their equals in the SA, especially those in and near white cities.

In the national states, where about 50 percent of the total population of southern
Africa lives, only 3 to 5 percent of the total national product is produced. The
economies of the national states are primarily focussed on minimal existence.
Production thus has little relation to the market.

Those entities will only start to experience a dynamic development in the economic
sense when the regional focus no longer dominates with respect to human motivation.

Until that happens, the traditional cultivating- and administrative skills will

dominate, The increasing number. of people on a soil which under the best of cir-
cumstances is only meagre, leads to a very serious overcultivation.

77



cso:

3400/496

that all changes be made within the
straitjacket of apartheid, it alien-
ates those blacks who would give.
credence to its policy.

‘The -point is that the Nats know

: ‘What we want and what to do about’

it. They know that we demand ad-
mission to the white man’s front
stoeps and parlours, not to their kit-
chens and backyards.

Which is the last thing the Nats
-will ever allow unless we drag them
through a hedge backwards.

_ ‘This is not. because thé Prime
Minister does not have the power to

.effect meaningful and acceptable

4

reforms. The referendum has seen
to that. But he sees the referendum
results less as a mandate for change
than as a justification for the main-
tenance of the status quo.”

Reforms, if they are made at ‘all,
‘must in no way threaten the contin-
ued existence of white privilege and
the white man’s monopoly of politi,
‘eal power.

It is no surprise, therefore, ‘that i tn
his 1983 Christmas message, De-
fence Minister.General Magnus
Malan threatens to clobber us info
line, instead of talking reforms with
us and implementing them with

1984 wilh be ‘as we were 6
“y904."°

80



NORTH KOREAN IRRIGATION PROJECT--Lt Gen Alberto Chipande, a member of the
Political. Bureau of the Central Committee of FRELIMO Party and head of Cabo
Delgado Province, met on 10 December 1983 in Pemba with a team of technicians
from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea involved in drawing up an irriga-
tion construction project in Muera, in the "Filipe Magaia" communal village.
The project, which is part of :the effort to step up the fight against hunger
in that region of the country, will provide irrigation for a 220-hectare area
where two crops of rice, corn, greens and other foodstuffs can be planted each
year. In the meeting with the Korean technicians, Lt Gen Alberto Chipande
praised their work, considering it quite important for strengthening ties of
friendship and solidarity between the parties, governments and peoples of the
People's Republic of Mozambique and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea,
[Text/ [Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 12 Dec 83 p 1/ 9479

CSO: 3442/102



075071

JPRS-SSA- 84-011
25 January 1984

BIASTMENT A |

'
Approved tor puric reieanel i
ite: Digribunen Unlimited a6

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

- 4990319 131

nein OURLTCY DNSPECTED 8

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

' REPRODUCED BY

NATIONAL TECHNICAL | ‘4

INFORMATION. SERVICE \e
US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE oO

_ SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22I6l | 76

eT



SOUTH AFRICA

_. CLERGYMAN DENOUNCES MEDIA TACTICS
Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 8 Dec 83 p 4
(Report: "Clergyman Rebukes Afrikaners" ]

[Text] It is time for the Afrikaner people to realize that they are not as
radically divided as the media try to make them look. They are merely people
who emphasize matters differently, primarily political matters.

Thus writesRev.H.T. van Deventer, instructor at the Reformed Community of Zuur-
fontein,near Johannesburg, in a commentary in the most recent newsletter of
DIE HERVORMER.

In his articleRev.Van Deventer attacks BEELD as if it wanted to destroy the
Afrikaner Parents' Association.

Referring to a letter in BEELD in which a concerned parent from Potchefstroom
accuses the association of "open propaganda for the KP [Conservative Party] and
claims that "this association neither can nor wants to be more than a political
pressure party,"'Rév.Van Deventer says the letter writer shows ignorance about the
association "and one should not react to that.”

According to Rév.Van Deventer it is alarming, however, that BEELD referred to the
claims of the letter writer in a feature article the following day "and used it
to try to show how alarming it is that a rightist attack is being made on the

area of education."

Further Rev. Van Deventer writes that BEELD doesn't hesitate for one moment to
also involve the Church in that matter by claiming that distorted ideas had been
implanted in children in schools by teachers and catechists both before and after
the referendum, "even in religion classes."

"It is curious how all our Afrikaner papers are so informed about the ‘rightist
attack.''

"According:to them, in the recent past there were rightist attempts to hijack

the Afrikaner Education Congress in Bloemfontein, to take over the FAK [Federation

of Afrikaner Cultural Associations ] in Pretoria, to swing the Afrikaner Brothers

League to the right, effect a rightist attack on education, etc. Each Afrikaner
- group or agency is dragged into it," writes Rev.Van Deventer.

81



assurances that he realizes what is at stake in the sgruggle in the Southwest.
A repetition of the most recent unfortunate events must be carefully guarded

against.
Mugabe Statements
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 30 Nov 83 p 14

(Editorial: "Grenada and Southern Africa" ]

[Text] The Zimbabwe prime minister, Mr Robert Mugabe, was in the forefront of
the leaders who condemned the invasion in Grenada at the Commonwealth conference
‘last Saturday. He twisted his arguments in such a manner that'he attacked’
South Africa through that.

His principal argument was that recognition of the United States’ motivation for
the invasion of Grenada--that developments on the island were becoming a danger
to other nearby governments--would grant South Africa justification to act against
its neighbors. Then South Africa could excuse its own acts of "destabilization"
by saying that it is fighting for the preservation of the Western democracy or

against changes which the communists could establish in southern Africa.

In addition, Mr Mugabe almost simultaneously made a sharp attack on American and
South African pressure for withdrawal of the Cuban soldiers from Angola before
the Southwest becomes independent under the United Nations plan. He believes that
to be blackmail of the people in the Southwest.

With that double-barrelled attack Mr Mugabe has clearly shown where his sympathies
lie. Apparently he sees no danger in the Soviet Union's use of Cubans to build up
a tremendous arsenal in Grenada. And apparently he accepts even less that the
presence of Cubans in southern Africa contains any danger for a peaceful settle-
ment in the Southwest.

But curiously enough Mr Mugaba did not leave it at that. He also compared the
invasion of Grenada directly to Soviet interference in Afghanistan and the
Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia, and he said that he condemns all of that and
wants foreign troops to be withdrawn from those countries.

Apparently his strategy is aimed at making sure that he elicits world-wide con-
demnation of South Africa if South Africa were to take steps against terrorist
attacks from outside its borders (the so-called destabilization of its neighbors)
or strike back at Cuban-supported invasions in the Southwest.
Mr Mugabe and others who think that way would do well to keep in mind that South
Africa is just as firmly opposed to Soviet expansionism in neighboring areas as
is the United States, and it will resist that with all its strength.

Israeli Policy toward Homelands

Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 1 Dec 83 p 29

41



IVORY COAST

BRIEFS

‘TELEPHONE LINK WITH MALI--An agreement concerning a loan of 531.168 million

CFA francs or about $1.25 million.was signed in Abidjan on 7 January between
the Ivorian posts and telecommunications department and the ECOWAS compensation,
cooperation, and development fund. This loan will enable Ivory Coast to es-
tablish a telephone link between Korhogo in Ivory Coast and Sikasso in Mali
without passing through Paris. It is to be repaid over 15 years at a 7.5 per-
cent interest rate with a 3-year grace period. The posts and telecommunications
department was represented by Ivorian economy and Finance Minister Abdoulaye
Kone while the ECOWAS fund was represented by its director, Robert Tubman.
[Summary] [AB111600 Abidjan FRATERNITE MATIN in French 10 Jan 84 p 4]

cso: 3419/313



GHANA

BRIEFS

OFFICIAL RETURNS FROM EXILE--A leading member of the disbanded People's
National Party, Alhaji Mohamadu Sidikub Gentleman, has reported himself to the
National Investigations Committee [NIC] on his return from Gano in Upper Volta
where he went into exile on the advent of the 31 December revolution for fear
of victimization. According to a statement from the NIC, Alhaji Gentleman said
he heeded the Provisional National Defense Council's call to all Ghanaians in
exile to return home to contribute their quota to the on-going national recon-
struction. The statement said the committee has given Alhaji Gentleman a safe
conduct document to enable him to go about his normal duties. [Text] [AB112143
Accra Domestic Service in English 2000GMT 11 Jan 84]

UNIVERSITY STUDENTS REAPPLY FOR ADMISSION--The university authorities have asked
all students who do not share the stand of the National Union of Ghana students
to reapply for admission by 23 January 1984. Students residents near their
universities are to submit their applications directly to their universities.
Those resident in any of the university regions, that is Ashanti, central and
greater Accra regions, are to submit theirs to the university nearest them.

All other students should submit their applicaitons to their respective regional
secretaries. All applications will have to bear the name of the applicant's
university at the top left hand corner of the envelop for easy sorting. [Text]
[AB122235 Accra Domestic Service in English 2000 GMT 12 Jan 84]

cso: 3400/518



It seems therefore that a key part of
the plan is to facilitate the imple-
mentation of influx control.

Faced with a swiftly growing popu-
lation in the PWV ores, whet is
becoming increasingly difficult to
sent is trying fo atiract industry
mel attract indus
and heonle aeady in urban area
to new points a little further away
from the urban areas.

Black people, they are hoping, will
be attracted by houses and jobs.
Over 58 000 people are in need of
homes in the area of Erab admini-
stration and there are 13000
tnames on the waiting list for
homes in Katlehong alone.

Need is thus likely to drive many
people to Ekangala.

This could represent a new carrot
and stick style of population re-
moval, with the carrot of housing
and jobs being matched with the
slow building of houses and unem-
plovinent in areas like the East

nd.

As Erab responds to housing short-
ages by destroying over 11 000 “il-
Jegal structures” in recent months,
so they simultaneously offer hous:
ing in Ekangala.

But the carrot is being held out to
very specific people.

Ekangala and Ekindustria will be

laced right on the edge of KwaN-
bele, the small “homeland” des-
‘tined to take Pretoria-style inde-
pendence at the end of next year.

‘According to the latest pia for the
consolidation of KwaNdebele, the
border will run right through the
middle of both the township and
the industrial area.

The Plan, according toMr Marx, is to
jouse le-speakin, le on
the “homeland” side of the border,
and others ‘on the South African
‘side. Half will be administered by
KwaNdebele, and half by Erab.

Apart from the obvious problems the
township administration will have
with Passport control, it is also
possible that entirely different
rules, facilities and rents might
apply in the two different parts of

e township.

It is possible that such things as wage
controls, safety rules and legal at-
titudes to trade unions may differ
entirely between the two sections
of the industrial area.

‘The South African side will be a pre-

, Scribed area and the houses will be
strictly for people with Section
10(1)a and 1(1)b rights to live in
urban areas.

3400/496

54

The of the houses — between
500 and R12000 in the first

» seheme — will limit the range of

prone even further. According to
Mars, there was a lot of re-
sponse to an initital advertisement
for the houses, “‘but it would appear
that they.are slightly on the expen- _
sive side and not everyone can af-
ford it”.

‘The houses will be rented at first but
sold in the near future when the
ition of the area is finalised.
The first scheme built at the
moment will include houses,
‘The second will begin once de-
mand has been gauged.

According to Mr Marx, Ekindustria

is hoping. to employ 37 000 workers
the turn of the century. It is
clear that many others will have to
commute to work elsewhere.

It has been reported in several
places that the second half of the
development plan includes a high-

- speed railway line to carry com-
muters to the workplaces on the
East Rand, about an hour's drive
away.

Asked about this, Mr Marx said there
‘was no such plan at the moment,
“but nothing is impossible”. Such a

distance is “internationally ac-

cepted” as q reasonable distance
for people to commute to work, he
saic

So, this part of the plan implies that
they would now prefer people to
commute such distances than
build houses for them near their
places of work.

It is possible to speculate on political
motivations for such a move. It is
no coincidence that it comes at a
time when the Government is con-
sidering the controversial Orderly
Movement and Settlement of
Black Person Bill and appears to
be tightening up on influx control
in general.

A community out in the Eastern
Transvaal ‘veld would be much
easier to control in the event of
‘unrest or.a guerrilla threat. It will
be close enough for people to com-
mute, although only at great costs
in time and money, and far enough
for white cities to remain “white
by night”.

But the long term implications for
those who move there could
more serious. :

There has already been speculation
that the entire area could be incor-
porated into KwaNdebele at a lat-
er stage. This would mean that
workers who have taken the carrot
and moved there will also lose
what citizenship rights they have.



The low voting percentage must also be partly blamed on the fact that the black
is not yet as tuned in to the democratic system of elections as is the white
person, and also to a certain lack of interest which usually characterizes local
governments,

In the final analysis those governments have indeed been elected, and the urban
blacks have indeed made use of their democratic privilege to vote--or to stay away
from the voting booth. Although the voting percentages were not very high, even
as low as 10.3 percent in Soweto, that does not alter the fact that they are
democratic institutions. And ultimately they could be effective antidotes to the
radicals, if only because they have power and can do things, while the boycotters
ultimately are the cause of their own impotence.

Black Elections
Pretoria DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 5 Dec 83 p 10

[Text] Last week's black municipal elections passed quietly and caused very
little sensation. The relatively low voting percentages (compared to white elec-
tions) were on the one hand disappointing and on the other hand to be expected.
Still, in spite of organized boycott campaigns, the percentages in large urban
areas were more encouraging than those of the elections of 5 years ago.

The white observer will have to accept the black voter's apparent lack of en-

thusiasm for a system which some do not yet understand well and which others dis-
parage as a system which forces the "apartheid government" on them. That willful-
ness has existed for a long time, and the historical facts surrounding it are well

known.

As an exercise in the inevitable participation in the process of democracy, the
election of leaders “flor representation at the local level offers valuable ex-
perience in political evolution to the black people.

Just as with other population groups in the country which are facing an arduous
path of political development+-and here we are referring to leaders rather than
followers since great numbers of people are uninformed--there are those who are
too impatient to try to utilize the existing tools effectively.

The current government already for a long time has been studying the governing
problems and needs of urban blacks with sympathy and patience.

It would not be fair to accuse the government of unyielding disinterest.

Reform has been lauded highly, and at this moment much work is being done not only
to give the Colored and Asian the best possible authority in the governing of his
own affairs, but also to let the millions of blacks, who are "“stepcitizens" due to
certain circumstances and developments, have a just, and nothing but a just, system.

8700
C80: 3401/33

37



The pronounced distinction between South Africa with its dynamic economy on the
one hand and the national states with their lagging economies and regional de-
pendence on the other hand will be a thorny problem.

The reasons for the sharp contrast with respect to economic development will simply
have to be given more urgent attention than is the case now.

The first aspect which will have to be given attention if a more favorable climate
is to be created for the economic development of national states is the broad at-
titude of the general public and of policymakers who apparently give this matter

priority in their thinking.

The national states, with respect to politics and education, have progressed spec-
tacularly during the past two decades or so. It is indeed a fact that strong tools
have been created by the government to promote economic development.

Examples are very favorable concessions and the Development Bank, which can be
compared favorably to those in other parts of the world. Those instruments are

not very strongly supported by the private sector, however, which is more inter-
ested in safe stock exchange and property speculation and the forming of monopolies.

The picture “of the economic entities of national states will really start to change
only when the transfer of means is of such a nature that it acquires a visible form.

That transfer of means comprises more than just the supplying of funds. Especially
the transfer of technical management skills offers many possibilities and is an
urgent condition for the more rapid development of communities.

Bringing the benefits of the market to national states offers many challenges.
However, the formalities of the market are in many respects very alien to the nature
of the black, who does not accept that easily since he always wants to be in the

e@enter of all negotiations.

In that respect, compare the attitude of the whites who couldn't be any closer to
the nature of the market. There is no doubt that those two partners in the develop-

ment attempt can learn much from each other.

The problems of national states cannot merely be ascribed to a lack of individual
means and opportunities. Just like elsehwere in the world, the course of develop-
ment probably is primarily an outgrowth of human behavior--both on the SA side and

the other side.

The white South African person probably could not buy a better survival policy
than greater economic development aid to the national states.

8700
CSO: 3401/33

78



BACKGROUND OF CASAMANCE INCIDENTS

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3462, 19/26 Dec 83 p 2971

[Text]

cso:

3400/508

The violent “incidents ‘which
took place recently in the Casa-
mance (West Africa, ‘December
12), killing three gendarmes and
injuring four -other :people, took
place as the trials of 27 Casaman-
cais separatists ‘were taking ‘place
in Dakar.

The Casamance Movement of
Democratic Forces-(MFDC) ‘had
held a meeting in:the ‘village of
Diabir which apparently got out of
‘pontro! when participants turned
/on the security forces ‘present.
According to Le Monde, 500:sol-
diers were subsequently-despatch-
ed to ‘the region :from ‘Dakar ‘to
help the local forces,

The French newspaper suggests
‘that the root cause of the troubles
may be the “Wollofisation” of the
Sioula peoples in ‘Casamance.
Many thousands of Wollofs ‘have
migrated south to the region be-
‘cause of drought in the groundnut
basin, and subsequently ‘started
farming ‘their peanuts in cleared
forest land. “The ‘predominantly
‘Muslim Wollofs are not'fully inte-
grated with the mainly Animist or
Cathdlic Dioulas, .

The latest events follow serious
demonstrations in Ziguinchor last
December, when ‘protestors ‘tore
down ‘Senegalese ‘flags to replace
them with the movement's white
flag. Twenty-seven of those
arrested at the time ‘were ‘being
tried when:the Diabir events took
iplace. “One of the feaders of the
irridentist movement, Father Di-
amacoune ‘Senghor, -declared at
his trial “Our Grandfathers always
4old us that the Casamghce was
not part of Senegal”.

25

SENEGAL


[Editorial: "Fawningly"]

[Text]. The government of Israel is at least honest with itself and with its
people when it furnishes reasons for suspending diplomatic relations with
Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, Transkei and Venda.

According to the Jeruzalem Post the government believes its relatiorswith those
independent states to be disadvantageous for its "international relations."

Therefore Israel is now officially suspending all relations with those states,
to the point of ordering state officials not to have any contact with visitors
from over there and of encouraging business enterprises to break of all business

ties with them.

Those are definite and drastic steps, of the kind one may expect from a country
which wants to make deadsure that there is no misunderstanding about its intentions.

Israel, just like South Africa, is a small and threatened country. Both of us have
enemies who are lying in wait for us and will attack at the slightest sign of a
weakening of our watchfulness. Both of us are also countries which are too proud
to let ourselves be molested. And any enemy who thinks he can push us around will

recognize his error soon enough.

But apparently there is one important difference between us: South Africa, as far
as we know, has never renounced its friends in order to curry favor with the out-

side world. No matter how many deficiencies and weaknesses there may be in our
national policy, we can at least say with pride: We don't hide behind others when

we are condemned in the council chambers of the world.

What a pity that the government of Israel doesn't grant its people the same pride,
for the ordinary Israeli is no different in that respect from the Afrikaner.

And if Israel thinks that with such methods it will increase its international
reputation, we have news for it. In the end the world has always rejected

‘favor seekers.

IMF Policy in South Africa
Bloemfontein DIE VOLKSBLAD in Afrikaans 21 Nov 83 p 10

[Editorial: "Money and Politics"]

[Text] The International Monetary Fund is an organization which has done a very
great deal in the past to help its member states out of financial troubles. There
are now high expectations that it will also be allowed to do its gigantic job and

save the world from financial disaster.

Few countries have such an excellent and irreproachable credit rating as precise-
ly South Africa, which it acquired because of its faithful and regular repayment

of borrowed money.



YEAR 1983 DESCRIBED AS WORST IN 20 YEARS FOR INDUSTRY

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3462, 19/26 Dec 83 p 2972

[Text]

cso:

3400/500

‘The Manufacturers Association
of Nigeria (MAN) has described

the year 1983 as “the worst for -

Nigerian manufacturing industry
in wo decades.”

@ pre-budget memorandum
to the Federal Government on the
1984 budget, MAN noted that
inspite of the measures taken
under the Economic Stabilisation
Act, the. fact that two new task
forces. were. set. up within the
period “was a clear evidence that
both in conception and execution,

the measures were leading us away
from the desired objectives.”

‘The: manufacturers then stres-
sed that the first budget of Presi-
dent Shagari’s second administra-
‘tion offered an opportunity to
make suggestions and~ recom-
mendations for revamping ‘the:
‘economy and restoring productiv-
ity to the industrial sector.

Some of* the recommendations
of MAN’ include the immediate
issuance of. import licences and
‘allocation. of foreign exchange for
the purchase of raw materials and
other: inputs’ to: resuscitate indus-
tries that have'closed'down or are.

items. than: for- raw. materials and
‘spare parts and decried the lack of

allocating import licences and

ign e: eC.

It called for the prompt release
of all compulsory advance deposits
with the Central Bank on. con-
cluded transactions to the owners
to provide needed working capital
and. argued that the government
should bear the extra financial cost
arising from the fall in the value of
the naira for transactions com-
pleted before the fall. -

On agriculture, MAN said gov
ernment should take. stock of
available arable land and ensure
that maximum tillage was under-
taken in’ 1984 while all farmers
‘were put to productive use.

It held that river basin. author-
ities. and national crop boards
should have production as well-as
marketing: units to. enhance the
success of the nation’s food pro-
gramme.

On public finance, it| would
want, government to rationalise
the allocation. of the. nation’s

‘scarce resources, and develop a
foreign exchange ® budget’ which

.- Should: anticipate periodic. inflow

from oil sales...

It stressed that government ex- .

should: thereafter. be
Pegged a 60-75 per cent of antici=
revenue, adding, that. gov-

pated:
“grmment should expedite the pro-

cess of payment:

24

NIGERIA



SIGNS: OF ECONOMIC RECOVERY REPORTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 4 Jan 84 p 18

[Article by Daan de Kock]

[Text]

THERE are.now clear’

‘signs that the South
African economy is
starting to pick up and
a keener demand from
the United States
could stimulate it to
such an extent that a
recovery in the econ-
omy as a whole may
soon be seen.

This encouraging con-
clusion is drawn in the la-
test Opinion Survey of
the Bureau of Economic
Research at the Universi-
tyof Stellenbosch.

The results of a survey
of the manufacturing and
trade sectors — which
make up about 37.9 per-
cent of real GDP at factor
costs — clearly show-that
recessionary conditions
are on the wane.

Conditions in the retail
trade are, however, still
sluggish: The Bureau ex-
pects a‘ sideways move-
ment in consumption ex-
penditure rather than a
further decrease.

‘The Bureau is still wor-

ried about the relatively
‘high inflation rate in the
country. The survey indi-
cated, however, that
manufacturing _produc-
tion costs tended to in-
‘crease more slowly, and
this had slowed down the
rate ‘at which selling

61

prices were increasing.
‘The Bureau goes on to
say: “This is of course a
natural phenomenon dur-
ing a period of sluggish
‘economic activity, but th
fact that the inflation rate
is still above 10 percent

following on a long and.

deep recession implies
that the problem“is not a
mere cyclical occurence.

There can be little
doubt that the rate will
‘once again rise sharply
after an upturn in the
economy has gathered
momentum.

‘The already keener de-
mand for skilled labour —
‘and thus also for higher
wages — is merely the
starting point of this infla-
tionary process. It seems
improbable for the infla-
tion rate to decrease to a
figure well below 10 per-
cent and it would not be
surprising to find a rising
rate early in 1984.”

It -was surprising that
certain sectors of the
manufacturing industry
already running very near
to full capacity. The Bu-
reau said that 90 percent
was usually taken as full
utilisation rate, and in
some sectors this figure
was already as high as 89

percent.

SOUTH AFRICA


CAMEROON

CONCERN SHOWN ABOUT IGNORING ANGLOPHONES, PERSONALITY CULT

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3461, 12 Dec 83 pp 2871-2872

[Article by Ndiva Kofele-Kale]

[Text]

‘THE PROMISE of a new Cameroon under
President Paul Biya has been inspiring
news to Cameroonians in the diaspora,
many of whom had become pariahs to the
Ahidjo regime as a result of their out-
spoken criticism. Many exiled Cameroo-
nians are thankful that Mr. Biya has
become the instrument for a major cathar-
sis of our collective soul, one that is
without precedent in our post-unification
experience.

The enormity of this exercise cannot be
fully appreciated without reference to the
fact that Amadou Babatura Ahidjo’s reign
of terror lasted for over two decades.
During this period a whole generation of
Cameroonians — the 55.5 per cent of the
population that is under 20 years old —
have grown into maturity with faint notions,
if any at all, of what the pillars of a
democratic society are. These basic free-
doms of speech and assembly, as well as
concepts of ideological pluralism, have
only been tasted — albeit temporarily —
by the older generation.

While it is still too early to launch a
major evaluation of Biya’s administration,
there are a few trends that are now
beginning to appear on the horizon that
merit commenting on.

To begin with, the encomia that Mr.
Biya has been receiving from his compat-
riots are now beginning to exude that
unmistakable aroma of a personality cult.
This isa very disturbing trend. Cameroo-
nians must get out of the habit of beatify-
ing our leaders while they are still alive, of
lionising them to the point where’ many
even begin to believe in their own indis-
pensability. When-we deny our leaders
their mortality we also deny them their
basic humanity. It was in excessive flattery

that lay one of the fundamental flaws that
was elevated to an art under Ahidjo’s
reign.

The cult of personality has a numbing
effect on the process of development be-
cause it tends to detract attention from the
more important task of institution-
building. At this point in time, Cameroon’s
creative energies might be better channel-
led into building new institutions, revitalis-
ing, and strengthening old ones.

[t was somewhat ironic that after conde-
mming the excesses of Amadou Ahidjo,
September's extraordinary Congress of the
CNU chose to invest Mr. Biya with the
very same powers (Party Chairman, Head
of State and Government) that Ahidjo had
enjoyed.

How then do we check a president who
is bent on misusing these extensive pow-
ets? One would like to believe that the
more principled Paul Biya agreed to be so
burdened only temporarily and chiefly
because of the compelling need to reassure
his compatriots that he was now in charge.
Biya’s acceptance of same was also,
perhaps, to pre-empt any moves by the
barons ‘of the ancien regime — who may
have been silenced but definitely not des-
troyed — from reasserting their hegemony
through the party. In any case, one hopes
that as soon as the situation stabilises the
party chairmanship will be taken over by
someone other than the Head of State and
Government.

Since institutional checks and balances
are a necessary antidote to one-man rule,
an institution that should be kept and
strengthened is that of Prime Minister.
This post is currently the second most
important position in the formal polity,
next to the Presidency. Rumours are rife


Lack of a Spare Part Paralyzes Pipe Production Line

The assistant technical manager of Lusalite of Mozambique also informed the
minister, Jose Carlos Lobo, that only one industrial line in that production
unit is in operation, that producing plates. The pipe production unit is down
because of the lack of spare parts,

According to what he said, pipe production came to a standstill about three
weeks ago because of a shortage’ of the parts referred to.

It should be noted that the Lusalite Factory of Mozambique uses amianthus and
cement for the manufacture of fibro-cement plates and pipes.

8089
CSO: 3442/98

15



NO CHANGE FOR BLACKS FORESEEN IN 1984

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 22 Dec 83 p 10

[Article in the "My View" column by Nimrod Mkele]

[Text]

The year 1984 is upon us. To see
‘what it has in store for South Africa,
‘a brief backward look is not out of
place. 2.) =

© In 1894 that arch-imperialist,

Cecil John Rhodes, said something

“Let ‘us give the kaffirs local

councils to keep them out of mis-
chief. There, they can concern.

‘themselyes with local matters like
‘roads, cattle dipping and the collec-
tion of taxes.”

*.In 1983.Dr Piet “Promises”
-Koornhof gave us the. Black ‘Local
Authorities Act, which allows us to
ook after local matters like roads,

_ shousing, refuse and rent collections.

‘Which goes to show that the more
they seem to change the more they
remain the same. For all the talk of
reform, South Africa still clings to
apartheid. .

‘And there's the rub. For what the
‘Government considers to be reform
ig seen by black people as a sop to
give legitimacy to apartheid. :

‘That is why Africans bpurned the
black local authorities, about ‘which
‘there has been so much to-do lately.
They see their participation in them
as operating the instruments of
their own oppression.

-<That explains, too, why these
councils attract an assortment of
political. nonentities, ‘time-servers
‘and boot-lickers — the political op-,
portunists and sell-outs. ~ ~

‘They also showed that young peo--

le will -have ho" trick ‘with ‘these
es. -

79

Government “reforms” lack legit-
imacy because (a) they fall far short
even of our mildest.demands and (b)
are im] upon us without consul-
tation, let alone discussion.

That is the position with co-

loured/Indian representation in
Parliament. The people have not
been consulted and come into this
:parliament as the spook behind the
door — present but not seen. So they
reject the role of the invisible man.
_ But then there are always those
‘who are willing to give a “fair trial”
to anything, even this constitution,
while admitting that it gives the
people nothing. Hence their argu-
ment whether they go into this par-
liament with or without a referen-
dum. .

Anyway, a referendum by co-

joureds and Indians at this stage is”

an exercise in irrelevance, for the.
‘gily Felekondutn that mattered was
at of November 2, from) whic!
tay were eeladon Ps ee
‘But Mr Armichand Rajbansi ahi
the Rev Allan Hendrickse are acute-
ly aware what a “No” vote will do
‘to their already tattered political
credibility if they opt for a referen-
‘They would have to go into the
three-humped. dromedary of a par-
liament as discredited and ‘unrepre-
sentative opportunists. It must,
therefore, be sorely tempting for
them to dispense with the formali-
ties of a referendum. uo

‘And that is the dilemma of a gov-

ernment seeking legitimacy for its
so-called réforms. For, by insisting

SOUTH AFRICA


cso:

Be]
Hi
Bee

ae

Fy
st
aff
ae

if

rut
z
Hi

El

structive igement”.
Tt is not onl the toe and the

and to give ad-
ministrative and

ticipation credibility, which
thus far ite home-

the surrogat

The moralistic assertion by
Rajbansi, that Indian and
coloured MPs will not a

3400/496

leverage on the. noms

bles of Government logy,
will become locked in the sec-
tional basic and

We have the of
people Tact inthe porsp aad
Fa] ited glory the new

52

from the coloured and Indian

foster chambers.

Consequently, co-optative
cipation ean eh

“ sense of conviction
in the welfare of the
‘millions of suffering masses”.
It will be: each for himself.
The international commun-
ity that eagerly awaits the next
stages of reform is an illusion.
The rest of the world has
determined its stand
ay a govern-
ment, wi has de-nationa-
‘ised millions, uprooted masses
of people on the basis of colour
and used harsh measures
against people, who have tried
to mount peaceful action
against laws that offend the
basic rights of life and security.
No “sort of veto” or the guar-*
that the 130 heads will be
a future South

‘
5

HA
ath
q

85

National People’s Party
sepa ciate to speak afk
addition to being an

ganisations (reli; social
welfare, civic, education,

, nomracial), I am in
volved in the ‘of econom-
ie and services.



Recent Department of Man-
power statistics show 170
strikes up until October, as op-
posed to 328 strikes during the
samme time in 1982.

There is also the view that
concomitant with the increased
unionisation of black workers,
strategies and tactics em-
ployed by the unions have be-
come more sophisticated. This
is born out by attitudes among
union leaders who perceived
1983 as a time of consolidation
rather than expansion.

Another trend, was a tenden-
cy by unions to resort to legal
machinery to try to win battles
— another reason for the drop
in strikes.

In the case of unions affi-
liated to the Federation .of
South African Trade Unions
(Fosatu) the route proved a re
warding one — particularly in
the case of the Metal and Al-
lied Workers Union, the Na-
tional Union of Textile Work-
ers and the National Automo-
bile and Allied Workers Union.

The Industrial Court, regard-
ed with suspicion at its incep-
tion, proved to be the definitive
voice on the question of unfair
jabour practices this. year.
Much to the consternation of
employers, the court was used
extensively by the unions and
largely to their advantage.

Cases which set the tone on
the ULP front were the Metal
and Allied Workers Union ver-
sus Stobar Reinforcing; the
United African Motor and Al-
lied Workers’ Union versus
Fodens (SA) and the Media
Workers Association of SA ver-
sus The Star.

The court’s findings in the
first two set up several warn-
ing beacons for employers.
Employers should have reason-
able grounds for dismissal;
must have investigated any al
leged misconduct thoroughly
before dismissing a worker;
must have investigated any al-
chance to” present -his side;
must not use words that are de-
rogatory; must bargain in good
faith with unions.

The Star/Mwasa finding, in

cso: 3400/496

favour of management, virtual-
ly gave the go-ahead to em-
ployers to fire striking workers
en masse if all necessary pro-
cedures have been followed.

At a summit meeting of the
country’s 104 industrial coun-
cils, it was agreed ‘that the
‘vague definition of what consti
tutes an unfair labour practice
was the biggest problem facing
unions and employers, ‘but
amending legislation..is not
likely to be introduced before
1985, Manpower Director-Gen-
eral Dr Piet van der’ Merwe
said.

The struggle for recognition
and rights was not waged sole-
ly on the shop floor and in the
industrial court:in 1983.

The historic Appeal Court
judgement in June,’ ‘whereby
migrant worker Mf “Mehlolo
Tom Rikhoto won the right to
‘permanent urban residence,
opened the way for permanent
urban residence rights for at
least a third of thé country’s
80 000 contract workers.

New labour legislation was
scant in comparison to previ-
ous years but worth a mention
is the new Machinery and Oc-
cupational Safety Act, covering
all workers and due to be im-
plemented in April/May 1984.
The Human Sciences Research
report on training, and focus by
the Department of Manpower
on the need for skills training
and greater expertise in the la-
bour relations field also pin-
pointed government concern.

Politics entered the labour

arena with the formation of the
United Democratic Front in
August and National Forum in
April. .
In probably the most poli-
tically significant development
within the worker movement
this year, while individual
trade unionists and a sample of
trade unions indicated their
support for one or other organi-
sation, there was no direct af-
filiation. :

Instead, the feeling among
Fosatu, and to a lesser extent
the Council of Unions of South

Africa (Cusa) has been that
there. is little motivation at
present for the worker move-
ment to bow to the lead taken
by such opposition groups.

However that did not pre-
vent the unions from giving
their support to the UDF over
popular and community issues,
and standing with it on the
same protest platforms.

The road to union unity hit
more rocky ground after a
steering committee was
formed to discuss proposals for
a new federation of indepen-
dent trade unions in April. But
whatever the problems encoun-
tered by the unions party to the
talks, they were tackled behind
closed dgors and attempts to
reconcile inter-union ~ differ-
ences are continuing.

State interference in labour
matters continued to follow the
repressive trend established in
recent years, with the Ciskei
government emerging as the
arch villain,

CONTENT

Not content with the repeat-
ed detention and harassment of
South African Allied Workers’
Union and General and Allied
Workers ‘Union officials at the
start of the year, Ciskei banned
SAAWU outright in September.

Finally, South Africa’s oldest
and largest union federation,
the Trade Union Council of
South Africa, Tucsa, moved
away from the centre stage
during 1983 to take up a posi-
tion in the wings of labour rela-
tions.

PRAISE

The council’s annual confer-
ence in Port Elizabeth high-
lighted a reluctance by affiliate
unions to re-appraise Tucsa’s
relevance in the face of the
changing labour scenario, and
an unwillingness to make con-
cessions to the emergent
unions.

This was primarily the rea-
son for the withdrawal of the
largest union in the country,
the SA Boilermakers’ Society,
irom Tucsa in November.



Mr Lumumba said he considered Ghana as his second home because there is no one
country which sacrificed everything for his country and late father's govern-
ment more than Ghana did under the late Osagyefo Dr Kwame Nkrumah, adding:

"In all things I think about Ghana and I am happy to come here at a time a
revolution is taking place."

On the Organization of African Unity (OAU), Mr Lumumba said the less said
about it the better because "it has become a whisky-drinking body while major-
ity of the people continue to be suppressed and deprived of their very exist-
ence by foreign powers.

"If my father and Dr Nkrumah were alive today they will certainly not be happy
with events in the organisation," he intoned.

Mr Lumumba therefore called on the people of Africa to rise up and fight for
their human dignity instead of waiting on the "impotent OAU."

Mr Lumumba, for obvious reasons, would not want to talk about himself and the
other members of the Lumumba family but only said "they are all fine".

He said he would soon enroll for a two-year degree course in political science
in the Soviet Union after which he would play a major role in the total liber-
ation and unity of the continent.

He expressed his gratitude to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for making his
visit to Ghana possible and making him feel completely at home.

CsO: 3400/435 END

91



According to Rev. Van Deventer, a lamentable division exists in Afrikaner ranks
between the far right and the far left. "Yet the truth is that in any conser-
vative there is understanding of the demands for progress and reform. Simul-
taneously there is in any paSsionate advocate of radical progress and reform
an appreciation for the preservation of identity and love for ‘his own people
and its individual character.

"These two, however, are implacably forced into two camps of absolute opposites
by the media."

Rev. Van Deventer asks that the association and its high goals be left in peace.
It must especially be kept out of the political arena where it definitely does
not want to be.

The few people who want to isolate the association to the right or left will not
succeed "because in the area of education Afrikaner parents only want to promote

the interests of the Afrikaner child and not those of politics."

8700
CSO: 3401/33



PAC OFFICIAL ON AZANIAN STRUGGLE--New Delhi, 6 Jan (AFP)~-The chairman of
South Africa's banned Pan-African Congress (PAC) said here today that the
decolonisation struggle in Africa would be complete only when the battle
against white minority rule in Pretoria triumphed. John Nyati Pokela, who
is heading the first PAC official delegation to India, told the press that the
struggle in South Africa was not for civil rights but for freedom. He said
that the PAC had declared the 1980's the decade of Azanian revolution. When
South Africa's disenfranchised black majority was liberated from white min-
ority rule, that country would be renamed Azania, its ancient name. On the
PAC's differences with’ the African National Congress (ANC), another banned
South African liberation movement, he claimed it was the PAC, through its
armed struggle, which posed the real threat to Pretoria. Mr Pokela added,
however, that his movement stood for the broadest possible unity in the
liberation struggle. The delegation, which arrived yesterday on a 6-day
visit, has already met Labour Minister Veerendra Patil and Romesh Bhandari,
secretary in the Foreign Ministry. [Text] [4B061200 Paris AFP in English
1303 GMT 6 Jan 84]

CSO: 3400/526

89



POLITICAL, RELIGIOUS SECTIONALISM DENOUNCED

Durban THE GRAPHIC in English 16 Dec 83 p 4

{Article by Sadiq Alli]

[Text]

Inevitably there is much
speculation of. political
parties and groupings. The
fact that a Muslims-only
political meeting was ever
held at all was a gigantic
blunder. The allegations of
sectionalism in politics
which Mr Salaam Mayet
and Mr Ismail Kathrada
have denied is something
that, ought to have been
foreseen. The denial is
welcome; but those who
dabble in politics bring
problems for themselves if
they .are not careful to
avoid the very pitfalls that
can harm the community.
There is no room for
sectionalism of any kind in
our community. It is unfor-
tunate that in matters of
medicine, and in educa-
-tion, and in law and even
in’ banking, these have
reared their. ugly heads.
But political sectionalism,
whether based on religious
or linguistic lines can only
prove disastrous.
Fortunately Mr Ismail
Katbrada has a distinguish-
ed record of unstinted
service to the community
which service” has always
been devoid completely of
any sectional taint. And no
fairminded person — will
‘accuse him of being party

cso: 3400/496

to any move to form a
Mustimsonly _ political
party.

What happened appar-
ently is that a group of
Indian “businessmen got
together to hold a politi-
cal discussion, Someone
who was quite. understand-
ably concerned that the
reasonable interests of the
religious minorities in. the
Indian community raised
this issue, But that
concern: was quickly

only with contempt at”

any move to form 8
Muslim-only or a Hindu-
only or a Christians-only
political party. ‘That will
be the “choice of -the
stupid, ‘But it will be
perfectly . understandable

for the Christian minority

and the Muslim minority,
who constitute 10% “and
20% sespectively of the
Indian community in S.A.
with the Hindus predomin-
ating at 68%, it is under-
standable that there may
be fears of minorities being
left out in the cold.

‘There need be no such
fear, There is no religious
sectionalism within the
Natal Indian Congress. Yet
much of its leadership

59

SOUTH AFRICA

comes from Muslims. And
‘among Moderates t00,
Muslims have in the past
‘played important -roles in
}the leadership of our com-
munity, as have Christians.

The real answer there-
fore is for everyone who is
concerned about the wel-
fare of our people to get
in and get involved. Our
community is too small
too vulnerable for
ivisions not based on
political divergences.

Insofar ag the radicals
are concemed, whether
they are of the Congress
movement or of the Black
Conscious group or the
‘Frotskiists, the new Con-
‘stitution is anathema. They
are entitled to their views
and, in a peaceful manner,
to make those. views
known. :

Similarly those _ who
agree that boycotts: serve
no purpose; that _ the
opportunity “for _ political
participation should be
utilised to create more
‘openings; they will be well
advised to form one or
more entirely new political
parties, untainted by the
SAIC: And to make use of
the new platforms that are
shortly to become available.


tures and support systems
through -whom their
agents report. These may
be clandestine and illegal
or “legal” by virtue of the
fact that they consist of
various members of em-
bassy staff who pose as
diplomatic officials of
various kinds.

The Russians are not
believed to have any
“resident” spy structure
in South Africa, although
Soviet agents have from
time to time penetrated
the country #s indicated
by the capture of spies
such as Loginov.

In Gerhardt’s case,
contact while he was
abroad on postings and
trips would have been a
relatively simple task. But

there is no shortage of
Russian vessels off the
South African coast.

His contacts as far as
can be disclosed were
limited to the trips he
took abroad — as indi-
cated in the charge sheet.

Most of the informa-
tion he sent out of South
Africa would have left in
one of two ways.

Being close to the sea-
port of Cape Town, it is
speculated that he used a
dead letter drop involving
merchant seamen, a well-
known method of intelli-
gence recovery used by
the Soviets.

Secondly he would

have relied on the mail
services sending out mess-
ages by way of secret

during his periods of duty codes and writin
d ic f dui ig, plus
in South Africa his fa use of microfilm, as indi-
structions would have hat cated in the charge sheet.
to be relayed in the nor- Although there is no
mal way used by the KGB hard information that the
or GRU in countries Gerhardts were in regular
where there is no “resi- contact with Soviet agents
dent” establishement. in Southern Africa, intel-
At pre-arranged dates ligence estimates show a
and times the spy receives large concentration of

a transmission from a
Soviet vessel in the re-
gion, usually once a
month. As is well known

such agents in neighbour-
ing states, Botswana
alone is reputed to house
atleast 30 such agents.

i Editorial on Gerhardt

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 3 Jan 84 p 6

{Editorial:

"Spy Case"]

[Text] ‘THERE are aspects about the Gerhardt spy
case that are disconcerting, to put it mildly.

How, for example, did a man like Dieter Felix
Gerhardt, who was officer. commanding the
naval dockyard at Simonstown at the time of
his arrest, manage to spy for Russia from
1962 to January 1983 without being detec-
ted?

Accordirtg to’ the judge who tried Gerhardt
and his wife, Ruth, Gerhardt in that period
transmitted South African military secrets to
the Soviet Union, for which he received pay-
ment.

His wife assisted him by being a courier, carry.
ing information in film form to various placed
in Europe, and on one occasion to Tanana-

32



GUMEDE SLUR ON INDIANS REPORTED

Durban THE GRAPHIC in English 23 Dec 83 p 1

[Text] The United Democratic Front, which includes the Natal Indian Congress, was

cso:

SOUTH AFRICA

plunged into its worst cri-

sig ever as bitter protests rang out over a statement by UDF president, Archie Gumede, that the Indian

people were more interested in making money than in the concepts of democracy.

In a television inter-
view watched by hund-
reds of thousands of

ople on the weekend,

IDF president, . Mr
Gumiede accused the
Indian community of
being ambivalent in
their response to the
new tricameral parlia-
ment.

Mr Gumede went on
to say that the commu-
nity often-thought only
in terms of pecuniary-
gain and therefore did
not appreciate the value
of concepts such as
democracy,

Mr Gumede’s state-
ment, ‘however, has
caused widespread dis
may with leading anti-.
apartheid . fi id.
Organisations”
‘out against his beliefs,

In an exclusive state-
ment tothe Graphic,
prominent. Soweto civic
Jeader, Dr Ntatho Mo-
tlana, labelled Mr Gu-
mede’s statement
“mischievious and un-
fortunate.” :

“It is obviously true
that in every’ society,
there is a small section’
of the community whose
thrust is personal gain.
Among the African
community we have

3400/496

our Tshabalalas, the
whites have their Tony’
Factors and of course
the Indian community
also has its merchant
class.
“But to say a certain
community is pecuni-
ary is mischievious and
unfortunate,” the pro-
minent Soweto leader
said,

Dr Motlana said he
was sure Mr Gumede
would admit, after fur-
ther reflection, that his
comments were mislead-
ing, unfortunate and to
be regretted:

*<""Responding» to Mr
Gumede’s controversial :
statement, _ Professor
Fatima Meer, who is!
scheduled to take up'a!
lecturing post. at an)
American . university, |
said the facts proved Mr
Gumede wrong. :
“For a national lea
er of a uniting organisa-
tion, Mr Gumede knows |
that the Indian com-
munity almost unani-

mously rejected the
SAIC’— an undemocra-
tic body.

“At recent congress
meetings in Chatsworth
Durban, Lenasia, Phoe-
nix, the Indian turnouts
have been stunning.

Forty-five. members of
the Community were
arrested for protesting
outside the P.W. Botha
meeting in Durban, All
these and other recent |
events in which Mr.
Gumede has physically
participated should
have left him in no
doubt where the Indian
people stand, It is a tra-
gedy that he did not re-
fute Cliff Sanders’ in-
terpretation of the situ-
ation.
“{ can only label the
statement as “catastro-
hic.”

Strong condemna-
tion also came from the
Azanian Peoples Orga-
nisation (AZAPO) who
said they were not sur-
prised by the utterances
of Mr Gumede,

AZAPO said. by vir-
tue of his'leadership of
the UDF, Mr Gumede
had associated with the
merchant’ class in sec-
tional politics. “So-cal-

led Indians are part and.

class can..well do with-

“ out middle-class leader-
ship of the present cali-
bre.”

When asked to com-
ment, NIC. spokesper-
son, Mewa Ramgobin

he could not.com-
ment on a statement by
a UDF leader as it was.
“unethical,”

He also believed the
interview conducted by
Cliff Saunders had been
edited out of context.

The . latest. furore
surrounding Mr Gu-
mede’s remarks follows
frantic behind-the-
scenes-efforts by: Mr
Gumede to have the in-
terview retracted.

Late last week, Mr
Gumede instructed his
Johannesburg attorneys
to apply for a court in-
terdict restraining the
SATV. from relaying
the television interview.

Despite the attemp-
ted ~ court: application
the interview. went a-
head. on schedule on

parcel of the oppressed | Sunday night.

and’ exploited black
people and. the sooner
“ethnic! leaders like
Gumede realise. this the.
better for the liberation
struggle in the country.
The oppressed..and ex-
ploited black working

|. Efforts to contact

i Mr Gumede and mem-
bers of the UDF execu-
tive proved fruitless this
week, They were either
on holiday overseas or
unavailable for com
ment,



rive, in Madagascar, where she met rep-
resentatives of the USSR.
She also typed letters for him in a form known
# assecret writing. °
In their home a large variety of equipment,
admittedly associated with the conduct of es-
pionage operations, was found, the judge
disclosed.
The court rejected Gerhardt’s claim that he
was a double agent, that he had worked for a
‘country not hostile to South Africa, and it
was this country that instructed him to offer
~ his services to the USSR so that the country
in question could ascertain, among other
things, the interest of the USSR in Southern

_ Africa.

Gerhardt also claimed that information he
gathered was transmitted to the unnamed
country, which converted it into disinforma-'
tion, which he passed on to Soviet agents. :

Because the case was held in camera, we do
not know what military secrets he gave the
Russians and whether those secrets affected
other countries with which South Africa is
associated.

However, from the nature of the position he
‘held, Gerhardt was privy to most of our na-
val and other military secrets. .

He also had a'long run of 21 years as a Soviét
spy before he was caught.

One can rightly assume, therefore, that he

_.must have caused this country incalculable

By his own admission, he visited Moscow five
times — from 1964 to 1983.

Mrs Gerhzrdt admitted accompanying him on
two of thse visits, in 1972 and 1976.

How a South African naval officer could get

cso: 3400/499

33

away with these trips to the Soviet capital,
without being detected, is something we can
only marvel at.

But, then, the Gerhardt case is of such a sensa-
tional nature that the little known about his
activities is sufficiently mind boggling.

* Meanwhile, there are lots of unanswered ques-

tions, like how the couple managed to live
their double lives without their activities be-
ing discovered, whether too much trust was
placed in Gerhardt when there were indica-
tions that the couple’s life style was such that
alarm bells should have rung, and, finally,
whether our counter-intelligence system had
some glaring weaknesses that allowed Ger-
hardt to get away with his spying for so many
years. .

True enough, we ‘are not the only country in
which men have sacrificed their nation’s in-
terests in order co spy for the Soviets. :

But somehcw we had come to believe that
South Africans, especially those who have
reached high rank in our forces, would not
betray their country. ©

Gerhardt was the exception. *

Not only was he a spy, but he spied for a coun-
try which is bent on destroying the existing
order in South Africa and replacing it with its
own puppets.

If Gerhardt’s conviction stands on appeal, he
will have been iucky to get off with a sen-
tence of life imprisonment. .

And if, as is rumoured, ‘he is eventually
swapped for Western spies in Soviet hands,
he will be doubly lucky.

For Gerhardt, on the basis of his conviction,
was ‘a supreme traitor — and such traitors
deserve the death sentence, or, if not

«hanged, tobe incarcerated for life.


cso:

3400/496

voting is a personal affair
which is quite properly
exercised in secret, it is
impertinent for - anyone
else to ‘claim the ‘right to
demand that anyone boy-
cotts any election. Any
such attempt is an’ out-
fageous interference with
the sight to vote for which
we have for generations
been clamouring.’ “And .it
should not be tolerated.
AND THIRD ~~
‘Third, the S.A.1.C. must
be got rid of. It is-a'sad
fact that’ due entirely to
the shenanigins in which
Mr ‘Rajbansi has indulged,

more particularly. the,

shameless and thoroughly
disgraceful manner in
which he has interfered in
educational matters, the
name S.A. Indian Council
stinks these days in the
nostrils of all decent men
and women.

The good that leaders
such as Mr J.N. Reddy
achieved has been ‘smash-
ed to mins, The Indian
public must not be left
exposed to the confusion
that in voting for the
Indian chamber of parlia-
ment, they may be asked

48

to vote for the S.A. In-
dian Council. Any such
association of ideas will
be disastrous for the tri-
cameral system.

It is realised that Afrik-
aner Nationalists never de-
sert those who played the
Nationalists's game — as
the SAIC” members did
when they took up office
on derisory polls in the
face of overwhelming pub-

-lic opposition. Never mind,

Mr Heunis, pay them their
salaries right up to July
if you think. necessary,
but for heaven's sake ask
the ‘present parliament to
pass a simple three-line
ill applying euthenasia to
the SAIC. And will you be-
lieve it, Mr Heunis the
7000 strong TASA and
the thousands of voluntary
Indian Welfare workers will
be delighted to be once
again in the charge of
non-political but pro-
fessionally qualified civil
servants.

‘And so let the election
runap for the Indian
chamber of parliament in
mid-1984 be entirely free
of the taint of the past.



FIRST-HAND REPORT ON FORTIFICATIONS, MISSIONS IN KAVANGO

Durban THE DAILY NEWS. in English 20 Dec 83 p 8

[Article by Jasper Mortimer]

[Text]

RUNDU: “You are
safer here in Rundo
than in any town in
South Africa,” the
sales representative
asserted. “Where in
South Africa do you
have an armed guard
around the town?”

For those who feel
more secure amid the
trappings, of war, he
was right. With a
bomb shelter in every
garden, ‘two military.
bases outside the town,
the two security
fences around the pe-
rimeter, Rundu is un-
doubtedly fortified.

The reason is that
Rundu is the key town.
in a progressively
“hot” area of the
SWA/Namibia war
zone, It is the capital
of Kavango. While
Swapo guerillas have
traditionally used next
door. Owambo for: in-
filtration, they are
now increasingly ex-
ploiting the denser

ush of Kavango.

Yet: what impresses

the casual visitor to"

Rundu {8 not the mili-
tarisation, but the way
the Kavango. people
are getting on with
theit lives, despite the
war.

One cannot tell how
much the people are
affected by passing
through ‘security
fences twice or more
times a day (the town-
ship lies outside the
fence), nor what chil-
dren think of bomb
shelters in their school
yard and policemen
toting rifles in the
main street.

But when one goes
down to the Okavongo

fiver, one: finds teen-.

age. girls’ washing
clothes, men: fishing
with lines and even
bow. and arrow, and
younger. girls wading
with conical‘ fishing
traps. Clothes of all
colours. adorn the
banks, bushes doubling
as washing lines.

Men are stripping
bamboos. to make
mats and fishing traps.
Young boys are pad-
dling a dugout contain-
ing a-bucket of fresh
water.
~ Further along, two
young men in standard
8 are strolling towards
a willow tree under
which they will make
an attempt to swot for
their economics
exams,

21

‘And again when one
travels the 250 kilome-
tre “strategic” road
from Grootfontein to
Rundu, one passes an.
overturned truck next
toa patch in the tar-
mac, presumably a
landmine spot. Bull-
dozers are clearing the
bush for 300 metres on
either side (to make it
more difficult for
Swapo to stage am-
bushes) and the work-
ers. have armed
guards,

But.one also sees
imen diligently carving
the well-known Ka-
vango driums, hacking
at the teak with crude
axes in, the shade of a
roadside tree.

Of course, one might
respond, these people
have to live! But the
impression is of some-
thing more than that.
The Kavango seem to
have a resilience to
the war, and an en-

‘ergy, that stands in

contrast to the desper-
ate faces one meets in
dryer and poorer parts
of southern Africa.
Others seem to have
noticed the Kavango
spirit as well. Accord-
ing to the Standard

NAMIBIA


SOUTH AFRICA

ISLAMIC COUNCIL OFFICIAL REPLIES TO SAIC CHAIRMAN'S LETTER
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 30 Dec 83 p 6
[Article by Dr R A M Salojee, Vice-President Islamic Council of SA, in re-

sponse to a letter by Mr A Rajbansi, Chairman of the South African Indian
Council, SAIC]

{Text ]

IN TRYING to justify par- to the majority party in these fragile threads,
tie in the tricameral white chamber and the uptun Ee cab
constitutional ‘Mr loaded President’s Council, ia admiring” ‘general
Ra, like the National- gives a lie to the simy ait Sad defining restraints
ist indulges in taking sertion that there will be mean- ‘on own affairs, one does devi-
political liberties, ‘ngful sharing of in] ate from the course of opposing
nf te ee entrench toett nore fenly aerate the whole debate
wards a unitary South Africa is be rid of the irksome and un- of participation within the Coo-
an ideal which most peace lov- certain aspects of the Westmin- a Act as being a sin.
sat There will be ng “selfdeter- oa the oo hand and the “bl
minat own affairs’ let” on
thet Re relect the notion that true sense of the word, as this se aniithe sieganening?
through a system which has al- Bul be dependant upon the Tt was. the. that
ready carved up our country broad print Central brought Hitler
into a hotch-potch of home- Gavernmen he the world with bul-
lands and equally. miniscule ee a lets,
Indian and coloured “home- ‘of Tt was the that
lands” in the form of group few longe strings, most of these the Nationalist Party into
areas, with its intended charter oetad in the ve coneoll- prs it was the Stat
of autonomy and “own” affairs in the nownegotable a oe fod i a
— apron string ethnicised cor- pee Government 1 martyred Biko
ridors for group balkinisation. ations mechanics of the and Mkihize, uproo
Our attempts, despite Gov- cant anakes it 3500 000 - with the agony
ernment restraint and ire by of cross-roads, Ciskei and
‘ike Mr ‘Rajoansi, well-nigh impossible to bring fa
active and trustworthy these issues in the inherent in the
bonds of a common front be- form of remedial or opposing. legislatively entrenched,
sechos of South africa, is the "ven te Judtary bas been or oseedt makes the senvle
ay es.
a emasculated in this respect, ploy of a bullet and ballot issue
commitment towards “one
nal domain of the President _ unacceptable. soken, the sug.
te ents and a it is true to say that on that those who
fragmented country is hardly majority of the “Indian! - lave opted to make their-con-
even a means to an GFoup regards self as part tributions towards a better and
‘To suggest that the creation struggle against apartheid, safer South Africa, outside the
of a “white group cham! this does not mean that there Government’s ted insti-
a relegation to are not persons, who have visi- tations: are involved in a vio
down-grade white authority bly demonstrated by their ac- Tent ‘wedded to the
and upgrade coloured and tions, that they are comfort. bullet
Indian ‘of power, is able in the bosom of apartheid. ‘Thus we challenge our oppo-
something even a com aan are at ah the nents to prove and if they can-
servative expert. in constitu, short-term pai the not prove this false allegation
tional development cannot system. then we demand that
honestly promate. ae Ea eng at withdraw such vile and
tn lic the 2 rai, the that apartheld fs one at clous lies. ce
all powerful Presidents alle the seams a re i "Also, our demands for. ati



NAAWU MEN MEET INTERNATIONAL UNION IN GERMANY

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 4 Jan 84 p 3

[Text]

cso:

3400/499

THE National Auto-
mobile and Allied Work-
ers’ Union (Naawa) has
strengthened its links
with one of the largest
international trade
unions — IG Metall in
Germany — which sup-
ports the workers’ strug-
gle in'South Africa.

This was disclosed by*

a. union delegation
which visited Germany
and met with people at
all levels at the 1G
Metall’ congress “which
recently stressed the
need for international
solidarity. .

The delegation .also
visited shop stewards’
councils at the major
motor plants, including
the giant ‘VW plant ‘in
Wolfsburg. -

In their report the del-
egation said that as a re-
sult of the visit 1G

Metall has committed it--

self to fully ‘supporting
the struggles of op-
pressed workers in

60

SouthiAfrica.

They said that the
shop stewards were ex-
tremely interested in the
situation in South Africa
and they ‘discussed the
Federation of Sopth Af-
rican Trade. Union’s
shop steward structure.

The -Naawu © dele-
gation also underlined
the importance of inter-
national links between
workers’ movements.
They say managements
were very co-operative

. and the flow of informa-

tion was “very fast.”

“It is high time that
workers move away
from concerning them-
selves only with the
problems of their facto-
ties. They should’ be
considering all the work-
ers involved in the same
industry right round the
world,” the delegation
said. y

They said this “will
prevent management
from using one group of
workers against another.

SOUTH AFRICA



Judge Explains Citizens' Right to Defense
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 14 Dec 83) ....seseeccsscscssccvccees

Briefs
Construction Materials Factory Reactivated
Blast Furnaces Installed
North Korean Irrigation Project

NAMIBIA

"Secret' War Said Escalating on Angolan Border
(Peter Kenny; RAND DAILY MAIL, 3 Jan 83)....scceceesssceees

First-Hand Report on Fortifications, Missions in Kavango
(Jasper Mortimer; THE DAILY NEWS, 20 Dec 83)...escececeeees

Briefs
New Atlas Published

NIGERIA

Year 1983 Described as Worst in 20 Years for Industry
(WEST AFRICA, No 3462, 19/26 Dec 83)......++.

SENEGAL

Background of Casamance Incidents
(WEST AFRICA, No 3462, 19/26 Dec 83)...sssseccesesceevsees

Briefs :
PIT-PCC Cooperation Agreement

SOUTH AFRICA

Labor Party Calls for Early Election
(THE CITIZEN, 5 Jan 84).......

Gerhardt Spy Activities Viewed as Blow to SA Intelligence
(THE CITIZEN, 3 Jan 84) ..cceceecccccecccevccvceceseceeess

"Biggest Blow’ Ever Received, by Tony Stirling
Reassessment Necessary, by Tony Stirling
Editorial on Gerhardt

Editorial Comment on Blatk Local Election Results
(Various sources, various dates)...

Black Politics

Black Votes

Black Elections

Election of Black Governments
Black Elections

16

17
17
18

19

21

23

24

25

26

27

29

34


are largely people whose governmentsscream the loudest in the United Nations
about South Africa allegedly exhausting the natural resources of the Southwest.
They are doing precisely what they are accusing South Africa of doing--only to a

much more serious extent.

Everywhere in the world there is strong control over the preservation of ocean
fish resources, but it is completely neglected with respect to the Southwest.

Mr Willie van Niekerk, administrator-general of the Southwest, is justly of the
opinion that the attention of the international community should be drawn to that
villainy. It won't help, however, if the matter is discussed only in internation-
al meeting halls. Effective action through heavy fines and other measures by
international bodies of control over the fish catch is urgently needed to nip

the evil in the bud.

On Role of Koevoet in Namibia
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 9 Dec 83 p 22

(Editorial: "Correct Police Action]

[Text] An assurance by a spokesman of the South African Police that the force
does not excuse a member or members of a unit for: committing brutalities but
sees that in a very serious light, andialso that all irregularities receive
attention at the highest level, is of more than just passing importance.

The assurance follows the guilty /veydict and sentencing in South-West Africa of
members of Koevoet, the counter-insurgence unit of the police, who had committed

crimes.

In one case where a Koevoet member was given the death penalty, a civilian had
been murdered in Owanbo while the condemned person was not on duty. He was taken
into custody by other members of Koevoet.

Brutalities by guardians of justice and order is inexcusable of course. But that
is even more true in the case of an insurgent war such as the one the Southwest is

enduring now.

A standard terrorist tactic, namely, is to continuously bring security forces
under suspicion with a never-ending flow of "misinformation" in which the forces

are accused of all sorts of brutalities.

Some credulous souls are far too willing to believe such propaganda, and they are
playing directly into the terrorists’ hands. However, there are also cases, as
now has been proven in the courts of the Southwest, of members of the security
forces playing into terrorists' hands by making themselves guilty of brutalities.

A terrorist war is won not only through action by security forces when they are
on active duty, but also through the image of trust they acquire among the

population.

Just how deplorable it is that some members of the police have exceeded their
authority is indicated by the high commander of the police force with the recent



SOUTH AFRICA

EDITORIAL COMMENT ON FOREIGN POLICY ISSUES

Possible SA-Portugal Talks on Mozambique
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 8 Dec 83 p 12

[Editorial: "Necessary Dialogue"']

[Text] When official discussions take place between Portugal and South Africa
with the intention to involve Mozambique in those also, the activities of the
African National Congress and the Mozambique Resistance Movement will undoubted-

ly be at the top of the agenda.

What those two organizations do or do not do is important for the future useful-
ness of the big white elephant of Africa: the Cabora Bassa project.

That project was an ambitious one which was tackled during a period of colonial
optimism when it was still the intention of the old regime in Lisbon to settle

600,000 Portuguese small farmers in Mozambique.
Circumstances changed and not much of that optimism has remained.

The attitude of the ANC as'’well as South African relaliatory attacks and aid
claimed to be given to the Mozambique Resistance Movement have a decisive in-
fluence on the future usefulness of the expensive hydro-electric project.

The more successful the resistance movement is, the more difficult it will be to
save what can still be saved. President Samora Machel probably realizes that.
He also knows--and it is also generally known in diplomatic circles--that perhaps
he will have to ask the Cubans in the future to keep his FRELIMO government in

Maputo in power.

He does not like that to happen, and he does not want to become a vassal state
like Angola, even though it will be difficult to shake off Moscow's influence.

Foreign aid which is being given to the resistance movement will have to be stop-
ped and, in exchange for that, Machel will have to stop offering a save harbor to

ANC terrorists.

Such a move could lead to better understanding between Pretoria and Maputo and
perhaps make a valid transaction of Machel's useless dam.

38



SOUTH AFRICA

BEELD POINTS TO DANGERS OF ANGOLAN CONFRONTATION
MB130708 Johannesburg BEELD in Afrikaans 10 Jan 84 p 10
[Editorial comment: "First Prize"]

[Text] When the government tells the South African public that our country

is on the brink of confrontation with the UN Security Council, it is not far-
fetched for the man in the street to experience a constriction around the heart
over the thought of where the conflict on the South-West African/Angolan border
is taking us.

On the face of it, the public knows no more nor less than what they are told
officially, and under the circumstances, this will not be or not yet be the
whole story. The one aspect which is brought home in all its gravity is that
which we pointed out in our editorial yesterday: ‘the loss of young South
African lives in a foreign land. It goes without saying that people will ask:
Is it worth it?

Already South Africa has moved away from the brink of confrontation by beginning
the troop withdrawal from southern Angola, having achieved the goal in putting
SWAPO on the run, according to defense force spokesmen. But such a confronta-
tion will never be far away again, for the defense minister has said the defense
force would attack SWAPO again if circumstances demanded such action.

And in the meantime the Russian bear is growling at South Africa.

In all the confusion of this conflict, one thing is clear: There is more in-
volved than SWAPO's onslaught against South-West Africa. This is borne out by
the presence of Soviet advisors among the combined forces of SWAPO, the MPLA,
and the Cubans with whom the South African troops clashed near Cuvelai.

The greater direct involvement of the Russians on the battlefield is a disturb-
ing indication that they do not wish to see their influence in Angola undone.
The converse is also true: The only way of putting an end to the communist-
inspired threat against South Africa would be to thwart the plans of the Russian
tools in Angola--SWAPO, the MPLA, and the Cubans.

63



territory greatly facilitated the task. He also built an open-air movie thea-
ter and--it should have been thought of--bus shelters, which are very useful in

the rainy season.

White Kenyans turn to him instinctively as soon as there is a dossier to be ob-
tained or a few grievances to be expressed. They tend to think of him, if not
as a spokesman, at least as a useful intermediary. He does not refuse to render
a service for them, but is careful not to appear to be obligated.

In the previous government, Philip Leakey occupied the post of vice minister for
environment and natural resources. On the new team, Daniel Arap Moi, the head
of state, has appointed him vice minister for foreign affairs. Even though that
post does not involve heavy responsibilities, he nonetheless considers it a
"great honor," though he does not understand it, that he is on the list of the
president's official associates.

When he was at the environment ministry, he welcomed voters. They felt so free
to go there that he received 22,000 of them in the last 4 years. "And that's
not counting telephone calls," he adds.

At the foreign affairs ministry, on the other hand, there is a certain "eti-
quette" to be observed. It would be improper for too many ordinary citizens
from Wananchi to clutter up the corridors of the "Kenyan Quai d'Orsay." "I
will have to receive many foreign visitors," Philip Leakey acknowledges; he is
dreaming of opening a real office elsewhere, in another part of the city. Dif-
ferent kinds of people should not be inter-mingled.

For now, people continue to line up in his ministerial anteroom. That woman
nursing her baby is not the least bit in the world impressed by the diplomat in
the proper suit whom she passes in the corridor. Here she feels somewhat at
home. She is waiting for "her'' deputy. It makes no difference whether he is
white or black, provided he takes an interest in her fate. Voters are the same

everywhere.

8946
CSO: 3419/281



cso:

3400/496

customers happy.

Mr Hall said that while South
African chrome exporters have
to date only been requested to
maintain their. normal level of
shipments to Japan, the expect-
ed increased demand next year.
is symptomatic of a. marke
‘turnaround. i :

But he warned, there is inevi-
tably an overreaction as buyers
tend to overorder when it .is
clear that demand for end-prod-
ucts is inereasing. For this. rea-
son the first six months of next
-year could be a period of fluc-
tuating orders as the de-
mand/supply situation settles
down. .

However, Mr Hall ‘said that
South Afri¢an suppliers should
be able to keep pace with de-
mand and pointed out that some
Jocal.producers in 1983 operated
as low as 40 ‘percent of capacity.

“If there are any delays in
‘meeting demand this will sim-
ply be a period of gearing up
production to the increased off-
take,” he said.

50



The English are perhaps still ninety-percent guilty of racism. And if they
really examine their own hearts honestly, the many black and brown groups will
admit to similar sins-~including the one of inverted anti-white prejudices.

In this season of goodwill to all men and prayers for peace on earth then, it

is not too much to ask that all people everywhere put aside petty prejudices
and look to the goodness in the next man.

CSO: 3400/496

56



popular participation, Jorge Rebelo called attention to the need of
eliminating certain mistakes that were made inthe choice of some of the
10-family groups leaders, He emphasized that the latter must be known and
chosen by the families they represent, In some cases, these representatives
were merely pointed out by organizations on a higher level or chosen
bureaucratically without popular participation. "We must. make democracy

live beginning with the grass-roots, at the bedrock foundation of our society."

Yesterday's meeting under the guidance of the city's first secretary was es-
sentially a moment. of "auscultation" of the difficulties faced by these new
organizations in the performance of their duties. In an eloquent and prolonged
dialog with the participants, who numbered about 30, Jorge Rebelo asked
several questions about the detail regarding the operation of these various

organizations.
Cadres that Ignore Democracy at the Grass-roots

"One of the main difficulties we are. facing is the mobilization of residents
who are managers or heads in the places where they work," said one of the
10-family.group leaders. "Most of these individuals are the first to set a
bad example. Neither they nor their families take part in any of the tasks in
their districts. In their jobs, they are responsible officials. But here at
the grass-roots, they are unacquainted.with democratic life."

The same participant, backed up by other leaders of city blocks and 10-family
groups, also told of cases of intimidation and threats made by cadres of the
Defense and Security Forces.

"When we are doing our owrk at the district level, some of these commanders,
although they are themselves residents, show a lack of respect for us and
refuse to conduct themselves like the rest of the population."

According to the reports made at the meeting, "Operation Production," the
objective of which earned the praise of the representatives of these grass-
roots organizations, was, however, described as a source of many conflicts
between them and some of those officials who wanted to protect the members
of their families.

Criminal Activity and Food Supply: Main Sources of Concern.

In expressing the feelings of the families who live in their blocks, they also
spoke of. their concern about the fact that the crime index has increased,
especially with respect to robberies. "We are convinced that many thieves and
marginal offenders remained in hiding during the initial. phase of 'Operation
Production,’ but are now about to return in force," said one of the partici-
pants in the dialog as he gaye examples of known marginal offenders in the

district.

In dealing with other aspects of the social and economic life of the districts,
blocks and families they represent, the leaders also laid special emphasis on

10



JPRS-SSA-84-011

25 January 1984

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CoNTENTS

CAMEROON

Concern Shown About Ignoring Anglophones, Personality Cult
(Ndiva Kofele-Kale; WEST AFRICA, No 3461, 12 Dec 83)...... 1

GABON
Briefs :
Morena Press Conference Banned 3
GHANA
Briefs
Official Returns From Exile 4
University Students Reapply for Admission 4
IVORY COAST
Briefs
Telephone Link With Mali 5
KENYA

Attitude of White Parliament Member Described
(Jacques de Barrin; LE MONDE, 18-19 Dec 83)......eeeeeeeeee 6

MOZAMBIQUE

Rebelo Stresses Importance of Grass-Roots
CNOTECIAS, 8 Dec 83) ..cecceesececeesccensscesceesesseeenes 9

Repair of Bridge Over Zambeze in Second Stage
(DIARIO DE MOZAMBIQUE, 3 Dec 83) ..cceseeesecceeveceseceees. 12

Possible: Use of Domestic Amianthus in Manufacture of Plates,

Pipes
(DIARIO DE MOZAMBIQUE, 5 Dec 83) ..ececceecceecscccceceeess 14

-a- [III - NE & A - 120)

eee



where specifications for
arms and related equip-
ment fall into the hands of
hostile powers, the results
can be extremely preju-
dicial, for it enables the
- enemy to supply just the
right amount of firepower
in the event of an armed
confrontation.

It is now being widely
assumed, nat without
cause, that some of the
more accurate specula-
tions South Africa’s ene-
mies have indulged in
over recent years about it
sources of supply came as
a result of intelligence fed
into the Russian intelli-
gence pipeline by Cdre
Gerhardt.” °

A third area of damage
caused by. the Gerhardt
affair involves the cred-
ibility dent it has made in
South Africa’s _intelli-
gence services, particular-
ty counter-intelligence.

Kim Philby

As in the case of Brit-
ain’s Kim Philby, an epi-
sode which has caused
continuing distrust be-
tween the British and
their American counter-
parts, so too has a meas-
ure of distrust been sown
on the effectiveness of
South African _ intelli-
gence.

In the wake of the Ger-
hardt affair, the author-
ities are certain to take a
long, hard look at count-
er-intelligence in South
Africa and define with
precision just which of the
country’s three _intelli-
gence gathering arms
should be responsible for
this key area.

To the Russians, Ger-
hardt will remain valuable
property and it will not be
surprising to see
Soviets try to work some
exchange involving the
sociable Simonstown
Commodore, probably
via the Americans.

‘Whether or not the
South Africans * would
agree to’such an exchange.
remains to be seen. For

fio matter: how thorough
the debriefings Gerhardt
thay have ‘undergone;
Gerhardt’s extensive
knowledge of Nato and
the South Atlantic and In-
dian Ocean arenas, would
make him an evaluator of
importance.

According to American
intelligence the spying ca-
reer of Cdre Gerhardt fol-
lowed an unusual path.
The indications are he
was what the spy com-
munity refers to as a
“walk-in.”

This would simply have
entailed walking into the
Russian embassy in Lon-
don during his posting to
Britain in the early

Distrusted

“Walk-ins” are univer-
sally distrusted in the spy
business because it is gen-
erally found that such
agents are _ either
“plants,” have been com-
promised, or are unsta-
ble.

Because of the assump-
tion that such an agent
will be “blown” within a
short space of time,
“walk-ins” are invariably
pumped for as much in-
formation as possible
from the beginning.

From the charge sheet
in the Gerhardt trial it can
be deduced that the
Soviets must have been
immediately. impressed
with the calibre of infor-
mation he suplied, for the
treatment he was af-
forded soon became that
of a fully fledged agent on
whom no expense in
training and equipment
was spared,

Gerhardt would have
found it easy to establish
the right connection on
approaching. any Soviet
embassy. Western intelli-
gence sources estimate
that up to 30 percent of
Soviet’ embassies are
staffed by members of the
Komitet Gosundrustven-
nos Bezopasnosti (KGB)
while a further 12 percent
may be members of the
Glavhoye Rasvedyvatel-

31

noye Upravleniye, the
GRU.

The KGB, Russia’s
main intelligence organi-
sation, is responsible for
internal and externat se-
curity and intelligence
and general operations. ,

Liberation armies.

The GRU, on the other:
hand specialises in mili-
tary intelligence and
among other things is re-'
sponsible for training
members of the so-called’
“liberation armies.”

As is the case else-
where, rivalry exists be-
tween the KGB and GRU
as intelligence bodies but
there is co-ordination and
co-operation on mutters
of national interest.

In Gerhardt’s case, be-
cause of the essentially
military: nature of his in-
formation, it is probable
that his primary connec-
tion was with the GRU,
but in the light of the pol-
itical relevance of some of
his suspected disclosures,
there can -be no doubt
that the KGB became
more and more interest-
ed.

The indictment against
Gerhardt’ and his wife
Ruth was revealing in
many senses.

First of all it mentions a
communications network
with Soviet agents which
operated from 1962 until
his arrest earlier this year.

‘This included the use of
so-called dead ‘letter
boxes, drops, radio trans-
missions, couriers
personal visits to foreign
countries, as well as mak-
ing use of secret codes,
writing, films and false
travel documents.

Obviously, it is necess-
ary for the successful spy,
both to receive instruc-
tions on what is required
of him and to communi-
cate the intelligence he
acquires to his handlers.

Embassy staff

Organisations such as
the KGB and GRU usual-
ly have “resident” struc-



EFFECTIVENESS OF INDIAN MOVEMENT QUESTIONED

Durban POST NATAL in English 21-24 Dec 83 p 17

{Article by Ameen Akhalwaya:

[Text]

SAIC ....South Afri-
can Indian Circus, its
opponents tagged it.
But was it all that
bad?

Three years ago,
while working as politi-
cal reporter for a Jo-
hannesburg newspaper,
I persuaded my editor
to allow me to go to an
SAIC session in Durban.
The purpose? To find
out what my “eie sak”
parliament was up to in.
my name.

To my surprise, I
found that the SAIC op-
ponents were wrong.
This was no circus. It
was more fun than that.
It was the SA Indian
Carnival.

A few days before the
SAIC session, the execu-
tive of the Reform
Party, which held the
majority in the SAIC,
had suspended top
members Amichand
Rajbansi, Gopi Munsook
and Baldeo Dookie.

The trio was said to
have criticised the
party leader and chair-
man of the SAIC, Yellan
Chinsamy, for writing
to the Prime Minister
and. for making Press
statements calling for
the scrapping of the
SAIC.

"The SAIC Carnival and the Muslim Party Clowns"]

Now us up-country
visitors had not been
aware of any skuldug-
gery within the Reform
Party. We were only in-
terested in the great de-
bates to come in the
“Indian parliament”.

We were in, not for a
surprise, Amazement
was the better descrip-
tion.

For hardly had we
taken our seats before
Mr Dookie and Mr Chin-
samy were involved in
heated exchanges. In a
parliament, it would
have been the equiva-
lent of an MP arguing
with the Speaker, and
the MP would have
been thrown out.

Mr Chinsamy asked
Mr Dookie to get a pro-
poser and a seconder
for a motion of no confi-
dence in him. Instead,
Mr Dookie told the
chairman to “get out”.

Mr Rajbansi an-
nounced he would form
his own party, which
would seek affiliation to
the SA Black Alliance,
headed by Chief Gatsha
Buthelezi, of which the
Reform Party was al-
ready a member.

Mr Rajbansi said he
could “not sit with hyp-
ocrites”, which might
have been ruled by an

73

SOUTH AFRICA

unparliamentary re-
mark in a real parlia-
ment. Anyway, other
Reform *Party mem-
bers, including Salaam
Abram-Mayet, an-
nounced they would re-
sign in sympathy. (Mr
Abram-Mayet, it
emerged that day, had
been nominated to the
new President's Coun-

cil).

It was heady stuff,
enough for a journalist
to keep his notebooks
full and to keep the Car-
nival’s opponents in
stitches for months.

But that was nothing.
During a tea break, an
SAIC member, after the
customary Muslim sa-
laam, took me aside
and whispered in a con-
spiratorial voice: “It’s
time-we Muslims got
together and took. con-
trol. These chaps are
going to sell us out.”

Now the man himself
was regarded as one of
Pretoria’s blue-eyed
boys, so I was taken
aback by his reference
to others as “sell-outs”.

All the same, I was
taken aback by his sug-
gestion, and expressed
my disgust.

The SAIC man imme-
diately apologised, say-
ing he had been joking


‘SECRET’ WAR SAID ESCALATING ON ANGOLAN BORDER

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 3 Jan 84 p7

[Article by Peter Kenny]

[Text]

strafed and killed each other.
War ‘and the Ogaden
it ina of foreign corre-

lents.

But for people observing wars in the:
headlines, southern Africa’s latest con-
flict seems to be a statement war.

Communications in that region of
northern South West Africa south-
ern Any ela are bad, and distances to be
cor are huge. A journalist trying
get to the flashpoln
‘might get there days after the
Flying in a chartered plane, he will
probably be rocketed down.

Because it is being fought in a huge
area of southern Angola, it is watched,
‘analysed and discussed for the Western
‘world from two capital cities, Pretoria
and‘Lisbon. :

Pretoria, because that is the head-

warters of the South African Defence
ree, and Lisbon because that ts the
‘clearing house of statements from the
official Angolan news aj 7, Angop.

And what is the war al legedly being
fought about? The

South

slaught from 800 to 1 000 Swapo guerril-
fas ietirati from Angola, tre ehle! of
the F, al Constand Viljoen,
told military correspondents in South

19

Africa last week.

“He said seven companies of Swapo’s
military wing were attempting to
ogola ine four prongedaltack ak

a four al ig
advantage of the season, a habit
‘of the insurgents who take advantage of
plentiful supplies of water to sustain

and. grow the vegetation that
them protection against the se-

curity forces.

And, after the worst drought this cen-
which has left the fragile economy
g-and a normally ed land
devastated, South West Africa appears
ipo a progres tis eles
— a sign of progress jea-

auered territory,
+ Both General Viljoen and South Afri-
can Foreign Minister, Mr Pik Botha,
have said unequivocally that “South
Africa cannot sit with folded hands
while hundreds of Swapo terrorists in-
filtrate South West Africa to commit
murder,” using Angola as their stepping

‘Parlier, during December, South
Africa held out an olive branch offering
a ceasefire and a halt to cross border
operations from January 31.

‘This, of course, would have to have
been met with an undertaking from the
Angolan -government that it would not
allow Swapo to use its territory as a
launching pad for attacks into SWA by

ich forces. .

"The ruling MPLA pe Angola

ty in
‘and Swapo rejected the South African
ce offer ase ploy, and since then all
voc has broken loose in Southern An-
la as South Africa has unleashed its
forces in a “limited pre-emptive
strike”, as General Viljoen described it.
‘The official news ai ‘of Angola,
Angop, claimed that three South Afri-
‘ean motorised brigades had invaded to
Cassinga, where forces from South
‘West Africa made a ferocious attack in
1979 killing and capturing hundreds of

le,
PenaKOP also claimed that South Africa

NAMIBIA


NOTE

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mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
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given by source.

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from the dam. The Town Clerk of Wolmaransstad, Mr H Schreuder, said the town
were fortunate to have boreholes to pump from. Water was also being brought
in from the Vaal Dam. However, it is unlikely that the restrictions would be
lifted until good rains had fallen. [Excerpts] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in
English 4 Jan 84 p 2]

SA POLAR TEAM EMBARKS-~CAPE TOWN--A large crowd of people were on hand to say
goodbye to family members and friends sailing with the South African Polar re-
search vessel, SA Agulhas, when she left port for Sanae base in Antarctica
yesterday afternoon. The SA Agulhas is carrying vehicles, two helicopters,
stores and equipment and about 80 people, including the new 16-man take-over
team for the coming year. Also included is a group of surveyors and geolo-
gists who will do research in the mountain range between the South African and
German base. The SA Agulhas will tend several automatic weather stations and
place a tide gauge and deploy some automatic weather buoys in the South Sand-
wich, Gough and Bouvet Island areas. Aboard are 15 German scientists and
technicians. Thirteen of them are sailing in the Aulhas as far as the George
von Neumayer station, the German station in Antartica. "The SA Agulhas will
then go to Sanae base with two German geologists, Professor G Spaeth and
Professor M Peters, who will conduct research in Antartica with South African
scientists in the mountains near the base. Their work on the ice-cap will in-
volve measuring the growth and movements of ice on the frozen continent, and
the effect of the changing world climate on the ice. The two professors will
return with the SA Agulhas which is expected in Cape Town on February 28.
[Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 29 Dec 83 p 5]

WILDLIFE BODY TO MONITOR ARMSCOR--The Wildlife Society will be policing the
activities of Armscor in the De Hoop area. Mr Vincent Carruthers, executive
director of the Wildlife Society in Southern Africa, said that this would be
done to ensure that the assurances given by Armscor are continually met. He
said that the society had serious misgivings about the development of the
Armscor missile-testing site at De Hoop. These are: --That in spite of Arm-
scor's assurance that its activities would not be environmentally damaging,
the situation might change in five to 10 years’ time if a spread of military
action occurred in South Africa. --The building of roads to service-testing
activities would bisect the delicately integrated ecological systems in the
reserve. "We recommend that a standing committee be elected to maintain
Permanent communication between Armscor and conservation organisations," said
Mr Carruthers. This committee should consist of the Hey Commission and some
additional botanical experts. "The society was pleased to note that environ-
mental monitoring would be done by a recognised authority, the Cape Department
of Nature and Environmental Conservation," said Mr Carruthers. [Text] [Johan-
nesburg THE STAR in English 20 Dec 83 p 14M]



Attempts in the US, Congress to prevent South Africa from exercising its rights as
an old and worthy member of the IMF and borrowing money from that organization
are lamentable. The minister of finance justly fears that it will be a sad day
when political considerations determine whether a country can borrow money or not.

It is a shame that South Africa now will have to try to do business with the IMF
under a cloud of political prejudices--or may even be prevented from freely
entering into loans.

The world cannot afford not to let the IMF play its important and non-political
role. Minister [of Finance] Horwood even thinks that this political interference
and orders to the IMF create dangerous precedents and.could mean the beginning of
the end of the organization. For how many countries will still ask the IMF for
help if politics is the standard for their credit worthiness?

South Africa's enemies in the U.S. Senate--where republican supporters of President
Reagan fortunately were able to get the drastic decision watered down in a com-
promise proposal--don't realize that IMF loans are of economic advantage to every
South African, thus also to the blacks in this country.

Now the American minister of finance will be expected to supply a certificate
with certain guarantees on the conditions of the loan before the United States

gives its support to an IMF loan for South Africa.

No matter how discriminating this is toward South Africa, we will have to live
with it. An absolute prohibition on loans would have been far worse.

Nuclear Weapons Issue
Pretoria DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 23 Nov 83 p 20
(Editorial: "Nuclear Weapons; The Reality" ]

[Text] The American people were filled with horror and disgust after they had
been exposed to the horrible results of nuclear war on television on Sunday night.
The very realistic TV movie could only shock viewers to the depths of their souls.

The movie once again made humankind thoroughly aware of the fact that nuclear arms
are the greatest horror of our period.

Already before the broadcast serious debate on nuclear arms was taking place, and
afterward it increased in intensity. Of course there are two sides: those who
want the United States to abandon its nuclear arms unilaterally, and those who say
that a strong nuclear arsenal will act as an antidote to Soviet aggression or

threat.

The first group is playing with death, or at least with ruthless subjugation by
the Soviet Union, which will not shy away from using nuclear arms for its final
goal of world domination.

43



LABOR PARTY CALLS FOR EARLY ELECTION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 5 Jan 84 pp 1, 2

[Text]

he was very
with the . The party
had the and

‘Twenty groups met be-
hind closed doors yester-
day to discuss the issue.
All were agreed that a re-
be too

27

$31.2.
Hine
FH 58 i 5
ready

l
i
A

it
iF

SOUTH AFRICA


The elections of the past few days are the first ones under the Law on Black Local
Governments which went into effect at the beginning of August. The new governments
veplace the old community councils to a great. extent and will be able to achieve
full municipal status, comparable to that of white municipalities,

Many different factors contribute in influencing voters. Amongst others, there
was skepticism about the plan to grant a higher status to the newly elected
governments. This skepticism has been thoroughly exploited by activists who do
everything possible to discredit the intentions of the government with respect to
blacks. At the same time, voters were both covertly and openly intimidated into
not voting. A lack of interest also played a role among certain voters of course.

With so many factors at play, hasty conclusions should therefore be avoided.
The fact remains that the average voting percentage was higher than that of the

previous community councils elections.

The results do prove, however, that a long and difficult path of persuasion and
the creation of mutual welwillingness lie ahead for the government. In that
respect a heavy responsibility is carried by the cabinet committee which is now

looking into the position of urban blacks.

Election of Black Governments

Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 7 Dec 83 p 10

[Text] It has been said that they key question for the elections of black local
governments is not which candidates will win but how many people will vote.

That is largely true, for the strongest opposition in the elections came from

boycott groups such as the United Democratic Front, the Soweto Civic Association,
the Azanian People's Organization and to some extent Inkhata, which did not par-
ticipate as an organization but left it up to its members' own preference to vote

or not to vote.

Part of the non-attendance votes--but definitely only part of them--can be counted

as a vote for those radical organizations which more or less advocate a rapid black
take-over in South Africa. They have the advantage that they can claim the support
of all those absentee voters. They have the disadvantage that they cannot prove it.

Through their proclamation of radical ideas and their intimidation they will cer-
tainly have to be reckoned with as an influence in black political life.

The antidote is the new local governments with their broad powers plus whatever may
be thought up to give the urban black a vote in the central government. And much

will depend on the success of the new system.

That success, in its turn, will depend on two factors, amongst others: the quality
of the elected candidates and the financial capacity of the councils to meet their
obligations.

While the economic development of those previously sleeping villages must be
placed in the highest gear, they will, however, have to be highly subsidized for
many years by the central government.

36



SPREAD OF RINDERPEST DISEASE FEARED

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 21 Dec 83 p 4

[Text]

cso:

3400/496

SOUTH Africa could
be affected by the rin-
derpest disease which
is spreading through
Southern Africa,
RD. Bigalke, director
of the Veterinary Re-
search Institute, said.
Tanzania is suffering,
Mozambique and Zim-
babwe are under threat
and South Africa can be
affected, he'says.

- Onderstepoort Veteri-
nary Research Institute
has recently made a
million doses of rinder-
pest vaccine to protect
South Africa’s borders
and for external use.

Game is highly sus-
ceptible to the disease.

Rinderpest, which
scourged Africa at the
turn of the century, has
now spread to 28 coun-
tries, 30 years after it
was nearly eradicated
from the continent.

By the éarly 1960s the
fight against the disease
left only small areas of
infection in southern So-
maliland, southern
Sudan, southern Ethio-
pia and northern Ugan-
da.

Since then, however,
veterinary services in
many parts of Africa
have collapsed or be-
come diluted and strict
controls are no longer
enforced. :

The result is that the
disease has been al-
lowed to spread by the
free movement of cattle
and game across boun-
daries. Previously veter-
inary departments con-
trolled stock movements
and enforced vaccina-
tion programmes and
isolated infected areas.

There is a massive
tsestse. fly belt between
Tanzania and South
Africa, which reduces
the chances of the dis-
ease spreading.

However, there is a
danger that people will
bring animals and ani-
mal products by ship
close to South Africa.

The South African Di-
vision of Veterinary Ser-
vices ‘keeps a stock of
2,5-million doses of rin-
derpest serum on hand
at-all times should an
emergency arise. This
vaccine is highly effec-
tive.:

SOUTH AFRICA



cso:

3400/436

Encyclopaedia of
Southern Africa, the
Roman Catholic and
Lutheran churches
have built 39 missions
in Kavango — an ex-
straordinary concentra-
tion for a mere 112 000
inhabitants.

The missions, like
the people, are con-
centrated along the
Okavango. Flowing for
370 kilometres along
the border with Ango-
la, this river is the
people’s tap, washba-
sin, fishing ground and
cattle-trough. It is the
centre of life,

I drove to one mis-
sion at Sambiu, 35 ki-
lometres east of
Rundu.

With a staff of one
ageing priest and eight
sisters (four of them
Kavango), Father Ber-
nard van Roosmalen
runs a clinic, a school
for 500 and a hostel for
300 pupils who live far

away.

The mission is fund-
ed by “good people” in
Germany and Holland
and Father van Roos-
malen has been there
since 1950.

In this war,'he said,
“the people sit be-
tween two fires”.

“Koevoet (the police
counter-insurgency
unit) chases Swapo,

Swapo comes to the
people and asks for
food, then Koevoet
comes in and begins to
hit the people for giv-
ing food to Swapo.”

His words seem to
be confirmed by a re-
cent court case where
a Koevoet sergeant,
convicted of assaulting
a villager, : testified
that Kavango was,
“rotten with Swapo”
and the Security Po-
lice got “no co-opera-
tion” from the locals.

And what was the
mission’s attitude to
the war?

“We are neutral,”
said Father van Roos-
malen, ‘we see the
rights. and wrongs of
both sides.”

Sambiu has no secu-
rity fence and appears
not to need one. Fa-
ther Van Roosmalen
has heard that when
Swapo guerillas ap-
proach, they ask what
the “white people are
doing” and then leave
the mission alone.

So far not one of
Sambiu’s pupils has
left to fight in the war,
he said. Compared to
the school-leaving that
afflicted Rhodesia’s
missions during the
war, Sambiu’s record
is impressive.



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

DROUGHT AID PROGRAM ENDS~-THE Government's drought relief programme in the
National States ends this week. The Chief Director of Agriculture in the De-
partment of Co-operation and Development, Dr Hamburger, announced earlier that
the almost R18-million granted for drought relief by the Government had been
spent by his department and the governments of the National States. Eight
million rand of this sum had been spent on providing water and R6,2 million in
creating jobs. Dr Hamburger said the drought had been broken in almost all
the states and that a good agricultural year was in the offing. Reports of
damage to vineyards, cotton fields, washed away roads and drowned sheep have
been received from many parts of the north-western Cape after Wednesday eve-
ning's violent thunder storms. Between 75 mm and 50 mm of rain was measured
in the Kakamas and Augrabies districts. The Noudonzies irrigation scheme was
flooded and washed away in places and 45 mm of rain was measued at Briquastad,
24 mm at Wilgenhoutsdrif, 21 mm at Danielskuil and 75 mm in the Groblershoop
district. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 Dec 83 p 8]

SQUAD 15 SWEEP--DURBAN--The same police squad which helped track down the sus-
pected killers of peacemaker Mr Neil Alcock on Tuesday netted 60 people for
questioning about Monday's attack on a police patrol which left four men dead.
Two helicopters from Durban's 15th Squadron flew in foot patrols and dogs as
the riot squad swept through 35 sq km of rugged terrain. [Text] [Johannesburg
THE CITIZEN in English 5 Jan 84 p 5]

DROUGHT HITS TOWNS--WOLMARANSSTAD and most of the Schweizer Reyneke area are
still suffering from the worst drought in memory. In spite of heavy rainfalls
in some parts of the country, the two areas have had hardly any and are still
under severe water restrictions. Certain parts of the districts have received
a mere 50 mm of rainfall the entire season. The normal rainfall level is 600
mm for the year. The MPC for Schweizer Reyneke, Mr L Bester, said good rains
from now on would carry the farmers through the winter after what had been a
disastrous season. Mr Bester's farm Bosrand, has recieved 175 mm the whole
season. Farmers in the area have not been able to plant their usual crops.
"The time for planting has passed", Mr Bester said "the only thing the farmers
might be able to grow now are sunflowers." Lucerne, corn and grass are
brought in every day from the Western Cape. Another serious problem facing
the area is the dead fish in the dam. On the farm Kareepan of Mr Boet Oost-
huizen all the fish have died and have had to be removed. A resident of Wol-
maransstad, Mr B Taljaard, said the municipality was still removing dead fish

87



KENYA

ATTITUDE OF WHITE PARLIAMENT MEMBER DESCRIBED
Paris LE MONDE in French 18-19 Dec 83 p 6
[Article by Jacques de Barrin: "The White Deputy's Complex-Free Solitude'']

[Text] Nairobi--There is nothing he can do about it. God made him this way--
white--and not some other way. The voters of the Langata district--a Nairobi
neighborhood--have not held it against him in any case, since they have sent him
to a seat in Parliament for the second consecutive time. However, Philip Leakey
was facing 10 opponents, including Achieng Oneko, who is close to the old so-
cialist leader, Oginga Odinga and who publicly criticized Leakey in veiled terms
for the color of his skin and urged his audience to fight for "true" independence
for Kenya.

He does not owe his success to the 2,000 or so white Kenyans. The 10,244 votes
he garnered beside his name are basically those of black citizens, all ethnic

groups, all religions and all conditions combined. "Voters are looking more and
more to be free of racial and tribal criteria in making their selection," he ex-
plains. "I am a common denominator; in my previous term I proved my ability to

remain above the battle."

Philip Leakey, 34, the only white member of Parliament, did not go very far in
school. "I have a scientific training, acquired through experience and family
contacts," he admits. Is he not the young son of the famour anthropologist,
Louis Leakey? Since he was 17 he has been interested in politics, "the best way
to contribute to the country's development." In 1974 he made a futile bid for a
term as deputy, and failed.

Thoroughly rooted in the African soil where his family established itself three
generations ago, Philip Leakey claims to be a full-fledged Kenyan. He has never
been away for very long from his native land. His longest absence was a 3-month
stay in a secondary school in Great Britain. "I was sent up.there against my
will," he says defensively.

This descendant of British immigrants boasts quite naturally that he thinks and
acts as an African, which he has virtually never ceased to be. "Three fourths of
the time I speak Swahili (one of the country's two official languages, English
being the other one), even at home with my wife and children," he states.



SOUTH AFRICA

UDF MESSAGE FOR 1984 ISSUED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 31 Dec 83 p 4

[Text] DESPITE its‘¥etérin ma- achieved an-unpreceden-
noeuvres, the Government ted level of mobi ato
had “continued to intensify Tehad® “thorough! rat tite
‘its belligerent:and ropes cee in opt institu
ae Rare Bene ate ral ie jum siete
G ed. Democratic : nor anor, partners
Front ‘ald in a New Year am:
sage yea yesterday. . ee tera the new
Howev 1983 had witnessed ‘constitution, the “Black
the: growth. of the “largest Local Authorities Act and
mass resistance move- fe management commit-
ment since the: "e8S systet
Alliance ee, marmely te mer he message ge said ald that: maker
wi
more than 2 ‘Q-mifllion F Shea Sie the the ULF ipsa:
ple,” the message said. ~ed the building ‘
‘The message, issued by. UDF. unity the: ne egthening of
Pee ota. sald Mr iisation
the te inten fication of cam-
Government te eatinved ' palgns against the consti-:)
_.to-attack Angola and otter ion, the. Koornhof Bills,
_ pelghbou states in ca forced removals and .con-
jerance. jon:
“destaniisatio, to The. cube is.also to put maxi-
“UDF meet tings and to hare mum energy into its:signa-
rass and: nd deta in UDF mem- turé campaign to, demon-
pe anid suy ters 4 strate the measure of its:
ic mention had, ipport..
ar be made of the “atroc-« “we yin conviniced ‘that: our
ities” in the Ciskei and the. people see the UDF as 4
-continued “brutal uproot- significant movemeiit ‘in
ing of our people in Tnany the ‘struggle for a nonra-
parts of the country”. eial democratic South:
Despite these acts of the-re- Africa.”

gime,; the UDF had

CSO: 3400/496



cso:

and was merely testing
my reaction, No.sconer
had he departed than
another member came
along, also saying “we
Muslims” should get to-
gether to get the the
others out.

I dismissed him with
.a few choice expletives.
I reasoned that if Mr
Dookie could get away
with telling the chair-
man in the chamber to
get out, I could get
away with swearing in
the SAIC tearoom.

That was not the end
of the super Muslims.

Two years ago, dur-
ing the Carnival elec-
tion campaign, an aspi-
rant SAIC member took
prominent older Mus-
lims aside and told
them they had to unite
to keep “the Tamils and
Hindus” out.

Fortunately, few took
him or the other candi-
dates seriously. But he
did reflect a certain
mentality. Thus, if ru-
mours do indeed turn
out to be well-founded
that some of these peo-
ple are now trying to
form a “Muslim party”,
the move will come as
no surprise.

Some claim they
want to get the power-
hungry Mr Rajbansi
out.

If they want to get
Mr Rajbansi out, that’s
fine, but they should not
do so in the guise of a
*“Muslim Party”. Few of
us support Mr Rajban-
si’s political standpoint,
but to his credit, he has

3400/496

not stooped to such sec-
tional nonsense,

If these people go
ahead with the “Muslim
Party”, they will earn
the scorn of Muslims as
well as non-Muslims.
For a start, adherents
of Islam are made up of
all colours and races.

In South Africa, the
Improper Political In-
terference Act allows
only members of one
“population group” to
be members of. the
same political party.
Thus a uniracial Indian
“Muslim Party” would
be un-Islamic.

Islam is adamant
that leaders be picked
“from the best among
you”, irrespective of
colour. Some of the best
among us are in jail or
in exile and are of a dif-
ferent colour, so we
cannot have them in our
party in terms of the
law.

Third, Islam rejects

“racism outright and

that means rejecting a
racist political institu-
tion such as the SAIC.
Thus a uniracial “Mus-
lim Party” in.a unira-
cial’ political body
would also be un-Islam-

ie. 5

It would be more ap-
propriate to call the
party formed on these
lines anti-non-Muslim,
rather a ‘‘Muslim
Party”. No matter how
its members argue their
way out or how much
they may protest, we
will regard them as

being ‘against non-Mus-
lims.

In other words ‘they
will use Islam to cloak
their sectionalism and
bigotry.

For, if they have
their way, how soon be-
fore’we have a Tamil
Party, or Gujerati
Party or Hindu Party.
And how far ‘away will
we be away from a
Maiman Party, a Surti
Party or a Miabhai
Party?

‘Thankfully, until now,
what is. called “the In-
dian community” has
been free, at least in
public, ‘of bigotry, sec-
tionalism and caste in
politics. The foundation
laid here by Gandhi was
admirably followed by
Drs Yusuf Dadoo and
Monty “Naicker and
others in avoiding a
spillover fram the In-
dian sub-continent.

But the ‘Muslim
Party” backers have
taught us — or con-
firmed — a lesson:
some of those who are
prepared to’serve in a
racist body such as the
SAIC will not surprise
anyone by going in as
sectionalists.

If anyone wants to
vote for them, that is
his prerogative. The
rest of us will continue
to oppose ‘them as
fiercely as we have op-
posed the SAIC, until
the Carnival is over and
the majority of South
Africans. get ‘their own
show on the road.



In the words of Mr George Shultz, the United States’ minister of foreign affairs,
a similar bogey is "the peace and freedom the world would have if an Ayatollah
Khomeini or Muammar al-Qaddafi had the only nuclear arms."

The seriousness of the Soviet threat is once again emphasized by the current
smuggling of sophisticated computers from the United States to the Soviet Union.

Even South Africa's name is involved in that.

Nuclear arms, no matter how terrifying they are, have come to stay. Unfortunately
they cannot be wished away. Thus it would be insane to give one country or one

group an exclusive right to them.

Fortunately we think that the American leaders will not give in to pressure and
that that country, the leader and guardian of the Western democracy, will utilize
nuclear power with responsibility for that objective.

Cartoon on U.S. Role

Bloemfontein DIE VOLKSBLAD in Afrikaans 1 Dec 83 p 18

[Text] "Hi, Uncle Sam, Prove your bravery and help us exterminate that dangerous
we Senne ee TH ga

ee

O Bye x ||

monster! tii

)

8700
CSO: 3401/31

44



Chief Minister Gatshe Buthelezi was warned at the time by the NRP not to ask for
a “one person, one vote" status in the Buthelezi Commission.

The NRP, which enjoys strong support in Natal and thus is liked by the Zulus, is
sorry that there are bad feelings now. Captain Buthelezi will soon realize that
he will have to negotiate in the interest of his own people.

Mr Raw says he is convinced that in the future a fourth chamber will have to be
created for blacks who do not live in the homeland. "An acceptable formula will

have to be found for a fourth chamber."

In about the middle of the year 2000 there will be an active confederation with
a South African passport for everyone, regardless of color or language, says

Mr Raw.

The subsidizing of students' passing grades which will go into effect shortly in
South African universities is an excellent policy. Radical students are in the
minority according to Mr Raw. It would be dangerous for the South African
Government to suddently ban politics on campuses.

“Our degrees would not be recognized overseas. The entire world struggles with
rebellious students. By the time the students are 25 years old, they usually

forget their radical way of thinking."

The beach issue, which is such a thorny problem for Natal, can easily be solved
says Mr Raw.
"One should not interfere with existing white beaches and pools. New, multi-

racial beaches must be created. In that manner you don't take anything away
from the whites, but you don't deny other races equal facilities."

8700
CSO: 3401/33

46



ZAIRE

EMERY LUMUMBA MAKING APPEAL IN GHANA
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 30 Nov 83 pp 1, 9

[Article by Kwamena Apponsah]

[Text] THE eldest son of the Zairois martyr, Patrice Lumumba, has appealed to
all Ghanaians to rally behind the present revolution because its leaders are
genuine and selfless people who want true freedom and advancement of the
citizenry.

Mr Emery Patrice Lumumba, 28, said that no African country can claim to be
free and secure for her uninterrupted development without passing through a
revolution.

The revolution however, he said, should be taken down to the rural people be-
cause they are the true pillars of any true revolution adding "a revolution is
a long way and the PNDC should ensure that the meaning goes deep down in the
villages."

Mr Lumumba, who is a lwayer by profession, cautioned that for a revolution to
succeed, it should have an ideological base which should not be American or
Russian. "The ideology of the revolutions in Africa should be based on the
realities of the various countries.

"All that I ask of my African brothers, particularly my Ghanaian comrades, is
that they should do everything to help bring about a change for the better in
the world that they live in," Mr Lumumba who has been in the country since

last Thursday noted.

Speaking to the "Graphic" in an interview. in Accra, Mr Lumumba expressed
satisfaction at the trend of events in Ghana since his last visit in 1973 but
cautioned the authorities to be way of slogan shouting revolutionaries.

Mr Lumumba said since a revolution is like a long distant race, the early
stages should be used in changing the thinking of the people so that they
would easily respond to situations without any stress and pain.

He was happy that though a revolution was taking place in Ghana, there was no
suffering and hoped that by and large majority of the people who are capital-
ist inclined would be changed.



‘MOZAMBIQUE

REBELO STRESSES IMPORTANCE OF GRASS-ROOTS — * :
Beira NOTICIAS in Portuguese 8 Dec 83 p 1

[Text] "If the grass-roots organizations, which are the bedrock foundation of
society, do not function democratically and do not have vitality, the social
edifice cannot remain solid nor be democratic." This was the comment made
yesterday by Jorge Rebelo, first secretary of the FRELIMO Party Committee in
the city of Maputo. This member of the political bureau stressed that it is
important that all organizations and those in charge of them show respect for
the decisive role played by the block leaders and the leaders of the 10-
family groups.

In a meeting with about 30 block leaders and leaders of 10-family groups held
yesterday afternoon in the Malanga district. and like other identical meetings
previously convened, the first secretary of the city committee proceeded with
his work of investigating the performance of the grass-roots structures and
the problems confronting them.

Organization of the City

The work now in progress has as its central objective the consolidation of the
organizations which are more recent and which are on a more basic level of
the social structure: the 10-family groups.

These groups are directed by a leader and must also include a representative
of the OMM [Organization of Mozambique Women] and another of the OJM
[Mozambique Youth Organization]. Between 70 and 80 percent of the capital
districts were already covered in the process of creating these structures.

"We are ina process of improving the organization of the city's life and
structure," recalled Jorge Rebelo. "We are beginning our work with the
formation of the urban districts; then we shall move on to a reorganization
of the activating groups and subsequently to the city blocks. Now we must
extend and consolidate the 10-family groups. Each of these organizations has
its specific tasks and all constitute of part of the same edifice, the bedrock
foundations of which are the families enclosed within their respective
groups." °

He added that the democracy of our society must first have its base in these
groups. To ensure that this democratic way of life take root and live through

9