NIGERIA

NEW NIGERIAN, DAILY TIMES GET NEW EDITORS

Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 10 Jun 84 p 1

[Text] THE Federal Military Government last Thursday night announced a reor-
ganisation of its four media organisations in which it appointed new editors
for the New Nigerian and Daily Times.

The two other media organisations are Nigeria Television Authority (N.T.A.),
which has nine new directors and Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN) ©
with seven new governing board members.

The New Nigerian Newspapers Limited (NNN) has six new directors and Daily
Times of Nigeria Limited also with six new members of its governing board.

NTA: Alhaji Babatunde José ig the chairman of the NTA for the second time.
He had served in the same capacity at the NTA some years ago. .

He was formerly chatrman and managing director of the Daily Times Nigeria
Limited.

Other members of the Board of the NTA are:

Mrs. Ifeyinwa Nzeakor, representing women organisations,.
Professor Justin Iseayo,

Dr. M. K. Galadanci,

Mr. Martin Oworen,

Engineer 0. Oyeleye,

Professor E. J. Allagoa,

Dr. Rufai Sule and

Mrs. F. Y. Emmanuel, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Information, Youth, Social
Development and Culture.

Mr. Vincent Maduka remains as Director General of the organisation.

56



few months later he lay dead in a pool of
blood amid fragments of broken glass one
verdict and one verdict alone ran rampant
among the occult and their enthusiasts:
Ndumba had fulfilled his mission.
Government pleas for reason and logic
went in vain. .

It is not the first time Ndumba or Ndonga
— the two are synonymous — has gone
loose in public life. When Kwege Muntali
and Ali Said Saleh, two promising radio
men ‘of the Tanganyika Broadcasting
Corporation, died in a road accident in the
Prime of youth in 1964, and Titus Mbatu,
another versatile prodigy, fatally crashed
his car into a mango tree just outside TBC in
1965, Ndumba was called in for blame but
then went away scotfree to wreak evil
elsewhere. He does not care very much
about diplomatic immunity either, as Obed
Mbogo Katikaza knows only too well.

Katikaza, a brilliant student at Makerere,
came down with a good honours degree,
joined the Civil Service on the morrow of
independence and rushed through the ranks

to become Chief of Protocol in 1965 and
Ambassador Extraordinary and
Plenipotentiary to France in 1966, one of
the very few Tanzanian diplomats to hold
such a post.

As Principal Secretary he trod none too
ently on someone believed to be on
irst-name terms with Ndumba. Lucky for

him, he had a narrow escape but he is today
chair-ridden.

Not only can Ndumba dispense with
formal regulations and enter the university
without entry requirements, some
luminaries are known to have bolted from
the ivory tower at the Hill to cultivate his
society in pursuit of fame and fortune.

There is, for example, the famous case of
a literary laureate at the university who,
having been attacked by a rival through
occult powers, recovered and fired back.
The rival backed down with a kindly
warning not to try again. He did ‘not.

‘Ndumba rigs the football field as well.
Instances are legion of impenetrable
defenders failing to perform, of deft
forwards shooting wide or “shootin

coconut palms” within less than 50 yards o
the goal —° all for quite inexplicable
Teasons.

Insiders of Tanzania's two successful
teams, Simba and Yanga. have told Africa
Now that Ndumba is present in football
contests and it is common to impregnate
individual players because their
counterparts ‘‘are’ loaded” as the saying
goes.

Sometimes impregnation, or kago in the
local lingo, fails. That was probably so in
the case of Hussein Tindwa, Simba's
devastating centre-half. He fell down and
died in a decisive match amid charges of
Ndumba, Like the government in Sokoine’s
case, the local preacher laid his prestige on
the line, gave the hard facts about Tindwa’s

120

history of heart trouble and the inevitability
of death and showed Ndumba the door.
Enthusiasts quoted back the Moses/
Pharaoh encounter when snakes gobbled
up snakes and Ndumba escaped again, with
reputation intact and brestige high, toset up
shop where conflict and ambition thrive and
fears proliferate.

His clients vary. They include broken
hearts for whom romance has gone out of
life; business rivals lusting for monopoly; an
accused person. raring for an acquittal;
torturers living in the shadow of their
former victims and politicians who, having
clawed their way up, now find they must put
the moment of reckoning at bay at all costs.

In fact, Ndumba is so well established
that talisman-wearing senior party men are
not in the least embarrassed when their
amulets slip off their body politic.
Whenever that has happened, as for
instance, when they go for a medical
check-up, they magisterially pick up their
wares with a ringing declaration: “They will
know when they come that I am properly
clad and not just sitting there.” A
declaration like that is meant to travel far
and often does.

Ndumba is a collective noun taking on
board the whole gamut of occultism.
excorcism, numerology, through prayer
power, necromancy, to herbal medicine
and second sight. The word applies to
practitioners of these crafts but does not
distinguish the good from the evil ones; nor
does it apply to victims.

Tanzania, especially the’ islands of
Zanzibar and Pemba, has produced adepts
at one of these sciences or in all of them at
different times. In the 40s, it was Bi
Kirembwe, the Queen of Giningi, the seat
of necromancers, who was much sought
after. There are those who saw her cut an
awesomely regal figure with her dropping
earlobes at the more prestigious football
matches.

The 50s saw a discreet recognition
accorded to a poetess — an extremely
discreet lady herself. Divination was not a
headache to her. It is said she foretold the
advent of the revolution five years ahead by
just playing around with coffee beans.
‘There have been men too. Fresh in the mind
is the landowner who used to capture
marauding leopards by wielding magic
squares at them. Indeed to date, one of
Zanzibar's less talked about invisible
exports to the Gulf and Central Africa is the
occult adept.

In Swahili fiction, the Ndumba craftsman
emerges true to type ‘so withered and so
wild in attire.” Such is the case with Fundi
Mangungu in Mohamed Said Abdalla’s
celebrated novel, Kisima cha Giningi.
Mangungu lived a bedraggled life in a
ramshackle hut stooping on pounding
sticks.

His’ modern counterparts are worlds
away. Most of them are well heeled. Some



cso:

3400/2006

walk across each other’s borders
without let. In fact, the nature of the
relationship has no rival on the conti-
nent. The presence of the Voltaic dele-
tion during these celebrations is a
irther manifestation of the deepening
.of that relationship. .

The famous revolutionary fighter and
theorist, Ernesto Che Guevara noted
that “political frontiers never succeed
in dividing human masses faced with
the same problem.” This is as things
stand for Ghana and Upper Volta, for,
although colonialism drove a border
between our peoples, because of our
common heritage, common problems,

- and we hope common solutions, we
have no alternative to excellent rela-
tions.

The African continent Is seething with
terrible suffering. Much of this suffer-
ing is the result of colonial and neo-
colonial conditions imposed on the
peoples. The only way to bring freedom
and prosperity to the continént and its
people is to rouse the teeming millions
so that together they can fight for what
they do not possess at the moment.

If this Is to be done then unity and broad
co-operation among the peoples
should be seen as a pre-requisite.
Thus, the solidarity between Ghana
and Upper Volta should be strengthen-
ed to the point where even the blind
cannot help but see it. At that point, it
will become not only a symbol but the
reality of unity in action. .

Soon our Voltaic brothers and sisters will
celebrate their August 4. The
PEOPLE’S DAILY GRAPHIC hopes that
Ghanaians will find several ways within
which to express solidarity with them.

When our Voltaic friends leave us, as they
sadly must soon, they should know that
Ghanaians are grateful for their solida-
rity and they in turn can also count on

> Us.
Long live Ghana-Upper Volta friendship!

22



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Salim Salim

London AFRICA NOW in English Jun 84 pp 62-65

[Article by Gordian Agricola Kahatano]

[Text]

Salim Salim has already shown indications that he will follow in the
footsteps of his predecessor, the late Premier Sokoine, a ‘‘man of the
people.’’ But Salim’s Premiership promises to be an interesting one,

opines Gordian Agricola Kahatano

SS

When his presidential term expired in 1980,
the UN General Assembly rose up in an
unparalleled standing ovation in his
honour. A year later he brought excitement
to the race for the world body's top job
which he almost won. Salim Salim, until
recently his country’s Foreign Minister, has
been on the move again. He was appointed
Prime Minister in April.

There is a general expectation that under
his stewardship the post will now get more
than a facelift. For although all his
predecessors were all capable and
competent men, none combined his
impeccable credentials with varied skills or
his scholarship with a rare experience in
international diplomacy. Besides, he is
something of a polyglot. He speaks Swahili
and English fluently and his friends say that
he cannot be fooled in Arabic or Spanish,
having picked up the latter when he headed
the Zanzibar office in Havana in the early
60s.

A household name‘in many parts of the
world, Salim broke his diplomatic teeth 20
years ago when at the age of 22 he was
accredited an ambassador to Cairo, which,
alongside Accra and Belgrade, was perhaps
the most important posting in the non-
aligned world. The following decade and a
half took him to New Dehli where he served
for three years; and to Peking where he
whistle-stopped for a brief nine months.
The 1970s and 80s saw him peaking to
diplomatic superstardom and international
fame.

Those who discuss his achievements in
the various councils of the UN which he
either chaired or addressed ascribe his
success largely to his passionate advocacy of
all manner of Third World causes.

In fact, he still meets fans who quote back
to him the effervescent oratory of those
bygone days. The truth is that he has
another persona behind closed doors. Salim
can be such a formidable operator and an
unstoppable dissembler that a European
old hand once described him as a
“diplomat's diplomat.” Of him a senior
British diplomat also said: “He is the most
powerful African at the UN, equally capable
of carrying his allies along as winning the
confidence of his adversaries.”

Whether or not he can now successfully
deploy this vast experience on home ground
is too early to say. It is undeniable,
however, that he jis starting off with
considerable political names in his team.

Foremost is perhaps his Principal
Secretary, Pius Msekwa. Although a civil
servant, he commands enormous political
assets. Ever since he graduated from
Makerere in 1960, he has held several
important posts in various fields. He was
Clerk to the National Assembly from
1960-62; the ruling party's national
executive secretary in the momentous year
1967 and Dar es Salaam University’s Vice-
Chancellor after that. His work as chairman
of the Judicial Commission is highly spoken
of. He is very reticent about the ace he
holds: his intimate connections in high
places.

Another is Kingunge Ngombale Mwiru.
A leading luminary of the left, he is deemed
by some to be a power centre in his own
right. He will look after Regional
Administration, Local Government,
Housing and Co-operatives. Gertrude
Mongela who has shown evidence of drive
and initiative gets the demanding portfolio
of Community Development, Social
Welfare and Culture and Youth. However,
potentially the more sensitive charge goes
to Anna Makinda, an accountant who got
her lift-off after remarkable work in the
Public Accounts Committee. In addition to
dealing with emergencies like fuel and food
shortages, she will also be responsible for
the business of the National Assembly, for
party affairs, as well as the rather delicate
question of “Co-operation between the
government of the United Republic of

‘anzania and the Zanzibar Revolutionary
Government.” Salim, who once upon a
time edited a daily, has kept Information
and Broadcasting to himself. In a circular
announcing the portfolios, the Prime
Minister has made it clear his Ministers of
State are fully responsible for duties
assigned to them.

The way Salim has gone about
distributing the workload shows that he can
still play a shrewd hand for all the apparent
razzmatazz with which he embarked upon
his new office, Secondly. it reveals a

116


NIGERIA

BRIEFS

'CHOST' WORKERS IN ONDO--A TOTAL of 213 "ghost" workers were in five minis-
tries in Ondo State after a screening exercise conducted by the government,
the head of service, Mr. Joseph Abegunde, said in Akure recently. He told the
News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) that after the exercise, the government was able
to save 7,777 Naira from monthly salaries. He said that the Ministry of Works
and Transport had 108 of the "ghost" Workers: Agriculture and Rural Develop-
ment, 76: Lands and Housing, 18: Finance and Economic Planning, 6: and Educa-
tion, 5. [Text] [Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 31 May 84 p 6]

TIV WEEKLY NEWSPAPER SOON--A TIV weekly newspaper will soon begin publication,
Chief Godwin Daboh has said. Exchanging views with Governor Atom Kpera of
Benue State recently Chief Daboh, said that the first edition would be prin-
ted by Grafic Newspapers in Lagos while the Concord Group of Newspapers would
print subsequent editions. Chief Daboh told the governor that he was embark-
ing on the project to develop the Tiv language, adding that the paper would
not serve any political interest. He disclosed that plans were on to publish
Idoma and Igala editions. Replying, Governor Kpera restated the governments
commitment to help genuine businessmen develop industries in the state. He
emphasised the need for self-help projects in the state, adding that the era
of free everything from government was over. The governor urged the people of
the state to face reality saying "we should all join hands together and devel-
op the state." [Text] [Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 31 May 84 p 6]

POLICE ARMS, QUALIFICATIONS--THE Inspector-General of Police, Mr. Etim Inyang,
in Enugu said that "Mark 4" rifles currently used by the police would soon be
phased out. Answering reporters' questions during a visit to the Military
Governor of Anambra, Mr. Inyang said that the rifles would be replaced with
the ones that had a wider scope of achievement. Mr Inyang also said that all
policemen had been given a three-year deadline to obtain a minimum qualifica-
tion of General Certificate of Education, ordinary level in at least four sub-
jects or be dismissed. [Excerpt] [Enugu DAILY STAR in English 7 Jun 84 p 8]

65



NRP DWINDLING POLITICAL FORCE, SAYS SHEILA

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 Jan 84 p 10

{Article by Marilyn Cohen]

[Text ]

CSO:

THE National Party
has launched attack on
the New Republic Par-
ty in the Rosettenville
provincial by-election,
with the NRP accused
of being “spoilers,
lacking organisation,
talent and the ability
to win a seat as well as
having no alternative
policy to the NP.”

NP candidate Mrs Shei-
la-Camerer told a house
meeting in the constitu-
ency the real fight in
Rosettenville was against
the Conservative Party.

The NRP, she said,
were “a dwindling politi-
cal force confined to parts
of Natal which neither has
the organisation nor the
talent nor the ability to
win a seat anywhere.”

But yesterday, NRP
candidate, Mr Tan Jayes
hit back.

“If we are so insignifi-
cant, why is Mrs Camerer
80 concerned about the
NRP involvement in the

3400/2010

by-election. The answer is
simply because she knows
she isn’t going to win,” he
said.

Mrs Camerer said the
NRP were: “spoilers” in
the by-election because
they had no alternative
policy to the NP.

“They deal in nuances
of policy and grievances.
They now suggest that the
new constitution should
have a fourth cham!
Blacks although ey
voted ‘yes’ for the three-
chamber parliament be-
cause they know very well
that the majority of the
electorate would never
have supported this
idea.”

The NP, she said, were
the only force in South
Africa strong enough to
stop. the CP and its
“steady slide towards
naked racism, tyranny
and conflict.”

But, Mr Jayes said, the
NRP were not spoiling
anything.

76

SOUTH AFRICA

“There is nothing to
spoil because there are

“two racialistic parties op-

posing us. The NP is not a
party of real reform.

“T personally see little
difference between the
CP and the NP because
they both are, trying to
turn Blacks into non-citi-
zens and failing to address
the real problem of this
country — accommoda-
tion of the urban Blacks.

“If the NP believed in
teal reform, it would have
come up with different
constitutional proposals,”
he said.

Mr Jayes accused Mrs
Camerer of trying to
Tighten moderates into
the NP camp.

“But a camp which still
denies a man the right to
own property, denies him
freedom of movement be-
cause of the colour of his
skin and intends having a
dictator as a president, is
not moderate.”

by Marilyn Cohen, 28
Height Street, Doomfontein, Johan-



home knowing that you could lose all your
years of hard work in Spain by ending up in
prison,” Andres-Molongua Muadacucu, an
economist, told Africa Nowin Madrid.

He went on: “There is noclear
jurisdiction safeguarding the freedom to
exercise one’s profession in Equatorial
Guinea. This explains the mass movement
from the country by qualified people who
are not encouraged to serve their
fatherland. We have to serve other people
as a last resort since we could not be of use
athome.”

Another twist in the whole affair is the
closer relationship France is cultivating with
Equatorial Guinea in the wake of Spanish
apathy towards its former colony. The
Junta believes that there is more to this.
According to Francisco Jones Ivina, Junta
International Relations Secretary, the

ish Government has “sold Euan
uinea to France” as part of a deal which
will see Spain become a member of the
European Economic Community (EEC).

Ivina told Africa Now: “We have
evidence that the Socialist government in
Madrid is receiving orders from Paris. The
French have totally blocked all our attempts
at contacting them. We have been told by

3400/2014

12

their embassy officials in Madrid thata
directive from Paris prohibits any French
contacts with groups: ‘opposed tothe
government in Malabo.”

The Junta sees a French hand behind the
recent dismissal of six Ministers from
President Obiang’s Cabinet and the
restructuring of the political apparatus (the
portfolio of Secretary of State has been
abolished and replaced with that of Vice-
Minister).

Ivina told Africa Now that this was not
the solution to the problem. He said: “The
government is always made up of the same
people; they merely get transferred to other

jobs, even though People are made to

lieve that the culprits are punsihed. What
we have in Equatorial Guinea isa
continuation of the dictatorial Macias
regime.”

le stressed that the Junta was the only
hope for Equatorial Guinea and it would be
folly not to take it seriously. “We here in
Spain have demonstrated oe we are the
only hope of the people. juatorial
Gunes Our friends would have to deal
directly with the Junta; and any opposition
that does not pass through the Junta
Co-ordinadora is sure to fail,” Ivina told
Africa Now @



tomorrow is too late. Even if, in the Soviet context of the time, the second
assertion came ahead of the first, and for good reason, it is still no less
true that in the Voltan case one could reverse the order of those two
assertions, or read them together, taking into account their truth as well as
their political and ideological profundity. Following the conquest of the
apparatus of the neocolonial state, and at the onset of the struggle to
achieve mastery over the neocolonial bureaucracy--and at the very time when
international imperialism is growing and intensifying its strategy of
planetary domination by attacking all centers of resistance--the young and
dynamic Voltan revolution, which with every passing day is being further
enriched by the experience of the other struggling peoples, has the right and
indeed the duty to perfect and consolidate its overall defense. Since it
exists, it has an obligation to grow, to become able to make the happiness of
the Voltan people a reality, despite the difficult circumstances created by
local reactionary forces and the hostile geopolitical environment, inhabited
by lackeys of international imperialism. Thus, our democratic and popular
revolution takes defense--defense and security--as its most important
watchwords. No price-tag can be put on our security, because it is the
indispensable foundation for the other tasks our revolution faces, as clearly
set out in the political orientation speech.

But who, exactly, will defend us? And against whom?

We will certainly defend the democratic and popular revolution against the
imperialists of every stamp. Without a keen sense of organizational methods,
our victory over the enemy would be ephemeral. If we do not immerse ourselves
in the orientation speech and the fundamental basic principles, it will be
very difficult for us to understand the true nature of the enemy and the
crimes he commits; within the anti-imperialist front we will be seen as a
loosely disciplined band, armchair revolutionaries, imbued with
petit-bourgeois sentimentalism, bereft of sincere convictions,

That is adventurism, which is not for serious revolutionaries. So it is a
question of guarding against the many dangers we face in order to avoid
failure. So we speak about organization, mobilization, the creation of a real
anti-imperialist front that could facilitate the rapid and methodical
liquidation of the after-effects of the bourgeoisie, the death, the
“de-fattening of the bourgeois." So we have no choice but to defend the gains
of the revolution while at the same time attacking the enemy on new fronts,
And our future conquests will demand strictness, discipline, the spirit of
sacrifice and correct practices, which are not possible without a correct
theory. In sum, at the present stage of the struggle of our valiant people, a
stage that we call "RDP," we must at least establish our priorities, our prime
objectives, and create an entire strategy. It was doubtless for all of these
important reasons that the tactic spelled out by the great Lenin on the eve of
the Great Russian Revolution of October 1917 seems more than useful to us. In
effect, when Lenin said that “today is too early and tomorrow is too late," he
had just seen how the revolution had suddenly come, surprising the
reactionaries, the big landowners and the other bourgeois elements in their
beds and pleasure haunts.

Whimpering in the Enemy Camp

Similarly, our revolution--the popular insurrection of 4 August, on which the
hopes of the people depend--surprised our enemies, and it will continue to

125



cso:

3400/1095

Experiments which are
‘being carried out in dry
areas of Masvingo pro-
vince have shown that
Red Swazi grows well
with very little moisture

is resistant to

and
damage by birds, he said.

Tt ia the ability of
small grains .cropg to
withstand conditions of
@rought that has : long
convinced .the peasants
not to stop growing
them, :

“The proportion of
total area planted to the
small grains ger
lower rainfaii provinces
emphasising the im-
portance placed by the
peasants on the need for
the major

Studies show that as
you move from the wet-
test parts of the country
to the driest, the pro-
portion of cultivated land
in communal areas de-

nificantly.
In Mashonaland West,
a high rainfall province,
only about 7 percent of
the land under cultivation
‘was planted with small
grain crops while in
Matebeleland South and
in Manicaland over 60
percent of the land under
cultivation was under
emall grain crops.
As a main crop,
ant farmers however
prefer to grow maize.
‘This: is partly to do with
its palatability but it is
also because far more
research has been de-
voted to improving maize

yields,

“Maize can also be ‘har-
vested green to sup-
plement family ' ‘starch
requirements before the
next harvest in. April/
May,” Cae Shumba points
out.

Because of the research
effort that has gone into
improving maize seeds,
between 1951 and 1980 it
has been® found that
maize yields in communal
areas steadily increased
from 342kg ‘per hectare
to 695 kg per ha.

Yields from _pearimillet
the main small grain used
for sadza, have droppet
drastically in the last 30
years from 631 kg per ha
in 1951 to 385 kg per ha
in 1980,

To re-establish the
peasants’ confidence in
small , Cde Shumba.
says research will. “have
to be intensified” to ar-
rest the decline in yields
and suitable hybrid seeds
algo have to be developed.

Research on small
grains has so fallen be-
hind research on maize
that there is not at
present a mechanical mill
which grinds © small
grains. They first have to
‘be pounded by hand be-
fore they can be milled. *

“The possibility of de-
veloping simple im-
plements to alleviate
problems associated with
amall grain flour
preparation should be in-
vestigated,” he says. —
Zimpapers Feature Serv-

131



SAP CLAMP ON NEWS DEPLORED
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English
[Article by Phillip Van Niekerk]

[Text] .
LEGAL experts reacted with

dismay yesterday to a decl-
sion by the South African Po-
lice to block publication of
news of an alleged security
detention by invoking the
Protection of Information

Act.

Ina telex reply on Monday
night to a Rand Daily Mai
request for confirmation of
the detention, the Police Di-

rectorate of Public Relations _

said ye Rese we
spect of the inquiry coul
Published.

The Act provides for a fine
‘of R10 000 or 10 years in jail
or both if the law is contra-
vened.

‘This is believed to be the
first time Section Four of the
Protection of Information
‘Act, which replaced the Offi-
cial Secrets Act in 1982, has
been used for this purpose.

In 1982 there was an outcry
over the refusal by the police
to permit publication of the
names of six detainees. That
information, however, was
blocked in terms of the Po-
lice Act.

Mrs Helen Suzman, the
Progressive Federal Party's
spokesman on civil rights,
said last night the use of the
Protection of Information
Act was a “very extreme use
of this measure” and a “fur-
ther broad incursion into the

cso: 3400/2010

13 Jun 84 p 3

freedom of the Press”.
‘The SAP telex to the Mail,

which was confirmed by tele-

phone yesterday, said; “In re-
Spect of the inquiry we wish
to draw your attention to the
provisions of Section Four of.
the Protection of Informa-
tion Act.

“No information in respect
of this inquiry may therefore
be published until further
notice.”

Section Four of the Act
nye “Any who has in
possession or under his
control or at his disposal . ..
any document, article or in-
formation... . which he knows
or reasonably should know
.. Pelates to ... a security
matter or the prevention or
combating of terrorism ....
and who publishes such infor-
mation for any purpose
which is prejudicial to the se-
curity or interests of the Re-

public... shall be guilty of an

offence.’

During the debate in Par-
liament over the Protection
of Information Act Mr Kobie
Coetsee, the Minister of Jus-
tice, said police could pre-
vent or at least delay report-
ing on people detained in
connection with terrorism.

While the Police Act has a
similar provision, experts be-
lieve this is a far tougher Act
with far greater penalties.

71

SOUTH AFRICA



It is about time a clamp down on these malpractices in fuel and petroleum
products was effected. We have a law which makes fuel diversion punishable by
firing squad, and these economic saboteurs are asking for its execution.

But above all, there is the need to make structural changes in the fuel econ-
omy. Already the PNDC has taken some of these steps by removing part of the
subsidy on petroleum products. The rationale here is that crude oil is bought
with the sweat and toil of our peasant farmers and miners and fishermen, yet
in its distribution they are the most cheated.

The mode of allocation and distribution of lubricants by GOIL should be looked
into by the Ministry of Fuel and Power to ensure that it is effectively done.

We are informed that GOIL is enjoined by regulations to haul these products up
country. Yet it is observed that lubricants imported into the country by Gov-
ernment stay at GOIL depot at Tema, long after being allocated to the regions.

The inability or failure of GOIL to do so results in customers from all over
the country: flocking to the Accra Regional Office to place orders and to
arrange for vehicles to cart the products to their various destinations.

This creates artificial shortages of lubricants in the system, and Government
gets the blame. The Management of Goil must be able to move the products up
country.

The "Graphic" suggests that it is time to form a National Allocation Committee
to see to bulk allocation and haulage of lubricants to the regions.

There should be regional and district sub-allocations committees. Each com-
mittee within the regions must set up a transport pool to haul their respec-
tive regional allocations from GOIL depot at Tema as soon as these are made.
The cost of the haulage should be borne by GOIL

The regional committees should prepare annual consumption patterns of lubri-
cants within each region and to forward these to the National Allocation Com-
mittee. The National Committee would then use the data so collected in _decidé
ing the quantity of lubricants to be supplied to each region. :

The need for the effective co-ordination of activities of all fuel marketing
companies, haulage contractors, GHAIP Oil Refinery so as to ensure authentic
and fair distribution is even more important.

There is need to ensure through strict monitoring that petroleum tankers that
leave the refinery to ‘any filling station/reseller outlet’actually reach their
destination.

All these will take time. Time which are stretched from the thousands of un-
known and dedicated men and women who already work around the clock to ensure
that freedom and justice come to dwell among us in our own life time.

But in the meanwhile the "Graphic" calls for a stricter look at the Fuel and
Power industry.

cso: 3400/2006
29



DANISH ARMS SMUGGLER GETS SUSPENDED SENTENCE

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 15 Jun 84 p 11

[Text ]

COPENHAGEN. —
Rejecting prosecution
demands for a long jail
term, Denmark’s High
Court yesterday hand-
ed down a suspended
six-month sentence to
a shipper who con-
fessed he helped smug-
gle 6 000 tons of arms
and ammunition to
South Africa.

The  gun-running on
Danish vessels making at
least 22 trips from Roma-
nia, Bulgaria, Yugosla-
via, Italy and France from

1978 to 1980 is in viola- .

tion of a United Nations
embargo.

The maximum penalty
under Danish law is three
years imprisonment and
there was a political stir in
and beyond Denmark last
March when a lower court
sentenced Peter Getter-
man (37) to six months
and suspended the sen-
tence.

The High Court, how-
ever, upheld the Lower
Court decision although
two of the five judges
voted for a sentence of up
toone year.

Like the Lower Court,

CSO: 3400/2010

the High Court found
mitigating circumstances

“in Getterman’s employee

status and in his cooper-
ation with police in com-
ing back from his residen-
ce in Spain voluntarily to

help clear up the compli-

cated case.

influence
In his plea before the
High Court, the defence
lawyer ‘complained that
politicians and newspaper
commentators had unduly
attempted to influence

‘the judges.

The prosecution, which
had demanded the maxi-
mum three-year sentence,
said it would consider an
appeal to the Supreme
Court.

At the same time,
police presented formal
charges against Getter-
man's former employer,
shipowner Mr Anders
Jensen who fled to South
Africa in 1983 soon after
police moved in on the
headquarters of his Tri-
gon Lines north of Co-
penhagen.

Mr Jensen was charged
with the illegal arms
transports which, accord-
ing to police, netted the

100

Trigon Line over R2-mil-
lion. But Mr Jensen and
his wife Alice, who still
reside in Denmark, were
also charged with embez-
zling shareholders in the
Trigon Line by transfer-
ting over R500 000 to a
Spanish bank and draw-
ing the whole sum as Mr
Jensen sought refuge in
South Africa.

Fifth Dane
Getterman was thé fifth
Dane convicted and given

.4 suspended sentence in a

series of trials of shippers,
shipowners and captains
involved in arms smug-
gling to South Africa.

With Denmark's repu-
tation as an advocate of
the arms embargo at
stake,.the Danish Gov-
ernment earlier trans-
mitted to the office of the
UN _ Secretary-General
and to a special Security
Council — sub-committee
an extensive report on the
involvement of Danish
ships in arms smuggling.

The Govenment was
expected to follow up
with a new report follow-
ing yesterday’s High
Court ruling.



SPLIT IN ALLIANCE REPORTED

London AFRICA NOW in English Jun 84 p 28

[Text]

The split pattern prevalent among political
Parties in Mauritius is being repeated once
again. Less than a year after winning a
landslide at the general election, a split has
occurred within the Alliance — following
Predictable lines over the last few years.

This time the split occured when the
Labour Party's executive voted in favour of
leaving the Alliance. This was inevitable
after the dismissal of Labour leader Sir
Sitcam Boolell.as Economic Planning and
Development Minister.

What this latest split has done is to divert
the public’s attention from the island's
economic difficulties which will probably
lead to devaluation, as ordained by the IMF,
and arise in the price of rice. It has also
given the opposition Mauritius Militant

lovement (MMM) an unexpected boost.
When the Alliance was formed just before
the elections of last August, its sole aim was
to ensure that victory did not go to the
MMM.

Any semblance of unity in the fight .
against Paul Bérenger and his MMM. rapidly
disappeared soon after the proclamation of
the results when Sir Sitcam Promptly noted
that Labour was responsible for the election
success of the Alliance.

When Sir Sitcam was dismissed last
February, the government said that this was
done in the sole interest of the country. He
was not sharing the views of his Cabinet
colleagues and was acting as a destabilising
element within the government, menacing
its unity andeven challenging the authority
of Prime Minister Anerood jugnauth.

Jugnauth himself was highly critical of Sir
Sitcam whom the Prime Minister saw as “an
obstacle to the economic ogress of the
country.” Inviting the Labour Party's
executive to dissociate itself from their
leader and stay within the Alliance,
Jugnauth said that it had become clear that
the former Economic Planning and
Development Minister was not in solidarity
with the government and was encouraging

36

MAURITIUS

some members of his party’s executive to
criticise the Alliance, thus adopting the
tone and style of the MMM.

Speaking of his dismissal, Sir Sitcam
wished good luck to the Prime Minister and
his regime and hoped that they would
succeed in lowering the prices of food and
creating jobs.

He believed that his dismissal was due to
two factors. First was his meeting with
leaders of the General Workers Federation
(Gwr). Even members of his own executive
were of the Opinion that their leader should
not have made such a move. They believe
the GwF is responsible for the current
economic chaos in the cout try

But Sir Sitcam said that in strike-
ridden times (1979-80), he was Opposed to
the action of the GWF while leaders of the
Mauritius Socialist Movement (MsM) (the
other partner in the Alliance) were
supporting the unions when they were also
members of the MMM.

The second factor was his strong stand
against the Labour Party fusing with the
MSM. In fact, the Labour Party's dispute
with its MSM partner reached a climax when
it was suggested that integration should
take place.

Sir Sitcam had the maj jority of the
executive behind him. This majority was
itself opposed to an.alliance with the MsMin
the first place because it would give the
Labour Party a back seat role. But the
alliance went ahead because the then
Labour Party leader, Sir Seewoosagur
Ramgoolam, held sway. When he became
Governor General last December, Sir
Sitcam took over the mantle as Labour

Party leader.
It ended years of rivalry between Sir
Sitcam and ex-Finance Minister

Veeraswamy Ringadoo for the pays
leadership. Ringadoo is all for the Alliance
and though not an elected MP, could
become Attorney-General in the
Ministerial reshuffle that is inevitable now


NIGERIA

TWO BILLION NAIRA COMMITTED TO AJAOKUTA STEEL ROLLING MILL

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 11 Jun 84 pp 1, 13

{Text] ABOUT 2.02 billion Naira has been committed in the steel rolling mill
complex at Ajaokuta, the acting general manager of the company, Alhaji
Ibrahim Atta, said in Ajaokuta on Saturday.

Addressing newsmen in his office, Alhaji Ibrahim said that 800 million Naira
was spent on the supply and erection of equipment, 648 million Naira on civil
works and 570 million Naira on housing programmes and infrastructure. .
According to the acting general manager, work in the complex was still going
on and the contracts on civil works were being re-negotiated.

“The contractors are complaining of increases in the cost of labour and mater-
dials," Alhaji Ibrahim said.

On production, he said that the wire rod section of the mill had produced
9,000 tonnes of assorted wire since it began production in March recording a
sale of 10.5 million Naira and that the light section mill commissioned earlier
was still idle due to shortage of raw materials.

He said that the Federal Government had issued the mill with adequate import
licence for the importation of billets with adequate import licence for the
importation of billets following the failure of the Aladja Steel Company to
meet its demand for billets, adding "we now have stock to last us for the next
two months.

The company he said, planned to invite tenders for distributorship of its
products as soon as plans were completed and that the company had received de-
mands for its products from other countries. :
The manager said that 300 members of the company had been dismissed for absentee-
ism while another 266 had their appointments terminated for possessing false
credentials.

He said that five other members of staff had been issued with letters of commen-
dation while one person was being prosecuted for tampering with the company's
24,000 Naira.

cso: 3400/2011

61



GHANA

BRIEFS

"WANTED PERSONS PRESS RELEASES--A GOVERNMENT statement in Accra on Monday
said certain people have been using press releases emanating from the PNDC
Information Office, requesting them to report in connection with certain in-
vestigations, to seek political asylum in some Western countries. According
to the statement, such people Pay between £1,000 and ¢2,000, depending on the
urgency of their case, through agents within certain revolutionary bodies, to
have their names published in the national dailies as Wanted Persons who
should report "without delay or face the consequences". A copy of the publi-
cation is then sent by air to those already out of the country to support
their application for asylum. Those about to leave the country arm themselves
with such publications or cuttings which they present to the immigration
authorities to support their claim that they are wanted for political perse-
cution by the PNDC. The statement asked all the organs concerned to be vigi-
lant and vet all those whose names were to be published in the national dail-
ies. It warned that stern action would be taken against those found endulging
in this racket. [Text] [Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 30 May 84 p 1]

GCB THWARTS AKUAJO CHEQUES--THE Ghana Co-operative Bank has frustrated the
Success of the Akuafo Cheque system in the Brong Ahafo Region. As at the end
f April, the Co-operative Bank had misapplied an amount of £9,289,722.00
which should have been paid to cocoa farmers drawn from nine areas of the re-
gion. The affected areas are: Bomaa, Nsuatre, Goaso, Kasapin, Asumura,
Kenyasi, Ntortoroso, Atronie and Kwapong. Again, the bank is indebted to the
Ghana Commercial Bank to the tune of 4.8 million, thus making it difficult
for the GCB to help the Co-operative Bank out. These came to light during a
meeting with regional heads of banking institutions involved in the Akuafo
Cheque system and members of the committee on the implementation of the cheque
system led by Mr Kwesi Ahwoi in Sunyani. It became clear that the money which
should have been used exclusively for the cocoa farmers went either into the
renovation of the Bank's buildings or was given in the form of loans or over-
draft. Asa result, some of the farmers who sold their produce as far back as
last December have not yet received their monies. Officials of the bank
stated that they were trying to retrieve some of the money from the branch
Managers and their customers. It was suggested the bank should mobilize some
of its surpluses in other regions to rectify the situation. However, that
would be subject to the approval of the bank's interim management committee.
Mr Kwesi Ahwoi, however, made it plain that the mess must be cleared before

the light season begins. [Text] [Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English
7 Jun 84 p 4]

32



Alhaji Ibrahim expressed gratitude to government for making agricultural loans
and other inputs available to the farm.

He however urged government to provide boreholes and irrigation schemes for
farmers [word indistinct] especially in the northern states--to ensure supple-
mentary water supply as well as engage farmers throughout the year.

He warned that government-owned agro-based ventures like the River Basins,
grain, meat, cotton, et cetera, production boards, would continue to run at a

loss "because nobody is held responsible for the success or failure of these
institutions."

Giving adequate incentives to ordinary farmers would yield better results be-

cause they would know that if they failed, they would be the losers, he ad-
vised.

cso: 3400/2011

64



BASE METAL REFINERY TO BE BUILT NEAR RUSTENBURG

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 15 Jun 84 p 3

[Article by Brendan Ryan]

[Text]

cso:

WESTERN PLATINUM has giv-
en the go-ahead for the construc-
tion of a R17m base metal refin-
ery at its mine near Rustenburg.
e plant should be in opera-
tion in 1986 and will use the Sher-
ritt Gordon process. Main con-
tractors are Simon Carves.
Western Platinum, SA’s small-
est platinum producer, is con-
trolled by the Lonrho group which
holds 50,5%. Other major share-
holders are Falconbridge with
25% and Su r Oil with 24%.
A Westplat 5; man said
yesterday that the plant would
earn several million rand a year
extra for the company through
higher metal recoveries, lower
operating ‘costs and savings on
shipping charges.
e mine produces a matte
containing platinum group met-
als (pgm) and base metals which

is shipped to a Falconbridge re-
finery RN

lorway for the recovel
of copper, nickel and cobalt.
‘The precious metal-bearing re-
sidue is then airfreighted back to
SA and the gem gold are re-
covered at Westplat’s refinery at
Brakpan.

3400/2010

The recovery process can ex-
tend over five months and the
Westplat spokesman said the new
plant would release large sums of
cash locked up in unrefined inven-

From 1986 nickel and
m copper, nickel an
cobalt will be recovered in West-
plat’s refinery ‘near Rustenburg
and precious metals at Brakpan.

‘The Westplat spokesman said
the Sherritt Gordon technique had
been chosen because it gave the
best recoveries and the lowest op-
erating costs.

The technique uses a matte-
leaching s3 to produce leach
solutions from which copper and
nickel sulphate containing cobalt
are produced.

‘The residue containing pre
cious metal concentrates _ will
then be transported to the Brak-

finery.
Pome new refinery will have the
capacity to handle 4000 tons of

matte a year.

estplat step up output
from the UG2 reef tonnage of
matte produced would remain un-
changed but the percentage of
pgm in it would increase.

101

SOUTH AFRICA



UPPER VOLTA

OUAGADOUGOU CONDUCTS ALERT EXERCISE

Passek-Taale Comments on Test
Ouagadougou L'OBSERVATEUR in French 11-13 May 84 p 10
[Commentary "Passek-Taale Speaks" ]

[Excerpt] On 6 May 1984 a transport vehicle overturned in the Mane region. The
toll: 19 dead and 17 injured.

Dear cousin: Not a dull moment in Ouaga! In the early morning of 8 May
residents of the capital--both civilian and military--were given a real jolt.

At about 0500 hours an alert was sounded. Light and heavy shots were fired
from the vicinity of the Office of the President or the Entente Council, the
headquarters of the CNR [National Revolutionary Council], At intervals tracer
bullets streaked across the still darkened skies, The municipal siren began to
bellow unceasingly,

The people came quickly out of their houses. Standing out in the streets,
women covered in loincloths, men with their napkins still under their belt,
children whose cheeks were still covered with the heavy spittle of the
night--all of them with their arms’ crossed on their chests asking what was
happening.

And what happened then?

The radio, which had been silent until then, came on the air to sound some
revolutionary notes. It was a "test alert."

It seems that in that anguished atmosphere, there were some who rejoiced.
Personally, and I tell you this, dear cousin, under the strictest pledge of
secrecy, I took the time to look around out there. Now do not tell this to
Tipoko, who thinks wrongly that I am a fearless knight, for in his
supercilious way he will undoubtedly make fun of me the next time I am back in
the village.

I saw practically nothing.

123



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

MAPUTO DROUGHT RELIEF--FOOD worth more than R100 000 for starving Mozambicans
has been donated to a Durban businessman, Mr Mohammed Ali Ismail, within hours
of the story of his campaign to help them appearing in Saturday's Sunrise Edi-
tion of The Daily News. By Friday, Mr Ismail and a few of his friends had
collected R50 000 worth of food, which was shipped to Mozambique yesterday.
"This week we are sending another two containers by ship and at the end of the
Month another 10," said Mr Ismail. He said he was overwhelmed by the response
from people who read about his efforts in Saturday's Sunrise Edition. Now a
committee has been formed, consisting of the South African Zakaat Fund, the
Muslim Youth Movement, the Islamic Medical Association of South Africa and the
Muslim Students! Association to work with Mr Ismail He has also received
offers of clothing from big companies, welfare Organisations have offered to
help run the Operation and businessmen are using their contacts to get more
food for the campaign. The Islamic Medical Association of South Africa will
send doctors to work among poor people in Mozambique. Later this week, Mr
Ismail will lead a four-man tour of the neigbouring country to draw up an in-
ventory of needs. [Text] [Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 11 Jun 84 p 7]

REFUGEES RETURN~-MORE than 17 000 people from the Changara district of the
north-western Mozambican Province of Tete, who had feld to Zimbabwe to escape
the drought in the area, have now returned home, the Maputo daily Noticias
reported yesterday. Noticias says more than half of Changara district's
Population of 75 700 had moved to Zimbabwe to escape the famine caused by four
consecutive years of drought. Six centres are being set up in the district to
distribute emergency relief aid to the famine victims. The relief aid con-
sists food, medicines and agricultural equipment for epeagant farmers. [Text]
(Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 9 Jun 84 Pp 1j

CSO: 3400/2001

42



cso:

a'15-year sentence. His
poetry evoked ques-

‘tions. +

Culture

Vusi said that culture
and civilisation depicts
the vivacity of African
consciousness. And
therein’ lies the dyna-
mism of consciousness.
. Here is an excerpt
from Vusi’s paper on the
meaning and dynamism

” of.African conscious-

ness,
“African consciousness

has two dimensions of

growth — the spiritual
and the material. The
material growth comes

_ in the form of territorial

3400/2010

liberation of the territo-
ties of Africa from colo-
nial and neo-colonial
tule of foreign powers.

“Spiritually — a term
to embody both psycho-
logical and abstract as-
pects of human life —
the growthi and devel-
opment in our African

consciousness manifests‘

itself in the educational

advancement of our:

people. And the symbol
of our psychological de-
velopment is found in

life, religion and so on.

84

“The living political.
symbol of our continen-
tal growth is the philoso-
phy of Pan Africanism
which seeks to promote
the 7socio-political_ and
socio-econgmic unity of
thei Africgh people
theif, consciousness at
themiséives as “Africans
— ‘hence African .con-
sciousness.

“The Organisation of
African Unity (OAU) is
the citadel of this force
of Pan Africanism pro-
pelled by the yet indom-
itable force of African
Nationalism that has set
revolving the wheels’ of
African liberation from
colonial rule and imperi-
alism. Hence African
consciousness is ey:
namic in motivation.” - |

People who are inter-
ested in listening and,
seeing these talks cath
write to’ the secretadyy
Siyakha/Re Ya Aha, PO.
Box 17472, Hillbrow
2038, ‘and arrange rent-
‘ing a video tape record-
ing of these seminars.

‘The next seminar will,
be held in Atteridgeville
next month at a date to
be announced.. The
speakers will include:
Professor Rob: Leshoai
who will speak on Culfu-
ral Revolution in: Afri-
can Litérature.



The Lusaka Agreement, in
fact, was in no way a
‘ceasefire’ but a definition of
practical measures for super-
vising the withdrawal of
South African troops from
parts of Angola they have
been illegally occupying since
August 1981.

Far from being a
diplomatic victory for South
Africa, therefore, it means
that South Africa is being
forced to make a military
withdrawal from parts of
sovereign Angola she had
been occupying.

There is no doubt that one
of the reasons for this sudden
turnabout in South Africa’s
attitude has been United
States pressure. Desperately
in need of a a foreign policy
victory in this election year
after its defeat in Lebanon
and Latin America, the
Raegan Administration has
staked all on some kind of
South West African in-
dependence settlement.

This is not because it would
like the South West African
people to enjoy the freedom
to which they are entitled,
but because it sees a ‘settle-
ment as the key to its only
policy on Africa - ‘Cubans
out of Angola.’

By now pressuring South
Africa to end its aggression

against independent Africa,:

the United States is showing
that it could have done so
long ago - had it been in its
own interest to do so -
thereby saving enormous
bloodshed and suffering.
Other factors which have
motivated the apparent

3400/2001

change in the aggressive
stance towards Angola of the
United States and South
Africa, have undoubtedly in-
cluded the fact that the
UNITA puppet group sup-
ported by Washington and
Pretoria, has suffered severe
setbacks.

UNITA’s failure was the
main reason for the major
South African offensive in
January 1984. This did not
achieve its objective of
enlarging the illegally oc-
cupied area of Angola.

Even the South African
generals admitted that they
met with greater Angolan
resistance than expected, ad-
mitting also to 21 dead, a ~
higher figure admitted. to
than in other operations in
Angola.

This in itself would be
grounds enough for South
Africa to: go to the
negotiating table, together
with the estimated R3-million
a day that the war is costing
South Africa.

The main-stream press is
also apparently -ignoring
another tri-partite meeting
held in mid-January this
year, when high level delega-
tions from Angola, the USSR

. and Cuba met in Moscow.

Agreement was reached in
helping the Peoples Republic
of Angola, to strengthen its
defence capacity, to
safeguard its . independence
and territorial integrity.

This a is a further most elo-
quent reason for the active
promoters and authors of
destabilisation in Africa
finally to accede to Angola’s
consistent quest for peace.



MAWU Hits Out at SEIFSA
(Joshua Raboroko; SOWETAN, 20 Jun 84) cccccccccccecccccece

Muslims To Rally Against Racist 'New Deal’
. (MUSLIM NEWS, 1 Jun 84) °..

Constitutional Reform Costs Unknown
(David Braun; THE STAR, 14 Jun 84) ...cccecce

ee eeencees

Telemecanique Expansion Plan Reported
(David Furlonger; RAND DAILY MAIL, 7 Jun 84) ceccocccecees

Bid for Dearer Ferrochrome Angers Japan
(Geoffrey Murray; THE STAR, 14 Jun 84)...

"Total Onslaught’ Claims Ridiculed
(Allister Sparks; THE STAR, 6 Jun 84) ccccccecccccccdccooe

Jan Smuts Could Be Challenged by Swazi Airport
(THE STAR, 12 Jun 84) <o«s

Poe eee eee OC eee CeCe Cee eee

Israeli Investors Warned Off Ciskei
(SOWETAN, 22 Jun 84) .cccccccceccececcccccccccvccsccccoees

Anti-UDF Body Suspended Pending Probe
(THE CITIZEN, 13 Jun 84) secccccccccccccccsceccccseseccccs

Academic Accuses Officials of Suppressing 'Roots' Theory Paper

(David Jackson; SUNDAY TIMES, 10 Jun 84) cecccccccecccceee

Tribal Violence Flares in Natal
(THE CITIZEN, 14 Jun 84) csccccscccceccccccccccccdcceseces

Ergo Allegedly Polluting Rietspruit River
(THE CITIZEN, 16 Jun 84) seccccccccccccccccsccccccacccecee

Increase. in Number of Black Students Reported
(SOWETAN, 12 Jun 84) cccccceccccccccccccccecceccecseceeces

Danish Arms Smuggler Gets Suspended Sentence
(THE CITIZEN, 15 Jun 84) ceccicecsccceeccs ccc c cece scence

Base Metal Refinery To Be Built Near Rustenburg
(Brendan Ryan; RAND DAILY MAIL, 15 Jun 84) .cseees

Vehicle Sales Increased in May
(David Furlonger; RAND DAILY MAIL, 13 Jun 84) scccecccceee

Threat of Widespread Starvation Increases
(Editorial; SOWETAN, 20 Jun 84) sccccccceccccccceccccccces

Cost of Beating Oil Embargo Reported
(THE STAR, 8 Jun 84) sccsccoccccccccccccccececcecssesseees

-e-

85

86

87

88

89

90

92

93

94

95

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

105



MAURITIUS

BRIEFS

OPTIMISM OVER FUTURE--PORT LOUIS--Mauritius can expect a considerable improve-
ment in the island's sugar-dominated economy this year, according to the
Ministry of Finance. The reason for the expected upturn is that the govern-
ment's moves to expand Mauritius's economic base are beginning to pay off.
Production from the Export Processing Zone, the nucleus of Mauritius's plans
to become the Hong Kong of the Indian Ocean, has increased significantly this
year. This is has already caused a marked reduction in unemployment, a major
problem which caused the downfall of the ruling parties in the last two elec-
tions. The ministry also expects tourist figures this year to top the 1979
peak of 128 360 with a commensurate increase in foreign earnings from this
source. Inflation is also expected to drop this year. [Text] [Johannesburg
THE STAR in English 11 Jun 84 p 11M]

cso: 3400/2004

39



CP STAND ON DEFENSE RAPPED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 15 Jun 84 p4

[Text ]

cso:

THE Conservative Party had
“the most shortsighed attitude
possible” towards matters of
defence because they regarded
it as a “horror"that Coloureds
and Indians would soon also
be responsible for defence, the
leader of the New Republic
Party, Mr Vause Raw, said.
Commenting during the sec-
ond reading of the ‘Defence
Amendment Bill on a speech

made earlier by mr Jan Hoon

(CP Kuruman) Mr Raw said
South Africa could be proud of
the Indians and Coloureds
serving in the Defence Force.
“And I would like to see

‘even more Coloureds, Indians

and Blacks Participating in the
defence of the country,” Mr
iw said,

In contrast, however, the
CP regarded it as a “horror”
that other race groups would
soon be co-responsible with
Whites for matters of defence,

Mr Hoon, he said, had spoken .

3400/2010

70

“in weeping tones” of how the
Bill was the last which would
be passed by a Whites-only
Parliament.

“This (CP view) must be the
most shortsighted attitude to
our defence that one can Poss-
ibly take.”

Asked by Mr Tom Langley
(CP Soutpansberg) whether he
knew that the leader of the La-
bour Party, Reverend Allan
Hendrickse, was Opposed to
Coloured people serving in the
Defence Force, Mr Raw said
this question represented the
“typical closed-mind —ap-
Proach” of the CP.

Mr Raw said he was aware
of the statements made by the
Labour Party and by the CP
and like-minded bodies such as
the Afrikaner Weerstandsbe-
weging and by the PFP.

But, he said, these state-
ments did not exclude the CP
and PFP from participating in
defence matters.

SOUTH AFRICA



SOUTH AFRICA

SA STAND ON CUBAN WITHDRAWAL HARDENED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 15 Jun 84 p 6

(Editorial: "The Burden"]

[Text] IT’S not easy for South Africa to rid itself of
the burden of running South West Africa and
defending it.

We cannot just say: We’ve had enough. We'll
let you do as you please. Have an election in
accordance with United Nations Resolution
435 even if, like the election in Rhodesia ar-
ranged by the British Government, the result
will be determined by the amount of intimi-
dation the terrorist forces are able to exert on
the electorate.

In this case, the terrorist force is Swapo.

We haven’t spent huge amounts of money on
the territory’s development, infrastructure
and administration just to hand it over, as a
going concern, to Mr Sam Nujoma.

We haven’t spent huge sums on defending the
territory against Swapo’s incursions, losing
the lives of close to 700 young soldiers, with
countless numbers wounded, just to pull out
meekly and abandon the territory to Swapo.

If we did just chuck it all up, it would be a
betrayal of all we have fought for. If we did,
the Right-wing in this country would yell
“Sell out.”

However, we cannot go on pouring huge
amounts into South West Africa endlessly.

There has to be a settlement — either an inter-
nal one, which seems unlikely, or one in
terms of UN Resolution 435, provided the
UN-supervised elections are fair, above
board, and without intimidation.

Through the years, Foreign Minister Pik Bo-
tha has fought for settlement conditions
which are acceptable to the South African
Government and most of the internal parties
of South West Africa.

Now, there is one condition left. The Cubans
must get out of Angola, as they are a destabi-
lising foreign force in the region.

79



249290
JPRS-SSA-84-079

12 July 1984

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

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Ag7



COST OF BEATING OIL EMBARGO REPORTED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 8 Jun 84 p 4

[Text]

cso:

3400/2010

AMSTERDAM — The oil
embargo is costing South
Africa. R2,3 billion a year,
according to the anti-
apartheid Shipping Re-
search Bureau’s latest
survey of oil deliveries to
the Republic.

The survey, released
yesterday, claims that
more than 200 oil tankers
called at South Africa be-
tween July 1981 and Jan-
uary 1983 in defiance of
the international oil em-
bargo.

Giving details of 57 of
the tankers, the survey

identifies 23 shipping

companies — most of
them Norwegian-based
— and six minor oil com-
panies involved in the
shipment of oil.

‘The bureau claims that
most of the oil comes
from a limited number of
nations, mainly in the
Gulf, which are unaware
that it is going to South
Africa, In a few cases the

oil is trans-shipped in
Rotterdam.

Of the cost to South
Africa of R2,3 billion,
about R950 million arose
at source. The cost of
maintaining an enlarged
stockpile is put at
R760.million, while pay-
ments to middlemen ac-
count for R380 million.
Another R250 million is
spent on increased oil ex-
ploration.

The 57 tankers of
which the bureau gives
details had a combined
capacity of about 12 mil-
lion tons, about half of
South Africa’s annual im-
port needs. Forty-three
are owned or managed
by Norwegian compan-
ies.

The bureau says it has
tried to contact the com-
panies it has identified as
involved in the oil trade
with South Africa. Some
admitted making deli-
veries, some denied the
allegations and some re-
fused to respond. —— .— -

105

SOUTH AFRICA



GEM CONTRACT WITH SAUDIS CANCELLED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 14 Jun 84 p 13M

[Text ]

cso:

LUSAKA — Zambia has can-
celled its emerald exploration
contract with a Saudi Arabian
firm, and has instead signed a
second deal with a joint Europe-
an and South American consor-
tium.

The original R25 million con-
tract, with Saudi Arablia’s Inter-
national Development and Con-
struction Co (IDCO), was with-
drawn by Zambia's Reserved
Minerals Corp (RMC) because
the Arab group failed to imple-
ment the agreed deal.

Sources close to RCM said
that IDCO, in addition to supply-
ing expertise and machinery,
were also required to provide
interést free loans towards the
establishment of‘an emerald ex-
ploration company.

This company would have
been 51 percent-owned by RCM
and 49 percent by IDCO. Apart
from exploration, ICDO would
also have undertaken the mar-
keting of any gems found. None

3400/2000

128

of these obligations was ful-
filled.

Last year, the sources said,
RCM lost R1,5 million on emer-
ald exploration, with overheads
increased by the use of hired
equipment.

A spokesman at the Saudi em-
bassy in Lusaka said he was un-
able to comment on the decision
as the original contract had not
involved the Saudi government.

The contract was signed in
1982 by Mr Francis Kaunda,
chairman of Zambian Consoli-
dated Copper Mines, and by
Prince Mansour Bin Abdul Aziz
for IDCO.

Last week Zambian military
and immigration personnel
cleared the emerald mining
area, in the Ndola district of the
copper belt, of 800 illegal
miners.

The RCM sources said that
these steps were being taken to
clear the path for the new inter-
national consortium to move in.

ZAMBIA



Two Billion Naira Committed to Ajaokuta Steel Rolling Mill
(NEW NIGERIAN, 11 Jun 84) HOC ee emcee erences cess eecsces

Untapped Gold Reserves in Niger State Noted
(Yusuf Ozi Osman; NEW NIGERIAN, 11 Jun 84) ccccccccecs

Disposing of 100 Tons of Rice Creates 'Dilemma' for Farm
(Emma Udoka; SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN, 10 Jun 84) <<...

Briefs
'Ghost’ Workers in Ondo
‘TIV Weekly Newspaper Soon
Police Arms, Qualifications
Increased Cotton Price

SOUTH AFRICA

SADF Involvement in Political Policing Opposed
(THE CITIZEN, 15 Jun 84) CORO e eee cree rece ce een cceccscees

Economic Future Linked to Reducing Territorial Hegemony
(Ron Schurink; SUNDAY TIMES, 10 Jun 84) c.ccccccecccccsces

CP Stand on Defense Rapped
(THE CITIZEN, 15 Jun 84) Seed ee ec occ ecco cece cesensecccuee

SAP Clamp on News Deplored
(Phillip Van Niekerk; RAND DAILY MAIL, 13 Jun 84) iccccce.

Alliance of Unions Formed
(SOWETAN, 15 Jun 84) TE h meee ee ee econ cece eee e eee cecccenee

Zulu King Calls for Unity
(SOWETAN, 15 Jun 84) Ce re

"Economic Community of Azania’ Proposed
(Ron Schurink; THE STAR, 11 Jun BA) cece c ccc cccccccecces

NRP Dwindling Political Force, Says Sheila
(Marilyn Cohen; THE CITIZEN, 13 Jan 84) séccccccccecccoces

SA's Position as Leading Regional Power Confirmed
(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 18 Jun BA) ceeecccccceccccceccces

SA Stand on Cuban Withdrawal Hardened
(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 15 Jun 84) ce ceccceccccscesecceec

Pik Takes Ciskei To Task
(THE CITIZEN, 20 Jun 84) 6

Report Claims Transkei Status "Not Respected"
(THE CITIZEN, 19 Jun 84) oe cecceee

New National Cultural Movement Formed
(Kaizer Ngwenya; SOWETAN, 18 Jun 84) cece

-d-

61

62

63

65

65

65

66

67

68

70

71

72

73

74

76

77

79

81

82

83



SOUTH AFRICA

FINANCING OFFSHORE GAS FIELD EXAMINED
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Jun 84 p 1
[Article by Stephen McQuillan]

[Text] PUBLIC shares could be a key to financing South Africa's first off-
shore gas field if Government approval is granted.

The possibility of an invitation to the public to subscribe for shareholdings
--as done with the Sasol oil-from-coal operation--has not been ruled out, ac-
cording to high-level sources.

Public funding could be considered alone or combined with private loans and
Government cash,

It is understood public funding is being considered closely.

But a Southern Oil Exploration Corporation (Soekor) spokesman last night
stressed that public shares were being considered alongside a range of other
funding options.

"It's anybody's guess what would be approved--if we do go into production."

Meanwhile, Soekor is preparing a special report for the Government on its
R2 000 million plan to tap a big gas field 100 km off Mossel Bay.

They aim to prove the investment potential of pressing ahead with a commercial
field.

Initial estimates put earnings at R7 000 million over the next two decades. i

Soekor aims to prove gas reserves amount to at least a trillion cubic feet--
one million million--and yield 20 000 barrels of petrol and diesel a day.

News of the strike was broken in The Star yesterday and immediately triggered
a wave of speculation about its possible economic impact.

But a Soekor spokesman gave the caution that it may take until the end of the

year to complete vital drilling operations to ascertain the viability of
extraction.

106



The result is that at each stage of the structure, there is a pile up, leading
to outstanding investigations, outstanding dockets, and outstanding cases
which should be dealt with by the Public Tribunals.

The dangers of the delays should be obvious to all. It provides an opportun-
ity for persons being investigated or their agents to fiddle with the mater-
ials and evidence and to lobby.

Such delays can also be misinterpreted by the public to mean disinterest on
the part of the persons charged with the various tasks. In some cases, it
could even mislead them into thinking that there has been improper behaviour
by certain members of these various bodies.

The "GRAPHIC" therefore, calls for the strengthening of the whole structure of
investigations, Vettings and Tribunals to ensure efficient performance.

cso: 3400/2006

27



SOUTH AFRICA

MUSLIMS TO RALLY AGAINST RACIST 'NEW DEAL'

Cape Town MUSLIM NEWS in English 1 Jun 84 p 1

[Text ]

cso:

While the state is claiming that thousands of People have registered

to vote on August 22 and 28 for the

‘Coloured’ and ‘indian’ chambers of

the tri-cameral parliament, it cannot counter the strong opposition to

its so-called ‘new deal’. -

The Muslims, who form an integral
part of the oppressed, have spelt out
in clear terms their firm stand against
the racist deal. This stand will receive
further exposure during the
forthcoming month of Ramadaan
when the Imams are expected to
condemn the state's latest divide and
rule plan in their talks after the nightly
Taraweeh Salaah.

What is expected to be the greatest
mobilisation of the Muslims in the
campaign against the new
constitution is also to take place
during Ramadaan. This will be in the
form of two mass rallies: the first on
Sunday June 17 at Primrose Park
Masjid and the another a week later at
Habibia Masjid. Both will start
immediately after Thur.

At Primrose Park the speakers will
be Sheikh Hamid Gabier, Sheikh Faik
Gamieldien, Imam Hassan Solomons,
Maulana Faried Essack and Ebrahim
Rasool. This rally is being organised

3400/2010

by ‘Muslims Against Oppression’ and
in a pamphlet issued by the
organisers it states:

* NO to the new constitution because
it will entrench apartheid and white
domination;

* NO to collaborators and Ahmadis
because Haq (truth) cannot be
achieved in a system of Batil
(falsehood);

® NO to the selling out of islam for a
few concessions Such as Adhan and
marriage licences. These are our
rights.

The rally at Habibia Masjid is being
organised by the Muslim Solidarity
Front on June 24 and will be
addressed by three speakers.

All Muslims are urged to make a
special effort to attend these rallies to
demonstrate that they are not
prepared ta be dictated to by the Kafir
system of apartheid. Muslims decide
what is good for them; the oppressors
can never make that decision.

86



PIK TAKES CISKEI TO TASK

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Jun 84 pp 1, 2

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text] CAPE TOWN. — The rael its doctors should not vices of Israeli doctors
Minister of Foreign Af- serve in Ciskei. and technicians in South
fairs, Mr Pik Botha, yes- Mr Botha said on Mon- ‘Africa and the TBVC

terday warned “friends in .

the Ciskei Government”
to guard against creating
the impression their Gov-
emment was wasting
State funds.

He issued a statement
— his second in 24 hours
— reacting to criticism by
the President of Ciskei,
Mr Lennox Sebe, and
Ciskeian chiefs that he
was meddling in Ciskei's
internal affairs.

Tt was alleged Mr Bo-
tha had pleaded for the
release of General
Charles Sebe and told Is-

day night Pres Sebe had
asked his advice and he
had advised the president
to deal with his brother in
a conciliatory manner if
he wanted to promote
greater peace and stabili-
tyin Ciskei.

In his statement yester-
day Mr Botha denied that
he had written to the Is-
raeli Government to dis-
courage the appointment
of Israeli doctors in Cis-

kei.

“In fact 1 expressed my
appreciation to the Israeli
Ambassador for the ser-

countries,” Mr Botha
said.

“T also told the Israeli
Ambassador that I was
worried that certain Israe-
li businessmen were
undertaking certain pro-
jects in Ciskei which,
viewed against the avail-
ability of funds and neces-
sity, were questionable.

“In fact questions were
asked of me in the As-
sembly on the need to
build an expensive airport
while theré was dire need

for job-creating projects in the interests of the people of Ciskei," Mr Botha
said. The high cost of training Ciskeian pilots and the purchase of aircraft
had also been questioned.

"I respect the independence of Ciskei, but as long as it receives financial
aid and loans from the Republic of South Africa I have no other choice but to
request the Ciskei to apply sound and effective financial management." South
Africa had to subscribe to such guidelines when it acquired foreign loans and
would harm its creditworthiness if it failed to do so.

"I trust that my friends in the Ciskei Government will agree with me that it
is in the interests of the Ciskei itself to guard against the impression that
the Ciskei Government is using State funds injudifiously.

"I appreciate the problems confronting the Ciskei," Mr Botha said. He also
appreciated the emotional statements of Pres Sebe, but it would serve no use~
ful purpose to react to them any further.

It is understood from diplomatic sources in Cape Town that a number of coun-
tries have expressed open concern about the situation in Ciskei and that the
Minister's reference to "impressions of unrest" in his statement on Monday
night was a direct reference to this.

cso: 3400/2010
81



DJIBOUTI

POLITICAL JOCKEYING, CLAN RIVALRY DESCRIBED

London AFRICA NOW in English Jun 84 p 23

[Text]

Speculation over the future of Prime
Minister Barkat Gourad was laid to rest
when he turned up for the opening of the
National Assembly on April 14.

But his arrival was something of a
surprise. There had been a lot of
speculation about his future in the wake of
last year’s currency scandal when police
found about $10m worth of forged Djibouti
francs. No evidence has been produced to
link the Prime Minister to the case; however,
the four businessmen arrested with the
forged notes had been given permission to
set up business in Djibouti by the Prime
Minister. Djibouti rumours as usual got
busy when the Prime Minister left for
Europe and failed to return for some
months.

There was speculation that President
Hassan Gouled would take the opportunity
to make a few changes, and even that
former Prime Minister Ahmed Dini, one
time close associate of Hassan Gouled,
might be brought back. This in fact would
be impossible unless Ahmed Dini publicly
renounced his involvement in the attempt
to try to set up an opposition political party
a couple of years ago. The attempt led to
Djibouti being formally declared a one-
party state and the new group was banned

pefore it started, on the grounds that it was
alargely Afar party.

Despite this, Anmed Dini remainsa
significant political figure and is generally
seen as having been a much stronger Prime
Minister than Barkat Gourad; though
before his resignation, when he alleged
discrimination against the Afars, he was
widely regarded as having deserted them
because of his close alliance with Hassan
Gouled and the Issas.

The government has also been weakened
by the scandals connected with Air Djibouti
and the row over the national bank. The
governor of the bank was dismissed at the
end of January after his plans to set up a
proper central bank were turned down. Air
Djibouti’s trouble led to the suspension of
the managing director Dahir Issod and the

Minister of Trade, Transport and Tourism,
Adam Roble, resigned in March 1983
ostensibly for health reasons. He had still
not been teplaced by May this year.

Ever since the successful aid donors’
conference last November there has been
widespread anticipation of a reshuffle
which would fill this vacant post as well as
make other changes. Adam Roble himself,
his health now restored, and dismissive of
any suggestions that he rofited out of Air
Djibouti, would certainly accept another
Ministerial post if it were offered.

There are other candidates for Adam
Roble's former job, among them the
president of the High Court, Farah Ali, and
the Secretary of Defence, Omar Chirdoun.
Significantly, both came from the same Issa
clan as Adam Roble, the Yunis Moussa.
Their respective backers include the
powerful director of the President's
Cabinet, Ismail Gueddi, from the Saad
Moussa clan, and Foreign Minister
Mouhmin Bahdon Farah, from the Yunis
Moussa, the largest Issa clan and one which
does not hold positions comensurate with
its size.

Allthis, and particularly the Prime
Minister’s long absence, has helped to
encourage discussions about the future
should anything happen to the President.
who is half way through a six-year term of
office (elected by a massive vote in June
1981). He is officially about 60, but is
generally believed to be at least 10 years
older and he does have eye trouble. It is also
widely believed in Djibouti that he has
twive been treated for circulatory problems
in Europe. With the sudden, unexpected
death from heart trouble of Sekou Touré of
Guinea, a number of people have begun to
feel that it would be sensible to have a
Vice-President or perhaps a more
commanding personality as Prime Minister.

Ttis too much to say that anyone is trying
to become successor to Hassan Gouled, but
alot of quiet jockeying for position has been

joing on particularly among the Issa clans.
he country’s other main ethnic group, the



NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

GERMAN NOW OFFICIAL LANGUAGE--FROM TODAY German is a third official language
for the white ethnic group, the Administrator General, Dr Willie van Niekerk
has announced. The AG made the announcement this morning at the opening of
the White Legislative Assembly. Dr Van Niekerk said he was making this an-
nouncement in terms of Proclamation AG 8 which makes provision for a multi-
ethnic second-tier governmental system. [Text] [Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVER-
TISER in English 12 Jun 84 p 1]

cso: 3400/2008

51



ISRAELI INVESTORS WARNED OFF CISKEI

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 22 Jun 84 p 9

[Text] JERUSALEM — Israeli businessmen and investors

cso:

are being scared away from having anything to do
with the Ciskel following a spate of adverse reports in
the local media and on the State owned radio,
according to a top businessman here who has a very
large project under way in Ciskei. ,

Discussing the reports here the businessman, who
requested to remain anonymous, suggested that
Bophuthatswana could “at least partially” be behind
the “campaign of information and disinformation.”

While the local Hebrew language newspaper
Maariv has recently been running front page stories
about Ciskei, usually tales of Israelis unable to
work, or stories castigating Israeli investors there,
on Wednesday it ran a story on Bophuthatswana.

Positive

This article took a positive tone, pointing out the
great interest among international companies in
helping develop that particular bantustan. It quoted
the “special adviser for the Bophuthatswana govern-
ment,” an Israeli named Han Sharoin, as saying that
many Israeli architects had signed long-term con-
tracts for large building projects in Bophu-
thatswana. The Israeli architect, Israel Godowitz, is
constructing a stadium at an 18 million dollar invest-
ment, Sharon said, while another Israeli architect is
involved in a four million dollar project for two cul-
tural centres. Last week a large Israeli company re-

Portedly finalised a deal to build a factory for sports
shoes.

The report said the largest investment in
Bophuthatswana last year was a fifty million dollar

3400/2010

93

project by a joint Dutch-South African corporation
which will set up an explosives plant.

“Maybe Bophuthatswana, or their ‘agents’ in Is-
rael are interested in preventing Israeli investment
in Ciskei,” the businessman said.

The English language daily, Jerusalem Post, on
Wednesday carried a front page article which went
over the ground covered by the Hebrew Press in the
past week. It quoted an interview with the Israeli
Ambassador in Pretoria, who condemned the activ-
ities of former Israeli Finance Minister Yoram Asri-
dor in Ciskei. Ambassador Lankin was quoted as
saying that while such involvement is not forbidden
“it is very likely to hurt Israeli interests.”

Asridor, reached by telephone in his Tel Aviv
home, politely declined to be interviewed. “My
business concerns are my private interests,” he said.

“But why did (Ambassador) Lankin single out
Ciskei for his warnings?” queried one businessman
here, involved in trade with South Africa and the
homelands. “Why did Lankin not mention Israel’s
active business activities in other bantustans?”

The Maariv newspaper warned that Israeli inves-
tors, including Asridor, might lose their whole in-
‘vestment in a move “which would not bring honour
to Israel.” . :

Apparently quoting information received from
government officials in Jerusalem, presumably the
Foreign Ministry, the report said the South African
Government planned to clip the wings of Ciskei’s
President ‘Lennox Sebe and slow down the flow
of South African funds to Ciskei:



ALLIANCE OF UNIONS FORMED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 15 Jun 84 p 3

[Text]

cso:

THE NEWLY-FORMED alliance
of seven unregistered and indepen-
dent black trade unions has com-
mitted itself to jointly campaigning
and fighting for workers’ rights.

Addressing a Press conference
in Johannesburg yesterday, the co-
ordinator of the alliance, Mr P Ne-
folovhodwe; said the unity of
black workers was paramount in
all efforts directed at the eradica-
tion of all forms of oppression, ex-
ploitation and discrimination.

Mr Nefolovhodwe said that the
seven unions, which are Black Con-
sciousness-orientated, have pledged
themselves to achieve co-operation in
solving mutual problems of political,
economic, social ‘or humanitarian

r.
“We shall also align ourselves with
any other union or organisation that
hhas the same views as we have,” he
Referring to the present unity talks
by major trade unions, he said these
have not invited them. However they
would first have to study their stand-
point andtermsofreference.
Regarding affiliation to other union
federations, he said that apparently
some federations were “perturbed by
the formation of the alliance” and
what it would achieve.

3400/2010

However he said, the alliance would
not seek any confrontation with any
trade union, but would always chal-
lenge the workers’ liberation struggle
where it was encroached.

The workers have to be totally in-
volved in the trade union movement
or political parties because it was they
who would bring about change in this
country, he said.

The alliance was Black Conscious-

+ Ress in outlook because it did not dif-
ferentiate between unionists and the
community. The liberation Struggle
faced them in the same way. The com-

munity’s problems were
the same everywhere,
whether at work or else-
where. -

The unions forming
the alliance are: African
Allied Workers’ Union,
Black Allied Mining and
Construction Workers’
Union, Insurance As-
surance Workers’
Union, Amalgamated
Workers’ Union, Black
Electronic and Electri-
cal Workers’ Union,
Black General Workers’ _
Union and National
Union of Workers of
SA.

72



COCOA PRICES--THE Ghana Cocoa Board has announced that purchases of the 1984
mid crop cocoa season will begin on FRIDAY, 15th June, 1984. The producer
price to be paid at all buying centres will be ¢900.00 (Nine hundred cedis)
per load of 30 kg. for grades 1 and 11 naked ex-scale or ¢1,875.00 per bag of
62.5kg. net. [Text] [Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 13 Jun 84 p 4]

CREDIT FACILITY FOR GAFACOOPS--THREE agricultural development institutions in
Britain, India and Holland have pledged a total of 40 million US dollars cred-
it facility to the Ghana Federation of Agricultural Co-operatives (GAFACOOPS)
for the setting up of agro-based industries in the country. The institutions
are Nazebyte Ltd. of Britain, the Indian National Small Industries Corporation
and Dutch Translas International BV of Holland. The national president of the
federation, Nana Owusu Gyemi, disclosed this to the press after leading a
four-man farmers' delegation to the 26th World Farmers Congress in New Delhi,
India. According to Nana Gyemi, both Britain and Holland pledged to give 15
million dollars each while India pledged 10 million dollars. The national
president said the loan which was pledged as a result of discussions held with
the three institutions is also to be used for the importation of agricultural
machinery for farmers. The ten million dollar pledge from India, he said
would be used for the establishment of small-scale cottage industries while
the 15 million dollar loan from Britain would be used in the development of
solar energy for both agricultural and domestic purposes and for the purchase
of fishing inputs. The Dutch loan, he further stated, would be used for the
importation of machines for oil palm, processing and rice hulling and thrash-
ing. The congress which was attended by 41 member countries, United Nations
(UN) agencies, European Economic Community (EEC), African Caribbean and
Pacific (ACP) and 65 farmers organisations praised the PNDC government for its
agricultural policy, he said. [Text] [Accra PEOPLES DAILY GRAPHIC in English
30 May 84 p 4]

OWNERS GET FACTORIES BACK--THE PNDC has promulgated a law returning the
shares, debentures, securities and proprietory rights of four companies taken
over by the State and operated by the National Industrial Company Ltd. to
their original owners. A statement issued yesterday and signed by Mr Ato
Dadzie, Secretary, PNDC Secretariat, named the companies as Textile Trico
Manufacturing Company, Nsawam Foam Co. Ltd. later named Fabric Manufacturing
Factory. The rest are City Commercial Ltd and City Auto Parts Supplies Ltd
later named Nic Haulage and Warehousing. The statement said the review of the
confiscation stems from the report of a number of bodies that were set up by
the government to study the case when new evidence became available on the
grounds for the earlier take-over. The new law also seeks to indemnify the
operators and managers of the enterprises which now revert to their former
owners and restrain the courts from entertaining any suits relating to the
take-over and subsequent transfer. [Text] [Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in
English 2 Jan 84 p 4]

SOVIET TECHNICAL EXPERTS LEAVE--THREE Soviet technical experts who were in the
country to rehabilitate broken down equipment at the Tema Technical Institute
left Accra for home yesterday. Speaking to newsmen at the Kotoka Internation-
al Airport shortly before their departure, the leader of the team, Mr Bazylev
Vassily, said the team was able to repair all the faulty equipment which had

33



BOTHA OFFERS TO LET OTHERS TAKE OVER COUNTRY

Rot Said Setting

In

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 11 Jun 84 p 3

[Text] THE OFFER of the
South African Prime
Minister, Mr PW Botha,
to certain’ Western
powers, to “take over”
Namibia, proved the
degree of “decadence”
in the government of the
National Party in SA,
the leader of the Her-
stigte Nasionale Party in
Namibia, Mr - Sarel
Becker, has said.

In a statement, Mr
Becker said these actions
of Mr Botha showed he
had no “national pride and
patriotism.

“One could not think of
past Prime Ministers of SA
such as Smuts, Malan,
Strijidom and Verwoerd
ever acting in such a man-
ner.

“It is, therefore, clear.
that -the cry of self-
determination rights ‘the
Bothas want ‘is a “hollow
sound” because not one

45

potitical party in SWA was-

consulted prior to Mr
Botha's offer of their
country to the Western
market", Mr Becker said.

He wondered who. was
making decisions in
Namibia and suggested
Washington was using Mr
PW and Mr Pik Botha as
“messengers”.

“The whites of South
West have a message to
the Bothas: We wil! not al-

‘low any’ foreign power to

make decisions for us—
neither the Western
powers nor the United Na-
tions.

“If we are going to be
auctioned off .then we
claim our parliamentary
representation so we can
state our case to the whites
of SA.

“It is high time the South
Africans realised the
astronomical consequences
of the Botha Administra-
tion. Before that, cur
finances were on a sound
footing,” Mr Becker said.

NAMIBIA



NYERERE RESHUFFLES MINISTERIAL, DIPLOMATIC POSTS

Tradition of Surprise

London AFRICA NOW in English Jun 84 p 61

TANZANIA

[Text] Tanzania's President has maintained the tradition of surprise in all
his shuffling of Ministerial and diplomatic posts

[Text]

Ithas been dreaded, predicted and analysed
for months. In public few events can
concentrate the collective mind of Ministers
and diplomats as wonderfully as the
imminent shuffle.

The anxieties of party heavyweights are
casual affairs when compared to the agonies
of servants of the people on the eve of
relocation. In any event, party men do not
get shifted about as often. Ministers,
ambassadors in particular, as well as their
Officers do, and the shuffle can unhinge a
whole life. So much revolves around it.

The summons to Ikulu, the State House,
has been known to cause sleepless nights
but such nightmares are soon got over,
especially if the audience is with the
President. If there are shocks in the offing
they are cushioned and thus made easier to
live with. An invitation for dinner with
Mwalimu — a not infrequent affair in
Tanzania’s highly sophisticated
statecraftsmanship — ‘is nearly always a
charming affair, the conversation
scintillating. Rebukes, if any, or
assignments hone too thrilling, get faded in
almost as an afterthought when one has
upped and is about to go. The real purpose
is rarely divulged but left to unwind itself in
the future.

‘On the other hand, the summons to the
party can have its moments of distress and
there are brave souls who have left the
grilling sessions demonstrably impressed by
the majesty of it all. Nor is the Presidential
telephone call forgettable. The
correspondent will go on talking about it for
months on end.

But none of these can equal the shuffle
for the sheer change it can wreak in the
Official’s life. Especially for diplomats on
foreign posting it calls for a drastic revision
of life style, disruptions in the schooling of

114

one’s children and in a few cases
interruption in the treatment of that
terminal ailment not available back home.
Not that matters like these do not attract the
appropriate compassion but they cannot
always be paramount.

Nyerere has succeeded in maintaining the
tradition of surprise in all his shuffles both
in their timing as well as their content.
Indeed, a number of factors put the April
one on the cards. There was the long-
standing suggestion by the IMF to rationalise
the Cabinet, make it leaner for reasons of
efficiency. There were major shifts in
diplomacy among key front-line states in
their relations with Pretoria. Internally,
Zanzibar was clamouring for a more
equitable union and the President had
resigned as a result.

Cumulatively, these factors compelled a
re-arrangement of the Cabinet. When
Sokoine died it was a foregone conclusion.
oH when it came, especially the Prime

inisterial appointment, it was a surprise.

Speculations had centred around other
candidates. They are Defence and National
Service Minister, Brigadier Muhiddin
Kimario, Minerals Minister Paul Bomani
and Works Minister John Malecela.
Kimario alternated with Malecela as the
most eligible candidate.

Malecela is the better known of the two.
He held a number of key posts in the last 14
years. From 1969-70 he was East African

inister for Communications and Research
and Social Services, took on Finance and
Administration for the two years following
and ably headed the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs in the challenging years of
Tanzanian diplomacy 1972-75.

Kimario is relatively new but, having
been moved to Defence from Home Affairs



DIE REPUBLIKEIN REPORTING RAPPED

Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 26 May 84 p 10

(Editorial:

[Text ]

cso:

3400/2008

"Blou-Bollie "

One of the country’s more bogus institutions, called
Die Republikein, is, and one thanks the heavens for
that, not taken seriously in this country. In fact, that in-
stitution, also called a newspaper in the absence of a
Proper definition for it, is taken for what it is - a
spurious, meaningless effort at reporting.

If you take the headlines, and reports of that paper
over the past six years, you feel unspeakable embarrass-
ment. It is the squeaking voice of something artificially
held together, by means of the power dictates from
down south.

That aside. Its circulation claims are to Put it mildly,
based not on true sales but give-aways pai for by some
unidentified source or sources. We challenge that paper
to take us to court, so that we can show up the system to

commerce of how it is composed, administered and ex-

ecuted. Some instances have other labels for it. They
call such circulation systems fraudulent.
Its news coverage is an effort at grappling with mat-

ters not understood, and then pouring out not a news.

story, but a feeble effort at biting comment.
Yes, that institution is a part of the curses burdening
our country.

50

NAMIBIA



ARMY GROWS COTTON

Harare THE HERALD in English 14 Jun 84 p 7

[Text]

cso:

3400/1098

THE Zimbabwe National Army expects
to earn $20000 this year from its 39,5
ha cotton project a¢ Mushumbi Pools,
a spokesman has said.

He said the project, launched by 2
Brigade, hoped to harvest more than
its nearest competitor, the Agricultural
Marketing Aut ity, who had more
hectarage. The army's bumper crop,
denpite the drought, recovered all ex-
penses with enough profit to prepare
for the next season.

The project waa‘ started last year
in response to the presidential call for
an army which produces as well a3
defending Zimbabwe.

‘The army had bought about 100 ha
of virgin land on the northern border
of Zimbabwe in the Zambezi Valley for
farming. Barracks were bullt to pro-
vide accommodation for soldiern who
would be called to work on the fields,

The spokesman said while it was
not professional for the army to be-
come heavily involved in commercial
farming, the purpose of the ventire
was to ensure whole or part self-sufil-
elency in food to relieve Government
of a financial burden. .

Other units of the army were also
engaged in smali-scsle agricultural
projects.

135

ZIMBABWE



Cartoon View
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 8 Jun 84 p 8

[Text]

How opp |
HOBODY WANTS
TG HOLD THe Bay.

CSO: 3400/2008

46



OF AZANIA

Cape Town

ECONOMIC COMMUNITY

Coloured -white sphere

Port Elizabeth

novating political institutions but find
the national environment too narrow
and introvert a frame for doing so.
Aggregation of power at a suprana-
tional level within regions and sub-re-
gions will probably offer development
(and reconciliation?) opportunities
which individual nations could never
afford. At the same time, European

‘ience shows that such a scheme
can be successful only if it does not
stifle the drive towards greater self-
assertion and self-determination
which human groups possess even at
local or district level.”

The words in italics are mine. We
can surely envisage economic supran-
ationalism, which must make South
Africa even more effective in its in
ternational trading and in its develop-
ment, as something to which both
blacks and whites would give whole
hearted support?

Present here, probably in the form
of the Economic Community of Azan-
ia (to give real expression to the aspi-
rations of blacks), it would re-focus
the thinking of all of us from narrow
sectional considerations to the
broader good of . once
their thinking has been re-focused
properly, whites will see very clearly
that a continuing disproportionate ter-

cso: 3400/2010

ritorial hegemony for them can only
hurt the community.

We shall at last have a real op-
portunity of getting the Afrikaners,
in particular, to apply “separate de-
velopment” to themselves — and de-
cide, probably, to retain hegemony

other for whites only
in the Transvaal and Free State (ee
cluding properly consolit nat
states). That would mean the real end
of apartheid in Natal and the Cape
{the Western Cape probably becoming
a coloured-dominated component of
the economic community — see map).

On their side, blacks will find that
the community is held much closer
to the nourishing bosom of the West
‘than a bloodily-won unitary Azania
(with all the problems of an emer-
gent African nation) ever would be.
Tt would exemplify good manage-
ment, and powerful business leaders
admire nothing more than that.

Getting economic supranationalism
‘on the road here should be much eas-
ier than it is proving in Europe, since
we already have a united infrastruc-

; ture.

* The sooner we get it on the road,
the sooner the combative atmosphere
that comes round every June will
start to dissipate.

75



MAWU HITS OUT AT SEIFSA

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 20 Jun 84 ps5

[Article by Joshua Raboroko]

[Text]

cso:

3400/2010

THE Metal, and Allied
Workers’ Union has ac:
cused the Steel Engi-
neering Industries Fed-
eration of South Africa
(Seifsa) of showing a “cy.
nical contempt“ for the.
process of collective bar-
gaining for the indus-
tries’ over 380 000 work-
es.

The union was react-
ing to a series of annual
wage negotiations which
have been rejected by
them and the South Af-
tican Boilermakers’ So-
ciety at the Industrial
Council.

A total of 11 out of
the 13 unions have
signed the Industrial
Council wage agreement
— but the majority of
these who have been
signed are craft unions,

In a statement to The
SOWETAN yesterday,
Mawu slammed the ac-
tions of Seifsa during the
wage talks. Mawu ac-
cused them of using arti-
san unions as a means of
“avoiding bona fide col-
lective bargaining”.

Contemptuous

“By forwarding to the

85

Minister for gazetting,
an agreement which has
been rejected by the two
largest unions represent-
ing unskilled and semi-
skilled workers, Seifsa
has once again shown
that it is completely con-
temptuous of these wor-
kers,” the union said.
The union also ex-
Pressed feelings that the

“action by Seifsa and its

associates at the IC con-
firmed that the majority
of employers had never
intended to accept col-
lective bargaining.

Both Mawu and
SABS, who are mem-
bers of the International
Metalworkers’. Feder-
ation, have rejected
Seifsa’s wage offer of a
20 cents an hour in-
crease for unskilled
workers and 40 cents an
hour rise for artisans
‘and asked for further
talks with the employ-
ers.

However, the request
for further meetings has
been rejected by the em-
ployers. The wage
agreement is to be pre-

- sented to the Minister

for gazetting soon.

SOUTH AFRICA


MOZAMBIQUE

EFFECTS OF FAMINE IN TETE CITY
Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 10 Jun 84 p 2

[Excerpt] TETE--THEY have no choice--they have turned beggars. Immediately
they hear the defeaning sound of the 3 km long Zimbabwean truck convoy ap-
Proaching the town, old and young line the street begging for food and other
essential goods.

This is life in the once beautiful town of Tete, the capital of Tete province
in Mozambique.

Though surrounded by shanty townships the town centre is still attractivee.
Its buildings are unpainted, but neatly kept. The town sits astride both
banks of the Zambezi River with beautiful sand beaches and magnificent views--
but it has been gripped by hunger and its shops are empty.

Although there are no signs of death from hunger, hundreds of Mozambicans at
Tete, Moatize 20 km north and Zobue on the Malawi border spend most of their
time waiting for trucks from Zimbabwein order to beg for food, washing powder,
soap, cigarettes, toothpaste, shoes, clothes and other essentials.

The beggars not only include jobless villagers who trek all the way from their
villages but also respected civil servants, the twon folk, policemen and sol-

diers, some of the latter heavily armed with automatic rifles and bandoliers,

but barefooted,

Others who are too shy to beg offer to exchange Mozambican currency for either
Zimbabwean dollars or Malawian kwachas to buy commodities from the truck
drivers.

Those at Zobue mostly ask for Malawian currency to buy food across the border
at Mwanza inside Malawi.

The truck drivers who use the Nyamapanda-Tete-Zobue route also complain of
being harassed by people along the route begging for everything ranging from
food to clothes.

The once thriving coal mine at Moatize has long been closed down and hundreds
of people are without jobs.

40



surprise the reactionaries, who will be constrained continually to revise
their thinking, to postpone their criminal attack plans.

As long as we succeed in surprising the adversary, or rather the enemy, we
will be in a position of strength in relation to him. Or rather, by taking
into account the old bourgeois principle which says that "he who wants peace
should prepare for war," we should always keep the initiative and sometimes
dare to take bold initiatives within the strict framework of defending our
revolution, It is exactly that political and ideological lucidity that enabled
the revolution to succeed in its execution of the test alert of Tuesday 8 May
1984, which continues to spread desolation and whimpering in the enemy camp.
In a single stroke, we have succeeded in upsetting all of its current
strategy, thanks to the vigilance of the CNR, the CDR and the entire populace,
That is why it seems desirable for the people to remain mobilized and
organized on clear revolutionary foundations, in order to assure popular
defense against the internal and external enemy, While the military question,
that is security, is the number one priority at the moment, it is also only
the beginning. And all of the people must understand the good reasons behind
such a salutary task, and they should all make their own modest’ contribution
to the popular defense, by facilitating the work of the military comrades, and
by participating actively in the various tasks of the revolution, :

9515 ;
€S0:3419/700

126



such as the Tugela Valley was being destroyed. "Yet if we plan land consoli-
dation nearer to work opportunities for these people then the PFP, certain
newspapers and churches publicise it as an inhuman system of forced removals,"
Mr Volker said. He had nothing against Blacks using their farms in accord-
ance with the laws governing agricultural land but these areas were instead
used to accommodate thousands of people who did not want to stay closer to
work opportunities in the homelands or in White areas. Mr Volker said he was
in favour of Black urbanisation as long as it took place in an orderly fashion
and work opportunities were provided close to homelands or within them. It
was impractical for reasons such as water shortages to allow excess urbanisa—
tion in the Durban or Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging areas, he added.
[Text] {Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Jun 84 p 4]

JAILED CHILDREN--ALTOGETHER 3 415 children were imprisoned with their mothers
in 1983, the Minister of Justice, Mr Kobie Coetsee, said. Of these, 3 037
were Black, 11 White, 363 Coloured and four Asian, he said in written reply to
a question by Mr Dave Dalling (PFP Sandton). A total of 255 children were in
prison with their mothers on May 31, this year, Mr Coetsee added. [Text]
{Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Jun 84 p 4]

CHILDREN IN REFORMATORIES--A TOTAL of 971 children were in three reformatories
for Coloureds in South Africa at May 25, this year, the Minister of Internal
Affairs, mr F W de Klerk, said. Of these, 114 were in a reformatory for
girls. There was no reformatory for Asians in the republic, Mr De Klerk said
in written reply to a question from Mr Tian van der Merwe (PFP, Green Point).
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Jun 84 p 4]

WALVIS BAY 'FLOUNDERING'--WALVIS BAY is going through a period of "negative
growth" in it's economy according to Mr Nico Retief, Chairman of the town's
Management Comittee. "I am not saying Walvis Bay is doomed, but I would prob-
ably be misleading you if I said there was nothing to worry about". He said
the main problems were the collapse of the town's fishing industry and the
fact that economy in the town had not kept up with the rest of South Africa.
"Now that growh in the Republic has dropped to virtually below zero you can be
assured the tendency will have a compounded side-effect on this area", Mr Re-
tief maintained. He pointed out the fishing industry had declined from a time
when an average fleet of 80 or 90 vessels were sent out to the present maximum
of 20. Mr Retief said Perhaps more emphasis should be placed on "supportive
industries" which had also suffered as a result of the general decline. An-
other key figure in the town, Mr J J Wilken, the Town Clerk, suggested amongst
other things, Walvis Bay might become a free port and, in this way, benefit
both Namibia and SA. [Text] (Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jun 84

P 7]

GOODYEAR MODERNIZATION--GOODYEAR SA's R23m modernisation programme at its

Uitenhage plant, near Port Elizabeth, is well under way, says the company.

The programme includes the installation of machinery to manufacture Unisteel
radial truck tyres. The first batch of tyres is already undergoing tests and
the company says the first G-291 radial truck tyres will hit the market early
next year. The Unisteel co-ordinator, Mr Jim Moyer, says he is pleased with
results of tests already carried out on the tyres. "Imported G-291 and G-167

110



In his mind’s eye, he is a thorough-going
socialist and even a Marxist. Other
observers who know him well beg to differ.
They rather see him as a realist, inclined to

leration; they suspect that beneath the
Ngombale Mwiru of the. ultra-radical
rhetoric there is a centrist struggling to
come out. They are positive that when in
power it is to the centre rather than the left
that-he will move.

Ngombale Mwiru enjoys .a good
argument. He is an ‘effective, even a
Persuasive deSater, outdebating many of

is party peers, but there is a certain
hauteur about the man that leaves cold the
hearts of many a common man @

Use of Occult Questioned
London AFRICA NOW in English Jun 84 pp 64-66
"In the Witches' Grove with African Statesmen"]

(Article:

[Text] Some African statesmen make full use of fetishes which give them a
magical aura. But should witchcraft be used as a political weapon?

A weird word has gained currency in the
Tanzanian capital in the last few months:
-Ndumba, Dar es Salaam wags say that if you
know what Ndumba means then you are
well on the way to unlocking the mystery of
Edward Sokoine’s tragic death. They affirm
this with a peremptory certitude that throws
any alternative version well out of court.
The facts are not in dispute.

Sokoine, twice Prime Minister, was
travelling along the Morogoro-Dodoma
highway on April 12 when an oncoming,
fast-driven, heavy vehicle bashed into his
car. Sokoine was sitting at the rear. He
sustained multiple injuries and died
instantly. Police evidence and subsequent
autopsy point conclusively to death by
accident.

The Dar folks listen politely, voice their
doubts and especially frown at the
government's cold, matter-of-fact verdict
because it makes no gesture whatsoever to
Ndumba or occult forces which in the recent

ast have assumed such a high profile in

‘anzanian public life. If the evidence of the
folks is to be believed, Ndumba was
unleashed on Sokoine right at the beginning
of his Premiership.

Dares Salaam occult circles maintain that
Ndumba’s hosts first made contact with
Sokoine at the official residence at Msasani
back in 1977. Like their counterparts in the
spy world they have been lying down as
“sleepers” ready to leap to active service
when the summons tolled.

When they went on the offensive,
Sokoine was undefended, or in Dar's vivid
idiom, “improperly clad and just sittin,
there.” A family friend intervened through

the medium of a very well-known occultist.
The assailants retreated, regrouped and
launched a fresh attack before he had put up
his defences.

Sokoine capitulated and sought to resipn
his Premiership on grounds of ill-health, the
government said; on grounds of an occult
attack, his son told his schoolmates at a Dar
es Salaam primary school. That is how the
story of the occult drama in high places
spread and grew in embellishment with
every tale.

Therefore, when Sokoine agreed to serve
as Prime Minister for the second time in
1980, wags had long joined the occult
brotherhood to watch the unfolding
spectacular.

In the intitial months of his second term
they used to proclaim with relish: “Let
everybody beware that the Masai has come
back with Ndumba, the guardians of the
plains, the lakes and the wild mountains.”

For a long while, there was little to report
from the occult front. But these freelance
town criers lost none of their appetite for
what they billed to be a bloody encounter.
Sometimes they sustained ‘interest by
detecting a stalemate; that is when they
dismissed persistent inquirers about the
state of play with “they are still measuring
each other up,” always circumspect not to
reveal the identity of the other party.

Excitement rippled through when, within
a period of six months at the end of last year
and the beginning of this, Sokoine twice
went to Switzerland for medical treatment.
It was an open secret in Dar es Salaam that
he had begun to re-consult the occult at
about the same time. Consequently. when a

119



In any case, I think that those who celebrated and made merry were truly
imprudent,

For my part, I have always adhered to the wisdom of the old woman of Syracuse,
who wept great tears at the passing of a certain king. When someone asked her
why she was weeping so hard, she answered quite simply: "At least I knew him,
I do not know the one who is coming after him,"

Do you not think, dear cousin, that it is rather foolish for one to jump for
joy when one hears the bugles sound?

Alert Tests Degree of Popular Mobilization
Ouagadougou CARREFOUR AFRICAIN in French 11 May 84 pp 12, 13

[Text] A test alert was conducted on Tuesday 8 May 1984 at
0500 hours. A large part of Ouagadougou was awakened by the
City Hall siren, followed by the sound of automatic weapons
firing. To complete the realism of the test, the national
radio station stayed off the air for a certain time. This test
made it possible to assess the degree of public mobilization
to defend both themselves and the popular cause which, since 4
August, has been represented in Upper Volta by the CNR, It
also showed the strong and weak points of our neocolonial army
in its transitional phase,

According to the communique issued by the national secretary
general of the CDR [Committee for the Defense of the
Revolution], the test was conclusive. In less than 30 minutes,
all the militants of the RDP [Democratic People's Revolution],
soldiers as well as civilians, men and women, stepped forth
unhesitatingly to join up with their various municipal units
or the national secretariat of the CDR. All the elements of
the 15th people's vigilance brigade answered the call, and 75
percent of the CDR elements currently in training came to
their training center.

So, with all due respect to the internal and external
reactionaries who are trying to distort it by their many
machinations, this exercise gave meaning to the slogan, "The
fatherland or death, we will conquer."

The people showed that the defense of the fatherland is not
something that only involves a portion of the people (the
specialized armed forces); it involves all of the people, who
know how to defend their highest interests against all
aggressors, from whatever quarter. The people have chosen, and
they know where their happiness lies. Woe to destabilizers,
wherever they may be.

We publish below the reflections of our colleague, Ali Zerbo,
on the test alert,

Comrades:: Lenin once said that before anything else the revolution must be
able to defend itself. At a later time he added that today is too early, but

124



MOZAMBIQUE

Effects of Famine in Tete City
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 10 Jun 84) sesssevccccccecccccceseesocs

Briefs
Maputo Drought Relief
Refugees Return

NAMIBIA

Development Plans, Political System, Apartheid Criticized
(Editorial; WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 26 May 84) ..ssscceeseceses

Botha Offers To Let Others Take Over Country
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 11 Jun 84; RAND DAILY MAIL,
8 Jun 84) ...

Rot Said Setting In
Cartoon View

Budget Features Tax Increases
(Peter Kenny; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 14 Jun 84) ....+4-

Administrator General Warned on MPC Bill of Rights
(Editorial; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 15 Jun 84) .osceceee

DIE REPUBLIKEIN Reporting Rapped
(Editorial; WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 26 May 84) ..ssseecceceese

Briefs
German Now Official Language

NIGERIA

Association Wants Newspaper Prices Increased
(DAILY STAR, 8 Jun 84) scccseccecceecsseesos

‘Think Tank' Set Up To Develop Energy Policy
(DAILY TIMES, 2 Jun 84) seceeeee

Five in Court for Theft of Oil Worth Some 52 Million Naira
(DAILY TIMES, 2 Jun 84) ....e

NEW NIGERIAN, DAILY TIMES Get New Editors
(SUNDAY TRIUMPH, 10 Jun 84) ceccceeccccccccccnsescecccece

Former Rivers State Governor Jailed
(SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN, 10 Jun 84) .essceceecs

Meteorological Data Station To Be Set Up in North
(Omoghene Onojake; NEW NIGERIAN, 2 Jun B4) cecccccccccece

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SOUTH AFRICA

THREAT OF WIDESPREAD STARVATION INCREASES
Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 20 Jun 84 p 4
[Editorial: "A Scandal"]

[Text] THE people of Operation Hunger are not given to exaggerate their
claims. So the statement from their national manager, Mrs Ina Perlman that
about 100 000 children are likely to die of starvation in South Africa this
year, unless immediate supplies of food are donated to them, cannot be taken
lightly. '

Mrs Perlman made this urgent plea in this newspaper yesterday and said her
organisation was faced with a very desperate situation which had deteriorated
rapidly over the past few months.

She said the organisation needed something in the region of R350 000 minimum
per month, in cash or kind, to feed about 600 000 schoolchildren in the rural
areas of the Northern Cape, Free State, Kwa-Zulu and Northern Transvaal.

It is a staggering sum of money indeed, which immediately gives rise to the
question: How long will this bottomless well have to be filled? But more of
that anon. 7 .

Mrs Perlman told our reporter some hair-raising things. Among other things
she said: "The appeals I receive in letters and telephone calls are the most
pathetic, and unless I get a positive response from donors, I am afraid the
50 000 children who die of hunger every year can double this year.

"We need help and we need it immediately. I do not know what to do because
the number of destitute people is increasing by the day and this is worsened
by the fact that many people in the farms are being laid off because of the
drought we went through." . :

We are struck almost with terror by the stark picture of destitution Mrs Perl-
man gave. The situation, we believe, should be addressed even more broadly
than the mere cashing in of money.

Money is needed and desperately. We know Johannesburg: and other cities have
the kind of money-bags who could dispense with large sums--particularly if

103



NIGERIA

DISPOSING OF 100 TONS OF RICE CREATES 'DILEMMA' FOR FARM
Kaduna SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN in English 10 Jun 84 pp 1, 4
[Article by Emma Udoka]

[Text] As the controversy over importation of rice rages on, the Udubo Green
Farm at Azare in Bauchi State, is in a dilemma over how to dispose of 100
tonnes of "good quality" rice it harvested since last year.

The company that used to buy rice from the farm and mill it for sale--Riceco,
at Jos. Plateau State--closed down about five years ago.

The Chairman of Udubo Green Farm Limited, Alhaji Ibrahim Mohammed, told the
Sunday New Nigerian that the absence of another rice mill in the area has
rendered the huge rice yield from the 3,000 acre farm "virtually useless."

The Nigerian Grains Board in Bauchi, that used to buy unmilled rice from the
farm and sell it to farmers as seedlings has, instead, adopted "strange
measures" that have further defected the farm's efforts to sell its rice har-
vest.

According to Alhaji Ibrahim, the Grains Board is now insisting that the farm
should transport the 100 tonnes of rice from Azare to the Board's depot in
Bauchi--a distance of about 100 kilometres--at the farm's own expense. .

As if this was not enough disincentive, the Board has refused to underwrite
any risk during the transportation of the commodity to its depot.

Worse still for the farm, the Board says it has "no cash at hand" to buy the
quantity. of rice the farm wants to sell.

"That is why our 100 tonnes of rice are still crying for a buyer for nearly one
year now," Alhaji Ibrahim said.

Alhaji Ibrahim assessed the prices offered by the Grains Board to local rice
farmers and declared the prices "very poor."

“When we consider the cost of labour, machinery and chemicals, the prices of-
fered by the Grains Board are a loss to us," he said.

63



ADMINISTRATOR GENERAL WARNED ON MPC BILL OF RIGHTS

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 15 Jun 84 p 2

(Editorial:

[Text]

cso:

3400/2008

"Fundamental Rights"]

The Administrator General, who is the highest rul-
ing authority in this land, should take heed of the
Bill of Rights which was drawn up earlier this year
by the Multiparty Conference.

That Bill forbids the common southern African
practice of detention without trial.

Swanu, a pafty in the MPC, this week rightly
pointed out under Article 2 of the Bill, no person
shall be subject to arbitrary arrest or detention, or
be detained for an indefinite period of time without
a proper trial.

Of the 37 people taken into detention in a Police
swoop on a braaivleis last weekend, 34 have ap-
peared in Court and are to be charged.

But they still suffered the horrific experience of
arbitrary solitary confinement.

It appears some of the authorities were not hap-
py about the “timing” of the arrests, hence maybe
the hasty and stealthy night-time appearance in the

Windhoek Magistrate’s Court.

If the rulers of Namibia are to learn one lesson
from African history, it is that new rulers in in-
dependent countries have not tended.to repeal
repressive legislation.

It has so often turned upon those who instituted
the very legislation.

The Bill of Rights has been made. Don’t wait for
some evasive Parliament to pass it.

Apply it now. Otherwise it will join the perennial
ebb of wishful thinking.

The application of fundamental human rights
may, for some, be a painful business.

But it is less painful than an oppressive system
and the consequences which such a system reap.

49

NAMIBIA



ERGO ALLEGEDLY POLLUTING RIETSPRUIT RIVER

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 16 Jun 84 pill

[Text ]

cso:

THE Transvaal Division of Nature
Conservation might Prosecute Ang-
lo American’s reclamation plant,
Ergo, which is allegedly polluting
the Rietspruit River.

“If we can prove the effluent being
poured into the Rietspruit by Ergo is
detrimental to the environment, then we
will take action,” Dr Piet Mulder, Dep-
uty Director of Nature Conservation,
said yesterday.

He said that while Ergo might claim
the chemical level of its effluent was
within legal restrictions, this did not pre-
clude such action.

He said it was an offence to pour any
substance into a river that was harmful
to fish or plant life, even if the effluent
was within legal levels.

. Damage

The fines for such an offence were
heavy, but it would be difficult to prove
that damage to the environment had
been caused by the effluent. However,
the division would investigate.

The Transvaal branch of the Wildlife
Society of Southern Africa will also in-
vestigate the pollution of the river.

Mr Willie Labuschagne, the chairman
of the branch, said he would immedi-

ely refer the matter to the branch’s

1d utilisation sub-committee.

A spokesman for the
Division of Water Pollu-
tion at the Department of
Environment Affairs said
the situation the farmers
were complaining about
had existed since work at
the nearby Sallies Mine
first began.

3400/2010

98

Pumped

The only way to stop
the pollution would be to
close down Ergo, but
water from the old Sallies
Mine would still have to
be pumped into the Riet-
spruit, as had been done
for many years.

Research was in pro-
gress for a new method to
desalinate the water, and
the mines had been war-
ned that when it became
viable, they would have
touse it, he said.

Tests of the water in
the Rietspruit River
showed that the quality of
the water was slightly bet-
ter in 1982 than in 1974.

Salts

The problem reached
current proportions when
farmers along the river
started using overhead ir-
tigation methods, and the
salts fell on the leaves of
the crops, burning them,
the spokesman said,

A farmer on the Riets-
pruit, Mr E Delima, said
he had been forced to
move from another farm
higher up the Rietspruit
about 15 years ago be-
cause of the chemicals in
the water.

“Now I am facing the
same problem down-
stream near the Klip Riv:
er,” he said.

SOUTH AFRICA



GHANA

OBENG MANU'S CRITICISM OF PNDC, SUBSEQUENT ARREST DETAILED

London AFRICA NOW in English Jun 84 p 76

[Text]

Obeng Manu gave a press conference in his
home town of Sunyani on June 24, 1983. He
criticised the military government and
called for a referendum to determine the
form of government most suitable for
Ghana. A few days later he was arrested.

Obeng Manu is a lawyer with a practice at
Sunyani, in the Brong-Ahafo region. Born
in about 1944, he is a long-standing
opponent of military governments. He was
prominent in the opposition to General
Ignatius Acheampong’s proposed Union

jovernment scheme in 1977-8.

During the civilian government of Dr
Hilla Limann, between September 1979
and December 1981, Obeng Manu was the
secretary of a minor political party, the
Third Force. On December 31 1981,
Limann’s government was overthrown by a
military coup and replaced by the
Provisional National Defence Council
(PNDC), chaired by Flight-Lieutenant J. J.
Rawlings. All political parties were
abolished.

On June 19 1983, armed opponents of the
PNDC tried to overthrow the government.
Many of the attackers were political
detainees who had ecaped from Ussher Fort
prison. Forces loyal to the PNDC succeeded
in defeating the attack. It was five days after
these events that Obeng Manu gave his
press conference.

At the press conference Obeng Manu
described Rawlings as “my personal friend”
for whom he had “the highest regard.” He
thought that Rawlings was justified in his
first coup in 1979 when he overthrew the
Supreme Military Council and quickly
returned the country to civilian rule.

Obeng Manu added: “When it comes to
overthrowing a freely and popular elected

overnment like that of Dr Hilla Limann,
jowever, I have my reservations.”

23

He pointed out that in 1979, as chairman
of the Armed Forces Revolutionar’
Council, Rawlings signed the decree whic!
Promul ated the Constitution of Ghana’s

ird Republic — a constitution which
Rawlings and his PNDC colleagues later
overturned. :

The 1979 Constitution, Obeng Manu
said, included the following provision: “All
citizens of Ghana shall have the right to
resist any person or group of persons
seeking to abolish the Constitutional order
as established by this Constitution should
no other remedy be possible.”

Obeng Manu went on to advocate a
referendum as the only democratic way for
the people of Ghana to deliver their verdict
on the PNDC.

In his statement, Obeng Manu
particularly criticised PNDC Law 42 “which
gives all legislative, executive, judicial and
administrative powers to one man,
chairman of the PNDC.””

He added: “I admire the ingenuity and
craftiness of the lawyers who drafted the
PNDC Law 42, but I cannot at the same time
help feeling that such a masterpiece is
equally an indictment on the legal
profession and an eternal monumental
shame on the present and future
generations of lawyers.”

In late June Obeng Manu was arrested.
He was well-treated at first but, according
to a source who was a senior government
official at that time, he was severely beaten
after being transferred to Accra.

Several hundred people were detained at
the same time, including leading members
of organisations or groups which had

criticised the government, such as the
Ghana Bar Association, the Association of
Recognised Professional Bodies (ARPB)
and the Free Press newspaper. Most of.the



GHANA

GOVERNMENT ACQUIRES MAJORITY SHARES IN TWO SALT FIRMS
Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 2 Jun 84 p 1

[Text] THE Government has decided to acquire the majority shares in the two
salt producing companies operating in the Ada area to provide a permanent
solution to the problems of salt production the area.

The firms are Vacuum Salt Products Limited and the Star Chemical Industries
Limited, operating in Songor Lagoon area.

A statement signed by Mr Ato Dadzie, Secretary at the PNDC Secretarial said
yesterday that the state acting through shareholding banks and other financial
institutions would hold majority shareholding adding to not less 51 percent in
each of the companies.

The board of directors of the two companies will therefore be reconstituted to
reflect the new shareholding, but the management of the companies should
revert to their orinal managers, it said.

It said that these measures had been taken to ensure effective management of
the salt producing enterprises in the area whilst at the same time seeking to
protect the broader public interest of the salt industry in the interest of
the national economic recovery.

To enable the payment of compensation to the people of Ada in respect of land
acquired by the state through Executive instrument 57 of 1975 it has been
decided that a special development fund be established into which the compen-
sation due shall be paid.

According to the statement the fund is to be administered by the district
council for the area under the general supervision of the Greater Accra Re-
gional Administration.

With the acquisition of majority shares by the state in the two companies it
has been decided that Executive Instrument 10 of 1980 by which the Government
acquired the area the unexpired terms of the lease granted to the two compan-
ies be revoked.

19



VEHICLE SALES INCREASED IN MAY

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 13 Jun 84 p 1

[Article by David Furlonger]

[Text] MOTORISTS buying to beat the July

cso:

1 GST increase sent vehicle sales

rocketing to near-record levels in
May.

Total sales were 41 788, just short of the
all-time high of 41894 in June 1982. Car
sales, at 28 471, were only 36 short of the
record. .

May’s car sales compared to 24 584 in April and
21 134 in May last year. Sales of light commercial
vehicles increased from April’s 9692 to 11 550,
medium commercial vehicles from 578 to 636 and
heavy vehicles from 1 022 to 1131.

* Manufacturers all agree that the sharp in-
crease is due to the dmminent GST rise to 10%.
Mr Colin Adcock, head of the manufacturers’
organisation, Naamsa, which compiles the sales
figures, said: “Without doubt, the GST factor is
the cause. It can be seen quite clear! , not only in
the private sector but also in the fleet sector.

“And June could “possibly be even better, with

car sales topping 30 000.”

snaet fideock said gales Would inevitably drop
arply in July and August, “but then they sI ould

rationalise once more y

Toyota again dominated the market, selling a
total of 9 215 vehicles in May, ahead of Ford with
6311 and General Motors on 5 203,

Toyota Corolla continued to show a clean
pair of wheels to the rest of the car sector, selling
3391 units in May.

With the Cressi selling another 2 322, Toyota
took a 20,3% share of this market, followed by
Ford on 16%, Sigma 12,1% and General Motors

The second biggest individual seller was the
Ford Sierra, with 2 635 sales. The Cressida was
third, the Nissan Langley fourth with 1 679 and
the Ford Escort fifth with 1654.

Nissan was the only major manufacturer to
show a drop in sales last month. Car sales were
down 29,8% to 2.744 from 3912 in April. Sales of
the popular Skyline plummeted from'1 265 to 636
and the Langley from 2.066 to 1679.

3400/2010

Nissan's marketing Manager, Mr Brian
Wegner, blamed the fij ‘es on “exceedingly
high” previous demand for the vehicles,

“Reaction to our recent intense marketin,
campaign exceeded hopes and we ran out of
stocks of Skylines, Pulsars and Langleys.”

The company had also sold out of 1 400cc bak-
kies, its one-tonner Tange and the new six-cylin-
der Cabstar.

“Demand has simply exceeded supply,” Mr
Wegner said. “With the launch of so Many new
models in two months, we anticipated problems,
but not to this extent.”

Toyota’s marketing director, Mr Brand Pre-
torius, said the May car sales total of 28 471 was
only 36 short of the June 1982 all-time record of

“The 34,7% increase over May 1983 and the
15,8% growth over April’s figures reflect the pre-
GST buying spree. Both company fleets and pri-
vate buyers are rushing to buy and the only
sector of the market which is not reacting is for
the heavy trucks.

“Obviously the tempo will drop in July and
August when the new tax rate comes into effect.

“I expect sales to be down by about 25%,
compared to May and June. However, if we
average out the May to August period, we see no
reason to revise our forecasts and by September
the market should be back to a normal level.”

Mr Pretorius said the industry stood by its
forecasts that 292 000 Passenger cars would
Sold this year, 122 000 light commercials, 7 000
medium commercials and 14 500 heavy trucks.
To the end of May, respective totals were 126 799,
53 081, 2812 and 5 692,

In the light commercial sector, Toyota contin-
ued to lead last month with a 274% share from
3 162 sales. GM displaced Nissan to move into
second spot with 19,9% from 2295 sales, while
Nissan achieved 18,5% and Ford 145%,

Sigma continued to lead the medium commer-
cial sector with 252 sales and 39,6%.

The truck market remained depressed, with
May’s total of 1 131 aetually 4% down on May last
year. Mercedes-Benz retained its place as mar-

et leader.

102



CSO:

3400/2006

| In procuring imported food
items have alienated a number
of people, it can also be sald that
the attitude of some executives
of the shops has contributed to
the present stalemate. Instead of
the people in the community en-
joying the feeling that the shops
belong to them, only a few
power-brokers want to take the
decisions at all times. it is our
view that If the PDCs open up
and admit all the community
views in the formulation of poli-
cies, the foundation would have
been laid for real people’s ow-
nership.
Secondly, it is time members of the var-
ious communities adopted a system
whereby food products from back-yard
gardens or farms could be sold through
the People’s Shops. In this way, we
would not only be building confidence
in OUR OWN shops, we would at the
same time be giving pride of place to
our home-grown products. Chances of
buying and selling these items at
cheaper prices apart, we shall be
building a healthier community on
locally-grown vegetables and fruits.
is our view, above all else, that the
responsibility for making the People’s
Shop concept a reality does not lie with
PDCs alone. Every Ghanaian who has
the well-being of his community at
heart should attend meetings and
make the new system work. It is only
through stronger community participa-
tion that we can exercise our God-
given democratic rights.

t

31



to modify legislation concerning development of inventions. He told about the
following products developed in the national interest: advanced mini-computers
which for various reasons were difficult to obtain and thus were of strategic
significance; passive electronic identification systems for train car
identification, underground train control and safety applications; these
systems have a great export potential; a high-energy battery to power road
vehicles which could lead to significant fuel savings in the future. Dr De
Villiers said that the stage has now been reached at which the state can no
longer provide all of the funds necessary for the corporation to achieve its
full potential. The bill makes provisions for the corporation to obtain
additional funding in the financial markets: [Text] [Capetown DIE BURGER in
Afrikaans 14 Feb 84 p 4] 12571 ©

REGISTERED COLORED VOTERS-~A total of 669,913 coloreds had been registered as
voters by the end of 1983, the minister of internal affairs, Mr F.W. de Klerk,
stated during a question and answer period in parliament. Mr De Klerk said
that no plans are being considered to hold a general registration of colored
voters due to the time factor and the minimal results to be obtained from such
a procedure. It also would be very expensive in terms of time and manpower.
According to the information he gave, political parties are actively involved
in registering voters. That is an effective way to assure that voters who
actually intend to vote will be registered, Mr De Klerk said. [Text]
[Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 4 Feb 84 p 8] 12571

BLACK STUDENT EXAMINATIONS--Of the 76,617 blacks who registered for the
National Senior Certificate Examination last year, 72,168 took the
examination, 34,876 passed, 37,292 failed, and 7,108 were granted free
matriculation, the minister of education and training, Mr Barend du Plessis,
stated during a question and answer period in parliament. [Text] [Capetown
DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 4 Feb 84 p 8] 12571

CSO: 3401/57

112



EX-FIGHTERS SWORN IN AS MAGISTRATES

Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 9 Jun 84 p 3

[Text]

CSO:

TWO former ZANLA com-
batants, one of them a
“platoon commander” were

among three new magis-.

trates sworn in at a cere
mony in the Harare regional
court yesterday.

They are Mr Tandaridze
Ignatius Mugowa (26), Mr
Frank Kanenvenye (26),
and Mr Charles Kunofiwa
Hungwe.

Swearing in the new
magistrates, the Chief
Magistrate, Mr Misheck
Cheda, said: “The three of
you Fave chosen a career
which calls for a great
sense of responsibility. You
will find that you now
wield considerable power
and jurisdiction over the
liberty of other people.

“The consequences of
your verdicts and sentences
can have far-reaching ef-
fects on the persons that
appear before you.”

Warning them to be im-
partial Mr Cheda said: “Not
all cases that come before
you will be interesting. You
will in most cases be called
upon to exercise a lot of
patience with ‘difficult wit-
nesses and sometimes dif-
ficult lawyers,”

Mr Mugowa was born in
Bikita district. He did his

3400/1098

133

O-levels at Silveira mission
before going to Mozambique
in 1978 where he trained
with ZANLA forces.

After Independence, he
took up a magistrates’
course and joined the Min-
istry of Justice at the end
of 1981. Mr Kanenyenye
attended Kudzanayi Prim-
ary School and Highfield
“Secondary _ School. He

. Studied privately to obtain

an, Avlevel certificate. He
joined the Ministry of
Justice in 1980.

Mr Hungwe, a former
ZANLA “platoon com-
mander’ ‘who operated
during the war of liberation
in Matabeleland South: was
born in Chibi communal
lands and went to Berejena
Primary School and Dadaya
Secondary School.

He Ieft for Mozambique
to join the _ liberation
struggle, a day after he had
written the last exami:
nation paper in 1978,

After military training in
Mozambique, Be was de-
ployed in Matabeleland
South where he operated
until ceasefire. He joined
the Ministry of Justice in
September 1980.

ZIMBABWE



NIGERIA

FIVE IN COURT FOR THEFT OF OIL WORTH SOME 52 MILLION NAIRA
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 2 June 84 pp 1, 24

[Text] FIVE persons were on Wednesday arraigned before a Port Harcourt High
Court presided over by the Rivers Chief Judge, Mr. Justice Donald Graham-
Douglas, for allegedly attempting to lift crude oil valued at N52.6 million.

The state's deputy director of public prosecutions, Mr. Ibinabo Inkotariah,
gave the names of the accused persons as Williams Ajebon and Donald Amadi who
are businessmen resident in Lagos, Moses Odubiyi of NNPC, Frank Chizea and
Raphael Essien of Shell Nigeria Ltd.

Testifying in the case, a general manager of Nigeria National Petroleum Cor-
Poration, NNPC, Mr. Odoliyi Lolomari, said that the illegal attempt to sell
over two million barrels of the crude oil was planned by Shell London with
some linksmen in Shell Nigeria, the NNPC and the department of Customs and
Excise.

He said that the act would have been committed between January and April 1981
when an unanthorised customer known as Atlas Oil Company arrived the Bonny oil
terminal before he was alerted about the illegal oil deal.

Mr. Lolomari further said that he had to report the incident to the National
Security Organisation which swung into action and foiled the attempt, adding
that he had set up a panel to investigate the brain behind the deal.

He added that panel's report revealed that Shell Nigeria was heavily involved
in the ill-fated oil transaction.

Testifying earlier, a clerk with the Shell Petroleum Lagos, Mr. Nurudeen Dada,
said that one of the accused, Chizea gave him two letters with NNPC letter
headings to register on April 9, 1981 and that Chizea took back the original
copies after he had photocopied and registered them.

He further said that the secretary to Chizea at about 2.p.m. on the same day
brought two other letters to him for registration and that he discovered they
were replies to the earlier letters.

Mr. Justice Graham-Douglas adjourned the case to June 9 to enable the counsel
for defence study the report by the Lolomari panel which was tendered in
court.

cso: 3400/1069
55



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

BLACK DROPOUTS--MORE than 20 percent of the University of Zululand's first-
year students dropped out last year, the Minister of Education and Training,
Mr Barend du Plessis, said. He was asked by Mr Ken Andrew (PFP, Gardens) to
enumerate how many first-year students at Black universities had dropped out
or failed outright during 1982 and 1983. The highest number of students who
dropped out came from the University of Zululand, 268 or 20,3 percent of the
first-year class, and from Vista University, 406 or 12,4 percent. Mr Du
Plessis said the total number of first-year dropouts from South Africa's five
Black universities rose from 458 in 1982 to 906 in 1983. The number of stu-
dents who failed all their first-year subjects increased from 430 to 622.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 16 Jun 84 p 4)

COLORED PUPILS--THE Government did not intend phasing out Coloured farm
schools, the Minister of Internal Affairs, Mr F W de Klerk, said in a written
reply to a question from Mr Roger Burrows (PFP Pinetown). Mr De Klerk added
that at present there were 87 574 Coloured pupils at the country's primary and
it farm schools. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 16 Jun 84
p4

CUSTOMS UNION--UMTATA--South Africa was vacillating in requesting that Trans-
kei be admitted to the customs union with Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland
(BLS), the Transkei Minister of Finance, Mr Sidney Qaba, said yesterday. Mr
Qaba told the National Assembly in Umtata the Republic had undertaken to ap-
proach the BLS States for Transkei's admission. Before Independence, Transkei
had entered into a bilateral agreement with South Africa on the customs union,
but the Republic was vacillating. "This is an intolerable situation and South
Africa must realise that life cannot subsist in society but by the reciprocal
concessions. I feel constrained to register the strongest objection to the
manner in which our former mother country is treating us. This type of be-
haviour is contributing to the non-recognition of Transkei," Mr Qaba said.
({Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jun 84 p 12]

TRIBAL SYSTEM SCORED--THE more Black people clung to the system of tribal
possession of land the more impoverished they would become, Mr Val Volker (NP,
Klip River) said yesterday. Despite this, the question of removals of people
from "Black spots" was publicised as an emotional issue to the detriment of
South Africa's image overseas, he said during debate on the second reading of
the laws on Co-operation and Development Amendment Bill. Tribal land in areas

109



ZULU KING CALLS FOR UNITY
Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 15 Jun 84 p 7

[Text] THE Zulu people are more divided today than ever,
King Zwelithini said in the KwaZulu Legislative As-
sembly in Ulundi this week.

‘Welcoming Dr Cedric Phatudi, the Chief Minister
of Lebowa to KwaZulu, King Zwelithini said:
“Looking at our fatherland as it stands today, I find
that our people are more divided than ever.

“The seeds of such division are deliberately sown
by the whites,” he said.

“The whites of the country are composed of a
number of different nationalities. These whites are
not forgetful of the fact that they acquired this land
from our forefathers by force of arms. For that rea-
son they found it expedient to unite and form a gov-
ernment of national unit po
for themselves to the x. Communists
clusion of all blacks. 7

The king said a time
when blacks began to
“see things eye to eye”
had come with the for-
mation of the African
National Congress in
1912 which had done
much to unite the
blacks.

“It was, therefore, a
misfortune when the
ANC was ultimately in-
filtrated by communists,
which resulted in at-
tempts to overthrow the
existing white state by
force. It is common
knowledge that these at-
tempts resulted in

He said the whites — charges of treason, ban-
realised that the type of nings, deportations and
unity brought about by the banning of congress
the ANC spelt danger, itself,” the King said.
but, what the ANC had King Zwelithini_said
done to stop our dis- the South African Black
crimination between the = Ajliance still offered
different races in the — hope that a better future
country was praisewor- _ would yet be secured for
thy. them.

cso: 3400/2010

73

SOUTH AFRICA



UNDEFINED BOUNDARIES CAUSE LAND DISPUTES
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 31 May 84 p 1
[Article by Nelson Duah]

[Text]

THE Stool Lands Boundaries Settlement
Commissioner, Mr Justice F. T. C. Amorin,
has attributed the numerous land disputes
in the country to undefined boundaries of
the various traditional areas.

He said because the boundaries are not
defined, there are increasing cases of trespass-
ing of people from one traditional area to
another, thereby creating conflicts which so-
metimes end in loss of human lives.

Mr Justice Amorin, who was speaking to the
“Graphic” in an interview at his office at the
State House in Accra yesterday, requested that
the Stool Lands Boundaries Settlement Com-
mission should be given the power to make
declaration of ownership of areas where a
boundary has been determined.

The Commissioner said the power of decla-
ration of ownership which has been vested in
the courts “prolongs land litigations in the
country.” .

Asked if it would not be more convenient for
the ministerial control of the Commission to be
transferred from the Ministry of Lands and
Natural Resources to the Attorney-General’s
Office, Mr Justice Amorin said he would not
have any objection to such a change.

He noted that he would prefer that the
Commission is brought under the Attorney-
General's Department which is the law office to
enable it to deal swiftly with all legal technica-
lities.

Mr Justice Amorin yenewed his appeal for
the setting up of the Stool Lands Boundaries
Appeal Tribunal because of the many appeals
pending before the Stool Lands Boundaries
Settlement Commission.

cso: 3400/2014

25

GHANA



cso:

3400/2010

uncompromising leader. So vote for
John Vorster!

When friendly Ronnie Reagan re-
placed Jimmy Carter in 1981, it be-
came a little difficult to maintain
this picture of an East-West “total
onslaught” against us. But the slogan
‘was too good to lose, so it simply un-
derwent a slight mutation.

What emerged was a new kind of
“total onslaught” — total now in the

“sense that it was being directed

against us, not by all countries, but at
all levels.

With the United States no longer a
co-assailant, communist Russia re-
mained as the one big gogga. But it
was directing its onslaught against us
at every level of our national life —
political, economic, spiritual, educa-
tional, psychological, indeed across
the total spectrum of human activity.

And,.if you remember, we were
warned that if we were to withstand
this total onslaught we would need a
“total strategy” to counter it at every
level on which it was operating.

* Which was everywhere.

That, of course, meant consenting
to Big Brother sticking his nose into
everything, into church affairs, stu-
dent affairs, the lot. And giving the
military a say in the affairs of every
Government department. It also
meant agreeing to a new constitution
that will install an executive presi-
dent with dictatorial powers.

‘We were conned a second time.

Now the new accords with coun-
tries like Mozambique and Angola
have rendered this second version of
the “total onslaught” as empty as
Reagan’s victory did the first one, so
it has slipped out of use for the mo-
ment. But with an audience as gull-
ible as this one, it surely can’t be for
long.

91



BOTSWANA

OPPOSITION BNF WOULD LIKE ONE-PARTY STATE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Jun 84 p 9

3400/1099

GABORONE. — The
opposition Botswana Nat-
ional Front (BNF) was a
Marxist party which was
bent on the imposition of
@ one-party state in Bo-
tswana, the Botswana
Foreign Minister, Mr
Archibald Mogwe, said at
a political rally of the rul-
ing Botswana Democratic
Party yesterday in Gabo-
Tone.

Mr Mogwe said if the
BNF was given the
chance to rule, the party
would introduce a divide-
and-rule system because
according to the party’s
literature, it would devel-
op Botswana along tribal
lines in which people
would be regrouped
under chiefs as tribal
leaders.

He said even if his par-
ty won all the constitu-
encies in the election, Bo-

tswana would still remain
amulti-party democracy.

He noted that most
countries in Africa had
adopted a one-party sys-
tem under socialism and
the BNF would not be an
exception.

Mr Mogwe said there
was peace and stability in
Botswana because the
government was popular-
ly elected by the people
and so there was no enmi-
ty between the govern-
ment and the people. In
many countries, Mr
Mogwe said, there was no
freedom of association,
speech, movement and
worship.

The BNF is led by Dr
Kenneth Koma, the hold-
er of a doctorate in politi-
cal science from the uni-
versity of Moscow.



SOUTH AFRICA

"ECONOMIC COMMUNITY OF AZANIA' PROPOSED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 11 Jun 84 p6

[Article by Ron Schurink]

[Text] This article is by Ron Schurink, who was a senior member of the SABC
economics desk for 12 years. He resigned this year over an article published

in a Johannesburg morning newspaper which the SABC said he should not have
submitted without its permission. He is joining a public relations consultancy.

June is here again, and with it black
plans to commemorate June 1976 and
white — and black — apprehension
over the confrontation that those
plans might lead to. Even before the
month began, the offices and homes of
TMmembers of the Azanian People’s Or-
ganisation were searched by the secu-
rity police. Rumours abound ...

It's a familiar situation, and it will
remain so each year until the poten-
tial power of both blacks and whites is
brought into balance in a rationalised
set-up in South Africa.

If considerable change is not
planned, the inevitably rising power
of blacks will achieve its own accom-
modation through confrontation, prob-
ably violent confrontation. And it’s
quite apparent and generally conced-
ed that since the new constitution ig-
nores the aspirations of blacks living
within white South Africa’s boun-
daries, it doesn’t come anywhere near
being the sort of change that is

The tens of thousands of whites
who are involved in the education
and training of blacks, and in serv-
ing them in other ways, are an elo-
quent testimony that whites know
what is their duty in the modern
world towards those who, willy-nilly,
are inhabitants of the same territory.
But, except to the minimal degree re-
presented by the independent and self-
governing national states, they fail to
transplant that duty into the political

74

arena because it appears that then
their own status, security and wellbe-
ing will be downgraded. .

We need to find a new system for
the country which will give the lie
to that feeling. And also therefore to
the appeal which nationalist thinking
has on both sides (so that both Mr Eu-
gene Terre’Blanche of the AWB and
Mr Lybon Mabasa of Azapo are able
to gather followers).

Since we are still so close to the
“arrival” of the Afrikaners at national
statehood in 1961, and blacks have not
yet undergone what most of them
would feel is a similar experience, it
is not surprising that people else-
Where are ahead of us in pioneering
further stages of socio-political de-
velopment.

The people of western Europe may
not yet have made of the EEC what
its founders hoped for. But they have
Pioneered economic supranationalism
and that is something that we, in our
Position, should look at very closely,

A few years ago, the EEC’s Philo-
sophical parent body, the Club of
Rome, commissioned a study to help
societies anywhere to become more
effective. The introduction to that now
published study “Road Maps to the
Future”, has these sentences:

“What happens in Europe can, in
fact, be highly instructive for those,
in other parts of the the world, who
are confronted with the task of in-



3400/2010

The Americans want the Cubans out, just as
much as we do. But so far Angola and its
allies have objected to the linking of the Cu-
ban issue to a settlement.

Hardened

South Africa’s attitude to the Cubans has now
hardened. Mr Pik Botha said in Western
Europe: “The question of their withdrawal is
now not only linked to the peaceful settle-
ment of the Namibia question but South
Africa, asa regional power, demands it.”

In his travels abroad, Mr P W Botha told
heads of government that South Africa
would withdraw from South West Africa
within two months if one or more of the
Western Five countries took over the territo-
ty’sadministration and defence.

The territory costs us R658-million a year —
and that does not include the amount needed
to defend it.

Not surprisingly, there were no takers for the
offer by South Africa to pull out if any other
Western country is prepared to take over.
Mrs Margaret Thatcher, the British Prime

_ Minister, told Mr Botha: “You are an opti-
mist.”

It’s far easier for the Western contact group to
say give South West Africa its independence
under UN Resolution 435 and to heck with
the problem of supporting it financially.

Who would provide anything like R658-mil-
lion a year when South Africa finally pulls
out?

You know what the answer to that is. Nobody.
Easy to criticise. Easy to demand. Far harder
todosomething.

Meanwhile, Swapo continues its terrorist at-
tacks in northern South West Africa, with
the latest outrage the setting off of two pow-
erful explosives that wrecked a hardware
shop at Ondangwa.

There has been a whole string of bomb at-
tacks, including one which killed two Ameri-
can officials. ..

These attacks are in accordance with the
threat by Swapo leader, Mr Sam Nujoma, to
“take the war to the doorstep of city dwell-
ers.”

Thus we have to continue our defence of
South West Africa against Swapo terrorists,
just as we have to continue our administrat-
ion of the territory, until such time as all con-
ditions for a settlement are achieved. ‘

80



COMMENTARY ON SAVIMBI'S GROWING STRENGTH

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 13 Jun 84 p 10

[Text]

How soon will the Russians and their
Cuban friends give up Angola as a lost
cause and get out — or at least scale
down their presence — while they can
still do so without indecent haste?
Quite soon perhaps, some Africa-
watchers in West German Govern-

ment and institutions are
starting to think — if South Africa
does not overplay its hand.

‘There is a new conviction in Bonn
that Unita leader Dr Jonas Savimbi
is becoming a serious threat to the
MPLA regime of Mr Eduardo dos
Santos in Luanda. And this has late-
ly been reinforced by signals that Mo-
Scow is seriously considering its wan-
ing influence in Southern and Central
Africa.

Dr Savimbi was initially viewed
by most West Europeans as purely
a South African mercenary stooge.
Under Chancellor Helmut Schmidt's
left-liberal coalition, Bonn had pre-
viously opened an embassy in Luan-
da, which remains an invaluable lis-
tening post. wt

All but the most right wing Ger-
man analysts still think that under
charismatic founder-President Agos-
tinho Neto, the MPLA had enough
battlefield legitimacy to brush aside
Savimbi and the now defunct FNLA’s
Holden Roberto to take over Luanda
without democratic elections in 1975.

But if Neto was the undoubted pop-
ular leader before his death in a Mo-
‘scow hospital in the late 1970s, his col-
ourless successor has now been fought
and bombed into a corner by Savimbi.

So many Angolans who formed
Neto’s grassroots support are lying
of hunger and guerilla turmoil that
even those outside areas controlled
or at the mercy of Unita raids must

now be uncertain MPLA supporters
at the best.

German analysts now tend to re-
gard Savimbi not only as a redoubt-
able politician and military com-
Mander, but’ as very much his own

man.

In fact, they wonder whether South
Africa might not be in for a surprise if
Savimbi takes over in Luanda. They
pocdie Might then unfold an unex-
pectedly tough brand of African na-
tionalism, unhampered by the tinge of
Marxist ideology that has always
made the MPLA an unwelcome part-
ner in rightwing American and Euro-
pean eyes.

A previously unpublished German
Foreign Office assessment based on
Luanda Embassy observations
summed up:

“Unita strategy aims to weaken the
Angolan Government and force it to
negotiate...Unita actions have
caused the Government to harden its
position. Its dependence on Eastern
bloc military aid and Cuban troops
has increased, which is not in Western
interests and, in the final analysis, not
in South Africa’s interest.”

If South Africa is still giving lo-
gistical or other support to Savimbi,
it should now stop, German analysts
conclude. This message is strength-
ened by signs that Moscow is
seriously considering an Angolan
disengagement before the MPLA’s
situation worsens still further.

Evidence of this came in an inter-
view given to the French magazine
Jeune Afrique last month by Anatoli
Gromyko, son of the Soviet Foreign
Minister and a leading Kremlin ex-
pert on Africa. 7

Sources in Bonn interpret the in-

ANGOLA



On the possibility of the Government deciding not to produce offshore gas, Mr
Ironside said: "As long as it was cheap for the Americans to buy oil from
other countries, they had a policy of limiting output of local fields."

What P W Thinks

THE Prime Minister, Mr P W Botha, said in Vienna yesterday that an oil find
would get the world more interested in South Africa.

"I would like to say no more than that we hope to find oil because then I
think the world will get more interested in us."

CSO: 3400/2010

108



cso:

3400/2010

This was a whole new ball game, with South
Africa taking the initiative to determine
events, not by military action, but by the
strength of its own position in the region. _

Thus, when the Prime Minister toured West-
em Europe, he did not have to be on the
defensive, trying to excuse his country’s
racial policies, or justify constitutional re-
form that excludes the Blacks.

He could talk of the development needs of
Souther Africa, and especially of Mozambi-
que, confident that he had the right to speak
not just for South Africa but for its neigh-
bours.

Foreign Minister Pik Botha could say of the
Cubans: “They must go, fair or not, that’s it.
We are a regional power. It is our region and
we want to play a stabilising role... We
have the power and the means to demand a
Cuban withdrawal.”

Clearly, the ‘message to Western Europe is
that nothing can be done in the subcontinent
without South Africa’s involvement and
without South A frica’s blessing.

There are, naturally, dangers in stressing our
regional power, since we can descend into a
state of euphoria.

Quite a lot can go wrong. The peace initiative
has replaced the “total onslaught”, as the
main preoccupation, but that does not mean
our military preparedness can be reduced.

All the talk of peace, and how ‘strong we are,
raises a very human counter-redction: “Why
should our young men be called up for-two
years, why should we have a Dad’s Army,
why should we continue to spend such huge
amounts on defence, why should we be an
armed State like Israel?”

The answer is that peace is built on the foun-
dations of our military’ strength. To reduce
our defence'effort at this point would be to
play into the hands of our enemies who
would say: “South Africa is not as strong as it
was. Why bother to come to terms with it?
We can now resume our terrorist and mili-
tary pressures and threats.”

Besides, we have so many internal problems to
resolve that any idea that our troubles are
over is an illusion.

Nevertheless, that Black Africa and the West
now know that we are a country to be reck-
oned with in regional terms is something that
Vill help ts*4n“brivigitg about changes in
Sbiithein Afiied =" changes in WHER Ge Wal
have a determining role.

78



they can get something out of it. We do not believe any company or organisa-
tion would stoop so low as to try and gain mileage out of this misery. We
need to help and immediately--with no strings attached. The people of the

cities will no doubt come out fairly strongly in support of Operation Hunger.
And about time too.

All these things are likely to happen before this week is very old.

Still, we believe while money is despreately needed we need to do something
more about this dreadful scandal. We believe the situation should go further
than simple financial aid, The problems of the homelands and the urban areas
are monsters created by politicians. Our silence and our inaction in seeing
that these structures are brought down make us accessories to this terrible
shame. A country as potentially viable and Presently sound as South Africa
should never have so many children dying of hunger. It is a shame and a

scandal and our crazy socio-politico-economic system is responsible for this
disaster. :

CSO: 3400/2010

104


BID FOR DEARER FERROCHROME ANGERS JAPAN
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 14 Jun
{Article by Geoffrey Murray]

[Text] -

TOKYO — Recent contacts be-
tween Japanese buyers and
South African ferrochrome pro-
ducers have indicated a delicate
stage has been reached in the
push by Japan’s main foreign
suppliers for higher prices.

The Japanese are becoming
increasingly unhappy at the way
the ferrochrome price has grad-
ually risen since December.

Industry reports indicate they
are particularly angry over the
formation in Italy recently of a
Chromium Institute by world
chromium producers, which is
seen in Tokyo as nothing more
than an international price car-
tel.

There have been hints that
companies which take the lead
in trying to force prices higher
‘on the world market will be at a
disadvantage in dealing with
Japan in future.

Import prices here have
gained around 5c a pound cif in
the past six months.

The next negotiations cover
July-September, when a price of
44c is generally believed likely
to prevail — although industry
sources in Tokyo claim Saman-
cor is looking at 45c, while
other South African exporters

cso: 3400/2010

84 p 13M

are considering 47¢ or even
more.

Top executives of CMI and
MSA have had talks with Japa-
nese users over the past week or
so, but the Japanese side
claimed no mention was made
of any price for the next three
months.

Attention is now turning to
Gencor, whose group marketing
director, Mr GV Cooper, is ex-
pected in Tokyo on June 18.

The reluctance of the South
Africans to discuss price has
been noted. i

One respected industrial jour-
nal suggested this was based on
fear of appearing as “radicals”
— leading the movement for
higher prices which could gen-
erate a Japanese “counterat-
tack” when demand slows and it
becomes a buyer's market.

Yet Tokyo opinion is that for
the rest of this year the world
market is reckoned to be relati-
vely “Bullish.”

The journal also suggested the
South African firms were un-
willing to get into dispute with
Japaneser users who were said
to be “disgusted” by the price
increases forced upon them
since the October-December
period of last year.

89

SOUTH AFRICA



FRCN: The Governoring Board of FRCN is headed by Malam Yahaya Abubakar.
Members:

Mrs. Therest Bowyer,

Alhaji Ali Galadanci,

Alhaji Salisu Abdullahi,

Mr. M. Anibaba,

Mr. Cyprian Ekwensi, a Novelist,

Dr. Ola Balogun, a well known film producer.

Mr. George Bako remains as Director General.

New Nigerian: In the case of the New Nigerian Newspapers Limited, Professor
Tekena Tamuno,; former Vice Chancellor of the University of Ibadan is the chair-
man of the new governing board. Professor Tamuno is a scholar and historian.
Members are:

Alhaji Uthman Mairiga, former Editor of Gaskiya Tafi Kwabo,

Ambassador Tayo Ogunsilire,

Mr. S. S. Waniko,

Dr. Shehu Umar Abdullahi and

Mr. Tanko Kokwain who is appointed new Managing Director. He replaces Alhaji
Othman Tukur.

Daily Times: Members of the new governing board of the Daily Times Nigeria
Limited are Alhaji Abdu Muktar (chairman),

Professor S. Ajano,
Alhaji Jibril Ahmed,
Dr. Ime Ebong,

Mr. Olayinka Lijadu ard Permanent Secretary Ministry of Information, Youth,
Sports, Social Development and culture.

Retirements: Retiréd in the re-organisation exercise at the Daily Times of
Nigeria Limited were Mr. Emmanuel Jaja Adagogo,

Bethel Njoku, Deputy Chief Executive (Administration).

57



NIGERIA

‘THINK TANK' SET UP TO DEVELOP ENERGY POLICY
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 2 June 84 pp 1, 5

[Text] THE Federal Military Government is now set to develop a comprehensive
and integrated energy policy for the country.

To this end, a 24-man committee has been assigned to work out guidelines that
would serve as basis for the formulation of the policy.

Dubbed the "Brain-storm Think Tank Team", the body is made up of experts on
energy matters drawn from various institutions of higher learning and profes-
sional energy organisations.

Addressing the men in Lagos yesterday, the Chief of Staff Supreme Headquar-
ters, Brigadier Tunde Idiagbon said the Federal Government believed that aca-
demicians and intellectuals had a special place where they could contribute
towards government programmes.

He noted that the question of formulating a comprehensive and integrated
energy policy had remained essentially at the "talking stage" for about two
decades without positive and purposeful step forward.

Although the committee was not given specific terms of reference, Brigadier
Idiagbon told them that government expected the exercise to launch Nigeria
into "The 20th Century Energy Club" in view of their experience as eminent
scientists.

The inaugural address was delivered on behalf of the Chief of Staff by Group
Captain Ita David Ikpeme.

The Minister of Petroleum and Energy, Professor Tam David-West, who also ad-
dressed the energy experts, assured the committee of adequate government fund-
ing despite the economic recession.

Five of the committee members were not at yesterday's ceremony.

Those present included Dr. C.1. Ezekwe, Dr. A.O. Odukwe, Professor B.J. Olu-

feagba, Dr. A.O. Bamiro, Mr. Akin Adebari, Professor A. Maduemezia and Profes-
sor 1.0. Oladapo.

53



positions in their groups, the writer of the letter is sure it may not take
long before the leaders of these groups begin to quarrel among themselves
over the sharing of their booty,

On the second aspect of the fugitive groups' activities--their dishonest
claim to be fighting for democracy in Ghana--the letter reveals how these
fighters for democracry are completely undemocratic in their activities.

For example, they use threats to ensure that once you become a member of the
groups, you adhere to their programmes. The letter gave the instance where
all members were warned that anyone who failed to attend the inauguration

in Hamburg of J.H. Mensah's group would be dismissed from the group. Despite
the threat, only about 100 people attended, which included curious onlookers.

Survival

The poor attendance is very significant as it confirms what the letter
revealed, that those who rushed to join the groups did so not because they
are opposed to the PNDC Government, but because they must join for survival--
and the leaders of the groups know it, hence the use of. threats to enforce
adherence,

The other side of the democratic pretensions of the groups is that the
leaders are "dictatorial in their behaviour and are intolerant and incapable
of accepting the views of others." Comparing the character of the activities
of these fugitive groups to the acrimonious and violent political actions
which Kwame Nkrumah's opponents organized against him in the early 60s, the
writer warned that these groups can only bring the "democracy that equals
anarchy, the democracy of cheats and looters."

This judgment on the character of the groups is important for serving to
expose one vital thing which many Ghanaians are likely to have been unaware
of--that many of the leaders and most ardent supporters of the groups were
the same people who.talked of fighting for democracy by sending bombs to be
thrown among crowds in Ghana during Kwame Nkrumah's government, by. which
they caused a lot of physical harm to Ghanaians in those days.

However, as revealed by the letter, these corrupt and violent-minded groups
abroad do not seem to be succeeding in folling Ghanaians there, as shown

by the closing prayer during J.H. Mensah's function in Hamburg when the
priest he invited to give the closing prayer concluded the prayer by: saying:
“God should give Rawlings wisdom to rule Ghana well."

cso: 3400/2014

15



cso:

3400/2008

Acting Governor, the South African army which is a
government within the many governments - none with
any vision other than a hysteria about Moscow with no
plan, regional or national on how to develop the coun-
try and consequently its people.

The treasury can’t afford this circus, and neither can
the country carry $1 000 civil servants. The sheer weight
alone is enough to smother to death the most viable of
countries. :

That's the sum total. Add to it that nothing in the
form of a natural resource is controlled, properly coor-
dinated, and with no shareholding in the hands of a
citizen of the country - no records of export, tonnages
mined etc., and the picture of a land in the hands of un-
controlled adventurism is complete.

We cai: continue with conference after conference.
There is no way out of political insanity imposed by the
stronger on the weaker.

44



cso:

3400/2008

funds from gambling ‘as is
done in SA’s other
neighbouring states.

He dismissed the ques-
tion by muttering under his
breath:

“I was not impressed
with money received from
gambling in the past.”

On Criticism from CDM

on the tax hike on diamond
mining, Dr Van Niekerk
said:
“Iam not particularly
worried about the situation
in diamond mining in the
country at present.

On criticism in the past
that the diamond industry
does not pay its fair due
because of such practices
as transfer-pricing, Dr Van
Niekerk said:

“I have nothing in
writing to say that the dia-
mond industry does not
pay its due.” :

If anyone had any al-
legations about the dia-
mond industry, he would
be glad to receive them, Dr

. Van Niekerk said. .

The ‘highlights of the
Budget are:

@ GST up from 7% to
9

Diamond tax up
from 50% to 55%;

@ No increase in per-
sonal income tax;

@ Non-residents tax up
from 12,5% to 15%;

@ No change in stamp
duties;

@ All loan levies to be
paid this year;

A greater shift to capital
expenditure from current
expenditure; and

@ Direct aid from SA
increased from R240m to
R318m.

48



SA'S POSITION AS LEADING REGIONAL POWER CONFIRMED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Jun 84 p 6

[Editorial]

[Text]

SOUTH Africa is more confident about its
ability to determine events in Southern Afri-
ca than it has been fora long time.

We are, as Mr Pik Botha put it, a regional
power.

Not that we, as a newspaper, have ever
doubted that we are. We have always said
that South Africa is a powerhouse in Africa,
with the strongest, best-trained and best-
equipped armed forces south of the Sahara.

Why, then, the need to boast now that we are
aregional power?

The answer is that events have proved this be-
yond doubt to Africa itself.

Look at it this way: South Africa was threat-
ened by terrorist incursions from neighbour-
ing States..It hit back hard. In Maputo. In
Maseru. Showing that it would not allow Mo-
zambique and Lesotho to be used as launch-
ing pads for African National Congress at-
tacks on the Republic.

There were accusations, by Mrs Margaret
Thatcher, the British Prime Minister, and
other Western leaders, that South Africa was
destabilising its neighbours.

It wasn’t. But its ability to strike back at will
demonstrated that it had the power — and
the determination — to do so, if ‘necessary.

In Southern Angola, it also showed it had the
military power to counter Angolan and Rus-
sian military support for Swapo. °

However, just when it seemed there would be
an escalation of the conflict, South Africa
Offered a ceasefire, surprising its critics. _

The same thing happened on the east coast.
South Africa signed the Nkomati accord with
Mozambique and suddenly, instead of being
regarded as destabilisers, the South Africans
were the bringers of peace, conciliation and
co-operation.

77

SOUTH AFRICA



ZIMBABWE

ORDEAL OF MAIZE IMPORTING CONVOYS THROUGH TETE PROVINCE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 8 Jun 84 p 4

[Article by Brendan Seery]

[Text]

HARARE — Human
bones and burnt-out
shells of trucks still dot
the verges of the “Road
of death” through Tete in
Mozambique to the Ma-
lawi border.

A reporter from the
Zimbabwean National
News Agency, who trav-
elled with a Zimbabwe
Army-escorted convoy of
trucks through the dis-
trict recently, wrote that
several burnt-out huts
and villages bore testi-
mony to the activities of
Mozambique National
Resistance (MNR) rebels.

A truck driver said
that until a few weeks
ago, the stench of rotting
flesh hung heavy around
the scene of a convoy am-
bush last year.

Dogs and wild animals
scavenged among human
corpses, the driver said.

Along the road — Zim-
babwe’s main export ar-
tery to Malawi, and the

cso: 3400/1091

route along which vitally-
needed maize imports
are brought to Harare —
about 30 trucks lie aban-
doned, the reporter said.

Every day, heavily-
armed Zimbabwe sol-
diers drive a convoy of
about 70 trucks through
to the Malawi border at
Zobue.

Among the 20 military
vehicles which accom-
Pany the trucks are an
ambulance and a break-
down truck.

From Zimbabwe's
Nyamapanda border
Post, the convoy takes
about five hours to reach
Tete, travelling at
60 km/h.

At Tete, there is nor-
mally a two-hour delay
while truck drivers cross
the 250m suspension
bridge which spans the,
Zambezi River, paying a
R2,20 toll fee.

The tarred road
through the Tete corridor

132

“was described by the re-

porter as narrow and
neglected.

IMPORTING

Parts of it have been
washed away in the
heavy rains and thick
bush grows up to the
edge of the tarmac.

Zimbabwe is importing
80.000 tons of maize from
Malawi this year to sup-
plement its own meagre
harvest.

Paying around R200 a
ton for the maize, it costs
the Zimbabwe Govern-
ment a further R170 a ton
to transport it to the
depots inside the country.

A number of Zimbab-
wean truck drivers have
been killed or injured in
attacks by the MNR on
vehicles using the route.

Frelimo soldiers who
guarded the trucks also
suffered casualties in
rebel attacks mounted by
groups of up to 100 men.



cso:

3400/2003

Afar, are only interested marginally. They
will however expect to hold on to the Prime
Ministership and will be prepared to back
anyone who promises more power to that
post. A couple of front runners have
emerged, the Foreign Minister and the
Minister of the Interior, Yousuf Chirdoun.

The Foreign Minister, Mouhmin
Bahdon, has been having a good year. He
organised the highly successful aid donors’
conference in November and he
masterminded the visit of Ethiopia's leader,
Lt.Colonel Mengistu Haile Mariam, to
Djibouti earlier this year. This too was very
successful. Mengistu had a very cordial
reception (potential critics and opponents,
the Ethiopian political refugees in Djibouti,
were rounded up and put ina camp outside
the city), The Djibouti Government was
flattered by this first visit by an Ethiopian
Head of State, which helped improve
already good relations. Ethiopia takes care
to treat Djibouti as areal country and an
equal. Somalia by contrast has always been
somewhat patronising towards Djibouti;
worse, it has consistently refused Djibouti’s
request for a consulate in northern Somalia.

he visit strengthened the standing of the

Foreign Minister who was the main
proponent of the visit. But Mouhmin

jahdon does have his critics. He is
secretary-general of the single party, the
Rassemblement Populaire pour le Progrés,
and there have been allegations of
indiscipline and even corruption in the
party. He also faces opposition from the
director of the President's Cabinet, Ismail
Gueddi, who supports the Minister of the
Interior as a potential Vice-Presidential
candidate or similar,

Yousuf Chirdoun is from the Foulaba
clan which produced the first person to call
on Djiboutians to vote for independence in
the 50s. He has another point in his favour.
He belongs to the Issa who have always
been inside Djibouti, in contrast to those
who came into the country from Ethiopia
during the 60s. The two groups have been
given the names of Arrada (earth) and
Allanka (flag) — those who come from the
land of Djibouti and those who follow the
flag, or come in from outside. Mouhmin
Bahdonis Allanka.

In the last few months the Allanka have
been the target of a critical campaign from
the younger intellectuals — and it showed in
objections to the visit of Mengistu, which
Ismail Gueddi managed to get postponed
for months. It is too soon to suggest who
might come out on opin these manoeuvres
— butitis likely that Djibouti’s politics will
continue to be of greater interest than usual
for some time to come @

10



ZIMBABWE

GOVERNMENT CATTLE RAISING PROJECT FOR MATABELELAND SOUTH

Harare THE HERALD in English 14 Jun 84 p 7

[Text ]

cso:

BULAWAYO,

mammoth cattle
ranching scheme being
established by the Gov-
ernment in Matabeleland
South will, barring \un-
foreseen circumstances,
bring an agrarian revo-
lution with potentially
untold benefits for the
province’s peasants.

The scheme, a sprawl-
ing 270000ha of land
that covers a huge chunk
of Matabeleland South,

and bought by the
Ministry of Lands, Re-
settlement and Rural

Development, has been
contracted to the para-
statal Agricultural and
Rural Development
Authority.

From Monday _ this
week the Cold Storage
Commission has  em-
barked on a holding
operation involving the
purchase of cattie.

Arda general manager
Dr Liberty Mhlanga said
yesterday it would be two
to three months before
Arda finished recruiting
manpower needed to run
the ranch,

“We want to develop
the ranching scheme,
which is the biggest of
all our operations, in’ a

3400/1098

way that will bring bene-
fits to the people in the
area,” Dr Mhlanga said.
Arda was now recruit-
ing people with mana-
gerial, accounting and
other skills necessary to
run the ranching scheme.
Dr Mhlanga could not say
how many people would

eventually be employed -

but said one of the bene-
fits that would accrue to
the local people was the
employment opportunity,

“We need a manager to
handle all the operations
and two or three to aub-
divide the farm into man-
ageable bits, The farm
workers on the former
commercial units will be
assessed for suitability,”
he said.

The pieces of commer-
cial farms purchased by
Government on a willing-
buyer willing-seller basi
would have to be re-
fenced and pegged.

In about two years “we
hope’ to have put every-
thing together’, he said.

The scheme, once
operational, would help
communal people improve
their livestock,

‘The main difference of
the ranch from the for-
mer comme: farms

134

would be its people-
oriented instead of indi-
vidual-oriented nature.

“would have a role. This

way people living outside
the ranch would afso see
the project as thefr own.

The problems of fence
cutting that brought
about tensions between
commercial and commu-
nal farmers would be eli-
minated as peasants learn
to respect property.

‘On resource utilisation,
Dr Mhlanga said: “We
are essentially looking at
ranching, and resources
from irrigation schemes
such as dry maize stalks
will, instead of being
burnt, be used as winter
feed for cattle. .

“Although the scheme
started as a rescue op-
eration in a e
where dissident agitation,
sometimes with open su:
Port from peasasts part!
cularly in Kezi, resulted
in @ number of commer
cial farmers leaving, the
end product of the opera-
tion will be untold bene-
fits for all, now that secu-
rity forces have restored
peace and@ security,” he



NIGERIA

ASSOCIATION WANTS NEWSPAPER PRICES INCREASED
Enugu DAILY STAR in English 8 June 84 p 3

[Text] THERE is need for a substantial increase in the cover price of news-
papers and advertisement rates, the Newspapers Proprietors’ Association of
Nigeria (NPAN) has annouced.

In a communique issued at the end of its special annual general meeting at
Ibadan, the association said the increase had become necesary in view of the
rising costs of materials and distribution as well as need to provide satis-
factory service to readers at uniform cost throughout the country.

The association implored the federal military government to ensure approval
ofspecial allocation of foreign exchange to enable the industry to purchase

materials, especially newsprint, films and plates, required to meet its obliga-
tions to the nation. .

It also enjoined the FMG to complete and commission the Itu Newsprint Mill to
Provide both the technology and the material for cheaper and faster
production.

It reiterated its support for the FMG and pledged to uphold the truth always
in all its activities in respect of information, education and entertainment
of the populace.

On Decree No. 4 (Protection of Public Officers Against False Accusation), the
NPAN argued that laws already existing protect all persons, whether public or
private and called on the government to apply the decree with consideration in
the very clear knowledge that the one sure link of information between the
governors and the governed is the media.

Any attempt to frustrate the flow of information from the people to the gover-
nors could be counter-productive, it warned.

The association felt that the current undefined situation regarding duty pay-
able on raw materials used by the print media was confusing and needed clari-
fication by the FMG.
CSO: 3400/1069

52



Financing Offshore Gas Field Examined

(Stephen McQuillan; THE STAR, 9 Jun 84) .cccccccccccceces 106
Briefs
Black Dropouts 109
Colored Pupils 109
Customs Union 109
Tribal System Scored 109
Jailed Children 110
Children in Reformatories 110
Walvis Bay 'Floundering' 110
Goodyear Modernization 110
Cost of Koeberg Power ill
Black Housing 111
Black Crime 111
Race Reclassifications 111
Scientific Innovations 111
Registered Colored Voters 112
Black Student Examinations 112
SWAZILAND
Briefs
SMC Workers 113
TANZANIA

Nyerere Reshuffles Ministerial, Diplomatic Posts
(AFRICA NOW, Jun 84) CPPCC Sec eee Cee eee eee err errs 114

Tradition of Surprise

Ali Hassan Mwinyi

Salim Salim, by Gordian Agricola Kahatano
Kingunge Ngombale, by Sulayman Salim

Use of Occult Questioned

UPPER VOLTA

Ouagadougou Conducts Alert Exercise
(L' OBSERVATEUR, 11-13 May 84; CARREFOUR AFRICAIN,

LL May 84) ssececcesscsiesces 123
Passek-Taale Comments on Test
Alert. Tests Degree of Popular Mobilization
Briefs
Decentralization Policy 127
ZAMBIA
Gem Contract With Saudis Cancelled
(THE STAR, 14 Jun 84) ceisccccscccccccccesscccccccccccces 128

-f-


of communities that seem
to feed success, to look for
stability and stand clear of
tanarchy, to value demand-
Pat educational systems, to
hold in esteem central
banks that do not pander to
political whim.

“There is an old adage in
economics that dictates
that change is driven by
what happens at the mar-
gin — not by what happens
‘at the core.

Challenge

he What counts is what is
ppening at the cutting
edge — where new condi-
tions are confronted for the
first time. Inexorably, a
global investment strategy
‘will push toward the pe-
riphery — toward the
emerging-country. econo-
mies where the growth rate
is the greatest and the pro-
ductivity of capital the
highest.”

‘we are not conscious of
the challenge to all of us,
both black and white, that
lies in those words, then we
are sadly in need of educa-

tion.

South Africa is, indeed
“at the cutting edge —
where new. conditions are:
confronted for the first

And the people who move
capital to where it can be
the most effective want to
see us exercising excel-
lence in the management of
our affairs.

Proviso

‘The mineral wealth be-
low South Africa’s soil, en-
trepreneurial and manage-
rial resources already
present in our population
(and their affinity to those
of the West in general), and
developing manpower and
markets mean we can easi-
ly have an economy to

cso: 3400/2010

69

match that of Britain in a
matter of a generation or

two. :
‘But we have to make it
selear to the West that, sub-

"ject only to the proviso that

ho group loses or fails to
obtain its rightful national
status, the achievement of
such an economy is our
basic aim.

Bent either on maintain-
ing national status (if we
are white), or on over-
throwing status quo to
acquire our own desired
national status (if we are
black), we hardly give that
impression to outside
world at the moment.

Foreign investors don’t
like to put their money here
for longer than a few years.

Easier

Raising the flag of the
Economic Community of
South Africa to fly beside
those of its single white and
several black member
states (initially the four in-
dependent national states)
would be a declaration of
new intention.

It would also re-focus our.
own thinking on the prime
importance of raising tiv-
ing standards, and make it
easier for whites to see that
balanced management of
the effort demands judi-
cious sacrifice of a large
part of their present terri-

rial hegemony.

The success of the eco-
nomic community could be
a condition for reducing
that hegemony.

There are so many
plusses for South Africa in
economic supra-national-
ism that we should start
Toving towards it as quick-

ly as possible.

If this had been the mes-
sage that Mr P W Botha
took to Europe, he could
have been certain of much
greater confusion amon;
our enemies and warm!
among our frie ds.



cso:

detainees were released within a few days,
However, some prisoners, including Obeng
Manu, Sam Okudzeto (national president
of the ARPB) and two journalists who
worked for the Free Press are still being
held.

Obeng Manu is held under Section 4 of
PNDC Law 42 — the very law that he had
singled out for criticism — which empowers
the authorities to hold him for an indefinite
period on no specified charge. According to
astatement made by the Ghanaian Times in
July 1983, Obeng Manu, Sam Okudzeto,
John Kugblenu, Mike Adjei and others
were suspected of conspiring to subvert the
government.

However, the human rights organisation
Amnesty International has repeatedly
asked the authorities for further
information about Obeng Manu and those
held with him and urged that he be tried or
released. In March 1984 Amnesty
International stated that it knew of no
evidence that Obeng Manu had in fact
conspired to overthrow the government. It
adopted him as a prisoner of conscience,
imprisoned because of his non-violent
criticism of the government.

3400/2014

24



SOUTH AFRICA

SADF INVOLVEMENT IN POLITICAL POLICING OPPOSED
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 15 Jun 84 p 4

[Text] IT would be tragic to involved members of the defence force in police
activities with political connotations, Mr Philip Myburgh (PFP, Wynberg) said
yesterday.

He was speaking during debate on the second reading of the Defence Amendment
Bill which, among numerous technical adjustments, sets out the police activi-
ties which the Defence Force may perform.

Mr Myburgh said that in terms of The Bill, the SADF would in future be more
restricted in carrying out police duties.

It was imperative that the SADF and especially conscripted troops should not
have to perform duties such as checking passes or travel documents of Blacks,
Mr Myburgh said, adding that it appeared from The Bill that such duties would
be excluded from SADF activities.

This was confirmed by the Minister of Defence, General Magnus Malan.

Proposing the second reading of The Bill earlier, General Malan said it had
become necessary to thoroughly review the Defence Act as a result of certain
anomalies and omissions that inhibited its practical implementation.

The Bill provides, among other matters, for regulations governing the dis—
charge of members of the SADF, the functioning of the Religious Objections
Board, regulations governing the mobilisation by the Minister or the State
President of the Citizen Force reserve and commandos and for credit in respect
of time spent recovering from injuries sustained in the performance of SADF
duties.

Mr Myburgh said the PFP would support all aspects of The Bill.

cso: 3400/2010

67



NIGERIA

METEOROLOGICAL DATA STATION TO BE SET UP IN NORTH
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 2 Jun 84 p 16
[Article by Omoghene Onojake]

[Text] A METEOROLOGICAL data station is to be set up in the North to collate
information and give advice to farmers about their crops,

The project would be jointly set up by the Federal Ministry of Aviation and .
Federal Department of Agticulture, Zonal Meteorological Inspector of the Min-
istry of Aviation in Jos, Mr. P. A, Ekure, told the New Nigerian in Jos,

He said farmers would be given expert advice on when and how to grow their
crops to ensure higher crop yields. He said absence of a data station now had
led many farmers to plant their crops wrongly.

The zonal meteorological station in Jos covers Plateau, Benue and Gongola
States. It supplies agro-meteorological, synoptic (international) climatolog-

ical and rainfall data "purely on technical grounds" at Present, Mr. Ekure
revealed.

He, however, stated that the Proposed data station would come into being with-
out delay if the Federal Government could finance the project and recruit the
right calibre of staff as well as providing the necessary equipment for
operation.

The meteorological station in Jos has records of monthly rainfall guage for
the past 50 years.

Mr. Ekure said contrary to expectations, rains had been recorded in January
and December in Jos since 1961.

The rainfall in January 1961 measured 8.6 milimetres, while that of December
1972 measured 9.8 milimetres. Rain had also fallen in Jos in January 1972,
1976 and December, 1975.

CSO: 3400/1069

60



GHANA

CANADIAN FLIGHT INFORMATION PROJECT FINANCING DISCUSSED
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 28 May 84 p 1
[Article by Mavis Quaicoe]

[Text] THE Economic Development Corporation (EDC) of Canada in cooperation
with the Equator Bank of Canada is to finance the Accra Flight Information
Region Project which is estimated at $4.6 million.

The loan attracts an interest of 11.5 per cent and has its payment spread over
five years.

The chairman of the Interim Management Committee of the Department of Civil
Aviation (DCA), Wing Commander W. Osabu-Kle, who disclosed this to newsmen at
the Kotoka International Airport on arrival from Canada said the granting of
the loan was made possible as a result of discussions he held with Intelcan
Technosystem Incorporated of Canada (ITI).

He said originally there was a contract for ITI to supply Ghana with equipment
for aircraft control with the Accra Flight Information Region.

In addition to financing the contract, he said, the ITI will provide a long
term technical assistance to DCA personnel in support of the maintenance of
the equipment after the project is completed.

He said the duration of the technical assistance would be determined by the
needs of the Accra Flight Information Region system.

Under the technical assistance scheme, ITI would supply regularly spare parts
to maintain the system and also send its’ personnel to pay routine field visits
to adjust, line up and repair the equipment.

Intelcan also agreed, the IMC chairman said, to recondition the central air
conditioning system at the airport and also supply a crime detection equipment
for use at the place.

Wing Commander Osabu-Kle stressed that the project is very important because
when completed, it would be self-financing since the DCA would charge fees for

17



been left idle since the 1966 coup. The few which are still not in working
condition, he explained, need replacement of some of their worn out parts. Mr
Vassily said another team of technical experts from the Soviet Union would
arrive in the country in January, next year, as part of the next phase of the
rehabilitation project. Also included in the next phase, he said, is the
training of Ghanaian technicians and the upgrading of already skilled techni-
cians at the Tema Technical Institute to meet the industrial and technological
needs of the country. Mr Sam Aggrey, Director of Technical and Vocational
Education of the Ghana Education Service who was at the airport to see off the
team, also said that the current project should be seen as very important to
the country which will make it possible for the training of more technicians.
Other members of the team included Mr Kouzmichov Mikhail and Mr Zhirnou Igor.
[Text] [Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 30 May 84 p 5]

AUSTRALIAN WHEAT FLOUR--AUSTRALIA will provide 4,000 tonnes of wheat flour to
Ghana as a contribution to the National Food Emergency Programme. The acting
Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs, Mr Lionel Bowen, MP, announced the
gift to Ghana yesterday in the context of a general statement on the supply of
additional food ain in response to emergency situations and to support vulner-
able group feeding programmes in a number of developing countries. The 4,000
tonnes of flour, valued at $A1.65 million, is to be provided through the
Australian Council of Churches to its counterpart organisation in Ghana, the
Christian Council of Ghana, for'distribution under its drought famine relief
programme. The total value of the food aid involved in the latest announce-
ment is $A6.8 million. Mr Bowen said that these gifts were in addition to the
substantial food gifts already given to developing countries, particularly in
Africa, in the year ending 30th June, 1984, [Text] [Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY
GRAPHIC in English 1 Jun 84 p 5]

CsO: 3400/2007

34



Others were Professor C.A. Onwumechili, Professor S.E. Okoye, Professor D.E.
Ajakaiye, Professor E.U. Emoron, Professor Adegoke, Professor Frank Ndili,
Professor Oluwole, Dr. G.A. Adebiyi, Mr. R.A. Salau and Dr. 1.1.0. Obiaga.

Those absent were Dr. Toks Oshinowo, Dr. C.I. Ezekwe, Dr. A.O. Odukwe, Dr.
G.C. Madueme and Dr. J.0. Asalor.

csO: 3400/1069

54


As a further step to ensure peace in the area and provide effective management
of the salt industries it has been decided that the Songor Lagoon must be
properly demarcated into its three portions.

The Auditor-General has been directed to perform immediately a financial audit

into the operation of the two salt industries for the period during which the
loses existed.

"The purpose of the audit is to identify any person or persons who took advan-

tage of the confusion to misappropriate funds and other resources of the two
enterprises" it said.

Also the Attorney-General has been instructed to take the necessary steps to
give legal effect to the arrangement for settlement and the economic Planning

Ministry is to take immediate steps to implement the new share-holding
structures,

CSO: 3400/2006

20



CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM COSTS UNKNOWN

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 14 Jun 84 p 11

[Article by David Braun]

[Text]

cso:

Nobody appears to know
how much the new con-
stitutional dispensation is
going to cost.

Parliamentary and
Government circles say
that the Treasury is fran-
tically working out the
details of just what extra
expenses are going to be
involved in setting up the
new tricameral Parlia-
ment and its supporting
administration which
comes on stream in 14
weeks from now.

The Minister of Fi-
nance, Mr Owen Hor-
wood, made no provision
in this year’s Budget for
extra costs and it is ex-
pected that an announce-
ment in this regard will
be made shortly, before
the present session of
Parliament ends.

Speculation this week
that the new dispensation
would cost an extra
R2 000 million a year met
with a “no comment”
from Mr Horwood. But
the chief Opposition
spokesman on Finance,
Mr Harry Schwarz, said
nobody could know what
the extra costs would be.

COST OF MPs

“There are three things

3400/2010

that have to be consid-
ered,” said Mr Schwarz.

“The first of these is
the cost of the new MPs
— salaries, offices, secre-
taries and supporting ser-
vices. .

“Then, as certain

things are going to be di-
vided between own af-
fairs and general affairs,
it will have to be seen if
the public service can
make use of its existing
staff or whether extra
staff will have to be
hired.
“Thirdly, and this is the
great unknown, the In-
dians and coloureds are
going to make much
greater demands for
money for their people —
things like equal pensions
and spending on educa
tion can be expected.”

Mr Schwarz said re-
cent newspaper articles
which linked the costs of
the new dispensation to a
series of proposed tax in-
creases were not quite
correct.

“People must be clear
that the Government has
already accepted in prin-
ciple proposals that local
authorities should raise
additional income by
means of the various
taxes mentioned (two

87

SOUTH AFRICA

percent tax on employ-
ers’ salary rolls, 0,2 per-
cent tax on company and
professional turnover and
10 percent investment
tax on depreciation of
manufacturing machine-
ry).

LOCAL LEVEL

“These proposals were
made public weeks ago
and they have nothing to
do with funding the cen-
tral Government.

“We have already ex-
pressed our fears that be-
cause any such taxes will
be applied at local level,
they will be applied only
in the metropolitan in-
dustrial areas and not in
the decentralised indus-
trial regions.

“We believe there
should be priority to cre-
ate jobs, and such taxes
will discourage job crea-
tion in the urban areas
where they can be pro-
vided more cheaply.”

‘Mr Schwarz said it was
likely that GST would be
raised again this year if
the gold price continued
to remain depressed, the
drought remairied unbro-
ken and the Government
failed to regulate infla-
tion effectively.



Shortage

Equipment worth millions of dollars used to load coal at a nearby railway sta-
tion lies scattered around because of a shortage of spare parts and lack of
maintenance, according to the local people.

The rusted equipment includes bulldozers, heavy-duty trucks, tractors, cranes
and other machinery used in coal mining.

CSO: 3400/2001

41



REPORT CLAIMS TRANSKEI STATUS 'NOT RESPECTED'

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Jun 84 pill

[Text]

cso:

3400/2010

UMTATA. — South
African authorities did
not respect the indepen-
dent and foreigh status of
a Transkeian in South
Africa and bilateral
agreements between the
two countries should be
reviewed, a government
Teport said yesterday.

The ‘annual report of
the Department of For-
eign Affairs said Transkei
had already given notice
to. South Africa that bilat-
eral agreements con-
cluded: between the iwo
countries in 1976 should
be reviewed.

The report said the lot
of a Transkeian in South
Africa had not improved
markedly since the grant-
ing of independence.

It said it was difficult to
differentiate between the
Transkeian travel docu-
ment and the South Afri-
can “dompas”.

South African author-
ities continued to use the
Transkeian document for
endorsements imposing
restriction on the holder.

“This drives home the
point that the South Afri-
can authorities do not re-
spect the independent
and foreigh status of a

82

Transkeian in South Afri-

ca.
“This state of affairs
has raised questions
about the agreements be-
tween the two countries,
relating to the employ-
ment and contracting of
labour. from Transkei,”
the report said.

Transkei’s Diplomatic
Mission in South Africa
had been “vigorous” in
asserting officials’ diplo-
matic status, the report
said.

“But various actions by
South African officials
have proved that the
White people of South
Africa still do not accept
the reality of a Trans-
keian diplomat in their
country,” the report said.

Transkei’s _“‘internat-
ional rejection” was also
discussed in the report
which said initial steps
“had been taken in the
proper organisation of
overseas offices.

Projections for the fu-
ture included offices in
one or two African coun-
tries and a re-distribution
of overseas offices to cov-
er the more sensitive
areas in England, West
Germany and the United
States.

SOUTH AFRICA



FORMER RIVERS STATE GOVERNOR JAILED

Kaduna SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN in English 10 Jun 84 p 1

[Text]

cso:

3400/2011

THE Enugu zone of the
Special Military Tribunal on
the Recovery of Public Pro-
perty, sitting in Enugu, on Fri-
day sentenced the former
Rivers ‘Governor, Melford
Okilo, to prison term of 21
calendar years on each of the
four-count charge of meintain-
ing and operating two foreign
bank accounts while in office.

The sentences are to run
concurrently.

Delivering the one-hour
judgment, the chairman of the
tribunal, Air Commodore
Muktar Mohammed, said that
due consideration had been

iven to the plea for leniency

yy the deffence counsel, say-
ing that 21 years was the
minimum allowed by decree
number three of 1984.

He, however, said that in
meting out punishment to the
convict, the pulse ot the socie-
ty must be taken into con-
sideration.

Air Commodore Mohamm-
ed declared: “We take a
serious view that public of-
ficers, who swore to defend
the constitution, should not
have taken the document for a
mere paper tiger,” because
there was need to deter “like-
minded people who after being
raised from the grassroots toa
position of eminence, treat
their position of trust and oath
of office with wreckless aban-
don”.

Reviewing the submissions
of both the defence and the

‘osecution, Air Commodore

Mohammed said that the
tribunal agreed that evidence
before it did not disclose the
convict’s enrichment or
transfer of money from the
country in respect of his Lon-
don or U.S. account, saying:
“We refrain from making any
order for forfeiture of this
money.” (NAN),

59

NIGERIA



NEW NATIONAL CULTURAL MOVEMENT FORMED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 18 Jun 84 p 6

[Article by Kaizer Ngwenya]

[Text]

SIYAKHA/RE YA
AHA, is a new national

tural movement con-
cept which, according to
its organisers, is meant
to fill up ‘the gap caused
by Inkatha as the result
of the latter’s modus op-
erandi resulting from its
links with the homeland
system.

The organisers of the
movement said that
Siyakha/Re Ya Aha
must not be understood
to’ be’a rival of Inkatha.
Rather ‘it is meant ‘to
serve as an alternative to
inkatha in the constitu-
encies which do not sup-
port ‘the homeland sys-
tems and yet yearn for a
genuine-A frican cultural,

movement.
~The people behind
the movement, unlike’
other black organisa-
tions which. are formed,
and then imposed on the
‘Masses ‘as * their’ Tep-
resentatives, has de-
cided to embark on a
new approach to organi-
sation © formation,
namely going to the peo-
ple through seminars,
educate them and to-
gether with them help
build their cultural
movement.

Vusi Nkumane said
that. when the move-

83

ment is formally and of-
ficially launched after a
national tour with these
seminars, it. will’ right-
fully claim ts bea
movement of the peo-
ple.’In short, they want’
the’ masses to be in-
volved in’ forming the
organisation.

Already two seminars
have been held in Ma-
melodi and. were at-
tended by: youth and
adult cultural enthu-
siasts.

In the previous semi-
nar Vusi Nkumane de-
livered a paper on: the:
Meaning and Dynamism
of African Conscious-,
ness and Mr N Mo--

tsekge spoke ‘on the’

Philosophical Origin of
the African Culture.
‘The latter was a lecturer
in African philosophy at
a German university be-
fore he came back to Af-
rica. He is now awaiting
his 4 doctor of philosophy

Fea Mulahleki wa-
Mutle was also present
at the seminar. He read
his poetry in both Pedi
and English. The Pedi
one among othets was a
tribute to the late Mr Si-
mon Brander of Atterid-
geville who died on
Robben Island surviving

SOUTH AFRICA



the coterie of high-flying racketeers and
forged ahead with vigour to tackle them. As
it spread, Sokoine'’s net inadvertently

caught the innocent as we!

he pavement

hawkers selling Aunties’ matchboxes or a
quarter-full bottle of petrol that had been
bled on a grassy side road from a

overnment vehicle.
ucaneers he was actually gunning for

The affluent

escaped. He thus ended by aggravating the
powerful without quite relieving the
disadvantaged and there was a time before
his death on April 12 when his standing
shrank with the common man. But his tragic
death and the ensuing outpourings of
national grief restored status to his name:
he died as he lived, a man of the people.

Salim, his successor, has already shown

indications that he stands poised to follow in
the footsteps of his predecessor. But he
appears to prefer the step-by-step
approach, of quietly imbibing the lessons of
those who have preceeded him before
launching himself into anything novel.
Whatever he decides, he will certainly need
two things: a special vest to take the

brickbats and a synthesiser to keep

vigorous balance between Zanzibar’s and
he did
demonstrate with a rabid Zanzibari as well
as a rabid Tanganyikan that he was a
‘anzanian in equal parts.

In any event, Salim's Premiership
Promises to be an interesting one, the first
that will most probably carry a heavy

Tanzania's interests. After all,

Zanzibari and a

foreign accent e

Kingunge Ngombale

London AFRICA NOW in English Jun 84 p 63

{Article by Sulayman Salim:

[Text]

Fortune has lately come unbidden to
Kingunge Ngombale Mwiru, the banner-
bearer of the Tanzania super-left. Last year
he would have become CCM’s -secretary-
general but for ‘superior intervention.
instead, he got the chairman of the
influential department of . publicity and
ropaganda. In April, he was appointed a
Minister of State with a portfolio that is
certain to strengthem his contacts with the
grassroots on the widest possible scale.

The present run of luck contrasts with the
years of wilderness which first engulfed him
more than a decade ago. As.a Regional
Commissioner and therefore a member of
the National Assembly he was foolhardy or
principled enough, depending on one’s
Perspective, to vote against a crucial
government Bill.

TANU, ‘the: ruling. party then, like the
successor CCM, was a harsh disciplinarian.
Retribution came swiftly. Ngombale Mwiru.
was dismissed to the chorus of hisses and
boos from the government media.
“Publicity-seeker,” Radio Tanzania blared
out; “‘Super-hypocrite” intoned the Daily
News. But he took it all stoically, arguin;
that since the party is the sole instrument of
political change he would sooner remain
within and wrestle it his way than quit in
pique.

ether or riot the P has changed
because he stayed is debatable but he can
claim that he has been triumphantly
vindicated. He has not only survived but
also bettered his chances to help redirect it.

Times have changed, however. His
opponents in the great debate between
“insiders” and “outsiders” are now either
in disarray or have succumbed to
embourgeoisement, a curious virus that

"The Last of the Tanzanian Left"]

afflicts the left as titey go up or down to the
middle class.

The remaining find the day-to-day battle
for sheer survival sufficiently engaging to
want to re-open old controversies.

If they did, the terms will have altered.
They will no longer argue that a middle class
party like the CcM cannot conceivably be
transformed into a vehicle of revolutionary
socialism but assert instead that the super-
left is a lost.cause because the ordinary left
has failed to deliver. in Tanzania.
Nevertheless, such a verdict is unlikely tq
‘depress the long-term optimist in Ngombale
Mwiru and he will soldier on re; less. His
enthusiasm to get leftists into the party is so
strong that not so Iong ago he risked the
charge of tribalism by campaigning for
Kighoma Malima to get into the NEC, the
party's supreme body. .Malima, like

igombale Mwiru, is a: member of ‘the
Zaramo ethnic group.

Ngombale. Mwiru went to school in
Guinea and Senegal where he added French
to his English education. Like: Walter
Bugoya, the general-manager of Tanzania
Publishing House, Baruti and Nsa Kaisi, he
traces his political roots to the TANU Youth
League as well as the study Four. His
career as the Principal of party's
Ideological College at Kivukoni, secretary-
general of TANU Youth League and

lucation Officer in the National Service
‘means he has helped shape cadres who are
now working in the CCM and allied
institutions. Important ‘p: documents,
like the famous Guidelines of 1971 and the
Constitution bear his imprint.
Furthermore, he is known to have served as
a: Presidential emissary several times to
Angola, Mozambique and Guinea.

118



are civil servants with professional
qualifications. Others have private means.

ome are polyglots who master indigenous
and foreign languages. There is also a whole
brood of dilettantes — men and women —
who have never heard of the Hebraic
incantation of power “‘Barhatiya,
Barhatiya,” let alone know which operation
must go with what star in order to succeed.

The books in use are the age-old ones:
Shams-al-Ma'aref and Manba'a Usul al-
Hikmah of Ali al-Buni, Sa’at al Khabar of
Abu Ma’ashar al-Falaki, al-Ghazali's al-
Awfag, Khazinat al-Asraar_al-Kubra of
Muhammad Afandi an-Nazili, Mujarrabat
of ad-Dayrabi and al-Jawahir al-Lama’a of
Ali_al-Marzuki.

_ _ Their merits vary. Shams or Sun of the
“Great Gnoses is comprehensive, taking in
numerology, divination, spell-casting as
well as exorcism and control of spirits. The
only setback is that it has several mystically
coded chapters which take masters to
decipher. Sa’ah or The Hour and the Event,
on the other hand, is wholly devoted to
divination by signs of the Zodiac as is
Awfag. While Mujarrabat or Proven Cases
has very good chapters on herbal medicine
and love spells.

Although the text is Arabic, ritual is
either indigenous or the native lore served

, with alien flavour. One of the rituals of
impregnation beloved of élite politicians is a
ood example. It involves leaping over
blood trickling from a freshly slaughtered
animal at cross-roads in the dead of the
night. That is native; the Arabic incantation
accompanying it, foreign.
Qn the other hand, Abeid Amani Karume,
Zanzibar’s first President, went entirely
indigenous when he made his occult bid for
power which precipitated the revolution
more than 20 years ago. He had live goats
buried with their eyes, ears and mouths
sown up in the name of the people holding
positions of power. The ritual took place at
Dunga, about 15 miles to the east of
Zanzibar town. There are speculations that
after that he kept vigil burning effigies over
candles. This will be foreign.

To be sure, Tanzanian leaders are not
alone in enlisting the occult in the service of
politics. The phenomenon obtains
throughout the continent. In fact, if ever
there was a single congenial meeting place
for African men of power, it would be the
witches’ grove.

Two of the leaders’ who have survived
longest in Africa, despite numerous
attempts to oust them, are President
Nimeiri of Sudan and President Mobuto of
Zaire. In the case of President Nimeiri, his
membership of a Sufi mystical order is
supposed to have played a part in. his
survival on more than one occasion.

As for President Mobutu’s power, it is
widely believed that his fetish resides in his
stick, which he is never without. When it is

raised and Mobutu speaks, no one
interrupts or would dare to. It is this which
is believed to protect Mobutu and renders
efforts to overthrow him useless. This
power is considered to be self-evident.
Mobutu himself is successful — he has
survived; and so by definition his power and
his protection are better than that of his
enemies who have not survived.

Similar protective powers resided in the
fly whisk of Kenyatta and in the ring of
Haile Selassie. Kenyatta’s membership in
the occult goes back to his Mau Mau days.
He owed his survival then partly to the
mundu mugo who, apart from rendering
other useful services in the forest,
community, also protected him from the
spells of the murogi, the dreaded black
magic workers. The mundu mugo gave him
the protective fly whisk and the ring of
power.

Haile Selassie had a similar ring. In
Ethiopia today, this ring is believed to have
been taken from Haile Selassie’s dead body
by the present Head of State, Lt. Colonel
Mengistu Haile Mariam, and this explains
his survival from a number of assassination
attempts. In Haile Selassie’s case there
were also darker rumours (never
substantiated) of human sacrifices in the
lake by his palace at Debre Zeit to the south
of Addis Ababa to keep him active.
Certainly the Emperor, like most of his
Ministers and members of the court,
consulted a fortune-teller regularly.

The belief in the protective power
enjoyed by such Heads of State is strong
enough to act as an important psychological
weapon which can inhibit attempts to
overthrow a regime. It is reinforced by the
fear of reprisal which frequently goes hand
in hand with this. The survival for 1] years
of the regime of Marcias Ngueme in
Equatorial Guinea can, in part, be
explained by his ruthless behaviour — a
quarter of the population fled the. country;
one in 500 were killed by the security police;
there were 5,000 political prisoners and
28.000 in the slave labour camps. But this is
not enough to explain why he was only
overthrown when his nephew and Vice-
Minister of Defence decided to act after his
own brother's execution by Marcias. There
was something else.

When Marcias Ngueme was executed
after a brief trial in September 1979 the
shooting had to be carried out by Moroccan
troops. No Guineans were prepared to do
the job. They feared that Mareias's spirit
would return (as he threatened to do) as a
leopard or a tiger and kill all those who
attacked him. Given Marcias’s supposed
capacity to be in two places at once, this was
certainly one of the factors which kept him
in power for so long.

itchcraft. and magic surface on. a
number of other levels. In a-case in: 1983-in
Swaziland, eight people were executed for

121



GHANA

GRAPHIC CALLS FOR CLOSER LOOK AT FUEL, POWER INDUSTRY
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 26 May 84 p 2

(Editoral: "The Fuel Palaver"]

[Text] THE Ministry of Fuel and Power last Monday issued a statement remind-
ing the general public that the GHAIP Refinery at Tema is a restricted area
and that only those authorised by GHAIP and the Petroleum Department to. do
business with the Refinery are permitted to enter the area.

The statement specifically mentioned dealers in petroleum products and stated
that they are prohibited from entering the refinery. They were advised to
follow up their orders at the offices of their respective companies in Accra,
Kumasi, Takoradi and Tamale.

This announcement could not have come at a more appropriate time, and the
"Graphic" hopes that this is a continuation of the PNDC programme to ration-
alise the distribution of fuel and lubricants in the country.

The malpractices in the distribution of petroleum products are many.

Recently. a government official from the Northern Region came to Tema to chase
fuel for the Northern Regional Agricultural Task Force.

There should have been eight tankers but an official at the State Transport

Corporation who allocates tankers said that only three tankers were fit for
the road.

It is alleged that unauthorised fuel dealers tip various officials at the
State Transport and the refinery. And that once these tips (ranging from
£10,000 to ¢20,000) are received, the officials begin to give excuses to the

geniune people needing fuel, whilst the tankers go off on some unofficial
jobs.

The tanker drivers, we learn also get a cut.

So they prefer the unauthorised trips. Some tanker drivers have even been
reported as diverting the entire consignment. We hate to believe these
allegations.

28



COMMENTATOR ANALYZES RECENT TRIPARTITE TALKS IN’ LUSAKA

Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 26 May 84 p 41

[Article by Marga Holness]

[Text]

Recent’ tripartite talks in Lusaka between
Angola, South Africa and the United States
have also been interpreted by the mainstream
pester Press as a major diplomatic victory for

th South Africa and the United States.

An analysis shows that the coin has indeed
two sides. Apart from the grotesque and er-
roneous propaganda released by the South
African media; and faithfully echoed by certain
sections of the’ Windhoek press, the truth looks
different. . ‘

For example, that tripartite talks took place
onthe basis of a Cuban troop phase-out after
implementation of United Nations Security
Council Rsolution 435 for the holding of inter-
nationally supervised elections in South West
Africa, terminating aid to UNITA, and a
withdrawal of South African troops from
Angola.

Yet, it was trumpeted in 120 point bold
headlines how the Cubans were leaving and how
Swapo was to be disciplined.

Here, a different and more cool view, written
by Marga Holness who has a close association
with the Angolan missions abroad.

LONDON: The agreement
reached in Lusaka has been
taken as evidence that Angola
can no longer withstand the
continuous armed aggression
and destabilisation to which
it has been subjected in the 8
years since its independence.

It has likewise been
described as a ‘ceasefire’ bet-
ween South Africa and

Angola.

This is a remarkable claim
from newspaper commen-
tators who have up to now
echoed South African pro-
paganda statements to the ef-
fect that South African arm-
ed aggression inside Angola
has been directed solely
against SWAPO and not
against Angolan targets.

ANGOLA



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

N'ANGAS WARNED--THE chairman of the Traditional Healers' Association, Profes-
sor Gordon Chavunduka, yesterday warned members that it is illegal to involve
themselves in naming people as witches or to instigate witch-hunts. He said
the problem of a few Zinatha members carrying out witch-hunts had been dis~
cussed at a meeting in Masvingo recently, organised by Zinatha and attended by
more than 400 delegates. The meeting was addressed by Professor Chavunduka,
who explained the Traditional Medical Practitioners Act and emphasised the
need for discipline among the traditional medical Practitioners. He also
spoke on the need for Zinatha district and Provincial leaders to co-operate
with Government and party leaders in their local areas. [Text] [Harare THE
HERALD in English 11 Jun 84 p 5]

TRACTORS FROM INDIA--ANOTHER 250 Indian-made tractors may soon be made avail-
able to communal farmers through an aid Programme arranged with the government
of India. The International Marvester 444 is intended mainly for communal and
small-scale farmers and has already been described by communal farmers as the
people's tractor, a spokesman for the distributors, Turnpan Zimbabwe, said
last week. Last year more than 200 tractors imported from India in kits for
assembly here were sold. They were part of a consignment of 500 kits brought
to Zimbabwe under government-to-government loan arrangements. The Turnpan
spokesman said the IH 444 is to be demonstrated at a field day at Mount Darwin
in Wednesday, which is to be attended by the Governor of Mashonaland Central
Province, Cde Joseph Kaparadza, officials of the Zimbabwe National Farmers'
Union and representatives of the Ministries of Agriculture and Trade and
Commerce. The tractor is versatile and easy to maintain and provides the
cheapest and most efficient towbar pull per dollar available to small-scale
farmers in Zimbabwe, said the spokesman. [Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English
10 Jun 84 p 2]

WINGS FOR PARATROOPERS-~THIRTY-SIX army paratroo;
after completing a nine-month course at Inkomo B
army spokesman said among the group were seven parachute engineers and a unit
education officer. The troopers were recruited from the presidential guard
about 12 months ago. They were given the wings by Colonel Henry Muchena from
army headquarters. Col Muchena also reviewed a Passing-out Parage of 38 Grey
Scouts who were among the 48 volunteers drawn from various units of the
Zimbabwe National Army. They had completed a six-month course on tactics

and horse riding. Speaking on behalf of the arny commander, Lieut-General Rex
Nhongo, Col Muchena said Grey Scouts had done well

dissidents in Matabeleland. The mounted troops had
with other infantry soldiers. The ceremony was attended by BMATT officers and
members of the ZRP, [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 7 Jun 84 p 3]

pers yesterday received wings
arracks near Darwendale. An

CSO: 3400/1095 END
136



DEVELOPMENT PLANS, POLITICAL SYSTEM, APARTHEID CRITICIZED

Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 26 May 84 p 10

(Editorial:

{Text]

"Lingering Death"]

Representatives of commerce and industry met last
week in Windhoek with professional people and a
number of civil servants for a symposium on economic
development. Some of the messages in the form of
papers read were to the point, and of course
highlighted, this time through the sane and cool minds
of. engineers for example, the illnesses besetting this
country. .

Other papers read were lukewarm, the compilers
grovelling in their fear before the Acting Governor, and
consequently, the South African Government, which
was held up by them as our country’s saviour.

Only a mind given to perpetuating the lie which is the
cancer eating into the fibre of South West Africa’s
economic life, or in the alternative a stupid mind, will
deny why we are in this position of being a recurring
decimal, of going nowhere, of appointing committees
and commissions, of dwelling around like drunkards
among the tables of a cheaply-organised country

azaar. .

We are in this situation because we do not have a
government. . .

Now, if there were a single mind among those men at
the Development Conference denying this, he lives in a
world as described above - stupidity or a member of that
fraternity perpetuating the gross political fraud under
which we live.

We have [no] healthy political system; we have a
system trying to court the aspirations of the black peo-
ple by taking from their ranks the tribal chieftains and
the political stooges, and through them to form
alliances, but we do not have a system which appeals to
the people. .

Thus, we have an assortment of apartheid administra-
tions in the form of 11 ethnic administrations, the South
African Government’s representative in the form of the

43

NAMIBIA



cso:

3400/2001

terview to mean that Savimbi is al-
ready so strong that Moscow is will-
ing to give up and back Cuban with-
drawal to permit some kind of Unita-
MPLA power-sharing deal. This
would clear the way for a
Namibian independence deal under
UN Security Council resolution 435.

On the other hand, say the sources,
Mr Gromyko seemed also to imply
that excessive South African zeal in
backing Savimbi would torpedo any
such deal.

Savimbi would then become so
strong that the MPLA would with-
draw still further into its Luanda
funkhole and Moscow would have to
prepare to withdraw Eastern bloc

personnel.



that the Labour Party's executive has voted
in favour of leaving the Alliance and
confirmed Sir Sitcam as leader. i

‘There is already talk of a Labour/MMM. |
alliance. But Bérenger has said that !
“Labour should be put to the test” in itsnew
role as‘an opposition party. But talk of
alliances, and their attendant'splits which
lead to economic chaos, just goes to show |
that the politicians are only interested in
their survival, with not much interest in the
well-being of the people @

cso: 3400/2004

37



meeting of minds between himself and
Mwalimu when it comes to political
management. Almost 20 years ago,
Nyerere had a similar problem of dealing
with stalwarts when he established the
Directorate of Planning under his wing. He
broke the Directorate into parts, gave each
according to his competence, told them to
get on with it and pitched responsibility
irmly at their door. Salim is the fourth
Prime Minister.

The first was Rashidi Mfaume Kawawa,
currently secretary-general of Chama cha
Mapinduzi (CCM), the country’s sole
political party. He first became Prime
Minister for Tanganyika when, to the
amazement and consternation of many
people, Nyerere resigned as Prime Minister
in January, 1962, only a short time after the
country had attained independence from
Britain. He chose to return to the people.
examine the party (TANU) machine and
plan a future strategy. He left control of the
country in Kawawa's hands. A_pre-
independence labour leader, Kawawa was
one of the early leaders who developed
unswerving loyalty to Nyerere and shared
his aspirations. Therefore, when Mwalimu
left Kawawa in control he was doing so to a
long time confidant and trusted political
associate. Indeed, after Nyerere had
returned as President, political observers
speculated that Kawawa stood primus inter
pares as a likely successor to Nyerere’s

residential chain.

Kawawa retained this portfolio when
Tanganyika and Zanzibar united to form
the nied Republic of Tanzania. On top of
that he was appointed Second Vice-
President in the Union government. The
year 1977 brought a new era in Tanzania’s
political history and this era was heralded

important ‘events. One of them was
awawa's exit from Premiership. Some
people argue that Kawawa’s exit came at a
time when it was desired. What they mean is
that it came in the wake of a compulsory
fillagisation programme which did not win
him many fri

riends. Also it followed his
luckless Operation Maduka which closed
down several private shops in rural areas.
The operation earned Nyerere’s caustic
remark: “Any leader who is ordering
closures resulting in people not getting their
necessary requirements is an enemy to
Tanzania's policy of ujamaa and self-
reliance. Private shops,” he added, “will
die a natural death when Sufficient co-
operatives run by competent people are
opened.” It is for this reason that other
observers say that Kawawa’s exit was
inevitable.

Whether these arguments are correct or
not, the fact is that Kawawa’s departure
created room for Edward Moringe
Sokoine. .

Kawawa’s successor was a surprise
choice. Sokoine, was a Defence Minister
when promoted Premier. But he had not

117

been one of Mwalimu’s early disciples.
Although he had been a very active TANU
member, he had not been a prominent
pre-independence politician. He had
worked as a local government administrator
in his home district and skills and
experience he gathered then partly account
for his success in TANU. Recognition came
when he was nominated and subsequently
elected an MP for his district. Sokoine did
not, however, inherit his predecessor's
other title: namely the second Vice-
Presidency. That was abolished with the
birth of the ccm.

Sokoine took over the Premiership when
tasks had piled up. The fact that TANU and
asp, had merged into one political party
meant more work for Mwalimu who is the
chairman. This meant in turn the Prime
Minister had to shoulder other duties.
Besides, a number of things were crying out
for attention: the villagisation programme
was going through a difficult phase.
Spending curbs recommendations made by
a special Presidential committee, KRUM,
awaited implementation. Tanzania was also
adjusting itself to the collapse of the East
African Community at the same time as it
was trying to absorb the repercussions of
the inauspicious dissolution of the co- .
operative societies. Decentralisation had
not worked as well as it might and extensive
revisions had been called for. Also the
protracted, expensive war with Amin had
cast its shadow. Above all, Tanzania was in
an economic bind — hardly the best of times
to take over as Prime Minister. Yet Sokoine
was not deterred, neither by the scale of the
problems he had to combat nor by the
intractableness of some of them.

For the long haul, he fell back on his inner
Tesources: a ferocious tenacity of purpose
and an unshakable determination to
proceed hopefully, however fraught the
journey. A hardworking man himself, he
soon infected others with his commitment.
Neither domineering nor heavy handed but
modest and considerate, he merged with
the people and managed to bring out the
best in them. He travelled extensively and
listened more than he talked — which is
saying a lot in a country where speech-
making is the rage — and as result left relief
and satisfaction even where he failed to
offer immediate succour. It is this elusive
quality of the man who embodied the
promise of salvation rather than who
actually delivered it that endeared him to
the common man.

There was a sense of frustration,
therefore, when he stepped down in 19800n
grounds of ill-health, leaving Cleopa Msuya
to hold the fort. If anything, Msuya proved
a bird of passage.

Sokoine returned three years later to a
terrain which was: familiar but whose
problems had become more entangled than
they were before. He decided that at least
some of the keys to the solutions lay with



GHANA

RAWLINGS: AFRICA, ASIA MUST MOVE AHEAD IN UNITY
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 11 Jun 84 p 5

{Text] THE Chairman of PNDC Flt-Lt. J. J. Rawlings, has said Africa and Asia
must forge spiritual, social, cultural, political and economic unity to ensure
their security.

In a message to the sixth congress of the Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Or-
ganisation (AAPSO) in Algiers, Flt-Lt. Rawlings said history has shown that it
is only through unity that oppressed people could stand up against the forces
of destruction.

The PNDC Chairman said the convening of AAPSO's congress which took place last
May 27 to 30 signified the determination of the Revolutionary Democratic Move-
ments in Africa and Asia to enhance the sovereign will of their peoples to
promote and consolidate the economic and cultural progress of their masses.

He said the AAPSO should be used as a laboratory for measuring the rising hos-
tility directed at Third World countries.

Flt-Lt Rawlings noted that the problems facing Africa such as the independence
of South Africa and Namibia and the arms race are silently strangled through
political and financial subterfuge by countries which have vested interests.

Through a renewed but vigorous campaign, the mass-oriented action by AAPSO
could persuade the apartheid regime to hand over power to the black majority
in both South Africa and Namibia, he added.

Flt-Lt Rawlings reiterated his call for the formation of a viable volunteer
force that would bring assistance to the liberation movements in their strug-
gle to bring freedom to oppressed peoples.

He called for increased economic cooperation between Third World countries as
a méans of eliminating the economic dependence on the advanced countries.

CSO: 3400/2006

16



EQUATORIAL GUINEA

COUNTRY'S CLOSER RELATIONSHIP WITH FRANCE DISCUSSED

London AFRICA NOW in English Jun 84 p 21

{Article by Foday Fofanah:
y

JuntaTM]

[Text]

Delegates at the recent meeting in Madrid
of the co-ordinating Junta of forces opposed
to the government of President Obiang
Nguema of Equatorial Guinea must have

left the conference with mixed feelings.

The good news is that two Bubi groups,
Eri, and First of April (launched on April 1,
1983, hence its name) have rejoined the
Junta after a short split. The policies of First
of April are quite unclear but Eri, for its
part, is viewed as a mature political
organisation by Junta leaders who have
expressed great satisfaction at Eri’s move.

¢ bad news was the absence from the
meeting of former Junta secretary-general
Bia Abeme’s Alianza Nacional para la
Reforma Democratica (ANRD)— said to be
sufiering from “internal problems.” Any
absence from Junta meetings is viewed with
great concern because the organisation
itself is faced with an important question:
whether or not it will survive.

Therefore, it was with great relief that the
Junta was able to hold its Madrid meeting.
But that in itself provided some more
worrying news for members. The Junta is
not financially solvent to carry out its work
and the citizenship of members of the
organisation is turning out to be a moot
point.

‘The Madrid meeting was told that the
Junta could be paralysed if its financial
Rosition did not take a turn for the better.

e situation has become so desperate that
the Junta is looking to Spanish political
parties, financial organisations and groups
with interests in Equatorial Guinea for

help.

11

“Equatorial Guinea: Good and Bad News for the

Much may not come out of this because
groups with interests in Equatorial Guinea
are unlikely to jeopardise their position by
supporting an organisation opposed to the
Malabo regime. Spanish political parties
and the ruling Socialist Party on the other

hand are unsure of the stand they should
take towards Equatorial Guinea.

The other problem is the charge by the
Equatorial Guinean Government that the
Junta is “interfering in the internal affairs”
ofits country. The government in Malabo is
basing its case on the fact that most Junta
members, though born in Equatorial
Guinea, are now Spanish citizens, arguing
that there is no existing agreement with
Spain vis-a-vis dual nationality. Therefore,
if Equatorial Guineans have been granted
Spanish citizenship, they are no longer
Equatorial Guineans and have no right to
tell the Equatorial Guinean Government
how it should run the country.

The exiles told Africa Now that this
situation arose when, during the reign of the
executed Macias Nguema, the embassy in
Madrid refused to renew their passports.
This was aggravated by constant police
harassment which forced the exiles first to
get temporary papers and eventually

panish nationality.

After the coup of August 1979 which
overthrew the despotic Macias Nguema and
installed Obiang Nguema in power, all
Equatorial Guinean exiles were invited to
return home. But many did not accept the
offer. “We were not given any guarantees at
all that we would not be victimised on
return. The point is, one should not return



ZIMBABWE

Hard Life in Communal Areas Described
(Moeletsi Mbeki; THE HERALD, 8 Jun B4) ccaccecess

Central Statistical Office Figures
Agriculture Ministry Assistance

Ordeal of Maize Importing Convoys Through Tete Province
(Brendan Seery; THE STAR, 8 Jun 84) ...6-

Ex-Fighters Sworn in as Magistrates
(THE CHRONICLE, 9 Jun 84) sccscecceccescece

Government Cattle Raising Project for Matabeleland South
(THE HERALD, 14 Jun 84) sccccecccecceccosees

Army Grows Cotton
(THE HERALD, 14 Jun 84) wecceccccccescs

Briefs

N'Angas Warned
Tractors From India
Wings for Paratroopers

129

132

133

134

135

136
136
136



HARD LIFE IN COMMUNAL AREAS DESCRIBED

ZIMBABWE

Central Statistical Office Figures

Harare THE HERALD in English 8 Jun 84 p 10

[Article by Moeletsi Mbeki: "A Tough Life in the Communal Areas..."]

[Text]

A GREAT deal has been said about the bleak iife led
by people in the communal areas; the Central Stati-
stical Office has now produced facts and figures to
prove the claims, ;

‘The first report of the CSO's Zimbabwe National
Household Survey Capability’ Programme — a five-
year research project designed to measure the welfare
of the people — demonstrates conclusively that urgent
steps néeg to be taken to address the acute shortage
of productive resources in the communal areas.

‘The report is a preliminary analysis of the find-
ings from a sample of 1600 households who live in
the communal areag of Mashonaland Central. The
conclusion is that these areas suffer from a shortage of
just about everything a community needs to develop.

‘There is a shortage of able-bodied young males;
there is a shortage of oxen for draught power; there
is a shortage of land; there is a shortage of safe

; water; there is a of toilets, and
there is a sh of the credit facilities the peasants
desperately need to buy sufficient inputs so they can
properly cultivate the tiny plots they do have.

Because of this lack resources, most of the
younger male population of the communal areas have
quite simply packed their bags and left for greener
pastures. Thus while there are more males than fe-
males between the ages of zero and 19, after that,
and especially in the age group between 20 and 49,
there are nearly twice as many women as men.

One of the results of this mass migration by men
of child-rearing age is that in the communal areas
almost half of all households are headed by women.

The positive side of the outward male migration
is that nearly a third (31 percent) of all households
receive remittances from relatives working in urban
areas or elsewhere.

In terms of land ownership, very few households
have no [arid at all. The CSO experts, Cde Campion
Maxwebo and Dr Myint Tin, said during an interview
that many of the households who did not have land
were teachers, nurses, and other professionals who
serviced the peasant’population in return for salaries.

‘What they said was most disturbing was that the
average size of plots at 4,8 acres was very stnall and
most of the Households do not have adequate cattle
to work even the small plots they have.' Half of the
households have no cattle and another 28 percent
have less than five cattle.

Dr Tin, a specialist. from the United Nations who
has been seconded to CSO, stressed that at Jess than
5 acres, the average holding is not economical, given
the low productivity of communal areas. .

“This holding size determines the agricultural
production that can theoretically be expected on that
technical unit as well as the implements that ean
feasibly be used, hence the scale of agricultura} opera-

“Judgin; the average holding size, only small
scale goeltueat production is feasible,” the report
says. It concludes, “ag the basic agricultural resource,
holding size places the upper limit to development on
an extensive basis”.

A striking feature about the report's findings on
cattle ownership is that while over 75 percent of the
households have between five and no cattle, there is a
tiny proportion of households that has large numbers
of cattle at its disposal.

The survey reveals that 2.5 percent of households
have more than 20 head of cattle, thus refiecting
a strong class differentiation within the communal
areas,

The CSO officers gaid they had not been able to
determine whether the actual owners of these large
herds were full-time farmera or whether they were
members of the black elite who are normally resident
in towns but keep livestock in communal aréas, a
practice that is known to be widespread. Case studies
woula reveal the real ownership of these herds, they
said.

An important aspect to the development of the
communal areas is access to loans for agricultural
activities. The survey found that those households
receiving loans were noticeably better off than those
not receiving any. About three-quarters of all house-
holds received no loans at all however.

129



Offshore gas production would encourage trade and foreign investment in South
Africa, according to Mr Rod Ironside, president of the Federated Chamber of
Industries. It would indicate to the world South Africa's ability.

"Viable finds of gas could have a significant effect on how South Africa is
seen by overseas organisations," he said.

"It could also change the whole economic nature of the country."

The plan to produce petrol and diesel from gas, if approved, would obviously
make the country less dependent on oil imports.

"We are in recession and, coming at this time, most people would think off-
shore gas production was certainly something worth looking at. It could turn
the corner for us.

"It would certainly give the country a strategic advantage."

The 24 Hours team understands Soekor is now on the verge of production
targets.

Soekor say they would have to study how best to raise finance.

"Even if all goes well, and further drilling results are promising, it may
take four or five years to launch into full-scale commercial production," said
one Soekor executive.

"We are thrilled by developments--and we are pushing ahead as fast as
possible. But a venture of this scale needs careful preparation."

The first detail report and recommendations are likely to go to Mr Danie
Steyn, Minister of Minister and Energy Affairs, whose department is being fed
information of new drilling results almost daily.

But an ultimate decision is also likely to rest with Mr Dawie de Villiers,
Minister of Commerce and Industries, who sits in control of the Industrial
Development Corporation, which in turn owns 100 percent of Soekor.

Any by-products from the production of petrol and diesel from offshore gas
could be exported to neighbouring countries to relieve the high cost of ex-
ploiting the field, said Mr Ironside.

Gas production would require a big infrastructure and would create many jobs.

"The possibility of putting South Africa further towards self-sufficiency
would have a tremendous psychological effect," said Mr Ironside.

Investment in production would also fit in with the Prime Minister's policy on
concentrating development on South Africa instead of Namibia.

107



INCREASED COTTON PRICE--NIGERIAN Cotton Board (NCB) has announced an increase
in the producer price of cotton from 560 Naira to 700 Naira per tonne for the
1984/85 season. The General Manager of the board, Alhaji Abubakar Tunau,

said in Funtua over the weekend that the distrib ution of over 20,000 tonnes

able to farmers to protect their crops against insects. Producer prices for
kenaf, paddy rice, mill rice, maize, wheat, millet, beans and guineacorn have
been announced as follows:- kenaf-431,00 Naira per tonne; paddy rice-500.00
Naira per tonne; mill rice-596.00 Naira per tonne; beans-600.00 Naira per
tonne; millet-360.00 Naira Per tonne; guineacorn-360.00 Naira per tonne and
cotton~700.00 Naira per tonne. [Text] [Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 5 Jun
84 p 16]

CSO: 3400/2011

66



GHANA

GRAPHIC: RELATIONSHIP WITH UPPER VOLTA UNRIVALED ON CONTINENT

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 6 Jun 84 p 2

[Editorial:

[Text]

"Ghana-Upper Volta Solidarity")

IN the course of celebrating the
fifth anniversary of the June 4
Uprising and the Armed Forces
Week, Ghana has been the pri-,
vileged host to august visitors
from Upper Volta. They include
the wife of Captain Thomas
Sankara, leader of the Voltaic
revolution, a member of the Na-
tional Council of the Revolution
(CNR), officers and men of the
Voltaic Armed Forces and a cul-
tural troupe.

Our Voltaic guests have partici-
pated alongside Ghanaians In
several events over the past few
days. They were with our soldi-
ers on the route march in Accra
on June 4, they were with us
during the dedication of the Re-
volutioh Square, they were
participants at the parachute
display at the Air Force Station.

During their stay with us, our guests,
particularly the soldiers, have won the.
hearts of Ghanaians with their dedica-
tion to their revolutionary principles,
their high consciousness and their
smart appearance. The Voltaics have
therefore enhanced the respect Gha-
naians have for the revolution in their
country.

Since the coming into power of Captain
Sankara, Ghana-Upper Volta reletions
have improved to the extent that we

21



SOUTH AFRICA WILL FINANCE VEGETABLE OIL FEED MILL

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Jun 84 p 22

[Text]

cso:

3400/1099

SOUTH African and
US funds will finance a
R15-million vegetable
oil and cattle cake feed
mill to be built at Lo-
batse, Botswana. The
milt will make the
country: independent
of South African sup-
plies and aid its meat
export business with
European Community
countries, currently
running around R29-
million annually.

Building is being co-or-
dinated by the Hidra
Group for Botswana-
based Agricultural Enter-
prises (AE). AE has
South — African-sourced
export credits worth
about R1,85-million cov-
ering an IDC loan which
will partly meet the con-
struction costs of the bill's
R750 000 two kilometre
railway spur with a six-
track siding. This will be
built by Racec, a Metkor
subsidiary.

International financing
and the procurement of
seed overseas for the
mill’s initial output are
being negotiated by
Equator Bank, the Con-
necticut-based merchant
banking arm in Africa. of
the Hong Kong and
Shanghair Bank.

Capacity of the mill is

put at 60 000 tons of sun-
flower seed to yield some
22.000 tons of oil and
35 000 tons of oilcake a
year. Initially seed will be
imported from the US,
but local farmers will be
encouraged to grow sun-
flower. .

‘The factory is expected
to come on stream in
about a year, and will
have its own power and
water supplies and plas-
tic-bottle. manufacturing
unit.

Silo and grain-handling
equipment is to come
from Brazil, the feed mill
from Italy, bottle-making
plant from West Ger-
many, the refinery from,
Belgium and the oil ex-
pellers and heaters from
Taiwan.

The cattle-feed output
will be particularly valu-
able to Botswana’s ranch-
ers. Currently a large pro-
portion of its cattle have
lengthy treks to the Lo-
batse abattoir and arrive
in poor condition.

With oil cake and feed-
lots readily available,
however, ranchers will be
able to sell their herds to
‘AE who would then bring
the animals to peak fat-
tened condition before
delivery to the slaughter-
houses.

BOTSWANA



GHANA

GRAPHIC CALLS FOR STRENGTHENING OF INVESTIGATIONS STRUCTURE
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY in English 11 June 84 p2
[Editoral: “Tightening the Loose Ends")

[Text] WHEN one considers the wide range of investigations which needs to be
undertaken into public corporations, ministries and various institutions to
uproot the rot which ruined this dear country, one begins to wonder if the
various structures set up to deal with these problems are strong enough to
cope with the amount of work that needs to be done.

Perhaps, it is time to look into the operations of the National Investigations
Committee, the offices of the Special Prosecutor and the Co-ordinator of In-
vestigations, Vettings and Tribunals, the Board of Public Tribunals and the
Office of the Revenue Commissioners to see if they are sufficiently well-or-
ganised and strong to deal with their tasks.

There are many reasons why this is necessary. To begin with, let us take the
National Investigations Committee. Some of their investigations have to deal
with influential persons who apart from getting other influential persons to
put in a word or two on their behalf, can also block the investigations here
and there by causing the disappearance of files and other vital documents.

To forestal these Manoeuvres, cases before it must be treated with great dis-
patch. Is the National Investigations Committee as Presently constituted suf-
ficiently organised and strong enough to cope with the pressure of work? Has

it the personnel it needs so that it does not accumulate too Many uncompleted
investigations?

When the National Investigations Committee has finished with a case, it goes
to the Special Prosecutor's office for the necessary docket to be prepared and
to bring it before the Public Tribunals. Again, has the office of the Special

Prosecutor the necessary staff to process the cases and keep them moving as
they come in?

The Public Tribunals also do not have enough hands to keep the cases moving as
the dockets come in.

26



SOUTH AFRICA

ACADEMIC ACCUSES OFFICIALS OF SUPPRESSING 'ROOTS' THEORY PAPER

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 10 Jun 84 p 5

[Article by David Jackson]

[Text]

A VISITING overseas researcher Is at the centre of
a behind-the-scenes row In which he accuses lead-
Ing university academics of deliberately suppress-
Ing controversial theorles about the history of
southern African blacks.

The dispute has even reached the academic freedom commit-
tee of the University of Cape Town, which was asked to rule ona

complaint by Anglo
American research fel-
low at UCT, Dr Cyril
Hromnik — after an
academic journal at
the university refused
to ublish one of his ar-
es,

A university spokesman
said this week the committee
had found that there was “no
infringement of Dr Hrom-
nik’s academic freedom”.

But Czechoslovakian-born

History of sub-

ica. :
It contradicts some of the
accepted views ‘of African

The article in question ~
“Proto Bantu in the light of
history” — was turned down
by the university journal, So-
clal Dynamics, after Dr
Hrot claimed it had been’

Dr Hromnik, who holds a
masters degree in African first accepted in principle for
and Portuguese studies from Putas d jon.
Prague’s ‘les University, 1e dispute is officially re-
told the Sunday Times: age internal aca-
Deere et me'byceriain _, Butt has become a hotly-
. debated talking point among
fendi ics to suppress the pome ace
watt th earch t goes Some told me f vately Dr
tion of ‘South cab his. Hromnik was “abrasively”
” pursuing the matter because
Feit ee"gfS th anos kad owe roe
ea jose ‘who ‘
feve Africa evolved in iso- ed By academics - a only
lation. "They claimed many of Dr
. Er ik’s ideas about Afri-
Contradicts can ‘roots’ in the continent
had been discredited.

He believes mubSabaran pr Hromls revolutionary
African culture, language concept of sub-Saharan
Gi ee

ent - G
and later Indonesian — ex. Rth 8 Sruly intercontinental

plorers and settlers.

95

aking nt UCT for the pat
701 al
working

three years on @
grant from the Anglo Ameri-
can Corporation.

He holds a PRD in

ry from Syracuse U
yin New York.

‘Hitting out at the rejedgion
of his article, Dr
wrote to the campus maga-
zine UCT News — ina contri-
bution also not published —

ie:

“This totally non-aca-
demic and politically-worded
rejection casts a deep shad-
ow on the current debate
about academic freedom at
the University of Cape

Town.

He added: “Censorship and
suppression — condemned as
it is at UCT — a se
garely to have fc its home

ere.

“To think the unthinkable
is not an easy task, but with-
out it there is no true scholar-
ship worth printing.” °

HN eee Ene

Debate

‘The article he wrote for

southern African issues —
was, submitted for publica-



TELEMECANIQUE EXPANSION PLAN REPORTED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 7 Jun 84 p 4

[Article by David Furlonger]

[Text]

cso:

TELEMECANIQUE SA, one
of the biggest producers of
control and automation pro-
ducts, has embarked on a
R3,5m expansion pro-
gramme.

" The Sandton-based company,
which is moving to new headquar-
ters in September, has secured a
large slice of the local market since
being set up as a wholly owned sub-
sidiary of its French parent in 1971.

The managing director Mr Eu-
gene Wannenburg, says Telemecan-
igue leads the field in the sale of
electro-mechanical contacters, or
magnet circuits.

“Others might have a bigger
turnover, but we are the biggest in
quantity.”

; It is also prominent in sales of
busbars — insulated parallel bars
to reticulate electricity in large in-
dustfial and commercial build-

Although it is a subsidiary, Tele-
mecanique’s South African man-
agement is given a largely free
band to run its own affairs.

“France lets us work very inde-
pendently,” says Mr Wannenburg.

3400/2010

88

“Once a year, management of all
the company’s subsidiaries fet to-
gether in France for two weeks and
decide general Policies for the year.

“Obviously they influence us at
the time they make that plan, but
afterwards they leave it to us to
decide what we want to do locally.”

The South African company ini-
tially had a French managing direc-
tor running its affairs, but South
Africans have been in charge since
19%. Mr Wannenburg took over in

980,

Telemecanique’s French parent
has subsidiaries on all five conti-
nents. The South African connection
is one of its most profitable and
extends to some of the country’s
immediate neighbours, including
Swaziland and Lesotho.

Other neighbours, such as Zim-
babwe and Malawi, are supplied
through the main export division in
France. . .

“Only if the freight routes are
inconvenient for Francé will we
Supply that country,” says Mr Wan-
nenburg.”

Telemecanique markets a wide
Tange of control and automation
products,

“The mainstay of our Success is
product innovation,” says Mr Wan-
nenburg.


BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

DIAMOND PRODUCTION--GABORONE~-Mining diamond production in Botswana rose by 38
Percent to 10 731 165 carats in 1983, valued at about R538n, according to the
annual report of the Department of Mines, published yesterday. The Orapa Mine
Tecovered 4 334 645 carats from 7 686 000 tons treated, but the recovered
Srade declined from 66,6 to 60,3 carats Per 100 tons, the Teport said. The

carats recovered from 2 316 000 tons treated. The recovered grade improved
from 20,9 to 23,5 carats pér 100 tons, the Teport added. The Jwaneng mine
Produced 5 852 998 carats from 4 817 000 tons treated, with a recovered grade

of 121,5 carats per 100 tons treated. [Text] [Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER
in English 15 Jun 84 p 3]

CSO: 3400/1099



ANTI-UDF BODY SUSPENDED PENDING PROBE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 Jun 84 p14

[Text]

cso:

3400/2010

DURBAN. — The Stu-
dent Action Front (SAF)
at the University of Natal,
Pietermaritzburg, has
been suspended from fur-
ther activities, pending an
inquiry into the activities
of the organisation.

At a meeting on the
campus on Monday night
students voted  over-
whelmingly against the
way the SAF operated on
the campus and fully sup-
ported an SRC move to
have the organisation sus-
pended. .

Mr Philip _ Powell,
chairman of the SAF, de-
clined to comment yester-
day.

On Monday night he
Tead out a prepared state-
ment to the SRC meeting
but declined to answer
any questions afterwards.

The suspension of the
organisation is a sequel to
the organisation’s alleged
infringement of SRC
regulations by making
unsubstantiated —_allega-
tions, in various pam-
phlets distributed on the
campus, that the United
Democratic Front’s mil-
lion-signature campaign
was used for “ANC re-

94

cruitment” and not for
co-operating with the
SRC.

The commission which
is to probe the SAF will
include law lecturers and
the Vice-Principal of the
university, Professor D
Schreiner.

Earlier this month and
last month the SAF called
on the United Democrat-
ic Front to prove in a
court of law that its mil-
lion signature campaign
against apartheid was not
being used for “ANC re-
cruitment”,

The pamphlets, issued
by the organisation, were
distributed on the campus
last week, entitled “Don't
rave UDF, Sue!”

Last month the organi-
sation alleged, in another
pamphlet, that UDF pet-
ition forms were found
among “ANC docu-
ments”, which were
brought into South Africa
from neighbouring states,
with underlined names
and addresses of people
regarded as potential
ANC recruits.

Ar the time Mr Powell
said that he stood by the
contents of the pam-
phiets.

SOUTH AFRICA


SOUTH AFRICA

INCREASE IN NUMBER OF BLACK STUDENTS REPORTED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 12 Jun 84 p 2

[Text]

cso:

THE NUMBER of black children in
primary schools has soared by more
than 134 000 in the last year, while in
the same period the number of white
children in primary schools dropped
by a dramatic 10 800.

There are now more than 3,2 mil-
lion black children in primary
schools alone — 5¥ times more than
whites.

These are just some of the facts to
emerge from the official educational
statistics for 1983 and 1984, released
by the Central Statistics Services in
Pretoria recently.

These statistics include the six self-
governing homelands which are fac-
ing a pupil boom far greater than the
population explosion in South Afri-
can schools.

In an attempt to meet the needs of
this overwhelming surge of black pu-
pils, the Department of Education
and Training built 476 new schools
during 1983.

Boost

About 8 600 new teachers were
added to the ranks of the black
teaching profession, bringing the
number of black teachers close to
99 000.

3400/2010

This boost has helped decrease the
pupil/teacher ratio in black schools
to almost 40:1.

But while black teachers struggle
to teach classes with 10 more pupils
in each class than the De Lange Re-
port recommended, white schools
enjoy classes with less than half the
number of pupils in each class, com-
pared to black classes.

The average white school in 1984
had a teacher/pupil ratio of 1:18.

Drop

Despite the sharp drop in white
primary school pupils, seven new
schools have been built for whites
and 450 more teachers have entered
the profession this year.

The expansions in white education
were prompted by the increase in
secondary school pupils whose num-
bers have grown by more than 2 000
in the last year.

The Indian school-going popula-
tion had remained almost static dur-

“ing the last year.

But the number of coloured pupils
grew by more than 14 500 between
1983 and 1984 to 788 798 — more
than triple the Indian pupil popula-
tion.

99



last year, there were those who predicted he
was about to move again.

Bomani was marginalised because, it has
been said, last time he was sounded out he
did not warm up to the idea. Otherwise, he
would have done justice to the post.

One of TANU’s founding fathers,
Bomani, like Malecela has held important
Ministerial posts before. Between 1960 and
1972 he was Minister of Agriculture, Co-
operation and Development, Economic
Affairs and Development Planning as well
as Commerce and Industry.

In the event, Nyerere opted for Salim
Salim. Observers have taken this as a

response to the dramatic developments in
Southern: Africa coupled with the Zanzibar
affair. Salim will be expected to act as a
trouble-shooter there. In fact he has alread
begun to act as one. In the meantime talk
about his fresh bid for the UN top job has
subsided.

The shuffle, which has trimmed the
Cabinet from 22 to 15 Ministers, sees
Benjamin Mkapa returning to the Foreign
Ministry after an absence of several years.
His Principal Secretary, Paul Rupia, is
being tipped for big things to come. Rupia is
the son of another TANU founding father,

John Rupia @

Ali Hassan Mwinyi

London AFRICA NOW in English Jun 84 p 62

[Text]

Elected Zanzibar’s new President by an overwhelming majority, Ali

Hassan Mwinyi regards his role to
of divisions within the nation

be that of a conciliator and healer

Zanzibaris, it seems, recognise a man of
consensus when they listen to one. They
have just voted one into the Presidency wit!
a whopping 87% after only three months of
canvassing. It was an extraordinary affair.
Zanzibaris cannot remember the last time a
Presidential candidate launched himself
into a whirlwind campaign trail to remote
places in search of votes.

Yet there was Ali Hassan Mwinyi doin;
just that, not in the curt imperatives of his
predecessors, but in the persuasive tones of
somebody who knew the vote belonged to
the people to give and withhold. Also that,
although he has been chosen to do the job,
he was not necessarily the best available.
The effect of such modesty was electrifying.

Earlier doubts and even hostility got
whittled away, giving place to tentative
hope and conk lence. In his speeches he left
no doubt that, as a leader, he saw himself in
the mould of Abubakar as-Siddiq, the first
Moslem Caliph. Indeed, Abubakar’s
famous quotation kept re-appearing in
Mwinyi’s speeches in a paraphrased form:
“In my eyes the weak shall be strong until I
restore to them their lost rights; and the
strong shall be weak in my eyes until I have
restored the rights of the weak from them.”

In quoting copiously from the Quran
while addressing political rallies, Mwinyi is
very much in the political tradition no
matter what the political party. But he
differs from the majority in his effortless
grasp of the verses he quotes, the apposite
allegory and the didactic repetition that
drives the point finally home.

He also differs especially from Abeid
Amani Karume in his concept of power.
Karume was enamoured of a_pafticular
verse of the Quran to the point of obsession.
“Such days of varying fortunes,” he used to
quote almost in every speech, “we give to
men and men by turns,” and then stop dead
as if that was the end of the affair. Mwinyi,
on the other hand, weaves verses into his
speech which carry the debate further into
accountability to God first for whom he
holds power in trust and second to people
upon whom he exercises it.

He has been elected, he says, to reconcile
and heal the nation since divisions have run
too long and deep. He has backed up his
words with actions. He has pushed the
political frontiers forward to include into
the political process all manner of outcasts,
both from Rarume’s as well as Jumbe’s
regimes. In some cases he has had pension
benefits restored to elements whose only
crime was they held political views deemed
not in accord with the government of the
day. All these are bold measures,
inconceivable seven months ago.

However, Mwinyi’s known profound
allergy for the rough-and-tumble of politics
has provoked reservations in some party
circles that tough measures may not easily
suggest themselves to him even when they
are necessary. His declaration that applying
medicine to the crust is not the best way to
heal a wound should temporarily conciliate
those reservations. Although it is early days
yet to say how deep is he prepared to go to
seek out the roots @ .

115



UNTAPPED GOLD RESERVES IN NIGER STATE NOTED

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 11 Jun 84 p 16

[Article by Yusuf Ozi Osman]

{Text}

cso:

NIGER State has gold reserves
waiting to be tapped, Governor
David Mark, said’in Kano last
Friday.

He said at the launching of the
Niger State Development Fund
that for some strange reasons the
gold reserves had not been tap-
ved because ‘‘someone decided
that gold mining was no longer a
Irofitable venture.”

The governor said the situa-
tion “beats my imagination the
more when I .know that the
economy of certain countries
depended on gold minning,” he
said.

He said when we cried daily of
Jack of raw mateirals.whcih had
forced many factories to close
down, a state which was so
naturally -blessed with all the
potentials to provide these raw
materials was neglected.

He said one of the natural bless-
ings of the state was the develop-
ment of Baro Port, adding that
the need to develop these raw
materials needed no emphasis.

Governor Mark suggested that
all the states in the North should
contribute towards Baro Port.

He wondered why Niger State
was so: backward in industrial,
development in spite of these
potentials for the continous pro-

3400/2011

duction and supply of essential
raw materials.

He said the government of
Niger State was prompted into
launching the fund because it was
convinced that the state was en-
dowed with vast potentials for
viable agro-based and related in-
dustries,

The economy the state, he said,
was based mainly on food crop
production, adding that grains
Such as guineacorn, millet, maize
and rice were grown in large
quantities,

He said with the increase in
Population, it was impossible for
our peasant farmers to Provide

our needs - without going
mechanised and that it was dif-
ficult to mechanise without pro-
viding the pre-requisites and
functional education for the local
farmers who constituted over 80
Per cent of our population,

‘His Kano State counterpart,
Air Commodore Hamza Ab-
dullahi, who launched the fund,
donated '20,000 Naira on behalf of
the state government. The total
amount collected was over
150,000 Naira.

62

NIGERIA



ECONOMIC FUTURE LINKED TO REDUCING TERRITORIAL HEGEMONY

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 10 Jun 84 p 31

{Article by Ron Schurink:

Fulfilment")

[Text]

ALL the ‘inhabitants of
South Africa should be sor-
ty that the Afrikaners did
Dot achieve national self-
fulfilment long before 1961.

If they had, they would
have achieved it in a far
less, gestile internal and ex-
ternal environment, been
Jess intent on securing a
hard-won position, and
been able & focus more
clearly on another impor-
tant socio-political devel-
opment in the Western
world.

An Afrikanerdom more
Secure in the 50s would
have paid much more at-
tention to the ¢ Planning and
founding of the European
Economic Community.

Flaw

It is possible that, by to-
day, we would have been
far advanced along a simi-
lar road of reconciliation
and rationalisation — the
Afrikaners seeking to se-
cure their position much
less by strength of arms
than by summoning the
blacks to a common ecé-
nomic effort.

Today we do have a com-
mon economic effort with
the blacks, but only latterly
in the relatively minor wa’
Tepresented by the Devel-
opment Bank and the re-
gional economic develop-
ment bodies, has it in any
way been exemplified insti-
tutionally.

There is a serious flaw in

68

our institutions, our atti-
tudes and our vision which
— unless we repair it —
will do us all serious dam-
age.
Whites see the potential
litical threa emetich
lacks pose before they see
the economic potential of
everyone working together;
and, not surprisingly,
blacks see whites’ iter
economic well-being as
Testing on political power
rather than anything else
and make the achievement
of similar political power
their own primary goal.
It’s all so tragically mis-
taken, and could cost us
dearly not only in bloody
conflict, but also in lost-de-
velopment opportunities.

Change -

Ina speech to the inter-
national congress of the In-
stitute of Chartered Secre-
taries-and Administrators
which was held in the Kru-
ger Park last month, the
chief investment officer of
one of America’s biggest
banks, Mr Peter Vermi Wye,
said: “We are witnessing
the beginning of an era in
which global cash flows
will dwarf movements of
capital within an economy
— even an economy as
large as that of the US.

“,.. a8 a manager of oth-
er people’s money, I have
the responsibility of identi-
fying those characteristics

SOUTH AFRICA

"A Pity Afrikaners Took So Long to Reach National



GHANA

MENSAH'S OPPOSITION GROUP ACTIVITIES DISCUSSED
Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 8, 9 Jun 84
(Editorial: “Letter from Hamburg (1)"]

[8 Jun 84 p 2}

[Text] The 'People's Daily Graphic’ yesterday published a letter from a
long-time Ghanaian student leader in the Federal German Republic which
reveals a lot of facts and truths about the activities of the Ghanaian
politicians and others who out of bad conscience ran away on the coming of
the revolution, sought refuge abroad and have teamed up, even with duly
convicted criminals, to work for the collapse of the revolution.

Facts revealed in the letter confirm what has been clear to many--that
these fugitives are emboldened to indulge in their campaign of lies
against the revolutionary process because they know that the overeseas
audience to whom they tell lies about events in Ghana are not in the
position to readily ascertain the truth, and because they also know that
most Ghanaians have not got the means to hear and reply to all the lies
they tell abroad about what Ghanaians are trying to achieve at home through
the revolutionary process for their nation and for their own better future.

So when a good chance, as offered by the letter, comes from Ghanaians to
know the falsehoods of these fugitives from somebody who is an eye witness
of their activities, it is worthwhile to hear these activities exposed for
what they are worth.

Another interesting thing revealed by the letter is that these fugitives,
even as they are in refuge in foreign lands because of their misdeeds in their
own country, cannot resist the temptation of continuing with their corrup-
tion abroad.

Latest Group
Yesterday's letter was mainly about the activities of the latest group, the
Ghana Democratic Movement, led by J.H. Mensah. It revealed that the execu-

tives of the movement have taken advantage of the immigration problems facing
many Ghanaians in Germany to exploit them. The movement has contrived a

13



cso:

tion with the endorsement of
two referees, one of whom

wrote :

“This should pro-
voke lively debate. The issues
... aise a number of funda-
mental Pegtions about tory
nature e,
and culture in Africa and be-
yond.” -

‘The current rumpus be;
on October 12 last year when
Dr Hromnik received a letter
from the journal’s editorial
committee say that “pub-
lication of you article is not
in the best interests of the
journal and of the University
of Cape Town.”

It added: “We decline to
accept the article and hereby
overrule any impression you
ma’ y have been ven that the

le n accepted.”

At the time, Dr Hromnik
added a notation in the mar-
gin: “Not even the university
of Moscow would send me
such a rejection. This is the
language of ideology and

ics.”

Dr Hromnik later ap-

led in writing to Dr BJ

lor, chairman of the aca-
demic staff association.

He alleged there was
“ideological prejudice
against my objective re-
‘search into African history’.

‘The matter was referred to
the academic freedom com-
mittee.

This body wrote to him on

3400/2010

96

It added: “Debate on your”
theory has not been ‘sup-
pressed by the university but
‘we (the committee) consider”
the letter
of rejection of your article by

editorial committee of

told me: “My battle is with
certain academics because I
eepressed a view of Africa

“Some of them perceive

ty views as threatening the
they are pushing.

“Ideo! gical ly, black na-
tlonalism in Africa has to be
justified and most scholars
are engaged in doing khis.

“But black Africa did not
develop in isolation.

e le are con-
cerned with their own repu-
tations. They have commit-
ted themselves to their own
ideas and they try to suppress
views that do not fit their
trendy viewpoint?”



overflight, thus earning more foreign exchange for the country in order to fa-
cilitate the repayment of the loan used for the project.

At the moment, he pointed out what is needed is a guarantee from the Bank of
Ghana to enable the project to start.

CSO: 3400/2006

18



BUDGET FEATURES TAX INCREASES

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 14 Jun 84 pp 1, 7

{Article by Peter Kenny]

FROM JULY 1 GENERAL SALES
TAX< is to increase from seven to nine
percent and from the middle of July the
Department of Finance will have con-
trol over the spending of second-tier

[Text]

governments.

The hike in GST was an-
nounced by the Ad-
ministrator General at the
reading of his Budget
speech in the Turnhalle
yesterday.

At a media conference
this morning at the same
venue, Dr Van Niekerk an-
nounced the thorny issue
of the control over the
spending of second-tier
Authorities would be
brought under Centrali
Government control.

Dr Van Niekerk was
asked to clarify the figure
of R658m that South
African Prime Minister,
Mr PW Botha, said this
country’s costs SA each
year.

The AG was unable to

give a-rand-for-rand
breakdown of Mr Botha’s,
figure.

He said if one took the

“R318m_ direct aid this

country receives from SA
plus the R98m SA says
Namibia owes for the run-

ning of the SA Transport
Services, plus a figure of
about R100m for customs
and excise which SA
“gave” to Namibia, plus
the surety that SA stands
for loans to Namibia, one
arrived at a figure near to
that used by Mr PW
Botha.

Earlier the Secretary of
Finance, Dr Johan Jones,
had mentioned a figure of
about R50m which came
in virtual gift form from
customs and excise.

But there has never been
an accurate study done of
what is really due Namibia,
an export-orientated
country, from customs and
excise.

Dr Van Niekerk, who
began by trying to answer
questions in a forthright
manner, clearly began to
tire after about an hour.

. He began to engage in
his old tactic of repartee,
refusing to answer a ques-
tion on the possibility of
the Government raising

47

NAMIBIA



JAN SMUTS COULD BE CHALLENGED BY SWAZI AIRPORT -

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 12‘Jun 84 p 11

[Text]

cso:

3400/2010

LONDON — Aviation auth-
orities in Britain see “no
reason at all” why Matsa-
pa Airport should not be-
come a major challenge to
Jan Smuts as long as the
airlines who decide to es-
tablish cut-price routes
from Europe to Swaziland
can bear the cost. ©

But President Lucas
Mangope’s proposal to
open the new international
airport in Bophuthatswana
for the same e is un-
likely to get off the ground.

Bophuthatswana re-
mains unrecognised by al-
most every country — and
therefore no legal interna-
tional flight agreement can
be reached, a British Gov-
ernment spokesman said in
London yesterday.

A spokesman for the De-
partment of Transport —
the authority which would
be required to ratify any
new air service between
Britain and another coun-
try — said: “As we do not
recognise Bophuthatswana,
there’s no way an air ser-
vice agreement can be set

up. As for Swaziland, we
already have an agree-
ment with them, so that
‘should be no problem.”

And Britain's Civil Avia-
tion Authority said it saw
‘no reason why such an ar-
rangement should not be
viable,

“But there are thousands
of details which would
have tobe ironed out and
the airline concerned

. would have ‘to be able to.

bear the cost,” a spokes-
man said. “It would be an
extremely expensive un-
dertaking.”

DISMISSED

Neither the Department
of Transport nor the CAA
was aware that any Brit-
ish airline planed to set up
such a service. British Ca-
ledonian, one of Britain’s
most adventurous smaller
airlines, dismissed the pos-
sibility outright.

“There are no plans for
this. We would be very re-
luctant to go into competi-
tion on a route already do-
minated by British Air-
ways and South African
Airways.” .

92

SOUTH AFRICA



STRONGER COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN PEOPLE'S SHOPS CALLED FOR

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 13 Jan 84 p 2

[Editorial:

[Text]

“People's Shops for Who?"]

AS the discussion on people’s
shops continues at various le-
vels, we find it pertinent to return
to the subject in our editorial
columns. The reason being that
it is only through open and frank
debate that we can build a
strong and viable People’s Shop
system. .

In a television discussion pro-
gramme last Sunday a number

_ of views were expressed which
we consider very relevant to
share with the reading public.
One is that it is time the concept
of People’s Shops was properly
RELATED to the COMMUNITY.

The second point was that the
shops should be oriented to-
wards encouraging locally-
grown items; the idea being that
it is time to shift from the over-
emphasis on only imported
goods. .

The “People’s Daily Graphic” wis-
hes to endorse these points and
offer a few remarks.

The importance of making
People’s Shops COMMUNITY-
OWNED cannot be over-
emphasized. Though difficulties

30

GHANA



Virtually .all loans were provided the Agricul-
tural Finance Corporation with the pa Rete) banks
making no loans at all for Peasant agricultural acti-
vities. A sub-sample of 26 households receiving’ loans
and 83 not receiving loans was analysed. It was found
that those receiving loans were much better off than
the average peasant household. The average size of
their holdings were larger, at 6,1 acres, and they had
more cattle, 6,5 on average, compared to 4,8 acres and
2,9 head of cattle for those not receiving any loans.

The survey also found a atro) blag against
female-headed households in the way AFC gave loans.

‘Whereas fémale-headed households made ‘up about
half of all households, 65 percent of the households
receiving loans were headed by males. Those not re-
ceiving loans were however better educated, ha’
reached grade 3 on average while those receiving loans
had only reached grade 2 on average.

The CSO officers felt there was room for improv:
ing access to credit if co-operation between and

Agritex could be strengthened. — Zimpapers Feature
Service, .

Agriculture Ministry Assistance

Harare THE HERALD in English 8 Jun 84 pill

[Article by Moeletsi Mbeki:

[Text]

WHEN he grew up in
Chiota communal lands in
Mashonaland East, Enos
Shumba’s world did not

panded ‘hig noctzone, thoy
O08,
now extend to all

the

communal areas of Zim-
babwe.

As a research officer

Agriculture's Department
of Research and Spectal-
ist Services, his job is to
search for means to help
peasant farmers pil
their way through the
maze of agricultural bott-
lenecks that history and
nature has purdened the
(peasants wit! own
parents cultivated wane
with only 6 cattle en
he was growing up, so he
‘can rightly claim to have
first hand experience of
the problem. He trained
ag an agronomist at: the
University of a
In_ helping the
peadentp, the de
ent’s philosophy is
that its proposed solu-
tfons should not be
foisted on the peasants
from above but that they
ghould rather be de-
veloped jointly with the
‘peasants themselves,

",..Shumba's Trying To Improve It"]

One of the critical
areas Cde Shumba ig in-
vestigating is the cultiva-
ton of small grains —

peasant farmers.
He: has found that de-

has steadily been dis-
placing the small grains
since the turn of the cen-
tury, lange areog of the
communal lands, nearly
40 percent of the land
under cultivation, are de-
voted to growing small

The peasants grow
small graing for their
own consumption rather
than for sale though he
says indirectly small
grains’ do enter ,the
Money economy in that
the traditional beer which
is brewed from sorghum
is sometimes sold for
cash, .

Cde Shumba was con-
fident however that there
is a future for small
grains as cash crops for
communal areas. The
manufacturerg “of the

popular beer “Chibuku”,
said, have expressed
willingness to support the

introduction of a variety

sorghum calle? Red
Swazi as a cash crop in
the communal areas of



system under which you register as a member in return for the movement's
assistance to procure resident permit for you. The registration fee for
membership of the movement is 60 DM, in addition to monthly dues to 10 DM.
The membership card expires every six months and the movement has made sure
that the resident permit,too, is for six months. So that every six months
your re-registration as a member of the movement becomes the condition for
the renewal of your resident permit.

Anyone who knows the hard conditions under which many Ghanaians who have

no valid papers live in Europe, especially the unskilled ones who form the
majority would understand why for the sake of survival and in order to
avoid arrest and imprisonment, the Ghanaians have no choice but to accept
the blackmail by the movement. As is clearly indicated in the letter, the
movement would, indeed, cause the arrest and repatriation of those who

fail to register and constantly renew their membership fee and monthly dues.

With the moneys thus wickedly extorted from already suffering Ghanaians in
Europe, the executives of the movement live in comfort and travel frequently
all over the place. The executives must continue to enjoy the lifestyles
of comfort which they were used to in Chana through the corrupt means of
making money by which they helped to destroy our country's economy from
which we are all suffering now. And they have no qualms about using similar
means to live in comfort by taking advantage of the misery of Ghanaians
there to make money. .

[Editorial: "Letter from Hamburg (2)"]
[9 Jan 84 p 2]

[Text] . The letter from the Ghanaian student in Hamburg ("People's Daily
Graphic,’ June 7, 1984) reveals two main aspects of the true colours of the
fugitive groups abroad who seek to discredit the December 31 revolution
by waging a campaign of villification against its leadership and of lies
about its process. One aspect of their activities is their attempts to use
the groups as a means of extorting money from helpless Ghanaians abroad in
order to cater for the comfort of the executives. The other aspect is the
dishonesty of their claim to be fighting for democracy in Ghana.

In our editorial yesterday we referred to the facts which the letter
revealed of some of the means by: which they blackmail unsuspecting
Ghanaians to pay money into the funds of the groups only to be shared by
the executives. Another method by which the executives are collecting
money into their pockets is to use their anti-PNDC posture to get financial
assistance from various foreign organizations which opposed to the revolu-
tion in Ghana because it seeks to stop the control which such foreign forces
have exercised on the Ghanaian economy. These organizations oppose all
progressive governments in Africa for the same reason.

Speaking from his experience as a student political activist in Europe

for a long time during which he has gained personal and close knowledge
of the behaviour of those who have joined the fugitives and hold leadership

14



Chief Olu Fadairo, former General Manager (Publications Division).

Mr. Toni Ibazebo, for Deputy Chief Executive (Technical Services),

Mr. Martin Iroabuchi, former Editor of Daily Times,

Mr. Supo Ibinkunle, former Editor of Lagos Weekend and

Mr. Wazee Ajibola, former Editor of the Sporting Record.

In the New Nigerian Newspapers, Mr Clem Baiye, formerly General Manager of the
organisation's Southern Zone and Mr. E. 0. Adeyemi former General Manager,

Commercial Services were retired.

Appointments: The Federal Military Government also made the following new ap-
pointments announced simultaneously with the re-organisation:

Mr. Segun Osoba, former Managing Director of the Sketch, now becomes Managing
Director of Daily Times Nigeria Limited.

Malam Farouk Mohammed, former Deputy Editor of Daily Times becomes Editor of
Daily Times.

Alhaji Mohammed Hassan, former General Manager of Times London Office becomes
Deputy Chief Executive (Admin).

Tony Momoh is now General Manager Times Publications Division. The latter was
redeployed to the Times Manpower and Development Unit from the Editorial chair
of the Daily Times.

Mr. Bisi Fabusoye is appointed Deputy Chief Executive (Finance) while Mr.
Achike Chuks Okafor and Mr. Felix Audu are Editor, Sunday Times and General
Manager, Times London Office respectively.

Appointments made at New Nigerian Newspapers are Malam Bukar Zarma, Editor New
Nigerian succeeding Mr. Dan Agbese to be re-assigned and Babatunde Ahmed, Editor
Sunday New Nigerian.

CSO; 3400/2011

58



UPPER VOLTA

BRIEFS

DECENTRALIZATION POLICY--The Upper Volta President, Captain Thomas Sankara
has temporarily moved the headquarters of his administration from the
capital Ouagadougou to Koupe some 140 kilometres in the Namegtenga province.
According to an official source, the measure is part of the revolutionary
government's decentralisation policy which is aimed at involving the rural
population in the decision making process. Under the policy, the chief
executive would move from town to town or province to province to perform
in huts and even under trees. Important visitors to Upper Volta would now
have to journey outside the capital to meet government leaders, the source
said, adding that new Ambassadors would now present their Letters of
Credence either at the presidential palace or in cottages and under trees.
In another development, Upper Volta is restructuring its education system
with emphasis on agricultural training in all schools and a vigorous study
of local languages. The source said this was necessary to infuse in the
youth dignity in labour and also to help boost food production. Meanwhile,
all the 1,400 teachers dismissed as a result of an illegal strike action
last March have been replaced and their places taken over by "well quali-
fied" personnel trained under a crash programme. To improve the housing
situation in the country, the government has instructed that each of the
25 provinces should initially construct 20 units of houses. [Text]

[Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 13 Jun 84 p 2)

cso: 3400/2015

127



tyres have been extremely popular with South African truck operators. I have
no fear whatsoever about the locally manufactured Unisteel tyres reaching and
maintaining quality standards at least equal to Goodyear's world manufacturing
standards." Goodyear's truck tyre sales manager, Mr Roland Heuff, estimates
that 60% of all South African trucks will be running on steel radial tyres by
1990. [Excerpt] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 7 Jun 84 p 7]

COST OF KOEBERG POWER--In response to another question, Mr Steyn said that the
mean cost per unit of electricity produced from hard coal by Evcom was 1.97c
[South African Rand cents], while the mean cost per unit to be generated by
the Koeberg nuclear plant will be about 5.6c. The cost per unit of of a hard
coal power plant put into service in 1984 would be 3c, while the cost of hard
coal plants in West Capeland is 4,7c. [Text] [Capetown DIE BURGER in
Afrikaans 29 Feb 84 p 13] 12571

BLACK HOUSING--No houses were built for blacks in the Cape Peninsula in 1983,
but there will be 5000 nuclear houses built in Kahyelitsha in 1984, Dr Piet
Koornhof, minister of cooperation and development, stated during a question
and answer period in parliament. The estimated shortage of housing units at
the end of 1983 was 8897. [Text] [Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 29 Feb 84
p 13} 12571

BLACK CRIME~-In the principal municipal areas, a total of 141,567 blacks were
found guilty in 1983 of crimes concerning identity cards and travel restric-
tions, Dr Piet Koornhof, minister of cooperation and development, stated
during a question and answer period in parliament. The areas with the number
of verdicts of guilty for each are as follows: Pretoria 13,976; Johannesburg
37,562; Durban 2523; East London 1645; Port Elizabeth 867; Cape Peninsula
3209; Bloemfontein 3651; West Rand (excluding Johannesburg) 23,180; and East
Rand 55,454. In the same period, 101,461 blacks were arrested for crimes
concerning identity cards and travel restrictions by officials of administra—
tive councils. [Text] [Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 29 Feb 84 p 13]
12571

RACE RECLASSIFICATIONS--A total of 690 reclassifications from one racial group
to another were made between 1 July 1982 and 30 June 1983, Mr F.W. de Klerk,
minister of internal affairs, responded in writing to a question in parlia—
ment. Most of the reclassifications were from colored to white: 462. Other
reclassifications included: white to colored (4), Indian to colored (31),
colored to Indian (37), black to colored (71), Chinese to white (2) and white
to Indian (3). [Text] [Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 15 Feb 84 p 10]
12571

SCIENTIFIC INNOVATIONS--The greatest portion of the 6 million Rands disbursed
by the South African Development Coporation for Inventions in the past five
years was for the development of new products in the national interest, the
minister of industries, commerce and tourism, Dr Dawie de Villiers, told
parliament yesterday. Dr De Villiers presented the second reading of the bill

111



SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

SMC WORKERS-~-MBABANE--Another 70 employees of the Swaziland Meat Corporation
have been retrenched because of reduced production by the corporation. This
is the second time within a year that staff have been laid off from the cor-
poration, one of the country's largest suppliers of meat for export and the
home market. The Times of Swaziland yesterday quoted General Manager Mr John
Fourie as saying higher meat prices paid direct by butchery owners to cattle
farmers had reduced the number of cattle sold to the corporation. In addi-
tion, recent good maize and cotton harvests meant cattle owners were less
inclined to dispose of their stock. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in Eng-
lish 19 Jun 84 p 13]

CSO: 3400/2009

113



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

ECONOMIST DISCOUNTS VITALITY OF REGIONAL CUSTOMS ACCORD

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Jun 84 p 9

[Text]

THE Customs Union
agreement between South
Africa and Botswana, Le-
sotho and Swaziland
(BLS) might be in jeop-
ardy because of alleged ir-
regularities, but a leading
economist says that mem-
bership of the South Afri-
can Customs: Union did
not appear to Pevital to
the BLS states. \

Writing in the'Qctober,
1982, issue of the Journal
of Contemporary African
Studies, Professor Gavin
Maasdorp, director of the
Economic Research Unit
at the University of Natal,
said the BLS states could
raise their own revenues
in the same way as other
small countries.

‘ “The BLS countries are
well aware that they
might have to do this any-
‘way, should political diffi-
culties occur in the sub-
continent. They consider
the Customs Union to be
yulnerable to political in-

cso: 3400/2010

fluences _and’ __have

“stressed the need to pre-

pare contingency plans

for the domestic collec-"

tion of all excise ang cus-
tom duties,” Prof Maas-
dorp said.

It is understood that
the South African Gov-
ernment had sent mess-
ages to the BLS states de-
manding an inquiry. into

ion allegations in
Swaziland made by a
sacked Minister.

If this was not done,
South Africa could pull
out of the Customs Union
agreement, the reports
said.

Mr Botha said he was
“deeply concerned” at
the news that two Cabinet
Ministers, the police chief
and the head of the Swazi
Army had been sacked.

“I am concemed par-
ticularly in the light of
what I believe to be the
reason for the discharge,”
Mr Botha said.

“We ‘cannot prescribe
to any other country how
its Cabinet should be con-
stituted.

“That is not my con-
cern, but it is a fact that
there was a police investi-
gation into irregularities

‘affecting South Africa’s
interests in the Customs
Union agreement.” Mr
Botha said the discharge
of these people under the
circumstances would re-
flect unfavourably on
Swaziland. He said it
would discourage invest-
ments in that country.

Prof Maasdorp said
membership of SACU
was seen to be internat-
ionally embarrassing to
the BLS states because of
South Africa’s policies,
and for this reason rather
than economic ones, the
future of the Customs
Union should not be
taken for granted.



"TOTAL ONSLAUGHT' CLAIMS RIDICULED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 6 Jun 84 p 10

[Article by Allister Sparks]

[Text]

Whatever happened to the “total ‘on-
slaught”?

Less than a year ago we were
being lectured daily by our rulers on
this insidious and omnipresent threat
that was supposedly being co-ordin-
ated by Russia and directed against
us through its surrogates in the sub-
“rit coloured litical speech

coloured ever s

and SABC news bulletin, Chit
Saunders must have qualified for an
honorary doctorate in the subject. In-
telligence officers produced maps at
military briefings with big red
arrows stabbing southwards from
Moscow towards our borders,
through a continent said to be falling
rapidly under communist influence.

Zambia, Zimbabwe, Tanzania and
especially Angola and Mozambique
were all red-tinted on those maps.

Yet today we hear no more of this.
The whole has vanished like
the morning mist. Those scheming
Puppets have suddenly become good
and trustworthy neighbours.

In the past three weeks I have
heard representatives of the South
African Government praise the
statesmanship of Zambia’s President
Kenneth Kaunda. I have heard them
talk admiringly of the pragmatism
of Mozambique'’s President Samora
Machel. I have heard them speak
enthusiastically of the co-operative
relationship with Angola in the joint
commission that is monitoring the
ceasefire with that country, and how
good it would be if that body could
be expanded to monitor the whole
Namibian independence Process,

90

What has become of the great
communist threat that these coun-
tries were spearheading? The answer
is, nothing. An act of Political hum-
bug has come to an end, that is all.
There never was a “total onslaught”
being directed from Moscow against
this country — at least not in the
manner or to the extent that our
rulers tried to hoodwink us into
believing.

The truth is, we have been conned.
And not for the first time. You can be
taken in by a con man once and put it
down to experience, but if you let the
same man take you a second time
with the same trick, as we South
Africans have allowed our Govern-
ment to do, then you must count
yourself a fool.

Gogga maak vir baba bang is
the Afrikaans phrase for the oldest
con trick in politics. Invent a monster
to scare people, and they're all yours
to mislead as you please.

The monster of “total onslaught”
was invented by John Vorster to
Scare people into giving him the
greatest election victory in South
African history back in 1977, when he
had just emerged from the disaster
of Soweto and was up to his ears in
the Info conspiracies,

That was during the years of the

Administration, and you may
recall that “total onslaught” was then
used to convey the idea that South
Africa was being assailed from all
sides, from East and West as well as
from the Third World. She stood
alone, isolated, and therefore needed
4 strong government with a strong,



INFLUX OF HONG KONG BUSINESSMEN REPORTED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 11 Jun 84 p 13M

[Article:

[Text]

cso:

PORT LOUIS — Hong Kong
businessmen, threatened with a
communist Chinese takeover on
the expiry of the British lease of
the territory, are moving into
Mauritius, where they hope to
duplicate as closely as possible
the conditions which made them
fortunes in the Far East.

Since the Hong Kong visit this
year by Mauritius Deputy
Prime Minister, Sir Gaetan
Duval, scores of Hong Kong-fin-
anced projects are going up in
Mauritius.

They are expected to provide
the island with 10 000 extra jobs
by the end of this year, 4000 of
which have already been creat-
ed at 30 new factories.

VISITORS

The influx has also boosted
tourism. All potential hotel sites
on the island are spoken for.
Hotel development includes an-
other major complex to be built
by South African interests.

More than 30 percent of all
the island’s visitors now come
from South Africa.

The 1 000 first class hotel beds
available are expected to be
doubled within two years.

In an interview, Sir Gaetan
said he hoped South Africa
would provide markets for
much of the island’s increased
industrial output.

3400/2004

35

"Maruitius Could Be the New Hong Kong"]

“We are asking South Africa
to treat Mauritius in the same
way that it treats its other
neighbours, such as Mozambi-.
que, Zambia and Swaziland —
that is, to waive normal cus-
toms duties for Mauritian goods,
allowing us to compete on equal
terms with their other suppliers,
he said.

Mauritius was now importing
about R48 million of goods from
South Africa annually, while'ex-
porting about one-tenth of this
figure, mainly tea. 7 t

Sir Gaetan, who at ‘the last
Mauritius elections nearly a
year ago represented the far
right, took only six of the 72
seats with his Social Democratic
Party.

But as Deputy Prime Minister
in a four-party coalition he has

become the most powerful man

in the government.

Prime Minister Anerood Jug-
nauth, whose socialist Militant
Party was allied before the
election to the pro-communist
Mauritian Militant Movement of
Mr Paul Berenger, is said to
have moved to the far right, and
to be Sir Gaetan’s “political
prisoner”.

Sir Gaetan has . convinced
most Mauritians that the coun-
try’s economic survival and de
velopment prospects lie. in
closer ties with South Africa.

MAURITIUS



3400/2003

carrying out a ritual murder — as part of an
effort to revive an ailing business. In August
1981 five high ranking army officers in
Liberia were arrested for plotting to kill
Master Sergeant Doe. The attempt
apparently involved the use of a witch
doctor in whose house were found blood,
hair and bones. In Sierre Leone a few years
ago there were a spate of ritual murders
with political overtones intended to
influence elections.

In 1981 a long-serving Minister from
western Kenya was expelled from
Parliament after being convicted on charges
of winning an election in Busia south by
bribery and witchcraft.

In Zimbabwe's war of independence,
spirit mediums were used to mobilise
support by both ZANLA and ziPRA forces. In
the last years of the war the White Rhode-
sian government tried to use similar tactics
to rally support.

In neighbouring Zambia, there has been
the case of the Roman Catholic
Archbishop, Monsignor Emanuel Milingo.
His faith-healing and exorcisms led to
allegations of witchcraft. Whatever the
truth of the allegations, it is clear that they
were used by some of his enemies as part of
a political ‘struggle for control of the
Zambian Church.

Educated people have a tendancy to
laugh at these “primitive” beliefs and
superstitions, at the idea of familiars, or of
the frightening concept of the zombie, the
revived dead; at the idea that all deaths
except extreme old age are caused by an
outside agent, by an ancestor or a sorcerer;
at the’ allegations that witches cause
lightning to strike houses or cattle. It is only
when a person finds himself directly
involved or threatened that he takes it more
seriously.

But the point is less whether such stories
are true or false, but that they are believed
and therefore can be, and are, used as
political weapons, as another way of
inducing fear and political paralysis among
‘one’s enemit

Presidents find it hard enough to protect,
themselves with modern weapons, guards,
secret services and informers. They need all
the help they can get — and magic in all its
forms is a potent and valuable addition to its
armoury, if all too often a blood one e

122



TRIBAL VIOLENCE FLARES IN NATAL

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jun 84 p 17

[Text]

cso:

3400/2010

DURBAN. — Only a few
days after the Minister of
Law and Order, Mr Louis
Je Grange, visited the
area, trouble has again
flared in the Tugela Ferry
areain Natal. °

On Tuesday evening
the police reaction unit in
the area received infor-
mation that the Ngcobo
faction were massing for a
clash with the Maconco
faction.

They received informa-
tion thatthe Ngcobo fac-
tion were to enlist the aid
of the Mashnku faction to
fight the Maconcos.

The police, under Cap-
tain W van der Westhui-
zen, went to the area and
were fired on. They re-
turned the fire and, with
the aid of two helicopters,
dispersed the tribesmen.

Later a member of the
Ngcobo tribe, Mr P Sit-
hole (23), was found dead
with gunshot wounds.
About 70 rounds of am-
munition were found near
his body.

Last Friday, Mr Le
Grange, accompanied by
the Judge President of
Natal, Mr Justice John
Milne, and senior police
officers, visited the prea
and spoke to local chiefs
and headman to put \an
end to the bloodshed.

Mr Le Grange
pealed to the faction lead-
ers to restore law and 6r-
der to the area and to use
their influence to stop the
killing. !

Last week, Chief
Gatsha Buthelezi also ap-

| to tribesmen’ to
end the bloodshed in’ the
area. /

97

SOUTH AFRICA



OPPOSITION MEMBERS BOYCOTT PARLIAMENT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jun 84 p 8

[Text]

cso:

3400/2004

PORT LOUIS. — Mauri-
tian Opposition members
boycotted parliament in
Port Louis on Tuesday as
the Finance Minister, Mr
Seetanan Lutchmeenarai-
doo, announced his bud-
get, imposing a 10 percent
surcharge on customs
duty.

* The new levy, intended
to cover an ted
shortfall of about ROT-
million, would not affect
the prices of basic com-
modities ‘such as rice,
flour, milk and pulse, Mr
Lutchmeenaraidoo told

Opposition
leader, Mr Paul Bereng-
er, said his Mauritian
Militant Movement was
angry because the local
radio and television had
turned down the party's
request for air time after

38

the Minister’s speech to
discuss the budget propo-
sals.

In his budget, Mr
Lutchmeenaraidoo _pro-
posed total expenditure
for the financial year be-
ginning on July 1 of about
R463-million, compared
with about R498-million
in 1983/84,

He said he had decided
not to reduce expenditure
on health and education,
which the Opposition had
said would be cut.

The biggest slice in the
budget was earmarked for
servicing the public debt,
with the cost of civil ser-
vice salaries taking the
second largest.

He also announced tax
exemptions for trade
unions, increases in in-
come tax allowances and
a reduction in death du-
ties.

MAURITIUS