JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

19980226 122

FISl FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY

NATIONAL TECHNICAL

INFORMATION SERVICE .- STA

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

STAO

SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 ,____________________

ApprOVed for pulic releaBQ*

~stxib uairi U lmted
NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign

newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency

transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language

sources are translated; those from English-language sources

are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and

other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets

[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]

or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the

last line of a brief, indicate how the original informationwas

processed. Where no processing indicator is given, .the information was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are

enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a question mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the

original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.

Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an

item originate with the source. Times within items are as

given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the policies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical

Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In ordering, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and

author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports

Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical

Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of

U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of

Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement

may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,

1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS

ANGOLA

Reportage on Political, Economic Activities in Malanje

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 26 Jul 85) ............................... 1

Visit by German Delegation Described

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 2 Aug 85) ................................ 3

Report on Agricultural Production in Huila

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 31 Jul 85) .............................. 4

Briefs

New Municipal Officials Named 5

BURKINA

People's Justice System Described

(LE POLITICIEN, 3 Aug 85; CARREFOUR AFRICAIN, 2 Aug 85) .... 6

People Would Elect Judges 6

Scandals of Neocolonial Regimes, Marcel Belem 6

Correspondent Describes New-Type Leader, Sankara

(Mam Less Dia; LE POLITICIEN, 3 Aug 85) .................... 9

First Results of People's Development Program Reviewed

(Luc-Adolphe Tiao; CARREFOUR AFRICAIN, 2 Aug 85) ........... 11

UGEB Sections in France Feud

(Francois Compaore, Sylvestre X. Some; CARREFOUR AFRICAIN,

2 Aug 85) .................................................. 15

Trade Union Conflicts Since Revolution Recapped

(Francois Compaore, Sylvestre X. Some, CARREFOUR AFRICAIN,

2 Aug 85) .................................................. 17

-a-
CAPE VERDE

Crisis in Maritime Transport Studied

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 25 Jul 85) ............... ....... 21

CHAD

Chadian-Libyan Coexistence Grows More Difficult

(Francoise Chipaux; LE MONDE, 11 Sep 85) .................. 23

ETHIOPIA

WPE Primary Organizations Continue, Conclude Meetings

(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, various dates) ..................... 25

Increased Commitment, Production Urged 25

AETU Responsibility Stressed 30

Gash-Setit Visited 31

Addis, AEPA Meetings 32

August 17 Conclusion 34

Comrade Legesse Awards Prizes to Campaigners

(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 31 Aug 85) ......................... 36

Comrade Gasika Presents Prizes to Campaigners

(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 1 Sep 85) .......................... 38

Returning Campaigners Accorded Enthusiastic Welcome

(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 1 Sep 85) .......................... 39

PDRE Constitution To Be Drafted

(Editorial; THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 4 Sep 85) ............... 40

State, Public Security Ministry Seminar Reported

(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 3 Sep 85) ........................... 42

Development of Rural Technology Discussed

(Melese Telahoun; THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 3 Sep 85)......... 44

Animal Fodder Development Project Successful

(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 3 Sep 85) .......................... 47

Briefs

Youth Build Roads 48

Wollo People's Militia 48

Improved Freight Movement 48

Woreilu Peasants' Campaign 49

Peasants Producers' Co-ops 49

Eritrean Peasants' Association 49

Tailors Producers' Co-op 49

Eritrea Trade Union 50

-b -
Harar Zuria Schools 50

Shoa Peasants' Association Meet 50

REYA Anniversary 51

Tigari Military Command Meeting 51

Tripoli Visit 'Fruitful' 51

Chinese Corn Donated 51

Arssi Control Committee 52

Polish Donor Organizations 52

Addis Red Cross 52

Gambella People's Militia 53

GHANA

Briefs

New Envoys Present Credentials 54

GUINEA BISSAU

Oil Exploration Resumes Following Resolution of Border Dispute

(JOURNAL DE ANGOLA, 25 Jul 85) ............................ 55

MOZAMBIQUE

South African Plans Aid to Refugees

(THE STAR, 28 Aug 85) .................................... 57

Emergency Program in South Africa To Feed Refugees

(THE CITIZEN, 7 Sep 85) .................................. 58

Commentary Describes Role of Armed Forces

(NOTICIAS, 24 Aug 85) .................................... 59

Military Duty Stressed in Meetings Between Leaders, Workers

(NOTICIAS, 24 Aug 85) ................................. 61

Mobilization Campaign Launched 61

Military Situation Explained 62

Mabote on Historical Background, by Sebastiao Mabote 63

Graca Machel Urges Citizens Participation, by Graca

Machel 64

Rui Baltazar on Economy, by Rui Baltazar 65

Agriculture Minister on Defense 66

Ndobe on Foreign Involvement, by Gideon Ndobe 67

Veloso: Peace Necessary for Development, by Jacinto

Veloso 67

Agreement With Soviet Union on Embassy Buildings

(NOTICIAS, 28 Aug 85) ..................................... 69

New Communal Villages Provided for Morrumbene

(NOTICIAS, 27 Aug 85) ..................................... 70

-c-
Efforts To Make Marracuene Green Zone for Capital Described

(NOTICIAS, 23 Aug 85) ................. .......................... 71

Small Projects in Manica Bringing Results

(NOTICIAS, 28 Aug 85) ...................................... 77

Price of Fruits, Vegetables Goes Down

(NOTICIAS, 24 Aug 85) ..................................... 79

Morrumbene Cashew Marketing Campaign Report

(NOTICIAS, 24 Aug 85) ...................................... 80

Maputo Sugar Handling Terminal More Efficient

(NOTICIAS, 24 Aug 85) ............................. ........ 82

Nation's Rice Yield Improves

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 23 Aug 85) ......................... 84

Ford Tractors To Be Rehabilitated

(NOTICIAS, 17 Aug 85) ...................................... 85

Briefs

Iran Offers Bus 86

Rehabilitation of Sugar Industry 86

NAMIBIA

Toivo Considered in Exile

(THE CITIZEN, 7 Sep 85) ................................... 87

Voice of Namibia on SWAPO's 'Expanding Military Operations'

(Voice of Namibia, 3 Sep 85) .............................. 88

Improved Namibian Military Capability Lauded

(Johannesburg International Service, 6 Sep 85) ............. 90

Leader of PSA Counterinsurgency Group Describes Attack on SWAPO

(Stephan Terblanche; SUNDAY TIMES, 1 Sep 85) .............. 92

Former SWAPO Granted Amnesty

(THE CITIZEN, 10 Sep 85) ................................... 94

NIGERIA

Abacha Says Discharged Soldiers Will Receive Benefits

(Frank Akinola; DAILY TIMES, 24 Aug 85) ............... I .... 95

Abacha Explains Youth of Army Chiefs

(DAILY TIMES, 24 Aug 85) .................................. 96

-d -
Factories Recalling Retrenched Workers

(Soji Omotunde, Kehinde Odesola; NEWSWATCH, 2 Sep 85) ..... 97

Briefs

Accused American Escapes 99

SOUTH AFRICA

SOWETAN Request To Interview Mandela Refused

(SAPA, 17 Sep 85) ......................................... 100

Executives on Deterioration in Political Climate

(SAPA, 16 Sep 85) ......................................... 101

Youths Using Unrest To Perpetrate Mindless Acts of Violence

(THE STAR, 28 Aug 85) ..................................... 102

TV Reports ANC Meeting With Businessmen

(Johannesburg Television Service, 17 Sep 85). ............. 103

Businessman Comments on ANC Talks

(Johanessburg Television Service, 17 Sep 85) ............... 105

Radio Reports Canadian Measures Against RSA

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 14 Sep 85) ................ 109

Radio Freedom Comments on Need To Step Up Struggle

(Radio Freedom, 13 Sep 85) ................................. 110

Police Release Names of Those Arrested

(SAPA, 9 Sep 85) .......................................... 113

SABC Corruption Charges Grow, Police Investigation

(THE STAR, 26, 27 Aug 85) .................................. 119

Officials Alleged To'Be Involved, by Andrew Walker 119

SABC Conducting Own Investigation, by Andrew Walker,

Mike Cohen 120

Afrikaans Teachers Expected To Oppose Central Education Department

(THE'SUNDAY STAR, 1 Sep 85) ............ .. 122

Army's Ranks Hit by Township Role

(BUSINESS DAY, 4 Sep 85).................................. 123

MedicalResearch Team 'Identify Tear Gas Substitute

(ARMED FORCES, Aug 85) .................................... 124

w e -
Briefs

Mercenaries Hired 126

Free State 'White Fatherland' 126

Duncan Village Upgrading 126

Immigration Rate in South Africa 127

Agreement on Single Power Network 127

SWAZILAND

BBC Interviews Bank Chief on Currency Problems

(BBC World Service, 5 Sep 85) .............................. 129

ZIMBABWE

HERALD Urges Unrelenting Pressure on South Africa

(Editorial; THE HERALD, 9 Sep 85) ......................... 129

Governor's Projects for Matabeleland North

(THE SUNDAY NEWS, 25 Aug 85) .............................. 131

Bumper Wheat Crop Expected

(THE SUNDAY NEWS, 25 Aug 85) .............................. 134

-f -
JPRS-SSA-85-09 4

3 October 1985

ANGOLA

REPORTAGE ON POLITICAL, EGONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN MALANJE

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 26 Jul 85 p 3

[Text] Malanje--An ideological workday in salute to I August, date of establishment of the glorious FAPLA (People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola),

was opened here Tuesday in a ceremony led by the commander of the troops of the

9th Military Region, Maj Cesar Agusto Pugliese.

Maj Cesar Augusto took the occasion to give a brief history of the creation of

the People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola (FAPLA) and their resounding victories before and after national independence.

Members of the NPLA Party, the JMPLA (NPLA Party Youth), the OMA [Organization of

Angolan Women], civilian workers and troops of the 9th Politico-Military Region

took part in the ceremony.

Week of Solidarity with FAPLA

Meanwhile, a week of friendship and solidarity between the JNPLA (NPLA Party

Youth) and the FAPLA was opened yesterday in this city, within the framework of

celebrating the l1th anniversary of the creation of FAPLA.

The program prepared for the occasion included various activities at the politicomilitary, patriotic and cultural level, highlighted by visits to military and production units, as well as a cycle of seminars in salute to the 12th World Festival

of Youth and Students.

A marathon called the "l August," sky rockets, cleaning and weeding of the cemetery

for heroes of the resistance located in the municipality of Mussende, province of

Kwanza-Sul, areamong other activities included in the program.

New Supply System Inaugurated

The new system for supplying the populace became effective recently in this

province.

At the inauguration ceremony, the coordinator of the Production Department of the

Malanje Provincial Party Committee gave a brief report on how the new supply .

I
system was developed, stressing its importance and advantages, having emphasized

that the new system will make it possible to do away with absenteeism, waiting

lines, theft, profiteering and will permit detection of the profiteers that

promote the parallel market.

People Flock to BVP's

A total of 1,023 People's Vigilante Brigades [BVP's], with 27,020 members, were

created during the second quarter of this year in the municipalities of Malanje,

Kambundi-Katembo and Luquembo.

In order to assure their operationality, 54 intermediate directorates were established, with an equal number of ideological, health and supply activists.

It is pointed out that Malanje Province now has 2,427 People's Vigilante Brigades,

with a total of 54, 837 members of both sexes, as well as 122 intermediate directorates.

8834

CSO: 3442/393

2
JPRS-SSA'85-094

3 October 1985

ANGOLA

VISIT BY GERMAN DELEGATION DESCRIBED

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 2 Aug 85 p 12

[Text] A delegation from the Socialist Unity Party of Germany [SED] led by Kart

Tiedke, a member of the SED Central Committee and rector of the Karl Marx Advanced

School of the Party, has been visiting our country since Wednesday. Their program

yesterday included a morning visit to the Dr Agostinho Neto National School of the

Party and a continuation of the official talks with its officials during the afternoon at National Party Headquarters, in which plans were made for the signing

of a cooperation agreement.

In its visit to the National School of the Party, the German delegation, accompanied by the ambassador of the GDR accredited in Angola, toured its facilities:thoroughly. This was followed by an informative meeting with the school's officials,

namely Jose Neto, assistant director for organization; Joao da Costa Cunha, assistant director for faculty; Antonio Jose Pascoal, assistant director for administration; and the leaders of the party cell and the JNPLA [MPLA Party Youth].

On the occasion, and in addition to the exchange of ideas by the two delegations

about the vivid experiences in training cadres to meet the needs of the respective

parties and of socialism, the member of the SED Central Committee delivered an invitation to the Angolan delegation to participate in December in a conference at

the Karl Marx Advanced School in Berlin, to be attended by the socialist countries

of Europe and by the Republic of Cuba, Nicaragua, the Congo, Mozambique and others.

Meanwhile, and in accordance with the schedule given us, the SED delegation this

morning will go to the province of Uige, where they will continue their visit to

Angola, returning tomorrow to the nation's capital. Tomorrow the delegation will

also Visit the Provincial School of the Party in Viana, later meeting with the

Free Germany Youth Brigade, whose headquarters are in the same city.

8834

CSO: 3442/393

3
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

ANGOLA

REPORT ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN HUILA

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 31 Jul 85 p 3

[Text] Lubango--About 10,722 tons of agricultural products worth 32,384,127

kwanzas were sold in the countryside during the first half of this year in Huila.

Among the products sold in exchange for manufactured goods, worth 26,534,519

kwanzas, were 1,268 tons of grains and starches, 193 tons of quadrupeds, 594 tons

of poultry, 25 tons of vegetables and 110 tons of eggs.

The Provincial Supply Commission, which furnished the above data, met here last

Friday. At the end of its regular session, the commission pointed out that it is

expected that in the second half of this year 21,525 tons will be sold, to completely fulfill the plan set up at the beginning of the year. The meeting, which

analyzed the reports submitted by the subcommissions regarding their work as well

as the degree of compliance with the resolutions presented by the municipality of

Caconda, found abnormal situations in marketing in some municipalities of the

province, especially in Quilengues, A commission of inquiry was established to

ascertain the individual responsibilities of members of the ENCODIPA [National

Company for Marketing and Distribution of Agricultural Products] who unduly appropriated the output of the peasant farmers.

The meeting, led by its coordinator, Comrade Jose Sumbo, deputy provincial commissioner for the economic production sector, confirmed the shortage of packaging

materials in all the municipalities and is recommending to the ENCODIPA management

that they make an effort to visit Luanda and Benguela, which have already been

contacted to furnish the articles in question.

The meeting requested of the Regional Military Council an urgent solution to the

question of the supply of salt, dried fish and petroleum to the rural populations,

hitherto done inadequately... 1t also prohibited the provincial DINAMA [expansion

unknown] from selling agricultural implements in urban centers.

8834

CSO: 3442/393

4
JpRS-SSA,*85'0

9 4

3 October 1985

ANGOLA

BRIEFS

NEW MUNICIPAL OFFICIALS NAMED--The minister of.provincial coordination, Evaristo

Domingos, "Kimba," issued dispatches for dismissals and appointments of several

municipal commissioners and their deputies. The regular service commissions that

Franqa Dias dos Santos, Adelino Godinho, Jose M. de Castro and Jeremias Dumbo have

been fulfilling as municipal commissioners of Tchikala Tcholoanga, Tchindjendji,

Katchiungo and Lobito, respectively, were terminated. Likewise, Filipe da Cruz,

Manuel L. Gonqalves, Joao S. Januario were relieved of their duties as municipal

commissioners of Benguela, Bocoio and Cubal, respectively. Similarly, the regular

ser:vice commissions held by Joaquim Seulo, Camilo Carvalheira, Deolindo Joao

(Fundanga), Luis da Silva Diu and Joao J. Rodriques as deputy municipal commis- i

sioners of Saurimo, Tchikala Tcholoanga, Lobito, Caibambo and Ganda were terminated. Meanwhile, Carlos Alberto Rodrigues, Daniel Caheno, Lucas Buta and Camilo

Carvalheira were appointed as deputy municipal commissioners of Ombadja, Saurimo,

and municipal commissioners of Tchikala Tcholoanga and Tchindjendji, respectively.

In turn, Quintino de Castro Fernandes, Jeremias Dumbo, Deolindo.Joao (Fundanga)

and Filipe da Cruz were called upon to serve as municipal commissioners of

Katchiungo, Benguela, Cubal and Lobito, respectively. The minister for provincial

coordination also appointed Paulo Moreira Rangel as municipal commissioner of

Bocoio and Luis Alberto da Silva Diu as his deputy, while Miguel Manuel Roque

will occupy the post of deputy municipal commissioner of Lobito. [Text] [Luanda

JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese I Aug 85 p 12] 8834

CSO: 3442/393

5
JPRS-SSA-85-.094

3 October 1985

BURKINA

PEOPLE'S JUSTICE SYSTEM DESCRIBED

People Would Elect Judges

Dakar LE POLITICIEN in French 3 Aug 85 p 5

[Text] According to Blaise Compaore, minister of justice and No 2 man in

Burkina Faso, the profession of lawyer is doomed to disappear in his country.

Compaore, who believes that the TPR (Revolutionary People's Tribunals) are

destined to undermine the economic foundations of the national bourgeoisie,

is putting the final touches on a bill that would replace the traditional

courts with the TPR.

"In every village, peasants should elect their own judges and hearings to

settle disputes would be public.

"If your neighbor accuses you of stealing his sheep, you do not need to go to

the police or be aided by a lawyer to prove your innocence. Anyone with a

clear conscience would be able to defend himself and convince an impartial

audience."

However, Compaore says, there are certain disputes, between companies or

enterprises, for example, that would obviously remain the province of conventional courts.

The No 2 man in Burkina told LE POLITICIEN that prisons will soon be turned

into production centers. "Those who looted the patrimony of the people cannot

stand idly by, housed and fed by those same people they robbed. We have

therefore built a dam to irrigate land that will be turned over to them."

Scandals of Neocolonial Regimes

Ouagadougou CARREFOUR AFRICAIN in French 2 Aug 85 pp 51-53

[Article by Marcel Belem]

[Text] On 19 October 1983, the Burkinabe people set up one of the most progressive instruments of the time, the Revolutionary People's Tribunals (TPR).

That original organ, one of the best creations, was to enable the people to

make all those who had looted their property to cough it up. Actually, the

TPR provided "the people with an opportunity to enact direct justice, without

6
any possible evasion, outside the restraints of hypocritical bourgeois justice

and its inextricable system of pompous and deliberately obscure proceedings."

In other words, all those who, taking advantage of colonial and neocolonial

times, thought anything was permissible and who pillaged, opressed and ex-..

exploited, would now come before the people to justify their conduct. The

people have assumed the right of demanding a reckoning from all those with

heavy guilt on their conscience. The first to give an accounting to the people

would be those greedy, unscrupulous politicians who hastened to amass fortunes

with impunity at the expense of the people.

In spirit, the TPR therefore aim at a moralization of society, tolling the

knell for embezzlers who must now yield their posts.

Organ Spreading Panic

That is why all those who thought they were the center of the world are now

scattering and hiding in every corner. The institution has exposed the fragility of the neocolonial system and its leaders. Built without the people

and against the very interests of those people, the edifice could not meet the

people's test. In existence only 18 months, the TPR have just amply demonstrated this. On the political level, they have revealed the gap that existed

between the different strata and classes of our society. This is where one

can easily measure the extent of the inequalities that undermined our society.

Such a system, built for the-welfare of a handful of individuals who claimed

to speak and act in the name of a people they have always ignored, scorned

and trampled, could only lead to economic disaster. On this level, the

failure was flagrant. The many trials have revealed to everyone the gaping

flaws in the neocolonial society. Men who proclaimed on high their patriotism

and their love for our country allowed themselves to loot the public treasury

with the assurance of going unnoticed, in spite of the nets of the people,

who would sooner or later protest. The people's property was dishonestly

managed, which explains the corrupt misappropriations and illicit enrichment

gained through social position. Naturally, the peasants and workers have

always been the: poor cousins in such a system. Their daily lot was famine,

thirst, sickness and poverty. Our economy itself was the private reserve of

men who did not hesitate to bow before yesterday's "master" provided they

might preserve their own positions, their immense privileges and their obscene luxury.

The TPR are trying to show that no one can enjoy the fruits of the corrupt

embezzlement of the people's property with impunity and without fear. That

is why the revolution, through them, must give back to the people all that

belongs to them. It is an instrument of unprecedented effectiveness left in

the hands of the people, who intend to enforce their rights, laws and protect

their property. Today, without the possible evasion of traditional bourgeois

and neocolonial justice, the people intend to judge those whose task it was to

manage their property. All those who pillaged our holdings will receive

exemplary punishment that will be as vigorous as It is rigorous'. Society

must be given justice, judging a man in order to restore the rights of millions

of others. Through the man standing before a TPR, society itself is at stake.

Beyond the sentencing of"the socioeconomic and moral wrongdoers, the TPR are

economic as well as political trials. One therefore witnesses a challenge of

7
the political system of neocolonial society and the obtention of materials

indispensable to the construction of a new society.

In spite of everything, the TPR are not only for the purpose of punishment;

they are also educational. The so-called neutrals of past regimes that encouraged the empire of the looters will .be the first to recognize this. It

is thanks to these tribunals that all the people will now know how one bought

consciences or how their property was managed. The different seances have

shown all officials at all levels that the people's property is holy and

deserving of our respect. It is at that price that the revolution will guarantee happiness for everyone, that happiness that can only be acquired through

honest, liberating work, the source of dignity.

After 18 months of experience, the TPR remain a happy and positive experience.

This is why tribunals curiously resembling our TPR are springing up here and

there. One must pay homage to the TPR. In 21 sessions (11 in Ouaga, 8 in

Bobo, 1 in Po and 1 in Tenkodogo), over 200 cases have been taken up, 184

persons convicted and sentenced to pecuniary penalties, imprisonment or both.

The people, who demanded of the guilty parties 7,322,451,910.10 francs, have

since the end of the 20th session taken in part of its funds: 2,831,334,504

francs. Persons thus penalized will not be able to rejoin the ranks of the

people until they pay back the money they fraudulently took from the state

coffers. Officials therefore have every valid reason to be satisfied with

the performance of the TPR. Actually, in addition to their moralizing and

educational aspect, the people are gradually recovering their property without

forgetting the educational aspect from which all the people and the victims

who suffered benefit. There are naturally some gaps, but these errors are

insignificant considering the benefit of the TPR. Given the figures, one can

say that they are an effective instrument making it possible to handle several

cases in a given period of time. The TPR are a school of democracy and

administration of the people's property, a school in which one learns that the

people's property is a holy and therefore untouchable thing, as comrade Simon

Compaore, minister of state to the presidency in charge of justice, would

say. That is why, he continues, the people will be very careful and those

responsible for the administration of public property will be more than aware.

However, Compaore is not one of those easily carried away by naive optimism

and uncontrolled smugness, As he admits, what has been done is substantial,

but we can do better.- For example, one should have been a little more careful

to prevent exhibitionists trying to create a sensation -- such as Soumane

Toure -- from using the TPR sessions to make their publicity and stand out.

Each TPR session, we now know, has its originality, its successes and its

failures. This makes it possible to constantly improve our aim and be more

on target. One can therefore say that the TPR have essentially done what was

expected of them. And yet, as our society is constantly changing, it is normal

to believe that the TPR will shift gears as we move along. Even when we have

no more reactionaries to try, the TPR should simply hear simple cases enabling

them to make adjustments along the way. In the meantime, it is the wish and

desire of everyone to see that instrument move away from the major cities and

be set up in all provinces. Why should we not one day have, in all our Villages, TPRin the place of c6mmon law, TPR that will democratically hear and

rule on the acts of everyone every day. Then all the judicial structures of

our country will have to change and adapt so that justice may truly be of the

people, meaning for everyone.

11,464 8

CSO: 3419/530
JPRS-SSA-85-0

9 4

3 October 1985

BURKINA

CORRESPONDENT DESCRIBES NEW-TYPE LEADER, SANKARA

Dakar LE POLITICIEN in French 3 Aug 85 p 5

[Article by Mam Less Dia: "A New-Type President"]

[Text] Burkina Faso is the only Black African country in which the ministers

drive R5's and travel economy class on planes, the president's wife is not an

institution and the people, inspired by their leaders, have understood perfectly the need to break the pattern and live within their means.

Burkina Faso's. good fortune is that it is led by a team aware of its poverty

and trying with great lucidity to solve the most urgent problems, beginning

by tightening its belt after grabbing hold of the reins.

The leader of the team, Thomas Sankara, is himself a model of modesty, selfsacrifice and serene courage. There is no grain of recklessness or of the

kamikaze in him. He is quite simply a Black African soldier who rejects the

insulting paternalism of others, who does not accept the dictates of the international financial oligarchies and who has understood that in order to emerge

from the mess they are in, our Black African people must above all rely on

their own strength.

Sankara did me the honor of inviting me to dinner at Ouagad6ugou Palace just

2 weeks before the last OAU summit conference. I knew, at the close of that

luncheon that lasted until 1500 hours, that Thomas Sankara would not go to

Addis Ababa.

"This economic summit conference has no meaning," he told'me. "Or at least it

means that henceforth, the OAU wants to flee the political debate. That is

what bears eloquent witness to the weakness of the revolutionary forces within

the organization."

And in fact, the Burkinabe president believes that the OAU 'is increasingly

incapable of playing the role that has come to it on the continent. As a

practical and independent man, hb therefore refused to support the mascarade.

Although Sankara is very disappointed by the new orientation of the OAU, he

has a great deal of reservations about the proposal to create a league of

Black nations.

"I am in total agreement that all Blacks in the world should create their own

framework, but I believe that such an organization should not solely be on

9
the government level. It would be just one more structure. My opinion is

that we should first of all promote the search for cultural identity. For

that reason, Burkina Faso has decided to set up the Institute of Black Peoples

in Ouagadougou, whose financing has already been secured from UNESCO."

The Burkinabe chief of state speaks with his customary truculence. He has

a rather clear view of problems and above all, the courage to say openly what

he thinks. The message read at the OAU summit meeting by his minister of

foreign affairs and that we have printed in its entirety is a monument of

frankness, even if certain conformists desperate for arguments tried to see

in Sankara's message a form of provocation. The truth is that the message

poses the problem of efficiency and seriousness in the new approach of the

OAU, a problem that they want to hide because, quite simply, an Arab country,

Algeria, decided to ridicule the greatest assembly of Blacks in the eyes of

international opinion, forcing it to choose among its leaders the representative of a totally fictitious state which mainly defines itself as an Arab

state. If at least the ANC or SWAPO could benefit from the same privilege

awarded the POLISARIO Front, one would have perhaps understood, but the

Blacks do not count for Algeria.

I did not see fit to discuss the problem of the SDAR with President Sankara.

I know his position on the matter. He honestly supports the POLISARIO Front

and he will continue to support it as long as he does not have formal proof

that the current leaders of that movement care little about the independence

of the Sahara, for which they say they are fighting.

1.1,464

CSO: 3419/530

10
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

BURKINA

FIRST RESULTS OF PEOPLE'S DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM REVIEWED

Ouagadougou CARREFOUR AFRICAIN in French 2 Aug 85 pp 29-32

[Article by Luc-Adolphe Tiao "Fifteen Months of Hard Work"]

[Text] Officially launched on 1 October 1984, the People's

Development Program [PPD] is a challenge which the Burkinabe

people have embraced, mobilizing behind the CNR [National

Revolutionary Council]. Today the results are here, palpablet

hundreds of schools, maternity wards, infirmaries, village

pharmacies, wells, boreholes, retaining walls, dams, etc. And

never before had the people been able to build all this

infrastructure in so little time.

There were sound reasons for doubting that this huge program

could be carried out successfully. The August revolution

inherited a moribund nation whose people had been delivered

over into poverty and mendicancy: an infant mortality rate of

180 per thousand, life expectancy of 40 years, 98 percent

illiteracy, one do6tor per 50,000 inhabitants, with only 16

percent school enrollment and a GDP per capita of 53,356

francs.

The advent of the democratic and people's revolution has opened the way to

progress for the first time in the history of our country. The revolution has

liberated the popular masses from the depths of a system of exploitation and

domination; then the revolution liberated the energies of the popular masses,

making them the masters of their destiny; and finally, our revolution has

marked out the correct path to people's development based on independence and

planning.

Self-Reliance

The option of people's development demands first of all that people exercise

self-reliance; and that, in fact, is the political and ideological foundation

of the PPD. Experience shows that however much external aid is received, a

country can only develop if it relies first of all on its own resources.

ii
The launching of the PPD thus marked a fundamental rupture with all the

development schemes which our country has been through during 23 years of

reactionary regimes. The urgency and complexity of the tasks that must be

carried out to respond to the pressing needs of the popular masses have

required the creation of a small scientific work force; a force which should

make it possible to move toward harmonious development sheltered from the

caprices of market economies and to avoid groping in the dark and trying to

develop the country in a haphazard and improvised way, as was done in the past.

The originality of the PPD lies in the fact that it constitutes a legitimate

foundation for a model of economic and social development based on mobilization

of the creative initiative and efficient organization of the popular masses in

their workplaces. The essence of the PPD--the program at the base (in the

provinces)--is designed and implemented by popular masses. The program at the

base is an integrated set of sectoral projects that have been discussed at the

village level in all the provinces. These various projects embody the basic

priorities of the people. The foremost aim of the base program has been to

achieve food self-sufficiency.

In most provinces the accent has been placed on water and agriculture. Out of

the [Fr CFA] 7,727 billion which is being put into the PPD, these two areas

alone are absorbing more than 3 billion.

Generally speaking, even if the organization established to carry out the PPD

has had some deficiencies, the people have put massive efforts into the

realization of public works projects. In the face of this mobilization on a

scale unprecedented in Burkina, detractors of our revolution complain about

"forced labor;" but their poisonous campaign has completely failed, because the

people now know where their interests lie. Our people are convinced that they

can only escape from our nation's economic backwardness by building the

foundations of their own future with their own hands.

With 5 months left in the PPD, what concrete results can be noted? If one

refers to the initial document on the PPD, one finds it is difficult to assess.

When the PPD was being prepared, total scheduled investments in all of

Burkina's then-25 provinces were estimated at 7,461 billion. Subsequently, four

provinces (Bourkina, Namentenga, Oubritenga and Sahel) were divided, so the

number of provinces grew to 30. Because of this, the new provinces redesigned

their base programs. Moreover, most of the provinces had to readjust and

rescale their projects. Some projects on the original action plan have been

modified or eliminated, while other ones have been adopted.

These readjustments have increased the cost of financing the base program,

which has risen to 7,726 billion.

Despite the inadequacy of the statistical data sent by the provinces to the

Ministry of Planning and People's Development, the coordinators of the PPD

agree that overall the results achieved by the program at the base are

encouraging. For example, out of the total 7,726.244 billion envisioned for the

base program, projects totaling 4,717.244 billion (61.06 percent) have been

completed. The total may be even larger, considering that the financial

statements on some projects, even though entirely completed, have not been

12
received from the provinces. As PPD officials stress, the investments were made

as allocations and other contributions became available.

A Huge Workshop

North, south, east and west, Burkina has become a huge and dynamic workshop;

proof that the PPD can get the country moving. As of 31 March 1985, the status

of projects already completed was satisfactory.

Work at some 1,500 sites--at an initially estimated cost of more than I

billion--has been completed. Projects still under way involve about 1,700 sites

and are estimated at more than 4 billion. Of course, only about 36 percent of

the total 4,270 projects have been completed. According to PPD officials, the

base program will end up with a completion rate greater than 60 percent. Even

the partial completion of socioeconomic infrastructure will bring some

improvement to the lives of our valiant people.

As for the support program initiated by the government, it includes a number of

projects intended to complement the base program. As of 31 March, the financial

cost of the support program was estimated at 156.102 billion. Out of that

total, 139.719 billion (89.5 percent, as compared to 79.51 percent on 31

December 1984) has been found.

The number of fully completed projects has gone up from 12 to 63, costing a

total of 9.390 billion. Some 153 projects are still under way and represent a

cost of 100 billion. Some 74.48 percent of all projects have either been

completed or are now in progress. All the ministries are doing their best to

facilitate the realization of their sectoral programs.

A People's Determination

The PPD is not content merely to build a certain number of minor items of

socioeconomic infrastructure in the countryside and the towns. Our country's

future also depends on the construction of major development projects. Thus two

large, old projects have been put into the PPD. These are beginning

construction of the Sahel railroad and the Kompienga dami two vital projects

which former regimes were unable to get off the ground because of imperialist

oppression.

Today the revolutionary determination of the CNR and our people has made it

possible to launch these projects, in the framework of the PPD. Since the first

rail was laid down on 1 February by the Burkinabe president, all the social

classes of our people have been trying to outdo each other to advance the

railroad leading to freedom and economic independence, cost what it may. The

physical efforts of some and the financial sacrifices of others have now

brought us 30 km of rail.

The cost of the first segment of the Ouaga-Kaya railroad is estimated at 7

billion. The national budget already contains an authorization for 2 billion

francs. Every day many people are also making their own financial contributions

to the project.

13
On 18 June Comrade President Thomas Sankara launched construction of the

Kompienga hydroelectric dam, total cost of the project will be 38 billion. Some

bourgeois experts believe the project is not economically profitable. But in

reality they say this to prevent our people from building anything that will

promote their economic independence. In the context of the PPD, some 5 billion

has been allocated to the start-up of construction. Also, with the

participation of friendly countries and certain organizations, financing of the

total package has been secured.

All that remains is to launch construction of the Bagre dam, the first phase of

which will cost 35 billion. Here again, the financing has practically all been

secured. A meeting of fund donors will be held in September in Ouagadougou.

The Price of Independence

As someone has said, if the PPD did not exist, someone would have had to invent

it. The CNR did well to launch such a program in the very first hours of the

revolution. The partial successes obtained prove that our people are ready to

pay the price required for achieving their economic independence. For without

the revolutionary faith that inspires all the militants, the PPD would have met

the same fate that greeted the multitudes of development projects of previous

regimes. It is with great tenacity that our people have surmounted the enormous

difficulties that beset them in realization of the PPD. They had to struggle

against natural obstacles (rain, drought, lack of water) as well as the

shortage of raw materials. Practically all materials were imported (scrap iron,

cement, wood, sheet metal, etc.). Often, in the villages, people put up a

-school in no time. But sometimes they had to wait several months to get the

finishing materials. Work on the Sahel railroad was often delayed for the

simple reason that the rails and ties were stuck at the port of Abidjan.

In short, the PPD has proven the correctness of the slogan "self-reliance."

Many are the countries that admire Burkina for what it has achieved in the

first 2 years of the revolution. Money by itself does not drive development. It

is the masses who are the key to economic take-off. Within the context of the

PPD, our people have with great difficulty--but also great courage--paved the

way toward a radiant and prosperous future. Already, in a number of towns, the

once-notorious absence of infirmaries, maternity wards, schools and wells is

nothing more than a sad memory.

The PPD has given our villages a vital minimum of infrastructure indispensable

to the improvement of the people's living conditions.

The PPD has built the infrastructure necessary for the launching of the first

5-year plan, which will cover 1986-1990.

9516

CSO t 3419/529

14
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

BURKINA

UGEB SECTIONS IN FRANCE FEUD

Ouagadougou CARREFOUR AFRICAIN in French 2 Aug 85 p 47

[Article by Francois Compaore and Sylvestre X. Some]

[Text] The August Revolution took many petty bourgeois phrasemongers by

surprise, and they still have not recovered from their amazement. Those

individuals, whom the people have learned to recognize and identify as their

enemies, have long believed that the student world is their fief. United at

the head of the UGEB [General Union of Burkinabe Students], those national

populists from the PCRV [Upper Voltan Revolutionary Communist Party], in

alliance with their friends in the LIPAD-PAI [Patriotic League for

Development-African Independence Party], are moving objectively against the

stream of our people's history.

After the nation's name and symbols were changed on 4 August 1984, the UGEBPCRV refused to change its name to comply with the new rules on the pretext

that "nothing has changed since 4 August 1983" and that we were still in Upper

Volta. To make them toe the line promptly, it was necessary to prohibit them

from holding a general meeting in Ouagadougou on 9 February. When school

reopened in October 1985 [as published, presumably 1984 intended], they spread

every possible rumor, even the most improbable, to divert the students from

the just battle being waged by their people under the leadership of the

National Council of the Revolution.

In Paris, they have been favored by their distance from home and by the

brainwashing work being done by part of the press in connection with the

Burkinabe revolution. Last June they even held a press conference in Paris

with a private radio station. That conference, incidentally, was in specific

implementation of a word of command sent out by the UGEB's CE [Executive

Committee] to its various sections at the start of the year. In two circular

letters, the CE had asked its sections to write letters to the president of

the republic protesting the 1985 budget bill as well as the suspension

measures and other sanctions applied to the signers of the statement of 28

January 1985. The same letters also said that the UGEB sections were to

undertake campaigns to sensitize international public opinion to the

"repression" in Burkina.

15
Unlike the university CDR's [Committees for the Defense of the Revolution],

which feel that unions which "link the satisfaction of their demands with that

of the people's aspirations... are anti-imperialist unions whose objectives

and principles must not oppose those of the revolution but are, on the

contrary, the same" (see page 38 of the transactions of the seminar held from

8 to 17 September 1984), the flunkies in the PCRV have always upheld the

erroneous thesis that unions and CDR's are in direct opposition to each other.

That argument is not new in Burkinabe union circles. For a long time, in

order to manipulate the workers and achieve their own objectives (the conquest

of power), union officials have kept alive in the minds of a great many of

their members the idea that the union is a tool for struggle against the

government, regardless of what kind of government that may be. By

systematically placing unions and CDR's (which are organs of the government)

in opposition to each other, the flunkies in the PCRV are reviving a--sadly--

outmoded tradition.

In response to brainwashing, slander, and lies, many comrades have undertaken

argument as a means of causing the proper line to triumph. In the view of

those comrades, it is a matter of combating economism, sectarianism,

intellectual terrorism, and anarcho-syndicalism. In their view, the union is

a framework for defending the interests of the students. But the students are

members of the pe-;ie, and the complete satisfaction of their aspirations is

linked to that of the people themselves. From that standpoint, the students

have no "isolated" interests taking precedence over those of the people. For

the militant comrades in the universities, relations between union and

government are not fixed for all time: they depend on the nature of the

government. This means that people's government and unions are complementary

because they are pursuing the same goals: they both want to ensure the

people's well-being.

Faced with the political clearsightedness of our comrades and cornered on the

theoretical level, the counterrevolution found other means of struggle:

physical violence. In Paris, for example, student members of the Paris CDR

were attacked in January, while in some subsections of the AEBF [Association

of Burkinabe Students in France]--in Clermont-Ferrand, for example--students

are expelled from general meetings. The same practices are being followed in

Ouagadougou, with motions of censure and warnings to certain militants. After

their vile act against the comrades in Paris, the national populists dared to

attack a CDR delegate at the University of Ouagadougou. This time it was too

much. The individual responsible for the dirty work--Ange Mpemma Bazie--has

received the appropriate response: corporal punishment and suspension of his

scholarship.

Actually, these petty bourgeois trends and practices are the "childhood

diseases" of every revolution, and they are destined to disappear as the

revolution grows stronger and consolidates its position.

11798

CSO: 3419/527

16
JPRS-SSA,-85-0 9 4

3 October 1985

BURKINA

TRADE UNION CONFLICTS SINCE REVOLUTION RECAPPED

Ouagadougou CARREFOUR AFRICAIN in French 2 Aug 85 pp 44-46

[Article by Francois Compaore and Sylvestre X. Some]

[Text] From the standpoint of social and trade union life, the keynote of

Year 2 of the Democratic People's Revolution [RDP] has unquestionably been the

struggle against opportunistic deviations from the correct and rational antiimperialist trade union line, notably those due to the corporatist and

anarcho-syndicalist tendencies that crystallized immediately after the events

of 4 August 1983. : A correct understanding of the trade union question is now

of capital importance to revolutionaries in the sense that while the union

movement is a powerful factor for class struggle in the social system of

capitalist production, union activity takes on a new form under a

revolutionary system, becoming broader, more extensive, and more complex as

far as its mission and methods of action are concerned.

It was with a view to ensuring a correct orientation of the union movement in

our country that the vast debate aimed at clarification and linked to the new

political context got underway. That clarification was also necessary and

inevitable due to the sharpened awareness of the vast majority of the workers,

who are, moreover, organized into the structures for mobilization and

awareness represented by the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution

(CDR's). The awakening of the broad working masses to political life--after

long confinement in obscurantism due to trade union inactivity and

incompetence in the area of training and awareness--and the exercise of

people's government gave those workers the necessary theoretical weapons for

forcing the unions into a salutary policy battle for political clarification

and correct orientation.

During the first year of the RDP, some opportunistic leaders were able to keep

their organizations immobile "while waiting to see," but the qualitatively new

awareness on the part of the workers, who were responsive, moreover, to the

RDP's victories in the social area--the construction of low-cost housing, the

suspension of rents, public transportation, and reduced school fees--could no

longer be reconciled with the tailist attitude expected by opportunistic

workers and leaders and counterrevolutionaries. The rank and file soon

reacted by denouncing those opportunistic leaders (at the special congress of

17
the SNEAHV (now the SNEB) in August 1984, in the open letter from the National

Committee of SUVESS [Sole Upper 'oltan Union of Teachers of Secondary and

Higher Education] (now the SNESS) concerning the opportunistic deviations by

the secretary general of the CSB [Burkinabe Trade Union Confederation] from

the policy laid down by the central union at its second special congress, in

the appeal for mobilization of the SYNTSHA's rank-and-file members for the

reconstruction and reorientation of their union, in the denunciation by rankand-file members of the officers of the Union of Treasury Workers, and so on).

Reactionary Forces' "Submarines"

The capitalist system's structural crisis, whose manifestations include the

offensive by capital, bankruptcies, and the generalized economic recession, is

causing a resurgence in the international union movement of opportunistic

trends, notably the persistence of economism and the development of anarchosyndicalism. That situation is reflected in the Burkinabe union movement. In

their attempt to regain "paradise lost" and in alliance with international

imperialism, the national reactionary forces were to use witting or unwitting

agents within the unions to exploit the deviations of economism and anarchosyndicalism to the hilt and turn them into fortresses for political subversion

of the people's government embodied in the National Council of the Revolution

[CNR]. The response by the people's government to the gasoline strike by the

SNEAHV on 20 and 21 March 1984 showed the bourgeoisie then the measure and

degree of the people's determination to defend, widen, and consolidate the

gains of the August Revolution. In their bad-tempered efforts to put an end

to the revolutionary process, the reactionary forces then changed tactics by

recruiting their active agents within the political and union forces whose

point of reference is the Left while continuing, in the economic area, their

acts of sabotage in the form of closed factories and massive layoffs for the

purpose of causing social tension favorable to political agitation by

opportunists of all stripes. With the radicalization of the struggle for

economic independence, as reflected in the courageous sacrifices agreed to by

the people through their representatives at the national budget conference and

in the economic measures contained in the 1985 budget bill, the irrationality

of the petty bourgeoisie (the basic foundation of most of the unions) and the

opportunism of certain union leaders were to be laid bare. The vast campaign

to brainwash the workers that was launched by the "submarines" of the

reactionary forces within the union movement culminated last 27 September

[1984] with the opening of the First SAMAV (Autonomous Union of "Upper Voltan"

Magistrates) Congress. Using the theme of the congress--"the independence of

Burkina's judges"--as its pretext, SAMAV indulged in coarse and baseless

criticism of the instruments of people's justice forged by the people (the

TPR's [Revolutionary People's Courts]) and also started a propaganda campaign

on behalf of bourgeois notions of justice and democracy. It was on the basis

of those bourgeois ideas about democracy and purchasing power that leftist

phrasemongers in the opportunistic leadership bodies tried, notably in the

statement of 28 January 1985, to sow confusion in the minds of RDP militants.

The reaction by the rank-and-file members of those various unions to their

opportunistic leaders attested to the extent of the policy debate among them.

And to avoid being put in the minority by their rank and file, some leaders

simply froze all activity or provoked splits in their unions.

18
Clarification

Denouncing leftism and anarcho-syndicalism in his historic speech during a

meeting at the inauguration of the Poura gold production plant on 14 October

1984, the chairman of the CNR warned that "brainwashing and disruption will be

attacked with flamethrowers." That statement by the president of the republic

encompasses the full measure of the vast process of political clarification

that began on the national level after the first CNR government was removed--a

politicounion clarification made urgent by the slippage with which the August

Revolution was being threatened by the currents of opportunistic and putschist

ideas existing among reformists in the PAI-LIPAD [African Independence PartyPatriotic League for Development] and the populist and dogmatic members of the

PCRV [Upper Voltan Revolutionary Communist Party]. The fight against the

corporatist line on the one hand and against anarcho-syndicalism on the other

was to become the order of the day in the unions. Through intense debate

among the rank and f4l in the union movement in general and through newspaper

articles, discussions by the CDR's, and conferences, the awareness of the

members is growing and becoming sharper as regards their understanding of the

phenomena of economism and anarcho-syndicalism, which are due to an

underestimation in the first case and an overestimation in the second case of

the role and nature of unions and of their correct orientation in a

revolutionary regime. To protect themselves from the policy struggle in their

organizations, some leaders of central and local unions adopted the tactic of

freezing all activity. Others settled into immobilism with the argument that

"there is no debate over policy in my union." Other union organizations, on

the other hand, engaged in analyses that helped enrich a revolutionary

understanding of the role of rational anti-imperialist unions in a time of

revolution. In the conclusions reached at its 13th congress, for example, the

SNESS showed its determination not to "serve as a stepladder for obscure

political forces trying to attain power." It also called on its members to

" make an effort to forget themselves in the general interest" and expressed

regret that the situation of the working masses in the rural areas "has not

always been taken sufficiently and officially into account by the workers'

organizations," which have been more preoccupied with corporatist demands.

That legitimate concern, now gaining more and more ground in the genuinely

anti-imperialist union organizations, is, all in all, a new orientation but

one which fits in perfectly with the logic governing union activity in a

revolutionary regime: it calls for engaging in struggle--overall struggle--in

a unitary framework and for creating the conditions for a constant raising of

the political and occupational level of the members through persuasion,

education, training, and development of the internationalist spirit.

Rehabilitating the Workers

At the same time that it has contributed to political clarification within the

national union movement through critical debates and analyses by the CDR's,

the people's government has also taken important steps to liberate the worker,

notably by abolishing the poll tax, reducing school fees, subdividing and

distributing parcels of land, establishing a system of urban and interurban

transportation, providing free housing in 1985 and the vaccination blitz, and

so on. Those are all actions whose economic and especially social impact in

19
favor of the workers cannot be measured by the yardstick of sacrifices

accepted in the area of compensation and wages. This is a basic fact which

the petty bourgeois neglect to consider in their brainwashing campaign

concerning the "drop in the purchasing power of the 'workers.'"

In the political area, the people's government has helped rehabilitate the

workers by involving them closely in the decisionmaking process (through the

invitation to the national budget conference) and in the management of firms

(through the order of 15 August 1984, which gives the CDR's and the unions

access to seats on the boards of directors of state-owned firms and mixedeconomy firms). In the social area, establishment by the CNR of the

Revolutionary Solidarity Fund has enabled Burkinabe workers to increase their

awareness of the necessary solidarity among workers and affirm the political

will to rely on their own strength. By making 1 May 1985 a people's holiday,

the CNR enabled the workers to throw in their lot--beyond the traditional

lists of grievances--with all the people. Moreover, by starting the first

training seminar for CDR and union delegates last 4 February, the people's

government demonstrated its firm determination to give workers the means for

improving their training and democratizing knowledge: the result was that 220

CDR delegates and 180 union delegates benefited from a transfer of knowledge.

On that occasion, those attending the seminar condemned the attitude of

certain union organizations which refused to participate and thus deprived

their members of the means of improving their training.

As regards relations between the union organizations and the people's

government, and despite the brainwashing campaigns by some unions and union

attempts to oppose the CDR's, the CNR has always maintained contact out of a

concern for constant dialogue, but it has stood firm on principles. On 23

February 1985, three union confederations--the ONSL, USTB [Burkinabe Workers

Trade Union Confederation], and CNTB [National Confederation of Burkinabe

Workers]--met with the chairman of the CNR. On 2 April, representatives of

the 11 unions that had sigi.-d the statement of 28 June were received by the

president of the republic. On that occasion, the comrade president spoke to

them firmly, telling them that the CNR could be lenient toward the signers but

that account would be taken of their attitude toward our people's struggle.

The awareness campaign undertaken among the masses by the August Revolution

made possible a qualitative raising of the political level of the workers, and

they, thus armed with clear awareness, have caused the masks to drop from

opportunistic union leaders. The policy struggle for a correct orientation of

the Burkinabe union movement will no doubt be a long-term job. It is up to

the workers to assume their responsibilities by providing their unions with

rational leaders. It is in that direction that the future prospects for the

struggle for politicounion clarification lie.

11798

CSO: 3419/527

20
JPRS-SSA-85-0 9 4

3 October 1985

CAPE VERDE

CRISIS IN MARITIME TRANSPORT STUDIED

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 25 Jul 85 p 10

/Textl In a report presented to Parliament, the Cape Verde Government

emphasized its concern with the reorganization of the transportation and

communications sector as part of the developmental scheme covered by the

Second National Economic Plan. With detrimental effects on the business

sector, transportation and communications were allocated 1 . 6 billion escudos

in 1984, as compared with 88 million for business, due to transportation and

communications' greater potential for generating foreign exchange, regarded

as necessary to the self-financing of developmental programs, and to the

monetary support of the government's domestic programs.

In this context, the maritime transportation sector received the closest

study, since air transportation has already shown positive results in

its early development, and ground transportation is said to require close

regulation and control.

Maritime transportation, as it did in 1983, continues to suffer the effects

of the persistent international shipping crisis. According to the report,

the international slowdown has aggravated internal structural problems,

such as the weakness of the country's economy, difficulties in marine

transportation planning, and a lack of ability in the development of

planned and modern growth of activities, all based on a lack of organization

in the merchant marine sector. In the face of this negative stiuation,

firms in this industry had serious liquidity problems during 1984,

endangering their financial viability.

In addition, foreign ships on long hauls frequently prefer to make port

at other African locations rather than Cape Verde; going, for example,

to Senegal because of the services available there.

With regard to the reorganization of maritime transport with a view to

results that are more responsive to the needs of the country, and to

better development of the sector, the authorities began by putting into

effect a program of financial rehabilitation, and of improvement of

services provided at Cape Verde ports. With this in mind, the National

Port Company (ENAPOR), with the technical assistance of the World Bank,

has gone to work. At the same time, construction projects at the ports

of Praia (where silos have already been completed), and Palmeira are

proceeding well, while the first phase of the modernization of the network

of navigation lights is practically completed.

21
All of these projects are aimed at improving the maritime and port capacity

of Cape Verde, and placing the country in a relatively stable position

vis-a-vis the international merchant marine crisis, which requires better

and better service at ports of call.

The ground transportation sector, like the maritime, is going through a

serious phase with regard to financing and growth. According to the

report, the Transcor company, which provides urban public transportation,

is experiencing a grave economic crisis; its situation is of concern,

and is reflected in the poor condition of its equipment, and the

diminishing quality of the service it provides. Intervention has been

recommended, with the aim of rehabilitating the company through greater

regulation and supervision of its activities, and to allow it to become

a profitable entity within the micro-economy of transportation and

communications.

12857

CSO: 3442/389

22
JPRS-SSA-85-0 9 4

3 October 1985

CHADIAN-LIBYAN COEXISTENCE GROWS MORE DIFFICULT

PM131149 Paris LE MONDE in French 11 Sep 85 p 1

[Dispatch by Francoise Chipaux: "The Libyan Army Consolidates Its Control

Over North"]

[Excerpts] Tripoli--Less than 1 year after the signing of the 17 September

agreement between Paris and Tripoli on the simultaneous withdrawal of their

troops from Chad, the Libyan Army, which is around 5,000-strong, has consolidated its control over northern Chad, which is now divided into three military

regions. The Libyan headquarters are apparently established around Ouadi-Doum

oasis, approximately 400 km southeast of Aozou, a strategic point from which

reinforcements can be sent to Fada in the east or Faya Largeau in the west.

However, for the past year Chadian-Libyan coexistence in the field has become

increasingly difficult and the Chadian population apparently finds it difficult to tolerate Tripoli's control over its territory. "The Libyans exercise

control over the whole population," an expert explained, "and are using distribution of food at specified locations to cause the Toubous to settle.

Moreover they are very afraid of them and this is justified because the

Toubous, warriors at heart, have attacked Libyan patrols several times." The

distrust which characterizes relations in the field between the Libyans and

their Chadian "allies" is strong enough for the latter to be deprived of any

independent logistical resources, particularly gasoline. That is one way of

trying to end the desertions and changes of side which are continuing,

although at a low rate since the distances in the middle of the desert do not

make things easy.

Relations between the Chadian opposition to President Hissein Habre and Libya,

which were behind the imprisonment of Revolutionary Democratic Council [CDR]

leader Acheik Ibn Omar, occupied part of the Cotonou talks although, according

to National Unity Transition Government [GUNT] Foreign Minister Adoum Yacoub,

those talks did not clear up all the ambiguities. "We only received partial

answers to our problems," he told us in Tripoli, stressing that "Libyan aid is

no longer what it was in the military and logistical sphere. We no longer

have stocks of munitions or gasoline."

Although there is reason to think that the Chadian opposition has an interest

in stressing its disagreements with Tripoli to make people believe it is

23
independent, it is nonetheless true--and the Libyans realize this--that the

vast majority of this opposition is hostile to them; "Nobody accepts Libya

aside from Goukoumi's aides, and not even all of them do," according to

somebody who knows what he is talking about; and it was as much to monitor the

meeting as to reassure the participants that Colonel Messaoud Abdel Hafiz,

Chad's man in Tripoli, attended the Cotonou talks at the head of a large

Libyan delegation.

Moreover, according to Adoum Yacoub, this GUNT meeting was held in Cotonou--a

capital which, it is true, supports the Libyan views--"because a number of

faction leaders were reluctant to travel through Libya." However, this

"reunion," to use Mr Yacoub's expression, has not yet led to the release of

Acheik Ibn Omar, leader of the CDR, the GUNT's main armed force, held since

1984. According to Ousmane Djidda, his representative, who met him in Gouro

before heading the CDR delegation to Cotonou, steps are being taken to release

him and Ibn Omar could take his place in the Supreme Revolutionary Council--a

new body set up in Cotonou, also under Goukoumi Oueddei's chairmanship.

Colonel al-Qadhdhafi, victorious in the field where he has consolidated his

positions at the cost of an unpopular and extremely costly occupation, is

keeping a low profile for one, and Chad, whose name he did not mention in his

1 September speech seems to be being completely ignored in Tripoli. However,

one thing seems clear: The Libyans will remain in Chad as long as Col

al-Qadhdhafi is there and as long as the Chadians fail to agree on a man who

would have his approval.

CSO: 3400/1132

24
JPRSSSSA-85-09 4

3 October 1985

ETHIOPIA

WPE PRIMARY ORGANIZATIONS CONTINUE, 'CONCLUDE MEETINGS

Increased Commitment, Production Urged

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 27 Aug 85 pp 1, 3

[Excerpt] The annual general meetings of WPE primary organisations continue to

take place in Addis Ababa and in the regions in accordance with the rules and

regulations of the WPE.

The WPE Central Committee area, the Revolutionary Ethiopia Children's Village,

the National Military Service and Civil Defence Main Department, the Ethiopian

Leather Factory and the different sections of the Revolutionary Police headquarters carried out yesterday the annual general meetings of their WPE primary

organisations.

Comrade Mengistu Haile-Mariam, General Secretary of the CC of the WPE, Chairman

of the PMAC and Commander-in-Chief of the Revolutionary Armed Forces, attended

the WPE primary organization meeting of the environs of the WPE Central Committee. Present at the meeting were also other senio rparty members.

The First Secretary of the area's WPE primary organization presented to the

meeting a detailed central report on the area's political, economic and social

activities which was followed by a frank, democratic discussion.

Addressing the meeting, the First Secretary of the area WPE primary organisation

committee noted that among the major and concrete achievements were those related to consciousness development, organisational growth, discipline, giving

precedence to popular cause and maintaining vigil or the defence of the Revolutionary Motherland.

Pointing out that WPE primary organisations have a leading role to play in

further strengthening the party and its leadership, the First Secretary of the

WPE primary organisation committee of the WPE primary organisation committee of

the area said that the members must continue to enhance their participation both

individually and collectively.

Higher party representatives who attended other meetings were Comrade Berhanu

Bayih, member of the Political Bureau 6f the CC of the WPE and Minister of

Labour and Social Affairs, at the Revolutionary Ethiopia Children's Village.

25
Comrade Commodore Haile Wolde-Mariam, member of the CC of the WPE, at the National Military Service and Civil Defence Main Department, Comrade Worku

Ferede, member of the CC of the WPE, at the Ethiopian Leather Factory, Comrade

Major Wondimu Alemu, alternate member of the CC of the WPE and Head of the

Political Department of the Revolutionary Police Force in the different sections

of the Revolutionary Police Headquarters.

Speaking at the annual general meeting of the WPE primary organisation he attended, Comrade Berhanu Bayih said that the revolution had been greatly

strengthened by the leadership of the party which has assumed the responsibility of establishing the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (PDRE).

He said that in order to accomplish its duty, the party must have members who

are fully committed to the Marxist-Leninist ideology and dedicated to its objectives. He added that they should not advance their personal interests but

should stand for the welfare and well-being of the people and also be ready to

pay any sacrifice to this end.

Comrade Berhanu Bayih further stated that efforts must be made to improve pro-

.duction technology in order to further improve the living conditions of the

broad masses. He urged that hard work must be devoted to the expansion and

development of economic projects so that government and public holdings will

have a much greater share in the economy.

Comrade Berhanu said that the activities undertaken by the Children's Village

in the ideological, organizational and other aspects were very satisfactory and

urged that this trend should be maintained in the future.

On Sunday, Comrade Tekaligne Balcha, member of the CC of the WPE and Deputy

Chairman of the Central Control Commission, spoke at the Ethio-Japan Nylon

Textile Factory WPE primary organization and pointed out that the workers of

the factory had made immense contributions in translating into deeds the programmes and directives of the party to increase production.

Comrade Commodore Haile Wolde-Mariam in the meeting he attended yesterday recalled the lukewarm stand of imperialism for world peace and detente and its

interest in enhancing the nuclear arms race and trying to militarise space.

He also noted the efforts being made by imperialism to suffocate socialist

revolutions.

Comrade Worku Ferede, speaking at the WPE meeting of the Ethiopia Leather

Factory, said that the factory plays an important role in the construction of

the national economy. He lauded the efforts of the WPE primary organization

members and the workers of the factory for the significant contributions they

made to increase production.

The members of the WPE primary organization of the factory later pledged that

they would pay every sacrifice for the implementation of the Ten-year Development Plan and for the founding of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.

26
Comrade Major Wondimu, addressing the WPE primary organization meeting of the

various sections of the Political Department of the Revolutionary Police, noted

that the report just presented reveals that the WPE primary organizations had

translated numerous party resolutions within one year.

Comrade Major Wondimu urged the WPE primary organizations to do their level

best in politicizing and agitating members of the Revolutionary Police to live

up to expectations through protecting public property and safeguarding peace

and security of the community.

Earlier on Sunday the annual general meetings of WPE primary organitations also

took place in different government departments, factories and other institutions.

Organizations where the meetings took place include the Akaki Textiles, the

Kaliti Steel Works, the Ethiopian Fibre Factory, the Ethio-Japan Nylon Factory,

the Akaki Garments Sewing Establishment, and the Meher Fibre Factory.

Similarly, the annual general meeting of the WPE primary organization of the

Ministry of Law and Justice was conducted Sunday in the presence of Comrade

Amanuel Amde-Michael, member of the Political Bureau of the CC of the WPE and

Minister of Law and Justice, who represented the higher party body.

Other higher party body representatives at the WPE primary organizations were:

Comrade Tesfaye Dinka, alternate member of the Political Bureau of the CC of

the WPE and Minister of Finance at the Akaki Textiles Factory, Comrade Ashagre

Yigletu, member and Secretary of the CC of the WPE at the Kaliti Steel Works,

Comrade Mersae Ijjigu, member of the CC of the WPE and Minister of the National

Committee for Central Planning, at the Ethiopian Fibre Factory, Comrade

Gezahegne Gebre, member of the CC of the WPE and Deputy Editor-in-Chief of

Serto Ader, at the Akaki Garments Sewing Factory, Comrade Getachew Haile, member of the WPE Committee of Shoa region and Chairman of the Committee's Audit

Commission at the Meher Fibre Factory.

Speaking at the WPE primary organization meeting of the Ministry of Law and

Justice, Comrade Amanuel said that the employees of the Ministry have a great

responsibility in the formulation and implementation of law as well as in

judicial administration. He noted that leading priority has been given to law

and justice by the party in view of the formation of the People's Democratic

Republic of Ethiopia.

Comrade Tesfaye Dinka, who delivered a statement at the WPE primary organization meeting at the Akaki Textiles Factory, said that party members have to

wage a ceaseless struggle for a socialist economic construction. He stressed

that party members should work with determination for the formation of the

People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.

Comrade Tesfaye further noted that immense responsibility was entrusted to the

workers of the factory in view of the high demand for the product. He lauded

the contributions of the workers by pointing out that they had rallied for increase in production, for the improvement of creative capability, for the

27
production of spare parts and maintaining machineries, and have thereby worked

for the strengthening of the revolution.

Comrade Tesfaye urged the workers to continue their revolutionary participation and construction effort with determination.

Addressing the participants of the meeting he attended, Comrade Ashagre Yigletu

said that primary organizations are the cornerstones of the party which create

an atmosphere of understanding between the party and the broad masses and give

a political, organizational, ideological, and economic leadership so as to step

up the implementation of the various directives of the party by the working

people.

Speaking at the meeting he attended, Comrade Mersae IjJigu noted that encouraging and satisfactory efforts had been made so far characterized by the WPE's

great mission with the view to creating the People's Democratic Republic of

Ethiopia wherein justice, equality, democracy, freedom and socialism will prevail.

Comrade Mersae commended the efforts made by the WPE primary organization to

boost production and urged that further efforts must be exerted to increase

production in the agricultural, industrial and other sectors of the economy

in order to meet the needs of the people.

At the annual general meeting of the WPE primary organization of Akaki Garments

Sewing Factory, Comrade Gezahengne Gebre, said that with the concerted action

taken by the workers of the factory and the administration, a satisfactory result has been achieved by producing over the quota.

Comrade Getachew Haile, speaking at Meher Fibre Factory, said that the activities of the workers for the building of the new socialist economy was encouraging.

The meeting started after the adoption of the meetings' agenda and programmes

and election of presidium members. Discussions were held during the meeting on

the achievements of the past year.

Executive Committee members for the WPE primary organizations were democratically elected. On the occasion, participants reaffirmed their readiness to pay

sacrifices for the establishment of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

and for the implementation of the Ten-year Perspective Plan.

WPE primary organizations continue holding their annual meetings to assess

past performance and map out future strategy.

At yesterday's meetings, Comrade Fikre-Selassie Wogderess, Politburo member

of the CC of the WPE and Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers, attended

the WPE primary organization meeting of the Ministry of State Farms Development, Comrade Amanuel Amde-Michael, member of the Politburo of the CC of the

WPE and Minister of Law and Justice, at the Relief and Rehabilitation Commission, Comrade Alemu Abebe, Politburo member of the CC of the WPE and Chairman

of the Central Control Commission, at the Central Committee Office of the

Revolutionary Ethiopia Women's Association (REWA)--Comrade Teka Tulu, alternate

28
member of the Politburo of the CC of the WPE and Chairman of the Central Audit

Commission, at the National Working People's Control Committee--Comrade

Shewangdagne Belete, alternate member of the Politburo and Secretary of the

CC of the WPE, at the National Studies Institute--Comrade Kassa Gebre, alternate member of the Politburo of the CC of the WPE and Minister of Construction,

at the National Water Resources Development Commission--Comrade Ashagre Yigletu,

member and Secretary of the CC of the WPE, at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs--

Comrade Abdel-Hafez Yousuf, member of the CC of the WPE, at the Adei Ababa

Cotton Factory--and Comrade Tesfaye Tadesse, member of the CC of the WPE and

Editor-in-Chief of Serto Ader, at the Berhanena Selam Printing Press.

Speaking at the meeting of the WPE primary organization of the Ministry of

State Farms Development, Comrade Fikre-Selassie stressed the leadership role

of such organizations and said that party members should enhance their political consciousness to be able to discharge their responsibility fully.

Comrade Fikre-Selassie recalled that although the strategy for withstanding

the effects of drought was mapped out immediately following the establishment

of the party, the challenge has been met satisfactorily. In this connection

he commended the part played by members of the Ministry of State Farms Development, adding that he was confident the Ministry will discharge its responsibility in the implementation of future food strategy.

Comrade Fikre-Selassie noted the need for strengthening the leadership role of

members of WPE primary organizations in the execution of party policy and programmes.

Comrade Amanuel Amde-Michael noted the complex nature of current socio-economic

problems and said that at this period of transition individual interest should be

eschewed in favour of the common good. He pointed out that the building of a

socialist economy figures high on the list of the nation's priorities and

stressed the importance of thrift, discipline, and work efficiency and productivity in the day-to-day life of the people. Comrade Amanuel also mentioned

the building of a potent defence bulwark, the execution of party programmes

and the implementation of the Ten-year Perspective Plan as urgent tasks, adding

that the establishment of a People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia was of decisive importance.

The Minister commended the multi-faceted drive of the RRC in the rehabilitation

programme and said that it was important that the Commission's WPE primary organitation be strengthened in order to fully execute party strategy in this

area of endeavour.

Comrade Alemu Abebe hailed the activities of and results achieved by Ethiopian

women during the post-revolution period and said the work of the REWA Central

Committee WPE primary organization should be intensified.

Noting that there has been visible response to the call made by the Revolutionary Leader, Comrade Alemu said WPE primary organizations shoulder heavy responsibility in ensuring its practical application.

29
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

Comrade Teka Tulu made mention of the steps taken and strategies devised by

the Politburo of the CC of the WPE to move compatriots affected by the drought

from disaster-prone and overused areas to more fertile parts of the country and

the efforts being made to provide drought victims with relief supplies. He

also spoke of the measures taken by the party to implement the Ten-year SocioEconomic Development Plan.

Comrade Teka elaborated in detail on the role being played by the Working

People's Control Committee and urged Control Committee members to work hard

and to free themselves from self-centred and opportunistic tendencies.

Comrade Shewandague Belete said that efforts are well under way, among

other things, to establish the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia in order

to ensure the supremacy of the working people and underlined the role of the

Ethiopian Nationalities Studies Institute to this end.

Addressing the WPE primary organization meeting at the National Water Resources

Development Commission, Comrade Kassa Kebede lauded the activities of the Organization at various rehabilitation centres and in extending material and moral

support to drought victims.

Speaking at the meeting of the WPE primary organization of the Ministry of

Foreign Affairs, Comrade Ashagre Yigletu noted the share of the Ethiopian working people in the global made on the reports in frank and democratic ways.

Present at the meetings were Comrade Lt.-Col. Shewarega Bihonegn, member of

the CC of the WPE and Head of the Political Department of the Second Revolutionary Army, and Comrade Tewodros Gebre-Egziabher, Head of Propaganda and Agitation Affairs of the regional WPE Committee.

AETU Responsibility Stressed

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 29 Aug 85 p 1

[Text] Comrade Mengistu Haile-Mariam yesterday reminded the WPE primary organization of the Central Council of the All Ethiopia Trade Union (AETU) of the

need to exert increased and unreserved efforts to make the working class of

of Revolutionary Ethiopia fulfil its share of responsibilities in the task of

constructing the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.

Comrade Mengistu Haile-Mariam, General Secretary of the CC of the WPE, Chairman of the PMAC and Commander-in-Chief of the Revolutionary Armed Forces, was

addressing the annual general meeting of the WPE primary organization of the

Central Council of the AETU.

Comrade Mengistu, who represented the Central Committee of the WPE, stressed

the economic, political and social challenges facing the working class of

Revolutionary Ethiopia to build the new People's Democratic Republic of

Ethiopia in place of the old one that had languished for ages in backwardness

and ignorance.

30
JPRS'SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

Comrade Mengistu further noted that the WPE primary organisations were entrusted

with the heavy responsibility of strengthening WPE, the country's leading political organization, and to consolidate its social foundation in the light of the

great objective of attaining a society in which economic justice, social prosperity and a life of hope and promise prevail.

In his statement, the Revolutionary Leader said that the Revolutionary Army

which emerged from workers and peasants and which is the defender and supporter

of the new political system is presently undertaking Valuable duties throughout

the country for the success of the annual meetings of the WPE primary organizations. He elaborated on the major role being played by the Revolutionary

Army in the defence of the territorial integrity of the Motherland and in safeguarding the peace and security ofothe people as well as in paving the way for

the formation of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.

The Revolutionary Army, said Comrade Mengistu, -is creating the necessary condition for the success of the third regular plenum of the CC of the WPE scheduled

for the beginning of next week and for the celebration with a sense of greater

triumph and victory of the llth anniversary of the revolution.

The Revolutionary Leader stated that the Revolutionary Army has scored encouraging results in registering more victories over secessionists and anti-popular

bandits.

Referring to the challenge of constructing a strong socialist economy at the

present juncture, Comrade Mengistu said thatthe WPE prilmary organization of

the Council of the AETU has the revolutionary duty of making consistent effort

and waging a sustained struggle by charting out the necessary ideological and

organizational strategy to enhance its leadership capability and further consolidate the participation of the workinguclass.

Comrade Mengistu also emphasised that the working class of Revolutionary

Ethiopia in addition to the struggle it has to carry out to fulfil its historic

mission and defending the interests of its members has to demonstrate its class

alliance with the peasants so that out-dated forms of agricultural practice

would give way to new farming methods and production with agricultural machineries would be popularised.

Gash-Setit Visited

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 30 Aug 85 pp 1, 5

[Text]• Tessenei (ENA)--Members of the Revolutionary Army in Tessenei town and

district in Gash-Setit province of Eritrea region held their annual general

WPE primary organization meeting here Wednesday.

Reports covering activities undertaken in ideological, organizational, military, economic and social spheres during the past year were presented by the

first secretary of the WPE primary organization in the area.

31
JPRS-SSA"85.094

3 October 1985

Following wide-ranging discussions on the reports, the participants elected

executive committee members.

They later reaffirmed their readiness to contribute to efforts to rehabilitate

drought victims and make them self-supporting citizens, to wipe out secessionist bandits from the area, and ensure peace and tranquility in this part of the

region.

In another development, a team of party and government officials led by Comrade

Tefera Wonde, member of the CC of the WPE and First Secretary of the WPE Committee for Eritrea region, this week went on a tour of Gash-Setit province

and briefed heads of government offices and representatives of mass organizations in Barentu on the measures being taken by the party to improve the livelihood of the community and on Objective situation.

Comrade Tefera urged the people in the area to remain vigilant in safeguarding

the gains of the revolution and said that the committed participation of government departments and mass organizations is decisive in efforts under way to

construct a socialist order and to withstand the catastrophic effects of the

recurrent drought.

Comrade Fefera recalled that the people of the area had displayed their valour

and patriotism and called on them to forge their unity to score more victories.

Meanwhile, Comrade Maj. Gen. Merid Nigussie, member of the CC of the WPE, Chief

Administrator of Eritrea region, and Commander of the Second Revolutionary Army,

this week made working visits to Barentu and Tesenei towns of the same province.

During his visits Comrade Maj. Gen. Merid said that the party and the Revolutionary Government were making every effort to contain the effects of drought

and made mention of the contributions of the Revolutionary Army in this regard.

The Chief Administrator has also urged heads of government offices and officebearers of mass organizations in the two towns to live up to their responsibilities.

Present on the occasion were Comrade Lt.-Col. Shiwarega Behonegn, member of the

CC of the WPE and Read of the Political Department of the Second Revolutionary

Army, force commanders, heads of political affairs, as well as representatives

of government departments and mass organizations.

Addis, AEPA Meetings

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 30 Aug 85 pp 1, 3

[Text] The annual general meetings of the WPE primary organizations of the

Addis Ababa City Council and the All Ethiopia Peasants Association (AEPA)

were held yesterday.

32
The WPE primary organization meeting of the City Council was attended by

Comrade Alemu Abebe, member of the Political Bureau of the CC of the WPE and

Chairman of the Central Control Commission, and that of the AEPA by Comrade

Shewandagne Belete, alternate member of the Political Bureau and Secretary of

the CC of the WPE.

Addressing the meeting at the City Council, Comrade Alemu Abebe said that

the part played by the WPE primary organizations during the past year in

strengthening the leadership role of the WPE was both heartening and encouraging. Comrade Alemu pointed out that since the City Council has the responsibility of guiding and co-ordinating urban dwellers associations as well as administering the city, its party primary organization should be strengthened to

be able to fulfil its task. He said that as the Kebeles help familiarize residents with self-administration, this has a direct bearing on efforts towards

establishing the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.

Comrade Alemu urged the members of the City Council's party primary organization

to intensify their organizational and ideological activities and said that austerity measures were essential for development endeavours, adding that much was

expected from members to implement the call made by the Revolutionary Leader

to this end.

Speaking at the WPE primary organization meeting of the AEPA, Comrade

Shewandagne noted that the party was stepping up its leadership role through

the active participation of the WEE primary organizations and the broad masses.

The active role of the WPE primary organization of the AEPA Central Committee

attests to the fact that the party has penetrated the echelons of the peasant

masses which accounts for 90 per cent of the population, he added.

Comrade Shewandagne said'that the country was forced to depend on foreign handouts and to import grains and noted that the peasantry should combat selfcentered tendencies and that it should not be instrument of profiteers.

Comrade Shewandagne said that the objective of the country is to attain selfsufficiency in food within a short time and that the major responsibility in

attaining this goal lies with the farmers. He said that the advancement of

agriculture is the key to the expansion of industries and that therefore modern

agricultural techndques are a prerequisite for the overall progress of the

country.

Comrade Shewandagne commended the part played by the peasant farmers in

strengthening the nation's defence capability, in safeguarding the gains of

the revolution as well as in defending the unity and territorial integrity

of the country.

Similarly, government departments, mass organizations and other institutions

are presently conducting the meetings of their WPE primary organizations in

different regions, according to reports reaching here.

Among those which held their meetings this week are the Gewane, Melka Worer,

Melka Sede, Amibara and Angelele state farms, the Revolutionary Police offices

33
JPRS"SSA.85.0 9 4

3 October 1985

in Shoa, Illubabor and Bale regions, the Bale regional Revolutionary Ethiopia

Women's Association (REWA), the Wabe and Genale provincial administration office, the Mendeyo and Genale provincial workers' union, the AETU, REYA, REWA

and Ministry of Urban Development and Housing and State Farm in Gondar region,

the regional administrative office in Tigrai region, the Asmara WPE, the Saba

Bottling Factory, the northern region Telecommunication Authority and the

workers' union in Eritrea region.

Other institutions where meetings were held include the Kaffa regional administration, the western Abbaya district peasants' association, the Wagifo state

farm, the Gidole urban dwellers' association, the Anger, Ukie, LOko and Wama

agricuitural development organizations, the Genal province peasants' association, the Herero and Huntie agricultural development unit and the Harar Military School.

August 17 Conclusion

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 31 Aug 85 pp 1, 6

[Text] The annual general meetings of the WPE primary organizations which have

been in progress in the capital since August 17 wound up here yesterday.

On the concluding day, WPE primary organisation meetings were held at the Addis

Ababa WPE Committee office and at the Yekatit '66 Political School in the presence of Comrade Aberra Tadesse, First Secretary of the WPE committee of Zone

Four, and Comrade Wondimu Robi, member of the CC of the WPE, respectively, who

represented the higher party body.

During the meetings, reports on social, economic and political activities within the environs of the WPE primary organizations were discussed, strategies for

future action were charted and elections of members were conducted.

In a statement he delivered at the meeting he attended, Comrade Wondimu Robi

said that the WPE primary organization of the Yekatit '66 Political School

has the advantage of disseminating ideas discussed during its meeting as widely

as possible in view of the school's educational responsibilities to shape party

members through its courses.

Comrade Wondimu also noted that the coming year is one in which much efforts

have to be made by way of preparing the necessary manpower in the light of the

formation of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. He noted that

1985-86 would witness the anniversary of the founding of the Yekatit '66

Political School.

Much is expected from the WPE members in the school to initiate special preparations for taking stock of the school's contributions in the past ten years for

the realisation of the WPE, he said.

He further urged the members to prepare themselves for all-round endeavours,

for further developing their ideological weapon and for solving complex development and construction problems.

34
Comrade Wondimu further stated that the participants of the 20th course of

the Yekatit '66 Political School who were taking part in the meeting, were

awaited by significant undertakings. He also reminded them that unstinted

efforts are also expected of them in the present struggle to found the

People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.

At the meeting he attended Comrade Aberra Tadesse said that the meeting had

shown that the area's WPE primary organization had ensured that the construction projects devised by the WPE in line with the party's regulations and programme and the Ten-year Perspective Plan were implemented.

Noting that the activities of WPE bodies and members directly or indirectly

contribute towards the founding of the People's Democratic Republic of

Ethiopia, Comrade Aberra urged members to upgrade their political consciousness

and to strive to mobilize the broad masses so as to take part in the construction of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.

Explaining that, since its foundation, the WPE had issued rules and regulations, programmes and resolutions in anticipation that bodies and members

would translate them into deeds, Comrade Aberra said that party bodies in the

locality of the participants utilize these basic documents so that they will

carry out their duties efficiently.

Comrade Aberra further noted that the meeting reflected the Democratic nature

of the party and praised the revolutionary discipline and active participation

shown by members in democratic election of executive members for 1985-86.

CSO: 3400/1131

35
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

ETHIOPIA

COMRADE LEGESSE AWARDS PRIZES TO CAMPAIGNERS

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 31 Aug 85 pp 1, 3

[Text] Gambela (ENA)--Comrade Legesse Asfaw, member of the Political Bureau

and Secretary of the CC of the WPE, yesterday awarded different prizes to

teachers, students and workers who participated in the rehabilitation campaign from higher institutions of learning who are due to return after fulfilling their mission.

The teachers, students and workers from the higher educational institutions

have constructed roads and thousands of dwellings for drought victims who have

been resettled in the province. The campaigners were deployed in five campaign zones organized in six work brigades.

Six resettlement centres, seven schools and six assembly halls have been

constructed by the campaigners in addition to model houses and other facilities.

Speaking after handing over the prizes to meritorious institutions, brigades,

teams and individuals who have worked very hard through socialist emulation,

Comrade Legesse said at a ceremony conducted near the Tata-Hay locality to see

off the campaigners that the work done through the campaign is resettling

drought-victims does not only help to make the settlers self-supporting and

productive citizens but is also an exemplary job in the long term plan of resettlement programme.

He paid tribute to the campaigners for preparing the ground work to enable the

drought-victims to lead a comfortable life for which he said they are indebted

to them.

Comrade Legesse further believed the campaigners will be highly regarded by the

working class for bringing praise-worthy and satisfactory results by accepting

the national call and working alongside compatriots affected by the drought

using their knowledge and abilities. He added that the fact that they had

accomplished their mission satisfactorily with discipline and courage is a

testimony that they are the genuine sons and daughters of the broad masses.

Explaining that the current rehabilitation programme systematically launched

by the Party and the Revolutionary Government is part and parcel of the national endeavour to lay a material and technical basis for the realization of

36
socialist construction in Ethiopia, Comrade Legesso said that the experiences

gathered and the results registered by campaigners through their dedication

to planning, discipline, work co-ordination and above all their adherence to

socialist emulation is praiseworthy.

Earlier, Comrade Dadi Hundie, First Secretary of the WPE Committee of the rehabilitation programme for Gambella province, said that one of the rehabilitation sites where efforts are being made to rehabilitate drought-victims and

transform their lives is the rehabilitation programme in Gilo Valley.

He noted that the material and financial donations as well as the programmes

organized for the rehabilitatees by the campaigners from institutions of higher

education were very encouraging.

Comrade Bisrat Dilnesaw, Co-ordinator of the Baro campaigners' task force, outlined the tasks so far accomplished in connection with the rehabilitation programme.

Present on the occasion were Comrade Abdul Hafiz Yousuf, member of the CC of

the WPE, Comrade Simon Galore, member of the CC of the WPE and First Secretary

of the WPE Committee for Illubabor region, and Comrade Dr. Taye Gulilat,

Commissioner for Higher Education, officials from the Ministry of Education

and other comrades.

Earlier Comrade Legesse Asfaw inspected villages and dwelling units constructed

in Gambella province, Illubabor region, by the campaigners from higher institutions of learning.

Comrade Legesse also held talks with officials of the Commission for Higher Education and the President of the Addis Ababa University on arranging transportation facilities for the campaigners on their return to their respective institutions.

Comrade Dr. Taye Gulilat, Commissioner of Higher Education, presented a report

on the measures which need to be taken in this regard.

Present during the tour of inspection were Comrade Abdul Hafiz Yousuf, member

of the CCiof the WPE, Comrade Simeon Galore, member of the CC of the WPE and

First Secretary of the WPE Committee for Illubabor region, members of the

regional and provincial WPE Committees and representatives of government departments and mass organizations, as well as officials of the Ministry of Education.

CSO: 3400/1131

37
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

ETHIOPIA

COMRADE GASIKA PRESENTS PRIZES TO CAMPAIGNERS

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 1 Sep 85 pp 1, 6

[Text] Chagni (ENA)--Comrade Fasika Sidelil, alternate member of the Politburo and Secretary of the CC of the WPE, Friday presented prizes to campaigners

drawn from higher institutions of learning who were returning to their respective localities after completing their tour of duty at rehabilitation camps in

Metekel province of Gojjam region.

Comrade Fasika said the campaigners, comprising students, teachers and employees, had done a commendable job during their service at the Pawi rehabilitation

centre by answering the call of the Revolutionary Leader to save the lives of

drought victims. He noted that thousands of compatriots have been moved from

drought-prone areas to fertile regions and made to lead a new life.

Comrade Fasika pointed out that the participation of the campaigners and the

services they provided was contributory to the construction programme under

way in the country.

Comrade Zeleke Beyene, member of the CC of the WPE and First Secretary of the

WPE Committee of Gojjam region, said earlier that the campaigners had built

shelters for around 100,000 drought victims in Metekel.

Comrade Belew Teshale, First Secretary of the Pawi rehabilitation zone, reviewed the activities under way in the area.

Comrade Dr. Shibru Tedla, committee chairman of the Abay Task Force, delivered

detailed speech on the group's activities and performance.

A chart and photographic exhibition organized in connection with the conclusion

of the campaign was opened on the occasion by Comrade Fasika. The exhibition

depicts the activities in Pawi and its progress as well as the culture of

Metekel province.

Comrade Fasika presented the emblem of Metekel province organized by the regional WPE Committee, a trophy and a certificate to the Bele-Brigade in recognition of its performance. Prizes and certificates were also given to institutions, teams and subgroups for their contributions to the success of the campaign. Comrade Fasika earlier inspected various crops which are sprouting

well, the modern hospital which is nearing completion, a bakery and the camps

of the campaigners as well as the health centres.

CSO: 3400/1131 38
JPRS-SSA-85-0 9 4

3 October 1985

ETHIOPIA

RETURNING CAMPAIGNERS ACCORDED ENTHUSIASTIC WELCOME

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 1 Sep 85 pp 1, 5

[Text] Students, teachers and workers from higher institutions of learning

who accomplished their mission in rehabilitation centres in Bambella in response

to the National Call made by the Revolutionary Leader on Feb. 9, began yesterday to return to their respective places.

The campaigners who returned here yesterday after establishing model villages,

constructing dwelling units and schools were given a warm welcome by Comrade

Maj. Mezgebe Worke, alternate member of the CC of the WPE and the Addis Ababa

Military Commissary. Also on hand to welcome the campaigners were first secretaries of the WPE committees of the five zones of the capital, officials of the

commission for higher education and the Ministry of Education as well as parents

and relatives of the campaigners.

Comrade Maj. Mezgebe said that today's contributions of the campaigners to help

the needy will surely be gratified to witness in a year or two that the drought

victims whom they helped have become self-supporting and productive citizens.

Comrade Maj. Mezgebe noted that much was expected of the youth and lauded the

participation of the youth in helping compatriots in times of need and difficulties.

Comrade Maj. Mezgebe expressed the hope that the work of the campaigners in the

rural parts would have enabled them to see for themselves the nationwide activities of the party to construct a new system and to create a new man.

Comrade Yohannes Berhanu, representative of the work brigade which arrived

yesterday, said that during their two-month stay in Gambella the campaigners

not only constructed thousands of dwelling units, schools and established model

villages but also carried out researches, literacy campaigns and organized

several festivals'and literary activities.

Participants of the campaign also spoke of their contributions and appreciated

the active cooperation of party and government officials in fulfilling their

mission.

CSO: 3400/1131

39
JPRS-SSA-85-09 4

3 October 1985

ETHIOPIA

PDRE CONSTITUTION TO BE DRAFTED

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 4 Sep 85 p 2

[Editorial: "On Solid Path of Victory"]

[Text] A Constitutional Commission is to be formed to prepare the draft of

the constitution for the establishment of the People's Democratic Republic of

Ethiopia (PDRE). A survey of public opinion will also be conducted regarding

the document so as to ensure that the final draft meets the wish of the people.

This was revealed in a Central Report submitted to the Third Regular Plenary

of the CC of the WPE by our revolutionary leader, Comrade Mengistu HaileMariam.

Comrade General Secretary stressed that the preparation of the constitution demands the active and broad participation of the working people whose direct and

democratic involvement in the task was not only necessary but also the result

of their struggle. The constitution will specify the political, economic and

social rights and obligations of citizens, the structure of the PDRE, the

establishment and working of executive and administrative organs, the judicial

process and general regulations.

The drafting of the constitution will be a culmination of years of struggle

aimed at placing political power in the hands of the working people. As was

reiterated by Comrade Mengistu, the involvement of the working people in the

establishment and working of the PDRE is a measure of its trust in the republic

to be established.

In his Central Report, the Revolutibnary Leader also reviewed the accomplishments

of the WPE during the past year and outlined the priority tasks to be performed

during 1985-86. Describing the WPE's general performance satisfactory, Comrade

Mengistu said the indefatigable efforts put in by the Party in the sphere of

the relief and rehabilitation drive is worthy of special praise. Comrade General Secretary said that the various activities undertaken to cope with the

drought problem and asist those affected by it clearly indicate the leadership

ability of the Party in coordinating the manpower and material resources of the

country. The Revolutionary Leader also noted that the response of the international community to the appeal made for help had been overwhelming and the

humanitarian assistance made available in the form of food, medicine, clothing,

transportation and other essential items on a priority basis, which were instrumental In saving the lives of several millions of our citizens, will not be forgotten.

40
Indeed, the Workers Party of Ethiopia is to be congratulated for having

mobilized all available resources in time to reach millions of drought affected citizens. It was learnt that 7.5 million compatriots have benefited

from relief assistance on temporary basis at relief shelters from October last

year to July this year. Besides, two million children are being cared for by

the government and humanitarian agencies at various feeding centres. The

promptness and efficiency with which the WPE handled the drought problem during the course of the year attests ot its laudable leadership role

The indispensability of Party leadership has been reiterated time and again

in the course of the progress of the Revolution. In the words of Comrade

Mengistu Haile-Mariam, one of the most crucial questions of the popular revolution, for which immense sacrifices had been paid in the past years of struggle,

was that of party formation. It has been a wearisome and pressing task for

Ethiopian revolutionaries as to when, how and what kind of party should be

established in a country where feudalism had lingered on for long, where the

political culture of the bourgeoisie was in its infancy and in a society where

the political participation of the working people was forbidden.

Viewed in this light, the WPE bears special responsibility in providing leadership that would bring about the transformation of our country through socialist

construction. The Party has a historic mission of laying the structure of the

People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia wherein the entire working people

would attain genuine freedom, equality and social justice.

Judging from the praise worthy achievements scored by the VPE since its establishment, there is every reason to believe that still greater achievements will

be registered in the years ahead. The Party's plan for 1985-86 gives priority

to the various tasks which will enable it to withstand effectively the

disastrous effects of the drought and make the country become self-sufficient

in food. A domestic trade policy has also been formulated to become effective

next year within the framework of the Ten-year Perspective Plan. Besides, increasing importance has been attached to the formulation of an effective

housing policy to ameliorate the problem of housing shortage. The Workers

Party of Ethiopia has proved in action that it is indeed the vanguard political

organization providing effective leadership to the struggle of the Ethiopian

masses to build a progressive social order. And the masses are rallied around

the WPE.

CSO: 3400/1131

41
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

ETHIOPIA

STATE, PUBLIC SECURITY MINISTRY SEMINAR REPORTED

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 3 Sep 85 pp 1, 2

[Text] The eleven day seminar at the Ministry of State and Public Security,

organized to enhance the professional competence of members and to deliberate

on timely issues, wound up Saturday.

The seminar was closed with an address by Comrade Tesfaye Wolde-Selassie, Alternate member of the Political Bureau of the CC of the WPE and Minister of State

and Public Security, who underlined the importance of efficiency, coordination

and cooperation in ensuring success in this particular calling.

This, he said, has been achieved due to the sacrifices paid by the members of

the Ministry with the collaboration of other revolutionary forces. He said

that the efforts made during the past 11 years must be further strengthened.

Comrade Tesfaye noted that the seminar was timely in that it would prepare

members to fully discharge the responsibilities awaiting them and also help the

participants to chart future action programmes.

The Minister pointed out that 'the briefings given in the course of the seminar

by comrades from pertinent government and mass organizations and the exchange

of views made have focused on the objective reality in the country and provided

participants with the opportunity of assessing the progress of the revolution.

The seminar also brought into the limelight the bitter struggle waged by the

Revolutionary Army and other progressive forces which exposed the bankruptcy

of the anti-people bandits.

The importance of the seminar would be more fully appreciated when the information and experience just acquired by the participants is conveyed to colleagues

in the field and translated into deeds, Comrade Tesfaye noted.

Comrade Mogus Habte-Mariam, Vice Minister of the Ministry of State and Public

Security, spoke earlier on the performance of the Ministry and in facilitating

the work of employees through organizing seminars every year to enable them

to tackle problems and constraints and to chart future plan of action based on

past experiences.

42
Among the immediate major tasks awaiting the nation is establishing the

People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Comrade Mogus noted. He said in

this regard that the participants should be at the forefront in the struggle

towards attaining this goal.

The participants later reaffirmed their commitment to translate into deeds the

policy and programme of the Party and the Revolutionary Government, to pay

every sacrifice for the formation of the PDRE and to further promote their

participation in the rehabilitation drive and the defence of the nation's

unity and territorial integrity.

CSO: 3400/1131

43
JPRS-SSA485-0 9 4

3 October 1985

ETHIOPIA

DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TECHNOLOGY DISCUSSED

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 3 Sep 85 pp 2,3

[Article by Melese Telahoun]

[Text] The development of rural technology in Ethiopia is still at its embryonic stage. The implementation of the rural lands proclamation and the subsequent organization of peasants into associations has created conditions conducive to the expansion of science and technology in the rural areas. Still, our

technological capabilities have not yet been developed and more remains to be

done to introduce scientific management.

The development of technology should etmbrace all fields which go hand in hand

with agricultural growth. In order to raise the productivity of the rural

areas and develop technological capability the development and expansion of

rural technology is imperative. In full realization of this, the Ministry of

Agriculture has focussed its attention on this area of activity. The development of technology should not be considered from the angle of socio-economic

growth alone. If it is abused or not put to proper use, it can be detrimental to socio-economic development.

According to information obtained from the Rural Technology Development and

Promotion Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, strong measures are being

taken with a view to accelerating the development of rural technology. Accordingly, three rural technology promotion centres have already been established in various agricultural development zones of the country. The centres

are located in Assela, Wolayita-Sodo, and Bako in Arssi, Sidamo, and Shoa regions respectively. More of such centres will be established in the coming

years.

The purpose of the Rural Technology Development and Promotion Department is,

among other things, to introduce agricultural equipment and facilitate their

distribution, Improve technological products in line with the conditions obtaining in the country, assist in the establishment of rural industries in

peasants producers' co-operatives that will enhance agricultural development

and take the necessary steps to develop sources of energy. The department

also seeks to develop fuel technology in the rural areas in order to find a

substitute for fire-wood and preserve the nation's forest resources.

44
The objective of Rural Technological Development and Promotion Department has

been clearly spelt out in the Ten-year Perspective Plan. "Select, utilize,

develop technological producers which are appropriate for the objective conditions of the country." To materialize its objectives the department consolidates various technologies which are applicable for over-all rural development. These include technologies of agricultural production equipment, industrial equipment, energy, rural transport equipment and social services equipment. Only a few of these are treated in this article.

The Ethiopian peasant has, for centuries on end, been using backward and

limited agricultural equipment. Until such time that these are replaced by

modern equipment, it is necessary to provide the peasants with improved

equipment that will help raise their productivity and promote their efficiency.

Measures will be taken to develop and distribute such equipment.

Transport Technology

Now for a brief look at rural transport. As indicated in some studies, in the

highlands of the country alone, 260 million tons of goods are transported every

year by people and draught animals. This shows the great role played by human

and animal transport in the country's transport sector. In order to alleviate

this problem and improve conditions, efforts will be made by the Rural Technology Development and Promotion Department to develop and expand rural transport technology which seeks to make animal-drawn transport vehicles.

The functions of the rural technology promotion centres constitute the expansion of rural technology and rural industries, improvement and innovation of

development equipment, providing the necessary technical assistance towards the

establishment of handicraft centres, the introduction to and usage by the peasants of storage technology and improvement of household utensils, furniture,

etc.

A lot of equipment has been made in the rural technology centres. At the Arssi

Rural Technology Promotion Centre, donkey-drawn water carts have been made out

of metal to gradually replace similar wooden carts which are less durable. Oxdrawn harrows are being produced on a much larger scale. Improved metal forge

is also being produced and distributed to peasants. A wooden cart, also horsedrawn, has been made and is in the experimental stage before it is put to wide

practical use.

Presently, irrigation schemes are well under way in the country to overcome

drought-borne problems. As a joint venture by the Rural Technology Department

and Irrigation Development Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, various

animal-drawn irrigation equipment (machines) have already been made. Some of

these are: float leveller, A frame ridger, U leveller, V ditcher and scraper,

These machines are made out of locally available wood and scrap metal. Some of

these machines are being experimented upon by some producers' co-operatives in

Arssi and Harar regions.

The cultivation of rice in Ethiopia is a recent phenomenon and yet it is gradually becoming a common agricultural practice. At present, extensive research

45
on rice cultivation in the country is being carried out. At the Bako Rural

Technology Promotion Centre, three rice-threshing machines have been made.

One of these is a motor operated and the other two are operated by handpedals. These machines have already been put to full practical use. Maizeplanter, corn-sheller, modern bee-hives and potato-milling machines are among

the machines made at the Bako Centre. The potato-milling machine has undergone experiments and.was, according to a report by the Rural Technology

Development, found to be very effective. Recommendations have been made to

the effect that if such machines are produced on a larger scale and distributed to peasants, the outcome will be highly advantageous. All these

efforts made towards the development of rural technology will no doubt lay

the groundwork and ultimately lead to advanced technology. It is indeed a

very encouraging start.

CSO: 3400/1131

46
jpRS-SSA.85i0

9 4

3 October 1985

ETHIOPIA

ANIMAL FODDER DEVELOPMENT PROJECT SUCCESSFUL

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 3 Sep 85 p 4

[Text] AWASSA (ENA)--The animal fodder development project being carried out

jointly by the Southern Agricultural Development Agency and the International

Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA) on over eight hectares of land in the

victinity of Sodo town in Wolaita province of Sidamo region is showing satisfactory results.

This was revealed by workers of the project during recent tour of inspection

of the area by members of the WPE committee of Wolaita province, the head and

experts of the Souther Zonal Agricultural Development Agency and ILCA officials

as well as representatives of service and producers cooperatives in Wolaita and

Sidama provinces and chairmen of peasants associations of Sodo Zuria district.

Research at the fodder development centre showed that the result was of great

values for animal breeding as well as for milk and meat production.

During the tour of inspection, Cormade Tesfaye Telila, Head of Ideological Affairs of the WPE Committee for Wolaita province, said that the expansion of

grazing lands was of paramount importance to the pastoralists, adding that the

results attained so far as encouraging.

Comrade Dr. Abakano Kereyu, Head of the Southern Agricultural Development

Agency, said that to promote animal husbandry and modern animal feeding system

fodder development was decisive and urged the peasant representatives to share

the knowledge they had gained during the tour with their fellow farmers.

Two senior representatives of ILCA on their part stressed the importance of the

development of fodder based on research, to fully take advantage of animal resources.

CSO: 3400/1131

47
JPRS-SSA-85"0

9 4

3 October 1985

ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

YOUTH BUILD ROADS--Harar (ENA)--Members of the Revolutionary Ethiopia Youth

Association (REYA), built a 69 kilometre long feeder road and four bridges,

through a work campaign they launched this year. In the campaign, conducted

in different urban areas, the youth are resported to have performed development activities worth 15,917 birr, according to the Harar-Zuria provincial

REYA committee office. A total of 229,039 adults were freed from the bondage

of illiteracy, through the literacy campaign conducted during the 10th, llth,

12 and 13th rounds. Meanwhile, in Gondar over 2,234,099 various tree seedlings

were planted recently on a 219-hectare of barren land. In a similar work campaign, over 793 kilometres of terrace and 8 km new road were built while over

five kilometres of an old road was repaired in the locality of Gondar town.

[Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 30 Aug 85 p 5]

WOLLO PEOPLE'S MILITIA--Dessie (ENA)--Prizes and certificates were presented

over the weekend to members of the people's militia on completion of a sixmonth course in political orientation and military science at the militia training centre in Wollo. The prizes and certificates to the graduating batch were

handed out by Comrade Girma Neway, member of the CC of the WPE and First Secretary of the WPE Committee for Wollo region, Comrade Shimelis Alemu, member of

the CC of the WPE and Chief Administrator of the region, also presented prizes

to government agencies and mass organizations in the region and individuals who

contributed greatly to the success of the training programme. Comrade Girma

spoke of the significance of the course and urged the graduates to live up to

expectations. Comrade Lt. Col. Gebre-Ghirogis Berhanu, Alternate member of the

CC of the WPE and the regional military commissar, spoke earlier on the courses

offered at the training centre. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in

English 27 Sep 85 p 3]

IMPROVED FREIGHT MOVEMENT--A meeting aimed at familiarizing organizations engaged in freight transport with the improved freight movement system devised by

the National Transport Corporation was held at the corporations central control

assembly hall yesterday. It is believed that the new system will enhance speed

and efficiency as well as bring about better results in the area of productivity. The relay system to be introduced under the new system is to be effected

on the Addis Ababa-Assab route and will, when fully put into service, increase

the service capacity of every freight transport vehicle three-fold, according

to the corporation. The corporation noted, moreover, that under the relay

system the round trip Assab-Addis Ababa run will be covered within 48 hours

48
JPRS-SSA-85-0 9 4

3 October 1985

by four drivers. Comrade Assegid Wolde-Amanuel, Vice Minister in the Ministry

of Transport and Communications, Comrade Negash Tekle-Mariam, general manager

of the corporation, and Comrade Bahre Geses, head of the corporation's planning

and technical department, addressed the meeting on the working and significance of the relay system. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in

English 30 Aug 85 p 6]

WOREILU PEASANTS' CAMPAIGN--Dessie (ENA)--Members of 82 peasants' associations in Woreilu province of Wollo region collected 363 quintals of seed

grain and cultivated 292 hectares of land during a recent work campaign organized to help drought victims, being rehabilitated in the area, become selfsupporting and productive citizens. The collection of seed grains and cultivation was co-ordinated by the provincial WPE committee office and the provincial

peasants association. Agricultural workers, representatives of government

agencies and mass organizations in the province took part in the development

undertaking side by side with over 3,200 peasant farmers using 2,064 plough

oxen. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 30 Aug 85 p 6]

PEASANTS PRODUCERS' CO-OPS--Ambo (ENA)-Peasants producers' co-operatives in

Bako Tibe district of Jibat-Mecha province, Shoa region, have distributed 187

plough oxen worth 21,105 birr to peasants' associations. The co-operatives

made the donation to help the peasants to withstand the effects of the drought.

Comrade Haile-Mariam Dinka, First Secretary of the district WPE Committee

pointed out that three service co-operatives have actively participated in

the effort to help the peasants affected by the drought. [Text] [Addis Ababa

THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 30 Aug 85 p 6]

ERITREAN PEASANTS' ASSOCIATION--Asmara (ENA)--Member of the Peasants' Association of Eritrea region have vowed to wipe out the secessionist bandits still

lurking in the region by standing alongside the Revolutionary Army. The peasants made the pledge at the end of the fourth regular committee meeting of the

Peasants' Association of Eritrea region which was held at the association's assembly hall Wednesday. The participants also expressed readiness to seek a

lasting solution to the drought problem and pay the necessary sacrifice for the

establishment of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, and for the

building of a strong defence force. They also pledged that they will do their

utmost to effectively implement the programme of the WPE and the Ten-year

Perspective Plan, overcome shortage of food grain and supply the necessary raw

materials for industries. In the course of the meeting, reports on the achievements scored and problems encountered following the third regular meeting of

the association were presented by Comrade Asfaha Abraha, Alternate member of the

CC of the WPE and Chairman of the Peasants' Association of Eritrea region and

other chairmen of the provincial peasants' association. Speaking on the occasion, Comrade Asfaha Abraha told the committee members that they must agitate

peasants to boost agricultural production to develop the agricultural sector of

the economy. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 30 Aug 85

p 5]

TAILORS PRODUCERS' CO-OP--Bahr Dar (ENA)--Members of the tailors' producers'

cooperatives of Adet town, Yilma-Densa district of Bahr Dar province, Gojjam

region, have raised their capital to 137,343 birr through development activities

49
JPRS-SSA-85-0 9 4

3 October 1985

they enthusiastically undertook in the past eight years. The 76-member body

has at present a production centre, an office, a'store and two marketing halls

built at a cost of 24,945 birr. The Adet tailors' producers' cooperatives was

established with 38 members and a capital of 3,952 birr in 1977. [Text]

[Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 29 Aug 85 p 6]

ERITREA TRADE UNION--Asmara--The fourth regular council meeting of the trade

union in Eritrea region was held here Thursday. Comrade Tekae Negassi, alternate member of the CC of the WPE and Chairman of the regional trade union,

presented a report on the activities undertaken by provincial, district and

zonal branch unions in the socio-economic, ideological and organizational

areas during the past year. Discussions were later conducted on ways of

tackling problems and constraints, indentified in the report, on the basis

of past experiences. Council members later came out with a declaration pledging readiness to implement the party policy and programmes and the Politburo

strategy for withstanding the effects of the drought. They also pledged to

intensify the struggle against secessionist bandits attempting to sabotage the

multifaced development campaign under way in the region. Meanwhile in Tigrai

region, the fourth regular council meeting of the regional trade union got

under way in Makele yesterday. Participants will take up reports submitted by

branch unions on performances during the year under review. It was disclosed

at the meeting that there are 73 basic and zonal unions in the region embracing

2,011 members. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD IN English 31 Aug 85

p 1]

HARAR ZURIA SCHOOLS--Harar (ENA)--In line with the priority given to education

by the Workers Party of Ethiopia (WPE) and the Revolutionary Government, more

schools are under construction to accommodate the ever-growing number of students in Alemaya and Kombolcha districts of Harar Zuria province, Hararghe region. Two senior secondary schools were built at a cost of 1.8 million birr.

The fund was secured from the government and from contributions by the inhabitants. The two schools are expected to go into service at the beginning of the

1986-86 Ethiopian academic year. Excluding the two new senior secondary schools

in the two districts there are now two senior secondary and 18 junion secondary

schools in which 41,771 students have been enrolled, according to the provincial educational administration office. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN

HERALD in English 31 Aug 85 pp 1, 3]

SHOA PEASANTS' ASSOCIATION MEET--Sixty three peasants producers' co-operatives

and 13 service co-operatives were established in Shoa region in 1984-85. This

was disclosed by Comrade Belete Gebre Amlak, member of the CC of the WPE and

chairman of the peasants' association of Shoa region, in a progress report he

presented to the fifth regular committee meeting of the regional peasants' association which opened here yesterday. The report said that 73 service and

eleven peasants producers' co-operatives were awarded certificates of legality

for meeting the criteria expected of them, thereby bringing the total number of

service co-operatives in the region to 1081 and that of producers' co-operatives to 245. The peasants of the region were also reported to have delivered

328,758 quintals of various kinds of agricultural products to the agricultural

marketing organization until the end of June this year. Comrade Belete also

noted that the peasants of Shoa region had donated over 200,000 birr and thousands

of quintals of food grain to compatriots affected by the drought. [Text]

[Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 31 Aug 85 p 1]

50
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

REYA ANNIVERSARY--The Revolutionary Ethiopia Youth Association (REYA) will mark

the fifth anniversary of its founding from Sept. 1 to 9. Youth members throughout the country will launch a nine-day work campaign under the slogan "Environmental Sanitation and Primary Health Care" in accordance with the programme

worked out by the Central Committee of REYA. REYA Council sessions will be

held in various districts and provinces of the country and the activities of

the youth during 1984-85 will be assessed. Wide-ranging discussions will

also be held on the plan of action during 1985-86. Exhibitions will be organized to highlight the activities of the youth in various fields, it was reported. Members of the Revolutionary Ethiopia Youth Association in Europe will

also hold meetings to commemorate the occasion. A meeting to assess the overall performance of REYA will be held on Sept. 9 at the Association's headquarters. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 1 Sep 85 pp 1,

6]

TIGARI MILITARY COMMAND MEETING--Makale (ENA)--The participants of the annual

meeting of the WPE primary organization of the Tigrai military command have

expressed determination to pay the necessary sacrifice for the implementation

of the rules and regulations and the programme of the Workers Party of Ethiopia.

They also pledged to fully discharge their share of responsibility in the struggle to build a strong socialist defence force and promote the combat readiness

and political consciousness of the Revolutionary Armed Forces with the view to

safeguarding the party, the revolution and the sovereignty of the motherland

and the security of the broad masses. The participants further promised to

participate actively in the construction progress of the People's Democratic

Republic of Ethiopia. Meanwhile, the fourth general meeting of the REWA chapter

of Tigrai region wound up here recently after assessing the activity it had

undertaken in the past two years and adopting its programme of action for the

coming year. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 1 Sep 85

p 1]

TRIPOLI VISIT 'FRUITFUL'--Comrade Fisshea Desta returned here yesterday after

delivering the message of Comrade Mengistu Haile-Mariam, General-Secretary of

the Central Committee of the WPE, Chairman of the PMAC and Commander-in-Chief

of the Revolutionary Armed Forces, to Libyan leader Brother Muammar Khadafi.

In a statement he gave at the airport, Comrade Fisseha Desta, member of the

Political Bureau and Secretary of the CC of the WPE, said that the discussions

he had held with Libyan officials focussing on the strengthening of the existing bilateral relations and mutual co-operation were fruitful. Comrade Fisseha

also noted that the two countries had exchanged views on the currently prevailing international situation and declared that the two countries had reaffirmed

their anti-imperialist solidarity thereby consolidating their struggle for

security and common growth. Comrade Fisseha also stated that economic, political and other important issues were discussed during the talks held in Tripoli.

On arrival at Bole International Airport, Comrade Fisseha Desta was welcomed

by Comrade Alemu Abebe, member of the Political Bureau of the CC of the WPE

and Chairman of the Central Control Commission. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE

ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 1 Sep 85 p 1]

CHINESE CORN DONATED--The Government of the Republic of China has decided to

donate 10,000 tons of corn in aid to drought-affected compatriots as an expression of sympathy of the Chinese people for the suffering drought victims

51
JPRSMSSA-85-094 3 October 1985

in Ethiopia, according to a report by Xinhua news agency. The report stated

that the Chinese Vice-Premier Comrade Yao Yilin had a cordial conversation at

the great hall of the people in Beijing on August 22 with Comrade Hailu Yimenu,

member of the Political Bureau of the CC of the WPE and Minister of Industry.

The Chinese Vice-Premier and Comrade Hailu talked about expression of friendship and co-operation between China and Ethiopia the report said. The report

further stated that notes on the donation of 10,000 tons of corn in aid of

drought victims were exchanged on August 22 between Comrade Zheng Taubin,

Chinese Minister of Foreign Economic Relations and trade, and Comrade Hailu.

[Excerpt] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 1 Sep 85 p 1]

ARSSI CONTROL COMMITTEE--Assela (ENA)--A day-long meeting was held here over

the weekend to assess the performance of the Arssi region Working People's

Control Committee since its establishment a year ago. Comrade Sileshi Mengesha,

member of the CC of the WPE and First Secretary of the regional WPE Committee,

said after listening to the report that the work done by the regional Working

People's Control Committee in containing corruption and embezzlement was commendable. He assured the Committee of the regional WPE Committee's continued support

and assistance in the discharge of its duty. Comrade Mekonnen Gizaw, Chairman

of the National Working People's Control Committee, spoke of the initaitives

taken to put an end to the embezzlement and misuse of public and government

property and resources. He described as examplary the work of the regional

Working People's Control Committee. It was reported during the meeting that

the regional committee comprises 59 basic control committees and 188 teams deploying a total of 1,922 comrades. The meeting was attended by representatives

of government agencies and mass organizations as well as officials of the regional and basic working people's control committees. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE

ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 3 Sep 85 p 6]

POLISH DONOR ORGANIZATIONS--Polish donor organizations have raised one million

US dollars as a humanitarian gesture to help victims of the current drought in

Ethiopia, accoridng to the Embassy of the Polisy People's Republic here. Quoting the Polish News Agency (PAP) the Embassy said that the fund is part of the

contributions made by the proceeds obtained from the performance of the five

Polish jazz musicians jointly working under the concert "Jazz Musicians for

Ethiopia". The musicians are: Krzystof Romanowski, Bogaden Fabianski, Marek

Sierocki, Mariusz Duma and Waldemar Gromek. The fund raised from the proceeds

of the concert has been handed over to the Polish Ethiopian Friendship Society

which was established in April this year, the report said. [Text] [Addis

Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 4 Sep 85 p 1]

ADDIS RED CROSS--More than 20,000 new members were enrolled this year as a result of the campaign launched by the Addis Ababa Red Cross Society to increase

its members. This was disclosed in a report presented by Comrade Dr. Mekonnen

Muluneh, Chairman of the Addis Ababa branch Red Cross Society, at the annual

board meeting held here yesterday. Comrade Dr. Mekonnen revealed in his report

that 41,666 full-fledged members who have fully paid their membership fees were

registered since the society started its activities under a new structure in

1982. The branch society's chairman further noted that the society had made

clothing and food donations to thousands of compatriots affected by the current

drought and emphasized that the society was most active in humanitarian activities in the current year. Comrade Dr Mekonnen said that the branch society

52
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

besides providing ambulence services was also active in emergency relief operations. The action programme and the budget for the coming year of 1986 was

approved and discussions related to other matters were held during the board

meeting. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 29 Aug 85 p 4]

GAMBELLA PEOPLE'S MILITIA-Gambela (ENA)--People's Militia members numbering

778 and drawn from three rehabilitation centres in Gambella province, Illubabor region, received here Monday certificates and prizes on completion of a

three-month political orientation and military training course. Comrade

Animut Kinde, Chief Administrator of Illubabor region, presided over the

ceremony. Comrade Animut said that it was gratifying to see drought-victims

who were on the verge of death not so long ago benefitting from courses which

would enable them to safeguard the gains of the revolution and to defend the

unity and territorial integrity of the country. Comrade Lt.-Col. Kurabachew

Asamnew, Chairman of the provincial People's Militia Training Co-ordinating

Committee, and Comrade Capt. Melaku Ayalew, Commander of the Training Centre

said that the first batch of graduates was recruited from among the ranks of

drought-victims rehabilitated in the province during the first phase of the

operation. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD.in English 4 Sep 85 p 11

CSO: 3400/1131

53
jpRS-SSA-85"0 9 4

3 October 1985

GHANA

BRIEFS

NEW ENVOYS PRESENT CREDENTIALS--Two new envoys this morning presented their

letters of credence to the acting chairman of the PNDC [Provisional National

Defense Council], Mr Justice D.F. Annan, at a ceremony at the Castle, Osu.

They are the Malaysian high commissioner, G.K.A. Kumaraseri, and the Japanese

ambassador, Kazuaki Arichi. [Excerpt] [Accra Domestic Service in English

1300 GMT 12 Sep 85 AB]

CSO: 3400/1140

54
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

GUINEA BISSAU

OIL EXPLORATION RESUMES FOLLOWING RESOLUTION OF BORDER DISPUTE

Luanda JOURNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 25 Jul 85 p 10

/Text/ Now that litigation concerning the definition of the maritime

frontier with Guinea-Conakry has been resolved, Guinea-Bissau is enabled

to proceed with its oil exploration studies at its offshore platform.

The World Court of The Hague handed down a decision favoring Guinea-Bissau

(without at the same time negatively impacting Guinea-Conakry's area of

maritime sovereignty); exploration contracts with the French oil company,

Elf Aquitaine, who since last year have been working in Guinea, were

thereby ratitied.

What role can oil play in the Guinean economy?

In preparing the 1983-1986 development plan, the Guinean authorities

placed emphasis on oil exploration, which, even though it is still in

the embryonic stage, is already regarded in Guinea-Bissau as a future

favorable determinant of the national economy.

Should Guinea-Bissau's oil discoveries be confirmed as having commercial

potential, the development of this sector could alter the scheme of new

exports in which the country finds itself.

Also, in addition to generating new jobs, it is expected that the oil

industry would not only reduce Guinea-Bissau's dependency on oil imports,

but also have a favorable impact on the balance of payments, considered

at this time to be highly unfavorable, and on the payment of external debts.

estimated at $50 million.

Comparatively speaking, the emphasis on petroleum has a detrimental effect

on phosphate exploration, since, according to experts, there do not exist

at the moment any encouraging data regarding this natural resource, a fact

which contradicts the early forecasts that the process of extraction/

processing exporting would proceed rapidly. The phosphate situation is

also based upon the lack of technical expertise, as well as the relatively

low level of investment, in general, in the Guinea-Bissau extraction

operation.

55
For this reason, the Guinean Government, together with cooperative partners,

other private entities in Europe, and financial institutions, has sought

for projects in the mineral extraction industries, which, in the short

term, could prove to be viable in the international market and profitable

for the economy, such as is the case with phosphates.

The case for oil exploration is quite different. Since the costs of the

exploration activities required for this product are generally borne by

the companies who carry out the exploration, and since Guinea-Bissau has

little tradition or experience in this sector, the involvement of the

state arises only at the stage of allocating the benefits and profits

that result from the exploration/export of the oil in the long term; the

state's presence is not in the work of exploration, itself, but in the

support of the embryonic oil industry.

With all the signs of becoming a potential base for economic development,

the oil industry promises to have a positive impact on other sectors of

the Guinean economy, such as transportation, which would benefit most

directly, on business, on agriculture, etc., all of which would experience

growth as a result.

12857

CSO: 3442/389

56
JPRS-SSA-85-0 9 4

3 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

SOUTH AFRICAN PLANS AID TO REFUGEES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 Aug 85 p 20

fext Thousands of Mozambican refugees in South Africa could soon be receiving

food and medical aid from private sources if an aid plan by a Johannesburg

business consultant gets official approval.

The consultant, Mr. A. van Wyk, said that he had been shocked by the weekend

reports that tens of thousands of Mozambicans are fleeing across the border to

escape the war and hunger in Mozambique.

Mr. van Wyk, who has had several business trips to Mozambique since the Nkomati

Accord, said the Mozambican authorities would not accept any moves to give the

Mozambicans permanent refugee status in South Africa.

"However I was told this week that they would agree to any temporary programme

to help these people," he said.

He had also sent a telex to the South African Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs

asking for clarification regarding the status of the Mozambicans.

"I feel that the private sector could ensure that the refugees receive food,

clothes and medical help," he said.

"It all depends on their status here."

At the weekend a spokesman for the Catholic Bishops' Conference said the South

African Government did not regard the Mozambicans as refugees.

The Minister of Foreign Affairs had told the conference that the Mozambicans

were illegal immigrants, and would therefore be repatriated back to Mozambique.

The Catholic Bishops' Conference estimates that 60,000 Mozambicans have fled

to the Republic's border areas.

Last week a spokesman for the South African Defence Force confirmed that army

units had been sent to the border area to help stop the influx of "illegal

immigrants."

The Mozambican authorities had been advised of the move, the spokesman added.

CSOL 3400/1103

57
JPRS-SSA-85-0 94

3 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

EMERGENCY PROGRAM IN SOUTH AFRICA TO FEED REFUGEES

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 7 Sep 85 p 5

fext The presence of an estimated 50,000 illegal Mozambican immigrants in

Ganzankulu has forced the homelands' government and the South African Department of Development Aid to embark on an emergency aid programme to feed them.

A spokesman for the Department of Development Aid told The Citizen yesterday

afternoon that the Gazankulu Government, together with the Department, have

embarked on the emergency aid programme on "humanatarian grounds."

According to earlier reports, an estimated 50,000 refugees or illegal immigrants

from Mozambique were presently in Gazankulu, and about the same number in KaNgwane.

The first consignment in the form of 5,000 pockets of potatoes and 800 bags of

milk powder will be sent to Gazankulu this weekend.

"The consignment is due to arrive in Giyani, Gazankulu. on Sunday, September 8,"

he said.

On Monday, the spokesman said, the food will be transported from the agricultural

showgrounds in Giyani to the various distribution points in the homeland.

Last month, the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Louis Nel, said the

problem of the Mozambican illegal immigrants was very serious, particularly

from a health aspect, and talks between'the two governments over the illegals

has resulted in a possible solution.

South Africa has helped fund refugee camps set up on the Mozambican side of the

border between the countries, but most of the illegal immigrants try to make it

to Gazankulu or Ka-Ngwane where there is less chance of deportation, it was said.

OSO:, 31k00/lo3

58
JPRS-SSA-85-0 94

3 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

COMMENTARY DESCRIBES ROLE OF ARMED FORCES

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Aug 85 p 2

[Text] Our Armed Forces have the task of guaranteeing the defense of the national independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity. They have the task of

defending and executing the political and ideological principles which govern

our society and our state, of which they are an integral part.

In defending independence, our Armed Forces are defending the revolution;

because, as an armed branch of the people, they are defending the people's

power; and because, as an instrument of the-people's power, they are defending

the state of workers and peasants proclaimed 10 years ago with national independence, because they are defending socialism and non-alignment.

Our Armed Forces are a new production in constant, renewed creation, conceived

essentially for the maintenance of merely defensive purposes and never for

offensive purposes of external aggression.

Our Armed Forces are a production which, created with national independence,

emerged from the Popular Forces for the Liberation of Mozambique (FPLM), whose

armed combatants liquidated colonialism and restored liberty, dignity and

respect to their people.

From an army of guerrilla fighters, entrenched among its people, it became a

regular army, which inflicted shameful defeats upon the Rhodesian attacking

army. From an army of guerrilla fighters, a regular army came into existence,

capable of defending the national independence with the increasing use of

modern, sophisticated weapons; for example, the combat aircraft and helicopters,

tanks, armed cars, and missile and rocket-launching artillery. Thus, a complex,

gigantic, military machine came into existence.

Where our Armed Forces are concerned there was no attempt to make reforms, or

to convert for our interest anyýmilitary structures which the colonialists had

left behindwhen they were expelled from our country. Our Armed Forces are our

production, ours entirely. They are a product of national independence. It

is for this reason that our soldiers, our petty officers and our officers are

also the product which we have to create.

59
Our Armed Forces must be an example of organization, of technical and professional training, of discipline, of dynamism, and of aggressiveness. They must be

an example of respect and comradeship among men. They must be an example of

how, through practice, social, cultural and religious differences can be

eliminated. They must be an example of how triablism, racism and regionalism

are destroyed in every company and every platoon.

In particular, our Armed Forces must be an increasingly encouraging and

fortifying example of. the fact that the fatherland belongs to everyone, and

must be defended by everyone. There are no distinctions nor divisions, nor

can there ever be any. There is an absolute repudiation of what might be

known as "affairs of the military," and "matters for civilians."

We realize that, from the standpoint of the Armed Forces' creation, our knowledge has limitations. Our scientific and technical capacity has limitations.

The conditions which those limitations have imposed and still impose have led

to making mistakes and failures. This is the negative side.

But the experience has had its positive side, which has made it possible to

face the future with optimism, completely discrediting the defeatist, pessimistic spirit. In this way, colonialism was eliminated; in this.way, Smith's army

was defeated. With that experience, we have observed that a vast, deepseated

effort with our Armed Forces has become imperative; because they, our Armed

Forces, are not a finished, perfect, production. They are a new production,

a production in the course of creation.

This is a process that is being started throughout the entire country. It

involves activity in which qualified cadres are engaged, for the purpose of

improving the organization, administration, logistics, and technical and

professional training of our Armed Forces, among other things.

Today, the threatened fatherland is a victim of external aggression, of an

undeclared war prompted by foreign forces, with the criminal use of armed

bandits; that new phenomenon of mercenaries and recolonizing and neocolonizing

methods.

Today, the threatened fatherland calls upon us; it calls upon all citizens.

Today, our Armed Forces, the instrument of our fatherland's defense, the

defense of our power, are the guarantee of victory over the enemies of our

independence and our freedom.

The process of organizing our Armed:Forces to qualitatively enhance their

capacity to respond to the fatherland's enemies does not relate only to the

Armed Forces. It far exceeds the barriers imposed by compartmentalism and

sectorialism. It involves economic and social activities, because it affects

the lives and daily concerns of every citizen who desires peace, progress and

happiness.

2909

CSO: 3442/410

60
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

MOMANBIUE

MILITARY DUTY STRESSED IN MEETINGS BETWEEN LEADERS, WORKERS

Mobilization Campaign Launched

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Aug 85 p 1

[Text] Some 11 meetings were held yesterday in large companies and offices in

the nation's capital, launching a mobilization and education campaign to foster

love of country and patriotism in all its citizens and, particularly, to

encourage greater engagement in the fight against the armed bandits,.

The meetings wee led by members of the Political Bureau of the FRELIMO Party

Central Committee, the Permanent Commission of the People's Assembly and the

Council of Ministers.

The campaign is in response to the FRELIMO Party Central Committee's directive

to give highest priority to national defense.

In his address of 11 May, on the occasion of the end of Youth Week and as part of the celebration of the 10th anniversary of national independence, President

Samora Machel declared that the country is threatened and all of us have a patriotic duty to defend its independence and the revolution.

The meetings, which will continue today and for the next week, are the first

step in tberecruitment of citizens to strengthen the FPLM [Mozambican Armed

Forces].

Gen Sebastiao Mabote, chief of general staff of the FPLM, was at the cashew

nut processing plant in Machava, while Jacinto Veloso, minister of economic

affairs in the presidency, led the meeting at the LAM [Mozambique Air Lines]

and Finance Minister Rui Baltazar was at EMOSE [Mozambican Insurance Company].

Education Minister Graca Machel led the meeting with civil servants in agencies

under her ministry, Health Minister Pascoal Mocumbi was atthe Mabor de MoeanAbique company and Julio Carrilho, minister of public works and housing, directed

the meeting at the Cimentos de Mocambique company.

The meeting at TEXLOM was attended by Abdul Magid, minister of mineral resources,

and the meeting at the Agriculture Ministry was directed by its minister, Joao

Ferreira. Maj Gideon Ndobe, secretary of national defense, led the meeting

at Vidreira de Mocambique [Mozambique Glass Company].

61
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

One of the key topics at these meetings was enlistment in the Armed Forces of

Mozambique. As a noble act and a patriotic duty, enlistment will strengthen

our defense capability. It is particularly important to recruit the best and

most qualified cadres to improve the quality of the several military branches--

Army, Navy and Air Force--in which each individual can learn a special skill,

not only for the performance of his military service but as a guarantee of his

professional future.

The duty and obligation to defend the country must be assumed by everyone.

This is the only way the Armed Forces can improve their combat readiness,

enabling them to liquidate the armed bandits who are committing murder and

seriously damaging the nation's economy.

Careful attention must be given to the recruitment of citizens for the Armed

Forees, to avoid the mistakes and abuses observed in the past. An organizing

effort is underway to determine the military status of all citizens up to 30

years of age.

In all the meetings, emphasis was placed on the need to avoid drafting citizens

arbitrarily and to prevent attempts to evade compulsory military service

through subterfuges and technicalities.

In the draft to be conducted to strengthen the capacity of the Armed Forces,

students will not be called up until the end of the school year. Citizens who

were married before 1 January 1985 and those who are over 30 will not be called,

unless they have received specialized training.

Those who are called up will attend military training courses, which will begin

in September and October 1985 in completely remodeled training centers. Civil

construction work, as well as the installation of other support infrastructures,

is underway at these centers.

During the courses, every effort will be made to insure the high quality of

the military training, including matters of logistics, as well as nutrition

and military attire.

Not only the training centers but all sectors of the Armed Forces will benefit

from this effort.

The current draft will also permit the demobilization of many young men who

have been serving in the Armed Forces for 5 to 7 years.

Military Situation Explained

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Aug 85 p 2

[Text] Meetings were held yesterday Invarious production sectors in the nation's

capital, to explain the upcoming campaign to recruit and enlist citizens for

the defense of the country.

High party and government officials led the meetings with the workers, who listened attentively to the explanation of military developments and the economic

situation--the latter, incidentally, a consequence of the war.

62
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

The meetings focused.on the explanation of the origins and nature of the war

imposed on the country, the role of, foreign countries in the direction of that

war and, finallyA the political ignorance of the armed bandits who carry out

the orders of their ringleaders. As noted in the meetings, this is one of those

wars without political objectives. The ones who are waging it do not know what

they are fighting for,, against whom they are fighting or whom they are defending.

Yesterday's meetings took place in the following locations: [the companies]

EMOSE, LAM, Soveste, Mabor, MAQUINAG , Vidreira, TEXLOM and Cimentos, the

Education Ministry and the Ministry of Agriculture.

Mabote on Historical Background

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Aug 85 p 2

[Report on address by Gen Sebastiao Mabote, chief of general staff of the Mozambican Armed Forces, at the Machava Cashew Company, in Maputo on 33 August 1985]

[Text] The justice of the goals defended in the constutution of

the People's Republic of Mozambique [RPM], the strategic location

of this country in the world, particularly in southern Africa,

and the nation's abundant wealth are the primary reasons for the

aggression of which we are the victim, Gen Sebastiao Mabote,

chief of general staff of the FPLM, declared yesterday during a

meeting with workers at Caju de Machava [Machave Cashew Company]..

The meeting was part of the campaign initiated in Maputo to explain

the war situation and the need for everyone to take part in the

defense of our country.

The meeting was attended by several party and government officials in the city

of Maputo, company director Alfredo Gamito and Aurelio Manhica, secretary of

the defense committee of the city of Maputo,. Sebastiao Mabote began with a

brief history of the origin and development of the armed struggle [for national

liberation] and particularly noted the goals of that struggle.

He spoke about the emergence of the People's Republic of Mozambique and the

nationalizations which followed, the purpose of which was to return to the people

what belonged to them, but which had been used to exploit them.

"To understand the state of war in which we find ourselves, we must first understand how Mozambique emerged as a country. The war which we had to wage then

was initiated precisely to recover what belonged to us," the Armed Forces chief

of staff said at one point.

Noting that the justice of the goals defended in the constitution of the RPM

was one of the reasons for the aggression against us now, Mabote also pointed

to Mozambique's immense wealth, as well as the country's strategic location,

as factors contributing to the conspiracy against us.

"The old landlords of the buildings, the former factory owners, those who once

used Mozambique's ports, are now directing the actions of the armed bandits'

froim abroad, in a futile attempt to recover everything they, have lost," added

63
JPRS-SSA-85-09 4

3 October 1985

this member of the Political Bureau of the FRELIMO Party Central Committee,

explaining the objectives and the origins of the armed banditry in our country.

Explaining the nature of the war waged against us, the official said it was

not in any way a civil war. He added that its only purpose was to sabotage

our development plans,. "It is directed by foreigners who lost 'their' wealth

in Mozambique," he said.

Mabote described the armed bandits (who carry out the orders of their bosses)

as political illiterates who do not know what they want. They do not know whom

they are defending. They only carry out the orders to kill, plunder and destroy

the economic infrastructures for the development programs.

"What kind of war is this, waged against defenseless peple, aimed at robbing

the people's property?" asked the FPLM chief of staff,.

Consequences

Factually illustrating the situation created by the war, which has already entered

its 21st year, the official noted that our exports, which had reached satisfactory

levels in 1982, had been declining ever since then.

He also referred to the difficulties in transporting the coal from the production

zones. He explained that in 1981 we were exporting cotton and this year we

are forced to import this important commodity.

He:added that these facts demonstrate the relationship between the war and the

economy. In this regard, the chief of staff noted that production in all the

ecaide sectors is affected by the state of war in the country.

The official mentioned another aspect: speculation. He noted that there are

always opportunists who take advantage of war time to make a killing.

Duty to Defend Country

Recalling the address bythe president of the republic on 11 May, when he announced

that the nation was threatenedand that all citizens were called to its defense,

General Mobote said every citizen had an obligation to defend the country.

Heexplained that, in response to the president's announcement, steps are being

taken to call out the citizens.

Graca Machel Urges Citizen Participation

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Aug 85 p 2

[Report on address by Education Minister Graca Machel to employees of her ministry, in Maputo on 23 August 1985]

[Text] Late yesterday afternoon in Maputo, Education Minister

Graca Machel led a meeting of all the employees of her ministry,

responding to the decisions of the party's highest leader

regarding the call [to defend] the country.

64
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

Held in the facilities of the Education Ministry, the meeting was one of several

conducted in various companies and neighborhoods in the city of Maputo, to

foster patriotic awareness in every citizen , particularly through engagement

in the tasks of national defense and energetic opposition to armed banditry.

The education minister discussed the economic situation in southern Africa,

an area whose wealth is coveted by the imperialist powers,. She referred more

specifically to the situation in the RPM. "Our zone Is important historically,

and the great imperialist poms covet our wealth," she said.

Grace Machel further explainedtbe reasons for the imperialist aggression against

out country. "Our independence is a threat to imperialist interests,. This

is why, soon after the proclamation of our national independence, agents trained

and financed from abroad began to appear, threatening the sovereignty of the

RPM," declared theeducation minister.

Graca Machel recounted the reasons for the attacks against our country by the

Rhodesian forces of Ian Smith. "With our independence, Zimbabwe gathered more

strength in the struggle for its own independence. This is why the imperialists attack us; they want to overthrow the popular governments installed in southern

Africa, because the latter constitute a threat to their interests," Grace Machel

declared.

"The imperialists arm, train, finance and send the armed bandits to infiltrate

our country, to descredit the popular government installed in the People's Republic of Mozambique and to have it believed that this is a civil war, waged against the socialism• hich the country is seeking to build," Graca Machel stressed..

The Education minister added that our country would always be the target of

subversion and destabilization attempts by the imperialists,.

"Every citizen must have a specific task in the defense of the country, which

is under threat," said Graca Machel.

Rui Baltazar on Economy

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Aug 85 p 2

[Report on address by Finance Minister Rui Baltazar to EMOSE (Mozambican

Insurance Company) workers on 23 August 1985]

[Text] Finance Minister Rui Baltazar said yesterday in Maputo

that, without peace, there can be no harmonious economic development. For this reason, he said, it is the duty of every citizen

to take responsibility for the honorable mission of defending the

country. Baltazar was speaking to more than 350 employees of theMozambican Insuzance Company (EMOSE), in a meeting led by the minister as part of the education campaign on the need to respond to

the nation's call.

The minister began by recounting the economic situation in our country from

the conquest of national independence to the present. He noted that 1981 was

Mozambique's best year, economically, sine independence.

65
JPRS'SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

"After that year, the imperialists' destabilizing activity, using the armed bands,

has been directly responsible for the deterioration of our economy," Balazar

explained.

As noted at the meeting, the attacks against economic targets intensified in

1981, aimed at impeding our economic development, which was beginning to take

off in that year.

Baltazar said that in view of this situation created by the imperialist forces,

our country must give priority now to the struggle against the armed bandits,

"because we cannot be productive as long as we have the armed hands."

He reminded the audience of the addrea by the Mozambican chief of state at the

end of Youth Week, calling on the people to defend the nation.

He said the conditions are being created for the organized recruitment of each

citizen for enlistment in the FPLM.

"The task of national defense has priority everywhere in the world," the finance

minister explained.

Agriculture Minister on Defense

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Aug 85 p 2

[Text] Agriculture Minister Joao Ferreira led a meeting yesterday morning in

his ministry, to explain the importance of the-participation of every citizen

in the defense of the country, in compliance with the measures announQed by

our government regarding the need for voluntary engagement on the battle front

against the armed bandits.

About 500 employees of various ministerial departments participated in the

meeting, which was also attended by Francisco Pateguana, vice minister of agriculture.

Addressing the meeting, the agriculture minister spoke of the political situation

in the country, requiring everyone to take part in the struggle againatthe gangsters who daily kill and rob our people.

During the mee[ting, workers residing in areas where the armed bandits are most

active told about the criminal acts which they had personally witnessed or of

which they had been the victims.

Their testimony moved the other participants, who voiced their determination

to fight until the armed bandits were defeated once and for all,.

Employees of the Agriculture Ministry suffer most from the bandits' actions

because, in most cases, their work takes them into the countryside, where

bandit activity is more intense.

66
JPRS-SSAM85.0 9 4

Ndobe on Foreign Involvement 3 October 1985

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Aug 85 p 2

[Report of address by Gideon Ndobe, secretary of state for national defense,

to employees of the Mozambican Glass factory in Maputo on 23 August 1985]

[Text] Gideon Ndobe, secretary of state for national defense, accused foreign

powers of financing the armed bandits.. Ndobe wms speaking at a popular meeting in the Fabrica Vidreira de Mocambique (Mozambique Glass Factory, in the industrial zone of Machava, on the outskirts of the capital..

The secretary declared that the former colonists who had economic interests

in Mozambiqueand who wanted to recover those interests were financing the bandits He lamented that the spokesmen for the armed bands operated with

impunity in Portugal,, a country which, according to Ndobe, is in an excellent

position to maintain economic and cultural relations with Mozambique.

"The colonists we are speaking of are accustomed to living by blood and death,"

Ndobe said, in a clear allusion to former members of the Portuguese political police, the PIDE/DGS [Police for the Control of Foreigners and State Defense.

General Directorate for Security], and to the special groups of the colonial

army.

Maj Gidem Ndobe also accused sawe Mozambican youths of failing to take action

against the bandits. He said the bands were "formed to attempt to prove that

the Mozambicans don't know how to govern themselves.."

Veloso: Peace Necessary for Development

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Aug 85 p 2

[Report on address by Maj Gen Jacinto Veloso, minister for economic affairs

in the presidency, to civil aviation workers in Maputo on 23 August 1985]

[Text] Maj Gen Jacinto Veloso, minister for economic affairs in the presidency, said yesterday in Maputo that every effort must be made to defend the country,

so that we can develop in peace, as we all wish. Veloso was meeting with

employees of the various civil aviation companies in the capital, as part of

the campaign to educate citizens on the imperative need to defend the country,

which is under imperialist attack.

Angelo Azarias Chichava, secretary of state for civil aeronautics, and members

of the party and government at various levels attended the meeting.

Jacinto Veloso began by recalling that the education campaign was the result

of President Samora Machel's call to the country, patticularly to the nation's

youth, last May in the nation's capitalat the end of Youth Week.

Veloso announced some of the measures that will be taken to recruit citizens,

noting that the first phase will cover citizens up to 30 years of age, except

in special cases.

67
Veloso made it clear that all deserters, as well as all those who attempt to

subvert the purpose of the campaign, will be subjected to exemplary punishment.

"We are going to punish any arbitrary methods employed in the recruitment process. We are determining how the process will be conducted in the services

and the schools. No student will be called up before he has completed his

course," he said.

As the official reminded the workers, who were gathered in one of the LAM hangars,

it is vital that we first settle the matter of the war which has been imposed

on us, so that we can carry out all the economic development projects in peace.

"We all want peace. We want to develop our economy, so we can get out of our

current situation. But this will not be possible unless the armed bands are

eliminated. For this reason, every citizen must mobilize in support of national

defense. We must concentrate all our efforts on the nation's defense. Only

this way, putting a stop to the activities of the armed bands, will we be ill

a position to strengthen our national unity and to rebuild our country," Jacinto

Veloso said.

Near the end of his speech, Minister Veloso said that in the war which we are

going to wage against banditry, there can be no doubt about the result; we

will win, relying on the lessons of the armed struggle for national liberation.

Attending the meeting were employees of the LAM, TTA, the Airport Company,

the Secretariat of State for Civil Aeronautics and the National School of

Aeronautics.

6362

CSO: 3442/409

68
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

AGREEMENT WITH SOVIET UNION ON EMBASSY BUILDINGS

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 28 Aug 85 p I

[Text] Yesterday morning in Maputo, the People's Republic of Mozambique and the

Soviet Union signed an agreement on the reciprocal concession of land or

property for the construction or-installation of embassies and other diplomatic

services in the respective countries. The accords were signed by-Ambassador

Felisberto Lukango, director of the Socialist Countries Division of the MNE

[Ministry of Foreign Affairs], and Palev Chmelkov, charge dt affaires-at the

USSR's Embassy in the RPM.

According to the agreement, the RPM and the Soviet Union must grant each other,

free of charge and on a permanent basis, land or property for the construction

or installation of administrative complexes, economic and commercial agencies

and embassies, both in Maputo and Moscow.

In the context of.the same agreement, Mozambique has already given to the

Embassy of the Soviet Union a lot located on Avenue Vladimir Lenin, in Maputo,

where that country will establish its embassy and other agencies.

Speaking at the ceremony, Felisberto Lukanga said that the agreement now signed

was subjected to a lengthy study, and constitutes a significant step in the

friendly, cooperative relations existing between the two countries. "Through

the agreement, we shall have opportunities for creating improved conditions,

both in the USSR and the RPM, for the personnel assigned to the respective

embassies and other diplomatic services."

Palev Chmelkov remarked that.the reciprocity would also serve to improve

relations between the two countries.

2909

CSO: 3442/406

69
JPRS-SSA-85-0 9 4

3 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

NEW COMMUNAL VILLAGES PROVIDED FOR MORRUMBENE

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 27 Aug 85 p 3

[Text] Over 3,000 families are currently residing in the resettlement centers

of Sitila, Buvane, Panga, Mahangue, Matacaiane, Macodoene, Malaia and Cambine,

in the Morrumbene district of Inhambane.

To ensure the organization of these population groups in future communal villages,

with agricultural production centers, an area of 300 hectares has already been

divided into lots in Panga and Mahangue, and this activity is under way at the

Sitila center.

Concurrently with the reorganization of the lives of the population which was

evicted from its places of origin as a. result of the action on the part of the

armed bandits, self-defense courses have been held in the district, including

over 300 citizens during the first half-year.

In an interview with our correspondent, the district secretary for party organization and mobilization in Morrumbene declared that, during the course of the

first half-year, various activities have been carried out in those resettlement

centers.

Also during the same period, in connection with the structuring of the party,

four new cells were created at the OMM [Organization of Mozambique Women]

Provincial Center, the District Secretariat of Agriculture and AGRICOM [Agricultural Products Marketing Company], currently making a total of 19 cells, with 232

members and 12.candidates.

The district secretary for party organization and mobilization in.Morrumbene

remarked: "The operation of the party organs is satisfactory in the entire

district, inasmuch as there has been planning and checking of the sessions'

achievements and of the activities scheduled, as well as the periodic holding

of political study sessions."

In connection with the training of cadres, during the first half-year 20 persons

attended political-ideological training courses at the party's provincial school,

and over 500 mobilizers were trained.

2909

CSO: 3442/406

70
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

EFFORTS TO MAKE MARRACUENE GREEN ZONE FOR CAPITAL DESCRIBED

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 23 Aug 85 p 5

[Text] The district of Marracuene has one of its physical borders virtually

linked with the city of Maputo. Anyone taking the road which leads to the north,

just beyond the police checkpoint, can observe the sign indicating to him that

he is entering a different administrative zone.

The headquarters-locality of Marracuene was the cradle of colonialism and there

are still vestiges of this at present in the buildings, specifically, the

administrator's residence and even the very topographical direction of the

settlement, facing the Nkomati River, on the site which was unquestionably an.

ideal communications route.

Marracuene has been, and there is every indication that it may again become, an

important part of the capital's green belt. It is also from there that the

material comes which is still allowing for the construction of reed houses, as

does much of the coal consumed by the population of Maputo..

During our two-day stay in Marracuene, we experienced what always happens when

we deal most directly with those on the first line of the production front:

an immense pride at our people's courage, determination and-character.

"We are going to put an end to the terrorism.; and. then,, in peace, things will

be good," we were told with the assurance and conviction inherent in those who

have a profound sense of what they say, know and want.

"Pardon me for arriving a little late, I'll try not to let it happen again,"

we heard a mechanic from thedistrict government offices say to the chief.

This, after we were told privately that the individual in question had journeyed

over 30 kilometers on foot to reach the work site, and is an exemplary mechanic.

There is no transportation to the place where he lives...

Transportation is the major thing lacking. The government's only three cars,

two jeeps and one truck are too few to meet such requirements. Externally, they

are well'preserved and travel everywhere, only stopping each day

to check on water and oil, and to receive minor adjustments that will enable

71
them to continue operating, while so many others of their age, in.other

locations, have been.irrevocably out of commission for a long time. None

of these vehicles have a starting motor or a foot brake, because there is

no repair equipment; but one can observe the carefulness with which they

are driven and the skills with which the drivers use the hand brake. Could

this illegality be criticized?

Destruction of Nature Makes Some Wealthy

Labor is a great concern. Many youths have joined the Armed Forces; some have

changed their location;'while others are making a living from activities that

are very lucrative but almost parasitic.

At the market, a package of four tomatoes costs 100 meticals. This is also the

price of a bag of tea, or two lemons, or one onion. A small coconut costs 150

meticals.

The market is full of stalls and has spilled over.to the national highway

where, in several makeshift balconies, scores of vendors are asking similar

prices. It should be stressed that the productssold here have been purchased

at much lower prices from the countless collective farms located on all sides.

Do you want a bag of coal? Do you need stakes? How many bunches of reeds do

you need? All this, in any amount, can be bought next to the dock of the

ferry boat which connects Marracuene with Macaneta.

But be care;ful,-don't buy anything without checking the price. A bag of coal

costs 2,400 meticals, and a bunch of reeds, 150.

With the "mine" discovered, every passing day new "prospectors".join the group,

indiscriminately destroying the forest, felling reeds which serve to protect

the river banks from erosion, and making outdoor fire sites used only momentarily and then forgotten, often spreading fire in increasingly tragic proportions.

None of them are licensed, no one pays taxes or contributions; and the prices

rise every day, as each one wishes, in inverse proportion to the constantly

increasing needs of the population.

The F02 project, on which a large amount of money was spent to prevent a shortage

of wood materials for the population and to preclude.the destruction of our

forest resources, is at a standstill, and no one is very certain why.

Organization and, Work Construct Victory

The sandy,. narrow path winds across the dry soil from which.c.ashew trees, still

without blossoms, protrude. A few kilometers away, we see only a few scrawny

head of cattle, led by young shepherds in the constant search for water and

green pastures..

72
Suddenly, the landscape opens upon a broad, verdant area, where men and

machines are toiling in a symphony of movement.

A thin, dark, wizened man is waiting for us. Rubber boots, jeans, the

unbuttoned shirt and the straw hat indicate that he is a countryman, seasoned

in this hard work of transforming nature and obtaining subsistence from it.

"I have no experience. This is the first farm that I have had, and we didn't

begin working until February of this year," we were told to our amazement by

Jorge Dinis, who proudly offered to show the farm, slightly over 20 kilometers

from Marracuene.

A few years ago, this area of Marracuene was a regular supplier of vegetables

to the nation's capital. Later, [illegible words] caused the brush to invade

the land again, the ditches to silt up, the dikes to collapse and the pipes

to rust.

And for years nothing more emerged from there. Some time ago a few isolated

attempts were made, attested to by abandoned tractor bodies, as if we were

on a battlefield and a defeated army had to leave in hasty flight. The

green zones office was telling, as were the cooperatives and several state

enterprise administrative facilities.

The state enterprise that is operating there now, strong and wealthy, was

victorious; and a group of private individuals who own this farm in which

Jorge Dinis is a partner and direct.manager, are becoming victorious.

Jorge. Dinis comments: "We have been very lucky in'having thisý state farm as

a neighbor, from which we have received all kinds of backing. Director P.erdigao

is a tireless worker and, in addition to the good work that they are doing,

they always keep their doors open to us."

At the beginning of this year, a plot of land with 140 hectares was assigned

to a group of citizens for agricultural use. At the time, nearly everything

there was brush.

Having started. the clearing work in February, the association now has 95

hectares cultivated with vegetables, from.which nearly 400 tons of kale and

a similar large volume of tomatoes have already arrived. The rest continues

to be sent daily to Maputo.

These people had nothing but good will and some money to invest. However,

they succeeded in procuring three tractors and a truck considered as useless.-

Within a short time, they completely rehabilitated this equipment, with which

they managed to accomplishthe work already done. Meanwhile, last week another

tractor, a new one, was given-to them from. the ones donated by the United

States Government to back the private farmers.

Jorge Dinis remarks: "Now, what we need most is pumps and engines, because we

have only three, and 12 are required for the work being done here."

73
Although the land on which the farm is located lies close to the river, it does

not have its own natural springs.

Moreover, the drought has made it impossible to store water; and therefore

ditches were dug on the farm to better distribute what can. be pumped from

the Umbeluzi. To facilitate the work, a canal is being dug that will lead

directly to the Incomati. This work is being done by an excavating machine

from the adjoining state farm.

Jorge Dinis noted: "The results accrued.this year have given us courage to

continue investing, although we must give better consideration to what we are

going to produce."

He showed an area of 2 hectares where potato seedbeds are being grown; a product

which the association wants to produce in large amounts during the coming

seasons. Onions and tomatoes, grown outside the normal season, are other

crops which they want to raise.

Jorge Dinis expressed criticism.: "The new prices make things much easier, but

the fact is the the large profits go to the vendors. For example, we are now

selling tomatoes for 100 meticals, and kale for 30. But look at the prices of

these products at the market."

Riopele Will Resume Work

"We are the first names on the list for financing priority. The question now

is to see the extent to which Portugal will proceed with projects associated

with Mozambique that have been in abeyance for a long time," we were told last

June by Anibal de Oliveira, administrator of Riopele, owner of the factory of

the same name located in Marracuene.

Riopele, shut down several months ago for lack of raw materials, will resume its

activities at the end of this year because, as that Portuguese businessman told

us, one of the first business firms to benefit from Portugal's recent loan to

Mozambique was precisely that textile unit.

When he received us in the offices of his enormous factory, in the vicinity of

the city of Porto, Anibal de Oliveira expressed very special affection. for

Mozambique, "to which Riopele feels it is obligated."

He stated, specifically: "The current situation is difficult, but we believe

that it will be surmounted. The Mozambican leaders deserve our utmost respect,

and they have always been receptive to dialogue with us. The difficulty here

is among the intermediate, middlemen, who complicate our activity, either by

imposing bureaucratic methods, or often through immobility."

Anibal de Oliveira said that the consecutive Portuguese governments have also

failed to provide the assistance that they should have, and that .the fact that

Portugal is a poor country too is no argument.

74
Anibal de Oliveira added: "However, I must say that Riopelewants to progress

with Mozambique, and we shall do everything to continue working and developing."

The Riopele textile factory, located in Marracuene, is a modern unit, whose highquality production is intended mainly for export.

All That Is Needed Is Greater Sensitivity

In Marracuene, one senses the past. The entire architectural design and the

division of streets readily take us back to the last century. Special mention

should be made of the fact that, if we note the difficulty of finding construction and repair materials, generally speaking, the houses are kept in a good

state of preservation.

However, the deterioration is quite visible in all the external areas, as if

the residents' vision and senses were confined to their four walls.

Gardens which at other times had been beautiful are dried up, abandoned, turned

into waste. Children's playgrounds, which are plentiful in the town, are now

iron rubble and wood scraps, a veritable pitfall for any child.

The height of what we have just described is the gazebo garden and the Nurses

Training School at the Mother and Child Health Center.

The gazebo, partially demolished by the impetuous force of the rain and wind

from hurricane "Domoina," has remained this way to date, defying the law of

gravity and the good sense of anyone who would dare walk near it.

The garden in front, where hundreds of people were in the habit of gathering

on weekends to enjoy the peacefulness and beauty of the site, is all that is

visible now.

But at the school, prime example of beautiful institutions (which, incidentally, is well preserved), it is devastating to see the garden which even now

retains vestiges of the beauty that it once had.

To summarize, weeds are now growing on the walks, there is rubbish everywhere,

and the water pipes are completely clogged. They have even gone so far as

to cut down trees (for what purpose?) and leave behind the branches, which are

now dry, on the ground.

The school has its own personnel, there is no water shortage and it has to train

nurses who are going to live every day with one of the most beautiful phenomena

of nature: motherhood. Where is the sensitivity, the appreciation for beauty,

the pleasure in gracefulness?

So Much Water and One Passage Suffices

The Incomati River, which runs along the very end of Marracuene, has contributed

a great deal to enabling the place to benefit from an uncommon beauty. A

75
source of wealth for the district, because it provides water for agriculture,

offers employment and food, supplying fish and shellfish, the Incomati is also

a border.

There are only a few short meters separating Marracuene from Macaneta, but they

cannot be covered without river transport facilities.

On this side, there is the connection with the rest of the country; on that

side there are the agricultural, livestock and fishing resources. The clothing,

tools and machinery which must be bartered for fresh food, both, remain stored

on the two sides, waiting for the ferry boat, which was damaged a long time

ago and the slow repair of which is a worry for those depending on it.

Hence both the cargo and passengers are carried on small rowboats. Five meticals

is the price paid per person. The cargo varies, and can never be in large

volume, because it would not fit in such a small space.

The manufacturers of coal and wood claim that the transportation has brought

them profits, which is immediately refuted when we note the prices charged

by those operatingthe boats.

Although the latter charge prices slightly higher than those for the ferry boat,

they are by no means exploiting, and their activity is completely praiseworthy.

The fact is that the regular running boat is essential, and the repairs being

made are very uncertain, just "promised," because it will not take long for the

ferry boat to become immobilized again.

It is necessary for urgent measures to be adopted for replacing the vessel in

service. To paraphrase the song, "So much water and one passage suffices."

2909

CSO:3442/410

76
jpRS"SSA-85'0 9 4

3 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

SMALL PROJECTS IN MANICA BRINGINGRESULTS

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 28 Aug 85 p 10

[Text] A total of 48 small projects devised by the population. to fulfill the

decisions from the FRELIMO Party's Fourth Congress are already solving problems

with which the population of Manica Province had been struggling, in their

farm production process, specifically, the lack of hatchets, hoes, machetes,

plows and animal hauling carts for the removal of farm products. This information was provided by Jose Maria, the party's provincial secretary for the

economy, in a recent contact with our reporter.

These small projects, located in various districts,are currently supplying pork,

beef, goat meat, duck and chicken to hospital centers, in order to diversify

the diet of the patients confined in them; and the livestock providing the

meat are being raised in these hospital centers. The process is being mobilized

by the province's population, with the active participation of the workers at

the centers themselves.

To build enclosures, pigpens and coops, the population of Manica Province

contributed funds, in an activity mobilized by the party itself, on all levels.

According to the provincial secretary for the economy in Manica, Jose Maria, in

the agricultural area the province hopes to harvest nearly 8,200 tons of

various grains, with emphasis on corn, this year.

It should be stressed that the plan established for the:,-planting in this agricultural campaign was fulfilled 70 percent in-the entire province; owing

essentially to various problems, such as the intense rainfall and a certain

amount of disorganization. which still prevails in the state agricultural

sector.

Infrastructures in Honor of the 10th Anniversary

Jose Maria also noted that, during the execution of the supplementary plans in

honor of .the 10th anniversary of national-independence, various economic. and

social infrastructures were established in Manica Province; noteworthy among

which were the building of six primary schools, six communal villages, six

health stations and two cafeterias for public administration workers.

77
Also built were 131 improved dwellings-for farmers, eight stations for impounding underground water, a landing strip for small aircraft in the locality of

Save, in the district of Machaze, and the rehabilitation of a locomotive and

a bus for workers from the MECANAGRO [Agricultural Mechanization] state enterprise inChimoio.

Several citizens were also trained for self-defense, and over 2,400 feet of

fruit and shade trees were planted. A total of 5,000 blankets were manufactured

as well as 2,000 tons of crochet thread; and in addition, three agricultural

cooperatives were opened and three squares dedicated to Mozambican heroes were

constructed, as were four headquarters for the party's rank and file agencies

and two huts for adult literacy classes and education.

Meanwhile, according to our source, the 69,204 fruit trees planted in the province

during the course of the supplementary activities in honor of the 50th anniversary of the birth of President Samora Machel and the holding of the party's

Fourth Congress are already providing fruit, which is currently being consumed

by the local populace.

2909

CSO: 3442/406

78
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

PRICE OF FRUITS, VEGETABLES GOES DOWN

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Aug 85 p 5

[Text] Some sales prices for vegetables in the city of Maputo are tending to

decline to nearly half of what they had previously been. The gradual reduction

in prices is due to the role played by the State Fruit and Vegetable Enterprise

which is selling its products at accessible prices.

At the central market on the afternoon of the day before yesterday, we talked

with an individual who, requesting to remain anonymous because he was a state

employee, told us:

"It is true that prices are dropping, but they are still high. I think that,

at a time of large vegetable production, prices ought to be the lowest possible.

We understand such prices during periods of shortage, but now we cannot understand why there are high prices, when there is even cabbage and kale that are

spoiling. How can this be understood?'!

Elva Delfina, a resident of the central district, told us: "I think that

things are reasonably priced now. At first, it was worse. Imagine, I came

here to the central market to buy onions for 1,000.00 meticals." This lady

purchased cabbage for 30.00 meticals at the central market stand.

Middlemen Are Making Our Cost of Living High

When approached by our reporter, Joao de Deus Mangunduane, assistant chief of

the central market, commented to us: "The greatest.problem. facing us is the

middlemen. They look for products at the collective farms, later reselling

them here, at the market entrance, at very high prices. They are the ones

mainly responsible for the prices of certain products, particularly onions."

It was he who informed us of the reduction in onion prices. Yesterday, the

price of a kilogram of this product dropped from 1,000.00 meticals to 600.00.

On Wednesday, a kilogram of-onions cost 700.00 meticals. Joao.Mangunduane

said that there had been slight declines in the prices of kale and tomatoes.

Our tour was not limited merely to the central market. We also visited the

people's market in Maxaquene and the one in Malhangalene. In Maxaquene,

cabbage was still being sold for 100.00 meticals per kilogram. The same price

was in effect for the same quantity of tomatoes.

Insofar as kale is concerned, the cost of a kilogram fluctuated between 50.00

and 60.00 meticals. The very same situation was noted at the Malhangalene

market.

2909

CSO: 3442/406 79
JPRS-SSA-85-09 4

3 October 1985

MUZAMBIQUE

MORRUMBENE CASHEW MARKETING CAMPAIGN REPORT

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Aug 85 p 5

[Text] During the 1984-85 campaign, the district of Morrumbene in Inhambene

Province marketed nearly 386 tons of cashew nuts out of the 400 planned. Cited

as adverse factors affecting the total attainment of the goal are the shortage

of certain products considered essential for the success of the campaign, such

as sugar, soap, textiles and capulana [cloth], and the fact that there was not

adequate marketing in the locality of Sitila, owing to the movement of the armed

bandits. The administrator of Morrumbene, Jose Machava, in an interview with

our correspondent, commented: "In Gotita, another area also potentially supplied

with cashew trees, it was impossible to purchase the nuts from the population,

for the same reason."

The administrator also remarked: "Some of the nuts from Morrumbene, specifically

those from Coche, were marketed directly at the processing factory in the city

of Inhambane by the producers, because the bartering terms here were advantageous."

The cashew nut marketing campaign began in December of last year in that district.

Starting in October, various barter products were provided, namely, trinkets,

soap, sugar, textiles, capulana, radios and items for household use.

However, during the course of the campaign, shortages of certain barter products

occurred; a fact which diminished the enthusiasm of the farmers for turning

over their cashew nuts at the marketing stations.

On the other hand, there were products which remained on the shelves for a long

time, because of the fact that their prices were not easy for the farmers to

convert into nuts sold, as in the case of the Xirico radio and enamel basins.

Administrator Jose Machava said: "During the course of the campaign, we identified soap, salt, petroleum and capulana as priority products for the cashew

nut marketing."

During the 1984-85 campaign, the locality of Cambine marketed .the largest volume

of nuts, while the best wholesale intermediary was the district warehouse

operator, Benjamim Miranda, followed by the AGRICOM [Agricultural Products

Marketing Company]. The best retail intermediary was Ernesto Jose Fafetina,

80
a merchant in Matacainane, a locality in Mocodoene, who, with 77 contos worth

of merchandise, purchased 19 tons of cashew nuts.

More Aggressiveness in the Next Campaign

The campaign was headed by a district commission comprised of cadres from the

party and the state, and the democratic mass organizations, as well as dealers

who on a monthly basis checked the process and adopted essential corrective

measures required for improved collection of the nuts from the producers.

The administrator of Morrumbene considered the work accomplished by the

commission to be positive.

The subject of our interview added: "However,.during the next campaign, in

1985-86, we want its work to be more aggressive."

He noted that the deputies from the People's Assembies on various echelons

in the district will have the mission of mobilizing the marketing of nuts

in every zone, and will have a goal to fulfill, with the deputy responsible

for rendering periodic accounts of this task.

Also in connection with the next marketing campaign, the cleaning, treating

and planting of cashew trees is under way in Morrumbene. A total of 1,000

cashew trees have already been planted, and nearly 90 percent are germinating

satisfactorily.

Coconut Business Hurting Copra Campaign

Morrumbene is considered the major copra producer in Inhambane Province, in

view of the great density of coconut trees occupying its territory, particularly on the coastal strip.

Despite this, the copra production is still insignificant in. comparison with

the district's real potential. As administrator Jose Machava said, this fact

is due to the massive removal of fresh coconut to the markets in Gaza and

Maputo, combined with the situation whereby an average of eight fresh coconuts

are essential to produce.a kilogram of copra, the price of which (the producers

think) is not remunerative.

Morrumbene has as a goal for this year the marketing of 800 tons of copra; and

to date a volume exceeding 300 tons has been purchased.

In connection with seasoning oil, of the 416 tons determined as a goal for

this year, only 85 tons have been marketed.

Meanwhile, last May there began in that district the campaign to market surplus

products from the population; which resulted in the purchase of 15 tons of corn,

4 tons of nhemba beans and over 3 tons of unhulled rice. The lack of barter

products is a problem detrimental to the campaign.

2909

CSO: 3442/406

81
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

MAPUTO SUGAR HANDLING TERMINAL MORE EFFICIENT

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Aug 85 p 2

[Text] A total of 149,000 tons of bulk sugar were handled by. the Port of Maputo

sugar terminal during the last 3 months of this year. This volume represents

2,523 and 933 cars carrying this product from Swaziland and Zimbabwe, respectively. According to Saul Archer Fumo, chief of the terminal, this operational

capacity is due to a political effort started by a Circle Committee brigade from

the CFM [Mozambique Railroad]-South enterprise detailed to this complex. Thanks

to the work done by this brigade, the instances of breaking into cars and stealing sugar have been drastically reduced in this area.

According to Saul Fumo, during the same period five ships carrying 78,000 tons

of sugar from Swaziland, and two carrying 23,000 tons of sugar from Zimbabwe,

were unloaded.

To check and analyze the labor and disciplinary changes made during the past

3 months, on Thursday a meeting of the zonal management group was held, led

by the Port of Maputo port operations director, Afonso Mimbiri.

Also participating in the meeting was Americo Mutimba, chief of the CFM-South

party circle committee brigade detailed to this site.

During the meeting, it was noted that, despite the mechanical and electrical

damage, the production indexes rose significantly at the sugar terminal.

The sugar terminal chief commented: "We are currently working 16 consecutive

hours, on two different shifts. During this period,.we unlo(aded 88 cars

carrying sugar, a figure that was difficult to achieve previously.."

He claimed that the other 8 hours of the day are devoted to cleaningand'.

lubricating equipment.

Smoothing the Edges

Addressing the meeting, the Port of Maputo port operations director said that

the lack of connections between the sectors staffing the terminal and the lack

82
of confidence among the workers, which still persisticannot constitute

obstacles to the labor process, "because they are merely a result of confusion.."

Afonso Mimbiri added: "It is up to you to organize, so that this spirit, which

is present here right now, can be maintained."

Actually,during the meeting several workers submitteda group of questions

relating to the lack of coordination in thework and also the under-utilization

of materials; which on several occasions have created obstacles in the process

of unloading cars and loading ships.

In view of the remarks, some of which contained charges ofwasting materials

which were somewhat serious, Afonso Mimbiri said that he would submit these

questions to the enterprise's technological section for its assessment.

The director of port operations gave assurance that, "We shall meet later to

submit the results and eliminate the minor problems that still exist."

Breaking Into Cars Reduced

A drastic reduction in cases of breaking into cars and stealing sugar is another

victory achieved by the workers in the Port of Maputo sugar sector. This

fact is due to the excellent political work done by the brigade, sensitizing

and mobilizing the workers to make them aware of the need to heighten the

vigilance against elements which, working in the other sections, come to the

sugar terminal to break into cars and steal this product.

2909

CSO: 3442/410

83
JPRS'SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

NATION'S RICE YIELD IMPROVES

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE 23 Aug 85 p 5

f•ext A major improvement in Mozambique's rice harvest is expected this year --

largely said by local agricultural officials to be due to the Mozambique government's decision in May 1983 to break up a giant state farm and also to hold

back 20% of wages on the state farms, dependent on results.

A record crop is now estimated in the main Chokwe rice-growing area in the

Limpopo valley, Gaza province. where output is estimated at 30,000 tonnes

compared with 5,000 tonnes last season when drought and then cyclone Domoina

hit production.

According to the Africa Economic Digest, some 22,500 tonnes of the total

estimated rice crop is from the state sector, and 4,000 tonnes from the

private sector.

14 Units

The report said that the improvement has also followed the break-up of the

giant Complex Agro-Industrial do Limpopo state farm into 14 agricultural and

livestock units, and the decision to hold back part of the wages until production results were known.

The report quotes an agriculture ministry representative as saying that "the

move has created a new commitment on the Chokwe state farms."

Average rice yields have risen to four tonnes a hectare, compared with a preindependence record of 3,500 tonnes and Chokwe district has also produced a

bumper vegetable crop of around 30,000 tonnes.

State farms in the district are expected to show their first-ever profit, due

to a combination of increased yields and reduced costs, said the AED report.

cSO: 3400/1104

84
JPRS'SSA-85-094 3 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

FORD TRACTORS TO BE REHABILITATED

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 17 Aug 85 p 1

[Text] By the end of next year, 500 farm tractors of the Ford make are due to

be rehabilitated in Mozambique, and so that this work will be possible, the

parts will have to arrive in our country by December 1985. To guarantee that

this work will be carried out, the Ford Tractors Operation donated to Industrial

Technique the equipment deemed necessary to complete that work plan.

A large number of spare parts for Ford make tractors have already started to

reach Mozambique, and the entire sum for the order ($2.5 million) will be at

our disposal by the year's end. According to Antonio Capucho Paulo, director

of the Industrial Technique enterprise, all this equipment comes from donations

made to the RPM by various countries and organizations to rehabilitate our

fleet of agricultural equipment, and will make it possible for 500 tractors

to be rebuilt by the end of 1986.

He also announced that, to make it possible for the company agent to succeed

in this job of rehabilitating the fleet, Ford Tractors Operation donated

special, universal tools and a total of 18 vehicles, which will enableýthe

technical brigades in the rural areas to travel about and work.

This donation, which is worth about 15,000 contos, will be distributed in

the country, and much of it is already in Mozambique.

At the same time, we were informed that the offices of Industrial Technique in

Maputo will start operating within a few days in the building of the parent

firm,.. the Joao Ferreira dos Santos Company, as a means of making better utilization of cadres possible.

2909

CSO: 3442/406

85
JPRS'SSA-85.0 9 4

3 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

IRAN OFFERS BUS--Yesterday in Maputo, the Red Cross Association of the Islamic

Republic of Iran donated a bus with a 47-seat capacity to the Ministry of

Foreign Affairs. Reza Shirkodaee, second secretary of that country's embassy,

delivered the gift to our country. The vice minister of foreign affairs,

Daniel Mbanze, received the donation representing the Mozambican.Government.

Speaking at the ceremony, which took place at the MNE [Ministry of Foreign

Affairs] park, Reza Shirkodaee said that this gesture of his country's solidarity reflects the friendly, cooperative relations that exist between the two

countries. Daniel Mbanze, in turn, remarked that the donation of that bus to

the workers of hisministry would minimize the lack of transportation with

which the respective officials are struggling. He added that, as a way of

expressing appreciation for the Iranian people's solidarity, the workers in

that ministry would take good care of the bus, so that it will last longer.

[Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 27 Aug 85 p 2] 2909

REHABILITATION OF SUGAR INDUSTRY--A comprehensive project for the partial

rehabilitation of Mozambique's sugar industry is being made possible through

Credit Guarantee Insurance Corporation in cooperation with the Industrial

Development Corporation as financier. Credit Guarantee has given cover for

R9,6 million, which will allow Techserve of Durban to make repairs to six

sugar plants. When completed in February next year, the industry is expected

to produce about 100,000 tons annually. The project includes the upgrading of

plantations, production infrastructure. repairs to sugar mills, and a molasses

factory and a basic rebuilding programme. fext_ gohannesburg THE STAR in

English 3 Sep 85 p 16

CSO: 34oo/ii03

86
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

NAM4IBIA

TOIVO CONSIDERED IN EXILE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 7 Sep 85 p 11

/5ext7

WINDHOEK. - Swapo Mr Ya Toivo was resecretary-general Mr An- leased from prison in

dimba Toivo Ya Toivo Windhoek on March 1 was now considered in last year after having

exile, the Namibian news- spent 18 years in jail on

paper reported in Wind- Robben Island.

hoek yesterday. He was convicted and

Mr Ya Toivo was is-, sentenced on charges

sued travel documents va- under the Terrorism Act.

lid for one year in Sep- After his release last

tember last year to go. year, Mr Ya Toivo was

abroad. elected to the new post of

The documents expired Swapo secretary-general,

on Thursday, which and he has been away

meant he was no longer frorn SWA for almost a

able to re-enter South year. -Sapa.

West Africa through nor- mal procedures.

CSO: 34oo/1113

87
JPRSýSSA-8590

9 4

3 October 1985

NAMIBIA

VOICEOF, NAMIBIA ON SWAPO'S 'EXPANDING MILITARY OPERATIONS'

EA031658 Addis Ababa Voice of Namibia in English 1900 GMT 3 Sep 85

["Talking Point" program]

[Text] In this weeks edition of Talking Point we look at SWAPO's successes

on the battlefield.

The South West Africa Peoples Organization, SWAPO of Namibia, has scored considerable successes against the occupationist South African Army since the

launching of the armed national liberation struggle in the territory 19 years

ago. The People's Liberation Army of Namibia, (PLAN), SWAPOS invincible

military wing, has been hitting the enemy with increased intensity and frequency. As a result of the successes scored at the battlefield, the People's

Armed Forces have been expanding military operations all over Namibia forcing

the illegal occupationist regime to increase its terrorist forces to over

110,000.

Despite South Africa's oft-repeated claims that the Namibian war regime on its

casualties and the high number of fictitious SWAPO casualties show the ferocity

of the liberation war in Namibia. A SWAPO communique issued in the Angolan

capital, Luanda, recently, confirmed the telling blows PLAN is inflicting on

the racist colonial forces all over Namibia. The communique disclosed that

the people's armed forces killed or wounded over 720 enemy soldiers in different military operations in Namibia during the first half of this year.

It said that during the same period PLAN combatants have completely destroyed

52 military vehicles, most of them of the Kalsa and Buffalo types, overrun 11

military bases, and blown up 50 telephone poles seriously disrupting the enemy's

communications. These activities, the communique said, have forced South

African soldiers to retreat to bases around the towns, leaving the countryside

in certain areas in the control of SWAPO.

The highly successful military exploits of PLAN took place in the north, northeast and center-north of Namibia, obliging the South African racist regime to

concentrate its occupationist troops around the towns of (Okravana), Oshakati,

Ondangua, (Rundu), Tsumeb, Grootfontein, Otavi, Outjo and Otjiwarong. The

latest reported successes of the People's Liberation Army of Namibia, PLAN, is

a clear indicator of the iron determination of the Namibia people led by SWAPO

to fight and dislodge the Pretoria occupationist regime from Namibia. The

88
exploits, moreover, show the combat maturity of the liberation forces which

are increasingly showing revolutionary tenacity in upholding and expanding the

gains of the glorious armed national liberation struggle.

In addition, these brilliant successes show that the regimes (?false) claim

that its forces are defeating PLAN will forever remain a pipe dream. The

Pretoria racist regime and its imperialist allies should know that SWAPO will

further intensify the armed liberation struggle until the Botha regime agrees

to quit Namibia and the transfer of power to the genuine representatives of

the Namibian people. We have no doubt that with its ever growing support PLAN

combatants are getting from our oppressed masses and increased solidarity from

the international community, victory will be ours.

Long live the glorious People's Liberation Army of Namibia: everything and

every effort for the struggle: all for victory.

CSO: 3400/1087

89
JPRS-SSA-85-0

9 4

3 October 1985

NAMIBIA

IMPROVED NAMIBIAN MILITARY CAPABILITY LAUDED

MB060856 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 6 Sep 85

[Station commentary: "South-West Africa's Defense"]

[Text] The fact that South-West Africa/Namibia is now within reach of being

able to look after its own military commitment is significant, and needs to

be considered carefully by all parties interested in the welfare of the

territory.

The radicals at the United Nations and elsewhere periodically make the charge

that South Africa is intent on keeping South-West Africa/Namibia politically

under its control, in order to exploit it economically.

If that were the case, it would hardly suit South Africa for the territory to

become anywhere hear self-sufficient in the military field, but that is what

is happening. A senior officer of the SWATF said in Windhoek this week that,

in the 5 years since its inception, the force has gained total acceptance by

the people of the territory. During that time, there has been a growing

interest, particularly among blacks, in joining the force, and the stage has

now been reached where 60 percent of those serving in the force are local inhabitants.

In April this year, there were 200 vacancies in one company, and more than

2,000 applicants came forward. South Africans are the first to applaud this

development because it will ease their responsibility in defending the territory against SWAPO terrorists. As the South African Government has said on

numerous occasions, the simple fact of the matter is that the responsibility

of protecting the people of South-West Africa and the cost of development in

the territory is a massive financial drain on Pretoria, a burden which

South Africa cannot carry indefinitely.

The 600 million rands Pretoria pays out every year to balance the books in

South-West Africa/Namibia--aside from the hundreds of million spent on maintaining law and order in the territory--is a matter which would have to be

resolved before independence, and yet it is something which has apparently

received no attention, and certainly not from the radical bloc which wants to

see a Marxist government in Windhoek.

90
After independence, there is no way that this bloc would be able to compensate

for South Africa's financial aid. This is the sort of practical aspect of the

problem which will have to be considered by those who accuse South Africa of

exploitation.

CSO: 3400/1087

91
JPRS-SSA-85-09 4

3 October 1985

NAMIBIA

LEADER OF PSA COUNTERINSURGENCY GROUP DESCRIBES ATTACK ON SWAPO

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 1 Sep 85 p 8

•A'rticle by Stephan Terblanche, Military Correspondent

/Texg THE leader of a crack South African connaissance nSeveral recounter-insurgency group told this missions were

week how he and 54 of his men ran: undertaken by

out of ammunition during a daring members of the

unit and one attack on more than 300 Swapo guer- Swapo terrorrillas. 1st was capThe tiny force - members of 32 Battal- tured. He conion - killed 201 Swapo fighters, captured firmed much of

many others, and lost only three of their the Informa- man tion.

own men. Cmdt HouBut the men had to take ammunition from gaard and 45 of

dead Swapos to carry on the fierce, all-day his men were in

battle. the area. They were joined by The Chief of the Army, Lieutenant-General another 10 men of the ReconJannie Geldenhuys, said this week that 32 Bat- naissance Wing of 32 Battaltalion was South Africa's most successful ion and were ready to attack

fighting unit since the Second World War. the temporary Swapo base

General Geldenhuys wasl across the Kunene River.

presenting the unit with its On March 121983, two days

colours in a magnificent bush! before the battle, the 32 Batparade at the unit headquar-. talion men clashed with a ters at Buffalo in the Oper- small Swapo force.

ational Area on Tuesday - They captured several

the first time that a South guerrillas who gave them full African :military unit re-i details of Swapo strengths

ceived itS colours in an oper- and built a model of the temational or war zone. porary base.

The attack on the huge

concentration of Swapo fight- Missiles ers happened in 1983 and was led by the present second-in- In the early hours of March

command of the unit, Coin- 14, despite extremely heavy

mandant Jan Hougaard. rain and muddy conditions,

Cmdt Hougaard told how the attack started.

the unit's reconnaissance sec- A cut-off group of 28 men

tion received information under the command of Lieuthat a huge Swapo force was tenant P J S Nel - who was

assembling on the Angolan killed and awarded the Honside of the border In the west- oris Crux posthumously -

ern Operational Area. was dropped by helicopter "We had hardly any miii- north of the Swapo position. "With the attacking South tary presence in that area at i Africans airborne in helicopthe planned time, to and send Swapo this force had ters, Swapo fighters started

th g that area down to the firing SAM-7 heat-seeking through far ea dn t the o missiles when they were still

white farms In says.3kmn the south," he 3mfo from the Swapop base.e says.

92
None of the helicopters' Present at the ceremony at

was hit and the men werel Buffalo, home base of the

dropped near the Swapo m posi- unit in the Namibian Operd pS ational Area, were the pretion. sent and former commandOnce on the ground, the 32 ing officers of the unit.

Battalion men advanced on They are Colonel Jan

Swapo under heavy mortar Breytenbach, founder comfire. ryebcfudrom A ne. sg tmander of the unit, Brigadier At one stage they were '• Nei, Colonel Deon Ferreira,.

pinned down and called in air and the current officer corinforce Impalas to drop bombs manding, Colonel E G Vilon the base. Owing to the dis- m-A

tance, the Impalas could The unit has collected

make only one grop. several Honoris Crux medals

By midday the group had -. South Africa's highest

run out of ammunition and- award for bravery in battle

the men were using ammuni- -- in the nine yeats of its

tion taken from dead Swapo existence.

fighters. The unit originated during

Eventually after a full the Angolan War in 1975.

day's battle, Swapo resis- Forces of the Angolan resistance was overcome. Of the tance movement, FNLA,

300 Swapo fighters that had were left leaderless and were 300 Swapo a thd.A ube tg then placed under command

engaged the South Africans, th acan oiers.

201of South African officers.

wire also captured. When South Africa withS Three me- drew from Angola. these men

hers of 32 Bat- were brought back to Namitalion died. bia and were placed as refuThey were Lt gees at the present Buffalo

Nel, Corporal base and were known as BraP T Steward vo Group. I 

%

and Rifleman Bravo Group was officially

D Paulo. recognised as an SA Army

Huge quanti- unit on March 27 1976 and in

ties of supplies, the same year the name was

including o ver changed to 32 Battalion.

400 landmines, The unit has been utilised

were captured. In conventional, semi-conThis week's ventional, counter-insurgencolours cere- cy and guerrilla roles.

mony marked the coming of It has taken part in at least

age of the unit 

- making it 14 major operations in

the first South African Army Owambo and Southern Ango-

.unit consisting mainly of for- ia. the unit has lost 164 men

eigners, namely Angolans In battle.

who formerly belonged to Dr The unit is made up of AnHolden Roberto's resistance golans led by South African

movement. u sofficers and NCOs. It Is also

By Ganding the unit its col- probably the only South Afriours, Gen Geldenhuys ful- can unit with three official

filled a promise made to the languages as many of the

unit at its inception in 1976 

. men only speak lNrtdguese.

that it would become a full

South African Army unit.

The colours consist of a silver buffalo head on a dark

green background lined with

black and gold.

CSO: 3400/1113

93
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

NA•IBIA

FORMER SWAPO GRANTED AMNESTY

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 10 Sep 85 p 13

[T extg

WINDHOEK. -The ference yesterday she had

SWAIrND iiOnl Gv- Tleft Ondangua in north- SWA Transitional Gov- ern SWA with a group of

eminent has agreed in ab wit a gropl of

principle to grant amnesty The intention p was like

to a former Swapo mere- other freedom fighters, to

ber, Miss Susan Kanyem- fight for the indepen- ba, the Minister of Nature dence of their country".

conservation, Mining and She ended up at a Swa-

"'ourism, Mr Andreas po centre in Cuanza Sul

5hipanga, said in Wind- Province of Angola, but

hock yesterday. - about five years ago she

Miss Kanyemba (28) began to be disillusioneq

returned to SWA 12 days with the direction of Swaago after living in exile for po's armed struggle. --

11 y Sapa.

Shwtold a media conCSO: 34oo/1113

94
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

NIGERIA

ABACHA SAYS DISCHARGED SOLDIERS WILL RECEIVE BENEFITS

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 24 Aug 85 p 1

[Article by Frank Akinolal

[Text THE , discharge of The commanding officer

/medically unfit said that all the soldiers are soldiers from the Nigeriar at the moment undergoing Army will not lead to ill- medical examinations, feelings in the army, pointing out that only those Major-General Sanni found to bf unable to Abacha has said. discharge the functions of a Rather, discharging soldier would be affected.. unfit soldiers will boost He said the process of the moralewof the troops their discharge would be

as it will enable medically done in i way that would fit men to move up the ensure that all their benefits

ladder.

General Abacha who are paid. is the general officer Gereral Abac.ha who was

commanding the' Two in Lagos to inspect the 'troops in the 9th MechanMechanised Division ot ised Brigade,. said that his the Niqerian Army, was men were battle ready speaking to the Daily' based on the assessmeht he Times in an interview in had made. Lagos. He said that all the unfit

soldiers to be discharged He said that already some would be trained in various of the medically unfit trades to enable them to soldiers had been deman- live as useful citizens.

ding for their discharge long

before now.

CSO: 3400/1201

95
JPRS'SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

NIGERIA

ABACHA EXPLAINS YOUTH OF ARMY CHIEFS

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 24 Aug 85 p 1

[Text] I'A AJO R -General MV Sanru Abacha has General Abacha conexlsined why moat Nige- tended that the rate of

dan army chiefs are in the "attrition in a developing

40-50 years age bracket, nation is much higher and

He said that "the ages faster than in developed

of the army chiefs in the nations."

Nigeren Armed Forces He did not agree that

are relative to the age of early retirement of the

the country and other senior officers by succeesectors in the country. ding administrations was "The Nigerian Army ia redrignibse ior the age young if you look at it crensiar.

armeso with other The Nigeran Army armies of the world." received its charter in

He had bwh as oe 1885 and organised its expin why most foreign constabulary made up of army Nigeria chiefs who visit five British and two are elderly unlike African officers with

their Nigerian counter- about 400 other ranks and parts who are mostly file. within the 40 - 50 years Out of these, more than

bracket. half of them were Fanti.

General Abacha said: from Gold Coast (Ghana).

"Most of the foreign In view of the critical

army chiefs that come situation that followed

are, from very old armies. French encroachment on

By the time the Nigerian the territory of the Royal

Army develops in some Niger Company in 1894 -

years to come, you will 1897, the British Governfind army chiefs of ment decided to raise a

between 60 and 70 years local force and Colonel

age bracket. (later Lord) Lugard was

sent out to raise and

command the force.

CSO: 3400/1201

96
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

NIGERIA

FACTORIES RECALLING RETRENCHED WORKERS

Ikeja NEWSWATCH in English 2 Sep 85 p 25

[Article by Soji Omotunde and Kehinde Odesola]

[Text] igerian manufacturing companies,

caught up in the raw materials capacities, not all of them are recalling

crunch since last year, are spring- their workers laid off last year. Most coming back to life. Production lines have panics were reluctant to disclose their prebecome beehives of activities and in- sent level of production and the value of

dustrial machines are humming again. import licence received.

Most factories are producing either at Beecham Nigeria Ltimited, ianufacfull capacity or 'more than 50 percent, turers of drugs and toothpaste, which

The elixir came from the government. retrenched about 200 of its factory

By last July, it had issued import licences operatives in February last year has not recalled anyone. The company claims it wvorih N3.913 billion; 63 percent of this rcle noe h opn lisi

went to the industrial sector of the still faces raw materials shortage and that its new N17 million factory at Oregun is

economy for the importation of raw still idle.

materials, machinery, equipment and

spare parts.

Some companies are pulling their he hopes of 81 managers laid off by

retrenched workers off the labour market/ Lever Brothers last year returning

to the production line. Bata, a shoe- to work are dim. Mrs. F. Pampam,

manufacturing company, has begun to corporate affairs manager, told

replace its workers lost either through Newswatch it was a "rationalisation" exresignation or termination. Schweppes, a ercise in consonance viith the laid-down

soft drinks company, has recalled 50 of policy of dispensing with redundancy. But

the 84 workers it laid off last year. none of the posts of the sacked managers

Volkswagen of Nigeria Limited, a has been filled. Newswatch gathered that

motor vehicle assembly company, the company has employed what it calls employed about 500 artisans early in the "natural wastage" procedure whereby

year; and Guinness of Nigeria Limited, a workers who leave the company for

brewery company, is not only re- whatever reasons are not replaced.

absorbing its retrenched workers, it is Hoechst, a pharmaceutical company

employing new ones. In June last year, it which made a profit of

bowed to the economic crunch and sent .2.8 million last year, N700,000 over what

1,000 of its 4,030 workforce home. Nearly it made in 1983, is yet to recall any of its

all of them are now back at work. sacked workers. Food Specialities, makers

But not all retrenched workers are of baby food, beverages and maggi cubes,

lucky. Some of them still pound the has not recalled its 30 managers retrenchpavements hoping for a recall, which is ed last year. Same with African

not corning. Beverages, makers of Pepsi, which sent

A survey of some companies in Lagos home 256 of its workers last December.

conducted by Newswatch showed that Rather than re-absorb, Leyland at lbadan

though most of them now operate at continues to retrench. Last month it addreasonable, and in some instances, full ed 299 of its employees to the labour

market.

97
Newvswalch also looked into prices of co nmodities around Lagos and discovered

(hat some commodities cost less than they

did last year. A tablet of Lux or Joy toilet

soap is down to 50k from a high price of

N• last year. A medium packet of Omo or

Elephant detergent which cost N2 in 1984 now sells for 75; motor tyres are also

down from the unprecedented hike to between NI 10and N180.

A bag of salt now costs N12 as against

N20 in 1984 while soft drinks, hitherto 50k

per bottle can now be obtained for 30k.

Another sharp drop in price is noticeable

in baby foods. Cerelac which cost N12 a

tin last year is now N3.50; Lactogen and

SMA, N17 and N20 respectively before

now cost H3 each; 450 grams of Frisolac

currently sells for N2.70 as against N12

three months ago. A packet of sugar

hitherto 142.50 now cost NI.30 in the open

market.

But it is not a totally happy story.

Prices of some commodities are up. Prices

of milk, vegetable oil and rice for instance, have risen by about 100-300 percent. Four litres of vegetable oil which the

Nigerian National Supply Company

(NNSC) sells for N6 now costs between

N25 and N30 in the market; 100

kilogramme of rice pushed out by the same company at only N56 gets to the consumers at between N180 and N200. The

price of a tin of Peak milk and Canada

Best, formerly selling for 30k has been

moving between 80k and one naira.

Beverages still maintain the over 100 per

centage price increases carried over since

last year. Life is still difficult.

CSO: 3400/1201

98
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

NIGERIA

BRIEFS

ACCUSED AMERICAN ESCAPES--An American standing trial at a Lagos high court on

a charge of stealing 76,000 naira is said to have jumped bail and escaped to

the United States. The defense counsel, Major General Ibrahim Haruna,

retired, told the court presided over by Justice Roseline Omotosho today that

the American, Dr William Shelton, made his escape through Nigeria's border

with Benin Republic. Maj Gen Haruna, who also stood surety for the accused,

said that Dr Shelton later obtained another passport at Cotonou, having

surrendered his first one to Nigerian security officials on the orders of the

court. But the judge did not take kindly to the statement. She gave Maj Gen

Haruna 2 months to produce the accused or face the full weight of the law.

The judge drew attention to paragraph 5 of the affidavit sworn to by Maj Gen

Haruna where he had promised to produce the accused whenever the court needed

him. In the affidavit, Mrs Omotosho pointed out that Maj Gen Haruna had given

the assurance that the accused would not jump bail if released to him. [Text]

[Lagos Domestic Service in English 1500 GMT 16 Sep 85]

CSO: 3400/1129

99
SOUTH AFRICA

JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

SOWETAN REQUEST TO INTERVIEW MANDELA REFUSED

MBl71014 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0954 GMT 17 Sep 85

[Text] Johannesburg, 17 Sep (SAPA)--The South African Prisons Service

has turned down an application by the SOWETAN newspaper to visit ANC

leader Nelson Mandela and the PAC [Pan Africanist Congress] leader Zeph

Mothopeng in prison.

Mandela is serving a life sentence at Pollsmoor prison in Cape Town and

Mothopeng 15 years in the Johannesburg prison near Soweto.

The chief liaison officer of the prisons service, Lt Col Danie Immelman,

telephoned the SOWETAN yesterday with his departments decision.

The SOWETAN sent the request to visit the two leaders on 26 August and

2 days later received a telex acknowledging receipt of the letter.

Mandela, who has been in jail for the past 21 years, has been interviewed

in jail by foreign journalists and others. Only last month Mandela was

interviewed by the controversial Rev Jerry Falwell, a conservative Baptist

leader, who is campaigning for continued American investment in South

Africa, and accused Bishop Desmond Tutu of being a phony. He was also

interviewed by two WASHINGTON TIMES journalists, Cal Thomas and John Lofton.

It was reported that the state president, Mr P.W. Botha, personally cleared

the application for the visit by the two journalists.

In January, Mandela gave his first press interview since his conviction

when he was visited by British Conservative Party peer, Lord Nicholas

Bethell. The interview was spread across two pages of a London newspaper.

In July, the prisons services allowed South African newspapers to use an

interview that Mandela had with Professor Samuel Dash of Georgetown

University in the United States.

No newspaper has ever interviewed Mothopeng since his conviction in the

Bethal PAC trial in 1979.

In the application for the interviews, the SOWETAN pointed out that newspapermen from abroad had interviewed Mandela, and the newspaper felt it was

time that a local journalist interviewed him. Lt Col Immelman yesterday

would not say who had taken the decision to turn down the SOWETAN's

application.

CSO: 3400/1147

100
JPRS-SSA-85-094

3 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

EXECUTIVES ON DETERIORATION IN POLITICAL CLIMATE

MB161123 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0953 GMT 16 Sep 85

[Text] Pretoria, 16 Sep (SAPA)--A deterioration in the political climate

is expected for 1986 by corporate executives of the country's top 100

companies, according to an investigation by the University of South Africa's

Bureau of Market Research.

Rising inflation and declining economic growth would be major obstacles

confronting business in South Africa in 1986, compared with 1984.

With labour troubles, increasing strikes, and a deteriorating political

climate, this is expected to be the largest problem area in the economic

environment next year.

These are a few of the findings in a report entitled "The Business Environment and Marketing Strategies of Manufacturing Industries in 1986,"

just released by the bureau. The report is based on the views of corporate

executives of the top 100 industrial groups and manufacturing companies

listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange.

A large percentage of the executives thought the disinvestment campaign

against South Africa was bound to feature more prominently in forward

strategic planning.

Among other views generally expressed by the executives was that marketing

would gain in importance because marketers would become more consumer/

customer oriented, concentrating their efforts on profits rather than

sales volume.

CSO: 3400/1147

101
JPRSýSSA-85-0 3 October 19859 4

SOUTH AFRICA

YOUTHS USING UNREST TO PERPETRATE MINDLESS ACTS OF VIOLENCE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 Aug 85 p 10

[Text] opens during the day on Saturdays.

I saw some youths in

Many township residents who thought commandeered vehicles returning

they were involved in the struggle and from a funeral last Saturday. They

could condone many acts of drove up to a garage where they lawlessness perpetrated by youths and ordered the petrol attendants to fill up

blame it on "the system", have been the vehicles. They were in a convoy of

left dumbfounded by recent events in about 10 taxis. It costs about R60 to fill

the townships. the tank of just one of those The youths virtually rule the mini-buses.

townships and anybody who dares to Two taxis were filled up, but the

oppose them gets the usual threat- "We manager, mustering his courage,

will burn your house." suddenly grabbed the bowser hose

Many residents are wondering from one of the youths and ordered

whether there is any leadership behind them to move on.

the pupils' actions, or if they act on the The manager was fuming with

spur of the moment and, finally, if anger. "If this is the struggle then I am

their motives are political or plain not part of it. We have been in the

thuggery ... struggle ourselves and we sympathise It has become dangerous to drive having their vehicles commandeered with the youths - and we have done a

around the townships on Saturday taxi drivers, last week for example, lot for them.

afternoons. steered clear of Diepkloof on Saturday. "But if they now use violence

SThe pleasant weekend activity that It was distressing, to say the least, to against us, who is going to support

many used to indulge in, cruising see more than 20 youths crammed in a them? It is fashionable these days, it

around the townships to. visit friends, mini-bus which is supposed to seat seems, to carry out wanton acts of

has very definitely become a thing of 12 people. * recklessness or thuggery under the

the past. Not only were they overloaded, but name of the struggle.

Before venturing out in their cars on the vehicles were made doubly "They are discrediting the struggle,"

weekends these days, the first thing dangerous by the youths hanging from he said.

township dwellers have learnt is to the windows and rocking them from A lot of people are puzzled by what

make sure there is no "unrest" funeral side to side as they sped. along the is going on. Even those who regarded

in the vicinity which they could bump i. township roads. these incidents as a sign of the timed

Into. Most of the taxis so commandeered and argued that there 'must 'bel

And these days, even1 though an; ended up;,with dents 'all over the casualties in the struggle, am at a loss'

"unrest" death may not have been bodywork.... for words.

reported, pupils who die of natural Motorists who see these But what seems clear is that politics,

causes are usually given an. "unrest" commandeered vehicles approaching is not the real motivating factor. To

burial. are quick to turn down side streets for join in this kind kof: mlndless'!

An "unrest" funeral means total fear -of confrontation with the lawlessness is thought to be clever,,

anarchy in the townships. rampaging youths. great fun. Sadly, the township youth of

With Putco refusing to allow its Garage owners have had their today, who should know better, give no,

buses to be used for such funerals the profits cut by the youths who force thought to the wanton.damage they.

youths have now turned to them to fill up the vehicles. are doing to people's - their own

commandeering taxis. And for fear of One garage in Diepkloof no longer people's - property and possessions.

CSO: 3400/1091

102
SOUTH AFRICA

TV REPORTS ANC MEETING WITH BUSINESSMEN

MB172100 Johannesburg Television Service in English 1800 GMT 17 Sep 85

[Report on meeting between RSA Businessmen and ANC leaders in Zambia on

the "Network" program by Donna Doigt]

[Excerpt] [Doigt] Reaction is still coming in over the talks between

big business and the ANC in Zambia. This spill-over by business in the

political arena is being regarded as highly significant. Let us take a

look at that historic meeting. [Video shows the businessmen walking to

board plane at airport] Economics spilled over into politics last week

when a delegation of seven South Africans led by big business held an

indaba [meeting] with the banned ANC in the heart of central Africa.

Basic motivation for this business safari was economic interests.

Mr Hugh Murray, publisher/editor of the journal, LEADERSHIP SA, who

initiated the meeting, as one of a series, through the good offices of

President Kaunda of Zambia, explains.

[Begin Murray video] I. think the talks in Zambia on Friday must be seen

against the backdrop of growing instability in Southern Africa. The

business community has a right, if not a duty, to find out what is going

on, what the contributing factors are, to the very serious problems it

is having in regard to pursuing its livelihood in South Africa. I think

that the ANC is an important factor, and that was a familiarizing visit.

Again, the business community was being asked to fight alongside the

government in many areas, including disinvestment, and to this end the

business community has certainly pulled its weight. [End video]

[Video shows businessmen leaving airport for talks venue] After the two

delegations arrived by separate aircraft at the Mfuwe airport, 400 km

east of Lusaka, they went by Land Rover to President Kaunda's personal

lodge on the banks of the tranquil Luangwa River. [Video shows planes at

Mfuwe airport, vehicles driving towards presidential lodge, views of the

delegations] Behind barricades, with access denied to all, the two

teams, led by Mr Gavin Relly, chairman of Anglo-American, and ANC leader

Oliver Tambo exchanged thoughts and rubbed shoulders for 6 hours, under

the eyes of their host, the Zambian president. Even after 6 hours, the

businessmen were still bent on maintaining silence, but were finally

coaxed into comment on their departure from the airport. [Video shows

businessmen walking towards aircraft]

103
[Begin Relly video] We had a very interesting day indeed. We enjoyed

ourselves talking to our fellow South Africans. There was a considerable

unanimity of view about the importance of--for South Africa--structuring

a coherent and sensible society in the future. Some disagreement about

the way this should be done, as you might very well imagine. [End video]

The success, one said, lay at least in having met, after a quarter of a

century of mutual insulation. Two major issues were discussed: An end

to violence in South Africa, and economic policy. On neither of these

could agreement be achieved.

The ANC executive could not see its way to renounce violence as a precondition for direct negotiations with the South African Government, fearing

that this would remove the one real bargaining power they would have at

the round table. Similarly, they could not be convinced of the merits of

a free enterprise capitalist economy, insisting on the ANC's economic

policy as stated in the Freedom Charter. This prescribes the nationalization of all mines, banks, and what is called monopoly industry, as well

as some land. [Video shows ANC's Tambo speaking to newsman with background

audio] Yet, at the departure of the luxury Anglo jet, the irony of this

macro company's projected future destiny could not be lost. As Mr Tambo

explained the priority of nationalization on the tarmac.

CSO: 3400/1147

104
SOUTH AFRICA

BUSINESSMAN COMMENTS.ON ANC TALKS

MB171953 Johannesburg Television Service in English 1800 GMT 17 Sep 85

[Panel discussion with Tony Bloom, chairman of the Premier Group of

companies, moderated by Donna Doigt on the "Network" program--live]

[Excerpts] [Piet Muller, editor of BEELD] The ANC and the National

Party of South Africa are the country's two oldest nationalist groups.

Both were founded shortly after union, and both with identical aims.

[Johnne Johnson, CITIZEN Editor] The ANC is committed to violence.

It is out to overthrow the existing order, and for businessmen to have

talks with an organization like that is like playing footsy with the

revolution.

[Muller] History has proved that even terrorists can in the fullness of

time become respected statesmen. Take for instance Israel.

[Chris Ball, Barclays Bank managing director] Businessmen cannot negotiate

political issues, but to understand the position and to understand people's

viewpoints, we have to ask then what they do think.

[Doigt] These are three different views reflecting perhaps a wider spectrum

of controversial public positions and opinion at the moment on the

position of the talks that have been held recently in Zambia. Tony Bloom,

I am going to turn to you first, because you have the advantage over all

of us in that you were actually there. Perhaps initially you could clarify

something for us. We have been given to understand that the president

himself has explicitly stated his approval of the talks--the pending talks,

and of the talks after they took place. We have also been given to

understand and, albeit, by certain rumors, that the government expressed

their tacit approval of the talks before they took place. Can you

clarify that position?

[Bloom] Well, I can only clarify that the state president did express

his disapproval. We did not quite agree with that. We saw it as a

constructive act, we saw it as an act by devoted, committed, and loyal

South Africans attempting to break the ice with the ANC, and in no way

was anything said at that meeting which could in any stretch of the

imagination be considered as disloyal or unpatriotic.

105
[Doigt] And would you say that you had the tacit approval of your own

party--you are a staunch and known member of the PFP [Progressive Federal

Party]. You had the backing of the PFP?

[Bloom] Absolutely not. It had nothing to do with the PFP at all, it

was totally non-party political, it was simply a group of individual

businessmen, and I might say we were probably not representative of

business opinion in South Africa. Simply a group of individual businessmen

going to hold a discussion--and I think that there is a big difference

between a discussion and a negotiation--a discussion with the ANC.

[Doigt] Yes, it is true to say. I mean, the headline has been all the

way along the lines, a group of top South African businessmen. One

could hardly regard three as being representatives of the top businessmen.

But did you tap opinion of top businessmen? Where were all the others,

and where are their comments, their criticism, or their applause now?

[Bloom] Well, I think for the meeting to be productive in any sense, it

had to be kept small in the first instance. A wider spectrum of businessmen

were invited. Some, unfortunately, could not make the particular date in

question. But we had no mandate to speak on anybody's behalf, nor, indeed,

did we represent ourselves at the meeting as doing so.

[Doigt] Have you a sense of satisfaction or achievement following the

meeting? What comment would you make?

[Bloom] I think it was an extremely constructive meeting. If I think

back on it, I think the thing that struck me most was that there was a

total absence of animosity, a total absence of hostility--something that

surprised me, because I had expected a much tougher stance. It was a

discussion which, as I have said, has broken the ice. I think that it

was conducted in a sane and a rational manner, and hopefully it can set

the stage for future meetings, to take place to examine some of the very

complex issues, which we were only able to skirt over in a very superficial fashion, at a later date. Nothing, I might add, has been arranged

in that regard.

[Doigt] You are taking a very firm, almost bombastic, action, reaction,

to what I am asking you this evening. Does this indicate, Mr Bloom, that

you have come in for a lot of highly voiced criticism?

[Bloom] Well, of course, as you pointed out earlier, there are two sides

to the question as to whether or not we should have gone in the first

place. I can only say that the overwhelming consensus of opinion which

has reached my ears, personally--and maybe that is because people like

to be nasty when they talk to you--has been in favor of the meeting,

and it comes from a very wide spectrum of political thought.

[Doigt] Leon Louw, may we have your comments, please, on the talks that

have taken place?

106
[Leon Louw, Executive of the Free Market Foundation] Well, there are a

number of objectives, the assumption is that this is political negotiation,

and I agree that a handful of business people representing themselves do

not have that authority. But let me say that we in the Free Market

Foundation have for some years now been meeting with ANC and SWAPO people,

as we do with all other interest groups, from the far right to the far

left, because the business community, or the people for a market economy,

need to--apart from making the situation as conducive as they can to

their own interests, it could be argued that it is a duty to their shareholders--that they reach some kind of accord or accomodation with people

that are trying to destabilize the economy here. But apart from that,

they need to influence people who have an opposing ideology, and what has

come out of these discussions is they want to nationalize one of the

companies that was represented there and certainly a great deal more.

A massive wealth redistribution. And the message has to be communicated

to them that this is not in the interests of their own objectives. So,

there is a case to be made for business people in their own interests

establishing communication, whichwe have been doing, and will continue

to do. Not with the leaders whom they met, but with internal and, perhaps,

lower order or external people, and with radical trade union people.

So, that has to be done, and I think also the point should be made that

it is often said that a precondition to negotiation is that there should

be a cessation of violence. But perhaps a precondition to ending the

violence is that there should be negotiation.

[Doigt] Would you pick that up, Mr Bloom?

[Bloom] Yes, certainly, I do believe that absolutely. I mean, we made

it very clear to the ANC that we have an abhorence of violence, that

business in no sense could condone violence, and that we. believed in the

politics of negotiation. We abhorred violence, whether it is the violence

of left or of the right, of the violence of any state. And that was made

clear in unequivocal terms to the leaders of the ANC.

[Doigt] And what was their reaction to that? They continue to uphold the

idea of violence.

[Bloom] Well, there was a long sort of philosophical and historical

debate as to how they arrived at the point .at which they believed that

violence was their only alternative, and it was very interesting, and I

can understand that point of view. But we could never accept that point

of view. We firmly believe in negotiation, and I think what was necessary

at that point was to try to convey an impression that we in South Africa

were willing to create the climate for negotiations to take place between

the government and themselves at a later stage.

[Doigt] This is the object behind it, then. Initially we were talking

about businessmen getting together, presumably having more meetings, to

create a climate. But what about creating a mutual agreement, in terms

of ideology, that there can be some type of compromise between capitalism,

107
free enterprise, and nationalizing of commerce and industry? Do you hope

to find some average mean, and then to continue from there, and at a later

stage, government will be brought into these negotiations?

[Bloom] Well, I think that at this point in time it is fair to say that

each side differed fundamentally on the question of an economic policy.

We are firm believers in the system of free enterprise, they are firm

believers in the system of nationalization although I must say that the

discussion on nationalization was made, as Leon Louw has said, in the

context of a-redistribution of wealth, and ideas such as a 51 percent

nationalization were put forward. There was none ofthe usual MarxistLeninist doctrine that the people have to own the means of production,

and that sort of thing. So 1 think that is an issue on which concillation

is possible, and that it is possible to get people to move positions.

[Doigt] Thank you. Gentlemen, thank you for coming to participate in a

discussion which could only hope to continue along a fairly controversial

road. Thank you.

CSO: 3400/1147

108
SOUTH AFRICA

RADIO REPORTS CANADIAN MEASURES AGAINST RSA

MB140612 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 14 Sep 85

[Text] The Canadian Government has announced a voluntary ban on loans and

sales of crude oil to South Africa and has imposed an embargo on direct

flights between the two countries. Other measures include the appointment of

a public servant to administer the voluntary code of conduct for employment

practices of Canadian businesses operating in South Africa, and an additional

2.4 million rand in aid to the families of detainees and prisoners held in

terms of security legislation. The Canadian Government also intends setting

up a registry of companies and individuals who impose their own sanctions on

the South African Government.

The Canadian minister of foreign affairs, Mr Joe Clark, said in Ottawa that

his government would impose further sanctions unless there was real movement

towards reform. Canada was even prepared to invoke total sanctions if there

was no change in apartheid policy. However, he felt that diplomatic and

economic relations should be maintained as long as possible even though the

two governments might disagree.

CSO: 3400/1134

109
SOUTH AFRICA

RADIO FREEDOM COMMENTS ON NEED TO STEP UP STRUGGLE

LD142111 Addis Ababa Radio Freedom in English to South Africa 1930 GMT

13 Sep 85

[Station commentary]

[Text] Compatriots! The announcement made 2 days ago by the apartheid

ringleader, Pieter.Botha, that his regime now recognizes the right of the

African people of this country to citizenship and those of the so-called

independent bantustans to what Botha called dual citizenship, was just

another attempt by this apartheid regime to dampen the fighting spirit of

our people. The recommendation announced by one of Botha's commissions

that the regime should scrap the hated pass laws was also another side of

the same coin.

It has dawned on the racists that for them to entrench and safeguard

apartheid, they need to do away with some of the laws and practices whose

continued maintenance will serve the opposite. The racists are not doing

away with these laws because they have suddenly experienced a change of

heart, or, as imperialists would like us to believe, that apartheid is

on its way out. These oppressors are scrapping these laws because they

realize that they are now useless in the maintenance of white minority

domination.

In the first place, dear compatriots, all these laws which are about to

be scrapped today were brought about by the colonial regime. It was the

racist Pretoria regime which stripped the African people of this country

of their citizenship and imposed bantustan citizenship over us. Even

these bantustans themselves were brought about by this regime. The pass

laws were products of apartheid rule. They are not natural. The same

applies to the immorality act and political interference act. All of them

emanated from the regime. So, when the enemy decides to remove them that

is their own business. Our struggle is not a struggle for the repeal of

this or that apartheid law. We are not sacrificing our lives because we

want to be recognized as South Africans and that is all. We have always

been South Africans. We have never in the past regarded ourselves as

Transkeians or Ciskeians. We have always regarded ourselves as South

African as the white people themselves. So, when Botha decides that now

he is going to recognize our right to South African citizenship that is

his own business.

110
But what kind of citizenship is that without political rights? What kind

of citizens are we that cannot be voted into the central Parliament,

citizens that cannot participate in the central general elections? If

Botha thinks that by accepting our right to citizenship he is making us

a favor, it is time we told him that he is fooling himself. It is a

high time that he realizes that what we are fighting for is the right to

govern our country as full citizens.

Turning to this issue of the phasing away of the hated and genocidal pass

laws, it is important to note here that these laws were there to ensure

that we remain slaves under white domination. These laws were serving to

maintain white minority domination. We were not oppressed by pass laws

alone. These laws came about with the colonial regime. They are the

product of apartheid. Our struggle is not against the manifestation of

apartheid, but it is against the system itself in its entirety. If the

racists want to scrap some of their laws so as to enable themselves to

dominate us in a different way, so will [words indistinct] these questions,

but what we are saying is that that is not what we are fighting for.

Our struggle is for a peoples' government based on the will of all the

people, a government based on one man one vote in a united South Africa.

We are opposed to the pass laws. We are against the stripping of citizenship from some of the citizens of our country. We are equally opposed

to the immorality and political interference acts, but all these are the

manifestations of apartheid. They are not the central issue, the issue of

political power.

Today, fellow countrymen, when the enemy is all out using all methods and

tricks in his bag, we have to focus our attention on the main issue of

our time, the concept of putting before ourselves the real thing we want.

It must dominate our thinking. When we say we want to destroy the

apartheid system and establish a democratic government based on the will

of all the people, we mean it.

It is also important for us to realize that all these so-called reforms

have one thing in common: They all emanate from the colonizers. The

oppressors are removing some of their worn-out chains so as to tie us

tightly.

On the other hand, dear compatriots, these so-called reforms are coming

today because of the intensification of our armed struggle. The enemy

is doing this today, because he can no longer rule in the same old way.

He can no longer dominate us by using pass laws, immorality and political

interference acts. The racists can no longer maintain their domination

by depriving us of our right to citizenship of this country. That is

why they are now trying to rule differently. We must not give them that

chance.

111
We have managed to render a large part of our country ungovernable. We

have succeeded in breaking down the machinery of apartheid domination to

an extent when the enemy can no longer rule in the same old way. Our task

now is not to allow him to rule even in a new way. This means that we

must intensify our campaign of rendering our country ungovernable and the

apartheid system inoperative. We must escalate the drive of spreading

our war of liberation into white areas. The sabotage campaign in our

places of employment must be intensified. These maneuvers by the enemy

are a pointer to the fact that our struggle is having a telling effect

on the enemy. So, let us intensify it. Botha is not doing these things

because he is still in control but it is because he is getting weaker

and weaker. He is trying to regain control of the situation, so we must

not give him the chance. The liberation war must be intensified.

Let us close the underground ranks of Umkhonto We Sizwe and confront the

enemy, using modern weapons of war. Our watchword must be: Let us heighten

our vigilance and march forward to additional victories! Forward to the

liberation war! Down with Botha's empty reforms! (Tinako Ishomi)!

CSO: 3400/1147

112
SOUTH AFRICA

POLICE RELEASE NAMES OF THOSE ARRESTED

MB091213 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1203 GMT 9 Sep 85

[Text] Pretoria, 9 Sep (SAPA)--Police have said that 253 more people

were arrested by the end of last week under the emergency, bringing to

2,667 the total number of people detained since the emergency was introduced 7 weeks ago.

According to police lists of the detainees, 456 more of the prisoners

have been released, up from 1,306 the previous week.

A total of 905 people remain in detention, according to the lists.

The people detained, up to Friday last week were named as (the numbering

follows SAPA's earlier lists):

Name Race/Sex Magisterial District

2415. Johannes Mose B/M JHB [Johannesburg]

2416. Henri Rako B/M JHB

2417. Horack Diphoko B/M JHB

2418. Basil Makeri B/M JHB

2419. Patrick Mkhwanmuzi B/M JHB

2420. Strike Kumalo B/M JHB

2421. Samuel Maseko B/M JHB

2422. Mandla Mabaso B/M JHB

2423. David Kunene B/M JHB

2424. Herman Vilakazi B/M JHB

2425. Comfort Ngema B/M JHB

2426. Ephraim Mnizi B/M JHB

2427. Welcome Mzangwa B/M JHB

2428. Gerald Modikeng B/M JHB

2429. Sydwell Sele B/M JHB

2430. Sydwell Mkwanzi B/M JHB

2431. Clemment Lando B/M JHB

2432. Basil Nkutha B/M JHB

2433. Phillip Swane B/M JHB

2434. Antony Mnada B/M JHB

2435. Tembu Bhengu B/M JHB

113
Name Race/Sex Magisterial .District

2436. Howard Khanibule B/M JHB

2437. Paul Zondi B/M JHB

2438. John Sebane B/M JHB

2439. Sydney Masindi B/M JHB

2440. Randolph Jones C/M JHB

2441. Joseph Mzimkabani B/N Heidelberg

2442. Lazarus Ilholwe B/M JHB,

2443. Brain Sejobe B/M JHB

2444. Isaac Notsogi B/M JHB

2445. George Manthata B/N JUB

2446. Johannes Mokoena B/M JHB

2447. Themba Gama B/M JHB

2448. Elias Mabaso B/M JHB

2449. Mandla Mkwanazi B/N JHB,

2450. Julius Siboklakhe B/N JHB

2451. Rochena Mokotha B/F Vanderbiljpark

2452. Angelina Nifako, B/F Vanderbiljpark

2453. Kenneth Mbotigo B/M Vanderbiljpark

2454. Paulina Dovenhuis B/F Vanderbiljpark

2455. Esta Nofokeng B/F Vanderbiljpark

2456. Jeremiah Nhlabathu B/M Vanderbiljpark

2457. Samuel Nhlampi B/M Vanderbiljpark

2458. Catherine Bele B/F Vanderbiljpark

2459. Philip Nasewtenuane B/M Vanderbiljpark

2460. Miriam Tladi B/F Vanderbiljpark

2461. Awwa Mphuti B/F Vanderbiljpark

2462. Maria Mosia B/F Vanderbiljpark

2463. Sarah Olifant B/F Vanderbiljpark

2464. Allen Makhutle B/F Vanderbiljpark

2465. Jeremiah Phale B/M Vanderbiljpark

2466. Ernest Motipe B/M Vanderbiljpark

2467. William Nhlapo B/M Vanderbiljpark

2468. David Masiphe B/N Vanderbiljpark

2469. Willemina Letoto B/F Vanderbiljpark

2470. Terisa Nofumisi B/F Vanderbiljpark

2471. Bettie Nokopese B/F Vanderbiljpark

2472. Pather Ragubathee A/M PE [Port Elizabeth]

2473. Cecil Nafana B/N Uitenhage

2474. Nzukizi Singata B/M Uitenhage

2475. Numbiso Nixu B/N Uitenhage

2476. David Njaneza B/M PE'

2477. Danny Natebe B/N PE

2478. Makaya Mangali B/N PE

2479. Zandisile Tshayi B/N PE

2480. Lizalise Qhakamfane B/M PE

2481. Patrick Nasango B/N PE

2482. Elvis Qhinga B/M PE

2483. Michael Nasango B/M PE

2484. Michael Siphingo B/N PE

114
Name. Race/Sex Magisterial District

2485. Mzingisi Kula B/N PE

2486. Npumolelo Nakisa B/M BE

2487. Lumbabmo Kondile B/N BE

2488. Nzwaneke Nani B/M BE

2489. Khulale Cawe B/N PE

2490. Erich Nani PI E

2491. Khamamedhu Bawana B/N PE

2492. Kenneth Yeko B/M PE

2493. Erick Nala B/N PE

2494. Zelinzima Ntengo BIM PE

2495. Welcome Nakhaleni B/N PE

2496. Alfred Zibi B/M PE

2497. Sonwabela Nkobeni B/N PE

2498. Sipho Goulwane B/N Uitenhage

2499. Nzwaneke Laxa B/N PE

2500. Sidwell Gantso B/N BE

2501. Lizo Solomon B/F BE

2502. Lothado Nquinje B/N BE

2503. Ruren Nalgas B/N BE

2504. Berere Malikamka B/N BE

2505. Sepho Kener B/N Uitenhage

2506. Nzandile Ntshod B/N Uitenhage

2507. Eric Silelika B/N Uitenhage

2508. Zandiselo Nhanhana B/N Uitenhage

2509. Zilezi Nhanhana B/N Uitenhage

2510. Tembile Nhanhana B/N Uitenhage

2511. Situembiso Tsenene B/N Uitenhage

2512. Nnedisi Nhanhana B/N Uitenhage

2513. Xola Nhanhana B/N Uitenhage

2514. Zantudcolo Tose B/N Uitenhage

2515. Bubangeni Gola B/N Uitenhage

2516. Tembikile Qorluns B/N Uitenhage

2517. Bhumzeci Nenani B/N Uitenhage

2518. Monde Natodlane B/N Uitenhage

2519. Seohlerb Nopakel B/N Kempton Bark

2520. Noses Nneini B/N Kempton Bark

2521. Dabot Khoza B/N Kempton Bark

2522. Amarota Amanla B/N Kempton Bark

2523. Symop Siyotile B/N Kempton Bark

2524. Ismael Setla B/N Kempton Bark

2525. Aaron Nosikare B/N JHB

2526. Sambo Nhlanhla B/N JHB

2527. Bongani Nlotha B/N Vanderbiljpark

2528. Alicestacia Scoble C/F JHB

2529. Anastatia Julius C/F JIB

2530. Rozetta Davids C/F JHB

2531. Martha Lee C/F JHB

2532. Muriel Sokkie C/F JHB

2533. Irwin Langeveld C/N JUB

115
Name Race/Sex Magisterial District

2534. Owen Phillips C/M JHB

2535. Kurt Smith C/M JHB

2536. Phillemon Zazingi B/M Uitenhage

2537. Jackson Male B/M Uitenhage

2538. Elk Mashe B/M Fort Beaufort

2539. Vuanie Makie B/M Fort Beaufort

2540. Nkalise Ningi B/M Fort Beaufort

2541. Tuku Ketan B/M Grahamstown

2542. Vusumzi Zembretha B/M Albany

2543. Jacob Kgatle B/M Randburg

2544. Olie Mafoko B/M Randburg

2545. Hamilton Raka B/M PE

2546. Kopman Njalo B/M PE

2547. Ponselle Khapy B/M PE

2548. Mondi Kati B/M PE

2549. Tnok Tabata B/M PE

2550. Josef Makese B/M Uitenhage

2551. Jostah Sibanyani B/M Springs

2552. Jomo Malasa B/M Springs

2553. Joseph Malasa B/M Springs

2554. Joseph Malasa B/M Springs

2555. Petrus Mabutwla B/M Springs

2556. Zeblon Sebone B/M Springs

2557. Norman Gugaza B/M Springs

2558. Anton Zkalala B/M Springs

2559. Oupa Myase B/M Springs

2560. Oupa Ohlamini B/M Springs

2561. Sipho Mbonane B/M Springs

2562. Jarko Juselins W/M JHB

2563. Bonesile Mbikane B/M Grahamstown

2564. Douglas Ntlaki B/M Uitenhage

2565. Zozile Lozaan B/M Uitenhage

2566. Daniel Morane B/M Vanderbiljpark

2567. John Khoboto B/M Vanderbiljpark

2568. Phillip Monato B/M Vanderbiljpark

2569. Victor Moqekoa B/M Vanderbiljpark

2570. Frans Mhakaze B/M Vanderbiljpark

2571. Daniel Zelishe B/M Vanderbiljpark

2572. Andrics Machobane1 B/M Vanderbiljpark

2573. Facob Ngwenja B/M Vanderbiljpark

2574. Sagaria Molebatse B/M Vanderbiljpark

2575. Rebecca Mohaneng B/F Vanderbiljpark

2576. John Moribane B/M Vanderbiljpark

2577. Abraham Qhubeka B/M Vanderbiljpark

2578. Adam Tsektsi B/M Vanderbiljpark

2579. John Hubo B/M Vanderbiljpark

2580. Daniel Litansu B/M Vanderbiljpark

2581. Kleinboy Shabalala B/M Vereeniging

2582. Fazel Guza B/M Benoni

116
Name Race/Sex Magisterial District

2583. Petrus Mnguwu B/M Benoni

2584. Elias Mlene B/N Benoni

2585. Alfred Malowezi B/N Benoni

2586. Albert Leotlela B/N Benoni

2587. Daniel Nolhela B/M Benoni

2588. Wilson Masango B/N Benoni

2589. Nelson Ngwenya B/M Benoni

2590. Joseph Smith B/M Vanderbiljpark

2591. Elliot Nahlatsi B/N Vanderbiljpark

2592. Thamsange Zonde B/M Vereeniging

2593. Bol Tembiso B/M Vereeniging

2594. Ruben Mihixokhu B/M Vereeniging

2595. Soliobo Thomson B/M Vereeniging

2596. Daniel Dabuka B/M Vereeniging

2597. Tammu Nolefe B/M Vereeniging

2598. Johannes Naseolo B/M Vanderbiljpark

2599. Kanyiso Tonjeni. B/N Vanderbiljpark

2600. Mthunzi Mashiya B/M Vanderbiljpark

2601. Isaac Mafeka B/M Vanderbiljpark

2602. Joel Motsiri B/N Vanderbiljpark

2603. David Ntsane B/M Vanderbiljpark

2604. Petrus Tsoari BlM Vanderbiljpark

2605. Stephen Nofokeng B/M Vanderbiljpark

2606. Johannes Shabalala B/M Vanderbiljpark

2607. William Molebatsi B/N Vanderbiljpark

2608. Solomon Button B/N Vanderbiljpark

2609. Daniel Nakhole B/M Vanderbiljpark

2610. Isaiah Senjane. B/N Vanderbiljpark

2611. James Glanka B/M Vanderbiljpark

2612. Maphutsi Albeneo B/N Vanderbiljpark

2613. Lazarus Nareletse B/M Vanderbiljpatk

2614. Fimmon Letsitsa B/N Vanderbiljpark

2615. Louis Nalope B/M Vanderbiljpark

2616. Solomon Pooe B/M Vanderbiljpark

2617. Bonisele Mbikanye B/M Albany

2618. Douglas N-tali B/N Uitenhage

2619. Zokile Lozaan B/N Uitenhage

2620. Alfred Nose B/M Gradock

2621. Fana Makhwangu BlM Uitenhage

2622. Michael Teki B/M Kempton Park

2623. Shiba Mondlane B/N JHB

2624. Jafta Taupedi B/M JHB

2625. Menzi Zondo B/N Randburg

2626. Titus.Mgaga ElM Randburg

2627. Alfred Nose B/N Cradock

2628. Tamsanqa Menze B/N Uitenhage

2629. Michael Teki B/N Uitenhage

2630. Christiaan Nbekela B/N Albany

2631. Mlungisi Wilfred BlM Albany

117
Name Race/Sex Magisterial District

2632. Vera Sibanyoni B/M Benoni

2633. Maxwell Malati B/M Uitenhage

2634. Vuyyani Dwebisa B/M Albany

2635. Welcome Hompe B/M Uitenhage

2636. Mbuyisile Makeleni B/M Uitenhage

2637. Bamanin Billin B/M Uitenhage

2638. Eric Qubune B/M Uitenhage

2639. Mkhuseu Duira B/M Uitenhage

2640. Masau Dyubhle B/M PE

2641. Tembu Bani B/M PE

2642. John Qorum B/M PE

2643. Tembani Dyable B/M PE

2644. Maveto Qubele B/M PE

2645. Mtsangani Christopher B/M PE

2646. Mzingi Mbikawa B/M PE

2647. Ntsikelelo Madaro B/M PE

2648. Mpehi Shighwi B/M PE

2649. Zogile Bambiso B/M PE

2650. Tutuzi Buku B/M PE

2651. Sisa.Bonga B/M PE

2652. George Ngengane B/M PE

2653. Nkosipethu.Tomose B/M PE

2654. Cedric Mhlango B/M Springs

2655. Bethual Nkwena B/M Springs

2656. Sundau Nkambile B/M Springs

2657. Dicks Matona B/M Springs

2658. Mau Bondemta B/M Springs

2659. Amos Tabete B/M Springs

2660. Sipho Tabete B/M Springs

2661. Mauritius Fatasa B/M Springs

2662. Jauna Mahgabutsban B/M Springs

2663. Aaron Tuyane B/M Springs

2664. Jeremia Mbange B/M Springs

2665. Gordon Duna B/M Springs

2666. Salome Kupaune B/F Springs

2667. Phupepha Nkosi B/F Springs

CSO: 3400/1145

118
SOUTH AFRICA

SABC CORRUPTION CHARGES GROW, POLICE INVESTIGATION

Officials Alleged To Be Involved

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 26 Aug 85 p 15

[Article by Andrew Walker]

[Text]

Some of the local productions seen on "But, in fact, the actor is being paid only R100

South African television are putting by the production company - and the company

huge and sometimes illegal profits into is pocketing the extra R50."

the pockets of production officials, A "call" could be for one day's work.

sources have told The Star. Similarly, the fees for wardrobe managers

And some SABC officials have been ac- could be be inflated. And for camera crews.

cused of joining in illegal deals, including The same source claimed to have seen a sixthe acceptance of bribes. ' man crew on location when the SABC was billed

for a 10-man crew.

Several private production house officials Ths allegan o fb i i

have made fortunes - with disgruntled em- These allegations of rip-offs by private firms,

ployees claiming that much of this success is due revealed in a weekend investigation by The

to shady deals. Star, come at the same time as claims of corruption within the SABC unveiled by Sunday HOW IT'S DONE Star reporter Kitt Katzin.

A producer of privately made TV material, The Sunday Star said that Mr Riaan Ekstipulating that he should not be named for fear steen, director-general of the SABC, had

of losing future contracts, last night described launched an immediate investigation into allegahow big profits were supposedly reaped from tions of bribery and corruption at the SABC.

SABC contracts without the majority of the pri- The newspaper has given Mr Eksteen details

vate company employees getting their "fair" of affidavits, secret tape-recording transcripts

share of the fees charged. and other documents relating to the scandal.

Production house executives making material The SABC is considering suspending operafor TV 1, TV 2 and TV 3 would inflate their con- tions with at least one production company if it

tract prices. is established by the police, or by the SABC, that

On their contracts the production houses staff members were improperly involved in the

would greatly inflate bills by, for example, dou- afffairs of the company.

bling the "take ratio". Allegations of corruption within the SABC inInstead of telling the SABC that, for every clude:

three "takes" of a scene filmed on location, one * Payments or loans to SABC officials by film

was suitable for broadcast, the SABC would be production company executives.

told it took, on average, six "takes". * Evidence of officials attempting to pass on

Another alleged rip-off, which has greatly an- new contracts to certain production houses with

gered local actors and actresses, is the sup- which they are said to have close connections.

posed inflation of performers' fees. * Irregular payments to SABC personnel doing

"I have seen bills presented to the SABC in freelance or private work.

which an actor is said to have been paid R150 a * Contraventions of regulations in regard to

call," said a private production official, staff members setting up or conducting private

business without the authority of the SABC.

119
0 Misuse of SABC equipment. In at least one

case a sophisticated tape recorder was used to

record sound effects in a game park.

0 The use of video equipment to record the

opening of a new Johannesburg disco.

• Technicians being paid for using SABC equipment for repairs at production houses.

EKSTEEN STATEMENT

In a statement, Mr Eksteen said:

"Whatever you have told me, and whatever

might be true, I do not accept, condone or tolerate any action within or involving the SABC

which is not in accordance with the rules and

regulations of the corporation, or within the

rules of civilisedconduct or the laws of the country.

. "Machinery will be put into effect immediately to investigate all the allegations brought to

my attention.

"Accordingly, if anyone within, or involved

with, the SABC is proved to be guilty of, or responsible for, not making relevant information

known through proper channels so that appropriate action could have been taken, I will act."

SABC Conducting Own Investigation

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 27 Aug 85 p 1

[Article by Andrew Walker and Mike Cohen]

[Text]

The police ifivestigatlon into allegations of eorruipt1on.

,at the SABC "is like an octopus - it has lots of arms",

says Brigadier bries van den Heever, Divisional CID

Chief for the Witwatersrand.

He was commenting on the probe into claims which:

Include some that film company executives have made payments or loans to SABC officials.

It has also been alleged that SABC equipment has been used.

without official sanction to make television material privately.

The Sunday Star reported that It had been alleged that sound

equipment and cameras had been used illegally on at least

two occasions.

Since then The Star has been told that sophis- panies have been hit hard by the recession, and

ticated SABC video editing equipment has also speak of the strict accounting practices at the

been used privately on occasion - inside the SABC and delays at times in getting payments,

SABC headquarters at Auckland Park. some production houses are alleged to have made

It is allegedly used at night, with R500 being big profits from SABC contracts in recent years.

the "going rate". Using SABC equipment cuts Last night The Star was shown documents

editing costs considerably. One source said costs which purport to prove that one production house

could be halved, had made hundreds of thousands of rands in

Another facet of the alleged corruption inside "extra" profit, allegedly not declared to the

the television production Industry are supposedly SABC.

inflated bills which some production companies The documents show, for example, that for the

have tendered to the SABC. production of a drama series the SABC was told

While many freelancers and production com- that actors' salaries were R170 000. According to

120
* other documents, the total actors' bill was 'oyed some technicians.

R80 000. In its latest newsletter

"The production came in ahead of time," a to members, the SA Film

source said, "so the company did make some le- and Television Technigitimate savingq on actors' pay. But to make cians Association said:

R90 000 means that money has been taken out of "Fully-employed SABC

actors' pockets". technicians were still

For-the same production, crew's salaries on the taking on freelance work,

contract approved by the SABC were about and the incoming council

R200 000. The amount allegedly paid by the com- '(of the association) must

pany was R70 000. once again take this up

The source spoke to The Star on condition I with the SABC."

that the production was not identified. He feared Meanwhile the SABC is

that it would give away his identity. conducting its own invesFreelance work by SABC staffers has also an- tigation into allegations

of corruption within the

corporation.

SABC Director-Geneial Mr Riaan Eksteen said

in a statement that the

corporation was contactIing organisations with

which it was doing business to ensure that all

dealings are aboveboard.

He appealed to SABC.

employees and the Press

to report irregularities. ". "The sooner it is realised that only the SABC - now in collaboration

*with the police - can

solve the ills of the corporation, the better it

will be for, everyone," he

said. He added that he had

previously asked staffers

to bring any irregularities to his attention - in

person or through anonymous letter.

CSO: 3400/1091

121
SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKAANS TEACHERS EXPECTED TO OPPOSE CENTRAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 1 Sep 85 p 16

ZTexf .

ANY.MOVE to establish a central educa-.

tional department for all races seems likely

to meet with determined resistance from

Afrikaans-speaking teachers.

Due warning of this has been given by Professor Hennie Maree, chairman of the

powerful and often recalcitrant Transvaalse

Onderwysersvereniging.

Professor Maree, as reported in Die Vaderland, said the "bureaucratic bullies who

are now working in a calculating way on

models of this kind" must take notice that

Afrikaner, teachersmwould not accept them.

Although there could be differences of

opinion on many matters, a crack In the

walls of the professional unity of

Afrikaner teachers could not be

afforded, declared Professor

Maree.

"Ideologically we do not differ,

and it is up to us to make the

Afrikaner child feel secure in

this world where everyone Wants

to blame the Afrikaner for what,

• is supposed to be wrong."

Even ano6fig Afrikaners, said:

i°Professor Maree, there were

those who were prepared to regard the principle that education

must be an "own affair" as nego- i

tiable.

CSO: 3400/1113

122
SOUTH AFRICA

ARMY'S RANKS HIT BY TOWNSHIP ROLE

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 4 Sep 85 p 3

/5exft The number of young men failing to register for military service had

jumped "dramatically" since the SADF entered the townships, End Conscription

Campaign (ECC) Press officer David Shandler told a public meeting in Cape

Town yesterday.

Speaking to about 250 people in St. George's Cathedral a~ll., he said this drop

in registrations showed that a growing number of whites realised it was no good

looking to the National Party for answers.

"For the whole of last year, 1,596 men failed to register with the SADF. In

the January intake of this year, just three months after the troops entered

the townships, a figure of 7,589 was recorded. The ECC believes this is in

large part a direct result of troops being deployed in the townships."

A South African Defence Force spokesman said in Pretoria: "As was originally

announced by the Minister of Defence, General Magnus Malan, a total of 7,589

persons failed to report initially for national service in January 1985.

"More than 6,000 of these persons were students who were automatically allocated

to the July call-up, or received deferrment on the grounds of studies."

A final total of 1,321 persons failed to report, of wh6m 890 did not advise the

SADF of their change of address and did not receive call-up papers, he said.

At the public meeting in Cape Town, Shandler also said the ECC had embarked on

a "Troops out of the Townships" campaign, which would include a fast, from

September 17 to October 7 by Crossroads doctor and ECC member Dr. Ivan Toms,

in the cathedral.

CSO: 34oo/1104

123
SOUTH AFRICA

MEDICAL RESEARCH TEAM IDENTIFY TEAR GAS SUBSTITUTE

Pretoria ARMED FORCES in English Aug 85 p 29

/Text The South African Brain Research Institute is engaged in a number of

research projects including investigations into alcohol and drug abuse. The

Institute under the Director, Dr. Mark Gillman, BDS, MSc, DSc, receives

support from a number of leading South African Corporations.

A medical research organisation has conceived a new and highly effective

method for use in riot or hijack situations.

Instead of the conventional tear gas which has a number of undesirable effects,

the new method uses a combination of gases aimed at reducing hostility and

hysteria when it is inhaled.

The South African Brain Research Institute plans to embark on a series of field

trials of what it calls The Crowdcure Method in the near future. The Institute

has released advanced details to alert overseas governments, airlines and police

forces who are urgently seeking more effective ways of dealing with hijackings

and such crowd control problems as hooliganism at soccer matches.

"We hope that a number of countries and organisations will co-operatewith us

in testing what we are confident will prove to be the most humane and effective

way of dealing with aggressive crowds or terrorist units," says SABRI Director,

Dr. Mark Gillman.

"We came upon the Crowdcure concept when evaluating the extensive work completed

already by SABRI into the use of gases -- notably nitrous oxide and oxygen --

in treating alcoholism, drug addition, stress and certain psychiatric disorders.

Particularly relevant is the way that nitrous oxide has been shown to reduce

craving and hostility in the treatment of over 2,000 alcoholics at the Rand

Aid-SABRI clinic in Johannesburg.

"Nitrous oxide and oxygen reduce tension and aggression, which is why they are

so effective in the nursing of patients suffering from mental health and addiction problems. Tear gas, in contrast, increases aggressive tendencies -- it is

an antagonist and can inflame a delicate situation, It must be used almost as a

last resort when normal physical control methods have failed.

124
"The researchers believe that the SABRI combination of gases can be used earlier

than tear gas in a developing potentially dangerous situation. It might avert a

riot before the mood of the crowd is inflamed beyond the point of no return."

SABRI staff have studied video recording of the tragic rioting by Liverpool

supporters in Brussels, which has provided a unique opportunity to observe the

phenomenon of how mass hysteria develops in a crowd.

"We believe that the timely use of nitrous oxide in Brussels might have saved

several lives," says Dr. Gillman. "Both the developing mood of the spectators at

the match and the physical situation in the stadium were conducive to the effective distribution of the gas so that hostility and panic behaviour among spectators could have been reduced,

"The efficiency of the technique in more open situations, such as street violence

in the townships, might be less because the wide roads and low, single-storey

buildings, would allow the gas to disperse more quickly. However, the use of

nitrous oxide as a first step before resorting to the more drastic tear gas

has a great deal to recommend it.

"The after-effects of tear gap can be quite serious and from both humane and

practical points of view there are many advantages in using nitrous oxide."

Dr. Gillman will not comment onhow the SABRI method could be deployed in airline hijacking situations because of the security implications.

"However, we think it could represent a breakthrough in combatting this particularly nasty aspect of international terrorism," the SABRI Director says.

"Crowdcure equipment in airliners could combat a hijack attempt in the air

with minimal risk to passengers and crew."

CS0: 3400/1104

125
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

MERCENARIES HIRED--Members of the Northern Ireland police force, the Ulster

Defense Regiment [UDR], are said to have been offered jobs as mercenaries

by South Africa. As Neil Grantham reports, a South African agent is

reported to be taking advantage of the fact that the UDR members are

disillusioned in their work: [Grantham] UDR morale is said to have

plummeted recently with fears that the force could be disbanded if London

and Dublin reach a political or security deal on Northern Ireland.

Talks on such a deal are reportedly approaching a climax. Police sources

in Belfast say the South African is trying to take advantage of the low

morale by attempting to recruit men with antiterrorist training. The

man has been named as Johan van Back. He has been posing as a tourist

and is offering disillusioned members of the UDR high wages to go to South

Africa, but the work is extremely dangerous. The police sources say five

men who did go to South Africa to fight have been killed in recent years.

[Text] [Umtata Capital Radio in English 0500 GMT 16 Sep 85]

FREE STATE 'WHITE FATHERLAND'--The leader of the Conservative Party, CP,

Dr Andries Treurnicht, says the Orange Free State, OFS, is more than just

a province. It is a white fatherland. Speaking at a public meeting at

Oudtshoorn at the beginning of the Cape Congress of his party, Dr Treurnicht

referred to the National Party's decision to abolish legislation restricting

Indians from the OFS. He said the OFS was not everybody's land, and that

the CP would retain it for whites. Dr Treurnicht said that black domination

would follow if citizenship was granted to the inhabitants of the national

and independent states. Such action would mean that the whites had

abdicated. He said whites were heavily taxed and other groups should bear

a greater financial responsibility for their own welfare and expenditure.

[Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 14 Sep 85]

DUNCAN VILLAGE UPGRADING--East London, 13 Sep (SAPA)--Between R10 million

and Rll million would be spent on upgrading Duncan village township, the

chairman of the East London Community Council, Mrs Mabel Mdaka, said yesterday in a statement. She said the government had made R300,000 available

for the detailed design of the upgrading programme. "This figure represents

only the beginning of a capital investment which will be in the region of

R1O million to Rll million." The government announced last month that

Duncan Village and Ziphunzana townships would be retained and upgraded,

126
and that a 99-year leasehold would apply. The statement said the money

would be spent on upgrading roads, streets, storm water drainage, sewerage,

water reticulation and electricity to about 970 sites in the existing

residential area and 2,000 sites in the proposed extension of the area.

Tenders had been awarded for the construction of a high tension electricity

network and the erection of high mast lighting. She said the work had

already started. "It is the council's intention to involve the residents

in the planning and upgrading. A circular will be distributed to each

household in which an invitation to participate will be extended to the

residents. The details of the manner in which this participation can take

place will be fully outlined in the circular." [Text] [Johannesburg

SAPA in English 0631 GMT 13 Sep 85]

IMMIGRATION RATE IN SOUTH AFRICA--South Africa had a net immigration gain of

519 people in May this year, laccording to Central Statistical Services in

Pretoria. The number of immigrants totalled 1,636,' which included 1,036 people

who had arrived as visitors at one time or another, and since become approved

immigrants, it said in a statement. The number of emigrants who left South

Africa totalled 1,117. Also in May, South Africa received 47,559 visitors

from other countries while 46,648 South Africans left on overseas trips.

f5exg fohannesburg THE STAR in English 27 Aug 85 p

AGREEMENT ON SINGLE POWER NETWORK--Energy ministers of the SATBVC states

(South Africa, Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei) agreed in principle at a meeting in Pretoria yesterday that a single network of electricity

supply and power stations be established for all five states. Power stations

would be located according to the availability of resources, such as coal, the

South African Minister of Mineral and Energy Affairs, Mr Danie Steyn, said

after the meeting. Although the decision had only been taken in principle,

it meant that future power stations need not necessarily be built within the

borders of South Africa itself, he said. (Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN

in English 6 Sep 85 p 13]

CSO: 3400/1091

127
SWAZILAND

BBC INTERVIEWS BANK CHIEF ON CURRENCY PROBLEMS

MB060947 London BBC World Service in English 1515 GMT 5 Sep 85

[Text] South Africa's troubles have had repercussions for its neighbors,

particularly economically. In the last 10 days or so, South Africa's stock

exchange and currency dealings were temporarily suspended, a moratorium was

declared on overseas debt repayments, and the rand fluctuated widly against

the dollar. Well, Swaziland's currency, the emalangeni, is closely tied to

the rand. We asked Brian Oliver, governor of the Bank of Swaziland, how all

this had affected the Swazi economy.

[Begin recording] [Oliver] The effect on Swaziland is not very great at

present. The violent fluctuations in the rand exchange rate are very inconvenient, but as many of our imports come from South Africa, most of our exports go to the rest of the world, it is not convenient. It might be to some

other people. [Unidentified reporter] But the Swazi currency is also fluctuating at the moment, is it, with the rand?

[Oliver] It is fluctuating with the rand, not against the rand, and fluctuates against other countries, as the rand does.

[Reporter] And the overall effect at the moment is therefore of a devaluation?

[Oliver] That has been going on for some time now. The immediate effect is

this very very difficult gyration from day to day.

[Reporter] Well, would you ever be tempted to uncouple your currency from

that of South Africa?

[Oliver] It could be necessary, of course. It could be forced upon us. The

extreme devaluation of last week, for example, was very disturbing, but in

general, a devaluation of a reasonable degree is not particularly inconvenient,

because our exporters sell to the rest of the world, and that is what really

counts in our ability to service our debts.

[Reporter] What is happening about Swaziland? If it follows South Africa in

currency fluctuation, does it also follow South Africa in dealing with its

debts?

[Oliver] Certainly not. We pay our debts on the due date, without question,

including during the 3 days that Johannesburg was closed. [End recording]

CSO: 3400/1087

128
ZIMBABWE

HERALD URGES UNRELENTING PRESSURE ON SOUTH AFRICA

MB131425 Harare THE HERALD in English 9 Sep 85 p 4

[Editorial: "Time for Sanctions"]

[Text] Unrelenting pressure must continue and must even be further

intensified against the pretoria regime until it changes its evil ways.

With the boer regime cash-strapped and with the rand plunging, now is the

time for international economic sanctions.

South Africa has never been more vulnerable than she is now. The world

community must, therefore, take advantage of this vulnerability to speed

up the downfall of the boer regime.

Disinvestment is gathering steam, foreign capital is beginning to flee at

an unprecedented pace, some banks are refusing to renew or extend loans

and credits, the brutality of the Pretoria regime has been exposed for all

who want to see.

Despite murderous forays and assassinations by agents of the morally and

politically bankrupt boer clique, unrest continues unchecked across South

Africa. Even the white areas, which once considered themselves immune

from attack, are beginning to feel the brunt of long-simmering black rage.

Last week's warning by the African National Congress that "interesting"

targets would no longer be avoided because they might entail civilian

casualties is another indication that the struggle to dismantle apartheid

is taking a new direction.

Nobody expects apartheid to collapse overnight. But equally clear is the

fact that events in South Africa are moving at a pace and in a direction

beyond Botha's control or timetable.

Those ,ho hide behind the farce that the Botha regime is reformist, that

Botha is voluntarily ending apartheid or that economic sanctions will

hurt blacks more than whites, will have only themselves to blame when

South Africa really explodes.

129
The time for piecemeal measures is long past. The time for tinkering with

apartheid is long past. Blacks do not intend to wait. for the miserly

political crumbs falling from the table where Hitler's spiritual heirs

are dining.

It is not a question of letting blacks and whites swim or eat together,

or allowing blacks to live in white areas. That is not important enough.

Blacks want nothing less than their fair share of political and economic

power. They have gone beyond the stage where they would settle for halfmeasures. Blacks want their own chosen political leaders to be released

unconditionally from prison and detention so they can negotiate freely

about the future of their country.

The Buthelezis and other puppets will never be accepted as authentic black

leaders. If Botha chooses to negotiate with puppets and other selfseekers then let him waste his time--while South Africa burns. If the

dim-witted Pretoria regime continues on its present path, then South

Africa is destined for a racial holocaust that the world has never seen.

For white South Africans time is running out--fast. If they cannot get

the boer clique to change, then they, too, will have to pay the price.

The freedom fires now burning in South Africa cannot be extinguished

before final victory, whatever the cost.

For the liberation movements and all anti-apartheid forces the time has

come to redouble their efforts to make apartheid unworkable. Victory is

assured. But the costs can be reduced significantly if the international

community unites to pressure the Pretoria regime to end the current costly

unrest and to speed up the emergence of a just, free, fair and non-racial

South Africa.

CSO: 3400/1145

130
ZIMBABWE

GOVERNOR'S PROJECTS FOR MATABELEIAND NORTH

Harare THE SUNDAY NEWS in English 25 Aug 85 pp 12, 13

fext Last week Senator Jacob Mudenda until recently the Provincial Administrator for Matabeleland North, and now Governor of the province called seriously

into question the closing of factories in Bulawayo. The reason, he told the

SUNDAY NEWS was that economic development in the region depended on the re-opening of these factories.

Already I have set up machinery to identify the factories closed, the nature of

activity at these factories and the number of people thrown out of employment

because of their closure. I shall be meeting Bulawayo City Council officials

soon to discuss what measures to take at the local level."

Senator Mudenda was speaking in a special interview with the SUNDAY NEWS. He

said that since assuming office a Provincial Governor his first priority was to

seek means of effecting an economic boom for Bulawayo.

"In the rural areas we would like to accelerate development by creating selfemployment through income-generating projects through an intensified co-operative drive.

"We would like the village development committees and the ward development

committees and the ward development committees, together with district councils,

to play a more active role in mobilising the people.

"We would like to ensure that we have got creative education committees and

parents' associations who must assist in improving the quality of education

by doing what the authorities require of them.

"We would like to improve the communication infrastructure in the province --

better roads to clinics and schools, most of which are located at district

service centres and growth points.

"If conjunction with the District Development Fund radio communication we would

like to see that clinics are supplied with radio communication systems where no

telephones are installed so that service to the sick is better organised.

131
"We want to upgrade more clinics and improve the staffing situation of these,

which is not adequate. We hope to attract nurses by providing better accommodation. We also like to stress the role of women and youth, who should be

mobilised to play an active role in development."

Senator Mudenda said his second priority was political stability. He said he

would like to work with the provincial leadership of the ruling party to ensure

that there was political understanding among the people.

"Obviously we want the people to join the ruling party in order to achieve

political stability at a faster rate. Unity, security, and peace are our objectives. We want to persuade our people to be united regardless of tribe or race,

and to feel we are one Zimbabwe. As a united people it would be easier to work

for peace and lend support to security forces to track down dissidents."

Senator Mudenda said his office had a development plan for Matabeleland North.

Volume I of the plan was presented to the provincial development committee and

provincial council in May. Volume II of the plan, which contained projects and

plans, would be presented in October.

There were problems which stood in the way of the Government's new approach on

primary health care. They were the shortage of staff. Tsholotsho, Nikayi and

Hlangabeza had no doctors. The shortage of State Registered Nurses, medical

assistants, health assistants and health inspectors was critical in all areas.

There was also a shortage of accommodation and suitable storage facilities.

This made the hiring of staff difficult and because of lack of storage, drugs

ran out. Lack of adequate transport to convey health staff and patients as well

as equipment and medicine was another problem.

Then came the high cost involved in the treatment of low salary earners. Another

was the security situation; the burning of clinics, the stealing of drugs and

the intimidation of staff.

The governor said despite the good rains Matabeleland North experienced crop

failures in a fairly large section of the communal areas.

"These were caused chiefly by crop destruction by elephants and birds, the nonarrival of seed packs and the shortage of tillage power due to death of animals.

It was therefore recommended that drought relief should continue in those areas

affected."

Concerning the water supply situation, there had been a good run-off in almost

all areas and almost all dams in the province filled up, so no problem was expected.

The Cold Storage Commission had held four sales in the province involving 643 heifers.

Communal farmers were permitted to buy or exchange for heifers.

"These heifers were purchased from commercial farmers last season and were

kept at the Cold Storage Commission feedlots. They are good breeding stock

and it is hoped that from them re-stocking will progress."

132
The food-for-work programme was phased out with the end of the drought relief

programme. At present the Government was looking into the possibility of

continuing the scheme where projects remained incomplete, the governor said.

CSO: 340O/1103

133
ZIMBABWE

BUMPER WHEAT CROP EXPECTED

Harare THE SUNDAY NEWS in English 25 Aug 85 p 11

f•exgt This year's wheat crop will rival the highest post-independence production

of 212,000 tonnes recorded in 1982, the chairman of the Zimbabwe Cereals Production Association, Mr. A. J. Headicar, said last week.

The expected harvest will represent a substantial increase over last year's

total production of 110,000 tonnes. "It will be pretty close to the 1982 crop.

And at the moment it is showing a nice crop."

Mr. Headicar told our Harare correspondent in an interview "that an estimated

42,000 ha had been planted to wheat this year. "There is a great future for

wheat when you bear in mind that the present capacity of bakeries and millers

is 350,000 tonnes."

He estimated that there was an additional 5,000 ha which had not been used for

growing wheat this year however but the introduction of the National Irrigation Fund will mean an increased hectarage planted to wheat in future.

Asked how far the expected crop would go towards meeting consumption requirements, Mr. Headicar said that it was not possible to say what the exact domestic

needs were because of the restricted allocations that have been in force for

some time.

But he explained that becoming self-sufficient in the country's wheat requirement was much cheaper than having to import. "We could even sell it to Zambia

at a small profit, if we were able to grow more than we need," he said.

CSO: 3400/1103 END

134