#### Matter of the Assignment of Robert Adams.

(Supreme Court, New York Special Term,

July, 1898.)

Trádé-marks — Eight óf a person to prevent the sale of his own name.

Where a person named Robert Adams, and .who did business under the name of “ R, & H. Adams ”, made a general assignment for the benefit of creditors, the court refused, upon the objection of Robert Adams, to permit his assignee to sell a common-law trade-mark, “ R. & H. Adams ”, and particularly where it appeared that the assigned had already sold a half million labels bearing this name to one Robert IP. Adams, to be used by him on goods purchased of the assignee; in so far as the label might be used rightfully. Such a sale to a stranger 'would be calculated to produce confusion and deceit and would debar the owner of the name from retrieving his fortunes.

Motion for a reargument.

William B. Tullis, for moving creditor.

Ritch, Woodford, Bovee & Wallace, for Robert F. Adams and Robert Adams.

*294Russell, J.

A motion is made to reargue the order to show cause why the previous *ex parte*order directing the sale of an alleged •trade-márk should not be set aside. The present motion is not based upon any allegations of fact omitted on the previous hearing through inadvertence or any occurring subsequently to the hearing of the motion, but upon the ground that the justice who decided the motion “ overlooked, decisions which were . inconsistent with his conclusion and held directly the opposite.” If the supposition of the counsel now moving for a reargument was correctly founded, an- appeal should have been promptly taken instead of a motion for a reargument, unless the oversight of the'justice was so. palpable that his error would be corrected at once upon presentation of the merits involved in the motion. 1

Therefore, it may become material to consider briefly the ques;tion as to whether there was enough presented on the prior motion . in favor of the decision rendered to give the judicial mind a sufficient basis to fairly decide the question, notwithstanding the affidavit of the counsel now moving as to the oversight so strenuously complained of.

The party moving to set aside the *ex parte*order, Robert Adams, made a general assignment for the benefit of creditors. Upon an *ex parte*application the assignee was directed to sell the supposed common-law trade-mark bearing the name of “ R. *&*H. Adams.” It was claimed that this trade-mark existed and was the property of the assignor at the time of the assignment, and so incidentally passed to the assignee. Prior to the granting of this *ex parte*order the same assignee had. sold to Robert F. Adams a half a million of labels bearing the name of *“*R. & H. Adams,” to be used upon the goods purchased of the assignee by Robert F. Adams, or upon any others upon which the labels could be properly -used without deception. If the assignee is now to be permitted to sell the name “ E. & H. Adams,” as a common-law trade-mark, the result will inevitably follow that the purchaser, whoever he may be, can place upon the market goods not manufactured by R. & H. Adams, but by such purchaser, and stamp thereon the name “ R. &• H. Adams,” as though such goods were manufactured by Robert Adams, the assignor, while for some weeks or months Robert F. Adams will have been vending goods manufactured by Robert Adams or Robert F. Adams with labels purchased from the same assignee and bearing the name “ R. *&*H. Adams.” It would seem, therefore, .that the separation of the name as a trade-mark by *295a subsequent sale to be used notwithstanding_the rightful use of,a vast number of labels bearing the same name 'by the authorization of the assignee, would tend to produce confusion and. deceit on the public purchasing the commodities, and that such a result should not be permitted under the cover of a supposed transfer by force of the general assignment and a subsequent *ex 'parte*order of this court.' •

The supposed trade-mark is substantially the name of the assignor Robert Adams, who did business under the name of R. *&*H. Adams. If Ms name is of value as a trade-mark it was made so by the skill and energy with which he associated that name in Ms conduct’ of the business prior to the assignment. If it shall now forever be transferred to a stranger to be used, by an involuntary transfer so far as Robert Adams is concerned, and alone by force of an assignment of the name by the general assignee whose duty ends with the conversion of the property of the assignor into money for the payment of debts, then we have the case of a stranger using a name not associated with his own business solely by force of the assignment, wMle the assignor Mmself is debarred forever from using Ms own name in Ms future efforts to retrieve Ms fortunes by intelligence and energy in any way that would lead the public to believe that the same person was manufacturing and vending goods, who formerly manufactured the same line under the name “ R. *&*H. Adams.” ISTo authority hps yet been cited by counsel to’ justify such a result. ’

We may fairly suppose that the justice who set aside the *ex parte*order for a sale of this name had some familiarity with the decision of the Court of Appeals in the leading case of Charles S. Higgins Co. v. Higgins Soap Co., 144 N. Y. 462. That case, properly construed, is an authority to sustain the ruling of the justice instead of being, as the counsel claims, directly opposite to' the conclusions reached. The Court of Appeals there held that the personal name Higgins could not be used by the corporation defendant; that the use of a man’s family name is one of wliich he cannot be deprived, and that its use by the Higgins Soap Company would tend to produce confusion and deceit. What would be the result here if a person by the name of Smith or RitcMe should be permitted forever after to use the name of “ R. & H. Adams ” for the manufacture and sale of goods, and Robert Adams should be forever' debarred from such use? See, also, on the subjects discussed, Cox’s Manual on Trade-Marks, 123, citing cases upon kindred subjects.

*296, It is> therefore, apparent that the justice who set aside the *.eso parte*order had considerations of some weight, at least, to justify his conclusion, and, therefore, if the defeated party thought him in error, an appeal should have been taken instead óf a motion for a reargument.

The other objections- are not of force. Eo one could have a more potent interest or a better standing to move to set aside.an order for th,e sale of his own name than the assignor himself, and the puchaser of the labels joining with him certainly ought to- have a standing to bring to the consideration of the court the proposed' improper use of,the name in a way calculated to mislead the trading public. And, as the sale was under an *eos parte*order of this court, it would not seem necessary to bring an action to test these questions when the court always has power to set aside its qwn orders, and especially one which was not obtained by notice to any party interested.

The motion for reargument is denied, with $10 costs.

Motion denied, with $10 costs.