Takeover Bids Hit R27m Plan

RECENT events in Transkel involving
takeover bids of private companies an
the tacking ofthe top management of the
Transkel Development Corporation may
jeopardise a R27-million investment by

ppl Novobord, a member company of
the giant Sapp! group.

Officials and businessmen in Umtata
also fear that another multi-million rand
project by a huge Taiwanese household
appliances company could be wrecked by
the takeover controversy.

Elite Are in Full Control

ing government officials and
Ministers in Transkei control
many of the profitable busi-
nesses in the territory.

In recent takeover bids of
a South African brewery and
two fuel depots y a Trans-
kelan ‘company, Trans-Ver-
sal Industries, the involve-
ment by fovernment
Officials, including the Presi-
dent, Paramount Chief
Kaizer Matanzima, and the
Prime Minister, Chief
George Matanzima, is appar-
ent from an official letter
which was handed to the Sun-
day Times. .

Relatives

A check through company
records in Umtata revealed
that many companies listed
among their directors, and in
some cases as sole owners,
one or more Ministers or sen-
jor officials in the govern-
ment.

Umtata businessmen
claim that many more com-

nies are indirectly con-

‘olled by Cabinet Ministers:
who appoint relatives as di-
rectors.

In a recent. interview
President Matanzima denied
that he owned more than one
company. He would not name
it.

cso: 3400/53

The giant South African Breweries is
still watching developments after seek-
ng legal advice to prevent the takeover

‘its Butterworth brewery by a local
company headed by a Transkelan and an
American,

A senior official connected to the TDC
sald this week that the Sappi partical
board plant had been “put on ice for six
monihs because of all that is happening

re”.

‘The plant was to have been a joint
venture by Sappi and the TDC.

However, deeds office re-
cords indicate that he owns
at least two companies and is
a director of another.

President Matanzima
owns a filling station, Myezo
Motors, and a restaurant at
the entrance to the Univers-
iy of Transkei (Unitra), of
which he is chancellor.

Official Unitra vehicles
are frequently seen to be fill-
ing up at Myezo Motors.

le also owns Myezo Prop-
erties which, according to re-
cords, has a licence to oper-
ate as owner of immovable

Property.

A number of independent
sources as well as employees
of Transkei Toyota, a service
station in central Umtata,
named President Matanzima
as a director of the com
Documents which originat
from the Transke! Develop-
ment Corporation (TDC) sug-
gest that Mr Matanzima vir-
tually controls the company.

Two employees of the
compan: imed that the
garage had a contract to sup-
Ply petrol to government and
Police vehicles,

Two Cabinet Members, the
Minister of ‘Transport, Mra
Jonas, and the ter of
Finance, Mr Sydney Quaba,
are among the directors of a
sorghum brewery.

55



walk around armed to the teeth. I notice that some RAU students come to
lectures with guns in holsters. "People have a distorted sense of reality.
They see violence where there is none because of their own personality
deficiencies," he said. Professor Scheepers said a person's motive for
wanting a weapon should be established when he applied for a licence to own
one. It was important to find out whether the applicant respected human
life. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 27 Sep 84 p 1 M]

TAIWANESE COLLABORATION ON SEMICONDUCTORS--A mutual interest in semiconductor
materials and devices will lead to cooperation between South Africa and the
Republic of China in future. The form this will initially take was worked
out at a workshop at the CSIR in May attended by four Taiwanese scientists.

In the field of materials, activities identified for collaboration include
the epitaxial growth and electro-optical characterization of GaAs and HgCdTe,
which will be the local responsibility of Professor J.S. Vermaak of UPE and
Dr Harry Booyens of the CSIR, respectively. The computer-assisted design

of circuits and the technology to produce very large scale integrated circuits
are a second important component of the programme, with Professor P. Rademeyer
as the local coordinator. It is hoped that in due course industry in the two
countries will benefit from the exchange of integrated circuits as a way of
overcoming the limitations of local production capacity and the joint develop-
ment of circuits for particular applications in measurement and control
devices. [Text] [Marshalltown SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE in English
Aug 84 p 345]

FUNDS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY--The Anglo American and DeBeers Chairman's Fund

will contribute R500 000 over the next five years towards the establishment

of an Institute for Biotechnical Research at Stellenbosch University. The
institute, a joint undertaking by the departments of biochemistry, genetics
and microbiology and virology at the university, will involve itself initially
in a research programme on the improvement of effluent quality and in the
production of new and improved plant strains in crops appropriate for Southern
African conditions. Once established, the institute will be in a position to
undertake research work on behalf of government bodies and private enterprise.
[Text] [Marshalltown SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE in English Aug 84

p 345]

MARINE SCIENCE AT UPE--A Department of Oceanography has been established in
the Faculty of Science at the University of Port Elizabeth under Dr Des :
Lord, until recently with the CSIR's Cooperative Scientific Programmes.
Research emphasis will initially be on the chemical and physical properties
of Algoa Bay, including near-shore and estaurine hydrology. Marine and
estaurine science at UPE, which ‘involves contributions from the departments
of botany, geology, oceanography, zoology and applied mathematics, includes
studies of the following: the structure and dynamics of high energy beach
and surf zone ecosystems; the hydrology and ecology of the Swartkops and
Sundays estuaries; the biology of penguins of St Croix island; the marine
fishes and cetaceans of Algoa Bay; marine pollution studies and surface
currents along the eastern Cape coast. [Text] [Marshalltown SOUTH AFRICAN
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE in English Aug 84 p 345]

119



SEYCHELLES, JAPAN LOOK TO BETTER COOPERATION ;

Victoria NATION in English 24 Sep 84 p 1

[Text]

PROSPECTS for more
Japanese governmental and
non-governmental co-operation
in Seychelles’ development look
brighter following a week's
working visit to Japan by Mr.
Jacques Hodoul. the Minister
for National Development and
SPPF Secretary for Political
Education.

Mr. Hodoul said after his re-
turn to Seychelles on Saturday
morning that although the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs in
Tokyo explained that Japan
was directing most of its aid to
developing countries that were
poorer than Seychelles, the
Japanese government wanted
to start negotiations as soon as
possible on future agreements
over fishing licences _ for
Japanese vessels in the islands’
exclusive economic zone and
on Japanese volunteer aid to
the Republic.

The Minister was also told
that the Japanese Government
would look into the possiblility

cso: 3400/61

of providing some technical as-
sistance, especially for the Sey-
chelles Polytechnic, and would
back -any aid provided to the
Republic by non-governmental
bodies.

In several meetings with offi-
cials of the very active
Scychelles-Japan Association,
the friendship body that, with
Kawasaki City, organised Mr.
Hodoul’s trip, the Minister
Jearnt that several new projects
were making good progress.
An English-Creole dictionary
being printed in Japan should
be ready by next year when a
Seychelles Tourist Board office
would probably open in Tokyo.
The Association had also or-
ganised a training course in Ja-
pan for a Seychellois karate in-
structor who was yet to be
selected.

Seychelles’ gift of four giant
tortoises to Kawasaki on_ its
60th anniversary was so en-
thusiastically received by the ci-
ty’s 1.5 million inhabitants that

21

SEYCHELLES

when the Mayor, Mr. Baburo
Ito, annouced a children’s com-
petition to choose names for
the animals, the adults insisted
that they be given a chance to
compete too.

A large crowd of school-
children attended Minister
Hodout’s official presentation
of the tortoises to Kawasaki’s
Yumemigasaki Zoo. Seychel-
les will be notified of the result
of the competition around Oc-
tober or November this year.

In Kawasaki City, the Minis-
ter also met with leaders of the
Japanese Socialist Party.

Mr. Hodoul also visited Ja-
pan’s northern-most island of
Hokkaido where he met the is-
land’s governor. and govern-
ment, Socialist Party and union
officials in the capital,
Sapporo.

“J think this visit will ensure
that co-operation ties between
Seychelles and Japan continue
to develop to the benefit of
both sides,” Mr. Hodoul
concluded.



NOTE

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Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a. brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
ttem originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe-Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



SOUTH AFRICA

POST READERSHIP FIGURES REPORTED
Durban POST NATAL in English 26-29 Sep 84 p 1

[Text] POST NATAL has gained a 32 000 new readers in the Durban area during
the past year, according to the authoritative 1984 All Media and Products
Survey (Amps), released last week.

The figure represents a growth of 22 percent and Post Natal now reaches

178 000 readers every week in Durban alone. POST Natal's growth is not only
confined to Durban. The Amps figures show a gain of 36 000 new readers
throughout Natal. This increase of 15 percent yields a total readership

of 283 000, compared to 247 000 readers last year.

Countrywide, Post is now read by 306 000 people, compared to 293 000 in
1983,

The phenomenal rise in Post readership shows that more and more people are
now finding it an attractive buy.

Editor Mr David Wightman said: "We believe our improved image has a lot
to do with it and that POST is becoming an important and much more acceptable
newspaper in Durban and Natal.

"We believe our content is much improved and that the figures for next year
will be even better."

Circulation manager Mr Steve Nortje said one of the main reasons for growth
was that 9 000 copies weekly were now sold through subscriptions.

"This means that POST is now finding its way into many homes and is being

accepted as a family newspaper. It is a shift in attitude from the past,
and the trend is expected to grow."

115



Leadership

The guarantee that consensus decisions will filter through to the legisla-

tive chambers via the representatives of the majority parties in the Cabinet
is of crucial importance.

This filtering need not be difficult. In the new dispensation, more than in
the old, Cabinet members will be exceptionally well placed in influence
decision-making below them.

Political leaders usually have additional power bases. In the new dispensa-
tion connection power, reward power, expert power, information power and
positional power will play an important role in the caucuses and the chambers.

Connection power rests on a leader's connections with other influential
people. Reward power rests on his ability to acquire privileges for his
supporters. Expert power derives from his expertise and knowledge, informa-
tion, and positional power from the position he fills in the hierarchy.

Cabinet Ministers will be extremely well. placed with regard to these power
bases. Consensus in the Cabinet will in most cases also mean consensus in
the majority parties.

The position of the Executive President with regard to this question is
interesting for he must also have a power base when he stands at the helm of
consensus decision-making.

The way in which the President is chosen links him inevitably to the majority
party in the white chamber. Because of his own power base he must have
certain connections with this majority party. The nature of those connections
will have an effect on the application of consensus decisions.

Power bases must necessarily take on an institutionalised form. It is there-
fore understandable that the President can remain as national leader of the
majority party in the White House.

Mechanisms

In the final instance he must be able to rely on the support of this party.
And it is even not too far-fetched that the President could also be chosen
to remain as provincial leader. An effective power base for the President--
apart from the constitutional powers of his office--is essential for the
executive consensus politics. But it must be conceded that a provincial
leadership for the president could create certain problems.

A second mechanism which can advance consensus politics is the President's
Council. Much will depend on the sort of people who will man this institu-
tion. If it is true that institutions give people status, in this case

it will be the opposite.

64



Mr Le Roux claimed that Mr Fismer, without permission or approval from his
fellow Ruiterraad members, compiled a letter criticising the working docu-
ments. He sent this to key members.

Mr Fismer and other Ruiterraad members also held a meeting which was
unconstitutional, Mr Le Roux claimed. The meeting was held under the
chairmanship of Mr Fismer, although he had already been suspended. Mr
Fismer's actions were allegedly totally in conflict with the decisions of
the Ruiterraad.

In a second application Mr Fismer--who said the court hearing was not in
the interests of the Ruiterwag--said his suspension was unconstitutional
and Mr Le Roux had been elected in an improper manner.

Mr Fismer said he had been suspended by the member committee (Lede Komitee).
This was against the constitution of the Ruiterwag and Mr Fismer said he
was still legally president of the organisation.

The present differences in the Ruiterraad arose over the new constitution.
Mr Fismer said Mr Le Roux and his followers were supporters of the "no"
vote and wanted to force their standpoint on other members.

Papers before the court suggested that Mr Fismer had the backing of the
Afrikaaner Broederbond.

The hearing was postponed until October 3.

cso: 3400/53

75



ETHIOPIA

POWER DISTRIBUTION CENTER INAUGURATED
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 26 Sep 84 pp 1, 4

[Text] The Northern Addis Ababa Power Distribution Centre of the Ethiopian
Electric Light and Power Authority (EELPA) was inaugurated here yesterday.

The new facility, which was built at a cost of six million birr, will
strengthen distribution potential of the northern sector of the capital and
its environs.

Out of the total cost of the project, 4,384,000 birr was secured through a
loan granted by the Government of Italy.

The Distribution Centre with a 20 megawatt power is the first project of
its kind built solely through Ethiopian knowhow which resulted in saving
1,500,000 birr.

The power Distribution Centre was inaugurated by Comrade Lemmu Gutema,
Central Committee member of WPE and First Secretary of the WPE Committee
for Addis Ababa, who pressed the button to make the facility operational.

The Distribution Centre is fully equipped with modern electric apparatus
that will enable it to give service to the central and northern sectors of
the city by relaying the power received through the 132 KV channel from the
Gefersa station located 12 kms west of Addis Ababa.

Comrade Tessema Abuderash, General Manager of EELPA, said on the occasion
that several regions and towns have begun receiving power service since the
past ten years of the revolution due to the priority given to electrification
of both urban and rural areas.

The General Manager added that in order to meet the power needs of the
residents of Addis Ababa, seven electric power distribution centres were made
operational at costs totalling 11,000,000 birr and noted that a plan has been
worked out to raise the number of EELPA offices from four to five.

Comrade Tessema also disclosed that having ascertained that the electric
power needs of the residents of Addis Ababa increases by seven percent

11



TANZANIA

PARASTATALS PAY 63 MILLION TO COOPERATIVES
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 15 Sep 84 p 3
[Article by Maelezo Reporter, Dodoma]

[Text] Parastatals and crop authorities have paid 63,346,168/- for assets
of the 21 regional co-operative unions dissolved on May 14, 1976. The
assets are worth 440,838, 706/-.

This is contained in a report tabled here before a meeting of co-operative
officials by the Chief Auditor and Director of Inspectorate Co-operative
Unions, Ndugu Damas Juma Kinabo. The parastatals and crop authorities had
yet to pay 377,489,538/-, he said.

Ndugu Kinabo said when the 21 unions were dissolved, they had fixed, moveable
assets and liabilities amounting to 808,447,083/-. The liabilities amounted
to 316,693,740/-, while 491,753,343/- was surplus.

He said assets worth 427,591,508/- and some 156,823,364/- in liabilities were
confirmed when the unions were dissolved. Surplus was estimated at
270,768,144/-.

Mdugu Kinabo said serious efforts were made by the Government and that by
1977 the loan had been paid back. At the moment, he explained, the unions
owed the bank only 53,000,000/-.

Meanwhile, the Head of the Ideology, Political Education and Training
Department of the Party National Executive Committee (NEC) Secretariat,
Ndugu Kingunge Ngombale Mwiru, said the Party was responsible for drawing
intellectuals into the process of building Ujamaa.

Ndugu Ngombale-Mwiru, who is also the Minister of State in the Prime Minis-
ter's Office responsible for Cooperatives, said this.in Dodoma when opening
a two-day meeting of cooperative officers from the Mainland and Isles.

He said intellectuals had the responsibility to hasten development, hence
they had to work hand in hand with the masses at all levels.

cso: 3400/62

124


ANGER OVER CONSERVATIVES HILLBROW PLAN

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 25 Sep 84 p 3

[Article by Anton Harber]

[Text]

‘THE outcry over the call by
the Conservative Party to
coloureds and Indians

from living in Hillbrow fa
yu

yesterday, with the

‘African Institute of Race Re-

lations (SAIRR), Actstop and

the National People’s Party

RPP) adding their voices to
protest.

‘The CP has also called on
the Government to imple-
ment the Group Areas Act to
stop coloureds and Indians

the area.
The CP has attacked the
Government for allowing
“lawlessness” in Hillbrow,
saying it was being allowed
to become the “cesspool of

Johannesburg”.
‘Mr Cassim Saloojee, chair-
man of Actstop, an organisa-

tlon coloureds
and Indlans living Mlegally in
“white” areas, said the CP

was inciting racial hy re
Mr Saloojee anj rejec-
ted A esectfons that the “ile-
” were res ible for
crime in Hillbrow.
“These are people who are
desperate for places to live
because they cannot get
homes elsewhere. They are
decent, Jew abiding people
‘who have had no choice but to
move into Hillbrow,” he said.
Mr Able Choonara, an NPP.
MP, said the NPP would
fight “tooth and nail” to pre-
vent the CP from carrying
out its plas.
‘The P would call an

70

emergency meeting and
would take up the matter
with the police.

Mr Mohammed Dangor,
chairman of the Transvaal

ion of the SAIRR, said the
activities would not be
good for race relations.

He described Hillbrow as
“a tranquil island of racial
co-operation” into which the
CP would introduce racial
friction.

“Dr Treurnicht is a respon-
sible political leader. He
knows about the housing
shortage. He is using the is-
sue to gain political credibil-
ity in urban areas and to cre-
ate conflict.

“It 4s irresponsible for him
to whip up emotions and use
the plight of the homeless as
@ political football.”
@One only had to look at
Hillbrow buildings, smell

em and see what condition
they were in to know which
were illegally occupied B®
coloureds and Indians,
Clive Derby-Lewis, the Jo-
hannesburg chairman of the
‘Conservative Party, sald last
night.

Mr Derby-Lewis was ade
Gressing a meeting at Jou-
bert Park called by the CP to
protest against “the lawless-
ness and illegality” in Hill-
brow. About 140 people atten-

Earlier Dr Andries Treur-
nicht, leader of the CP, paid a
brief visit to the suburb.

SOUTH AFRICA



SECURITY GUARD FORCE PLANNED

Victoria NATION in English 7 Sep 84 p 1

[Text]

THE Seychelles Police Force is
setting up a special corps that
will be responsible for all secur-
ity guards in the country and
for giving a better security
service to establishments*

Until now, government
inistries and departments,
hotels, private businesses and
other establishments have re-
cruited their. own security
guards with no proper. controls
as to their qualifications and
ability to carry out such a re-
sponsible job effectively.

Superintendent Michel An-
toine explained yesterday that
the Police felt that the profi-
ciency of security © guards
should be improved and that
everyone performing security
duties should be properly
trained to patrol premises. pre-
vent and fight fires, protect val-
uables such as money whether
on the premises or in transit.
administer first aid. and ques-
tion suspects. «

cso: 3400/61

“Several criminal offences
committed in the past could
have been prevented or de-
tected more quickly if security
guards had been trained prop-
erly”, Superintendent’ An-
toine said.

Once the security guards
corps had been set up, the
Superintendent said. _ its
personnel would also be given
some training in the law, espe-
cially concerning powers. of
search and arrest, theft and re-
lated offences, wilful damage.
arson, assault, bribery and cor-
ruption, forgery, trespassing
and liquor licensing.

The. Police’ propose to or-
ganise the corps into Central.
North and South areas on
Mahé, with a head office at the
Police Headquarters in Vic-
toria.

The organisation will be
headed by a Chief Security
Guard equivalent in rank to a

28

SEYCHELLES

Superintendent of Police. Each
of the three areas will be
headed by a Senior Security
Guard equivalent in rank to an
Inspector of Police.

‘The Senior Security Guard
will be based at the district
headquarters and will be linked
to the various establishments in
his area either by telephone or
radio. He will work in close co-
operation with the police dis-
trict commander.

Superintendent Antoine said
that as much as possible, secur-
ity guards would be used to
guard establishments in the
area where they lived. How-
ever, ‘they would ‘tnot be
stationed permanently at one
establishment but would be
rotated around other buildings
of their area. working in shifts
like the police.

“We are sure that this re-
organisation will result in a
much better security service.”
the police officer said.



To briefly sum-up the BDF.

It is one of the new armies of the developing States of Southern Africa

that has its feet firmly on the ground with members that have tasked them-
selves with the primary objective of following the correct, if sometimes long,
road to become Professional Soldiers. As a BDF major said, "I must know my
job before I can accept it."

[Photo caption] Senior members of the BDF from left to right: Major A.R.
Kobedi joined the Bophuthatswana National Guard in 1977 as a recruit. He
has since obtained a degree in Law and now holds the position of Legal
Officer of the BDF. The head of Public Relations for the BDF is captain
R.G. Moiloa. He is tasked with the care of visitors and the production of
Nkwe (Leopard) the BDF's hournal. Captain A.R. Mokonoto is acting Company
Commander of one of the Independent Company Groups during our visit and it
was the men and vehicles of his company who are photographed while on patrol.
Captain Mokonoto has had 6 years service with the BDF and is 26 years of age.
The Senior NCO of the BDF is WOl K.G. Phuduhudu who was a member of the
National Guard, the forerunner of the BDF. He is a man who is obviously in
control of the situation. Members of the BDF are very prompt in paying and
returning compliments, according to the Sergeant Major they like paying
compliments.

cso: 3400/53

99



GOVERNMENT PRESSURED TO ENCOURAGE EXPORTS

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 27 Sep 84 p 12

[Article by Mike Jensen]

[Text]

THE Government is to face
pressure from the private
sector to give greater en-
couragement to exporters.
Dissatisfied with current policies
on export promotion, the Johannes-
burg Chamber of Commerce is to
introduce a motion at the Assocom
congress in Pietermaritzburg next
month asking the Government to
improve its support for exports.

The motion says: “Congress urges
Government to give full recognition
to the importance of exports in the
national programme of develop-
ment to increase employment and
the earning of foreign currency and
towards this end:

@To review urgently the existing
ex] romotion programme and
fii available to exporters
with a view to making them more
effective.
‘@ To review constantly measures to
stimulate the development of ex-
port-oriented industries.
@ To ensure that every possible as-
sistance within the framework of
Gatt is extended to exporters. _
The chamber’s delegates will
make a plea during the discussion of
this motion for the continuation of
the State Export Achievement
‘award which is in danger of being
discontinued.

cso: 3400/53

A spokesman for the Chamber
says a national export promotion
strategy should be launched. “So far
there has been a lot of talk about
encouraging exports, but very little
action.”

Furthermore some export incen-
tives have been withdrawn without

rior consultation and other incen-
ives are in conflict with the Gatt
code.

“We are looking for a new pack-
age to fit in with the codes which
arose out of the Tokyo Gatt discus-
sions. South Africa is the only coun-
try to have refused to become a
signatory to the codes.”

Robert Greig writes from Cape
‘Town that tax reform is being urged
in a Cape Town Chamber of Com-
merce resolution for the Assocom
congress.

The resolution advocates a com-
mission of inquiry into the tax sys-
tem — one with strong private sec-
tor representation.

The commission, should, says the

chamber, reappraise and restruc-
ture the tax system.
. This would serve to promote in-
vestment, improve productivity
and minimise the adverse effect of
taxation on the economy.

The Minister of Finance, Mr Bar-
end du Plessis, said recently a com-
mittee would investigate South Af-

35

rica’s tax structure.

Another Cape Town resolution
criticises the high and acceleratin,
level of Government spending and
its negative impact on the scarce
resources available to the produc-
tive sector of the economy”.

It urges the Government to en-
sure that proper riorities are es-
tablished in fiscal policy.
¢The emphasis in Fiscal discipline
should fall on current State spend-
ing and not only on capital spend-

ra
The newly established State Presi-
dent’s Committee. on National Pri-
orities must be made to operate
effectively.

‘The Cape Town and Johannes-
burg chambers have set up a stand-
ing joint committee on tax, made up
of -5) lists from business, the
professions and banking.

Its background document sup-
porting the tax proposal has not yet

n released.

another, resolution on fhe Asse.
com agenda — proj ry the Jo-
hannesburg canoe calls for
the Government to make the Com-
missioner for Inland Revenue pub-
lish departmental rulings and prac-

ices.

This would be in the interest of
certainty, equity and consistency.



RSA-UK RELATIONS 'WORSE THAN DELICATE’

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 26 Sep 84 p 10

{Article by Patrick Laurence]

[Text]

THE current row between
South Africa and Britain
was yesterday labelled as
“extremely serious” by dip-
lomatic observers in Pre-
toria.

The Minister of Foreign
Affairs, Mr Pik Botha, had
earlier described SA-Brit-
ish relations as being
“much worse than deli-
cate”.

These separate but part-
ly overlapping appraisals
came after the latest move
in the conflict between the
two countries over the
plight of the six men taking
Te!
sulate.

The move was Pretoria’s
decision not to fulfil a
pledge to return four South
African nationals to Britain
to stand trial for allegedly
contravening Britain’s
arms embargo.

The decision was
prompted by Britain’s re-

fusal to respond to South
African demands to either
deliver the six to the South
African authorities or al-
low the South African Po-

cso: 3400/53

luge in the Durban Con-

lice to enter the consulate
and arrest them. .

But is the present im-
passe more serious than

vious low points in what
Professor James Barber of
the University of Durham
has called the “uneasy rela-
tionship” between the two
countries?

Differing policies spring-
ing from ‘ifverging world
views and interests have in-
troduced severe strains
into the relationship from
time to time.

Recent troughs in the
fluctuating relationship in-
clude:

@ Anear confrontation dur-
ing the 1982 Falkslands
War, when Britain suspect-
ed SA of supplying arms —
particularly the Exocet
missile — to Argentina.
‘The conflict was largely
resolved when the Minister
of Defence, General Mag-
nus Malan, gave a formal
assurance that SA was not
selling missiles or aircraft
parts to the Argentines;
@ The expulsion from Brit-
ain of a South African diplo-

mat,-Warrant Officer Jo-
seph Klue, for engaging in.
“activities incompatible
with his official status”.
WO Klue was defended
by Mr Botha, who said the
diplomat had “come across
information concerning
violence planned by ihe
African National Congress
(ang and. had acted as
any British representative
would have done had he ob-
tained similar information
about the Irish Republican
Army;
@ The sharp repudiations of
the British Prime Minister,
Mrs Margaret Thatcher, by
both the then SA Prime
‘Minister, Mr P W Botha,
and Mr Pik Botha after she
identified South Africa as
“the” cause of tension in
Southern Africa and the ex-
clusion of blacks from the
political process in South
Africa as “a powerful fac-
tor compelling black politi-
cal leaders to seek by vio-
lence what was denied to
them by the laws under
which they live”; ,
@ The sharp exchanges be-
tween the former British

60

SOUTH AFRICA

Ambassador, Mr Ewen
Fergusson, and SA politi-
cians over whether or not
Britain was indirectly aid-
ing the ANC in its sabotage
campaign against SA by al -
lowing it to establish a
major office in London.

Is the present impasse
more serious than these
previous clashes of will and
opinion?

“I would hestitate to call
it a crisis, although it has
the potential to deteriorate
into one,” said Mr Michael
Spicer of the Institute of In-
ternational Affairs yester-

day.

‘Relations are moder-
ately bad but they are capa:
ble of repair — provided
both sides exercise diplo-
matic finesse.”

If SA decided, however,
to “bludgeon” its way to a
solution — either by closing
the Durban consulate or by
going in and arresting the
six refugees — relations
could easily deteriorate
into a full-blooded crisis
with serious consequences
involved for both countries,
Mr Spicer said.



DEREGULATION HITS FOREIGN EXCHANGE OPERATORS

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 23 Sep 84 p 31

[Text]

‘THE shoreternt ‘tt
fect of deregulation has
been disastrous for
companies operating in
foreign exchange mar-
kets”, says Martin
Croucamp, GM of San-
tambank’s Corporate
Division.

“There is a. tremendous
lack of expertise in handling
the violent fluctuations an
the volatile situation that ex-
ists today,” he adds.

“In -February ‘and Septem-
ber last year, the govern-
ment introduced measures to
free and internationalise the
forex market in SA.

Exchange controls on non-
residents were removed, gold
proceeds which were pre-
viously paid to the mining
houses in Rand were made
payable in US dollars, and
corporations were given the
freedom to trade against any
known and ascertainable
foreign commitment.

‘The Reserve Bank sto
quoting the R/$ price on their
screens and allowed the mar-
ket to determine the level of
the exchange rate. The Bank
now plays a smoothing role
in the market by intervening

cso: 3400/53

ently when market volatility
reaches unacceptable levels.

The forward rand market
has not changed too much.
‘The Reserve Bank continues
to manipulate the forward
premiums and currently en-
courages offshore borrowing
(the difference between bor-
rowing in South Africa and
offshore markets in the
three-month period is ap-
proximately on%), It re-
mains to be seen, when in two
year time the Reserve

tally withdraws forex for-
ward quotations, how the
market will be affected.

Liquidity

A Nedbank spokesman
says that over the past few
months the R/$ market has
shrunk and in fact lack of+
liquidity is a serious problem.

means that relati

small orders have an inordi-
nately large impact on the
exchange rate. Corporations,
which shop large amounts
around the market. actively,
can move the rate against
themselves. However, cer-
tain portfolics have been
managed successfully, re-
sulting in enhanced profita-
bility.

“Tt could be argued that at
times the freeing of the mar-
ket has caused large forex
losses to certain companies.
‘This is not altogether true as
people tend to forget the time
of formal devalua‘ians — for
instance, the approximately
17% devaluation of the Rand
in 1975 and the recent one-off
20% devaluation of the New
Zealand dollar among many

others.

“At least in a free market
situation a trend tends to
emerge. Providing this trend
is identified in good time,
evasive action can be taken,”
os er ity MD Bai

relays deput ry
Swart says the voltalle mar:
ket may have “induced panic
selling by some of the
smaller companies, but larg-
er, more sophisticated
Foo ieverad profit oppor-
les up to them.
Companies are now also in a
position to manage their ex-
posures and to a limited ex-
nt are able to speculate in.
the forex market.”

Johannesburg, as a finan-
cial centre, has expanded
rapidly and virtually any ser-
vice available in other maj
centres is available locally.

Not only financial manag-

31

SOUTH AFRICA

ers nave had to. learn, sa}
. “Banks have

cane ‘ile Pot by keepin
gain a
close to the major ing op.
erations in Jc B
“Whilst a few trading and
fewer economic analya can
really boast a superb record
In accuratel forecasting the
future levels of interest or
je rates, the view
tainty ean help the corporate
can a
treasurer in bis decision.”

Survival

‘And in an echo from the
recent rumpus banks’
foreign exchange advice, the
Nedbank spokesman cau-
tions: “The key to survival in
volatile markets is
ie The
right view, but
al skills and deal

lines to take action timeous-

ly if the view taken turns out
One thing the ager

e corpo-

rations can do, says Mr Crou-
camp, is to centralise
exchange dealing operations
so that positions can be effec-
tively



It can be accepted that many coloureds and Asians did not vote, not because
of intimidation, but because they had no confidence in the NP's intentions.

The first fruits of the new dispensation will have a real influence on this
issue, as will the role of organisations like the UDF, It seems likely that
the UDF will redefine its future strategy after the launching of the new
dispensation.

There could even be an attempt to reach a compromise between the UDF leader-
ship and the leadership of the majority parties among the coloureds and the
Indians.

Strictly speaking, the main goals of these groups do not really differ.
Everybody wants to see apartheid broken down and negotiation for black
political rights. The main difference is strategy.

It is also extremely likely that levels of trust will be fundamentally
influenced by Government action against boycotters, demonstrators, strikers
and squatters. And here the resettlement question must be included.

In the Western Cape, where the voting percentages were exceptionally low,
the policy on squatters and established black residential areas will have
an important influence on consensus politics.

It is inconceivable that the majority parties in the House of Representa-
tives and the House of Delegates will accept joint responsibility for the
policy in its present form. All the more so because black issues will be
dealt with as a "common affair."

I have little doubt that forced removals ‘from established black residential
areas, or even attempts to achieve this more subtly through, for example,
the freezing of developments in established black townships, will be a
dagger in the side of development of a more stable climate of trust.

Effective consensus politics on the basis of a relative measure of trust
is simply not possible when it is accompanied by forced removals and the
destruction in winter of squatter shelters.

The new style politics must be accompanied by a different style of action
in conflict situations and towards problems which have been inherited from
the old dispensation.

To handle these problems as if the old dispensation, with all its ideolog-
ically-inspired ideals still existed, would not only be grist to the mill of
radical forces, but also politically short-sighted.

If we look at the mechanisms which will aid consensus politics there are
quite a few which hold promise.

The first is the Cabinet of the executive State President. Here we find an

important element of Westminster--the link between the executive and legis—
lative authority.

63



SOUTH AFRICA

IMPACT OF DEFENSE BUDGET CUTS PREDICTED
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 22 Sep 84 p 1
[Article by Gavin Evans]

[Text] Thousands of members of the SADF Citizen Force and commando units
can expect relief from their camps and other duties as a result of a
R180-million cut in the Defence Budget announced earlier.

However, the cut brings an additional burden for national servicemen, whose
border spells will now increase from three to six months stints, it was
learnt last night.

The Minister of Defence, General Magnus Malan, said in a statement that as
a result of the Defence Budget cut some of the tasks previously handled by
Citizen Force and commando units had been re-allocated to Permanent Force
and National Service units.

One of the emergency measures to be introduced by the SADF will be the
extension of border duty for national servicemen and full-time personnel
from three to six months.

In the past, most National Servicemen were required to spend three month
periods on the border, although this was not always the case.

With the implementation of Gen Malan's announcement, which comes into
immediate effect, servicemen will have to serve six-month stints on the

Border.

Gen Malan said the moves would reduce the costs of the Citizen Force
administration, transport and pay.

National servicemen will also take over tasks previously fulfilled by
Citizen Force and commando units.

Another implication of the cut was that only essential Permanent Force
vacancies would be filled and transfers would be kept to a minimum.

100



In all this, China stands out as an example of revolutionary solidarity
and countries such as ours have benefited a lot from Chinese economic assist-
ance in the transport, agriculture and social service sectors.

Premier Salim's visit takes place at a time when our present economic
conditions, borne out of the largely hostile global situation, militate
against efforts to attain our goals for self-reliant development.

This has meant that we intensify efforts to take care of problems that are
of a domestic nature ourselves and making good use of the support that
has been readily coming from friendly countries such as China.

Indeed, there exists between China and Tanzania a sufficient measure of
cooperation in this direction and this is certain to figure out when the
two countries hold frank talks on matters of mutual concern, including a
review of the international scene.

We are hopeful that Premier Salim's visit, like the visit of his host
Premier Zhao Ziyang to Tanzania last year, will further consolidate our
excellent relations. . .

csO: 3400/62

122



The disgruntled faction apparently has the tacit support of the Transvaal
MPs, none of whom has any significant post in the House of Representatives.

Other controversial moves by the party leader include:

--The omission of Mr Jac Rabie from the Ministers' Council of the House
of Representatives--something still causing dissension and threatening to
widen the loyalty gap within the party.

-+The appointment of the Rev Andrew Julies to the portfolio of Minister of
the Budget (finance). Mr Julies, an Eastern Cape man, was the centre of a
storm when he was appointed national chairman of the party earlier this
year.

=-The slotting of the Rev Chris April into the Ministry of Health and
Welfare. Mr April is a former member of ‘the old President's Council--
boycotted by the Labour Party at the time of its formation. He did not
contest a seat in the August 22 election. :

Mr Hendrickse will be grilled on:the issue at the National Executive
Committee (NEC) meeting, scheduled for the first weekend in November ‘at
Beaufort West. The matter will be taken further at the LP's first post-
election annual congress to be held in Kimberley, late in December.

"He will have lots to explain," said a senior LP man,

The two factions emerged dramatically this week when a motion was proposed
in the Labour Party caucus to axe Mr Dietrich as chief whip and replace him
with Mr J.C. Oosthuizen from Swartland.

A compromise amendment was proposed by another seniot LP member to the
effect that Mr Dietrich's position should be reviewed by the party leader-
ship before the House of Representatives met again-on January 18.

When the motion was put to the vote, 30 caucus members wanted Mr Dietrich

removed immediately, while 43 voted for the amendment--an indication of a
house with divided loyalties.

cso: 3400/53

41



duced four-day weeks for hourly paid
workers and made huge cut-backs on
staff in attempts to “rationalise” pro-
duction and minimise losses.

The Ford plant closed for a 10 days
earlier this month. The entire staff of
more than 4 000 went on an unpaid hol- -
iday.

South Africa produces a larger range
of motor cars than any other country
— and has one of the smallest markets,
making competition cut-throat. There
are 14 manufacturers vying for a slice
of the R5-billion spent on new vehicles
annually.

The president of the National Auto-
mobile Association, Mr Colin Adcock,
warned that total monthly sales until
early next year would probably be
about 3000 fewer than predicted. Mr
Adcock is also general manager of
Toyota.

The executive director of the Port
Elizabeth Chamber of Industries, Brian
Matthew, made no bones about what he
believed to be the root of the problem,
and his views were echoed by many
others.

“These retrenchments would not
have been necessary were it not for the
Government's absolute lack of econom-
ic management.”

Citing the recent GST increase and
rise in hire-purchase deposits, with a

csO: 3400/53

83

shorter period of time in which to
make repayments, as the cause of the
industry’s crisis, Mr Matthew said:
“Had things been done more systemati-
cally there would not have been so
many problems or so much hardship.”

The Government’s lengthy warning
of these impending rises had prompted
a massive clamour for vehicles to
avoid the rises, which had been fol-
lowed by a massive slump, and this had
wrought havoc upon the industry.

“This stop-go sort of policy is ridicu-
lous.”

He was optimistic, however, that the
economy would be back on an even
keel during 1985 — “if the Government
does its bit to help”.

Lou Wilking, managing director of
General Motors SA, also laid much of
the blame on the rush for cars to beat
the new GST and HP conditions.

He referred to the day on which the
measures were introduced as “black
Thursday”.

Mr Wilking also pointed to the slid-.
ing value of the rand against the dollar,
down about 23 percent in six months,
which had pushed up the cost of new
cars and would result in lower sales
figures — and further hardship.

“There will soon be a lot more un-
employed people,” he said. “The out-
look is precarious for everyone.”



The period of heightened class struggles or on the contrary the period of
a sharpest reaction, increases the organizational force of the printed word,
helping to transform it into action.

"The role of a newspaper, Lenin wrote in his article 'Where to begin,' is not
confined only to spreading ideas, to political education and attracting
political followers but has also a role in creating a party."

In brief, Lenin regarded a party newspaper not only as a collective propa-
gandist and agitator, but also a collective organizer. He also added that,
"but if it is to be successful in performing its third and most important
function, the socialist press must not only correctly guide the masses in
accordance with party's political line, but also accumulate the practical
experience of millions of builders of the new society and be an arena for the
struggle of opinions, criticism and self-criticism designed to improve the
state of things in economic and cultural life."

Lenin said that everyone has the right and duty to criticize all that is
backward and conservative. "If we are not afraid of admitting our mistakes,"
he wrote, "not afraid of making repeated efforts to rectify them, we shall
reach the very summit." He also taught ‘to face the truth, however, unpleasant,
to make the press widely available for criticism, to wage in its pages
uncompromising revolutionary war against wrong-doers.

For instance, the tone of criticism is set by the Communist Party of the
Soviet Union. The right and, moreover, the duty of each communist to
develop criticism, to combat window-dressing, conceit and complacency, to
resolutely rebuff all attempts to suppress criticism are also recorded in
the rules of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

A press which expresses the most profound interests of the working masses,
therefore, has the greatest success in attracting adherents in their ideo-
logical and organizational unification.

Revolutionary Ethiopia, in this regard, witnessed four years ago the birth
of Serto Ader, the organ of the Central Committee of COPWE. Although COPWE
was not a party, both served as instruments in the process of establishing
the vanguard party in the country. Since its establishment, Serto Ader
served as a collective propagandist, agitator and collective organizer, thus
strengthening the revolutionary drive towards the establishment of a social-
ist society under the umbrella of the Revolutionary Government and COPWE.
Serto Ader has now become the organ of the Central Committee of the Workers
Party of Ethiopia.

Serto Ader is the vanguard, in the very midst of the struggle to carry into
effect the decisions of the Founding Congress of the Workers Party of
Ethiopia.

Serto Ader's prestige is growing by leaps and bounds. Having a large circu-
lation and a wider treatment of subjects of the party and the government,
readers unfold the paper to learn about life in our country, to see what
important events have taken place around and what Serto Ader, the voice of
the Party, the voice of the broad masses of Ethiopia, says about them.

cso: 3400/63



Ferrochrome Exports Increase Significantly
(THE SUNDAY STAR, 30 Sep 84) ..

Current Account Deficit Figure Reported
(Harold Fridjhon; RAND DAILY MAIL, 26 Sep 84) .

Economist Says Sustained Economic Upswing Remote
(Kerry Clarke; SUNDAY TIMES, 30 Sep 84) .

Labour Rebels 'Still To Emerge'
(SUNDAY TIMES, 23 Sep 84) .ssececscoeeee

Unionists, Employers Slam New Labour Law
(Carolyn Dempster; THE STAR, 27 Sep 84) .

Number of Employed Rises by 60,000
(THE STAR, 27 Sep 84) ......

Legal Trade Unions' 'Honeymoon' Ends
(Amrit Manga; SUNDAY TIMES, 30 Sep 84) ..sceseeeceeceeces

Ford Discounts Pullout Rumors
(RAND DAILY MAIL, 27 Sep 84) .ccesescccceccccecvecceeeces

Government Monetary, Fiscal Measures Scored
(John Popper; THE SUNDAY STAR FINANCE, 30 Sep 84) .....0.

Water Flow Hits Western Areas Gold Mine
(Roy Bennetts; SUNDAY TIMES, 23 Sep 84) ...ceceeeeceesers

Richards Bay Coal Export Bind for Total Reported
(Berenice Margolis; RAND DAILY MAIL, 25 Sep 84) .......0-

Mineral Exports’ Outlook Brighter
(Roy Bennetts; SUNDAY TIMES, 30 Sep 84) ..cscceseccescees

Transkei Fuel Depot Takeover Examined
(Stephan Terblanche; SUNDAY TIMES, 30 Sep 84) ..ceseeeeee

Stromberg Industrial Breaks Into Electronics Industry
(Don Robertson; SUNDAY TIMES, 30 Sep 84) ..ccscecsceeeees

Drought-Hit Farmers To Plant Survival Crops
(Barry Sergeant; SUNDAY TIMES, 23 Sep 84) .......

Farming Industry Difficulties Reported
(Barry Sergeant; SUNDAY TIMES, 30 Sep 84) .......0.

RSA-UK Relations ‘Worse Than Delicate’
(Patrick Laurence; RAND DAILY MAIL, 26 Sep 84) ......

36

38

39

40

42

44

45

47

48

50

52

53

54

56

57

58

60



CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT FIGURE REPORTED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 26 Sep 84 p 1

[Article by Harold Fridjhon]

[Text]

THE deficit on the current account of the balance
of payments appeared to be running at a rate of
R1,24bn at the end of August.

Exports for the first eight months of 1984
amounted to R15,85bn and imports totalled
R14,33bn. This gave a surplus on the balance of
frade of R1,52bn, compared with a surplus of
R3,81bn for the same period last year.

Estimating the net outflow on services and
transfers at R2,76bn, it would seem that the
overall deficit on the current account was
R1,24bn. Services payments accounted for ship-
ping, insurance and ‘eight, travel and the pay-
ments of dividends both into and out of the coun-
try, with the outflow almost double the services
charges earned.

In August, the monthly balance of trade moved
into-a R71,4m deficit after a R464m surplus in
July and a R195,3m surplus in August last year.
Imports rose to R2,42bn from R1,73bn in July.

rts improved to R2,35bn from R2,20bn.
{t is surprising that with the rand still weak the
lid not show a greater gain be-

cause of the belief that in volume terms exports

cso: 3400/53

38

had made some advance. .

On the other hand, part of the increase in the

import bill was no doubt the result of the lan-

hing rand, although it would seem that de-
mand for imports is still running at too high a
rate. About R400m of the higher import bill stems
from imports of classified goods which could be
either an additional demand for military pur-
poses or for oil.

It is possible that motor car com} its from
Germany, which had been delayed by the metal-
workers’ strike, flooded into the country.

While the current account is running at its

nt deficit, a reduction in interest rates or in

ie money market shortage cannot be expected.

Perhaps August was too early to expect an im-

provement arising from the current austerity
package. .

The September figures might give a stronger
hint on wuhether the high inte rates and the
tighter hire purchase requirements will damp
down demand. Until demand is restrained, a real
recovery in the economy cannot be expected.



None of which appear to be items which render any immediate return on the
billions which must be invested.

But the consequences of not investing now will be frankly catastrophic.

That more and more people will be brought.into the process of government;
that they will have a vote and make a real demand on resources is unquestion-
able.

To meet these aspirations can only be done by judicious management; by
preserving and encouraging sources of finance to function profitably so
that they can contribute to this process.

Wealth
The Third World South African is a neighbour to First World.

He can visit it, he is often an unwelcome guest in it, he is acutely aware
of it, he lives in its midst but enjoys little of its fruits.

The constitutional dispensation enfranchises elements of the Third World.

Black urban government will give more people a say in affairs. The challenge
seems quite obvious.

The First World style of government and the First World economy had better
ensure that by its action, its organisation, its planning, by its development
and deployment of resources that it assists in the transitional process

from Third to First.

If it fails to do this the journey the other way will be a painful one for
all involved. ‘(Extracted from a speech ‘this week to the Institute of
Directors)

cso: 3400/53

69



SOUTH AFRICA

FOREIGN MINISTER'S HANDLING OF DURBAN CONSULAR AFFAIR HIT
Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 30 Sep 84 p 7
[Column by Percy Qoboza "Percy's Itch": "Pik's Blown It Again"]

[Text] One would have thought that after spending years in the diplomatic
field, in some of the world's hottest spots, Foreign Affairs Minister Pik
Botha would have showed better sense in dealing with the Durban consular
affair.

His ability to cause unnecessary tension for this country is, quite frankly,
amazing.

If he, as Minister responsible for this country's diplomatic missions around
the world, can demonstrate such amateurish inclinations, heaven help us from ~
what his subordinates must be doing.

In his enthusiastic attempt to force the British Government to evict the
six anti-election leaders from the British Consulate in Durban, Mr Botha
announces--with typical arrogance--that the four men charged in Britain
for violating British customs laws will not be allowed to go back to London
to face charges.

When the men were first arrested, the South African Government first tried
to distance itself from them since they faced charges that smacked of
violating an arms embargo against this country.

After some dithering, the South African Embassy in London came forward and
stood bail for the men to the tune of R400 000.

The men were then released--purely on the honourable assurance of this
country that they would stand trial.

Mr Botha had the temerity to say in public: "I do not deny that we have
broken an undertaking. We were left with no choice."

Poppycock.
The fact of the matter is that the six men taking refuge in the British Consul

have nothing to do with the four men charged with serious criminal offences in
Britain.

78



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26 October 1984

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137



ARMS DEALING INCIDENT SPOTLIGHTED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 30 Sep 84 p 38

{Article by Graham Ferreira]

[Text]

WHEN four middle-aged South
African businessmen went on
an alleged arms-buying trip to
Britain, they stepped into a
world most people believe
exists only in the minds of nov-
elists like Frederick Forsythe.

But there was nothing ficti-
tious about the burly customs
and excise policemen who were
waiting for them at their hotel,
shortly after they had been
cleared through Heathrow Air-
port.

Nor was there anything ficti-
tious about the knife which
ended the life of arms smug-
gler John Longstaff, who was
recently found with his throat
cut in the toilet of a British
Airways jumbo.

MURDERED

It is generally believed in in-
ternational arms circles that
Longstaff was murdered by Is-
raeli secret service men. It is
believed he double-crossed Is-
rael and, after procuring arms
and ammunitions with Israeli
funds, resold the equipment to

,the Arab bloc.

It is also believed he was in
possession of highly secret in-
formation about a new Israeli
machinegun. The coroner re-
turned a verdict of suicide, but
there were far easier means
available to Longstaff if he had
wished to end his own life.

104

Arms sanctions by one coun-
try or group of countries
against another is common-
place. But the production of
arms and armaments is a
major industry in many of the
world’s leading industrial na-
tions. The weaponry is pro-
duced and it must be sold —
and that’s where the cloak-and-
dagger operators take over.

Recently J interviewd an un-

dercover arms smuggler who
has set up many clandestine
deals with several Western
governments, including South
Africa. He explained in detail
how illegal weapons are smug-
gled.
“If one country wants to buy
arms from another country,
but is prevented from doing so
by an embargo, a front com-
pany is set up in a third coun-
try which is not on the embar-
go list.

“In order to export arms, the
country of manufacture needs
what is called an end-user cert-
ficate. It is possible to buy
false end-user certificates in
London for about. $1000
(R1 600) from certain embassy
Officials. The false certificate
would bear the name of the
front company.

PERMIT

,“Once the dealer has the end-
user certificate he goes to the



They asked the Government to expand the Arusha and Mwanza industries
producing electric cookers in order to meet the growing demand.

The Ministry of Water, Energy and Minerals in collaboration with the
Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development was asked to put up small
dams in areas affected by drought for irrigation purposes.

CsO: 3400/62

127



SEYCHELLES

Soviet Research Ship Concludes Initial Mission
(NATION, 1 Sep 84) cesccccccsscccccnsesecctersnenseeseenes

SPPF Social Affairs Secretary Satisfied With European Visits
(NATION, 1 Sep 84) .eccsececceeceececceceecesceereeseeeees

CSSR Official on Success of Visit
(NATION, 14 Sep 84) .ececccccecccecccececececesececeveeses

Seychelles, Japan Look to Better Cooperation
(NATION, 24 Sep 84) .rsccceccceccccceccccceeecceeceseeees

Producer Cooperatives Formed for Glacis, Anse Royale
(NATION, 22 Sep 84) wessecccscccecccesccerecssessessenes

Details on Sheep-Raising Project Given
(NATION, 5 Sep 84) vesssccecccaceceecccevcceeesenbecaecees

Success of Animal Feed Project Reported
(NATION, 27 Sep 84) cecscccecccecccceccceecceseesenerenecs

Central Bank Surveys Inter-Island Sea Transport
(NATION, 18 Sep 84) ..cssceececceccecerceeeerceeseeeseres

Security Guard Force Planned
(NATION, 7 Sep 84) .eccsccecccccccecceececceceecseseese ose

Reorganized Militia To Start Training
(NATION, 15 Sep 84) ..

Briefs
SPDF Delegation
SWA Delegation Tours China

SOUTH AFRICA

Deregulation Hits Foreign Exchange Operators
(SUNDAY TIMES, 23 Sep 84) .....

Transformation of Foreign Exchange Market Underway
(SUNDAY TIMES, 23 Sep 84) .ssccsseceeccescccecsceneceeses

Maize Imports Cut To Save Foreign Exchange
(Mike Jensen; RAND DAILY MAIL, 28 Sep 84) ....eeeeeeeeeeee

Government Pressured To Encourage Exports
(Mike Jensen; RAND DAILY MAIL, 27 Sep 84) ..ccscceeseeeees

7

18

19

21

22

23

24

26

28

31

32

34

35



government of the mantacturer
and gets a legal export permit.

“The arms are loaded on toa
ship which is scheduled to sail
to the country for which the
false end-user certificate was
issued. Once at sea, the ship
changes course, dumps the
false papers and the ship dis-
charges its cargo in the embar-
goed country.”

If this is what Hendrik
Botha, Stephanus Jager, Jaco-
bus le Grange and William Me-
telerkamp were in any way at-
tempting, the deal went sour.
Were they to appear in court in
Coventry and the charges fully
proved, then the prospect of
jail sentences would hang
heavy.

Supposing the four men were
on South African Government
business, then another question
arises: Would the South Afri-
cans simply let their “agents”
stay in jail? The official stance
is that the men. would have to
stand trial, and South Africa
would try every means at its
disposal to get them deported
instead of jailed if they were
found guilty.

This week the Media Liaison

csO: 3400/53

Ofticer tor the Department of
Foreign Affairs, Mr Care] Wes-
sels, said the iridependent judi-
ciary in the UK made it impos-
sible to work out a diplomatic
solution to the problem. ~

“They would have had to
stand trial, and if they were
sentenced to prison we would
have been powerless to help,”
he said.

Now Andre Pelzer of the
South African Embassy in Lon-
don will have to go back to

~ Britain on October 22 and ex-
plain to the court why his per-
sonal assurances that the four
would stand trial are not being
honoured. He is also going to
ask for the return of the
360000 bail which the South
African Government put up.

REPRISAL

“As far as we are concerned
Britain contravened the Vienna
Convention governing diplo-
matic bahaviour by allowing
the six Indian leaders to stay in
the British Consulate in Dur-
ban.

“This sort of reprisal is a

105

tried and tested way to register
objection to such an infringe-
ment of diplomatic law,” said
Mr Wessels.

“And if the British say they
were protecting the six Indian
leaders from laws with which
they don’t agree, we could
argue that we don’t agree with
the laws which prohibit arms
being sold to South Africa.”

But legal expert Dr Anthea
Jeffrey disagrees,

“You can’t compare the two.
The South Africans were to be
given a fair trial in an open
court, the Indian leaders are to
be banned without trial, and as
some of them are lawyers this
affects their whole life.

“It is very questionable
whether any international law
has been contravened by Brit-
ain allowing the six to stay in
the consulate. They have not
actually actively interceded on
behalf of the six, they have
simply omitted to evict them.
It is doubtful whether an omis-
sion can be construed as break-
ing the law in this case.”



CENTRAL BANK SURVEYS INTER-ISLAND SEA TRANSPORT

Victoria NATION in English 18 Sep 84 pp 1, 10

[Text]

* AN inter-island shipping agent.

a sorting shed for goods shipped
to and from other islands and
a passenger-only service bet-
ween Mahé and Praslin are. ac-
cording to a recent Central
Bank survey. some of the plans
being studied by the Govern-
ment with the aim of improving
the efficiency of inter-island sea
transport in Seychelles.

In a survey of public marine
transportation that was re-
cently published in its April-
June, 1984, Quarterly Review.
the Central Bank concluded
that the existing private
schooners carrying passengers
and cargo between Mahé,
Praslin and La Digue were not
only sufficient but were not, in
some aspects, being used to
their full capacity. The statist-
ics seemed to indicate “that
even with a doubling of activity
the present fleet of vessels will
be able to cope adequately”.

“Operators are making
reasonable profits even though
operating only at half capac-
ity,” the survey found. Gross
profits were. on average. in the
region of R150,000 a year, the
Central Bank calculated, not

taking into account the repay- °

ment of loans, depreciation
and taxation

26

Noting that at least two ves-
sels, the ‘Louis Alfred’ and the
‘Aroha’ were 34 years old and
had outlived their estimated
life, the Bank believed that
they might have to be replaced
in the near future. Fortunately.
it was the Government's policy
to give as much assistance as
necessary to help operators
own their own boats.

The Government's proposed
plans for the private sector in-
volved mainly improvements in
the efficiency of _ existing
services. Where © passengers
were concerned, waiting places
would be provided at the piers
and attention would be paid to
the comfort of passengers on
boats. Consideration would be
given to the provision of 4
passenger-only service on the
Mahé to Praslin route of a
comparable standard to the
Praslin to La Digue ferries. The

pricing structure would be

reviewed.

As far as tourists were con-
cerned, there’ was a need for a
vessel to make trips to Praslin
and La Digue, carrying clients
for all tour operators.

The timing of arrivals and
departures would be staggered

SEYCHELLES



ELIMINATION OF RACIST, SEXIST TERMS IN TEXTBOOKS SOUGHT

Durban POST NATAL in English 26-29 Sep 84 p 24

[Article by Anthony Doman]

[Text]

RACIST and sexist terms in chil-
dren’s books and school textbooks
have, not surprisingly; become
the targets of clean-up cam-
paigns.

But racism did, and does, happen,
and it would be both absurd and bla-
tantly dishonest for writers to put
non-racial terms in a racist charac-
ter’s mouth.

So says prominent educationist Dr
Richard Rive, whose own work (cho-
sen as a school setwork) recently
drew a storm of criticism for its use
of racist terms.

Dr Rive, a noted black writer and
an acknowledged international expert
on the works of Olive Schreiner, said
in a recent address to the Skrywers-
gilde that he had nothing but praise
for “watchdogs” like the
Committee for the
Combating of Racism in
Textbooks.

That committee, he
said, was necessary to
guard against and ex-
pose the prejudice and
distortions often inject-
ed into education.

There were others
who sincerely objected
to the use of racist
terms regardless of
their context, he added.
But there was another
group that “insincerely
objects because they
have an audience to
cater for”.

85

“These,” he said, “cry
shrilly at the first men-
tion of Hottentot and
leap to the defence
when they smell the
word ‘coolie’ and shud-
der fashionably when
they detect ‘kaffir’.”

State censorship had
not helped. In fact, it
had had a “debilitating
and negative effect” on
creative writing, he

said.

Added to that there
was self-censorship, in
which the writer tem-
pered his creativity the
moment he felt the hot
breath of disapproval
over his shoulder.

But as insidious ‘were
the “self-appointed cus-
todians and guardians
of political morality”.

In the forefront of
those, he said, were cer-
tain educationists who

arrogantly ascribed to-

themselves the role of
political arbiters over
the works of writers.
Without wanting to
sound like a literary
snob, he said, he sug-
gested that specialist
knowledge (either for-
mal or informal or
both) was necessary.

SOUTH AFRICA



I hope Ronald Reagan is watching these developments very closely.

I also hope that the six just remain holed up in their hideout in Durban.
After all, it was the British that brought about the political infrastructure
that has torn this nation apart.

cso: 3400/53

80



Unstinted efforts are being made to promote the combat skills of the air-
force in the conviction that peace can best be assured through a strong
defence bulwark, Comrade Col Solomon pointed out.

The course participants during their stay in the centre acquired enough
knowledge in airforce regulations, directives and working methods, defence
conditions, international relations and particularly Ethiopian foreign
relations as well as in leadership and administration.

Comrade Col Solomon also disclosed that apart from following classroom lessons
the course participants were exposed to simulated battle routines.

Earlier, the graduating cadets marched past and took the oath of allegiance
and also performed various flight shows.

Present at the graduation ceremony were Comrade Commodore Tesfaye Berhanu,
member of the CC of WPE and Commander of the Navy, Comrade Col Jotema Ijelu,
Head of the Air Force Political Department, and ranking military and police
officers.

cso: 3400/63



SOUTH AFRICA

WATER FLOW HITS WESTERN AREAS GOLD MINE
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 23 Sep 84 p 13
[Article by Roy Bennetts]

[Text] Vast quantities of dolomite water flowing into JCI's Western Areas
gold mine has caused the higher grade ore at North Shaft, one of its richest
areas, to be abandoned.

Already substantial costs have been incurred in attempts to control the flow
without any particular success. This cost factor is likely to increase due
to a continued rise of the water level.

A number of potential solutions are being examined in detail in an endeavour
to alleviate this problem. If none of these prove successful then the
remaining solution would be the dewatering of the Gemsbokfontein section

of the mine lease area.

An application for permission to drain this section has been made to the
Department of Environment Affairs.

Sinkholes

The act of dewatering a dolomite deposit can lead to sinkholes, adding to
management's problems. This particular area has historically had a bad
sinkhole disaster record.

“A solution to the flooding problem would result in a significant extension
to the life of the mine, an increase in employment and higher foreign
exchange earnings.

Due to a policy of selling its gold forward during a period when prices
were higher, Western Areas received a creditable average price of R16 721 a
kilogram for its gold production in the six months to 30 June 1984.

Stablemate Randfontein, for example, which did not engage in forward
selling, received an average gold price of R15 025 a kilogram.

50



Why continue with a policy which is senseless, futile, economically unattain-
able, and eventually self-destructive, if we can discover and devise another--
a better--way?

Vows To Speak Out

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 Sep 84 p 1

[Text]

DURBAN — Dr. Beyers Of course, I will do it re-

'Naude (69), despite seven sponsibly,” said Dr Naude.
years of bannings and re- He said he felt no bitter-
strictions, yesterday said he ness about his banning and
would continue to play a restrietions which probably
leadership role in South prevented him becoming
Africa. president of the World Alli-
i f Reformed Churches.

In Durban last night he ance of pares
had supper with the six refu- necked why he was visiting
gees at the British Consul- e six refugees at the con-
ate, addressed four. prayer gulate, Dr Naude said he
meetings at\ which he was new well the hardships and
given standing ovations by cruelty -of banning orders
a combined total of 3000 and restrictions. express
people and gave three Press my concern and support for
conferences. the six men who are in a sit-
“J do not know how much uation not of their making. I
‘of a leadership role the Gov- am totally against bannings
ernment will allow me to and detention without trials.
play. It all depends on their T have been a victim of the
politics. Maybe they will re- internal security laws and
alise that what they now believe it is my duty to show
have is not a solution and solidarity with all those af-

allow me to say the things ected aa
4 Dr Naude said although he
which they never would. was no longer banned, he did
“But I will not mince my not believe he was free, nor
words, nor will I tone down could he enjoy freedom
or water down my stance. when so many were de-
tained and restricted.
cso: 3400/53

92



CP Aims Political, Says PFP

cso:

3400/53

HILLBROW’S multiracial
environment was the result
of e¢onomic conditions —
and if residents were left
alone, they would not have
roblems with each other, Mr
jam Moss, leader of the Pro-
gressive Federal Party in the

Johannesburg City Council,
said yesterday.

The intention of the Con-
servative Party to root out
Indians and coloureds from
the area was irreponsible,
and a politcal game, Mr
Moss sald.

He said the CP’s actions
would be to the detriment of
peace in the area. -

Councillors for the Hill-

-brow area met yesterday to

discuss the issue and Mr Max

71

Neppe (Berea) said they re-
died that the CP was caus-

g trauble in the area.

Simon Chilchik, chair-
man of the soon-to-be-estab-
lished Hillbrow Residents
Association, yesterday de-
scribed a comparison of Hill-
brow with America’s Harlem
as most irresponsible.

‘The comparison was made
by Mr Clive Derby-Lewis of
the CP, who also alleged that
there was drug abuse and
prostitution in Hillbrow.

Mr Chilchik said he and Mr
Mitch Gordon of the Hillbrow
Traders Association would
tour Hillbrow this week to
investigate the allegations.

He said a report would lat-
er be made public.



SOUTH ‘AFRICA

TRANSFORMATION OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET UNDERWAY
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 23 Sep 84 p 31

[Text] South Africa's foreign exchange market has been completely trans-
formed since the interim report on exchange rates and the monetary system
and policy under the then deputy-Governor of the Reserve Bank, Gerhard de
Kock, was released in November 1978.

The process is continuing and the foreign exchange markets have not yet
developed to the level of sophistication envisaged by the authorities.

In principle, the fixed exchange rate system was to be replaced with a
policy aimed at an independent and flexible exchange rate. The rand would’
be required to find its own level subject to Reserve Bank intervention or
management. Exchange control over non-residents was to be abolished and
only limited control exercised over residents’. funds.

The interim report was accepted by the Government and its recommendations
immediately implemented.

The new proposals required the foreign exchange market to develop from its
unattractive and crude existence to a level of sophistication that could
handle its new role. The process was to be evolutionary.

Good progress was made and in February 1983 the Government abolished
exchange control over non-residents by abandoning the financial rand.

In September 1983 the authorities announced further arrangements aimed at
developing the sophistication of the foreign exchange market, both the
spot and forward markets.

The Reserve Bank ceased to quote a spot exchange rate but continued to
influence the rand's value by intervention, mainly aimed at smoothing out
excessive day-to-day fluctuations. The major determinant of the rand's
value was to be supply and demand. But the Reserve Bank is still prepared
to quote a market-related exchange rate to government departments.

The South African gold mines would be paid in US dollars instead of rand for

gold supplied to the Reserve Bank. The mines are now obliged to sell their
dollar receipts within seven days to an authorised foreign exchange dealer.

32



NUMBER OF EMPLOYED RISES BY 60,000

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 27 Sep 84 p 6

[Text]

cso:

The number of employed people rose
by about 60000 in the two years from
April 1981.to April 1983, but the per-
centage of white employees dropped
by about 5 percent, a Department of
Manpower occupational survey. has
found.

The biennial survey was carried: out
in April 1983 and reflects occupational
employment and vacancies excluding
Transkei, Venda, Bophuthatswana and
Ciskei.

The highest number of yacancies in
1983, at a time when economic condi-
tions here were already at a low ebb,
were in the labourer category.

Estimates based on the sample sur-
veys indicate 45584 vacancies in the
labourer field, with vacancies for
10 902 transport workers, 9 865 military
staff, 7709 police and detective ser-
vices, and 4508 nurses.

Other occupations featuring high on
the vacancy rates list are; general
clerk, supervisor/foreman, operators
and semi-skilled workers, technicians,

3400/53

44

‘student nurses, fireman, inspector,
motor mechanic, drivers and teachers.

The survey calculated that 313 000 or
5,6 percent of the employed labour
force in April last year were artisans
‘or apprentices. Of the remaining
five million employed persons, about
26,85 percent are white and 58,02 per-
cent members of black population
groups. ;

It said a drop in the vacancy rate for
artisans and apprentices in the two
years from 1981 to 1983 indicates the
influence of an economic recession on
employment in these occupations,

It was also striking that in broad oc-
cupational terms, the number of pro-
fessionals, semi-professional and tech-
nical employees increased from 482 400
in 1981 to 523 900 in 1983.

The “share” by white employees in
this category dropped by four percent
with a corresponding rise in black em-
ployees. The survey found much the
same trend among employees in sales
and related occupations.



DAILY NEWS GAINS NEW READERS

SOUTH AFRICA

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 21 Sep 84 p 1

[Text]

A MASSIVE 80 000 new readers a
day — enough to fill King’s Park
rugby stadium twice over — have
been gained by The Daily News,
according to-the authoritative
1984 All Media and Products Sur-
vey (Amps) released yesterday.

This 19,4 percent increase in total
readership over the 1983 figure com-
pares with zero growth in total read-
ership of the area’s morning newspa-
per, the Natal Mercury.

The gain means that a total of just
under half a million people (492 000)
now read The Daily News each day,
compared with 412000 who read The
Daily News in 1983. .

By contrast, the Natal Mercury still
reaches 331000 — the same figure as
in 1983. .

The survey shows a strong surge in
readership of The Daily News, both
within the metropolitan area (72 000

more readers) and outside the metro-
politan area (8 000 more readers).

There has been heavy growth in
white, Asian and black sectors — and
white metropolitan readership has
surged past that of the Natal Mercury.

Mr Steve Nortje, circulation manag-
er of The Daily News, said the Amps
figures coincided with much better
circulation achieved in the core met-
ropolitan area during the first six
months of 1984.

Audited circulation figures for this
period (compared with the second half
of 1983) showed The Daily News had
opened its circulation lead over the
Natal Mercury in this area by another
5,9 percent.

During the six months to December
1983, The Daily News sold a daily
average of 30546 more papers than
the Natal Mercury in the core metro-
politan area. In the six months to June
1984 this lead widened to 32 343.

Mr Nortje said one of the main reasons for the good growth was a big
subscription drive conducted by The Daily News this year. About 39 percent
of total sales of The Daily News now are delivered to readers' homes.

The Amps survey shows that total white readership of The Daily News has
increased by 22 percent and in the Durban metropolitan area The Daily News
has gained 42 000 white readers a day.

In this area, 149 000 whites now read The Daily News, compared with 123 000
who réad The Natal Mercury.

This is a reversal of the 1983 position when The Daily News trailed the
Natal Mercury in this area.

113



man more than uncertainty
and inability to depend upon
previous tax norms”.

The outcry that followed
the increase in GST led to
much political and social
pressure to reduce tax on
basic foods, suggesting that
the Government should have
thought this step through be-
fore it was applied.

“In the event, Government
decided to differentiate be-
tween tax-free and taxable
items. It should have advised
the public that it intended to
reduce GST on basic items,
thereby allowing the trade
time to modify their GST col-
lection system. Only thereaf-
ter should the increased sales
tax on remaining items have
been made known.

“Instead, two months’ no-
tice of the intention to in-
crease GST on all items other
than basic foodstuffs was
given. .

“The psychology and timing
induced a gigantic consumer
spending spree, reversing the
previous trend.

“After the horse had bolted
the door was slammed and
locked, with the consumer du-
rable credit industry having
to carry the brunt of the bur-
den.” :

Mr Kirsh is also critical of
the recent new hire purchase
measures which gave little
thought to the chaos that

cso: 3400/53

would result from differen-
tiating deposits and payment
periods for various categories
of goods.

He says: “The increased
cost of administration in the
preparation and running of
three hire purchase agree-
ments with three different de-
posits and three different re-
payment periods poses huge
problems.”

Turning to the painful issue
of the new higher interest
rates, Mr Kirsh considers that
these contain little comfort
for either the consumer or the
trade.

“That part of the buying
spree that was financed at
fixed interest rates — at a
time when the gap between
Ladofca and prime borrowing
rates was at an artifically low
margin — leaves the trade
with a negative return, while
those unfortunate consumers
who purchased on bank credit
cards with no fixed ceiling
now face a huge and unbud-
getted-for additional interest
burden.”

He finds it deplorable that
people who are normally pru-
dent in the management of
their financial affairs are now
in dire straits as a result of
high interest payments on
credit promoted by the banks
via their credit cards and on
home mortgages which, un-
like the public services, are in

49

most instances not subsidised
by employers.

Mr Kirsh comments that
firms in the furniture, appli-
ance and motor industries
(and all allied spheres of ac-
tivity) are going to have to be
very smart indeed to show a
profit in the current year.

He adds: “The balance of
payments may be rectified
three or six months earlier
than otherwise — but at a ter-
rible cost in unemployment.

“It is extremely difficult to
restart activity once it has
ground to a halt and many
businesses that have taken
years to build up will go to
the wall. A lot of people are
going to get hurt.

“In short, we are in bad
shape and we will be in worse
shape if we have another bad
agricultural year.

“What we require is an ac-
tive Government policy with
clearly defined goals rather
than a reactive policy that is
well on the way to an overkill.

“The extremely high inter-
est rate needs to be lowered
as no further dampeners need
to be placed on the economy,
which is already reeling.
Some effort must be made to
restore harmony between
state policy and that section
of commerce and industry
which appears to have taken
the brunt of recent reactive
decisions.”



LEGAL TRADE UNIONS' 'HONEYMOON' ENDS

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 30 Sep 84 p 3

[Article by Amrit Manga]

[Text]

TRADE unionists’ hon-
eymoon with the new
labour laws is over.
1. Some are threatening to
discard the legal process, the
Consequences ot which could
be disastrous for commerce
and ind

Tilegal strikes ook. set to
increase sharply Musion-
Pate ee
Mates dole follo

ee lat is ‘on legal
“It workers can secure no

-advantage from legal strikes
o— is is every posal ty they they

aon" Benger obey ot aber

om nee
rons

“Workers have resorted to
legal strike action to avoid

Essen against cms”

damages ‘ond court inter-

it strike activity

task however, shown that the
Labour Relations Act bas
‘been unable to provide this

protection.
“Unless the Act is fears’
to encourage legal stri
ranteeing protection, the
iture for inc strial relations
Jooks ominous,” he adds.
‘The major reason 3 for this
abrupt e in attitude
e authorities’ reaction
to the “legal” strike by the
National Union of
Mineworkers a fortnight ago.

45

Wildcat

poner Sec! eat

maphosa sa!

as Jo ver feel Seramitted to
ute regulating ave-

ms Lv} there a guaran-
t they will not in

foture opt for wildcat mikes

instead.

“Having examined the La-
bour Reldtions Act it is clear
that it neutralises the work-
ers’ most effective ' weapon -
the surprise element of a
strike.

“Our experience during the
Tpeent wage aispute AG

rat e
Bia Sy lining
dures laid down in is labour
laws does not serve our pur-
pose,” says Ramaphosa.
Neuf ‘on the agenda gf fe
a

nual
Sige tee
of a mut
Procedures.

The widespread dissatis-
faction with existing indus-
trial relations legislation
does not end with the
mineworkers.

Rulings

‘The National Union of Tex-
tile Workers recently
‘charged that Industrial Court
rulings have provided little
protection for dismissed
werner is “ing dissatis-

ere is grow!

faction jou union circles with
the Industrial Court,” the
NUTW aie

SOUTH AFRICA



SOUTH ‘/AFRICA

SPLIT IN SECRET AFRIKANER BODY REVEALED
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 27 Sep 84 p 7
[Article by Nicola Bekker]

[Text] Deep ideological differences within the highly secret Afrikaner
youth organisation, Die Ruiterwag, surfaced in the Rand Supreme Court
yesterday.

An urgent application in the judges’ chambers yesterday revealed the once
powerful "junior Broederbond" suffered a split along verligte and verkrampte
lines at the time of last year's referendum.

In two separate applications Mr Justice A. Preiss heard that:

--The former president of the organisation, Mr Christiaan Fismer--suspended
for holding an "unconstitutional" meeting--had since been "meddling" with
the running of the Ruiterraad (the organisation's council), and:

--The current acting chairman, Mr Jan Dawid le Roux, was elected in an
improper manner.

Mr Le Roux brought the application against Mr Fismer and five former
Ruiterraad members, asking that they be interdicted from interfering with
the running of the Ruiterwag or the Ruiterraad which is responsible for key
positions.

He said Mr Fismer, former president of both the Ruiterwag and the Ruiterraad,
was chosen on May 31, 1983. He was suspended at a meeting of the Ruiterraad
on August 24 this year but his presidency terminated on August 31.

He said Mr Fismer had been suspended for acting against the interests of the
Ruiterraad. In particular, he had opposed a call to vote "no" in last
year's referendum and had called for freedom of expression within the
organisation.

Mr Fismer had opposed "working documents" compiled by the Ruiterraad

intended at the time of the referendum to judge political differences
within the organisation.

74



PRETORIA'S 'FOREIGN BLACKS' DILEMMA EXAMINED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 21 Sep 84 p 6

[Article by Andrew Beattie]

[Text]

cso:

3400/53

Pretoria municipal auth-
orities are at sixes and
sevens about whether or
not “foreign” blacks are
allowed to use municipal
amenities.

The issue has arisen
after an incident on
Wednesday when a black
man who apparently
claimed to be an Ameri-
can with diplomatic sta-
tus was asked to leave
the Pretoria city public

“libary.

A US Embassy spokes-
man in Pretoria said
none of the embassy’s
staff had been involved in
any incidents of this na-
ture. The man’s identity
remains unknown.

The deputy chief li-
brarian at Pretoria Li-
brary, Miss EM Hansen,
confirmed the incident,
adding that she found the
incident highly regret-
able and the whole situa-
tion “ridiculous”.

“Coloureds and Indians
have their own separate
libraries in their own
suburbs,” she said, “and
all races are entitled to
use the State library
which is next door to the

* city public library.”

Miss Hansen said she
was unsure about wheth-

84

er black tourists were al-
lowed to use the library,
but was certain that “dip-
lomatic staff” were al-
lowed to be there if they
could prove their iden-
tity.

A public relations offi-
cial for the Pretoria Mu-
nicipality, Mr Jan Bezui-
denhout said that he, too,
was unsure about wheth-
er foreign blacks were al-
lowed to use the library.

“This uncertainty ap-
plies to all municipal fa-
cilities. I will have to get
legal advice on this mat-
ter,” he said.

Mr Bezuidenhout point-
ed out that admission to
these facilities was decid-
ed upon by the town
council, who had the dis-
cretion either to open fa-
cilities to all races or to
exclude certain races.

In the meantime, the
library staff is totally in
the dark about who fits
the definition “foreign
black” and who does not.

“We do not know
whether blacks from so-
called independent home-
lands are regarded as
foreign or not, and there
have been several em-
barrassing incidents,”
one of the library staff
said.

SOUTH AFRICA



ECONOMIST SAYS SUSTAINED ECONOMIC UPSWING REMOTE

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 30 Sep 84 p 10

[Article by Kerry Clarke]

[Text]

cso:

3400/53

HOPES of an upturn in the
economy within the next
yorr are unlike} to be ful-

led, said Barclays grovy
economist Jan Cloete this
week.

Dr Cloete told the Cater-
ers Association conference
in Johannesburg that the in-
crease in private consump-
tion expenditure and Gov-
ernment consumption
expenditure provided evi-
dence of a mini-boom from
the second quarter 1983 to
second quarter 1984, but it
couldn’t be sustained be-
cause the current account
of the balance of payments
‘was too weak.

“Now the question’ is,
how long will prime have to
remain at 25% to really
have ‘an impact on infla-
tion? In the US it was ne-
essary to keep interest
rates high for about three
years following the 1980/82
Tecession before inflation
‘was overcome.

“Our inflation won't easi-
ly respond to a decrease in

lemand. Employers are
forced to give higher wages
because employees say
they have to cope with a
higher cost of living. Em-

39

ployers then have to push
up prices to cover the wage
increases,

“Experience shows that
this kind of inflation isn’t
amenable to reduction in
total demand very easily. It
is necessary to reduce total
demand very considerably
and keep it low for quite a

fore this kind of
flation will give,” said Dr
Cloete.

loete.

“If the authorities are se-
rious‘ about countering the
inflation problem — ‘the
Minister has said he will try
and get it down to 10% next
year — then we can’t really
afford to let the prime
overdraft rate fall much
before March/April next

wear.

“If they allow prime to
start dropping then’ the
credibility of the policy will
be lost,” he said.

rates could drop by 1
rates coul
or less if demand for credit
dropped and there was in-
creased competition be-
tween banks, but the Re-
serve bank will have to
Intervene ek market ts to
revent e from falling
Tnduly, otherwise the infla-
tion policy would not work.

SOUTH AFRICA



TANZANIA

GOVERNMENT ANNOUNCES IMPORT LIST
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 18 Sep 84 p 1

[Text] The Government has announced the full list of items that may be
imported into the country by individuals who have access to foreign exchange.

The list includes items announced by the Minister for Finance, Ndugu Cleopa
Msuya, during Budget session last June. They were spare parts for vehicles
and machinery, soap, cooking fat, tooth brush and toothpaste.

The full list issued by the Ministry of Industries and Trade includes
tractors and spares, trucks and pick-ups, buses, gents, ladies and children
wear.

Other items are piece goods (continuous), piece goods (discontinuous), shoes,
(canvas and rubber shoes and children's shoes), shoes polish, socks and stock-
stockings.

Others are roofing materials, white cement, sanitary and lavatory appliances
(e.g. basins, sinks), galvanized wire-mesh, screws, bolts, nails, (roofing
nails and others), hinges, locks and door handles, tiles (walls and floor) and
other ceramic products and louvre glass.

Electrical goods include electrical fittings for buildings (e.g. plugs,
sockets), electrical pressing irons, cables, bulbs and lighting fittings.

Importers of items worth 10,000/- or more should be required to have an
import licence, the ministry said in a statement.

However, import licence for goods whdse value did not exceed 10,000/- was
not necessary. Importers would only be charged customs duty and sales tax.

cso: 3400/62

125



SOUTH AFRICA

CONSEQUENCES OF HARBORING DETAINEES DISCUSSED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 30 Sep 84 p 35

[Article by Brian Pottinger]

[Text]

WHEN the newly appointed
British ambassador, Mr Patrick
Moberly, arrives in South Africa
two weeks hence, he will be
stepping from the warm Israeli
sunshine into a diplomatic
freeze.

Anglo-South African relations
—~ a mercurial affair at the best of
times — are now their chilliest
since South Africa took herself out
of the Commonwealth 23 years
ago.

And what makes the situation

; even more remarkable is that the

. new low-point has been reached
only months after relations had

; taken an upward swing following
the face-to-face encounter be-
tween Mr P W Botha and Marga-
ret Thatcher at Chequers.

A thumbnail sketch of Anglo-
South African relations over the
last 20 years shows that frosty
exchanges and huffy silences be-

" tween lon and Pretoria are

not new — indeed they seem part
of the traditional argot of two
countries closely bound by history
but often sharply divided in per-
ceptions.

Febuary 1960 British Prime
Minister Harold Macmillan made
his famous “Winds of Change”
speech to the South African Par-
lament. Just over a year later,
the South African Government
moved to withdraw its application
for continued membership of the
Commonwealth.

The rupture of the bonds of
Commonwealth inevitably result-
ed in progressively cooling rela-

: tions between London and Pretor-
ia which were both busy
| addressing different concerns —

109

j the South African Government its
domestic’ constituency and the

, British safeguarding their flank in
the emerging Third World.

Contention

From 1963 onwards the points of
contention between South Africa
and Britain grew in intensity.
Harold Wilson's Labour Govern-
ment endorsed the UN's voluntary
arms embargo against South

ica.

A year later — with Rhodesian
UDI — the South African Govern-
ment made it clear to the Wilson
administration that it could expect
little help from South Africa in its
embargo tactics against the Smith
regime although it would remain
rigorously “neutral” in the dis-

pul

At led to a further in
relations, curdling

‘The election of Prime Minister B
J Vorster gave both a push — and
some set-backs — to the bum;
course of Anglo-South African -
tions. Whitehall welcomed his -in-
ternational ;praematism and dom-
estic flexibility, rejected his iron-
handed methods internally but
were encouraged by his efforts at
negotiating an end to the Rhodesian
dispute.

Not cricket

{One of the first major set-backs
was the decision of the South Afri-
can Government —~ despite a new

ports policy — to refuse permis-
tlon to bn MOG team because it ed
a black member. For the British it
was definitely not cricket.



SOLIDARITY PARTY PLANS--Dr Jayaram Reddy's Solidarity Party, which forms
the official opposition in the Indian House of Delegates, plans to contest
all future elections at municipal level. Since the party was formed in
January, members have debated whether to use Local Affairs and Management
Committees as a “power base" to win support. A final debate on this matter
will be held when the national executive of the party meets behind closed
doors at Rajab Centre on Sunday. National chairman of the party, Mr Pat
Poovalingam, yesterday confirmed that Sunday's meeting would discuss
Solidarity's role at municipal and other levels. "Yes, it. is true there are
some within the party who believe we should spread our wings and contest
municipal, LAC, Management and Town Board elections to give the community
effective leadership," he said. [Text] [Durban POST NATAL in English
26-29 Sep 84 p 3]

TRANSKEL EXPELS STUDENTS--Umtata--All University of Transkei students were
yesterday expelled by the Minister of Education, Mr H.H. Butu. The government
decision was taken because of the students' intransigent attitude towards

the authorities’ efforts to persuade them to return to classes, Mr Bubu

said. The expulsion affects all full-time students. They will have to apply
for readmission next year. Mr Bubu said he hoped the action would end the
unrest which has disrupted classes on the campus since early this year. Part-
time students will be able to continue classes.--Sapa (Text] [Johannesburg
THE STAR in English 27 Sep 84 p 1 M]

LIAISON WITH MOZAMBIQUE--Komatipoort--The three-man liaison committee formed
in July this year to determine means of helping Mozambique rebuild its
economy has grown into an active organisation. Named Group 15, the committee
now consists of representatives from agriculture, tourism, trade and indus-
try, forestry, health and medicine, labour, finance, recreation and the
media. .A special sub-committee operating under the umbrella of the Regional
Development Action Committee (RDAC) will act as liaison between the various
government departments. Since the formation of the three-man Repmosa commit-
tee under the chairmanship of Komatipoort businessman Mr Johnny Henn, contact
has been made with several high-ranking Mozambican officials and was instru-
mental in the signing of the declaration of intent at Inhaca Island. Mr Henn
said joint ventures over a 10-year period would ensure sound and steady growth.
At a Group-15 meeting in Komatipoort yesterday a management committee to
replace Repmosa was elected. "Repmosa has outgrown itself but the foundations
have been laid. Now it's up to Group 15 to build on them," said Mr Henn.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 21 Sep 84 p 2 MJ

'SICK SOCIETY' CLAIM--South Africa has all the characteristics of a "sick
society," says Professor J.M. Scheepers of the Rand Afrikaans University's
department of psychology. Professor Scheepers was addressing a seminar on
the handling of firearms at Unisa's Institute of Criminology yesterday. He
said South Africa had alarmingly high rates of murder, suicide, homicide,
divorce and criminal insanity. "We treat this as something normal--and
still regard ourselves as a civilised Christian nation," he said.

Professor Scheepers said he respected the right of self-defence, and could
understand people carrying weapons if they were frequently in danger.

But South Africa could be compared to gangster-ridden Chicago. "Many people

118



°" TANZANIA

TDL MAKES 69.8 MILLION NET PROFIT
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 14 Sep 84 p 3

[Text] The Tanzania Dairies Limited (TDL) realised a profit of 69.8m/-
from sales of milk products in their seven plants last year, it was revealed
in Arusha yesterday.

TDL General Manager Ndugu Alfred Lohay said in Arusha that the profit was
an increase of 16.3m/- compared to 1982 profits, Shihata reported.

He attributed the company's success to what he called “workers commitment
to work."

He said the profit would have been higher had it not been for the shortage
of milk powder and butter oil which seriously affected production at the
Dar es Salaam, Arusha, Tanga and Tabora plants.

The four plants have facilities to process milk powder and butter oil to
liquid milk while the Mbeya, Utegi and Musoma plants normally rely on milk
collected from local livestock keepers.

The Manager explained that frequent breakdowns of machinery due to old age,
lack of spare parts for maintenance and lack of packaging materials also
affected production in most of the plants.

Meanwhile, Ndugu Lohay said to solve the problems of shortage of packaging
materials, TDL is distributing milk in ordinary buckets.

The General Manager said however, that this system was not ideal, for apart
from being unhygienic, it gave milk retailers the chance to adulterate the
product before it reached consumers.

CSO: 3400/62

123



JPRS~SSA-8 4-112

26 October 1984

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Nigeria To Sign Trade Pact With Togo, Benin, Ghana

ETHIOPIA

GUINEA

(SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN, 23 Sep 84) .cscscccccccccsccecsecsece

Role of 'SERTO ADER' Detailed

(Melaku G/Yohannes; THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 16 Sep 84) ......

Central Sector Command Members Demonstrate Creative Potentials

(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 30 Sep 84) ..ccccccscccccccccecceees

Officer Cadets Receive Flight Wings, Prizes

(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 30 Sep 84) .cseccccccccccccccecececs

Formation of WPE Strengthens Students Unions Abroad

(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 21 Sep 84) ...ccccsececcecccccecvece

Power Distribution Center Inaugurated

Briefs

Briefs

(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 26 Sep 84) ...ccceccccecccccvceceees

New Health Publication
People's Militia Graduates
GDR Youth Brigade
Territorial Militia Trainees
Gambela People's Militia
Ethiopia~Mongolia Agreement
Jijjiga Militia

Kaffa Police Awards

Rice Gift to Guinea

16

-a- (III - NE & A - 120]



BANNING NOT SUCCESSFUL WEAPON

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 29 Sep 84 p 6

[Article by Carolyn Dempster]

[Text]

Thursday was one day in the life
of the Rev Beyers Naude. But it
was no ordinary day.

Summer sun streamed
through the blinds of the small
house in Hoylake Road, Green-
side, beckoning a steady flow of
visitors, friends and journalists
across the threshold.

For the first time in seven
years, the outcast of Afrikaner-
dom — confined, silenced and
stripped of human rights for so
long — could once again speak
out and be heard.

.UNDERSTAND

“I would be dishonest if I did
not say that at times I felt deep
anger and frustration.

“J love to associate with peo-
ple, share their views, wishes
and ideas — to try to understand
what people are trying to por-
tray and convey,” said the soft-
spoken minister who has twice
suffered the blow of banning
orders, the first time in 1977
when the Christian Institute was
banned together with 11 other
Black Consciousness organisa-
tions, The World newspaper
and Weekend World.

“For the first five years it
was tremendously frustrating.
How I maintained interest in
my life and complied with my
banning order became a con-
stant conflict.”

102

To guard against the corrod-
ing of his views and inner re
solve he appealed to his wife

Sa.

“T said: ‘Ilsa, you must be my
watchdog. When you discover in
any tone of my voice or attitude
a reflection of vindictiveness or
bitterness, you must tell me.’
And make no mistake — she
did,” he laughed.

Fortified by an inner spiritual
faith and the support of his fam-
ily, church and friends, Dr
Naude emerged from his seven-
year ban this week relatively
unscathed. -

“Banning is effective in si-
lencing people for a short period
of time, but politically it is
counter-productive.

“My convictions have grown
and my depth in understanding.
I have watched it in other peo-
ple as well. Banning is not a suc-
cessful weapon in silencing op-
position or creating desired
viewpoints.”

The most painful facet of Dr
Naude’s banning order came
when his children returned
home with their friends and the
process of explanation began.

“I would have to remove my-
self from their company and
that hurt.”

What also hurt was not being
able to go out together with his
wife in the company of other



On decisions like these, consensus is not simple. Consensus politics means
that there must be a determined rapprochement between participating parties
over what can be accepted as basic goals and values. If the participating
parties take up hard ideological positions consensus will be a futile exer-
cise.

This question is of decisive importance for the future of consensus politics
in South Africa.

Protagonists of consensus politics will have to accept that a change in
political style demands equally that there be a change in traditional
ideological choices.

It is wishful thinking to imagine that consensus politics must be directed
towards achieving acceptance of the traditional ideology of the white
governing elite.

Different kinds of conditions have been stipulated for successful consensus

politics: the disposition of the participants, the question of whether there

are enough common areas to further consensus decision-making and negotiating
skills.

In the modern world bargaining has become a sophisticated affair which
demands certain skills. And skilful negotiators are not found behind every
bush.

I would like to pause over two conditions which are generally referred to.

The first is a climate of relative trust between the participating parties
and the second is the existence of effective instruments.

On the question of trust there are a number of problems. On the inter-
party level--and this affects especially the majority parties--there has
been good progress with the creation of trust and confidence-building.

Distrust has been tempered and President Botha has successfully created
faith in his abilities and his leadership among a broad section of the
leader elite.

His personality and role will be decisive in the new style of politics and
there can be little doubt that he will ensure breakthroughs regarded as
impossible until a few years ago.

Compromise
Where there is a problem, it is among those outside Parliament. Among
supporters and non-supporters of the majority parties in the House of

Representatives and House of Delegates, there is still a wait-and-see
attitude.

62



GOVERNMENT MONETARY, FISCAL MEASURES SCORED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR FINANCE in English 30 Sep 84 p 3

[Article by John Popper:

[Text]

THE Government’s recent
monetary and fiscal mea-
sures could nudge the
South African economy
from its present slump
into a major depression. ©

This is the hard-hitting
forecast of Natie Kirsh, head
of the vast Kirsh empire, who,
in an in-depth discussion with
The Sunday Star Finance,
stressed that harmony be-
tween Government and busi-
ness is a prerequisite to maxi-
mising economic potential.

Mr Kirsh firmly believes
that while the short-term ob-
jectives of Government and
individual businesses may not
always match, in the longer
term what is good for the
gountry is good for both.

He says that recent events
indicate that insufficient
thought has been given to the
practical consequences that
flow from some of the deci-
sions taken in the current
year — decisions that have
been highly disruptive to cer-
tain sections of the business
community.

“These decisions,” he con-
tends, “could have been im-
plemented in a different and
a less-harmful way.”

Early in 1984 the country
faced two major problems —
the rate of inflation and the
deteriorating balance of pay-
ments position.

48

"The Year of Bad Decisions"]

According to Mr Kirsh:
“Given the necessity for Gov-
ernment action, one would
have thought that whatever
plan was evolved would be
well thought out. Subsequent
events ‘indicated that this
jwasn’t the case.

“The increase in GST to 7
percent early in 1984 and con-
tinuing high interest rates re-
duced consumer spending sig-
nificantly.

“In the Budget the LIFO
method of stock evaluation
was done away with. This un-
expected measure impacted
seriously on business cash
flows.

“In many instances it ate
into normal working capital,
where commitments had been
made to capital expenditure
in the anticipation of LIFO
cash flow. If the change had
to be made, some reasonable
notice should have been
given.”

In addition, the restructur-
ing and reduction of invest-
ment allowances inhibits cap-
ital expenditure and is “a
short-sighted policy which
will have long-term negative
connotations for large-scale
industry in particular”.

Mr Kirsh feels that the lat-
ter two measures impacted
on previously committed
plans and “there is nothing
that demoralises a business-



SOUTH AFRICA

BOPHUTHATSWANA DEFENSE FORCE DESCRIBED
Johannesburg ARMED FORCES in English Sep 84 pp 18-20

[Text] In 1977 the new State of Bophuthatswana asked the South African
Government for assistance in the formation of what was to be a National
Guard of approximately company strength. Initially the Guard was envisaged
as a Ceremonial unit that would also be able to display a military presence
whenever the need arose. Two years later the Bophuthatswana government took
the decision to create a defence force with the National Guard forming the
core and requested additional assistance from the South African Government
in the form seconded personnel. At the time it was agreed that the seconded
personnel would be on a percentage figure basis formula with an increasing
reduction every year as their functions were taken over by trained Bophu-
thatswana citizens.- At present the percentage of seconded personnel is well
below this. agreed original formula.

The Bophuthatswana Defence Force (BDF) is best described as a self contained
Force with its Headquarters Supporting and Training elements at Mmabatho
while self-supporting formations are at present at two other bases. These
two bases, one at Molopo and one at Mankwe each hold an infantry group with
the necessary support elements.

The planning for the establishment of a third base at Thaba Nchu is well
advanced and this will be done as soon as conditions permit.

As a fully volunteer force the BDF starts off with a major advantage and
any call for recruits is usually met with five times the number of appli-
cants that are required. It is interesting to note that in the few years
of its existence the Defence Force has come to be accepted as a prestigious
organisation by all sections and strata of the countries population.
Unfortunately this is not always the case in Third World States where often
a number of inherent factors have tended to give the armies everlasting birth
pains. Another factor which becomes very apparent when talking to the
senior BDF members is that they are of the opinion that there is no such
thing as an instant soldier. They accept and emphasize that the prime
requirements for any military advancement is knowledge and that this is
only obtainable through experience and training.

97



PRODUCER COOPERATIVES FORMED FOR GLACIS, ANSE ROYALE

Victoria NATION in English 22 Sep 84 pp 1, 2

[Excerpt]

AROUND 25 people of
Glacis and Beau Vallon
and another 20 of Anse
Royale will be given the
opportunity to join the
growing ranks of workers
dedicated to feeding the
nation and boosting its ex-
ports when new ag-
ricultural producer co-
operatives open at Glacis
and Anse Royale in the
near future. we

The Glacis co-operative,
which will be situated on the
former Sorrento Estate, will be
primarily a producer of
coconuts with other activities
being cinnamon cropping,
livestock rearing and the plan-
ting of bananas, cassava, vege-
tables and other food crops.

cso: 3400/61

In the 1950s and 60s before
the Sorrento Estate was pur-
chase by a foreign company, it
produced some 35,000 coco-
nuts a month. Today, with the
trees neglected and coconut
picking all but abandoned, the
yield is a mere 4,000 nuts a
month. The estate was aiso the
hub of North Mahé’s cinnamon;
distillation industry but this ac-
ticity is now non-existent there.

With the owners showing no
signs of developing the land,
the government decided to ac-
quire the property in accor-
dance with the policy of giving
those who wish to work the
land but do not have the means
to do so, a chance to join the
battle to revive the coconut in-
dustry, increase exports, and
achieve food self-sufficiency.

The Seychelles Agricultural

22

SEYCHELLES

Development Corporation
(SADECO) will soon start
clearing the property so as to
give the co-operative a good
start.

The Anse Royale .co-
operative, which will be next to
the Seychelles Polytechnic, will
produce cassava, tarro
bananas, vegetables and
livestock including hens, pigs
and cattle.

With the establishment ot
the Agricultural Department
of the Seychelles Polytechnic at
Anse Royale, the new co-ope-
tative will demonstrate further
the importance government
attaches to agriculture.

The co-operative will involve
the creation, right at the door-
step of the training institution,
of a multi-purpose agricultural
undertaking



SEYCHELLES

SPPF SOCIAL AFFAIRS SECRETARY SATISFIED WITH EUROPEAN VISITS
Victoria NATION in English 1 Sep 84 p 1

[Text]

MR. JOSEPH Belmont. the
Seychelles People’s Progressive
Front Secretary for Social Af-
fairs and Minister for Labour
and Social Security returned’
home yesterday morning well
satisfied with his visits . to
Romania and Sweden.

Mr. Belmont’s first stop was
in Bucharest where he re-
presented the Party and the
Government in four days of
celebrations marking the 40th
anniversary of the liberation of
Romania from fascism and of
the start of the country’s
socialist. revolution, = Mr:
Belmont joined representa-
tives, including several Afri-
can, Asian and European
heads of state, from 120
countries and 30 progressive
parties
‘Speaking in an airport in-
terview on his arrival, Mr.

cso: 3400/61

Belmont said that he had been
very impressed by the econo-
mic, social and industrial
achievements of Romania over
the past 40 years.

Although he did not get the

opportunity to visit any en-
terprises or industries, he was
able to assess the level reached
in: these fields through an in-
dustrial exhibition that was
held as part of the celebrations.

Mr. Belmont was fparticu-
larly impressed by the agri-
cultural sector in which the
country had reached a high
standard of self-sufficiency.

The Seychellois ministér also
held talks with his Romanian
counterpart, Mr. Maxim
Berghianu, and reviewed with
Foreign Affairs officials séveral
co-operation projects which
Seychelles had submitted to
Romania.

18

From Romania Minister

“Belmont travelled to Stock-

holm to join President Albert
René on his official visit to
Sweden.

The delegation held discus-
sions with Swedish Prime
Minister Olof Palme and senior
officials of the Swedish Foreign
Affairs Ministry.

The two countries discussed
a co-operation programme,
Minister Belmont said, adding
that this would be mainly in the
technological field.

Seychelles would also be-
nefit from commodity aid from
Stockholm while the possibility
of treating heart cases in Swe-
den was being looked into.

President René also met the
Swedish members of the
Seychélles-Sweden Friendship
Association.



"Non-essential projects have either been cancelled or postponed until the
economic climate improves," Gen Malan said in a statement released to Sapa.

Gen Malan added that a large saving had also been brought about as a result
of stock levels of reserve items and spares being reduced.

The statement said the Defence Budget cut had not been the result of the ANC
and Swapo relaxing their terror campaigns.

Gen Malan's statement follows the announcement on Thursday by the Minister
of Finance, Mr Barend du Plessis, that the Government was to increase efforts
to minimise spending, and that R180m and R100m would be cut from Defence

and Foreign Affairs respectively.

Mr du Plessis also said the Government would improve the monitoring of
spending and reduce inflation to about 10% next year.

Gen Malan yesterday told the Afrikaans newspaper, Beeld, that there was no
foundation to rumours that the period of national service was to be reduced
from two years to 18 months.

There was no question of reducing the period as part of the saving programme,
he added. :

Training programmes, Gen Malan said, would be restricted to the absolute
minimum.

cso: 3400/53

101



SEYCHELLES

BRIEFS

SPDF DELEGATION--The Seychelles People's Defence Forces are being repre-
sented at celebrations marking the 20th anniversary of the formation of the
Tanzanian People's Defence Forces by a three-man delegation which left for
Dar-es-Salaam on Thursday. Led by Major Raymond Bonte, the delegation
includes Lieutenant Armand Kilindo and Second Lieutenant Robert Ernesta.
[Text] [Victoria NATION in English 1 Sep 84 p 2]

SWA DELEGATION TOURS CHINA--The Seychelles People's Progressive Front is:to
be represented at the 35th anniversary celebrations of the‘ founding of the
People's Republic of China on October 1 by Mrs Rita Sinon, the party's
Secretary for External Relations and the chairman of the Seychelles Women's
Association (SWA). Mrs Sinon is already in China at the head of an SWA
delegation that wiil hold talks with the all China Women's Federation over
the next two weeks. The delegation also includes Mrs Andrine Gertrude, a
member of the SWA National Committee and Miss Susan Jean, an ordinary member
of the association. As well as reviewing SWA-ACWF relations, the’ leaders
of the two organisations will also look into the possibility of increasing
co-operation between the women of the two countries. The SWA delegation
will also visit women's institutions and economic concerns, paying special
attention to the garment industry and other aspects of needlework. The SWA
has a workshop at Le Chantier that specialises in making uniforms, and
recently launched Island Garments Ltd, a pilot project that is ‘the country's
first maker of ready-made clothes on an industrial scale. [Text]. [Victoria
NATION in English 26 Sep 84 p 1]

CsO: 3400/61

30



SOUTH AFRICA

ACID RAIN MAY PUSH UP COST OF POWER
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 30 Sep 84 p 10
[Article by Roy Bennetts]

[Text] The threat of substantial increase in the cost of electricity to
the consumer hangs over Escom in the form of a sulphuric cloud.

The warning bells of the danger of ‘acid rain' began ringing in South
Africa some 4 years ago, following a research programme in America, which
appeared to prove that a highly corrosive property was being produced in
the atmosphere by the burning of coal containing sulphur.

Evidence of sulphur dioxide being produced from coal burning power stations
appeared to be somewhat confused and inconclusive, to the extent that the
Reagan Administration in America has at present curtailed plans to totally
embrace an acid rain programme, but has granted an increase to the present
research programme that will double its figure to $55,5-million in 1985.

Environmental research into the possible hazards of waste dumps will absorb
R410-million with an additional $50-million to be requested.

In South Africa, Escom pioneered an acid rain research programme some 3 years
ago, with R3-million being spent on the establishment of 5 monitoring stations
to cover a 160 km range in the Tranvaal highvelt.

It is estimated that the equipping of a major coal burning power station
with a lime filgration unit to prevent sulphur dioxide being released into
the atmosphere would cost in the region of R250- to R300-million a station.

This figure, plus the operating costs, would increase the price of elec-
tricity per kilo watt/hour by 16%.

Escom is at present pursuing research into possible alternative methods of
decreasing sulphur dioxide released into the atmosphere in an attempt to
minimise additional costs. Perversely it is.:the drought situation of the
past 3 years that has delayed this research.

111



TRANSKEL FUEL DEPOT TAKEOVER EXAMINED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 30 Sep 84 p 5

[Special report by Stephan Terblanche:

[Text]

TRANSKEI could find it-
self without fuel if a
takeover bid for the
country’s only two fuel
depots succeeds.

This would bring com-
merce and industry in the
territory virtually to a stand-

‘This blunt warning has been
given by South African oil com-
panies a Transkei Minister in

Town.

t follows an attempt by a
‘Transkeian company — of which
President Kaizer Matanzima
and his brother, Prime Minister
George Matanzima, were origi
nally intended to be sharehold-
ers — to grab the two fuel depots
‘with an annual turnover of about
R40 million.

Letter

Ina letter couched in peremp-

terms, the present owners
of the fuel depots, the Transkei
Development Corporation
(TDC), were told by the Minister
of Commerce, Industry and
Tourism, Mr Ramsey Madiki-

zela:

“This is to instruct you that the
‘Transkei fuel depots situated in
Umtata and Butterworth be
turned over to the company now
being formed for the purpose by
the undermentioned persons, as
directed by the Honourable

Prime Minister on 26.7.84.

1, Honourable Paramount
Chief B Mtirara

2, Honourable Chief G Matan-
zima
3. Honourable Paramount
Chief K D Matanzima

‘4. Mr L M Ntshongwana.

‘The takeover must take place

with immediate effect.”
The South African oil com-

‘panies, ‘who deliver fuel to the
ley

epots, were alarmed and took a
ited stand.

After word of the takeover bid
Jeaked out, a new company,
‘Trans-Versal Industries, was
formed in the Transkei.

‘The Matanzima brothers de-
nied involvement and only two
directors were listed: Mr Liston
Ntshongwana, reportedly @
nephew of the Matanzimas, and
an American, Mr Clarence Lind-
Tis

week the oil companies
bluntly told Minister Madikizela
that they would not do business
with Trans-Versal. This would
mean a total ban on oil supplies
to the country.

The tmplications for the strug:
gling Transkei economy — al-
ready viewed with suspicion by
would-be investors after recent
government actions — could be
disastrous.

n oil company representa-
tive said: “We view ‘rrans-Versal
as being merely a front for cer-
tain government officials who

int the fuel depots for thei
own personal gain 7

54

SOUTH AFRICA

"Petrol Grab Could Sink Transkei"]

“We are not interested in do-
ing business with it. We have a
10-year contract with the TDC
and nobody in Transkei can
touch a drop of our fuel. If they
do, the industry will take ac-

mn.”

. That would mean that no more
fuel would be supplied.

In Umtata observers believe
that last week’s sacking by the
government of the top manage-
ment of the TDC, who stood in
the way of Trans-Versal’s take-
over bid, was a direct result of
the fuel wrangle.

The dispute between TDC and
Trans-Versal is due to go to the
Umtata Supreme Court again
next month. The TDC has al-
ready obtained a court order
stopping the takeover.

Concern

Other recent events in the
Transkei have caused concern
among officials and industrial-
ists. They include:

@ The Appointment of a com-
mission of inquiry into the TDC,
a move which one commissioner
described as “nothing but a ploy
hy certain individuals to gain
control of the TDC”.

‘@ An attempt by Trans-Versal
to take over Ohlsson’s Cape
Breweries in Butterworth which
belongs to SA Breweries.

@ The sacking of TDC manag-
ing director Mr Sonny Tarr and
12 members of his management

m.



GANDHI GRANDDAUGHTER FIGHTS SLUMS

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 28 Sep 84 p 11

[Article by Victor Mallet]

[Text]

cso

NOT far from luxurious ,

“whites-only” beach re-
sorts north of Durban, a
settlement founded by
Indian leader Mahatma
Gandhi at the turn of
the century serves the
sprawling inland slums
of thousands of blacks
and Indians.

The Phoenix settlement,
now run by Gandhi’s grand-

daughter, Mrs Ela Ramgo-'

bin, has changed from a
self-help community farm

for Indians into an organi-*

sation which aids the teem
ing local ulation by dis-
tributing food — and
providing a clinic.

A library and a museum
stand in memory of the late
Gandhi.

“His idea was to have a
settlement of people who
‘would eventually move into
a campaign to get freedom
for the country,” said Mrs
Ramgobin, 43.

“He thought that if people
live here and they are self-
sufficient, they can’t be in-
timidated by the laws of the
nation,” she said.

Ghandi reasoned that if
those resisting the govern-
‘ment and its apartheid poli-
cies of racial separation
were jailed, their families
would be cared for on the
settlement.

“He was very gentle and
very jovial, too,” said Mrs

3400/53

Ramgobin of Gandhi. “I've
not seen him angry ... I
used to write to him when I
had squabbles with my par-
ents.”

After marches and cam-
paigns to help Indians,
many of them imported to
work on the Natal sugar-
cane fields, Gandhi left for
India in-1914 to pursue his
dream of the country’s inde-
pendence.

“For a while the settle-
ment continued, then many
of the people left ... We
didn’t have the kind of lead-
ership that Gandhi could
give,” said his grand-daugh-
ter regretfully.

On the community farm,
all were paid equal wages
and many worked on the
“Indian Opinion” newspa-
per which was produced

ere but has now closed
down.

Now Mrs Ramgobin and
her husband, Mewa, are of-
ficials of the anti-govern-
ment Natal Indian Congress
started by Gandhi.

In the past both have
“been “banned” by the au-
thorities, a punishment to
restrict the movements of
the banned person and the
number of people he or she
may be with at any one
time.

Gandhi, said Mrs Ramgo-
bin, fought his battle for
South Africa’s Indian mi-
nority — now numbering
nearly 900 000 — more than

108

for its black majority.

She says she is now pur-
suing a policy of reaching
out “into the African and
Indian community to help
the poor.

Mrs Ramgobin can be
seen taking food to nurser-
ies while volunteer doctors
treat patients at the clinic.

The operation is funded
by a trust, the State, a local
university and individuals.

“There is absolute pover-
ty here, terrible condi-
tions,” she said. “Many of
the people who live here are
people who have been dis-
placed from other areas.”

Mrs Ramgobin said that
under apartheid policies,
Indian landlords are being
forced to evict their African
tenants.

Meanwhile, water is the
worst problem for the esti-
mated 300 000 people in the
district, who form long
bucket-carrying queues to
collect their water from
tanks.

The authorities have in-
stalled taps all over the
area, but at present the taps
are locked up in tin huts.
Mrs Ramgobin believes
they are trying to find trad-
ers to sell the tap-water.

“It must be'the first coun-
try in the world to lock up
its taps,” she said.

“We've complained about
the water for ages. There’s
been typhoid outbreaks and
cholera outbreaks.”


SOUTH AFRICA

NATIONALISTS MAKE MAJOR SHIFT IN CAPE POLICY
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 26 Sep 84 p 1
[Article by Chris Freimond]

[Text] Cape Town--In a major shift in Nationalist thinking, the State
President, Mr P.W. Botha, announced yesterday that the Government was
scrapping its coloured labour preference policy in the Western Cape, and
extending 99-year leasehold rights to blacks in certain townships in the
region.

Speaking at the National Party's Cape Congress in Cape Town, Mr Botha also
seemed to indicate that the Government would not go ahead with its plan. to
move all blacks in the Western Cape to Khayelitsha, the massive township
being built on the Cape Flats.

Mr Botha admitted the Government had erred in the past by not implementing
certain recommendations of the Tomlinson Commission on black urbanisation.

One of his main justifications for extending 99-year leasehold to. the region
was that the private sector was not interested in providing housing for
employees if there was ‘not 99-year leasehold.

Previously, the Government has taken a strong stand against extending 99-
year leasehold rights to blacks in the Western Cape.

Mr Botha said he believed that blacks who were legally in the Western Cape
should be able to compete equally for jobs in the region.

Previously; coloureds in the area had by law to be given preference in
employment.

The leader of the Progressive Federal Party, Dr Frederick van Zyl Slabbert,
said last night that Mr Botha'’s announcement was long overdue.

"It's nice to see that the National Party in the Cape has at last moved into
the 20th Century," he said.

72



SUCCESS OF ANIMAL FEED PROJECT REPORTED

Victoria NATION in English 27 Sep 84 pp 1, 10

[Text]

A TRIAL with a pig feed
based on breadfruit has
succeeded beyond all ex-
pectations, causing much
optimism among re-
searchers who are looking
into Seychelles’ potential
for replacing expensive
imported animal feed
with a locally made diet.
The three-part pilot project
was launched by the livestock
Development Division of the
Ministry of National Develop-
ment last May to take ad-
vantage of the breadfruit sea-
son. For three months, 20
saddle-back, large, white and
cross bred pigs were reared on
the locally manufactured feed
which contained dried and
powdered breadfuit as its main
ingredient. Other local pro-
duce such as dried and ground
meat and bone meal,” poonac,
spent grains from brewing,

minerals and vitamins were ad-
ded to balance the diet. Four
tonnes of feed, one tonne more
than targeted, were produced.

“The idea itself is nothing
new as Seychellois pig breeders
have for years been giving their
animals breadfruit, fish re-
mains, poonac and so on,” exp-
lained Mr. Perin Ste. Ange, the
Director of the Livestock De-
velopment Division at Union
Vale. “What we have done is to
use these same ingredients, all
of which are readily available in
Seychelles, to put together a
proper, well-balanced diet that
provides the pig with every-
thing it needs for a healthy
growth and the same things
found in the concentrated feeds
we have been importing up to
now.”

Samples of the feed were
sent abroad for evaluation and
the reports sent back up by the
laboratories in Europe and

24

SEYCHELLES

elsewhere indicated that the
project was certainly headed in
the right direction. According
to the reports, the breadfruit-
based diet was very well
balanced and contained every-
thing it needed.

Speaking after the pigs had
been slaughtered and delivered
to FOODPRO to be evaluated
as to their processing quality,
Mr. Ste. Ange said: “The qual-
ity of the meat was exception-
ally good. All of us monitoring
the trial were very surprised by
the result and we are now con-
vinced that we are on the right
track to finding a locally made
feed of high quality.” .

Mr. Ste. Ange said that the
pigs’ rate of growth was com-
parable to that of animals
reared on a imported feeds.

However, the research could
not stop here. Other feeds
would have to be developed for
cattle and chickens.



BEYERS NAUDE ARTICLE, STATEMENT PUBLISHED

Whites Admonished

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 30 Sep 84 p 4

{Article by Beyers Naude:

[Text]

‘SOUTH AFRICA

"Whites Must Face the Pain of Change"]

IF THERE is one overwhelming
impression brought home to me
during my seven years fo ban-
nin F it is this: South Africa is one
of the most deeply divided soci-
eties in the world today.
People of different languages,
widely differing cultures, different
faiths and religions (and within
these religions, numerous different
confessions), different social cus-
toms and traditions, different
classes and levels of education — all
these form our society and live in
closer or lesser proximity to one

another.

The conviction of most whites,

and es]

ly Afrikaners, that peo-

ple of such wide diversity could
never live together in peace became
the motivation behind apartheid.

Driving forces

It is only recently that a
small number of concerned
Afrikaners has begun to dis-
cover how strongly these hid-
den motivations moulded the
sections of the Afrikaner peo-
ple.
Political scientists, soci-
ologists and psychologists
owe it to South Africa to spell
out these hidden factors and
help whites towards a ration-
al re-evaluation of the politi-
cal motives of the past.

Trealise (on the strength of
my own experience of an
agonising theological and
political Pilgrimage towards
a new insight) that this will
bea painful process. But it is
absolutely essential to face
this if we as whites wish to
evolve a reasonably peaceful
political process of change.

Polarisation

It is to emphasise that If we fail, then we are em-

other motives too, ly unknown, , barking on 'a course of in-

creas! larisation, con-

hidden or tmacknowledged, ur Jerlay | filet and endless strife, the

end result of which will inevi-

For instance, strong fears of being ‘ tably be that whites will be
swamped by an overwhelming num- losers.

‘lacks, economic ‘The white community, and

self-interest, Sad” inferiority com- especially the dominan ‘Afr

plexes of the past formed the uncon- kaner group, must come to

scious driving forces of the Afri-
kaner in his striving for political

power.

90

accept that the black le
of South Africa, both ‘urban
and rural, are a permanent

part of South Africa and that



ETHIOPIA

CENTRAL SECTOR COMMAND MEMBERS DEMONSTRATE CREATIVE POTENTIALS
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 30 Sep 84 pl

[Text] Members of different sections of the Central Sector Command have
used their engineering skills and technical capability to produce a variety
of instruments so that this would coincide with the formation of the Workers
Party of Ethiopia (WPE) and the 10th anniversary celebration of the Ethiopian
Revolution.

The members have created automative products such as instruments useful
for the running of batteries, for basting brake linings, for carrying
accounting duties and duplicating work as well as cranes for supporting
motors.

Also the members have devised facilities such as ovens from biogas, cupboards
that would be used in the fields and different kinds of telephone and radio
systems.

The products, which were made by the members during their spare hours, were
yesterday inspected by Comrade Brig Gen Abebe Gebreyes, member of the Central
Committee of WPE and Commander of the Central Sector Command, together with
senior officers of the command and other invited guests.

Comrade Major Lakew Wolde~Senbet, Acting Head of the Political Department of
the Central Sector Command, made a statement on the occasion stressing the
contribution which the members of the Revolutionary Army are making in the
field of maintenance in addition to their regular duties.

This, he said, demonstrates their love for work and their high political
consciousness, He said that similar activities would continue and would be
expanded in all aspects.

Meanwhile, members of the Southern Sector command musical brigade trained
by the ground Force artistic troupe received certificates here yesterday
following prolonged training in theatrical and musical performance.

The trainees were awarded certificates by Comrade Brig Gen Hailu Gebre-
Michael, CC member of WPE and Deputy Commander and Chief of Staff of the
Ground Force, who noted on the occasion that this particular field had been
neglected during the past regime but has been revived following the onset of
the Revolution.



The Coloured labour preference policy had caused incalculable suffering and
had retarded economic growth in the Western Cape. It was hoped that this
could now be rectified, Dr Slabbert said.

Mr Botha had to use extreme tact to have his announcements accepted by the
congress. In earlier debate on the issues there was clear opposition from
some delegates to proposals that the policies be changed.

However, after Mr Botha's 40 minute address his announcements were accepted
without dissention.

In an indication that the Government may have dropped its highly contro-
versial grand strategy to move all blacks in the Western Cape to Khayelitsha,
Mr Botha said the Western world was very sensitive to the large scale removal
of people merely because someone wanted them moved.

In South Africa as well there was a growing sensitivity in this regard which
the Government had to heed.

But he carefully avoided direct reference to the massive squatter settlements
in the Western Cape, many of whose residents are illegal in terms of Govern-
ment policy.

Mr Botha said the Government had adopted a wide-ranging economic development
and decentralisation strategy.

It included aspects of urbanisation as well as efforts to develop informal
business sectors--particularly in black areas--to counter the drift to the

cities.

If solutions to the problems were not found, it could at least be said that
the Government tried to find them.

cso: 3400/53

73



Is this perhaps a clever way of getting the four off the hook and thereby
letting South Africa off the hook with the evidence that may have been led?

Mr Botha cut a pathetic sight on TV when he tried to justify this monumental
diplomatic boob. He asserted that Britain, by harbouring the six, had in
fact violated international law.

Again I say poppycock.

Britain was acting in the spirit and law laid down in the Vienna Convention--
which states quite categorically that "consuls may provide temporary relief
to refugees."

Her Majesty's Government acted with distinguished honour. Mr Botha had no
right at all, in terms of accepted norms of democratic decency, to describe
the six as fugitives from justice.

It is well known that the six men are not being viewed as criminals--at
least by all those who hold high the principles of the rule of law.

Both Mr Botha and his colleague, Law and Order Minister Louis le Grange,
want Archie Gumede and his colleagues out of the consul simply to serve
them with new detention orders--in other words, just to send them to jail
without trial.

If they had committed any criminal offences, such evidence should have
been put in the hands of the British Embassy and the charges they face
clearly indicated.

That has not been done-~thus fuelling the popularly held view that they
are wanted for incarceration without trial.

No self-respecting embassy or its consulates could be expected to be seen
to cooperate with a government which wants to carry out a repulsive policy.

What Mr Botha has effectively done, is damage the honourable intentions of
diplomacy while giving dubious solace to the lunatic fringe in the right—

wing.
Don't play kragdadigheid with the international community.

South Africa has nothing to offer the world's big powers and Mr Botha
should, at the very least, appreciate their diplomatic presence in this
country. .

Even more devastating is that this country cannot be trusted again on the
word of its Ministers or representatives.

If Pik Botha can go back on his word and the assurances of his Government
the way he did, then how will his word carry any weight in the future?

79



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

NIGERIA TO SIGN TRADE PACT WITH TOGO, BENIN, GHANA
Kaduna SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN in English 23 Sep 84 p 12

[Text] Nigeria intends to sign trade agreement with the Republic of Benin,
Ghana and Togo to promote economic stability in the sub-region, the Minister
of External Affairs, Dr Ibrahim Gambari, has said in Paris.

Dr Gambari told newsmen at the Nigerian Embassy that the agreement would,
among other things, entail the payment in "hard currency" for trade and
economic transactions.

He said the measure would discourage smuggling and currency trafficking
which, he said, constituted the greatest threat to economic stability in
the sub-region.

He said that officials of the four countries were working on the agreement,
adding that ministers of external and internal affairs would meet again in
Lome to study the document.

Dr Gambari said that the agreement would complement and strengthen the
activities of ECOWAS.

On continental issues, Dr Gambari said that Nigeria would reject any attempt
to effect internal settlement in Namibia, adding that Resolution 435 was
the acceptable basis for achieving a lasting peace in the territory.

UN Resolution 435 calls for immediate and unconditional independence for
Namibia.

He said that there was no doubt that SWAPO was the sole legitimate repre-
sentative of the Namibian people and that it would also be unacceptable to
bring in extraneous factors like withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola.

Dr Gambari said that the constitutional changes in apartheid South Africa
were "cosmetic" adding that Nigeria and in fact the whole world, should not
give external credibility to the racist regime while it could not boast of
internal credibility and respect. (NAN)

cso: 3400/52



SOUTH AFRICA

SWARTKOPS WORKSHOPS TO REPAIR MOZAMBICAN LOCOMOTIVES
Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST in English 15 Sep 84 p 1

[Text] The SA Railways workshops at Swartkops may play a vital role in the
new spirit of accord which the Government is pursuing with South Africa's
neighbours.

This was revealed to BUSINESS POST this week by Mr Danie Radyn, assistant
general manager (operating) of SA Transport Services, who said six diesel
locomotives of the Mozambican national railways (DNPCF) were in South
Africa for repairs by SATS.

The locomotives arrived at Komatipoort on Tuesday night.

After repairs to badly-damaged bodywork in SAR's Bloemfontein yards (the
locomotives are victims of guerilla sabotage and bombings in Mozambique's
northern provinces), the locomotives will be transported to either Bell-
ville or Port Elizabeth for the necessary mechanical repairs.

The SATS agreement to conduct the repairs follows a recent visit to Mozambique
by a delegation led by Transport Minister Mr Hendrik Shoeman, and a return
visit to South Africa by the director of DNPCF, Mr Ferreira Mendes.

"The agreement should very definitely be seen in the light of the new spirit
of accord which the South African Government is pursuing," said Mr Radyn.

"T accompanied the SA delegation to Maputo and went prepared to provide on
loan to the Mozambicans a number of locomotives--because although communica-
tions are not too good between us it was apparent that they are having
trouble, either with staff, locomotives or fuel.

But the offer to lend locomotives (several of which would have been
prepared by the PE workshops) was turned down by the Mozambican authorities,
who asked instead for their own locomotives to be repaired.

"Since the SA Government has made a large grant available to Mozambique for
paying for such work, SATS has agreed to assisting in several ways--including
the service of Bulgarian locomotives due for major 10 000-hour maintenance
services, and civil works to central marshalling yards in Maputo."

cso: 3400/53

107



The Battle Continues

The battle continues to resist the New Deal on every level and to reject
the stooges. Tactics must be worked out to oppose the ethnic municipalities
and the control of sports facilities and civic amenities.

The added costs of the new bureaucracy will be carried by the residents who
must demonstrate on every occasion against the lowering of their standard
of living.

Parents, teachers and students must unite to oppose the impeding attack on
non~racial school sports and the attempt to introduce multi-national sports.

Any attack on any organisation must be resisted as an attack on the broad
liberatory movement.

Fear of Principled Unity

An even greater fear of the rulers and their lackeys is the unprecedented
unity on this anti-election issue by workers, students and sports-persons.
They fear the growth of working class mass organisations that operate inde-
pendently of the ruling class parties, the bosses or their liberal agents.
They want to smash our organisations or to misdirect our struggle into a
call for a national convention (a PFP idea) or passive resistance (a respect-
able form of begging) that will only be in the interest of the rulers.

Building a New Nation
We must continue the liberatory struggle against the vicious system and its
collaborators and strive to build a single new democratic nation of South

Africa/Azania.

We must build a mass movement on a principled basis that is led by the black
workers, the only consistent and militant class.

We have won a decisive battle in the anti-election campaign. But many
battles are still to follow before we win the war against apartheid capi-
talism.

CSO: 3400/53

77



people, to travel and mingle
with people, to share and inter-
pret views.

His humanitarian trip to Dur-
ban to give support to the con-
sulate six this week was in itself
a novel experience.

“The Government may inter-
pret my going down to Durban
as a wish to embarrass or pro-
voke the authorities, but they
are very wrong. My first
thought was humanitarian. I
feel that I will never feel free in
the real sense of the word until
other banned or detained people
also enjoy the same freedom.”

Seemingly undaunted by his
years of ostracism and exclu-
sion, Dr Naude is fully prepared
to take up where he left off.

“] don’t see my contribution
on a political level, but on the

cso: 3400/53

103

level of the church — the contri-
bution the church has to make in
order to make politics more just
and more meaningful.

“I understand the feelings of
the Afrikaner people and, al-
though I am seen as a traitor to
their cause, I must not let that
prevent me from ‘responding po-
sitively to any plea from the
Afrikaner community.”

Now in a position where he
can fully reassert his rights to
freedom of speech and associa-
tion, not even the fear or possi-
bility of re-banning mars the en-
ergy, optimism and enthusiasm
of Dr Beyers Naude.

“I cannot allow this to force
me to withdraw or stop me
from expressing my convic-
tions.”



SOUTH AFRICA

TDC SACKINGS STIR WHITE FEARS
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 23 Sep 84 p 2
{Article by Stephan Terblanche]

[Text] There is fear and uncertainty among white industrialists, public
servants and people in key positions in Umtata in the wake of the sacking
of the management of the Transkei Development Corporation.

First signs of the turmoil created by recent actions of the Matanzima
regime is the suspension of a R22-million pulp-factory project for Umtata
by a giant South African paper manufacturer and the withdrawal of at least
four other smaller investors. .

Sources closely involved in the handling of the country's financial affairs
say there is growing concern in Pretoria over developments in the Transkei.

It was also learned this week from sources inside the SA oil supply industry
that the five main fuel suppliers will cut off all petrol supplies to
Transkei if takeover bids by a private company of Transkei fuel distribution
depots go ahead.

It is claimed that the company is backed by the country's President and
Prime Minister.

Developments in recent months include:

~-A takeover bid by a Transkeian company, Trans-Versal Industries, of the
country's only two fuel depots and the brewery in Butterworth, owned by

SA Breweries.

--Resistance by the TDC to government demands that the fuel depots be handed
over to the Transkeians headed by Mr Liston Tshongwana, a nephew of Presi--
dent K.D. Mantazima and Prime Minister George Matanzima.

The Président and the Prime Minister were originally listed as members of
the takeover group in a’government letter to the TDC.

88



STROMBERG INDUSTRIAL BREAKS INTO ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 30 Sep 84 p 15

[Article by Don Robertson]

[Text]

THE Finnish-based
multinational group,
Stromberg Industrial,
has \broken into the
South African power
electronics industry to
challenge the likes of
Siemens, GEC and
Asea.

‘The local operation, estab-
lished last month, represents
part of an international éx-
pansion drive by the group
aimed at increasing its ex-
port contribution.

Although starting off on a
small scale locally, the everr
tual expenditure in setting up
the South African arm will be
considerable.

Guy Sutton, managing di-
rector of the local company,
believes that Stromberg has
particular product strengths,
which, coupled with its high

vel_of technical 1
tise, “will enable it to meet

cso: 3400/53

customer requirements
which are not being ade-
quately serviced by existing
multinationals”,

Stromberg, part of the
Ri 300-million, Kymmene-
Stromberg group, boosted ex-

rt sales to 30% of total
lurnover in the past year, but

believes it has potential for
further growth in the years
ahead.

Mr Sutton points out that
multinational companies in
the Common Market boast
export sales of between 45%
and 70% of turnover, espe-
cially those in the electrical
equipment manufacturing in-
dustries.

‘Stromberg has defined its
target export markets as be-
ing the Western, developed
and stable countries with
reasonably mature econo-
mies. South Africa has been
identified ‘as a potential ex-
port market meeting these
requirements and, in addi-
ie as showing (unusually

growth potent the
electrical sector.

Market

The group current} r-
ates subsidiaries in Sweden,
Norway, Britain, America
and Singapore. It also has
sales offices and representa-
tives in most other industria-
lised countries, It already has
equipment installed in South
Africa, mainly in the paper
‘and process industries.

The market in which
Stromberg hopes to partici-
pate is worth about R200-mil-
lion, or about 6% to 8% of the
total electrical plant and
equipment market and in-
cludes control devices,
switchgears, ical mo-
tors, fuse switches, traction
drives and electronic relays.

The company’s initial
move into the market will be
based on the importation of
high and low technology pro-

a peseribing his y's
ribiny company’s
entry to the market tirou zh
the importation of products,
Mr ‘Sutton says that items,
such as variabl

and microprocessor protec-
tion relays, are undergoing

56

SOUTH AFRICA

continuous development to
enhance performance char-
acteristics and reduce costs.
Local manufacturers often
‘become locked into technolo-
pcs until Jong after they
ave passed their life-cycle,
because they need sufficient
sales to justify investments
in manufacturing. _

The low voltage market,
says Mr Sutton, is fragmen-
tated due to overtrading by
too many suppliers. Many of
these products are made lo-
cally by companies which
have sunk considerable sums
into. manufacturing, while
overseas production is based
on automation and large vol-
umes. While domestic com-
panies deserve support, this

only possible if the differ-
ence between local prices
and world prices does not be-
oOeeonnberge policy locall

e's policy locally
will not be to obtain short
term growth at all costs, but
rather to build a medium to
Jong term expansion pattern
from a firmer base. For this
reason, it will aim for about
1% of the market each year
for the first five years.



SOUTH AFRICA

RICHARDS BAY COAL EXPORT BIND FOR TOTAL REPORTED
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 25 Sep 84 p 1l
{Article by Berenice Margolis]

[Text]

TOTAL is being forced to’!
sell part of its 2,5-million-
ton coal export quota on the
domestic market at re-
duced prices because of in-
sufficient capacity at Rich-
ards Bay. says the
managing director, Mr Ber-
nard Lafitte.

“Insufficient capacity at Rich-
ards Bay is preventing us from
exporting our full allocation. This
has delayed our whole develop-
ment -amme, but we are try-
ing to negotiate with exporters

for 5 capacity.”

‘Selling coal on the domestic
market, says Mr Lafitte, means a
difference of $10 to $12 a ton
which, with the depreciating
rand, means coal is selling at half
the price it would overseas.

don’t know if we'll be com-
pensated as the Government is
reluctant to increase the price of
petroleum products.”

While petroleum products re-
main Total’s main sphere of ac:

cso: 3400/53

tivity — the decision to diversify
into coal was taken in 1975 —
there is also some diversification
into solar energy and into rubber
and metal components for the
motor industry and the railways.

In the agricultural sector, the
supply of fuel, namely to over-
head tanks, accounts for more
than one third of sales.

With the oil glut, says Mr La-
fitte, energy consumption is un-
likely to increase at its past rate.

“We cannot expect to expand in
this field and, because 0! Sasol,
the possibilities for refining crude
oil are restricted.

“To expand in South Africa you
have to look for something else,
hence diversification, but we
wanted to remain in our field of
expertise which is energy. an
that’s why we have gone into car
components.”

The oil business was stagnant
last year, he says, but the market
has in to grow again this year
— at about 10% in the first six to
seven months.

_ “This was unexpected. It’s been

52

a surprise to the oil industry. We'd
budgeted for less.”

‘The main reason has been the
sustained and substantial growth
of the homelands and black town-
ships. Blacks, he says, are buying
more and more cars as a result of
their greater purchasing power
and this has led to a steady in-
crease in petrol consumption.

Contributory factors to in-
creased petrol consumption are
the relaxation of the speed limit
and the fact that petrol stations
are selling petrol after hours.

He says the oil industry must
become more productive. Acting
in concert, oil companies have al-
ready rationalis depots and
transport and in some areas are
using joint facilities for delivery
to overcome logistics problems.

South Africa, says Mr Lafitte,
accounts for about 3% of com-
pany profits worldwide. But Total

;A maintains reasonable finan-
cial results against most Euroj
ean countries and is the most di-
versified subsidiary in the group
outside France.



TERRITORIAL MILITIA TRAINEES--Zwai (ENA)--One hundred and forty-six individu-
als trained as territorial militia drawn from 82 peasants associations in
Hikotch-Butajira province and Butajira town, of Shoa region were awarded
certificates recently on completion of a three-month military and political
training course. Comrade Girma Denbel, Head of the Ideological Affairs of
the WPE Committee of Meskan and Mareko district, Comrade Abate Teshome, Head
of Organizational Affairs of the district, and Comrade Begashaw Tilahun,
Administrator of the district handed out the certificates to the trainees.
Meanwhile, 106 militiamen drawn from ten kebeles of Shashamene district in
the same province were presented with certificates upon completion of a four-
month similar training. Certificates of participation and prizes were given
to those who excelled during the training programme. The trainees received
their certificates and prizes from Comrade Terefe Mamo, Head of Organiza-
tional Affairs of Shashamene district WPE, Comrade Tesfaye Belachew, Head of
Ideological Affairs of the district's WPE and Comrade Efrem Motbainor,
Administrator of Shashamene district. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN
HERALD in English 22 Sep 84 p 3]

GAMBELA PEOPLE'S MILITIA--Gambela (ENA)--A total of 486 people's militia
members drawn from Gambela province of Ilubabur region received certificates
Friday upon completion of a two-month political consciousness and military
training course. Prizes and certificates to the group were handed over

by Comrade Simon Galore, CC Member of the WPE and First-Secretary of the
WPE Committee of I1llubabur region. Speaking on the occasion, Comrade Simon
reminded the graduates of their responsibility to contribute towards the
cultural and economic construction beyond their normal duty of safeguarding
their immediate environs and defending the Revolution. Present on the occa-
sion were Comrade Anim ut Kinde, Chief Administrator of Illubabur region,
and other high ranking officials of the region. [Text] [Addis Ababa

THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 23 Sep 84 p 6]

ETHIOPIA-MONGOLIA AGREEMENT-~An agreement was signed here yesterday between
Socialist Ethiopia and the Mongolian People's Republic in the cultural,
educational and scientific fields of mutual endeavour... The agreement, to be
operative during 1985-87 was signed by Comrade Zewde Gurmu, Permanent Secre-
tary of the Ministry of Culture, and Comrade Sonomdorjiin Dambadarjaa,
Ambassador of the Mongolian People's Republic resident in Nairobi. Present
at the signing ceremony were Comrade Girma Yilma, member of the Central
Committee of WPE and Minister of Culture and a Politbureau member of the
Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party and Chairman of the Control Committee
of the Party. The agreement provides for the exchange of experience among
experts of the two countries. (ENA) [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN
HERALD in English 14 Sep 84 p 8]

JIJJIGA MILITIA--Jijjiga (ENA)--Certificates of participation were presented
here Wednesday to local people's militia who had followed a month-long mili-
tary and political education course after having been selected from 10
peasants' associations in Jijjiga province, Hararghe region. Comrade
Kassegne Feleke, First Secretary of the provincial WPE Committee, and other
officials presented the certificates to the militiamen at a ceremony held at

14



CSO:

@That henceforth no
agreements between an
employer organisation
rade union will be
enforceable in any court
(including the Industrial
Court) unless both the
union and the employer
‘organisation have com-
plied with certain re-
quirements.
@ Any. unregistered fed-
eration must, within
three months of the com-
‘mencement of the Act,
submit to the registrar a
copy .of its constitution,

head office address and.

names of officials and of-
fice-bearers.

@The right to hear ap-
peals against decisions of
the Industrial Court re-
garding exemptions from
Industrial Council agree-
ments has been vested in.
the Minister of Manpow-
er again.

His rights now also ex-
tend to the interests of
employers, employees or
the public or national in-
terest.

These three controver-

3400/53

sial amendments to the
Act have important rami-
fications.

Details of in-house
agreements have to be
submitted within 90 days
of conclusion to the rele-

~vant labour inspector.

If union and employer
do not comply with the
requirements of the De-
partment of Manpower,
the agreement will not be
legally binding and nei-
ther party will be com-
pelled to abide by it.

In addition, those em-

‘ployer organisations who

do_not supply details of
agreements reached with
unions to the Department
of Manpower will be cri-
minally liable.

Under the new legisla-
tion, unregistered unions
have been placed in line
with registered unions
and will have to comply
with the same require-
ments in future.

At least part of the
pressure to bring unre-
gistered unions within the
structured fold of the La-

43

bour Relations Act came
from established unions.

This was revealed by
the Minister, Mr Pietie
du Plessis, in Parliament
when he said established
unions had complained of
“having to abide by the
regulations when unre-
gistered unions were left
to do as they pleased.”

LOW WAGES

Finally, points out Ms
Cooper in her topical
briefing, exemptions
from Industrial Council
agreements would enable
employers in border
areas to pay lower wages
and would encourage the
growth of low-paying
small businesses if em-
ployers were not bound
to minimum wages set
down in the national
agreements.

It also remains to be
seen whether unregis-
tered trade unions will go
through the lengthy pro-
cess of concluding agree-
ments with employers,
only to have them inval-
idated by the State.



FORD DISCOUNTS PULLOUT RUMORS

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 27 Sep 84 p

[Text]

PORT ELIZABETH. —
Ford’s managing director,
Mr Brian Pitt, has killed ru-
mours that the motor manu-
facturer may pull out of
South Africa.

Reacting to speculation following
the announcement of talks between
Ford and Amcar Motor Holdings,
formerly Sigma, he said: “The one
thing I want to say emphatically is
that Ford will not be leaving South
Africa.” .

However, he refused to say how
the negotiations with Pretoria-
based Amcar would affect produc-
tion at Ford’s Port Elizabeth fac-

said this would depend on the
outcome of studies being conducted
in conjunction with Amcar. Until
they were completed, he was not
prepared to comment on specula-
ion.

A brief statement this week said
Amcar and Ford were “exploring
matters of mutual interest”. It add-
ed that, “co-ordination of plans for
complying with South African local

CsO: 3400/53

content regulations appears to pro-
vide an opportunity to achieve
greater economics of scale”.

The statement followed repeated
denials last week by Ford that it
was having talks with Amcar on
rationalisation.

Mr Pitt declined to confirm or
deny newspa| reports that. the
study involved a possible Ford take-
over of Amcar, with Escort produc-
tion going to Pretoria in return for
Amcar’s commercial vehicle pro-
duction.

It is believed Amcar is desperate-
ly looking for ways to use the spare
capacity at its Silverton plant in
Pretoria.

Industry sources have suggested
that because of the similarity be-
tween Amcar’s Mazda and the Ford
Escort outside South Africa, it
makes sense to combine the two
into a single model to achieve the
economy of scale needed to make
the plant profitable.

is could entail a swop, with
production going to Silver-

on and Amcar’s commercial
ehicle Production moving to Ford
‘in Port Elizabeth, where Amcar al-
ready has a modest establishment

47

SOUTH AFRICA

producing medium amd heavy com-
mercial vehicles. .

The sources are confident that
production of the Sierra or the Gra-
nada will not be affected if aj
ment between the two companies is
reached.

Local officials in Port Elizabeth
yesterday reacted with alarm to the
Prospect of Ford moving some of its
production from the area.

The town clerk, Mr P K Botha,
said the city council would do all it
could to prevent Ford discontinuing
any of its local operations.

le said: “The Government will
have to take notice of the situation
immediately because of the possi-
ble effect it may have on unemploy-
ment in an area which already bas
the highest level in the country.”
@ In Johannesburg, Amcar’s group
managing director, Mr
Sterling said this week the talks
cent on local content regula-

He said: muhe real economies are
at the manufacturing end of the
reductign of cos, inet whee
luction o! it is where it
will be.”



SOUTH AFRICA

HORST COMMENTS ON FAILURE OF ETHNIC ELECTIONS
Cape Town MUSLIM NEWS in English 31 Aug 84 p 7

[Text] The President of the South African Council on Sport, Mr Frank
van der Horst, issued the following statement to MUSLIM NEWS on the failure
of the recent ethnic elections:

The. nation-wide demonstrations condemning ‘the racist dummy elections and

the "New War Deal" was a death blow to the plans of the apartheid rulers.
Neither sjamboks, bullets, baton charges, teargas or newspaper and television
propaganda could stop the masses in their rejection of slave bodies and in
their march to liberation.

The huge anti-election meetings and rallies by all progressive organisations
and the disastrously low poll was a massive defeat for white supremacy and
its black slaves, the collaborators. These stooges who stood in these
elections have no mandate from the people and are politically illegitimate
with no base in the organisations of the toiling masses.

Junior Partners

The 'New War Deal' is a panic measure of a besieged ruling class to the deep
social and economic crises of apartheid-capitalism.

P.W. Botha has stated that notwithstanding any low poll, they will proceed
with the 'War Deal.'. He obviously has no other choice. The stooges repre-
sent the bottom of the barrel that the government scratched out from the
black middle class. They are merely interested in the fat salaries of

R43 000 annually and other kick-backs from their white masters. They are
like the Sebes and Mantanzimas that are the junior partners in apartheid
exploitation. They will manage the cheap black labour in the group areas
and locations through a system of ethnic municipalities and homelands for
their state president. They will assist in implementing the apartheid laws
and conscript our youth for military duty to defend this evil system.

Even before the ‘elections,’ these stooges were boasting how they will fix
certain teachers and organisations like Sacos, UDF, CAL and others.

76



ETHIOPIA

FORMATION OF WPE STRENGTHENS STUDENTS UNIONS ABROAD
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 21 Sep 84 pp 1, 6

[Text] The formation of the Workers Party of Ethiopia (WPE) contributes
significantly to the strengthening of the Revolutionary Ethiopia Students
Union abroad, said two students’ association chairmen who attended the
Founding Congress of WPE.

The chairman of the Revolutionary Ethiopia Students' Union in Europe and
Cuba made the statement here yesterday while briefing reporters on the
formation of their respective students’ associations and their objectives
and the role they played in popularizing the Ethiopia Revolution.

The two comrades said that the Revolutionary Ethiopia Students’ Union in
Europe and Cuba which embrace altogether over 7,000 members had made various
preparations in collaboration with the Ethiopian embassies abroad in connec-
tion with the formation of the Workers Party of Ethiopia and the tenth
anniversary celebration of the Revolution.

The comrades pointed out that a week of solidarity with the Ethiopian Revolu-
tion was marked for September 6 to 13, 1984 in response to the call made by
the World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY) and the International Students
Union to over 400 members associations.

During the solidarity week the associations were able to popularize the
Ethiopian Revolution and culture by organizing artistic and sports shows
and by holding seminars and staging festivals and cultural nights, said
the comrades.

The two comrades further noted that their respective associations had
pledged to translate into deeds the resolutions and directives of the WPE.

The comrades stressed that the discipline of the participants of the WPE
Founding Congress, the in-depth report of Comrade Mengistu Haile-Mariam and
the representation of all sections of the society show genuineness of the
Revolution and the high stage of progress it attained.



Western Areas' price in the six months is Rl 926 a kilogram higher than what
it received on average in its previous financial year--backing the industry's
downward trend.

Higher

The grade of gold produced remained the same at 4,8 g/t. Ore milled in the
first six months of this year appears to be marginally below that of 1983.
If milling continues at the current rate, the mine will process 3 752 000
tons this year compared with 3 776 000 in 1983.

Uranium production appears to be higher, with 157 tons being produced in the
first half for a possible total of 314 tons, against a total of 282,5 tons
in 1983. Yields remain the same at 0,46 kg/t.

Sinking of the No 3 Sub-Vertical Shaft has been completed and should be
commissioned towards the end of the year.

Profit before tax stood at R41,9-million for the first six months of the
year, compared with R65,7-million for the twelve months of 1983.

Randfontein Estates gold mine is at present gaining a slightly better grade
of gold at 5,3 g/t, compared with 5,0 g/t for 1983. The price received for
gold is at present lower at R15 025/kg, down by R275/kg from 1983 while the
milling rate would appear to be slightly up on the previous figure of

5 928 000 tons. Grades from the new Doornkop section are expected to be
similar at 5 g/t.

The Doornkop ventilation shaft has reached a depth below 265 meters, and
preparations are in progress for the presink of the No 1 Shaft.

Uranium production at Randfontein would appear to be up with 588 tons being
produced by the year end if the present rate is maintained. A yield of
0,17 kg/t at present is an improvement on the figure of 0,15 kg/t for 1983.

New Mine

At a press conference held in Johannesburg this week, the chairman of JCI,
Gordon Waddell, announced the likelihood of a new gold mine to be established
some 17 kilometers south of Virginia and adjoining the eastern boundary of
the Beatrix Gold Mine. In the last two years a syndicate in which Angio
American Corporation has a 10% interest with the balance held equally by
Johnnies and Randfontein, has conducted an intensive drilling programme.

On the basis of results to date, it would seem likely that a mine will be
established at a relatively shallow depth with a life of 20 years.

csO: 3400/53

51



Operation of New Political System Analyzed
(Willie Esterhuyse; SUNDAY TIMES, 23 Sep 84) ..

New Constitution Faces Economic Challenge
(William Yeowart; SUNDAY TIMES, 23 Sep 84)...

Anger Over Conservatives Hillbrow Plan
(Anton Harber; RAND DAILY MAIL, 25 Sep 84) ...

Nationalists Make Major Shift in Cape Policy
(Chris Freimond; RAND DAILY MAIL, 26 Sep 84) ..

Split in Secret Afrikaner Body Revealed
(Nicola Bekker; RAND DAILY MAIL, 27 Sep 84) ....seeseee

Horst Comments on Failure of Ethnic Elections
(MUSLIM NEWS, 31 Aug 84) ..

Foreign Minister's Handling of Durban Consular Affair Hit
(Percy Qoboza; CITY PRESS, 30 Sep 84) .

Lack of Obvious Successor for Pik Botha Noted
(David Breier; THE SUNDAY STAR, 30 Sep 84) ......

Port Elizabeth Hurt by Recession
(Eddie Andries; THE SUNDAY STAR, 30 Sep 84) ....eseccesees

Pretoria's 'Foreign Blacks' Dilemma Examined
(Andrew Beattie; THE STAR, 21 Sep 84) ..ccccseccccccccces

Elimination of Racist, Sexist Terms in Textbooks Sought
(Anthony Doman; POST NATAL, 26-29 Sep 84) ..cceccecsccvees

Heunis: Blacks Are Different
(Chris Freimond; RAND DAILY MAIL, 27 Sep 84) ...cccceeeeee

TDC Sackings Stir White Fears
(Stephan Terblanche; SUNDAY TIMES, 23 Sep 84) ....eeeeeees

Beyers Naude Article, Statement Published
(SUNDAY TIMES, 30 Sep 84; THE STAR, 28 Sep 84) ......eeee-

Whites Admonished, by Beyers Naude
Vows To Speak Out

Reinstatement of Naude Advocated
(Ben Engelbrecht; SUNDAY TIMES, 30 Sep 84) ...cesecceceees

‘Thunder Chariot' Exercise Critiqued
(Willen Steenkamp; THE CAPE TIMES, 19 Sep 84) ......

-d-

61

66

70

72

74

76

78

81

82

84

85

87

88

90

93

95



Planning

In this way can business and not least importantly, the international banking
community know about the quantum of demand for resources.

--Placing these demands within a context of targets for the curbing of
inflation and the expansion of money supply.

If the priorities committee could adjudicate on these matters and let them
be known publicly then perhaps we could begin to run RSA Limited more like
a business with a degree of planning, rather than on the ad hoc basis which
seems to have characterised our recent management.

No Priorities Committee worth its salt would have sanctioned a 28 percent
increase in civil service remuneration at a time when we knew we were in a
drought cycle and that we were dealing with a more than volatile gold price
that had more downward potential than upside hope.

That there is a cost to reform is unquestioned; what we must see is that those
costs are judicially balanced against resources.

We must remember that the wider circle of the public who anticipate an
improvement in their lot are now constituted as an electorate and are not
merely a disenfranchised racial group or groups.

The constitution seems to me a serious attempt to deracialise national
politics in this country.

It has many imperfections, but it represents the fact that colour is not a
criterion for participation in national politics. .

If it is regarded as a transitional process it has within it some of the
ingredients to produce a degree of stability which a maintenance of the
previous status quo could never have engendered.

Stability is a necessary and important ingredient for business confidence
and no political change, growth or development can occur within a context

of economic stagnation or significant lack of investor confidence, especially
in an economy that has grown to where it is on the reasonable anticipation
of investors both local and overseas.

This country has a comprehensive agenda of things to be accomplished over
the next decade or two.

--Infrastructure--not least important relating to the provision of water.
-~-Education.

--Coping with urbanisation.

--Rural Development.

--Decentralisation.

68



DETAILS ON SHEEP~RAISING PROJECT GIVEN

Victoria NATION in English 5 Sep 84 p 1

[Text]

cso:

3400/61

TWENTY-SIX sheep arrived in
Port Victoria aboard the Sey-
kor I from Rodrigues yesterday
afternoon to be sent by thé Is-
lands Development Company
(IDC) to one of the outer islands
as part of the country’s efforts
to produce as much of its food as
possible.

The arrival or the 20 Black-
head Persian ewes, five rams
and a lamb born during the
four-day voyage follow a fact-
finding visit to the Mauritian
island of Rodrigues last May by
Mr. Perin St. Ange, the Chief
Livestock Development Of-
ficer in the Ministry of National
Development

On Rodrigues Mr. St. Ange
looked at the island’s method
of sheep rearing and mutton
production to obtain informa-
tion for a similar industry here
Rodrigues is not only self suffi-
cient in mutton, but also sup-
plies Mauritius.

23

“The new National Develop-
ment Plan now being drawn up
calls for us to look into the pos-
sibility of rearing sheep with
the aim of producing mutton
on a commercial basis.” Mr.
St. Ange explained yesterday.
He added that in tropical con-
ditions such as those of Sey-
chelles sheep could not be
reared for their wool.

The flock that arrived yester-
day is valued at around R6,000
and is presently in quarantine
while IDC and livestock offi-
cials choose which outer island
has the best conditions for
sheep rearing.

Mr. St. Ange said that if the
Project was successful, sheep
could be offered to farmers for
rearing later on.

These are not the first sheep
on Seychelles as the animals
used to be a familiar sight at
Cascade in the past.

Last year Seychelles im-
ported nearly 48 tonnes of mut-
ton and goat meat at a cost of
over R909,000.

SEYCHELLES



SOUTH AFRICA

NEW CONSTITUTION FACES ECONOMIC CHALLENGE
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 23 Sep 84 p 28
[Article by William Yeowart, president of Assocom]

[Text] This week has seen the opening of the new tricameral Parliament--
the State President has been elected, the whole huge machinery of government
begins to move again, with additional MPs and more committees.

Because of the chosen mechanism of "General Affairs" and "Own Affairs"
there will be a great focus of attention on how successfully or otherwise

the House of Delegates perform in the very necessary task of "bringing home
the bacon."

It is a regrettable function of democracy universally, that this is adjudged
as a measure, often the only measure, of success.

To remain with the culinary metaphor, the cake has to be resliced, there must
and will be a re-allocation of resources, there will be a transfer of income.

Profits

The cake is of course the economy and particularly that part of it that
works in such a way as to produce profits which are taxed, jobs which
produce salaries and wages that are taxed--in fact all those enterprises
and people who are by their activities contributing to the Gross Domestic
Product.

The economy is not in a happy state. It is beset by influences external and
internal which have slowed it down, and skewed it.

At the heart of the problem is the fact that we are well into the eleventh
year of double-digit inflation with little prospect of its diminution.

One of the immediate factors contributing to concern is of course the

increased level and tempo of government expenditure before the constitu-
tional dispensation had even come into being.

66



inefficient farmers who are
kept on the land by Gover-
ment help. According to the
SAAU's survey, 16% of SA’s
farmers have liabilities that
represent 40% or more of
their assets, and 18% have
percentages of 10% to 20%,

Farming leaders realised a
decade ago that matters
were going astray in the agri-
cultural sector. It is now gen-
erally thought that the
drought was the straw that
broke the camel's back; the
cherry on the farm reforma-

tion cake,

‘Apart from inefficient far-
mers, the main areas of con-
cern are the dual questions of
su) Ny ant ice. -
crea Bly ace ted that the
Marketing Act, the umbrella
for most of SA’s 22 marketing
Control Boards, is no longer
the Magna Carta it was
hailed as in 1037.

SA has surpluses and short-
ages of produce; rarely does
a crop ever meet domestic

demand levels. Consumers
see a credibility gap in the
farm sector, as prices rise
annually regardless of short-
ages or surpluses.

Now the SAAU expects
more pertinent questions to
be aimed at the farming sec-
tor. After institution of the
new constitutional dispensa-
tion on September 3, it ex-
pects highly critical ques-

ns on R600-million
(about half will eventually be
recovered as loans) s; ng on
agriculture in the 1984-85 fis-
cal year.

The reality of Government
budget cut-backs will com-
pound the question when de-

ites open in the new tri-
camera] Parliament,

SA is one of only seven net
exporters of food in the
world, having achieved self-
sufficiency for its own needs
for most produce. The blunt

uestion expected from

iberal politicans is justifica-
tion of the hundreds of mil-

Vital Figures on SA's Biggest Industry

cso:

FARMING, as in any West-
ern nation {including the
US), is SA’s biggest industry.
Here are some vital statis-

ics.

‘Until this third year of
successive drought, SA had
been the continent’s farm-
ing jewel. It is still one of
only seven net exporters of
food a the world.

Agriculture ’s big-
gest employer, its least big:
sidised sector, and the big-
gest subsidiser of the
manufacturing industry.

arming’s only subsidy
for interest rates, but most
farm produce is given guar-
ant prices — the main
exceptions being fresh fruit
and vegetables and the
large export crops.

3400/53

Exports

South Africans spend a
third of every disposable in-
come rand on f bever-
ages and tobacco. In 1982,
agriculture accounted for a
tenth of all exports, while
its bill for imports was only
1% of all Imports.

From the Western Cape’s
vineyards to the Maize Tri-
angle’s maize, from the
Karoo’s sheep to the Natal
lowlands’ sugar, the indus-
try is the platteland’s back-

;bone, which accounts for

40% of retail sales and sup-
ports at least half the total
population. .

A third of all manufac-
turing inputs and labour de-

nd entirely on agricul-
ure. SA farm policy fits
somewhere in between the
world’s rich and poor coun-

59

lions of rands handed out toa
sector which according to
micro-economic surveys ts
supporting many inefficient
producers,

On the supply and price
question, the political reality
ds that if the White Paper is
implemented, it will be a
matter of the market decid-
ing what the farmer grows.
‘This is diametrically opposed
to the present situation
where the farmer decides
what he will or (and any
farmer will admit he prefers
this), knowing there is a guar-
anteed price when the crop is
harvested.

Prices, farm leaders say,
will become more politicised,
particularly for the staple
foods such as maize meal and
bread. The consumer will de-
mand the most food for the
lowest price. If it is general!
perceived that the market is
giving the consumer the best
price, the resistance to prices
may diminish.

ies.

The rich countries, where
obesity is one of the main
problems, produce farm
surpluses because of too-
high incentives. In the poor
countries not enough food is
produced because govern-
ments depress farm prices.
The poverty trap means
subsistence farming and
the starvation problem.

SA’s biggest industry is
the most efficient on a con-
tinent which can produce
100 times more food than it
does now. Fertiliser, trac-
tor, irrigation, herbicide
and pesticide Industries de
pend on it.

Farming needs to be
monitored because of its
strategic importance, huge
size, all-; rvading pres.
ence and its vulnerability to
the manufacturing sector.



GUINEA

BRIEFS

RICE GIFT TO GUINEA--Two thousand tons of rice were presented to Guinea this
morning by the USSR. The presentation ceremony, held at Conakry Harbor, was
chaired by Planning and Statistics Minister Captain Bahourou Conde and the
USSR ambassador to Guinea, His Excellency Vladimir Kitayev. [Summary]
[AB092127 Conakry Domestic Service in French 1945 GMT 9 Oct 84]

CSO: 3419/44

16



The Reserve Bank's intervention in the foreign exchange market takes the
form of purchases and sales of US dollars. By this operation, the Reserve
Bank aims to counteract exchange rate movements which it deems undesirable.

Sweeping changes also affected the forward market.

Authorised dealers can no longer obtain exchange rate cover from the Reserve
Bank in the form of forward exchange contracts. They can enter swaps with
the Reserve Bank in order to cover their forward positions in the market.

The Reserve Bank still makes available forward cover for periods up to 12
months and still quotes margins for forward cover transactions which now
take the form of swaps.

Gold mines have been given permission to sell part of their expected dollar
proceeds from the sale of gold in the forward exchange market for a maximum
period of 12 months.

The Treasury limited its risk from the provision of forward cover. The
Reserve Bank allocated each dealer a quota on the maximum net amount they
could buy or sell to the Reserve Bank. .

The Reserve Bank, on behalf of the Treasury, continues to grant forward
cover for periods longer than 12 months to public authorities and government
bodies. .

The authorities’ intention now is to further improve the technical function—
ing of the foreign exchange market. This is intended to lead to a further
simplification and relaxation of exchange control on residents.

But the economic and political conditions in the country will have to be
buoyant before this is done.

cso: 3400/53

33



MINERAL EXPORTS' OUTLOOK BRIGHTER

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 30 Sep 84 p 10

[Article by Roy Bennetts]

[Text]

cso:

3400/53

OPTIMISM for 1985 appears
to be the theme of the Miner-
als Bureau’s publication
“South Africa’s Mineral Ex-
ports ‘outlook for 1984
and 1985”.

It is assumed in the report
that both the US dollar and
interst rates will show a
modest decline during the
course of 1985, and that the
rate of economic revival in
the USA will moderate. Infla-
tion in South Africa will be
marginal, with no significant
escalation.

On the basis of these as-
Sumptions, an average gold
price of $364 an ounce at an
exchange rate of $0,70/R
equating to R16718 a kilo-

ram is predicted for 1984.

e forecast being that there
will be a small increase in
the average price to $370 an
ounce, at an exchange rate of
$0,65/R. This will produce a
rand price of R18 300 a kilo-

gram.

Gold is predicted to de-
cline to 73% of the overall
minéral exports in 1984, from
the 74,1% of 1983. Non-gold

53

exports are expected to in-
crease in value by 18,9% to
just over R4 000-million.

‘otal exports should grow by
some 14% to R15 700-million,
with overall mineral sales
rising to R18 500-million.
‘These all represent record
earnings in current rand
‘eerort ft r

earnings from gold
should increase ty just over
10% to R12627-million in
1985, with diamonds and sil-
ver slightly improved to a
total export figure of R683,5-
million. .

Indications are that coal
will be one of the star per-
formers of 1984, with exports
mass rising to 35-million tons
and earnings by nearly 37%
to Ri 575-million. Exports of
38-million tons are expected
for 1985, with earnings ap-
proaching R2 000-million.

Non-gold exports in 1985
should increase in value by
20,9% to R5100-million and
total exports , including gold,
by 13,1% to R17 700-million.

‘rings from local as well
as export sales could vel
well reach the R21 000-mili-
lion level.

SOUTH AFRICA



CSSR OFFICIAL ON SUCCESS OF VISIT

Victoria NATION in English 14 Sep 84 pp 1, 10

[Text]

THE President = of ~~ the
Czechoslovak Union of Women
(CUW).. Mrs. Maria Kabrhe-
lova. left Seychelles yesterday
afternoon with what she des-
cribed as an unforgettable im-
pression of the considerable
progress the country and its wo-

men had made in just seven '

years.

“What we have scen here in

just four days we will never

forget.” Mrs. Kabrhclova told '
the press at the airport after a‘

four-day familiarisation visit
accompanied by Mrs. Eva
Mickova of the Union's inter-
national relations section.

“Anyone who. visits your
country as an objective friend
— and coming from a fellow
socialist country we think that
we are your friends — has to
accept that within the last seven
years. you have achieved a lot
of successes and brought about
many changes. said Mrs:
Kabrhelova, who is also a
member of the Central Com-
mittee of the Czechoslovak
Communist Party.

The CUW delegation
particularly admired Seychel-
les’ progress in education,
youth development, health,
housing and care for the elderly
and in improving the general
living standards of thé people.

19

SEYCHELLES

Mrs. Kabrhelova and Mrs.
Mickova made special mention
of the opportunities Seychelles
offered its women to be able to
truly develop their capacities
equally alongside the men.

“Your women have suc-
ceeded in reaching a very high
degree of emancipation and we
were proud to sce two women
as secretaries of the Central
Committee of the Party and
many others holding very im-
portant posts,” Mrs.
Kabrhelova said.

The CUW delegation also
elaborated on their impres-
sions of the National Youth
Service which, they said, had
apparently established a place
for itself in the development of
the society.

The Czechoslovak women
were pleased to see how the
NYS was cultivating a spirit of
and collective
self-reliance in the students
while helping them to develop
into skilled. respectful. disci-
plined and hard-working
citizens.

Mrs. Kabrhelova noted that
all this progress was the result
of a bold and ambitious party
(Seychelles People’s Progr
sive Front) programme that
was very demanding. but which



cso:

Someone not versed
in surgery would look
ridiculous trying to at-
tempt a delicate opera-
tion, he said. Someone
not versed in Jaw would
make a mess of plead-
ing a delicate case. And
yet, he added, someone
with no special training
could perform an oper-
ation on a novel or pass
sentence on a poem.

No one disputed the
fact that some terms
were derogatory and of-
fensive and were right-
ly condemned. But it
had to be borne in mind
that the unacceptable
terms of today might
have been the accept-
able terms of yester-
day.

Although there had
always been resentment
over their use, there
was grudging accep-
tance rather than out-
right rejection.

Hence there had been
institutions, such as the
Kaffir College; Plaatje

3400/53

wrote a book called
Native Life in South
Africa, and a regiment
proudly had called itself
the Cape Coloured
Corps.

Not long ago two rad-
ical organisations had
called themselves the
Non-European Unity
Movement and the Col-
oured People’s Con-
gress. However, he
added, in the present
climate such ethnic des-
ignations were rightly
unacceptable.

His view was: “Much
as I, as an author, may
reject them, my racial-
ly arrogant, bigotted
and chauvinistic char-
acter (with whom I do
not identify) cannot do
so.

“Tt is the author’s
standpoint which should
be put under the micro-
scope, not that of his
characters.

“If it is apparent in
the work that the au-

86

thor himself adopts a

racist position and is

using his racial charac-

ters merely as a spring-

board for his views, I.
will still defend his

right to create his dis-

torted literature but

will also assert my.
right to challenge his

distortions.

“But if the work as a
whole is an indictment
against racialism, then
the author has every
tight to create a char-
acter who is a racist, as
a counter to characters *
who are not.”

In South Africa’s still
racist society those
issues were important,
he said.

And there were more
than enough laws to
protect those (such as
minors) who might be
susceptible to racism. -

“But let thinking peo-
ple make up their own
minds,” he said, “and
eliminate such works
only as a last resort.”



SOUTH AFRICA

LABOUR REBELS 'STILL TO EMERGE’
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 23 Sep 84 p 2

[Text] The Labour Party-~which this week aborted plans to create a fake
opposition in the House of Representatives--is still sharply divided with
"real" rebels waiting in the wings to seize power.

This week 30 caucus members urged the chopping of the party's. chief whip,
Mr Willie Dietrich.

And indications are that party leader the Rev Allan Hendrickse will be
grilled over several controversial Ministers’ Council appointments at the
party's National Executive Committee meeting in Beaufort West in the first
week of November.

Mr Dietrich is one of Mr Hendrickse's confidants. But his appointment to
the influential chief whip's position has annoyed party loyalists and they
claimed this week his lack of experience in parliamentary procedure was
causing tension among those who sought his guidance,

This week the Labour Party did a “patch-up" job between themselves and

a "rebel group," led by the Mr Peter Mopp (MP for Border), whose breakaway
was really aimed at ousting the People's Congress Party from the President's
Council.

Disgruntled

The day after the patch-up, the "rebel" leader accompanied Mr Hendrickse to
lunch with the US Ambassador.

But now the real rebels in the party are poised to wrest power from the
hands of Mr Hendrickse's appointees.

These disgruntled LP members maintain Mr Hendrickse has hand-picked his ow

men--in some cases men with unremarkable political track records--simply
because he could depend on their loyalty.

40



SOUTH AFRICA

LACK OF OBVIOUS SUCCESSOR FOR PIK BOTHA NOTED

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 30 Sep 84 p 35

[Article by David Breier]

[Text]

cso:

CAPE TOWN — PRESIDENT P W
Botha lacks one asset in his new
seat of power — an obvious and un-
disputed successor.

There are several heirs apparent,
but can any of them maintain Mr
Botha’s reform momentum?

The general favourite is Mr F W
de Klerk, largely because he is
Transvaal leader of the National
Party.

Mr de Klerk is likely to be re-
elected unopposed as Transvaal NP
leader at next week’s party con-
gress, despite a rumour that Minis-
ter of Foreign Affairs Mr Pik Botha
might make a challenge.

Mr de Klerk, the Minister of
Home Affairs and National Educa-
tion, would be an able successor to
President Botha. But the chances
are that he would retard reform.

Transvaal has more seats in Par-
liament than any other province —
providing his power base. But it is
politically paralysed because a
large chunk of the local party has
already defected to the Conserva-

tives. - ~
Vitis dilemma is also illustrated by

his cautious statements on issues

3400/53

such as the abolition of the Mixed
Marriages Act, and he has some-
times been a less than enthusiastic
reformist.

The rest of the Cabinet “A Team”
of presidential calibre at this stage
are Mr Pik Botha, Mr Chris Heunis
and Dr Gerrit Vijoen.

Mr Pik Botha would probably be
even more aggressively reformist
than his namesake, but would he
get away with it?

Mr Heunis, as the acknowledged
architect of the constitution and
Minister of Constitutional Develop-
ment and Planning, is closest to
the heart of Government reformist
thinking.

But despite exhaustive media ex-
posure, his public image is still
wanting. However, as a Cape man,
he could take over the power base.

Dr Viljoen, Minister of Co-opera-
tion, Development and Education,
might be the ideal compromise can-
didate.

He is neither aggressively refor-
mist nor has he shied away from
Government reform. His intellect is
awesome and, as a former Broe-
derbond leader, his credentials are
of the highest.

81



SOUTH AFRICA

FARMING INDUSTRY DIFFICULTIES REPORTED
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 30 Sep 84 p 30
[Article by Barry Sergeant]

[Text]

INEFFICIENT far-
mers, once the most
protected species in

, are being aban-
doned. °

‘The once-fatherly SA Agri-
cultural Union is set to cut its
ties with many of its 60 000
wards, Farmers will in
future be subject to the same
economic forces as small
businessmen — and thou-
sands may bite the dust.

These are the major con-
clusions of the most compre-
hensive financial survey yet
conducted by the SAAU, a
study forced on itby the third
successive year of drought.
Final findings are ex]
to be formally released in
mid-October.

There is consensus among
agricultural leaders that the
sector will have to adapt to
free market conditions.
Farm leaders hope to see
change in Supply, patterns,
lower prices and inefficient
farmers being replaced.

Johan Willemse, SA Agri-
cultural Union (SAU) chief
economist, says: “In line with
the Government's White
‘Paper earlier this year, agri-
culturalists are realising that
farming is not a God-given
right.

Bankruptcy

“Farmers will have to be
treated like any other small
businessman. a farmer
cannot produce profits, he

will have to face bankruptcy
and leave the land. The one
and only exception to this
would be where the farmer
has suffered a climatic ca-
lamity, which even the best
manager cannot hedge
against.”

“The time has come to
realise that farmers run @
Management and investment
risk like any other entrepre-
neur. Seen macro-economic-
ally, there is no reason why
the weaker farmers should
not be replaced by new far-
mers entering the industry.”

Amazing statistics con-
cerning farmers’ debt posi-
tion have also been exposed
for the first time. The survey
concludes that 47% of far-
mers have liabilities that
comprise just 10% or even
Jess of their assets.
th ‘This is in stark contrastie

e picture paint e
agricultural lobby. It was
thought that agriculture was
debt-ridden and on the edge
of total bankruptcy after
three years of drought. But
althought the liability/asset
relationship is extremely
healthy, most farmers do
have cash-flow problems.

Interest

‘Some of the reasons for the
financial soundness of nearly
half of SA’s farmers are:

@ The average interest paid
on debt. Mr Willemse has cal-
culated that the average in-
terest rate paid on agricul-
ture’s estimated R10 000-

58

million debt is 15%, well
below the prime bank rate of
25%. The 15% is a weighted
average and includes short-
term and consolidated long-
term debt.
@The role of SA’s 320 co-
gperatives in self-help during
fe drought years. The co-ops
created large reserve funds
in the good years and used
the cash during the drought
to help farmers’ cash-flow.
The standard method among
co-ops is to average out a
farmers’ crop for two or
three years prior to crop fail-
ures and pay the farmer for a
crop failure as if it had been
harvested. The amount paid
‘out by the co-ops on this basis
over the three years
runs into hundreds of mil-
Uons of rand.
@ Survival methods used by
successful farmers during
the drought years. SA’s tax
system encourages farmers
to Spend in good years, as the
cost of capital ‘spendirig (a
wide category) Is deductable
against income.

Replaced

These tax laws meant that
after a series of good years, a
farm unit would have re-
placed capital goods at a

faster rate than normal and

would be well placed to stand
up to several years of
drought by maintenance and
repair instead of replace-
ment.

What is worrying farm
leaders now is the future of



PORT ELIZABETH HURT BY RECESSION

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 30 Sep 84 p 9

[Article by Eddie Andries]

[Text]

THE motor industry is skidding
into the sharpest economic bend in its
50-year history in Port Elizabeth,

Hundreds of motor trade workers
who have lost their jobs through staff
pruning in recent weeks have pushed
the city’s official unemployment figure
past a record 100000, with more ex-
pected to join the workless queues.

‘The recession is the dominant topic
of conversation. Parties are more sub-
dued, and there are fewer of them. A
mood of gloom grips the community.

Take 36-year-old Murray Calitz. He
was one of several hundred laid off by
one company. “It was a tremendous
blow to my self-esteem,” he said.

Mr Calitz, married with two young
children had always felt secure and
happy in the three years he had worked
for the company as a motor spare
parts price analyst. Then came the
shattering news...

But he is one of the luckier ones. He
has got a job as an insurance salesman
and his wife is now working.

Colin Augulhas was laid off for the
second time in two years a fortnight
ago. He was a senior quality controller
in a car components factory and
earned, with overtime, R200 a week.

He has been unable to find a new job
and this week will register for unem-
ployment benefits which will amount
to 45 percent of what he'was earning.
He and his two children, aged four and
two, will be supported by his wife, who
is working.

82

Raymond Mbilane was retrenched
ast week for the second time in four
years. A labourer earning R2,69 an
hour he has a wife and a year-old-
daughter to support and does not quali-
fy for unemployment benefit.

He plans to take his driving licence
examination — even though he knows
his chances of finding a job as a driver

are slim.

Attempts to help such people are
being made by Les Kettledas, secre-
tary of the Eastern Province branch of
the National Automobile and Allied
Workers’ Union, which has more than
10000 members in the Port Elizabeth
area.

He is pressing employers to agree to
lay-offs on a rotation basis so that no
one will be fired. The response has not
been favourable.

The regional representative of the
Department of Welfare, Jacobus Oden-
daal, said: “Our waiting room is be-
corning fuller each day as more people
come in for assistance.”

Mayor Ivan Krige says Port Eliza-
beth is too dependent on the motor in-
dustry, and he wants more diversifica-
tion.

“It’s a situation that affects every-
one. There are such widespread ripple
effects that even the local chocolate
factory is affected.”

Port Elizabeth survives almost sole-
ly on the backs of Ford, Volkswagen
and General Motors, which have intro-



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

POLICE INVESTIGATIONS--The South African Police says police and Security
Police will investigate any laws contravened, or indication that laws are
being contravened, irrespective of employment or social standing. In
response to reports that Security Police are involved in spying on civil
servants opposed to the new multiracial Parliament, the SAP Directorate

of Public Relations said: "The SA Police which includes the Security
Branch, do not concern themselves with the lawful and democratic political
expression and activity of any individual or organisation. "However, one of
the functions of the SAP is the preservation of the internal security of
the Republic. To assist the police in this task the legislature has promul-
gated certain laws. Were any one of these laws contravened, or should there
be any indication of such an intention, the SAP has a duty to launch an
investigation. "In such an instance, sphere of employment and social
standing will not be a consideration." [Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY
MAIL in English 24 Sep 84 p 7]

REGULATION OF BUSINESS--The idea of industrial development being strongly
influenced by government policy took a knock--to a round of "hear, hears"--
at the Institute of Directors' conference this week. The conference, held
in Johannesburg, looked at strategic planning for the future business
environment. Dr Francois Jacobsz, a member of the President's Council

and a director of companies, including Leyland (South Africa), was warned
that some of his ideas were "gravely dangerous" to South African business.
Dr Jacobsz had said that the phasing out of inefficient ones was regarded
as a function of government. But the administrative director of the Free
Market Foundation, Mr Eustace Davie, told Dr Jacobsz that business was a
discovery process and that the "right thing" to do was to find out by the
painful process of "risk-taking and a great deal of failure." As far as
monopolies were concerned, Mr Davie said he wanted to "leap to the defence"
of businessmen. The Small Business Development Corporation had identified
excessive regulations as the greatest problem preventing small businesses

from functioning, he said. "Take them away and small businesses will be
created by people who want to further their own economic positions," Mr
Davie said. "A free market is not achieved by state planning but through

de-regulation." [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS EXPRESS in English
23 Sep 84 p 1 BJ

117



TREASON TRIAL CONVICTIONS--Three whites originally charged with high treason
were yesterday convicted on alternative charges, it was announced in the
Pretoria Supreme Court. Sentence will be passed today on Roland Mark Hunter,
25, of Forest Town, Johannesburg, Derek Andre Hanekom, 31, and his wife, Patri-~
cia Elizabeth Hanekom, 27, of Magaliesburg. All three were yesterday found
guilty by Mr Justice D.J. Curlewis on charges of contravening the Defence,
Publications and Internal Security Acts after a two-day hearing held in
camera. Hunter, a former clerk with the Military Intelligence of the South
African Defence Force, was found guilty of contravening Section 118(4) of
the Defence Act of 1957. This section has to do with SADF members disclosing
confidential information relating to the defence of the country to unauthor—
ised people. Derek Hanekom and his wife were both found guilty of contra-
vening Section 8(1)(d) of the Publications Act of 1974, which has to do with
the possession of prohibited publications disseminated by unlawful organisa-
tions. Patricia Hanekom was found guilty, too, of contravening Section
56(1)(p) of the Internal Security Act, which deals with the production of
prohibited publications. Mr Don Brunette SC, the Attorney-General, and

Dr J. D'Oliveira appeared for the State. Mr E. Wentzel SC, with Mr N. de Vos
and Mr G. Marcus, appeared for the three, [Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY
MAIL in English 26 Sep 84 p 5]

COTTON FARMING URCED--The SA Agricultural Union has made an all-out appeal
for farmers who have suitable growing conditions to grow cotton in the new
planting season. Gert Schoonbee, chairman of the SA Agricultural Union's
National Cotton Committee, says SA desperately needs cotton. Low SA produc~
tion must be topped up by imports costing hundreds of millions of rand a year
in foreign exchange. Mr Schoonbee made the appeal at a meeting between the
Cotton Board and SA spinners on Friday. He said cotton producers should take
note that 323 000 bales of cotton is used in SA but supply was only 167 000
bales during the 1983/84 season. During the meeting it was agreed with
spinners that the basic price payable to the producer will increase by at
least 10% for the 1984/85 season. Mr Schoonbee said: "An increase in cotton
production in the new season has the further benefit that it will lead to a
cut in the processing costs at millers, The processing costs for the 1982/83
season were 27c/kg for the 137 000 bales of cotton handled by millers. "During
the 1983/84 season costs dropped to 15c/kg because millers handled 300 000
cotton bales," he said. [Text] [Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English

30 Sep 84 p 5]

ZAMBEZI WATER TO REEF-~Zambezi River water may soon be piped to the Reef.

Mr Braam Raubenheimer, a former Minister of Water Affairs and now chairman of
a Government committee investigating Vaal River water supply, said in Pretoria
yesterday that proposals to bring Zambezi water to the Vaal Dam were being
Studied. South Africa was responsible for the economic development of the
sub-continent and inter-state negotiations aimed at integrating water resources
were on the cards, he said. Another innovation to be considered was to make
capital for a water supply independent from the Treasury. Water supply should
follow independent long-term planning and it could be feasible to set up an
Escom-type corporation to provide and sell water on an economic basis, he said.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 29 Sep 84 p 3]

cso: 3400/52

120


cso:

with different departure times
for cach vessel. and the effi-
ciency of the freight service
would be improved with the
setting up of a shipping agent
and a sorting house for goods.
Looking at the special case of
the Island Development Com-
pany (IDC) which uses its own
vessels to carry passengers and
goods to and from its outlying
islands, the Central Bank
noted that the costs of operat-
ing the 25-year-old “Lady
Esme’ seemed to be conside-
rable, about 36 per cent higher
than’ those for operating the
new schooner ‘Argo’. The
‘Lady Esme’ was considered to
be risky ship and the IDC was
considering buying two re-
placement vessels as an urgent
priority. Like ‘Argo’ these
would be equipped with cold
storage fa

These vessels would also be
used for training young sailors
which would minimize running
costs.

The Government considers
the setting up of an efficient
maritime transport network ex-
tremely important to a really
national development of the
country.

The Central Bank survey re-

3400/61

ferred to past: National De-
velopment Plans to underscore
this. The 1977-81 Plan had, as
‘one of the Government's main
aims and objectives. the
“economic development of the
whole of Seychelles. including
the outer islands”, The Plan
recognised that “the major ob-
stacle to: development is trans-
port: overcoming this will re-
quire integration. both
geographically and sectorally in
order to provide the necessary
services at a cost which will not
prejudice the development of
the islands”.

Uhe third Plan stressed that a
“piecemeal approach to the de-
velopment of these islands will
not suffice. but rather there
must be an integrated planning
of investment. especially in in-
frastructure such as_ water,
electricity and transport
facilities”.

The Seychelles archipelego
consists of some 115 individual
islands, many of which are
located very far from Mahé,
the furthest. the Aldabra atoll.
being 1,150 kilometres away.
The islands form a total area of
453 square kilometres scattered
over an ocean area of approxi-
mately one million square

27

kilometres. To every square
kilometre of land. therefore,
there are over 2.200 square
kilometres of ocean,

An average of 113 trips per
year are made between Mahé
and the other islands. About
720 trips are made. between
Mahé and Prastin per year and
480 between Mahé and La Di-
gue. The third most active
route is between Mahé and Ile
aux Vaches with about 36 trips
each year transporting supplies
for tourists who fly to the is-
land. Coetivy ranks fourth with
24 trips per year. About 69 trips
are made annually to other
IDC islands.

At present’ the ‘Belle
Praslinoise’. ‘Bellone’ and
‘Louis Alfred’ ply the Prastin
route. The ‘Pelina’ and *Aroha*
do the La Digue route. The
‘Silhouette’. ‘Ideal’ and ‘Lady
Mary’ are on the Praslin — La
Digue run.

‘Lady Esme’ and.‘Argo’ sail
between Mahé and the outlying
islands of the IDC while other
outer islands are occasionally
served by schooners on the
Mahé — Praslin — La Digue
route,



Moreover, in the works of Marx and Engels there are descriptions and practical
examples of the most important principles and features of the communist press.
This establishes its role in the fight against feudal and bourgeois systems
its use as a weapon of the party. and a means of uniting its followers.

However, it remained to be Lenin's job to carry out what had been known
earlier. Not a single party and state figure, not a single revolutionary or
scholar devoted such attention, energy and creative enthusiasm to the theory
and practice of journalism as did Lenin.

Lenin, the creator and leader of the Communist Party and the creator of the
press of a new type--its organizer and leader, publicist and theoretician--
and did not only regard the press as the shaprest weapon of struggle, as a
medium of propaganda, agitation and organization, but he simply could not
also imagine any successful activities of the Communist Party and the Soviet
State without the press.

In Lenin's words, in so far as political freedom has not been attained, it
must be replaced by a revolutionary paper, without which in Russia it was
impossible to achieve any broad organization of the working class movement.

"The Central point of all the revolutionary, propagandistic, agitational and
organizational activities," he added, "can and must be the organ of the
party." Lenin as the organizer and head of "Iskra" (Spark), which was the
creator and organ of the party, was guided by these principles. Even apart
from such an exceptionally high assessment of a revolutionary organ, it is
necessary to call attention to the fact that Lenin, simultaneously, singled
out the role of such an organ under the most reactionary, anti-democratic
conditions. But even with the attainment of democratic freedom, according
to Lenin, the role of the revolutionary press remains important, because
democracy does not do away with class struggle. It only makes it conscious,
free and open and the role of real revolutionaries to fight for its unremit-
ting development and to lead this struggle to its proper conclusion.

Later on Lenin noted opportunities of the bourgeois as the most virulent
counter-revolution in the press sphere, since "the press is the centre and
the foundation of political organization..." and therefore, "in the land of
the Soviets, surrounded by enemies, to permit freedom of the press, would
mean to permit the bourgeois the freedom to politically unite itself.

The Leninist conception is based on unshakable class foundation and the unity
of the press with the liberation movement of the working class. This con-
dition, the sphere of the objective laws of the press, characterizes its
political tendency, including whatever has a relation to its principles

such as a communist ideology and partisanship.

In a political newspaper there is no, and there cannot be purely informative
or entertaining material. Everything fulfils a propagandist or agitational
role and, at the same time, serves its class. A word, which in corresponding
manner formulates the consciousness of its readers, the ideological unifica-
tion of its adherents, arousing them to struggle and enriching their
experience from such struggle, acts as an organizer.



UNIONISTS, EMPLOYERS SLAM NEW LABOUR LAW

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 27 Sep 84 p 6

[Article by Carolyn Dempster]

[Text]

Controversy and haste
have characterised the
path of the Labour Re-
lations Amendment
Act of 1984.

In spite of employers’
urging that the legisla-
tion be shelved until the
National Manpower
Commission completes
its crucial reports on
union registration and
collective bargaining,
and in spite of strong op-
position to the proposed
changes from unions and
the PFP, the Bill was
pushed through Parlia-
ment without significant
revision in July this year.

As the Act stands,
there is a lack of clarity,
and several anomalies
and the amendments
have engendered doubt
and suspicion.

STATE CONTROL

SA Institute of Race
Relations senior _re-
searcher Ms Carole Coo-
per states that much of
the criticism has been
levelled because of per-
ceived “increased State
control over the collec-
tive bargaining process,
undermining the funda-
mental principle of self-
governance in labour re-

42

lations that was the guid-
ing principle of the Wie-
hahn Commission.”

Critics maintain ‘that
certain of the amend-
ments will lead to insta-
bility and an increase in
labour unrest, she adds.

Nonetheless, the Act
looks: set to remain in
force until at least the
end of 1985, says Mr MH
van Noordwyk, the De-
partment of Manpower’s
chief director of labour
relations.

This has since been
confirmed by the deputy
Director-General of Man-
power, Dr C P Scheepers.

13 GROUPS

However, there are at
least 13 large employer
organisations and unions
who would argue that not
a great deal has been
achieved by the . key
amendments to the Act,
among them the SA Fe-
‘derated Chamber of In-
dustries, the General
Workers’ Union, the Pre-
mier Group and the Steel
and Engineering Indus-
tries Federation of South
Africa (Seifsa).

Major clauses of con-
tention are:

SOUTH AFRICA



ETHIOPIA

ROLE OF 'SERTO ADER’ DETAILED
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 16 Sep 84 pp 2, 6
[Article by Melaku G/Yohannes: "The Party Organ"]

[Text] The great Russian revolutionaty democrat A.I. Gerzen noted that the
press or propaganda is clearly divided into two parts, "on the one hand is
the word, advice, analysis, disclosures, theory; on the other, training the
masses, building inner and outer relations." This means that the press has
the ability to become not only an ideological but also a practical organiza—
tional centre.

The paramount importance and dynamism of the press stems from its being a
means of spreading official news and government directives, a channel of
information, the disseminator of enlightenment and human ideas, the dis-
closure of shortcomings, a sharp weapon of class and party struggle, a means
of revolutionary education and unification of the masses. Items of news,
knowledge, the educational possibilities of the press in the organ of each
of the press camps found a very definite filtration and acquired its own
interpretation.

K. Marx and F. Engels were able to reveal in depth the most important
objective laws and principles of the press in the epoch of the capitalism's
development with its class antagonisms and class struggles.

Immediately after actively entering into publicist and editorial work, when
he still upheld not a proletarian but a revolutionary democratic position,
Marx said that the press has its inner laws that cannot and must not be.
arbitrarily revolved. No one can impress on it something that is alien to
its nature.

K. Marx discovered very shortly that behind the press there stand classes
which determine its position on which it is fully dependent. Then, with a
maximum clarity, he showed that the class which has material means at its
disposal, also owns the intellectual or mental means, and therefore the
thinking of those who do not have these means is subordinated to the ruling
class.



FERROCHROME EXPORTS INCREASE SIGNIFICANTLY

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 30 Sep 84 p 5

[Text]

SOUTH Africa's ferrochrome
producers are making dra-
matic inroads on the world’s
stainless steel industry.

.. Dr Jack. Kearney, chair-
man of Samancor, estimates
exports world-wide this year
at 800 000tons. These will earn
357-million dollars which goes
a fair way towards supple-
menting the country’s flag-
ging foreign exchange re-
serves.

Reasons for the swing (the
past few years have been unu-
sually difficult for the indus-
try) include South Africa‘s
lowproduction costs, the effi-
ciency of the country’s pro-
ducers and the upswing in
western economies.

SA reserves of chrome ore
(chromite), the raw material
for ferrochrome, amount to
about 3000-million tons and
represent 75 to 80 percent of
western world reserves.

SA chromite production
costs are the world’s lowest,
and at current rates of min-
ing, around 3,5 million tons
per year, reserves are suffi-
cient for centuries.

Five major ferrochrome
plants have been established
in the Transvaal close to the
major chrome mines and Wit-
bank coalfield, and one at
Krugersdorp:

@ Tubatse Ferrochrome -
Union Carbide and Gencor,

36

© Consolidated Metallurgical
Industries - JCI,

@ Middleburg Steel and

Alloys -Barlow Rand,

@ Feralloys - Anglovaal and
Ore and Metal, os

@ Ferrometals and Crometals
~ Samancor.

These plants, incorporating
the latest pyrometallurgical
development, have an annual
combined capacity of over
900000 tons per year, by far
the largest of any country in
the world

Producers world-wide re-
quire about 2,5 tons of chro-
mite and one ton of flux, coal
and coke per ton of alloy,
often transported over thou-
sands of kilometres. Con-
versely average raw material
distances in SA are 160 km,
and after conversion only one
ton of alloy is carried. .

Recovery of chromium in
SA is up to 90 percent in cer-
tain processes, reducing chro
mite requirements to under 2
tons per ton of alloy.

In USA and Europe power
consumption is typically 4000
kWh per ton compared with
as little as 2800 in SA,
through a different energy
mix and re-use of furnace
gasses.

Electricity costs in SA are
one-third of those in Japan
and lower than in most parts
‘of the US and Europe.

SOUTH AFRICA



320-4

POST READERSHIP

300

260

4

1984

260:

240

198:

220

8 200.
iz

1984

Fa
180
3

1983
}z 140

120
100

60
40

°

DURBAN. . NATAL : TOTAL

1984

cso: 3400/53

116


the adults' training centre in Jijjiga town. Speaking at the ceremony,
Comrade Kassenge noted the contributions of the inhabitants of Jijjiga
province in keeping their localities free from anti-people elements and
their laudable participation in economic construction. Comrade Kassenge
advised the militiamen to translate into deeds the knowledge and ideas they
acquired during the training period. Present at the ceremony were members
of the provincial WPE Committee and representatives of government departments
and mass organizations. Present at the ceremony were members of the provin-
cial WPE Committee and representatives of ‘government departments and mass
organizations. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English

29 Sep 84 p 6] ne

KAFFA POLICE AWARDS~-Jimma (ENA)-~Meritorious members of the Revolutionary
Police in Kaffa region were awarded special prizes and certificates recently
for their outstanding contribution in various spheres. The awards were
handed out to the recipients by Comrade Col Atlabachew Gashaw, Commander

of the Revolutionary Police in the region. Comrade Col Atlabachew noted

that the Revolution safeguarded through the immense sacrifice paid by the
men in uniform has now attained a vanguard party guided by genuine Marxism-
Leninism and reminded members of the regional police to work harder.

Artistic troupes of the regional police:presented a drama highlighting

the injustice suffered by the broad masses of Ethiopia prior to the eruption
of the revolution and the victories scoréd ‘during the last decade. Mean-
while, the last 11 adults to be freed from illiteracy from among the Revolu-
tionary Police members in Kaffa region recently received certificates after
successfully completing their literacy education. Persons who had served

in the executive committee of the literacy campaign among the policemen and
37 police members who participated in the teaching process from the eighth to
the 11th round were also presented with certificates of participation and

and prizes by Comrade Major Bekole Yimer, Head of the Political department
of Kaffa regional revolutionary police. Present on the occasion were Comrade
Col Atlabachew Gashaw, Chief of the regional Police Force, high ranking
officers and other members of the Revolutionary Police. [Text] [Addis Ababa
THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 30 Sep 84 pp 1, 5]

cso: 3400/63

15



Comrade Tadesse Worku, Chairman of the Revolutionary Ethiopia Students’ Union
chapter in Europe, said that the union's chapter in Europe came into existence
24 years ago and that it was restructured under the Revolutionary Ethiopia
Youth Association during its 20th congress which took place in the German
Democratic Republic (GDR) three years ago.

The Revolutionary Ethiopia Students’ Union in Europe has three zonal, 13
branches, 64 local and 240 basic bodies and comprises over 4,000 Ethiopian
students and workers.

Comrade Alemu Bewketu, Chairman of the Revolutionary Ethiopia Students’
Union chapter in Cuba said on his part that the union's chapter in Cuba
was formed before the establishment of REYA and that at present it is
embraced by REYA.

Comrade Alemu revealed that the students' association in Cuba has 3,500
members.

The Chairman of the two students' associations pointed out that their
associations were exerting every effort to raise the level of consciousness
of the members.

The two comrades said that a conspicuous role is being played to enlighten
the members with the objective reality in Ethiopia. The associations have
also contributed their due share in supporting compatriots affected by
natural and man-made calamities.

The comrades noted that the members, realizing that the National Military
Service is their right and duty, have completed the necessary formalities.
(ENA)

CSO: 3400/63

10



Bophuthatswana Defense Force Described
(ARMED FORCES, Sep 84) ..cccccccccecceccccrsccereseesseses 97

Impact of Defense Budget Cuts Predicted

(Gavin Evans; RAND DAILY MAIL, 22 Sep 84) ..ssseeeeee 100
Banning Not Successful Weapon

(Carolyn Dempster; THE STAR, 29 Sep 84) .... seeee 102
Arms Dealing Incident Spotlighted

(Graham Ferreira; THE SUNDAY STAR, 30 Sep 84) .. 104
Squatters Stone Police After Demolition Raid

(RAND DAILY MAIL, 28 Sep 84) . . 106
Swartkops Workshops To Repair Mozambican Locomotives

(WEEKEND POST, 15 Sep 84) .....eeee- se eeeee 107

Gandhi Granddaughter Fights Slums
(Victor Mallet; RAND DAILY MAIL, 28 Sep 84) ..sceeeeceeees 108

Consequences of Harboring Detainees Discussed
(Brian Pottinger; SUNDAY TIMES, 30 Sep 84) ..ccceseeeeeeee 109

Acid Rain May Push Up Cost of Power
(Roy Bennetts; SUNDAY TIMES, 30 Sep 84) ....seeceeeeeeeeee LIL

DAILY NEWS Gains New Readers
(THE DAILY NEWS, 21 Sep 84) .ecccececcececececeescececeves 113

POST Readership Figures Reported

(POST NATAL, 26-29 Sep 84) .s.eeeeceeceees bene eet eeeceeeee 115
Briefs
Police Investigations 117
Regulation of Business 117
Solidarity Party Plans 118
Transkei Expels Students 118
Liaison With Mozambique 118
‘Sick Society’ Claim 118
Taiwanese Collaboration on Semiconductors 119
Funds for Biotechnology 119
Marine Science at UPR 119
Treason Trial Convictions 120
Cotton Farming Urged 120
Zambezi Water To Reef 120
TANZANIA

Status of Relations With China Reviewed
(DAILY NEWS, 18 Sep 84) wescccccecceccscecesccecscecceeees 121

-e-



HP 2 . . TANZANIA

BRIEFS

DELEGATION TO BULGARIA-~The Chief Justice, Ndugu Francis Nyalali, was
expected to leave Dar es Salaam last night for Bulgaria on a two-week tour.
Ndugu Nyalali is aceompanied by Dodoma High.Court Judge, Ndugu K.S. Luga-
kingira and Dr S.J. Mbwana of the Judiciary Department,. Ministry of Justice.
According to Shihata, the CJ is expected to study the legal system in that
socialist country. ._ [Text], [Dar .es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 18 Sep 84
p 3] at eee , . kas

CHINESE EXPERTS VISIT--Chinese railway experts currently on a tour of the
Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA) installations have said there
was a need to offer specialized training to Tazara workers to improve their
efficiency. The three-man team led by Ndugu Pu Ke, head of the Chinese
expert team which planned and built the railway, made the remark when it
called on the Minister for Communications and Works, Ndugu John Malecela,
in Dar es Salaam yesterday. Ndugu Malecela told the delegation that Tazara
workers had already grasped the kind of problems which were limiting their
performance and that of the railway. The second phase of training should
help them overcome those problems, he proposed. The Minister told the
Chinese experts that despite technical problems, Tazara realised a surplus
of about 90m/- this year. This shows that Tazara was not doing badly, he
added. Ndugu Pu Ke said Tazara was not only a symbol of friendship between
Tanzania, China and Zambia but was also a good example of South-South
cooperation. [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 20 Sep 84 p 5]

POWERLINE TO AIRPORT--The Tanzania Electric Supply Company (TANESCO) has
completed construction of a new 4-megawatt powerline to the Dar es Salaam
International Airport to contain power fluctuations and interruptions at the
new airport terminal. TANESCO's Acting Director of Operations, Ndugu K.
Iranga, said in the city yesterday that since the power line's capacity was
4 megawatts, the company was considering to supply the extra electricity
to the old airport terminal, army camps and factories near the airport.
However, he said this would depend on availability of additional switch
gear. The French contracting firm, Bouygues, has paid TANESCO 1.5m/- for
the new powerline. [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 20 Sep 84
p 5)

128



SOUTH AFRICA

SQUATTERS STONE POLICE AFTER DEMOLITION RAID
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 28 Sep 84 p 6

[Text] Cape Town--Scores of Nyanga Extension youths hurled stones at a
retreating convoy of police and Western Cape Development Board (WCDB)
vehicles yesterday after board inspectors had arrested eight people and
demolished about 70 shacks on open ground near the camp.

The convoy, consisting of about three WCDB vehicles, a police Casspir
armoured car, three police vans and a police van mounted with a sneeze-
machine, ignored the hail of stones, leaving the camp at about 10.45 am.

In a separate incident earlier, seven people were arrested for trespassing
on the nearby Portland Cement premises, said Captain Gerhard van Rooyen,
police liaison officer for the Western Cape.

A man claiming to be a member of the Nyanga Extension Committee, Mr Headman
Philip, said the shacks had been erected on Monday after Mr Timo Bezuiden-
houd, the director of the WCDB, promised them an undisturbed stay until the
end of this month.

Mr Philip said that at a meeting with Mr Bezuidenhoud on September 12, his
group had been told to wait until the end of the month to "hear of the
Government's decision about Crossroads."

Mr Bezuidenhoud, however, denied having made any promises to the group and
denied knowing a Mr Headman Philip. He said the demolitions would continue.

"The raid was carried out on my orders because they were squatting on open
ground between the board offices and the main camp. These are people I
don’t know--anyway, I wouldn't be fool enough to make such a guarantee.
"As far as the Cathedral and Sand Dune squatters are concerned, they were

given ground after Dr Koornhof said they needed more living room, and 120
structures were allowed in a specific area," he said.

cso: 3400/53

106


President's Councillors will determine the status and effectiveness of the
President's Council.

A third mechanism of great importance is the standing committee. One of
the big advantages of this machinery is that it provides an institutionalised
link between the majority parties in the different chambers.

It also promotes specialisation and the possibility of frank debate and
horse-trading without the necessity of always looking over one's shoulder
at the public galleries.

Black Rights

A major lack among the instruments is the fact that there is no effective
mechanism for consensus politics on black rights. A condition for consensus
politics is that those whose future is affected should also be full partici-
pants in the bargaining process.

Consultation is not enough. While the Cabinet committee represents a great
step forward, it is inconceivable that it will remain the only mechanism.
This would contradict the whole idea of consensus politics--even if in time
coloureds and Asians were appointed to the Cabinet committee.

What is needed is a mechanism by which both representatives of the groups
taking part in the new dispensation and representatives of the black people
would have a seat.

What are the chances that consensus politics can succeed? This question can
be answered only by a prophet. And the record of political prophets in South
Africa is not very good. Nevertheless, it can be said that a number of
minimum conditions are present in South Africa which could favour consensus
politics.

It must also be accepted that forces are busy which would like to sabotage
these minimum conditions.

The likelihood that consensus politics can succeed is still greater than the
chance that it will fail.

The fact of the case is that the National Party cannot afford the failure
of the new dispensation. And this puts the other participating parties in
a better bargaining position than in the past.

cso: 3400/53

65



cso:

obviously depended on the ac-
tive participation of all the
zens to whom it was proving to
be so beneficial.

Commenting on the talks
they held with the Seychelles
Women's Association (SWA)"
over the past four days, Mrs.

Kabrhelova said that these
were characterised by the
deep friendship and under-
standing that was to be ex-
pected between two organisa-
tions with a history of close ties.

The two sides discussed fu-
ture co-operation aimed at
strengthening relations bet
ween the women of the two
countries, the CUW leader
said.

Mrs. Rita Sinon, the
Chairman of the SWA and
©PPF Sceretary for External
Relations who led the Wo-
men’s Association delegation
that saw the Czechoslovak

3400/61

20

guests off. said the discussions
were very fruitful,

The two sides agreed to cons
sult each other before next
year’s U.N. Decade for Wo-
men conference in Nairobi.
Mrs. Sinon said. and the SWA
had decided to join the Wo-
men’s International Demo-
cratic Federation so as to play a
better part in the international
struggle for | peace and
disarmament,

Two people from Seychelles
would also make a study tour of
Czechoslovakia examining the
status of women there and their
contribution to national deve-
lopment

From Seychelles the
Crechoslovak delegation — is
travelling to Zimbabwe to
spend a week as guests of the
Women’s League of the
Zimbabwe African National
Union (ZANU).



Trainees with outstanding results, disciplinary excellence and ideological
consciousness were also awarded certificates and prizes by Comrade Major Kawsu
Taye, Acting Head of the Political Department of the Ground Force.

Following the graduation an exhibition depicting the progress made by the

musical band of the Ground Force since its establishment went on display.
(ENA)

CSO: 3400/63



Looking to the next two
stages of the project, Mr. Ste.
Ange said that over the next
three months more pigs would
be reared ona high quality feed
imported from Belgium and
the results would be compared
to those of the first stage in
which the breadfruit-based diet
was used,

Thirdly, breadfruit would be:
replaced with cassava as a basic
ingredient for a locally-made
feed with other Jocal products,
such as ground fish meal, being
added to balance the diet.

“We are continuing with the
project into next year,” Mr.
Ste. Ange said, “‘so as to make
sure that the animal feed we
produce is the best possible ata
cost that is at least comparable
to, if not cheaper than, what we
spend on imports.

Last year Seychelles im-
ported R13.8 million worth of
animal feed, nearly 40 per cent
more than in 1982, About a
quarter of this was for pigs.

“The potential for overall
success is obviously there,” Mr.”

cso: 3400/61

25

Ste. Ange said. “After they very
encouraging results of the first
stage, we have reason to be-
lieve that by the end of next
year we could be producing a
lot of high quality animal feed
to be able to greatly cut down
on the amount of foreign ex-
change we now spend on im-
ported feed,” he added.

Once the pilot project is
over, the local animal feed will
be produced on a larger com-
mercial scale by the agro-
industry division of the
Marketing Board for sale to
farmers.

The animal feed project is
but one of many trials now be-
ing carried out in agriculture by
the Ministry of National De-
velopment with the aim of sub-
stituting local products for im-
ports or producing locally cer-
tain food that has, up to now,
been imported.

Spectacular results in the lat-
ter field were achieved recently
through very godd-harvest of
onions and potatoes.



one passion. This is Jesus,.
He alone) characterised
Naude in everything he
pursued.

If only the word of God’s
reconciliation of sinners,
with Himself and with one
another, could be the basis
of the ordering of South
African society, our future
would be one of light, not
darkness.

A... his farewell ser-
mon, delivered in the Aas-
votlkop Dutch Reformed
Church, based on Acts 5:29
— “We must obey God rath-
er than men” — he assumed
duty as the director of the
Christian Institute of South-
‘ern Africa.

With much confidence
and enthusiasm he was sur-
rounded by a great “cloud
of witnesses”, men and
‘women, among them many
Dutch Reformed ministers,
who had pledged their sup-
port and co-operation.

Rumours of the possible
establishment of an “oppo-
sition” church were ,com-
pletely unfounded. The
‘cloud of witnesses” was
committed exclusively to
the existing churches, par-
ticularly the Afrikaans
churches of the Reformed
family.

Gso: 3400/53

Beyers Naude is, above
all, a man of prayer.
Through the study of the
Word of God and prayer
and through a witness to
the churches about the will
of the God of Love and
Reconciliation for all peo-
ple in South Africa, the
Christian Institute — not
the individual Beyers
Naude — was meant to
make a contribution to a
radical reappraisal of the
“non-negotiable” factors
which the Afrikaner
churches, in particular,
considered essential for
their own survival and the
survival of Christian val-
ues,

This contribution, it was
hoped, would be made with-
in the churches, in such an
indubitably evangelical
manner and so completely
in accordance with the

rinciples of Reformed
faith that, far from being
rejected, it would irresisti-
bly, ina natural and organ-
ic way, be reassimilated by
the churches as its own in-
alienable witness to the
South African community
and its leaders.

Beyers Naude made one
big mistake — though it is
the most forgivable mis-
take that can be made by
any Christian. “Put not
your trust in princes,” says
‘the psalmist, “in a son of

man in whom there is no
help (Psalm 146:3).”

His initial supporters dis-
appeared like the disciples
of Jesus when He was led to
be crucified. But, for
Beyers Naude there was no
return.

One wonders what the
present situation in South
Africa, both in the church,
particularly the Dutch Re-
formed Church and on the

litical scene, would have

en if the Christian Insti-

tute was not deserted by its
Reformed supporters.

H. different might

things have been had it
been allowed to develop
and grow without being
smeared as a crypto-com-
munist nest of mischief.

I would venture to guess
that the political “conver-
sion” of which we now see
promising signs, would

ave happened much soon-
er and that by now it would
have progressed much fur-
er.

Tam convinced, however,
that Beyers Naude was
basically right. If his initial
purposes were not so de-
plorably defeated by unrea-
sonable prejudice and hos-
tility, by a denial and a
betrayal similar to that
which Jesus himself had

94

suffered, both he and the
Dutch Reformed Church —*
and our country — would
not have been subjected to
such shameful humiliation,
to so much suspicion, to
things that cause so much
hurt to all South Africans.

i... return to normal

life, to freedom of move-
ment and speech, should be
seen as an opportunity by
the church to make use of
his uncontestable gifts of
leadership, persuasiveness
and eloquence in order to
restore the church to a posi-
tion from where it can re-
sume its responsibility and
relevance as an indispensa-,
ble determining power for
the future of South Africa...

His age has not yet dis- |
abled him as a sage. His
spiritual home remains the
Dutch Reformed Church.

This church has a duty
towards Beyers Naude,
which it cannot neglect — a
duty not only of welcoming
him back to its fold and to
its rank of minister of the
gospel.

It should also give him
the opportunity, which he
always so passionately de-
sired, to speak to his own
church. By doing this it can
lose nothing. It can only
gain enormously.



HEUNIS: BLACKS ARE DIFFERENT

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 27 Sep 84 p 5

[Article by Chris Freimond]

[Text]

cso:

3400/53

CAPE TOWN. — Blacks
could not be accommo-
dated constitutionally on
the same basis as whites,
coloureds and Indians, the
Minister of Constitutional
Development and Plan-

, Chris Heunis,
said yesterday.

But this did not imply that

were excluded from
political decision-making.

Speaking at the National
Party’s Cape congress in
Cape Town, Mr Heunis said
people who created a “psy-
chosis of exclusion” among
blacks were doing the coun-
ty a great disservice, the re-
” ts Cf which gould be been

what was happenin,
black communities now!

South Africa’s problems
wae pa

le striving for ti-
fal ends which undermined
stability, he said.

The Government's view
was that blacks were entitled
tet the same political ri ts as
other groups — au
over their ‘own affairs ad
joint say in matters of com-
mon concern.

Mr Heunis said blacks
were not excluded from the

87

Government's general vision
and aim.

The Government would
strive to achieve an equitable

litical structure, but within

ie framework of:
¢The multi-national nature
of the country;
The identification and pro-
tection of minorities — not
for purposes of “discrimina-
tion or shame”, but to ensure
“pride and survival”,
+The removal of “hurtful”
and “unnecessary” discrimi-
nation;
* Acknowledgement of the ir-
revocability of the home-
lands as political entities and
their continued socio-eco-
nomic development.

Mr Heunis also indicated
strongly that the Govern-
ment might be considering a
type of umbrella citizenship
for all South Africans on the
basis of nationality in a broad
national area.

He said South Africa’s poli-
tical problems were ex-
tremely complex and there
was no simple answer.

The Government was pre-
pared to negotiate with any

lack leader who was seek-
ing a peaceful road along
which to fulfil his aspirations,
Mr Heunis said.

SOUTH AFRICA



ETHIOPIA

OFFICER CADETS RECEIVE FLIGHT WINGS, PRIZES
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 30 Sep 84 pp 1, 6

[Text] Debre Zeit (ENA)--Officer cadets and other Air Force members drawn
from various sections of the Revolutionary Ethiopian Air Force were yesterday
awarded flight wings, prizes and certificates at the Air Force Base here.

While some of those who followed the officer orientation course and who have
attained Lt and Captain ranks had graduated from the Addis Ababa University
but didn’t follow any officer course, others had been to the Soviet Union
for prolonged education. The latter were given leadership training consonant
with practice followed in the Ethiopian Air Force in particular.

After handing over the prizes and badges, Comrade Brig-Gen Fanta Belay, CC
member of the WPE and Commander of the Revolutionary Ethiopia Air Force
emphasised the struggle waged by the Revolutionary Armed Forces in safeguard-
ing the unity and territorial integrity of the Motherland and the contribution
made by them towards the founding of the Workers Party of Ethiopia.

Comrade Brig Gen-Fanta exhorted the graduates to remain vigilant in order
to foil the conspiracies of reactionaries and the enemies of the country.
He noted that they should make maximum effort to implement development
schemes adopted by the Workers Party of Ethiopia just as they had faithfully
executed the directives given by the Revolutionary Government and COPWE in
the past.

Comrade Brig-Gen Fanta went on to say that providing members of the Air Force
with relevant training and experience collectively or individually will both
alleviate the sacrifice borne during the execution of duty and create situa-
tions conducive for the conduct of peace time activity.

Comrade Col Solomon Beyene, Commander of the Air Force Training Centre,

said on his part that the Air Force which is part of the Revolutionary Armed
Forces and which had translated into deeds the directive of the Revolutionary
Government and of COPWE, will continue to implement all development schemes
following the guidance of WPE.



REINSTATEMENT OF NAUDE ADVOCATED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 30 Sep 84 p 35

[Article by Ben Engelbrecht, Professor of Religious Studies, University of

Witwatersrand]

[Text]

EYERS NAUDE has always re-

mained “dominee” for me.

When he was deprived of his

status as a minister of the
Dutch Reformed Church, many pre-
vious colleagues seemed to find sa-
distic pleasure in following the
trend that was set in political news-
papers by dubbing him “Meneer
Naude”.

This was the most final and decisive
way of denying any recognition of
his genuine concern with the way in
which the Christian gospel was inter-
preted (and distorted!) by the dominat-
ing powers within the church of which
he was a minister.

He had left the ministry of his church, it
was claimed, because his aim was to prop-
agate a gospel alien to the tradition in
which he was brought up and which he had
previously served.

This alien gospel was the “social gos-
pel”, the one embraced by the “liberals”
who were the “dupes of communism”.

He was everybouy's heretic at whom all
and sundry could cast the stones of rejec-
tion in order to obliterate even the recol-
lection of his image as an erstwhile do-
minee of the “Kerk van die Afrikaner”.

Yet, in spite of numerous pleas on his
part to subject himself to any trial the
church might deem necessary, he was
never given a hearing and- never found
ceulty” by any official ecclesiastical
court.

IL. fact, the real issue was consistently
evaded. The last thing Beyers Naude ever
wanted was to be alienated from the
church within which he was born and bred.

93

This church remained for him the
Church of Christ, and his passionate desire
was that it should examine itself in the
light of the question of whether it still
belonged to its Lord alone, or whether it
had been lured away by the attractions of
“pseudo gospels”, of self-interest and self-
_jusitification.

He realised that what “kerk en volk”
needed most was that the Word of God
should be listened to anew.

In this respect, he showed the concern of
a significant group of ministers, mostly of
the young generation, and members of the
Dutch Reformed Church (including the
Hervormde Kerk and the Gereformeerde
Kerk).

The “pad van Suid-Africa”, if it were to
lead out of an imminent and indeed al-
ready existing chaos, could only be that of
obedience to the Christian gospel of recon-
ciliation.

Beyers Naude was called anew to be a

minister of this gospel.

I shall always remain
convinced that he “re-
ceived” this calling in his
fellowship with brothers
and sisters in the Reformed
faith, who believed and
knew that basic truths con-
fessed in this faith con-
tained a possibility and a
promise for steering away

m the disasters of an
idolatrously entrenched
protection and glorification
of Afrikaner self-interest.

That is why he always
remained “dominee” for
me.

The piety of Zinzendorf
of Herrnhut (1700-1760) ex-
pressed in the words “ich

ibe nur eine passion, die
ist Er, nur Er” (I have only



The Military School of the BDF covers all the necessary aspects of training
and instruction and its courses range from two to fourteen weeks duration.
The school is the 'fountain of knowledge' of the BDF and is able to cope
with all the present training requirements and promotion courses.

The Air Wing is a recent development of the BDF and the small well balanced
force is designed primarily to meet the logistical requirements of the army
in this very fragmented country. At present the Air Wing operates Alouette
helicopters, helio Couriers and Partenovia aircraft. An order has been
placed for light transport aircraft which will greatly increase the carrying
capacity of the Air Wing. The BDF uses its aircraft for a number of roles
and they are on call for other government departments and Casevac missions.
Militarily they provide a fast link between the existing BDF bases and are
used to 'show the flag' in other parts of the country. Their addition

to the BDF has greatly increased the effectiveness of this small force,
specially as far as transportation and logistics are concerned. Recon-
naisance and the participation in training exercises is another direction
in which the value of the availability of an air element has been proved

and the addition of the Air Wing has greatly expanded the overall capability
of the BDF.

The Defence Force is based on a large Infantry Battalion and various self-
contained infantry Company Groups. This force is supported by a maintenance
Unit and a Technical Service unit.

The Technical Service Unit consists of 4 Companies: Technical Company that
maintains and services the BDFs transport and looks after any other require-
ments of a mechanical nature. In addition the company has a section for
weapon repair and maintenance. Like the other compaiiies of the Techwical
Service Unit the company has a training programme for apprentices and is
designed to render assistance to other Bophuthatswana Government Departments.

Construction Company that is equipped with heavy construction and earth
moving equipment and is in reality an Engineering unit. The company recently
laid 185 kilometers of water piping for one of the Departments of State as
part of the drought relief programmes.

Agricultural Company which is equipped with agricultural machinery. This
unit maintains water points for the farming community and assists with the
breaking of new land for agricultural purposes. The normal small farmer
just does not have the capability that is available from the heavier equip-
ment of this Company and this, coupled with the advice available from the
unit enables development to be undertaken beyond the ability of the farmer.
Like the other companies of this unit this outside work forms a part of the
BDF civic action programme and is one of the factors that has established
the BDF with the population.

Building Company that looks after many of the building requirements of the

BDF. This Company plans an important role in the training of building
artisans.

98



In Natal The Daily News has gained more than 30 000 white readers to close
the gap in overall white readership to within 1 000 of the Natal Mercury.

The Asian readership of The Daily News has grown by 16 percent.’ In metro-
politan Durban, The Daily News every day reaches 31 000 more Asians than
last year. A total of 176 000 Asians now read The Daily News--more than
double the number who read the Natal Mercury.

Black readership of The Daily News has increased by 24 percent and now
totals 93 000.

The Amps survey is conducted independently on behalf of the South African
Advertising Research Foundation.

Total readership

" APELUDerGR UEDA REERERSUUCELESES ESTOS

a
H White burben readers
= UWUELSEEUQUSSEREED LEGON STOMEAUIEGERUSELEHEOYTSGELERSOSIE

* 2 ©
800 4-8 é 220 4
2 8 2
> 2 >
2 E 200 z
ale e | f e & 4
500 +-2-+-3 3 se0 +$-LE. 318
FE é 2|é& e |g.
e|= = 160 +21 4—
fs E e S S
400 1 = 140 +s+5 —
. Ely Lal
4 120 4-£ +

id}
5 100
BO

200
60

40
100
20

0

1 i % :
1983 1984 1983 1084.

THE graph shows The Daily News THIS graph shows how the Daily

moving from 412 000 to just under News has overtaken the Natal Mer-

half-a-million readers a day, with cury in the number of white read-

the Nats! Mercury showing no ere in the Durban, reversing the

growth. 1983 position.

cso: 3400/53

114



SOUTH AFRICA

OPERATION OF NEW POLITICAL SYSTEM ANALYZED
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 23 Sep 84 p 29

[Article by Willie Esterhuyse, professor of philosophy at Stellenbosch
University: "How Do You Make Consensus Work? Well, Certainly Not by
Knocking Shacks Down"]

[Text] In the debate about the new constitutional dispensation, it is often
said that South Africa stands on the threshold of a new style in politics.
This style is called consensus politics.

By this is meant that white people can no longer decide on everything
alone, that negotiation must take place and that there must be joint author-
ity at the level of decision-making over common affairs.

Unilateral announcements and simple consultation without those consulted
being able effectively to influence decisions has been described as an
intolerable procedure.

This shift in perception of political style represents a very important
political gain.

Against this it must be stressed that consensus politics is not simply a
political style.

Decision-making :

Political decision-making takes place not only on different kinds of issues,
but it ts also influenced by a variety of factors.

For example decisions can be taken on non-ideological and simple technical
matters where consensus is usually not difficult.

But, unlike technocrats are sometimes inclined to believe, political decision-
making does not deal solely with technical questions. Values and ideology
also come into it--especially when it deals with the formulation of broad
political goals.

61



While there are clear and unmistakable signals coming from the Minister of
Finance, his officials and the Reserve Bank about curbing, cutting and
curtailment, the corrective process is not instantaneous and is inevitably
painful and protracted.

That this process has to take place at the very time when new demands are
being made in finite resources pose problems of a judgmental nature which
will exercise the wisest of minds in the disposition of these resources.

It is therefore important to note that in the closing session of the last
of the old Westminster-style South African Parliament there was created a
"State President's National Priorities Committee."

I cannot stress enough the urgency of this exercise because there is no
doubt that constitutional reform can only develop within the context of a
strong and growing economy.

An economy that has its resources misallocated, that pays too little atten-
tion to nurturing and developing the productive elements in the economy
will founder and if the economy cannot provide constitutional development
is itself in jeopardy.

Not only is it important that the State President's National Priorities
Committee exists, which now indeed it does, it must not be some sort of
secret conclave.

It must, after deliberation and consultation--perhaps with the State
President's Economic Advisory Council--make publicly known certain targets.

It might consider among other things:

--Stating the amount of funds to be expanded on capital or infrasturctural
development over a given period and relating these to the establishment
costs of the public service.

In other words ensuring that we do not fall into the conventional trap that
when cuts are demanded of public service they are made at the cost of
cutting services or projects but retaining the establishment.

--Targeting the size of the public service and setting productivity norms.

~-Examining all expenditure envisaged, not only by the Government but by
parastatal organisations so that there is a clear picture of the borrowing
and spending patterns of not only the Government itself but of bodies such
as Iscor, Escom, the South African Transport Services and other major users
of funds.

67



annually, with the number of clients having soared to 130,000, the Authority
has built twelve major and 1,000 smaller distribution centres along a distance
of kms through a 15,000 KV channel.

Present at the inaugural ceremony were Comrade Tekesa Shoa Aytenfisu,
member of the Central Committee of WPE and Minister of Mines and Energy

Resources, department heads of the Authority as well as invited guests.
(ENA)

cso: 3400/63

12



‘THUNDER CHARIOT' EXERCISE CRITIQUED

SOUTH AFRICA

Cape Town THE CAPE TIMES in English 19 Sep 84 p 10

[Article by Willen Steenkamp in his "On Parade" column: "After Thunder

Chariot..."]

[Text]

EXERCISE Thunder Chariot is
history. The tumult and the
shouting has died away (if I
may parapiirase Kipling) and
the captains and the kings have
long since departed from the
special vantage point from
which they watched part of the
exercise.

Only two things remain: The
return of the troops involved
(watch for announcements in
the press in the next couple of
days) and the answering of the
questions which have flowed
from the heated debate started
by Thunder Chariot.

It is tempting simply to write
it off as an exercise in
Nkrumahism by the govern-
ment, but in all honesty the
issue is not as simple as that.

Let us look af the main

oints. . .

What did it consist of?

First, a week of training for
the leader group. Then a
period of training for the main
body of troops and the leader
group. Finally, the exercise it-
self, with various units attack-
ing mock-up objectives.

Was it necessary?

There is no doubt that some
sort of exercise was necessary.
The formations involved in
Thunder Chariot were those of
the conventional forces and,
past a certain stage, there is no
substitute for actual practice
in the field.

‘Take one ot the formations
concerned, Cape Town's 71 Mo-
torized Brigade. The brigade
has not had a field exercise
since 1981. Since that time two
of its main fighting regiments
have acquired new command-
ing officers and a third recent-
ly joined the brigade after a
decade of practising the very
different skills of counter-in-
surgency warfare.

The brigade has also ac-

uired a new commander and
the brigade staff has seen an
jalmost total turnover. The
{same applies to 7 Infantry Divi-
sion, the higher headquarters.

Now, all these people can
hold as many Tewts (Tactical
Exercises Without Troops) as
they like, but at a certain stage
they must actually manouevre
soldiers on the a. Tt is
senseless to maintain an ex-
pensive conventional force if
these intricate battle skills are
not acquired or practised.

Could it have been done more
cheaply?

Yes — in one of two ways: By
reducing the number of forma-
tions involved, or by restricting
the scope of the exercise. The
powers-that-be decided
against this for various rea-
sons, so please take it up with
them.and not with me.

The official viewpoint, as ex-
pressed in'an address to the
participants by the Chief of the

95



SEYCHELLES

SOVIET RESEARCH SHIP CONCLUDES INITIAL MISSION
Victoria NATION in English 1 Sep 84 pp 1, 2

[Text] An initial survey carried out by the Soviet research vessel RV
Akademik Aleksandr Vinagradov shows several exciting geophysical regions
in Seychelles and "very promising potential for development," the leader
of the mission has said.

Speaking before the ship sailed for Riga on Thursday, Dr Boris Preobraz-
hensky said that an initial report and samples collected on two cruises
had been made available to the Government of Seychelles and indicated that
a fuller report would be submitted shortly.

Despite being dogged by heavy weather conditions, the mission was a success-
ful one, according to Dr Preobrazhensky, who heads the Department of Sciences
at the Pacific Institute of Geography of the Far Eastern Centre of the USSR
Academy of Sciences. He was accompanied on this mission by 63 scientists
representing several disciplines from various universities and research
institutions of the USSR.

One of the most exciting finds appeared to be the nature and composition
of the plateau on which the inner islands of Mahe, Silhouette, La Digue and
Praslin stand. "This could very well be a unique kind of super "atoll,"
perhaps the only one of this kind in the world," said Dr Preobrazhensky.

This “atoll" could be about 31,000 square kilometres in extent and during
the last 100,000 years, according to Dr Preograzhensky, might have surfaced
twice due to the "breathing of the earth." This is a known feature of
certain atolls.

The granitic islands of Seychelles are already unique in that they are the
only oceanic group of their kind.

Dr Preobrazhensky also said that under no circumstances should the corals
be dug or blown up as the highly nutrient red algae that covered them was
vital for fish and other marine life.

Another USSR scientific mission is expected shortly.

cso: 3400/61

17



“Recent judgments have
shown that the court will not.
consider reinstating strikers
even if they were provoked
by an unfair labour practice.

“This clearly alters the
balance of power in favour of
employers and gives workers
Uittle choice but to continue
their strike action,” it adds.

‘Union sources say that the
only alternative open to
workers in cases like this is a
lengthy strike. The Industrial
Court ‘has failed to provide
equal and fair rights for both
employers and unions. This
will prevent it from becom-
ing an important means of
peacefully settling labour
disputes, the union adds.

In another dispute over the
dismissal of five workers, &
“legal” strike by 2000 mem-
bers of the Metal and Allied
Workers Union has been de-
clared illegal in terms of a
temporary interdict granted
by the Natal Supreme Court.

The interdict was granted
although the union had fol-
lowed all the procedures laid
down in the Labour Relations

\c
“This included applying for
a conciliation board, all ow.
a 30-day grace period ant
conducting sstrike ballot be-
fore opting for a legal
strike,” says Geoff Schreiner,

3400/53

a Metal and Allied Workers

-Union official.

But the company involved,
Dunlop, says a mu! tiplicity. of
factors influenced the strike
decision and that the reinsta-
tement of the five workers
was not the only motive.

Peace

Dr Piet van der Merwe ,
Director of the Department
of Manpower, says the con-
troversial Act is geared to
ensuring industrial peace.
But if as) of the Act pre-
sent problems, these will be
examined and reviewed if ne-
‘essary.

Andre Malherbe, labour
relations adviser to the Jo-
hannesburg Chamber of
Commerce, says that it is
grossly unfair to legally com-

1] companies to retain strik-

ge workers. .

‘While he agrees that. law-
fully striking workers should
be afforded some degree of
protection, “the right to dis-
miss workers cannot be de-
nied to management”.

“However, the Act should
make provision for a notice
of dismissal rather than al-
lowing summary  termina-
tion of the employment con-
tract,” says Mr Malherbe.



nothing that governments
may do will change this.

I am convinced that the
vast majority of blacks in ur-
ban areas, in the homelands
and in the so-called indepen-
dent states, if given the op-
portunity to freely express

ir opinion, would vote to
be and remain South Afri-
cans.

Afrikaner efforts to separ-
ate blacks from whites have
been to no avail.

Self-defeating

Influx control, pass laws,
endless raids, destruction of
homes and shacks, enforced
removals, the establishment
of resettlement ghettos, the
shifting of homeland bound-
aries to bluff the white elec-
torate into believing that ur-
ban black numbers were
diminishing — all these des-
perate attempts have failed.

The process of industriali-
sation, the urgent need for
labour (both skilled, semi-
skiled and unskilled), the im-
poverishment of rural areas
and homelands, the lack of

Plea

sufficient opportunities not
only to earn a living but even
to survive — all these factors
have brought, and will con-
tinue to force, thousands of
people to the urban areas.

No magic wand is avail-
able to remove them from
the vision of the whites. ©

‘The enforced separation of
urban and rural blacks in an
attempt to relieve or dimin-
ish the pressures on whites is
a dangerous and self-defeat-
ing exercise. The black com:
munity will never voluntar-
iy accept such a division and
offer their co-operation to
achieve this goal.

Moreover, any attempt to
enforce the system of influx
control with fhe accompany-
ing hateful practices — pass
raids, disruption of homes,
enforced removals, and rob-
bing people of their citizen-
ship — can only lead to in-
creasing anger, bitterness
and hatred.

Shudder

Equally dangerous and fal-
lacious is any policy based on
the assumption that the poli-
tical grouping together of

whites, coloureds and Indi-
ans, but excluding the black
majority, could offer an ac-
ceptable and peaceful solu-

ion.
Not only has the outcome
of the recent coloured and

‘Indian elections clearly

shown that, but anybody sin-
cerely attempting to discov-
er the feelings” of blacks
themselves will realise how
strongly their feelings of re-
sentment run. *

‘What would the Afrikaner
have done if the British, fac-
ing the rising tide of Afri-
kaners striving to attain their
rightful heritage, had
stripped them of their citi-
zenship, their right to vote, to
own land and to offer labour
freely in South Africa?

Realistic °

I shudder to think what the
‘outcome would have been.

Similarly, any attempt to
govern South Africa with a
political system which ex-
cludes the black majority
from meaningful participa-
tion (as the present constitu-
tion has done) can only spell
increasing anger and opposi-

tion, especially on the part of
the black youth pe

Why attempt to enforce a
political system which in any
case cannot succeed in the
long run because 75 percent
of the population of the coun-
try does not voluntarily ac-
cept-it?

Why not face the fact many
governments in other coun-
tries have had to accept: we
are dealing with a world-
wide phenomenon fo rubani-
sation which cannot be re-
versed in the way we are
attempting.

Having accepted that, we
must begin to seek a solution
for urbanisation, lack of
housing, lack of sufficient ru-
ral infrastructures and op-
portunities, and unemploy-
ment along more just,
humane and realistic ave-
nues.

Any attempt to minimise
the growing tide of youth an-
er and militancy within the
lack, coloured and Indian
communities, or to ascribe it
(as is so easily done in some
quarters) to “opstokery” of
otherwise peaceful and sta-
ble communities, can like-
wise only lead to further ten-
sion and conflict.

If there is one plea which I wish to present to the white community,

especially to the Afrikaner, it is this:

try to ascertain the real feelings

of the black, coloured and Indian student and youth groups of our country;
try to discover and understand the hidden message which the current unrest,

school boycotts, and stayaways portray.

And where they reflect the just and valid demands for change, be prepared
to make such changes before a situation of confrontation and growing polari-
sation makes reconciliation a very difficult if not impossible task.

Force

Further, the current belief of many whites that a major uprising in the black
community can be successfully suppressed by force should be actively dis-

couraged.

The power behind the barrel of the gun may force people into temporary
submission--it can never convince them of the justice of a policy and it can
never convert them into voluntary acceptance and support of policies and
practices they know to be oppressive and destructive.

Why continue with so much of what is clearly unjust if we as whites, deep
in our hearts know, what is just?

91



[Text]

CSO: 3400/61

A FIRST group of civilian men

, and women from Central Mahé ;

dedicated to the defence of
their country start a weck of
initial basic training on Mon-
day as the re-organisation of
the Seychelles People Militia is
implemented at the district
level.

Mr. James Michel, the De-
puty Secretary-General of the
Seychelles: People’s Progres-
sive Front who is also Chief of
Staff of the Seychelles People’s

Defence Forces, said yester- °

day: “The training will be held
every afternoon and for the
week that it lasts we have asked
employers to cooperate with
the Militia in the interest of na-
tional security. and to release
those workers who need to at-
tend the afternoon sessions.”

Once this basic programme’
was over, training would be
done after working hours, Mr.
Michel said.

When he announced the re-

REORGANIZED MILITIA TO START TRAINING

29

Victoria NATION in English 15 Sep 84 pp 1, 2

organisation earlier this
month, Mr. Michel explained
that this would share the re-
sponsibility for the defence of
the Revolution among the very
people who were struggling to
build the new socicty daily.

The re-organisation, which
will be
plemented on a regional basis.
is the result of a scrics of talks
the Commander-in-chief of the
SPDF. President .. Albert
Rene. held with the m
in their districts carlier this year
with the aim of making the
force even more effective.

The militiamen need time off
to do their initial basic training
because they are volunteers
who work in regular civilian
jobs every day.

Those involved in the train-
ing that starts on Monday after-
noon come from the districts of
Anse Etoile, Riviere Anglaise.
Mont Buxton. Bel. Air and
Plaisance.

systematically _im- ;

SEYCHELLES



GDR DONATION TO ANC--The German Democratic Republic (GDR) has pledged
continued support to the liberation movements in southern Africa in their
struggle for national independence. The First Secretary of the GDR embassy
in Tanzania, Ndugu Dietrich Wendlandt, said this when presenting a consignment
of textiles and other goods to the African National Congress (ANC) of South
Africa Acting representative for East Africa, Ndugu Mendi Msimang, on Tuesday.
He accused South Africa for its destabilisation policies against independent
African countries. [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 20 Sep 84

p 5]

VIJANA TEAM TO USSR--A two-man delegation of the Tanzania Youth Organisation
(VIJANA) leaves Dar es Salaam today for Minski in the Soviet Union to attend
a meeting of youths from socialist countries and southern Africa Frontline
States. A statement issued by VIJANA in the city yesterday said the delega-
tion will, after the meeting scheduled to begin tomorrow, attend a prepara~
tory meeting for the twelfth youth festival in Athens, Greece. The delega-
tion is led by a member of the VIJANA Central Council, Ndugu Amon G. Gimanche,
who is the VIJANA Chairman for Mara region. The other member of the delega-
tion is the VIJANA Assistant Secretary-General in Zanzibar, Ndugu Ali Rajab
Juma. [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 19 Sep 84 p 5]

csO: 3400/62 END

129



ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

NEW HEALTH PUBLICATION--The first publication of the Ethiopian Health
Development Journal (EJHD) was issued here recently, according to a press
release from the National Health Development network of Ethiopia (NHDN-E)
whose office is situated in the department of community health of the Medical
Faculty of the Addis Ababa University. The journal is dedicated to the goal
of "Health for All by the Year 2000" and promotes the Primary Health Care
approach as a means to achieve it, the press release noted. EJHD serves as
a national forum for the exchange of scientific knowledge and experience as
regards health development, the release added. [Excerpt] [Addis Ababa

THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 21 Sep 84 p 1]

PEOPLE'S MILITIA GRADUATES--Zuwai (ENA)--Certificates were presented here this
week to 200 local people's militia members upon completion of a four-month
military course and political orientation in Shashemene district of Shoa
region here this week. The new recruits were drawn from 50 peasants' associa-
tions in the district. Certificates of participation were also given to 107
people’s militia members drawn from the 81 kebele peasants associations in
Dugda district of Shoa region and from Keki town. The certificates were
handed out to the members of the people's militia who graduated during the
ceremony held in Shashemene town by Comrade Tefera Mamo, Head of Organiza-
tional Affairs of the WPE Committee for Shashemene district, and by Comrade
Tesfaye Belachew, Head of Ideological Affairs of the WPE Committee of the
same district. The militia recruit trainees graduating in Meki town
received their certificates from Comrade Tilahun Kebede, Head of Discipline
and Control Affairs of the WPE Committee for Haikotch-Butajira province.
[Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 19 Sep 84 p 6]

GDR YOUTH BRIGADE--Twenty-two members of the Free German Youth of the Warner
Lamberz Brigade arrived here Tuesday. The team, which is led by Comrade
Wolfiram Haine, will be deployed in Arsi and Bale regions to harvest crops
and to maintain various technical equipment during the coming two months.
The team is here in Ethiopia for the fifth time to provide similar services
based on an agreement between the Revolutionary Ethiopia Youth Association
and the GDR brigade. (ENA) [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in
English 20 Sep 84 p 1}

13



DROUGHT-HIT FARMERS TO PLANT SURVIVAL CROPS

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 23 Sep 84 p 1

[Article by Barry Sergeant]

[Text]

CSO:

3400/53

FARMERS are gearing
up for what is set to be
the most different
planting season ever.

After three successive
yeas ‘of drought Blantn ,
rmers, particularly in the
dryland cropping areas, will
have to be more resourceful
than ever before. Farming
experts say one of the surviv-
al techniques to be used is a
switch to crops which can
better survive drought.
Hennie Bezuidenhout,
manager of the SA Agricul-
tural Union’s Agronomic
Commodity Services, says
substantially less maize will
be planted than last year.
‘Bezuidenhout says that
based on seed sales, grain
sorghum plantings are set to
rise from last season’s.
288 000 hectares to 1-million
hectares — some 250% high-

er.

‘The latest season produced
508 000 tons of grain sorghum
compared with the previous
198 tons. With normal

rains this season’s grain sor-

57

um plantings could pro-
luce 1,8-million tons against
demand of 1-million tons.
© Increased plantings of sun-
flower in malzelands are also

expected.
heat plantings in the
‘Western central districts in-
creased by 40% this winter
compared with the same
time last year. Mr Bezuiden-
hout says farmers were
forced to resort to wheat
after the maize crop failed in
an attempt to generate cash.
Wheat is the major winter
cereal and its already rela-
tively high price is set to be
inci in the next month

or 80.

Mr Bezuidenhout says far-
mers could cut back on ferti-
lisers, as it is now generally
accepted that farmers have
been using too much, espe-
fiaty nitrogen-based ferti-

sers.

Crops like grain sorghum
and: saya beans need less fert-
fiiser than other crops. Soya
beans replenish the soil they
grow in through their root
system.

SOUTH AFRICA



TANZANIA

LIVESTOCK REDUCTION URGED
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 18 Sep 84 p 1

[Text] The Government has been urged to prepare a comprehensive destocking
programme for areas hard-hit by drought to slow rate of desertification in
the country.

A three-day international workshop on afforestation which ended at Mwadui
at the weekend, resolved that the number of livestock should match with
grazing land available.

The participants observed that many areas hit by drought were slowly turning
into deserts. Livestock populations in the areas was also bigger than the
grazing land could support, Shihata reported.

They suggested that regions with few animals should make arrangements to
receive livestock keepers from areas earmarked for destocking.

The participants also called on early completion of the Shinyanga and Mbeya
meat processing plants so that the destocked animals could be sent there for
slaughter and processing.

The participants reminded the Government of the need to utilise Lake Victoria
water for irrigation schemes in Shinyanga, Singida and Dodoma areas to increase
food production.

On bush fires, the workshop called for the setting up of tribunals at village
level which would try and punish offenders.

They called for appropriate plans for land utilisation at village, division,
district and regional levels to enhance economic effiency. They said proper
plans would enable authorities to know areas needed for agriculture,
livestock and tree planting.

The workshop delegates resolved that biogas, coal, electricity, gas and
solar energy be made available for use to reduce dependence on firewood.

126


‘But much was forgiven when Mr
Vorster threw his weight behind
efforts by US Secretary of State Dr
Henry Kissinger to force Jan Smith
to accept the inevitability of black
rule in Rhodesia. The withdrawal of
South African para-military police
from Rhodesia was part of that

process.

‘Relations, however, soon re-
turned to the frosty. In 1977 the
Commonwealth accepted the Glen-
eagles Agreement. British gov-
ernments were committed to dis-
couraging sporting links with
South ‘Attica 6

Attempts by successive British
governments — even Conservative
ones — to keep to the terms of the
agreement have become an endur-
ing source of friction between Lon-
don and Pretoria.

Ambiguous

The 1980s — the advent of the
Conservative Government in Brit-
ain and the style of P W Botha —
led to aremarkably ambiguous set
of relationships with Britain.

On the one hand trade links stood

as firm as ever. On the other s|
isolation remained a tenet of the
Thatcher Government. South Afri-
can cross-border military esca-
pades were condemned — through
endorsement of UN resolutions as
well — but the British Government
remained loyal to the United States
efforts at resolving the Namibian
debacle throu igh “constructive en-
gagement”.
Occasionally, however, the ambi-
guities overflowed. It happened
during the Falklands War. Britain
believed South Africa was continu-
ing to supply Argentina with muni-.
tions and brought its massive pres-
sure to bear.

Pretoria — forced to abandon a
long tradition of never commenting
on its foreign arms dealings — de-
nied the main charges. And has
never forgiven London for embar-
rassing it.

But if one year in the continuum
from 1961 until the present were to
be nominated.as “The Year Which
Sys It All”, it would have to be

It started last year with a cluster
of events that riled Pretoria.
There was the “Lloyd Letter”. A
Conservative backbencher wrote to
Mrs Thatcher asking for a review
of UK sports policy. In a reply —
made public by Lloyd — Mrs
Thatcher said the South African
Government’s domestic policies

CsO: 3400/53

were the underlying cause of ten-
sion in the region and presented
opportunities for Soviet meddling.
An outraged response from
Foreign Minister Pik Botha — on
the referendum trail at the time —
helped turn the diplomatic thermo-
stat nearer to freezing point.
Then London proved most unco-
operative about an international
attempt by South African mis-
sions to get host countries to close
the doors on the African National
Congress, a situation not helped
by the British ambassador, Ewan
‘e

rgusson’s bluff handling of an

intensely delicate issue.

Indecent |

He left South Africa shortly
afterwards and it is his position
that Mr Moberly is coming to fill.

Soon after there was the BBC-
Marais fight, nothing really new
except that the then-South African
ambassador said recent BBC pro-
grammes on South Africa had been
“beyond the pale”.

‘And finally, running beneath the
surface, there was the Zola Budd
story. Strictly speaking, the dim-

inutive South .African's decision to

become British — and the almost
indecent haste with which the
British accomplished it — had
nothing to do with foreign rela-
tions. But it rankled.

By early this year, relations be-
tween South Africa and Britain had
moved from the merely chilly to
the icy.

The announcement that Mr
Botha would be seeing Mrs Thatch-
er on his Prime Ministerial Europ-
ean diplo-safari in May astonished
— not least of all because the indi-
cations had been that he was to be
pointedly ignored on the trip.

But take place it did — at Che-

ers on a June day where the
ime Minister arrived for lunch,
stayed for tea and was afterwards
personally escorted to his helicop-
by Mrs Thatcher, despite warn-
ings by husband Denis that she
would catch a chill outside in her
light summer frock.

Tt was all very heartening and in
public and private statements
afterwards the then Prime Minis-
ter Botha and Foreign Minister
Botha were almost — but not quite
— effusive about the benefits of the
talk and the warmth of their rece]
tion. The British Foreign Office ol
viously had a slightly different

110

slant but the basic elements re-
mained the same — it had been a
worthwhile visit contributing to
“better understanding”,

Embarrassment

‘The fragility of that “understand-

was to be revealed dramati-

cally four months later in the con-
sulate sit-in in Durban.

It became an impasse which was
more an embarrassment to Britain
than to South Africa — after the
Jow election polls, pre-election de-
tentions and violence at the polling
stations there was hardly anything
which could have embarr:
Pretoria further.

At first, Foreign Affairs sources
were remarkably. sanguine about
the dilemma. The British had
promised not to act as intermediar-
ie and were thus acting “impecca-

iv"

‘Besides, as one senior Foreign
Affairs source said, the would-|
detainees were still being de-
tained; inside the British consul-

ate.

Meanwhile, the detainees’ repre-
sentatives in Britain were report-
edly irritating the Foreign Office to
death with their “ultimatums”. The
mere fact that they had such free-
dom of movement seemed to imply
a Contradiction of the very image of

lomestic repression associated
with South Africa. octal

Impatient

‘The sanguinity was dramatically
broken later in the week. Some
Cabinet members, reportedly in-
cluding President Botha, became
impatient with the impasse and de-
manded quick action.

‘The astonishingly ill-judged re-
sponse — breaking a solemn com-
mitment to a British court by refus-
ing to return four bailed alleged
arms dealers — has now brought
relations to the lowest point since
1961 and in a single sweep blown
the gains of Chequers out of the
window.

It has also brought into question
something infinitely more valuable
— South Africa’s generally untar-
nished reputation in the interna-
tional community that its word is
indeed its bond.

Whatever resolution awaits —
voluntary surrender by the six,
closing down of the consulate, with-
drawal of detention orders — the
damage to always-sensitive Anglo-
South African relations has been
enormous. Perhaps permanent.


Insufficient rain water has been captured to provide a clear picture as to
the true catalyst of acid rain. A specially equipped aircraft is being
used as a flying laboratory, but while this extreme has produced some
meaningful results, the total situation remains inconclusive.

A Major 3 600 MW power station such as Duvha, or Matla, burns 30 000 tons
of coal a day and will release some 43 000 tons of pollutants into the
atmosphere. Including carbon and sulphur dioxides, nitrogen and trace
eliments of mercury and arsenic.

All the major power station are now equipped with 98 to 99% efficient electro-
static percipitators at a cost of R100-million a station.

In 1983 Escom burnt 55-million tons of low grade, low sulphur, coal at a
cost of R726,5-million. This figure includes the cost of oil as the igni-
tion agent. The cost of upgrading the quality of coal used would add R12
to the price of a ton, producing a price of R54 a ton.

This additional .28% cost would again have to be passed on to the consumer,
again raising the price of electricity used. The only possible chance of

relief would be proof that the acidity level in the water table was caused
by seepage from waste dumps and not from the burning of coal.

cso: 3400/53

112


TDL Makes 69.8 Million Net Profit
(DAILY NEWS, 14 Sep 84) .

Parastatals Pay 63 Million to Cooperatives
(Maelezo Reporter; DAILY NEWS, 15 Sep 84) ....seeeees

Government Announces Import List
(DAILY NEWS, 18 Sep 84) ...cceececeeceees

Livestock Reduction Urged
(DAILY NEWS, 18 Sep 84) ...ccecccececececcccccececetecece

Briefs
Delegation to Bulgaria
Chinese Experts Visit
Powerline to Airport
GDR Donation to ANC
VIJANA Team to USSR

123

124

125

126

128
128
128
129
129



--The subsequent sacking this week of the TDC managing director, Mr Sonny
Tarr, and 11 other members of his management team by the Transkeian Govern-
ment.

--The expulsion from Transkei of Unitra academics trying to uncover alleged
corruption at the University of the Transkei, and in some cases in the
government. Some academics are involved on a part-time basis with either
the TDC or government.

People closely connected to the TDC in Umtata this week said that it came
as no surprise that Mr Tarr and his executive were fired.

They link this action to the takeover bids by Trans-Versal, saying that
TDC opposition to the bids would now be removed by replacing the top
management with people more favourably disposed towards those involved in
the attempted takeovers.

It has been established that the government letter to the TDC concerning
the sackings mentioned no names--but merely stated that the employment of
"the managing director and his top management" would be terminated with the
required six months notice on October 1.

But it:is thought that 12 people to whom the letter was sent are those who
have been sacked, including Mr Tarr.

Legal advisers to the TDC have sought legal opinion in South Africa regarding
the sackings.

But in Umtata, sources close to the TDC management say Mr Tarr and his
executive have accepted the situation and may even stage a walk-out before
their six months’ notice period has ended.

Significant of events in the Transkei is the overwhelming fear, mainly
among whites, that they may be singled out as the sources leaking information
to the Press.

-All persons spoken to said they had already been interrogaged by President
Matanzima himself, or by the security police, or that their telephones were
tapped.

‘At least one more deportation order concerning a white academic and part-
time official was signed last week--thoughiit has yet to be served.

All ‘sources asked to remain anonymous as they fear reprisals from the
Matanzima government.

cso: 3400/53

89



MAIZE IMPORTS CUT TO SAVE FOREIGN EXCHANGE

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 28 Sep 84 p 1

[Article by Mike Jensen]

[Text]

UP TO R400m in foreign
‘exchange could be saved
this year because projec-
tions’ of maize imports
have been cut by 1-million
tons to about 3-million
‘tons. .

Initial estimates indicated
that South Africa would have to
import about 4-million tons of
maize this

Now, it is understood, an increase
in local maize receipts by the Maize
Board and a switch to wheat has
lopped at least 1-million tons off
ots
4 e
landed price of maize 1b between

8
i
E
F
é

‘saving and a sub-

could produce a R400m
in the ted R632m.
the

Last night, Dr Braam van Staden,

cso: 3400/53

a Deputy Governor of the Reserve
Bank, sounded a note of caution on
e itions on forex savin,

‘At it this cutback in im-
ports is not so crucial. The real
crunch will be later, depending on
whether we have a harvest
this season,” said Dr Van Staaden.

“Later in the season one would be
able to quantify the forex saving
properly,” he added. .

As a result of the drought, which
has caused South Africa to switch

against a total demand of about 7-
million tons.

But icine Demoina brought
heavy into the Eastern Trans-
vaal in late January, and a record
crop in this area has been produced.

itional rain in areas not affect-
eaby Demoina also boosted produc-

Furthermore, the drought has
caused farmers in other areas to
sell off the maize which they nor-
mally keep for animal feed.

Under ‘normal circumstances,
farmers retain between 700 000 tons
and 900 000 tons for their livestock,
but it is it that about half of
this amount been sold to the
Maize Board to make up for losses
caused by the drought.

34

As a result, total receipts by the
Maize Board are now expected a
3,6-million tons. .

Import. requirements have also
been reduced use requirements
for maize as livestock ‘feed have
been reduced by the substitution of
other feedstocks.

The Wheat Board has begun the
importation of 400 000 tons of low-

iced wheat — unfit for human
consumption — from Australia, and
sorghum — which has similar nutri-
fional qualities to maize 5 is also
being increasingly y farmers.

In addition, a reduction in the
consumer demand for maize has
been caused by the substantial in-
crease in the maize price and resis-
tance by black consumers — who
account for most of the consum|
tion — to the use of yellow maize in
‘the maize-meal mix.

Yellow maize is traditionally re-
farded as animal feed and unfit for

by the black

mai
sales were substantially

down on last year, Mr - Peter
Wrighton, deputy chairman of Pre-
mier Milling, said yesterday.

He estimated the drop in the local
human consumption of maize at be-
tween 300 000 and 400 000 tons — “a
drop in offtake of about 10% on the
annual human consumption of three
to four million tons”.



TANZANIA

STATUS OF RELATIONS WITH CHINA REVIEWED
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 18 Sep 84 p 1

[Text] Tanzania values her longstanding friendship with the People's
Republic of China which has consistently given highest priority to promoting
cordial relations with African countries.

And Sino-Tanzania relations date back to 1965 when one of China's distinguished
leaders, Chou Enlai, visited a number of African countries including Tanzania.

The world has since seen many changes the world over. including China's
increased role in the community of nations and especially in championing the
cause of the oppressed in Africa and elsewhere in the world.

Tanzania has found China an invaluable partner, the two countries have
continued to co-operate in furtherance of their common goals and for the
sake of genuine friendship.

Most significant has been the dedication of the Chinese people to build
socialism in their country and promote the cause of international socialism
from which we have drawn invaluable lesson for our aspirations to build a
socialist society.

The current friendship and goodwill visit to China by Prember Salim Ahmed
Salim and the sheer warmth of the reception accorded him is further testimony
of the desire to enhance the old friendship existing between the peoples of
the two countries.

Tanzanians as well as the people of Africa are conscious of the perseverance
and sacrifices the Chinese people have made and are continuing to make in
support of the continent's liberation struggle.

Had it not been for the support afforded by China, the geo-political map of
Southern Africa would not have been so positively altered today. It is
heartening that China has not flinched in lending support to the nationalist
movements in the region. .

121



cso:

Army, Lieutenant-General Jan
Geldenhuys, was that in fact
the amount spent was no larger
than jt would have been any-
way — all that happened was
that various smaller exercises
had been consolidated into
one large show.

Did it cost a lot of money?

Thunder Chariot cost a
whack of money, all right. Judg-
ing from all the thunder and
lightning unleashed, the quar-
termasters must have been
lighting their cigars with am-
munition returns. In addition,
huge amounts were spent on
feeding, paying and fuelling
the thousands of men and
vehicles involved.

No doubt the case could be
made that dry runs or occasion-
al poop-offs are not enough,
and that sooner or later one
has to fire one’s weapons in an
approximation of real condi-
tions.

Ulterior motives.

Only a fool would believe
that Thunder Chariot was con-
cerned merely with practising
battle handling. The hoop-la
that surrounded it was obvi-
ously laid on with the purpose
ofimpressing someone or some
people somewhere — although
precisely who or what I do not
know. .

Where one aspect ended and
the other began was not always
easy to divine. One thing is
sure, however — the Army was
so hell-bent on making sure
that everything went without a
hitch that the rehearsals were

3400/64

96

the most intensive that any of
the participants could remem-

er.

Was it worth it?

This is subjective, of course,
since one cannot measure the
benefits in tangible terms.

Frdm personal observation I
can say with certainty that
leaders at lower levels — bat-
talion and company level —
certainly learnt a great deal.

People tend to forget that the
conventional forces consist al-
most ‘entirely of part-time sol-.
diers who have to be evaluated
on how they perform under
field conditions and it is a fact
that the place swarmed with
evaluators.

The higher commanders also
had the opportunity of trying
out various new systems they
had dreamt up since 1981,
which looked fine cs. peper but
could not be finally evaluated
until they had been put to the
test. :

Some of these systems
worked and others developed
hiccups — a new logistic set-
up, for example, fell prey to
documentary constipation and
resulted in considerable: belt-
tightening at one stage. Titis re-
sulted in powerftl recrimina-
tions and a large-scale re-
think. . \

‘So there are the two sides of
thie coin. Spin it and take your
choice. If you come to the cbn-
clusion that Thunder Chariot
was a waste of time and money,
kindly don’t shoot this piano-
player, \



SA ferrochrome, is taking
an increasing share of world
markets. Vociferous lobbies in
the industrialised west are
pressing for protective duties.

Mr Cecil Carrington, depu-
ty chairman of Consolidated
Metallurgical Industries
argues these are ill-conceived
as they simply increase the
cost of stainless steel. The
duty requested in the US in
1981 was 41- million dollars or
128- million dollars additional
cost to be borne by stainless
steel over the three years en-
visaged.

Arguments based on the
strategic value of domestic
ferrochrome manufacture
would not wash either, as
chromite would then have to
be imported.

There is no chance of SA

- producers creating a cartel,
as ferrochrome is also pro-
duced in Zimbabwe, Turkey,
Yugoslavia, Greece, India,

cso: 3400/53

37

Brazil, the Phillipines and
Finland, and all have ade-
quate chromite reserves.

SA ferrochrome growth is
linked to stainless steel pro-
duction and development of
ferritic steels. These are
lower-priced steels with high
‘chrome content and resis-
tance to corrosion. :

Mr John Hall, chairman of
Middleburg Steel and Alloys
sees a great future in ferritic
steels, in which his company
is a leader in development. ‘

Western stainless steel pro-
duction increased at 6,3 per-
cent compound from 2,2 mil-
lion tons in 1960 to 7,5 million
in 1979. Growth predictions
are 3 to 4 percent, and fer-
rochrome increases could ex-
ceed this, particularlly if fer-
ritic steels fulfil their prom-
ise, or if stainless scrap short-
ages persist.