They have been surmounted in the enterprises as well, because the workers have
participated in the planning and even in night-time patrols, and in the meetings
which have been held.

The difficulty which still exists is that of the lack of pants for the militia-
men, as well as rain-capes, to ensure the success of the patrol work.

2909
CSO: 3442/187



about a shortage of this fish, which is marketed in the capital of the
country. This is a quantity which has become little, because there are many
mouths.to feed. It has long been known that fish breeding is possible, and
the Zimpeto Crop and Livestock Complex is proving the truth of this again.

5157
csO: 3442/197

36


JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

~ MOZAMBIQUE

PRODUCTION DIVERSIFIED AT ZIMPETO CROP, LIVESTOCK COMPLEX
Maputo TEMPO in Portuguese No 748, 10 Feb 85 pp 26-31

[Article by Augusto Casimiro: "Zimpeto Green Zone--A Little Bit of the Much
Which Exists in Maputo"]

[Text] The green zones in the capital of the country have an incalculable
potential. When all of them are producing fully, there will be a great
surplus even after Maputo is supplied with the widest variety of foodstuffs.
The Zimpeto Crop and Livestock Enterprise is an example to note. Covering
three blocs totaling 20 hectares, it reported profits of 4800 contos last
year.

There is there a little bit of almost everything, from chickens, hogs, ducks,
rabbits and cattle to apiculture and fish breeding, and including orange,

banana, tangerine, grapefruit and lemon groves. There are nhemba beans, corn
and all kinds of garden crops. There is also a serious problem: the lack of
transportation facilities and the support needed from the Green Zones Office.

The proprietors, Jose Chicoe and Maria Fumo, are a charming and hardworking
couple. He is 43 and she is 3 years younger, and their day-to-day work is at
that complex. He oversees the three blocs of the complex and she goes to the
market to sell the articles produced there.

"Mozambican honey is one of the treasures which comes from there. Another of
the characteristics of the complex is its two lagoons, where 'tilapias' are
produced.”

Complex Produces Everything

The Zimpeto Crop and Livestock Complex is divided into three blocs. In one,
with an area of 10 hectares, crops are grown and there is some livestock
raising. Another, with 7 hectares, raises hogs, and the third, with 3 hec-
tares, is for poultry only. In all, there are 10,000 chickens and ducks,
360 rabbits, 320 hogs and 12 head of cattle. .

A spring and an underground tank provide the water.

Established in 1981, during which year the profit earned was 1800 contos, ‘the
complex developed, not little by little, but in a rather sudden burst, so

32



JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

UMBELUZI CENTER TRAINS AGRICULTURAL ASSISTANTS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 20 Feb 85 p 8

[Text] "The knowledge that has been acquired during this course should not
constitute a means of making demands at your work sites," declared the acting
director of human resources from the Ministry of Agriculture, Justino Thonela

- Faduco, speaking at the close of the seventh course in agriculture, livestock
and citrus fruit, which took place last Saturday at the Agrarian Technical
Aides Training Center of Umbeluzi, in the district of Boane, in Maputo. The
course was entitled "N'Komati Accord."

In his address, that official wanted to remind the 53 cadres now trained of the
purpose of the course.

Started in March of last year, this course consisted of 10 months of theore-
tical classes and two practical ones, and 63 students from enterprises associated
with the country's agrarian sector took part in it initially.

The center was created in 1977, in fulfillment of the directives from the
FRELIMO Party's Third Congress. By means of it, the Ministry of Agriculture
is engaged in training specialized workers for the key sectors of agriculture
in the country; which has made it possible, up until now, to minimize the
difficulties confronted in this area. Since the flight of Portuguese techni-
cians, 646 qualified native workers have been trained.

In addition to the certificates distributed on this occasion, there was an
announcement of the names of certain students and teachers who had distinguished
themselves during the year, by their work.

The report submitted on this occasion by the center's director, Antonio Saimon,
stressed, among other points, the standing of the students who completed their
training, which was considered satisfactory, considering the difficulties
encountered by the center; difficulties caused by the rain last year and the
short supply of foodstuffs, among other factors.

The same situation wa3 also underscored in the report from the students. With
the joint initiative and effort, the difficulties were increasingly left behind.

In the report, they reaffirmed their readiness to make proper use of the know-
ledge acquired there.



are four state agricultural enterprises and 39 private farmers, 18 of whom are
considered to be large producers. The development of the cooperatives is still
in an embryionic phase.

All the sectors (state, cooperative, private and family) engage in their
economic activities on an area estimated at thousands of hectares, with
various crops.

There are also some important economic infrastructures in Nhamatanda, such as
the railroads and a quarry. This district is also responsible for a lengthy
expanse of electric power line which supplies the city of Beira.

According to the administrator of Nhamatanda, Daniel Salipe Jacobo, the forecasts
for the current agricultural campaign indicate that good results will be accrued
in comparison with previous years, particularly in growing corn. This claim is
based on the regularity of the rainfall and the efforts expended by the popula-
tion, which has expanded its growing areas.

One of the sites visited by the director of Sofala Province during his stay in
the district of Nhamatanda was the Metuchira reeducation center, which has been
operating on an experimental basis since May of 1983. It currently has 356
inmates who are engaged in agricultural production, and the raising of hogs,
rabbits and ducks, in addition to building houses and doing trade-type jobs.
Here, Marcelino dos Santos left instructions for attaining self-sufficiency in
food, by working with the resources that exist locally.

He said: "There must be a deep sense of the manner in which the individual is
educated, leading the one to be reeducated to an exhausting job and later to
political work. It is not a reeducation center in which there are loafers and
criminals that will give us the best conditions."

That member of the FRELIMO Party's Politburo made these comments after having
heard the report of the activities carried out there, which was submitted
orally by the respective commander, Felix Linha.

Among many points focused on, there was a demand for the provision of a tractor
for the farm work, inasmuch as, for the current agricultural campaign, the cen-
ter intended to make use of an area of 270 hectares for corn. However, 127
were cultivated and only 80 were seeded. The lack of machinery was cited as
the main cause of this failure.

It was in opposition to that argument that Marcelino dos Santos remarked:
"Anyone who offends the society must be reeducated, primarily with manual
labor, so that he will acquire’a liking for work. For this reason, the notion
of a tractor and fuel must be set aside. It is indeed necessary to use the hoe,
machete and scythe, working only with the hoe, and obtaining a good yield,
perhaps using yokes of oxen."

He noted: "We must assimilate the population's experience; also because it is
hot to a reeducation center that we shall give priority. There is no reason
that this center should not be profitable, and should not be able to become

self-sufficient."
.



JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 april 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

MANDRUZE RICE EXPERIMENT=-The Mandruze Production Unit, formerly the property
of the now defunct Sofala Agricultural company, has introduced indirect seed-
ing this year, for the first time, transplanting rice seedlings grown in nur-
series, The unit introduced this agricultural technique because of the constant
rains which have been flooding the fields, making it impossible to sow the

seed directly. According to Alberto Baltazar, the director of this young enter-
prise, the transplanting is proceeding and the intent is to plant the 300
hectares under cultivation, of which 150 have already been planted in the cur--
cent agricultural campaign. DIARIO DE NOTICIAS also learned that in indirect
seeding, the only means of growing rice in indundated fields, 1/4 hectare of
nursery seedlings will cover about 50 hectares when transplanted. With 69
workers, 3 tractors and 2 “Caterpillars,” the Mandruze. Production Unit is
having manpower problems; since the equipment cannot be operated in the rain-
flooded fields, all the labor is manual. In the 1983/1984 agricultural cam-
paign, the Mandruze unit produced about 250,000 kilograms of rice, harvested
from 240 hectares, although 460 hectares had been planted, because of the drought
that affected agricultural production last year. [Text] [Beira DIARIO DE
MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 12 Feb 85 p 5] 6362

SOYBEAN POTENTIAL IN LIOMA=-Technicians engaged in the seed production and
experimentation program at the Agricultural Development Unit in Lioma Region,
Zambezia Province, feel this zone has great potential for soybean cultivation.
Studies conducted over the last 4 years, with the introduction and experimental
production of soybeans in a 300-hectare area, indicate a yield of 2 to 3 tons
perhectare. One of the factors contributing to the high yield at the Lioma
unit is that the weather conditions are highly favorable to soybean cultivation.
In Brazil, for example, one of the world's largest soybean producers, the
average yield is 1.5 tons per hectare. [Text] [Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in
Portuguese 9 Feb 85 p 3] 6362

PESTICIDE PLANT EXPANSION=-A project to expand and improve the pesticide and
insecticide manufacturing plants should be carried out soon, as part of the
cooperation between Mozambique and Portugal. The two countries signed an agree~
ment for execution of the project during the SADCC [Southern African develop-
ment Coordination Conference] meeting in Mbabane, Swaziland. According to

the director of the Management Unit of the Chemical Industry, the technical
support for the bilateral cooperation project will be provided by the Portuguese
firm QUIMIGAL, and the Portuguese Institute of Economic Cooperation will handle
the financing. The Mozambican authorities consider it extremely important to
expand and improve the activity of the pesticide and insecticide production units.
(Text] [Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 9 Feb 85 p 16] 6362

69



As he explained, he hunts for the wood in the direction of Matola Gare, less
than 20 kilometers from the capital, without any loss of time, because he
already has regular suppliers who pile it up at the edge of the road, ready
to be carted.

In that section wood is plentiful, and the prices are very low.

Before noon, the truck is already returning, and heads immediately for the
locations where it is sold, where the wholesale purchasers also quickly
find it. The payment is immediate and the unloading is done by those
interested in buying.

The owner does not participate directly in these transactions, because he
does not want to run unnecessary risks. He remains waiting for the receipts
and organizes the next trip, which is always the same and is stopped only
on Sundays.

The profits go immediately into his pockets, and he has nothing further to
be concerned about, unless there should be a breakdown and a need for spare
parts. In this case, he himself intervenes, because the parts are difficult
to find, and therefore he has to resort to the parallel markets.

But even if he has to pay 10 times more than the normal price for a mere light
or brake lining, his financial situation never undergoes a crisis, because
the profits offset those expenses by far.

His intervention is also necessary during the repair work on the vehicle, so
that it will be repaired with the utmost speed, so as to return to business
immediately.

Middlemen

Of all those taking part in the wood business, the owner of the car is without
question the privileged one; the one who procures the "lion's share", that is,
the largest and clearest profits, with the least effort.

And if not, let's observe: At the outset, the cutter or collector must cover
long distances often to gather the logs and carry them on his head to the road.
He is also subject to being left with the production unsold, because the
competition is great and the truck owners don't always pay him the fair price.

The truck driver is another of the middlemen who benefit little and risk a
great deal. In his task of driving the vehicle, he risks having an accident
on the road and having to drive very skillfully on certain roads that are not
very safe.

He undergoes sun and rain, and his wages are nothing great; althovgh he may
benefit from an extra shipment for business beyond the "boss's" control.

51



make direct sales to the customers who go to the farms. Soon, the cooperatives
will begin selling watermelons, cucumbers and corn.

Much of the labor in the cooperatives is female, with both young and old women
working in them, who have made demands to the organizational structures for
social rights, particularly with regard to rest after childbirth. Our
correspondent in Tete, Aruna Valy, found at the "We Shall Conquer Famine"
cooperative an old woman working in the place of her granddaughter, so that
the latter would not show failure to appear. The aforementioned young woman
did not come to work because she was indisposed after having recently given
birth.

The general opinion among the cooperatives is that the drainage ditch will
solve the problem of the utilization of water after rainfall. As they said,
if the drainage ditch had not been dug, the farm crops might be flooded;
something that is not happening at present, although the peasants fear that
if more torrential rain falls, the separated land may be flooded, inasmuch ~
as the ditch does not yet have diversions.

Impetus ‘ -

It is not just the cooperative peasants who are pleased with the impetus that
the opening of the drainage represents for their activity. The family and
private farmers are also wondering "why there-is still untilled land in Nhatan-
da Valley, when there are many people interested in working."

The farmers think that the moderate results that are being accrued in Nhartanda
do.not yet represent the end of famine, but merely a step, albeit significant,
in that direction. The farmers claim: "If we continue along this path, we
shall even conquer famine."

2909
CSO: 3442/193

49



of assistance, because this was a new crop in that complex. Hard work was
done in the vineyards, since the workers from the CAIA enterprise had to
learn new working methods. In fact, that complex had concluded a contract
with a Portuguese expert specializing in the aforementioned crop.

According to statements made by a member associated with that sector, when
the grapevines are well treated they can produce over 2 liters apiece. That
person remarked: "This could happen here at CAIA after a few years."

The production of grapevines is a very delicate task and requires of the
farmers a great deal of care in their treatment, because the branches must
not be hanging against the wood.

With this project, the planting of grapevines is gradually becoming common.
We think that, as a result of the CAIA experience, the peasants in the
district of Angonia will be able to introduce this planting, also manufactur-
ing wine.

During the second phase, the wine production will be greater, because at
present there are nearly 30 hectares of vineyards which have yet to be pruned. -

The Angonia Agro-Industrial Complex is engaged in several activities, promi-
nent among which are the dynamization of the process of training organizers
and the incentive for the family and cooperative sectors to increase the
production areas and to give maintenance to the forests.

Over 200 organizers trained at the enterprise are now working with the peasants,
teaching them agricultural techniques. This work has met with success in
the’ spheres of influence.

This year, CAIA gave less backing to the cooperative, family and private
sectors, and in térms of production factors it was also slight, because the
aforementioned enterprise is also struggling with a lack thereof. This means
that, in those sectors, the output will not be the same as had been prediced
at the beginning of the 1984-85 agricultural campaign. But, nevertheless, the
peasants are making major efforts for agricultural production.

As for the reforestation, the CAIA enterprise has a plan for planting 500,000

fruit and lumber trees, as well as shade trees, in the various surrounding
communal villages and the production units.

2909
CSO: 3442/187

55



JPRS-SSA~85-029
11 April 1985

~ MOZAMBIQUE

SOUTHERN AFRICAN SUGAR CANE VARIETIES FOUND SUITABLE
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 7 Feb 85 p 5
[Article by Isaac: "Southern African Varieties Similar and Better"]

[Text] The varieties of sugar cane from southern Africa, in particular from
Zimbabwe, South Africa and Malawi, are those which offer the greatest advan-
tages for Mozambique as imports, because of the fact that ecological condi-
tions in this zone are similar, agronomical engineer and director of the
sugar-growing sector in Marromeu, Abdala Mussa, told DIARIO DE MOZAMBIQUE,
which interviewed him in this connection. :

Abdala Mussa spoke eloquently about the tests and trials which have been
carried out for some years now at the Sena Sugar Estates, involving the
introduction of varieties imported from the United States of America, India,
Barbados, Mauritius, Brazil, and recently, Cuba, Tanzania and South Africa.

Except with regard to this last-mentioned country, they have all produced
limited results.

"In the 1950s and 1960s, the most predominant varieties were NCO-310, NCO-
376 and NCO-378, specifically, but they were vulnerable to fungus, which fact
later required that steps be taken to allow the use of varieties containing a

larger quantity of sucrose and more adaptable to Mozambican soil types," this
engineer informed us.

By way of justification, Abdala Mussa told us that the NCO-310 variety had to
be eliminated later after NCO-378 was abandoned. There remained only the 376
variety, which moreover in recent times has lost its resistance to fungus
because of the large number of pores in the crop.

DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE learned that the project involving tests and trials of
sugar cane varieties in our country began with the establishment of three
large soil study laboratories at the Sena Sugar Estates, the Mafambisse sugar
mill, and the Incomati (formerly Xinavane) sugar mill.

At that time, a program involving technicians at those enterprises and
workers at the Mozambique Agronomical Research Institute was drafted, and
special hothouses were built in this connection for the quarantining of these
varieties.

59



JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

SOFALA GOVERNOR URGES GREATER AUSTERITY IN AIR TRANSPORT USE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 8 Feb 85 p 8

[Text] The member of the Politburo of the FRELIMO Party's Central Committee and
director of Sofala Province, Marcelino dos Santos, called upon the population
to observe greater austerity in the use of air transportation; and for this
purpose noting that they should travel only when they are on a service mission
or in case of urgent necessity.

According to DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, which has reported this event, the head of
Sofala Province spoke at the closing’ of the 17th self-defense training course
for students and teachers, at which he also announced that the officials of
Mozambique Airlines (LAM) on the central lével are involved in a study aimed
at determining the proper criteria for rational use of that means of transpor-
tation. .

That prominent party and state leader explained that the measure resulted from
the fact that LAM has reduced the number of flights this year by 30 percent,
owing mainly to problems associated with the fuel shortage.

In his remarks, Marcelino dos Santos called attention to the need for a great
deal of understanding on the part of those using LAM with regard to the reasons
that prompted the government to adopt these measures.

The insufficiency of foreign exchange for purchasing fuel, owing to the desta-
bilizing action of the armed bandits, is the main reason for this situation.

The leader of Sofala Province also noted that the use of air transport would
not be the viable means for solving the problem of communications routes.

The definitive solution to all these problems is the participation by all the
citizens in the battle against the armed bandits who are blocking the routes.

It is noteworthy that the Sofala leader announced these austerity measures for
tne use of aircraft following a visit that he paid to the Beira airport, where
he noted the crowd of people, many of whom were attempting to travel for
pieasure on vacations.

2909
CSO: 3442/193

47



JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

BUZI DISTRICT ADMINISTRATOR DELINEATES REGION'S PRIORITIES
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 14 Feb 85 p 5

[Text] At a certain point in the interview that he granted us recently, ttie
first secretary of the party and administrator of Buzi, Chivavice Muchangage,
declared: "The areas recovered with the advancement of the war are the ones
which deserve priority in the distribution of donations in our district, so as
to allow for a rapid normalization of life among the population residing there."

When asked to make a statement on the criteria that have been observed in
channeling the goods donated to the victims of the natural disasters, that
official said that the district's structural entities had reports on the
locations hardest hit, and that it was there that the donations were being
sent.

The subject of our interview said: "We have had good coordination with the
Provincial Department for Preventing and Combating Natural Disasters, which
has given us constructive backing. In addition to food and clothing, we are

also giving the population production tools and seed, so that they themselves
may ensure their food."

Prominent among the areas already benefiting from the international aid are
Buine, Manheche, Maconde, Village 37 and the locality of Ampala, the latter
of which was recently recovered by our forces.

The donations are given free of charge to the population in a process involving
officials of the party and state, and members of the defense and security
forces.

From what we could observe during our recent working visit to that region
located south of Sofala Province, the population is responding positively to
the assistance that has been provided to it, expanding its areas of cultivation.

1984-85 Agricultural Campaign

The prospects that exist for this agricultural campaign in the district of Buzi
are promising. The crops of corn, sorghum (mapira) and mexoeira, which cover
vast areas of fertile soil in that region show signs of giving good yields.

19



JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

EDUCATION COOPERATION WITH ITALY REINFORCED.
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 7 Feb 85 p 2

[Test] Since last Tuesday, at the Josina Machel Secondary School in Maputo, the
seminar for assessing the work done by a group of Italian instructors serving
on the project for cooperation between the Mozambican Ministry of Education
and the Italian Non-Governmental Organization (CROCEVIA) throughout the last
academic year, and the prospects for work this year, has been under way.

The opening session was attended by the vice minister of education, Carlos
Beirao, the national director of education, Adelino Cruz, and the education
director for the city of Maputo. The seminar is taking place under the
guidance of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' director of foreign relations,
Elisabeth Sequeira.

There are participating in the seminar Italian and Mozambican teachers who
give courses in the subjects of mathematics, biology, physics, chemistry and
drafting, subjects included in this cooperation project.

The program included in the project is aimed at backing the purchase of educa-
tional materials, the installation and operation of laboratory equipment for
the aforementioned courses, the acquisition of bibliographical materials and
photocopying machines, among other types of equipment, as well as training for
Mozambican instructors given by their Italian counterparts. The program
covers the seventh, eighth and ninth grades of the Pemba, Lichinga. and Josina
Machel (Maputo) secondary schools.

On this occasion, Elisabeth Sequeira, director of foreign relations in the

MNE [Ministry of Foreign Affairs], said that, in order to improve the pedago-
gical quality of the Mozambican teacher and to develop education in our country,
our government had recourse to Italy, to have it back us in a project to supply
equipment and teachers to the Mozambican schools. The Italian instructors

have not come just to give courses in Mozambique, but also to aid the Mozambican
teachers in the laboratories and to train them.

The head of the group of Italian teachers working on this project thenked the

Mozambican officials who had lent their support for the accomplishment of the
work in the schools stipulated, particularly Mozambique Electricity which,

37



JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE
CARBOMOC TO PRODUCE 100,000 TONS OF COAL THIS YEAR
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 30 Jan 85 p 3 .
[Text] This year, CARBOMOC [Mozambique National Coal Company] plans to produce >

100,000 tons of coal from its two mines currently in operation.

This amount of coal will increase the company's stocks, which are intended for
export to Malawi and the GDR, with a portion remaining for the domestic market.

The management of the Moatize coal industry has been engaged in action
aimed at reopening three more mines, whose activities have been halted for
some time.

CARBOMOC, a company located in Tete Province, “is expending efforts to open
surface mines, which will guarantee higher production rates and better use
of the coal reserves existing there.

According to the company's geologist, Matesso Castiano, "The present technology
has caused many coal reserves to be left at the bottom of the mines. We cannot
extract them because they make up the stoops."

That technician remarked: "The installation of the new equipment depends on
the coal project office, and its completion could take many months; because
a washing section is also essential for attaining the goals sought."

With regard to the washing section, the geologist Matesso Castiano said that
it will allow for the production of coal with only 9 or 10 percent ash, whereas
the present product has nearly twice that amount, 18 percent. He noted: "At
that point, we would be producing industrial coal or coke," adding that it is
also planned to use methane gas for cooking and other purposes.

2909 :
cso: 3442/190

68


Wood Selling Lucrative Business in Maputo
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 29 Jan 85).ececcecsecscecsccvcceoes

Angonia Agro-Industrial Complex Fails To Meet Goals
(NOTICIAS, 14 Feb 85)...

Irrigation Projects Inaugurated in Limpopo Valley
(NOTICIAS, 20 Feb 85)..ccccccccccccccccsccccscessccccccecs

Southern African Sugar Cane Varieties Found Suitable
(Isaac; DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 7 Feb 85).

Better Security Improves Buzi Cashew Nut Marketing Campaign
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 30 Jan 85).sccccceccccccnceececcoees

Inhambane Cashew Nut Marketing Campaign Underway
(Antonio Mafuiane; NOTICIAS, 7 Feb 85). ccccccccccceecvece

Carbomoc To Produce 100,000 Tons of Coal This Year
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 30 Jan 85)..

Briefs
Mandruze Rice Experiment
Soybean Potential in Lioma
Pesticide Plant Expansion
Nampula Cotton Marketing Figures
New Navigation School Courses
Collectives for Liberated Families
UK Motor Pumps to Chokwe
Construction Minister Visits Eniel
Japanese Medical Aid

SENEGAL

Youth Beset by Unemployment, Other Problems
(Abdou Sylla; AFRIQUE NOUVELLE, Feb 85) eesecesccescceseees

SOUTH AFRICA

Volkswag Aims Described in Newsletter
(DIE AFRIKANER, 13 Feb 85)..

Campaign Against Allowing Indians in Orange Free State
(DIE AFRIKANER, 13 Feb 85)scececececcccccccvcscccccescsees

Government Tolerance Blamed for Black Violence
(DIE AFRIKANER, 13 Feb 85)ssscecsceccccccccccccessccececes

Troubles at Crossroads; Protection for Black Businesses
(DIE VADERLAND, 20 Feb 85).sececees

eeeeeeee

-c-

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82



UK MOTOR PUMPS TO CHOKWE--The motor pumps which the British ambassador in
Maputo recently donated to the district of Chokwe will reinforce the produc-
tion capacity of that part of Gaza Province. According to the local adminis-
trator, Aurelio Chambal, they will be ‘installed in a production unit soon to
be opened in the locality of Chiduaxine. The installation of the motor pumps
in the locality of Chiduaxine will raise the capacity for producing bananas,
papayas and mangos; and the production of oranges and lemons will also be
started. In addition, the irrigation area of the Chokwe agricultural complex
will be increased from 25,000 -hectares to 29,000. Moreover, the complex plans
to plant 9,000 hectares with corn this year and, according to the district
administrator, good results are anticipated from these plantings. [Text]
[Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 5 Feb 85 p 8] 2909

CONSTRUCTION MINISTER VISITS ENIEL--Yesterday morning, the minister of construc-
tion and waters, Julio Carrilho, visited the National Enterprise for Electrical
Installations (ENIEL) in the city of Maputo. At ENIEL, Julio Carrilho began
by visiting the storage facility, later going to other sections and departments.
In the storage facilities, after checking all the facilities, in a talk with
the workers the minister praised the tidy conditions, stating that the improve-
ment in storage brought about an improvement in the planning and provision of
materials. So that there would not be any materials in the warehouses in
excessive quantities without circulation, the minister recommended that, in
addition to the log book on exits and entries, there should be one for evalua-
tion; that is, a book in which the clients note their opinion of certain
materials and, on the basis of this, the purchasing plans for the following
year could be made. In the talk with workers from the finance department,
the minister learned that ENIEL had enormous damages last year caused mainly
‘by the non-payment for‘work done by the enterprise, the leading debtors being
enterprises and institutions of the state systeTM- At the conclusion of the
visit, in commenting on what he had observed, Julio Carrilho said that it was
necessary to reduce the administrative personnel to a minimum. "We must find
ways of employing individuals properly, reconverting the surplus personnel, but
so that they will not constitute an expense to the enterprise." [Text] [Maputo
NOTICIAS in Portuguese 15 Feb 85 p 8] 2909

JAPANESE MEDICAL AID--Japan has just granted Mozambique a donation of medicines
and health items valued at 3 million yen, the equivalent of $15,000. For this
purpose, on Tuesday, a document was signed in Maputo formalizing the delivery
of the donation, underwritten by K. Hirano, a high-ranking official from the
Japanese Embassy in Harare, and by Dr Jose Rocha, national director of health.
Information provided to NOTICIAS indicates that this gift is a result of a
contribution from the Japanese people, following a drive to collect funds
designated for the "Campaign to Save Africa" carried out by the African Society
of Japan. This act of mobilization on the part of the Japanese people to back ©
our country resulted from the visit paid to Mozambique last November by a dele-
gation headed by the general director for A‘rica and the Middle East in the
Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Mr Milake. While in Mozambique, this
member of the Japanese Government went to the district of Vilanculo, in Inham-
bane, to learn about the effects caused by the drought, especially in the
health area. The current donation was turned over to Mozambique by K. Hirano.
from the Japanese Embassy in Harare, after a visit to our country from 6 to

13 February, at which time he held meetings with the Mozambican authorities

and with high-ranking officials from the UN agencies. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS
in Portuguese 15 Feb 85 p 8] 2909

CSO: 3442/187 val


NAMPULA COTTON MARKETING FIGURES--Under the aegis of Governor Feliciano Gundana,
a few days ago a meeting of the planning staff was held in the city of Nampula
devoted to an analysis of the cashew nut marketing campaign, an assessment of
the cotton marketing and planning for the provincial seminar of the state agra-
rian enterprises. As was announced at the conclusion of that meeting, the
marketing of cotton during the 1983-84 harvest amounted to 11,568 tons; or

76.4 of the overall plan for the province. Owing to this result, which is
considered satisfactory, Governor Gundana congratulated the population of
Nampula for its determination, courage and highly patriotic spirit, proven
during the campaign despite the adversities that were confronted. [Text]

[Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 30 Jan 85 p 5] 2909

NEW NAVIGATION SCHOOL COURSES-=In existence for 8 years, the Navigation School
will offer four courses which have not been provided before for want of adequate
facilities, The courses include Radiotelephonics,, Personal Safety and Principles
of Electronics, NOTICIAS learned from Francisco Ceita, the school's director.
The classes will be conducted aboard ship, at the facilities of the Public
Safety Corps and in the installations of PETROMOC [Mozambican Petroleum Company],
since the school's installations have not been completed. According to the
director, the four courses are extremely important for naval officers, not

only because they will complement their training but because the terms of the
International Law of the Sea are very exacting with regard to the personal
safety of maritime officers. "We are going to make meffort to see that all

the students, even those who have already completed the courses, receive this
instruction so they will be able to perform their duties better," Ceita said.
The director added that admission to the school this year is at the 11th grade
level, and this will require good organization and a qualified teaching staff:
professors with college-level courses, bachelor's degrees or a secondary school
diploma. Director Ceita said the school would receive various radiotelephonic
equipment this year from Norway. Meanwhile, construction at the school is
expected to be completed next year, with the installation of an electrical

and electronics laboratory for the navigation and radio departments, Classes
will begin this month. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 Feb 85 p 8]

6362

COLLECTIVES FOR LIBERATED FAMILIES--Several families who were forced to live
with the armed bandits have already been organized collectively in Machanga,
more precisely in the Lihua Communal Village, after they were liberated by
the FPLM [Mozambican Armed Forces, according to DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, citing

a communique from the Party Committee in that district of Sofala Province.

The communique, which does not mention the number of families liberated, also
notes that our armed forces have recovered the Chirinda saltworks, in the Divinha
area. The document was released following the fifth session of thé District
Committee, which met on 25 and 26 January. The session was led by Noe Joao
Chipangue, Machanga District administrator, and was attended by 56 individuals.
The agenda included the presentation of the party plan for 1985 and of the
guidelines which had come out of the meeting to assess the activities conducted
throughout 1984; that meeting was held a few weeks before the Fifth Regular
Session of the Party District Committee. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portu-
guese 8 Feb 85 p 8] 6362


This economic and political struggle was all the more needed and urgent since
the security of individual citizens was threatened by the development of
violence and delinquency, by the emergence of reprehensible practices, and by
the decline in moral standards: a moral crisis.

At the social level, thefts, crime, begging, and delinquency are the best
known but by no means the least harmful effects of the economic crisis.

The development of these social evils in a deeply religious society (nearly 90
percent Muslem, 5 percent Christian, and 1 to 2 percent animist) where the
religious leaders are at the same time moral authorities and models, might
seem paradoxical. If such is the case, it is because religious life and
religious principles themselves have been weakened. In fact, a few years ago,
during the Maagal and the Gamou, the cities of Touba and of Tivaouane became
meeting places for drug addicts and other undesirables.

The religious leaders themselves ought to have reacted by closing and shutting
down of the Touba "okasse" market, prohibiting the sale of alcohol, the

serving of alcoholic beverages, and the sale of cigarettes; they ought to have
instilled religious and moral fundamentals.

During the past few years this return to religious fundamentalism has found
expression in various social phenomena (increase, in the number of persons
faithful to the magal and to the gamou, the organization of religious singing,
of pecial] weeks end days, of study seminars and round tables, etc.) and by tke
creation and extension of associations and groups with a religious vocation
(Union for Islamic Progress, Moslem Cultural Union, Federation of Islamic
Associations in Senegal, Association of Young Mourides, Association of Mouride
Students and Interns in Europe, "dahiras," etc.).

The frequency and extent of these phenomena and of these religious activities
indeed express an intense and imperious need for spiritual, religious, and
moral values, particularly at the very moment when people, disoriented by the
socio-economic crisis, and upset by values brought in from abroad as a result
of economic and cultural aggressions, are unable to find refuge or support in
any solid system of values.

It is among the youth that this passion and inclination toward religious
spirituality has been expressed with force and brilliance, and hence the
success, for example, of the two weeks' cultural period for the mouride youth
of Senegal, organized during the end of the year ceremonies for 1983.

Spirituality and religious life, membership in religious associations and
-participation in religious activities now appear eminently noble and moral in
Senegal.

The dominant fact of national political life since 1981 has been the process
of democratization, with the recognition of fifteen political parties; and
this led to an electoral campaign and to legislative and presidential
elections (27 February 1983) which were rather agitated. This profusion of
parties strengthens political life, the more so since each of the parties has
created a trade union and has developed for itself organizations or movements

73



JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE”

LIBERATED FAMILIES RESETTLE IN MANHECHE
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 6 Feb 85 p 4
{Article by Manuel Cumbe: "New Life Begins for 150 Families"]

[Text] One hundred and fifty families forced to live with the armed bandits
are making decisive advances toward a new life today in Manheche, to the
northwest of the capital of thé district of Buzi. Manheche is being organ-
ized as a communal settlement following the operations carried out by the
armed forces in that part of the province of Sofala.

This settlement of peasants in the hamlet which still has no name began in
June of last year. "As our soldiers advanced, many individuals who were

“ rescued came here in order to take up a new life," we were told by Felipe
Joao, who represented the local body at the time of our recent visit to the
zone.

The peasants who arrived there are natives of Nhambudje, Chiundo, Muisineme
and Machamine, the majority being women and children.

"Many men were kidnapped by the armed bandits," this villager explained to
us.

The district political and administrative bodies, in coordination with the
local defense and security forces, contributed to the process of settling the
population liberated from the enemy in patterns of collective life.

This aid involves supplying clothing, food, feeds and tools for production
with a view to combatting hunger.

Excellent conditions for the pursuit of agriculture exist in the zone where
this communal settlement is under construction. The soil is very fertile and
extensive areas are still virgin land. In addition, it should be added that
the Buzi River lies a scant 50 meters from the area and can supply the water
needed by the peasants.

Good 1984-1985 Farm Prospects

Extensive areas of the zone where the settlement in question is located are
planted to corn and sorghum (known as mapira), and there are prospects for

30


JPRS-SSA-85-029
ll April 1985.

MOZAMBIQUE

CFM'S FIRST PEOPLE'S MILITIA BATTALION BECOMES OFFICIAL
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 4 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] Last Friday, the Mozambique Railroad Enterprise [CFM]-Central, with
headquarters in the city of Beira, made its first battalion of the People's
Militas official, as the beginning of the organization of all the workers
at the complex who have already been trained for self-defense.

The group now created adds a total of 324 members associated with the main-
tenance sectors in the’ A and B zones of CFM-Central who, for this purpose, have
been divided into companies and subdivided into platoons and sections.

Also on Friday, the chief and deputy chief of the aforementioned battalion,
namely, Gabriel Mabunda and Jose Fausto Archer, were sworn in, as were the
company commanders and the members of the official structure.

The creation of the battalion was directed by Joao Chico Sande, secretary for
organization of the Circle Committee of the CFM-Central. On this occasion,
the message from the members of the aforementioned group of militiamen was
submitted, offering their readiness to guarantee the inviolability of goods
handled there, to combat thefts and to defend the line.

In his remarks, Gabriel Mabunda said: "We are militiamen who, by our work, will
see to it that the countries which use our port have confidence in our work,
making the goods reach the respective destinations without any breakage."

In conclusion, he added: "We want every worker in the enterprise to be a militia-
man, and every machinist to be ready to respond to the enemy's fire without
waiting for the soldier, so that we may give them an opportunity to search

the jungle and combat the armed bandits."

2909
CsO: 3442/190

16


JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

MINISTER DISCUSSES CHINESE, KOREAN ECONOMIC COOPERATION
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 6 Feb 85 p 5

{Article by Ezequiel Ambrosio: "New Pages in Cooperation With China and
Democratic Korea"]

[Text] Within a short time, 60 Korean technicians will come to Mozambique to
contribute to the production of grain, while China may contribute to increas-
ing the production of clothing through the installation of garment factories

and guarantees of the supplies of the equipment involved.

This is evidence that a new phase has been born in the relations between
Mozambique and these two Asiatic socialist countries. This phase pertains
to the economic sector, in which the three parties are doing everything to
ensure that in the near future, cooperation will not be limited to technolo-
gical support, but will be extended to the implementation of joint undertak-
ings-~establishment of mixed enterprises in the RPM [People's Republic of
Mozambique], supplying this country with materials and establishing the
conditions for the quantity production of raw materials.

This information was provided to us by Minister of State for the Presidency
Armando Guebuza at a meeting several days ago in the city of Beira at which
he headed a delegation made up of national and enterprise leaders in the
agricultural, food and ore branches.

The assigned task of the delegation was to assess the development of prepara-
tions, in the provinces of Sofala and Manica, for the implementation of the
goal mentioned above.

In Beira, the ministerial delegation visited some productive units in the
sectors in which this impetus in bilateral relations will make itself felt
most. Among those mentioned to us are the dish enameling factory, drainage
works and the plant producing hoes.

On the other hand, these visits served the purpose of assessing the capacity
of our factories to meet the needs for the major effort wiich is planned.
Then, once the potential has been assessed, it will be established what type
of increase will have to be made.

Téchnical support will suffice to ensure progress in some productive units,
while in other sectors, joint enterprises may be established.

22


evaluate the process; the committee recommended that "the young people may
be registered, even if they do not have photographs."

According to the OJM secretary: "In fact, this solved one of the major problems
which our young people faced in registering for the SMO, because most of them
did not have photographs of themselves and, compounding the problem, there

is currently a shortage of film in the districts."

Construction of Villages

Our reporter learned from Seja Massave that the youth of Marracuene are also
taking part in the construction of six new communal villages which were created
following the evacuation of residents of the zones affected by enemy action.

The young people are opening access roads, cleaning and staking out the
fields, cutting stakes and even building the houses, siving priority to
elderly people who are unable to build their ow.

Explaining further, Massave said that the communal villages located in the
settlements of Galunde and Matalane, both in the area of Ngungunhane, are
already well along, thanks to the efforts of the young people recruited by
the OJM to create the conditions to build these centers for communal living.

“To insure the security of the new commmal villages, the first action planned,
in cooperation with the various district organs, is the political-military
training of the villagers and the organization of their social life," our
informant was pleased to tell DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE.

6362
CSO: 3442/189

18



good harvests this season, in view of the regular rainfall and the excellent
appearance of the crops.

The peasants have also planted rice, which is growing satisfactorily.

Again in the farm production sector, this settlement has plantings of okra
and cashew and mango trees.

The communal settlement of Manheche already has a school, which was built
recently but is not yet in use for lack of teachers. Also, a health post has
recently been built but individuals qualified to staff it are lacking, Felipe
Joao said.

"Many villagers suffer from boils on various parts of their bodies, posing a
very serious problem," our interlocutor warned us. He said that this condi-
tion has been alleviated through the use of certain local medicinal plants.

Another infrastructure available to the residents of this rural community is
a carpentry shop which, using wood taken from the trees which are abundant in
the zone, produces various items of furniture. ~

The training of the population in self-defense measures with a view to
ensuring protection of what they produce and the settlement itself is a
priority at present, according to Felipe Joao.

Despite the aid already provided by the district party and state bodies, the _
need for more food and clothing to be sent until the next harvests of food
crops begin has developed.

"We also need peanut seed, because conditions for its germination are excel-
lent," our interlocutor told us.

5157
CSO: 3442/195

31



JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

QUELIMANE COMMANDER DESCRIBES MILITIAS' SECURITY ROLE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 14 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] "We are the rear guard force for the FAM-FPLM," claimed the militia
commander of the city of Quelimane, Joao Nabula, while making an assessment
of the militias’ activities in the aforementioned city. According to this
official, the militiamen guarantee social calm

"We have created an insurmountable barrier for the armed bandits along the

entire boundary of the city of Quelimane and we have satisfactorily completed

our task of guaranteeing calm and the defense of the revolutionary

conquests at work sites and in residences," remarked the militia commander for

the city of Quelimane, speaking during an interview granted to our correspondent

in that section of the country. -

The city of Quelimane consists of five districts. According to that official,
there are militia command units in all the districts as well as at the CFM
[Mozambique Railroad] enterprise.

Joao Nabula said that the district command units are structurally composed of
a commander, a chief of staff and a commissar. He explained: "This establish-
ment on the district level makes it possible for all actions to be planned and
executed locally. This doesn't mean that they fail to render an accounting.
It is the obligation of each organ to render periodic accounts to the higher
entities."

The command unit in the city of Quelimane was created at the beginning of last
year, confronting difficulties association with facilities, but with backing
from the members of the party committee in the city they now have a headquarters
and a social center for militiamen which, during this first phase only serves
light meals or lunches. There are plans in the near future to start serving
meals. According to that official, when this goal is attained, it is thought
that the militiamen's work will be more efficient.

That official noted that the militias have already been created in many enter-
prises of major economic imp: rtance. Joao Nabula, in describing the militias’
tasks in the city, commented: "We are quite sure that we have militias in nearly
all the enterprises, wherein they ensure the security and economic stability
of those sectors and, moreover, serve as the FAM-FPLM's rear guard force. While



JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

SENEGAL

YOUTH BESET BY UNEMPLOYMENT, OTHER PROBLEMS
Dakar AFRIQUE NOUVELLE in French Feb 85 pp 29-30
[Article by Abdou Sylla: "Youth Faced With Crisis"]

(Text ] The International Youth Year was inaugurated
last 5 January at Dakar. In this period of drought
and recession what is the principal concern of young
people? Employment.

The economic crisis in Senegal has a certain number of characteristics,
including youth unemployment. Youth at loose ends, left to itself, not
finding work corresponding to its training, or sometimes lacking work skills,
indulges in all sorts of activities, and, because it cannot satisfy its most
basic needs, does not always resist all temptations. Thus it is forced to
dream up and contrive all sorts of antidotes to its anxieties and heartbreaks:
drug addition, prostitution, crime and violence, begging and delinquency,
etc.,

However, the problems and concerns, the levels of aspirations and the needs,
differ according to whether urban or rural youth is involved, or educated or
illiterate youth (still representing 60 to 70 percent of the population of
school age.)

In Senegal the struggle against this crisis and the youth situation has taken
the form of an emergency economic and financial recovery plan, drawn up and
applied as early as 1979; it has been renewed since that time and is intended
to stabilize state finances by restoring the major equilibria, and
restructuring the economy, by disengagement of tne state [from the economy],
and by making the peasants aware of their responsibilities in the agricultural
sector (reprivatization). These economic measures were accompanied by
political actions: struggle against corruption and waste, creation of a court
to suppress illegal profiteering, redirecting the activities of the state
inspection corps (revenue courts, financial inspection, general inspection of
the state) democratic openings, and creation and recognition of several
opposition. parties (about fifteen) and of several trade unions, thus bringing
about a broader participation of the population in national political life.

72


with the construction of the main.canal, 2,250 meters long, and 19 irrigation
ditches, each of which has a capacity to carry 30 liters of water per second.

Based upon the forecasts, the project will benefit an area of 600 hectares, and
it is estimated that 1,500 tons of corn and 120 tons of beans will be produced
annually. .

Moreover, it was announced that the work is under way on the Macarretane
project which, when the undertaking is completed, may benefit an area of
1,200 hectares, with the expectation of attaining an annual production of
8,000 tons of corn, 200 tons of peanuts and 2,500 tons of vegetables.

As Governor Aurelio Manave commented, in the area of seeking solutions for the
gradual elimination of famine and its effects, “Programs are being carried out
for recovery and/or improvement’ of the existing drainage ditches and irrigation
systems; for example, the Bolsa de Chilembene project, for 1,500 hectares; the
Chalucuane, for 600 hectares; and the rehabilitation of the Chicumbane slope,
for 650 hectares."

Other programs are being executed in the regions of Guija, involving an area of
500 hectares; in Inhamissa, with 300 hectares; in Lionde, with 300 hectares;

in Malehice, with 2 hectares; in Manguenhane (Manjacaze), with 60 hectares; and
others. .

Also for the purpose of making better use of the irrigable areas and the produc-
tive capacities of each sector, programs are being carried out to rearrange’ the
occupation of land by the state, cooperative, family and private sectors, in
the irrigated areas of Chokwe, Xai-Xai, Chibuto, Macia, Guija, Massingir and
Chicualacuala.

In fact, the leading tendencies in the reorganization of the state sector in
particular are intended to size the state units to the capacities of the
technical and leadership cadres, to increase the production and output per
hectare:, and to improve the management to make the enterprises profitable.

On the other hand, the projects mentioned previously, with the exception of the
one in Macarretane, are intended essentially to benefit the family sector. This
is the first initiative in the province, in conjunction with other activities
in different sectors, to achieve self-sufficiency in food and, later, to start
producing surpluses.

Integrated Regional Development

As Governor Aurelio Manave commented, the great changes that are taking place in
the state agrarian administration are aimed at ensuring an integrated regional
development, and improving the coordination among the state, cooperative, family
and private sectors. It is from this standpoin: that regional agrarian adminis-
trative structures are being created, to which leadership and technical cadres
have been assigned. .

57



-JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

UNAUTHORIZED PRESSURE CONCERNING MILITARY SERVICE DENOUNCED
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 5 Feb 85 p 15

[Text] The city of Beira has in recent days been characterized by an atmos-
phere of concern, particularly among young people, because certain individuals
in the uniform of the Armed Forces of Mozambique (FAM) have, profiting from
the normal patrol activities of the defense and security forces, been mis-
treating some young men of military age, demanding and seizing their docu-
ments from them on the pretext that military service is compulsory.

We learned from Lt Artur Charles, in charge of the Sofala Recruiting and
Mobilization Center, that such action represents an opportunistic attitude on
the part of individuals attempting to distort the clear guidelines contained
in the Laws on Incorporation in Compulsory Military Service in effect in the
People's Republic of Mozambique.

In this connection, that officer of the FAM/FPLM [Popular Forces for the
Liberation of Mozambique] urged the entire population of the province of
Sofala, and the city of Beira in particular, once again to step up popular
vigilance and to report actions of this nature to the nearest military
authorities immediately.

Reports can also be channeled to the dynamization groups, police squadrons,
militia commando units, the headquarters of the vigilance groups and even the
Sofala Recruiting and Mobilization Center itself.

It should be noted, according to Lieutenant Charles, that such behavior,
entirely negative in its essence, is designed to distort the true goals of
incorporation in Compulsory Military Service (SMO), which have at this time
achieved considerable success in Sofala. Another aspect of these opportunis—
tic maneuvers involves inculcating hatred and discouraging enthusiasm for the
défense of the fatherland among young people.

This military officer stressed that the enrollment of young people in the FMO
is not coercive, uuch less does it mean imprisonment. It is dictated by the
now common criterion according to which every citizen of an age to fulfill

his SMO should freely and conscientiously present himself at the recruiting
center.

Lt Artur Charles urged the young people subject to SMO to complete the regis-
tration project under way if they have not yet done so. He also urged those



JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

FOREIGN WORKERS EVACUATED TO CITIES
Lisbon 0 DIA in Portuguese 28 Feb 85 p 5

[Text] A total of 20,000 cooperants and other Portuguese workers in Mozambique
are risking their lives, because they have remained at their posts faced with
a complete lack of security, owing to the attacks by the resistance, while the
natives of other Western and East European countries have been protected and
evacuated.

An informant associated with Portuguese-Mozambican cooperation disclosed in
Lisbon that all the foreign cooperants established in Mozambique, with the
exception of the Portuguese, are being or have already been evacuated to the
cities and to the Mozambican capital.

The informant added that the withdrawal of cooperants from various Western and
Eastern countries to the large cities and from there to Maputo has already
ended in most instances, admitting that the status of the Portuguese is diffe-
rent because, in addition to several hundred cooperants, there are nearly 5,000
workers in Mozambique affiliated with companies which have contracts in the
country, and almost 15,000 citizens who opted for Portuguese nationality after
Mozambican independence.

The informant noted that, with over 20,000 Portuguese in Mozambique, a Portu-
guese decision similar to that of the other Western and Eastern countries would
have major consequences for many thousands of people, and for the companies;
and hence it cannot be made easily.

The same source claimed that the other countries have far smaller groups and
only cooperants. The largest contingent from an Eastern country, that from

the German Democratic Republic, has now been completedly evacuated, and the same
thing has occurred with the Bulgarians, Soviets and Czechs.

This decision, which is due to the lack of security in the interior owing to

the action of the RENAMO [Mozambican Na.ional Resistance] guerrillas, which have
victimized several foreign cooperants, also applies to Western countries such
as Sweden and Norway.

Italy has a few cooperants at the Corumana dam, and France on the project
involving the railroad between Lagos and Nacala, as the same informant remarked,

28


More Trading Posts

Unlike what happened during the 1982-83 campaign, during which there were
trading posts only at the district headquarters, this year the process has
been decentralized and the private dealers had active participation.

Posts were set up in localities and districts where this was warranted and,
in certain instances, mobile brigades were created. With regard to this
topic, Domingos Canda observed: "We have to market all the nuts."

In this way, it was possible to enable many people not to have to travel long
distances on foot carrying the nuts with them to the trading posts.

Although it has brought advantages, the opening of more sites for marketing
this product caused another problem: that of the transportation for its
removal to the concentrated storage facility.

The lack of fuel worsened this dilemma. However, it was surmounted with the
backing of dealers who participated in the trading as interveners, who made
their fuel and transportation available, thereby allowing for the removal of
the nuts,

The district's executive council also provided major assistance with fuel, as
we were told by the subject of our interview.

He noted that the period from November until the beginning of January was the
one in which there was the greatest shortage of diesel fuel.

Another difficulty experienced during this campaign was the shortage of bags.
According to AGRICOM's agent in Buzi, there was a delay in their delivery from
the factory.

Since there were already a great many nuts, they used as an alternative the
bags intended for grain, although they were not suitable for the nuts.

Domingos Canda said: "The bags for the nuts didn't arrive until mid-December,
and only with a capacity for 35 tons, whereas we had already marketed 90,000
kilograms."

The bag problem is very serious and should be considered by those responsible
for doing so. In addition to the need for allocating more bags for Buzi, it
has become essential to return those meant to be used for marketing grains, so
that this may be accomplished in good time.

Making Transportation Available
The increase in the agricultural marketing in the district of Buzi and in the

activities of AGRICOM's local agency require that this institution have its
own transportation, to meet the daily needs.

64


JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

INHAMBANE CASHEW NUT MARKETING CAMPAIGN UNDERWAY
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 7 Feb 85 p 3
{Article by Antonio Mafuiane]

[Text] As of January, about 283.5 tons of cashew nuts from the
current harvest had been purchased in Inhambane Province. About
69 tons have already gone to the cashew nut processing plant in
Inhambane, and 154.5 tons are being held in various locations in
the province, awaiting distribution.

Massingo District, including the areas of Funhalouro, Tome and Mavuma, has pur-
chased the most cashew nuts, a total of 77 tons, from the peasants in the cur-
rent marketing campaign, which began in October 1984, In those areas, located
in the interior.of Massinga District, the cashew groves produced greater vields
than in previous years. .

Cashew marketing in Funhalouro, Tome, Mavume and Mabote had been impossible

in the last 2 years because of the action of the armed bandits. This year,
however, cashew harvesting was reinitiated in those areas because of the army's
success in eliminating the armed bandits. There are areas in other districts
which had been in a similar situation, but which are participating in the cur-
rent cashew nut marketing campaign, thanks to the work of the armed forces

in cleaning out the armed bandits.

In support of the current marketing campaign, the intermediaries in Inhambane
Province have received merchandise {for barter with the peasants] valued at
36,000 contos from the distribution centers, specifically Manuel Nunes, COGROPA
[Wholesale Trade of Foodstuffs], Saboeira and ENCATEX.

Process

Inhambane Province is about to receive 500 tons of sugar from MARAGRA, to add
to the range of products available for the current cashew nut marketing campaign.

The process was analyzed in a recent meeting of the Provincial Commission for

Support and Dynamization of the Marketing Campaign, district agents of AGRICOM
{Agricultural Produce Marketing Company], district warehousemen and marketing

agents. .

66


At that meeting, Antonio Mandlate, chairman of the commission and the party's
provincial secretary for economic affairs in Inhambane, announced that the
provincial enterprises involved in the marketing process, namely Empresa do
Caju, Fabrica de Castanha, Hortofruticola, MADEMO and Empresa de Algodao, and
also AGRICOM, would no longer inventory merchandise at the distribution cen-
ters. The reason for this is that soma of these provincial companies were
diverting the products destined for barter to other ends. As a result of this
measure, all the intermediaries in the process will inventory the merchandise
at the district warehouses and not at the distribution centers, as before.

Better Coordination

Moreover, after it was observed that products meant for bartering in the cashew
marketing campaign were being diverted for the purchase of other agricultural
products, it was recommended that the district agencies of AGRICOM could not
engage in this practice without authorization from the district governments

in this regard.

During the meeting to assess the marketing campaign, commission chairman

Antonio Mandlate said that, on balance, the campaign was going well, and appealed
to the AGROCOM agents to make a greater effort to purchase cashews from the ~
producers. He said that the district warehousemen have a basic mission in

the marketing campaign, since better management of the bartering merchandise

at their disposal will insure the purchase of maximum quantities of cashew

nuts.

Antonio Mandlate added that an enormous effort must be made in Inhambane Pro-
vince to insure the placement of the cashew nuts which have already been pur-
chased but which are still awaiting shipment.

At the same meeting, it was decided to include salt as a bartering medium,
particularly inthe interior of the province. In this regard, steps are being
taken to provide Zavala District with a tractor, to help transport the salt
fron the production areas to Quissico, the district seat. It was also decided
at the meeting to provide this district with products in greatest demand by
the peasants--namely, sugar, soap, cotton garments and cloth: --to insure
greater quantities of cashew nuts in trade.

6362
CSO: 3442/194

67



JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF CHINDE PORT EXPLAINED
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 8 Feb 85 pp 8-9

(Article by Isaac Alfandega: "A Glance at Chinde, Because of the Importance
of the Port"]

{Text] Everyone (especially the sponsoring bodies, including those linked
directly and indirectly with the Ministry of Ports, Railways and Merchant
Marine), currently have their eye fixed on the port of Chinde, which is cur-
rently regarded as of strategic importance for the shipment of goods coming
from areas inland of the coast. This attention is explained not only by the
economic importance of the port as such, but also because of the demands of
that site, which have been arousing interest since the 1960s, when multi-
national companies made use of this important maritime transport route for
freight and passenger traffic.

Geographic Importance

The port of Chinde is adjacent to the capital of the district of the same
name, on a great tongue of land in the Zambezi delta, at the mouth of the
river, where considerable erosion has occurred in recent times. Specifically,
it is located in a district bathed over a length of about 90 kilometers by
the Zambezi River, along which a large part of the goods traffic from ripar-
ian properties moves. .

The passenger and freight traffic along the river is carried by steam vessels
owned by the Sena Sugar Estates, which also uses stern paddle-wheelers,
launches, ferries, etc.

Accommodating Visitors

Chinde is a port zone which in recent times has seen much traffic in transit
passengers, thus enjoying great prestige. But this reputation collapses
entirely when visitors find themselves without at least a place to spend the
night or to get a glass of water.

The situation, which is inevitably a focus of the attention of district
offices, which are redoubling their efforts to support the local hotel
industry, is a subject of comment not only by local residents, but travelers
in transit as well.

25



changes in his beliefs and traditions. Also, a spiritual strength must be cul-
tivated, and inspiration must be communicated to fellow Afrikaners who have al-
ready capitulated. For this reason, the Afrikaner Volkswag must become a power
base that dispenses strength and influence which cannot be disregarded.

Establish

“Therefore we need still more members. The Volkswag must manifestly establish
itself in every community; every company than assembles must include Volkswag
members who pass on their message.

"For this reason, we must also be financially strong. The development fund
must be built up in order to put us ina Position | to be able to carry out the
pursuits mentioned above.

"The Volkswag must be made a people's movement that can take part in the cred-
tion of a future for the Afrikaner, in the survival of the Whites in Africa
and in the establishment of peace among the peoples of this subcontinent," de-
clares the Volkswag.

8117
CSO: 3401/123



JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 april 1985

GUINEA-BISSAU

FRENCH NAVY DONATES MEDICINES TO FARP
Bissau NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 16 Feb 85 p 5

[Text] A donation of medicines and foodstuffs from the members of the crew of
the French warship, "Second Maitre de Bihan," was delivered late on the after-
noon of 13 February at the Amura fortress, by Corvette Capt Philippe Portalier,
to Comrade Jacinto Silva Junior, secretary general of the FARP [People's
Revolutionary Armed Forces].

The gift, to be given to the patients at the Bissalanca air base military
hospital, consists of 850 kilograms of wheat flour, 800 of pasta, 180
crates of tomatoes, 216 crates of powdered milk, 480 liters of oil, 720 cans
of condensed milk and 15 kilograms of various medicines.

Also during his stay in Bissau, the corvette captain and ship commander,
Philippe Portalier, held a press conference on board ship with the national
news media, during which he stated that the ship's passage through Bissau

is associated with the cooperation and friendship that exist between Guinea-
Bissau and France.

Commander Portalier also noted: "The ship's mission, also along the West
African coasts, is part of the exercise of the French warships in these zones,
called 'Okoume.'"

Also involved in this voyage, which will take them to several African countries
on our coast, ending in Libreville, are five more shps, each of which is
visiting different countries: Madeira, Cape Verde, Senegal and Guinea-Bissau.
Commanded by Rear Admiral Cotanea,the frigates left from the north of France,
at Brest, each with its own crew, consisting of nearly 100 men, as Commander
Portalier also told the news media.

2909
CSO: 3442/199


JPRS-SSA-85-029
1l April 1985

GUINEA-BISSAU

SOVIET TOURISTS TRAVELING IN BISSAU
Bissau NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 16 Feb 85 p 5

[Test] A ship carrying Soviet tourists has been in the country since Tuesday,
for the purpose of enabling them to convince the youth of the African countries
to participate on a mass scale in the 12th Festival of Youth and Students,
scheduled to take place in Moscow (Soviet Union) this year.

According to the deputy head of the cruiser, Aleksandr Bogomolov, second secre-
tary of the Leninist Komsomol, there is in the Soviet Union an extensive move-
ment, known as the "student construction detail," and there are volunteer
performance groups, in other words, students who travel during their spare

time from the city to the construction sites where: labor is needed.

That official said:"This is an interesting type of work, on the one hand; and
it helps our country's economic development, on the other."

Most of the tourists, who number 300, are from the construction field, and the
others are from the kolkhozes.

The ship with the aforementioned tourists is visiting five African countries,
namely, Angola, Nigeria, Benin and Sierra Leone, with Bissau as its last stop.

The official also stressed that, in all the countries that they have visited,
they held meetings with the representatives of the youth organizations, and
that, "our attention was focused on peace."

in conclusion, he said that the representatives of the youth vanguard, JAAC,
"received us very cordially and in a friendly atmosphere."

2909
CSO: 3442/199



the latter are advancing on the combat fronts, we guarantee the security of
the people in the urban and suburban areas."

More Members

One of the tasks of the militias is to bring increasing numbers of members into
this regiment; however, last year, the militias command unit trained a consi-
derable number of workers for self-defense, and in the schools of the city,
nearly 400 individuals, including teachers and students, have been trained.
According to Joao Nabula, "The city's schools now have a force for defending
their lives and the state's property for education."

Discussing the militias' practical work, he said that the majority are workers
in enterprises who,"by day work at their job sites and by night patrol the
residential areas, and their participation is by now well know although at
first, many claimed to be exhausted, but that phase is virtually over. Now
it is an everyday occurrence and what the majority have shown offers positive
indications."

The most significant problems that have been discovered during the oprations are
those involving thieves, incomplete documentation, breaking into residences,
sexual corruption, involvement with the BA's [armed bandits] and petty theft

on public thoroughfares, where there are crowds of people.

These cases are handled according to regulations and turned over to the compe-
tent entities, and when one suspected of involvement with the BA's is ‘concerned,
he is turned over directly to security for special treatment; when sexual
corruption is involved, he is turned over to. the district's legal agencies;

and if it is a case of proven theft, it is also handled in the district.

Joao Nabula commented: "In all this work, we have found a very large group of
youths between the ages of 12 and 15, who engage in such petty thefts. We

turn them over to the PPM [Mozambican People's Police], but they are released
the next day and continue engaging in such actions again.. We have not yet found
a solution for this group of idlers from the legal entities. Perhaps if we had
a juvenile court on the provincial level, we could solve it." He expressed
great concern over surmounting this problem hampering the work of the militias,
adding: "The situation is very serious, because these young people do not have
a bright future."

At the behest of the party structures, the militiaman in the city of Quelimane
can be readily distinguished from other forces, because he has displayed his
own uniform since last year; an action that was taken immediately after the
creation of the command unit on this level. So, one cannot confuse a military
man with a militiaman.

There is a good relationship between.the defense and security entities; the
problems that have arisen are minor and have been solved immediately.

14


on the border dispute between Guinea~Bissau and Guinea-Conakry will be read
on 14 February, in the Hague (Netherlands), where the sessions of the court
of arbitration are being held. The members of the National Border Commission,
headed by Fidelis Cabral D'Almada, will leave Bissau on 12 February, bound for
the Hague. [Text] [Bissau NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 9 Feb 85 p 6] 2909

cso: 3442/199


The movement of Indians in the OFS was initially controlled under the terms of
a ruling from General Smuts, in accordance with the "Law Governing the Admis-
sion of Persons to the Union, 1913." This law amounted to forbidding Indians
who lived in one province from traveling in other provinces.

In 1973 certain relaxations were introduced into the law, and in 1975 it was
abolished, although letters of authority were still needed to visit the OFS.

In 1983 Mr F.W. De Klerk announced in parliament that the movement of Indians
into and through the OFS would no longer be restricted.

Indians are, however, still forbidden to stay longer than two months in the

OFS or to settle there, in accordance with Chapter 33 of the old OFS code of
‘ law.

8117
a CSO: 3401/124

79



JPRS-SSA-85-029
i april 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

TROUBLES AT CROSSROADS; PROTECTION FOR BLACK BUSINESSES
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 20 Feb 85 p 12

(Text] With the unseemly legal duel over lavatories in the Hurley affair and
the explosion at Crossroads, this has not been one of South Africa's better
weeks. Both are lost battles-in the foreign propaganda war.

In the case of the political bishop, our government mtist take the blame itself.
The "victory," along with the inept handling of the matter--and should it ever
have been brought up for consideration?--has in effect handed our heads on a
platter to the anti-South African propagandists.

Crossroads is more difficult.

Without doubt the promises made last week by the minister of law and order,
Mr Louis le Grange, are here being carried out. And properly, too. If the
authorities cannot act more firmly, law and order cannot be restored, and the
revolution will have won the victory.

Still it remains a matter for reflection that the larger the police represen-
tation, the larger the hordes of rioters will be. This was how it was on Mon-
day in Crossroads, too. The disturbances really caught fire after the police
reinforcements appeared. .

Still the. police cannot sit by with hands folded while the hordes vent their
wrath on the persons and properties of those who cooperate with the system,
such as policemen, teachers and council members.

The rioting in the disreputable squatters' camp provokes several significant
questions. .

The first is: What makes 3 000 Blacks in a squatters’ camp with internation-
ally disreputable, hand-to-mouth living conditions rebel violently against the
prospect of being transferred to a new village with all the basic conveniences
and more?

For, if preliminary information is correct, this is why the rebellion occurred.
A rumor was deliberately circulated that the people were going to be. trans-
ferred to Khayelitsha, a rumor that was promptly rejected as untrue by the min-
ister of cooperation and development.

82


In the case of rice alone, the prospects do not appear to be very good,
because of the fact that the rain has come soon and in large amounts.
Although there are many farms covered with this grain, the water is threaten-
ing its development, a fact which is worrying many peasants, mainly in the
low-lying areas.

We were assured by peasants whom we contacted that in the higher areas the
water would not damage the rice crops.

The administrator, Chivavice Muchangage, told us that, in the locality of
Estaquinha, devastated by the drought last year, the situation improved in
1985, and hence better results than those in 1984 are expected in the area
of farm production.

When asked about the possibilities of the district of Buzi's being able, over
the short term, to raise its food reserves to meet the needs caused by the
disasters on time, that leader declared:

"Up until now, it has been impossible to create a supply to deal with the
emergency cases, because with every passing day new requirements arise.
However, this doesn't mean that we have already depleted all that we have
received," remarked our interviewee.

According to his statements, while part of the products is sent to the sites

where the channeling thereof is necessary, another portion is kept in reserve
for contingencies that may arise.

2909
CSO: _3442/190

20


1570505

JPRS-SSA-85-029°
11 April 1985

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Still it remains a disturbing question, as to why the inhabitants of Crossroads,
precisely like those of Sophiatown and Newclare in earlier years, chose their
slum conditions over respectable housing.

The other question is much more serious: How do we convince Crossroads’ 3 000
inhabitants, plus the thousands of other Blacks in the nation who make use of
violent means of protest, that negotiation and cooperation will produce better
results for them than murder, incendiary bombs and plundering?

In the parliament sit Colored and Indian leaders, courageous people who have
taken the hand of cooperation despite their small mandate. But the UDF [United
Democratic Front], the NIC [Natal Indian Congress], Azapo [Azanian People's Or-
ganization], the SARK [expansion unknown] and even the middle-of-the-road In-
katha reject it, or at least see no chance for openness in the envisaged forum
of discourse.

The important thing is no longer the package being offered, but the strategy of
persuasion.

Free Trade Districts

We should like to hope that the reservations expressed by the minister of devel-
opment and planning, Mr Chris Heunis, with respect to the establishment of free
trade districts, do not result in unnecessary delays and inertia.

At the same time, throwing open all trade districts with a simple stroke of the
pen is out of the question, although a general opening up remains the ultimate
goal. .

Still, it is imperative, for example, that the less experienced and more finan-
cially limited black entrepreneur in a black neighborhood be protected against
inundation by white competitors. Therefore black villages cannot be thrown
open summarily, even though the ingress of white business enterprises, in a
planned and orderly way, is necessary for their economic growth.

Finally, however, the black businessman must also realize that the Whites must

have the same right to compete in black districts that Blacks now demand in
white districts. :

At the same time, there are other circumstances that will make it undesirable
and even economically unsound for the body politic to open up some business
districts summarily, especially in rural areas.

On the other hand, opening up downtown business districts, such as those of
Johannesburg, Pretoria, Durban and others can only be productive. The vested

» interests there are strong enough to accommodate new competition. And as far

as black businessmen are concerned, this is in large measure a theoretical con-
cession at this stage of the game, but one with good publicity value.

Firm and solid standards must be maintained, however, in order to exclude shan-
tytown shops and bikies' hangouts, irrespective of race or color.

8117
csO: 3401/124 END

83



-029
JPRS-SSA-85: 02!
11 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

OTM PROFICIENCY COURSE FOR DEPARTMENT HEADS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 7 Feb 85 p 2

[Text] A training course for department chiefs in the branches of the OTM
[Mozambican Workers Organization] in the city of Maputo began the day before
yesterday, and will last 20 days. .

The opening ceremony was headed by the secretary of the Control Committee of
the Mozambican Workers Organization in the city, Ana Sansao Timane.

There are 30 individuals participating in this course, coming from three
departments, namely, Socialist emulation, health and security, and work and
wages. :

The selection of those members was coordinated with the chiefs of the branches
to which they are assigned.

According to a source from the city of Maputo's OTM, during the course subjects
will be taught which are related to the three departments, as well as planning.
The same source added that the-students will have classes only during the
afternoon interval.

Addressing the new students, the Control Committee secretary said that the
training of those department chiefs fulfills the recommendations emanating
from the Fourth Session of the OTM Central Council, which ended on Saturday.
At that session, it was recommended that more cadres be trained to ensure
the improved operation of the organization's various agencies.

Ana Sansao Timane added: "Your training should ensure combating nakedness,
poverty and hunger; because we comprise the army for that battle."

That official also mentioned the diligence and punctuality that the students
should show to make better use of the materials, and wished them a good
relationship with the advisers.

2909
CsO: 3442/193

43


JPRS-SSA-85-029
1l April 1985

\ MOZAMBIQUE

SOFALA GOVERNOR VISITS NHAMATANDA, DEFINES PRIORITIES
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 4 Feb 85 pp 8-9

[Text] The pressing need for an urgent solution to the problems of military
discipline, particularly those of logistics, but relying on the involvement

of the entire population, was the issue that dominated the program for the
recent 2-day visit paid to the district of Nhamatanda by the provincial
director of Sofala, Maj Gen Marcelino dos Santos. This requirement was made
more express at the meetings held with local cadres from the party, the govern-
ment and the defense and security forces. The first task to be accomplished

to attain this goal is to concentrate all the available resources on the
production of essential equipment for the troops, particularly for those on

the combat front fighting the armed bandits.

That member of the FRELIMO Party's Politburo also remarked that this measure
results from the fact that it has been observed that everything that must be
done at present for the good of the Mozambican society "entails victory in

the war against the armed bandits." While heading toward that victory, "we
must seek different circumstances. It does no good to just go about expressing
regret about things which, at the outset, we realize lack conditions making
their procurement possible."

Knowing How to Determine Priorities

At one of the meetings that he held with local leaders, Marcelino dos Santos
first explained the purposes of his trip, noting: "Very simply, we have come
to see the work being done to implement the instructions stating that every—
thing must be concentrated to win the war, and that the present priority is
the war."

Going back a little in time, to make clear the importance attached to the
action being taken, he discussed the process of devising the territorial plan
for this year, the work for which was headed by provincial brigades working in
all the districts, including Nhamatanda.

He stated: "We have already discussed this many times. But it has not turned
out, why? Because we have to make a plan that will guarantee that the armed
bandits will not destroy what we are doing. This means that the territorial



who have already registered to carry their cards. These young men will then
be called upon in organized fashion to carry out the task of defending the
fatherland.

For this reason, all of the agitation being created in the streets, carparks,
markets, neighborhoods, transit checkpoints and other sites where people
gather is a purely opportunistic campaign. _It should not be confused with
the routine patrol actions. They indeed are legal and should be carried out
and respected by all, because asking citizens for identification is a measure
which makes it possible to take action against idlers, vagrants and even
infiltrated bandits.

It should be noted that this FAM/FPLM officer pointed out, on the other hand,
that the patrol brigades are authorized to require those in violation, indi-
viduals whose names have been selected for SMO but who have failed to appear,
_to accompany them to the Recruiting and Mobilization Center.

In the course of patrol duty, young men whose registration cards are suspi-
cious-~falsified documents, as well as the cards of young men who have moved
illegally from one province to another, that is to say without reporting to
their respective recruiting centers, can also be taken to the center.

In this connection, Lieutenant Charles explained that the situation of those
holding illegal cards is normalized, while with regard to those in violation,
the measures consistent with the law are implemented.

5157
CSO: 3442/195


IPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

- MOZAMBIQUE

IRRIGATION PROJECTS INAUGURATED IN LIMPOPO VALLEY
Maputo NOTICIAS -in Portuguese 20 Feb 85 p 2

[Text] Promising new prospects are starting to emerge in the area of Limpopo
Valley, in Gaza Province, involving the integrated regional development, with
the opening of two major irrigation projects, namely, that at Chalucuane and
the one at Bolsa de Chilembene. These are agricultural programs aimed, on the
one hand, at raising the basic food production and, on the other, at preparing
conditions forthe production of surpluses. The opening of the two irrigation
projects was carried out by President Samora Machel, who was accompanied by the
governor of Gaza, Col Aurelio Manave, and by other party and state officials.
Meanwhile, it was announced that the Macarretane project works (another leading
agricultural program) will benefit an area of 1,200 hectares, which may possibly
attain moderate rates of grain and vegetable production.

With a project valued at 60,000 contos, 40,000 of which have already been spent,
work has been done at the Bolsa de Chilembene projects to move 200,000 cubic
meters of earth, and to construct a canal 3,000 meters long, as well as another
that is 4,000 meters long, in addition to building two pumping stations, one of
which is already in operation, and the other in the initial phase.

Each of the 50 irrigation ditches built, totaling 53 kilometers, has the capacity
to carry 50 liters of water per second.

Information provided to NOTICIAS discloses that, with the capacity to irrigate
1,500 hectares, the Bolsa de Chilembene irrigation project expects to achieve
an annual production of 3,200 tons of corn, 100 tons of beans, 1,000 tons of
vegetables and another 200 tons of miscellaneous crops. Of this production,
it is planned to market 1,500 tons of corn and 800 tons of vegetables.

The Bolsa de Chilembene irrigation projects opened in December 1983, with manual
work done by the region's population. Last year, the program received an impetus
from mechanization, when nearly 200 meters of earth-filling had already been
completed on the main canal.

Chalucuane Irrigation

On the Chalucuane irrigation project, valued at 15,000 contos, of which 14,000
have been spent to date, work has been done to move 95,000 cubic meters of earth

56


JPRS-SSA-85-029
1l April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

UEM HOPES TO TRAIN ADDITIONAL FORESTRY ENGINEERS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 16 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] Eleven forestry engineers have been trained by Eduardo Mondlane Univer-
sity [UEM] since 1979, the date on which this specialty was introduced at the
School of Agronomy and Silviculture of that institution of higher learning.

At present, two groups are taking the subjects of this course, and it is expected
that, this year, six more specialists will be graduated; which will make a total
of 17 engineers trained in the country.

Since this is a new speciality in the courses for graduation from Eduardo
Mondlane University, this field, has thus far had little participation from
the standpoint of attendance by the students entering that institution.

As we learned from the Forestry Engineering Department of the Eduardo Mondlane
University's School of Agronomy and Silviculture, the introduction of this
speciality has now become rather wasteful, because there has not been achieved
the necessary number of students for rapid progress and publicity for it;
something which has, as a result, caused the investment made not to be compensat-
ed for. .

According to sources associated with the matter, the forestry engineering field
provides knowledge on the methods, techniques and tools used in the operations
involving silviclture, and notions of raw material supplies for the forest
industries; which affords the forestry engineer information on the planning

and construction of forest networks and roads.

Moreover, the instruction will enable the future specialist to know how to plan
and execute the plans for forest exploitation, while at the same time enabling

‘ him to organize the equipment, receive training in a system for forest fire

prevention and fighting, as well as learning how to apply safety and health
programs in: the work of exploiting forests.

Information obtained from the department for this speciality reveals that a
forestry engineer will be equipped to practice his activities in the agencies
and enterprises whose nature requires the knowledge associated with the field.
This coverage includes forestry enterprises, forestry management, processing
industry and others, for the purpose of allowing for rational use of the forest
resources and the total development of the human communities which are influenced
by them either directly or indirectly.

39



JPRS-SSA-85-029 ~
11 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT TOLERANCE BLAMED FOR BLACK VIOLENCE
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 13 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] The atmosphere of violence that now prevails in South Africa is caused
by the government's .powerlessness to take action and its perpetual concessions.

These were the sentiments of the HNP [Herstigde National Party] leader, Mr Jaap
Marais, when he addressed a large public gathering at thé Pretoria city hall.

Mr Marais spoke chiefly about the fuel question in his address, but also re-
ferred to the recent Kennedy visit and the possible release of ANC [African
National Congress] leader, Nelson Mandela.

Mr Marais referred to the great damage being perpetrated in the black neigh-
borhoods of Vaaldriehoek and asked: “If this is not a sign of anarchy, then
what is?

In spite of this criminality, no punishment was administered, but the govern-
ment went quietly ahead to try to determine what the grievances of the blacks
were. Thewhites were told that they had to pay.

"I£ Mandela is released under such circumstances, what more is necessary for
revolution and violence to break out in South Africa? Can a government that
wants to maintain order even after a fashion act in such a way?"

No one need doubt any longer that the government does not have the courage to
make use of its authority against those who threaten it. The government lets
itself be blackmailed by foreign nations and by the fomenters of civil disor-
der; they present their demands to it.

Mr Marais wants to tellthe government that it is not only the blacks and the
Americans who can make demands; the Afrikaner and the white man can also make
demands, said Mr Marais to great applause.

The atmosphere that prevails today in the country is the result of the govern-
ment's lack of power in taking action against the fomenters of disorder; every
new demand and disturbance is tolerated with greater leniency, and therefore
the rioters become more and more defiant.



warehouse, DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE reporters learned from the. Ministry of Ports,
Railways and Merchant Marine, which owns the vessel. Our source said that
the Chinde was dispatched to this coastal locality because it lacks minimal
port infrastructures on land, specifically warehouses.

"The main task of the Chinde in Zambezia," our interlocutor explained, "will
be to serve as a warehouse for the sugar produced by the Sena Sugar Estates
in Luabo.

“As the public is aware, we do not have any port infrastructures on land in
Chinde, specifically warehouses, which is causing serious problems in the
shipment of this sugar.

"In fact, the following method is used to ship sugar from Luabo: coastal
vessels and launches travel to Luabo and then come back down the river to the
port of Chinde. As these lighters and launches are small, and as a result
can carry small cargo loads, vessels spend a long time (about 10 days)
loading in the port of Chinde, which raises transportation costs.

"With the vessel Chinde anchored in the port, the process of shipping the
sugar will be much facilitated, because these coastal vessels and launches
will go to that vessel to load, and when they are full, it will send a
message to Maputo or Beira concerning transshipment to another vessel. As
can be seen, the transportation costs will be minimized."

Four Years of Idleness

The Chinde has been anchored in the port of Maputo for the past 4 years,
since the engines and some generators had broken down.

When the NAVIQUE was established, following the liquidation of the Mozambican
Navigation Company and the Limpopo enterprise, some of ‘the assets of these
two enterprises were transferred to the new body. Only the vessels which
were in good navigational condition, which was not the case with the Chinde,
were transferred to NAVIQUE ownership.

In fact, we learned, this vessel was in dubious navigational condition and
its domestic and international certificates had lapsed. To renew them, pay-
ments in convertible currency would have been necessary for repairs, which
were not justified for the Chinde.

"It was then realized," our source at the Ministry of Ports, Railways and
Merchant Marine said, "that one of the ways of utilizing this ship was to
convert it into a support vessel in the port of Chinde, since we had no

. warehouses on land."

Concerning the current condition of the vessel, we were told that the Chinde,
after the necessary repairs, will be able to proceed under its own power to
this port in the province of Zambezia, making a voyage during which it will
stop at the port of Beira.

5157

CSO: 3442/195 27


JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

- MOZAMBIQUE

ITALIAN SCHOLARSHIPS FOR SCIENCE INSTRUCTORS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 16 Feb 85 p 2

[Text] The Italian Government may place 12 study grants for the years 1986-87
at the disposal of Mozambique, to be used for Mozambican teachers of biology,
physics and chemistry. This information was disclosed at the end of the
seminar to assess the work accomplished by a group of Italian instructors as
part of a project for cooperation between the Mozambican Ministry of Education
and the Italian non-governmental organization, CROCEVIA.

Participating in this final session were the national director of education,
Adelino Cruz; the director of foreign relations in the Ministry of Education;
the director of the Josina Machel Secondary School; and Mozambican and Italian
teachers working on this project.

The session was marked by the submission of summaries and proposals by the
study groups focusing on, among other topics, the need to reinforce the
training of Mozambican teachers, as well as the installation and management of
laboratories. In the realm of teaching methodology, stress was placed on the
need for training evaluation and educational rehabilitation, aimed at raising
the level of learning and educational achievement among students.

In his remarks, the national director of education, Adelino Cruz, said that
the Mozambican educational system had succeeded, as a result of the arrival

of Italian and other instructors, in increasing the number of students in the
schools and that now the time has come to enhance the quality of education in
our country. Director Adelino Cruz stated in conclusion: "For this reason, I
am very grateful to the Italian teachers who are involved in implementing this
project."

Next, some slides were shown, illustrating practice lessons in the chemistry
and biology laboratories of the Pemba secondary school.

2909. :
CSO: 3442/193

4A


Currently, the district capital has only hostel functioning, which can accom-
modate half a dozen guests and can serve 10 or so at meals. According to
those who have no family anywhere nearby, this is a real problem. But let us
examine the situation.

The crews of various ships travel to and from the port of Chinde, and if only
out of curiosity, they go ashore to see what there is there, not to mention
the passengers on the Sena Sugar Estates steamships which provide river ser-
vice, the crews of the Mezingo, the Zanha, and the motor launches Carla and
Doddy which transport molasses.

The Chinde anchorage, known as the port which ships the sugar wealth of Luabo
and Marromeu, is located at one of the mouths of the Zambezi delta about 99
kilometers to the south of Quelimane in the province of Zambezia. Because of
its importance, it has been much used by shipping vessels despite the diffi-
culties of access at the entry, which are aggravated by the lack of minimal
port infrastructures on land, specifically a wharf or simply warehouses for
the .packaging of cargo.

According to reports obtained in the locality by DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE
reporters, the situation will only be improved by the execution of plans
calling for the placement of beacons and lighted buoys, as well as other
features of a marking system for the minimal safety of maritime navigation.

Another detail which must be dealt with, according to personnel at the local
maritime administration office is the building of a pier with real docking
access and, obviously, the installation of electric cranes (at least two) to
facilitate the mechanical handling of cargoes.

Obviously, in the view of the port authority workers, the purchase of a
tugboat or launches minimally equipped with pumps for drainage, widening and
firefighting would not be excessive, unless an astronomical investment were
required.

Moreover, a vessel with such characteristics is always of necessary useful-
ness, above all when there are shipwrecks, which frequently happens in this
zone because of the many sandbanks and the inadequate number of lighthouses.

And if memory serves, at the time the Greek vessel Castle Glory (see photo-
graph) ran aground, the lack of vessels to provide aid, as a tug or launch
could do, was rather notorious.

The port of Chinde, in the final analysis, also needs minimal equipment in
terms of telecommunications (above all where radios for maritime communica-
tions are concerned) as is necessary, moreover, in any court area, whether or
not it serves coastal shipping.

Vessel secomes a Floating Warehouse

Last Tuesday, the vessel Chinde left the city of Maputo, bound for the port
of Chinde in the province of Zambezia, where it will serve as a floating

26


Domingos Canda remarked: "We planned the 60 tons based on the situation that
was confronting us. Suddenly, it began to rain, and then the cashew trees
received new life, which caused us to anticipate a good production.”

The military operations carried out by the Armed Forces of Mozambique /FPLM
stationed in the region helped greatly in the success of the campaign.

With the bandits driven out of the areas, and good conditions for producing
the cashew nuts, the population could engage peacefully in recovering the
cashew plantations and harvesting this product’ for marketing.

Domingos Canda said that, among the party and state structures in the district
and the localities, "we noted a great concern for the process, contributing
ideas, suggestions and material facilities for surmounting the difficulties
that were hampering the progress of the marketing."

As for the role played by the local officials, the AGRICOM district agent
made a point of delivering the following comments:

"I would like to take this occasion to express my public acknowledgment of
the action taken by our first secretary and district administrator, who
contributed ‘greatly to the results that have been recorded."

As part of the work to prepare for the campaign, the population was apprised
of the need for everyone to take part in it. Domingos Canda explained to us:
"We made it clear that every available cashew nut must be picked and channeled
to the marketing circuits."

As we had occasion to witness “on the spot," the population as a whole took
part in this process.

In shops and trading posts, there was a large throng of people carrying this
export product. As we learned in a conversation with members of the population,
some individuals traveled enormous distances to deliver the nuts which they

had managed to obtain in exchange for the provisions that they needed.

Protecting the Producer's Interests

The price used for the purchase of cashews from the producer, of 10,000 meticals
per kilogram, is considered encouraging.

The introduction of the percentage system in the trade is a point that was
received approvingly by the people contacted by us in this regard.

In fact, for some products, people did not find themselves forced to compile
a volume of nuts that corresponded exactly to the product that was sought.

They would purchase what they wanted by turning over part of the value of the

commodity in nuts and a percentage in money. AGRICOM agents check the weight
of the nuts at the sales stations to prevent the producer from being cheated.

63



JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

GUINEA-BISSAU

BRIEFS

NETHERLANDS DONATION-~Vam Toor, in charge of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign
Affairs' cooperation for West Africa, said that the Netherlands is granting
Guinea-Bissau 139.2 billion escudos to improve residential neighborhoods.

Vam Toor made this comment a few moments before his departure for Bissau,
where he will remain a few days for meetings with the Guinean authorities

in connection with the cooperative relations between the two countries. Van
added that he was gratified at the meetings that he had held with the different
economic sectors of national life. The delegation from the Netherlands, which
consists of several technicians, has held talks with Ministers Carlos Correia,
Mario Cabral and Filinto Barros, who head the Ministry of Rural Development and
Fisheries, the Ministry of.Commerce and Tourism and the Ministry of Natural

Resources, respectively. [Text] [Bissau NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 13 Feb 85
p 6] 2909

FRENCH WARSHIP VISIT--From 12 to.15 February, a warship, "Second Maitre de
Bihan," from the French Republic, will be visiting Bissau. During its stay in
Bissau, several sports events have been scheduled, as well as a reception on
board, offered by the commander, Corvette Captain Portalier. The Guinean
authorities will also pay a courtesy visit to the French vessel. The "Second
Maitre de Bihan" is an antisubmarine fighting ship in coastal waters, sailing
at depths under 200 meters. It can take on other secondary missions, such as
maritime surveillance of coastal waters and high seas school instruction. The
ship, 80 meters long and 10.30 meters wide, with a maximum speed of 23.5 knots,
operates with two diesel engines, each with 6,000 horsepower. It has rather
sophisticated antisubmarine and antisurface weaponry: [Excerpt] [Bissau NO
PINTCHA in Portuguese 9 Feb 85 p 7] 2909

DISCUSSIONS ON BORDER DIFFERENCES--On Thursday, delegations from Guinea-Bissau
and Senegal met in Bissau to negotiate the agreement for an international
arbitration commitment concerning the dispute between the two countries over
maritime borders. Since agreement was not reached with regard to certain
points in the draft commitment under discussion, another meeting will be called
in Dakar on a date to be set through diplomatic channels. The Guinean delega-
tion to the talks was headed by Comrade Fidelis Cabral D'Almada, chairman of
the National Border Commission and minister of education. The Senegalese
delegation was led by the minister of foreign affairs, Ibrahima Fall, who left
Bissau yesterday. Meanwhile, as the newspaper NO PINTCHA learned, the decision



JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

MARRACUENE YOUTH MOBILIZED IN SECURITY EFFORT
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 9 Feb 85 p 5
{article by Jose Manuel]

[Text] Maputo--The participation of the young people of
Marracuene District, Maputo Province, in the defense of the
country was described by Seja Massave, provincial secretary
of the 0JM [Organization of Mozambican Youth], as very posi-
tive, owing to the intensive mobilization efforts of that
mass democratic organization in all the localities and settle-
ment in this zone.

Some 400 young people fram several areas of. Marracuene recently attended a course
conducted there in political-military participation. In cooperation with the
Mozambican Armed Forces, they are now taking part in actions to eliminate the
armed bandits and are also patrolling residential areas and production centers.

“Currently, in addition to educating our youth on the necessity and importance
of defending the country, we are also enlisting the young people in specific
tasks in the struggle against hunger and against the armed bandits, particularly
in the border areas between our district and Manica District," Seja Massave
said.

We learned that mobilization of the young people to become involved in combating
banditry is featured prominently in the 0JM plan for Marracuene District,
although their engagement in the battle against hunger is no less important.

“We are optimistic about the youth involvement in the struggle against the
bandits. In recent months, many young people have volunteered for military
training as one of the basic conditions to drive out the enemy," Massave
stressed.

Regarding the registration for compulsory military service [SMO], which has
been going on since 2 January, Seja Massave said that 16 posts had been set
up in various localities and settlements in Marracuene.

Continuing, our informant said that the young people of Marracuene had responded
in praiseworthy fashion to the SMO registration, particularly following the
decision of the Party Provincial Committee, which met recently in-Maputo to



Mr Marais said that the so-called reform lets the momentum toward revolution in-
crease because it raises expectations.

The pressure for change and reform comes from the wealthy, who want to make more
and more money through the transfer of money to the blacks.

Later in his address, Mr Marais said that the government is selling out the peo-
ple and making South Africa a colony of America. The government maintains an
alliance with the Hoggenheimers at the expense of the nation and its people.

"Look at the government's actions. It behaves like people who want to remain
in this country for only 10 years more and then move on.

"If the.government still has any self-respect and sense of honor left, it must
resign because of its total incompetence to govern the country. This lack of
competence holds true not only for the price of fuel, but also for its total
economic misadministration, the neglect of the white man's interests and

total destruction of South Africa's republican freedom," said Mr Marais.

8117
csO: 3401/123

81



Meanwhile, in the event that it were possible to remove the fertilizer that
should be used for cultivating the corn by the end of February, it means that
the enterprise will expect to harvest 4,000 tons of corn during this 1984-85
agricultural campaign. If the fertilizer does not arrive in time, CAIA will
produce only enough corn for the workers’ consumption.

With the non-fulfillment of the corn production goals at the Angonia Agro-
Industrial Complex, we would have to anticipate another year of food crisis
in Tete.

Potatoes

Rhine potatoes rank second in the production plans of the CAIA enterprise.
During the current agricultural campaign, working on an area of 80 hectares

was established as a goal. With regard to this crop, the goal has been exceed-
ed, with an area of 85 hectares seeded.

The germinating power of the potatoes was very slight, because this is the
fifth or sixth generation. Hence, on the seeded area, only an area of 75
hectares germinated suitably.

The workers at the Angonia Agro-Industrial Complex are attempting to defy
nature in the agricultural campaign, despite the problems associated with the
lack of production factors.

To cope with the non-fulfillment of the plans, the management of the enterprise
has stipulated that 300 hectares of second season potatoes are to be worked
on, with an increase in the areas devoted to vegetable production. This
program will be implemented as soon as all the necessary production factors
have been received.

This year, the CATIA enterprise experienced problems the solution to which
depends on external forces.

At present, the agrarian complex is waiting to receive the potato seed, to
ensure the production of this crop during the forthcoming seasons. The amount
necessary is 300 tons. Since this is an import product, the administrators of
Boror Distributors and Interquimica have already been contacted. The provincial
director of agriculture in Tete Province ,told our reporter that, if the potato
seed fails to arrive during February, this will mean that the enterprise will
remain 2 years without producing potatoes.

Wine
This year, the Angonia Agro-Industrial Complex will produce 1,500 liters of
wine. This liquid will be produced from grapevines growing over an area of 20

hectares during this first phase.

The Angonia Agro-Industrial Complex began planting grapevines in 1980. At the
time, several difficulties of a technical nature were confronted in the area

54


JPRS-SSA~85-029
11 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CAMPAIGN AGAINST ALLOWING INDIANS IN ORANGE FREE STATE
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 13 Feb 85 p 2

[Text] Eleven thousand protest pamphlets against admitting Indians into the
Orange Free State (OFS) have now been circulated in that province. Initially
only 7 000 were distributed, but the positive reaction was so overwhelming
that another 4 000 were hurriedly printed up.

This development comes on the heels of a statement made by the minister of jus-
tice, Mr Kobie Coetzee, that the OFS NP has set up a special committee to in-
vestigate the question of Indians in the OFS, "so that the province may fall in
line with the rest of South Africa."

Mr Johan Knoetze, the secretary of the divisional committee of the HNP [Her-
stigte National Party] at Odendaalsrus, and Mr Jannie Meyer, the HNP organizer
at Goudvelde in the OFS, are in charge of the action against Indians in the
OFS. ACcording to Mr Knoetze, overwhelmingly positive reactions are being re-
ceived, and the OFS.is in turmoil over the possibility that Indians will be
allowed to live there.

Suspicions that the government will very shortly be doing away with the re-
strictions against Indians in the OFS and North Natal were further confirmed

in a speech made by the minister for domestic affairs, Mr F.W. De Klerk, in

the Chamber of Deputies. Mr De Klerk said that there must be proper consulta-
tion with the leaders of all the different population groups after delibera-
tion has taken place with the leaders of the NP in the OFS and in Transvaal.

De Klerk replied, in response to a motion made by an Indian MP, Mr S.V. Naicker,
that the restrictions must be repealed because this is racial discrimination.

The government has long been preparing the way for the admission of Indians to
the OFS and the districts of Vryheid and Utrecht in Natal. Already as early
as April 1983 the OFS administrator, Mr Louis Botha, indicated that he would
not oppose the admission of Indians. "The OFS will not be an impediment to
the quest for an ideal constitutional system for the nation," he said to a
Johannesburg Sunday newspaper. In deliberations with the minister of consti-
tutional development, Mr Chris Heunis, the latter instructed Indian leaders to
leave the matter in his hands.

This was after Mr Rajbansi had informed him that it would be "ludicrous" to
give Indians the right to sit in parliament and the cabinet, and at the same
to preserve laws that forbid them to live and work in one of the provinces.

73


"In-this respect, we have obtained positive results, but there are difficul-
ties in control, because the diversion of products is still occurring as a
result of the hunger crisis affecting the workers. On the other hand, our
study has one great shortcoming, since we lack the reagents for analyzing
soil types, and apart from this, we do not have tools for the measurement and
analysis of the climatic data, not to speak of the question of cadres capable
of carrying out this scientific work accurately.

"In my opinion, this problem of the varieties of sugar cane and research in
general merits profound and serious study by the pertinent bodies, with a
view to defining a policy of regional cooperation which will be advantageous
and. profitable," the director of agronomy at the Marromeu sugar mill said in
conclusion.

5157
CsO: 3342/191

6



hunger, Jose Chicoe said that "we have the land, which is ours. It was the
FRELIMO which liberated it, We must work hard and utilize what we have as it
should be used."

Organization of the Complex

The Zimpeto Crop and Livestock Complex has 42 workers in all, 22 of them
women. There is an administrative director, a farm technician, a hog
breeder, who also sees to the apiculture section, and an agrarian technician.
The proprietor says that this structure was established so that the work
would proceed as it should. He for his part does not want to concern himself
with administrative matters, and he said that he was not knowledgeable about
many things, but that it was necessary to have technicians who do know upon
whom to rely.

Jose Chicoe said that in addition to being thé proprietor, he would like to
have free time to concern himself fully with the development of the work and
to put various ideas he has into practice. His concern is maximal utiliza-
tion of the complex, to show the coming generation what can be done there.
The hives for the raising of bees were produced there. The lagoons for the
fish were created with the workers’ hands. No sophisticated machinery came
into it.

The feed for the poultry sector is produced there, in addition to the little
distributed to the complex. "We produce locally, because what we receive
from the plant is not enough to meet our needs," Jose Chicoe explained. The
local corn is mailed here, and the limited supplies received, leftover food
and animal carcasses, which are later burned, are processed into food for the
chickens and ducks.

As to food for the rabbits, a group of workers has the daily task of cutting
grass for these animals. When we visited the site, another group was busy
harvesting the first oranges of the year. Last year, the 3500 trees produced
30 tons of oranges.

At the complex, three corn crops are harvested each year. Although not much
space could be allocated for this crop, last year 18 tons of corn were pro-

duced. "This year the corn yielded very well. If the producers had had the
proper incentives and if production had been -more widespread, it would have

been optimal," Jose Chicoe said.

There will soon be a third lagoon for duck breeding. It will be located
below the other two, where fish are raised, and will lie almost entirely
within the truck gardening area. A need which has been felt for a long time
now is for tomato seeds, which Jose Chicoe said should already have been
delivered but has not been. Obviously this type of lack of support, apart
from discouraging the producers, does not speak at all well for those respon-
sible for it.

34


responsible for training and developing young people, including elementary and
high school and university level as well as young urban and rural workers
whether literate or illiterate.

The world of labor is increasingly troubled as a result of struggles and
disagreements between trade union and political party factions, worker
strikes, dismissals and reductions in personnel. Because of the economic
crisis unemployment and job insecurity now threaten each worker, hence there
can be seen a recrudescence of protest and anti-establishment actions, and of
crises within the trade union organizations.

The aggravation of unemployment, particular among the young, has caused the
president of the republic to institute an "operation graduates" (AFRICA No
163) in 1980, an operation intended to find a job, regularly paid or not, for
persons who have graduated from the higher education system. As for the
political and economic plans in this period of drought and economic recession,
the priority concern of Senegalese youth, whether student or worker, is
employment.

The Senegalese school system, to which a large part of the state budget is
devoted, is by far the most important structure which the state has placed at
the disposition of education and training. However, because of the long and
serious crisis, this school system is in the process of being reorganized,
beginning with the convocation of the states general of education and training
(January 1981) and the creation of the national commission for reform of
education and training (CNRF) whose conclusions were presented to the
president of the republic on Monday 6 August 1984. The priority objectives of
this reform are the renewal of the educational system, adaptation of school to
national life and to the needs of the people, so that it-can in fact be a
national, democratic school, in the service of the people.

Another approach was found to meet the situation of unemployed youth in the
institution of the Operational Study and Cooperation Group (GOPEC) and the
Office of Small Rural Projects (DPPR) which are ministerial bodies charged
with the training and development, and the financing (from various sources) of
youth production units in rural communities and villdges (cooperatives of
young fishermen, farmers, truck gardeners, etc.) But aside from the fact that
their financing is uncertain, since the sources are foreign, these
organizations generally train and develop rural youth only.

It thus appears that the remedies are inadequate to meet the needs of youth
and the population in general. To find work for youth, to engage it in
healthy activities, are only the preliminaries, the indispensable conditions,
for a stable existence. Yet, as a result of the development of education,
our youth's situation is such that economic demands are only one part of their
requirements. And our society itself is confronted by a paradoxical situation:
a prodigious extension of education (the school system), of information, and
hence of culture, and, in consequence, a raising of the consciousness level
not accompanied by a similar economic development. Senegal is one of the West
African countries counting the greatest number of cadres, with a large number
condemned to unemployment (unemployed doctors, engineers, and university
Ph.D's [docteurs de 3rd cycle], people with bachelor and master degrees) or

Th


Mozambican Honey

In the still recent past, the orchards were "robbed" by bees, who then pro-
duced honey, but no one knew where. Now there are 15 beehives and a new
product has emerged there: "Mozambique Honey.”

“Honey is overlooked here in our country. We could resolve a part of the
problems with the sugar shortage we have had using honey. We must make use
of the bees and put them to work for us," Jose Chicoe said in explaining one
of the major victories won at the Zimpeto Crop and Livestock Complex. When’
we visited there, another beehive was in preparation.

One of the tasks of all of the workers at the complex is to locate its swarm,
whenever they see a bee fly by. Once it has been located, the next task is
to move it to a beehive, after which it is taken to the apiary area. The
production of honey at the complex comes to 50.6 kilograms per hive for each
blossoming season. Since blossoming occurs three times a year, each hive
produces an annaul yield of 151.8 kilograms. And this product is then ready
for marketing, after the necessary authorization is obtained. It is marketed
as "Mozambique Honey," and we were given a sample. It is a delicacy.

The bees will become domesticated at the complex. Jose Chicoe explained that
.the workers no longer have the traditional fear of bees, in part also because
they now enjoy the honey they produce. Nowadays, they see a bee as a re-
source as.they would a wild rabbit.

Ernesto Moiane, head of the productfon complex, who showed us the honey pro-
duced there, already appropriately packaged, and also a beehive made at the
complex, said that "America is nothing. This is very rich."

Fish From the Lagoon

Fish do not come only from the sea. And evidence of this can be seen at the

Zimpeto Crop and Livestock Complex, where 18 tilapias Placed there on 28 June
1983 are breeding.

The two lagoons are located along the slope which leads down to the stream -

which runs through the Infulene Valley. They are man-made, and are fed by a
spring situated a little higher up. And all of the water is utilized. The

excess from the lagoons runs down to the truck garden areas and to the site

where another lagoon is being created for the ducks.

Two workers wade into one of the lagoons with a net. They walk along its
length and, finally, begin to haul in the nets. A jumble of fish begin to
leap. There are some of all sizes. Then, using another net, the largest

are selected. In 2 years, the lagoon has already yielded 160 kilograms of
tilapias. And they are excellent eating, as the workers who rely on fish from
the lagoon, properly Prepared, on holidays, can testify.

Breeding sweetwater fish is nothing unusual, but seeing the people who work
there pleased with what they produce is something else. There is no worry

35



JPRS-SSA-85-029
1l April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

WOOD SELLING LUCRATIVE BUSINESS IN MAPUTO
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 29 Jan 85 p 5

[Text] An old truck, a clever proprietor, an aged driver and an “unemployed”
mechanic are the characters in a simple story of how to make money without
much effort or risk.

It suffices to have the aged truck for hauling and the owner clever about
repairing, and the business is set up.

A business which nowadays provides enough to make considerable profits and to
live comfortably at the expense of others, those who have nothing more to do
than pay, and dearly, for the scraps of wood that they need for household fuel.

And this is the story of the wholesale wood seller in the city of Maputo who,
without concerning himself greatly about the business, can make over 30
contos a day, taking advantage of the situation marked by shortages of gas,
electricity and coal in the capital city.

At present, in this city, wood fuel is the population's alternative for
cooking, even for those living inhouses in the central area where this is
not allowed.

When it is sold in the city, the wood is separated into heaps that are not
big enough even to cook a meal. Three or four heaps cost nearly 500 meticals,
a price higher than that of the ingredients necessary for making the meal.
Good Business

"My dear friend, this is the best business right now," we were told confiden-
tially by the owner of a city truck," for I have an average profit of 30,000
meticals per day."

And he explains:

"The truck full of wood gives me a gross profit of approximately 50 contos,

from which I must deduct the expenses for fuel, the wear and tear on equipment
and the wages for the driver and the mechanic."

50


Clothing Production

We asked Minister Guebuza how it would be possible to increase the production
of clothing in the country if domestic production of raw materials is far
from meeting the requirements of this branch. In answer, that member of the
Political Bureau of the FRELIMO Party said that this concern had already been
noted.

In other words, China will not only guarantee material and technical support
for the manufacture of ready-made clothing, but also, and working jointly
with our country, will attempt to find ways of guaranteeing that future pro-
duction will come to a halt for lack of fabric, as has sometimes happened.

The. People's Republic of China is world-famous in the garment-making sector,
not only because of the large volume put out by its factories, but also
because of the excellent quality of the product.

Also in connection with textile production, Minister Guebuza said that a
Chinese delegation will come to our country this month or in March. It will
also discuss questions pertaining to the question of other consumer goods
related to light industry.

Sectors Covered

The sectors toward which this plan for increasing production is oriented are
agriculture (basically cotton and grain), mineral resources (in Manica),
light industry (the merchant marine) and foreign trade.

In connection with the cooperation with the Democratic People's Republic of
Korea, since the end of the year just passed we have seen a great influx of
experts in the field of agricultural production from that country.

Korean delegations have already visited Beira, Buzi, Manica and Chokue in
order to "study the land."

"These trips by Chinese and Korean representatives have come about as a
result of the signing of the protocols of cooperation in July of last year by
Presidents Samora Machel, Li Xiannian and Kim Il-song," Minister Armando
Guebuza said.

When asked when this activity will begin to yield tangible results, the
minister of state for the presidency said that it will not be until after it
is known whether or not pursuit of the project is viable that any prediction
as to when the first fruits will begin to be gathered can be made.

5157
CsO: 3342/191

23



JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

ANGONIA AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX FAILS TO MEET GOALS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 14 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] The Angonio Agro~Industrial Complex (CAIA) will not fulfill the produc-
tion plan that it initially approved for the 1984-85 agricultural campaign. The
late arrival of the production factors, the reduced fleet of farm machines and
the lack of labor constitute essential factors for failure to complete the

area for growing corn and potatoes at that agrarian complex. In this current
campaign, the CAIA had planned an area of 2,500 hectares for corn production
associated with the first season. But, owing to the late arrival of the fuel,
the producing land was prepared at the wrong time, causing a lag in the
seeding process. For this reason, only an area of 1,300 hectares was seeded
with corn.

The excessive rain that occurred since the second half of December of last
year is an element which to some extent hampered the operation of the machines
for the tilling and harrowing of.the farms. The labor shortage also had an
immense effect here.

In the seeded area, there have been serious problems regarding the acquisition
of fertilizer which has not yet arrived. Now, if the necessary fertilizer fails
to arrive by the second half of February of this year, that agricultural enter-
prise runs the risk of losing the corn crop.

The Angonia complex needs an approximate volume of 280 tons of 26 percent CAN
fertilizer to save the corn which is losing its quality and growing power.

Fertilizer in Beira

According to the provincial director of agriculture in Tete, Paulino Dambuleni,
there are 2,500 tons of 26 percent CAN fertilizer in Beira, bound for CAIA.
These quantities cannot be removed from Beira to the agrarian complex in the
district of Angonia because of the lack of transportation. Three trucks with
a capacity for carrying 25 tons were made available to the agricultural enter-
prise. This fleet is insignificant. Also those vehicles have been damaged,
and their maintenance is difficult.

The provincial government of Tete is expending efforts to find alternatives for
delivering the necessary fertilizer to CAIA within the necessary time period.

53



JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

BETTER SECURITY IMPROVES BUZI CASHEW NUT MARKETING CAMPAIGN
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 30 Jan 85 pp 8-9

{Text] The recovery of cashew nut plantations located in areas affected by
the criminal actions of the armed bandits, thanks to the FAM/FPLM military
victories, the introduction of new methods of exchange and the improvement in
weather conditions are the essential factors contributing to the fact that

the district of Buzi marketed nearly 250 tons of cashew nuts, as compared with
the 60 tons called for in the plan.

During the previous campaign (1982-83) only about 40 tons of this product were
purchased, because the conditions were bad.

To date, over 100 tons of nuts have been taken to the city of Beira for indus-
trial processing, and the structural entities associated with the industry
are expending efforts that are still under way in Buzi. ©

It should be noted that in the locality of Bandua alone (an area potentially
rich in the production of cashew nuts), the plan was fulfilled nearly 130
percent.

The district agent for AGRICOM [Agricultural Products Marketing Company] in
Buzi, Domingos Menete Canda, in an interview granted to a team of reporters

who worked on the group's transportation in that region of Sofala, justified
the goal of. only 60 tors, claiming;

“Owing to the drought that has had a considerable effect in recent years, the
conditions for the blooming of the cashewswere poor and hence they did not
warrant expectations of a good campaign."

Added to the aforementioned fact, mention should also be made of the enemy
action in the region, as a result of which some cashew plantations were aban-
doned. ;

The 1983-84 campaign

After the difficulties experienced during the previous campaign, the situation

began to change for the better, which made the success accrued this year
possible.

- 62


Marracuene Youth Mobilized in Security Effort
(Jose Manuel; DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 9 Feb 85)...eeeceeeees

Buzi District Administrator Delineates Region's Priorities
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 14 Feb 85)..eeseee

Commander of Buzi People's Militia Discusses Training
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 9 Feb 85).cececececcccccececesscees

Minister Discusses Chinese, Korean Economic Cooperation
(Ezequiel Ambrosio; DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 6 Feb 85).......

Nampula Has New District Capital
(NOTICIAS, 19 Feb 85).ccecccccescccccccecceces

Strategic Importance of Chinde Port’ Explained
(Isaac Alfandega; DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 8 Feb 85)....ceese

Foreign Workers Evacuated to Cities
(O DIA, 28 Feb 85).cccccccccccccccecsccnccccccssccssscses

Liberated Families Resettle in Manheche
(Manuel Cumbe; DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 6 Feb 85)...seccceees

Production Diversified at Zimpeto Crop, Livestock Complex
(Augusto Casimiro; TEMPO, No 748, 10 Feb 85)..secsscnsoeee

Education Cooperation With Italy Reinforced
(NOTICIAS, 7 Feb 85)..

UEM Hopes To Train Additional Forestry Engineers
(NOTICIAS, 16 Feb 85).ceccccccccccccccsceccccccccscscecers

Umbeluzi Center Trains Agricultural Assistants
(NOTICIAS, 20 Feb 85).cecccescccccccccccsnscccsssccesecens

OTM Proficiency Course for Department Heads
(NOTICIAS, 7 Feb 85)..

Italian Scholarships for Science Instructors
(NOTICIAS, 16 Feb 85).cecccccccccccccccccccccccececesseees

Study of Forestry Engineering To Be Lengthened -
(NOTICIAS, 19 Feb 85).scccccccccccccccccccccccccccsccsvces

Sofala Governor Urges Greater Austerity in Air Transport Use
(NOTICIAS, 8 Feb 85).ccccccccccccsccccccccccccccsssesceces

Drainage Works in Nhartanda Valley Completed
(NOTICIAS, 9 Feb 85).cccccccccccccccccsecccccccceccecveces

=b-

17

19

21

25

28

30

32

37

39

41

43

44

45

47

48



Thonela Faduco declared: "You will not refuse to learn something from your
colleagues who remained at the work sites. During your absence, they too
learned something that might prove useful to you. Therefore, it is necessary
to pool the knowledge acquired here with that of your colleagues."

2909
CsO: 3442/193

42


According to the same source, forestry engineering affords a study of the inter-
action, of how man uses the forest for his own benefit, which makes it possible,
simultaneously, to protect nature itself.

The first forestry engineers trained by Eduardo Mondlane University are current-
ly associated with the productive sector in the provinces of Cabo Delgado, Mani-
ca and Nampula, and the city of Maputo.

Mention should be made of the fact that, of the 11 specialists now trained,
four are women. :

2909
CSO: 3442/193

40


According to AGRICOM's director-provincial agent in Sofala, Alberto Msopea,
who recently worked in the district of Buzi to monitor the! nut marketing
process, the solution to this problem is due soon, with plans for sending
a tractor. .

Money Also Intervened as a Trading Commodity

AGRICOM's district agency in Buzi introduced a new method of bartering for
nuts with the producers available for the marketing campaign.

Money was also included as a medium in the Process, so the producer could
purchase the wanted goods by paying part of ‘the respective price in nuts
and another part in money.

For this purpose, percentages were set, based on the cost of the
goods,

In this way, money started having greater circulation, putting an end to the
barter system that is absolutely direct; something which had to some extent
given money a secondary role.

The benefits are accrued both by the state and the producer himself. On the
one hand, that measure minimizes the shortage of items for barter, and
enables individuals to purchase certain goods without having to turn over

everything in nuts; which is impossible in instances wherein those products
are high-priced.

And since the rural population has a large amount of money held at home, for
lack of products on the market, this measure will prevent the equipment from
running risks of being destroyed or remaining "at a standstill," when it is
necessary for various’ undertakings.

The population's receptiveness to the aforementioned system has been positive,
as we learned on a visit to certain trading posts where we conversed with
some individuals.

2909
CSO: 3442/192

65



Addressing those being reeducated themselves, he stated: "It is necessary to
find the best way for making you acquire a liking for work; to find the best
way for preventing you from believing in erroneous ideas. You must become
aware of the fact that you have acted as bad citizens."

However, he described the purpose of contact with the inmates as being "that
of hearing from you what Mozambicans should really do to become reeducated
after having committed crimes; to hear whether or not you feel like free
citizens; to hear whether you feel more criminal and more alienated, or
better; because this work must be carried out by all of Mezambican society."

2909
CSO: 3442/192

10


The resellers on the markets or sales locations have their share of the profits,
but they are subject to the haggling of retail customers, and they have to
engage in the work of splitting the wood and piling it up for sale.

The resellers’ profits do not amount to a tenth of what the truck driver-sellers
earn, although they have no reason to complain of their living, or about
providing for their general necessities, a way of life not to be disdained.

Finally, we have the main victim: the consumer, who has to pay high prices
by half a dozen logs, and also juggle savings at home so as to make the
wood meet all the requirements.

Accounts

"I pay the driver 12 contos a month, and the mechanic, 10," we were told by
the owner of a wood carrying truck, "and I don’t spend as much as 500 meticals
a day on fuel."

He complains: "The greatest problem is the price of parts.. My truck is very
old and there are no longer any parts for it here in our country. I have to

order them from abroad, through friends, and I pay 100 times more dearly, in

meticals."

He explains to us that the ostensibly large profits are diverted for the
purchase of parts and replacements. He also complains of the fines due to
the defects in the car and the excess load; he complains of the high-test
fuel that he buys on the black market, the damage that stops the vehicle
from operating, sometimes for a long period, etc.

It is an endless lament of difficulties which, however, are far removed from

the truth, and have no connection with the domestic concerns of the ‘residents
who don't have many alternatives for household fuel at present.

2909
cso: 3442/190

52


Furthermore, it is expected that, in Gaza Province, the essential conditions will
be created over the short and medium term to have the electric power from Cahora
Bassa produce the direct impact desired by the population for its use on small
and large development projects.

Col Aurelio Manave remarked: “When motor pumps are replaced by electric pumps,
the power from Cahora Bassa will represent a reduction in the expenses for fuel
and oil, and a decrease in the damage and resultant need for technical assis-
tance for the equipment."

Chilembene: the Fertility of the Soil

The region of Bolsa de Chilembene is typified by the fertility of its soil and
its good weather conditions, which afford excellent agricultural production.
During the heavy rains of 1977, the population took shelter in the higher-lying
areas, organizing remote communal villages which did not allow for the continu-
ation of production in the area.

Seven years later, the population wants to occupy and produce in Bolsa de
Chilembene; an occupation for which, in view of the demographic movement and
the area's limitations, the following measures have been considered: an area
for every family, a housing area and a lot, an area for forage and reserves
and areas for future demographic growth. © :

2909
CSO: 3442/187

58


JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

MAPUTO POLITICAL-MILITARY SEMINAR ON SECURITY, DISCIPLINE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 11 Feb 85 p 2

(Text] The political commissioners of the Maputo Province
Military Command demonstrated their readiness to broaden mili-
tary action to insure the eradication of the armed bandits,
particularly in Maputo Province. The decision came during the
closing session of the First Seminar of the Political Com-
missariat of the Maputo Province Military Command, which took
place Thursday afternoon in Boane.

The participants in the seminar studied forms of military organization in the
various military units in this province, focusing on the strategy and tactics
for steengthening the combat morale of the FPLM [Armed Forces of Mozambique].

The proceedings were led by Maj Gen Atanasio Salvador Mutumuke, military comman-
der of Maputo Province and commander of the First Motorized Infantry Brigade,
and the participants were the political commissioners of the Provincial Military
Command.

The closing ceremony was preceded by the reading of a message from the partici-
pants, hailing the seminar and the decisions that came out of it.

"We are going to face problems in carrying out the decisions of the seminar,
but we guarantee that we will make every effort to achieve positive results
within our units," the message reads.

Addressing the closing session, Salvador Mutumuke said that the decisions of
the seminar provided the stimulus and he expected that everyone would be motivated
to achieve the desired goals in the defense of the country.

At another point, Mutumuke referred to the problems of discipline that are
affecting our army and the steps which had been taken to eliminate them. Among
other examples, he c*ted immorality, liberalism and corruption.

General Mutumuke offered some guidelines for the commissioners, to enable them
to work effectively in their units in Maputo Province.

At the end of the proceedings, the participants made a donation of 3,000 meti-
cals, to be used to strengthen our defense capability.

6362
CSO: 3442/194

12


JPRS-SSA- 85-029

11 April 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CoNTENTS

GUINEA-BISSAU

Soviet Tourists Traveling in Bissau
(NO PINTCHA, 16 Feb 85).cesecccccccccnccccccvscccecsccces

French Navy Donates Medicines to FARP
(NO PINTCHA, 16 Feb 85).scccccccccceccccccccccccvcccscsers

Briefs
Netherlands Donation
French Warship Visit
Discussions on Border Differences

MOZAMBIQUE

Unauthorized Pressure Concerning Military Service Denounced
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 5 Feb 85)..csceseecececcccecececeee

Sofala Governor Visits Nhamatanda, Defines Priorities
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 4 Feb 85). .ccececceteccccccccnceces

Iran Embassy Celebrates Sixth Anniversary of Revolution
(NOTICIAS, 14 Feb 85)..cccccccccccccccecccccceccccccsceces

Maputo Political-Military Seminar on Security, Discipline
(NOTICIAS, 11 Feb 85)..ceccecsceccccccvcccccccccceceseeces

Quelimane Commander Describes Militias’ Security Role
(NOTICIAS, 14 Feb 85)....

CFM's First People's Militia Battalion Becomes Official
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 4 Feb 85).cecccccccccccccvesecceces

W WW

ll

12

13

16



that very soon it was almost what itis today. "We lack neither the know-
ledge nor the cadres for agriculture," Jose Chicoe said. "What is lacking is
the proper application of the traditional knowledge we had and the proper
organizational support. All of us know that we are facing many difficulties
in the country. But it is also true that the limited resources we have are
badly distributed."

And what he says is not untrue. As an example, he mentioned an application
made on 2 December 1981 in an explanation sent to the then-minister of ports
and surface transportation, seeking authorization for the purchase of a cart.
This was for the transportation needs of the complex. The letter was dated
in at the ministry on 6 November 1981 and assigned the number 833. The
People's Development Bank prepared to make a loan of 1,000 contos in this
connection. The ministry gave its approval, but the Provincial Agriculture
Office said nothing.

And the situation, from that time to the present, has been deteriorating. A
complex like this one, located several kilometers from the center of the
city, needs communications with the various services located there. The trip
costs an individual 100 MT and the return costs the same. The cost of rent-
ing a cart to transport products to the market is nothing less than 3,000 MT.
And the goods to be transported also include the limited rations supplied and
other things the complex needs. Jose Chicoe said that the cart was not
needed for pleasure but for work.

Bureaucratic Offices

He stated categorically that “our offices are full of bureaucrats ‘who do not
even bother to visit the existing facilities. They stay in their offices,
serving the needs of their friends and their own personal interests as well."
And he repeated what he had said a short time earlier: "The limited re-
sources we have are not used as they should be." He went on to explain

this. “Recently I went in search of infrastructure facilities, like the many
to be found more or less everywhere which are not being suitably used, and I
found some excellent ones, which obviously would need only a little good will
to complete them. They were facilities for the raising of rabbits which had
been entirely abandoned."

He said that he finally found out who owned them, but he did not dare to
requisition them, because this person would immediately have appeared to say
that they belonged to him. And so they continue to go unutilized, because
they belong to an individual. The facilities in question are no small mat-
ter, and as they thus remain unused, the slogan "Combatting Hunger" is in no
way being implemented. "There are many examples throughout the Infulene
Valley, where there are 'bosses'’ who do not use their premises," he said.

It is his desire that "we all advance with determination in this struggle
agaist the poverty which afflicts us." It is not a question of any private
individual. We had the opportunity to walk about for a while to see some of
what goes on daily. We walked several kilometers and we saw what life is
like there. Expanding on his statement about the determined battle against

33



to emigration (Senegal is one of the rare African countries which sends
volunteers and emigrant workers to other African countries: Gabon, Chad,
Ivory Coast, Comones, Algeria...while French technical assistance is still
maintained.) .

However, it is now obvious that the more consciousness is raised, the more it
becomes challenging and demanding, its critical amd subversive capacity is
increased tenfold because it is aware and informed. Hence the difficulties of
our political and trade union life, the confrontations, the crises, the
splits, and the resignations.

9772

CSO: = 3419/305

75



JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

COMMANDER OF BUZI PEOPLE'S MILITIA DISCUSSES TRAINING
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 9 Feb 85 p 4

[Report on interview with Antonio Chicote, district commander of the People's
Militia in Buzi, by Manuel Cumbe, in Buzi District, date not supplied]

(Text] Residents of Buzi who have already received political-military train-
ing have participated in combat against the armed bandits, our newspaper learned
from Antonio Chicote, district commander of the people's militias.

In addition to direct engagement with the enemy, the trained militia are trans-
porting war materiel and food for the troops and are patrolling the villages
to prevent any infiltration of the armed bands.

“Last year the local militia drove back the enemy when it attempted to attack
this area," Commander Chicote told us, referring to the specific actions
of the paramilitary force under his direction in that district.

According to our source, priority has been given to the political-military
training of the peasants in areas recently recaptured from the enemy, because,
as the officer stressed, "any enemy action must be met with an immediate response;
it cannot wait for the troops."

Thus, self-defense courses have already been offered in several villages and
their residents have received some instruction in battle tactics and on political
issues. :

The training of militiamen in the villages began in 1983 and the results achieved
to date are considered encouraging.

In the case of the recently recovered zones, the instructara are sent out by
the district seat, our informant told us.

To date, 34 militia training courses have ieen offered in Buzi District. The
participants have included peasants and other workers, as well as students.

6362
CSO: 3442/189

21



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of
U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.


JPRS-SSA-85-029
1l April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

STUDY OF FORESTRY ENGINEERING TO BE LENGTHENED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese -19 Feb 85 p 2

[Text] The School of Agronomy and Silviculture of Eduardo Mondlane University
plans this year to extend the length of time taken for the courses to train
forestry engineers from 4 to 5 years. In view of the complexity of various
features associated with this sector, the first 2 years will be devoted to
the agronomy course, while the remaining years will be spent on acquiring
professionalism.

Information procured from the Forestry Engineering Department of the School of
Agronomy and Silviculture indicates that the extension of the time for training
these future specialists is aimed at providing them with substantive knowledge
that will enable them to perform their work with competence and efficiency.

As we learned from that school, the extension of the university curriculum is
also planned for the other schools, with a view toward affording greater
efficiency in the teaching and learning process, while at the same time enabling
the students, through practical activities to be carried out in the productive
sectors, to start making contacts with and experiencing the daily activity in
each sector.

Our source told us that among the various skills that the: graduate must have

for the complete exercise of his profession, there is a need for the forestry
engineer to know how to diagnose and solve problems and to organize the material
and human resources with which he will have to assume the technical work.

Moreover, the forestry engineer must know how to plan and operate on different
levels, becoming involved in the existing planning systems and translating
the policies of the forestry sector into concrete activities.

Another feature to be gained from the extension of the time that the forestry
engineering courses last is associated with the need for training the future
specialist so that he may be able to cope with the problems of production from
their technical, political and social standpoints.

Another major factor in the practice of the profession relates to the need for
the forestry engineer to have general knowledge of agriculture as well.

45



adding that, while the Portuguese workers travel to their work sites along
the roads, the French authorities have demanded that their cooperants be
transported by plane, covering nearly 100 kilometers.

Most of the countries have started transferring their cooperants to the cities,
later taking them to Maputo where, when their contracts are terminated, they
depart for the country of origin, according to the same source, who ‘requested
not to be identified. .

Some months ago, the Mozambican authorities informed the embassies that they
would no longer guarantee the security of foreign citizens.

2909
CSO: 3442/199

29 -


despite the difficulties confronting it, helped to create a connection by radio
between the provinces of Maputo and Lichinga.

That Italian official remarked: "We want this project to be a model of coopera-
tion between the People's Republic of Mozambique and Italy."

The vice minister of education, Carlos Beirao, in turn, thanked the Italian
teachers who, despite the immense difficulties facing them in our country's
provinces, are continuing to work effectively.

Vice Minister Carlos Beirao said: "We would not like to see these laboratories
turned into museums after awhile, without having been used to train the cadres
in our school. Many thanks to the Italian teachers for your dedication."

Meanwhile, yesterday, the participants were divided into study groups to
analyze the level of fulfillment in the program for last year, as a whole,
as well as to study the manner of training some educational workers to serve
as laboratory aides in the country's secondary schools this year.

The seminar is due to end tomorrow.

2909
CSO: 3442/193

38


JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

NAMPULA HAS NEW DISTRICT CAPITAL
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 Feb 85 p 8

[Text] Feliciano Gundana, first secretary of the Party Provincial Committee and
governor of Nampula Province, recently inaugurated the new seat of Nampula
District, situated in the area of Nova Chaves, 20 kilometers from the province
capital. In a public meeting, the governor announced the transfer of the
-district seat, which is now called Rapele. .

Accompanied by the deputies of the Provincial Assembly, Feliciano Gundana spent
about 4 hours touring the area where the district seat is to be located. First
he inspected the building which is temporarily housing the headquarters of

the District Committee and the Office of Administrator. Next, he visited the
houses under construction, some of stud and mud and others of brick, where

the cadres assigned to the district capital will live.

While the governor was touring the infrastructures, he made observations on
improvements to be made in the future town and to guarantee better distribution
of cadres in the various sectors of activity. He also pointed out the site
on which the Office of Administrator and his residence will be constructed;
another site which had been chosen earlier was rejected.

Later, Feliciano Gundana visited the facilities of the secondary school, which
will begin to function this year, with 200 students. He was welcomed by
Francisco Nipatiua,the school's director, fe also went to the building which
has been designated for use as a hospital and maternity center. The Veterans’
Center, the primary school, the brick manufacturing cooperative and the Special
Party School were also included on his tour.

One of the issues which Gundana emphasized was that the assigned cadres should
be there now to supervise construction and to see to the efficient execution
of other directives.

The governor had a brief meeting with about 300 people, in which he introduced
the officials who had accompanied him, as well as Narcisso Joao Ioniela, Nampula
District administrator, who will be living in this area from now on.

Regarding the armed bandits who are carrying out destabilizing actions in regions
close to the future town, the provincial first secretary advised the people
to combat them as energetically as possible, to insure peace and tranquility,

6362
CSO: 3442/194

24


plan must ensure victory over the armed bandits. It must be the backbone.
This is why the plan is not yet ready. Work ‘must be done to have a war plan:
produce food for the soldiers, produce clothing for the soldiers, and produce
shoes for the soldiers."

According to that official, the Nhamatanda leadership must strive to make all
the enterprises existing there exist and operate with a profit. They must
make certain that the railroad line is not brought to a standstill; and they
must not allow the high voltage power transport line posts to be destroyed.

He explained: "A war plan means that the little food that there is must go to
those who are on the front line. If there is a little clothing, it will go
to those on the front line. If we have a nurse, he must be sent to the
combat area. It is necessary to find out what we want and implement it
immediately, because 1985 is the year for clearing out the armed bandits."

Hungry Soldier?

Another point made by Maj Gen Marcelino dos Santos during his stay in Nhamatanda
was that, "We can no longer allow soliders in this province to be hungry, with-
out clothing and without shoes. Anyone who wants to eat will go to the front
line."

He added: "We cannot do everything at the same time; there is no hurry. We
must define the priorities, believe in them and have convictions. War must
be waged against the armed bandits. This means organizing and mobilizing
everyone for. training and producing for the troops. As a result of this
work, we shall later have a maternity establishment, a school, etc."

Then he stressed: "There can be no illusions, no idealism. Clarity is required.
We must consider the problems like people; there must never be anyone expressing
regret or complaining. First, we shall undertake the war,. because we are
struggling. We have to break up the armed bandits and prevent them from
sabotaging the railroad line, as well as the electric power supply. There is
not even time for crying." .

The reader may not completely understand why Maj Gen Marcelino dos Santos
insisted on stating that the population of that district must be organized

and mobilized to produce food for the troops of the Armed Forces of Mozambique.
But this concern is quite easy to understand, if we note:

Nhamatanda, located approximately 90 kilometers from the city of Beira, is
currently considered the granary of Sofala Province (if we take into account
the fact that Gorongosa is relatively more stricken by the bandits' action),
in view of the fertility of its soil, which fosters farm product‘on, parti-
cularly that of corn, rice, sorghum, sunflowers and vegetables. It also has
a potential allowing for the raising of cattle, hogs, goats and poultry.

It covers an area of 40,094 square kilometers; with a total of 79,159 inhabitants
according to data obtained from the latest population census. Established there


The results of that experiment, according to engineer Abdala Mussa, carried
out in 1972 and 1973, were published in JORNADAS ACUCAREIRAS, and "beginning
in 1984, with the departure of the foreign technicians, the rate of activity
suffered a slump."

"In 1978," he went on, “the National Sugar Institute (INA) established a
program for the study of sugar cane varieties, working with the Agronomical
Research Institute (INIA). This gave rise to the idea of importing varieties
from Cuba and Tanzania, which to date have still not yielded positive and
reliable results, either due to the lack of a staff of technicians and work-
ing equipment such as to make this study viable, or because no serious policy
was defined.

"Up to the present, the policy for importing varieties has been oriented more

+ toward India and Cuba, while on the other hand, regional studies are not
being taken into account, because the ecological conditions are similar and
the fungal problems are the same, and the level of infestation is also
similar."

Testing Techniques -

To ensure sequential and more reliable work in terms of technical-scientific
data, the Marromeu sugar mill adopted a logical strategy which involved first
of all the reestablishment of the entire system set up by the British Admin-
istration (which was quite advanced in the realm of research and experimen-
tation).

As a result, experiments made using small plots in the commercial sector have
justified the conclusion that the varieties most resistant to fungus are
those with large leaves and, according to the enterprise system of cultiva-
tion on dry land, they only provide a good yield on the first cutting.

As to plant diseases, the tests under way indicate that the number one Cuban
variety--JA-60/5--is susceptible to fungus, and that the South African NA-52-
219 requires an excessive amount of water, and breaks up: easily when it comes
to loading, which makes transportation difficult.

None of the results pertaining to the varieties from Tanzania have been
checked, It is only known that the NCO-376 variety, regarded as ordinary, is
the only one to date which has ensured stable results, although it is suscep-
tible to fungus.

Rotation With Other Food Crops

Within the program for studying the varieties, a study involving the rotation
of sugar cane with other food crops, such as beans, is being pursued on a
parallel basis in the specific case of Marromeu. It is hoped to find the
best way of eliminating the shortage of products of first necessity, while at
the same time promoting the rational use of sugar cane production areas.

Engineer Abdala Mussa told us the following on this subject.


JPRS-SSA~85-029
11 April 1985.

~ SOUTH AFRICA

VOLKSWAG AIMS DESCRIBED IN NEWSLETTER
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 13 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] The Afrikaner Volkswag [People's Watchguard] must be made a popular
movement that can take part in the creation of a future for the Afrikaner, in
the survival of the Whites in Africa and in peace between the peoples of the
subcontinent, says the organization in its latest newsletter.

The Afrikaners' struggle for survival will only increase in 1985, explains the
Volkswag. "In an intertwined society in which they are a minority, the demands
for concessions and for acceptance of their minority position will be even

greater in an open society with universal citizenship for all in South Africa.

"A society that lives integrated," says the Volkswag, "will force integration
into more and more areas of its life, and the power of a given group to mani-
fest its opposition will grow weaker and weaker. Any differentiation between
social groups will be considered discrimination, and the struggle against it
will become more and more violent. From their own generation leaders will
rise up and join forces with the propaganda generated both within and outside
of South Africa, and it will be held up as meritorious to renounce any claims
to distinctiveness and self-determination.

"The media will conspire to hold up the ideal of a country, a nation, a loyal-
ty and a government for all in South Africa as the highest good for us."

The Volkswag says that these complications make the impact on the Afrikaner
not only a struggle over subordinate components of the culture, but also a
general cultural impact.

Goal

"These things are said to you, not to make you discouraged nor to reinforce
the current notion that we cannot do otherwise. They are said in order to
point out why the Afrikaner Volkswag sees its goal in the amalgamation of Af-
vikaner strength in all those areas, to set up a total cultural front there
that stands guard over each area."

According to the newsletter, the Afrikaner must know the problems that threaten
him and not underestimate the dangers. He must not live as if it is still 30
or 40 years ago and lay plans and make proposals that may result in radical

a

76


According to.the Engineering Department, during. the practice of his profession,
the specialist in the field must also become involved in the social, economic
and ecological aspects stemming from the process of the country's development,
aiding and participating in the engagement of the rural population involved in
his activities.

According to reports obtained from that school, the forestry engineer must
have other knowledge in the area of silviculture, such as:

The ecology of the national and regional tropical biomasses which have forest
components ;

The function of the. water resources and the hydrological cycle in the context of
the country's specific situation; .

Principles and methods of genetical improvement of trees;

The most important features of the forest soils and their dynamic relations
with the plant cover and other factors of the environment ; -

The elements for identifying on the spot symptoms and agents of the main

diseases and pests of concern to forestry, as well as the most simple laboratory
techniques.

2909
CSO: 3443/187

46


JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

DRAINAGE WORKS IN NHARTANDA VALLEY COMPLETED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 9 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] As we reported at the time, on 15 January the Tete Integral Construction
Enterprise considered the drainage works in Nhartanda Valley, located on the
outskirts of the town of the same name, a site on which an agricultural project
whereby the town intends to overcome famine is under way, to be completed.

The finishing of the drainage represents an impetus for local agricultural
activity, as the peasants have asserted.

The completion of the Nhartanda Valley drainage works took place 2 weeks before
the deadline, something which may not have been unrelated to the involvement

of scores of volunteers who joined in the excavations and other work, with
teams of workers from Integral Construction. The general manager of the works
expressed his gratification at the over-fulfillment of the goal, expressing

the hope that the enterprise would execute to completion the mission for which
it was installed.

The valley is linked to the great Zambeze, and begins on the land of the "We
Shall Conquer Famine" cooperative, one of the four cooperatives in the valley.
It should be recalled that the land in Nhartanda has been distributed among
family, cooperative and private producers. Certain opinions concerning the
routing of the drainage ditch consider that it should have been devised so as
to cross the land through the middle and not on the side; but this is not a
major concern, inasmuch as experience will dictate the corrective measures
that need to be adopted.

Cooperatives

The completion of the Nhartanda drainage works has occurred at a time when the
cooperative peasants on the "We Shall Conquer Famine," "Marlen N'Gouab,"
"Mueda Massacre" and "Robert Mugabe" farms are involved in work on the weeding
and planting of corn and dwarf sorghum, in addition to working on other crops,
such as okra and otner vegetables.

As. for the aforementioned crops, the okra and vegetables: have already started
to be supplied to the town's markets. On other occasions, the cooperatives

48


JPRS-SSA-85-029
11 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

IRAN EMBASSY CELEBRATES SIXTH ANNIVERSARY OF REVOLUTION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 14 Feb 85 p 2

(Text] Last Sunday, Ahmad Naghmeh, charge d'affaires of the Embassy
of the Islamic Republic of Iran, gave a reception in celebra-

tion of the sixth anniversary of the triumph of the Islamic
revolution. The Mozambican Government was represented by Carlos
Beirao, vice minister of education. Among the other guests

were some diplomats accredited in our country. The National

Day of Iran is celebrated each year on 10 February and this

year marked the first celebration of it in Mozambique.

The National Day of Iran was celebrated by the Iranian Embassy in Maputo last
Sunday, 10 February. The date, which marks the sixth anniversary of the over-
throw of the dictatorship of Shah Reza Palhevi by the Iranian people and their
Islamic protectors, was celebrated in Mozambique for the first time since the
two countries established diplomatic relations a little over 2 years ago.

Addressing the guests at the reception, the Iranian charge d'affaires said

he was pleased to be celebrating the sixth anniversary of the Islamic revolu-
tion for the first time in Mozambique: "It has been 6 years since the overthrow
of the monarchy which oppressed the Iranian people for 2,500 years. The revolu-
tion was won at the cost of countless sacrifices and we will consent to even
. more sacrifices to maintain it." Later, he added: "We pray to God to help

all oppressed nations to conduct a revolution.” In conclusion, he said he

was pleased to be celebrating this anniversary in Mozambique, a country which
had overcome colonialism.

In turn, Carlos Beirao, vice minister of education, offered a brief speech in
behalf of the Government of Mozambique, in which he said: "The first celebration,
here in Mozambique, of the Islamic revolution in Iran is a historic event."

He noted that “relations between our two peoples date back for centuries,
although the relationship was interrupted with the advent of colonialism.

Today, after the overthrow of the Shah Reza Palhevi and of colonialism, that
relationship has been resumed."

In conclusion, Beirao noted that the two people were eager to strengthen this
relationship which has been reborn and that Iran's National Day was being cele-
brated as if it were our own.

6362
CSO: 3442/194

11