although the ministry is quite ignorant of the qualifications required. Nor
is inefficiency a reason for dismissal. “I've had it," says the industrialist
and plans to leave for South Africa.

On the old communist model, upon independence in 1975, Mozambique was poised
for the great leap from zero to Marxism. A senseless wave of nationalization
encompassed land, industry and Portuguese apartment buildings. Giant. state
farms and state corporations were subordinated to the dictate of the centrally
controlled planned economy. The state assumed tasks for which it had neither
the organizational nor financial preparation nor, even more importantly, the
trained . personnel required. The majority of state resources flowed into the
mechanization of the large collectivized farm combines and drained away there
without stimulating the desired rise in yields. The stock of modern equipment
was ruined and rusted away. At the same time, the small family farms were
completely -neglected, though they accounted for 80 percent of the population
and 90 percent of farm output. By the imposition of low prices, they were
short-sightedly compelled to subsidize the urban population. The result was
anger among the farmers, a flight from the land and the prompt cessation of
all production over and above the family's own needs.

This self-destructive process benefited the fanatically anti-communist RNM
guerrillas. It.. was further promoted by the reappearance of - old-Portuguese

_ colonialist sins, this time with a Marxist accent. They include the excess

centralization of power in Maputo, the disregard for regional ‘differences, the
failure’ to respect provincial self-administration and tribal intérests. The
Machel regime-is rooted entirely in the south. The population of the north is
represented , among the leaders by only one Politburo member from the ~ Makonde

_ tribe. That makes for dissatisfaction and bad blood, especially aniong the 4

million Makuas, the largest tribe as well as among the almost equally : ‘strong
Muslims settled at Mozambique's north coast.

Anorther original sin is the compulsory resettlement (already practiced by the
Portuguese and extremely unpopular) in “armed villages" or "“conmunal villages"
of farmers used to living on widely spaced holdings and to being left alone.
_These villages.‘were established in regions which are more easily -supervised
and. strategically favorable but often quite unsuitable for ~ farming. * the |
collective settlements represent one of the main targets for ‘RNM attacks, ‘80
that the farmers feel less secure and more threatened than ever. pees

The -e@lement ¢ compulsion and state violence corroded that " FRELINO regime

_ which was carried to power by enthusiasm for independence 10 years.ago.’ Upon

, the. irreconcilable clash between Marxist-communist doctrine and: Mozambique
‘reality; the.temptation to first of all hold responsible bandits, saboteurs,
black. marketeers and other “enemies of the people" turned ‘out to be
irresistible. vhere also. Arbitrary arrests were made, . people “imprisoned -
without trial, public floggings administered and summary exécutions® varried
out. * .

. Last year, the infamous “operation output" began, directed against so-called

"marginal and. unproductive elements." Often resulting «from * malicious
denunciations--an anonymous telephone call was enough--, tens of#-thousands

54



NEW ELECTORAL DISTRICTS, CONSTITUENCIES FOR ZANZIBAR, PEMBA

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 11 Apr 85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

THE . Isles will have ‘50
electoral constituencies for the

Union Parliament, 29 of which .

will be in Zanzibar and 21 in
Pemba, it was announced in Dar
es Salaam yesterday. Formerly,
these were only 10.

A statement by Maelezo said
the decision to. to us effect was
made tl lecto:
commaizsions of {Zannbar and the

“Union government ts yestarday at

a meeting held at karimjee,
bee in the city.

e consultative meeting was
chutes’ © Speaker. of the the
National

Say Micwayva of is aie othe
Selman of the Union Electoral
Zanzioar-

Commission... The

Electoral Commission team

led by Ndugu Idris "Abdul Wakil,
who is the S| paker of the
Zanzibar of

Representatives.

Maelezo said a report
Director of .Elections,’ Nauge
Elias Kazimoto, who_ is ‘he
Secretary of the Union Electoral
Commission, said’ the

“Union

were 1B al .
uirements

constitutional
regarding allocation of electoral
electoral

constituencies.

The Union
Commission announced _:the
création of 118 electoral
constituences on the Mainland
instead of 101 and work. of
demarcating boundaries -was
underwat erating je statement said.

the ‘new

allocatons.” Zanzibar ‘Urban
District will ~=have = 13

3400/065

118

, consituencies comprising
-Mkunazini, Malindi, Kikwajunt,
“Mlandege, Rahaleo, M:

« Kwahani ”'Mikunguni,

K _Magomeni,

Amaani, wamtipura an
“Mwembe makumbi.

The Zanzibar West District

will have three . constituencies

‘which are Mfenesini, Mwera and
‘Dimani. North District ‘A’ will

“have five constituencies

mprising Mkwajuni,

Sfunbatu.: Matemwe, Nungwi
cand Chaani, while those for the
"North District ‘B’. will consist of
Bumbwiii, Kitope and Donge.

The Central District on the
other hand - will “have | three
constituencies. comprising
- Chwaka, Koani and Uzini.

In South District, the
constituencies will be Muyuni

and Makunduchi.

In Pemba Island, .consti-
fuencies in fkanyen District will

. consist of nya mi Mkoani,
-Mtambile, oa wan Cha-
-mbani ‘while C ‘Chake-Chake

* District . constituencies. will
consist of Chonga, Ziwani,
‘Rilindi, Yitongo) fiand Wawi.

The Wete District consti-

-tuencies will ‘be Ole Kojani,
Mtambwe, Utaani, Pandani and
Gando and in Micheweni.
District areas will be Wingwi,
»Micheweni, Konde, Tumbe.and
Mgogoni.

The _ majority - withe*

~*"donstitiiéficies haveTM poputsap jons
an

.of between 10,000
Maelezo stated.

14,000,

JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

TANZANIA’



‘Three hundred Ghanians who are affected by the quit order are expected in Tema
today on the M. V. Bonsu.

Nigerian Criticized Over Expulsions
AB261917 Accra Domestic Service in English 1300 GMT 26 Apr 85

[From the press review]

[Text] The FREE PRESS writes on the expulsion of aliens from Nigeria. The
paper says many of the qualified Ghanaians, who are affected by Nigeria's
quite order, are returning without the full benefits of their. services since
austerity measures in Nigeria left them for months without salary. It says
although 300,000 Ghanaians are returning now, thousands of Ghanaians still
remain in Nigeria. One thing that is clear is that sooner or later, the fate
that has affected their brothers will affect them. The FREE PRESS says the
question to be asked ‘id: For how long and how many times will the Nigerian
Government resort to this ‘quit order?. “It says the PNDC has. always shown a
big heart and hand in receiving quietly the returnees but we expect the PNDC
to protest to the Nigerian Government about the rampant nature of its orders
and the apparent arbitrariness. The government ought to remind the Nigerian
authorities that we are also capable of retaliating but have only allowed

our deep commitment to the ECOWAS spirit to restrain us, That other West
African countries have not announced quit orders does not mean that they do
not have aliens within their borders. Grandiloquent pontifications about
African unity must certainly reflect in policies that affect African citizens.
The FREE PRESS says if West African countries really want to make ECOWAS work,
they must well take a cue from the example of the European Economic Community
where there is free movement of citizens in the true sense of the word.
African countries will also do well to draw a lesson from the (?June 1963)
aliens act which excluded any African from consideratéon as an alien once

he steps in Ghana.

cso: 3400/069

20



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
“gources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[]’are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the

last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-

- mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been’ supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an -
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source. .

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from ‘the National Technical
‘Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
‘ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title; date and

‘author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced. in Government Reports cee

"Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical ©

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“U.S. Government Publications ‘issued by the Superintendent of
“Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

* 20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement :
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service, thn oe
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

FINANCE MINISTER WARNS ON DISINVESTMENT--The Swazi minister of finance,

Mr Barnabus Dlamini, says the South Afrtean economy is so closely inter-
woven with the economies of Swaziland and other South African countries,
that disinvestment and the unemployment which would follow could also

lead to unrest in these countries with unpredictable consequences. Mr
Dlamini said the disinvestment would hit the lower income group in Southern
Africa the hardest. [Text] [Johannesburg International Service in English
0630 GMT 23 Apr 85 MB]

cso: 3400/82

114



COMMITTEE CALLS FOR TRIPARTITE TALKS ON KOREAN UNIFICATION

Victoria WEEKEND NATION in English 13 Apr 85 p 2

[Text]

cso: © 3400/086

THE Seychelles Solidarity
Committee for the Reunifica-
tion’ of ‘Korea’ has once again
called for talks between Pyong-
yan, Washington and Seoul to
reunify the divided Korean
peninsula and establish lasting
peace there.

Speaking’ after a meeting
with the visiting cultural dele-
gation from the Democratic
People’s Republic of Korea at
the ‘reunification bureau at
Mont Fleuri yesterday, the so-

” fidarity committee chairman,

Mr Guy Sinon, said that the
tripartite talks proposed by the
DPRK last year should be held
as soon as possible.

The leader of the DPRK de-

legation, Mr Kim du tf

- Deputy-Director of the ‘De-

partment of the Korean Com-
mittee for Cultural Relations
with Foreign Countries, expre-

ssed satisfaction at the way
friendly relations and coopera-
tion were developing between
the Korean and Seychellois
peoples. \
Mr Kim thanked the Sey-
chelles solidarity committee for
its continuing support for the
reunification cause.

At the end of the meeting.
the committee presented the
DPRK delegation with a mes-
sage of solidarity to the Korean
people addressed to President
Kim I] Sung. The Koreans, for
their part, presented Mr Sinon
with a cheque tobe used for
committee activities.

The DPRK cultural delega-
tion held a highly successful ex-
hibition of handicrafts and
photographs in the Carnegie
Exhibition Hall in Victoria
over the past week.

63

JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

SEYCHELLES



OPRS~SSA-85~-042
17 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT ACTION IN FACE OF UNREST DISCUSSED
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 2 Apr 85 p 10

[Interview with Professor George Barrie, professor of public law at the Rand
Afrikaans University, by Otto Krause: "Steps Are Necessary Against Those Who
Do Not Want to Conform"; date and place not given]

[Text] Last Friday, the minister of law and order, Mr Louis le Grange, inten-
sified the ban on meetings of 29 organizations in the Eastern Cape Province.

In addition to outdoor gatherings, inside gatherings are also now prohibited.
Among the organizations whose meetings are prohibited are UDF [United Democrat-
ic Front] and AZASO [Azanian Students Organization].

Otto Krause discussed these and other aspects of the present situation of un-
rest with Professor George Barrie, professor of public law at the RAU [Rand
Afrikaans University].

[Question] The PFP [Progressive Federal Party] contends that the ban on meet-
ings cripples political debate and strengthens the hand of perpetrators of
violence. Do you agree?

[Answer] It is difficult for me to understand how any meaningful political
debate can take place in an atmosphere of disorder and violent conduct. Such
disorder must first be pacified.

It goes without saying that political debate, especially in a country like South
Africa, can only be engaged in productively if it does not happen that one
party--in this case blacks--puts unnecessary pressure on the other party--the
government-~and the deduction can be made that the one party is reacting under

pressure.

The state president stated clearly as early as 25 January that from now on an
open discussion will be pursued on a wide-ranging area of constitutional ques-~
tions in order to improve comunications between the government and urban

black communities.

The goal of this new "open discussion" is in fact to create a more favorable
basis for negotiations aimed at mutually acceptable political solutions.

74



JPRS-SSA-85-042

17 May 1985

ANGOLA

LACK OF RAW MATERIALS HAMPERS TEXTILE PRODUCTION
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 1 Mar 85 p 3

[Text] The shortage of raw materials and the inadequate supply of food items
are among the main factors hampering production at the Commandante Nelito
Soares Textile Complex, the ANGOLAN PRESS AGENCY learned from an authoritative

source.

Designed for the manufacture of textiles, tablecloths, canvas shoes, and
swimming fins, rubber balls, hoses and other rubber products, the complex
is going to produce only the first three products due to technical problems
in the manufacturing sector.

Eduardo Costa explained that some machines have been standing in the yard

of the complex for more than 6 months waiting to be taken to the HED Company
(Viana) which, according to the new technical development plan in the textile
sector, will take charge of manufacturing the rubber products which the
complex formerly produced.

According to Eduardo Costa, director of the complex--a strategic and priority
company--the new plan hinders the production process because it is a slow
process and will cause many workers to be dismissed inasmuch as the machines
they worked on will be removed from service.

With regard to the raw material--cotton and rubber--both of them imported,
there has been a substantial reduction of the requirements for the normal
operation of the factory.

For the first 6 months of the year, the complex will suffer a 50 percent
reduction in the supply of cotton.

Eduardo Costa said also that notwithstanding the fact that the complex

was idle for 6 months last year, the production of textiles was 107 percent,
corresponding to about 1.5 million linear meters, while the production

of shoes was 77 percent, corresponding to 100,000 pairs.

For this year, the complex expects to product 250,000 pairs of canvas shoes
and achieve 100 percent production of textiles.

10



LACK OF ACCOUNTABILITY STRESSED AS COUNTRY'S BIGGEST WOE

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 8 Apr 85 p 4

{Article by John Kimwaga]

[Text]

THE Prime Minister Ndugu
Salim Ahmed Salim, during his
recent visit to Mbeya Region,
stressed that the government’s
efforts to improve the living
standards of the people —
especially the provision of the
three basic nécessities of shelter,
food ‘and clothing — is only
possible if all of us, each at his
workplace, fulfil our duties pro-
perly.

But the-achievement of this
fundamental and necessary pre-
requisite for development —
which showed some signs of
_ success during the early days of
independence — has since been
eluding us.

Indeed, the state of the
country now is such that almost
nothing seems to be working and

the nation is virtually at a
stand-still.

‘ Many reasons have repeated-
ly been advanced. not only to
justify the situation but also to

” register the view that there is no
hope for improvement.

The ready and standard
scapegoat have been the drought
the war with Idi Amin, sky-
rocketing fuel import bills and
low prices offered for our
primary commodity exports.

While these have a sub-
stantial share in the setback,
they are certainly not the full
story — and even if they were,
long as they have taken — there

123

must at least have been by now,
tangible signs of circumventing
them. These are not very evident.

The fact is, the reasons
which constitute the bigger fact-
or for-our development stale-
mate home grown and within
our means to control, but are
simply being glossed over.

Our national leaders have
repeatedly warned us -against
them, but these warnings have
seldom been heeded. and then
only half-heartedly.

It was Prime Minister Salim
again who said, during an annual
meeting of Mainland Regional
Commissioners at -Chamwino
early this year that the major
problem facing the nation today
was the implementation ‘of
various Party and Government
policies,

Many resolutions, he said,
were not implemented because
of low accountability on the part
of leaders.

Indeed, the main impediment
to the smooth development of
the country is not external
factors nor internal capitalists,
but an uncommitted leadership.

And worse, an uncommittéd
leadership results also into lack
of commitment on the part of
the led — the workers and
peasants.

The tragedy is that the cancer
which is noncommitment, has
ruptured the thin membrane of

JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

TANZANIA



TANNERIES PLAN EXPORT INCREASE

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 9 Apr 85 p 3

[Text]

CSO:

MOROGORO Tanneries, a sub-
sidiary of the Tanzania Leather
Associated Industries (TLAI) has
embarked on an ambitious export
drive of its products, a senior
company spokesman said yester-
day.

He said’ the — company
management had earnmarked to
export 64 per cent of all leather to
be processed this year and bring
in an estimated revenue of 30m/-
in foreign exchange.

Prompted by a substantial sur-
plus realised from overall sales
for the past three years, the move
would securely reverse the loss
making trend which had charac-
terised the firm's performance

between 1979 and 1981. the of-
» ficial said,

Only last year Morogoro Tan-
neries registered its highest
revenue of 10,112,000/- in
foreign exchange since it ven-
tured on the export market in
1980, * .

Its local sales last year topped
52,039,000/- though — actual

3400/064

129

production was 3,272,000 square
feet of leather, equivalent to 32
per cent of the plant's installed
capacity.

The tanneries . turned out
3,100,000 squre feet in 1979. The
factory has an installed capacity
to process 10 million square feet
of leather annually.

The spokesman further said the
factory workers and management
have resolved to attain 52 per
cent of the installed capacity this
yeat ‘which would be equivalent
to 5,200,000 square feet of
processed leather.

To facilitate procurement of
hides and skins, Morogoro Tan-
neries is currently exploring the
possibility of getting its supplies
directly from livestock keepers in-
stead of the Tanzania Hides and
Skins (THS) Limited. -

“The firm's business, however,
has been continuously hit by the
poor quality of hides and ‘skins
which were predominantly of
second and third grades, the
spokesman added,

JPRS-SSA-B5~042
17 May 1985

TANZANIA



JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

LONG-TERM BENEFITS OF NEW BUDGET DESCRIBED
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 20 Mar 85 p 16

[Article by Dawie: "Hardship Is First in Store for Us--But Better Days Are
Ahead" ]

[Text] So, we are feeling the pinch and will clearly have
to experience a longer period of hardship--but what are
the prospects for improvement in the future?

This is the question being raised by many people after the budget presented
the day before yesterday, which is viewed on all sides as austere but necessary,
and above all as one of the most important steps in the South African economy.

There are indeed answers to this question. in Minister. Barend du Plessis' first
budget address--a critical test for which the new minister of finance is
receiving praise even from unfriendly corners--but these answers have not been
analyzed carefully enough in all places.

Teamwork

Specifically, in his budget--which shows signs of having employed teamwork
better than has scarcely ever before been the case--the minister has expounded
on a long-term strategy that has never previously been spelled out in so much
detail.

The short-term measures that were implemented, primarily to combat the infla-
tion that could get out.of hand, must be judged against the background of
these long-term plans in order to understand more clearly where South Africa
is headed.

The most paramount short-term measure, which unfortunately again affects the
ordinary person's pocketbook, is.the increase in the general sales tax to 12
percent (after it.was feared that it.might be 15 percent). Then there is the
surcharge on income tax as well.

These are the primary sources of income through which the state. must finance
its increased expenditures (an increase lower than the rate of inflation).



meantime, Ferrominas could improve it by supplying technical information,
training middle-level cadres, implementing new techniques and, above all, de-
fining research lines.

For this purpose, a Ferrominas mission headed by the president of the firm,
spent a week in our country at the invitation of the Ministry of Natural Re-
sources and Industry, and returned to Lisbon on Monday.

11634
CSO: 3442/207

27



JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

VARIOUS INCIDENTS OF UNREST REPORTED
MB281134 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1124 GMT 28 Apr 85

[Text] Pretoria, 28 Apr (SAPA)--Unrest continued in various parts of the
country yesterday and this morning.

A spokesman for the police directorate of public relations said today that
at Kwazakele near Port Elizabeth yesterday, about 500 blacks gathered out-
side the mayor's home. A police guard fired a shotgun and the crowd ran off,
but re-grouped. Police arrived and were stoned by the mob. The police used
tearsmoke and fired shotgun rounds to disperse them, No injuries were re-
ported.

"In another incident, four blacks stoned a private home. The occupier chased
them as they were running away. One of the stone-throwers shot at the man,
hitting him in the hand.

"Police arrived and gave chase. They were stoned and fired one shot at the
stone-throwers. A 16-year-old boy was fatally wounded," the spokesman said.

In two other incidents, a private car was destroyed by fire after a petrol
bomb had been hurled at it. Police fired with shotguns at would-be arsonists
after a petrol bomb was thrown at their vehicle. There were no injuries,

In the Tantjie township in Grahamstown, there were sporadic inéidents of
stone-throwing, and in some instances petrol bombs were throw at police
vehicles, A policeman was slightly injured.

In all these incidents, police used tearsmoke. On one occasion, police used
sjamboks and on another, fired rubber bullets. There were no injuries.

In the coloured township of Blikkiesdorp near Uitenhage, blacks set a school
on fire which was extinguished by the fire brigade.

"At Adelaide, there was one incident where stones were thrown at a policemen's
house, and in two other incidents arsonists hurled petrol bombs at the home of
two policemen. On two occasions, police fired at the attackers. No injuries
were reported."

98



JPRS-SSA-85-042

17 May 1985

PARLIAMENT SANCTIONS PAST PRACTICES, DELAYS NEW BUSINESS

Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW in English 19 Apr 85 pp 10-11

[Text]

CSO:

PARLIAMENT in Kenya is supposed to
be the supreme law making body in the
country. In the past three weeks,
however,the national assembly seems to,
have acted as a mere rubber stamp for
validating measures which had already
been taken by the executive arm of the
government. At least three bills ‘seeking
such retroactive validation have already
been before the house; one has been
passed, one is under discussion while the
third has just undergone the first reading.
The County Council of Wajir and
Municipal Council of Bungoma (1984
annual meetings) (validation) bill, which
was passed by the house last week, sought
to validate the meetings of the two
authorities which had been held outside
the specified periods. Moving the bill, the
minister for local government, Mr. Moses
Mudavadi, said the Wajir Council
meeting could not be held within the time
required by the law following the:
imprisonment of the council’s former
chairman. The Bungoma Council meeting
was held on time, but proper procedures
were not followed, requiring the minister
to order for a fresh meeting outside the
specified time. The MPs seemed satisfied
with the explanation given by the
minister and took the opportunity to
discuss problems of local authorities in
general, rather than apportioning blame
on any party on the matter. That was not
so in the case of the National Cereals and
Produce Board bill currently under dis-
cussion before the house. The bill seeks to
validate the establishment of the board
which has been controlling the marketing
and processing of maize and wheat and
several other agricultural products since
1979. The NCPB was established as an
amalgamation of the former Maize and

3400/087

Produce Board and the former Wheat
Board, neither of which were established
by an act of parliament. Supporters of the
bill, including the ministry of agriculture
and livestock development, claim that the
new board will enhance food production
in the country through proper regulation
of marketing and distribution of essential
food crops: Opponents of the bill, led by
the MP for Wundanyi, Mr. Mashengu wa
Mwachofi, however, argue that parlia-
ment is merely being asked to approve
what has been there illegally for the past
five years. The critics say the bill will give

KENYA

legal monopoly to the board, killing far- ~

mers’ initiative and breaching the coun-
try’s much cherished policy of free enter-
prise. More to the point, the critics note
that the board, while it has been in
existence illegally for the past, has been
unable to change the food situation which
has continued to deteriorate since 1980.
As a result, they feel there is no sound
ground for requesting parliament to
retroactively approve the boards
establishment.

The University of Nairobi
(amendment) bill, which has already gone
through its first reading in the house,
seeks to regularise the splitting of the
University of Nairobi into six different
colleges with separate principals, and the
creation of two deputy vice-chancellor
positions. This action was taken by the
government in November 1983 and the
holders of the various posts appointed.
The introduction of the amendment to
the university act would now suggest that
the government put the cart before the
horse and now wishes to straighten out
the situation. (See separate story on
university). Bs

34


NEW DEAL 'NULL AND VOLD' SAYS INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 21 Apr 85 p 6

[Article by John d'Oliveira]

[Text]

LONDON — Western govern-
ments have made it clear that
they can live with the proposed
new administrative arrange-
iments in Namibia.

However, they have made no

‘bones about the fact that the-

new deal would have no status.
under the United Nations set-
tlement plan for Namibia and,
that any constitution prepared
by the proposed Constitutional
Council would be irrelevant.

Fearing the Multi-Party
Conference’s plans for a transi-
tional government in Namibia
would mean a step towards a
unilateral declaration of inde-
pendence for the territory,
members of the Western Con-
tact Group on Namibia all ex-
préssed their concern to the
South African Government on
Monday. .

They stressed that the only
agreed basis for international-
ly recognised independence for
Namibia was Resolution 435
and that any other constitution-
al arrangement would be null
and void.

The Western governments
were particularly sensitive to
the position of the Administra-
tor-General, who would have a
key role to play if and when the
UN plan for Namibian indepen-
dence were implemented.

There was a collective sigh
of relief when President Botha
announced that the A-G would
remain and that all legislation

59

passed by the Namibiaii legis-
tature would have to receive
his assent before becoming.
jaw.

In a weekend statement a‘
Foreign Office spokesman said
the South African Government
had emphasised that it would
continue to negotiate with the
UN and tlie international com-
munity on achieving interna-
tionally recognised indepen-
dence for South West Africa.

In effect, the British Govern-
ment was saying that it did
not like the new deal in Nami-
bia, but that the independence
show (such as it was) remained
on the road. -

In Washington Assistant Sec-
retary of State Chester Crocker
told reporters the move would
have.no impact on US efforts to
win independence for Namibia
coupled with withdrawal of

isome 25 000 Cuban troops from
Angola.

The interim government
would gain no international
recognition, Crocker said.

But he added that South Afri-
ca had reiterated its commit-
ment to a negotiated settle-
ment of the Namibia dispute
under UN Security Council
Resolution 435 provided it was
linked to withdrawal of the
Cubans. :

He said there was no reason
to believe negotiations on Na-
mibia would be affected by the

JPRS~SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

NAMIBIA



NAKURU KANU BRANCH CALLS FOR UNOPPOSED ELECTION OF MOI, KIBAKI

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 16 Apr 85 p 5

[Text]

cso:

‘The Nakuru Kanu branch

resolved on Sunday that: Presi-

dent Moi and Vice-President

Mwai Kibaki be returned. unop-

as President and Vice-

ident of the party in the
forthcoming elections.

‘The resolution was read,by the
Nakuru. Deputy Mayor, Coun-
cillor Raphael Korir, who is also
the. acting. Nakuru Town Kanu
chairman, during a. Kanu rally
held at Kamkunji grounds in
Nakuru.

During the meeting, Nakuru
District MPs and local Kanu
officials reaffirmed their con-
fidence in their--chairman, Mr
Kariuki Chotara, and assured
him he would not be opposed.

“You could even. a holiday
to. Mombasa during the elections,
and you will find your seat safe,”
the “Naivasha divisional chair-
man, Mr Ng’ang’a Kihonge said.

The meeting was also
addressed by the Minister “for
Energy and Regional Develop-

- ment, Mr Nicholas Biwott, and

an Assistant Minister in the
Office of the President, Mr Isaac
Salatt. ‘The two Ministers are the
Rift Valley provincial represen-
tatives in the party’s National
Executive Committee.

Mr Biwott, who had to cut his
speech short because of heavy
downpour, said political group-
ings would not be condoned in the
country as there was only one’

party and one President.

3400/077

30

All leaders must be loyal to the
President and direct their efforts.
to actions aimed at safeguarding
democracy.

“And our politics must be con-
sistent with the district focus for
rural development programme,”
he said. vt

The: Minister commended the’

Nakuru branch for running its

affairs in “a mature manner”, ~

and assured the branch that if.
they suspended any member the
-action would be treated seriously
by the National Executive Com-
mittee.

He ‘also praised the branch for »

registering about 200,000
members.

Mr Chotara announced that
the branch intended to put up a
three-storeyed office in Nakuru,
and appealed for assistance from
every sub-branch. But the branch
would: not tolerate interference
from outside, he cautioned.

Earlier, the M.P. for Nakuru
East, Mr Fred. Kubai, suggested

that“Madaraka ‘Day bé renamed,

Kanu Day. He also suggested

that the party headquarters:

organise celebrations for the
party’s jubilee.

‘In his speech, Mr Salatt urged
Kenyans to fight against
tribalism, Many Africans had lost:
their lives as a result of tribal
clashes. He said they would tour
other districts on a meet-the-
people mission:

JPRS~SSA~85~-042
17 May 1985

KENYA


JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

NAMIBIA

BRIELS

MALT TO RSA TRADE REQUESTED--SWAPO President Sam Nujoma has said Namibia
might achieve independence this year, and called on all nations to halt
trading with South Africa immediately. We said the nonaligned meeting in New
Delhi earlier this month proved that SWAPO is not alone and the delegates
called for the isolation of South Africa as they demanded an urgent meeting
of the UN Security Council over Namibia. ['lext] [Lusaka Domestic Service

in English 1115 GMT 25 Apr 85 MB]

SWAPO OFFICIAL'S ANNIVERSARY COMMENI'S--(Moses Galuebe), SWAPO's administra-
tive secretary here in Luanda gave assurances that his organization would
intensify the armed struggle until Namibia was totally Liberated. At a press
conference marking SWAPO's founding, (Moses Galuebe) reviewed SWAPO's 25
years of struggle against the sanachronistic Pretoria regime, whose troops
are illegally occupying Namibia, At the press conference, SWAPO's adminis~
trative secretary condemned the planned interim government in Namibia. During
the press conference, (Moses Galuebe) expressed thanks for the support that
his organization has received from the frontline states, the OAU, the nonaligned
countries, the socialist countries, and the governmental.and nongovernmental
organizations of the Nordic countries. [Text] [Luanda Domestic Service in
Portuguese 1900 GM? 19 Apr 85 MB]

FRENCH SOCIALISTS PLEDGE SWAPO AID--The French Socialist Party is to supply
SWAPO with a donation of food, clothes, medicines, and two tankers for carrying
water. The party's first secretary, Lionel Jospin, in a solidarity message

to mark the 25th anniversary of SWAPO, said the material support is in response
to SWAPO President Sam Nujoma's request, The message, addressed to Mr Nujoma,
said the Socialist Party rejects any kind of linkage between the question of
Namibian independence and the withdrawal of Cuhan troops from Angola. It

said Namibian independence should neither be blocked by other preoccupations,
nor should the Namibian people be taken hostage for affairs in another country,
[Text] [Lusaka Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 22 Apr 85 MB]

UNIONS REJECT INTERIM RULE MOVE--The Organization of African Trade Union Unity
[OATUU] and the South African Congress of Trade Unions have condemned the
murders of innocent people and workers by the racist Pretoria regime. The
two unions rejected and condemned the fraudulent unilateral declaration of

of independence by the Pretoria regime on Namibia in defiance of UN Resolution
435, This is contained in a communique signed in Lusaka yesterday by the two
unions following the visit of the OATUU secretary general, (James Akomo), who
is currently in the country. [Lusaka Domestic Service in English 0700 GMT

21 Apr 85 MB] :

cso: 3400/81 62


About 200 blacks marched to, and gathered outside a councillor's house in
Lamontville, a bus driver was injured when a group of blacks stoned a=bus.

A black woman bus passenger was injurdd and buses were damaged in incidents
of stone-throwing in the Phahameng and Rocklands townships in Bloemfontein.

In the township at Graaff-Reinet, a vehicle was destroyed in a fire early
this morning, after a petrol bomb was hurled at it.

At Kwazakele this morning, police protecting the fire brigade which was
extinguishing a fire, noticed a black male with what looked like a firearm
in his hand.

"When they approached the man, he ran away," the spokesman said. “Police
gave chase, the man turned around, and took aim at a policeman, who fearing

for his life, fired a shotgun, fatally wounding the man,” "It was later
found that the man had brandished a toy pistol, the spokesman said.

cso: 3400/83

99



JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

TANZANIA

TERROR RESPONSE TO FUNDAMENTALISM FEARS

East Burnham ARABIA: THE ISLAMIC WORLD REVIEW in English Mar 85 pp 30-31

[Text]

There is a Swahili saying: Dawa ya

‘Moto no Moto, which means: “The
Medicine for fire is fire.” Like all common
sayings, however, this one is not
universally applicable. To answer terror
with terror, lawlessness with lawlessness is
not the best way to govern a country; but
that seems to be the only solution that the
Tanzanian authorities can offer. If only
they took some pains to search for the
basic cause of the country’s chronic ills!

Are the  Tanzanians inherently
incapable of behaving decently as other
human beings do? Are they congenitally
cattle rustlers, smugglers, economic
saboteurs, vagrants, rebellious, indolent,
corrupt in office, traitors and common
thieves? One certainly gets that
impression from the way the authorities
treat their citizeris. Detention without
trial, arbitrary arrests, deportation, mass
tustication, restriction of movement,
regimentation, concentration camps
under the guise of Ujamaa (socialist)
villages, brainwashing in the so-called
“Ideological Colleges”, continuous
expansion and erection of new prisons,
euphemistically called = “Vyuo —vya
Mafunzo” (Training Colleges) — all these
high-handed measures of authority have
had a perverse effect on the people. They
have failed to cow restive Tanzanians. The
one and sure remedy, that of the
leadership liquidating itself, has not yet
been tried.

Lately, the authorities —- government
and party — have patronised an avowedly
pagan gang of thugs called Sungusungu.
This rough and ready militia, a morbid
reminder of the Lebanese Christian
militia of Sabra and Chatila notoriety, has
received official recognition and praise. It
has consequently been supplied by the
government firearms to supplemicnt their
own spears, machetes and home-made

guns. Ostensibly, this militia was for the
suppression of cattle stealing, but in fact it
has been used as a strong arm of authority
to curb restive inhabitants and to strike
terror into their hearts.

The Sungusungu strike like lightning,
pouncing on unarmed and unwary villages
as they did one fateful night on Buzuruga,
a village near Mwanza on the shores of
Lake Victoria. They lined up the villagers,
stripped them to the waist and ordered
them to take part in pagan rites and
worshipping the sun. The Sungusungu
violated the sanctity of the mosque and
tore pages from the Holy Quran and other
Islamic books into shreds, branding them
as witchcraft (see accompanying article).

As Tanzania is a predominantly Muslim
country, and as the Muslims are the
country’s underdogs, and the farthest
removed in their way of life from
paganism, savagery and barbarism, they
have been the worst affected by the

. wanton brutality of Sungusungu.

A few scapegoats from among the
Sungusungu§ may receive nominal
punishment from the very authorities who
have created the organisation, patronised
and armed it with lethal weapons. That
would be classical. It would surprise and
deceive no one.

Remembering the recent history of
Zanzibar, when thousands were
butchered by similar hordes of thugs
before the formal annexation of the
country by Nyerere; the nightmarish rule
of the Comoro Isles by the ill-lamented
Aly Swaleh; the Biafran fiasco; the
invasion of Uganda to install Nycrere’s
crony, who has brought more deaths and
destruction than Idi Amin is alleged to
have done; and lastly, the anguished
situation in Southern Sudan, where
interference from Uganda and Tanzania
contributes little to the solution of the

121



MID-LEVEL CIVIL SERVANTS RESHUFFLED

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 13 Apr 85 p 20

[Article by Irungu Ndirangu]

[Text]

cso:

The Chief Secretary, Mr
Simeon Ny: announced a

reshuffle of mi jiddje-ranking
officers” it service

‘He slo announced, the
appointm: new assistant
secretaries. in various Govern-

me atatement from the Office of
the President, signed by Mr

-Nyachse; gave Ps
follows: Mr J.

from the Miietsy of ere to
the’ Office of the Attorney-

General initial as: under-
secretary; Mr J. K. Kioko from
Foreign Affairs to Tourism and
Wildlife. as_under-

E. K. Ngotho_from er
Development to Foreign Affairs
as ‘under-secretary; P. K.

Munga from Tourism and

Wildlife to Water Development
as _under-secretary; Mr P. J.
Waithaka from Provincial
Administration to the Public
socratarys 3 Mr Mi if Al from

ir Munsi

‘Transport and Communications
to Foreign Affairs as senior assis-

3400/078 -

40

to Health as senior: assistant
secretary; Mr G. M. G.’Mutheki

from Information:
asting to Foreign
it secretary.
new. assistant
are: Mr A. M. Musonye (Office of
the Vice-President and

of Home: Affairs); Mr. L..B.
Mi {Water Development);
Mr J. Ombasa (Co-operative

ds Mr. M. Kariuki

(Works, Housing

Planning); Mr M.-P. S, Wamuto
(Agrica ture and Livestock

Sten rane hy ai and
t ‘mation
Srind ecindy Mar AW: Soll

JPRS-SSA~85-042
17 May 1985

KENYA


that Ministers Pik Botha and Magnus Malan were sent to Maputo the day before
yesterday. For us there is much at stake.. The fact that in accordance witth
Nkomati the ANC had to get out of Mozambique definitely saved many lives in

the Republic.

Not reproaches, but rather a positive attitude, can preserve Nkomati. Whether
President Machel can demonstrate such an attitude will depend on whether he
can resist the pressure from Moscow and elsewhere.

12271
cs0: 3401/104

82



JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

ANGOLA

WORLD PRESS REACTION TO RSA PULLOUT CITED
MB231664 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1200 GMT 23 Apr 85

[Text] The international press continues to react cautiously and with suspicion
to the announcement made over a week ago by South African Foreign Minister Pik
Botha on the withdrawal last Saturday of all South African troops from the
areas they occupy in the Angolan province of Cunene. Following reaction from
a number of diplomatic circles and information organs which was announced by
the Angolan National Radio, we have before us the reaction’ of the British and
West German Press. Newspapers published in London and Bonn, such as THE DATLY
TELEGRAPH, THE GUARDIAN, THE TIMES, and FINANCIAL TIMES, as well [as] (?DER
SPIEGEL) and FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE, are unanimous in pointing out that the
Pretoria announcement ‘is no more than a smoke screen ‘to cover up the plan for
the declaration of the Namibian independence through the installation of a
so-called interim government without the participation of SWAPO. These
British and West German newspapers consider it fundamental for SWAPO to par-
ticipate in the leadership of Namibia through the strict application of the

UN Security Council. Resolution 435/78.

It is worth recalling that despite the announcement made in Pretoria over a
week ago on the withdrawal of the South African troops from Angola, as of
today there are still South African troops in Cunene Province on the pretext
of protecting the Ruacana Hydroelectric Center and the Calueque Dam.

cso: 3400/85



Cabinet Ministers Asked To Carry Out Duties
(THE WEEKLY REVIEW, 19 Apr 85).cecsececscececccccerecccoee

Kanu Party Membership Figures Released
(Kauli Mwembe; THE KENYA TIMES, 18 Apr 85)...sseeeseeceeore

Moi Stresses Equal Loyalty of All Groups
(DAILY NATION, 13 Apr 85). ccccececcsencscccccaccccccceses

Zaireans Lose Bid for Work Permits
(DAILY NATION, 18 Apr 85)..cecescceccccccccccccncccsceeees

Mid-Level Civil Servants Reshuffled
(Irungu Ndirangu; DAILY NATION, 13 Apr. 85)...sseeseeeecees

Expansion of Industrial Court Expected
(Kipserem Maritim; DAILY NATION, 13 Apr 85)....eeeeeeeeeee

President's Directive on Religious Education Hailed
(Job Githinji; THE KENYA TIMES, 16 Apr 85)...seceereeoeeee

M'Mbijjewe Loses Ministerial Position, Angaine Returns
(Enos Nyagah; THE KENYA TIMES, 18 Apr 85)..csseeceseceveee

Conditions for Student Readmission Listed
(Mitch Odero; THE KENYA TIMES, 16 Apr 85)..esseessseeceoee

Briefs
Liberation Bureau Still Open
Allocation of French Aid
Malnutrition Claims 20 Lives
LESOTHO
Briefs
Welkom Gold Mine Deaths
24 To Receive Tanzanian Schooling
MOZAMBIQUE

Dondo Military District Strengthens Defense Measures.
(Antonio Cesar; DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE,..10 Feb 85) see ereeeee

German Analyst Sees No Relief From Economic Desperation .
(Andreas Kohlschuetter; DIE ZEIT, 22 Mar 85)...seseeeeeeee

NAMIBIA

New Deal 'Null and Void' Says International Community
(John d'Oliveira; THE SUNDAY STAR, 21 Apr 85)....-+.+seeee

35

36

37

38

40

41

42

43

45

46
46
46

48

49

51

59



MOI STRESSES EQUAL LOYALTY OF ALL GROUPS

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 13 Apr 85 pp 1, 20

[Text]

cso:

. the area.

President Moi said yesterday that
any leader whose politics was
-based on tribal groupings was an
,enemy of national unity. .
He made it clear that no single

‘tribe was more loyal to him than

others.
He pointed out that all

wananchi in Kenya were equally
loyal to him and the Government,
adding that he also had full con-
fidence in'them.

The President f further said that
any leader claiming a particular

tribe was-more loyal to the Presi-
dent than others was.a blatant

liar.

President Moi was speaking’at
Eldama Ravine where he was
addressing a Kanu meeting “te
found in progress while touring

afternoon.

Said t!
of ‘destructive politics
bring down the: colonial Cane
ment has no place in modern,

independent Kenya”.

‘He told ‘leaders to engage in

_ responsible politics of develop-.

ment and action, adding: “If a
leader ‘builds a school, he can go
to a platform and talk about it.”
Mere talking. without tangible
achievements was useless, he

said.
The President cautioned
leaders against making alarmist

utterances about corruption, thus-

creating the wrong impression
that the country was rampant
with the evil.
“The majority of
honest’ and are performing

“+, well” he'pointed out, adding that

if there were a few corrupt ones,
the picture should not be blown

, out of proportion:

President Moi also. made -it
clear ‘that district commissioners

were his officers and any insult to

3400/079

37

them was tantamount to challen-
ing his authority. .

He said any “complaint about:
district commissioners or any
other public officers should be
communicated through the
proper‘channels and not in. public

- rallies and

newspapers.

He called on. all public officers
to render honest and dedicated
service so as to strengthen the
nation.

“If the ‘country collapses,
nobody would be spared” he said,
adding that all Kenyans had a
duty to render positive service so
as to sustain the nation.

On the 8-4-4 education tem,
President Moi said that religic
studies would be compulsory”

On Kanu registration, Presi-
dent Moi said-that April 30 was
the end of the exercise

President Moi reiterated the
crucial need to conserve the soil;
forest and water catchment areas.

Noting that four million
children had been born since h he
assumed the presidency, Presi
dent Moi told elders to in t the
campaign for the con:
water, forests and soil for othe

- benefits of the present and future

generations.

“Birds always built their nests
before laving their eggs”, he
‘igen’ pa cid. allow
intelligent le could allow
themselves to outwitted by
bards matters of forward plann-

iniite told chiefs and other public
officers to serve the people impar-
tially and rd any threats
by politicians wanted to
favoured. “I have my own sources
of _qithentic information,” he
said.

JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

KENYA



cso:

3400/086

“Somebody must do the job
and that somebody is us.”

Pointing out that members of
the militia also worked during
the day, he added. “It is really a
question of responsibility.”

Considering the vast benefits
the past eight years had
brought all Seychellois people
in education, health care, hous-
ing, the standard of living, so-
cial welfare and other fields,
what better way could a mili-
tant find to show his gratitude
and support than by giving up
some of his own time to defend
the revolution and to allow it to
develop further in peace and
security, the militia representa-
tives asked.

Because of what the Seychel-
les People’s Defence Forces,
including the militia, were do-
ing, today’s children would
continue getting free and better
education and. medical care to-
morrow, Seychellois families
could sleep in peace at night
and the revolution would keep
struggling on to more
successes.

68



PRS ‘SSA-85-04,
17 12
May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PROBLEM OF POPULATION GROWTH DESCRIBED
Capetown DIE: BURGER in Afrikaans 23 Mar 85. p 6
[Editorial: "Too Many People"] :

[Text] Disaster is staring South Africa in the face unless the current popu-
lation explosion is stopped in time.. This message has in recent times been
emphasizedrepeatedly by politicians and. researchers. It is clear that the
situation is serious, even more serious than many people want to recognize,
and that urgent action has become necessary in order to check the process.

Some people even say that the population explosion has become South Africa's
biggest. single problem. What is disconcerting is that they are probably
right. If one-looks at the cold, hard figures, one can see that there does
indeed exist cause for great concern.

Some.2 years ago, the Science Committee of the Presidential Council pointed
out that. approximately 80 million people is the maximum that can be supported
by the country's resources, while blacks alone, at. the present rate of growth,
will number approximately 170 million by the year 2050. Black women give
birth to an average of 5.2 children, while whites are approaching zero growth
and the figures for coloreds and Asians in 1980 fell to 3.29 and 2.7 respec-
tively.

The committee left no doubt about the seriousness of the situation. If a
successful effort cannot be made within approximately the next 40. years to
reduce the average birth rate for everyone to two children per. woman (like
that of whites at present), then growth in numbers will get irrevocably out
of hand, with disastrous consequences for all the country's people. Misery
such’as poverty, disease, hunger, unemployment, housing. shortages, crime,
social unrest, pollution and the collapse of services will become commonplace.

The state president, Mr P. W. Botha, said. recently at Stellenbosch that rapid
population growth is one of the most urgent: problems facing South Africa. He
pointed out that South Africa's population is presently growing at a rate of
2.3 percent a year. If this continues, the country's population will grow
from the present 24.8 million to 48 million in the year 2000, to approximately
80 million in the year 2020, when the maximum would be achieved in terms of

77



212210

JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

~ Sub-Saharan Africa Report

FBIS

JS QUALITY INSPECTED 2

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~
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‘he South African Government cannot be blamed if it thinks of other possibil-
ities, for example, that the MPC has begun working on a constitution for the
territory and that South Africa will be freed as far as possible from the
trouble that South-West Africa is bringing it.

In the light of this, President Botha's statement should be assessed thus:

If the prospects for a Cuban withdrawal from Angola do not improve, interested
parties should consider how an internationally acceptable independence can be
achieved.

Perhaps the key to this answer lies in the diplomatic note from the govern-
ment to four Western powers: Although South Africa believes its presence in
South-West Africa is legal, it reserves the right unconditionally to termin-
ate its presence in the territory unilaterally.

All that it has to do is to repeal the constitution of South-West Africa,
whereby the DIA controlled the territory at that time, by means of a
proclamation and then withdraw its officials and defense force from the ter-
ritory.

Such a step could create a vacuum which would -have serious consequences for
Western interests because South-West Africa. would be exposed to the mercy of
radical Marxists. : : :

We do not believe that the government is considering such a step, but its
time that Western countries become involved actively to consider the Cuban

threat to South-West Africa. Why must South Africa stand surety alone while
Western countries do not fulfill their undertakings-in ‘this matter?

cso; 3400/83

103



cso:

3400/065

A representative from the. United
Nations Economic Commission for
Africa (ECA), Mr. Akilama Akiwumi,
congratulated Tanzcnia on behalf of
the ECA Executive Secretary,
Professor Adebayo Adedeji.

._ He said although Tanzania did not
join the PTA immediately, “we were
however, convinced that it would not
take “long before she jomed me
organisation”. Tanzania's entry, he
‘said, marked a watershed that would
‘not only enrich, but also boost PTA.

The PTA current Chairman of the
Council of Ministers, " Ndugu
Muganga, said if the 1960s were for
Political independence then the 1980s
would be for Africa’s economic in-
dependence. “The PTA has been
created for bringing about economic
independence in the sub-region”, he
added.

‘The Burundi Minister said while it
was good to strengthen the
organisation, it was also equally good
to fight off imperialism.

He said with the creation of the
PTA it was instructive for members in
the region to exhaust local products
before thinking of importing products
from abroad.

‘A statement for the PTA host coun-
try, Zambia, was read by the Zambian
Minister for Industries and Commerce.
Ndugu L. Subulwa, who said [an-
zania, could not have joined the
organisation at a more opportune time
than now when Africa was grappling
with economic problems.

Ndugu Subulwa later read a.
congratulatory message from President
Kenneth Kaunda who paid tribute to
the CCM, Mwalimu and the people of
‘Tanzania for joining the organisation.

Last month Ndugu Nyang’anyi said
in a stdlement that the Government
had decided to join the PTA. after
taking into consideration all aspects of
the’ mediation of the defunct East
African Community (EAC) which felt
apart in 1977.

The decision was also prompted, the
Minister said, by the agreement on the
part of the PTA to add certain com-
modities to the list of items which
would be charged at reduced customs

‘The conditions.require that the com-
modities be produced in industries
which are 51 per cent owned by the
government and people of the member
states and run largely by its nationals.
Other commodities include agricultural

i the

PTA members are’ Tanzania,
Burundi, Comoro, Djibouti, Ethiopia,
Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius,
Rwanda, Somalia, Swaziland, Uganda,

* Zambia and Zimbabwe. Countries in

the sub-region but which are yet to
join PTA are Angola, Botswana,
Madagascar, Mozambique and the
Seychelles.

126



Merafhe Responds to GUARDIAN Charges
Sweep Uncovers Illegal Arms

Attempts To 'Pacify' South Discussed
(Laurent Zecchini; LE MONDE, 11 Apr 85)....ecceeeeeeecceee

GUANA

Exiles Return From Nigeria
(Accra Domestic Service, 26, 27 Apr 85)..ceccesecesesceoee

Panel Discusses Repatriation
Nigerian Criticized Over Expulsions

Briefs
Rehabilitation of Manganese Plant

GUINEA-BISSAU

President Visits Information Secretariat
(NO PINTCHA, 27 Feb 85). ..cceesewcccccecccecccerecceseres

Portugal To Finance Agricultural Training Center
(NO PINTCHA, 23 Feb 85).ccseccevcceececcccscceccerenccvecs

Relations With Islamic Development Bank
(NO ‘PINTCHA, 23 Feb 85)..ccecccccscrccccccccuccecscsercses

Phosphorite Mining Accord Signed With Portuguese Firm
(NO PINTCHA, 27 Feb 85)...ecccesccccevscccrcvvsccvccecoees

Briefs
Cooperation Agreement With Cuba
South Korean Ambassadors Visit
President's Message to Qadhdhafi
French Ambassador Visits Meteorological Center

KENYA

Nakuru Kanu Branch Calls for Unopposed Election of Moi, Kibaki
(DAILY ‘NATION, 16 Apr 85) ..eeeeseccccccvcccccccctececccees

Moi Declares Party Membership Strictly Voluntary
++ Gideon Mulaki; DAILY NATION, 17 Apr 85)..-+.eeeseeeeeeees

Libel Suit Leads To Injunction of EXPRESS
(THE WEEKLY REVIEW, 26 Apr 85)..

Parliament Sanctions Past Practices, Delays New Business
(THE WEEKLY REVIEW, 19 Apr 85)..-ccecccccecceccccecccenece

-b-

13
14

15

19
19
20

21

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34


JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

U.S. POSITION INSPIRES CONFIDENCE, HOPE
MB291100 Pretoria DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 19 Apr 85 p 6
[Editorial: "America and South Africa"]

[Text] A few years ago one could look far and practically in vain to find a
good work about South Africa from abroad,

Think of the periods of office of the Harold Wilsons, the Jimmy Carters, and
the end of the De Gaulle era and so forth. To tell the truth, there was a
time when we could count our "friends" on the fingers of one hand—-the Ivory
Coast, Malawi, Uruguay, and Paraguay.

The turning point came with the return to power of the Tories in Britain and
especially the election to the presidency of Mr Ronald Reagan.

Not that Reagan and Thatcher are bosom friends of this southern state~~indeed,
in the first place a country has not so many friends as interests--but given
the manner in which international politics and diplomacy is being practiced,
the talks between South Africa and the United States are of great importance,
They show understanding of our problems and an interest in facts.

America is such an enormously influential power that any smaller country
which can get its cooperation and positive interest should hold on to them.

One should, for example, not lose one's head over the criticism levelled at
South Africa by Mr George Shultz, secretary of state, last week before the
Washington Press Club. Weigh this first against the positive things, the
recognition which he has given the government. One should sincerely say that
since the establishment of the United. Nations seldom has so much good been said
about South Africa by an influential power.

The yelling from the Huddlestones in London to the Lagnes in Wellington has
become standard practice. On a point awarding system they would give Oouth
Africa 0 out of 10.

When a responsible country can sincerely and recognizably back the progress
that has been achieved in South Africa, it is meaningful and inspires confi-
dence and hope.

cso; 3400/83 104



JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

GUINEA-BISSAU

RELATIONS WITH ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK
Bissau NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 23 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] The status of relations between Guinea-Bissau and. the Islamic Develop-
ment Bank [IDB] and the question of resumption of financing trade operations
were some of the matters discussed at a meeting held on 4 February between
Victor Freire Monteiro and the president of the IDB, it was learned from the
ANG [GUINEA-BISSAU NEWS AGENCY] today.

At the meeting the Islamic Bank "was asked for financing to conclude the second
stage of the bridge docks of DICOL and several foreign trade transactions," said
the Guinean finance minister.

Dr Mohamed Ali, who was reelected chairman of the IDB for a period of 5 years,
“promised to send a mission to study the projects in the field of rural develop-
ment and others and ‘showed himself open' to the financing of the DICOL bridge,"
added Freire Monteiro.

According to the minister the IDB also approved the agreement of regulations
of the "past due payments" of Guinea-Bissau to the organization which will make
the resumption of operations possible.

Victor Freire Monteiro attended the ninth annual meeting of IBD governors
where resolutions were approved dealing with agreements of cooperation with the
Islamic organization for education, science and culture, cooperation with the
Development Bank of Western Africa, and the IDB balance sheet for 1983/84 was
approved.

11635
CSO: 3442/206

25



Campaign

In the meantime, the Russians are evidently busy with a disinformation campaign
in which FRELIMO [Mozambique Liberation Front], America and South Africa are
being thoroughly slandered.. In diplomatic circles it is being said that the
Russians predicted a year ago. that the "Boers will shoot themselves in the

foot again."

It does in fact, appear as if South Africa simply cannot come to a workable
understanding with its black neighbors. In the 1970s, it seemed for a time
as if Mr John Vorster had made an important breakthrough in Africa.

Undermined

At that time, it was predicted in Pretoria, even unofficially, that membership
in the OAU was the logical goal of South African foreign policy. Unfortunately,
South Africa "shot itself in the foot" on two occasions, when information

about private negotiations was made public. This made our neighbors shy of
diplomatic negotiations.

The Nkomati Accord was apparently undermined by the fact that “Mozambique, and
South Africa had differing views of what the provisions of the accord mean.
South Africa insisted that the ANC be kicked out of Mozambique, which President
Machel did. For his part, he expected South Africa to get rid of RENAMO
[Mozambique National Resistance] for him.

RENAMO.was created earlier by the Rhodesian government as a thorn in the side
of Mozambique and the forces of Mr Robert Mugabe. After the fall of Rhodesia,
RENAMO shifted its activities from the Mozambique-Zimbabwe border to the area
opposite the Kruger National Park.

To a Standstill

The Mozambican government apparently expected that since South Africa was
responsible for the fact that RENAMO had shifted its activities to the south,
it should clear the rebels away from Mozambique's front door.

This did not happen, and the security situation in Mozambique is even more
critical than it was a year ago. Traffic on the road between Komatipoort and
Maputo has been forced to a standstill, and it sometimes takes trains up to
3 weeks to complete this trip. Accordingly, nothing has come of the economic
boom expected by Mozambique after the signing of the accord.

The actual attitude these days is that FRELIMO is too weak to govern the coun-
try and RENAMO is too weak to take it over. In the meantime, Mozambique is
sinking deeper into chaos on a daily basis.

The sustained presence of RENAMO is being interpreted by Mozambique as mean-
ing that either South Africa does not want to. eliminate RENAMO or it is not
able to eliminate. The latter is probably the case: South Africa has no con-
trol (anymore) over RENAMO, and it would take an enormous military operation
to smoke such a dynamic group of rebels out of thousands of square kilometers
of dense bushveld.

84



JPRS~SSA~-85-042
17 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PRESS COMMENTARY ON NKOMATI ACCORD STATUS
RSA-Mozambique Mutual Interests

Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 20 Mar 85 p 8

[Editorial: : "Mozambique"]

[Text] What is going on in Mozambique is of more than mere academic interest
to South Africa. Maputo is also the closest harbor to the Witwatersrand,

and adequate road and rail connections between the PWV [Pretoria, Witwatersrand
and Vereeniging. industrial area] and Maputo are of great mutual economic inter-
est, while the cheap hydroelectricity that can be obtained from the Cahora
Bassa is a valuable complement to South Africa's own energy production.

I£ Mozambique is plunged into chaos by.civil war, this is in reality detri-
mental to South Africa. For this reason, one should welcome the fact that
South Africa and Mozambique have over the past few days again reaffirmed their
resolve to make the Nkomati Accord a success.

What makes the Mozambican situation tragic is that the FRELIMO government is
ostensibly too weak to extend its authority throughout the entire country. In
the meantime, the country is sinking deeper into chaos. However, there are
limits on the aid that can be granted to FRELIMO. For example, using South
African troops to. guard key positions of mutual interest could involve South
Africa in a quagmire from which it is nearly impossible to honorably withdraw
later.

On the other hand, South Africa’will have to show what it is doing so that
REWAMO [Mozambique National Resistance] does not continue to threaten the
stability of Mozambique. The information on RENAMO transgressions announced
over the weekend by Minister Pik Botha shows the government's earnest in
cooperating so.that the provisions of Nkomati can be met.

Reaffirmation of Support
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 18 Mar 85 p 8
[Editorial: "Nkomati's First Year"]

[Text] Saturday it was exactly a year ago that the historic Nkomati Accord

79



JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

ANGOLA

EIGHTH ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR DOMESTIC TRADE UNDERWAY
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 28 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] : Namibe--The eighth advisory council of the Ministry of Domestic
Trade has been underway in this city since Tuesday under the: direction of
the minister, Adriano Pereira Santos, Jr.

In the course of the proceedings, in which national directors, provincial
delegates and other officials from that sector are participating, a review
has already been made of the activities carried out last year.

During the 2-day meeting, the participants will-consider the prospects for
the current year as well as the draft bill on the system of training cadres
and professionals.

Aiso at the center of discussion is a review of statistical and accounting
information and the socialist emulation regulation plan for the trade and
hotel sub-branches.

The opening session was presided over by the coordinator of the party
provincial committee and provincial commissioner, Fernando Faustino Muteka,
who said in his speech that the domestic trade sector is the one most sought
after by the people because the supply system, especially of food items,

is a primary condition for human survival. For that reason, he recalled the
passage of the speech by Comrade President Jose Eduardo dos Santos, at the
inaugural ceremony of the First National Party Conference when he said:

“We must continue to reorganize the supply system in the urban areas in order
to realize the principle of 'Hé who does not work shall not eat' so that
everyone will feel obliged to work for himself and for society."

Further on, making a point about the new supply system, the supreme provincial
leader said that this method seeks to achieve,a more rational distribution

of food items that will permit greater fairness in satisfying the vital needs
of each family.

Speaking about marketing in the countryside, specifically in Namibe Province,
he stressed that it so happens that the products imported for marketing

in the rural zones do not always harmonize with the habits, traditions and
needs of the peasants and cattle raisers and that it is necessary to study



JPRS-SSA~85-042
17 May 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

DONDO MILITARY DISTRICT STRENGTHENS DEFENSE MEASURES
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 10 Feb 85 p 4
{Article by Antonio Cesar]

[Text] At the official ceremony closing the ninth session of the Dondo District
Assembly, which took place last Friday, a motion was read praising the state
institutions that: were outstanding in fulfilling their tasks. Among this is
the Military Command which during the past 3 months carried out important
battles against armed bandits, causing total elimination of several terrorists
and destruction of. some of their hiding places.

As a matter of fact, during that time 6,121 citizens were trained in self-
defense courses, raising to 9,454 citizens the total number of militiamen
operating in the region and organized into basic subgroups under the juris-
diction. of district commands.

Acting in close cooperation with political units of neighborhoods and communal*
villages, the District Military Command revitalized the military police in.
order to increase control of the movements of the people. a

In the opinion of some people contacted by DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE the resumption
and intensification of military police supervision was received with great
satisfaction because it allowed a considerable reduction in the number of law-
breaking incidents. As a result, the incidence of assault on the streets and
arbitrary arrest of innocent citizens decreased. - of
At the same time, 1,360 traditional weapons were produced, with a goal of 500.
The fact that the target was surpassed was due to massive support of the popu-
lation to the already broad movement against the armed bandits.

However, as was already reported during the district meeting, it was noted that
the utilization of these war weapons does not follow the correctly defined
standards,, for which reason hundreds of them are stored away and getting rusty.

After its creation the military command established coordination machinery with
neighboring districts, especially that of Muanza, above all when there were
efforts to carry out combat actions in the areas under its jurisdiction. The
destruction of a camp of armed bandits in the Derunde region from which the

49



JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY ON SOURCE OF RECENT UNREST
Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 3 Apr 85 p 12
[Article by Dawie: "More at Stake Than Simply Ordinary Reaction"]

[Text] The instability often coupled with far-reaching political reforms is
being cited as one of the most important reasons that black unrest in South
Africa continues. to linger on.

However, it is obvious that there is more at stake here than the ordinary
reaction that reformers can normally expect.

Contributed

First of all, it must be assumed that some of the rioters are not being incited
by growing expectations, but rather by the fact that they have been given to
understand how futile their fate is. They believe that nothing is really
changing.

Many of the people who are so concerned about the possibility that the unrest
cannot be abated should ask themselves how much they have. contributed to it.

All those stories about how the government, with the new deal for coloreds and
Indians, "has definitively turned its back on blacks," that blacks “now know
that they are being left out in the cold," have created a mood of despair of
which the bitter fruits are now being reaped.

Textbook

Secondly, there are elements who recognize. that reforms have come about, and
that more are spelled out for the future, but who want. to have nothing to do
with them because this could seriously damage their political ambitions. They
are going out of their way to shipwreck attempts at orderly change.

Thirdly, there is that group which accepts that work is truly being done on a
new future, but which is becoming impatient because in their opinion it is
going entirely too slowly. This is more or less the textbook reaction.

The peculiar nature of circumstances in South Africa is evident when compared
with the tempestuous years during the Negro civil rights struggle in America.

' There are big differences between what happened there and what is going on here.

91



Is there then no relief for South Africans who feel that they are already being
taxed too heavily? And what are the general economic prospects for a year or
two from now? -There are several hints about this in the budget address.

Better days are coming, this is the message--provided the country swallows the
bitter medicine now that is necessary to make the entire economic body well.

Tax Burden

At several points in the budget address,. it is clear that the minister views
the present tax burden as too harsh, and that he is striving towards a ten-
dency seen elsewhere in the world: “a reduction of taxes in order to create

and extend well-being."

This tendency has been noticeable in America and Britain in particular. It
has been coupled with other characteristics of.a free market system, such as
privatization of state-run enterprises. In this respect, attention in South
Africa is being. directed at hospital services in particular, but it: could
extend beyond that, perhaps to transportation services, and so on.

But before a revival began in the above-mentioned countries, there were hard
times.. Lines of the unemployed loitered in the streets while the healing of
chronic socialistic ills was under way.

In the case of America, the recovery resulted in a massive strengthening of
the dollar, only a few years ago the world's "sick" monetary unit. Today
America is-again.the world leader in the economic domain.

Profit Motive

South Africa is now experiencing just such a recovery phase. The government
is plainly. expecting in the.long run, after a new economic revival has begun,
to be able to assume its place as economic leader, at least in Southern Africa,
and most probably on the entire continent.

The primary incentive for achieving this is the profit motive.

In this respect, Minister Du Plessis ventures that the govetnment wants to
review the tax system with an eye to strengthening fiscal incentives and to
promoting productivity, savings, investment and assumption of risk.

Consequently, there are high expectations in government circles as well con-
cerning the results of the study by the Margo Commission. It is not unreal-
istic to expect that this will be reflected as early as in the next budget--
and clearly the government has only one thing in mind in the long run: more
money in the taxpayer's pocket.

70



MOI DECLARES PARTY MEMBERSHIP STRICTLY VOLUNTARY

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 17 Apr 85 pp 1, 28

[Article by Gideon Mulaki]

[Text]

No Kenyan will be

(KANU), President’
Moi. declared yester-
day.

The President emphasised,
however, that ‘all eligible
Kenyans should. register.

voluntarily as anu~

members. to b

is message members
of the Kanu Parliamentary
Group was delivered to the

-Press by the group’s

secretary, Mr Michael Kijana
Wamalwa, when briefing
newsmen following a meeting
of the group at Parliament
Buildings in the morning.

At the meeting, President:
Moi, who is Member for
Baringo: Central, reiterated
that there must ‘be no coer-
cion in the registration of new:
party members. He chaired
the meeting.

Mr Wamalwa said ‘the Presi-
dent pointed out that Kenyans

“were mature and’ wanted to exer-

cise their voting rights. in the:
Party sleetions — “the only party

they have”.

He rola the MP3 that what had
hampered registration was not
that the people were unwilling.
but that there was some inef-
ficiency in delivering cards to
chiefs and district headquarters.

This, he said, was why the
exercise had been slow. Otherwise
wananchi had been willing ‘to
enlist and needed no force.

31

Said Mr Wamalwa: “I can

JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

KENYA

assure you that there were no"

bombshells as-you gentlemen and
ladies of the Press might have
been expecting.

“Tt was an extremely friendly
meeting. Members. were allowed
to raise all kinds of points with
regard to the Kanu recruitment
drive — actual practical details

on how the registration exercise is

being carried out.

“te e salient features of His
llency’s speech can
om ey in three points:
First th the President advised

Members to concentrate on tl

recruitment and. registration *
Kanu members to achieve the
target of five million voters before
the deadline set (end of April).

fro, advised members to aioe and

m unnecessary cam) a

mudslinging that might: tarnish
the | name of this republic

inti eauwed laughter by saying

that, therefore, they should not
be | the source of criticism and

imony.
a cathe ‘second important poin

‘he emphasised was that "Ps
should discuss things that. can
enhance and impose national
unity and they must work hand in
hand with civil servants. and
businessmen to encourage

lopment and ereate jobs for

wananchi.
“Finally, His Excellency
warned that ethnicity or tribal

affiliation should not be
lighted as a political weapon.

that he has ‘one hundred ‘per cent
support from all the wananchi of

his republic, regardless of their
* tribes.

“Ia his closing femarks, the |

President also touched upon a



JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

M'MBIJJEWE LOSES MINISTERIAL POSITION, ANGAINE RETURNS

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 18 Apr 85 pp 1, 20

[Article by Enos Nyagah]

[Text]

‘THE Minister for. Health, Mr.

“Kabeere M’Mbijjewe, was
“yesterday relieved of his minist il

position while the MP for Meru

“North West, Mr. Jackson Angainé,
-was appointed Minister of State in

the-Office of the President. ».

Thus at.82 Angaine becomés-the oldest.

cabinet minister.. The reshuffle directed by
President Daniel arap Moi arid. broadcast
over the Voice of Kenya. radio said a

Minister of State in the Office of thie Presi”

dent, Mr, Peter Otieno Nyakiamo, takes

over frorn~M’Mbijjewe as “Minister for

Health. os .
The Permanent Secretary

for Health, Mr. J, B. Omon-

di, was moved to the Ministry

of Energy and. Regional

. Development to teplace Pro-

fessor Peter Gacii, who was
moved to the Ministry of
Tourism arid Wildlife. Mr.
Simon Shitemi, the PS for

Tourism and Wildlife .was

moved to the Ministry of
Health. . .
_Angaitic is a well-known
sonality i Kenya polities.
prominence at the -na-
tiorial fevel is, however, a great
deal tess than ii was in the six-
tiés and early severities when
he was.the Ministet for Lands
and Settlement. © =
Angaine’s image as the
most dominant political figure
in the Meru district polities
was strengthened whenche was

.fetuttied unopposed as the MP.

43

for Meru North West in the
1969 elections and was unop-

» posed gs the Kanu chairman in

the district in 1977.

Angaine was born in 1903 in
Meru and was educated local-
ly and at Alliance High
Fehool. He taught for a whjJe

ind theri worked as the
secretary tothe Meru African
District Councit. He also serv-
‘ed as Secretary to the Kikuyu
Central Association (KCA)
and later hairman of the
Kenya Africari Union (KAU)
Jn Metu district.

He played an active role in
nationalist politics until 1952
when he was arrested and de-
tained on the declaration of a
state of emergency in the
country... In. 1960, Angaine
became the chairman of Kanu
dn Meru district and in 1963
was elected to. Kenya
Legislative Assembly on a
Kanu ticket.

He ‘was’ -appointed
parliamentary secretary of the
Ministry of Agriculture and
Settlement and later became
the. Minister for Lands and
Settlement, Survey afid Town
Planning. He retained the
Janis and settlement portfolio
until he was defeated by
Mbogori in the 1979 elections.

*Mbijjewe’s  sackin.
cothes in the wake of several
allegations both in patliarnent
.and outside of alleged involve-
ment in shady drugs and
business deals.

KENYA



Among the Ligoqgo members who attended the meeting were Dr George Msibi, Mr
A. K. Hlope, Ndvuna Masenjana Nsibandze, Prince Mkhatshwa, Mr Ndlelen Gwebu
and Prince Lusekwane.

Another Liqoq standing committee member, Prince Mfanasibili later joined the
meeting which lasted until lunchtime. :

Mr Sikhumba arrived in the country last week from Maputo and he told press
men he had come here for consultations and for medical check-up.

CSO: 3400/82

112



JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

LESOTHO

BRIEFS

WELKOM GOLD MINE DEATHS--A fairly large number of Basotho miners is reported
to have been killed in clashes between the Xhosa and Basotho workers at the
President Steyn Mine in Welkom over the weekend. The actual cause of the
fight is not yet known and the police said they responded to the unrest

with rubber bullets, shotguns, and tear gas. It was reported earlier this
morning that 50 percent of the workers returned to work and there are no more
incidents of unrest, but the mood was generally tense in the Welkom gold mine.
The agents of the Employment Bureau of Africa in Maseru reports that: the
actual number of Basotho involved in the incident is not yet known, because
the investigations are still continuing and some of the bodies have not yet
been identified. As soon as this situation has been clarified, the public will
be notified. [Text] [Maseru Domestic Service in English 1130 GMT 22 Apr 85
MB] :

24 TO RECEIVE TANZANIAN SCHOOLING--The prepresentative of the Pan-Africanist
Congress [PAC] of Azania, Mr (Elliot Mfaxang), has announced that 24 members
of the PAC will be leaving Lesotho to take up educational placements in dif-
ferent institutions in the Unftted Republic of Tanzania. Their movement is a
routine measure and it is also a fulfillment of a promise made to the Lesotho
Government recently that the PAC will do all in its power to ensure speedy and
periddical removal of its members for placement in other. parts of Africa.

Mr (Mfaxang) said the movements concerned did not signify an evacuation or a
pullout, as they were represented in certain quarters. He said the PAC hopes
its members will continue to stay in Lesotho as they have done for more than
20 years. [Text] [Maseru Domestic Service in English 1130 GMT 22 Apr 85. MB]

cso: 3400/81

48



cso:

3400/063

The report said Production of sisal,
for example had declined from a peak
of 230,000 tonnes in. 1964 to about
$0,000 tonnes in 1983/84 while tea
slumped from 18,500 tonnes in
1977/78 to 17,600 tonnes in 1982/83.

Coffee production also droppe
from 66,800" tonnes in 1980/81 to
about 62,000 tonnes in 1983/84 and
cocoa from 15,000; tonnes in 1982/83
to about 11,000 tonnes in 1981/82.

The figures also show that
cashewnut has decreased from
143,300 in 1973/74 to about 47,000
tonnes in 1983/84, cotton from
225,700 tonnes in 1972/73 to about
144,400 tonnes in 1983/84, tobacco -
from 19,100 tonnes in 1976/77 to
about 11,000 tonnes in 1983/84 and
pyrethrum from 6,000 tonnes in
1966/67 to 1,800 tonnes in 1983/84.

While the Ministry insists that the
downward trend could be reversed if
maintenance and replacement, of
equipment is assured, it howéver,
notes that foreign exchange will
remain a major constraint.

It said prospects for the programme
were high if support services, primary
research and extension services were
strengthened with foreign exchange
allocation planned in favour of the
high net - generation sector of
agriculture.

133



cso:

One of the most ‘serious
political problems facing
M’Mbijjewe is a recommenda-
tion from ‘the Meru Kanu
bratich executive committee to
have him suspended from the

arty, ostensibly because of

is alleged iation with the
former minister for constitu-
tional affairs, Mr. “Charles
Njonjo. The recommendation
was made in writing to Kanu
headquarters.

Besides the political ups and
downs that M’Mbijjewe has
been having this year alone, he
has had to fight several legal
battles both in Meru and
Nairobi. One of them involves
shs. 2.6 million he is alleged to
have received from’ a Saudi
Arabian firm as a deposit to
a company in which he is a
ditéctor, to supply the Saudi
Arabian firm with “10,000
goats and 10,000 sheep... ~

On Tuesday, six Meru MPs
accused M’Mbijjewe of
behaving in @ manner which
was a direct insult to the digni-
ty and intelligence of the péo-
ple of Meru and an unpar-

»donable smear of the ruling
party when he called elected
Kanu and parliamentary
leaders makanga. :

The six MPs further accus:
ed M’Mbijjewe of involvin;
himself in a 26,000-acre Jan

“scandal, which the former
ininister allegedly ‘‘grabbed"?
ftom the Meru county coun-
cil in addition to-400 acres
given him at Timau.

3400/080

44

Last week the former
minister was accused in parlia-
ment of receiving a shs; 2.4
million bribe, .

In Meru, M’Mbijjewe was
on March 2 ordered by a Meru
court, to pay shs. 34,479 as
costs of a civil suit in which he
was one of the defendants, for
having retained water pipes
for Ntamburi Mutethia Water
Project. o:

The judgment was later
aside by the High Court.

On April 15, Continental
Credit Finance sought to
recover from M’Mbijjewe,shs.
2.5m through the High court
which had been lent to Simex
Electro. Engineering East
Africa Ltd., a firm owned by
him and Mrs. M’Mbijjewe.

Five members of parliament
from Meru yesterday thanked
President Daniel arap Moi for

“~ appointing-Mr.'J. H» Angaine

to be a Minister of State in the
Office of the President, adds
WILLIAM ONYANGO.

The chairman of the ex-
ecutive committee of Meru
municipal. wards, Coun. Haji
Yusuf Musa Mucheke; has
also congratulated President
Moi for appointing Angaine
as tninister,

In a. telephone message
from Meru, Mucheke said:
“We Meru people are.
thankful to Your Excellency
for appointing Mr. J.
Angaine, the Meru branch
Kanu chairman, as your new
Minister of State.



It is a shame that the surcharge on individual income tax is now going to be
an additional two percent. On the other hand, the state has decided to impose
the tax on fringe benefits over a longer period of time. It is primarily
those who are favored by this who are the hardest hit by the extra surcharge.

With his new idea of special temporary taxes, the minister has brought a new
flexibility to his first budget which gives evidence of a welcome originality.
The three sectors affected. by this will of course be unhappy. But they do
after all have the consolation that they can afford it.

On the whole, the budget can thus be described as bearable. The minister and
the government have displayed great courage by administering to the country
yet another dose of bitter medicine. :

There is, however, for the first time an actual reason to believe that it will
now have the desired effect. Interest rates will probably react immediately.
They could: begin to fall considerably, which will provide the basis for a much
more healthy economy in the future.

However, the most important’ test will be of the state's ability to sustain
control over its expenditures. The minister has committed himself to reducing
the state's claim on the gross domestic product. We hope that these are not
merely idle words. ; . a

12271
cso: 3401/105

73



JPRS-SSA-85~-042
17 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

STATUS OF NKXOMATI ACCORD EVALUATED
Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 14 Mar 85 p 12
{Article by Piet Muller: “can Nkomati Still Be Saved?"]

[Text] In two days, the Nkomati Accord will be one year old, and it has al-
ready been proclaimed "dead" by the front line states and by the Organization
of African Unity [OAU].

Last week the accord was in fact under discussion at a summit conference in
Lusaka. Afterwards President Julius Nyerere of Tanzania declared that the
accord is “not worth the paper it is written on."

It is striking that President Samora Machel of Mozambique, the cosigner of the
accord, has yet to publicly join in this chorus. The Mozambican head of state
is obviously eager for the accord not to "die." However, it is known that he
is under strong pressure to admit that the accord has failed.

Differs

It is being said that a year ago he decided, under heavy pressure, to enter
into the accord with South Africa "because the Afrikaners are decent and will
keep their word."

It is also known that he differs sharply with the ANC and with black heads of
government in Southern Africa on how to achieve a political solution in South
Africa. These views are presently being thrown in his face.

I£ the Nkomati Accord is in fact dead, then South Africa has arrived at a
crisis of confidence from which it will easily take another decade to disen-
tangle itself.

America as well has yet to throw in the towel on the accord. Visiting diplo-
mats from Washington are currently visiting the subcontinent in an attempt to
help save what remains to be saved.

America sees the success of the accord as a way of keeping the Russians out of
Mozambique. Formulators of policy on Africa have only recently recommended
that the American Congress approve “non-lethal aid" to Mozambique: aid in the
form of food, clothing, medicine and the training of military personnel.

83



UPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

KENYA

ZAIREANS LOSE BID FOR WORK PERMITS
Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 18 Apr 85 p 5

[Text] Work permit applications of over 30 Zairean nationals living in Kenya
have been turned down by the Immigration Department.

Among those affected are members of two popular Nairobi+based music groups,
Orchestras ‘Virunga and Super Mazembe.

According to the Principal Immigration Officer, Mr ole Ncharo, the move is
all part of "the normal Government's Kenyanisation policy and that there's
nothing peculiar about it" The policy, he says, does not only affect Zairean
nationals but all foreigners.

Mr ole Ncharo said his department did not consider particular professions or
countries when Kenyanising jobs. "Our phasing-out programme only considers
whether there are Kenyans with the relevant qualifications to fill the post,"

he said.

The Kenyanisation policy, he said, dealt with aliens individually and not
with their Governments, and he cautioned that the move by his department
should "not be construed as an act of hostility towards the Zairean
Government",

He gave the example of the Zambian Government which recently refused to renew
the work permits and even kicked out some Kenyans working there. "Every
country decides whom to give its jobs, and naturally its nationals should get
priority," he said.

Asked whether the move also involved the Tanzanian musicians in Kenya, he
said each case was normally considered on its own merit. And that too would
be the case of the few "surviving" Zairean bands when their permits expired.
"Only then shall we decide whethér to issue work permits or not," he said.

Permits for Orchestra Les Mangélepa and Vudumuna will be expiring in a few
months tine.

He said that after being denied a work permit, an alien could be given a
visitor's pass to allow thim stay in the country (without working) while he

38


cso:

our national fabric and repairing
the damage will prove both very
costly and very difficult.

Luckly, however, the count-
ry’s top leadership is now deter-
mined (or are they not?) that this
damage must be repaired — at
all costs — if the nation is to
progress.

In a strongly worded speech
in Dar es Salaam recently, the
Chairman of Chama Cha Mapi-
nduzi, Mwalimu Nyerere, said,
from now onwards, the Party
will deal with workers who draw
salaries without performing their
duties properly.

He added that it would be

wrong to expect ministers and
other institutions to take action

against such people because’

there could be tendencies of
favouritism or avoidance of
responsibilities. ‘We have paid
for their education, we pay them
salaries so that they help us
rehabilitate the economy. Who-
ever does not agree with this, we
shall give him: permission to do
whatever he likes’. 'Mwalimu
stressed.

And in Mbeya, Prime Mini-
ster Salim emphasised that the
Party and its members should be
in the vanguard of dedicated and
committed service against mis-
management, negligence and
profiteering.

As matters stand, if the
Party is to deal with all those
who draw salaries without per-
forming their duties properly, it
is difficult to guess how many of
us will be spared the rod and
how many will escape the net.

The complexity and inter-
twining of factors which result
in workers drawing their full
salaries commensurate perform-
ance in their duties are all-
encompassing.

Non accountability, and
one’s tendency to trick his way
tovit, may be caused, among
other things, by lack of commit-
ment and dedication or lack of
job demarcation and proper

3400/064

124

supervision. It could also result
from inadequate _ education,
opportunism, lack of self-confi-
dence or lack of incentives.

It is difficult to pinpoint.the
exact factors — or their combi-
nation — which have pushed the
nation to where it is now.

Despite a big potential, the
country cannot now feed itself
and our industries are running at
far below their capacity necessi-
tated by external factors.

And despite an adequate
infrastructure and an overblown
manpower structure, our service
industry falls far short of expect-
ations.

It is these realities which
occasion artificial shortages and
trigger unnecessary price hikes.
It is these realities which give the
picture of a very busy nation,
which nonetheless has very little
to show for its efforts.

It is lack of accountability
which translates in an almost
universal laissez-faire attitude to
work throughout the public
sector which is behind the very
low. progress, and in some
instances the negative progress,
evident all over the country.

Another major cause of this
attitude .which is interwoven
with all the others, is that many
government senior . executives
and managers go on a permanent
accademic holiday after, finish-
ing their formal schooling.

Executives seldom seek up-
to-date data and, information
before making decisions on the
country’ 's development.
practice is not common among
senior executives only, but also
among members of the public. It
is a serious problem which has
grave repercussions on the social
development of the country.

Now that the Party is d
mined to make use of the rod
and broom, the nation can
expect faster growth, even if this
will mean leaving some of us on
the wayside.



JPRS~SSA~85-042
17 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

KWANGEMA WILL ‘NOL BE MOVED~--The deputy minister of development and land af-
fairs, Mr Ben Wilkens, has told a delegation from’ NwaNgema that the black
community in the eastern Transvaal will no longer be moved by the Department
of Cooperation and Development. A spokesman for the delegation said after
talks in Pretoria that only a small group ofthe Inhabitants of Kwallgema are to
be resettled on higher ground, as their dwellings are being treatened by the
rising waters of the new (Huyshoop) dam. Mr Wilkens disclosed that the govern-
ment was considering buying an additional 2,000 hectares of land adjoining the
area occupied at present, to offer it in compensation for the land which would
be flooded. [Yext] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1900 GMT 29 Apr
85 MB]

TEAR GAS DISPERSES STUDENT GATHERING--Johannesburg, 25 Apr (SAPA)-~Police used
tearsmoke to disperse an illegal gathering of about 250 students*at Vista
University in Kwazakele, near Port Elizabeth, this afternoon, the Police Pub~-
lic Relations Division in Pretoria said in a bulletin of unrest incidents re~
ported since 4 p.m. today. "Police only resorted to this action when students
refused an order to disperse," the report said. In Graaff-Reinet township,
police used tearsmoke and sjamboks [whips] to disperse about 400 blacks who at~
tacked and stoned a police patrol, the report said. Police again used tear~
smoke and birdshot to disperse arsonists who set fire to a school principle's
home in the township, the reports said. The house was destroyed, it said.

In Tembisa, near Kempton Park, arsonists hurled a petrol bomb at a private
house early this morning. The owner doused the flames, the report said, "The
owner of a private vehicle was not so fortunate, as arsonists managed to set
his vehicle on fire, destroying it totally," the report added. [Text]
{Johannesburg SAPA in English 1834 GMT 25 Apr 85 MB]

UNREST, GOVERNMENT ACTIONS CITED--The minister of home affairs, Mr F. We. |
de Klerk, says separate residential areas and schools are still a basic prin-
ciple of the National Party. At a public meeting in Bethlehem, Mr de Klerk
said it was important for every population group to exercise its own community
life. Referring to the unrest in the country, he said the majority of resi-
dents in the areas where it was taking place were trying to find a peaceful
solution. Although firm action was expected from the government, there could
not be indiscriminate shooting and violence. Mr de Klerk said the interests
of the country had to be guarded, while at the same time the government was
expected to create an understanding between reasonable leaders of all popula~
tion groups. Mr de Klerk emphasized that the government had chosen the path of
negotiation. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT

26 Apr 85 MB

108



|
cso:

Presidential elections in October
this year as Second President.

The President and his en-
tourage later that night boarded
the special ‘blue’ train for the
northern Republic of Slovenia.

In winter gear the following
morning, Mwalimu was driven
to the winter sports resort at
*Planica along the Kranyska Gora
ange near the Austrian border
to watch an international ski
jumping competition.

Tt was a
bitting winter cold and light
snow fall at Planica when Mwa-
limu arrived at the University of
Edvard Kardelj, Ljubijana later
that afternoon for the ceremo-
nial bestowal of ‘the doctorate

“Gigantic s the contribution
of Dr. Julius ‘Nyetere to. the
affirmation of the
aspirations of les fc

“emancipation, freedom. and:de-

velopment and to their endea-
yours to attain an equitable
international cooperation”, the
Dean of the University’s Faculty
of Law Dr. Ivan Kristan said in
the proposal to award Mwalimu.

The citation said ;Mwalimu
was being honoured for his out-
standing work in shaping the
policy of independerice and de-
velopment for Tanzania and for
his contribution as one of the
leading thinkers of contempo-
rary Africa, © * \

Among his other mentioned
qualities were his being \a sup-
porter of the idea that the future
of newly independent developing
countries depended mainly on
self-reliance and his struggle for
the implementation of the original
principles of the Non-Aligned
moverhent for peace in the world
and, for’ the development * of
Yugoslav-Tanzanian relations.

Acknowledging the honour,”

Mwalimu pledged to be ‘“‘worthy
of the tribute you have bestowed
on me’, He said he would

3400/063

ig change from the °

117

“continue working for fi
justice and peace in the world.
“The cause of freedom in the
world is promoted by the united
effort of thousands or millions
of the people and not an indi-
vidual’, he explained. He said
that each person was worth and
had his contribution to make.
. “We have’ to act in the context
of 4 man’s interdependence’ he

* In the final communique that
followed the final round of talks
shortly before Mwalimu’s de-
parture for London, both Yu-
goslavia and Tanzania stressed
the need to solve the economic

" problems of the world poor
SE ao ais wes eed

“ two sides were
that the debt problems of deve-

countries, which are link-

-ed to the functioning of the

ternational financial and
monetary system, bring about
major negative social and poli-
tical changes in _ developing

< emphasised the
necessity of launching’ a dialogue
between the developing countries
(debtors) and developed ones
(creditors)", it said,”

The two countries also
agreed on other vital areas in-
i gg ene

nte, CG jon-
satis etna
assistance to the lil ion strug-
gle in southern Africa. There
were also concurrence of views
on’ the Middle East, Central
America, Chad and Western
Sahara as well as the need to
demilitarise the Indian Ocean.
operation, the two si res-
sed their satisfaction at’ the!

1; Tesults of the visit which confir-
med the high level of friendly
relations between the Socialist
Federal blic-of Yugeslavia
Jnited Republic
‘anzania,”” the communique/



cso:

problem — we would be foolish indeed if
we did not realise the danger of
Sungusungu as an instrument especially
forged to crush the people of Tanganyika
and Zanzibar who do not pander to the
will of the authorities.

Before Sungusungu there was a short-
lived “Christian militia.” But it was too
obvious. It was suppressed — or was it?
Then emerged Sungusungu with another
label. It claimed to be indigenous, of Jadi,
ancestral, complete with pagan hymns,
pagan rites and pagan
human decency. Christian missi
work, with’ its monopoly in the social
services, strengthened by government
authority and by international Church
finance and management, having
nonetheless failed to halt the spread of
Islam, resort was had to “secularism.”

Under that doctrine, the government
and ruling party of Tanzania “have no
reli .” The very useful East African
Muslim Welfare Society was banned, and
a puppet front, called Bakwata (Supreme
Council of Tanzanian Muslims) was
created with the declared policy of
keeping Islam out of politics and of kow-
towing to the slightest wish of the
authorities. The few Muslim schools were
taken over by the secular authorities.

It became unfashionable and
unprofitable to identify oneself as a
Muslim. Even names were changed to
please the boss. Talib became Twalipo;
Safiya became Sophia. After a quarter of a
century of Nyerere’s “egalitarian
socialist” rule, the more than 70 per cent
Muslim population of Tanzania are
farther away from the higher rungs of
administration and education than ever.

In secondary and __ post-secondary
education they are conspicuous by their
absence. In Dar-es-Salaam University, for
instance, a recent intake of. medical
students showed that only 1 out of 33
students accepted for the medical course
was a Muslim. Out of 14 recently qualified
dentists, only one was a Muslim.

3400/068

122

After giving the above striking figures,
Africa Events for November 1984 quotes a
very relevant passage from a recent book
New States in Africa, by Professor Ali
Mazrui and Michael Tidy: “‘Most
observers do not even realise that there
are more Muslims than Christians in
Tanzania... but the risk that Muslims
might become increasingly discontented
as they witness a disproportionate share of
privilege enjoyed by Christians, continues
to hang over Tanzania, especially in the
years which would follow the departure of
Mwalimu Julius Nyerere.”

Is it to prepare for that eventuality that
the Revolutionary Party (CCM) has been
created when there has never yet been a
revolution in Tanganyika? Is the
Sungusungu merely an agent provocateur,
or asymptom of things to come which may
have global repercussions?

Is there any connection between a
Protestant Churches’ conference in
Nairobi, where the question of refugees
and the spread of Islam were the only
items on the agenda; the Christian
Democratic party’s conference in
Kampala; the Socialist International in
Arusha (all in 1984), and anti-Muslim
outrages in Tanzania and Uganda, and the
hotting-up of the anti-Muslim war in
Southern Sudan?

Is there any significance in the report
that for some years now Mwalimu
Nyerere has had a secret presence in
Lebanon, where Christian militiamen
have by force of arms and terror been
preventing the Muslim Lebanese from
exercising their democratic rights?

Is there any truth in the reports that
some Arab countries have been supplying
Nyerere with the arms with which he has

been crusading against Zanzibar,
Uganda, Sudan, Nigeria, Comoro,
threatening Kenya and other

neighbouring countries and suppressing
the inhabitants of Tanzania itself? Have

we not learnt enough lessons from the
-sectarian conflicts

of .Lebanon and
Northern Ireland?


ANGOLA

JPRS-SSA- 85-042

17 May 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

Kuando~Kubango, Huila Commissars Meet To Discuss Issues

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 1 Mar 85)...cceceeeeececcceseeceseceeee
MPLA Plans To Naturalize Cubans

(John Maclennan; THE SUNDAY STAR, 21 Apr 85)....sseveceeee
World Press Reaction To RSA Pullout Cited

(Luanda Domestic Service, 23 Apr 85)....eeeecesecesceseees

. South Africa Soldiers Take Quick March Out of Country
(Kim McGowan; THE SUNDAY STAR, 21 Apr 85)...seeeeeeeoeeees

Transport Sector in Lunda-Norte Faces Difficulties

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 28 Feb 85).cesecscssceccsccecccececseee
Eighth Advisory Council for Domestic Trade Underway :

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 28 Feb 85)...seseeccsesecereccececeees
Fuel Supply to Kwanza-Norte Increases

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 28 Feb 85)...ceceeceececcesesecccceeece
Lack of Raw Materials Hampers Textile Production

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 1 Mar 85). .eceeececeeseceeeeeeeceeceeee
Briefs

UNITA 'Counterrevolutionaries' Executed

UNITA Attacks Near Luena

Withdrawal 'Disgusting '

BOTSWANA

Briefs
Election 'Irregularities' Cited
Government Against Namibia Interim Plan

10

12

12

13
13



UPRS~SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

ZIMBABWE

RLO TINTO REFINERY BACK IN BUSINESS
Harare THE HERALD in English 11 Apr 85 p 1
[Article by Lynda Loxton] : : Foy

[Text] RIO TINTO Zimbabwe will reopen its Eiffel Flats base metals refinery
in July after keeping it on a care and maintenance basis for over a year.

Operations were halted in late 1983 after BCL of Botswana notified Rio Tinto
that it could no longer supply nickel/copper matte to the refinery because of
other contractual arrangements. Extensive efforts by the group and the Minis-
try of Mines to find an alternative source of supply failed.

An agreement has now been reached between Centametall AG and the Empress
Nickel Mining Company Ltd (ENMC), a wholly owned subsidiary of Rio Tinto Zim-
babwe, under which ENMC will toll refine, on behalf of Centametall, 10 500
tonnes of nickel/copper matte a year from BCL. ‘The agreement will run for a
minimum of 10 years.

The agreement is subject. to the termination of BCL's existing refining con-
tract with Amax Nickel Inc. of America and requires ‘the agreement of lenders
to the BCL project. Final approvals are expected by the end of April and ENMC
has already started refurbishing work at Eiffel Flats.

Centametall AG of Switzerland handled the sale of metals produced at the
refinery until the 1983 closure and has had links with BCL for some. years.

In his annual report released last week, Rio Tinto's chairman, Mr Douglas
Sagonda, said the closure of the refinery had resulted in a 25 percent fall in
group sales.

Because of the high Zimbabwe dollar price for gold, this had jnot affected
profitability--which rose slightly to just over $6 million--but the group was
aware of the need too seek "new avenues of investment to ensure our survival

in the future", said Mr Sagonda
"One such avenue is to look very closely at our operations currently under

care and maintenance whenever possible to revitalise these investments. In
this regard we renewed our efforts in late 1984 to secure nickel/copper matte

140



In Dlamini, Soweto, "50 criminals, using the present unrest situation as an
excuse, robbed a milk delivery vehicle of three cases of milk this after-
‘noon."'

At Alexandra, a meat delivery vehicle had been attacked and then robbed of
its contents, its driver slightly injured.

cso; 3400/83

101



JPRS-SSA-g5-0,
04.
17 May 1985

NAMIBIA

SWAPO MEMBER LUBOWSKI LOSES DEFENSE FORCE RANK ©
MB221205 Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 22 Apr 85 p 11

[Text] Windhoek~-Windhoek SWAPO member, Mr Anton Lubowski, has been stripped
of his commission in the South African Defence Force.

Mr Lubowski, a member of the Windhoek Bar, held the rank of second lieutenant.
He said on Saturday he had been informed, in a telegram received on Friday,
that the South African State President had decided in terms of the Defence Act
to cancel his officer's rank with effect ftom 12 April.

Mr Lubowski, 33, said the telegram was a follow-up to a letter from the State
President's office, sent to him last month while he was away on a visit to
Geneva.

The letter referred to a statement in a news report made by Mr Lubowski last
May, in which he announced his SWAPO membership, It told him to repudiate that
statement béfore 30 March or lose his commission.

"I was asked by a newspaper whether I would fight for SWAPO or South Africa
if called upon to do so.

"My reply was that as a Namibian patriot I would fight for SWAPO, because
South Africa's military occupation of Namibia is illegal and I saw it as ny
duty to drive South Africa out of the country.

"I stand by that statement," he said.

Mr Lubowski said he was pleased to be "rid of “it, because I emphatically re-
ject being part of the SADF."

He obtained his military rank while doing national service in 1971 after
finishing school,

cso: 3400/81

61



hospital. This was said by the district nutrition officer, Mrs. Esther
Mativo, who said 12 nutrition centre in the district were admitting an
estimated 3,000 severely malnourished children each week. According to Mrs.
Mativo, children taken to the nutrition centre are screened and those severe-
ly malnourished and the mildly malnourished are admitted for further medical
checkups. Under the programme which was opened in mid-January this year,
over 8,000 children are taken care of and the number is increasing. Beans
flour, oil and sugar are given to mothers for feeding their families each
week in addition to family planning advice. [Text] [Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES
in English 13 Apr 85 p 3]

cso:  3400/080

47



Younger (under 34) skilled workers were very much opposed to the new labor
dispensation. Of this group, 87.6 percent reject the dispensation, while only
12.4 percent agree with it. Rejection among Afrikaans-speakers in this group
is even larger: 93.0 Percent express their opposition to it.

Among the reasons given for dissatisfaction were the fact that white skilled
workers are being replaced by blacks, blacks are being promoted to. higher
positions in the hierarchy, more and. more unqualified blacks are being. hired
for white positions, as well as the fact that employers are cooperating in
bringing about the downfall of whites.

Eighty percent of ‘the respondents were of the opinion that certain positions
should be reserved for particular racial groups. .Only 12.5. percent did not
agree, while 7.5 percent were undecided. Of the skilled workers with Afrikaans
or Afrikaans and English as the language used at home, 88.3 percent. were in
favor of work reservation. Almost 77 percent of the technicians agreed with
them. : bes

White workers are strongly opposed to the hiring of non-white skilled workers
and equality.on the job. They were asked the following three questions in

this regard.

Will you personally. find it acceptable for your. employer to hire qualified
skilled workers and technicians from other Population groups?

Do you think that the white workers of the organization where you work accept
qualified skilled workers and technicians of other. population groups as their
equals? .

Will you personally object ‘to working with blacks on equal footing?

Almost 54 percent of. the respondents expressed their. opposition to the hiring
of blacks as skilled workers. Opposition to blacks as technicians is even
greater: 58.1 percent.

White workers are overwhelmingly opposed to the hiring of non-whites as their
equals. Only 6.8 percent are in favor of this, while 72.5 percent condemn it.

White skilled workers and technicians obviously feel strongly about labor
equality. Of those opposed to it, 75.1 percent said that they are prepared
to quit if that happens. Skilled workers as a group feel even more strongly:
79.4 percent will. quit, compared to 63.4 percent of the technicians. The
report states that no difference emerged’ among. language groups in this regard.

Among the reasons given for quitting were the fact that whites will never work
on equal footing with blacks, blacks do not produce the same standard of work
as whites, as well as the fact that history shows that conflict arises when
whites and blacks work on the same level.

96



JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

GHANA

BRIEFS

REHABILITATION OF MANGANESE PLANT--Ghana has been granted a loan of about 6
million pounds sterling by the European Investment Bank to rehabilitate and,
replace some of the old machinery and equipment of the Ghana National
Manganese Corporation at Nsuta to enable it to increase production for ex-
ports. The million pounds of the loan is to be used to bring in new machinery
to replace the top portions of the washing plan at the mines. [Excerpt]
[Accra Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 29 Apr 85 AB] :

cso: 3400/070

21



Beti and Ndokobo, 18 and 26 kilometers south of Doba, the peasants retain a
bitter memory of that "psychological" action, however: "The Goranes come, fire
in the air to scare us off and then steal the millet."

The inhabitants of Beti, whose village was burned three times in 2 years, tell
countless tales of the bloody and often blind repression waged by the Chadian
"regular" army. They also complain, in addition to’ the drought, of the diver-
sion of food sent as aid: "The international aid arrived in Doba. We saw it
with our own eyes, but we never touched it with our hands." Some 40 kilometers
away; in the village of Bodo, one of the last hotbeds of resistance in eastern
Logone, the "codos" are reportedly ready to "come out" (rally) "if their safety
is assured," the villagers told us.

Many have agreed to lay down their arms or, more precisely, to join the FANT

in order, in their turn, to "pacify" other underground fighters in other depart-
ments, especially Sao, Ngarkada, Baitolum and Kolingar, who led the "green
codos" and who is now zone commander in eastern Logone. These are all names of
codo leaders mentioned in the south who have measured the determination of the
FANT and felt that the: time had come to leave the bush. Others still resist,
such as Lieutenant Colonel Kotiga or Major Nadjita, who, according to the
Comchef, have their own cottonfields, the former in the region of Danamadji and
the latter in Moissala, careful not to forbid the harvest.

3,000 Codos?

How many are there? On 1 April, repeating Itno's estimates, Habre gave the
figure of "3,000 codos who have surfaced." Such an affirmation must be taken
as relative, insofar as the groups of defectors are made up of real armed sol-
diers but also peasants who are not. "The young people often have but one
solution," says one priest, "which is to go join the codos. Here, they have
nothing to do." Sometimes, entire villages (with women and children), which
had been ruled by a handful of underground soldiers, defect in the hope of
being paid for ‘their capitulation.

"Innocent people paid for the fighting with their own blood.... It is a

phase that we are going through. We are going to make up for these inadequa-
cies" of the FANT. While recognizing the "blunders" committed by his troops
against the civilian population, the Comchef says that those responsible:
"isolated elements," according to Itno, have been punished: "In Doba and Sahr,
there have been public executions." According to him, the integration of the
northerners in the south has been gradual: "There are Goran soldiers who marry
southern girls." And yet, when one sees the rejection of the Goranes by the
southerners --.5 percent of the Chadian population but the spearhead of the
army -- one has_to believe that there are not many. such unions.

In a way, however, the sweeps made by the FANT in the south are. understandable.
The Chadian Army does not have the quartermaster corps of the French soldiers in
Manta. Outside of a half-pay (15,000 CFA francs? a month), the Chadian soldier
receive the PGA (general food bonus), which is 100 CFA francs a day, for their
daily diet (bowl of rice or millet). They also receive a little sugar,. tea and
oil. They have to meet the rest of their needs, meaning that in practice,

7



OPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

POLICE REPORT SCATTERED UNREST IN EASTERN CAPE
MB251905 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1556 GMT 25 Apr 85

[Text] Pretoria, 25 Apr (SAPA)--Vehicles came under attack, two people were
injured, and several arrests were made in scattered unrest in the eastern
Cape and elsewhere in the country, police said in a "situation report" telexed
to SAPA this evening from the SAP Public Relations Division in Pretoria.

At Veeplaas a group of blacks damaged a police vehicle in a stone--throwing
incident. "Yo avoid further damage and to restore order police used tear-
smoke, and when this was not effective they fired with a shotgun, to disperse
the group," the police report said. A 20-year-old man, one of the stone~
throwers, was slightly wounded.

"Small groups of arsonists continuéd with attempts to create anarchy. At
Veeplaas four of them destroyed a private vehicle after first spraying it
with petrol. At Kwazakele, four others poured petrol in a bus and then set
it alight. Minor damage was caused, In the same township, 40 anarchists
first hurled petrol bombs at a private home, starting a fire," it said.

The group had also hurled a petrol bomb at a vehicle, setting it alight. On
the arrival of police, the group had fled. Policemen giving chase were fired
on by one of the group, it said, adding that police returned fire with shot-
guns. It said five men had been arrested. ‘here had been no injuries.

At Blikkiesdorp, near Uitenhage, “two black anarachists poured petrol over a
pfivate vehicle before setting it alight," causing extensive damage,

At Sebokeng, about 50 youths had stoned private vehicles... In one incident
a white woman had been slightly injured. In another incident, the driver of
a vehicle had fired at stone-throwers. There had been no reported injuries
and no police intervention. .

“Even Ratanda near Heidelberg was not immune to the work of agitators," the
police report said. "Where a group of about 250 decided to try and overthrow
law and order by stoning the development board building, damaging the building
as well as the vehicle parked on the premises. ‘They then became less dis-
criminate and proceeded to stone a private house, causing extensive damage."
It said 10 blacks then threw a petrol bomb at a police vehicle. The police
arrested six of them.

100



FRENCH AMBASSADOR VISITS METEOROLOGICAL CENTER--French Ambassador to Bissau and
Madame Louis Bouroux recently visited the National Meteorological Service,
according to a note from the main office of that establishment to NO PINTCHA.
During an exchange of views, the French diplomat promised his support and French
cooperation to obtain aid that this establishment needs. The Ambassador was
received by the director of the Meteorological Services, Comrade Antonio Martins
Pereira, and by Antonio Lopes, a high official of that service in whose company
he visited the installations and was informed as to the operations and needs

of the establishment. [Text] [Bissau NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 27 Feb 85 p 6]
11634

cso: 3442/207

29



UPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

SWAZILAND

MINISTER SAYS SWAZIS SHOULD EMULATE CHINESE
MB180554 Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 17 Apr 85

[Text] the minister of labour and public service, Mr Mblangano Matsebula,
has returned home with colourful impressions of the Republic of China where
he ..went on a 10-day visit.

Speaking during a press conference, the minister said he had been officially
invited by the Government of the Republic of China to take a view of the struc-
ture of its country.

Mr Matsebula said during his visit he learned that the people of China were ~
hard workers who put much decication in working rather than having leisure
time. We said that he discovered that though China is a densely populated
country, its agriculture to progressive, such that, she has to export the
surplus. [sentence as published] He was referring to rice, which is a stable
crop of the country. He pointed‘out that China owes all that to her dedicated
and hard working people. He stated that the soils in China are poor but
despite this that people make miraculous harvest because they are skilled in
agriculture.

He stated that the Chinese do not give themselves tine to rest but keep them~
selves busy with work because they know that agriculture is the backbone of
their country. ‘the minister said during his visit he also went to places such
as private and government companies. He said he also learnt that the constitu~
tion of the country is strict and the people stick to it.

He pointed out that China has become a rich country because her people are
loyal to their government and dedicated to working without having to be pushed
from behind.

He concluded by saying that if Swazis could copy from the Chinesé and” make ‘use
of its soils it could be a progressive country.

cso: 3400/82

110



cso:

3400/064

modities during the last_ month,
the bulletin said most com-
modities were cheaper except for
potatoes, cabbage and. onions.
Wheat averaged at 35/12 per
kilo, sorghum 16/83 per kilo
round potatoes 20/97 per kilo
and finger millet 24/39 per kilo.
Fresh cassava sold on the
average at 138/98 per tin, dried
cassava 150/96 per tin, dried
beans 33/58 per kilo, cowpeus
32/85 per kilo, onions 30/54 per
Kilo, tomatoes 26/48 per kilo,
cooking bananas 2/57 per
banana, cabbage 20/30 per kilo,
oranges 2/47 per kilo and
coconuts 14/36 per nut.

131



Of course official spokesmen in Maputo incline to the explanation of . the
country's being a victim and stepchild. Nowhere, .they say, had colonialism
lasted so long (500 years). No other country had set its colonies free so
unprepared as Portugal. Zimbabwe with its 7} million population, for example,
had 12,000 black college graduates when it achieved independence--Mozambique,
all of 2 engineers, 3 agronomists, 5 veterinarians and 36 physicians for a
population of 12 million. Without infrastructure or trained personnel,
Mozambique was furthermore confronted with the world economic crisis, the oil
price explosion and the rapid deterioration of its terms of trade. In 1975, a
new truck cost the equivalent of 5 tons cotton compared with 13 tons now. ‘The
country was also subjected to a Western aid and credit boycott for many years,
due to its chosen Marxist approach to development.

Officials also point to South Africa's destabilization efforts, . which have
turned increasingly aggressive since 1980 and the end of the civil war .in
Rhodesia. They resulted in the loss of the formerly profitable South African
transit trade via the port of Maputo, which declined to only 16 percent of its
1974 volume. Also reduced from roughly 120,000 to 40,000 was the quota of
Mozambique miners employed in South African mines, involving the. loss ; of
valuable foreign exchange these miners had sent home. And, not least, . they
resulted in Pretoria's patronage of the increasingly active guerrilla movement
in the interior of Mozambique, the Mozambique National Resistance (RNM). The
“South African Plague" was, moreover, accompanied by the drought, flooding and
tornadoes of 1980-1984, which administered the final blow to Mozambique's
economy. os

Admittedly, .the "People's Republic of Mozambique" passed through 10 harrowing

years. It is not easy to be the offspring of a weak colonial power such as

Portugal which could not offer any help or impulse for .. development.

Revolutionary Mozambique, governed by FRELIMO--headed by state and party, chief

Samora Machel--lacked the reserves to cope with the blows of a capricious

fate, deal with the exodus of the 220,000 Portuguese and unavoidable errors in

its early development. Indeed, . so many serious mistakes were committed that.:
long-time Western observers ascribe the miseries of Mozambique "very. largely

to its own faults." a . a

The economic decline of a small industrialist (one of the. few whites who
remained in the country after, independence in 1975) illustrates the general
disarray. His soap and toothpaste factory is not “within the. plan". and —
therefore _ does not receive any.allocation of, raw materials and spare. ,.parts.
It has been shut down for a year, but the workers may not be discharged,.. and |
he must continue to pay them. He also had a tannery which no, longer produces
anything either, because he did not get an import license. for the tanning
substances made of bark. . Though he never. left Mozambique, one of his. sawmills:
near Maputo was confiscated without compensation, consequent on a law on the
expropriation of absentee owned property. His other sawmill in the northern
city Beira operates at only 5. percent capacity, due to the lack of lumber and
diesel fuel. He tried to establish a firm for processing scrap, but this.
constantly had to cease operations as the result) of the fuel . shortage...
Enterprise internal salary raises and Christmas bonuses are . forbidden...
Workers may be provided only by the Ministry of Labor in distant Maputo,

53



Police in Fingo used tearsmoke and rubber bullets to disperse a mob of about
1,000 people who stoned their vehicle. Tearsmoke and rubber bullets were
also used in other incidents in Fingo and Tanje Townships. A policeman's
home in Bedford, also in the:eastern Cape, was damaged by fire. No one was
home.

A SAP/SADF patrol in Tinus Township, near Fort Beaufort, was "forced" to dis-
perse a mob of about 300 stone-throwers with tearsmoke and shotgun fire.
Also in Tinus, a man fired shots at a group stoning his home,

In Soweto's Orlando Township, near Johannesburg, a mob set fire to a house,

gutting it. Stone-throwers damaged a truck and set fire to, and destroyed,

a bus. At Alexandra, near Johannesburg, people this morning stoned and ex-

tensively damaged two homes, the statements said. People last night damaged
two buses in stonethrowing incidents at Mamelodi, near Pretoria.

Meanwhile, police have identified the charred human remains discovered last
Friday under smouldering tyres in Kwazakele as those of a black policeman,

Constable M. R. Wani, a police report said. We was allegedly attacked by a
group of blacks who stabbed him in the chest and then hacked him to pieces

before his body was set alight.

cso: 3400/83

107



Discipline

The central condition is that the government, which must serve as an example
to the country with strict controls over state expenditures, will hold to the
pasi¢ guidelines that it has accepted ‘in the. budget. ‘Financial discipline
must be applied and sustained: from above.

Inflation can then be contained, there will again be confidence in the rand,
South Africans will..again be able to save--and harmful plans such as the dis-
investment campaign will thus be countered “in the most effective way.

All that is necessary, as Minister Du Plessis stressed, is the necessary will
and dedication.

12271
cso: 3401/105

71



At the Ministry of Social Affairs, Comrade "Nino" Vieira was received by, Comrade
Col Manuel Santos, "Manecas," head of the ministry where a meeting was held,

and the President was briefed on new plans of action to be taken by that Minis-
try, as well as various solutions arrived at, especially in the field of housing.

After visiting the Bissalanca Air Base, the Major General went to the Central
Headquarters of the Border Guards where, during a meeting with the National
Commander of that Service, Col N'fore Bitna, he was briefed. on its activities
and working plans.

11634
csO: . 3442/207

23



One knows in advance that if the investigation should bring to light any
official discrepancy or police brutality, it would cause waves of renewed
propaganda. If the opposite were to happen, very few authorities abroad
would care.

However, that doesn't make it any less necessary for the truth to come out,
especially for the sake of domestic relations. If anyone is implicated in
anything at all, matters will have to take their course.

Wounds

Everything points to the fact that Judge Kannemeyer is prepared to have as
many of the proceedings as possible take place in public. That would be
very good, especially because of all the distrust and bad feelings which
have been spread so gleefully throughout the country.

The big task of healing wounds and having conditions in black neighborhoods
return to normal again is at hand. This is a tremendous challenge with
implications which can hardly be overestimated.

But this task cannot be initiated before suspicions which were created are
either removed or settled, This, together with the tremendous attack the
country is experiencing, makes the investigation of Judge Kannemeyer so
important.

Whatever the truth may be, we have once again witnessed how certain elements
in the country seize an event such as that near Uitenhage in a manner as
if they want to cause even more damage. This is the situation we are faced
with and in the midst of which the future of the country must be assured.

We must realize that these elements will use any opportunity to destroy the
basis for negotiation which the government wants to create. They want to
prevent a meaningful dialogue from getting started between the government
and the blacks.

Anxiety

The actions of the radicals are, on the one hand, aimed at making things
difficult for the government. On the other hand, they are greatly intimi-
dating moderate leaders who are prepared to talk with the government and
seek solutions together.

No matter how distressing the situation may seem in some black areas, no
matter how successful the attempt to activate formerly peaceful communities,
it is nevertheless still true that large numbers of blacks refuse to let
themselves be taken in tow.

There is a great source of good will in the country. Call it the silent
majority, call it the moderate masses who don't want the country to be
plunged into violence, but who want to create a formidable power which goes
beyond linguistic and color boundaries.

89



SOUTH AFRICA SOLDIERS TAKE QUICK MARCH OUT OF COUNTRY

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 21 Apr 85 p 6

{Article by Kim McGowan]

[Text]

cso:

NEITHER as the victors nor
as the conquered, South Afri-
can troops marched out of An-
gola this week.

And it all happened in'a
flash. °

We had hurried from the
choppers to our seats next to a
dais alongside the main road,
everyone looked expectantly
towards Angola — there was a
brief lull.

Then the soldiers appeared.
The salute was taken by the
Chief of the Defence Force,
General Constand Viljoen, and
the columns disappeared down
the road. It was over in about
half an hour,

An extremely brief Press
conference was given, after
which we immediately flew
back to Pretoria.

Interviews with senior South
African and Angolan military
men were not permitted, inter-
views with the troops were im-
possible and there was not a

3400/90

i

‘single mémber of the local

population in sight.

The soldiers who left this
week looked nothing like the
motley bunch who‘first went

into Angola under a heavy~

cloak of secrecy in 1975.
As a member of a. South
African infantry battalion at

that time, I had been flown to a ©

little town called Luso, in the
middle of Angola. We were the
first uniformed troops to go in.
All around the airport build-
ing were battle-weary, bearded

“South Africa soldiers. They had

been there for some time.
Their long hair, green merce-
nary uniforms, canvas sneak-
ers and captured weapons gave
them a menacing air.

They had fought their way
from the Namibia border.

At the Press conference this
week, Gen Viljoen said: “I sin-
cerely hope we will never have
to cross the border again.”

JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

ANGOLA


JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

TERMS, EFFECTS OF NEW BUDGET DISCUSSED
Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans.19 Mar 85 p 14
[Editorial: "The Sweet and Sour of the Budget"

[Text] Yesterday's budget is going to deal.a hard blow to the average South
African. And it is not going to accelerate recovery in the economy. On the
contrary, the opposite is-true. The considerable increase in taxes will un-
doubtedly have a subduing effect on an.economy that is already very shaky.

Things will thus become even more debilitated before they begin to improve.
However, there was no alternative. Confidence in the government's ability

to rescue the country’ from its. present economic problems. has reached a low
point. A gap in confidence has developed, and yesterday's budget was to be
a very important indicator of the extent to which the goverment was actively
seeking to regain credibility.

The goverment had to first of all provide proof that it is completely serious
in curbing its spending. The steps to. reduce the compensation packages of
civil servants had to.be followed by tangible proof of complete discipline.

In this regard, progress was definitely made. The state is going to hold its
spending well in check, and the machinery has been created to maintain this
discipline straight through the year.

However, the rise in state expenditures is still.considerable, and the money
for this must be found somewhere. There are necessary expenditures such as

in education and defense where cuts cannot be made. Here as well, the govern-
ment has chosen the undesireable alternative of raising taxes considerably.
But thanks to the general sales tax [AVB], it is able to distribute the burden
widely.

The fact that the government did not yield to pressure to again impose the AVB
on basic food items can only be welcomed. A large portion of the population,

especially the lower income groups, are at the moment experiencing great hard-
ship, and for them there is at least the scant consolation that this food will

not be taxed for now.

72


the Presidential Council's projections, and to approximately 180 million in
the second half of the next century.. In terms. of. water supplies alone, he
said, the country will not be able to support more than 80 million people.

And what of other vital things, such as food production, housing, employment
and medical and other necessary services?

President Botha said that the primary goal of the recently announced population
development program is to raise the standard of living of all people in South
Africa, because this is the one factor that can keep population growth in
check. Social and economic development in all communities, with the emphasis
on éducation and training programs, is thus a high priority. :

Of course, it is questionable whether this alone is going to be enough or
whether it is going to halt the process in time. In some other countries,
such as China, drastic steps have been taken to. halt the increase in popula-
tion, such as compulsory sterilization after two children. In South Africa,
the country's particular ethnic composition makes this a very sensitive matter.
However, it is possible that there will ultimately be no other. alternative
than to take drastic action against people who produce too many children,
because it could become a matter of survival--for all of our people.

Of course, this is no consolation, but it is appropriate to note that large
parts of the rest of the world have an.even greater problem than South Africa.
A private research group in Washington has estimated that the world population
in the middle of. last» year stood at more than 4.7 billion--an increase of
nearly 85 million over the previous year. If the present rate of growth con-
tinues, there will be 6 billion people by the end of the century. Africa,

the report stated, has a higher rate of. population growth than any other con-
tinent--45 births per 1,000, compared with 15 per 1,000 in North America, for
example. Kenya has the highest rate of increase in the world with 53 births
per 1,000 people, followed by Malawi and Niger with 51 births each.

The present hunger situation in Ethiopia; Somalia and the Sudan, with the
accompanying misery, has dramatically illuminated the consequences of over-~ ' :
population. The possibility of meeting the same fate in South Africa must

be prevented at all costs. .

12271
csO: 3401/105

78



Dual Citizenship Applicants Need Not Inform Foreign Country
(THE HERALD, 11 Apr 85)....cecececcescccctsccvcsesucneeses 139

Rio Tinto Refinery Back in Business
(Lynda Loxton; THE HERALD, 11 Apr 85)....ssseeececeeeceees 140

Briefs
New Name Changes 142



A 22-year-old man was arrested in Fingo Township, Grahamstown, when police
fired tearsmoke and birdshot to disperse groups of people stoning councillors’
homes.

On the Witwatersrand, a man was arrested yesterday afternoon when a group
stoned a police vehicle in the Rand Park Ridge area.

At Langa, near Uitenhage, a black policeman "was attacked by ‘a itob of blacks"
and chased. He fired on the mob "in self defence, wounding a 26-year-old
black male," the report said. A man was in hospital under guard.

Meanwhile, in Cape Town, the minister of law and order, Mr Louis le Grange,
told parliament 217 people had died and more than 10,000 people were arrested
during unrest since the beginning of September last year. A further 751
people were injured, he said. :

Mr Le Grange accused the United Democratic Front of using violence in an at-
tempt to make the country ungovernable. Mr Le Grange said the unrest at
schools and in various parts of the country was "causing concern" and the
revolutionary climate had "shown itself in a new light." .

Police "situation reports" today also revealed incidents of unrest in the
Free State, eastern Cape and Transvaal. Arsonists in Graaff-Reinet's
Asherville coloured township yesterday set fire to the restaurant of a member
of the representative council. The extent of damage was not known, a police
report said.

IU Bonsane Township, near Bedford in the eastern Cape, a woman was wounded
when a policeman fired at about 200 people who were stoning his house, the
report said.

At New Brighton, near Port Elizabeth, four men tried to attack a policeman's
home yesterday, but he shot at them and they.fled.

In the Bontrug township of Kirkwood, about 50 blacks were dispersed with tear-
smoke and rubber bullets after they stoned a police vehicle. At Adelaide and
Kirkwood arsonists caused extensive damage to a private vehicle and a develop-
ment board building.

At Rocklands, near Bloemfontein, three buses were "extensively damaged" by
stone~throwing mobs.

In Bothaville in the northern free state, police were called to disperse about
400 scholars at the Mophate school who gathered in the school grounds and re-
fused to disperse. The scholars started stoning the police who then dispersed
them with quirts and rubber bullets.

In Wolmaransstad Township, near Potschefstroom, about 300 stone-throwing

blacks caused extensive damage to the administration board office and the homes
of school principals. The mobs fled when police arrived, the report said.

106



[Answer] I believe that foreign opinion on South Africa has never at any point
been as negative as it is now.

This foreign attitude is due to two factors: first of all, the unenlightenment
about South Africa that has existed for years; secondly, the fact that other
countries cannot understand why something like this can still be. happening
given the reports of constitutional reforms. and promises of reform.

It is for them almost impossible to comprehend that there are people inside
and outside our borders who feel that their unconstitutional objectives will

be frustrated by reform.

It is for foreigners almost impossible to accept that there are in fact groups
in South Africa that will make use of every possible opportunity to create
disruption and chaos and to foment unrest at the expense of those whose inter-
ests they purport to be serving.

Yet there are signs that leaders such as President Ronald Reagan and Malcolm
Rifkin, British undersecretary for foreign affairs, understand that there are
also dangerous elements busy at work in the South African situation. However,
I think that this sort of understanding is not representative of foreign
opinion--anything but.

Should the unrest in South Africa continue and increase in intensity, the false
image of South Africa prevalent in other countries will only grow worse. This
is why it is important that the government get an upper hand on the unrest as
quickly as possible--thus, its most recent actions.”

Unfortunately, there are too few people who realize that this sort of seem-
ingly drastic action is in fact necessary in a’ situation like ours in order
to promote democratic development, the well-being of all and a growing recog-
nition of human dignity.

12271
cso: 3401/111

76



JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

SOUTH AYRICA

RAPPORT DEFENDS INTERIM NAMIBIA PLAN
NB290957 Johannesburg RAPPORT in Afrikaans 21 Apr 85 p 14
(Editorial: “South-West Africa")

[Text] The decision of the government to grant internal self-government to
the people of South-West Africa must be seen against the background of a lack
of progress to implement Security Council Resolution 435.

The presence of large numbers of Cuban soldicrs, especially in southern
Angola, remains the main stumbling block. This deadlock already existed in
1978 when South Africa and the majority of the South-West African internal
parties accepted Resolution 435. In 1982 the Reagan Administration said it
would remove this stumbling block, but. it is clear that no progress has been
made. .

As a matter of fact, there are reports that. the American administration. is
strongly considering accepting partial withdrawal of Cuban troops as a compro-
mise which, naturally, South Africa will not accept.

Most countries, including the United States, believe that South Africa's.ad—
ministration of South-West Africa is illegal, but everyone expects South
Africa to bear the territory's administrative and security costs.

Now the Multiparty Confererice [MPC] has asked for internal self-government
which is much more representative of the people of the territory than:the
former Democratic Turnhalle Alliance [DTA] regime. Nevertheless, the Western
contact group was so concerned about this that they could not wait for the
government's reaction to thé request. ‘The five Western powers have reminded
the government in advance of its undertaking that South-West Africa can only
become independent by virtue of Resolution 435.

In reply to the HPC the government reaffirmed its undertaking regarding
Resolution 435. The following is no unilateral declaration of independence
the administrator general will approve all legislation; South Africa will con-
tinue to negotiate on South-West African independence.

The deadlock on the Cuban presence cannot continue indefinitely. South Africa

cannot continue paying to administer and protect the territory while it is
blamed for everything.

‘102



This is nevertheless an apt description of the policy of ‘a party which has
already proven that its anger against the NP often weighs more heavily than
the progress which might be made by far-leftists. To this party this is

clearly not a matter of important national isques.

8700
cso: 3401/106

87



were herded together, deported to the jungles of the northern province Niasa
and left to their fate--a. death sentence for many. Manuel Vieira Pinto, the
courageous archbishop of Nampula,. who had taken the side of FRELIMO and the
struggle for independence in: Portuguese times, did not mince words in his 1984
Advent sermon. He excoriated “abuse of power," “terrorization,"
“intimidation,” “contempt for people," “massacres of innocent or suspect
persons and entire village communities."

The message was heard. Samora Machel, 52, the son of a Methodist minister,
“@atholic convert and trained nurse, is no. Stalinist. nor doctrinaire, in fact
‘not a Kremlin courtier at all. His Marxism-Leninism is profoundly African and
‘nationalist. As one of his intimates confided: "For him socialism is no
ideology, it is quite simply the benign and good aspect of the world." He
aims for balance, outside as well as inside. Corrections of the political
“line are not alien to this man of the pragmatic center.

He- is thus trying now--rather belatedly--to wrench ‘the rudder around.
“#Qperation output" was abandoned, the establishment of armed villages largely
halted. ‘Samora Machel personally and enthusiastically launched a "legality
“offensive against growing ‘uncertainty under .the law and police arbitrariness.
Within the ‘scope of a "political offensive," the state and party chief loudly
* and” clearly read the riot act to the state and party apparatus: "Immobilism,
“incompetence; irresponsibility, lack of discipline, graft, profiteering,

“. -eorruption."

With disarming frankness, ministers in Maputo are now beating their breasts

“anid confess serious mistakes: "We decided on short cuts to textbook
socialism, ‘and that was wrong," admits Information Minister Jose Luis Cabaco.
"We need instead our own solutions, custom made for our reality." He

‘describes how the plan disaster in farming came about "in the exuberance of
the feeling of independence": “Enormous investments in highly - mechanized
state farms--it all looked so good on paper. We succumbed to the magic of the
‘ideal and’ the plan studies. We forgot the vital role of management and
technical maintenance, which was beyond us.“ Cabaco then sketched the tedious
‘¥oad from perception of the problem to the "review of principle and strategy"
‘and, finally, the "reversal of the development process." This had at last
been come about at the Fourth Party Congress in spring 1983, following 3 years
of tough internal party discussions.

Smooth Change of Line
This Fourth FRELIMO Congress decided on a crucial realignment:

-- Diminution of the unduly large and. unprofitable state farms, distribution
of the ‘land ‘so released to private and family farmers.

-- Extensive réinforcement of family farms ' (higher -prices for . produce, .
technical aid and loans, better supplies of consumer goods). The . slogan
presented by deputy Minister of Agriculture Francisco Pateguana says: . "Let us
fight hunger first, after that we can pursue collectivization." He added,

55



JPRS-SSA-85-042°
17 May 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

GERMAN ANALYST SEES NO RELIEF FROM ECONOMIC DESPERATION
Hamburg DIE ZEIT in German 22 Mar 85 pp 9-10
[Article by Andreas Kohlschuetter, datelined Maputo, end of February; "A Void

Filled with Hunger and Blood ~ State Chief Samora Machel Finds no Way out of
the Vicious Circle of Poverty and War"]

[Text] “Welcome to Mozambique--Liberated Zone of Mankind": This poster
adorns the airport terminal at Maputo. Liberated from what? The answer is
not hard to find: From the Portuguese colonial regime and centuries of white
domination. Liberated for what purpose? That question remains. Empty
spaces yawn in present-day Maputo, behind the crumbling facades of
colonial villas, lush gardens, handsome avenues, skyscrapers and splendid
business districts. The impoverishment of this once flourishing port city

Laurenco Marques is so all pervasive as to make the city remarkable again.
Gazing at the enormous spaces of the 3-floor John Orr Department Store is much
like viewing a surrealist museum. The merchandise on offer is limited to a
few pencils from the Eastern Bloc, some ball point replacements, domestic
brass trinkets and--the February sales sensation--a pile of red plastic balls.
A long line formed in front of it. Available in January were uniform-like
women's skirts, in January men's pants. Nothing else.

A gray haired cashier on the first floor points at empty shelves and
showcases, at unclothed mannequins, and remembers: "In the old days
everything here was full to overflowing with customers and merchandise." Now
all she does is stand around and wait for 8 endless and solitary working
hours: "It has been like that ever since 1978. I have lost hope; nothing is
going to change in my lifetime."

The public supply has completely collapsed. Maputo goes hungry. That applies
to the junior clerk in the ministry, correctly attired with a tie, who
effusively thanks us before putting our gift of vacuum packed dried meat into
his attache case. It applies to the small barefoot boy who knocks at doors at
night in the districts where the privileged and diplomats reside, uttering

only the one word: "Bread." The official rations--2} kg rice, 2 kg maize
flour, 1 kg sugar, 1 liter vegetable oil and 1 piece soap per family and
month--last 20 days at best. Even though extra rations are issued from time

to time--matches, beans or sardines--, international: aid organizations

51



JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

ELECTION 'IRREGULARITIES' CITED--A member of the Botswana National Front
[BNF], Mr Willie Seboni, has said the Botswana parliament should be dis-
solved and the president should call fresh elections, because of what he
called election irregularities in 1984. Mr Seboni, who joined the opposition
at the beginning of the year after failing as an independent candidate for
the Gaborone south constitutency, was speaking in Mochudi yesterday at a BNF
political rally. He specifically took issue with the investigations into the
(Tiemo) baklot box issue, whose discovery contributed to a by-election in
Gaborone South. He claimed that the findings of these investigations would
be kept away from public knowledge. Alleging that the Botswana Democratic
Party ‘could be implicated, the secretary general of the BNF, Mr Mareledi
Giddie, said his party believed that the election irregularities were not
only confined to Gaborone. [Text] [Gaborone Domestic Service in English
0510 GMT 22 Apr 85 MB] .

GOVERNMENT AGAINST NAMIBIA INTERIM PLAN--The Department of External Affairs
and all foreign missions in Botswana have agreed that the South African attempt
to install an interim government in Namibia will be counterproductive. Those
interviewed said anything that was done outside the scope of Security Council
Resolution 435 would not enjoy the approval of the international community
because it could not meet the minimum condition for reoognition. [Text]
[Gaborone Domestic Service in English 0510 GMT 25 Apr 85 MB]

MERAFHE RESPONS TO GUARDIAN CHARGES--Major General Mompati Merafhe said yes-
terday that he was not going to run the Botswana Defense Force [BDF] through
the press, In an interview with the Botswana press agency on last week's
anonymous letter which was published by the GUARDIAN newspaper, Mr Merafhe
said they were looking into the matter internally to try to establish who the
author of the letter was. The major general said that while he did not want
to respond to anonymous letters, the views expressed in that letter were not
shared by all members of the BDF, saying that they treat it with the contempt
it deserves, In the letter, which the GUARDIAN headlined "An open letter to
the Major General," the author alleged that BDF soldiers were staying and
working under a complete state of fear, that the soldiers were working under
heavy physelogical tension, and also that BDF soldiers were the most frus-
trated group of people working for the central government. The author also
questioned what he called the powers of the major general of denying some BDF
soldiers their right to own property through the motor vehicle advance scheme

13



PRESIDENT'S DIRECTIVE ON RELIGIOUS EDUCATION HAILED
Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 16 Apr 85 p 20

[Article by Job Githinji]

[Text]

cso:

3400/079

RELIGIOUS ‘denominations.
yesterday hailed President
Daniel.arap Moi for his direc-
tive that religious studies .be
made compulsory in the 8-4-4
education system.

In his. congratulatory
message, the secretary general
of the. Kenya Catholic
Secretariat; Father Maurice
Lwanga , “*l thank Presi-
dent Moi-for making religious.

education in school. a com--
“pulsory. subje

“He hailed the President on
behalf.of the Kenya Episcopal
Conference, the entire church
in Kenya and those involved.in
réligious education in Kenya.

“We shall continue to.work
in educating our children’to
havea. deep committed faith in
our religious beliefs to enable
our chi children to be secure’’, he

Another congratulatory
message came from the Direc«
tor of Education of the
Supreme Council. of Kenya,
Mr. A. H. Eldusaidu, on,
behalf of’ the Council.

He said religion formed.the
basis. of a society.

On behalf of the: National
Council of Churches of
Kenya, NCCK, the. secretary
general, Mr. John: Kamau,
said the council’s views’ were
known ‘that education. and.
family life education go hand.
in hand. -

He said life would be emp-
ty; dry .and materialitic
without religious: education.

42

JPRS~SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

KENYA


JPRS-SSA~85-042
17 May 1985

KENYA

BRIEFS

LIBERATION BUREAU STILL OPEN--The central bureau of the Northern Frontier
District Liberation Front in Mogadishu is still open and staffed by 28 activ-
ists, including the organisation's president Degoh STANBUL, his brother and
former aide Omar Mohamed Maalim STANBUL, said when he surrendered to the
Kenyan authorities recently. Some 350 members of the front, branded as
"shiftas" by the Nairobi government, have so far responded to the offer of
amnesty made by Kenya last September. The vice-president of the NFDLF, Wako
Hapi TARO, gave himself up almost immediately the amnesty was declared.
1.0.N.--This statement by Omar STANBUL indicates that, contrary to what offi-
cial sources said in Mogadishu, the NFDLF office there was not closed after
the visit of Kenyan president Daniel arap MOI to the Somali capital last
July. And although the situation appears calmer in Kenya's Somali-populated
regions there is persistent trouble further west in Marsabit district, where
on February 18 cattle rustlers said to belong to the Amarkoke tribes killed
40 people and stole 3,800 cattle, camels and goats. Several rustlers were
killed when police intervened. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in

English 6 Apr 85 p 3]

ALLOCATION OF FRENCH AID-~A new financial understanding between France and
Kenya signed in Paris on March 26 during a visit by Kenyan finance minister
George SAITOTI covers projects worth 425 million francs. Of this, 320 mil-
lion is for the installation of radar equipment by France's Thomson-CSF
electronics company. Of the rest, 92 million francs will go on irrigation
projects and 13 million on rural telephone communications. However the
Turckwell dam was merely the subject of an "exchange of letters" and not a
mutually agreed deal, as was suggested in a French proposal submitted by a
consortium comprising notably Sogreah, Spie-Batignolles and Neyrpic. Accord-
ing to the LETTRE AFRIQUE-ENERGIES, the French treasury offered a financial
arrangement covering 140 million of the estimated 250 million franc cost of
the project, but it appears that Kenya showed little interest for this ambi-
tious proposal. The previous such accord between Paris and Nairobi, signed
in July 1983, was worth 185 million francs. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN
NEWSLETTER in English 6 Apr 85 p 5]

MALNUTRITION CLAIMS 20 LIVES--ABOUT 20 children died of malnutrition in
Machakos district last December. And because of this the Unicef in conjunc-
tion with the Maternal Child Health and Family Planning department of Macha-
kos general hospital established a nutrition feeding programme at the

46



This open discussion can never be pursued against a background of increasing
black unrest.

[Question] Do you think that there are agitators behind the unrest who want
to nip this open discussion in the bud?

[Answer] I have no doubt that the recent unrest must be seen against the back-
ground of the state president's announcement of 25 January.

It is significant that the targets of the unrest are primarily those people
involved with local black authorities.

The state president emphasized on 25 January that the government's highest pri-
ority is to-raise the credibility of existing black authorities and to develop
them into a sophisticated system of local government.

To me it is obvious that the recent unrest was provoked precisely in order to
thwart this evolutionary constitutional step.

It is ironic that the goal of this evolutionary step by the government is in
fact to give urban blacks higher-level access to political consultation and
participation in their own right.

If the black community is intimidated away from participating in local black
government, this development simply cannot take place.

There is overwhelming evidence to the effect that the vast majority of the
inhabitants of black urban areas support this initiative by the government.
Consequently, violence and lawlessness have been resorted to by a minority of
radicals who have made it.their objective to sow chaos and who want to bring
about the collapse of any discussions with the government.

[Question]. Should we then see the current unrest in a new light?

[Answer] Previous unrest. in South Africa was basically characterized by a
black-white confrontation. Now it is in part black against black.

In view of the evidence of black support. for the government initiative which
I just mentioned, the government's most recent actions to preserve order are
welcomed by the majority of blacks. In this way, there is even noticeable
opposition among the.black community to. an element of radical criminality and
violence which seeks to block-an improvement in the standard of living of
blacks and their possible participation in political processes.

The fact that so many black council members of local government bodies and
black policemen are targets of the unrest--their houses are burned down and
they are killed--shows that blacks are divided into two camps in the eyes of
the agitators.

[Question] How do youassess the extent of foreign pressure after the unrest?

75



“Officers from the department will soon attend a course on co-operative man-
agement to be held at the Nedlaw Training Centre in Harare."

The officers would then teach and organise the people interested in joining
co-operatives.

He added that the municipality was planning to undertake various income-
generating projects to raise funds for development of the town.

Plans were under way for the establishment of a fishery at Nyakambiri Dam, the
opening of a supermarket and the setting up of a nursery to grow flowers for
export, the mayor said.

Negotiations were also in progress with the Cold Storage Commission for the
establishment of a beef. project, said Clr Shoniwa..

The council approved 770 building .plans.worth $3,1 million during its four-
year term. of office. _— . :

cS0: 3400/103 5 ' _ :

137



STAPLE FOOD PRICES DROP EASING COST OF LIVING

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 12 Apr 85 p 3

[Text]

NATIONAL average — market
prices for staple foods continued
to stabilise. after decreasing over
the past six months, indicating a
change for the better since the
prices shot up to record levels
two years ago.

According to the Marketing
Development Bureau (MDB) of
the Ministry, of Agriculture and
Livestock Development, the
1984/85 marketing year has been
characterised by a drop in prices
and that consumers may live to
see better times than last season,

A comparative index of stapic
prices for the 1983/84 aad 84/85
marketing season published in the
MDB March bulletin shows that

“the prices of maize, rice and

beans have dropped by almost
two thirds this season.

This is a. reverse to the
situation that prevailed two years
ago when maize prices more than
doubled between September 1983
and March last year, the bulletin
said, adding that prices of dried
beans and rice had been twice as
high by .the end of the season.

According to the figures, the
price of maize went up from
100/- per tin at the beginning of,
1983/84 to 300/- at the end of
the season,

They had, however, dropped to
just lower’ than 100/- per tin in
March, this year, while the
national average stabilised at
200/- per tin,

The bulletin made available to
the. Duily News in Dar es Salaam
yesterday said prices of rice had
reached 200/- per tin but dropped
to about 100/- last month while
those of beans stood at the same
margins.

130

‘From , December 1984 on-
wards... prices of food com-
moditieS| stabilised or even
decreased and the average price
of maize last month was back to
the September 84 level (199/70),”
the bulletin showed.

It indicated that rice and beans
Prices were still 25 per cent up
compared with September last
year, but that this represented
clearly a minor increase when
compared with last year’s price
levels.

Explaining further the positive
change, the bulletin said as maize
ripened in the fields in March,
and as the peasants were ex-
pecting good harvests, they were
now releasing their stock reserves
for the market.

“As a result, reserve stocks
which were being kept in case of
crop failure, are now released for
sale and greater supplies of both
dried and fresh maize reach the
market,” the bulletin elaborated.

Generaly, it said, the north-
western regions which had in the
past recorded the highest prices
for‘most commodities were’ now
having price reductions, and ‘that
prices’ paid ‘for cereals were’ in
line with those of Moshi and
Arusha,

Last month, the bulletin said,
Mara continued to be the only
region with higher prices which
were, however, lower than in the
Past. ,

The prices were also low in the
southern-highlands, slightly
higher in northern and north-east
and central areas and were
generaly up in Ruvuma and
coastal areas.

On the prices of other com-

JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

TANZANIA


more viable methods for the purchase of marketable goods in order to guarantee
the desired linkage between the city and the countryside.

In conclusion, Faustino Muteka expressed the wish that the proceedings would
be successful and that the in-depth discussion of the topics on the agenda
of the meeting might contribute to improving the people's living conditions.

Party Candidates’ Course Opened

Thirty-five candidates and members of the MPLA Party Youth (JMPLA) are
participating in the first course of the Political Instruction Center (CIP)

begun last Saturday in this city.

The 6-month course is aimed at contributing to familiarizing the new members
with the statutes and regulations that govern the operation of the party,
increasing their knowledge and exchange of ‘experiences.

8711
CSO: 3442/216



MAJOR CASH CROPS TO UNDERGO REHABILITATION

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 6 Apr 85 p 1

[Article by Mussa Lupatu]

[Text]

THE Ministry of Agriculture and
Livestock Development has.
drawn a rehabilitation
programme for eight major cash
crops under which it envisages to
increase production by between
25 and 133 per cent during the
1985/86 season.

The Daily’ News. has tearnt that
the programme — one of the ob-
jectives of the Structural Ad-
justment Programme (SAP) —
covering sisal, tea, coffee, cocoa,
cashewnuts, cotton, tobacco and
pyrethrum, also targets produc-
tion increases of between 47 and
400 per cent by 1993/94.

Based on the. Government
policy outlined in the new
agricultural policy, the’
programme aims at breaking off
constraints that have contributed
towards declined production for
the crops in recent years.

A report on the framework for
action made available to this
newspapet has singled-out low
producer prices, food shortage,
unsatisfactory crop marketing,
delayed input supplies and poor
research and extension. as the
main factors militating against the
crops.

These are, apart from those
arising from shortage of foreign
exchange, the totality of which
the programme aims at re-
dressirig and therefore break the
vicious circle of declined produc-
tion, earnings and importation of
inputs and farm machinery, the
report said,

132

Under the ~—_—rehabilitation
package, major policy and in-
stitutional changes, and a.sub-
stantial injection of financial
resources, are conceived.

Supervision and co-ordination
of the package is under the
ministry, and according to the
report, work’ on sisal, tea and
cashewnuts hag already begun
and will be followed by tobacco,
cotton and cocoa.

Support for the programme comes
from the Government, agencies and
external donors, according to the
report. Sisal is presently being funded
by the World Food Programme (WFP)
and tea by World Bank.

It is understood that the World
Bank has also agreed to fund a com-
prehensive cashewnut improvement.
Project, but the report does not in-
dicate how much the Bank has agreed
to provide. :

* The report said the Government will
seek to maintain export crops producer
prices in real terms, and strive to
reduce administrative and handling
costs of crop authorities to provide
room for improvement of producer

It would also seek to attract private
sector investment as. outlined in the
agricultural policy and further en-
courage public sector investment for
the same. _

Acknowledging thatthe impact of
‘the export crop package was so far un-
certain because the peasants response
to the measures is unknown, the
report said the Government hoped
peasants would respond favourably. if
adequate support and incentives were
given.

JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

TANZANIA


occupants were chased away, resulted from the joint actions of the Dondo and
Muanza troops.

In order to insure political and military organization of communal villages,
mobilization and’education of their inhabitants was started for the purpose of
recruiting young people whose physical abilities would permit them to carry out
military tasks, namely defense of the village against an eventual criminal
action of the bandits. This program, in view of its priority nature and
importance, continues into this year and will be extended to other places of
work and residence.

Also within the framework of defense of the fatherland, on Friday, the 14th
course of self defense was concluded. Six hundred fifty-two persons partici-
pated of whom 541 were students. On the same occasion, and at a ceremony which
coincided with the closing of the ninth session of the District Assembly,
another course, the 15th, was started, for workers in the state, cooperative and
private sectors.

11635
CSO: 3442/206

50



SWAPO Member Lubowski Loses Defense Force Rank
(RAND DAILY MAIL, 22 Apr 85)........--

Briefs
Halt to RSA Trade Requested
SWAPO Official's Anniversary Comments
French Socialists Pledge SWAPO Aid
Unions Reject Interim Rule Move

SEYCHELLES

Committee Calls for Tripartite Talks on Korean Unification
(WEEKEND NATION, 13 Apr > eee Wee eaeecrercceseeas

Lange Answers Journalists, Pledges Aid .
(SEYCHELLES NATION, 15 Apr 85).......-

Militia Praised for Discipline, Political Education
(SEYCHELLES NATION, 19 Apr 85).....cceeceeccsceccccesennce

SOUTH: AFRICA

Long-Term Benefits of New Budget Described
(awie; DIE BURGER, 20 Mar 85)...eeccenccesccecceee

Terms, Effects of New Budget Discussed
(Editorial; BEELD, 19 Mar 85)..sccsccccccececccsececseceee

Government Action in Face of Unrest Discussed
(George Barrie Interview;. DIE VADERLAND, 2 Apr 85)........

Problem of Population Growth Described
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 23 Mar 85)..ceceeeeeccececcveeeees

Press Commentary on Nkomati Accord Status’
(Various sources, various datéS)... ec cseeceeeeecectees

RSA-Mozambique Mutual Interests, Editorial
Reaffirmation of Support, Editorial’
Dangers of Military Assistance, Editorial
Conditions for Preserving Accord,’ Editorial

Status of Nkomati Accord Evaluated
(Piet Muller; BEELD, 14 Mar 85)...cceeseeeees

Conservative Party Breaks Election. Agreement

(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 21 Mar 85)....cecececsesceceeeeees

Investigation Ordered of Uitenhage Riots, Police Wrongdoing
“' (Dawie; DIE BURGER, 27 Mar 85).-.eccsecececcesscserseeees

-d-

63

64

66

69

72

77
79
79
79

80
81

83

86.

88


gether contributed positively to
their regular lives as citizens
and workers. The militia ex-
perience.was helping them be-
come more dedicated and
motivated in their civilian jobs,
they said. .

Looking at the role of young
people in the militia, Mr
Agathine, a 35-year-old rigger
with the Far East Broadcasting
Association (FEBA), pointed
out that the Seychellois
socialist revolution was a strug-
gle to create a much better soci-
ety tomorrow mainly for the
young of today. “They there-
fore have a duty to help defend
that struggle which will benefit-
them more than anyone else in
the end,” Mr Agathine said.

Mrs Watts thought that
many of today’s youths had not
really understood or felt the
hardships that their parents
and older relatives and friends
went through in the often bitter
years leading up to 1977. So
they had to be educated more
in what this struggle meant and
why the achievements of the
past eight years had to be
cherished. Mrs Watts en-
couraged more young people
to take part in the political edu-
cation classes organised by the
Branches.

All four representatives also
said they saw no reason why the
militia should be regarded as a
man’s job. Mrs Watts said she
got her inspiration from a 55-
year-old woman while one of
the men being interviewed with
her recalled that most of the
moré dynamic militants of the
revolution have been, and con-

_tinue to be women:

Deeper and wider effect

In general, the militia rep-
resentatives felt that as the
Branches motivated more

67

people, the party membership
grew and the political educa-
tion classes began to have a
deeper and wider effect, more
and more people would join
the militia.

“The more people become
‘versed in the principles, objec-
tives and needs of the revolu-
tion, the more willing they will
be to volunteer for the militia,”
Mr Agathine said.

“We asked and struggled for
our independence,” he added,
“and now we must be able to
defend and maintain it
ourselves.”

Mr Marguerite, who works
at the militia headquarters and
is 27 years old, said: “The re-
yolution has given us so much
and through the militia we are
now giving back something to
the revolution. We should not
wait to be asked to help. We
should come forward volun-
tarily.”

Mr Jacques, a 28-year-old as-
sistant producing officer at the
Ministry of Education and In-
formation, described the
militia as the eyes and ears of
the revolution. As volunteers
with civilian jobs, the militia
lived and worked among the
population in a.way that regu-
lar soldiers could’ not, he
explained.

To those who felt that they
were contributing enough
through their daily work, Mrs
Watts said that a revolution as
far-reaching as that being car-
ried out by Seychelles de-
manded much sacrifice. It as-
ked the best of people, their
courage, motivation, determi-
nation and devotion, she said.

“If we really believe in what
is being done, if we really sup-
port the struggle to build a new
society and believe it should
continue, we will find the

time,” Mr Jacques said.



JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

GUINEA-BISSAU

PRESIDENT VISITS INFORMATION SECRETARIAT
Bissau NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 27 Feb 85 p 6

[Text] In the framework of his contact visits to ministries, firms and depart-
ments of Guinea-Bissau, the president of the Gouncil of Ministets, Comrade
Joao Bernardo Vieira, visited the State Secretariat of Information and the
National Printing Office Tuesday morning.

At these offices the Chief of State was received by State Secretary for Infor-
mation Comrade Agnelo Augusto Regalla and several officials of the departments
making up that Secretariat. The Chief of State took his time inspecting the
installations of the National Printing Department accompanied by ‘its’ director
general Augusto Cesar Tolentino who explained the operations of that important
sector of support to Guinean media, a
Comrade Nino" Vieira, still accompanied Regalla, visited the editorial office
of the newspaper NO PINICHA where he was also informed of the operation of éach”
one of its sections by the managing editor of the newspaper, “Antonio Soares.

The Chief. of State also visited the ANG [GUINEA-BISSAU NEWS AGENCY] whete the
managing editor Francisco Barreto explained its operations to the President.

Following his normal activities, President "Nino" Vieira on Friday visited the
Ministry of Information and Telecommunications where during a meeting with the
head of the ministry, Musa Djass, he became acquainted with the present situ-
ation of that department. ©

After a short working meeting the PAIGC Secretary General, accompanied by Mussa
Djass and by Director General of Communications Comrade Sotero Sousa, ‘visited
the various departments of that office, especially the new telephorie and télex
installations, where he was informed about the present and future plans for ‘the
development of this important sector of Guinean telecommunications.

,

‘Later on,. Comrade President Bernardo Vieira, accompanied by members of his

civilian staff of the Presidency of the State Council, visited the Cus tonis”
headquarters .

At the. latter office, where his viist coincided with that of Minister of Finance
Comrade Victor Freire Monteiro, the President toured some departments of that
service as well as some warehouses of the Guinean Ports Autonomous Authority
where he was briefed by local officials.

22



cso:

countries. and impoverished
societies struggle... cling to
life from a very bare existence.

“Tn the end wherein lie your
priorities? Do you have a con-
cern-for people? Do you have
respect for human. integrity and
life? If. you do you put your re-
sources there. If you don’t you
might as well declare it and say
“They can all die as far as we are
concerned. We are going to
continue with our consumer-
oriented, highly _ affluent,
rather selfish societies.”

On. New Zealand’s anti
nuclear stance: “There will, in
New Zealand, be neither
nuclear-armed or powered ves-
sels, and that is a policy that
reflects our unique strategic
situation.

“T have to live in New Zea-
land with an electorate that we
made certain commitments to,
who have certain hopes, who
have a society which. is open,
very literate and politically
aware and who are sufficiently
self assured to be able to tum
away from: entirely selfish
concerns.”

On the disagreement. bet-
ween New Zealand and the USA
‘on nuclear issues: “That is un-
' derstandable given the Ameri-
can assumption of a substantial
and significant nuclear role.

“But New Zealand never
bought into a nuclear structure.
New Zealand never assumed a
command role and had no
strategic control with respect to
nuclear matters. It never took
part in nuclear exercises and

has declared again its determi-
nation to remain convention-
ally competent.

“Now that of course is a dif-
ference, but it need not be
some unholy disagreement.”

3400/086

65

On the ‘Star Wars’ issue:
“We have neither been asked
to endorse nor to participate
and have done neither and
propose to do neither.

“At the United Nations our
representative has expressed
very grave misgivings about
any: prospect of escalating the
technology of nuclear warfare
into outer space. It is.some-
thing which we are committed
against in New Zealand.”

On banning all nuclear tests
in the Pacific: “No agreement is
even hinted at by France.
France has been particularly
stubborn, quite intransigent, ut-
terly selfish. If they're (the
nuclear tests) as safe as they say
they are, they’d have-them in
France.”

On New Caledonia: “I bope
that-it will be possible for the
French to keep talking to: the
Kanak people. In the end there
is an inevitability of independ-
ence. That is a fact of
history.

“How they go through—
whether there is a gliding
through to that or whether it
arises from a great rupture of
relationships with New
Caledonia is the issue.

“I hope that there will be a
transition unaccompanied by
violence. There are still plenty
of causes to hope that that is

* possible...”

On New Zealand’s relations
with other countries: “We are a
country which will always have
close ties with Britain, Europe
and the United States. It’s part
of our legacy, our heritage —
but we're also a country which
will increasingly be involved in
our immediate Pacific thea-
tre."”



for the base metals refinery. Negotiations have been held.. .and no effort has
been spared to conclude a contract under which the refinery could reopen for a
‘minimum of ten years".

He predicted that provided the group was able to retain essential skilled
employees and that the Zimbabwe dollar gold price received remained at a rea~
sonable level it should be able to increase its earnings per share and divi-
dend per share in 1985.

Looking at the performance of gold over the last year, he said that while
prices had been disappointing in US dollar terms, "relief for the group came
‘in the form of the steadily strengthening US dollar". :

Large world stocks, lower oil prices and lower inflation rates had ensured
that there was little upward pressure on the price of gold, while the large US
budget deficit had maintained high real interest rates and attracted much of
the world's investment funds away from commodities and. into dollars.

But while gold was temporarily out of. favour with investors, it had an his-
toric record of being a satisfactory long-term investment and inflation, the
main incentive to gold investment, remained a long-term problem.

"Therefore it is reasonable to expect. some, improvement in gold prices in the
coming year. It is my feeling that gold's.linkage.with real value will ulti-
mately be restored and the price will slowly but steadily increase from the
present' low US dollar level," he said. :

’He also highlighted the fact that while North American metal producers con-
tinued to incur heavy losses because of.low metal prices, the strength of the
US dollar had encouraged developing countries to maximise production to earn
valuable foreign exchange and produce good profits in local terms.

As a Yesult, there’had been a progressive, movement recently of the world's
primary mining activity from the industrialised nations to the less developed
countries. - :

"If the dnevitability.of this move becomes widely accepted then the industry
“as a whole ‘could take on a new complexion in the next decade and we in Zim-

babwe should ensure that we are in a good position to take maximum advantage
of such ‘a’ possibility". toe : Sow

“cso: | '3400/103

141



military aid from Cuba, let alone the Soviet Union--that would be the end of
Mozambique's ambition to be an unaligned and independent neither-East-nor-West
state. Moreover, neither Russians nor Americans nor South Africans nor black
"front states" are showing the slightest interest for committing themselves
militarily in Mozambique's jungles. But all of them are interested in keeping
Samora Machel in power, and in the country itself no identifiable opposition
front to Machel seems on the horizon. He is the undisputed and charismatic
super leader.

Mozambique is a tragedy without end, "a void filled with hunger and blood," to
cite a slum priest. All revolutionary enthusiasm has vanished, everybody
seems equally paralyzed and apathetic, the government as well as the governed.
The poetically minded minister of security may well write: “Tomorrow/the
time of love will come/the time of stars/the time of humanity/tomorrow." That
does not help the situation today. Don Manuel, the sober and realistic
Archbishop of Nampula, provides the bleak answer: “People feel deceived in
their hearts and souls, disappointed, exhausted and sad."

11698
CSO: 3420/48

58



JPRS-SSA-85-042

17 May 1985
CHAD
ATTEMPTS TO 'PACIFY' SOUTH DISCUSSED
Paris LE MONDE in French 11 Apr 85 p 3
[Article by Laurent Zecchini: "'Pacification! of the South While Awaiting 0i1"]

[Text] President Habre's army has reportedly again been guilty of acts of
extortion and brutality aimed at the civilian population in southern Chad,
particularly Moyen-Chari. Accounts gathered by the AFP in Bangui (Central
African Republic) tell of the deaths of over 100 civilians near the subprefec-
ture of Maro. In addition, according to the UN High Commission for Refugees,
the number of Chadian refugees in Central Africa has increased by 25 percent
in February and March alone and is now approaching the figure of 40,000,

Sahr--The "target" is at a depth of 2,850 meters. That is where the oil is
supposed to be found. The "guide" is from Houston, Texas. Obviously, compared
with the wells lined up on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, the derrick at the
Makou site 80 kilometers northeast of Sahr, in the Kyabe region, is a tiny one,
but for Chad, it symbolizes great hope. We are in the middle of March. In the
past 3 weeks, some $2.8 million have been sunk into oil prospecting at Makou.
At $50,000 a day -- "whether you pump or not, it costs the same" -- it goes
fast, especially when one is using 7,000 tons of equipment from the United
States shipped through Douala via Cameroon.

The drilling, going 250 feet (76 meters) a day, is fast, thanks to the sedimen-
tal nature of the subsoil. It will quickly be seen whether the pocket, found
by seismic exploration, contains oil. If not, the some 30 Exxon technicians!
will move 120 kilometers further west to another site already being readied for
their arrival.

"Libyan Plan"

When Hissein Habre went to Makou on his first visit to southern Chad (LE MONDE ,
26 March), the crews, like all oil men, were extremely cautious: "We have not
found anything yet, but there are encouraging signs." These "signs," samplings
of rock and soil, are sent to Houston for analysis, In September, an overall
oil picture will be drawn up for the regions of Moyen-Chari and Salamat. Makou
is but the first in a series of six sites chosen for a new oil prospecting cam-
paign.. If there is oil in Chad in sufficient:quantities (no commercial deposit
has yet been discovered), projects tg build a pipeline to Douala and even a
refinery, with World Bank financing,“ could be seriously considered. But as
one technician said, "one would need truly enticing promises of production."

15



cso: ~3400/077

“of

subject that is very close to his
heart and that is the setting up of
a facility to undertake open-heart.

winewering questions, Mr
-Wamalwa said t! in: certain
districts fewer registratic
than necessary had been
received, while. others had
ived more than t! .
Asked whether the recent.

‘political clashes in

Ki
District hed been discussed
uring the meeting, Mr,
Warnalwa said all this had been
subsumed under the President's
advice that members should set a
good example to the community.

Mr Wamalwa said already

million people had. regis.

as Kanu members by April

target was five million,

which meant that two million
- more were still to be regi .

He explained that Kanu’s

headquarters had reported,
their monitoring, unit,

that there had been a rush for
registration in all districts and
that it was quite possible
target fi ire would be achieved.

ed how the figure had been
arrived at, Mr Wamalwa said:
“At the beginning they said there
-were nine million people eligible
to be registered. This did not
seem quite sizeable or practical so
they set six million.” *

Mr Wamaiwa explained’ that
what headquarters had done was
“to take the number of registered
voters for the 1983 elections and -
‘allow for another 10 cent

_ Hive attained the voting age (18),

‘The figure of five million thus
seemed more realistic than the

» ‘earlier one, he said.

32


consider that these rations are "below the minimum for survival." Moreover,
stocks do not always suffice for full deliveries of even this minimum.

Thé same misery is exposed in the state cooperative. Colorful advertisements
for beer and Pepsi Cola--but no bottles. A poster demonstrating the proper
cutting of beef filets--but no meat. Instead a notice board such as decorates
all butcher stores in Maputo: "No meat today:" A deliberately’ optimistic
notice, because, since 1983, the majority of the population have been able to
obtain’ meat only on the black market. A kilogram of meat costs around one
third of the average monthly wage. On the other hand, virtually everything is
available in ‘the foreign exchange store of "Interfranca" as well as in the
hidden store for prominent and senior party and government ‘officials, of
course for dollars, South African rands or special vouchers. French perfumes
and champagnes jostle Italian spaghettis, Japanese hifis, frozen fryers from
Denmark and first-class meat from South Africa.

At the same time, ordinary people search for puny cabbages, rotting pears,
pieces of sugar cane, small onions and tiny dried fish at the miserable stands
on the formerly abundantly stocked and now desolate central market at the end
of Karl Marx Avenue. Most cafes and teashops are closed--neither coffe nor
tea are to be had. In thé Scala Cafe, once the most fashionable meeting place
in Maputo, customers sit at empty tables once the unsweetened powdered milk
portions-~doled out for a few hours--are used up.

The wall of a building proclaims that "the revolution will be victorious,
socialism will triumph." Until that comes to pass, the people stand in line,
often from 3:00 am , for bread, milk,’ fish and cigarettes, for the bare
necessities.’ The only appropriate slogan produced by the otherwise entirely
unrealistic ‘propaganda of the "People's Republic of Mozambique," says "A
Luta ‘Continua"--"The Struggle Continues."

Mozambique's economic descent most certainly continues, no end is in sight.
The metical currency is worth nothing (more and more frequently it is replaced
by barter and trade for foreign exchange), because it suffers from
inflationary consumption and rampant increases in the money supply, and
because there is literally nothing to buy. There is nothing to buy because
the small’ farmers on their family holdings--the backbone of farming--no longer
prodtice sutpluses ‘for the domestic market and exports, and ‘therefore do not
take in any money. At the’same time what industry there is, operates at only
15 percent capacity, because there ‘are no customers, and imported spare parts
and raw materials are lacking. The latter, in turn, are not available due to
thé enormous ‘rise in food imports and the’ resulting’ balance of trade deficits
nvolve an overwhelming foreign debt of almost DM4 billion. In 1983
exceeded exports fourfold,’ ‘last year tHe debt service’ alone amounted
to twice the country" s export earnings:

Mozambique is ‘one of the seven’ poorest countries of Africa. It is
inextricably ‘caught in the vicious circle of pauperization. All the
humanitarian ‘aid, ‘all debt reschedulings have been unable to get it out of
that vicious circle. Is it the fault of others or its own--that “is the

question. .

‘52



they force the peasants to pay tribute. On the other hand, it would not appear
that the troops sent by Ndjamena could be accused of selective repression aimed
at the Christian peasants. At school, furthermore, the catechism is taught
freely. As one priest says, "Hissein Habre seems to have played the secular

card."
Occupation Army

The missionaries have difficult relations with the authorities, who accuse
them of aiding the codos, Many missions have been evacuated because of the
lack of security and the Catholic hierarchy has repeatedly been threatened with
eviction in the south if it did not "stay out of inter-Chadian quarrels."
"Here," one priest remarks, giving some foundation to the accusation, "the
fact of being a Christian is also one way of opposing the army of occupation."
For their part, the European expatriates, particularly the French, have not
been concerned. Since mid-February, four gendarmes have been sent to Moundou
to ensure the safety of the consulate and to reassure the European population.
The only case in which the codos have gone after non-Chadians is that of the
two American technicians at the Makou site, kidnapped on 8 February and freed
on the 13th for a ransom of 300,000 CFA francs.

The pacification of the south is of vital importance to President Hissein Habre.
Last year, thanks to an increase in prices paid to growers and the action of
the Chadian Cotton Company and mainly the relative calm that reigned in the five
southern departments, the cotton harvest reached the record level of 158,000
tons. In addition to substantial financial receipts for government coffers,
President Habre gained considerable personal prestige. Some 11 billion

CFA francs were distributed to the peasants, thus helping to stimulate local
commerce. The public treasury received 5 billion CFA francs from the marketing
operations. This year, essentially because of the resurgence of conflict, the
coming crop will probably not exceed 90,000 tons, according to several experts,
which will result in a drop in production of the oilworks. Financially.
politically speaking, the revolt of the codos therefore strikingly affects

the Chadian president's room to maneuver, whence the view of oil as manna from
heaven.

FOOTNOTES

1. Exxon, which replaced the American company Conoco, is the operator of a '
group of oil companies also including Royal Dutch Shell and Chevron. By
1979, 21 wells, deemed "encouraging," had been drilled in Chad. Interrupted
by the war, oil exploration did not resume until February. Chad's reserves
have been put at some 500 million barrels (10 million tons approximately).

2. In 1978, a proj ect co-financed by the World Bank concerned an oil field
located north of Lake Chad. A 350-kilometer-long pipeline was considered,
along with construction of a small refinery in Ndjamena,

3. One GFA franc is worth .02 French franc.

4, There are 111 missionaries registered in Moyen-Chari and 171 in the two
Logone.

11,464 18
cso: 3419/376



JPRS~SSA~85-042
17 May 1985

ZIMBABWE

DUAL CITIZENSHIP. APPLICANTS NEED NOT INFORM FOREIGN COUNTRY
Harare THE HERALD in English 11 Apr 85 p 3

[Text] DUAL citizens wishing to renounce their foreign citizenship should
simply call in at the citizenship office in Harare and fill in the required
form; they need not contact the authorities of the country of their foreign
citizenship, the Registrar-General, Cde Tobaiwa Mudede, said yesterday.

Correcting ‘an official of his department who gave The Herald the wrong infor-
mation the day before, Cde Mudede said his office would, in processing the
renunciation, inform the foreign country.

Under the new Citizenship Act which came into force on December 1 last year,
dual citizenship is no longer allowed. Dual citizens who opt to keep Zimbab-
wean citizenship have until the end of November to renounce their foreign
nationality. If they do not, their Zimbabwean citizenship lapses.

Cde Mudede said the dual citizen should go to the Harare passport office with
his or her foreign. travel documents, fill out a form and surrender the foreign
passport. His office would handle the rest.

Although the forms had yet to be printed the citizenship office was improvis-
ing for the very few people who had so far said they wished to renounce their
foreign citizenship. "There could be a rush later," he said.

Dual citizens who had yet.to apply for a Zimbabwe passport would be asked to

renounce their foreign citizenship and hand in their foreign passport when
they applied for the Zimbabwe passport.

CsO: 3400/103

139



Meeting

The question is whether anything canbe done to-save the Nkomati Accord.

In academic circles, the possibility is being raised of a personal meeting
between President P. W. Botha and President. Machel, but there are perhaps for
both leaders too many risks associated with this. s

Two other possibilities being mentioned are a symbolic act, such as an airlift
to Maputo to transport food and other supplies to a city where ‘provisions are
becoming uncomfortably scarce. . ‘ st .

Last Alternative

Or otherwise a contingent of at least a thousand. soldiers that can protect the
road, railroad and electrical- power lines between Komatipoort’ and Maputo.
However, the political price of this possibility ‘is so high that it can
scarcely be considered. :

The last alternative is to force FRELIMO and RENAMO. to an agreement through
sustained pressure. This is'the most sensible alternative, but unfortunately
one that will cast a shadow’on the integrity of South Africa's objectives in
signing an agreement with Mozambique. a

12271
CSO: 3401/104

85



arranged for a smooth departure. The passes varied and could be extended
under certain circumstances--but should never exceed one year.

On their expirty, aliens who continued to stay in the country were then con-
sidered as doing so illegally, he said.

cso: 3400/077

39



was formally signed by Mr P..W. Botha, at the time the prime minister of -
South Africa, and President Samora Machel, head of state of Mozambique. The
fact that the two governments have only. just.given their continued and full
support to it will be welcomed by all who have the interests of the region at
heart.

Many will also utter a sigh of relief that certain elements, whose undermining
efforts were applauded by South Africa's enemies, were not able to succeed in
wrecking the accord. Only a week ago it almost appeared as if the attempt to
sink the agreement would succeed through heavy pressure on Mozambique and
insinuations by South Africa. :

The timely visit to Maputo by Mr Pik Botha, minister of foreign affairs,

Gen Magnus Malan, minister of defense, and other high-ranking South Africans
apparently had the desired effect. Minister Botha refuted some of the stories
about South Africa's alleged involvement by-announcing, among other things,
that the police has broken up the activities of a Johannesburg gang that is
part of an international network with ties to RENAMO. ,
The state president's announcement that the government would even be prepared
to consider military action. in Mozambique "according to merit" if it is re-
quested ‘publicly by the West and by the government of Mozambique, is yet
another indication of the earnest with which South Africa is treating the
matter and of the value it attaches to the accord.

In the year ahead, the Nkomati Accord will remain the target of South Africa's
enemies. They know what benefits it holds for South Africa and that it could
be the beginning of a breakthrough to black Africa.. This is why it is impor-
tant that the accord yield more fruit. The more results it produces, the
better are the possibilities for creating a stabile Southern Africa.

Dangers.of Military Assistance
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 19 Mar 85 p 14
[Editorial: "Dangerous Option"']

[Text] A restitution of good spirit between South Africa and Mozambique was
to an extent accomplished during last week's discussions. However, the real
problem, RENAMO, remains unresolved.

The way in which the possibility of South African military participation in :
the domestic struggle in Mozambique was not rejected in absolute tems by.
either the state president or the minister of foreign affairs is striking.

Minister Pik Botha describes such: participation as "highly unlikely," thus in
fact not entirely out of the question. President P. W. Botha goes one ‘step
further. He says that it will indeed be considered if Mozambique and the West
request it.

80



Samora Machel's anger is enormous: After all, he had met his obligations
under the Nkomati Pact by arresting and expelling some 1,000 ANC activists.
Yet everything indicates that South Africa's border remains easily penetrable
for RNM fighters and their supplies. Initially the Mozambique authorities
held only “certain South African military and secret service circles"
responsible for breaking the treaty, even Machel now openly accuses "the South
African Government."

At the same time, it is admitted by, for example, Minister of State for
Economic Affairs Jacinto Veloso that destabilizing actions “come not only from
South Africa but other countries also," and that "various forces" are
involved. The authorities have in mind mainly Portugal and Arab countries
such as Oman and Saudi Arabia but also Malawi and Federal Islamic Republic of
the Comores.

It appears certain that the RNM presents a multilayered phenomenon. It lacks
a united leadership and central command structure, nor does it have a definite
political program. There are no liberated territories, administered by the
RNM. According to all diplomatic observers on the spot, the RNM is a mixed
assembly of Portuguese revanchists, .members of the domestic opposition who
quit FRELIMO., government army deserters, ‘small farmers driven by hunger and
misery, deported victims of "operation output" and plain bandits and robbers.
Often regular FRELIMO soldiers (whose supplies are pitiful) pretend to be RNM
guerrillas on the attack to obtain food, clothing and footwear, none of which
the army is able to provide for them. In addition to the mass misery, the
rebels are also profiting from the growing disaffection among the northern
tribes who feel neglected and disadvantaged by the Frelimo regime and the
“southern clique."

Maaputo is constantly prey to crazy rumors. They are all products of sheer
imagination but represent a reflex of helpless desperation and express the
conviction that something simply must change, that things cannot go on as they
are. And yet, they do go on, without hope, always further down.

There are no doubts whatever about the reasons of Mozambique's hopeless
situation. Machel has no alternative to the Nkomati Treaty. He must cling to
it, appeal to it, denounce South Africa and hope that Pretoria will at some
time begin to take the treaty seriously--whether by its own volition or as a
consequence of U.S.pressure. The army, 30,000 strong, demoralized and badly
led, was retrained by the Russians for conventional warfare with tanks and
heavy artillery. It manages to keep the RNM guerrillas away from the cities
but is unable to decisively defeat them in the bush. On the other hand, the
RNM soldiery, estimated at 10 000-15,000, is incapable of storming Maputo and
overthrow the Machel regime -in a frontal attack.

No Solution in Sight
Samora’ Machel does: not have the strength to achieve a military solution. ©
fhe ‘current South African objective is a division of power and a FRELIMO/RNM

coalition. That is out of the question for the FRELIMO chief at this stage
of the game. Equally unacceptable for Machel is the option of calling for

57



In the meantime,.a joint force is being considered to protect electrical power,
road and rail connections. between South Africa and Maputo. Disclaimers not-
withstanding, it is difficult to understand how such a force could not consist
of trained members of the South African police and/or armed forces, if it is
to be the least bit effective.

‘The way in which the door is being left open, even if it is just a crack, is
not reassuring.. Participation of this kind will put South Africa in the
middle of a Vietnam situation. :

It will also discredit President Samora Machel and his goverment from Harare
to Moscow and invite Soviet intervention.

In our opinion, direct South African participation is without qualification
no option.

Conditions for Preserving Accord
Johannesburg DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 15 Mar 85 p 8
[Editorial: "Save This Accord"]

[Text] The fact that South Africa felt it necessary to send two senior cabinet
members to Maputo is sufficient proof of concern over the Nkomati Accord.

The fact that at that particular moment President Samora Machel was attending
the state funeral of the late Konstantin Chernenko in Moscow is illuminating.
No one, least of all South Africans, should be mistaken about the fact that
Mozambique is- still firmly in the communist camp. And that Moscow, even the
Moscow of the new Russian leader, takes no pleasure in the Nkomati Accord.

Whether Nkomati--a year old tomorrow--will survive thus depends also on whether
President Machel can convince the Russians of its benefits. It is a question
of ideology that must be separated from practical, economic and geographic
realities. :

It has long been obvious that there is enormous pressure on Mozambique from
Russia and its friends in Africa to abandon the agreement.

But this is only ‘one aspect’ of the faltering Nkomati Accord.

Even worse is the military and economic disruption being caused in Mozambique
by the RENAMO resistance movement. And that it “is allegedly receiving support
from South Afriéa. President Machel has in recent times hurled public re-
proaches at the Republic [of South Africa] about this.

Seen against this background, it is going to be difficult to save Nkomati.

But this does not mean that both signers should not try even harder now than
before to overcome the stumbling blocks. We assume that it was for this reason

81



“The developed countries
simply refuse to negotiate. with
the Third World; now they even
refuse to talk with us about the
problems themselves’, Mwa-
limu noted. .

He added, however, that this’
lack of will on the part of the
developed countries should not
lead the Third ‘World to despair.
Although separately the Third
World was weak, developing
countries could have strength if
they acted in unity; hestated.

“Political solidarity and
economic cooperation amongst
the poor do not provide short
term answers to our current pro-
blems, buit they could provide a
solution in the long terms. They
could release us from the trap of
never-ending downward: spiral
to destitution, starvation “and
renewed external domination’,
he said.

Earlier, President Djuranovic
explained that the economic
problems of the world’s poorest
countries would not cease ‘‘as
long as there exists. resistance,
rooted in narrow self-interest
and lack of understanding on
the part of the developed (coun-
tries) for economic interdepe-
ndence of the world”’.

Mwalimu praised the efforts
of the people of self-manage-
ment, in which workers fun their
own enterprises.

“The people of Yugoslavia
have thus applied socialist prin-
ciples in new ways, and revealed
new facets of them...”, he said
in his reply speech at the dinner.
The President and his entourage
had an opportunity the fol-
lowing day to visit an enter-
prise run on the self-manage-
ment system when they drove to
Padenaska Skela, outside Bel-

ide for a tour of an agro-
industrial complex. ©

The Agricultural Combine
“Belgrade”, produces a wide
range of consumer essentials
from poultry, “meat ‘and its
products to wines. The Deputy
Director Nikola Milutinovic told
Mwalimu the enterprise was
interested in extending its activi-
ties to Tanzania.

‘The President explained
Tanzania’s policy as regards

‘oint ventures with foreign firms
in the field of agriculture. Tan-
zahia would welcome a_ joint
venture if it aimed at producing

116

the kirid of products that could
be. exported to earn foreign
exchange, he said.

Mwalimu, donning his other
‘hat’ of Party Chairman, then
drove to the socio-political or-
ganisation building in new Bel-

rade for talks with Ali Sukrija
(Shula), the President of the

sidency of the Central Com-
mittee of the League of: Com-
munists of Yugoslavia. He also
held talks with Dr. Marjan
Rozic, the President of the
Federal Conference of the
Socialist Alliance of - Working
People of Yugoslavia.

The talks were summarised in
the joint communique: “The two
sides pointed out that the past co-
operation between socio-political
organisations of the two countries
has been ‘very useful, especially
between the League of Com-
munists of Yugoslavia and
Chama’ Cha Mapinduzi”.

After the second round of
talks with Ndugu Djuranovic on
the second. day of his: visit,
Mwalimu met Tanzanian stu-
dents pursuing various courses
mainly ‘at’ University tevel in
Yugoslavia.

The students told Mwalimu
they wee not happy with his
decision to retire from the
Presidency later this year. “It is
difficult for us to express how
we feel towards that decision,
for we, like the rest of other
Tanzanians elsewhere, would
have liked to continue enjoying

ur. wisdom’’, the Students

inion Chairman Ndugu Said
Mohamed Seif told the Presi-
dent...
In‘ their speech they never-
theless praised Mwalimu for that
decision, explaining that much
as it was not pleasing, it was one
taken with commendable cour-
age, full of wisdom and worth
emulating by other leaders in
‘Africa.

"~~ “We strongly believe that in

your other role as Chairman of
Chama Cha Mapinduzi, you will
continue contributing as you did
when you had both responsibili-
ties as Chairman and Presi-
dent”, the students added.

Mwalimu briefed them on
the preparations for his suc-
cession. He said the CCM
Electoral Conference was due to
convene in July to name a
candidate who would contest the


UAE DELEGATION ARRIVES

Aid Cooperation Discussed

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 10 Apr 85 p 1

[Text] A

WEEK-long
governmental meeting aimed at

inter-

establishing a joint economic
commission between Tanzania
and the United Arab Emirates
a (UAE) begins in Dar es. Salaam

today.

A seven-man UAE delegation
led by the Director General of the
Economic Affairs in the Ministry
of. Foreign Affairs, Ambassador

Mohamed Khalifa

El-Yousef,

Me arrived in Zanzibar from Oman
: on Monday enroute to Dar es
Salaam for the talks.

we The

inter-governmental

ve meeting will discuss co-operation.
in livestock development, sugar

te industry,

energy projects and.

specific projects for Zanzibar, in-
cluding road construction and

water supply.

tte The delegation yesterday met.
= with the Zanzibar Chief Minister, ”

Ndugu Seif Shariff Hamad, who
ae briefed them on the economic
situation in Zanzibar, especially in

the light of the declining world

Fete market of cloves.

Ndugu Hamad also ‘explained
government plans to rehabilitate

the economy, expand agriculture

oe -and strengthen. other sectors of

the economy.

He asked the delegation, which
has toured several parts of Zan-
zibar, to evaluate what they had,

seen and determine areas in

which they can invest.
The. Chief Minister also briefed

the delegation on the 1984 Zan-

119

zibar coustitution which took ef-
fect ‘from January 12, this year,
and the Constitution of the
United Republic of Tanzania.

Ambassador El-Yousef said the
Emirates were aware of the
problems éonfronting Tanzania
and_expresséd hope that the joint
economic . commission would
help in enhancing co-operation
between the two: countries.

The UAE provided a 20m/-
credit for the rehabilitation of the
Kagera Sugar Factory in 1979.

The delegation is accompanied
by thé Tanzania Ambassador to
Egypt, Ndugu Abdallah Swedi.
who is based in Cairo. He is also
accredited to the UAE.

During their one-week stay,
the. UAE delegation — which
arrived in Dar es Salaam yester-
day is expected to, meet Prime
Minister Salim Ahmed Salim and
Finance Minister Cleopa Msuya.
The officials would also hold
talks with Tanzania Tourist Cor-
poration (TTC) General Manager
Timothy Kasella.

Yesterday, Ndugu Khalifa Al-
Yousef: held talks with Air Tan-
zania Corporation (ATC) General
Manager Bakari Mwapachu and
later paid a courtesy call on the
Minister of State in
President's Office, © Ndugu
Mustafa Nyang’anyi. .

UAE comprises Abudhabi,
Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm al
Qaiwain, Ras al-Khaimah and
Fujairah.

the.

JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

TANZANTA



JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

GUINEA-BISSAU

PHOSPHORITE MINING ACCORD SIGNED WITH PORTUGUESE FIRM
Bissau NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 27 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] The Ministry of Natural Resources and Industry signed a protocol of
intentions with the Portuguese firm Ferrominas on Monday 18 February aimed at
having that firm advise the Guinea Government in the field of mining.

According to well informed sources, the protocol.envisages the presentation,
in the next 30 days, of two proposals by Ferrominas about the advisory services
on the project for mining phosphorite and support for putting into operation
the geology and mining laboratory of the country.

According to the same sources, Ferrominas was invited to supply advice on the
progress of mining projects of Farim phosphorite deposits and, later on, to
establish contacts with institutions and groups of foreign firms for the
establishment of a consortium to study the viability of mining.

The Farim phosphorite deposits have 100 million tons of ore according to studies
already conducted by the French Office of Geological and Mineral Research
(BRUGM) which, in two stages of studies, has already spent close to 11 million
French francs.

The project envisages mining and exportation of 1.5 million tons of phosphorite
per year, but it is only now that a third phase of the studies has been started,
which will determine the pre-viability of the undertaking.

This third phase will cost over 5 million French francs, and the French party
has already announced that they do not want to continue without other partners.

After the conclusion.of the third phase of the studies they will furnish the
first economic indicators of the deposits, since the definitive viability study
would have been completed. In the meantime, it is known that a portion of the
deposits is under waters of the Cacheu River, which explains why its exploration
will not be profitable.

Phosphorite is a mineral used in the manufacture of phosphoric acid, an im-
portant component in the production of fertilizers and also of superphosphates.

According to specialists in the field, the geology and mining laboratory of the
[Ministry] of Natural Resources of the country is well equipped. In the

26



MPLA PLANS TO NATURALIZE CUBANS

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 21 Apr 85 p 6

[Article by John Maclennan]

[Text] ‘THE MPLA Government }
iis seeking to make citi-j
ens of the estimated ;
0.000 Cubans now. based *
in Angola. a!
f They may be doing so in’
the hope this will help An-
fgola ‘circumvent demands
from both the United States:
-and South Africa that the:
Cubans be sent home as ai
relude to a settlement in;
yNamibia.  ~ +
: During recent months the
Angolan Government passed
legislation which makes it pos-:
sible for Cubans specifically to
be naturalised after only a.
brief stay in Angola. t
» The development flies in the
face of repeated South African
demands that there must be
“genuine Cuban withdrawal”, a
phrase used several times by
President Botha when he took
the wraps off his latest. initia-
tive for the territory this week,

be ‘ Rejected 4

This plan involves institut-j
‘ing legislative and executive
authorities yet again. They will
rule instead of the South Afri-
can Administrator-General, +

President Botha’s plan has.
been rejected by the Big Five
but he gave the undertaking his
Government would still try to
achieve an internationally
acceptable settlement without
:jeopardising the UN-sponsored
Resolution 435 which provides.
for independence. .

SA Foreign Affairs sources

cso: 3400/90

“made it plain neither the Unit-—

ed States nor South Africa is
likely to be taken in by the at-
tempt to make “Angolans” of
the Soviets’ Cuban surrogates.
They termed it yet another
cosmetic ploy by the MPLA.
“We would not be stupid
enough to be taken in by differ-

yences in terminology .... If all’

jthe Cubans in Angola were sud-
denly pronounced Angolans
that would clearly not be gen-
uine withdrawal and South.
‘Africa is not going to be satis
fied with a formula which does
not achieve our purpose, which
is the termination of Soviet
military influence,” The Sun-
day Star was told.

Control

The most recent “ploy” oc-
curred last October when the
Angolan Government’ proposed,
‘that 20000 Cubans be with-
drawn over a three year
period. Another 10 000 would be
retained in the northern part of
the country indefinitely.

The SA Government found
this unacceptable because it
was an open-ended arrange-
ment. A source said: “We would
have no control over the situa-
tion. Once we have withdrawn
our forces (from Namibia)we
have no leverage to ensure the
Cubans will be withdrawn.”

Sources also speculated An-
gola was attempting to attract
Cuban settlers because they
have been so useful as doctors,
nurses, teachers, technicians
and civil administrators.

JPRS-SSA~85-042
17 May 1985

ANGOLA


IPRS~SSA-g5-042
17 May 1985

TANZANIA

BRIEFS

VOLL TO INSTALL GENERATOR--THE MWANZA Vegetable Oil Industries (VOIL) is to
install a 1.09m/- steam-generator to solve power cut problems. According to
VOLL General. Manager Kantibhai Patel,’ the generator--to be installed in three
months' time--has cost 1,088,000/- He said the generator would use cotton -
seed husks instead of diesel and would supply half the total power demand at
the factory. Ndugu Kantibhai told Shihata on Thursday that at present his
factory was producing 10,000 kilogrammes of edible oil a day instead of 60,000
kilos produced under normal operations. He attributed the décline to shortage
of raw materials, power cuts and lack of containers. He said, between Decém-
ber last year and February this year the Government lost over 10m/- through
sales tax. VOIL is among other factories in Mwanza whose production has been
adversely affected by insufficient power supply. [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY
NEWS in English 6 Apr 85 p 1]

MILITIA REQUESTS. CHEAPER UNIFORMS--ARUSHA=~The peoples militia have requested
the government to sell militia unifotms cheaply to enable them to afford to
buy the fatigue clothes, The request was made to the Arumeru Area Commis-
sioner, Ndugu Boniface Kavishe, at a’ pass-out parade ceremony mounted by a
contingent of passing out militiamén, MAELEZO reported. The militia noted
that at present a pair of uniform without including a pair of shoes costs
1,100/- which they said was very high and that forced their fellow recruits to
terminate their training. [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English’12-Apr
85 p 3] : ‘ cet

MKAPA FOR ANGOLA--THE Minister for ‘Foreign Affairs, Ndugu Benjamin Mkapa, left
Dar es Salaam yesterday for Luanda, Angola, carrying a special message from
President Nyerere to Angolan. Presiderit Jose Eduardo'dos Santos. The-‘contents
of the message were not disclosed. “A press statement issued in the city -yes-
terday by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs said the Minister left by a-special
flight and is expected back tomorrow. / (Text ] [Dar es Salaam DATLY NEWS in
English 12 Apr 85 p 4H ad

cso: 3400/067 .

134



JPRS-SSA-85~-042
17 May 1985

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

WEW NAME CHANGES--HARARE--The government of Zimbabwe has issued a list of 120
new names to replace those given by the country's colonial administrators to
government buildings, districts and rivers. The 13 government buildings,
nearly all previously named after British and Rhodesian politicians and civil
servants, now bear the names of heroes and chieftains of resistance by the
Shona people against British pioneer rule. One building bears the name of a
Black nationalist politician of the 50s and another--seven heroes building in
Chinoyi--relates to the terrorists war which brought the Prime Minister, Mr
Robert Mugabe, to power in 1980. In Bulawayo the only major government-owned
building there, Tredgold Building, named after Robert Tredgold, Chief Justice
until 1960, is unchanged. The judge resigned rather than implement legisla-
tion sanctioning detention without trial. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in
English 24 Apr 85 p 17]

cso: 3400/103 - END -

142



EXPANSION OF INDUSTRIAL COURT EXPECTED

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 13 Apr 85 p 20

[Article by Kipserem Maritim]

[Text]

cso:

Talks are at an advanced stage
for the expansion of the Industrial
Court, which will include
establishing other levels of resolv-
ing disputes. _

Judge Saeed. Cockar revealed
this yesterday but did not give
the details of the intended expan-
sion.

‘The talks, which he said were
between the Central Organisation
of ‘Trade Unions (COTU), the

” Federation of Kenya Employérs

(FKE), and ‘the .Government
would make it easier to resolve
trade disputes.

“The Judge was addressing
shopstewards and full-time

-employees of the Kenya Union of

Domestic, - Hotels, Educational
Institutions, Hospitals and Allied
Workers (KUDHEIHA)
attending a thrée-month
training at the Kikuyu campus ot

- the University of Nairobi’s

College’ of Adult and Distance
Education, *

Stressing the need for
employers and employees to
follow ‘the laid-down machinery
jor settling disputes, Mr Justice
Cockar criticised managers who
did not give their workers a
hearing. : .

He. said the trade union
machinery enabled employers to
predict the behaviour of workers.

“We in Kenya cannot afford the
expensive and protracted strikes
like that in the UK which lasted
about a year. ‘They could afford it
because they have developed
economy,” he said.

3400/078

41

‘The Judge said the concern of
the employers and trade unions
should be to foster industrial
peace that would develop the
economy. °

“The industries should be able
to operate ‘without expensive
interruptions,” he said, adding
that Kenya was lucky to have a
stable Government under the
leadership of President Moi.

“It is now up to the Kenyans to
develop the economy. Develop-
merit is concerned directly with
the uality of the lives of people”,

added. .
But he said this did not mean
that employees should be
exploited “by ‘‘company
shareholders sitting in London”.
‘The Judge also cautioned trade
union leaders that industrial rela-
tions was a sensitive area. A small
problem, he went, on, could
trigger off grave consequences
that could paralysé the economy.
“The government realised this
and created the Industrial Court
as‘a channel for parties.to settle
their problems in a civilised man-
ner”, hé said. a
‘The Judge also said housing for
the workers’ would remain a
issue as there was no
possibility at the’ moment of
putting up sufficient houses for

JPRS-SSA-B5-042
17 May 1985

KENYA

all the employees. Landlords « .

would demand more and more

rent.

He added that the Industrial
Court would not rule in favour of
a worker who had not been doing.
his work well. .



JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

ANGOLA

KUANDO-KUBANGO, HUILA COMMISSARS MEET TO DISCUSS ISSUES
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 1 Mar 85 p 3

[Text] Lubango--the provincial commissar of Kuando-Kubango, Lieutenant
Colonel Manuel Francisco Tuta "Batalha de Angola", left this city yesterday
after a working visit of about 24 hours to Huila Province.

During his stay in the provincial capital, the supreme leader of Kuando~
Kubango had informal contacts with his Huila counterpart, Lieutenant Colonel
Rafael Sapilinha Sambalanga, with whom he exchanged work experiences about
the development of the political, military and economic-social activities

of the two border provinces.

In Lubango, the coordinator of the Kuando-Kubango Party Provincial Committee
met with the directors of the Namibe Railway at which time he discussed
questions related to the distribution of the products destined for his
province via the railway line and studied the possibility of the normalization
of the railway line section connecting the municipality of Jamba and the

city of Menonque.

In that regard, the two sides studied the ways and possibilities of
reactivating the line and repairing the bridges over the Catata, Combo and
Vassenha rivers, sabotaged by the enemies of the Angolan people, preventing
the supplying of that area with essential goods from the port of Namibe.

During his stay in Huila Province, Manuel Francisco Tuta also contacted the
provincial delegates of social affairs and of industry, with whom he discussed
some problems that concern the authorities of Kuando~Kubango regarding the
supply of essential products to war-displaced persons and peasants because

of the severe drought that is being experienced in that region.

The leader of Kuando-Kubango, who engaged in intense activity to resolve the
problems of the population of the area, visited the warehouse for products
destined for Huila, and the motherhouse that houses more than 220 orphaned
children, as well as the old-age home controlled by the state secretariat

of war veterans of the province.

The provincial commissar of Kuando~Kubango went to Namibe Province, where he
will make a visit of approximately 24 hours for the same purpose.

8711
CSO: 3442/216



JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

CABINET MINISTERS ASKED TO CARRY OUT DUTIES

Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW in English 19 Apr 85 pp 9-10

[Text]

CSO:

ANYONE who has dealt with the Kenya
government during the past year or so
would have noticed how the various
ministries and government departments
have adopted the habit of passing the
puck to’ the office of the president
whenever faced with decision making
which might later turn out to be
unpopular, or controversial. Permanent
secretaries refer even routine matters to.
the chief secretary. The end result has.
tended to be what most observers, both
inside and outside government, see as a
slowing down of government machinery in
many crucial areas of public life, with the
consequent inefficiency being laid at the
door of the office of the president. Now
the chief secretary, Mr. Simeon Nyachae
is telling everyone in. government with
high level responsibilities to carry out
their responsibilities as required and not

pass the buck to him or to the office of the,

“president. .

“In recent circular to all permanent
secretaries, the solicitor general, the
registrar of the high court, the controller
and auditor general, the clerk of the
national assembly and the secretary of the

3400/087

35

public-service commission, the chief
secretary has warned against ministries
perpetuating a situation whereby they
“keep referring matters to the office of the

president for decisions which for all prac-'

tical are squarely their respon-
sibilities.” Nyachae added that such a
practice amounted to ministries
abdicating their decision-making respon-
sibilities “‘to seek cover of the office of the
president with regard to matters of an
unpalatable nature.” Nyachae reminded
permanent ‘secretaries “of the need and
necessity to uphold firmly the portfolio
responsibilities of their ministries, with
both initiative and decisiveness in order

to avoid unnecessary delays and”
stalemate in the management of public:

affairs... There should therefore, be no
delays in carrying out required public
service operations under the pretext that
the matter has been referred to the office
of the president for decision.” The chief
secretary requested permanent secretaries
to pass the message on to all departments
as well -as to parastatal organisations.
Presumably the message has been passed,
but whether anyone is heeding it only
time will tell.” 8

KENYA



NYERERE DISCUSSES WORLD ECONOMICS, SUCCESSION IN BELGRADE

Dar es Salaam DAILY: NEWS in English 6 Apr 85 p 4

[Article by Isaac Mruma]

[Text]

NONE of the preceding speakers
had been interrupted by the
audience until the one who was
talking on Tanzania mounted
the podium.. At the mention of
Nyerere, the audience burst into
prolonged, applause and thé
Tanzanian Who ‘was presenting,
his country had’to go over the
line in question again. It was an
evening dedicated to Africa at
the Faculty of Political Sciences,
University of Belgrade a few
months ago.

. Thus it came as no surprise

‘that one of the leading univer-

sities in Yugoslavia, the Univer-
sity of Edvard Kardelf in Yjubl-
jana, a northern Yugoslav city,
decided to confer Mwalimu with
an Honorary Doctorate. during
the President’s just-ended state
visit for he is highly respected

e.

In this part of the world,
they don’t line the streets to
welcome a Visiting head of state
the way we do in Tanzania. But
thanks to advanced com-
munications : media, including
particularly the: . television,
millions will see the visitor.

Mwalimu, who arrived in
Belgrade aboard a Lufthansa jet
was met by the President of the
Nine-member Collective
Presidency of Yugoslavia Ndugu
Veselin Djuranovic and other
leading _ functionaries.

Mwalimu was arriving in
Belgrade for the fifth time and
he was made an honorary citizen
of this city the next day.

“This is an honour that I'll
treasure very much throughout

115

the rest of my life’, pledged the
new citizen.

On the first day of his visit,
‘Mwalimu drove to Avala, where
he laid a wreath at the tomb of
the unknown soldier and later
went to the House of Flowers in
Belgrade to visit the toni6 of the
Jate- Yugoslav President and foun-
der of the — Non-Aligned
Movement, President Tito who
died in 1980. .

Mwalimu spoke loftily of
President Tito that night during
the state dinner at the Federa-
tion Palace in the new part of
Belgrade: ‘‘Your late leader, ithe
sgreat Josip Broz Tito, was a
hero to the nationalist leaders of
Africa, as he was to you; he
inspired us by his commitment
to the principles of national
freedom and justice, and set an
example which we still try to
emulate’, he said.

But the thrust of the banquet
speech was the impasse in action
to redress the current Interna-
tional Economic _ Relations.
“The truth is that there is at
present no international
economic order; there is an
international economic jungle’,
Mwalimu stated, referring to the
chaos that present international
economic relations are. |.
~ «He sald although tht “Non-
Aligned countries and the Group
of 77 (developing countries) had
been calling for a new inter-
national economic order which
would be more balanced in their
favour these countries’ initia-
tives had stumbled on the
aparthy of the developed ones.

JPRS-SSA~-85-042
17 May 1985

TANZANIA



which had been extended by the central government to the people who qualified
for the scheme, [Text] [Gaborone Domestic Service in English 0511 GMT
19 Apr 85 MB]

SWEEP UNCOVERS ILLEGAL ARMS--In what was to be a sweep on undesirable ele-
ments and illegal immigrants, police in Gaborone have discovered a large con-
signment of arms and ammunition of war. In a press conference a short while
ago, Police Commissioner Simon Hirschfield said no arrests had been made,

but police had the name of the person responsible for the consignment, He
said the man had gone into hiding, but he refused to disclose the name of

the suspect. Mr Hirschfield also declined to say where exactly the arms cache
was discovered other than saying in a house in Gaborone. He said the suspect
was last seen on 19 April. The commissioner of police has denied that the
police could have been working on a tip when they made the discovery which he
described as the biggest ever made in Gaborone. The cache was discovered
during a police search in the capital on Monday, According to a list handed
to the press this afternoon, the cache included 3 Chinese-made antitank non-~
detectable mines, 156 x 200 grams of INT slabs, magnetic bar mines, mortars,
pazooka rifles, RPG grenades, 4 commercial bar mines, and 3 flare mines.

Mr Hirschfield said that most of the equipment, which he declined to link
to any movement in or outside Botswana, was very dangerous if not properly
handled. The consignment was displayed at the central police station in
Gaborone for members of the press. [Text] [Gaborone Domestic Service in
English 1610 GMT 26 Apr 85 MB]

cso: 3400/82

14



JPRS-SSA~85-042
17 May 1985

ANGOLA

FUEL SUPPLY TO KWANZA=NORTE “INCREASES
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 28 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] N'Dalatando--The supply ‘of fuel to Kwanza-Norte Province increased
in 1984 compared to the previous year: 5,000 tons and 474 kilos: of various
fuels and oils valued at 58,647,890 kwanzas ‘last year, compared to 4,000 tons
and 463 kilos marketed during the previous year.

The provincial deputy delegate of the Angolan National Fuel Company (SONANGOL),
Domingos Borges, who provided this information to the ANGOLAN PRESS AGENCY
(ANGOP), explained that the activity of that agency which distributes fuel

in the province was conditioned by certain factors. Thanks to the efforts
undertaken, this situation did not greatly hamper the normal supply of fuel

to the province.

In the meantime, the constant breakdowns due to the lack of spare parts
suffered by the three trucks used for transportation--two of them for liquid
cargoes, the frequent derailments of the freight trains in the Luanda-Malanje
line, as well as the political-military situation prevailing in the province
were among the main reasons affecting the supply of fuels to that region

of the country, according to the official. He considered that eight trucks
were needed, six of them for liquid cargoes, to completely cover the needs

of the region.

The supply of oil to the population reached a satisfactory level although
there were some bottlenecks in marketing it due to the chaotic distribution
of that product by the retailers accredited by SONANGOL. In the meantime,
there was a great shortage in the supply of cooking gas, which the provincial
deputy delegate of the national fuel distributor explained as being due to
the lack of transportation facilities.

According to the same official, the supply of this product to Kwanza Norte
could be normalized if the repair work on its filling sector, located in the
municipality of Lucala (38 kilometers from N'Dalatando) were completed.

This project has been awaiting the arrival of the technical team from Luanda
since last year.

The Lucala reservoirs also reduced the supply of cooking gas to the
neighboring province of Malanje.

Domingos Borges explained that the poor collaboration of SONANGOL's main
customers in the province makes it difficult to implement an annual plan
of provincial requirements, causing certain disparities in the fuel supply.

8711

CSO: 3442/216 9



Commentary on Source of Recent Unrest
(Dawie; BEELD, 3 Apr 85) vcccscececececeseveececseneeteesee 91

Inkatha Reexamines Objectives, Future Status
(John Bhengu; DIE VADERLAND, 22 Mar 85)..sseeeseceeseeeere 93

Results of Survey on White Worker Attitudes Towards Reforms
(DIE AFRIKANER, 13 Mar 85) ecceccescsccerccveccescssessrese 95

Various Incidents of Unrest Reported
(SAPA, 28 Apr 85).ccccerccscsccerccccecnseeecescssseeseres 98

Police Report Scattered Unrest in Eastern Cape
(SAPA, 25 Apr 85)ecccccccccrccecccceeccccnaseccecescerecns 100

RAPPORT Defends Interim Namibia Plan
(Editorial; RAPPORT, 21 Apr 85).s.scceserceeeeeercesevecce 102

U.S. Position Inspires Confidence, Hope
: (Editorial;. DIE TRANSVALER, 19 Apr 85)....eeceeeeeerereeee 104

5 Dead in Unrest; Grahamstown Students Boycott
(SAPA, 29 Apr 85).ececcccccccerccccersereresctcceeesessess 105

Briefs
Kwangema Will Not Be Moved 108
Tear Gas Disperses Student Gathering 108
Unrest, Governemnt Actions Cited 108
Nuclear Physics Degree Granted 109
Volkswag Funds, Membership Drive . : 109
Koeberg Radiation Security 109
SWAZILAND

Minister Says Swazis Should Emulate Chinese
(THE TIMES OF _SWAZILAND, 17 Apr 85) evecececereceeteoeontes 110

Zambian Envoy Meets With Council of State
(THE SWAZI OBSERVER, 23 Apr B5)eccececceceererceseneserees 111

Behkimpi Addresses 20th Tinkhundla Meeting

(Mbabane Domestic Service, 21 Apr 85).cceseseeeeeeeres 113

Briefs a
Finance Minister Warns on Disinvestment — 114

TANZANIA

Nyerere Discusses World Economics, Succession in Belgrade __ -
(Isaac Mruma; DAILY NEWS, -6 Apr B5) cepcceverccesecssvecece 115

-e-



MWINYI, LI HOLD TALKS IN PYONGYANG

Dar es Salaam DAILY’ NEWS in English 11 Apr 85 pl

[Article by Joseph Assama]

[Text]

cso:

Pyongyang, Wednesday.
THE Vice-President, Ndugu ‘Ali
Hassan Mwinyi, on an official
visit to the Democratic People’s
Republic of Korea (DPRK), today
held talks with his host,
Vice-President Li Jong Ok, on
bilateral relations and the:
liberation struggle in southern
Africa.

The talks, held at the ‘People's
Cultural Theatre here, also
focussed on the famine and
drought int some African coun-
tries and efforts being made by
the DPRK to unite the country.

Speaking at the talks, Ndugu Li
said regular visits between leaders.
of the two countries could yield
positive results in ‘strengthening.
the existing” relations ‘between.
them.

The talks were attended by the
Zanzibar _ Finance Minister,
Ndugu Taimur Saleh, “the
Executive Secretary of the Isles
Planning Commission, Ndugu ‘Ali
Abdullah and the Principal
Secretary in the . Zanzibar
Ministry. of Trade. and Industries,
Ndugu Juma Duni Haji.

Others were Head of ‘the
Organisation Department ‘of the
Secretariat of the Party National
Executive Committee (NEC),
Ndugu Mosses Nnauye; - the
Principal Secretary in. the
Ministry of Foreign ~ Affairs,
Ndugu Paul Rupia,- and “Tan-

3400/065

127

zania’s Ambassador to the
People’s Republic of China,
Ndugu George Kahama,

The DPRK Minister for Ex-
ternal Economic Affairs, Ndugu
Chong Song Nam, and other
DPRK officials, also attended the
talks.

Ndugu Mwinyi, accompanied
‘by his’ wife, thanked his DPRK
counterpart for the good recep-
tion he was accorded. and ex-
tended an invitation to Ndugu Li
to visit Tanzania.

He also conveyed to DPRK
President Kim I Sung warm
greetings from President Nyerere.

On arrival at the Pyongyang
Airport, Ndugu Mwinyi had been
received by Ndugu Li and later
inspected a guard of honour
mounted by the DPRK army.

‘Ndugu Mwinyi and his team
later visited the birthplace of
President Kim Sung, the
Pyongyang Metro and the Tower
of Juche Idea.

von ae to the over in Basle,
in a
a Hebi of China, on
‘AL the ia Ra ieee ras
freeted oN ewe
inister ior
Construction and Uber “and “Rural

JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

TANZANIA



JPRS-SSA~85-042
17 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

5 DEAD IN UNREST; GRAHAMSTOWN STUDENTS BOYCOTT
MB291907 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1849 GMT 29 Apr 85

[Excerpts] Pretoria, 29 Apr (SAPA)--At least five people have died in the
eastern Cape during incidents of unrest in the past 24 hours, according to

the Police Directorate of Public Relations in Pretoria. More than 150 people
have been arrested in the same period in unrest-related incidents, according to
police reports.

The body of -a student policeman, Mr S$. S. Malape~-strangled to death and
burnt--was found yesterday in a street in Motherwell, near Port Elizabeth.
Eighteen-year-old Tahsanga Steven was found dead after a police guard f ired
on a mob in Fingo Township, near Grahamstown yesterday. —

The body of a woman was found after tearsmoke was fired yesterday to disperse
stone-throwers in Dorrington, Fort Beaufort, ‘The charred remains of another
woman were discovered by police in the rubble of a burnt-out house in New ~
Brighton this morning. An SADF patrol had earlier extinguished the fire. A
police patrol found the charred body of an unidentified black man lying in a
Kwazakele, Soweto, township street today.

Thousands of black pupils today launched a school boycott in Grahamstown to
protest against Thamsanqa's death. Wis‘ body was found five blocks from the
scene after a police guard opened fire with a shotgun to disperse a group
stoning the home of a Fingo councillor. A 10-year-old black girl sustained
pellet wounds in her legs. :

Police in Oudtshoorn arrested 155 schoolchildren--83 boys and 72 girls-~on
charges of public violence and holding an illegal gathering in Bonguletha
Township today. Police had used tearsmoke and rubber bullets when the boy-
cotting pupils stoned police, slightly injuring two policemen,

Police fired’ shots to disperse about 150 Bonguletha scholars who stoned the
homes of a policeman and a local school principal. Stonethrowers also exten-
sively damaged a bus and arsonists set fire to and destroyed development board
offices.

An administration board office at Adelaide was extensively damaged by fire

yesterday, and two youths--"part of a mob stoning a private home''--wéere arrested
in the Hillside Township near Fort Beaufort, the report said.

105



LANGE ANSWERS JOURNALISTS, PLEDGES AID

Victoria SEYCHELLES NATION in English 15 Apr 85 pp 1-2

[Text]

JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

SEYCHELLES

SEYCHELLES’ hopes of receiving co-operation from New Zealand in such fields as

. education, health care, technical training and the transfer of technology were raised

-by Prime Minister David Lange yesterday morning.at an airport press conference

before starting an Asian tour on his way back home from Africa, °

Questioned about future re-
lations with Seychelles,_ the

_ New Zealand Premier, who

spent Saturday night on Mahé,
pointed. out that his country
was neither an. economic
superpower nor a military
Power, and that its budgetary
aid tended to be focussed on its
immediate responsibilities in
the South Pacific. -

, “But when it comes to-edu-

_ gation . technology. _ transfer,

then New Zealand can work in
with Seychelles,” Mr Lange
said. Noting that his country

"had helped train’ Seychellois

dental staff, the Prime Minister :
said, “There ought to be more |
placements available under the :

* scheme.”

_ He later added, “We have to
see more of you in our training
institution.”

"Mr Lange, accompanied by
1is wife and a party of 23, ar-

rived from.a six-nation tour of

Africa. aboard a Royal New
Zealand Air Force jet on Satur-
day afternoon. He was met at
Seychelles International
Airport by President Albert
René and his wife, members of

the Seychelles People’s Prog-

ressive Front (SPPF) Central’
Committee and senior govern-”

ment officials.

Mr René and Mr Lange met
briefly for private talks at State
House the same night and the
President, was at the airport
again yesterday morning to see
the New Zealand Premier off
on a tour of the Maldives, In-
dia, Singapore and Australia.

He has already been’ to
Mauritius,, Kenya, ‘Tanzania,
Zambia, Botswana: and Zim-
babwe. . .

Before leaving Seychelles, Mr
Lange also answered _jour-

nalists’ questions. on a. variety...

of other subjects. .

‘On his African tour: ‘Africa’ *
is a: continent that is host: to‘

about a third of the countries in:
the world. It’s an- enormous
place and New Zealand had no’
representation there.. Indeed,
the only news we ever got from

Africa was of famine; drought,

pestilence, wars, disaster;
“We had, as well, an un-

fortunate association’ with the

South African Government be-

64

cause of the continuing pattern
of sports exchanges. in the
rugby area...

“So the purpose (of my tour)
was to build again: a relation-
“ship with those countries (vis-
ited) and to declare to them the
policy of the new government.
“The most satisfying mo-
ment. of the tour came when:
Prime Minister —_ Robert

“ Mugabe of Zimbabwe said that
‘he understood that the Gov-

ernment of New Zealand. had
done all that it could.to stop the

* tour of South Africa by the Ail

’ Blacks this year taking place.”

__. On what is needed to.set up
‘the New World Economic Or-
der: “You've got to have a
change of heart on the part of
the people who have resources.

_I think it has to be also consis-
“ tent with a scaling down of the

level of “expenditure on
“armaments.

“7 think that it is a terrible
indictment of international hu-
manity when very large powers
can spend ‘such vast resources
‘on perfecting the means of death
while people in arid land-
scapes, over-populated



JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

GHANA

EXILES RETURN FROM NIGERIA
Panel Discusses Repatriation
4B280950 Accra Domestic Service in English 1300 6MT 27 Apr 85

[Text] Arrangements are well underway to receive those Ghanaians being ex-
pelled from Nigeria. ‘According to the chairman of the National Mobilization
Committee, Commodore Steve Obimpeh, unlike in 1983, he does not foresee much
difficulty this time, In a GBC [Ghana Broadcasting Corporation] TV panel dis-
cussion program to be broadcast tomorrow, he said Nigeria has almost equal
responsibility as Ghana so far-as the repatriation exercise is concerned.

This is because of the agreement reached in Lagos a few months ago by Ghana,
Togo, Benin, and Nigeria.

Commodore Obimpeh said there are high-level diplomatic moves between Ghana and
Nigeria to ensure the welfare and safety of the returnees.

Mr Humphrey Niame, an economist and member of the panel, is of the view that
Nigeria's move might have been primarily due to its economy which seems to be
fast declining, particularly when compared to the way Ghana's economy has

been picking up under the economic recovery program. He warned, however, that
the returnees must be properly screened medically before joining their families.

Another panelist, Mr Maxwel (Wuleh) of the GBC English Language Department said
it is unfair for the taxpayers’ money to be used on this second repatriation
exercise. He noted that those Ghanaians were warned 2 years ago to stay at
home and heop to rebuild the country but they did not listen. Mr (Wulah)

said the returnees owe all those who have braved it at home in helping to re-
build the nation an apology.

The deadline given the returnees by the Nigerian Government is the 10th of
next month... Meanwhile, the Ghana high commissioner to Nigeria, Brigadier Kwaku
Abu Bediako,-has again appealed to Ghanaians illegally resident there to comply
with the military government's quit order. Those who want to remain should
regularize their stay. The appeal is contained in a statement published in
the Nigerian GUARDIAN newspaper. Brig Adu Bediako warned that it would not be
the responsibility of the mission to protect any Ghanaian who disregards the
appeal. He assured the Nigerian authorities that the high commission is taking
all necessary steps to ensure the fullest implementation of the quit order.

19



JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

ZIMBABWE

LUTHERAN CHURCH GROUP TO SINK 60 WELLS IN MUTARE
Harare THE HERALD in English 10 Apr 85 p 5

[Text] BULAWAYO--THE Lutheran World Federation expects ‘to complete sinking,
lining and equipping some 60 wells in the Mutare district’ this year, ‘the LWF's
projects co-ordinator for Manicaland, Mr Klaas Jellema, said here yesterday.

Mr Jellema will go to Mutare on May 1 after completing water projects in Beit-
bridge and Mwenezi.

The Manicaland project is officially known as "water programme four", follow~
ing the first, second and third schemes for Matabeleland South, Masvingo and
Matabeleland North respectively.

Water programme four is a joint project of the LWF and Christian Care. LWF
will contribute US$250 000 for three years while the LWF will contribute
US$185 000 this year alone, Mr Jellema said.

"The advantage of wells over boreholes is that boreholes ‘need experts to
repair while wells are easier because if anything goes wrong'’with the mechan-
ism the equipment can be easily removed and water drawn directly with a bucket

from the well," he said.

He emphasised the importance of direct participation by local communities in
the programme. "People must feel that the scheme is theirs. We therefore use
district councillors to take the message to the peoplé and we do not’start a
scheme unless we are certain of local interest and participation."

Mr Jellema said that Christian Care and the LWF had agreed to share resources
and personnel.

Ten local people in Marange district will attend a course today* ‘ata DDF
centre to learn the correct method of measuring wells and using explosives for

blasting.

cso: 3400/103



a JPRS-SSA-85-042
. 17 May 1985

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 28 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] Chitato--Like all agencies headquartered in this province,
the delegation of the Ministry of Transport is struggling with difficulties
which may worsen if the necessary measures are not taken.

In this connection, .the ANGOLAN PRESS AGENCY (ANGOP) obtained an interview
with Pedro Muhangui, present provincial delegate of transportation, who was
asked to speak about ‘the general transportation situation in the province.

He began by saying: "The transport delegation is subject to various
conditioning ‘factors which hamper its operation, ranging from the political-
military situation that the province is currently experiencing to the lack
of fuel and accessories.". .

According to Pedro’ Muhangui, there are only two vehicles to transport goods
between Lunda Norte/Lunda-Sul/Luanda and vice-versa and that is very
inadequate. There is no fuel in provinces and last year SONANGOL supplied
us with four tanks because we do not have reservoirs."

Further on, the provincial delegate for transport said that his company had
a fleet of trucks and all of them were inoperative due to a lack of parts
with no prospect of rehabilitation.

With regard to. the efforts that have been expended to overcome some of the
problems with which his company is struggling, the provincial official
replied:

ANGOLA
TRANSPORT SECTOR IN LUNDA-NORTE FACES DIFFICULTIES

"I have gone to Luanda several times to contact mainly the Angolan Airlines
(TAAG) directorate~general to help us transport fuel in one of the existing
cargo planes, but that type of plane does not have a tank and is intended
only for the transportation of aviation fuel.

"CONDAUTO [expansion unknown] has been at a standstill for about a year and
a half and owes its workers 18 months' wages.

"This is due mainly to the lack of fuel and the fact that most of its vehicles
are inoperative," added the transport delegate.



JERS-SSA-g5~049

U7 May 1985

ZIMBABWE

" MARONDERA TOWN COUNCIL APPROVES DEVELOPMENT OF NYAMENI TOWNSHIP

Harare THE HERALD in English 10 Apr 85 p 5
[Article by Oliver Gawe]

[Text] MARONDERA Town Council has approved. development ‘of. Nyameni township at
a cost of more than $7. million to alleviate the housing shortage in the town,
says the Mayor, Clr Innocent Shoniwa.

He told The Herald yesterday that a new primary school, a clinic and an
administration block would be built in the suburb during the current financial
year as part of a two-year development project.

More than 2 000 houses would be built in Nyameni while another 210 would be
built in Dombo-tombo.

"We intend to do more than we have done in the past four years, but this
would, however, depend on the availability of funds."

During the past four years the council. undertook development worth more than
$2 million in building 423 houses, electrification of 757 houses, improving
community facilities, road surfacing and the construction of a new pump

station.

Clr Shoniwa said the development.of the town had been hampered by lack of in-
dustrialists coming to invest in the town.

"I think our main disadvantage is that we are too close to Harare and many
inestors. would rather have their concerns in the capital than here."

The town has serviced industrial stands and'a railway link with the major
markets in the country; all the town needed was publicity.

"Unfortunately, due to lack of funds we cannot establish a publicity associa-
tion because it would be more costly compared to the benefits."

On the problem of streambank and illegal cultivation, Clr Shoniwa said the
council had established a co-operative's department which would issue people
with plots where they could cultivate as co-operatives.

136



JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

GUINEA-BISSAU

PORTUGAL TO FINANCE AGRICULTURAL TRAINING CENTER
Bissau NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 23 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] At the fifth meetingof the Joint Guinea-Bissau-Portugal ‘Comiission which
began Wednesday in Lisbon, Secretary of State for International Cooperation ~
Comrade Bernardino Cardoso said that Bissau and Lisbon are maintaining excellent
relations of friendship and cooperation, especially in the field of technical |
assistance, this being the one that has most served our’ country: ‘ .

Bernardino Cardoso expressed interest in continued assistance of this type and
proposed also that Portuguese firms make use’ of the new investment’ laws in
Guinea, to apply their capitals in projects that would generate wéalth.

For his part, the Portuguese Secretary of State for Cooperation, Gaspar da Silva,
who opened the meeting, said that Portugal is ready to ‘help Guinea“Bissau to
open an agricultural training center in the region of Bafata.

However, Gaspar da Silva, expressed regret at the fact that Portugual does

not have greater financial ability to’ really provide everything African nations
hope from it and.to implement, at all times, what the experts ‘and Portuguese
technology are able to give. ue whee sone we

The work of the meeting is distributed in two subcommissions, the “economic-
financial and the technical, sciéntific and cultural. : Over’ 30 pétsons of ‘the’ ”
two delegations are taking part in the meetings. a eS The .

11635
CSO: 3442/206

24



JPRS~SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

INKATHA REEXAMINES OBJECTIVES, FUTURE STATUS
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 22. Mar 85 p 12
[Article by John ‘Bhengu: "Tnkatha Receives Instructions on Sel f-Examination"]

[Text] Inkatha's central committee has received urgent instructions from its
leader, Chief Minister Buthelezi, to think about the future role of this large
black ‘organization in the midst of speculation that the South African govern-
ment may begin negotiations with the banned African National Congress.

Chief’ Minister Buthelezi addressed the central committee of Inkatha last week
and said to the 50 members that the ANC's leadership abroad views itself as a
group that speaks on behalf of all of South Africa. i

Moreover; the chief minister of KwaZulu pointed’ out that the ANC also enjoys
thig status with the Organization of African Unity and the United Nations.

The chief minister now wants the central committee to think the matter over
very seriously and give him a very clear mandate.

Chief Buthelezi clarified that he is looking for an affirmation of what sort
of organization Inkatha really is, and what its role will be in the medium and
long run.” . “ . , 5

The central committee also received instructions to decide whether it views
Inkatha as a “permanent dimension" of black politics in South Africa or whether
it merely fills a temporary gap "in present circumstances which may no longer
be the case tomorrow." : : .

Chief Buthelezi. was' just asked during his recent: visit to ‘the United States
whether he will disband Inkatha if talks between the South African government

and the African National Congress take place. :
bone Pe oa . : on to oe .
The reaction of Chief Buthelezi. himself and that of the central committee was
that Inkatha is moving more and more towards the center of gravity of South
African politics, and that it was established as a permanent group in South

Africa and will never be the surrogate of any other political organization.

93



JPRS~SSA~85-042
17 May 1985

ZAMBIA

KAUNDA'S CLEMENCY CRITICIZED AS POLITICALLY UNSOUND
London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL.in English 10 Apr 85 pp 7-8

[Text] KAUNDA'S DILEMMA--By overturning the death sentence on and acquitting
Valentine Musakanya last week the Supreme Court deprived President Kenneth
Kaunda of an opportunity to extract a plea for mercy from his long-standing
rival.

Musakanya, a former governor of the Bank of Zambia and one-time politician,
had been condemned for being involved in an elaborate, plot to topple Kaunda
(AC Vol 22 No 22). Death sentences of five members of the group were upheld
while two others were also acquitted. All had been in a maximum security
prison near Lusaka for most of the time since their arrest in October, 1980.

Sentences were upheld on: Edward Shamwana, a former High Court judge, who :
was about to be appointed Chief Justice. when the alleged plot was uncovered,

Yoram Mumba, a businessman, Deogratias Symba, a -Zairean politician, and two
drivers, Thomas Mpunga and Albert Chimbalile. Two others who were said to
be implicated, were also acquitted: Kanyembu Kabwita, a Zairean politician,
and Anderson Mporokoso, a Zambian Air Force officer who had been sentenced to
10 years' imprisonment for allegedly concealing the plot.

Shamwana has apprently vowed not to seek mercy, to.appease Kaunda's belief in
reconciliation, a practice the President has carried out in the past with
some well-known Zambian figures. The pattern is that the condemned man
writes to Kaunda admitting his faults and pleading for forgiveness, Kaunda
complies and after sanctioning the release, has the victim under his thumb.

Musakanya,; a Bemba, is expected to attract an opposition grouping around him
and is a potential unifying force for Kaunda's opponents or "dissidents", as
he calls them. They include former foreign. minister, Vernon Mwanga, Alexan-
der Chikwanda, another ex-minister and Elias Chipimo, a former high.commis~
sioner in London, These opponents believe Kaunda's method of running the
country has brought about its present near-bankruptcy.

The government appears to have as little prospect as ever of tackling the
country's daunting 63.7bn foreign debt. It relies on copper for,about 90%

of foreign earnings and has never come to terms with the slump in the world
price, The governor of the Bank of Zambia, David Phiri, is reportedly fight-~
ing a rearguard action against a massive devaluation of the kwacha.

cso: 3400/071



JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CONSERVATIVE PARTY BREAKS ELECTION AGREEMENT
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 21 Mar 85 p 20
(Editorial: "A Wreckless Deed"]

[Text] The Conservative Party apparently has only one goal in mind with
its decision to put forward candidates for the parliamentary and provincial
interim election in Newton Park; it wants to hurt the National Party--in - .
spite of the consequences. This is the result of the blind opposition of °
the KP [Conservative Party] leaders to the ruling party, ,

The fact that the KP does not have much chance of winning in Newton Park
doesn't make any difference to them; neither does the fact that their par-
ticipation can only improve the chances of the Progressive Federal Party. ~
Oncé again--just as in the referendum--this is a case of far-right action
playing into the cards of the leftists, and vice versa. Whether they’accept
it or not, right and left are again conspiring against the NP (National
Party].

The KP's joining the election struggle in Newton Park has elicited a fierce
reaction from an unexpected source: from the Herstigte Nasionale Party~-which
is, so.disturbed by the step of the KP that it now has taken up the gauntlet
against the KP. This could still develop into a heated argument between a
the KP and its far-right ally. ;
The propaganda organ of the HNP [Herstigte Nasionale Party] recently has
come out with the whole story and has effectively exposed the’ RP. . .

. ‘The, HNP admits in the paper that the KP participation can only be of benefit
‘to the PFP [Progressive Federal Party] and that the two "conservative" parties
had agreed in advance that they would not put forward any candid tes, ‘since ,
they would not be able to achieve anything in Newton Park,

* Because. of, the KP's one-sided cancelation of their Newton Park agreement, .-
the HNP accuses the KP of "reprehensible indifference" and "breach of' faith’--
~a strong judgment on an election partner fighting jointly in another coming
interim election, Harrismith!

86



Pedro Muhangui told us also that it is anticipated that that company will be
integrated into the ETP [expansion unknown] provided that it pays its large

debt.

As for the Post, Telegraph and Telephone (CTT), he told us that there is a
regulation in the province that calls for recording the letters, telegrams
and other types of mail but due to the lack of cadres with which that company
is struggling, it is limiting itself only to receiving and delivering the

mail.

There is also the problem of the National Telecommunications Company (ENATEL)
which, as evéryone knows, insures and facilitates the transmission of state
messages or personal convérsations. We asked this official about it and he
told us: "The Cacola exchange is inoperative due to sabotage perpetrated

by the little puppet groups and the problem has been turned over to the
central organs for resolution. Here in Lunda-Norte we only have a network
that operates between Chitato, Andrada, and Lucapa and operates with only
one line."

Muhangui concluded by saying that the airport problem is also a national
problem which the central organs should resolve as quickly as possible.

With regard to prospects, the provincial official told us that five buses
have already been rehabilitated and in the event that there is fuel,
they should begin to operate to serve the public. :

8711
CSO: 3442/216


Lag

A popular explanation given at the time for the outbursts in the United States
was the great progress made by Negroes. It was said that the more progress
Negroes made, the more eager they became to carry it through to the end. They
could no longer tolerate any delays.

It was striking that racial conflict intensified at a time when Negroes had
achieved ever higher positions in society, in public as well as private life.
Why was there then dissatisfaction?

The reason was that it was individuals who were making progress, while the
majority of Negroes were not a party to it. . There was a lag that caused great
frustration and could not be obliterated overnight. This can be seen in .
America to this day, and it is still the source of bitter reproach.

Difference

But now to point out the big difference with what is happening in South Africa.
Although the ordinary Negro could only with difficulty improve his personal
position, he could indeed find a certain pleasure in the achievements of other
individual Negroes. When’ a Negro was appointed to a high office, one of the
militants exclaimed, "This has filled the heart of every black American with
pride!"

Here in South Africa things are different.. Blacks here who achieve or who move
within the system into positions where they can help improve cooperation. between
the races are not only ruthlessly criticized, but are made the targets of the
worst forms of violence. :

There is something truly wicked about the fact that the black communities here
turn so readily against their own people, with devastating and fatal conse-
quences. This happens because there are forces at work for whom it is not
primarily a question of improving the lot of blacks, but rather a question of
their own designs.

Disease

Thus, the current unrest is not simply the result of the reform measures. There
are much worse things going on, with the result that violent attacks are being
perpetrated on everyone who wants to work within the system for orderly reform.
Everyone who values peaceful solutions. for this country will have to. help to

stem the tide to prevent’ this disease from spreading even further and making
meaningful talks and negotiations impossible.

12271
cso: 3401/111

92



A majority of the respondents were also opposed to equal opportunities for
advancement for blacks with the same qualifications and experience as whites.
In-all, 66.3 percent expressed their opposition to this.

A majority of white workers are also resistent to mixed facilities. Of. the
respondents, 84 percent indicated. that they have problems in that regard.
Among the complaints given were: the conduct of blacks in line and at the
table is uncivilized and provocative; blacks have poor table manners and eat
with their hands; the noise and bad smell where blacks eat take away one's
appetite; blacks jostle you at your dining area and end up taking over the
entire dining area; blacks are unhygienic and spread disease.

The majority of whites are of the opinion that the integration of labor
“ (whites and blacks doing the same work) will. result in conflicts. Almost
67 percent hold this view, while only 17.7 percent differ.

Multiracial labor unions also meet strong opposition from white workers: 67.4
percent are opposed to them, compared to 17.9 percent who welcome them.

White workers are clearly not ready for blacks to receive the same training as
they do in white areas (71.5 percent), and 42.8 percent of the skilled workers
are not prepared to train black apprentices. The opposition of white workers
to being under the authority of blacks on-the job is overwhelming: 80 per-
cent of the skilled workers say that whites will quit. This viewpoint is
shared by 68 percent of the technicians. :

The RGN's Institute for Manpower Research is very concerned about the attitudes
that emerged from the survey. “The present attitude of white skilled workers
and technicians towards the possible vertical mobility of blacks implies
serious problems for labor relations in an organization and for the organiza-
tion itself as well," it is stated. The Institute recommends that the atti-
tudes of workers should be changed, but adds that this will be difficult due
to their "extreme" nature.

12271
cso: 3401/112

97



JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

SWAZILAND

BEHKIMPI ADDRESSES 20TH TINKHUNDLA MEETING
MB211238 Mbabane Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 21 Apr 85

[Text] The prime minister, Prince Bhekimpi, and Indvuna ye Tinkhundla
[Governor of the Electoral College Constituencies] Mr Mndeni Shabalala, yes-
terday timely completed addressing 20 Tinkhundla [Electoral College Constitu-
ency] meetings. The 20 Tinkhundla meetings have been also completed on the
20th of this month, and was yesterday held at Emtsambama Inkhundla, in the
Shiselweni region, The mecting was attended by a reasonable number of memn-
bers of the community.

Before the meeting, the regional administrator of the Shiselweni region

Mr Enock Shabalala, expressec concern about the poor attendance of the
Inkhundla meeting. He was supported by the Indvuna ye Tinkhundla, who

called on chiefs to come forward and inform the authorities if they are un~-
able to control their subjects to perform national activities, ‘The Indvuna
ye Tinkhundla inquired from the governor of Emtsambama Inkhundla, Mr

Gudaguda Shabangu, whether he had actually informed the chiefs forming
Emtsambama Inkhundla about the meeting. In reply, Mr Shabangu said chiefs
were properly informed, twice, to summon their subjects to attend the meeting.

Addressing the meeting on a historical note, the prime minister, Prince
Bhekimpi, cited two mountain hills, Mtsambama and Mavukuthu, as where the
late Swazi kings, including Mswati, stood preaching the gospel of peace and
respect among the Swazi nation, The prime minister said if a Swazi national
does not have respect and peace, he or she is walking naked throughout the
kingdom. Prince Bhekimpi said even the Almighty God knows the Kingdom of
Swaziland consists of people who carry respect and peace and God will express
concern when the nation is failing to respect the monarch and their own
country. He described respect as the best education in life.

‘Turning to the unemployed people living in urban areas, and some have turned
to be robbers and prostitutes, the prime minister warned that such a behavior
was not a Swazi way of life and such people should immediately return to their
homesteads to consider farming as the best way of getting money. Prince
Bhekimpi conedmned people who consume alcohol excessively, and said such a
practice damaged internal parts of human beings and caused some misunderstand-
ings in the family. ‘The meeting was also attended by a member of the supreme
council of state, Liqoqo.

C380; 3400/81
113



cso:

3400/90

South African plan which had
followed previous “internal
tearrangements” in the terri-
tory. “

Crocker speculated that

South Africa had taken the ac-
tion to give the internal parties
“something political to do,
looking ahead to the time when
they will have to face interna-
tionally supervised elections”.

He said he expected replies

from South Africa and Angola

soon on American ideas for a:~
package agreement transmit-
ted to the two countries late
last month. .
The ideas were formulated
after South Africa and Angola
had differed sharply on the
timing of a Cuban pullout.

“@South Africa’s United Na-

tions representative, Dr Kurt
von Schirnding, was told by the
UN Secretary-General yester-
day that the UN regarded the
decision to establish an inter-
hal government in Namibia as
“null and void”,

Dr von Schirnding told re-
porters after his 30 minute
meeting with Mr Perez dé
Cuellar that he would be relay-"
ing the decision -- based on
consultations with legal ex-
perts —to the South African
Foreign Minister, Mr Pik

” Botha.

At the same time, the Afri-
can group at the UN called a
news conference to condemn
the South African decision and
asked the Security Council to
take up the matter.

Dr vori Schirnding said he
emphasised to the secretary-
general that the South African
Government would continue to
maintain direct control over
Namibia’s foreign relations and
defence policies.

“We will continue to negoti-
ate with the international com-
munity and with the UN in
search of an internationally ac-
cepted settlement”.

60



MILITIA PRAISED FOR DISCIPLINE, POLITICAL EDUCATION

Victoria SEYCHELLES NATION in English 19 Apr 85 pp 1-2

[Text]

THE Seychelles People’s
Militia is now much more
disciplined, better trained
and more strongly united
and motivated than ever
before, representatives
from all over Mahé have
commented as the force
enters its eighth month of
reorganisation.

Three of the representatives
who were members of the
militia before the nationwide
reorganisation and retraining
were launched last September,
all stated categorically that
there had been far-reaching
changes and much, and con-
tinuing, improvement.

Mr Christian Agathine of the
Central region told Seychelles
Nation recently that the
militiamen and women really
felt they were learning things
that would enable them to face
up to any dangers or challenges
that they could encounter while
carrying out their duties.

A colleague’ from South
Mahé, Mr Serge Marguerite,
said that members of the militia
were certainly more disciplined
nowadays while Mr Pascal Jac:
ques of West Mahé said that
the training was of such a
higher level that he felt con-
tinual refresher sessions were

66

needed.

A newcomer to the militia,
Mrs Annette Watts of North
Mahé, added, to the agreement
of the other representatives,
that the regionalisation of the
force had helped cooperation
and unity between different
districts. Their militiamen and
women were working side by
side, helping each other to pro-
tect and patrol each other’s
districts.

“When we sit and talk and
discuss politics and other sub-
jects important to our jobs and
the revolution, we feel like a
big family rather than rival
militia members from different
districts,” Mrs Watts, a 43-
year-old florist, said.

She added that such an ex-
perience helped a person de-
velop himself as an individual
also, and strengthened respect
for others.

“Tt shows that if we try, we
Seychellois can work side by
side well,” Mrs Watts said.

Important job

The militia representatives
where ‘also convinced that the
new training, the disciplinary
effect of the force and the ex-
perience of doing'such an im-
portant and responsible job to-

JPRS-SSA-B5-042
17 May 1985

SEYCHELLES


The Commandante Nelito Soares Complex markets its products through the
companies with which it has signed contracts, specifically EDIMBI, IMAVEST
and COMEL. In the marketing sector the complex also supports other state
and party agencies when requested, as well as physical education and sports.

With 740 workers, 200 of whom are women, the complex is also struggling with
the problem of lack of transportation-~inasmuch as the majority of its workers
live in the Samba, Viana, Cazenga and Golfe districts, and the problem of a
day-care center for working mothers.

With regard to the latter problem, the director said that it is one of
facilities because there is no space in the factory to set up a day~care
center.

Noteworthy is the fact that there is a health center that takes care of
workers and their family members as well as other workers of the textile
branch and other organizations, as well as a sports club where all federated
sports are practiced.

8711
CSO: 3442/216

11



“Inkatha is a democratic organization which, unlike any other organization, is
in touch with ordinary people. This fact is being recognized more and more,"
Chief Buthelezi. explained.

This year Inkatha will celebrate its 10th year of existence, and according to
Chief Buthelezi, Inkatha views the country's future as being one of “multi-
party democracy."

Chief Buthelezi says that he has only the highest esteem for ANC leader Nelson
Mandela, and has always made pleas on his behalf and that of other ANC leaders
who are imprisoned.

However, he did not do this in order to gain popularity in the press, but
rather "behind the scenes, for their sake and for the sake of South Africa."

He views Nelson Mandela as a hero and martyr, and history will always view him
as such. However, to the extent that South Africa is beginning to assume its
place in the modern world, the people of South Africa will not be dependent .
on him (Buthelezi) or Nelson Mandela or anyone else.

12271
cso: 3401/112

94



O- 50 100 150
Neeemeecteeetad
km a

TCHAD. 1)

Key: a
1. Chad 2) Cameroon 3) Central African Republic

Hissein Habre believes there is oil in Chad. He said so in Doba, Sahr and
Moundou: "Chad is full of oil, uranium, iron, gold and silver. That is what
Libya ‘wants and that is why it continues the war." He is referring to the war
in the north, naturally, but also in the south. Chadian authorities are con-
vinced that the "codos" (commandos) are only the instruments -~ willing or

not -- Tripoli is using to ruin Chad's "useful" economy, meaning that of the
south. According to this hypothesis, the "plan of subversion" consists of
paying the members of the southern underground, who for their part forbid the
peasants from planting cotton, thus pushing the rural population, deprived of
resources, to revolt against the central government. In the final analysis, the
Chadian Government is cut off from its main source of revenue: cotton, and
can no longer properly pay its army. It is therefore weakened. In the north,
the war and especially the drought also force several thousand herders to move
south. The bororo herds unwittingly trample the crops, causing inevitable con-
flict with the sedidentary southern peasants. Finally, this "invasion" of the
-people from the north, who are Muslim, helps spread the Arabic language and
Islam in a Sara south, meaning mainly Christian. It is an enormous’ "plot,"

they say. /

And yet, the government in N'Djamena has waged a strong counterattack. “En-
trusted by Hissein Habre with the mission of "pacifying" southérn Chad, Idriss
Deby, commander in chief ("Comchef") of the Chadian National Armed Forces (FANT),
and Ibrahim Mahamat Itno, minister ‘of interior, have traveled back and forth
across the south since November and the results are there to see: The activity
of the "codos" has been reduced (except in Moyen-Chari) and the tour of the
Chadian president went to well that he has undertaken another one since 7 April
in Mayo-Kebbi and Tandjile. "We have waged an awareness campaign and we have
been understood by the masses," Itiio calmly assured us. In the villages of

16



CONDITIONS FOR STUDENT READMISSION LISTED

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 16 Apr 85 p 1

[Article by Mitch Odero]

[Text]

cso: 3400/078

7 ‘

TWENTY Nairobi University professors have
joined. Kanu as life members, The Kenya Times

learnt yesterday.

In. addition, 3,300 members of the’ uiiversity’s staff”

have also joined Kanu out of the: eligible’ 5,320 members
of. staff; the deputy vice-chancellor (finance and ad-
ministration) Prof. Philip Mbithi said. we .

Meanwhile, the university has set. up.registration offices to
enable students.to enrol as party members at. Kabete campus
and at the.health sciences college, MBithi sai .

* The deadline for.the party’srecruitment. drive is in two week's

time: .

He said the university administration had been working out

disciplinary arrangements to avoid problems experienced at the”

university in the past.

4 The university has adequate machinery to deal with any ad-
ministrative-problems affecting its community, he said.

* Students whdMhad been sent

~ away following the closure of

the university’s main:campus
are due back next Monday
when. the. main..campus.

pens. . ote

The closure. was a result of
students’ disturbances which
lasted five days as they
boycotted their lectures and
defied gdvernment orders to-,
resume studies. The students
affected by the closure of the
campus were from the college
of humanities.-and social
sciences and the college of ar-
chitecture‘and engineering.”

“Students to be allowed to

resume classes-next week will
be required to. produce
evidence of having: been
bound over to be of. good con-
duct while studying at. the
university by their: respective
district magistrates.

Other conditions are:

@ They must produce a:cer-
tificate of conipliance with an

45

‘earlier «directive . which . re-.

quired them to report twice.a
week to their local:chiefs from
February 14:

@Students whose govern-
ment sponsorship was
withdrawn must produce writ-
ten evidence that other ade-
quate arrangements: to meet
the cost of their university
education had been made.

eAll first year students who
underwent National Youth
‘Service training at Gilgil and
Naivasha must produce a
receipt to the effect that they
had surrendered. their NYS
uniforms to their local chief
before being allowed to
resume’ studies.

_ Post graduate students were
not affected by the closure of.

the campus as weil as students -

in Kabete, Chiromo, Kenyat-
ta University College and the
School.of Medicine.

JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

KENYA



Maelstrom

The more attempts there are to summon these people to violence, the more
should be done to have them join together so that they are not dragged into
a maelstrom of violence,

Therefore the government should be congratulated on its attempts to initiate

a dialogue with the reasonable black people who want to avoid violence.
There is no other way.

8700
CSO: 3401/106

90



JPRS-SSA-85~042
17 May 1985

GUINEA-BISSAU’

BRIEFS

COOPERATION AGREEMENT WITH CUBA--The work of the Guinea~Bissau-Cuban Joint
Commission concluded Tuesday in Havana with the signing of a cooperation agree—
ment. The document, signed by Guinean Public Health Minister Alexandre Nunes
Correia and Cuban Justice Minister Juan Escalona, establishes that the Socialist
Republic of Cuba will help Guinea-Bissau in the fields of public health, edu-
cation, culture and sports, construction and agriculture. The two parties also
concluded an agreement by which Cuba will provide Guinea-Bissau with Cuban-made
audiovisual educational material. Alexandre Nunes Correia, who is heading the
Guinean delegation to the sixth meeting of the Joint Commission of Economic and
Technical-scientific Cooperation which took place from 11 to 19 of this month

in the Cuban capital, also signed on the same day, with Jorge Risquet, member

of the Politburo and of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Cuban
Communist Party, a protocol renewing the bilateral cooperation agreement between
the PAIGC and the Cuban Communist Party. [Text] [Bissau NO PINTCHA in
Portuguese 23 Feb 85 p 3] 11635

SOUTH KOREAN AMBASSADORS VISIT--Myung Kwan, Ambassador Extraordinary and
Plenipotentiary of South Korea, with residence in Dakar (capital of the Republic
of Senegal), last Thursday visited the Guinean Secertariat of Information at the
invitation of Comrade Agnelo Augusto Regalla, the Secretary of State for In-
formation of our country. The Korean diplomat, who arrived in Bissau on
Wednesday to carry out formal contacts with Guinean authorities, toured various
departments of the information offices where he was briefed on the operation of
the:services by high-ranking officials of the Secretariat of State for Infor-
mation. [Text] [Bissau NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 23 Feb 85 p 3] 11635

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE TO QADHDHAFI--Guinean Minister of Public Health Alexandre

ist
received in Tripoli on Sunday by the leader of the Social
sees te Tibyan Arab. x dhdhafi to whom he delivered a

People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriyah Muammar al-Qa t
pereonal message from President Joao Bernardo Vieira, it was reported by the

‘A-BISSAU NEWS AGENCY]. Alexandre Nunes Correia, who arrived in
toys Last Tuesday on a working visit, met with the secretary of foreign affairs,
Dr Ali Abdu-Salam Eltreki, with whom he discussed matters concerning
strengthening long-standing ties of friendship and cooperation between the two
countries. On this occasion the Guinean minister thanked the Libyan people am
government for the aid that country has given to Guinea-Bissau in many fet is
of development. He also stressed the support of the Socialist Arab Republic to
the liberation movements in Africa, especially to SWAPO. {Text] [Bissau
NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 27 Feb 85 p 3] 11634

28



KILIMANJARO FAMILIES TO BE RESETTLED IN MOROGORO

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 8 Apr 85 p 3

[Text]

cso:

“KILIMANJARO region plans to

move 1,000 families to Morogoro
Region where land for cultivation
is plenty, according to Shihata.

A report was issued after
a meeting held ~—_ between
the Regional Commis-
sioner's’ Office and the Prime
Minister’s Office in October 1983.
The report was a follow up of the
meeting which discussed shortage
of land for cultivation -and
livestock keeping in Kilimanjaro.

The report was also issued after
surveys conducted between
January 4 and 10 in new areas in
Morogoro Region. It was con-

cluded that there was enough

land—to accommodate more
people in the region, hence the
programme for ‘the 1,000
families.

In the initial plan, the families
were scheduled to be moved by
1984/85 financial year, however
there has been some delays it in the
preparation work.

3400/063

The report said that there was a
Possibility of establishing new set-
Hlements in’a 10,200 hectares area
in Tununguo, Korigwa, Kanga,
Difinga, and Bwage villages in
Morogoro District.

Other areas earmarked are
Ulaya, Kibano, Mhenda, Madizini
and Kisanga in Kilosa District, the
report said,

Tt has also been suggested that
surveys. be Snducted in Kilom:
bero and Ulanga districts for the
1985/86. This is being discussed
by Morogoro regional authorities

" ineluding village leaders,

128

Statistics show that a person In
Morogoro Region may use up to

..2.6 hecrates while in Kilimanjaro

It is 0.6. hectares, According to
the 1978 census, .Morogoro
Region had 931,447 compared to
Kilimanjaro which had 902,394
while they cover 73,000 square
kilometres and 13,209 sq. km
respectively. .

JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

TANZANIA


JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

ANGOLA

BRIEFS

UNITA 'COUNTERREVOLUTIONARIES' EXECUTED--In Lubango, the capital of Huila
Province, late this morning, seven counterrvolutionaries belonging to the
UNITA puppet group were executed after. being sentenced to death by firing
squad by the Politicomilitary Tribunal of the Fifth Region. These seven
counterrevolutionaries have served UNITA for a number of years, during which
they committed crimes against state security and defenseless people. In

being led to the execution field, the seven counterrevolutionaries were pre-
sented to the workers of Lubango municipality during a political ceremony which
took place at (Ngola) factory, under the chairmanship of Comrade (?Emilio. Jose),
the deputy coordinator of the Huila Provincial Committee of the MPLA-Labor
Party. [Text] [Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1900 GMT 19 Apr 85 MB]

UNITA ATTACKS NEAR LUENA--Free Land of Angola, 26 April (KUP)--UNITA armed
forces attacked a tank 6 km east of Luena on 7. April, killing all its occu-
pants. On 13 April, UNITA forces attacked two vehicles between Luena and
(Sacassange) and killed seven MPLA troops. [Text] [(Clandestine) KUP in
Portuguese to Southern and Central Africa 0700 GMT 26 Apr 85 MB]

WITH DRAWAL ‘DISGUSTING,’ SAYS ANGOLA--LISBON--Angola has dismissed as "a
disgusting political manoeuvre" South Africa's decision to withdraw its

troops from southern Angola. The Angolan Government said in a weekend state-
ment released through its official news agency, Angop, that South Africa's
decision had been motivated by domestic unrest and international criticism of
apartheid. Angop said the withdrawal represented neither a new initiative nor
a gesture of goodwill, but was simply the fulfillment of an agreement reached
more than a year ago with Angola in Lusaka. In exchange, Angola had agreed to
keep Swapo from moving back into Namibia. Angop said Angola had fulfilled its
side of the bargain. [Text] [Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 21 Apr

85 p 6]

cso: 3400/90

12



consolingly, that the ideologically prescribed transition from individual to”
collectivized and state farming "might take centuries."

-- Concentration on technically .less.demanding small enterprises’ vat local
level, which are less dependent ‘on imports. .

-- Encouragement of the private sector in trade and industry to quickly raise ©
the output of consumer goods.

-- Decentralization of responsibilities, the transfer of : decisionmaking to
provincial and local organs. tn is :

-- Qpening \up-of-the frdézén-FRELIMO -cadre party in direction of the increased
involvement of broad strata of the public in the planning of. future
development.

It is typical for Samora Machel's approach that the BRELIMO . leader’ is’smoothly:
conducting such a profound change in policy. The ideological heresy’of ‘the
Fourth Congress (its CC report even has a mention of "market economy") is
being implemented without renouncing socialism or the planned economy. It is
skillfully disguised by rooting "proletarian internationalism" :in-the party
statute and the introduction of a new and blood red party flag: ‘The: "Marxist:
creed is not jettisoned, and though the protagonists of ‘socialism, the balled
fist and violent measures are being removed from their offices and sent ‘to the:
provinces, they are not expelled from the establishment. Pe .

The opening to the West’ following the congress--Machel's trip*-to Europe’,
exchange of embassies with the United States, membership in the ‘World Bank and -
the International Monetary Fund--is not occurring on the ruins of the ties
with the Eastern Bloc. "Make new friends’ without losing the ‘old ones," is the
maxim. Samora Machel is not contemplating sudden changes’: in’ camps and:
objectives, he does not wish nor will be a Sadat. But he is ‘determined “to
lead Mozambique out of the two vicious circles--out of economic ruin and civil

war.

Economic rehabilitation was the concern of the Fourth Party ‘Congress.’ The war
crisis was dealt with in the'treaty of Nkomati, concluded with South Africa‘on
16 March 1984 on "nonaggression and good neighborly relations" and obligating
both countries to noninterference. South Africa's Apartheid regime is not ‘to
be threatened by infiltration of African National Congress (ANC) - partisans
from Mozambique, nor Mozambique's socialism by RNM rebels from South’ Africa. .

Unfortunately this plan is not making it. The economic réforms have no ‘effect
because Nkomati is not working. The Frelimo Congress resolutions’ cannot > ‘be’ °
implemented due to the devastating insecurity in the interior. The RNM
guerrillas--described in Maputo as "armed bandits"--are roaming the . open
country in all 10 provinces of Mozambique. Cities such as Maputo and Beira
have turned into. oases. from which nobody dares emerge’ except in” convoys
heavily defended by the army. After Nkomati, the security situation “in ©
Mozambique ‘has worsened so. much that the country® has ‘become virtually
ungovernable, can no longer be administered, supplied or coordinated ‘normally.

56.



JPRS-SSA-85-042

17 May 1985

‘IMPROVED CONDITIONS! LED WAY, TO PTA MEMBERSHIP

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 12 Apr 85 p 1

{Article by Attilio Tagalile]

[Text]

PRESIDENT Nyerere yesterday |

signed the Preferential Trade
Area: (PTA) agreement for
Eastern and’ Southern African
states’ marking Tanzania's formal
entry .into the four-year-old
organisation which was formed
with the objective of creating a
common market for ‘the region.

The. colourful | | ceremony,
which was held at Jkulw (State
‘House) in Dar es Salaam, was

also witnessed by Prime Minister ©
Salim’. Ahmied - Salim, PTA’

Secretary General “Bax ‘Nomvete
and current PTA Chairman of the
Council of . Ministers A.
Muganga, who is algo Burundi
Minister of Commerce and In-
dustries,

Speaking at the ceremony before ©
‘the agreement

Mwalimu — signed’

bringing PTA .members:to 15, ‘the:

Minister of State in the President's Of-
fice @ Responses for Regional and In-
‘Co-oper:

ration, . Ndugu .

Mustafa yang’ nyi, -said -Tanzania
took "time to sign the agreement not
out of lack of political will.

Noting that Tanzania was’ very
much committed to: regional andl in:
ternational co-operation, he said: the
country's posture-in external matters
could be clearly testified by its foreign
policy whose cornerstone he said was
the evolvement of socio-economic co-
‘operation ranging. from regional to in-
ternational scene.

' The Minister’ said Tanzania took

organisation's . clauses more closely,
especially having had _bitier_ex-
periences with past regional

operations which, he. said, collapsed
because they lacked @ song political

va Naugu Nyang'anyi said Tanzania
was in a way concerned that PTA

125

could fail just like other erstwhile
. Tegional economic groupings’ — its
good intentions notwithstanding — if
cautious moves were not taken.

The Minister. said Tanzania decided
to sign’ the agreement after being
satisfied with all the clauses in the
agreement. He, however, cautioned
that PTA. should truly serve the in-
terests of the member states in the
region.

“We don’t want PTA which will
benefit transnational corporations”, the
also involve itself in increased production
in agriculture, mines and industry.

Ndugu Nyang’anyi said given the
Present stalemate in’ the North-South
dialogue which showed clearly that the
rich North was not. prepared for the
evolvement of. a more equitable new
international economic order (NIEO),
there was need for the poor South to
strengthen’ regional __ economic
groupings such as PTA. . .

Calling on PTA members to commit
themselves to the treaty, the Minister '
said economic groupings in Western
and Eastern Europe -were strong”
‘because the countries were united.

PTA Secretary General Nomvete
described Tanzania's entry’ into ‘the
organisation as heralding the begin-
ning of a new and glorious chapter for
the PTA,” aa .

He said Tanzania's’ entry would
enrich and. raise the: status of the
organisation, \ especially \ now. when
Mwalimu was also the Chairman of
the Organisation of African Unity °
(OAU). 4

Ndugu Nomvete, who traced. the
organisation’s history from its infancy
in 1981:to maturity today under the
tutelages of “Prime Minister Robert
Mugabe of Zimbabwe, Presidents
Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia and Jean
Baptiste Bagaza of Burundi, described
the organisation as a collective
machinery that would help in pushing
forward the region’s economic
development.

TANZANIA



NUCLEAR PHYSICS DEGREE GRANTED--Fifteen candidates, including the first woman
to obtain a doctoral degree in Nuclear Physics at the University of Stellen-
bosch, will receive doctor's degrees today at a graduation ceremony at the
University of Stellenbosch. Mrs S.M. Froneman is the first female Ph.D.
candidate in nuclear physics at the University of Stellenbosch. A researcher
with KERNKOR [Nuclear Corporation] in Pretoria, Mrs Bronepgn received the
Ph.D. degree with the thesis "Nuclear Structure Study of ‘’Sc."

[Excerpts] [Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 14 Mar 85 p 5] 8700

VOLKSWAG ‘FUNDS, MEMBERSHIP DRIVE--The Afrikanervolkswag is going to launch

a large-scale membership-recruiting and fundraising campaign. The Free State,
North Transvaal and part of Cape Province have been chosen as target areas
for the campaign. Mrs Anna Boshoff, executive deputy chairman of the move~
ment, announced the campaign during a regional congress held over the weekend
in Maselspoort near Bloemfontein. The campaign will be launched on 20 April
in North Transvaal. Letters to recruit new members and collect money will

be mailed to 65,000 addresses in the area. Later--as soon as sponsors are
found for it--the campaign will be expanded to the Free State and part of
Cape Province. The entire project will ultimately cost 1.25 million rands. -
Letters will be sent to 650,000 people with Afrikaner surnames. The two-page
letter contains an explanation of "the Afrikaner crisis" and of the develop-
ment fund of the Volkswag. A tear-off strip is attached on which prospec-
tive members can join. Mrs Boshoff says the movement has about 4,700 mem-
bers. It was, however, realized after 1 year that there is no "general way"
in which to reach all Afrikaners. The movement doesn't have the "channels"
which others have. Therefore it was decided to start a campaign by mail.

The Free State was chosen as a target area because it has an even distribution
of country- and city-dwellers. After Mrs Boshoff's speech, Mr Pikkie Louw,
chairman of the meeting, asked the 60 or so representatives and interested
parties to contribute to the development fund of the movement, since "Anna
cannot depart with empty hands." [Text] [Bloemfontein DIE VOLKSBLAD in
Afrikaans 11 Mar 85 p 9] 8700 .

KOEBERG RADIATION SECURITY--The five radiation sensors of the Cape Divisional
Council, which have been out of operation for 2 to 3 months already, are
supplemental to the system of sensors which ESCOM [Electricity Supply Commis-
sion] has installed in the Koeberg nuclear power plant and its surroundings,
ESCOM announced yesterday. According to a report by the divisional council,
the sensors of the council must be modernized and repaired. That cannot

be done, however, because the company responsible for that has been placed
in temporary liquidation. According to Dr Stewart Fisher, deputy health
chief of the council, the sensors of the council monitor not only possible
radiation of Koeberg, but also background radiation. The ESCOM spokesman
said that ESCOM's system of sensors is adequate. Those of the divisional
council and of the municipality of Cape Town are supplemental. [Text]

[Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 16 Mar 85 p 9] 8700

CSO: 3401/106
109



JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

SWAZILAND

ZAMBIAN ENVOY MEETS WITH COUNCIL OF STATE
MB231326 Mbabane THE SWAZI OBSERVER in English 23 Apr 85 pp 1, 3
[By OBSERVER reporter]

[Excerpts] Zambia's high commissioner to Swaziland, Mr Cox Sikhumba, is cur~
rently in the country to get the “correct version" of the political situation
in the Kingdom. .

Yesterday he met members of the Supreme Council of State, (Ligoqo) at
Nkhanini whom he described as a galaxy of people constituting the policy-
making in. the land.

"Since the Ligqogo is the policymaking policy, I have come to be briefed about
how the Kingdom goes about with its daily activities.

“As a high commissioner of Swaziland, I did not find it necessary to speculate
the affairs of the Kingdom. Since my country is a friend to Swaziland, I can
consult Liqogo members to be briefed on the correct version of the state of
affairs in this Kingdom.

“These meetings are very significant because my president, Mr Kenneth Kaunda
was very mich attached to the country when the late King Sobhuza was still
with us.

"I believe that this friendship should not come to an end now just because
King Sobhuza is dead.

"My president has wished that I call on the elders.of this beloved nation and
get the story from the horse's mouth," Mr Sikbmba said.

He said he came her to be briefed on the political situation and the state of
the economy.

He has already had consultations with the Minister for Justice, Mr David Matse,
the Minister for Interior, Mr King Mtetwa and the Minister for Works and Com-
munications, Chief Sipho Shongwe. .

Mr Sikhumba said he still had another ministerial line-up on his schedule.

111



ZAMBIA

New Electoral Districts, Constituencies for Zanzibar,’ Pemba
(DAILY NEWS, 11 Apr 85).cecsccccccsccctceccececcrctececees

UAE Delegation Arrives
(DAILY NEWS, 10, 12 Apr 85)..iccccccveccecciecceesceeceves

Aid Cooperation Discussed
Agreement Signed, by Nasibu Mwanukuzi

Terror Response to Fundamentalism Fears
(ARABIA: THE ISLAMIC WORLD REVIEW, Mar 85).....cceeeeeeee

Lack of Accountability Stressed as.Country's Biggest Woe
(John Kimwaga; DAILY NEWS, 8 Apr 85)..c.cceccscccceececsecs

"Improved Conditions’ Led Way to PTA Membership
(Attilio Tagalile; DAILY NEWS, 12 Apr 85).....ceceeeesces

Mwinyi, Li Hold Talks in Pyongyang
(Joseph Assama; DAILY NEWS, 11 Apr 85)...ceccscecceccecees

Kilimanjara Families To Be Resettled in Morogoro
(DAILY NEWS, 8 Apr 85)...ccecececececcsececvcccrceseceees

Tanneries Plan Export Increase
(DAILY NEWS, 9 Apr 85)...ccseeccecccccccccccccveccscvesees

Staple Food Prices Drop Easing Cost of Living
(DAILY NEWS, 12 Apr 85)....ccccccccccveccccencvsccecessens

Major Cash Crops To Undergo Rehabilitation
(Mussa Lupatu; DAILY NEWS, 6 Apr 85)..ccseecssceccsecences

Briefs
Voil To Install Generator
Militia Requests Cheaper Uniforms
Mkapa for Angola

Kaunda's Clemency Criticized as Politically Unsound
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 10 Apr 85)..sccceccecccccecevccvcees

ZIMBABWE

Marondera Town Council Approves Developemnt of Nyameni Township
(Oliver Gawe; THE HERALD, 10 Apr 85)...ccscsccsscecesecces

Lutheran Church Group To Sink 60 Wells in Mutare
(THE HERALD, 10 Apr 85)...cccecccccccccccccecceccescvccees

118

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121

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127

128

129

130

132

134
134
134

135

136

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JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

“> SOUTH. AFRICA

INVESTIGATION ORDERED OF UITENHAGE RIOTS, POLICE WRONGDOING

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 27 Mar 85 p 16 pet

[Commentary by Dawie in "My Political Pen'" Column: "The Truth Must be Known -
and Judge Wants it Known as Soon as Possible]

[Text] Judge Donald Kannemeyer apparently has no illusions about the-serious-
ness and urgency of the investigation he has to conduct into'the disturbances -
in Uitenhage.

He wants to determine exactly what happened, to the extent that is possible;... °
and submit his report as soon as possible to the state president--who under- TM
stood the implications and ordered an investigation right away. :

The judge should know that with his intention he has ‘the support of: the’ entire:
country.

Each time there are large-scale disturbances, there are many stories about a
indiscretions and transgressions by the police or other officials. This

time the rumors are very intense indeed, and _ Strong allegations are being ~
made. '

No Room res

There is great need for the truth to be determined and made known as soon «* ‘
as possible,

This time there is no room for the old malady commissions .so easily make’
themselves guilty of, namely of getting bogged down in amaze of. details: o
and working for many months on a hefty report. ‘ eh

Damage

If the stories are not true, those who spread them must be rapidly‘ exposed.
If there are any unpleasant truths, then that fact must be admitted aid’
further dealt with.

The incident in Uitenhage took. place at a’ moment which could cause the’ = -
greatest damage to South Africa.’ Reports indicate that the enemies of the. +
country abroad have indeed attacked us vehemently in order to take ‘full’ .
advantage of the situation.

88



JPRS-SSA-85-042

17 May 1985

LIBEL SUIT LEADS TO INJUNCTION OF EXPRESS

Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW in English 26 Apr 85 pp 10-11

[Text]

cso:

THE high court, sitting in Nairobi, has
upheld an injunction filed by a former MP
for Nakuru North, Mr. Koigi wa
Wamwere, restraining further publication
and distribution of a local magazine, The
Express, pending the hearing of a libel
suit filed against the magazine by
Wamwere. Mr. Justice S.K. Sachdeva, on
Monday this week ordered the magazine's
editor, Mr. Mohamed Warsama, the
publisher, Messers Tourab Ltd., and the
distributors, The Standard -Ltd., from
publishing and distributing the current
(undated issue) and the October 1984
issues of The Express magazine. “The
first and the second defendants are to.
recall the two. issues (of The Express)
within 21 days from today,” Justice
Sachdeva ruled. The judge gave a second
order restraining the editor, the publisher
and the distributors of the magazine from
publishing other. issues of the magazine
which would purport to report on
Wamwere on any alleged political
comments until the libel suit is over.
Wamwere, who was represented in the
high court by Mr. Gibson Kamau Kuria,
had filed an injunction asking the court to
order the magazine editor and publisher
to be ordered to withdraw from the

3400/087

33

market, copies of the magazine claiming
that the magazine libelled him. “The
imminent damage to the reputation
apart, the applicant fears that the defen-
dants who have repeated the libel they
first published in October 1984 issues in
the current issue may repeat it in yet a
future issue of The Express”.

_ After publishing the alleged libellous
material in its October 1984 edition, the
magazine’s editorial .in .its current .issue
calls for Wamwere to be expelled from
Kanu. Wamwere was first detained by the
government of the late President Jomo
Kenyatta in 1975. He was again detained,
this time by President Daniel arap Moi’s
government, in August 1982 soon after the
arbortive coup and was only released on
December 12 last year. He had argued in
his supporting affidavit that the two
issues of The Express were extremely
damaging to his reputation and would
cause irreparable damage if they were
allowed to continue being sold and dis-
tributed to the public. He further claimed
that through the current issue, the defen-
dants were trying to coerce him not to file
the libel suit. The libel suit will be men-
tioned on April 29. os

KENYA



Agreement Signed

Dar es Salaam DATLY NEWS in English 12 Apr 85 p 1

[Article by Nasibu Mwanukuzi]

[Text]

cso:

TANZANIA and the United Arab
Emirates (UAE) yesterday signed
an agreement establishing a joint
commission for economic co-"
operation between the two coun-
tries. :

The agreement was signed at
the end of a two-day meeting bet-
ween. the two sides in Dar es
Salaam.

Tanzania was represented by
the Minister of State in the
President's Office Responsible for
{International and Regionat Co-
peration, Ndugu Mustapha
Nyang’anyi, while the UAE side
was represented by the Director
General of Economic Affairs’ in
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
Ambassador Mohammed Khalifa
el-Yousef.

Yesterday's signing put a final seal
of approval to moves initiated by the
two sides in December, 1974. when a
memorandum of understanding was
signed in Abu Dhabi following a joint
ministerial meeting. .

‘According to the minutes made
available to the Daily News yesterday,
the two sides have’ also agreed to
establish a joint investment company.
The company would be formed after
the two sides exchange documents on
their respective foreign investment
policies.

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120

During the meeting, Tanzania tabled
proposals for new areas of co-
operation in the field of petroleum
supply, livestock development und
rehabilitation of the sugar industry.
Other areas include joining in finan.

cing, the ammonia ‘fertilizer plant ~'

(KILAMCO) as well as several projects
in Zanzibar. . :

It is understood that the Tanzanian
side has requested the UAE for long
and short-term credit to finance the
importation of petroleum: Tanzania's‘ '
annual need of the product . js
1,050,000, metric tonnes. The UAE
has agreed to consider the request and
relay its response before the end of
next month, according to the minutes.

So ‘far, the UAE has supplied the
country with nearly 40 per cent of her
annual requirement of petroleum bet-
ween 1977 and 1982 under a com-
mercial contract between the Tanzania
Petroleum Development’ Corporation
(CPDL) and the Abu Dhabi National
Oil Company. . wt rs

The two sides have agived w win a
follow up team. which will ts ocm-
prise the Tanzanian Ambassador’ .to
Egypt and thd leader’ of the: UAE.
delegation. The commission will hold
its next meeting in the UAE in April,
next year. .: : boas,

The UAE delegation is expected to,

“leave for home’ on .’Sunday after
visiting’ national parks in the country, ©



JPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

RESULTS oF SURVEY ON WHITE WORKER ATTITUDES TOWARDS REFORMS
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in-Afrikaans 13 Mar 85 pp 1, 13
[Article: "White Workers Reject Wiehahn"]

[Text] An overwhelming majority of white workers reject the government 's
labor policy.

From a survey conducted by the RGN [Human Sciences Research Council] in the
Pretoria-Rosslyn-Brits area, it appears that a preponderance of white skilled
workers and technicians are opposed to the changes in labor policy that have
been introduced since 1979 on the recommendation of the Riekert-Wiehahn Com-
mission.

The report, drawn up by the Institute for Manpower Research, only recently
came into the hands of DIE AFRIKANER. It has yet to be published officially.

The report can be viewed as a piece of political dynamite because there emerges
from it the fact that white workers not. only reject the government's labor
dispensation in its entirety, but are also in favor of work reservation, are
opposed to multiracial labor unions and equality on the job, and are not pre~
pared to train blacks in white areas. White workers are also very much
opposed to the appointment of blacks to positions of authority over them.

The survey was taken in 1983 in order to.determine the attitude of white skilled
workers and’ technicians towards the advancement of blacks on equal footing with
whites in the same organization.

The opinions of 603 white skilled workers and technicians employed in the auto-
motive sector, the service sector, manufacturing companies and companies asso-
ciated with the automotive industry were requested.

The single most important finding in the survey is probably represented by the
answers given by the workers to the question of whether they are satisfied
with the changes in the area of labor. No less than 70.4 percent answered in
the negative to this. Only 29.6 percent were satisfied with the changes.

Of the skilled workers, 79.2 percent were dissatisfied with the changes, while
52.3 percent of the technicians rejected them.

95



OPRS-SSA-85-042
17 May 1985

KENYA

KANU PARTY MEMBERSHIP FIGURES RELEASED
Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 18 Apr 85 p 3
[Article by Kauli Mwembe]

[Text] THE latest Kanu recruitment report has been released and shows that
the majority of the districts have already registered more than 50 per cent
of the eligible people in those areas.

The report which was made available to The Kenya Times shows that as at
April 12, districts with the highest percentage of people registered were
Isiolo, 113 per cent, Mombasa 90.6 per cent, Lamu 81.9 per cent and Laikipia

80.4 per cent.

Although Isiolo's eligible people for registration is 17,673, the number
registered was 20,009.

The Permanent Secretary in the Office of the President, Mr. James Mathenge,
explained that this was due to migration of people who moved into the area
from neighbouring districts because of the recent drought.

Nakuru is shown as leading in the number of civil servants recruited into the
party who number 20,071. The total number of people registered there so far
is 151,710, representing 77.9 per cent of the total eligible people.

The largest numbers have been registered in Kakamega Machakos, Kiambu, Mom-
basa, Kisii, Kericho, Bungoma, and Murang'a.

The above-mentioned districts had registered between 110,000 and 188,000 peo-
ple each.

Total people registered nationwide as at April 12 was 3,061,419 out of the
5,527,401 eligible people. This represents 55.39 per cent of the wtal.

Other districts which have registered more than half of their total eligible
people include Baringo, Samburu Busia, Kirinyanga, Embu, Mantera and
Taita-Taveta

Those which are nearly half-way their figure of eligible people include Kitui,
Nandi, Kwale, Kilifi, Garissa and Wajir.

cso: 3400/079 36