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JPRS 83358

28 April 1983

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2792

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JPRS 83358

28 April 1983

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2792

göüia QF.AT.lÄT Tf~Tf g

FB1S FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
JPRS 83358

28 April 1983

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2792

CONTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Preferential Trade Area Seeks Ties With EADB

(Charles Wachira; THE FINANCIAL TIMES, 2k Mar 83) . •• 1

ANGOLA

UNITA Accused of Trying To Harm Relations With UK

(DIARIO DE NOTICIAS, IT Mar 83) • • • • •

3

Minister Calls for Western Support

(0 PRIMEIRG DE JANEIRO, 22 Mar 83) • • •

k

CAPE VERDE

Pereira Visits Kuwait; Joint Communique Issued

(VOZ DI POVO, 26 Feb.-83.) • •• —

5

Meeting With Amir

Praia Water Supply Aid

Joint Communique

ETHIOPIA

Comrade Fisseba Continues Working Visit to Bale Region

(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 11 Mar 83) 9

ISERTO ADER' Covers Meeting of Central Committee of COPWE

(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 27 Mar 83) . . 11

Kuraz Publishing Agency, Prensa Latina Conclude Agreement

(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 22 Mar 83) 13

Villagization Unfolds New Way of Life in Bale Region

(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 25 Mar 83) • '. . .. 15

-a - [III - NE & A - 120]
IVORY COAST

Commentary on Decision To Move Capital

(AFRICA, Mar 83) • IT

LIBERIA

Doe To Probe Personally Causes of Prolonged Petroleum Shortage

(DAILY OBSERVER, 18 Mar 83) . • • • • 20

UK Election Organizer To Advise Government on Election Procedures

(DAILY OBSERVER, 18 Mar 83) • • • • 21

DPRK Ambassador Says DPRK Desires To Expand Economic Cooperation

(NEW LIBERIAN, 18 Mar 83) 22

NEC Recommends LPRC Refinery's Closing, Refined Petroleum Imports

(DAILY OBSERVER, l6 Mar 83) .. 23

Indian Agreement To Provide Technical Assistance 'Good News'

(Editorial, J. Blamo Robinson; NEW LIBERIAN, 17 Mar 83) 25

Briefs

LBDI's 1982 Profit 27

PRC Light Industry Exhibition 27

MOZAMBIQUE

Priorities of Cooperation With Zimbabwe Defined

(TEMPO, 20 Mar 83) • 28

Briefs

Students Visit Socialist Countries 30

GDR Cooperation Analyzed 30

Military Agreement With Czechoslovakia 30

NAMIBIA

Hope for International Settlement Fades

(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, l6 Mar 83) • • 31

'WINDHOEK OBSERVER' on Political Settlement in Namibia

(WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 9 Apr 83) 33

NIGERIA

French Aid To Expelled Nigerians Increased

(LE MONDE, 15 Feb 83) • 36

- b
SOUTH AFRICA

SA Stake in Cooperation Projects With Neighbors Noted

(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, l6 Mar 83) .37

UGANDA

Government Claims of Wiping Out Dissidents Said False

(SOWETAN, 29 Mar 83) • • 38

ZAMBIA

RMC Director Notes 1982 Emerald Production

(DAILY MIL, 21 Mar 83) 39

Party Will Not Permit Locally Produced Consumer Goods Imports

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 2k Mar 83) • - ^

Mukange: Some Top Leaders Partly To Blame for ZECCO's Finances

(DAILY MAIL, 2k Mar 83) • • • ^3

Minister Gives Ultimatum To Traders To Adjust Prices

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 18 Mar 83) • • • • ^

Investigations Into Importation of South African Rand Continuing

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 21 Mar 83) ^5

Chiluba Addresses Joint Leadership Seminar of Two Unions

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 22 Mar 83) ^

DPB Opens Danish Aided Milk Processing Plant

(DAILY MAIL, 18 Mar 83) •••• ^

Press Reports on Southern Province Political Developments Banned

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 2k Mar 83) • ^

8

Central Province Districts Asked To Donate Food for Luano Starving

(SUNDAY TIMES, 20 Mar 83) ^9

Indeco Says Flour Supply To Be Normal By End of Next Week

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 23 Mar 83) • • 50

Briefs

Tractor Assembly Plant 51

Yugoslav Trade Unionist's Visit 51

Wage Ceiling Removal Urged 51

Saudis Finance Six Projects 52

February Financial Report 52

Brazilian Agricultural Consignment 52

Tazara Asks for Tax Exemption 53

ZIMBABWE

ZAPU's Survival Seen At Stake

(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, l6 Mar 83) 54

c -
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

PREFERENTIAL TRADE AREA SEEKS TIES WITH EADB

Nairobi THE FINANCIAL TIMES in English 24 Mar 83 p 9

[Article by Charles Wachira]

[Text] THE East African Development Bank (EADB) is being

considered as a possible

development bank for the

Preferential Trade Area

(PTA) covering 20 states in

Eastern and Southern Africa,

the chairman of the board of

directors Mr. A.H. Mshangäma said in a speech he

delivered during the 15th

anniversary of the bank.

The PTA secretariat has

been set upln Lusaka but it

has not been fully ratified.

The chairman observed that

EADB had continued to

operate;; in aft environment

of economic' difficulties

during 1982 and as such,:

little real growth had been

recorded in Kenya and

Tanzania while Uganda saw

a continuation of its

economic recovery. '

The bank was established

by the three East African

member states,'15 years ago

to foster industrial develop-.,

ment and to promote inteftrade among the .partner

states. ■■!< :

;

'

The member states,

however, have continued to

operate under serious restric1

tions of foreign exchange

due to adverse balances of

payment problems. The'

Tanzania shilling . ,;was

devalued in March 1982 by

JO..per cent and the Kenya

shilling in December by 15

per cent. The Uganda shilling

has under the system of

floating depreciated during '•

1982 by 18 per cent against

the bank's accounting unit,

the Special Drawing Rights

(SDR). From August 1982,'

Uganda started operating a

two-tier exchange sysem

whereby non-essential

imports are paid for at higher

exchange rate.

The chairman further said

the industrial sectors, in

which the bank has

^previously operated, were

affected by the adverse'

economic conditions in

various ways: shrinking

markets, shortage of raw

materials and spare parts with

consequent low capacity utilisation -< and v shortage of

liquidity*' in \ the; banking

system to . lend , to the

commercial sectors.

Rehabilitation of existing

projects rather . than

embarking on new ones was

emphasised in Tanzania and

Uganda. ?;'

T{ie'.bleak economic environment has affected the

bank's investment portfolio

negatively and the bank had

to continue to set aside

substantial reserves against

possible loan losses at the
same time as the lending to

new projects was concentrated to those which are

resource based and foreign

exchange earners. New

commitments in 1982 stood

at SDR 6.5 million against

SDR 5.1 million in 1981. The

fact that the new commitments did not materialise

according to the bank's expectations was mainly due

to scarcity of loanable funds

during most of l?S2. *'•:•:

•' ,; . ■■ .-;'; v.: "> /•.

It was not untilrthe last

quarter of the year that the

bank was able to conclude a.

number of new agreements

and thus mobiliseä total of

SDR 22.8 million during the

year. :

CSO: 3400/1156
ANGOLA

UNITA ACCUSED OF TRYING TO HARM RELATIONS WITH UK

Lisbon DIARIO DE NOTICIAS in Portuguese 17 Mar 83 p 1

[Text] According to observers in Luanda, the proposal by UNITA to exchange

some 64 Czech prisoners they are holding for 7 British mercenaries taken in

Angola, is aimed at harming relations between Luanda andLondon.

Observers note that the UNITA proposal could compromise the release of the

seven British mercenaries.. .The ANGOP [ANGOLAN PRESS AGENCY]. news agency

yesterday exposed "the complicity of Western countries with South.Africa,

which serves as the rearguard base to the bandits and traitors who are

fighting against the People's -Republic.of Angola."

On the other.hand, in proposing.the.exchange of prisoners in Paris, when

generally the UNITA communiques are released in Lisbon or London, the movement of Jonas Savimbi touches a sensitive pointin Franco-Angolan relations

according to the FRANCE PRESSE news agency. Angolan sources state that

lately Luanda informed France of its displeasure regarding the eventual

opening in Paris of a representation of the UNITA.

In the meantime, in Lisbon the Ministry of Foreign Affairs said:yesterday

through a spokesman, that up to this moment it has no confirmation, of the

kidnaping of 20 Portuguese, citizens in Angola,, whom the UNITA also claims to

be holding. On the other hand, and as we reported, in more detail.on page 3,

the PSD [Social Democratic Party] has denied ANGOP's accusations to the

effect that personalities of the parties within the AD [Democratic Alliance]

allegedly supported activities in Lisbon against the People's Republic of

Angola.

11635

CSO: 3442/171
ANGOLA

MINISTER CALLS FOR WESTERN SUPPORT

Porto 0 PRIMEIRO DE JANEIRO ..in Portuguese 22 Mar 83 p 4

[Text] The Angolan minister of foreign trade, Ismael Martins, said in Madrid

on Sunday that Western countries have to opt clearly between.maintaining

good relations with Angola and "supporting disruptive-elements."

In statements made after signing an agreement of economic and trade cooperation.with Spain, Ismael Martins said that "economic potential of Angola and

the existence of a government that up to now showed itself to be reliable,

should be a factor to be considered by Western partners."

In this context, Angola has "several projects that are pending, whose

implementation depends on financial conditions,-some of them not very

favorable to Angola,.and therefore demanding more discussions."

The Angolan minister of foreign trade insisted that "there is no change,

because until now multifaceted and multigeographic relations have existed

and our main partners are Portugal, the United States, France and Spain."

He went on: "We are seeking more diversification among Western countries

and we are opening more our relations with nonaligned countries of the group

known as the 77."

Ismael Martins warned that "it is not possible to strengthen our economic

relations when at the same time there is complacency regarding disruptive

groups, supported by South Africa, who are acting from Portugal and other

Western countries, our economic partners, against political, trade and human

interests of Angola."

Ismael Martins, who went from Madrid to Rome"where contacts within the

economic and trade areas can be maintained," was careful in making reference

to relations with Portugal, saying that "we shall await the verdict of the

polls on 25 April."

11635

CSO: 3442/171
CAPE VERDE

PEREIRA VISITS KUWAIT; JOINT COMMUNIQUE ISSUED

Meeting With Amir

Praia VOZ DI POVO in Portuguese 26 Feb 83 pp 6-7

[Text] The secretary general of the party and president of the Republic of

Cape Verde paid an official visit to Kuwait from the 19th to the 21st of this

month, at the invitation of His Highness the Amir, Shaikh Jabir Al-Ahmad

Al-Sabah.

During that second official visit to that Persian Gulf state, the Cape Verdean

chief of state was accompanied by an important delegation that included the

foreign minister, 1st Commander Silvino da Lux, and the secretary of state for

cooperation and planning, Engineer Jose Brito, in addition to high officials

from some state departments.

On his arrival at the Kuwait international airport, the president of the

republic was received by His Highness the Amir, Shaikh Jabir Al-Ahmad

Al-Sabah, the crown prince and prime minister, Shaikh Saad Al-Abdullah,

members of the government and representatives of the diplomatic corps accredited

to that country.

After the protocolary ceremonies on the airport tarmac, the two chiefs of state

went to the VIP salon where they exchanged their first impressions.

Shortly thereafter, His Highness the Amir, accompanied his guest to the AlSalam Palace, where the Cape Verdean delegation was lodged during its visit to

Kuwait. The two chiefs of state again talked for some time before the Amir

left the palace.

Around 1900 hours local time, the president of the Republic of Cape Verde received in audience the crown prince and prime minister, Shaikh Saad Abdullah.

On the second day of his visit, Comrade Aristides Pereira had private talks

for about 2 hours with High Highness the Amir in El-Saif Palace, the official

residence of the Kuwaiti chief of state.

Visit to the Electric Power and Desalination Plant of East Doha

After his official talks in El-Seif Palace, the president of the Republic of

Cape Verde, accompanied by the Kuwaiti minister of electricty and water,
Shaikh Khalaf Ahmad al-Khalaf, visited the electric power and desalination

plant in East Dbhr, located a few kilometers from the capital.

That modern plant, which is equipped with the most modern equipment for the

desalination of water, makes it possible to supply a great part of the city

and the surrounding area with drinking water and electricity.

Comrade Aristides Pereira toured the facilities of the plant at length,

listening to the explanations about its operation given by the technicians

of that unit.

In the afternoon, at around 1630 hours, the president of the republic received

the greetings of the diplomatic corps accredited to the capital of Kuwait in

Al-Salam Palace.

At night, His Highness the Amir gave a reception in honor of the Cape Verdean

chief of state in Al-Salam Palace at which members of the government, the

diplomatic corps and the whole Cape Verdean delegation were present.

Ceremony at the University of Kuwait

On the last day of his stay in Kuwait, President Aristides Pereira, accompanied

by Amir Jabir Al^Ahmad, attended the ceremony of the presentation of degrees

at the University of Kuwait to 156 students of that educational establishment

who completed their studies.

The ceremony was also attended by the crown prince and prime minister, Shaikh

Saad Al-Abdullah, the Kuwaiti foreign minister, Shaikh Sabah al-Ahmad, and

several other members of the government of that country.

On the arrival of the two chiefs of state, the national anthems of Cape Verde

and Kuwait were played, after which the minister of the university, Dr Yacoub

al-Ghunaim, and the director of that establishment, Dr Abdul Razak Mashari

al-Adwani, spoke. Female student Masouma Ali Akbar, who received her degree

in medicine, spoke in name of the students.

At the invitation of His Highness the Amir, President Pereira presented the

first degrees to the recently graduated students.

Immediately after the ceremony, the Cape Verdean chief of state accompanied

by his Kuwaiti counterpart, went to the airport to take the Kuwait Airways

Company plane that brought him back to his country.

Praia Water Supply Aid

Praia VOZ DI P0V0 in Portuguese 26 Feb 83 p 7

[Text] During the official visit of the president of the republic, the foreign,

minister of Cape Verde, Comrade Silvino de Luz, and the oil minister of Kuwait,

Shaikh Ali al-Khalifa, signed the documents of the agreement for the Kuwait

Fund financing of the project for the water supply and basic sanitation of the

city of Praia in the amount of $3,365,000.
The aforementioned project, which will insure the supply of drinking water to

the capital, also includes the installation of a 5-kilometer-long pipeline and

subconnections of about 32 kilometers..

The project also includes the import of a Diesel generator with a capacity of

15 kilowatts, the installation of a water pump, reservoirs, three distribution

plants and administrative facilities.

The cost of the aforementioned project is completely covered by the financing

now formalized and is scheduled to be completed by mid-1985.

Joint Communique

Praia VOZ DI POVO in Portuguese 26 Feb S3 pp 6-7

[Text] Joint Communique: At the invitation of His Highness Shaikh Jabir

Ahmad Al-Sabah, Amir of Kuwait, His Excellency Aristides Maria Pereira, the

president of the Republic of Cape Verde, made an official visit to the State

of Kuwait from 19 to 21 February 1983.

His Excellency President Pereira and the delegation that accompanied him were

extended a friendly and warm welcome, revealing the good relations established

between the two friendly countries.

In an atmosphere of friendship and understanding, His Excellency President

Aristides Maria Pereira and His Highness Shaikh Jabir Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah had

official talks during which the two chiefs of state engaged in a broad

exchange of views regarding the relations established between the two countries and regarding matters of mutual interest.

The two sides reaffirmed their mutual desire to intensify and develop the

bilateral relations between the two countries and to promote cooperation in

various areas.

Both are convinced that the safeguarding of security and stability in the

Gulf region must be the complete responsibility of its states without any

forign interference. They also confirmed the need to make the Indian Ocean

a zone of peace.

In reviewing the serious and dangerous situation in the Middle East, the two

sides emphasized their conviction that the Israeli withdrawal from all occupied

Arab territories, including the Holy City of Jerusalem, as well as the recovery

by the Palestinian People of their inalienable national rights, namely, the

right to establish their Own independent*; state in their territory, are the

basic conditions for obtaining a just and lasting peace in that region of the

world. In that regard, the two sides reaffirmed the continuation of their

support to the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), the only legitimate

representative of the Palestinian People. They also underscored the need for

the participation of that organization in all efforts undertaken to obtain a

just and lasting solution in the Middle East area.
The Kuwaiti side expressed its satisfaction with the positive attitude adopted

by the Republic of Cape Verde with regard to Arab problems. The two sides

energetically condemned the illegimate occupation by Israel of a large part

of Lebanese territory as well as the repeated attempts to interfere in the

internal affairs of Lebanon. They underscored the need to support all efforts

aimed at the establishment of peace and stability in Lebanon as well as to

safeguard its security, sovereignty and integrity under the legitimate

authority of the country.

The two sides expressed their concern over the continuation of the armed ^

conflict between Iraq and Iran, expressing the desire that a speedy solution

be found to the conflict by peaceful means.

The two sides reaffirmed their complete support for the African peoples who

are fighting to put an end to colonialism and all types of foreign control

and those who fight against racist minorities for their freedom and indepedence. With regard to South Africa, in accordance with the principle of

the right of peoples to self-determination, the two sides affirm their

support for the Namibian people in their just struggle for the liberation

and independence of Namibia under the leadership of SWAPO.

The two countries launch an appeal to the international community with a view

to taking effective measures to compel South Africa to put an end to the

illegal occupation of Namibia as well as the repeated aggressions against

the independent African countries that are its neighbors.

The two sides underscored the importance of the development of Afro-Arab

cooperation and expressed the desire to give their complete support so that

the meetings that will be held for the purpose of implementing that cooperation may be crowned with success. On that occasion, the two sides expressed

the hope that the OAU will overcome the internal difficulties that -it is

facing so that it may continue to play its positive role as an element of

stability on the African continent and as an instrument of Afro-Arab cooperation.

The two countries underscored the importance of respect for the basic principles of the Nonalined Movement as an essential and important factor for the

defense of peace and progress in the world. They also underscored the importance of solidarity and cooperation between the nonalined countries and

their condemnation of every attempt aimed at sowing discord among the countries

of the Nonalined Movement.

The two sides noted with satisfaction the positive results of this visit and

underscored the importance of frequent meetings between officials of the two

countries.

His Excellency, the president of the Republic of Cape Verde, expressed his

sincere gratitude for the warm welcome and hospitality extended to him and

the delegation that accompanied him by His Highness, the Amir of Kuwait, the

government and the friendly people of Kuwait.

His Excellency, the president of the Republic of Cape Verde, extended an invi*

tation to the Amir of Kuwait to visit the Republic of Cape Verde, an invitation

that was accepted with pleasure. The date of that visit will be established later,

8711

CSO: 3442/176
ETHIOPIA

COMRADE FISSEHA CONTINUES WORKING VISIT TO BALE REGION

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 11 Mar 83 pp 1, 3

[Text] Goba (ENA)—Continuing his working visit to Bale region, Comrade

Fisseha Desta, PMAC Assistant Secretary General, Deputy Chairman of the

Council of Ministers and COPWE Executive Committee member, yesterday

inspected development activities in Dolo province.

When Comrade Fisseha arrived in Menna town for the tour of inspection of

the province he was welcomed by Comrade Degefu Daba, the provincial

administrator, representatives of government departments and mass organizations and inhabitants of the area.

Later Comrade Fisseha visited fertile sites in Dolo province, the Shawe

Falls, developments within Menna town and its environs as well as a

peasants' village.

During the tour of the peasants' village, a peasant representative expressed

joy on behalf of his colleagues appreciating the steps taken by the

Revolutionary Government in building the peasant village.

Present during the tour were Comrade Yossef Muleta, Minister of State

Farms Development, Comrade Shimelis Adugna, Commissioner for Relief and

Rehabilitation and COPWE Central Committee member, Comrade Fisseha Gedda,

Commissioner for Tourism and COPWE Central Committee member, Comrade

Gezabegne Workie, COPWE Central Committee member and COPWE representative

for Bale region, Comrade Ali Mussa, COPWE Central Committee member and the

regional Chief Administrator, government officials and members of the

regional COPWE Committee.

Also Thursday, the high level team of government officials led by Comrade

Fisseha Desta visited the Harewa Production Task Force Settlement site in

Wabe province, Bale region.

The high-level team was welcomed at Ginir town by Comrade Kassim Mohammed,

Administrator of Wabe province and representatives of mass organizations,

government agencies and the Revolutionary Army.

Comrade Kasim Mohammed, Comrade Tesfaye Kabtimer, head of the regional

office of the Relief and Rehabilitation Commission, Comrade Getanch
Tessema, General Manager of the Bale Agricultural Development Unit, apprised

Comrade Fisseha on the progress of the Harewa Project at a meeting held

at the office of the provincial administration.

Comrade Fisseha gave directives to concerned government agencies to make

the necessary preparations in order that the village of the production task

force would be completed within a short period of time.

Earlier Comrade Fisseha visited the Sof-Omar Cave ih-Arro district,

Mendeyo province.

CSO: 3400/1031

10
ETHIOPIA

'SERTO ADER' COVERS MEETING OF CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF COPWE

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 27 Mar 83 p 3

[From "Views, Comments, Opinion" column by Mulugetta Beyene]

[Excerpt] A apodal issue-df Serfo Ader, organ

of COPWE CC, yesterday gave «wide

coverage to the Sixth Regular Plenary

Meeting of the Central Committee of

COPWE. The COPWE GC organ

stressed the decision, adopted to implement the strategy for the third and

final phase of party formation and preparations for the lOffih. anniversary

celebrations of die popular revolution.

In its Thursday's regular issue; Serto

Ader underscored the need for disseminating the Iteachängs of MarxismLeninism among the broad masses. The

spread of Marxism-Leninism is one of

the basic objectives of «he Commission

for Organizing the Party of the Working People of Ethiopia (COPWE),

at&ording to the paper. Serto Ader

stressed, in «his connection, the role being played by «he Yefcatit '66 Political

School sin the teak of disseminating the

science©! Marxism-Leninism. Workers, peasants, members of Hhe Revolutionary Army, and the Intelligentsia

who attended ideological orientation

courses have.played an immense role

in the struggle to advance the popular

struggle, according to Serto Ader. The

Yekatit '66 Political School recently

organized political orientation courses

for factory managers and senior government officials.' Zn iccmnection "with

this Serto Ader interviewed a group of

participants who recently completed

courses at the Political School on

Marxism-Lernnism. The interviewees

— Comrade Getachew AyeJe, General

Manager of (he Awash Wine Factories,

Comrade Reddi Jemal, Acting General

Manager of the Dire Dawa Textile

Factory, Comrade Imru Woldeyes,

General Manager of the Dahlak Shoe

Factory, and Comrade Senay Alemu,

wa*er project engineer alt the Addis

Ababa Water and Sewerage Authority

— said that during their studies in

the Political School they were able to

heighten their knowledge of Marxism

Leninism. At the Political School the

participants had' attended courses in

philosophy, political economy, «he .international communist movement, die

history of Ethiopia from the Marxist

point of view and the objectives and

progress of the Ethiopian Revolution,

according to the paper.

The working visit paid to Moscow

by the high-level COPWE delegation

led by Comrade Berhanu Bayfh, PMAC

standing committee and executive

committee member of COPWE was
aäso highlighted by «be organ of COP*

"WE GC. During the visit, the delegation held talk* with high4evel Commun«t Party officials of A« Soviet

Union, the pap« said.

(The working visit «nd die exchange

of views by the h%h-level GQPWE

delegation were in accordance with «he

agreement 'signed feat October between

the Communist Party "of the Soviet

Union and COPWE, Serto Ader said.

Addis lernen, Ithe Amabric language daMy, devoted its Friday editorial

comments on «he proclamation providing for the establishment of the Institute for $he Study of Ethiopian Nationalities which was issued tact week.

The paper stressed the effort« mode

by «he Revolutionary Government to

ensure the rights and equality of all

nationalities. "Lernen made note of the

series of measures taken in the course

of the Revolution to ensure the allround democratie rights of the various

nationalities in Ethiopia and said that

the establishment of the Institute will

further facilitate the struggle in this

direction.

- The Amharic daily editorialized in

Ms Saturday issue oft the Sixth Regular

Plenary Meeting of CQF$T2 GC. The

meeting, according to Zemen, adopted

strategy on the realization of the resolutions passed by the Second CQFWE

kernen. aaSd_ that &e resolutions

adopted by A* SeeonefCongiess of

OOfWE are now being Implemented

by the various sections of the Commis»

«ion. The recent proclamation issued

on the establishment of the Institute

for *e Sfudy of Ethiopian Nationalities Is a demonstration of this truth,

Zemen emphasised. The paper said that

the struggle to implement the resolutions of «he Second CQFW!E Congress

calls for tihe unreserved parficipation

of «he working people of Ethiopia kt

general, and genuine revoluionaries in

particular. r

Tezareytu, the Amharie language

weekly, also devoted its editorial comments to the Sbrth Regular Plenary

Meeting of COP^EtCC, The Second

COPWE Congress, it is to be recalled,

bad adopted a series of (resolutions on

organizational and ideological works,

economic construction, social development »current international situation,

defence of the Motherland and the revolution and party formation.

Ever since its formation the party

' organizing commission has made laudable efforts towards the realization of

the objectives of the revolution, Yes*-

reytu said. The sixth Regular Plenary

Meeting of COflPWE CC, according to

the Amharic weekly, adopted a strategy for theparty formation and the

10th - aniniverasary celebration of the

Ethiopian Revolution. In, *he struggle

'tq form the Party of the Vorking People of Ethiopia, Yexareytu saad, the

broad-masses of Ethiopia should increase their participation.

CSO: 3400/1152

12
ETHIOPIA

KURAZ PUBLISHING AGENCY, PRENSA LATINA CONCLUDE AGREEMENT

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 22 Mar 83 pp 1, 4

[Text] Kuraz Publishing Agency and the Cuban News Agency—Prensa Latina,

concluded an agreement yesterday for the distribution and sale in Ethiopia of

the new English edition of the monthly magazine, PRISMA.

The agreement was signed by Comrade Tesfaye Ayalew, general manager of Kuraz

Publishing Agency and Comrade Aurelio Martinez, director of Prensa Latina

Publications. The signing ceremony was attended by Comrade Buenaventura Reyes

Acosta, Ambassador of Cuba to Socialist Ethiopia and other embassy offcials.

Speaking to our reporter after the signing ceremony, Comrade Tesfaye said the

agreement will enable Ethiopian readers to buy the new magazine at a price of

one birr. He said the conclusion of the agreement is another example manifesting the friendly relations existing between the two countries. He noted

that there are plans in future to conclude an agreement for the exchange of

books.

Comrade Tesfaye said Kuraz Publishing Agency, which has been in operation for

more than two years now, has been engaged in the production, translation, importation and distributions of various kinds of publications. He said emphasis is given to the production and distribution of books on the teachings of

Marxism-Leninism. He added that the agency is also involved in the publication of fiction, teaching books, and books for children. He said the agency

has published 41 new titles, mostly in Amharic, and noted that three new books

in Tigrigna have also been published.

The general manager said Kuraz Publishing Agency, an autonomous body functioning under COPWE, has 22 regional branches and six others in Addis Ababa.

Comrade Tesfaye emphasized that the opening of the branches has facilitated

the distribution of all kinds of books and publications throughout the

country.

Speaking on his part, Comrade Aurelio Martinez said that the new English edition of Prisma will be ready for distribution here beginning next month. He

pointed out that it is a publication devoted to international affairs and is

designed for distribution in Ethiopia and other English-speaking African countries. He said Prisma is being published in Spanish for Latin America and

13
Spanish readers and the Portuguese version is published in Lisbon for Portuguese-speaking African countries. Comrade Martinez expressed hope that the

new magazine will be of interest to Ethiopian readers and the reasonable price

will make it possible to reach as many readers as possible.

CSO: 3400/1152

Ik
ETHIOPIA

VILLAGIZATION UNFOLDS NEW WAY OF LIFE IN BALE REGION

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 25 Mar 83 pp 1, 5

[Text] The bringing together of formerly scattered and isolated pesant settlements into villages has brought about great change in the outlook and life

style of peasants in Bale, Comrade Ali Mussa, Chief Administrator of Bale

region and COPWE CC member told a team of visiting journalists.

He disclosed that 519 villages embracing 106,318 family heads have been

formed. The big villages have some 7,000 members and the smaller ones have

300, Comrade Ali explained.

Many of the villages get clean water. Twenty four villages have deep water

wells and 8 villages get pipe water from a river nearby through the use of

gravitational force, it was pointed out. Many of the villages have got clean

water, but the regional capital, Goba, does not as yet have a water pipe

system, the Chief Administrator further stated. One of the villages, he explained is electrified.

There is no peasant family that does not belong to a village in the provinces

of Mandeyo and Wabe, two of the five provinces in the region, he added. The

formation of villages is important, specially when viewed from the fact that

most of the population has been nomads, in the past, it was learned. The

chief administrator said the nomads need water most of all. If they can get

enough water for their cattle they will have no interest in roving, Comrade

Ali explained.

The bringing together of peasants greatly contributed towards the progress of

the literacy campaign. The peasants need not go a long distance to attend

literacy classes and will not be detracted from their work since the courses

could be conducted in the evenings. As a result, peasants in 46 villages have

been completely liberated from the grip of illiteracy. Moreover, 5 district

towns have been completely freed from illiteracy, the chief Administrator

further explained.

Comrade Ali said that there are 92 peasants producers' co-operatives with

341,702 members in Bale. Seven of the co-operatives have acquired legal

status and the rest are working hard to meet all the requirements. He also

noted that there are 131 peasants service co-operatives, 31 of whcih have

already assumed legal status.

15
Rich in Resources

Agricultural personnel in the region, Comrade Ali pointed out, give training

on introduction of modern inputs and methods of farming to the peasants every

year. Referring to the resources of the region, Comrade Ali stated that it

has a considerable area covered with forests and added that efforts are being

made to develop it natural gas and coffee. The second highest mountain, Batu,

and the famous Sof Omar cave are found in the region. The Dale mountains are

noted for the magnificient Mountain Nyala, which is endemic to Ethiopia, and

other wild animals like red fox and lion. The Dinsho National Park in the

region, Comrade Ali said, has a very high attraction to tourists. Two modern

hotels have recently been built in the region. Dale, he added, is well suited

for agricultural cultivation and livestock production. The establishment of

the Agaria Multi-Purpose Peasant Training Centre, the Melka-Wakena Hydroelectricity Project being built and the Dello Messeno project, will expedite the

socio-economic development of the region, the chief administrator pointed out.

The absence of branch office of the Agricultural Marketing Corporation in the

region and lack of transport facilities, the chief administrator further explained, are some of the problems faced in transporting the produce of the

region to the places where they are needed. In addition, he said, the corporation purchases only high quality grain for the requirement of food industries. Last year, he explained, 22,640 quintals of wheat were not sold for

not measuring up to the standard required by the corporation. Unless there is

an organization that can buy lower quality grain, Comrade Ali stressed, similar problems will be faced this year too.

CSO: 3400/1152

16
IVORY COAST

COMMENTARY ON DECISION TO MOVE CAPITAL

Dakar AFRICA in French Mar 83, pp 12-13

[Text] Abidjan: the fever has subsided. The political bureau of the

Democratic Party of the Ivory Coast RDA [African Democratic Rally] (PDCI/RDA),

the sole Ivorian party, decided unanimously on 10 February to propose that the

native village of Felix Houphouet-Boigny become the capital of the country.

The draft law will be submitted to the bureau of the National Assembly,

discussed, (and obviously voted) during an Assembly session.convoked at the

most suitable time.

It will be remembered that it was the mayor of Abidjan, Emmanuel Dioulo, who

launched the debate during an official.visit.to Senegal. The political

class suspected him of engaging in an operation to enhance his personal

prestige. .And for good reason, since there was no doubt of the tacit

approval of Houphouet, public opinion, which these subtleties elude, having

been clearly expressed. The decision of the political bureau of the PDCI

was a foregon conclusion.

Politics, they say, is the art of reconciling the irreconcilable. The debate

therefore closed with a double testimonial of complete, satisfaction: that

which the decision of the political bureau gives to Emmanuel Dioulo for

ratifying the project, and the more subtle one given by the political bureau

to itself for confirming that the party had intended to make -this proposal

since 1946.

However, that is not the essence of it. The transfer of the Ivorian capital

to Yamoussoukro is of course a gesture of good will and recognition toward

Houphouet; but it has more important objective reasons. Let us forget the

debate for a moment in order to examine the file. A file which includes,

among other things, a confidential note of great interest submitted to

President Houphouet by exports in urban affairs consulted for the purpose.

Abidjan Is a Monstrous Tumor Which Causes The Withering of the Rest of the

Country and Brings Insoluble Problems of Urban Infrastructure

17
1) Urgent economic and demographic reasons argue for.the transfer. Abidjan,

which has a population of 1,800,000 inhabitants today,-will have about 10

million..in the year 2000 at the present rate of growth.

This monstrous tumor causes a.withering of the rest of the country and

brings insoluble problems of supply and urban infrastructure.

Only 35 percent of the population of Abidjan is connected to all the networks

of facilities (water,, paved roads, electricity, sewers.) Twenty-six percent

of the inhabitants live in shantytowns. Occupancy of cheap housing, planned

for 6 persons, now stands at an average of 11 persons .and sometimes reaches

20. Automobile traffic has almost reached the saturation point. Public

transportation is unable to shorten the commuting time.

Abidj an has 20 percent of the population of -the country, receives 50 percent

of the immigrants, produces 65 percent of the national added value of the

secondary sector, get 45 percent of the civil service jobs, and absorb

40 percent of the consumption of Ivorian households. But the extension of

the area of..the city is becoming increasingly difficult due to problems of

customary law on the periphery, the necessity for expensive constructions to

bridge the lagoon, the exhaustion of-ground water, pollution of the lagoon,

and transport problems. Still, there is only 80 square meters for each

inhabitant since.the city is enclosed within only 15,000 hectares.

By contrast, the transfer of the capital to Yamoussoukro is inscribed "in

a policy of.developing the territory and .reducing regional: disparities",

restoring an economic balance to the country.

2) The eccentric location of Abidjan is a politico-administrative obstacle,

since three quarters of the citizens live at considerable distances from

this administrative center.

3) In a city with a population as large and dense as that of Abidj an,

serious problems of security are raised. The legal institutions, explains

the major of Abidjan, "encourage.dangers when they are subjected directly,

at times of public disorder, to popular pressures and the mob". And he adds

that in the.present state of affairs, "the capital can be completely

paralyzed and isolated into two parts...if the two bridges happen to be

destroyed". He recalls the example.of Rabat, which was not affected by the

disorders of Casablanca last year.

4) The development of Abidjan (risky) would cost 100 billion CFA francs.

The transfer to Yamoussoukro would cost only 10 billion CFA.francs (putting

to practical use the existing infrastructures).

The fact is that Yamoussoukro, located "in.a relatively central spot and a

very well served nucleus of communications", will henceforth possess considerable infrastructures easily and rapidly adaptable to the role of a capital.

The city also possesses ultra-modern.superstructures: an international

airport, hotels, university and sport establishments, a hospital, the complex

for headquarters of the Party, etc. Furthermore, there are precedents. Has

18
not Brasilia replaced Rio de Janeiro very well (and literally out of

nothing)? In Nigeria, should not Abuja replace Lagos?. The operation of the

transfer of the Ivorian capital seems just as feasible, and what is more

surprising, reasonable.

6108

CSO: 3419/716

19
LIBERIA

DOE TO PROBE PERSONALLY CAUSES OF PROLONGED PETROLEUM SHORTAGE

Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 18 Mar 83 pp 1, 11

[Excerpt] In the wake of mounting public concern over the acute shortage of

petroleum products which has for well over a month now crippled the national

economy, Head of State, CIC Samuel K. Doe, has said he will personally investigate the root causes of this prolonged problem and effect changes, where

necessary.

In a speech delivered yesterday upon his return home from a seven-nation tour

during which he attended the Non-Aligned Summit in New Delhi, the Liberian Head

of State said "from reports reaching us during our stay abroad, the entire country has been experiencing power shortages."

This, the Liberian Leader said, has been affecting vital health delivery services, businesses and the overall wellbeing of the Liberian people.

Dr Doe added that it was his understanding that the situation remains very serious and requires creative imagination and initiative in crisis management both

in its immediate and long-term resolution.

It is in this light that the Head of State has spoken of the possibility of

necessary changes, it is highly believed.

In view of the urgent nature of the problem, the Head of State mentioned that

the matter has been raised with the Emir of Kuwait for emergency relief, while

efforts continue to find a permanent solution.

While in Kuwait, CIC Doe also used the occasion to discuss bilateral cooperation and the need to further strengthen the ties between both countries.

"As a result of our initiatives in Kuwait," Dr Doe pointed out that "that Government has invited a high-powered delegation, headed by the Minister of Foreign

Affairs, to conclude concrete arrangements on bilateral cooperation between

Liberia and that country." That delegation is expected to leave here next

Tuesday.

Observers believe that the talks may center around the exporting of crude oil

to Liberia at a reasonable cost, which the country is presently in dire need

of.

CSO: 3400/1095

20
LIBERIA

UK ELECTION ORGANIZER TO ADVISE GOVERNMENT ON ELECTION PROCEDURES

Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 18 Mar 83 p 11

[Text] Sir John Boynton, an election organizer from the United Kingdom, is due

to arrive today to advise the Liberian Government on the procedures and framework for the holding of elections in 1984-85.

Sponsored by Britain's Overseas Development Administration (ODA), Sir John is

expected to hold series of meetings with the Chairman and members of the Constitution Commission.

The 65-year old elections expert, a former head of the Cheshire County Council

in Britain, is probably best known for his work as election commissioner in the

then Southern Rhodesia in 1979-80, which led to the establishment of the state

of Zimbabwe.

Sir John told the LONDON PRESS SERVICE that he was interested in seeing the

Liberian Government make decisions which are needed for the smooth running of

the elections.

It is important, Sir John told the LONDON PRESS SERVICE, that plans are made in

time for the successful undertaking of fair and democratic elections in Liberia.

"There are a number of decisions that need to be taken fairly soon. I want to

discuss this with them and give general advice on the running of elections," he

said.

There are several matters which must be considered when elections are being

planned, Sir John noted, saying that it is important to know whether there will

be parties or candidates named for each constituency, and more importantly to

know what percentage of vote will be required of each party for a seat in

government.

"I am looking forward to the visit because it is an opportunity to help a country that has not had elections of this sort before. It is a challenge to me to

make this visit worthwhile so that they feel glad I have come," he said.

Mr Boynton, who serves as returning officer in charge of eight parliamentary

electoral divions in the UK, described his activities in the elections in

Zimbabwe as "one of the most interesting and exciting I have ever had," noting

that it was a "scratch on the face of history." He feels that his experiences

in the Zimbabwe 1979-80 election organization, would be relevant and useful in

Liberia.

CSO: 3400/1095

21
LIBERIA

DPRK AMBASSADOR SAYS DPRK DESIRES TO EXPAND ECONOMIC COOPERATION

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 18 Mar 83 p 3

[Text] The Korean Ambassador to Liberia, Mr Hyon Hong Lee, has expressed his

country's desire to expand bilateral and economic cooperation with Liberia

under the framework of the Liberian-Korean technical cooperation agreement.

Ambassador Lee made the statement here on Monday, when he called on Labour

Minister, Major E. Sumo Jones according to a Labour Ministry release issued

Wednesday.

The release did not give further details, but added that Minister Jones discussed with the Korean envoy his Ministry's urgent need for transportation

facilities to enhance the operation of labour inspectors throughout the country.

Earlier, Minister Jones welcomed Ambassador Lee to the Labour Ministry, and

hoped that Liberia would benefit from the diplomatic experience of Ambassador

Lee.

The Labour Minister recalled the Korean Government's "generous assistance" to

Liberia, including the $100,000 it provided in 1979 towards the construction

of the youth development center in Bensonville, and the 53 vehicles donated to

Liberia for hosting the 1979 OAU Summit here.

Minister Jones also recalled the signing of an air service agreement between

Liberia and Korea in 1978, and the opening of the Korean trade exhibition in

Monrovia last year, and noted that these were a concrete manifestations of the

Korean government's a "genuine friendship" with Liberia, the release added.

CSO: 3400/1095

22
LIBERIA

NEC RECOMMENDS LPRC REFINERY'S CLOSING, REFINED PETROLEUM IMPORTS

Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 16 Mar 83 pp 1, 11

[Excerpt] The National Energy Committee (NEC) has recommended that the oil

refinery operated by the Liberia Petroleum Refining Company (LPRC) be closed

down and that refined petroleum products be imported into the country.

But the LPRC Management has issued a 22-page argument against the recommendation, sparking off a major clash over the country's energy policy.

This revelation comes amidst signs of growing frustration among motorists and

the general public over the current fuel crisis in the country caused by a

shortage of petroleum products on the market.

Over the weekend Monrovia and its environs experienced long gas lines as hundreds of motorists lined up at gas stations across the metropolitan area, many

of them hoping in vain, to buy gas.

Intermittent power outages, which have plagued the capital city and the whole

country for the past five weeks, continued throughout the weekend with the inevitable adverse effect on many aspects of public and private activities.

Late last week the Managing Director of the Liberia Petroleum Refining Company and the Liberia Electricity Corporation were given 48 hours by the PRC to

come up with recommendations for alleviating the electricity and fuel crisis in

the county but up to press time there was no official announcement as to

whether the recommendations had been submitted or what they were.

$20M Gain

In a far-reaching report entitled "Possible Actions for Near Term Energy Conservation," a copy of which has been obtained by the DAILY OBSERVER, the NEC

asserts that Government could gain between $17M-$20M annually in additional

revenue if the refinery were to be closed down and the current pump price of

$3.00 per gallon maintained.

Among other matters discussed in the Committee's report are programs to educate the public about energy conservation, action to be taken by the Liberia

Electricity Corporation (LEC) to conserve energy and action to reduce Government energy consumption.

23
The National Energy Committee is a cabinet level committee appointed to assess

the country's energy requirements and make recommendations as to how these requirements can be best met, taking into account the limited national resources

and implementing cost-saving energy conservation measures. The Committee is

chaired by the Minister of Lands, Mines and Energy, Dr Fodee Kromah and has

among its members the Minister of Planning & Economic Affairs, Major Emmanuel

Gardiner, the Managing Director of LPRC, Mr Cletus Wotorson, the Managing Director of LEC, Mr Harry Yuan, the Managing Director of the Forestry Development

Authority, Mr Shad Kaydea, the Director of the Bureau of Hydrocarbons, and

Dr A.E. Nyema Jones, who was for some time Minister of Lands & Mines during

the Tolbert Administration.

LPRC's Reaction

However, in what can be interpreted as a major clash over national energy

policy, the LPRC, whose Chairman and managing Director is also a member of the

National Energy Committee, has prepared its own study entitled "Refine Crude

Oil or Import Products" which challenges the major recommendation of the NEC

report: that the refinery be closed down and refined products imported.

Although the LPRC study concedes that shutting down the refinery and laying

off 96 workers would save some money; it states that since it is dealing with

incomes and expenditures of over $100M per year, the amount of savings, which

the LPRC computes to be only $1.8M annually would be "statistically insignificant ."

But the NEC study concludes the LPRC could close down the refinery, maintain

its entire present work force of between 400-500 persons and Government could

still gain between $10M-17M annually.

CSO: 3400/1095

2k
LIBERIA

INDIAN AGREEMENT TO PROVIDE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 'GOOD NEWS'

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 17 Mar 83 pp 1, 6

[Editorial by J. Blamo Robinson]

[Text] Reports that the Indian Government has agreed "in principle" to provide

technical assistance to Liberia in the areas of mass communications, agriculture and small scale industries is indeed a good news from New Delhi.

This was the outcome of talks which the Liberian Government officials who travelled with Head of State Samuel K. Doe to the recent Non-Aligned Summit held

with their Indian counterparts on technical cooperation, trade, training and

investment.

On communications, the discussions centered around media cooperation with

emphasis on training opportunities for personnel in the Liberian news media at

the degree level.

India, which is advanced in radio and television broadcasting, has also expressed willingness to assist the Liberia Broadcasting service develop its

television network.

Moreover, an Indian business tycoon has expressed the desire to explore investment possibility in the pulp wood and paper industries in Liberia.

The Liberian officials quickly welcomed the proposal for the project, and informed the Indian business consultant about the availability of hard wood in

Liberia.

The two sides also discussed trade relations which embraced proposal for the

exportation to India of Liberian timber and Indian textiles to Liberia, as well

äs transportation venture for the private sector.

Based on the high spirit of the discussions, the Liberian Government is to

submit an "aide memoire" to the Indian Government shortly concerning Liberia's

specific needs in the areas discussed.

We venture to say that this is a golden opportunity which should not be missed,

especially at this crucial period when our economic survival depends to a

25
large extent on friendly external sources. We are informed that as soon as the

"aide memoire" is submitted, Indian technical teams would visit here to identify

specific areas for Indian assistance to Liberia.

Knowing Chairman Doe as a leader who believes in action for the betterment of

his people, nothing else would stop him in pursuing such opportunity.

THE NEW LIBERIAN, as a government-owned newspaper, therefore pledges to jump on

the back of those responsible for formulating and drafting this blueprint, if

there is a delay on their part.

CSO: 3400/1095

26
LIBERIA

BRIEFS

LBDI'S 1982 PROFIT—The Liberian Bank for Development and Investment (LBDI)

realized during the year 1982 a net profit of $321,911 and not $32,911 as was

reported in the Friday, March 11 edition of this newspaper. The profit, reflected in the bank's audited accounts, showed an increase of over 500 percent in net earnings, demonstrating a high level of efficiency and productivity on the part of the small group of Liberians running the bank. The

printer's devil is regretted. [Text] [Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English

14 Mar 83 p 1]

PRC LIGHT INDUSTRY EXHIBITION—A light industry products exhibition of Fujian

Province in the People's Republic of China, is to be held from March 25 through

April 3, at the Monrovia City Hall. This will be the first time that the

Fujian Province will hold an exhibition since the establishment of diplomatic

relations between the People's Republic of China and Liberia in 1972. According to the Commercial Counsellor at the Embassy of the People's Republic of

China in Liberia, Lin Yu-Hua, the fair is sponsored by the China Fujian Foreign

Trade Corporation whose manager, Zhang Shouzhon, is already in the country.

Lin said there are over 43 categories of products to be exhibited. This, he

added, includes 3,000 species of textile products, handicrafts, tea, beverages,

among many. The Commercial Counsellor told the DAILY OBSERVER last Thursday

that the exhibition is being held as a result of Head of State, CID Samuel K.

Doe's visit to China last year. He hoped this would enhance the already existing friendly ties between his country and Liberia. [Article by Sam Kesselly]

[Excerpt] [Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 17 Mar 83 p 4]

CSO: 3400/1095

27
MOZAMBIQUE

PRIORITIES OF COOPERATION WITH ZIMBABWE DEFINED

Maputo TEMPO in Portuguese No 648 20 Mar 83 p 5

[Article by F.R.]

[Text] Cooperation between the People's Republic of Mozambique and Zimbabwe

entered into its more practical phase of implementation of the existing

agreements between the two countries. As a matter of fact, the holding of

Mixed Commission meeting made it possible .to define the areas of greaterX

priority of mutual aid and the manner in which the common objectives should

be reached soon.

Created in August 1980. in Harare, as an instrument for the .

implementation of agreements between the two countries, the Mixed X'

Commission held its first meeting in Maputo.The meeting reflected the

growth of relations between the two countries and the responsibility they

have in the efforts for economic liberation of southern Africa.

For about 3 days, the two delegations discussed matters related to cooperation in the fields of agriculture, fishing, natural resources, forestry,

industry, geology, mines and energy, transportation and communications,

commerce and banking, education, culture, sports, health and youth.

As to agriculture, the area which in the framework of the SADCC [Southern

African Development Coordination Conference] was entrusted to.Zimbabwe,

both parties agreed to strengthen cooperation, of efforts to control the TseTse and tripanossomiasis, as well as to exchange specialized experts in

land spraying.

In the field of regional pi*ogram for nutrition safety, the two delegations

agreed on the need to build port silos to facilitate ..preservation of cereals

in transit. As a matter of fact, the ports of Maputo and Beira have handled

much cereal freight from export and.import from Zimbabwe.

Training of workers, reorganization.and development of exploitation of resources are the defined priorities in the forestry area. As to industry

and related sectors, both delegations considered as priority the utilization

of installed capacity of both countries, development of the.exchange.of raw

28
materials and finished products, as well as the coordination of industrial

development, this latter aspect is contemplated in the framework of the

projects of the SADCC nine.

Fishing and hydraulic resources will merit a study in depth based on proposals of the project to be presented by the Mozambican party. The

implementation of the clauses of the documents signed in Maputo will be

carried out during the present year.

11634

CSO: 3442/172

29
MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

STUDENTS VISIT SOCIALIST..COUNTRIES-r.T-S.ix students, and two professors of the

Geography Department of the Humanities Faculty of the Eduardo Mondlane

University recently visited three European socialist countries: GDR, Hungary,

and Bulgaria. During the trip, which lasted about 30 days, they not only

exchanged experiences with the university students of those countries, but

also had the opportunity to learn on the scene some aspects of their life

and economic industrial and.agricultural development. [Excerpt] [Maputo

TEMPO in Portuguese no 648 11 Mar 83 p 11] 11634

GDR COOPERATION ANALYZED--.In 1982 the supply of merchandise by the GDR to

RPM [People's Republic of Mozambique] increased 2.5 times as compared with

1978. In the current yaar, RPM tripled its exports to the GDR. These data

were made public during a.press -conference, devoted to the Leipzig.International. Fair which was held from 13.to 19 March in that country which is a

member of. the CEMA [Council- for Economic Mutual Assistance].... GDR is one of

the four first trade partners of the RPM in the volume of exchange. "In

addition.to the impressive development.-of the volume of.trade exchanges one

should stress the great multiplicity of economic and scientific-technical

cooperation which represented a:higher degree of cooperation than the simple

exchange of merchandise," explained to newsmen. Gunter Malaz, counselor for

trade affairs of the GDR embassy in RPM. Gunter Malaz added that-"examples

of this cooperation are: development of.coal mining in Moatize area,

development of pegmatite.mining, development of cement, industry and industrial construction of housing, building of textile combine of Mocuba, development of car building at the Cometal/Mometal complex,, creation of state

farms and reconstruction of 70 km of Moatize-Beira railroad, line." He also

said that "a large number of GDR specialists and-advisers are supporting the

RPM economy." [Excerpt] [Maputo TEMPO in Portuguese 13 Mar 83 p 12] 11634

MILITARY AGREEMENT WITH CZECHOSLOVAKIA—A.military cooperation agreement

between the RPM and the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, was signed on 5

March in Maputo by the ministers of defense of the two socialist countries,

Lt Col Alberto Chipande and Gen Martin Dzur. [Excerpt]. [Maputo TEMPO in

Portuguese No 648 13 Mar 83 p 10] 11634

CSO: 3442/172

30
NAMIBIA

HOPE FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENT FADES

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 16 Mar 83 pp 1, 2

[Text]

There isno hope of an internationally acceptable

settlement in the foreseeable future. South African

policy is to avoid completely the possibility of a

SWAPO electoral victory - even if all Cuban troops

are pulled out of Angola. Both the negotiations with

the western contact group and the bilateral talks

held intermittently between the Angolan and South

African governments? are defunct for purposes of

reaching a Namibiansettlement,

South Africa's present policy rests 1) on military

operations in Angola, to weaken the MPLA govern-*

ment to the point where it collapses or agrees to

dismiss SWAPO from Angola, and 2) to build simultaneously a new black and white party in Namibia

as a prelude to eventual internal elections from which

SWAPO.would be disqualified on the grounds that

by then it would not constitute an organised political

party. ;It should,be: noted that the elimination of

SWAPO militarily would not mean, unless decreed

otherwise, the elimination of SWAPO electorally.

South Africa - even,the "moderate" National Party

and its military..members - is not prepared to take

this risk. , Contrary to some recent reports, the

South African military has no intention of dropping

its support, for UNITA in Angola. Angolan involve-»

ment, a political imperative for all parties concerned,

means for South Africa both the withdrawal of

Cubans and; the,inclusion of UNITA.as a political

and military force to prevent SWAPO from operating. The. kidnapping by UNITA this week of about

80 Czechoslovak and Portuguese technicians in order

to barter the release of seven MPL-held mercenaries,

bears witness to UNITA's vivacity.

The finer details as to how UNITA would fit into

South Africa's administrative concept for the region

are unclear. In Windhoek rumours are circulating

again about administrative partition in Namibia. The

leader of Namibia's all-white National Party, Dr.

Kosie Pretorius, recently said that he wanted Namibia split into two: an area where "the rights of the

minority groups would be respected", and an area

which would become a.unitary state. Blacks would

share the first, area, ..and whites would control the

second. A more .ambitious partition envisages a

new sovereign state consisting of northern Namibia

(Qvambo, Kavango and Caprivi) and southern Angola> with UNITA. leader Jonas Savimbi as: president

and one of the Qvambo leaders, Peter Kalangula,

as his deputy. Mishake Muyongo, a former SWAPO

senior official who broke away to form the Caprivi

National Union, would haveaitöp ministerial job»

Pretoria's thinking on the above ideas is unformulated. But the point is,.above'all, that a new zonecin

southern Angola controlled by South African proteges would exclude SWAPO.. :.<;• . ,

:

In the immediate future. South Africa's objective

is to exert, military pressure, via direct attacks; and

via support for UNITA, on the MPLA government

in the hope that the latter wiU accept a ceasefire.The

"Ceasefire-Before4mplementation"< (GBI) concept

was devised by Pretoria as a precursor to the implementation ,of UN Resolution'-435, and was first.

raised with politicians in Windhoek last August, by

foreign minister Pik Botha. Under the; CBI, all

Angolan forces-would withdraw to the 14th parallel

while all South African forces would return to south

of the Cunerte River - thus creating a broad demilitarised zone (DMI) on the Angolan-Nahribian boFder:

With the DMI in place, South Africa could then set

about mopping up SWAPO guerrillas in Namibia,

forming the new party in Namibia, and reviewing

methods of coercing the MPLA into dropping all

support for SWAPO. ;'

•The South African military has made clear its

frustrations overits longstanding attempt to contain

SWAPO. As David Willers, a former SouthAfrican

foreign ministry official, wrote in the January issue

of The South Africa Foundation News, "SWAPO

31
lost 20% of its fighting force last year, its logistical

supply lines were destroyed in a way the American

B-52 bombers never managed against the Vietcong,

its staging bases along the length of the operational

front were shattered and many of its most senior

and experienced officers were lost." Yet SWAPO

was able to launch a large-scale new offensive last

month. According to Namibia's administrator-general, Willie Van Niekerk, the offensive consisted of

14 groups of 40-50 men each. It was described as

SWAPO's biggest offensive in 16 years, with the

guerrillas penetrating as far south as the TsumebGrootfontein "triangle of death". For years the

South African Defence Force (SADF) has been claiming major SWAPO casualties. Yet by the SADF's

own figures, SWAPO's guerrilla strength remains a

constant 6,000. A good number of SADF's claims

of SWAPO dead are fictitious. But so long as

SWAPO can get new recruits, train them in Angola

and infiltrate them to Namibia, SADF knows it can

only restrain it, not beat it.

In the context of domestic politics, with the Conservative Party and the Herstigte Nasionale Party

even now in electoral alliance in the Waterberg byelection, National Party politicians and their military

colleagues are adamant that Namibia's 75,000 whites

must be fully accommodated in any Namibian settlement - and seen to be so by the South African

electorate.

It is almost irrelevant for the National Party

whether its developing Namibia-Angola policy, as

outlined above, works according to plan. If it does

not, then Namibia simply drags on äs it has done

for so many years, provided of course the aggressive

South African military tactics involved do not

boomerang into a much more serious international

conflict«

CSO: 3400/1087

32
NAMIBIA

'WINDHOEK OBSERVER' ON POLITICAL SETTLEMENT IN NAMIBIA

MB181507 Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 9 Apr 83 p 30

["Gwen Lister Looks at the Political Scene": "SA Wants War"]

[Excerpts] A question most people in this country ask themselves at one

time or another is whether the South African Government really wants a

settlement in Namibia, and this query was highlighted in the minds of many

people when Mr P.W. Botha, [words illegible] president, Kenneth Kaunda, for

talks with the ANC and SWAPO leaders.

And in answer to what is probably a genuine desire to get the warring

factions together in the interests of peace in Southern Africa, Mr Botha

answers with the trite and predictable "We can't speak to leaders who use

weapons provided by the Communist-orientated countries"!.'!

What a ridiculous thing to say, especially in view of the fact that it is

common knowledge that factions of the South African police and/or militia

themselves made use of weapons "provided by Communist-orientated countries."

Mr Botha added in reply to the offer by Dr Kaunda that: "We can't negotiate

with leaders who try to cause unrest and revolution over the borders of

South Africa."

One would think that these are the very people the South Africans should

be negotiating with. After all, direct negotiations between South Africa,

and for instance, the SWAPO movement, would either end in a complete deadlock,

or would achieve more than the international negotiations have achieved to

date. Either way, neither side loses.

In my view, it's certainly worth a try.

Mr Botha, of course, feels differently about the matter, and his main worry

and the concern of the government as a whole, is the fact that if they were

to have discussions with the SWAPO movement then such discussions would

bestore upon the SWAPO movement a certain amount of credibility. Discussion

would mean recognition of SWAPO, according to the South Africans, and this

they are not prepared to risk.

33
But is this really the case? After all, South Africa does not really

recognise the Angolan Government as such—they are constantly accusing

the MPLA of having taken over the reins of government by violent means,

and that no elections were held—and yet they are fully prepared to hold

discussions with them on the Cape Verde Islands.

Why not then with the SWAPO movement?

If the South African Government truly desires peace in Southern Africa,

then surely they would be prepared to take the chance.

One can hardly ask South Africa to consider the people of Namibia first—

this they will not do—but one could ask them to consider the lives of their

own sons, wasted so senselessly, in a war without purpose. I say war without

purpose because sooner or later in this territory an election will have to

be held—and sooner or later the SWAPO movement is going to come to power.

And relations between the South African Government and a future SWAPO government will undoubtedly be tense and strained, but once that stage has been

reached, it is unlikely that the two will still be at war.

This has been proved by past examples. South Africa never liked the MPLA—

considering them to be a tool of the "Communists" and did back and still

backs UNITA, to the hilt. But they have come to at least accept the MPLA

government, yes, and even trade with them.

But South Africa refuses to recognise this eventuality. And once again

as history has often proved in the past—enemy today is a friend tomorrow.

Not that SWAPO and South Africa will ever be friends—but certainly the

relations will of necessity be on a relatively peaceful level. Relatively

peaceful that is, until some so-called liberation movement begins to oppose

SWAPO, and South Africa will quietly channel weapons and aid to the opposing

movement.

And, unfortunately, because propaganda has begun to take on a certain amount

of reality to them—many South Africans picture members of the SWAPO hierarchy

as bearded men (black of course), smoking Havana cigars, spouting Marxist

dogma, driving luxury limousines and wanting to kill off as many Christians

and Whites as possible!

For those of us who have met, if not all, then at least some of the SWAPO

hierarchy, this is total distortion. The fact is that many SWAPO leaders

are non-smokers, teetotallers, (not riding around in limousines as is often

depicted) and are deeply religious men. In addition to which, and I say

this without fear of contradiction, the majority, and I repeat majority,

of the SWAPO members, are Church-going people with more religious conviction

than many of their fellow Whites.

And above all, (and this is often apparently forgotten) they are people.

People doubtless, who also long for peace, for an end to the unremitting

deaths of many of their compatriots.

3k
South Africa often says that SWAPO wants independence "through the barrel

of a gun" but does South Africa now wish to retain control"of Namibia

"through the barrel of a gun?" Let her prove otherwise—and agree to

talk to SWAPO.

CSO: 3400/1196

35
NIGERIA

FRENCH AID TO EXPELLED NIGERIANS INCREASED

Paris LE MONDE in French 15 Eeb 83 p 48

[Text] Last week Mr Peccoud advisor to the delegate minister of development

and cooperation announced that France intends to send new aid in the form of

3,000 tons of foodstuffs to those expelled from Nigeria. The means of

expediting this aid, probably by boat, is already under consideration. The

delegate Ministry of Cooperation, in liason with the Ministry of Defense,

has already sent.to Lome, Togo six tons of medicine and three tons of blankets

as well as an advance unit of medical personnel aboard a Transall. A new

shipment of 2.5 tons of medicine to Benin took place Thursday.

Mr Peccoud also indicated that Paris had purchased from Upper Volta, which

has a surplus of cereals, 500 tons of corn expedited by truck toward Lome,

at the price of 1.1 million francs, an operation of "South-South cooperation"

which could be renewed with Nigeria. Finally, the CEE decided to accord an

aid of approximately 35 million francs to Ghana. Paris, for its part, will

furnish a Transall to deliver to its destination material assistance collected

by non-governmental organizations.

Furthermore, President Bongo will travel to Lagos this week, and the

consequences of the expulsion of foreigners from Nigeria will be mentioned

during his discussions with President Shagara. Without delaying, in the face

of the growing criticism of which it is the object, the Nigerian government

has given assurances that the departures of skilled foreign workers in

illegal residence, scheduled before the first of March, will take place in a

more orderly fashion. Lagos has promised to make transportation available.

While President Hissene Habre was meeting with Mr Houphouet-Boigny and

Mr Eyadema Thursday at Lome, the Chadian authorities issued a warning against

"any aggressive act or threat" towards Nigerians expelled from Chad. Some

20-30 thousand Chadians are among the Nigerian being expelled.

Finally, in the course of an interview published this Monday, February 14, by

the weekly magazine "NEWSWEEK", Mr Jerry Rawlings, Ghanian head of state,

declared that the "cynical" expulsion by Nigeria of a million of his

compatriots, is part of a conspiracy against his regime. "But if we manage

to come out of it okay, it will be a brilliant example for Africa," he added.

9825

CSO: 3419/617 3g
SOUTH AFRICA

SA STAKE IN COOPERATION PROJECTS WITH NEIGHBORS NOTED

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 16 Mar 83 p 8

[Text]

SOUTH AFRICA: WATER GUNBOAT DIPLOMACY. Last

week the Lesotho government said that Lesotho was about to be

attacked from South Africa. Pretoria denied all knowledge of

the plot, but Maseru repeated the allegations, this time with a

note of panic. One object of the South African commando raid

oil Maseru in December was to make'prime minister Lebua

Jonathan's government more amenable to the Lesotho Highland

(LH) water plan, on which South' Africa's economic development

plans are heavily dependent.'

This objective became even clearer in January after yet another

raid hours before-the SADCC summit meeting. We understand

that the Lesotho government was then going to raise the LH

scheme informally with other SADCC members from which South

Africa also hopes to buy water. Word had leaked out that Maseru

was planning to form a sort of cartel which would fix the price

of.water. The January attack was carried Out by the Lesotho

Liberation Army (LLA), which concentrated on damaging a

newly-constructed water storage and pumping system on the outskirts, of Maseru.'-- V

;

•

Two SADCC members, Zambia and Botswana, declared'LLA

leader Ntsu Mokhehle, a prohibited immigrant in 1980, having

given.him refuge initially because of his longstanding links with

the ANC. The South African-supported LLA has been mounting

a campaign of sabotage and murder since 1979 in an attemptto

destabilize the Lesotho government. Mokhehle issues his state-"

ments via the SouthAfrican Press Associations Johannesburg.

.The current Lesotho fear of a South'African/ LLA attack is

connected with the pressing need for South Africa to confirm

certain undertakings already given to Maseru about, the LH

scheme. The European Development. Fund (EDF) is about to decide which of the shortlisted European consultants is to get the $5m

contract for a full feasibility study on behalf.of Lesotho. (South

Africa's plans are being separately drawn:up), In particular the

EDF would like to ensure that agreement is reached on the. price

Lesotho is asking for the water, and that Maseru has control

over its flow.'-South Africa wants the first phase to be completed

by 1992, meaning'that construction work has to start in. 1985.

Lesotho was adamant about its right to keep hold of the tap,

despite the economic benefits it is supposed to receive ön top of

the price for the water;— for instance electricity supplies. So

Pretoria had ho option burrb concede to Lesotho and'the EDF

if construction was to start on schedule. r

South Africa has tried to Uress up this arid other' similar

schemes'as a splendid example of mutualcooperation. The South

African Broadcasting Corporation described the. LH and a similar

scheme, the Usutu River Plan and Swaziland, as; a means of

turnjng the sub-continent into "a .food bank for the world and

ah industrial giant". However, Sbutfr'Africa cannot do without

the-water. As DrJ.de Beer; director-general of South Africa's

Department of Heälth'and Welfare,' noted a few months ago, the

maximum' population South Africa could reasonably sustain with

present wateif supplies is about'68m. The population how is

27m and .will be close to 50m by 2020; With the current drought

de Beer's'p^edictron is optimistic. '""- '

A White Paper on the subject is now being prepared'in Pretoria,

proposing a wide range of measures, including'Hie LH scheme

and the sharing of waterwith Swaziland, Mozambique, Zimbabwe

and Botswana. But to "realise these plans. South Africa needs

treaties with the countries concerned,-and if Lesotho is anything

to go-by, these will be difficult to obtain. The nearest South

Africa has got is in forming a tripartite permanent committee

with Swaziland and Mozambique aimed at cooperating on "the

utilization of'waters from common rivers"»

CSO: 3400/1086

37
UGANDA

GOVERNMENT CLAIMS OF WIPING OUT DISSIDENTS SAID FALSE

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 29 Mar 83 p 7

[Text] Nairobi—Uganda's National Resistance Army, the military wing of a re

sistance movement fighting for the overthrow of the Government of President

Milton Obote and free and fair elections, is celebrating its second anniversary.

Formed after allegations that Obote "rigged" the December 1980 general election, with the back of Tanzania, to put its Uganda People's Congress into power,

the NRA has in recent months become increasingly active.

Despite frequent government claims that it is "on the run" and "about to be

eliminated," NRA commander, former Uganda Defence Minister Yoweri Museveni,

claims the support of the overwhelming majority of the Ugandan people.

In an anniversary statement just issued, the organisation described its establishment which, it claims runs from its high command down to village militias,

established clandestinely in many parts of the country.

The NRA claims that most of its commanders are former Obote army commanders

and that its ranks include people from all walks of life and segments of

society.

Recruitment, it says, was formerly carried out clandestinely but is now carried out through village resistance committees. People are recommended for

training either as militia or "regular troops." Basic military training is

followed by specialised training guerrilla warfare.

Between operations NRA soldiers help villagers on the land and take part in

community social activities, the statement adds.

The accompanying pictures are the first issued by the NRA to illustrate its

activities in Uganda's swamp and forest lands. [Photographs not reproduced]

CSO: 3400/1094

38
ZAMBIA

RMC DIRECTOR NOTES 1982 EMERALD PRODUCTION

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 21 Mar 83 p 3

[Text] The Reserved Minerals Corporation of Zambia (RMC) last year mined

66,000 grammes of emeralds, managing director, Mr Winner Matongo said in

Lusaka at the weekend.

He explained that part of the emeralds mined so far had been sold to buyers in

Europe, Asia and the United States.

The Reserved Minerals Corporation was formed in 1980 and the first task the

management faced was exploring the potential emerald rich areas before starting the actual production, Mr Matongo said.

"The few months were mainly on exploration of the emerald area and last year

full production started at the only mine we are operating. We have so far produced 66,000 grammes," he said.

Mr Matongo said his corporation is operating on a tight budget because emerald

prices are generally low because of the continued adverse global economic situation.

The company's current objective is to fully utilise the Copperbelt and later

open more mines in other areas, he said.

The managing director said that arrangements with a Saudi Arabian company which

is to jointly mine the minerals with RCM are expected to be concluded this year.

"We have entered into an agreement with a Saudi Arabian firm which is to do

business with us on a joint basis and once we finalise everything, hopefully

this year, more mines will be opened," Mr Matongo said.

He pointed out that once his company increases production, it will effectively

counter the problem of emerald smugglers whose "stones" have found their way on

the international market.

Mr Matongo said that he has received information from abroad indicating that

smuggled emeralds have found lucrative markets outside.

The problem he noted has reached a serious position and he only feels an increase

in his company's production can reverse the situation.

39
He said in order to realise this objective RCM has embarked on efforts to raise

more funds to invest into the mines.

Mr Matongo explained that emerald production is difficult to predict at the

moment because its occurrence is sporadic adding that its quality is also

hard to determine.

"Unlike copper, emeralds have no scientific methods by which quality can be

determined," he said.

Mr Matongo said at the moment there were organised emerald producers in Zimbabwe and South Africa which are also competing for markets.

CSO: 3400/1092

Uo
ZAMBIA

PARTY WILL NOT PERMIT LOCALLY PRODUCED CONSUMER GOODS IMPORTS

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 24 Mar 83 p 1

[Text] The party and its government will not allow the importation of consumer

goods such as wheat, rice and cooking oil which can be produced locally, Prime

Minister Mundia said yesterday.

Mr Mundia was speaking at National Milling Cairo Road branch after a tour of

ROP factory and NM plant during which he reviewed progress on the operations of

the two companies since January this year.

He blamed ROP management for failing to complete the three-phase extension project of the factory in time after having assured him the project would be ready

by this month when he promised to visit the plant.

Once the plant at ROP was completed, Zambia would be self-sufficient in cooking

oil, washing powder and bathing soap which were being supplemented by imported

ones.

Zambia had diverted enough foreign exchange to import some of the essentials

but the Government would not encourage the practice.

He urged Zambians to work hard and produce wheat, rice and raw materials for

manufacturing cooking oil to save the precious foreign exchange.

He instructed ROP acting general manager Mr Cosmas Chulu and projects manager

Mr Caxton Kondolo to submit a report to him on the matter.

Commodities

The two men informed him that phase one—the solvent extraction plant and phase

two seed crushing plant—had been completed and was operating to capacity,

except for phase three which was expected to be operational next month.

When all the three phases were operational the company would produce sufficient

commodities for local consumption.

At the NMC plant, Mr Mundia blamed ROP and NMC managements for failing to follow up their programmes.

1+1
He urged ROP, NMC and Namboard managements to coordinate their efforts

through Indeco, Contingency Planning office and his.

NMC Cairo Road branch manager Mr Brodwell Hamoonga and acting general manager

Mr Raghunandan Mathur told the Premier the firm on Tuesday received a 30-tonne

consignment of locally produced wheat from Mazbuka.

Some more wheat was expected from the Southern Province Cooperative Marketing

Union (SPCMU) while some 30,000 tonnes of wheat would come from South Africa

within ten days.

The company was expecting to receive 2,000 tonnes of table salt soon.

Mr Mundia wondered why the firm had failed to buy wheat from the SPCMU even

after this was agreed upon at a management meeting six months ago.

Mr Mundia, who is Minister of Finance, said no foreign exchange would be allocated to import wheat in future until it bought all the locally produced.

He informed NMC employees after touring the plant that Zambia was expecting to

receive 15,000 tonnes of maize through the European Economic Commission (EEC)

and 3,000 tonnes from Zimbabwe.

He appealed to the workers to look after public property and report thefts and

carelessness among fellow workers.

Mr Mundia blamed Indeco management for failure to inform the public about the

true situation involving essential goods.

CSO: 3400/1092

142
ZAMBIA

MUKANGE: SOME TOP LEADERS PARTLY TO BLAME FOR ZECCO'S FINANCES

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 24 Mar 83 p 1

[Text] A trade unionist yesterday said that some party and government officials owe Zambia Engineering and Construction Company (ZECCO) thousands of Kwacha in loans for residential houses built for them.

General secretary of the National Union of Commercial and Industrial Workers

(NUCIW), Mr Albert Mukange said some top leaders were partly to blame for the

financial problems facing the company.

Mr Mukange was officially opening a two-day union seminar.

"The company built a lot of residential houses for leaders who are not paying

back the money to the company. I ask the party and its government to ensure

that these leaders pay back the money," he added.

He also said that it was wrong for the leadership to exploit taxpayers who contribute to the creation of these companies, adding: "The leadership in this

nation must lead by example."

The general secretary also told the meeting that his union had received numerous requests from employers all over the country to lay off workers.

He said the union had been advised by companies that instead of shutting down

firms completely, it would be better to lay off some workers and avoid mass

redundancies.

The union was still fighting to persuade companies to accept alternative measures it has put forward as short-term solutions while government was considering appropriate action to be taken to avert the lay-offs.

The union has also appeared to the party and its government to expedite the allocation of foreign exchange to industries to avert mass sackings of workers.

Mr Mukange said that if nothing was done soon, a lot of companies would close

down and hundreds of workers thrown into the streets.

CSO: 3400/1092

U3
MINISTER GIVES ULTIMATUM TO TRADERS TO ADJUST PRICES

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 18 Mar 83 p 1

[Excerpt]

ZAMBIA

PRICE""inspectors have" been"'

instructed to visit markets,

bars, hotels and shops to ensure traders charged prices

recommended by manufacturers which were approved by

the Government.

"Enough is enough. We

have been pushed too much

against the wall," Minister of

State for Commerce and Industry, Mr Leonard Subulwa,' ;

said yesterday. •.«>

Addressing traders at Kapiri

.Glass Products factory clubjn

Kapin Mposhi and Hindu halt

in Kabwe, Mr Subulwa

directed district councils to

^blacklist any businessman w*ho:

did not comply with order. .. He urged councils to invoke

the 1974 district market bylaws which were still in force to

lower prices of goods sold

within their areas.

"I am on a crusade because I

have received disturbing

reports that traders" are charging what they like on their

goods and price inspectors

have become ineffective.

"As minister appointed by

the President on behalf of the

people, 1 am now delivering

this message," Mr Subulwa

said and turning to Central

Province senior price inspector, Mr Levy Chimbalanga, he

^sa^är"'w,?*" - -—- -;* -- -;: - -~*

"With effect from tomorrow (today) go round all bars.

hotels and shops and enforce

' the order. We are not going to

: allow rieh people to exploit the

.-- consumer. We are going to give

consumers the same protection

; we give to traders."

Businessmen had misurtder-

.. stood the Government decision

'? to decontrol prices of 32 com-

" modifies.:

..By decontrolling prices, the

- Government wanted to remove

-the redtape which created

hardships among businessmen

so that-manufacturers would -

recommend their prices direct-";

Iy to the Prices and Incomes

Commission for approval

through price inspectors.

* "But this is not being done,

everybody has become mad,

charging what they like. They

want to become rich overnight."

Some traders made as much

as K40 profit from a pocket of

tomatoes bought from farmers

at only K5.

"This is economic sabotage.

The Governmentcannot allow

consumers to be exploited like

- this. I am giving all traders un-

. til this afternoon to adjust their

prices or face the wrath of

price inspectors." .;.

The Government had decided to issue this warning first

before punishing exploitative

traders.

Wholesalers, retailers and

various businessmen other

than manufacturers should

stop fixing their own prices

since it was not their business.

Prices advertised by Indeco

: on decontrolled items should

be implemented hy all traders^

District councils should display

adverts at all markets, shops,

bus stations and other public

places for the benefit of consumers and traders.

The war was also directed at

over-invoicing which was rampant among many businessmen. There were those who

hired taxis to buy only one

crate of beer from Lusaka, expecting the consumer to off-set

transport costs by - overcharging on the beverage.

Such businessmen together

with butchers who deliberately

hiked their meat prices from

K2 a kilo to K7 should be

boycotted so that when their

goods rot because of lack of

customers, they would lower

the prices next time.

Some traders bought perfume bottles at säy K3 abroad

and resold them in Zambia at

K45 each.

CSO: 3400/1092

kk
ZAMBIA

INVESTIGATIONS INTO IMPORTATION OF SOUTH AFRICAN RAND CONTINUING

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 21 Mar 83 p 1

[Text;

W WILL hot say anything <

t- which is not in the interest

of the Party and its Government." That is how the

minister of state for Home

S Affairs Ghieftainess Nkome-

- shya, reacted to enquiries

about progress on the half a

million South African rand

(recently brought into the

country.

The minister brushed aside all

questions on specific issues.

-s raised by the Times during

• an interview in her office.

Following exhaustive Times

investigations the minister

was on Thursday; sent a

..• written questionnaire at the

• i National Assembly seeking... % clarification oh: "''. \

#Whether it was true that the

authorities had dropped

charges against the people

involved;

%\i it was true that the Special Investigations Team for

Economy and Trade

^(SITET), to which the case

^ad been transferred from

police had in fact authorised the importation of the

. currency;

• What that meant in terms of

the currency owners and if it

was true that the importation had been authorised

by the State.

When interviewed at her own

suggested time at the ministry on Friday afternoon the

minister said: .

"As a? ministry we do not

; know anything as investiga-

'" tibns are still going on.

The issue is very well known

"andthe nation isWaiting For,

*•' an outcome. The nation will;

be told when the investigations are finished".

The importation of 429,000

rand was revealed last

month after police in Livingstone confisticated it from

• owners who had just

brought in in from South

Afric3' the case was later transferred

from police to SITET.

Attempts to get details from

, SITET director Mr Fred

Allen, have failed for the

past two weeks.

Last Friday a woman at SITET

offices when contacted by

phone said the director "has

said that he is not in".

Persistent phone calls had by

Friday reached Mr Allen

shortly after the interview

- " with the minister and he said

since he had briefed the

minister through the permanent secretary he would not

talk to the Press.

When pressed that the minister had not answered specific

questions the SITET director also insisted that "I do

not want to say anything

that will prejudice investigations";

It was gathered during investigations that the owners had

—produced documents show-

. ing that the money was.

brought into the country on

instructions of SITET.

But police at force headquarters and Livingstone insisted

that the papers were not produced at the time when the

money was physically moved

into the country.

CSO: 3400/1092

k5
CHILUBA ADDRESSES JOINT LEADERSHIP SEMINAR OF TWO UNIONS

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 22 Mar 83 p 1

ZAMBIA

[ Text ] "zAIvfBfiC Congresiföf tfade1

Unions chairman Mr Frederick

; Chiluba has attacked hypo-;

crites who preach socialism but

fail to practise it. - .[: - *:'

c He has urged the trade union;

movement to stand up and'

fight for the welfare Of

workers and warned the Gov- •

ernment against making promises it could not honour."\

•Mr Chiluba was addressing a.:

joint leadership seminar of.

Civil Servants Union Zambia,"

•National union of Public

Service Workers and Zambia'

. United Local Authorities;

Workers Union at the Rid-;

gewav campus of the Univer- >.

wtv of Zambia in Lusaka-.

vesferdav. '; -

He lashed out at the Government for "helping to fuel" "j

the inflationary spiral in the

economy by employing people

and creating costs through the

release of personal incomes

without corresponding services

or goods produced.

.Committees and other

-"bodies appointed to look into

conditions of services only

worsened situations because

thev arrived at conclusions

ivvhich prevented trade union

•participation.

Trade unions in public

service or private sector and

other branches of the economy

would not be compelled to

negotiate with such committees which had neither the

authority to bargain nor the

mandate to sign agreements.

Any income deals arrived at

without trade union participation should be suspect because

thev were detrimental to the

.growth ofthe economy.

: Zambia must not misconstrue the noble values of

socialism by merely speaking

about distribution which was

void of production.

The essence of free collective bargaining was to examine

;tho productivity of labour and

other variables to determine

reasonable levels of incomes

without derived distribution

from production..

CSO: 3400/1092

U6
ZAMBIA

DPB OPENS DANISH AIDED MILK PROCESSING PLANT

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 18 Mar 83 p 3

[Text] THE.'Dairy Produced

Board (DPB) has:;

opened a milk pro- ,

cessfng factory in ;

Mazabuka with the

help of the Danish

government.

A. company spokesman

said in Lusaka yesterday ;

;

that the board has for many

years now been transporting milk using cans in

three open trucks from

Mazabuka dairy farmers to

»he Lusaka plant for processing and packing»

The processed product

is hr turn supplied back to

Mazabuka; (

"Since most, of the dairy

farmers in and around Mazabuka do not have cooling

facilities on their farms,

the mflk had to be* transported to the Lusaka factory as quickly as possible

in order to maintain its

quality. This in itself had

been costly both in man

hours and transportation

costs," the spokesman

explained.

He added that the recent increases in the producer price of fresh milk

has had a positive effect

on the production of milk

by dairy farmers,

. Two years ago, the board

used to receive an average

of>6,000 litres of milk aday

from the farmers in and

around Mazabuka. This has

since gone up ito 12,000

litres per day and; hence the

putting up of i;lhe processing plant at Mazabuka.

The spokesman said that

the board anticipates that

the putting up of the processing plant will cut down

costs of-transporting milk

from Mazabuka to Lusaka

for processing and packing,

create employment for

local people within the district area, encourage dairy

farmers in the area to increase their milk production as well as attract

interested people to join

the industry and decentralise the processing and

packing facilities.

The plant will also process cheese, sour milk and

ice blocks in the near

future. >.'■■'

The spokesman also said

that in order to provide a

continued service to customers in Lusaka, many

more milk selling points

are expected to be established in residential

areas as soon as the transport position improves.

So far the board has

recently received 15 new

trucks which are now awaiting for body building.

CSO: 3400/1092

^7
ZAMBIA

PRESS REPORTS ON SOUTHERN PROVINCE POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS BANNED

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 24 Mar 83 p 1

[Excerpt] FREIÜÖM HöuseMs bannecfPress statements on the

controversial political developments in Southern Province

In a statement released in.

Lusaka last night, a spokesman said the issue had been

reported to the Party and was

being pursued.

The statement also banned

individuals, irrespective of

their position or role in the

Party from using the name

of the President in pursuit of

"group interests" or '"personal objectives," in matters

that were contrary to public

policies and procedures which

amounted to debasing the

authority of the President, the

Party and its Government.

On Tuesday, provincial political secretary at Freedom

House Mr Samson Mukando

identified a Lusaka group of

prominent Tongas campaigning to change the political

thinking of the people in

Southern Province.

Mr Mukando, who is leader

of the group, told a news

conference in his office that

they had informed everybody

up to the highest level of the\

leadership about. their programmes.

Yesterday Southern Province Member of the Central

Committee Mr Mungoni Liso

refused to talk to Livingstonebased. Pressmen over the now

controversial "vote Yes" campaign in his region. , When journalists-visited his

office, Mr Liso came out into

his secretary's office. For a

brief moment he looked at the

waiting journalists and asked:

"Are you Pressmen? Anyway

I am hot talking to Pressmen.

Let the Lusaka people say

what they like but I am not

going to hit hart"

CSO: 3400/1092

1+8
ZAMBIA

CENTRAL PROVINCE DISTRICTS ASKED TO DONATE FOOD FOR LUANO STARVING

Lusaka SUNDAY TIMES in English 20 Mar 83 p 7

[Text]

AN appeal has been sent

to all districts in Central

province to donate food

for the starving villagers

in the Luano valley,

Mkushi deputy district

executive secretary, Mr

Ernest Mwansä has said.

The most affected areas are

those of chiefs Chembe,

Mboshya, Shikabeta and

aroundChingombe mission.

The road to Luano valley is

impassable except by fourwheel drive vehicles because

of steep cliffs across the Muchinga escarpment. ;

Efforts in the past to deliver

food to the area failed as

vehicles plunged into the

ravine.

"On our part, we have

acquired 900 bags of roller

mealie meal from the Baptist

Mission ofAmerica alter negotiations between them and our

district governor Mr Kombe

and the area's Member, of

Parliament Mr Chembe, Mr

Mwansa said^

Supplies

The food supplies were

being transported via Lusaka

and Chongwe in Lusaka Rural

by road up to Shikabeta's

area which had been turned

into a temporary headquarters

for this purpose.

The road which linked

Mkushi to Lusaka Rural at

•^Lunsemfwa river was good

and there was no need to use

four-wheel drive vehicles, Mr

, Mwansa said.

"We made two trips to

deliver, the bags of mealie

meal to the area. The first

trip made on March 1 and

the distribution was completed

on March 4.

Asked what contribution the

Government had made tpwards the operation. Mr

Mwansa said his district had

submitted estimates to the

office of the provincial permanent secretary on the

amount of money needed for

theexercise.

"In fact, all districts have

been requested to get involved. You can find out details

from the permanent secretary."

The office of the Central

Province Member of the Central Committee has sent estimates to Lusaka for relief

food supplies for starving

villagers in the province.

Provincial permanent secretary Mr Yuyi Libakeni said

yesterday the largest share of

the estimates was for Luano

valley where more than 300

villagers had resorted to eating wild roots because of lack

of food. i

Mr Libakeni.could not confirm reports that all districts

in the province had been told

to donate food supplies to

Luano, saying he was not

aware ofsuch a directive.

"I don't see how districts

can donate to Luano when

they, too, have villages where

people are starving. That is

why we have sent estimates

to Lusaka for food supplies

to these areas, although the

largest share would go to

Luano."

Experts

Mr Libakeni said a team of

experts from his office and in

Lusaka Province was assessing

the possibility of putting up a

pontoon across Lunsemfwa

river to connect Luano valley

near Chief Shikabeta's area

with Lusaka Rural.

The experts who included

men from mechanical services

department would report on

the estimated of the pontoon.

CS0: 3400/1092

^9
ZAMBIA

INDECO SAYS FLOUR SUPPLY TO BE NORMAL BY END OF NEXT WEEK

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 23 Mar 83 p 2

[Text; NATIONAL Mi I (mg Company has ordered 30,000

viate the shortage of flour. : ._

An Indeco spokesman arriving in Lusaka and Kabwe

said in Lusaka yesterday

that the flour supply

situation was expected to

be normal by the end of

next week.._

Southern Province Marketing Union has sold National

Milling 1,000 tonnes of locally

produced wheat that was taken

by road from Mazabuka to

National Milling's mills at Kabwe and Lusaka.

National Milling had ordered 10,500 tonnes of wheat

from' South Africa in addition to 18,000 tonnes of

Australian wheat which has

now arrived at Dar es Salaam

port and is due in Zambia

anytime.

"Wheat from Mazabuka is

for milling into flour while the

first consignment of South

African wheat is now on its

way to Zambia," the spokesman said.

He appealed to consumers to

bear with the company as

arrangements are being made

to bring in the wheat by the

quickest means.

The flour supply situation

was expected to improve more

with the arrival of wheat which

National Milling is buying

from the United States of

America.

An Indeco delegation comprising National Milling general manager, Mr Frank Mkwanazi, his purchasing manager,

Miss Rose. Walinkonde and

Supa Baking assistant production manager, Mr Inkson

tonnes of wheat to afleChulu is in the United States

familiarising itself with wheat

production, marketing, pricing

and export systems.

During the tour, the delegation is expected to arrange

for the purchase of wheat

following a K7 million food

commodity loan signed

between Zambia and the

United States last month.

Under the agreement, Zambia would receive 18,600 tonnes of wheat.

CS0: 3400/1092

50
ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

TRACTOR ASSEMBLY PLANT—The proposed tractor assembly plant to be established

in Lusaka by INDECO and a Czechoslovak firm is expected to be operational by

1985. This was said in Parliament yesterday by Commerce and Industry Minister

of State, Mr Leonard Subulwa in answer to a question by Saindani Phiri (Roan)

who wanted to know which financial institution is financing the K12 million

Zetor tractor plant. Mr Subulwa informed the House that the plant would be

known as the "Lima Tractor Company Limited" and is a joint venture between

INDECO Limited and Motokov Foreign Trade Corporation of Czechoslovakia. The

minister added, that the project, which was estimated to cost K17.8 million

last year is now estimated at K26.982 million taking inflation into account.

He said that ZIMCO, the major shareholder (80 percent shares) through INDECO,

will provide 80 per cent of the total costs while Motokov will provide the remaining 20 per cent. He said if funds are available on time from ZIMCO the

plant should be operational in 1985. [Excerpt] [Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English

24 Mar 83 p 5]

YUGOSLAV TRADE UNIONIST'S VISIT—President of the Yugoslav Confederation of

Trade Unions arrives in Zambia tomorrow at the start of his seven-day visit for

talks with local trade union leaders. The official, Mr Bogoljb, is also a member of the Central Committee of that country's Communist Party and the Council

of the Presidium, a spokesman for the Yugoslav Embassy, confirmed in Lusaka

yesterday. On the Copperbelt, the Yugoslav labour leaders will address the

Zambia Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU) General Council which meets in Kitwe at

the weekend. [Excerpt] [Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 24 Mar 83 p 5]

WAGE CEILING REMOVAL URGED—The party and its government must remove the five

per cent wage ceiling for trade unions to negotiate salary increases freely for

workers, Chikankata Member of Parliament Mr Joshua Lumina has said. Contributing to the vote for the Ministry of Labour and Social Services, Mr Lumina said

as the Government decontrolled the price mechanism to allow manufacturers to

make profits "so it should decontrol the wage ceiling to allow room for trade

unions to bargain." Mr Lumina described the five per cent wage ceiling as

"nonsense" and called on the party and its government to make full use of the

Zambianisation committee so that qualified Zambians could take over jobs which

were now being done by expatriates at high costs. He wondered why at Nitrogen

Chemicals in Kafue there were expatriate technicians when hundreds of Zambian

technicians were roaming the streets. He said the Government had become the

biggest "capitalist" and should bear the responsibility of finding jobs for

the youths leaving learning institutions. [Excerpt] [Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA

in English 18 Mar 83 p 1]

51
SAUDIS FINANCE SIX PROJECTS—Zambia has been assured of K76 million assistance

from the Saudi Fund for Development for six projects including the construction

of the Solwezi-Ikelenge road. The assurance was given by Saudi Arabian attache

Mr Saeed Faraown who said in Lusaka yesterday that there was no limit to his

country's assistance to Zambia. "Zambia is one of our best friends in the Third

World and once these funds are exhausted, the Government can request funds for

new projects or shift the present allocations to priority projects after feasibility studies are conducted." Apart from about K19 million for the SolweziIkelenge road, the fund has given about K4.8 million to help the National Agricultural Marketing Board (Namboard) with construction of grain storage sheds.

The total cost of the K9.4 million project which aims at increasing present

storage by 50,000 tonnes would be met jointly with the Zambian Government. On

the proposed investment of more than K25 million in mining and agriculture by

Prince Mansour Bin Mishaal Abdul-Aziz who was in Zambia last year at the invitation of President Kaunda, Mr Faraown said a team of officials from Zambia including Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines (ZCCM) chairman Mr Francis Kaunda was

in Saudi Arabia early this month for talks on the project. [Excerpt] [Lusaka

TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 23 Mar 83 p 2]

FEBRUARY FINANCIAL REPORT—Zambia has paid in full all external loans and interest on borrowings which were guaranteed by the Government, says a financial

report for February 1983 released by the Bank of Zambia in Lusaka yesterday.

The report prepared by Samuel Montague and Company, who are financial advisers

to the Government, says foreign debt guaranteed by the Government at the end

of 1980 amounted to K539.3 million and K584.9 million at the end of 1981. It

says debt service on Government guaranteed debts which was K10.8 million at the

end of last year is this year expected to be K36 million while external payments arrears on debts not guaranteed by the Government stood at K581 million

as at March 1982. But foreign liabilities of Zambian commercial banks which

stood at K46 million in June 1981 increased by more than 100 per cent to K100.8

million at December last year. The publication says: "Total debt service on

Government and Government-guaranteed foreign debt including International Monetary Fund repurchases is expected to amount to K326.7 million in 1983, representing about 19 per cent of projected export earnings." The report notes that

Zambia last year had a favourable balance of trade of K63.3 million when she

exported goods worth K970.6 million compared to imports of K907.3 million.

Despite the surplus in the balance of trade for the year, the publication says

Zambia's exports dropped from K1.04 billion in 1980 to K970 million last year.

[Text] [Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 23 Mar 83 p 2]

BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURAL CONSIGNMENT—The K2.5 million agricultural consignment

ordered by AFE last year from Brazil has arrived in the country. Confirming

this in Lusaka yesterday AFE general manager, Mr Phillimon Kapesebele said the

equipment arrived from the East London port in South Africa last week by rail.

The implements ordered include cane-crushing machines, maize shellers, tractors

mounted sprays, disc harrows, irrigation pumps and cultivators. Mr Kapesebele

said this was the first time that Brazilian agricultural machine was being put

on the Zambian market and predicted that the implements currently being priced

should be snapped up by farmers. The demand for them was "extremely high and

very encouraging." Some of the farmers who have seen the Brazilian implements

were highly impressed. I am satisfied that the equipment will be welcome by

52
Zambian farmers and we look forward to repeating the order," Mr Kapesebele said.

[Text] [Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 24 Mar 83 p 5]

TAZARA ASKS FOR TAX EXEMPTION—Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (Tazara) will

not pay the thousands of Kwacha it owes district councils in various charges

because the company has applied for exemption from taxation to the Government.

Announcing this in Parliament yesterday, Power, Transport and Communications

Minister General Kingsley Chinkuli said the massive debts included K300,000

owed to Kabwe Rural district council. He was answering Mrs Alice Lloyd (Kabwe)

who wanted to know when the company would pay the K300,000. Gen Chinkuli said

the payment of the debt had not yet been effected because in accordance with

the provisions of the Tanzania-Zambia Railways Act (1975), the company had asked

for exemption from taxation and the reply was still being awaited. He added

that it was not only the Kabwe Rural district council which Tazara owed money

but that there were others like Mpika and Kapiri Mposhi district councils.

Under the Act, Gen Chinkuli said, Tazara was eligible to exemption from a wide

range of taxation like sales tax, customs duties, registration or licences fees

on business carried out, workers' housing levy, development levy, stamp duty,

rent and other charges on land owned. "In order to facilitate the exemption

procedure, the council of ministers resolved that Tazara should apply for any

exemption to the ministries of Finance of the two governments for effecting

the exemption in line with the respective national laws." [Excerpt] [Lusaka

TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 24 Mar 83 p 1]

CSO: 3400/1092

53
ZIMBABWE

ZAPU'S SURVIVAL SEEN AT STAKE

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 16 Mar 83 p 7

[Text]

ZIMBABWE: CAN ZAPU SURVIVE? Two years ago the hope

of Zimbabwe's government was that Joshua Nkomo's ZAPU,

the junior partner in coalition with Robert Mugabe's ruling

ZANU, would gradually be absorbed into ZANU. There have

been similar processes elsewhere in Africa: Kenya, for instance,

where KADU (with Daniel ArapMoi then among its leaders) was

knitted into Jomo Kenyatta's KANU. ' Even last February 1982, when the public revelation of arms

cached on ZAPU farms provoked Nkomo's dismissal and the

break-up of the coalition, Mugabe was careful not to blame the

whole of ZAPU, still less the Ndebele/Kalanga as a group, though

they overwhelmingly support Nkomo. Mugabe,made a point of

keeping a number of ZAPU members in his cabinet. It still

contains several ZAPU figures: Cephas Msipa as minister for

water resources: Callistus Ndhlovu for construction; Daniel

Ngwenya for roads and road traffic. John Nkomo (no relation)

remains minister of state in the deputy prime minister's office,

and indeed accompanied Mugabe to Delhi for the recent NonAligned Conference. Jane Ngwenya, once close to Nkomo,

remains a deputy minister.

But there is no doubt that there has been a major change in

government policy; ZAPU as an organisation is under attack -

especially at the levels where it matters, .should it ally itself with

the former ZAPU guerrillas conducting a war of dissidence in the

western provinces. At the most important level, in this context,

are the organisers* of the mainly rural branches spread throughout

Western Zimbabwe. Many of the thousand-plus arrests carried

out in the last two months have put ZAPU village leaders behind

bars. That is probably why ZANU hardliners such as Enos Nkala,

minister of supply, have called for ZAPU's "liquidation". He

happens to:be the only Ndebeie in ZANU-in a; high position,

apart from the Rev.Canaan Banana, who has the honorific

presidency.; ? ... :

The very top-of ZAPU has been neutralised in subtler ways,

although four out of 20 MPs are now in detention or, exile: apart

from J^komo, Akim Ndhlovu, who had intelligence connections,

is in exile; Vote Moyo and Sydney Malunga, both very important

as grass-root party organisers, have been put into detention. The

top military/intelligence figures Dumiso Dabengwa, Lt. Gen.

Lookout Mafela Masuku and Dr Isaac Nyathi, along with several

others, are now Ijeing tried in connection with the arms caches,

though it appears the government may have difficulty in proving

they were actually plotting to overthrow the state. Some of the

most capable ZAPU figures have been drawn out of formal

politics and will be wise to stay away: Willie Musarurwa, now

editor.of the Sunday Mail; Ariston Chambati, formerly ambassador to Bonn, now head of the massive TÄ Holdings,. the

tobacco auctioneering company; George Kahari, professor at the

university. Other party organisers have joined the diplomatic

service: Suman Mehta, reported to be the new high commissioner

to Canada: Arthur Chadzingwa former ZAPU London representative, now also a senior diplomat. ," ...

.Of those ZAPU members who have stayed in government,

most have themselves been neutralised because they are considered

by the rank and file to be compromised. At one point the

government hoped, that the able Callistus Ndhlovu would emerge

as a new ZAPU leader capable of bringing the party into a sort

of one-party consensus, leaving the less amenable Nkomo in

elderly isolation..That plan backfired, with Ndhlovu losing popularity among.his own Ndebeie electors. Msipa is said to be. a

bitterly disappointed man: respected, perhaps, but alienated from

the ZAPU rank and file, yet booed by ZANU members when he

tries to speak in Parliament. The man who might have helped

reconcile the parties, Nkomo's close aide George Silundika, died

over a year ago.,.,..,, .- • }

All that is left.at the top s of ZAPU, inside Zimbabwe and

free, is the vice-president, Josiah Chinamano, along with Joseph

Mskika, who is the secretary-general, Sam Munodawafa, the

chairman (who is seriously ill), Clement Muchachi and Daniel

Madzimbamuto. All five are respected veteran campaigners, but

with one huge disadvantage in the context of placating or controlling the ZAPU lower ranks: they are all Shona. The government is

hoping that the acting president, Chinamano, will adopt a moderate stance, whatever atrocities the government's troops may have

committed in Matabeleland. But ZAPU under Chinamano's leadership is unlikely, to keep its, hold over the resentful Ndebeie/

kalanga for long. It is clear, in any case, that the caretaker ZAPU

leadership is very frightened. Mr Nkomo reckons that of the

120-strong central committee, nine have already been killed in the

last few months. Many others are said to have been arrested. The

formal ZAPU structure has been emasculated.

The question, then, is whether the dissident Zapu guerrillas,

whose numbers have been variously estimated at between 1,500

and 5,000, will be able to create their own underground structure,

with the help of sympathetic former ZAPU branch and village

organisers who escape the government's net. No proof has yet

emerged, bur it would not be at all surprising if the South

Africans were to lend their assistance, in order to keep another

! black neighbour on the boil» :_J

CSO: 3400/1088 END

^