JPRS“SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

ANGOLA

BRIEFS

SPANISH AIRCRAFT, VEHICLES PURCHASED--Spain sold 12 Aviocar 212 military air-
craft to Angola, it was learned yesterday by NP from a reliable source close

to the company that manufactures the units. These planes, intended basically
for troop transport, are equipped with high technology military gear considered
top secret by the Spanish manufacturers. The Aviocar 212 is a small plane with
a capacity for 12 passengers and light cargo. It can land on short earthen
airstrips. The planes sold to Angola are armed with modern electronic equip-
ment which increases their combat strength. Spanish authorities also authorized
the sale to the Angolan Government of 900 heavy-duty Santa Ana vehicles, also
combat-equipped. These jeeps are identical to those sold to Morocco for the
battle against the POLISARIO Front in the Western Sahara. In order to receive
payment for this military equipment, Madrid opened a very low interest line of
credit. The program for the sale of military equipment to Angola was decided
upon by the Spanish Government during the visit to Spain of Angolan President
Jose Eduardo dos Santos. .The Spanish armed forces at this time have four planes
of the same type sold to Angola, and Portugal has acquired two. In both cases,
the technology of the Aviocar 212's is less sophisticated than that of those
exported to Angola. The Spanish arms industry is in a phase of great expansion,
and is establishing itself in all of the Mediterranean countries involved in
military conflicts. Spain also exports arms and munitions to the two contenders
in the Gulf war, Iran and Iraq. /Text/ /Lisbon DIARIO DE LISBOA in Portuguese
27 Feb 85 p 11/ 12587

UNITA CLAIMS VICTORIES-~The UNITA press agency announced yesterday that the
movement had struck down 16 Cuban soldiers and 69 Angolans in several attacks
against government troop barracks. The agency, as quoted by South African radio
heard in Maputo, mentioned that in the same attacks, in the south of Kuala and
Linga, and also in Esperanca, east of Lukala, 36 FAPLA soldiers were captured,
among them a lieutenant. According to this same source, two battalions, one
Cuban and the other Angolan, have been defeated in Mbanza, a province of Zaire,
with three government soldiers and two Cuban soldiers killed, and with the cap-
ture of unspecified quantities of arms and munitions. Neither the UNITA agency
nor the South Africa radio mentioned the dates on which these battles were
supposed to have occurred. /Text/ /Lisbon DIARIO DE NOTICIAS in Portuguese

5 Mar 85 p 24/ 12587

13



JPRS~SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

NAMIBIA

LEADERS COMMENT ON REPEAL OF SOUTH AFRICAN RACIAL MIXING LAWS
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 6 Mar 85 p 3

[Article: '"Immorality and Mixed Marriages: NP Leader Under Fire for State-
ments"]

[Text] He thinks it is particularly odd that the leader of the NP [National
Party] in South-West Africa, Mr Kosie Pretorius, is chiming in with warnings
to South Africa not to repeal the Mixed Marriages Act and the Immorality Act.

This is what Mr Sarel Becker, secretary of the HNP [Reconstituted National
Party] in South-West Africa, says. Mr Becker points out that it was the NP
that repealed these laws in South-West Africa and that Mr Pretorius occupied
at that time a senior post in the party.

Mr Becker was reacting to a report last week in DIZ AFRIKANER in which Mr
Pretorius added his voice to those of other prominent South-West Africans
warning against abolishing these measures.

Mr Becker points out that it was decided at the NP congress in 1977 to repeal
these laws without any discussion whatsoever. According to reliable sources,
then NP leader Mr A. H. du Plessis asked the delegates to not debate the
issue "for the sake of Mr John Vorster." Mr Pretorius was at that time a
member of the executive committee and one of the senior members of the party.
There is no evidence to the effect that he opposed the congress resolution.
Mr Pretorius should make public whether he voted against the proposal, Mr
Becker says.

Mr Becker says furthermore that Mr Pretorius' statements are even more puzzling
in view of the policy of AKTUR (the NP umbrella organization [Action Front for
the Preservation of Turnhalle Principles]), which provides for mixed residential
areas and multiracial schools. "Mr Pretorius should not be crying crocodile
tears now," Mr Becker says.

Mr Pretorius told DIE AFRIKANER that if he were to again be in a position of
deciding about the laws, he would not repeal them until substitute measures
had been thoroughly considered in order to "intercept" the consequences.

"South Africa must be careful in repealing these laws. It is not a question

34


Tuberculosis, Diarrhea and Leprosy Go Untreated

Today, the indifference shown him by the Portuguese authorities still disgusts
the repatriate, who belongs to the number of those whom Samora Machel indicated
at a public rally in Maputo as being “murderers, rapists, mercenaries and armed
bandits."

I find it extremely strange and I rebel at the fact that the Portuguese
authorities never presented any protest against what happened to me, because
it certainly was clearly known both in Portugal and in the Maputy Embassy that
I was no murderer or rebel. The Portuguese authorities were satisfied with the
verbal information of a SNASP official to the effect that I had been taken by
mistake. What concern was there in rehabilitating my name and repairing the

damage done?

"All this," he added vehemently, "all this is absolutely disgusting. I believe
the most overpowering feeling I have today is that of frustration over the way
our cases were viewed: and the obstacles and threats that still hover over us,
everything in the holy name of cooperation. In the meantime, I will not cease
to fight so that the truth may be restored and the moral damage repaired."

Delfim Leitao will never forget those 18 months in the vile Machava jail during
which he sometimes thought his last hour had come:

"During the first 7 and a half months, the only daily food consisted of a mug
of tea and a little bread, very little. That went on until August. In just
that period, I lost 22 kilos. After the eighth month of imprisonment, they
began to give me what they considered privilege, "special food"--cooked flour
and horse mackerel every day. But the first 7 months had been terrible. There
were days without any food and others even without water. When it rained, we
put the mugs out through the bars to catch some of the rain water. Many times,
the food was spoiled, rotten and often wormy, Relatives sent cigarettes but
they were stolen and few arrived there. The first 2 months, I was forced to
sleep on the floor of the cell. Although the embassy and the family were
willing to send blankets, that was not permitted "because there were cloaks

in the jail'...In March, I finally obtained a blanket."

And he continues:

"T remained alone in the cell until May 1983. That month, however, in the
wake of an enormous wave of arrests, they stuck five more persons in that small
space designed for only two prisoners. The living conditions and sanitary con-
ditions in general were simply horrible. Any going out of the cell-block was
practically nonexistent. There were frequent cases of tuberculosis, diarrhea
and leprosy without: any treatment being given. Sometimes there were not even
aspirins in the medical station. I saw the doctor only once. Going to the
medical station was very rarely allowed; only if the guards believed it was
necessary. I knew many prisoners who succumbed from dehydration caused by
diarrhea without any treatment. For 78 persons in cell-block 7, there were
three filthy latrines without running water. A tank-truck brought some water
to the jail only sporadically. Therefore, there was no disinfection."

30


JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

ZAIRE

BRIEFS

CHINESE COMMUNITY IN EQUATEUR--The Chinese traditional medical mission in
Mbandaka rang in the new year, February 20, with festivities. According
to Chinese tradition, the new year is celebrated February 20, not

January 1 as elsewhere in the world, and is considered the spring holiday.
The Chinese community was granted 4 days off for the occasion and
organized popular celebrations. The Mbandaka Chinese community, which
gets along perfectly with the urban population it serves, showed a

very interesting film entitled "The Challenge" in conjunction with the
festivities. [Text] [Kinshasa ELIMA in French 27 Feb 85 p 9] 9825

CSO: 3419/292

85



JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

EXISTENCE OF SOVIET BASES DENIED
Lisbon DIARIO DE LISBOA in Portuguese 13 Feb 85 p 12

[Text/ A western diplomatice source told ANOP {Portuguese News Agency/ that
the existence of Soviet bases in Sao Tome and Principe is pure imagination.

The same source explained to ANOP that the Sao Tome and Principe Government's
present attitude was "militant nonalignment" and equidistance relative to the
two military blocs.

Western diplomats accredited in Sao Tome and Principe, who had already made
several trips to Sao Tome island, assured ANOP that there was no visible con-
struction whatever which denoted the existence of military bases.

At present, there are in Sao Tome and Principe more than 100 Cubans as advisors
especially in such areas as teaching, technical adivsers in ministries and in
the country's small army where they are assisted by Soviet experts.

According to Western diplomatic sources, the Soviet advisers in Sao Tome must
be fewer than 100, among whom 12 are operating two planes which they gave Sao
Tome but which rarely fly as the country does not have the type of gasoline
they use. There are other Soviet technicians working in two vedettes which
the USSR gave them for protection of the Sao Tome and Principe coasts or in a
short-range radar also donated by the Soviets.

There are about 40 Portuguese advisers who are found especially in the teaching
sector. There are also an airplane pilot, an air traffic controller, two tech-
nicians in the Ministry of Commerce and a technician in the breweries. A

Portuguese technician manages the Sao Tome shirt factory for the PNUD /UN
Development Program/.

Along with an increasing commitment to its policy of nonalignment, Sao Tome
and Principe has lately shown a certain disposition to improving relations with
the Church, expecting shortly the naming of the Apostolic Nuncio in Sao Tome

at the request of the country's authorities.

A bishop has already been named, which has not occurred since the 19th century,
a period during which it was the Angolan ecclesiastical authorities who super-
vised the country.

8870
CSO: 3442/196 39



JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

ANGOLA

AGRARIAN DEVELOPMENT STATIONS EXPLAINED
Juanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 19 Mar 85 p 3

[Text] Lubango--Pursuant to the guidelines contained in the General Fmergency
Plan, which establishes a program for increased food production by the peasant
sector, and the national technical economic plan, action to reorganize the agri-
cultural sector to insure food self-sufficiency has been underway in Huila
Province since the beginning of this year.

Notable among the projects in progress is the transformation of the groups of
production units [AUP's] into Agrarian Development stations [EDA's |.

Thus, in accordance with the plan of the Provincial Office of the Agriculture
Ministry, the AUP'’s of the Hoque Commune and Quipungo and Matala municipios,
devoted to the production of grains and various vegetables, have been transformed
into Agrarian Development stations.

The AUP's in N*gola Commme (Vila Branca) and Quilengues Municipio are in the
process of transformation, and steps are being taken to create an EDA in Caconda
Municipio, where the potential for producing corn and "rena" potatoes, as well
as other grains, is recognized.

The Agrarian Development stations are a form of agricultural organization which
consists in dividing land into farm blocks to be distributed to the peasants
in the areas covered or to others in surrounding areas who want to participate.

The creation of the EPA's arose from the need to reduce the budget deficit which
the state incurred with the AUP's, which were producing almost nothing, to
guarantee effective technical and material support to the peasants and to intro-~
duce them to the habit of using pesticides and fertilizers and to other practices
which contribute to increased production.

The EDA's are also intended to mobilize all the available resources and potential
to increase food production, to bring the peasants into programs established
under the national plan, to provide adequate support for the organization of
peasant cooperatives and associations, to see to the timely sale of production
means and equipment, to market the products promptly and to provide the essential
consumer goods for barter,



In the theology of apartheid, the nation of people and its interests are cen-
tral. The people and the diversity of peoples are presented as one of the
most important themes of the Scripture, while the continuous line of the Scrip-
ture is in fact redemption.

People who in this way have promoted the interests of the people have probably
not even been aware of the fact that they were doing so above the interests of
the Kingdom [of God]. It was not a conscious decision, and furthermore, the
people were serving the Kingdom. Thus, whoever serves the people serves the
Kingdom as well.

The theology of apartheid is nothing other than an ideology. Theology is a
question of God, ideology one of the people.

[Question] Did the NG Church devise apartheid, as is sometimes the contention?

[Answer] No, it is much more complicated. The NG Church did give apartheid
a moral basis, a theological justification, which made it all the more accept-
able to the people.

But the Church's arguments during the 1930s and 1940s in favor of the so-called
cornerstones of apartheid, such as a ban on mixed marriages, separate residen-
tial areas and separate schools were already up for discussion politically.

[Question] How did the justification of apartheid develop in the Church?

[Answer] First there was the theory about the house of Ham. The basis of
this was that the curse on the descendants of Canaan, the son of Ham (who -:
mocked his drunken father Noah), rested on all blacks because Ham supposedly
went into Africa.

An accompanying theory was that the Bible endorses and upholds the relation-
ship between servants and masters. The question of color was not raised, but
the master-servant relationship ran (by chance) along color lines.

These two theories were, especially in the last century, church members' moti-
vation for apartheid. Later, Afrikaner rule came!tolbe consistently linked
with the nation of Israel. This coincided with the awakening of a national
consciousness around the turn of the century.

Since the 1940s (and in some cases today still), apartheid has been dogmatized.
The national theology was provided with Biblical passages. For the first time,
reports were presented to the Synod which offered a Biblical foundation for
apartheid.

This was the beginning of a long struggle (which still continues) between a
pragmatic and a principled approach to relations between peoples. The prag-
matic people believe that a policy of apartheid can be pursued for practical
reasons, but that it cannot be based on the Bible.

67



To put an end to this traffic presupposes a monetary integration such that
Gambians would no longer be tempted to sell their merchandise in Senegal. Now,
Gambia's entry into the UMOA [West African Monetary Union] is a step in this
direction. One understands from that moment why the confederation deputies

on the Gambian side have carried out an attack according to the rules against
all the Senegalese deputies who think that Gambia's entry into the franc zone
is a political action which Presidents Diouf and Jawara can perfectly well
take without taking into account the rather minimal reservations expressed by
some financial experts working for Gambia. What is certain is that the Gambian
government will drag out the discussions among the experts for as long as
possible to take even further advantage of the present situation.

However, one might think that the Senegalese president could accelerate the
process, all the moreso since the current Gambian government owes its staying
in power to him. If Dakar had not dispatched its troops to Gambia in

August 1981, Dawda Jawara and his men would now be somewhere other than in a
government. This pressure, however, has become impossible. First, because it
does not seem to be in the nature of the Senegalese president to apply such
pressure and, even if he wanted to, it would be difficult for him to make
Dawda Jawara bend without using great means of intimidation. In fact, Banjul
has reestablished contact with Tripoli at the highest level. Even if rela-
tions between Libya and Senegal are no longer so strained, it is not certain
that the visit of the vice-president of the confederation was positively
appreciated in Dakar.

If Dakar does not know what Qadhdhafi and Jawara said to each other on the
bilateral level, one can nevertheless suppose that any future aid (can one

go to Tripoli without talking petrodollars?) will have political implications.
What will they be? We will have to wait and see. But it is certain that
among Dakar, Tripoli and Lagos, Banjul will have trouble getting out of it
even if, a priori, the Senegambian confederation has a policy common to the
two states.

9895
cs0: 3419/351

49



After arranging for the repatriation of the policemen responsible for
guarding the ship, Gambian authorities demanded that the Senegalese
government hand over both the ship and its crew, bound hand and foot. We
yielded. Our national navy took charge of executing the orders. Although
not a single fish was found on the ship, the Gambians fined the Senegalese
shipowner 20 million francs. Then they announced they had won. Today the
escalation has taken a new twist; our national anthem is being ridiculed
as if we were an enemy country.

We have learned from an absolutely reliable Gambian source that the Gambians
responsible for orchestrating Senegal's humiliation were acting on the
instructions of the Lagos government, whose orders they obey to the letter.

These same sources reveal that Nigeria and Gambia are on the verge of
signing secret defense pacts. If this information turns out to be correct,
how can we avoid questioning President Jawara's loyalty?

In any case, Senegal must expect deliberate acts of provocation from

Senegambia's enemies. The humiliation of the fishing boat affair was only
atest. We yielded to blackmail once. We must not do so a second time.

9825
CSO: 3419/348

47



As far as the CSCE jubilee is concerned it was said that the foreign
ministers will take part even if it is decided that the meeting will be
held at top level. It was agreed that a special Nordic foreign ministers'
meeting will be held in connection with the jubilee. The main topic at
this meeting will be the UN General Assembly this fall.

It was said that developments in East-West relations led to several fairly
optimistic comments during the discussions. It was noted, for example,

that the current thaw in international relations should be exploited to
increase East-West economic exchanges, too.

cso: 3400/927

53



JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

U.S. POLICY TOWARD SOUTH AFRICA DISCUSSED
Pretoria BEZLD in Afrikaans 7 Mar 85 p 12
[Article by Piet Muller: "Commotion Surrounding South Africa"]

[Text] Is the relationship between South Africa and America a normal diplo-
matic relationship, or part of a psychodrama currently being played out on
two continents?

This question can indeed be posed since relations between the two countries
over the past few years have included an involvement that goes uitich deeper
than normal diplomatic intercourse. In both America and South Africa there
are serious differences of opinion on exactly how relations between the two
countries should be.

Sometimes one has the impression that this relationship is moving on a knife's
edge, and that if something unforeseen should happen, relations could easily
become as bad as they were in the days of President Jimmy Carter.

Pressure Groups

Although the two countries, in spite of their differences, have apparently
"found" one another since the signing of the Nkomati Accord, there are strong
pressure groups in both America and South Africa that want to turn the
American policy of "constructive engagement" into one of purposeful and ruth-
less pressure on the South African government.

One could even question whether any country can have truly normal diplomatic
relations with a power like America. So many pressure groups are continually
trying for their own reasons to change the American government's foreign pol-
icy that countries wishing to maintain relations with America are forced to

turn equally to the American government and to groups outside the government.

This is at best an inconvenient situation for any country, and has over the
last few decades turned America into a rather fickle ally.

End

The main characters in the drama that has developed in the relationship between
South Africa and America are first of all the two governments themselves.

57



respect for others, whatever may be its beliefs and ideas.

[Answer] I myself ama devout Muslim, you know. But I deplore
certain erroneous interpretations of the holy scriptures. A re-
ligious state in Senegal? It would throw everything into chaos,
give rise to lust for power and religious war, That is not where
we want to end up. That is why the UDS favors a basically non-
religious state.

[Question] Does your apocalyptic description of the Islamic
state mean that you are basically against it?

[Answer] Listen, I have never said that I was against the Is-
lamic state. Do not put words into my mouth. I will state once
again that the UDS stands for a nonreligious state and that is

all. |

9824 ©
CSO: 3419/338

45



JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

CAMEROON

BRIEFS

SAUDI BANK LOAN--The Saudi Development Fund has granted a loan of more
than 8.6 billion CFA francs to our country. The amount will be used to
finance the project of replacing old tracks of the Trans-Cameroon Railway.
The agreement was signed for Cameroon by Youssoufo Daouda, minister of
state for planning and territorial development, and Shaykh Muhammad
al-Kuzir, director of the Saudi Development Fund. Saudi Arabia has up

to now invested more than 95 billion CFA francs in several development
projects in our country. [Text] [Yaounde Domestic Service in French
1900 GMT 1 Apr 85}

cso: 3400/93

17



of inferiority or superiority. Laws should not be repealed without substitute
measures," Mr Pretorius says.

In an article in his party's mouthpiece, DIL SUIDWESTER, Mr Pretorius wrote

earlier that repealing the laws would result in "a deluge of depravity and
prostitution" in South Africa.

12271
cso: 3401/107

35



JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BIBLICAL BASIS FOR APARTHEID DISCUSSED
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 15 Mar 85 p 17

{Interview with Dr Andries Botha, minister of the Dutch Reformed Missionary
Church and secretary of the Peninsular Council for Church Cooperation, by
church affairs reporter Tobie Wiese: "Apartheid Puts the People Above the

Church"; date and place not given]

[Text] The question of whether the Afrikaans churches have
helped to develop apartheid and should now make a confession
of guilt about it has for the last 2 or 3 years been the
focus of tension between them and the colored churches. Dr.
Andries Botha, minister of the Dutch Reformed Missionary
Church and secretary of the Peninsular Council for Church
Cooperation, has done a scholarly study on this question
and has just earned his doctorate from the University of
the Western Cape with a dissertation on "The Evolution of a
National Theology: An Iistorical and Dogmatic Study of the
Connection Between the Church and the Afrikaner People in
the Theology of the NG [Dutch Reformed] Church, with Parti-
cular Reference to the Apartheid Concept. That Developed
From It." In the following interview, Dr Botha answers
questions by fobie Wiese, our church affairs reporter.

[Question] What is apartheid?

[Answer] In the Biblical sense, apartheid stands opposed to unity.

It is a theoretical view of life in which the nation of people and its interests
are of great importance. This yields a practical attitude towards life by which
society is arranged according to these ideological premises.

Apartheid is much more than a political system. It is a specific lifestyle
that is religiously motivated. For this reason, it is a quasi-gospel that is
held up to the people as the only way to "salvation."

As such, apartheid has economic, social, historical, psychological, religious
and political roots and elements.

66


NAMIBIA

Details of SWA Detentions
(CAPE TIMES, 14 Mar 85) .secceeeccvecvcccccecersesssteees

Leaders Comment on Repeal of South African Racial Mixing Laws
(DIE AFRIKANER, 6 Mar 85) sessceceeeeecececececeessereces

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

Regime Looking Westward To Break Isolation
(Jean-Claude Chapon; A TARDE, 5 Mar 85) ...

Existence of Soviet Bases Denied
(DIARIO DE LISBOA, 13 Feb 85) ..

Portuguese Firms Consider Exploiting Old Cacao Plantations
(DIARIO DE NOTICIAS, 16 Feb 85) ..

SENEGAL

Mamadou Fall on Doctrines, Objectives of UDS ,
(Mamadou Interview; WAL FADJRI, 22 Feb-8 Mar 85) ...+.+e-

Nigerian Opposition to Senegambia Noted
(Less Coura; LE POLITICIEN, 1 Mar 85) seceseseeeceeeeeees

Divisions Within Federation Noted
(WAL FADIRI; 22 Feb-8 Mar 85) sssesseeeecececececececeees

Briefs
Agreement With Saudi Fund

SOUTH AFRICA

Scandinavians Plan New Measures Against S, Africa
(HUFVUDSTADSBLADET, 30 Mar 85) .csceccecececccecceetesees

Indian Rejection of Disinvestment Viewed
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 13 Mar 85) seseeeseeeececeevccees

Council Reveals Plans To Change Local Government
(THE STAR, 23 Mar 85) ..

U.S. Policy Toward South Africa Discussed
(Piet Muller; BEELD, 7 Mar 85) .esssceeeeecceccecececeees

Approval of Long-Term Leases for Blacks in Cape Town
(DIE BURGER, 22 Feb 85) ssscceeecvcecececececereeeaeevees

33

34

36

39

40

42

46

48

50

51

54

56

57

60


A confession of guilt is not something, however, that can be forced. If people
are not convinced that they have erred, you cannot coerce them into it. Thus,
the contents of a confession of guilt cannot be dictated to anyone either.

Moreover, guilt is confessed first of all to God; it is chiefly a reli-
gious matter. If it is made a precondition for reconciliation between people,
then it can become a merely human matter.

Recon¢iliation was not "contrived" by the Missionary Church. Before the
Missionary Church began to officially practice it. in 1978, the Cape Church
stated as early as 1965:

"Whoever lives in the body of the reconciliation of Christ may. not believe in
irreconcilability, not even in the social and political domain..."

12271
cso: 3401/107

69



The principled people believe that apartheid must exist because the Bible
supposedly dictates it.

[Question] Can these two approaches be reconciled?

[Answer] Only if both are motivated by the Scripture--and the one is not
motivated by the nation of people. Only when these two ways of thinking. are
reconciled within the NG Church will the Church be able to arrive at a recon-
ciliation with the NG Missionary Church.

The tension between these two ways of thinking had built up so much in the
1950s that an extraordinary attempt at reconciliation was made.

The result was a joint report, which became the precursor of the NG Church's
present policy paper, "Race, People and Nation." This policy paper was given
a mandate in 1962 "among other things to elaborate on the justification in
the Scripture for racial apartheid."

Thus, one should not be surprised that "Race, People and Nation" provides
this justification.

[Question] Where do we stand today?

[Answer] The tension between people in the church who assign great importance
to the unity of people (and of the church) and others who stress diversity
runs throughout history. Whereas earlier diversity was treated as a principle,
there are fewer good theologians today who still do this.

The Open Letter of June 1982 "ripped open" the issue of apartheid in church
and state. In the future, this letter will be recognized as a.turning point

in NG Church history.

The Western Cape Synod was the first to question apartheid as a religious issue.
But from the Executive Church Council's answer to the Missionary Church it is
clear that the diversity of people is still a matter of principle for them.

The leaders of the NG Church were trained at a time.when diversity was still
a matter of principle. In the meantime, theology has made advances, but the
church leadership has apparently not kept up.

Nevertheless, it is no longer as easy for the NG Church to act "in the interest
of the people." Because who are the people today? The Afrikaner has lost his
uniformity politically and apparently culturally as well. Today, a single per-
son can no longer speak on behalf of the Afrikaner people.

[Question] In 1982, the Missionary Church asked the NG Church for a confession
of guilt about apartheid. Do you see any signs of this being forthcoming?

[Answer] In particular the Western Cape resolution, in which the Synod dis-

tanced itself from any attempt past or present to justify apartheid Biblically,
is a sign of this.

68


Afrikaners did not recognize these things in advance as the enemy's strategy
for systematically discontinuing the separation of the races in South Africa
and promoting racial equality and mixing. The reason for this is that
Afrikaner political leaders seriously misinformed the people and pacified them
with false assurances and promises. In this process, their indispensable aids
were the Afrikaans newspapers, which had become a mere extension of the hostile
English press. But just as necessary for the stifling of Afrikaner resis-
tance and opposition to this systematic promotion of racial integration was
the silence of cultural, church and academic leaders.

Fortunately, there was division within the "National" Party and the Broederbond
in 1982 and 1983 concerning the new multiracial constitutional system, serving
to strengthen the HNP [Reconstituted National Party], which had at the first
step towards racially mixed sports in 1969 refused to abandon the principles
of Afrikaner nationalism and separate development.

While many Afrikaners were still faithfully following the "National" Party on
this dangerous road, events in the first weeks.of 1985 disenchanted them.

That the "National" Party's leaders are now prepared to repeal the Mixed
Marriages Act and Article 16 of the Immorality Act, thus clearing away the
last obstacle to complete racial integration, has now become a shocking fact
for many who did not want to believe.

Yield

What is now becoming obvious to Afrikaners is that the "National" Party's so-
called enlightened policy was calculated from the outset to lead Afrikaners
step by step towards racial mixing and abandonment of their whiteness.

The latest installment is the publication of a. purported investigation by a
certain Heese at the Western Cape Colored University into the origins of cer-
tain Afrikaner families, through which it is supposedly "proven" that the
Afrikaner people are not really a white nation.

The conspicuous simultaneity of this publication and the parliamentary debate
on the Mixed Marriages Act and Article 16 of the Immorality Act leaves no
doubt about the motives and objectives. It is to make the Afrikaner doubt
his whiteness, to make him yield to pressure for increasing racial mixing

and for the repeal of the Mixed Marriages Act and the ban on immorality across
the color line.

The fact is that the English press and every sworn liberal and communist can
now hide behind "Afrikaners," "Afrikaans" newspapers and supporters of the
"National" Party in this attack on the Afrikaner's whiteness.

This reality ought to shock "National" Party supporters into awareness and make
them realize how they have been consistently misused over the years in order
to arrive at this final assault on their people's sense of identity.

For opponents of the government in the HNP and CP [Conservative Party], this
latest leftist attack should be an inducement to exert new energy and make sac~

rifices for the day that this government is brought down by the Afrikaner people's

inflamed self-respect.

71

12271
CSO: 3401/107



directed only at the dictatorship and the dictator when, for example, he con-
demns the death sentence instituted by Samora Machel, calling it an "aberration
and an assault on human dignity"; or when he refers to "the arbitrariness, the
massacres of innocent persons or possible suspects,- the beatings, tortures and
inhuman punishment, the brutality of certain measures and military training";
and also "the forced displacements of populations and families for strategic
or administrative reasons."

If there were no other reason to refute Joaquim Chissano's statements, the
pastoral sermon of the archbishop of Nampula would be more than enough to
prove that the Mozambican minister lied to the Portuguese reporters, at the
same time forgetting that "it is easier to catch a liar than a limper." Thus,
his false optimism, like the recent military parade in Maputo, has all.the air
of a “farce of desperation," according to the definition used by DER SPIEGEL.

As a matter of fact, the world is now full of false optimism, especially as
regards southern Africa. Speaking to the Foreign Affairs Subcommittee of the
House of Representatives, the assistant secretary of state for African affairs,
Chester Crocker, finally gave an account of the results of his repeated visits
to Pretoria, and he was optimistic. In his opinion, "substantial progress has
been made for the solution of the problems of the area, specifically for the
independence of Namibia. However," confessed Chester Crocker, "there is a case
that remains to be resolved: 'only' the problem of the withdrawal of the. Cubans

from Angola..."

Well, this problem, which is theoretically the key to many others, remains
insoluble. The haggling about the dates of the possible departure of the Cubans
and the number of expeditionaries who should return to Cuba continues. to be a
hoax in which nobody believes. Or rather, in which only Chester Crocker. seems

to believe.

So that the optimism of the U.S. assistant secretary of state seems to us to be
somewhat comparable to that of the Mozambican foreign minister. Less of a hoax,
evidently. Less the product of desperation, obviously. But far, very far, from

reality.

8711
cso: 3442/204

28


JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

LOBITO PORT STILL PARALYZED-~Since Angola became independent, international
traffic has been paralyzed at the once well-equipped port of Lobito, con-
sidered one of the largest on the west African coast; the reason is the
constant sabotaging of the railway which connects its terminal to the
Republic of Zaire and to Zambia after crossing Angola as far as Teixeria de
Sousa (Dibolo). Before independence 55 percent of the cargo passed by way
of Lobito en route to those two countries, whence it proceeded to various
points in Europe. Benguela Railway Company is in serious debt as a result
of the paralyzation of that traffic, a source of income in strong currency.
Moreover, according to reliable information, most of the existing equipment
should already have been scrapped, having far surpassed the reasonable limits
of its useful life. Loading and unloading for internal traffic are still
possible in only a few areas, thanks to the efforts of technical personnel
entrusted with the equipment's reparation and maintenance. [Text] [Lisbon
TEMPO in Portuguese 8 Mar 85 p 34] 8568

5,000 CUBANS IN FAPLA--According to highly reliable sources, about 5,000

black Cuban soldiers have been absorbed into the FAPLA [People's Armed Forces
for the Liberation of Angola] (the armed branch of the MPLA) and spread

around in various units, one of which is Artillery Brigade BM-21. Thus,

most of the troops presently quartered in Luanda are made up almost exclusively
of Cuban soldiers. [Text] [Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 8 Mar 85 p 34] 8568

cso: 3442/203

14


JPRS-SSA-85~037
2 May 1985

GUINEA BISSAU

PORTUGAL TO SET UP AGRICULTURE TRAINING CENTER IN BAFATA
Lisbon A TARDE in Portuguese 21 Feb 85 p 2

[Text /_ Secretary for Cooperation Gaspar da Silva told ANOP [Portuguese News
Agency/ yesterday that Portugal is willing to help Guinea-Bissau open an agri-
culture training center in the Bafata region.

This is one of the projects which, since yesterday and until :tomorrow, ‘delega~
tions from both countries, totaling more than 30 people, are in Lisbon to study
as participants in the Portuguese-Guinea committee's fifth meeting.

An economic-financial subcommittee and a cultural, technical and scientific
subcommittee assign the work which results from the customary cooperation which
the two countries maintain since 1975.

Yesterday, on opening the meeting, Gaspar da Silva (who last November visited

Guinea-Bissau) regretted that Portugal did not have a greater financial ability
to respond fully to all that the African countries expect from it and to carry
out at all times what the Portuguese technicians and technology are capable of

doing.

In his turn, Bernardino Cardoso, the Guinea secretary of international coopera-
tion, pointed out the excellent ties of friendship existing between Bissau and
Lisbon, and said that the Portuguese technical assistance is what most helps
his country.

Besides showing his interest in continuing this kind of assistance, Bernardino
Cardoso also suggested that Portuguese firms take advantage of the new Guinea-
Bissau investment code to invest their capital there in profit yield-projects.

8870 °
CSO: 3442/196

20


JPRS~SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

BURKINA

FRANCE HANDS OVER RADIO FACILITY IN BOBO DIOULASSO
AB250620 Ouagadougou Domestic Service in French 1300 GMT 24 Mar 85

[Excerpts] Our counterparts at Radio Bobo have a new building. The building
was officially handed over yesterday in Bobo Dioulasso in the pressence of
Information and Culture Minister Ouattamou Lamien, We go to Raymoldo Ouedraogo
for the details:

[Ouedraogo] Finally, the new Radio Bobo building was officially handed over
to the Burkinabe authorities yesterday, 24 March 1985, by the French. The

ceremony took place without fanfare. In short, the rather discreet but sig-
nificant ceremony was attended by provincial authorities and officials of the
regional press who accompanied Comrade Ouattamou Lamien, the minister of in-
formation and culture who represented Burkina, and Francois (Milmeche), the

director of the French cooperation mission in Burkina who represented France.

In their addresses on the occasion, the two sides expressed satisfaction with
the concretization of this old project. For his part, the director of the
French cooperation mission lauded the spirit of friendship and solidarity
which govern French-Burkinabe relations. Mr (Milmeche) also stressed his
country's interest in the concretization of the Radio Bobo extension project
within the framework of bilateral cooperation in the field of information. On
behalf of the French Government, he expressed great satisfaction at giving the
keys to the new building to the Burkinabe information and culture minister.
The French representative concluded by hoping that this building would exem-
plify the cooperation existing between our two countries.

Here is some information on this new building: It contains 15 offices, with
carpeting of course, and includes 3 studios with the latest equipment, and

3 workshops. It is far bigger than the central building of the national radio
service in Ouagadougou.

CSO: 3400/967

16


JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

PORTUGUESE DESCRIBES CONDITIONS, TORTURES IN PRISON
Lisbon O DIABO in Portuguese 26 Feb 85 p 16

{Text] Eighteen months spent in FRELIMO'S prisons without being charged, and
subjected to torture, that is the hell lived by Delfim Leitao, a Portuguese, a
native of Mozambique Island, and a witness and victim of the way human rights
are understood in Samora Machel's regime. Now in Lisbon, in the presence of
half a dozen newsmen, he recalls that hell:

"They even made me stand for 18 hours leaning in front of a wall with my hands
tied behind my back and watched by guards, who were relieved every 2 hours.

On other occasions--and that sprained my back--I was forced to remain more
than 8 hours with one of my wrists tied to a high cell bar, with my arm and
body outstretched so that only the tips of my toes touched the floor. There
were various threats of drowning on occasions when they tied my feet and
elbow, with wrists manacled, the feet and elbows being tied with the same rope.
In that condition, I was repeatedly submerged in a small pool of water. After
these Sessions, I would return to the cell and during the night pails of water
were thrown at me through the bars every half hour."

That happened in the "revolutionary" period that followed independence and
which Samora Machel and his partisans say has already beén superseded; it
happened less than 2 years ago, because Delfim Leitao was arrested in January
1983 by the National People's Security Service (SNASP), the FRELIMO regime's
political police, and remained under arrest until July 1984, That month, thus
before Samora Machel had offered Mario Soares the release of 11 other Portuguese
whom he publicly called good-for-nothings, Delfim Leitao was freed without any
explanations or excuse and forced to come to Lisbon, the plane ticket for the
trip being at his own expense, or more precisely, his wife's.

"I was told that the Mozambican Security Ministry did not have any funds to

pay for my air travel on being repatriated./ The Portuguese Embassy, too, did

not pay, the ticket being bought by my wife. There is a strange fact that I

have to point out: the Portuguese consul asked me not to make any statement

about what had happened to'me during those 18 months. He said that the two of

us would talk in Lisbon, that he had sent a note to the Foreign Ministry and
that, therefore, they would be waiting for me in Lisbon. But there was no one
waiting for me and even in the Foreign Ministry, where I telephoned, they did not
know about my arrival. The consul never contacted me again.. “ .

29



JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

ANGOLA

UNICEF REPORTS INCREASING FOOD SHORTAGES
Lisbon DIARIO DE NOTICIAS in Portuguese 28 Feb 85 p 15 :

[Text] The present shortage of food in Angola, which will become "severe"
by the end of the year, is affecting more than 2 million Angolans in the
provinces of Huila, Cunene and Cuando-Cubango, according to a report by
the Portuguese Committee for UNICEF, published yesterday in Lisbon.

To alleviate the situation "will require $4 million (720,000 contos) to
cover logistic expenses and the cost of renting vehicles to transport food,
medicines and miscellaneous materiel."

The report which the Portuguese Committee for UNICEF published in Lisbon
speaks of the present situation in 11 African countries, with special
reference to Angola, Mozambique and Cape Verde.

In further reference to Angola, the report mentions the existence of a great
number of orphans and abandoned children "absolutely devoid of clothing,
shelter, food and medical care."

Regarding Mozambique, the report says that "4 years of adverse climatic
conditions and constant internal conflicts have placed 4.7 million
Mozambicans in a dangerous situation."

Hungry Children

The report states that in areas affected by drought and internal conflicts,
"one child out of every five is suffering the effects of moderate or light

malnutrition" and that "10 percent of them have no parents."

"In Manica Province more than 300,000 persons are now being affected by a
lack of food and in Tete Province this figure rises to 483,000," the report
continues.

"In 1984 UNICEF furnished $1.3 million worth of emergency aid to finance
its regular cooperative program," the report adds.

"At the end of 1984 contributions from UNICEF to Mozambique included donations

1



JPRS~SSA-85-037
2 May logs

ZAIRE

REFUGEE SITUATION NOT ALARMING, AID PROGRAMS PLANNED
Kinshasa ELIMA in French 12 Feb 85 p 8
{Article by N'Zinga Nsingi: "Zairian Refugee Situation Not Alarming"]

[Text] In a wide-ranging press interview shortly before his return to

Geneva, W. Smyser, assistant high commissioner of the HCR, reported
that the refugee situation in Zaire was not alarming. Because of the
Zairian government's particular generosity in this regard, Smyser

had just spent a week in our country, from January 31 to February 6, 1985,
in order to study the overall situation of refugees in Zaire, to thank
the Zairian government for the exemplary welcome it has offered until

now and, above all, to study the actual situation of refugees in the
Shaba region.

Mr Smyser indicated that the situation is of particular concern in the
Shaba region, where nearly 50,000 refugees have recently arrived in

the Dilolo zone from Angola. The United Nations Refugee High Commission
(HCR) is now studying an emergency program to deal with the situation.
As usual, it will consist of a traditional aid program including food,
housing, health care, education, etc., requiring millions of American
dollars.

As for the rest of the country, many of the refugees who settled in
Upper Zaire are returning home; in Lower Zaire, they are resettling
in rural areas. Repatriation and rural resettlement, the two current
focal points of the HCR program in Zaire, are in fact taking place.

Following the Second International Conference on Aid to African Refugees
(CIARA II) held in Geneva from July 9-11, 1984, plans were made for

a dozen aid projects reflecting the current desire of the United Nations
Refugee High Commission to integrate refugee aid with regional development
programs. These projects can move ahead as soon as funding is found.

Mr Smyser declared himself very satisfied with his stay in Zaire.

9825
CSO: 3419/292

83



JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

DIE AFRIKANER ON NP POLICIES
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 6 Mar 85 p 4
[Editorial: "Afrikanerhood and Whiteness"]

[Text] With a government that over the past 15 to 16 years has increasingly
turned its back on the.Afrikaner people's values and has allowed itself to be
used to divide Afrikaners, license has actually been granted to the Afrikaner
people's enemies to argue with the Afrikaner, to curse him, to mock him, and
to portray him as the scapegoat of South Africa.

As is always the case with every people, there are among Afrikaners those
cowardly ones who look for an excuse to escape from the difficult demands of
their people's history and consciously or unconsciously become promoters of
enemy objectives. The more the enemies cozy up to them and praise them,

the more industrious they become towards their new masters and kindred spirits,
and the more hostile towards those of their fellow citizens who refuse to
follow them.

They have left deep and dark tracks in our history, even in contemporary
history.

They have succeeded in persuading Afrikaners to accept racial mixing in sports
through deception and out of misplaced loyality to their party leaders, who
have deserted the cause. This has spread to racial mixing at Afrikaans uni-
versities and in theaters, hotels, factories and. trains.

Along the way, demands have been made for a multiracial government and parlia-
ment. And thus an Afrikaans church has recently shifted to the position taken
by the former London Missionary Society and the present World Council of
Churches concerning racial equality and mixing.

Split

Each of these steps was calculated to split the Afrikaner people apart, so that
non-whites could penetrate into the domains of social life, the economy, cul-
ture, politics, education and religion.

70


It is high time that advocates of disinvestment be forced by the unanimous
action of the majority of South Africans to publicly state without ambiguity
who has given them a mandate to force economic hardships on the inhabitants
of South Africa; how they will resurrect a new and better society from the
ashes of economic decay; and what sort of responsibility they accept for the
suffering that they will bring about through disinvestment.

12271
cso: 3401/108

55



JPRS-SSA~-85-037
2 May 1985

ANGOLA

ANGOLA'S NEW MILITARY STRATEGY, WEAPONS
Lisbon A TARDE in Portuguese 28 Feb 85 p 11

/Text/ Taking advantage of the hardening of the conflict with the South Africans
in the south, Angola decided to concentrate its military efforts on the armed
opposition forces of UNITA under Jonas Savimbi, principally through the strength-
ening of its air force, which has become more flexible and powerful.

Angolan air power is now equipped with Soviet-manufactured MiG-23 and Sukhoi
combat planes which have been combined with MiG-21's already on hand in Luanda,
according to an Angolan military official.

The Russians, principal suppliers of Angolan arms, have also made available to
the Angolan Air Force--for which many pilots have been trained in recent years
in Angola and Russia--Mi-24 combat helicopters. These can be observed at the
military base in Luanda, as well as at Lubango, the general headquarters of
the southern forces.

But the Angolans are also seeking to diversify their aircraft. They have pur-
chased Swiss reconnaissance planes of the "Pilatus" class, and are in discussion
with Spain (CASA fighters) and with Brazil. Angola has just negotiated the
purchase of 25 Gazelle helicopters (for combat) and Dauphin (for patrol) from
France.

The technical aspects of this Franco-Angolan contract are agreed upon, but the
financial clauses are still under discussion--indicates an Angolan source--with
the key being Paris' last minute hesitation in opening lines of credit for the
first 10 helicopters.

"The new strategy--Angolan military experts explain--envisions an attack upon
military sanctuaries of UNITA and its supply lines, which were spread throughout
the country for logistical purposes."

Following this strategy, heavy units, using: Soviet military tactics, will
encircle these bases, which will already have been bombed by pursuit planes
supporting the ground operations.

Groups of commandos, some of whom were trained by Portuguese specialists in
counterguerilla tactics, will be helicoptered in to attack rebel elements.



If the nomads are the first victims of the drought, the sedentary farmers
have not been spared: The rainfall dropped to 90 mm in 1984; crops have
been devastated; harvests are non-existent or nearly so; and supplies are
running out. The drought has caused the water level of the Niger to drop.
Some crops, particularly rice, have been scorched as they are no longer
submerged.

Gao's sports field has been converted into a "soup kitchen". Those who are
known here not as refugees but as "floating populations", crowd around us.
Hundreds of mothers with their babies in their arms, wait for food to

be distributed without speaking a word. A little rice mixed with some
powdered milk is handed out. These meals are prepared by a few women
volunteers. And the scene is all too familiar: swollen stomachs,
dehydrated limbs, foreheads burning with fever...

"Make-Shift Cemeteries"

With temperature of 40°C at noon, 0°C at night, with the concentration of
people in the camps, the epidemics are formidable: measles, paludism,
lung and bronchial ailments, parasitic diseases and diarrhea are causing
great losses...Several kilometers from the camp, the disaster victims
have set up "make-shift cemeteries". Tonight, 48 bodies will be buried.

According to Mr Assarid, secretary general of the National Assembly,

20,000 nomads are stricken by the drought; the monthly needs of the region
of Gao total 400,000 metric tons of grain. Current back-up reserves,
including rice, corn and sorghum, are at 99.4 tons. From August 1984 to
January 1985, a period of 5 months, only 780 tons of aid reached the camps,
sent by the United States or UN-related agencies.

Mr Cisse, regional health administrator, told us that an outbreak of
cholera had been checked by his team of Malian doctors and international aid.

But sanitary conditions are still deplorable: "We very urgently need,"

he said, "110,000 vaccinations against measles, 120,000 against meningitis,
antibiotics, anti-malarial and anti-parasitic drugs and vaccination guns.
We need gasoline. Inspite of constant efforts by the authorities and
non-governmental organizations, we lack everything."

Tarachane, a town located 20 km from Gao, straddling the Niger: We treat
several children suffering from diarrhea by oral rehydration. This is the
method recommended by UNICEF. Operation Hope has been so successful
elsewhere that ORSEC-Sahel will establish itself here. A Malian medical
auxiliary alone has provided health assistance up to now to 5,000 inhabitants;
on 250 hectares, a variety of grains will be grown and medical, social and
educational development will be handled by the organization. Very near by,
in Forgho, the site of a 30-hectare agricultural project, several tens of
farmers aided by an agronomist have succeeded, against all obstacles, in
producing more than 5 metric tons of grain per hectare, thanks to simple
technical means: motorized pumps, irrigation, wells, farm implements...

It is proven that microdevelopment projects can give results. "The Niger River
holds unknown possibilities," affirmed Mr Abouzedi, Gao's legislative
representative. "We have no right to starve on its banks." And do we have
the right to be unaware of this tragedy?

12413 26

CSO: 3419/336


For a government there is really only one way to avoid such situations. That
is to identify danger points in time and then to intervene in a meaningful
way to defuse them. Defuse in time, or else all its good work has been for
nought by the time it announces it.

Inadequate

At the moment attention is given on the one hand to the chronic unrest all over
the country, and on the other to how law and order can be maintained with the
smallest possible loss of life.

Let there be no doubt about it: the deaths caused by unrest, which have already
been occurring for several months, not only have a devastating effect on
relations domestically, but are actively working great destruction abroad in

a climate that in some countries is more hostile than ever before.

After all that has beensaid, one realizes how inadequate words are when a country
has to be governed while elements that do not care what. the effects of their
deeds are reign supreme. The worse things become, the happier the person who
uses violence is.

All this goes to show again how necessary it is that people of all groups who
want to solve the country's problems peacefully must stand together. Every day
it becomes clearer that every person will have to make the choice to range
himself on the side of the peacemakers or on the side of the tyrants.

Ever Worsening

Everyone realizes that Crossroads will remain one of the focal points and the
question arises whether this does not offer the opportunity for a big coopera-
tive effort to solve this problem peacefully, or at least bring it under control.
This would make a major coup for South Africa.

The situation in the squatters' village (really a city already) is untenable
and is worsening. With mere violence this cannot be solved.

Consulting and cooperation and exhortation will be necessary, even though this
will take time.

The government has alternatives available in the form of houses and neat,
hygienic squatter accommodations. Other possibilities, in which the element
of force must have no place, could also be considered anew before the monstrous
problem becomes worse.

Is everyone who wants orderly urbanization of blacks prepared to help with the
carrying out of such administration?

Price Too High

Even then it is an all-encompassing task that awaits, because it is known world-
wide how difficult it is to overcome the phenomenon of squatterism or to control it.

But the price that continuing confrontation and perhaps even violent clashes again
over the removal of people from this land will require is too high to pay. Let us
do everything possible to avoid this.

12855
CSO: 3401/126 62


AREAS OF BOPHUTHATSWANA SUFFERING UNDER 4-YEAR DROUGIIT

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 26 Mar 85 p 8

{Article by Kashvina Jaga]

[Text]

"A remote expanse of |”

Jand — dry, barren, !
distant from civilisa- |
tion — offering little in |
the way of survival. It |
is a place where black |:
people are dumped .../
Just another homeland. ;

That is what The Star
and Operation Hunger
saw on a recent visit to
Atamelang Township and
rural _Khunwana in Bo-
phuthatswana.

Operation Hunger was
called in after a plea for
help from the residents.

People here have no
choice but to live in an
area which has been ra- |
vaged by drought for the
last four years.

“Survival — how does
one manage without
water?” jis the question ;
most asked. |

That is the situation
the residents are faced i
with. Children in the |
Khunwana village dig up :
the sand of the dry river |
bed in their search for
water.

A ‘Methodist minister,
Rev Shadrack “Shakes”
Ramantsi said: “People
are drinking the river

cso: 3400/952

water, and by the gracéTM
of God, no-one, has died
from it yet.” "

He said the only supply
of water was from the
river, boreholes and rain
water stored in drums.

The water in the drums
was unclean and many
people had broken out in
rashes or were covered in
sores after drinking it.

The drought has taken
its toll of livestock and
farming is impossible be-
cause the little water
available is brackish.

“People are starving
here, there is no water.
and there is no work,”
Rev Ramantsi said.

Little work was to be
had on nearby farms due
to mechanisation and the
men had had to leave and
look for work elsewhere

coming home only
once or twice a year.

Tswana men were
being forced to work on
mines in Rustenburg and’
Carletonville -— = “al-
though traditionally the
Tswanas have never been
a mining community”.

The women are entire-
ly dependent on their
husbands for a livelihood

and their positive spirit is
remarkable despite the
hopelessness they have to
live with.

Many women have al-
ready started their own
self-help . projects and
when Operation Hunger
director Mrs Ina Perl-
man spoke with them
they had plenty of ideas
on how to make a living.
Sewing, knitting, brick-
making and candle-mak-
ing were just some of
their ideas.

The sheepskin cloaks
and hand-made pottery
they brought out illus-
trated their natural skills
~- even though they have
had no formal training.

Their gratitude was
touching and they were
overcome when Mrs
Perlman said Operation
Hunger would send them
materials, sewing and
knitting machines.

The battle these people
have to make ends meet
is compounded by having
to travel about 30km to
Delareyville in  Sonth
Africa, just to buy daily
household goods.

64

JPRS-SSA-85-037

2 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

‘The return fare is
R180 and with house
rentals standing at R27 a
month, the women have
little to live on from the

| R30-R50 allowances sent
by their husbands.

Farm workers are be-
lieved to earn no more
than R7 a month and the
often racist attitude of
their employers causes
much hardship for many
black families.

Rev Ramantsi said he
i kmew of a farm worker
who had been beaten up
by his employer simply
because he bad asked
why he had not been paid
for five months.

Churches are being
used as schools and the
Bophuthatswana Govern-
ment seems _ Satisfied
with that stakaffairs,
as no new schools are
being built.

Rev Ramantsi, who
spends more time doing
social work than as a
practising minister,
passes this off with a
shtug of the shoulders.
“What must one do? The
problems here are just
too many.”


JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

INDIANS, COLOREDS TO SERVE ON STATE BOARDS
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 26 Mar 85 p 4

{Text ]

PARLIAMENT — Indians and col-
oured people are to be appointed to all
government boards and parastatal cor-
porations.

This was disclosed yesterday by the
Indian Minister of the Budget, Mr
Boeti Abramjee, who said that mem-
bers of his community would also be
appointed to the controversial agricul-
tural boards.

The Minister said that, in 1977, the
Cabinet Council, under the chairman-
ship of Mr BJ Vorster decided that
coloured people and Indians should be
appointed to all government commis-
sions and boards but the decision was
never implemented.

With the introduction of the trica-
meral Parliament a further decision
had been taken in this regard.

Mr Abramijee said that all Ministers
had been instructed to submit lists of
the boards under their control to him
and the coloured Minister of the Bud-
get, the Rev Amdrew Julies,

He also announced that the National
Housing Fund, Community Develop-
ment Fund and Community Develop-

3400/952

ment Board were to be dishanded and
their functions divided between tlie
three “own affairs” ministries,

A single board, with six:or seven
members, would be appointed to take
over the functions of the threé commit-
tees that affected the Indian communi-
ty. . :
Indians and coloured people, he said,
would also be represented oh the Na-
tional Transport Commission, the Na-
tional Manpower Commissiori, the Un-
employment Insurance Fund and
would be given increased representa-
tion on the President's Economic Advi-
sory Council,

Members of the two communities
would also be appointed to the boards
of parastatal organisations such as
Iscor, Soekor and Escom.

Indian farmers would be represented
on agricultural boards through the
Natal Indian Farmers’ Association and
the Natal Indian Canegrowers’ Asso-
ciation. :

He said the appointments would en-
sure that, for the first timé, Indians
and coloured people would bé fully in-
tegrated into the decision-making pro-
cess of government. .



JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

MADAGASCAR

BRIEFS
FRENCH AID-~An economic accord for Fr 4,182,121 was signed this afternoon at
the Ministry of Public Works in Antananarivo by Alain Bry, French ambassador

to Madagascar, and by Victor Ramahatra, minister of public works. [Summary]
[Antananarivo Domestic Service in French 1850 GMT 12 Apr 85 MB]

cso: 3400/997

23



INVESTIGATION INTO MONEY MATTERS OF BAFOKENG TRIBE

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 24 Mar 85 p 7

{Article by Jasper Mortimer]

{Text]

CHIEF Eddie Molotlegi
of Bophuthatswana may
be the rictiest chief in
Africa — his Bafokeng
tribe get R15-million a
year in royalties from
two platinum mines,

But what the chief
does with the money is
not clear.

He lives in a lavishly
furnished mansion out-
side Rustenburg with a
fleet of limousines in-
cluding a Cadillac and a
Mercedes.

When a Bophutha-
“tswana commission of '
inquiry examined his”
administration of the
Bafokeng, the chief’s
lawyers admitted the ,
accounts were not in
‘order,

President Lucas
Mangope appointed the
commission after the
chief had sent him a let-
ter in June 1983 saying
the Bafokeng wished to
declare “UDI” from Bophutha-
Aswana.

The commission's report has
‘never been released but last Au
“gust Mr Mangope said the com- ,
‘mission had found “maladminis-
-tration”, that the Bafokeng tribal
police had molested innocent cis.
vilians; and that Chief Molotlegi
had refused to see Bophutha-
‘tswana Government officials,

« The Sunday Star tried four
times in four weeks to interview
Chief Molotlegi at his home in
Phokeng on the road to Sun City.

CSO: 3400/943

Each time it was refused on’
grounds of ill-health. *

“The chief has a cardiac condi-
tion and is about to go into hospi-
tal,” his lawyer Mr R M Honey
said last week.

Mr Honey claimed Chief Mo-

lotlegi had “no real control” over °

the money as it was allocated by
a 26-man Tribal Council, which
Chief Molotlegi chaired. In addi-
tion, the Tribal Council's budget
was approved by the Bophutha-
tswana Government.

Mr Honey said the tribe had
used the mining royalties to
build the Bafokeng Civic Cen-
tre, the Phokeng Health Centre,
(he claimed each cost R3-million
to R4-million) as well as 30
Schools and numerous roads.

The tribe had saved R30-mil-
lion and, according to Impala
Platinum, owned 44 farms cover-
ing 70 000 ha.

Asked about.the suggestion
that funds had been embezzled,
Mr Honey said the Vivier Com-
mission had heard no allegation
of misappropriation. “It was just
slack book-keeping,”

The tribe seems to have been
receiving the mine millions for
about 15 years,

Pretoria University’s
Professor R D Coertze,
who, as an anthropolo-
gist has studied the Ba-
fokeng, says there is no
“outward indication of a
Squandering of funds”.

“My impression is
that the present chief
has been the initiator of
extensive development

75

JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

projects, roads, agricul-
ture and so forth. One
gets the impression the
affluence is used in an
acceptable way.”
Phokeng township
has few tarred roads
but the average house is
certainly superior to
the Soweto matchbox.
Chief Molotlegi was
studying at Wits Medi-
, cal School when his fa-
ther died and he re-
turned to Phokeng to
take over the tribe in
1956.

. His differences with
. Chief Mangope appear
to go back to the days when Pre-
toria was fostering self-develop-
ment for the Bophuthatswana
homeland. Chief Molotlegi was
said to oppose the Bantustan pol-

icy.

The UDI move was motivated
by the complaint that Mmabatho
was not giving the Bafokeng suf-
ficient funds and was “riding on
the back” of the mine royalties,

Professor Coertze estimates
the tribe numbers about 60 000.

If one ignores sources of in-
come other that the Ri5-million
royalties, the Bafokeng have a
per capita income of R250 a
year. This is not particularly
high as the per capita GNP for
Bophuthatswana was R870 in
1980 (the latest available figure)
and that of Malawi was R224 in
1981.



Poor Road Conditions; Security Matters Discussed
(Mbiyavanga M.; ELIMA, 2-3 Feb 85) ..cececsceeeceseceeeves

Briefs
Chinese Community in Equateur

ZIMBABWE

Party Youth Official Warns of Pseudo Members
(Harare Domestic Service, 13 Apr 85) ..

Briefs
Chinese Doctors Arrive

84

85

86

87


Difficulties in Squatter's Village 'Crossroads' Discussed
(DIE BURGER, 23 Feb 85) ssceccscvccvcccccecesceccsececeeee

Tambo Notes ANC To Continue ‘Armed Struggle‘
(Lusaka Domestic Service, 1 Apr 85) veseeseeecees

Areas of Bophuthatswana Suffering Under 4-Year Drought
(Kashvina Jaga; THE STAR, 26 Mar 85) .cseccescececcceseees

Indians, Coloreds to Serve on State Boards
(THE STAR, 26 Mar 85) secsssceceneecceccceceeeeceeecseeces

Biblical Basis for Apartheid Discussed
(Andries Botha Interview; DIE BURGER, 15 Mar 85) ..esseuee

DIE AFRIKANER on NP Policies
(Editorial; DIE AFRIKANER, 6 Mar 85) .....

Paper Discusses Black Support for NP
(Patrick Laurence; RAND DAILY MAIL, 10 Apr 85) w.sceeeeeee

Investigation Into Money Matters of Bafokeng Tribe
(Jasper Mortimer; THE SUNDAY STAR, 24 Mar 85) .eveceeseeee

AV Meeting Says Afrikaners Facing Worst Crisis in History
(THE STAR, 22 Mar 85) cecseccavcceecceccccecceeceuceseeees

Mpetha Appeals After Change in Law
(THE STAR, 25 Mar 85) secsceesecceccccevcevcteerseecssecess

Low White Birth Rate Empties Classrooms
(Cherilyn Ireton; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 24 Apr 85) .eceveeeeesce

Briefs
Youth Urged To Unite
Strikers Go Back To Work
Swedish Boycott
Better Media Communication Urged

SWAZILAND

Briefs
Minister Redetained

Guang-Dong Gift to Equateur Region
(Odio-Ons'Osang; ELIMA, 27 Feb 85) veccccseecsccevecceuass

Refugee Situation Not Alarming, Aid Programs Planned
(N'Zinga Nsingi; ELIMA, 12 Feb 85) ..cccececveccccssceeccs

-d-

61

63

64

65

66

70

72

75

76

77

78

81

82

83


from Italy, Japan, Norway and Great Britain and were used to finance emergency
aid programs for the 1984-1985 period, budgeted at $4.65 million," UNICEF
disclosed.

As for Cape Verde, the report speaks of a period of drought lasting 16 years
which is affecting agricultural production and making it necessary in many
cases for "women and children to walk 10 km every day to obtain drinking water."

Aid to Survive

"The shortage of agricultural production is affecting the entire population,
59 percent of whom are children 15 years of age or younger," the report says.

The document points out that "the country produces only 4 percent of its
nutritional requirements, depending entirely on outside aid to survive."

"The mortality rate among children, which is 100 per 1,000, was reduced to
71 per 1,000 in areas where there are health centers," the document points
out and goes on to say that diarrheal diseases are "one of the principal
causes of death among children."

8568
cso: 3442/203

12



for the last ten years), winter farming and fishing expertise acquired
by the local fleet operating on the Saharan banks.

Soon the two governments will likely sign a treaty of cooperation for the
construction of fishing boats in Spain for the Cape Verde fleet, training
for agricultural specialists and the construction of a soft drink plant in
Cape Verde, among other projects. The establishment of regular service by
sea between the Canary Islands and Cape Verde is also likely.

8844
CSO: 3442/229


JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

ZAIRE

POOR ROAD CONDITIONS; SECURITY MATTERS DISCUSSED
Kinshasa ELIMA in French 2-3 Feb 85 p 3
[Article by Mbiyavanga M.: "Roads in Disrepair in Kimpese"]

[Text] The highway linking the center of Kimpese to Songa near Angola,
in the Cataractes subregion, is deteriorating. Although it serves the
Mpinda military camp near the border, this badly maintained rural road
has been overlooked by zone authorities. If it weren't for the goodwill
of a businessman, citizen Kiabanguka Tusevo of "KIP Co.", who employs
several workers at his own expense, this scrap of road would no longer
exist. The people of Kimpese wonder why local firms do not contribute

to its upkeep.

With respect to security matters, the new zone commissioner has his work
cut out for him. Kimpese's small downtown area is overrun with different
police bureaus, which create more fear than they do good. It is not
possible to travel even a short distance without being harassed by agents
demanding all kinds of papers, including imaginary ones. Not to mention
those who collect fines without providing receipts.

As an example: citizen Tul, married, the mother of a large family and the
sister of a man suspected of having tortured an unidentified person, was
arrested, bound and taken to Kimpese where she was thrown in jail.
According to the agents who arrested her, this procedure was supposed to
make it easy to locate the fugitive. Doesn't the Zairian penal code
stipulate that "infraction is an individual matter"? The poor woman's
life was saved only through the personal intervention of the zone
commissioner.

Practices such as these do not do credit to our police services.

9825
cso: 3419/292

84


JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MPETHA APPEALS AFTER CHANGE IN LAW

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 25 Mar 85 p 4

[Text]

cso:

BLOEMFONTEIN ~ The ap-
peal of Oscar Mpetha, 75-year-
old trade unionist and communi-
ty leader of Nyanga East,
against imprisonment for five
years for participation in terror-
ist activities was heard by the
Appeal Court in Bloemfontein
today. ©

The conviction arose from
violence in and near the Cross-
roads squatter camp between
August 8 and August 12 1980
with particular reference to Au-
gust 11° when two motorists
were attacked and killed in
Klipfontein Road:

Mpetha, an organiser ‘for the
Food and Canning Work-
ers’ Union and chairman of the
Nyanga Residents’ Association
for some years, was convicted
by Mr Justice DM Williamson
in the Cape Supreme Court on
June 6 1983,

The sentence was the mini-
mum prescribed under the Ter-
rorism Act that was in’ force
when the trial started but the
trial judge indicated that had he

3400/940

not been obliged to impose a
minimum sentence, he would
have totally suspended whatev-
er sentence was imposed.

The appeal was heard by Mr
Justice Corbett, Mr Justice
Kotze, Mr Justice van Heerden,
Mr Justice Hefer and Mr Justice
Galgut (acting judge of appeal).

The argument submitted re-
volved around whether the In-
ternal Security Act, No 74 of
1982, which came into’ force
after the trial started but before
it ended, had amended or re-
pealed the provisions of the Ter-
rorism Act and the provision in
the Interpretation Act of 1957
whereby a penalty “may be im-
posed” as if a repealing law had
not been passed.

It was contended that this al-
lowed a discretion to the judge
to impose the penalty as provid-
ed under the former law, but
also the discretion to impose an-
other penalty.

Thus, it was contended, an ap-
propriate sentence would have
been a period of imprisonment

77

totally suspended, as indicated
by the trial court.

Reasons for this would have
been Mpetha’s age, his poor
health, his life expectancy, the
circumstances that prevailed
when the offence was commit-
ted, the nature of his participa-
tion in the offence and the fact
that he was in detention for 34
months before and during his
trial.

For the State, it was submit:
ted that the word “may” in the
relevant portion of the Interpre-
tation Act meant that.it permit-
ted unfinished business of a trial
to be properly concluded ac-
cording to the Jaw that original-
ly set it in motion.

The State contended that the
new Act created new offences
and new penalties and was not
an affirmation or continuance of
the old Act because it was too
dissimilar. The trial judge was
said to have been correct to pe-
nalise Mpetha in terms of the
old Act (Terrorism Act). —
Sapa.



JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

SWEDISH BOYCOTT--The government and the companies importing coal today
agreed not to buy coal from South Africa. Earlier this week, the National
Price and Cartel Office established that Swedish imports of coal from
South Africa increased more than 10-fold during last year. Energy Minister
Birgitta Dahl had therefore summoned the 23 coal importers today for a
meeting, during which the agreement to stop importing South African

coal was concluded. [Text] [Stockholm Domestic Service in Swedish

2100 GMT 27 Mar 85]

BETTER MEDIA COMMUNICATION URGED--The minister of constitutional development
and planning, Mr Chris Heunis, says although there are communication channels
for negotiation between the government and the different population groups in
South Africa, there is room for improvement. Speaking on television, Mr
Heunis said individuals and communities had to realise, however, that commu—
nication was a two-way process. He said the South African media could play a
greater role in promoting positive communication. Speaking on the same
program, the chairman of the Association of Urban Councils of South Africa,
[UCASA] Mr (Steve Khama), said although good progress had been made in
improving communication between UCASA and the government, serious considera-
tion would have to be given to more direct and speedier communication. [Text ]
[Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1900 GMT 10 Apr 85]

CSO: 3400/997

80


JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

BRIEFS

SPECIAL COURT~-Embezzlement and stealing of public funds as well as obtaining
public property under false pretenses will henceforth be checked. Under an
ordinance signed on 5 February 1985 by the head of state, a special court of
justice has been set up in Chad to try such misdeed. The court will be offi-
cially inaugurated tomorrow, Friday, at 0800 under the chairmanship of the
head of state, El Hadj Hissein Habre. The special court will sit in Ndjamena
but it can also sit anywhere in the country to hear cases on the proposal of
the president of the court. The court is competent to hear cases of embezzle-
ment and stealing of public funds or property of public companies and estab-
lishments, cooperative movements, or companies set up by the state and run by
civil servants or persons delegated by a public corporation under state con-
trol. These misdeeds are punishable by jail terms, fines, life imprisonment
with hard labor, or death. [Excerpts] [Ndjamena Domestic Service in French
1845 GMT 4 Apr 85 AB]

CSO: 3400/967

18


172100

JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

Dtc QUALITY myapec e

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

19980224 119

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
|
'

REPRODUCED BY

SISTREUTION SIRTEMENT «NATIONAL TECHNICAL
ON STATEMENT & INFORMATION SERVICE

Approved for public release; oe i
Distribution Unlimited A



JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

MINISTER REDETAINED~-Swaziland's former Finance Minister, Dr Sishayi Nxumalo,
in police custody since November, was yesterday served with appers extending
his detention for a second 60 days. Mr Nxumalo was detained two months ago
under the 60-Day Detention Act, Ie has not yet been charged with any offence.
Sources at Matsatha Central Péison said four other detainees were also to be
served with new detention papers. The four, including the former army and
police chiefs and the deputy police commissioner, will appear in court in
April on charges under the Subversive Activities Act. [Text] [Johannesburg
SUNDAY TIMES in English 24 Mar 85 p 7]

CSO: 3400/943

81



All these groups are interested in the production of cacao and can expand
their activity to other products such as pepper.

However, they understand that their firms must have a total autonomy on the
management level and not be subject to the comanagement arrangements that some
Sao Tome officials have wanted.

They also claim the possibility of freely exporting a large part of their
products and the freedom to provide food to their workers, as this is the
incentive considered the determining factor for the work. The alternative mas
a higher salary policy than is customary in the country, which would cause
social problems.

As soon as the Sao Tome Government comes forward with proposed guarantees, the
World Bank will invest more than 10 million dollars in the old Sao Tome planta-
tions and provide more than 5 million to be used according to the local
authorities.

8870
CsO: 3442/196

AL



JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

ANGOLA

NAMIBE ASSEMBLY ACTS TO IMPROVE LIVING STANDARDS
Juanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 19 Nar 85 p 3

[Text] Namibe--The Provincial People's Assembly of Namibe,
meeting on 12 and 13 March in this city, adopted important
resolutions aimed at improving the people's living standard,
namely with regard to rural marketing, transportation in the
city of Namibe and the drinking water supply.

After intense debate by the deputies on the manner in which rural marketing is
conducted, and upon verification of many complaints that the peasants are not
attracted by the products now being sent, owing to a shortage of the sought~
after products which have suited the habits and customs of the province and have
always served as a medium of exchange, the Provincial People's Assembly ordered
its Committee for Community Services, Public Supply, Housing and Self-Help
Construction to meet with the Domestic Trade and Agriculture ministries and
draft a basic proposal for presentation at the next session, regarding rural
marketing. ,

Again, in light of the discrepancies observed between the marketing practices

in neighboring rural zones and in the interior of Namibe Province, in terms

of the products received and the cattle delivered by the peasants, the committee
was charged with contacting the competent agencies in Benguela and Huila provinces
for the purpose of normalizing conditions and reconciling the forms of rural
marketing.

Regarding traffic in the city of Namibe, the assembly recommended that the Pro~
vincial Directorate of Commmity Services and the provincial delegation of the
Interior Ministry install traffic signals in the city within 30 days from the
date of the current session. It is noted that this recommendation was also
contained in a resolution which came out of the ninth regular session of this
body and was never implemented by the Committee for Justice, Defense, Security,
Public Order and Citizens' Complaints, although the lack of traffic signals

at the major intersections in the city has been the principal reason for a large
number of traffic accidents.

Regarding the drinking water supply in this city, the Provincial People’s
Assembly of Namibe advised its Commmity Services Committee to conduct an



Since the Lusaca agreements, concluded with Pretoria in February 1984, governing
the withdrawal of South African troops from Angolan territory, the Cubans, who
constitute the second line of defense in the south, have retreated to the 15th

parallel.

"But, they stay on the alert, as do our pursuit planes, since the South Africans
remain 40 km inside our border, and can marshall important forces from the other
side of the Namibian frontier," declares an air force representative.

Flying over the territory still occupied by the Pretorian forces, as far as the
frontier village of Santa Clara--aboard a "Puma" helicopter of French manufac-
ture belonging to the South African side of the mixed Angolan-South African
commission charged with controlling the implementation of the Lusaca agreements--
the special envoy of the AFP saw no military equipment except in the area
surrounding the locality of N'Giva.

This village, which is the capital of the province of Cunene on the Namibian
border, is the meeting-ground for the Angolan and Soubh African forces. But,
the Pretorian representatives explain that, in cases of movement of the forces
of SWAPO (the Organization of the People of Southwest Africa, a Namibian libera-
tion movement), the battalions do not hesitate to cross the border in order to
attack the South Africans in Angolan territory.

It will be remembered that South Africa has asked that Luanda bring about the
cessation of SWAPO infiltrations into Angolan territory, as well as the departure
of the Cubans. For its part, Angola demands the withdrawal of Pretorian forces
from its territory, and the cessation of all support to UNITA.

According to the Angolan observers in the locale, the hardening of combat with
South Africa, and the ethnic disturbances among the forces of Jonas Savimbi,
have greatly reduced the operations of UNITA, whose sanctuaries are located in
the southeast of the country.

The armed opposition, who continue to be active in the regions of Huambo and
Bie (south-central) according to representatives of humanitarian organizations
who work there, have persevered in the north, but they are beginning to run out
of steam--according to the Angolans.

12857
CSO: 3442/201


JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

INDIAN REJECTION OF DISINVESTMENT VIEWED
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 13 Mar 85 p 14
(Editorial: "A Patriotic Reaction]

[Text] Yesterday disinvestment was unanimously and unambiguously rejected by
yet another significant group of South Africans--this time by the House of
Delegates in Parliament. And these Indian members of parliament belong to a
non-white population group, precisely those people whose interests the pro-
ponents of disinvestment profess to have at heart.

The Indians' clear message to proponents of disinvestment is: we stand shoul-
der to shoulder with all the other South Africans who reject this misplaced
and dangerous effort of yours; it will. bring only misery to non-white peoples
in particular and to South Africa's neighbors; and the economic consequences
of it will undermine change, because economic prosperity is indispensable for
political reform.

This concurs entirely with the position already assumed by various prominent
black and colored leaders, such as Capt Gatsha Buthelezi and the Rev Allan
Hendrickse.

From this reaction it is clear that disinvestment is not viewed as merely a
foreign phenomenon. White and non-white leaders realize that what is at stake
here is a matter that could effect the survival and well-being of all South
Africans as well as of the inhabitants of neighboring countries.

These facts will have to be brought more clearly to the attention of Americans.
In this, the coordinated anti-divestment campaign of the Department of Foreign
Affairs could play an important role.

Americans must come to recognize the strength with which a united South Africa
can resist attacks such as this one. That South Africans from all population
groups can stand together patriotically when their country is threatened and
that they will not stand for having their fatherland kicked around like a
political football.

54


Soviet Presence

In the meantime, according to the evidence gathered by the AFP, cooperation
with the socialist countries is not as important as the estimates advanced by
various sources, which in recent years mentioned the presence of about 2,000
soldiers and the construction of a submarine base. According to official
sources, confirmed by Western diplomats, there are 150 Soviets. From the
military point of view, they essentially occupy two powerful radars located
in the north and south of Sao Tome Island.

On the other hand, the reports that referred to the construction of a Soviet
submarine base in Porto Alegre (in the southern part of the island) are
groundless, according to all the evidence gathered.

"phere is no Soviet base in Sao Tome and there will never be one," declared a
high-level leader of the country in this regard, adding: "We are independent
of all blocs and we will never be a base of a foreign power in the region."

In the meantime, there are about 700 Angolan soldiers on the island. "It was
after the attempted invasion by mercenaries in 1978 that we asked Angola, as
well as other Portuguese-speaking countries of Africa, to send troops,"
explained an official source.

Those men remained in Sao Tome afterwards to train the Sao Tome troops, put
“they can leave any time."

On the other hand, there are 200 Cuban civilian and military cooperation aides
in the country, divided among various ministries.

Cooperation

In the meantime, Sao Tome leaders are turning more and more toward the Western
countries to insure a cooperation that is shown to be necessary in such diverse
areas as agriculture, tourism or large projects, according to the leaders.

Sao Tome economic sources asserted: "From France, we expect the development of
economic relations, particularly as regards investment." The same sources
declared: "We already have agreements, specifically on agricultural matters,
which we want to develop."

In that regard, the experience of Equatorial Guinea, which has just entered the
"€ree zone" after having joined the Central African Customs and Economic Union
(UDEAC) is followed with interest in Sao Tome. "If that experience proves to
be beneficial for Malabo, it may possibly tempt Sao Tome, which is already a
member of the Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC) ," we were
told in official circles.

Thus, relations with the other Central African states are improving appreciably,

particularly with Gabon. That country, considered hostile for a long time due
to the fact that it offered a haven to the Sao Tome opposition, is now approached

37



JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

LOW WHITE BIRTH RATE EMPTIES CLASSROOMS

Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 24 Apr 85 p 2
[Article by Cherilyn Ireton]

[Text]
THE low birth-rate of white South Africans

during the late 1970s is now resulting in empty
classrooms at primary schools throughout the

ountry.

‘
~,Since 1980, the enrolment of white grade one and

two pupils has dropped by 13086 — tantamount to”

leaving 400 classrooms empty.

However, the situation
could be dramatically re-
versed in a few years’ time,
when the 81 119 whites born
during the 1983 baby boom
reach school-going age.

Arandom survey Joban:
nesburg schools showed that
those suffering the most were
in the older, more central
areas of the city.

Schools in the newer sub-
urbs, however, were increas-
ing their intakes.

‘royeville, Fairview and
Bertrams primary schools
now have below 100 pupils
each. The question whe er
they should kept pen was
raised this week by Mr Hu
Husted, chairman of the
hannesburg East School
Board.

“These schools are no long-
er financially viable but we
don't want to close them be-
cause they are serving a low-
income community,” he said.

Hardest
Afrikaans schools appear

cso: 3400/940

to be hardest hit. For the first
time many have had to cut
‘down on the number of grade
one classes, leaving class-
‘rooms standing empty. _
High schools are also bein
affected by lower enrol-
ments, though for different
reasons. Kensington’s Afri-
kaans high school has in the
st. accommodated more
an 800 RB ils but it now

struggles to keep its level at
400.
Also seriously affected are

Athlone’ Boys’ and Athlone
Girls’ high schools. “It's a
shame, because these are
‘fabulous old schools with
marvellous facilities,” said
Mr Husted.

“This area has no flatlands
and there is no housing devel-
opment, with the density of
people remaining static.”

Ir Douglas Gibson, MPC
for Bezuidenhout, said: “Just
like in central areas all over
the world, there is a pro-
nounced fall-off in the school-
going population.

78

“Cotipled with that, there is
tremendous growth in the pe-
ripheral areas. However, in

‘the past there has always
been an influx of young peo-
ple back to the older areas.

“High schools are now in
the unfortunate position
where they are having to look
out for new eppils who will
make use of the superb facili-
ties available to them.”

| Both Mr Husted and Mr
Gibson believed the Trans-
vaal Fducation Department
should bus pupils to available
facilities instead of building
jnew schools in developing

‘areas.
neat the TED stressed that
the drop in the school-goi
! population would not hamper
any new school development.
|Mr J D V Terreblanche, di-
rector of ine TED, said the
licy was “to plan and pro-
Vide ew schools in afeas
where the need exists”.
He said the drop was negli-
ible against the total num-
r of school-going pupils.


JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

MALL

FAMINE, RELIEF EFFORTS DESCRIBED BY FRENCH ORGANIZATION
Paris LE MONDE in French 10-11 Mar 85 p 7
{Article by Guy d'Arlhac, President, ORSEC-Sahal]

[Text] As the conference on aid to Africa convenes in
Geneva, descriptions of the ravages of the famine in
Ethiopia and Sudan are not lacking, but other affected
areas are at risk of being overshadowed. Such is the
case of Mali where Prince Philip of Edinburgh is
presently assessing its needs. Mr Guy d'Arlhac,
president of ORSEC-Sahel*, sent us this account.

Gao--The last outpost before the Sahara, the final stopping place established
on the banks of the Niger River in the 11th century, this former capital

of the Songhai Empire is no longer the haven of peace with a flourishing
market that it once was. From the airport road, one discovers the hundreds
of pitiful shelters for nomadic families, as far as the eye can see.

Disaster has made thousands of men and women in tatters gather here, sitting
on the cracked earth, surrounded by bony children. The scene is draped in

a heavy silence that is almost unbearable to anyone who knows the joyful

din characteristic of African gatherings.

"The Gao region has undergone a drought without precedent," it was explained
to us by Mr Ali Boubakar Koita, chief assistant to the governor. "The
nomads of the North hoped for some rain that did not come. They tried to
move back toward the river with their herds...too late; the wells were dry,
the pastures non-existent, the animals died along the way. About 90 percent
of the cattle perished."

Livestock raising is the fundamental, and often the only, resource of this
population: They live primarily on meat and milk from their herds; the
rest (grain, clothing and tools) is obtained by selling a few heads of
cattle.

* Donations may be addressed to ORSEC-Sahel, Sahel Relief Organization,
14 rue Lagille, 75018 Paris.

25



JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

SENEGAL

MAMADOU FALL ON DOCTRINES, OBJECTIVES CF UDS
Dakar WAL FADJRI in French 22 Feb-8 Mar 85 pp 16, 17

[Interview with Mamadou, leader of the Senegalese Democratic Un-
ion by Youssoupha Ndiaye and Idrissou S. Biodan; date and place
not specified]

[Text] At 15, one would have thought that the
era when political parties were created was
over. But that did not take into account the
"unionists" and so-called "Puritan" Mamadou
Fall. Not recognizing themselves in any of the
ideologies thus expressed, they want to raise
the number of political parties to 16 with the
creation of the Senegalese Democratic Union
(UDS)|, Its leader, Fall, explained to us its
doctrine and objectives.

[Question] Does the Senegalese Democratic Union (UDS)! have
legal existence? Do you have official recognition?

{Answer] No, not yet. Our file was only registered last 11
February. I am waiting for official recognition right now.

[Question] Why the UDS?

[Answer] The goal of the renewed UDS is to work together with
sincere patriots for a political States General. I believe that
with 15 political parties which are rigid in their respective
positions, we will end up with a bloody struggle. It is from
this carnage that my party must keep us through the reunifica-
tion of all political factions at a round table, with a minimum
program.

My activities since 1980 have brought me in contact with the
leaders of the different political parties, all the religious
leaders and other important people in the country. All gave me
their endorsement. That was when I went to the grass roots, to
the masses.

42


JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

MALAWI

BRIEFS

BANDA LEAVES FOR BRITAIN--His Excellency the Life President Ngwazi Dr
Kamuzu Banda left the country on Saturday, 6 April, for a state wisit to
the United Kingdom. Announcing this today in Lilongwe, a spokesman of
the national headquarters of the Malawi Congress Party said the life
president's state visit to the United Kingdom is at the invitation of Her
Majesty Queen Elizabeth II of Britain. The spokesman added that full
details of the life president's departure will be announced later.

[Text] [Blantyre Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 10 Apr 85]

CsO: 3400/986

24


JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

DIFFICULTIES IN SQUATTER'S VILLAGE 'CROSSROADS' DISCUSSED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 23 Feb 85 p 8
[Editorial by political columnist "Dawie": "Crossroads Offers a Chance"]

[Text] Two of the biggest problems with which the government has to deal these
days became evident in these week's disturbances at Crossroads and what followed
afterwards.

In the first place, there is the issue of black violence which is not just
superficial but threatens to become chronic in certain areas of the country.
Ending the unrest and its concomitant loss of life has become a high priority
with the rulers.

Overtaken

Second, there is the question of how they should govern under such circumstances,
so that each reform will not be seen as a concession to violent threats. It is
not good enough to know that you are in control; it also must be seen that you
maintain the initiative.

What happened this week shows the dilemma. The assurance is now given and it is
acknowledged by many sources that the government had been deeply involved in a
reform of certain aspects of its management of black urbanization in the West
Cape.

There had been a clear formulation of those new steps that are now known but
before they could be announced, they were overtaken by the eruption at
Crossroads.

Identification

The consequences: the rightists announce, pleased at. the misfortune of others,
that the government is retreating and the leftist radicals spread the dangerous
propaganda that violence and bloodletting bring results.

That all this is nonsense does not at all change the fact that these things are
said. It "seems" that it could be true, therefore many people believe it.

61



JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

INCREASED SPANISH COOPERATION WITH LUSOPHONE AFRICA
Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 2 Mar 85 p 1

[Text] An agreement with Cape Verde authorities to take members of the ETA
who were expelled from France under recent anti-terrorist measures taken by
the government in Paris presages a significant increase in Spanish coopera-
tion with Lusophone Africa.

ETA members Tomas Linaza and Enrique Istueta, formerly in the custody of the
French police, arrived at the Sal Island airport on the twenty-second. In
the next few weeks, six more expelled terrorists will be brought to Sao
Vicente for a total of eight which Cape Verde. authorities agreed to take.
The Basque extremists were given houses to live in. Their freedom of
movement had already been granted following talks held with Spanish
negotiators who made a special trip to Praia.

Exile of the first group of ETA militants coincided with the official

visit to Madrid of Pedro Pires, Cape Verde Prime Minister and PATICV
Assistant General Secretary, who was received with great respect not only

in gratitude for his fayorable attitude in the case of the Basque terrorists,
but also because the government of Felipe Gonzalez has specific proposals

in mind for cooperation with Cape Verde and other Lusophone African
countries.

This cooperation, which, in the words of Pedro Pires himself while in the
Spanish capital, has inspired "great envy" in Lisbon, originated with the
visit to Madrid made by President Jose Eduardo dos Santos last September.

In the political circles of our neighboring country, the possibility is not
being discounted that the People's Republic of Angola might also take ETA
members expelled from France at some future date. It should not be forgotten
that the People's Republic of Angola recently signed important fishing
agreements with Spain. Some. boats ordered from Madrid by the Angolan
Government have already arrived in Luanda.

In the case of the Praia Government, there is a very specific interest in
promoting cooperation with Madrid through the Canary Islands, which is
Spanish territory not far away from Cape Verde. Praia authorities are
especially interested in water collecting systems developed in the Canary
Islands (as is well known, Cape Verde has been suffering an extreme drought



JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

BENIN

BRIEFS

BENIN, ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK--Arab-Beninese cooperation is being confirmed
by deeds. Dr Ali Ahmed Mohammed, the president of the Islamic Development Bank,
is in Cotonou since yesterday afternoon. He has held talks and signed some
deeds with the authorities of our country. This is therefore an important
visit falling within the framework of growing cooperation between our country
and the Islamic Development Bank.. A short while after the arrival of Dr Ali in
Cotonou, an important loan agreement was signed at the Ministry of Finance and
Economy between the Islamic Development Bank and our country, the People's
Republic of Benin, involving a total amount of 2.75 billion CFA francs. The
loan is interest free and payable over a period of 16 years with a 4-year

grace period. At this time when interest rates are mounting daily in the finan-
cial circles, it must be said that this agreement that has just been signed is
exemplary. This agreement is for the execution of three projects, the Oueme
integrated rural development project, asphalting of the Savalou-Djougou~-Porga
road and the development of the Niger River valley.

CSO: 3400/967

15



JPRS-SSA-85~037
2 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

YOUTH URGED TO UNITE-~-More than 1 000 people yesterday attended the Pretoria
International Year of the Youth rally in Atteridgeville. The ceremony took
place at the Mlambo Hall and was attended by members of local youth organ-
isations and those from Mamelodi, Mabopane, Ga-Rankuwa and other areas.
Speakers said youths were on a march and that it was only through unity they
could overcome oppression. Father Smangaliso Mkatshwa, secretary general of
the South African Catholic Bishops' Conference (SACBC), told the multiracial
audience that conflict between those who called themselves rulers and the
oppressed people started years ago when a black man was dispossessed of his
land. The land issue, he said, played a vital role in people's lives and once
taken away, those affected were bound to be powerless. He also explained that
after the land take-over, whites continued not to involve blacks in the decis-
ion making and that they were discriminated against because of the colour and
"smell" of their skin. "This goes to show why today there are homelands where
people are being restricted and deprived of their citizenship. But even in
olden days black people resisted against those who took away their wealth,"
Father Mkatshwa said. [Text] [By Alinah Dube] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in
English 1 Apr 85 p 5]

STRIKERS. GO BACK TO WORK~-Miners reported for work as usual at the Vaal Reefs
gold mine 200 km west of Johannesburg following a strike involving more than
40 000 workers yesterday. The mine management said an agreement had been
struck with the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) late last night. The main
conditions were that management expected the NUM to assist in bringing a return
to normality and that the "intimidation of workers is eradicated," Although
Management expected a return to normal only on Saturday a spokesman at the mine
said all shifts went ahead this morning. Intimidators would face "normal dis-
ciplinary procedure" and the NUM was expected "to assist management in bringing
this about", the statement said. "The agreement also includes an undertaking
by the NUM to end the boycott of liquor outlets, concession stores and inter-
ference in hostel matters," the statement said. Vaal Reefs' 42 000 workers
downed tools yesterday to press demands for wage increases. An Anglo American
spokesman said the industrial action at Vaal Reefs had begun on Tuesday. [Text]
{Johannesburg THE STAR in English 22 Mar 85 p 3]

79



In response to a direct question on the matter Stray assured his audience
that he was not disappointed in any way that the foreign ministers have
not yet been able to reach decisions on concrete new measures. There
also seemed to be agreement within the other delegations that there is at
present no possibility of making further progress. Thus it is impossible
to talk about a "failure." Instead it was deemed positive that there was
substantial agreement on the need to make measures more effective.

The intention is to try at a later date to win support for the toughened
Nordic measures in the international context.

The press conference after the meeting dealt mostly with the South Africa
sanctions. Foreign Minister Stray declared that Norway is in favor of
an international oil embargo against South Africa. Norway itself sells
no oil to South Africa and also supports a ban on the transport of oil

to the country where that could happen under an international agreement.

A question as to whether countries other than Sweden should not also pass
legislation banning investments in South Africa was answered with the
assertion that it was really only Swedish firms which have invested in
South Africa. The other Nordic countries have economic ties of a different
nature with South Africa. Minister Stray said that he thinks that a law
against investments could be needed in Norway. Paavo Vayrynen said that
the Finnish Government would be ready to pass such a law in Finland if

some planned Finnish investment project in South Africa were to surface.

The idea that the Nordic countries should break off trade with South
Africa entirely won no direct response from the ministers.

According to Minister Vayrynen such a move would come up against "very
tricky problems of principle."

Official statistics show that all the Nordic countries' trade with South
Africa increased in 1984.

At their spring meeting the foreign ministers also discussed the situation
in East-West relations, the upcoming 10th anniversary of the CSCE conference,
and the Nordic nuclear-free zone.

It was reported that there was a lengthy discussion on this latter topic
which did not, however, lead to anything substantially new, according to
the foreign ministers' unanimous assurances. The ministers noted among
other things the planned meeting of Nordic parliamentarians on the zone
issue, and here it was reported that Denmark has declared that the Danish
Government will take part in this meeting. Denmark was represented at
the foreign ministers’ meeting by Foreign Ministry departmental chief
Peter Dyvig. Foreign Minister Uffe Ellemann-Jensen was prevented from
taking part in the meeting because of the current Danish strike situation.

52


JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

AV MEETING SAYS AFRIKANERS FACING WORST CRISIS IN HISTORY

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 22 Mar 85 p 6

[Text]

The Afrikaner was facing his worst crisis __ first-year students that hé would not care if

today because for the first time in his his- his grandchildren were not completely

tory his fundamental unity was disintegrat- _ white,” he said.

ing, an Afrikaner Volkswag (AV) meeting in He said the AV rejected the extent to

Johannesburg was told last night. which scientists claimed black blood ran in
The Rev Mossie van den Berg told a the Afrikaner but said there had been some

crowd of about 100 people that there had “experimenting” by Cape settlers.

been divisions in Afrikaner history before “There was some experimenting by our

but none had threatened the ideal of the forefathers at the Cape but nothing to

survival of the white race in South Africa. match what is claimed today,” he said.
“Now, for the first time in our history, we The AV did not want survival if it meant

have a white university professor telling his the Afrikaner had to become a “cultural

streaker” between millions of others.

“We do not want to be mere numbers in a
mass of people without identity,” Mr van
den Berg said.

Culture was everything and the AV was
born because the Afrikaner had to maintain
his cultural identity.

“What is possible politically is decided
culturally,” he said.

AV leader Professor Carel Boshoff was to,
have spoken but had to attend a Voor-
trekker Movement meeting.

cso: 3400/940

76


JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

ZAIRE

GUANG-DONG GIFT TO EQUATEUR REGION
Kinshasa ELIMA in French 27 Feb 85 p 10

[Article by Odio-Ons'Osang: "Gift of 3.5 Tons of Goods From Chinese
Guang-Dong Province to Equateur Region"]

[Text] The official ceremony presenting gifts from the Chinese Guang-Dong
province to the people of the Equateur region was held at the residence
of the regional MPR president and governor of Equateur.

As the 1983 "sister-community" agreement between the province and region
neared its end, a large Chinese delegation from the Guang-Dong province,
led by its governor, toured three-quarters of Equateur.

To solidify bilateral ties with the region, the Guang-Dong province promptly
donated 3.5 tons of basic necessities, then invited the regional MPR
president and governor and several local administrators to visit the
Guang-Dong province in China. The date will be set through diplomatic
channels.

During the ceremony, the regional governor, citizen Mpambia Musanga Bekaja,
his vice-governor citizen Mokolo Matanda at his side, thanked the
inhabitants of the sister-province Guang-Dong on behalf of his electorate
for the gifts offered to the people of Equateur. Governor Mpambia added
that the ceremony was significant as a symbol of the union between two
peoples who, although separated by thousands of kilometers, held in other.
in mutual esteem. The Chinese community on staff at the Mama Mobutu
Hospital of Mbandaka, local administrators and the commissioner-elect of
the city of Mbandaka, citizen Lombo Sese, also attended the ceremony. After ~
this speech, the state protocolist read the list of goods as recorded in
the minutes established by the outgoing governor. The donation consisted
mainly of office supplies and medical, educational and athletic equipment.
The regional executive chief then instructed the medical director of the
Mama Mobutu Hospital, citizen Lobo, to take charge of the medical portion
of the supplies and store it until it could be distributed at a later
date. The ceremony closed with cocktails.

9825
CSO: 3419/292

82


Unfortunately, there was again a delay in talks on the future of Crossroads,
which gave rise to serious disorders. When this was crowned with charges of
treason against important leaders within the UDF [United Democratic Front],
the American government clearly threw up its hands in dispair.

Urgent

Minister Pik Botha's explanation that this decision was not made by the govern-
ment, but rather by the police and the attorney-general, is unfortunately not
good enough. South Africa's cases of treason are viewed with great contro-
versy because most countries in the world do not agree with our definition

of treason.

Therefore, this.is a matter that in South Africa's interest merits urgent
scrutiny.

The Reagan administration has recently sent in some big guns in order to
help quench the fires of disinvestment and punitive economic measures against
South Africa. It. will be good if we in South Africa can act in such a way so
as to not further fuel these flames.

12271
CSO: .3401/108

59



“With regard to me, the executions by firing squad were only simulations, as

part of a psychological torture design, but there were others who did not have
the same fate. A short distance outside the Machava facilities, there is the

"pavilion." The worst kind of tortures as well as some executions occur there.
Some of my companions were taken there for interrogation and we never heard of
them again. Later, some of the more humane guards related what the papers were
saying: those individuals had been executed on the pretext that they had tried
to escape. The truth, we learned, was that they killed them in the "pavilion"
or transported them to the jungles near Namaacha and forced them to run; they

were then shot in the back. Without any doubt, the Mozambican prisoners under-

went much worse treatment than mine.

"Individuals who came from the party structure and who were "not in tune" with
the party line were the ones who were tortured the most. They had wounds all
over their bodies. Some appeared with their elbows stripped of skin and flesh
and their arms burned from being tied to the hot exhaust pipes of automobiles.
Others had their fingers completely skinned. Wooden devices were placed between
the fingers and rotated after being well tightened. Many of the small bones
were thus ground up. Lashing with leather whips [chambocos], Russian roulette,
beatings, barbs in the fingernails, thumbscrews and submersion were very fre-
quent, as was having the limbs tied tightly with ropes soaked in water and

salt so as to cut into the flesh. Cases of gangrene were usual. I saw
prisoners with the flesh of their thighs scourged, torn to the bone, such was
the intensity of the whippings. There were individuals who already had release
orders for 4 or 5 days and were still kept prisoners and tortured. Some of
them actually ended up dying manacled in the cells."

That is the testimony of Delfim Leitao. Since this president of ours is much
given to meditation, perhaps it will not hurt him to reflect on this dramatic
and recent story as spiritual preparation for his coming visit to the People's
Republic of Mozambique and a hangman named Samora Moises Machel.

8711
CSO: 3442/204

32


JPRS-SSA-85~-037
2 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PAPER DISCUSSES BLACK SUPPORT FOR NP
MB100930 Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 10 Apr 85 p 6

[Article by Political Editor Patrick Laurence: "PW's Bid to Widen His Black
Support"]

[Text] The presence of President P.W. Botha at the Easter weekend 75th
anniversary celebrations of the black separatist Zionist Christian Church
(ZCC) underlined a reality which critics of apartheid often ignore: the
ruling National Party [NP], and even its ideology of separate development, has
not been unsuccessful in winning black support.

The difficulty, however, lies not so much in recognising that Mr Botha has
won the backing, or at the very least the political neutrality, of sections of
the black community.

The real problem is to assess the depth and significance of their support,
irrespective of whether it is of an active or passive nature.

The first point to make is that the sympathetic alignment of the NP and the
ZCC is not new.

Dr Piet Koornhof, immediate past minister of cooperation and development, was
a visitor to the ZCC headquarters at Zion City before Mr Botha.

Judging by reports, he, too, was enthusiatically received by a huge crowd when
the ZCC commemorated its 70th anniversary.

The ZCC is unquestionably a politically conservative force. It reaches
obedience to constituted authority, including that of tribal leaders and the
controversial "Homeland" governments established under Pretoria's separate
development policy.

The official programme at the ZCC 79th anniversary gathering carried a politi-
cally relevant injunction from Barnabas Lekganyane, the young leader of the
zcCc.

It read: "Love and Peace. The key to them is obedience to the laws of the

headmen, the Homeland governments and the Government of the Republic of South
Africa."

72


DETAILS OF SWA DETENTIONS

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 14 Mar 85 p 4

[Text] HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY. conducted in preparation
— There were 63 people for the inquest.
in detention in SWA/Na-* * President Botha said
mibia last month, and 55 no-one had been arrested
had been held for more .,or charged as a result of
than 30 days, President P ! Mr Nikanor’s death.
W Botha said yesterday. » The Minister of Law
He also said a detainee and Order, Mr Louis le
in SWA/Namibia, Mr Grange, told Mrs Suzman
Thomas Nikanor, had in reply to another ques-
hanged himself with his tion that a possible crimi-
stockings in January this nal prosecution was be-
7 be eer Teel t?
“ ectives in § ja-
scypientBotitin is es hedaho
Mrs Helen Suzman (PFP Aas he wan, detained aa
Hough) thane people "November 182 Dy Roe:
voet.
tae nermagtem et in Mr Ve Grange sid that
were being held in terms at the inquest be the de.
of Proclamation AG 26 tines Ht per Ss ave 4
and 54 in terms of Procla- sult of his handling by
mation AGS on February members of Koevoet who
He sald 55 people being could not be identified.
held under Proclamation hi The i inquest find ng
AG 9 had been in deten- aoreey- General
, Attorney-General and his

tion for more than 30

days. decision was being await-
He‘ told’ Mrs Suzman Mr Le Grange said one
that Mr Nikanor died on other person, Mr Kaduma
January 26/27, four days Katanga, had died in de-
after he had been de- tention while in the cus-
tained. tody of Koevoet. The
President Botha said post-mortem finding was
“he hanged himself with that he had died as a re-
his stockings” and “no | sult of a blow.
foul play was suspected”. A special sergeant and

‘An inquest would be: a special constable were
ji found guilty of common
held and an investigation assault as a result and had

under Chief Inspector R been fined R30 (or 10

H J Harmse, the district ;
t * ork ' days) and R60 (or 20 days),
detective officer in Mr Le Grange said. *

Otjiwarongo, was being

cso: 3400/952

33

JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

NAMIBIA



JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

SENEGAL

DIVISIONS WITHIN FEDERATION NOTED
Dakar WAL FADJRI in French 22 Feb-8 Mar 85 pp 11-12
{Article by M. F.: "No Longer Broadcasting on Same Wave Length" ]

[Text] The visit to Gambia by General Buhari, Nigeria's head of state, cer-
tainly falls within the framework of bilateral relations between the two
countries. Nevertheless, as a partner in the Senegambian confederation,
Senegal cannot remain insensitive to this visit when one knows the weight
Nigeria carries in inter-African relations, especially among the English-
speaking countries.

If Lagos is opposed to any idea of confederation and integration between Dakar
and Banjul, then nothing will be possible. After all, it was to the Nigerian
army that the Gambian government appealed when Senegal and Gambia had border
problems during the '70's. A priori, Nigeria could not be opposed to an
attempt to promote African unity. But, for your information, Gambia will
explain to its Commonwealth partner the disagreements which currently exist
between Dakar and Banjul. Now, with regard to grievances, Gambia has
accumulated some, especially concerning monetary integration. The Gambian
government, unlike that of Senegal, does not consider economic and monetary
integration to be priority goals, in spite of official rhetoric. This became
evident during the latest meeting of the confederation's assembly since Gambia
finds an obvious economic interest in the existence of two different customs
systems in the two confederated states. It is a secret to no one that smug-
gling between Senegal and Gambia is expanding even faster than before the

act of confederation.

As was recently recalled, a kilogram of peanuts costs 20 francs more in Gambia
than in Senegal. While the Senegalese buy their 100 kg sacks of rice for
16,000 F and a kilogram of sugar for 375 F, Gambians buy them respectively
for 12,500 F and 200 F. Consequently, marketing of peanuts is a recognized
failure in Senegal since the Senegalese farmer prefers to sell his peanuts at
85 F to private individuals who are going to sell them in Gambia, or rather
"in one of Senegal's neighboring countries," as Senegalese ministers say out
of a sense of propriety. At the same time, Gambia unloads its sugar in
Senegal while making substantial profits. If some highly visible Gambian
businessmen were at the center of this traffic would not be surprising.

48


JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

GUINEA BISSAU

BRIEFS

SOVIET AMBASSADOR VISITS INFORMATION--The Secretary of State for Information
was the object of a visit yesterday morning by the Soviet Union's
ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary in Bissau, Mr Lev Krylov.

Mr Krylov, who was met upon arrival by Comrade Agnelo Regalla, Information
Secretary, called on the offices of NO PINTCHA, the Guinea News Agency (ANG)
and the National Radio, where he learned something of their operations. in
spite of the difficulties. In his talk with Comrade Regalla, Mr Krylov
expressed his willingness to develop cooperative relations further between
the two countries in the area of public communications. [Text] [Bissau

NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 6 Mar 85 p 7] 8844

STUDENTS TO PORTUGAL--A group of 20 students from Guinea-Bissau who left
the country Tuesday for Portugal to study Primary Education, will begin
classes Friday in Porto. The new students will take the normal program at
the Teachers Training School. Only certain courses, particularly in
history, will be modified, according to Acacio Ferreira, director of the
school. He added that this decision was made because these students are
currently teaching in Guinea-Bissau in primary and secondary schools
offering nine and eleven years of education. Strengthening ‘the teaching of
Portuguese in Guinea-Bissau was one of the decisions made at the fifth
meeting of the joint Luso~Guinean Commission held last month in Lisbon.
[Text] [Bissau NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 2 Mar 85 p 6] 8844

BELGIUM TO ASSIST AVIATION--The Belgian airlines will assist Guinea-Bissau
airlines, LIA, in its technical restructuring effort, ANOP learned

yesterday in Bissau. Assistance possibilities were broached in a meeting
held last week in Brussels between the Guinean Minister of Planning and
International Cooperation, Bartolomeu Simoes Pereira, and the Belgian Foreign
Trade Minister, Leo Tindemans. Later this month, Belgium will send a
delegation to Bissau to arrange a technical meeting with personnel from the
Guinean airlines and the government. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese
22 Feb 85 p 5] 8844

CSO: 3442/229

21



JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SCANDINAVIANS PLAN NEW MEASURES AGAINST S. AFRICA
PM021533 Helsinki HUFVUDSTADSBLADET in Swedish 30 Mar 85 p 12

[Unattributed report: "More Pressure on South Africa: New Measures in
the Fal1"]

[Text] The Nordic countries are to make their sanctions against South
Africa more effective. At their spring meeting in Helsinki yesterday
the Nordic foreign ministers decided to give their working group on
South African questions the task of preparing proposals for concrete
new measures against the apartheid regime in South Africa.

This preparatory work will be ready by the ministers' fall meeting which
will be held in Oslo 17 and 18 October. Concrete decisions can be expected
then.

The spring meeting in Helsinki had been preceded by some pretty violent
reactions in several of the Nordic countries to the latest race riots in
South Africa. And there seemed as a result to be expectations that the
foreign ministers would reach immediate decisions on new sanctions.
However, the circumstances were not right for such rapid decisions.

The host for the foreign ministers' meeting, Finnish Foreign Minister
Paavo Vayrynen, said that new proposals to supplement the pan-Nordic
program of action against South Africa dating from 1978 had been put
forward chiefly by Norway and Sweden. However, according to Vayrynen
several of these proposals are such that they require "technical" prepara-
tion--such as checks on current international agreements--before decisions
can be reached.

Vayrynen was unwilling to go into details about the proposals that have
been put forward. He merely said that the working group will go systemati-
cally through them and possible future finalized proposals. Finland will
also investigate how it could help to supplement the program of action
against South Africa.

Norwegian Foreign Minister Svenn Stray said that his proposals were identical

with those presented to the Norwegian Storting Wednesday [27 March] in
a report by Trade Minister Asbjorn Haugstvedt.

51



JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

APPROVAL OF LONG-TERM LEASES FOR BLACKS IN CAPE TOWN
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 22 Feb 85 p 18

[Text] The approval of the 99-year leases in the Cape Town communities of
Langa, Nyanga and Guguletu and related decisions in yesterday's government
announcement regarding West Cape blacks amount to meaningful new thinking on
government's part concerning blacks in that area.

As the minister of cooperation and development already held out as a prospect,
this can contribute to a sense of permanence and security on the part of the
inhabitants of these neighborhoods which can imply lasting good consequences.

The basis for the announcement lies in the decisions of the congress of the
Cape Land National Party last September, whereby employment preference for
Coloreds in the West Cape was abolished and rent-leases of 99 years were
accepted in Khayelitsha and other "identified" black communities in the area.

Since then the position of Langa, Nyanga and Guguletu has become insecure
because it was thought in the past that inhabitants of those areas would
eventually move to Khayelitsha. At one stage development in those three
neighborhoods had even been frozen.

Yesterday's announcement should remove the doubt of inhabitants of those three
neighborhoods. Together with the development of Khayelitsha, which is in an
advanced stage, as well as repeated reassurances from the government about forced
relocation, there ought to be real advancement through the strategy of orderly
urbanization of blacks in the West Cape.

The necessary cooperation will be needed for this; thus an equally heavy
responsibility rests with the black community to stop violent behavior and
cooperate peacefully. Let's hope that the government's. appeal to the

private sector, employers and financial institutions to lend a hand by providing

housing will find a fertile reception.

As a whole these developments can lead to the stabilizing of the position of blacks
in the West Cape which can be an asset for the entire area. Part of this could
also be a greater freedom of movement and employment, regarding which President

B. W. Botha himself remarked in the September announcement about Khayelitsha that
regulations by which we bleed ourselves to death have to be decreased.

Success is indeed of importance for all of South Africa, because if urbanization
of blacks--a minority in Cape Town--does not proceed successfully here, it could
hamper handling the situation elsewhere in the country.

12855
cso: 3401/126

60


CAMEROON

Briefs
Saudi Bank Loan

CHAD

Briefs
Special Court

GHANA

FRG Economic Mission Discusses Aid With Obeng
(Accra Domestic Service, 10 Apr 85) ....e.

GUINEA BISSAU

Portugal To Set Up Agriculture Training Center in Bafata
(A TARDE, 21 Feb 85) ..eceeeee

Briefs
Soviet Ambassador Visits Information
Students to Portugal
Belgium To Assist Aviation
LESOTHO
Briefs
New Swedish Presidential Advisor
MADAGASCAR
Briefs
French Aid
MALAWI
Briefs
Banda Leaves for Britain
MALI
Famine, Relief Efforts Described by French Organization:
(Guy d'Arlhac; LE MONDE, 10-11 Mar 85) ...ccesseeceeceveeee
MOZAMBIQUE

Foreign Minister Accused of Lying to Press
(O DIABO, 26 Feb 85) sscecceveveceveercecrcseceeerceveseees

Portuguese Describes Conditions, Tortures in Prison
(O DIABO, 26 Feb 85) cesccscececsccccccccceecsseceseevesees

-b-

7

18

19

20

21

21

22

23

24

25

27

29


JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

PORTUGUESE FIRMS CONSIDER EXPLOITING OLD CACAO PLANTATIONS
Lisbon DIARIO DE NOTICIAS in Portuguese 16 Feb 85 p 4

[Text] This interest of private firms and institutions such as the World Bank
and the African Bank for Development coincides with the country's change in
economic policy, namely, with the publication of a new Foreign Investment Code,

Diplomatic sources contacted by ANOP /Portuguese Nes Agency/ said that President
Pinto da Costa has guaranteed the forthcoming publication of a new code defining
the rules of the Sao Tome economic operation and assured foreign investors
freedom to operate their firms and send home part of the profits acquired from
business in Sao Tome territory.

The French Caisse Central Bank has already signed a protocol with the Sao Tome
authorities for the exploitation of the Santa Margarida State agricultural firm.
Sao Tome and Principe also hopes that the French exploit the Ponto Real planta-
tions in Principe but those interviewed have shown little interest, because

"it would involve a very large investment."

The World Bank will continue the exploitation of two old plantations which,
after the country's independence, were nationalized or confiscated, and at
present are being exploited by state firms.

Among the Portuguese firms which have studied the possibility of taking on the
exploitation of plantations is the RAR--Porto Sugar Refinaries United--which
has already moved to Sao Tome to study the matter.

The RAR has suggested to Sao Tome the exploitation of one of three state firms;
the fourth, which it considers insufficient, having been given to a Portuguese
firm.

Another Portuguese firm, which has presented itself as an applicant for the
exploitation of a plantation, was Ramalho Rosa, now located in Sao Tome after
having completed the airport expansion project.

The realization of these foreign investment projects in the country depends on
the publication of the code which was announced by Sao Tome authorities who,

so far, have not assumed a very clear position relevant to some questions asked
either by the firms or by international financial institutions.

40



"as a sure friend." "Our relations with Gabon are excellent," it was asserted
even in the Foreign Ministry. "The misunderstandings have been dispelled."

On the other hand, in Sao Tome, relations with Portugal, the former colonial
power, are described as "normal." "It is difficult to have good relations with
a state that provides a haven to all those who oppose the Portuguese-speaking
states in Africa," declared a high-level Foreign ministry official. "We want
Lisbon to change its policy in that regard because that is the only problem
existing between us." continued the same official.

This foreign policy evolution is "inevitable," according to a Western diplomat,
who considers President Pinto da Costa to be "a realist and a pragmatist" for
whom the country's development "requires an opening toward the Western countries
and a greater integration in the region surrounding his country."

8711
cso: 3442/204

38


JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

TAMBO NOTES ANC TO CONTINUE 'ARMED STRUGGLE’
MBO10623 Lusaka Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 1 Apr 85

[Text] ANC President Oliver Tambo has said black South Africans will
ndt give up their struggle for independence until apartheid is destroyed.
Mr' Tambo said that the ANC would not abandon its armed struggle while the
racist regime's violence was mounting, and for as well as there existed
no sign that the regime was prepared to abolish its apartheid system.

{as heard]

The ANC president was speaking on a television Sunday interview program
last night. He pointed out that apartheid was a condition barring black
South Africans from having equal rights and getting involved in South
African matters which were for all South Africans. Mr Tambo hoped that
the white minority rule would soon see sense and realize that apartheid
was a complete failure in human, political, and financial relations.

He stressed that black South Africans would not abandon the armed struggle
while the apartheid system continued being strengthened by token reforms
and by hoodwinking international community. Mr Tambo said the racist
regime has set conditions binding black South Africans into abandoning
the armed struggle before prisoners like Nelson Mandela could be released.
Though, he said, it is the ANC's wish to have Nelson Mandela and other
prisoners released from Robben Island [as heard], the ANC could not

accept this condition because it would still take a long time to destroy
apartheid and end all suffering.

CSO: 3400/931

63



To provide support to the producers (the peasants), the FDA's have been defined
as local service enterprises which will function according to a cost-effective
regime, aimed essentially at supporting production cooperatives and peasant
associations, considered useful stages in the process of the collectivization
of production.

Other activities to be developed by the /DA's include the increased use of animal
traction, the organization of production units by peasant association (farm
block) and the establishment of demonstration fields.

The first Provincial Methodological Conference on the establishment of KDA's
in Huila Province was held during the first 2 weeks of March in lLubango, to
introduce the general principles for state support to the peasant sector and
its organization and to define the methodological principles for the activities
of these agrarian stations among the peasants, to encourage the associative
movement.

The conference was led by Carlos Pinto, national director of DNACA [National
Directorate of Agricultural Cooperativization], and was attended by Augusto
Sapalo, provincial director of DNACA in Huila Province, directors and sector
chiefs assigned to head the EDA's in the province, and other party and union
officials in this branch of activity.

Notable among the findings approved at the end of the meeting was the imperative
need for broader and more effective support to the peasant sector, of vital
importance to increased food production and to the iinprovement of the people's
living standard in the country's current phase of development.

Other recommendations approved in the seminar included the need for every
appointed official to assume responsibility for the duties assigned to him,
so that the undertaking can achieve the desired economic and social goals, as
well as the need for the efficient organization, discipline and control of the
manpower and material resources available to each station.

6362
CSO: 3442/243


JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

SENEGAL

BRIEFS

AGREEMENT WITH SAUDI FUND--A grant-in-aid agreement involving the sum of
241.4 million CFA francs to be used in financing rural extension centers
was signed late this morning by the minister of finance and economy,
Mamadou Toure, and (Saleh al-Oumaydal), deputy director general of the
Saudi Development Fund. The ceremony took place at the office of the
finance minister. [Excerpt] [Dakar Domestic Service in French 1300 GMT
29 Mar 85]

cso: 3400/927

50


COUNCIL REVEALS PLANS TO CHANGE LOCAL GOVERNMENT

CSO:

‘Pext]

CAPE TOWN — Far-reaching
plans to tailor the existing local
government system to the new
tricameral Parliament, includ-

ing upgrading local affairs and‘

management committees to mu- ‘

nicipal status, tightening up vot- ‘

ing rights and financing, were
revealed in Cape Town this
week,

These plans were contained in
the first report of the Council
for the Co-ordination of Local
Government Affairs —_ the
multi-racial body, headed by
Minister of Constitutional De-
velopment Mr Chris Heunis,
which is negot:uting and making
proposals on the new system of
local government.

The proposals have to be con-
firmed by the Government he-
fore they can be implemented.

Part of the proposals — the
establishment of regional ser-
vices councils — are already in-
cluded in legislation which is be-
fore a select committee of Par-
liament.

The report includes the rec-
ommendations that:

@ Multiple voting rights at
local-government level be re-
moved, so that people with more
than one property are limited to
a single vote in the country.

@ Legal bodies, such as com-
mercial firms, lose their vote.

@ Votes be granted to registered
Parliamentary voters only.
@Tougher qualifications _ for.

3400/940

annesburg THE STAR in English 23 Mar 85 p 6

councillors be introduced: even
those with a spouse working for
a legal firm involved in an ac-
tion against a local authority
should be disqualified.

@ No person who works for, or
has a spouse working for, any
local: authority or development
board, can stand for election.

@ The Government, through the
Department of Finance, will
control finances of local govern-
ment.

The report, however, does not
deal in detail with the problem
of municipal representation for
small pockets of people of one
race group who cannot be ac-
commodated in a autonomous
local authority.

It is clear that the racially
based local authorities will con-
trol little. Most power, including
taxation rights, will lie with re-
gional services councils.

In cases where it is deter-
mined that a local authority
would be viable, the following
recommendations were made:

@ Where there are fewer than

56

JPRS-SSA-85-037 _
2 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

2.500 voters, the local authority
may not have more than five
councillors.

@iIn cases where there are
more than 2500 voters, there _
should be a minimum of 500
voters in a ward with a maxi-
mum of nine wards, and any fur-
ther wards should have 2400
voters. 5
@lIf more than 20 wards aré
needed, special _ permission
would be required.

Non-viable communities
would receive representation on
the larger racially exclusive
body of their area, under much
the same conditions as now. But
they would also have represen-
tation on the regional services
body, and the local council
would almost have to agree to
the views of the community
where only their interests were
affected. .

It is understood that the main
factor delaying legislation on
the new local government’ sys-
tem is the finalisation of financ-
ing. a


He added: "Thus we feel that we all gain by developing harmonious relations

among a11 citizens, atheistic or religious, based on adherence to the principles
of defense of our country, which is under attack, and the solution of the people's
problems through engagement in the tasks of national reconstruction."

On the other hand, the Angolan leader noted the need for repudiation, by atheists
and the faithful alike, of the apartheid regime which is not only illegally
occupying Namibia and oppressing South African blacks, but isalso threatening
and attacking the people of southern Africa, particularly Angola, and which
still occupies a part of Angolan territory.

In view of all this, Lucio Lara said: "If the UNITA traitors murder their Angolan
brothers in our villages and our towns, we cannot tolerate having a church in
Angola preach the need for understanding among Angolans without expressly and
clearly condemning the outlaw bands that are tools of the South African racist
regime, against which a heroic battle is heing waged by the Namibian people

and the South African blacks, by 1984 Nobel laureate Bishop Desmond Tutu and

by our young people in the FAPLA [Armed Forces for the Popular Liberation of
Angola]."

At another point, the member of the MPLA~Labor Party Political Bureau, speaking
for the party, voiced ‘sympathy for those religious societies which sincerely
seek understanding and comprehension and freely accept the reality of the Angolan
revolution and its path to socialism, seeking to reconsider and reconcile the
thought and action of the liberated church with the reality of the Angolan
revolution,”

In conclusion, Lucio Lara appealed to all Angolan believers, Christian or other~
wise, to contribute actively to the efforts of the party and government on behalf
of peace and the well-being of the heroic Angolan family.

It is noted that, as part of the celebration of this anniversary, which began
on 13 March and ended yesterday, the United Methodist Church of Angola conducted
a series of activities, including, among others, a campaign to clean up Angola's
streets.

6362
C803 3442/243

10


JPRS- SSA- 85-037

2 May 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

ANGOLA

Increased Spanish Cooperation With Lusophone Africa
(EXPRESSO, 2 Mar 85) cccscscceccececcecereesevessereceess

Angola's New Military Strategy, Weapons
y
(A TARDE, 28 Feb 85) ccsccveccccccccvcsereccceneeeteseess

Namibe Assembly Acts To Improve Living Standards
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 19 Mar 85) weccccscccveveeeees

Agrarian Development Stations Explained
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 19 Mar 85) .eeseeeseeeee

Lucio Lara Speaks at Methodist Church Anniversary
(Lucio Lara; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 19 Mar 85) ..

UNICEF Reports Increasing Food Shortages
(DIARIO DE NOTICIAS, 28 Feb 85) ..

Briefs
Spanish Aircraft, Vehicles Purchased
UNITA Claims Victories
Lobito Port Still Paralyzed
5,000 Cubans in FAPLA
BENIN
Briefs
Benin, Islamic Development Bank
BURKINA

France Hands Over Radio Facility in Bobo Dioulasso
(Ouagadougou Domestic Service, 24 Mar 85) ..

15

16


A Portuguese Company in the Service of SNASP

As we said, a native of Mozambique--in the seventies, he was a prominent member
of the Mozambican ice hockey team--Delfim Leitao remained in the former over-
seas province for 1 year after independence. Although the recording company

he had established with his brother had been nationalized by FRELIMO, he wanted
to return to his native land in 1981 in the hope that, as was being said, "things
were better." He believed the FRELIMO propaganda but it did not take long for
him to see that he had made a mistake, notwithstanding the fact that his enter-
prising capability was sufficient to open the way to success for him. But
FRELIMO does not like enterprising people... :

Always aloof from politics, without any connection to the rebel movement, as he
assured us, to what can his long captivity be attributed? According to him,
persecution began when, in his capacity as an employee of the Mozambique Import
and Export State Company (TRADIMEX), he found himself forced to interfere in
the connection established between Security and the staté companies, on the one
hand, and a Portuguese firm, on the other. He had, thus, discovered that
TRADIMEX was giving the exclusive concession for purchases made in Portugal to
the Mozambique Commercial and Industrial Corporation (SOCIMO), ‘a company founded
by Jacinto Veloso, a former Portuguese deserter and current minister of the
presidency for economic affairs, and at that time minister of security and
"boss" of SNASP: .

"The commissions received by SOCIMO," explained Leitao, "do not enter
Mozambique but are used abroad for the payment of information and other ser~
vice rendered by SNASP'S espionage agents."

Although the former TRADIMEX employee did not tell us the name of the
Portuguese firm to which he referred and which, according to him, "maintains
close ties with the left," other sources contacted by us were of the opinion
that it is the ETEI Company, with headquarters on Miguel Bombarda Avenue in
Lisbon. For Delfim Leitao, thére is no doubt that, at the business level,
SNASP simultaneously covers a spy network and a mother~lode of illegal profits.
For him, there is no question also that his arrest was due to the fact that he
began to deal with South Africa--before the signing of the Nkomati Agreement-~
as well as the circumstance that he had become "someone who knew too much."

Initially, the pretext of the arrest was to determine the nature of Delfim
Leitao's dealings and the legitimacy--incidentally confirmed--of his activity
as represenative of South African companies. Strangely enough, the political
police henchmen who interrogated him were completely familiar with the state-
ments of his bank accounts in Lisbon. How did they get them and with what
complicity in Lisbon? That is a question he asks and which we repeat, al-
though the connection between FRELIMO and the Communist Party operating in
Portugal, with long-established cells in the banking sector, is transparent.

As far as Déelfim Leitao is concerned, ‘however, all of this is merely details of
little interest to him now. What interests him is to call attention to the
unspeakable kind of criminal law that prevails in the People's Republic of
Mozambique and which he came to learn through sad, personal experience:

31



His message clearly commended the ZCC to Mr Botha, particularly as the spectre
of mass disobedience by youths in the black townships continued to haunt him.

A similar message was conveyed nearly two decades ago to one of Dr Koornhof's
predecessors. "In our church there is no place for people who undermine the
country's security," Bishop Barnabas Lekganyane's father, Bishop Edward
Lekganyane, told the then minister of Bantu Administration and Develompent,
Mr Daan de Wet Nel, in the mid-sixties.

"Besides the punishment imposed on them by the courts for breaking the laws,
our church also takes action against them in an appropriate manner," the
Bishop added.

The ZCC, then, has been receiving prominent NP leaders over two decades and
assuring them of its backing and its opposition to subversion.

But that did not prevent the emergence of real and sustained resistance to
official policies after the outlawing of the African National Congress (ANC)
and the Pan-Africanist Congress 25 years ago, in April 1960.

The significance of cheers by millions of disciplined ZCC followers for Mr
Botha at Zion City on Sunday should be seen in the context of these historical
realities. They are as unlikely to forestall the continued growth of black
opposition today as they were in 1980 or in the sixties.

But that is not to dismiss the cheers as irrelevant. The support of ZCC in
the present crisis is of obvious importance.

At the very least it guarantees the neutrality of the ZCC faithful in the
townships, where blacks, especially those that are young and/or unemployéd,
are increasingly defiant of the authority.

In some situations it may facilitate the emergence, with official connivance
and/or encouragement, of black vigilantes in favor of the upholding of "law
and order" against the threat of anarchy.

Moreover, the invitation to President Botha to address the ZCC on its 75th
anniversary was highly pertinent to Pretoria's fight to ward off the threat of
investment and to win allies and confuse opponents in the propaganda war over
South Africa in Western countries.

Invitations were extended to newspapers by the South African Defence Force to
avail themselves of free seats in military aircraft to attend Zion City and
report on Mr Botha's presence there as keynote speaker and honored guest of
Bishop Lekganyane.

Mr Botha's attendance at Zion City should be viewed in the same context as his
recent discussions with Chief Gatsha Buthelezi, Chief Minister of Kwazulu and
leader of the powerful Inkatha movement.

73



JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

GHANA

FRG ECONOMIC MISSION DISCUSSES AID WITH OBENG
AB100800 Accra Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 10 Apr 85

[Text] The seven-member Economic Commission from the West German state of
Baden-Wurtenberg, now on a visit to Ghana, yesterday held talks with the PNDC
[Provisional National Defense Council] coordinating secretary, Mr P.V. Obeng,
at the Castle, Osu. The mission was led by the deputy prime minister and
minister of food, agriculture and environment, Mr Gerhardt Weise.

He told Mr Obeng that West Germany intends to open another mechanization
training center in the country after the success store of the Ejura Center
in Ashanti. Mr Weiser said the center, when opened, will not only take care
of repairs of agricultural machines but will also offer training opportuni-
ties for agricultural personnel. He said experts will soon arrive in the
country for this purpose. Mr Weiser announced that further areas for further
cooperation are being considered in the medical field since most Ghanaian
doctors are trained in West German institutions. He said the secretaries for
health and agriculture will be invited to visit West Germany in the near
future.

Mr Obeng briefed the delegation on the government's efforts to make agricul-
ture the backbone of the economy. He expressed the government's gratitude
for the numerous assistance from the West German Government. The coordinating
secretary hinted that about 2.5 million pounds' credit facilities have been
acquired from Britain to install 44 units of silos for the storage of grains
in the country. He mentioned another $6 million credit facilities from Saudi
Arabia for the cultivation of maize and rice.

Chana's ambassador to West Germany, Mr K.S. Adusei-Poli, suggested the adoption
of a region in Ghana to site all German projects for the people to see the full
impact of West Germany's assistance. He mentioned in particular the Eastern
Region, where adequate facilities exist for such projects.

Present at the meeting was the West German ambassador to Ghana, Mr Vogel.

cso: 3400/965

19



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other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text ]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
jast line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques~-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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[Question] Are you not being too ambitious?

[Answer] No, But take the example of the administration of
education. Who would have thought a few days ago that men of
differing tendencies, political adversaries and trade unionists
could agree on a single program? Nobody. And yet the decisions
of that administration are there to confirm it. This being the
case, why should such a political round table fail?

[Question] What attracts one's attention in your line of rea-
soning and in your program too is that they take us back to your
old love, the PDS, Can it be said that you are imitating this
party?

[Answer] Let it be known that I had this idea before the PDS
defended it. Moreover, I can show you proof on this point (edi-
tor's note: he showed us a letter signed by Abdoulaye Wade, se-
cretary general of the PDS giving his party's endorsement of a
round table initiated by Fall)!.

[Question] Let us come back to the UDS's goal. Is it not being
utopian in the current situation for a party that has not yet

been born to gather round a table the different political fac-
tions which have been tearing one another apart for nearly 20

years?

[Answer] Utopian! That is a big word. History has always shown
that what was considered utopian became a reality. I continue to
believe that one can still do something. I may seem naive per-
haps. But I am seeing to it that Senegalese can settle their
problems without tearing one another apart.

[Question] All the same, what is the UDS? To this point, you
are still speaking in the first person singular. Does that mean
that you are the party and that the party is you?

[Answer] I am the founder of the UDS. Furthermore, if I use the
first person singular, it is because without official recogni-
tion or congress, I am not in a position to be the spokesman for
my comrades, Besides, first of all I am someone looking for
activists for the national cause.

[Question] What are your personal ambitions in all this as the
founder of a party? Power?

[Answer] Personally, I am not interested in power. At my age
(65), that is not the main thing. However, we Senegalese who are
reconciled want power.

[Question] But instead of creating a party, why not answer Pre-

sident Abdou Diouf's call for a consensus, especially since,
like him, you are holding out your hand to everyone?

43



JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

FOREIGN MINISTER ACCUSED OF LYING TO PRESS
Lisbon 0 DIABO in Portuguese 26 Feb 85 p 14

[Text] Enroute from Bucharest to Maputo, FRELIMO Foreign Minister Joaquim
Chissano spent a few hours in Lisbon, where he met with his counterpart, Jaime
Gama, and Prime Minister Mario Soares. He pretended to believe what both told
him regarding measures to be taken by the government against the Mozambique
National Resistance (RENAMO), as if the activity of RENAMO in Portugal, :
limited as it is to distributing occasional communiques, was susceptible of
any repression in a state that calls itself a state of law. The partners in
dialog also pretended to believe that the leaders of the Mozambican rebels
have their headquarters in the Portuguese capital.

In the meantime, questioned by reporters about what is really going on in
Mozambique, Chissano replied with utter brazenness that "the situation is
improving." Apparently Chissano forgot what was observed by the DER SPIEGEL
special correspondent in Maputo, according to whom "the fear of RENAMO para~
lyzes the entire country." The German journalist witnessed the recent parade
of the armed forces in the Mozambican capital, with abundant but antiquated
Soviet military equipment, and the impression he was left with was that “the
demonstration of military strength becomes a farce of desperation."

A farce of desperation is what we would also like to call the optimism
expressed in Lisbon by Joaquim Chissano a few weeks after someone described
the situation in Mozambique as being "a time of unbearable suffering." That
someone is none other than the archbishop of Nampula, Monsignor Manuel Vieira
Pinto. As everyone knows, he is a person who can least be suspected of
"nostalgic and colonialist" practices or ideas--the expressions FRELIMO
customarily uses to classify those who it does not like--inasmuch as, unfor-
tunately for him, for the church and for many thousands of victims of the
Marxist dictatorship, the activity carried out by Vieira Pinto until 1974 was
that of a zealous protector of terrorists, a veritable saboteur of Portuguese
sovereignty and of the flourishing of Catholicism in East Africa.

However, like so many others, the archbishop of Nampula, a fellow-traveler of
the Mozambican Marxists, reached the summit of disillusion and the threshold of
remorse. In the wake of the pastoral letter of the Mozambican Episcopate,
published in May of last year, Archbishop Vieira Pinto no longer spares indirect
censure of the detestable FRELIMO regime. Although his condemnation of violence
naturally falls on both sides, no one can have any doubt that his censure is

27



JPRS-SSA-85~-037
2 May 1985

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

REGIME LOOKING WESTWARD TO BREAK ISOLATION
Lisbon A TARDE in Portuguese 5 Mar 85 p 13
[Dispatch by AFP special correspondent Jean-Claude Chapon]

[Text] The small African state of Sao Tome and Principe, now considered close
to the socialist bloc, is currently engaged in a perceptible rapprochement
toward the Western countries and central Africa in order to break the isolation
in which it finds itself and to overcome its serious economic difficulties.

However the turnaround initiated has not been done without arousing serious
political tensions within the leadership team. Proof of that is the recent
cabinet reshuffle which last week enabled President Manuel Pinto da Costa to
remove from the government two ministers who were very reticent about the new
policy: Maria da Graca Amorim, the foreign minister, and especially, Agapito
Mendes Dias, the minister of the plan.

Since it became independent in 1975, the small archipelago in the Gulf of
Guinea, less than 1,000 square kilometers in area (it is the smallest African
state after the Seychelles) had depended for its development especially on the
socialist countries (the USSR, Cuba, the German Democratic Republic). With
reference to Africa, Sao Tome and Principe, which is very isolated from the
continent, actually had continual relations only with the former Portuguese
colonies, particularly Angola, a country with which it has the only regular

air connection.

"Sao Tome and Principe is a nonaligned country. We do not favor the socialist
countries, because we want to have relations with the states of the East as
well as the West," an adviser close to President Pinto da Costa assured AFP,

That situation stems from the economic factor, which a French specialist viewed
as follows: "They are hungry. That is why they need the West, which in recent
years has supplied ever greater food aid." In this connection, in Sao Tome,
they do not hide the fact that cooperation with the socialist countries has
not fulfilled all the hopes that had been set on it,

36



JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

ZIMBABWE

PARTY YOUTH OFFICIAL WARNS OF PSEUDO MEMBERS
MB131251 Harare Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 13 Apr 85

[Text] The ZANU-PF secretary for youth, Comrade Ernest Kadungure, has urged
the party's youth to flush out pseudo party members who have infiltrated the
ruling party to tarnish its image through acts of violence and discipline.

Speaking at the opening of a 2-day meeting of youth executives in Harare
today, Comrade Kadungure said recent events in Beit Bridge, where a party
member was killed by a youth who had jointed the party from ZAPU 3 weeks ago,
proves that an enemy within is more dangerous than an enemy without. He said
the youth must not coerce people to join ZANU-PF because such members are a
security risk. He said the youth wing (?should sponsor) a discipline code
which among other things demands that its members should be loyal to the
party, government, and its organs, and that they should respect labor and
increase political consciousness through study.

Appealing to the private sector to employ youth who have just graduated from
training centers, Comrade Kadungure also urged the youth to join cooperatives

in order to reduce unemployment. He said so far 13 cooperatives had been
established and will offer jobs to about 500 youth.

cso: 3400/997

86


JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

LESOTHO

BRIEFS

NEW SWEDISH PRESIDENTIAL ADVISOR~-Ann-Mari Bystedt, formerly Director-
General of the Swedish Broadcasting Corporation, will in a couple of weeks
leave for Lesotho in order to give a course in management for higher
government administrators. This task is part of a project for organizing
of administration in Lesotho, which SIDA [The Swedish International Develop-
ment Agency] and [the private] Swedish Management Group are conducting.
Erik Karlsson, previously of the Riksbanken [the Swedish Central Bank],

is expected this summer to take over the position now held by Rudolf
Jalakas as advisor to President Leabua Jonathan in Lesotho. He will be

the third Swedish advisor in succession. [Text] [Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER
in Swedish 2 Apr 85 p 10]

cso: 3400/926

22


JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

CHINESE DOCTORS ARRIVE--Iwo of the 10 Chinese doctors who are to work in the
new Chitungwiza General Hospital have already arrived in the country. A
spokesman for the Chinese Embassy said the two will be joined by others as
soon as the agreement signed between the two governments is finalized with the
Ministry of Health. Among the doctors still to come is an acupuncturist.
[Text] [Harare Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 8 Apr 85 MB]

csO: 3400/997 END

87



immediate campaign to educate the public to conserve water, which should be

used reasonably by the people, even though the supply of drinking water to the
city of Namibe was recently increased by about 170 cubic meters per hour. The
same commission should also monitor the implementation of measures to be taken
by the ENAS [National Water and Sanitation Company] and community and housing
services with regard to the repair of spigots and pipes, to avoid water waste.

The session also advised the Provincial Supply Commission to decentralize the
plans for distribution of goods by wunicipio, authorizing the municipal commis-
sions to exercise the respective control, The Provincial Commission was assigned
to gather the precise information from the Fishing Ministry on the implementation
of the decision to verticalize the companies in this sector.

In light of the imperative need to fill out the executive organ of government

in the province, the assembly approved the proposal to admit Hilario Jose Domingos
as a member of the Provincial Commission. Domingos was recently installed as
assistant provincial commissioner. On that occasion, the mandates of the
people's advisors were extended for another year.

At the session, which was led by Fernando Faustino Muteki, president of the
Provincial People's Assembly and of the Provincial Commission of Namibe, some
amendments to the acts of the 14th ordinary session were approved. Analyzing
the degree to which the decisions from that session had been implemented, the
participants found that the Provincial Housing Delegation had failed to conduct
a census of dwellings which are not connected to the public sewer systems

The attending deputies also approved the annual financial report of the Provin~
cial People’s Assembly to the People's Assembly [as published], as well as ‘the
program of activities for the first half of this year. -

At the end of the proceedings, the participants addressed a message to be con-
veyed by the Soviet ambassador in’ Angola to the Central Committee of the CPSU,
expressing condolences on the death, on 10 March, of Constantin Chernenko,
secretary general of the CPSU and chairman of the presidium of the Supreme Soviet.

6362
C80: 3442/243


Americanunderstanding, even if it is a critcial understanding, can buy the
goverrmment valuable time in order to complete its program of reform. An
American withdrawal, on the other hand, will cause South Africa's relations
with Europe as well to drop to below the freezing point.

The American government for its part has already made it clear that it does
not intend to abandon its.policy of constructive engagement. But whether the
Reagan adminstration can keep Congress from passing a number of anti-South
African bills remains to be seen. If they lose this battle, it will perhaps
mean the end of what the Reagan administration is trying to accomplish in

Southern Africa.

Similarly, South Africa is a highly emotional subject for America's black
voters. Their involvement goes back to the civil rights struggle in the 1960s.

Inspiration

From this were born the so-called "schools of African studies," which intended
to reevaluate the position of blacks in history. The struggle of American
blacks against South Africa is evidently viewed as part of the larger struggle
for self-respect within American society.

At the same time, a growing number of black South Africans draw their inspira-
tion from the struggle for civil rights in America. ‘The American Negro has

. become the example to be emulated. The Nobel Prize awarded to Bishop Desmond
Tutu was a triumph for both the blacks of South Africa and the American
Negroes.

It is already a striking phenomenon -in black politics in South Africa that
what is said and written in America is keenly watched by blacks. There has
long since ceased to be ignorance of what is happening in America.

Although in general. they are apparently not in favor of disinvestment, most
South African blacks prefer that the American government publicly step on the
toes of the South African government. This is something to which the American
goverment certainly will not close its eyes.

Encouraging

We ourselves are largely to blame for the worsening relations between the two

countries. Last year's use of the armed forces. in black residential areas and
the detention of 16 labor union leaders provoked a powerful emotional reaction
in America.

This year, things started to look encouraging again when the state president,
Mr P. W. Botha, announced important reforms, including a halt to forced relo-
cations of people to the homelands pending a thorough investigation of this
practice, and negotiations with community leaders of the Crossroads squatter
camp near Capetown on improvements in the environs.

58


Both represent bids by Mr Botha to widen his support base in the black
community.

Chief Buthelezi is in a different category to Bishop Lekganyane: he is a
tough-minded politician seeking to drive a hard bargain with President Botha
which will push him further away from apartheid and towards an interim modus
vivendi of shared power between white and black.

The Botha-Buthelezi meeting, held about two months ago, was the first face-to-
face dialogue between the two men in more than four years.

The previous man-to-man talks took place in January 1980, where President
Botha is said to have offended Chief Buthelezi by waving a finger in his face
and admonishing him for releasing a statement to the press on their meeting.

Since then Mr Botha and Chief Buthelezi, while continuing their political
quarrel, have faced a common and growing challenge from both the banned ANC
and the extra-parliamentary but legal United Democratic Front (UDF).

Mr Botha and Chief Buthelezi have both accused the UDF of being a front for
the ANC (Chief Buthelezi described it perjoratively as being the ANC's "slimy
stepping stone").

Apart from having earned the common enmity of the ANC and UDF, the two men
have another factor in common: they are the leaders of South Africa's two
largest ethnic groups, the Afrikaners and the Zulus.

In these circumstances it is hardly surprising that the two men put aside
their pride and met to discuss their differences and to explore the possi-
bility of partial agreement.

The talks led to speculation of the birth of an Afrikaner-Zulu alliance of
convenience as the dominant political force in the 1990's.

That may be premature. But, like the presence of Mr Botha at Zion City, the
Botha-Buthelezi rapprochement is a reminder that the struggle in South Africa
is largely one of the allegiance of the black community, and that the
Afrikaner-controlled state will not be without black support as long as it
has both power to wield and patronage to dispense.

CSO: 3400/997

74



[Answer] There is a big difference between what we are propos~
ing and what is called consensus or national recovery. Whereas

Abdou Diouf wants to go it alone, we on the other hand are call-
ing for the discussion of all ideas, of all political and econo-

mic programs.

[Question] Do you think you have the necessary charisma to ga--
thertogether all political parties?

[Answer] Let me make clear that it is as a party that we will
act. In all modesty, I think I have the charisma you refer to
even though I have opponents. But I will put myself above all
such considerations for the realization of our goal. I ama |
unionist by nature. :

[Question] “A 16th party on the political chessboard. Are you
not playing into the PS's [Socialist Party] hands with their

divide and conquer approach?

[Answer] I agree with you. But to put an end to this game which
is prejudicial to the interests of our country in every way, we
must unite.

[Question] What is the UDS's ideology?

[Answer] I dread stylizing it because I am not an intellectual.
What I am concerned with is the realization of my ideas. Our
ideology? I would say that we are progressive nationalists. We
are in favor of a form of socialism adapted to our realities, a
socialism capable of bringing us out of destitution, disunity,
violence and social inequality. 4 \

[Question] A scientific or African socialism?

[Answer] We hate initials or labels,

[Question] What form of government are you proposing?
[Answer] Republican, of course. And we believe in a nonre-
ligious state that would eliminate all discrimination on the

basis of race, skin color, and religion. Especially since we are
Africanists having as our ultimate goal the United States of

Africa.

[Question] What do you do with majority rule when we havea
population that is more than 90 percent Muslim?

[Answer] God hates injustice; that is why Islam favors coexis-
tence among men.

[Question] However, to the best of our knowledge, the Islamic
state too is basically in favor of this coexistence based on

44



JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

SENEGAL

NIGERIAN OPPOSITION TO SENEGAMBIA NOTED
Dakar LE POLITICIEN in French 1 Mar 85 p 12

[Article by Less Coura]

[Text] In an article entitled "Toward a Madia-Diouf Pact?" in a previous
issue, we mentioned that our president, in keeping with his new-found
continental role, was taking steps to resume relations with Buhari's
Nigeria. Recent events have shown, however, that even with Buhari at
the helm, Nigeria has no intention of forming an alliance with Senegal.
The belligerence with which the entire Nigerian press' criticized our
country following President Diouf's official visit was a clear signal of
hostility, the result of both a real inferiority complex and ridiculous

claims of superiority.

However, the Nigerian press' attacks on our country do not bother us; the
unfounded allegations, outright lies and hysterical ravings of a second-hand
imperialism seeking a zone of influence cannot tarnish the image of our
country and its elected head.

The real reason for this press campaign is that the Commonwealth has given
Nigeria the task of undermining the young confederation patiently being
built up by Gambians and Senegalese. Previously acting behind the scenes,
the powerful Nigerian government is now openly showing its hand in its
attempts to destabilize Senegambia.

Abdu Diouf was mistaken in believing even for a moment that a closer
relationship with Algiers could help cool Nigeria's zeal. Fortunately, his
illusions were short-lived.

The affair of the Senegalese ship that was boarded and searched recently in
Gambian territorial waters finally tipped off President Diouf to Lagos' true
intentions. What really happened?

Toward the end of last year, a fishing boat flying the Senegalese flag,
boarded and searched in Gambian territorial waters, managed to weigh anchor
and return to the port of Dakar, carrying on board 2 Gambian policemen

who had fallen asleep after helping themselves to the ship's liquor supplies.

46


JPRS-SSA-85-037
2 May 1985

ANGOLA

ZUCTO LARA SPEAKS AT METHODIST CHURCH ANNIVERSARY
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 19 Mar 85 p 3

[Report on address by lucio Lara, member of the MPLA-Labor Party Political
Bureau, on the 100th anniversary of the United Methodist Church in Angola, in
Luanda on 17 March 1985]

[text] A party and government delegation led by Iucio Lara,
member of the MPLA-Labor Party Political Bureau and Central
Conmittee secretary for organization, attended the feature
celebration commemorating the 100th anniversary of the United
Methodist Church in Angola, held last Sunday at the Cidadela
Sports arena.

Speaking on that occasion, the Angolan leader praised the Methodists’ “patriotism
of unequalled historical value," which he said “the fierce repression of the
Portuguese colonialists could not extinguish.”

On the contrary, he said: “The repression provoked an increasing national aware-
ness in their Chtistian family."

Recalling the patriots in the Methodist Church who, in one way or another, fell
during the war of Liberation or who endured imprisonment or exile, Lucio Lara
spoke for the party in offering "sincere tribute to all patriots, of whatever
religion, Catholic, Protestant or animist, enrolled in the MPLA or not, who
gave their lives to make Angola free.”

During his address, the Central Committee secretary also referred to the premises
on which relations between the party and religious institutions are based.

In this regard, Lucio Lara said: "The philosophical option of the party and
state permits us to reaffirm to this Angolan religious community that the
materialism which inspires the party program, the actions of the government
organs and the ideological struggle against idealism does not rule out our
relationship and cooperation with recognized religious institutions, within
the framework of respect for the laws and the sacred interests of our people.

"Today," he continued, “now that we are independent, it is obvious to everyone
that the churches are asserting their Angolan identity and that their leaders
are affirming their African personality.”