111074

JPRS-SSA-87-012

17 FEBRUARY 1987

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

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JPRS-SSA-87-012

17 FEBRUARY 1987

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS

GHANA

BBC Interview Cites Rawlings on Political Objectives

1

GUINEA

1987 Economic Recovery Plan Relaxed

2

IVORY COAST

Paper Supports Habre's 'War of Liberation'

(Editorial, Marcellin Abougnan; FRATERNITE MATIN,

3

LIBERIA

NDPL Youth Wing Officials Reportedly Arrested

5

Briefs

Moroccan Official Discusses Support 6

MOZAMBIQUE

New Heads of Information Organs Appointed

7

Chissano Receives Envoy From Libya's Al-Qadhdhafi

8

RSA TV Reports on MNR Activities in Zambezia

9

- a -
Briefs

Economic Measures Approved 11

NAMIBIA

Paper Views Savimbi Peace Offer

(Editorial; DIE REPUBLIKEIN, 24 Oct 86) 12

Work of New Agriculture Board in Namibia

(DIE REPUBLIKEIN, 24 Oct 86) 13

Sea Water Irrigation Scheme Described

(DIE* REPUBLIKEIN, 23 Oct 86) 15

NIGERIA

Foreign Minister Interviewed on Chad Conflict

(BBC World Service, 15 Jan 87) 17

Briefs

Cooperation Agreement With Liberia 19

Cape Verde Aid Package 19

Cultural Agreement With Japan 19

SIERRA LEONE

Anniversary of Relations With USSR Celebrated

(Freetown Domestic Service, 16 Jan 87) 20

AFP on Importance of Regional APC Conventions

(AFP, 18 Jan 87) 21

ZIMBABWE

House of Assembly Approves Agreement With Malawi

(Harare Domestic Service, 21 Jan 87) 23

Nkala Urges Extension of State of Emergency

(PANA, 20 Jan 87) 24

Libyan Envoy Arrives With Message

(Harare Domestic Service, 17 Jan 87) 25

Mugabe Speech at PRC Banquet Reported

(Harare Domestic Service, 20 Jan 87) 26

Mugabe Speaks on Arrival in DPRK

(Harare Domestic Service, 21 Jan 87) 27

Radio Truth Examines Plight of Ndebele People

(Radio Truth in English to Zimbabwe, 16 Jan 87) 28

- b -
Security Forces Kill Two 'Bandits'

(SAPA, 22 Jan 87) 30

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

CP Leader Calls for Closing U.S. Embassy

(SAPA, 20 Jan 87) 32

Right-wing Disunity, U.S. Sanctions, Taiwan Talks Discussed

(DIE BURGER, 14, 17 Nov 86) 33

Right-Wing Parties Still Divided 33

U.S. Sanctions Not Effective 34

Negotiation With Taiwan 35

Treurnicht Urges Unity 'Anticlamatic1Conference

(SAPA, 24 Jan 87) 37

Controversy Over Proposed Human Rights Charter

(DIE BURGER, 10 Dec 86) 39

Racial Relations in Black Neighborhood of Stellenbosc.h Discussed

(DIE BURGER, 9 Dec 86) 41

De Klerk Says NP Wants 'Serious Elections'

(SAPA, 17 Jan 87) 45

Heunis Calls for Improved Intergroup Relations

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 23 Jan 87) 46

Northern Command Chief Warns of ANC Tactics

(Johannesburg Television Service, 16 Jan 87) 47

Dutch Reformed Synod's Pro-Government Stance

(Gawie; DIE AFRIKANER, 29 Oc.t 86) 48

Dutch Reformed Synod's Controversial Statement on Islam

(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 4 Nov 86) 51

Conservatives' Struggle to Unite

(Editorial; DIE TRANSVALER, 29 Oct 86) 52

Disinvestment Considered Beneficial, Isolationism Seen as Good

(DIE AFRIKANER, 19 Nov 86) 53

Disinvestment Viewed As Beneficial 53

Isolation Seen As Good 54
Marais Tells Treurnicht To.Unite or Face . Fight

(Editorial; DIE AFRIKANER, 19 Nov 86) 56

Government Work Projects Ease Huge Unemployment Problem

(DIE BURGER, 22 Nov 86) 58

English-Speaking Universities Unable To Control Demonstrations

(Editorial; DIE VOLKSBLAD, 19 Nov 86) 61

Increase in Urbanization Calls for Huge Housing Program

(Andre Potgieter; DIE VADERLAND, 20 Nov 86) 63

Enlargement of Saldanha Academy Planned

(DIE BURGER, 10 Dec 86) 65

New Department of Economic Affairs and Technology Praised

(DIE BURGER, 10 Dec 86) 66

Briefs

DET To Reopen 24 Schools 67

P.W. Botha Receives Awards 67

BLACKS

Tutu Says Church Will Support 'Just War'

(SAPA, 16 Jan 87) 68

Tutu Urges PFP Withdrawal From Parliament

(SAPA, 16 Jan 87) 69

Inkatha Resolutions on Elections, Indaba, Buthelezi

(SAPA, 18 Jan 87) 71

Buthelezi Seeks Broad Support for Indaba

(SAPA, 20 Jan 87) 73

Study Shows Growing Black Interest in Socialism

(SAPA, 17 Jan 87) 75

KwaZulu Asks Teachers To Sign 'Loyalty Pledges'

(John Gültig; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 16-22 Jan 87) 76

Venda Denies Detained Clergyman on Hunger Strike

(SAPA, 16 Jan 87) 77

UDF, AZAPO Pardon 'Infor Song1 Singers

(SAPA, 23 Jan 87) 78

Ciskei Refuses To Guarantee Safety of Transkeians

(SAPA, 25 Jan 87) 79

- d -
COSATU Condemns Detention of Union Official

(SAPA, 20 Jan 87)

Briefs

Indaba as Election Issue

Ciskeians Urged To Leave Transkei

UWUSA Commends Decision in Favor of Mozambican Miners

(SAPA, 16 Jan 87)

PFP's Eglin Rejects Tutu Call for Withdrawal

(SAPA, 16 Jan 87)

80

81

81

BVC Sign Extradition Accord 81

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Commentary Notes Racial Problems Facing U.S.

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 28 Jan 87) 82

PFP Member Discusses Return to President's Council

(BBC World Service, 21 Jan 87) 84

86

Eglin Reshuffles PFP Shadow Cabinet

(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 20 Jan 87) 87

88

STAR To Identify Censored, Suppressed Reports

(THE STAR, 16 Jan 87) 89

Kwazulu-Natal Planning Council Makes Recommendations

(SAPA, 27 Jan 87) 90

NRP Leader Discusses Election Pact With PFP

(Bill Sutton Interview; Johannesburg Television Service,

27 Jan 87) 91

Commentary Examines Decline on African Socialism

(Johannesburg International Service, 26 Jan 87) 93

SASJ Urges Media Council To Resist Pressures

(SAPA, 23 Jan 87) 94

Catholic Church To Remain Involved in Politics

(SAPA, 28 Jan 87) 96

President of Catholic Bishops Comments on Detentions

(SAPA, 21 Jan 87) 98

Commission Reports on Cape Town Campus Disturbances

(SAPA, 21 Jan 87) 100

- e -
Commentary Explains Mugabe Hesitancy To Impose Sanctions

(Johannesburg International Service, 21 Jan 87) 102

Buthelezi Elaborates on Warning on Indaba Proposals

(SAPA, 23 Jan 87) 103

Apartheid Issues Arise in Theaters, Sports, Church

(SAPA, 28 Jan 87) 105

Briefs

National Indaba for Moderates 106

New Political Party Launched 106

Indaba Promises Public Referendum 106

New Indian Party 107

ECONOMIC

/7310

Executive Calls for More Black Managers in Business

(SAPA, 26 Jan 87) 108

Makro, Black and Decker To Continue Operations

(SAPA, 20 Jan 87) 110

Commentary Says Economy Shrugs Off Sanctions

(Johannesburg International Service, 17 Jan 87) Ill

Commentary Views Strategic Minerals Importance

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 21 Jan 87) 113

Mining Industry Reassesses Bullion Export

(SAPA, 16 Jan 87) 115

Briefs

Favorable 1986 Trade Balance 117

Firm Announces Withdrawal 117

- f -
GHANA

BBC INTERVIEW CITES RAWLINGS ON POLITICAL OBJECTIVES

AB212220 Accra Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 21 Jan 87

[Text] The chairman of the PNDC, Flight Lieutenant Rawlings, has said Ghana

is moving forward by carrying out her immediate objectives. Speaking in a

BBC interview broadcast this morning, he denied that there has been a U-turn

from what the interviewer called his left-wing revolutionary path of 1981

toward a more pragmatic approach. Chairman Rawlings described that kind of

left-right categorization as conflicting, adding: What may have changed

may be the methods by which we shall achieve these objectives. He said: I

don't think my political views have changed at all in terms of principles and

aims. It is more a question of learning to amass what can be attained at a

particular point of time in terms of the resources available, taking all the

internal as well as the external factors into consideration.

Chairman Rawlings said the country has had to grapple with tremendous

problems—human problems, problems of brush fires, and false returns.

On progress toward participatory democracy, the chairman said though this has

not been fully achieved, the past 5 years have seen the careful laying of the

groundwork to ensure its achievement. Through the CDR's [Committees for the

Defense of the Revolution] for example, people now have the grassroöt organs

of community development, the molding and implementation of local decisions,

and frequent interaction and consultation. This has given people confidence

in the work of their own opinions which have been suppressed during the years

of rule by governments far away, governments they could not see. In the past,

they could not make heads or tails of governments, he said, but with the PNDC

an opening has been created at each workplace to achieve participation through

the work of the CDR's, the bedrock of the revolution, the 31st December

Women's Movement, the 4 June Movement, town and village development committees,

and other organizations, through which the voices of our people are being

heard daily.

/8309

CSO: 3400/820
GUINEA

1987 ECONOMIC RECOVERY PLAN RELAXED

AB291120 Paris AFP in French 1953 GMT 27 Dec 86

[Text] Conakry, 27 Dec (AFP)—Several measures aimed at relaxing Guinea's

economic and financial recovery plan as of 1 January 1987 were officially

announced in Conakry on Friday evening. These measures, the same source

pointed out, concern particularly the opening of a foreign exchange auction

market, the importation of all categories of vehicles, and all essential

commodities except goods that are considered dangerous or risky for the

people. These measures also authorize residents to apply for travel

allowance of $500 per trip from any of the banks in Guinea. One is entitled

to a maximum of $2,000 a year. The allowance will be obtained through

presentation of a passport and travel ticket.

In addition, deposit accounts will attract a minimum interest of 15 percent

per annum on condition that the duration of the investment is equal to or

longer than 6 months as of 1 January 1987.

As for bank loans, they will attract maximum interest of 15 or 20 percent

depending on the nature of the operation.

It will be recalled that Guinean head of state Lansana Conte announced new

economic measures for a more liberal economy on 2 October 1986.

/8309

CSO: 3419/60
IVORY COAST

PAPER SUPPORTS HABRE'S 'WAR OF LIBERATION'

AB222205 Abidjan FRATERNITE MATIN in French 22 Jan 87 p 2

[Marcellin Abougnan editorial: "War of Liberation"]

[Text] There is a time for war and there is time for peace. If war broke

out because there were no means to stamp it out» the search for peace becomes

the major preoccupation for the community of nations. In fact, it is not in

anybody's interest to see sources of violence at his borders, since war brings

in its wake insecurity and annihilates all efforts of development. This

preamble is to say that those (Libyan leaders) who have an interest in seeing

Chadian brothers tearing apart each other so that their expansionist objectives

would be fulfilled, should at last be convinced of the need to leave them

in peace. They who are wallowing in the comfort of their air-conditioned

castles and propound war theories good for others.

I sometimes catch myself asking questions about the reasons for the obstinacy

of the Libyans. Wherever a gleam of hope had appeared on the horizon, the

Libyans had errupted to torpedo it, as if keeping Chad in a permanent state

of war suits them. And Goukouni Oueddei, the poor president of GUNT, excelled

so much in his puppet game in the pay of Tripoli that he lost all credibility.

Under house arrest, prisoner of the Libyans, he will undoubtedly spend the rest

of his life in Tripoli as a stateless person, because he will never leave that

country.

Today, he has no place in the African political scene, because he has been

dismissed and replaced by Acheikh Ibn Oumar, also not credible, as the new

president of GUNT, still in the pay of Tripoli.

"African solution" to the Chadian issue! This is the new song of Mr Al-Turayki,

Al-Qadhdhafi's special envoy to African capitals. Naturally, the desert

(absence of trees) gives a big echo to this new offensive to woo. But this

cannot fool anybody, and it is certainly not the predecessor of President

Sassou-Nguesso at the head of the OAU, Senegalese President Abdou Diouf, who

will allow his attention to be diverted and believe him.
In fact, on 28 March 1986, Goukouni Oueddei brought about the failure of the

meeting in Loubomo, Congo, aimed at settling the Chadian issue by failing

to turn up for the meeting whereas he had agreed to do so. And Mr Diouf had

this premonitory statement, which observers saw as a malediction, to make:

"It is clear now," he said, "that it is President Hissein Habre who wants

peace, cohesion, and unity in Chad and the territorial integrity of his

country," and that it is Goukouni Oueddei who "does not keep his word or

perhaps is being subjected to a will stronger than his own." It is a very

bitter observation which tells public opinion about the real responsibilities

of the antagonists.

This meeting therefore appeared as a lost opportunity after the failure of a

first attempt in Bamako in 1985. Evidently, Libya had no interest in making

such a peace initiative succeed.

We agree to an African solution. But does this not mean a further escalation

of the conflict to enable the "guide" of Tripoli to assess his military

arsenal which has been sufficiently "swallowed" by the conflict in order to

go on for the attack? If, for once, the "Epervier" military plan of action,

after "Operation Manta," enables Habre to legitimately recover his territory

by force, he should not be disturbed. Since he has already succeeded in his

national reconciliation exercise, his war, at present, is a real war of

national liberation.

/8309

CSO: 3400/820
LIBERIA

NDPL YOUTH WING OFFICIALS REPORTEDLY ARRESTED

AB162042 Paris AFP in English 1444 GMT 16 Jan 87

[Text] Abidjan, Jan 16 (AFP)—Police have detained several top officials

of the controversial youth wing of President Samuel Doe's ruling National

Democratic Party Liberia (NDPL), Radio ELWA said in a report monitored here.

The church-sponsored radio, based in Monrovia, named two of the officials

as Adolphus Sawyer, the youth wing's national chairman, and Wesley Taplah,

chairman for operations. It said other officials were being sought by police.

It said the arrests were in connection with [word indistinct] last week at

NDPL Headquarters involving the youth wing officials and members of a rival

party faction. A bus and a window at the headquarters were reported damaged

in the fighting.

A party spokesman was quoted as saying that after the incident, there were

persistent rumours in Monrovia that some members of the youth wing had

threatened to kill the NDPL acting chairman, Miata Edith Sherman.

The government meanwhile is said to be reviewing recommendations to disband

the youth wing following complaints by opposition parties and independent

bodies that it was responsible for widespread harassment, thuggery, and

looting.

Proposals to disband the task force have been made by the Elections Commission,

[word indistinct] sources said, adding that the Justice Ministry was clamping

down on "people who perpetrate chaos intended to give the NDPL an unsavoury

reputation."

More than half the youth wing's official 37,000 members were recruited to help

the NDPL in campaigning October 1985 elections. Mr. Doe was declared winner

of the polls amid widespread allegations of vote-rigging.

/8309

CSO: 3400/822
LIBERIA

BRIEFS

MOROCCAN OFFICIAL DISCUSSES SUPPORT—The visiting deputy minister for

African affairs at the Moroccan Foreign Ministry, Mr Said Osman Tahar, has

expressed his government's willingness to train Liberians in the field of mass

communications. He said his government was willing to train Liberians in the

areas of motion pictures» [word indistinct], and broadcast journalism. According to Liberia News Agency, Mr Tahar, who arrived last night, gave the

assurance today when he paid a courtesy call on Information Minister

S. Momolu Getaweh at his Capital Hill office. He told Minister Getaweh

that it was his government's keen desire to train Liberians and that Morocco

was willing to grant scholarships to many Liberians for studies in Morocco.

Minister Tahar also assured that his government would give support to government's green revolution program. Earlier, Minister Getaweh welcomed

Minister Tahar to Liberia and wished him a successful stay in the country.

He noted that friendly ties existed between Liberia and Morocco and hoped

that the two countries would continue to work together for the mutual benefit

of their respective peoples. [Text] [Monrovia Radio ELWA in English

2000 GMT 28 Jan 87] /8309

CSO: 3400/822
MOZAMBIQUE

NEW HEADS OF INFORMATION ORGANS APPOINTED

MB250619 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1730 GMT 24 Jan 87

[Text] New directors for information departments were formally appointed in

Maputo today at a ceremony chaired by Information Minister Teodato Hunguana.

Thus, (Felizberto Simango Dinga) is the new director of Social Communications

Department. Jose Joaquim de Oliveira Catorze is the new director of NOTICIAS,

while Antonio Julio Botelho Moniz was appointed director of Mozambique

Experimental Television. Simeao Cachamba, who is also director of DIARIO DE

MOCAMBIQUE newspaper, [as heard, the newspaper lists Botelho Moniz as its

director] was named Sofala provincial information director. Also today,

(Sabado [name indistinct] Tembe) was appointed director general of the

Mozambique National Press. The post of deputy director of the Social

Communications Department is filled by Carlos Antonio Costa, while Antonio

Gregorio Carrasco was named production director in the Social Communications

Department. Carlos Alberto Lopes Cardoso was formally appointed director

of the Mozambique News Agency, a body which now has Eugenio Gerente as

administrative director. In the context of these changes, four other cadres

were appointed as directors in the Ministry of Information's executive body.

(Juarez da Maia), who was director general of the Social Communications

Department, is expected to return home to Brazil soon.

/9738

CSO: 3400/835
MOZAMBIQUE

CHISSANO RECEIVES ENVOY FROM LIBYA'S AL-QADHDHAFI

MB221642 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1030 GMT 22 Jan 87

[Text] This morning, Joaquim Alberto Chissano, chairman of.the Frelimo Party

and president of the People's Republic of Mozambique, received Dr (Ali Haldir),

an envoy from the Libyan head of state, Colonel Mu'avmar al-Qadhdhafi. Dr

(Ali Haldir), a member of the general People's Committee for External Relations,

told President Joaquim Chissano that he was carrying a message, which among

other things wishes Mozambique peace, development and prosperity, as well as

requesting the Mozambican head of state's opinion on certain international

issues.

Pascoal Mocubi, minister for foreign affairs, attended the meeting.

/9738

CSO: 3400/835
MOZAMBIQUE

RSA TV REPORTS ON MNR ACTIVITIES IN ZAMBEZIA

[Editorial Report] Johannesburg Television Service in English at 1830 GMT

on 27 January on its "Network" program carries a 10-minute video report on

the activities of the Mozambiean rebel movement Renamo in Zambezia Province.

The program begins in the studio with presenter Julian van Houten, who says:

"The Renamo insurgents in Mozambique are often in the news but little is known

about that shadowy movement. Two freelance journalists recently penetrated

to the center of Renamo territory to record the activity of the movement, and

interview its leader Afonso Dhlakama, the man the Frelimo Government has hunted

for the past 8 years. This is the first film ever made on the resistance

movement and was made available to the SABC by an independent producer."

The first film clip shows scenes of devastation caused by the civil war

in Mozambique. "Network" presenter John Bishop in a voice-over narration says

that "destruction caused by war and economic mismanagement has totally

unraveled the fabric of everyday life."

The video then shows Renamo headquarters in Zambezia Province, with Bishop

noting: "From the Frelimo perspective, Renamo was born in double original sin,

spawned by the Rhodesian Central Intelligence Organization in 1976, it was,

some say, handed over lock, stock, and barrel to the SADF in 1980, when Robert

Mugabe took over Zimbabwe. Critics in Pretoria alledge that the SADF still

runs Renamo as a puppet organization to destabilize the region." Video shows

shots of Renamo combatants marching through the bush, as Bishop asks: "Who

are Renamo"? In fact Renamo has a nationwide organization linked by radio."

This is supported by a scene showing a radio set in use.

The video then shows Zambezia Province commander General Calisto briefing his

men at headquarters. An exhibition of small arms is then shown as Bishop

says: "Renamo's critics say that the movement obtains its weapons from

equipment captured by the SADF in Angola. However, Renamo says it has no

problem capturing as much military hardware as it wants from Frelimo troops

and Zimbabwean forces guarding the key Beira corridor."

Shots of MNR soldiers with AK-47's fitted with double clips, B-10 recoilless

guns, and mortars are followed by scenes of military training and weapons

maintenance as Bishop notes that "men and women volunteers must stay in Renamo
until the end of the war. Discipline is apparently strict although basic

infantry skills are lacking. But their weapons maintenance is appalling.

Training is rudimentary and marksmanship is not at a premium."

After a shot on captured Frelimo prisoners of war, the video shows scenes of

dancing women and ruined churches as Bishop says: "Renamo has developed social

structures in what it calls its liberated zones. Renamo has emphasized that

it wants to restore the freedom of religion, particularly the Catholic Church."

After shots of children at school and a clinic, Bishop says the film crew made

the difficult and dangerous journey to Central Mozambique to speak to Renamo

President Afonso Dhlakama. "The journey over hundreds of kilometers involved

travel by foot, dugout canoes, and driving cross country on small motor bikes.

The wide Zambezi River was crossed in a acptured Frelimo inflatable boat."

After shots of the Zambezi River crossing, Renamo President Dhlakama is shown.

"The television crew found the president deep in the forest with only three

bodyguards. Afonso Dhlakama, Mozambique's Scarlet Pimpernel, is only 33,

catholic trained, a family man with two daughters. Besides being the most

wanted man in Mozambique, he is very relaxed, highly intelligent. He speaks

a very articulate Portuguese. In halting English, he rejected the current

accusations regarding South African support and the presence of MR bases in

Malawi." Speaking in English, Dhlakama says: "As president of Renamo we

would like to say that we do not have any bases in Malawi. All the bases of

our forces are here in Mozambique. We are not commanded by South Africa and

we do not get support from South Africa."

Bishop adds: "Dhlaka wants to bring multiparty democracy to Mozambique. That

can be achieved by military victory, or perhaps negotiation with Frelimo,

especially if there is a military coup by Frelimo generals tired of fighting

a losing war. Dhlakama insists he is winning the war."

The report ends with a shot of Mozambican refugees as Bishop asks: "Will

there ever be an end to Mozambique's agony?"

/9738

CSO: 3400/835

10
MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

ECONOMIC MEASURES APPROVED—Mozambique's Council of Ministers met this morning

in its first ordinary session. In the meeting, the Council of Ministers

reviewed and approved concrete actions to implement economic rehabilitation

measures approved by.the first session of the Peoplers Assembly. [Text]

[Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1730 GMT 22 Jan 87 MB] /9738

CSO: 3400/835

11
NAMIBIA

PAPER VIEWS SAVIMBI PEACE OFFER

Windhoek DIE REPUBLIKEIN in Afrikaans 24 Oct 86 p 10

[Editorial: "Angola"]

[Text] The violence in Harare was only one of two instances where demonstrators

against Southern African realities overplayed their hand. The other case was

that of a former Portuguese territory in Africa, Angola.

Before Dr Jonas Savimbi of the UNITA movement appeared before the European

parliament this week, even quarters such as SWAPO played a part in

demostrations aimed at damaging his image. But precisely this focused

attention on this man from one of Africa's bush wars. If Savimbi and

UNITA did not amount to anything, there would be no need for character

assasination.

The Savimbi who stood up there, acted from a position of strength. His UNITA

was precisely the target on which the ruling MPLA and its Cuban and East German

collaborators concentrated in recent months. Behind all this, the Russian bear

played the part of high command. UNITA had to be smashed at any cost. And

now Savimbi was able to report that the assault had been weathered.

It is significant that precisely In this, his hour of triumph, Savimbi called

for peace. More. He offered peace to the ruling MPLA, so that Angola might

again be the flourishing state it once was in Southern Africa. The only

guarantee his military power still offers him is that he cannot be compelled

to accept an agreement he does not want by military force.

Such striving for peace should not, however, be confused with weakness.

UNITA has weathered the assault and now wants to make peace. In SWA/Namibia it

is SWAPO that is suffering in the bush war. Nonetheless, it is the controlling

interior political groups that are reiterating offers to negotiate.

12906/12951

CSO: 3401/40

12
NAMIBIA

WORK OF NEW AGRICULTURE BOARD IN NAMIBIA

Windhoek DIE REPUBLIKEIN in Afrikaans 24 Oct 86 p 3

[Article: "Corn Slips to Angola"]

[Text] The final harvest figures for corn and sunflower seed were issued

yesterday by the Agriculture Board. They show a tremendous increase of 250

percent in corn production and close to 40 percent in sunflower production.

It is understood that the increase in corn production could, however, have

been even greater if considerable quantities of corn had not been sold

directly by producers to find their way to neighboring countries such as

Angola. Up to 6,000 tons of corn may have been lost in this way.

In the light of this it will be only logical if the Agriculture Board in due

course makes its corn plan obligatory. This will mean among other things that

a farmer will have to obtain a permit from the Agriculture. Board to buy corn

from his neighbor for his own use. Reliable statistics will also be madepossible by a compulsory plan.

The harvest of 19,353 tons of white corn supplies 43 percent of SWA/Namibia's

needs, while the 4,636 tons of yellow corn provides 31 percent of local

requirements. With respect to sunflower seed, SWA/Namibia is now 14 percent

self-sufficient.

In the meantime the Agriculture Board is also looking closely into the

production and provision of fruit and vegetables.

Another need that the Agriculture Board, which came into being last year, is

working on is the fixing of Southwest's own producer prices for controlled

products in the long term.

At the same time proper control is exercised over processors to avoid the

situation in the meat industry where a processing plant (Gobabis) that was

never put into commission had to be vacated.

As far as producer prices are concerned, the Agriculture Board expects no

fundamental change and it is believed that this year's prices will be maintained

next year.

13
At a press conference yesterday, the Agriculture Board pointed out that the

linking of South African producer prices to the size of the harvest does not

apply in SWA/Namibia. The South African system has the unfortunate disadvantage

that producers must bear losses in the world export market themselves.

According to Mr Jürgen Hoffman, chairman of the Agriculture Board, the board

is aware of the alarming increase in production inputs. Rises in producer

prices over the past three years were between 3 and 5 percent lower than the

announced rate of inflation for SWA/Namibia.

"The primary producers of staple food cannot be expected to keep their prices

low indefinitely in order to contribute more than the rest of the population

to the economic stabilization efforts of the government of the day," Mr Hoffman

said.

12906/12951

CSO: 3401/40

14
NAMIBIA

SEA WATER IRRIGATION SCHEME DESCRIBED

Windhoek DIE REPUBLIKEIN in Afrikaans 23 Oct 86 p 3

[Article: "Sea Water May Make Namibia Bloom"]

[Text] He anticipates that vast projects using direct sea water irrigation

could work again on either side of the mouth of the Omaruru on the plain

of Henties Bay, where the elderly now retire in the coastal town, says the

Rossing chief administrator, Mr Lorenz Hesse. He has been doing research along

the coast for 33 years now.

Mr Hesse is thinking in particular of pulp and paper industries that may come

into being there. He is about to attend a 2 month course in Israel, which

is the leader in the field of desert irrigation. "I think I will be coming

back in January with a lot to say to ... [gap in text]."

Mr Hesse has been working at Swakopmund and Walfish Bay since 1955, after

obtaining a degree in Berlin. He has worked for Rossing for the past 11 years.

The Rossing foundation is now sponsoring him to attend a course in Israel

on irrigation techniques from 27 October to 23 December. It concerns irrigation

with ... [gap in text] ... home to SWA/Namibia."

He knows of two very successful Israeli irrigation schemes using much saltier

sea water than that along the coast of SWA/Namibia.

Mr Hesse has been working at Swakopmund and Walfish Bay since 1955, after

obtaining a degree in Berlin. He has worked for Rossing for the past

11 years. The Rossing foundation is now sponsoring him ... [gap in text]

salt water. The course takes place at Bet-Dagen, 12 km from Tel Aviv.

Representatives of 27 countries, of which 7 are African nations, will be

attending.

Research stations in Israel will be visited and special emphasis will be

laid on the technique of canal, ground and sprinkler irrigation. He

believes that the trip will be of great value to agriculture and forestry

in SWA/Namibia. Israel is the world leader in horticulture. The Rossing

Foundation has projects underway at Brakwater and Ovambo, and the information

he will be obtaining may be of great value at both places.

15
"But I have my own ideas about what may happen behind the sand dunes along the

coast of SWA/Namibia," Mr Hesse says.

"There is enormous potential for producing pulp, paper and so on along our coast

using direct sea water irrigation. I have done a lot of research along the

coast of SWA/Namibia. I am especially thinking of the vicinities of Walfish

Bay and Henties Bay. Both sides of the Omaruru river are well suited to direct

sea water irrigation. I think I can make a very great contribution to SWA/Namibia

in this respect," says Mr Hesse.

12906/12951

CSO: 3401/40

16
NIGERIA

FOREIGN MINISTER INTERVIEWED ON CHAD CONFLICT

AB160930 London BBC World Service in English 1615 GMT 15 Jan 87

[Text] Once again there is considerable international support for the

Chad government's renewed fight against Libyan-backed rebel forces in

northern Chad.

The French have launched their air strikes and sent in extra supplies. Zaire

has been training Chadian troops and President Mobutu was in Ndjamena to

express solidarity. Nigeria, too, has been deeply involved. In the past,

it sent troops to Chad. And Foreign Minister Professor Akinyemi has been jetsetting around trying to organize talks, truces, and cease-fires.

In Lagos, Elizabeth Blount asked him how he felt about the latest developments.

[Akinyemi] They are still very disturbing and rather distressing, and we in

Nigeria have put in a lot of years just trying to ensure that this kind of

large-scale fighting did not break out. And now the military option seems to

have gained the upper hand. I (?regret) that the war has been inimical to

Nigeria's national interests. I believe that now we really must start to look

for more fundamental ways to put an end to this conflict once and for all.

[Blount] Do you feel this Chadian civil war is basically between Chadian

factions, or do you accept the Chadian government's view that things have

been changed in the 3 years [words indistinct] Chadians against Libya?

[Akinyemi] Well, I don't think it is. One could put it in that kind of either

or situation. There is no doubt that the Libyan factor is there, and probably

the Libyan factor is an important ingredient of the conflict. And the first

step towards the resolution of this conflict permanently will be really

for the Libyans to leave Chad alone. I think that the time is now ripe for

the Libyans to adopt the kind of attitude that other Chadian neighbors have

had towards the Chadian conflict, which is not to have any selfish, narrow

interests in Chad. I think the Libyan troops should evacuate the northern

part of Chad, that is the first thing. And the second thing will then be^

for the other Libyan [as heard] opposition factions to recognize the reality

of the Habre administration which has been in power for about 4 years. It is

recognized by Nigeria, it is recognized by the OAU, it is recognized by the

United Nations. And then, of course, to have reconciliation talks that would

allow for one government, a united country, and then for all non-Chadian

troops to get out of Chad.

17
[Blount] You think (?you talk for) Nigeria to offer its good offices in

hosting some kind of conference? What's the [words indistinct]?

[Akinyemi] Well, various factions have been in touch with us, and we're

in touch with the national government in Ndjamena; and we are prepared to

host such a conference, but the conditions are that one: the Chadian

government itself must be prepared to attend such a conference; number two,

the other factions must be prepared to recognize the legitimacy of the Chadian

government around the conference table; and thirdly, that certain other

conditions which we cannot spell out publically now must be acceptable to

both sides, that there is no use coming for a conference if one of the

important actors will not attend or if you are going to get bogged down in

protocol details, or if the agenda of the day will not have been a chance,

or of having an agreement. So there is a little background work that is

going on.

[Blount] The Chadian government has recently been giving the impression that

they think perhaps they can finally end the war by winning it, that they now

see victory as a possibility. In these circumstances, are they still willing

to sit down and talk with the former rebels?

[Akinyemi] Well, if the Chadian government thinks it can win the war

militarily, then obviously they will try that option first before being

amenable to any other options. My own or the independent assessment that's

available is that the conflict is not going to be resolved on the battlefield.

That is the independent assessment that is available to us right now. [end

recording]

/8309

CSO: 3400/820

18
NIGERIA

BRIEFS

COOPERATION AGREEMENT WITH LIBERIA—Nigeria and Liberia today in Lagos signed

an agreement on economic, scientific, and technical cooperation. It provides

for identification, setting up, and running of joint industrial, commercial,

and technical enterprises. The two countries also agreed to exchange experts

and advisers and share experiences on consultancy services. The minister

of national planning, Dr Kalu I. Kalu, initialed the agreement for Nigeria.

He said it will provide the framework for the establishment of a joint

economic commission to consider proposals for the smooth implementation of

projects under the agreement. Dr Kalu stressed Nigeria's commitment to the

industrial development of the economies of African countries. The Liberian

minister of planning and economic affairs, Paul Jeffy, initialled the accord

on behalf of his country, and described it as a milestone in the history of

relations between the two nations. He remarked that in a period of serious

economic difficulties, bilateral arrangements represented viable alternatives

in the process of recovery. [Text] [Lagos Domestic Service in English

1500 GMT 21 Jan 87] /8309

CAPE VERDE AID PACKAGE—Nigeria is to build a polytechnic and a 200-bed

hospital for Cape Verde under a technical aid package announced for African

countries in this year's budget. The minister of external affairs, Prof

Bolaji Akinyemi, who disclosed this to the NEWS AGENCY OF NIGERIA at

Murtala Mohamed Airport yesterday, did not elaborate on the package, but said

details were being worked out. Professor Akinyemi has since left for London

en route to New Delhi, India, to attend a 9-nation ministerial committee

meeting of the nonaligned nations which begins tomorrow. The minister

described India as one of Nigeria's strongest allies in the movement, and

said that efforts were on to reopen the Nigeria-India Joint Commission.

[Text] [Lagos Domestic Service in English 1200 GMT 20 Jan 87] /8309

CULTURAL AGREEMENT WITH JAPAN—Nigeria and Japan today in Lagos signed a cultural

agreement. Under the agreement, Japan will provide some of the basic equipment

that will help to sustain the national commission for museums and monuments.

Similarly, both countries will also exchange cultural programs and exhibitions

of works of art. The minister of information and culture, Prince Tony Momoh,

signed for Nigeria while the Japanese ambassador in Nigeria, Mr Jonowaki,

initialed for his country. Meanwhile, a group of Japanese jazz musicians is

expected in Nigeria in March to perform a series of concerts. [Text]

[Lagos Domestic Service in English 1500 GMT 16 Jan 87] /8309

CSO: 3400/821

19
SIERRA LEONE

ANNIVERSARY OF RELATIONS WITH USSR CELEBRATED

AB170939 Freetown Domestic Service in English 2000 GMT 16 Jan 87

[Text] Sierra Leone yesterday started celebrating the 25th anniversary of

diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union at the (Moyabi) conference hall,

(Yeli) building in Freetown. In a speech, the minister of state for foreign

affairs, Dr Augustine Stevens, said that 25 years of diplomatic relations

with the Soviet Union represented one generation from birth to manhood of

which the Soviet Union played a great role. Dr Stevens described the establishment of the Marine Training School as another concrete manifestation of

the Soviet Union's desire to assist Sierra Leone, and expressed government's

appreciation to the Soviet Government and peoples for the invaluable work

[words indistinct].

The Soviet ambassador said the Soviet Union has always supported Sierra Leone's

[words indistinct] assistance to Sierra Leone over the years. The ambassador

said that the main result of 25 years relationship was stable, friendly relations between the two countries, and considerable achievements in various fields

of bilateral cooperation. He disclosed that the Soviet Union is to donate

teaching tools and equipment worth 4 million leones to the Siaka Stevens Marine

Training School.

Speaking on behalf of the Sierra Leone Association of Soviet Graduates, the

secretary general of the asscoiation, Walter CD. Wilson, noted that over 800

Sierra Leoneans have graduated from different educational institutions in the

Soviet Union, while about 500 more are currently pursuing various fields of

studies.

The chairman for the occasion was Dr S.B. Sakor, a graduate from the USSR and

member of parliament for Bombali West constituency, while the vote of thanks

was given by (F.N. Maturi), secretary general of the Sierra Leone-USSR Friendship Society.

/12232

CSO: 3400/819

20
SIERRA LEONE

AFP ON IMPORTANCE OF REGIONAL APC CONVENTIONS

AB181508 Paris AFP in English 1440 GMT 18 Jan 87

[Text] Freetown, 18 January (AFP)—Regional conventions of Sierra Leone's

ruling All People's Congress (APC) being held all over the country are considered here as crucial for the future of the single-party state. Thirteen

conventions, two of which took place Sunday, are being held, the last being

in May, and their main result will be to decide whether the party or the

government has the more power.

The question is complex because former President Siaka Stevens is the party

chairman, while the current president, Josephe Momoh, heads the government

and is secretary-general of the party.

Though President Momoh in a rare reference to his relationship with Mr Stevens

denied suggestions of interference in his administration by his predecessor,

leading party officials said the relationship between the two have chilled for

the past six months. Close aides said that the Stevens group had mapped out

strategies for the replacement of a number of key party officials who are

known supporters of President Momoh.

Observers interpret the move as an attempt to make sure the Stevens' presence

remains dominant, and both party and outside observers are predicting a showdown when the national delegates conference is held at the end of all 13 conventions.

One party activist said there were fears of a similar situation to that of

Camerron, where President Amadou Ahidjo handed over to his Prime Minister Paul

Biya but remained party head. In the resulting clash Mr Biya emerged the winner,

defeating a coup attempt against him. It will be the task of the delegates'

conference to elect new party officials from the chairman to members of the

(?governing) council and Central Committee. The expected political tremor will

occur if some delegates go ahead with [words indistinct] phase out the post of

chairman, held by Mr Stevens, with the aim of effectively cutting him out of

mainstream political and leaving President Monoh completely in charge, [sentence

as received]

Siaka Stevens himself has been saying little about his political future, although he is over 86. When called upon to address meetings, he usually says,

21
"ladles and gentlemen, I cannot say much, I am ex-president." However, many

of the delegates at the party conventions are defeated candidates in last

June's general elections which was seen as a clear out of the old guard

following Mr Momoh's takeover as president. More than 6 months later internal

settling is continuing in the country. A retired assistance commissioner

of police, A.H. Palmer, is being detained on suspicion of shooting and killing

a 26 year-old teacher, Badara Kamara, in a shootout in Bombali between supporters of Mines Minister Birch Conteh and former minister [words indistinct].

In Gbangbatoke, a farmer, Hassan Lappia, died during an [word indistinct] between supporters of member of Parliament J.D. Sandi and his defeated opponent

Alusine Deen.

/12232

CSO: 3400/819

22
ZIMBABWE

HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY APPROVES AGREEMENT WITH MALAWI

MB210554 Harare Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 21 Jan 87

[Text] The House of Assembly yesterday approved a 2-year trade agreement

between Zimbabwe and Malawi. The deputy minister of finance, economic,

planning, and development, Comrade Moton Malianga, said the agreement will

promote cooperation between the two countries which is essential for their

development. Comrade Malianga said it is in Zimbabwe's interest that the

agreement be accepted, as it will help the country in much needed foreign

currency. He said the agreement will remain in force for 2 years and a 180-

day notice period should be given if either party wants to terminate it.

/9738

CSO: 3400/833

23
ZIMBABWE

NKALA URGES EXTENSION OF STATE OF EMERGENCY

MB201934 Dakar PANA in English 1700 GMT 20 Jan 87

[Text] Harare, 20 Jan (ZIANA/PANA)—Zimbabwean Minister of Home Affairs Enos

Nkala, today urged parliament to renew the state of emergency for another

six months because of South African destabilization. He told parliament that

the renewal was necessary because hopes that it would end at midnight on 25

January were dashed by Pretoria's acts of destabilization [words indistinct]

list of 60 major incidents involving dissidents during the last six months

of emergency. Zimbabwe was extending the state of emergency because of coming

sanctions against apartheid, the war against Mozambican rebels, dissidents and

the threat of South African destabilization.

The minister stressed the need to support Mozambique in its fight against South

African-sponsored MNR bandits and counterrevolutionaries. Mr Nkala said the

state of emergency was also needed because of the external threat against

this country coming from South Africa.

The country has been under a state of emergency since the unilateral declaration of independence (UDI) by the rebel Ian Smith regime in 1965.

/9738

CSO: 3400/833

24
ZIMBABWE

LIBYAN ENVOY ARRIVES WITH MESSAGE

MB171343 Harare Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 17 Jan 87

[Text] The permanent secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Libya,

Comrade ('Ali al-Jeri), has arrived in Harare with a special message to the

prime minister, Comrade Mugabe, from the Libyan leader, Colonel Mu'ammar

al-Qadhdhafi. Comrade (al-Jeri), who is scheduled to meet Comrade Mugabe

today, will also travel to Lusaka, Maputo, and Luanda with special messages

from the Libyan leader to the frontline leaders.

A spokesman for the Libyan embassy in Harare told the ZBC that the envoy will

brief Comrade Mugabe on the latest developments in Chad, particularly the

Algerian initiative. The Algerian initiative calls for the total withdrawal

of all foreign troops from Chad and the reconvening of a conference with all

Chadian factions under the supervision of the Organization of African Unity.

/9738

CSO: 3400/833

25
ZIMBABWE

MUGABE SPEECH AT PRC BANQUET REPORTED

MB200732 Harare Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 20 Jan 87

[Text] The prime minister, Comrade Robert Mugabe, has declared that Zimbabwe

will continue to support the oppressed masses of South Africa and Namibia as

long as the Pretoria regime pursues apartheid and rejects democracy. Comrade

Mugabe told Chinese leaders at a state banquet hosted for him by Premier Zhao

Ziyang that the real enemy in South Africa is apartheid. He said the solution

to the problem in South Africa is the total dismantling of the segregatory

racial system of apartheid. The prime minister rejected reforms recently

introduced by the Botha regime as piecemeal and cosmetic, saying they are

inadequate and will fail to address the main problem of equal political

participation by all the people of South Africa regardless of race, color,

religion. or

Comrade Mugabe also paid special tribute to the people of China, saying

relations between Zimbabwe and that country date back to the liberation

struggle when China gave moral and material support in the fight against

settler colonialism in the then Rhodesia. He said relations were cemented

after independence, with China giving financial aid and technical support for

the building of the 60,000-seat national sports stadium in Harare and other

projects like embroidery.

On nuclear disarmament, Comrade Mugabe said he was dismayed that there has

not yet been a major breakthrough in nuclear arms reduction and disarmament.

Earlier, Chinese Premier Zhao Ziyang said there is a new upsurge of support

by the international community for the just struggle of the people of southern

Africa. He said China will support Zimbabwe and other fronline Nstates in

safeguarding their sovereignty and security.

Meanwhile, Comrade Mugabe is scheduled to hold talks with Chinese Communist

Party Chairman Comrade Deng Xiaoping today.

/9738

CSO: 3400/833

26
ZIMBABWE

MUGABE SPEAKS ON ARRIVAL IN DPRK

MB211727 Harare Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 21 Jan 87

[Text] The prime minister, Comrade Robert Mugabe, has said Zimbabwe's existence as an independent sovereign state depends on the security of the

Beira Corridor, especially with impending sanctions against racist South

Africa. Comrade Mugabe, speaking to leaders of the DPRK on his arrival in

Pyongyng today, said Zimbabwe is firmly committed to defending the pipeline

and to helping Mozambique defend its sovereignty against South Africansponsored MNR bandits.

The prime minister, who will be in the DPRK for 2 days, said South Africa

seeks to perpetuate the dependence of neighboring countries on its economy.

This, he said, is shown by South Africa's attempts to strangulate the

economies of the states in the southern African region. The prime minister

told Korean leaders that Zimbabwe is grateful to its friends, among them the

DPRK, for assistance to enable it to improve its capacity to defend its

unity, territorial integrity, and national survival.

In reply, President Kim Il-long said nonaligned countries and all peaceloving nations should apply sanctions against South Africa in the economic,

diplomatic, and military fields. The DPRK leader appealed for international

material support for the black majority in South Africa and Namibia, and also

for the Frontline States, in their struggle to achieve the total liberation

of southern Africa.

/9738

CSO: 3400/833

27
ZIMBABWE

RADIO TRUTH EXAMINES PLIGHT OF NDEBELE PEOPLE

MB161147 (Clandestine) Radio Truth in English to Zimbabwe 0430 GMT 16 Jan 87

[Text] In his New Year's speech the prims minister claimed that peace and

tranquility had been restored to the country through the efforts of our

security forces. In our view this is patently untrue or at best represents

wishful thinking. There was a partial lull in so-called dissident activity

in the middle of 1986, but by the year end there was a further outbreak of

violence as [words indistinct] dissident operations.

Most of the victims were ZANU-PF officials or government employees. There

was marked atmosphere of fear among leading party officials in Matabeleland.

Whatever [words indistinct] Comrade Mugabe and his colleagues may have

perceived, it hides the fact that the root problems of this region and of the

Ndebele nation are unsolved. The Ndebele people still feel that they are

treated as second-class citizens in their own land and are the victims of

deliberate Shona oppression. They have neither forgotten nor forgiven the

brutal campaign mounted against them by the 5th Brigade and other ZANU-PF

dominated forces. [words indistinct] do not feel that they have received

their just reward for their contribution to the liberation war. They view with

alarm and resentment the progressive actions of the government to week out

former [words indistinct^ men from our armed forces.

Despite the release of many ZAPU detainees in a move designed to promote a

party merger, some important ZAPU personalities are still in custody.

Over and above development aid and projects from the Matabele provinces,

they have watched with envy as all funds and efforts have been concentrated

on the upliftment of ZANU-PF's strongholds. There is bitterness over the fact

that Zimbabwe has become virtually a one-city state. [as heard] Bulawayo

has been sadly neglected and bypassed.

If ZANU-PF really wants to restore peace and tranquility, it is not the

security forces who will achieve this desirable objective. It demands a

positive effort on the part of the government to promote a national, as

opposed to a Shona-dominated, identity. But considerable degree of autonomy

must devolve upon the Ndebele people and their own elected representatives

28
to the Provincial Assembly so that they can guarantee the preservation of their

own traditions and culture. Development funds and expertise must be fairly

apportioned and [words indistinct] presence of soldiers in Matabeleland must

be substantially reduced. Then, and only then, peace will become an attainablegoal.

On a related scene which is noticeable that some tourists project a rosecolored view of our country as they leave or upon return to their home

territory. The pity is that most of them gain their impressions from a tour

of Harare or from brief visits to the Victoria Falls and in Kariba. They

neither see the deprivation in Matabeleland nor talk to the people in that

area.

We must not allow their judgment to fool us that all is well, and, most of

all, our government should not be deluded into thinking that they are doing a

good job. ZANU-PF has a lot to do to repair the damage they have caused,

and we urge them to make the rehabilitation of Matabeleland and its people

their number one New Year's resolution.

/9738

CSO: 3400/833

29
ZIMBABWE

SECURITY FORCES KILL TWO «BANDITST

MB222028 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1949 GMT 22 Jan 87

[Text] Harare, 22 Jan (SAPA)—Two bandits, one of whom had a diary containing

a catalogue of dissident activities his group had carried out, were shot and

killed by security forces near this small rural center about 150 km north of

Bulawayo, a police spokesman said today, ZIANA, the semi-official news agency,

reports. 6 J

Inspector Cain Magaisa, officer in charge at Nkayi police station, told newsmen that one of the bandits, identified by villagers as Mamba Gumede, was shot

on Tuesday evening when security forces sighted four of them near a dip tank

at Memuka village, about 77 km north of Nkayi District offices. Gumede, who

died on the spot and who had seemed to be the leader of the group, had the

diary, he said.

The other bandit was shot and injured but managed to escape with two others.

Yesterday morning the security forces followed a blood spoor that led them to

a point where the injured bandit was. He was killed during a second contact,

Inspector Magaisa said.

An AK rifle, 7 magazines and 62 live rounds, 2 grenades, 3 identity cards

belonging to people not connected with the group, medicine and the diary,

were discovered at the scene of the first contact, he said.

Fourteen bandits were killed in the area last year and these were the first

two this year, said the inspector. According to the inspector, the diary,

in English chronicled the following events:

11 J^

1986'attacked enera

y

at Cross-dete police. Capture ammunition, combat,

FN rifle and killed enemy informer by the name of Masuku Mbuzuma.

12 August 1986, captured enemy at Mbuma mission by the name of Micah Tshuma

of 43 infantry battallion based at Triangle (Tshuma«s leave pass was found in

possession of Gumede. Tshuma1s whereabouts is still not known).

19 August raided government hospital.

30
10 October 1986, contact with enemy at Mulauzeni and left kit.

22 October 1986 attacked by enemy, left FN rifle, two AK magazine and one

compass.

7 November 1986, contact with enemy at Nkuba.

8 November 1986 contact with enemy at Jengwe.

Asked about other activities the group of bandits were associated with in the

area, Inspector Magaisa said the group had killed Mrs Simama Moyo, a 60-yearold woman on 13 January this year at the Mukarati area. On 6 January, he said,

the same group beat to death Eliah Mabikwa (64) and Obert Sibanda (24), both

of Sesemba area in Nkayi, for allegedly selling out. The inspector said it

was believed the group operated in the Nkayi, Silobela and Lowr Gweru areas

for the past two years.

/9738

CSO: 3400/833

31
SOUTH AFRICA

CP LEADER CALLS FOR CLOSING U.S. EMBASSY

MB210544 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2130 GMT 20 Jan 87

[Text] Johannesburg, 20 Jan (SAPA)—South Africa should close the U.S.

Embassy, the leader of the Conservative Party, Dr Andries Treurnicht, said

in a statement today.

"The CP demands action from the NP against the U,S.. Government which has

declared a sanctions war against this country—a government with courage would

have closed down the American Embassy months ago, and would have stopped the

flow of subversive U.S. cash into the coffers of the radicals."

Dr Treurnicht said a closer look should also be taken at the activities of the

U.S. Information Service and "all other projects designed by the U.S. State

Department to undermine the existing order in this country."

Reacting to reports that the United States had identified 10 strategic South

Afrxcan minerals to be exempted from their sanctions program because "they

are indispensable to their survival," Dr Treurnicht said it was time South

Afrxca judged the National Party Government by their deeds, not their words.

"Mr Pik Botha is becoming quite boring as he postures against the U.S. and

Zxmbabwean governments. I refer specifically to the U.S. Government's selective sanctions against this country, which sanctions exclude items essential

to the survival of the United States. These conditions the NP Government

txmxdly accepts. What about South Africa's survival? We are busy supplying

urgently needed fuel to Zimbabwe while that country makes no bones about the

fact that it sympathizes with the ANC and would, if it could, institute

sanctions," Dr Treurnicht said.

He said it was obvious the NPS deeds belied their slogan: "South Africa

First."

/9738

CSO: 3400/836

32
SOUTH AFRICA

RIGHT-WING DISUNITY, U.S. SANCTIONS, TAIWAN TALKS DISCUSSED

Right-Wing Parties Still Divided

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 14 Nov 86 p 15

[Unattributed article: "Right-Wing Disagreement Pushed a Step Further: Jaap

Marais Writes to Treurnicht"]

[Text] It is amazing that the Conservative Party [KP] first accentuated its

differences with the Herstigte National Party [HOT] and then turned around

and took the HNP viewpoint, all the while remaining at odds with the HNP.

So wrote Mr Jaap Marais, leader of the HNP, in a lengthy letter to the

Conservative Party leader, Dr Andries Treurnicht, in which the disagreements

over collaboration between the two far-right parties were pushed a step further.

Among other things, Mr Marais wrote that, according to press reports, at a

recent meeting in Pietersburg Dr Treurnicht referred to right-wing collaboration

and spoke of a "united front" and a "united movement," but not of a "single

party." This was "a big step away from the combined party that was supposed

to be established on 24 January 1987," and a major step toward the HNP point of

view.

In his letter, which was published in full in the HNP's official newspaper,

Mr Marais also denied that the policy differences between the KP and the HNP

had "almost disappeared" on such issues as a national language, the Indian

question, the Afrikaner Resistance Movement, and Mr John Vorster.

Mr Marais wrote that Dr Treurnicht's statement that "you really can't say

you're working for unity while at the same time asserting that your party will

continue to exist" represented an injustice not only toward the HNP, but also

toward himself, since such a statement was not founded on truth. He reminded

Dr Treurnicht that the HNP had stated "on countless occasions" that it was

striving for unity through collaboration that would lead to a gradual merger.

Referring to the KP's "games" with words, Mr Marais pointed to the statement

by the deputy head of the KP, Dr Gerdi Hartzenberg, that only a single party

should remain before the opening of Parliament. Later, Dr Hartzenberg went

further and spoke of "a joint convention for the KP and the HNP.''

33
Insight

More recently, Dr Hartzenberg had said that the KP was willing to disband in

order to form an entirely new party. This had apparently caused an uproar

within the KP, and it was subsequently retracted. The word "convention"

disappeared from reports where it was replaced by the word "conference." At

the same time, a press report stated that Dr Treurnicht had spoken at

Pietersburg of a "united front" or a "united movement."

"This creative use of terminology indicates that the desire to form a single

party after 24 January 1987 was fleeting and that the terminology was

subsequently changed to the extent that those involved acquired a delayed

insight into the consequences."

Mr Marais continued by asking what would now become of the "united convention"

and "the single party" prior to the start of the "Parliamentary session.

"These are the very issues that led the KP to precipitate a break in

relations with the HNP, but now, after bad blood has been created, the KP

lets the matter drop and moves in the direction of the HNP's point of view.

Can you blame me for saying that this expressed desire for a combined party

is irresponsible?"

Mr Marais also dealt extensively with the differences existing between the

HNP and the KP over the language issue, the Indians, the Afrikaner Resistance

Movement, and the position of Mr John Vorster. On the latter question, Mr

Marais wrote that the KP's position—that the KP policy program demonstrated

that the KP was not tied to Mr Vorster's deeds and leadership—reflected a

recognition of the fact that the KP had rejected Mr Vorster's policies. "It

is therefore somewhat contradictory for the KP to reject Mr Vorster's

leadership while refusing to issue a statement opposing Mr Vorster," the

letter said.

U.S. Sanctions Not Effective

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 14 Nov 86 p 14

[Unattributed article: "American Morality"]

[Text] Now that America's sanction law against South Africa is being put into

effect, its harmful consequences for all of southern Africa are becoming more

and more apparent. Predictions concerning its negative effects are becoming

reality, and the thin layer of morality with which the proponents of sanctions

have whitewashed over their potentially harmful campaign is beginning to wear

off.

The arbitrary manner in which 166 South African companies were chosen as

targets for boycott action strengthens the perception that nothing will come

of all the pious (and racist) assurances made in the beginning that the

sanctions will be applied in such a way that only whites will be affected.

34
So far, the proponents of the punitive measures have neglected to make clear

just how they intend to guarantee that the numerous black workers employed

by the companies will not be left high and dry.

It appears, rather, as though all are being stewed in a single pot without

regard for the individuals involved in order to enforce boycotts against as

many companies as possible. This is why even firms that have no business with

America are also "on the list!"

It appears highly unlikely that the promises of selectivity will amount to

anything. This would be practically impossible in view of South Africa's

integrated economy.

On top of everything else, a grim irony has befallen the entire sanctions

campaign. Only now, when America has taken more severe steps against the

Republic than any other Western country, one of its chief partners lost its

nerve in another boycott action after it learned that the boycott would not

work.

Canada, which previously had joined the United States in imposing sanctions

against Russia because of Afghanistan, is now going to remove them. They are

not effective, it is now being said.

Mr Joe Clarke, currently Canada's minister of external affairs and a man who

has been active in supporting the imposition of sanctions against South Africa,

has discovered that punitive measures of this kind do not always produce

the desired results. In the case of Russia, they have done nothing to change

that government's internal policies.

This is the reality with which the proponents of sanctions will continue to

collide. How long will they be able to justify their strange morality that

punishes the very people they supposedly want to help?

Negotiation With Taiwan

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 17 Nov 86 p 9

[Unattributed article: "Chinese Will Train Coloreds—Hendrickse Comments on

Agricultural Plan"]

[Text] De Aar—A place like Genadendal could become the breadbasket of the

Cape Peninsula if the Labor Party is successful in relocating its people on

land that once belonged to their forefathers.

This statement was made here this weekend by Rev Allan Hendrickse, leader of

the Labor Party and chairman of the Council of Ministers in the House of

Representatives, during the opening of his party's Karoostreek convention.

35
The Republic of China has been asked to send agricultural experts to teach

the coloreds how to "get the most out of the least."

Rev Hendrickse, who recently returned from a visit to the Republic of China,

said that the Labor Party wants to return its people to the land that formerly

belonged to their forefathers. "The coloreds lost their land because of

disunity and, frequently, because of dishonesty. In a place like Genedendal

it pains a person to see that there is more than enough water and land, but

people are sitting still and doing nothing."

Decision

"We went to the Republic of China to see how 20 million people live on an

island the size of the Free State. How can it be that they have only 1 percent

unemployment and are always in a position to export rice and other products?"

The Council of Ministers will meet in Cape Town on Tuesday and "then we'll

decide to get agricultural specialists from the Republic of China to come teach

us how to get the most out of the least. We are going to include all of the

coloreds with uc in this process of advancement," he said.

Rev Hendrickse stated that in recent years the coloreds had made a name for

themselves in South Africa. "This does not mean, however, that we will stay

in Parliament as it is now constituted. If we don't get what we want, we

will have to reevaluate our position." He said that the coloreds are a part

of South Africa and have nowhere else where they could flee. The Labor Party

has let the oppressed colored population discover who they are.

"The coloreds and the Labor Party have chosen the path of negotiation. We

have moved from a policy of protest to a policy of negotiations. There is no

way to pretend that the coloreds do not exist. We are here to stay, but if

we don't get what we want we will have to reevaluate our position in Parliament."

Rev Hendrickse said he was sorry that more members of the Labor Party had not

received positions in the new cabinet or as deputy ministers. The fact that

the colored Council of Ministers was functioning well should have been a sign

to the state president that they were capable people. "There are people in

the Labor Party who would fare just as well as some whites in the position of

minister, if not better. In the new South Africa, however, there will not

be any ministerial appointments based on groups, but ministers for South

Africa as a whole."

12412/12851

CSO: 3401/58

36
SOUTH AFRICA

TREURNICHT URGES UNITY 'ANTICLAMATIC' CONFERENCE

MB241324 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1319 GMT 24 Jan 87

[Text] Pretoria, 24 Jan (SAPA)—Conservative Party leader Dr Andries

Treumicht today pleaded for rightwing unity at an antiOclimatic "unity

conference" at the Skilpad Hall in Pretoria.

He told 4000 people: "The train of unity is about to depart and those who

want to ride along should board now."

The CP strived to be a single opposition party because that would constitute

a stronger opposition to the government than a right-wing alliance with the

Herstigte Nasionale Party [Reformed National Party], he said.

Dr Treumicht launched no strong direct attack on the HNP leadership.

Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging [Afrikaner Resistance Movement] members attended

in their khaki uniforms in a private capacity. No members of the HNP executive turned up. The only persons who shared the platform with Dr Treumicht

during his address were CP MP Dr Ferdi Hartzenberg and Mrs Betsie Verwoerd.

After Dr Treurnichts speech Dr Hartzenberg paraded northern Transvall rugby

hero Thys Lourens, all-in wrestler Jan Wilkins, Afrikaner Volkswag [National

Guard] leader Prof Carel Boshoff and a safari-suited German how exchanged Nazi

salutes with members of the audience on to the platform in support of the

unity call.

Members of the press were barred from the hall, which was filled to 85 percent

of its capacity, and officials ejected a number of pressmen they spotted

in the audience.

Dr Treumicht said at a press conference immediately after the meeting that he

was willing to negotiate with the HNP "on the basis of unity." He expected

strong support for the "unity movement" and "excellent results in the elec37
Political analyst Prof Willem Kleynhans, who attended the meeting, said he

expected the HNP to be weakened by events. "I expect a number of HNP people

to cross over," he said.

HNP leader Mr Jaap Marais said from his Pretoria home after the meeting that

merging political parties shortly before an election was "totally impossible.

History has shown that cooperation between two parties is the best way to

defeat a government," he said.

"There is no logical reason why an alliance agreement should not be closed

which could later serve as the basis for a merger. If the CP is prepared to

negotiate over the two standpoints the HNP would gladly accept this."

/9738

CSOi 3400/836

38
SOUTH AFRICA

CONTROVERSY OVER PROPOSED HUMAN RIGHTS CHARTER

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 10 Dec 86 p 10

[Text] Pretoria: If South Africa has a human rights charter that codifies

the rights and interests of racial groups as well as those of individuals, the

government will probably reassess such laws as the group areas act and the

population registry law.

A "harmony" will have to be found, however, between group and individual rights,

says Mr Kobie Coetsee, the minister of justice, in an interview given to LEADERSHIP, the journal of opinion.

Mr Coetsee was asked why he had instructed that the rights commission set up

an inquiry to look to the composition of a human rights charter for South Africa, and whether the thinking behind this was to make it easier for the government to relax or even do away with such laws as the group areas act and the

population registry law.

Protection

In his reply, Mr Coetsee said that he had already previously expressed the

opinion that a human rights charter, in the sense of a document meant to protect human rights, is not necessary in South Africa.

Not because he does not support the concept of individual rights, but because

he is of the opinion that common law properly protects individual rights and

that a human rights charter will tend to weaken those rights.

To a large extent, the constitution is based on the concept of racial groups

and the interests of these groups. "It is built on the fact that we are a

number of different minorities in this country," he said

Manifesto

He stated that the United Peoples are now conducting intensive research on the

positions of the racial groups, and that there is worldwide interest in the

protection of minorities and their religious, cultural and linguistic rights.

In the light of this, he instructed the rights commission to look into the possibility of "a manifesto of human rights that pays special attention to racial

39
group rights, the possible expansion of individual rights and the role that the

courts might play in this domain."

Mr Coetsee says that the government is increasingly occupied "with building...

to prepare for the future."

He thinks that in the process, old laws and concepts will inevitably be reassessed.

Balance

Although the government has not yet adopted any policy position concerning a

possible charter, and while the people are awaiting the commission's findings,

it is a "reasonable consequence that if we have a human rights charter that

codifies the rights and interests of racial groups and those of individuals,

we shall then want to link up those rights (with the group areas act and the

population registry law).

"Of course we shall have to find a balance between racial group rights and individual rights. We shall have to harmonize those rights with one another.

"I believe that it is a reasonable conclusion that in every nation that has

adopted a human rights charter, the needs have been passed on to some other

laws.

Share

But I want to emphasize that I cannot imagine a human rights charter of that

nature that simply substitutes for the old laws.

"What I can say is that the result must be the stimulation of greater confidence in the groups, the creation of a situation wherein we shall all share

to the fullest possible extent, while permitting each group to enjoy fully

what is peculiarly its own."

8117

CSO: 3401/75

40
SOUTH AFRICA

RACIAL RELATIONS IN BLACK NEIGHBORHOOD OF STELLENBOSCH DISCUSSED

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 9 Dec 86 p 13

[Text] Half hidden under tall dark pines appear the red tin roofSfof Stellenbosch's only black residential area, Kayamandi, a name that means sweet home

in Xhosa. But Kayamandi is hopelessly too small for the thousands of people

who live there, some in tin huts in back yards.

How many people do live there? According to Mr Victor Myataza, the mayor of

Kayamandi, there are 8,000. But according to town documents, the entire municipal district has only 3,346 blacks. Mr T. Ellis, the regional director of

the Stellenbosch district of the department of municipal services, says that

according to the latest estimate, there are between 4,000 and 4,200 people in

Kayamandi. But since the publication of this estimate, some 400 or 500 people

have flocked there from elsewhere, including women from Crossroads.

Many white and Colored Stellenbosch residents regularly drive by there in their

cars, and though aware of the existence of Kayamandi, they have never been inside this township.

One of the reasons is that until recently, people from other racial groups

could not enter the district without a permit. Another is perhaps that people

are somewhat fearful of the risks, because of the disturbances last year. To

be sure there were incidents of stone-throwing and arson, although they were

not as serious as in some black districts in the Skiereiland.

There are linguistic and cultural differences as well, of course. But these

are not the only reasons.

Getting To Know One Another

"In the past we have at least had contact, because Kayamandi came under the jurisdiction of the development council and was thus really outside the jurisdiction of the municipal council [of Stellenbosch]. We have really had so little

to do with them and their problems that we have not gotten to know one another," said Professor Danie Schumann, municipal council member for Stellenbosch

and formerly its mayor.

Mr Piet Marais, MP for Stellenbosch, also admits that it is only fairly recently that he has begun to have contacts with blacks.

41
"Our connections and contacts with the community of Kayamandi still leave much

to be desired at this stage. For if I now say that my own relations are still

not extensive and far from satisfactory, still I can at least say that I am

making an effort to relate. There is still much work to be done to bring ourselves up to the same level of relations that we have with the Coloreds."

Revelation

Less than two years ago he met Mr Myataza at a get-together in the town. He

invited him, along with a few others, to come visit him at his home.

For him it was a revelation to learn that seven of them had been born in Stellenbosch. Like most people, he actually considered them foreigners, people who

were from some black district or other and who had only recently relocated in

Stellenbosch.

"They are all Stellenboschers by birth. This is something that I cannot say

and that very few people who hold public office in Stellenbosch can say."

Since then he has established regular relationships with them; they come to his

homeland have long talks. He has also brought students and a group of Mr Myataza's young people into his house, so that they could get to know one another.

They have really come a long way, he said.

This year for the first time, blacks have become members of the relationship

committee. This year also saw the inauguration of a linkage committee, on

which serve representatives of all the local governments, including the black

adminis trators.

Expansion

Prof Schumann, who is a member of both committees, says that for the moment

they are working very harmoniously together. One of the matters now under discussion is the expansion of Kayamandi.

He is a Bolander and grew up among the Coloreds. But he did not know any

blacks. He does not know the black man's language. The black man was really

a foreigner to him.

It was actually only during the past two or three years that he had direct dealings with the black man and his problems. But now he is learning to know him

better, says Prof Schumann.

Big Dinner

Mr Myataza says that the community has become more involved with its own affairs. The linkage with the municipality is quite good.

Among the things that are being done is the sponsorship of a big dinner for the

elderly each year. In the winter blankets are distributed.

One lesson that they have learned from the earlier disturbances is that the

young people must not be idle. After school there was nothing for the children

42
to do. Consequently a sports club was started, to keep them occupied. Students

gave blankets to the club to be used for guests who stay overnight. Now they

are looking for mattresses.

There are still a good many deficiencies. He is most anxious to promote home

ownership, to enlarge dwellings and to see that more houses are built.

Negotiate

According to Mr Ellis, Kayamandi was also affected by last year's nationwide

disturbances, but in comparison with what happened elsewhere, it was not as

serious. One of the reasons is that Kayamandi is smaller and can be more easily controlled. The town committee of Mr Myataza maintains a reasonable measure of authority.

As far as housing is concerned, the space is very much limited. At the moment

there are only 34 plots that can be allotted to people who want to build themselves. Then the land will be all used up.

Years ago the thinking was that any future expansion had to be in the region of

Kuilsrivier near Mfuleni because the land is there and there would be more job

opportunities. Negotiations are now being undertaken to obtain more land for

Kayamandi.

Unemployment was not a great problem up to 18 months ago. Because of the influx of newcomers, however, a man who is not very good at his job now runs the

risk of losing it. There is also increasing poverty.

In general, the relationships between the racial groups are good. These are

church, administrative and sports affiliations. Students help with the coaching of sports.

Rents

The inhabitants of Kayamandi are anxious to have a secondary school, too, but

according to the department, there are still not enough students to justify

this. Parents do not want to send their children into the city, where they believe that discipline is no longer maintained.

As far as rents are concerned, says Mr Ellis, the concern is so great that people are becoming impatient. Out of 115 occupants of houses, 77 have completed

the necessary papers to buy the houses. This is a very high percentage, the

highest in West Cape Province.

"A factor that has influenced people is that they have begun to make additions

to their houses over a period of many years, because of their confidence in

this office. We have also motivated them. You see all sorts of variations.

Standard houses are being enlarged and windows put in.

"People who are actually tenants possess as much as 20,000 rands to improve a

house that could be taken away from them some day. But because they behave

properly, they know that they have a right to possess this money. So long as

43
they pay their rent, their house is safe. If a man dies, his son can take it

over, ' says Mr Ellis.

The Dutch Reformed Church in Africa, however, has between 60 and 70 members in

Kayamandi, a ward of the Mfuleni municipality, which covers a wide area.

Bridged Over

Professor ABD F.E.A. Scheffler says that there is an enormous gap between

whites and blacks and an ignorance of one another that must yet be bridged

over.

He does not believe that the whites realize what tremendous value blacks attach

to education. For them it is the key to and the symbol of progress. They feel

that in that domain they still have a long way to go. In Kayamandi there is a

very strong feeling that they must have their own secondary school.

Just as do whites, blacks today yearn for a beautiful house, a beautiful yard

and a television. They put a high price on these goals. Yet education still

comes first.

He believes that relations will improve a great deal if all Christian churches

can be united in a single ecumenical body. "It is my ideal that as a church,

not simply as the Dutch Reformed family of churches, but as the church of

Christ in its widest possible interpretation, we can find one another and then

give witness to the outside world. This then you will have to do, with the

cooperation of all the other Christian churches ii

He warns that the creation of institutions will not help if people do not

really go out to meet one another on a purely human-to-human basis. "If it is

still only a matter of convocations or committees, we are going to achieve

nothing."

To really improve relations demands that we "bite the bullet," persevere in

our objectives and have vision, says ABD Scheffler.

8117

CSO: 3401/75

44
SOUTH AFRICA

DE KLERK SAYS NP WANTS 'SERIOUS ELECTIONS'

MB171314 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1310 GMT 17 Jan 87

[Text] Pretoria, 17 Jan (SAPA)—The Transvaal leader of the National Party and

minister of national education, Mr F.W. de Klerk, said in Pretoria today

the NP did not intend to fight the coming election on the low, petty-political

level which typified the approach of opposition parties.

"The National Party wants to conduct a serious election over what it really

belives in," Mr de Klerk said.

"The image that the National Party is continuously peeping ovp.r its right

shoulder is incorrect," he said. The NP would "let itself be led by what it

believes is right, and we ask voters to deliver their pronouncement in the

same say.

"What is right and practicable should be the double test which should be

applied," Mr de Klerk said.

The NP was confident that, inspired by its dynamic national leader, it would

give a good account of itself in the election. Its confidence was not based

on the strife between the Herstigte Nasionale Party [Reformed National Party]

and the Conservative Party.

Mr de Klerk said he expected the rightwing challenge to be strong in the

Transvaal and the Free State, with regional challenges in the Cape and Natal.

/9738

CSO: 3400/836

45
SOUTH AFRICA

HEUNIS CALLS FOR IMPROVED INTERGROUP RELATIONS

MB231433 Johannesburg Domestic Service in Afrikaans 1400 GMT 23 Jan 87

[Text] The minister of constitutional development and planning, Mr Chris

Heunis, has called on local authorities to work towards real improvement of

intergroup relations. Speaking at the official opening of a new civic renter

at Griquatown, he said established local authorities in particular have a great

responsibility to take the initiative ane engage in dialogue with their

neighbors in order that the circumstances in which people live, work, and rplax

may be improved. Such action can help to establish permanence and order in

South African society.

On rural depopulation, Mr Heunis said the government is giving urgent attention to the matter and has already issued guidelines in this regard. He said

the country's development strategy should be aimed at making these areas more

viable and recognition should be given to the role of towns in creating iob

opportunities.

/9738

CSO: 3400/836

46
SOUTH AFRICA

NORTHERN COMMAND CHIEF WARNS OF ANO TACTICS

MB161929 Johannesburg Television Service in Afrikaans 1800 GMT 16 Jan 87

[Text] The outgoing commander of Far Northern Command, Major General Charles

Lloyd, says one of the aims of the ANC this year is to gain more support

among South Africans, particularly among whites. He said the ANC is misleading

the West by its false claim that it is fighting for democratic rights for all

in South Africa, while in fact the organization wants to gain Western support

in this manner and achieve the total isolation of South Africa. Speaking at

the handing over of the command to Major General George Meiring, he also

outlined the ANC's internal strategy for 1987.

[Begin Lloyd video recording] Internally, the ANC is going to work toward

gaining support from all groups, including whites, in an attempt to weaken

the power base of the government of the day. It is a fact that the reform

program of the government, and the present state of emergency, as well as the

presence of the security forces in black residential areas, are serious

stumbling blocks which the revolutionary forces would dearly like to see dispensed with, and that it why they will leave no stone unturned to change these

things. [changes to English] They will do everything they can to have the

emergency regulations lifted and they will do everything they can to get

political decisions, to get the government, to force the government, to take

a decision to withdraw the SADF from our black cities and towns, because,

while we are there, they cannot do what they want. [end video recording]

/9738

CSO: 3400/836

47
SOUTH AFRICA

DUTCH REFORMED SYNOD'S PRO-GOVERNMENT STANCE

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 29 Oct 86 p 4

[Column by "Gawie": "Synod Lays Groundwork for Break with Afrikaner"]

[Text] The NG Church has sometimes cynically (and no doubt also with a good

deal of malice) been called the "National Party at prayer." By this it is

meant that the Church does not take an independent theological position,

but allows itself to be guided by the National Party and its policies.

Naturally this charge has always been summarily rejected by church people.

No one should be surprised, however, if this accusation is once again made

after the just concluded General Synod of the Church—and this time with

much more credibility. Resolutions taken at the Synod differ considerably

from earlier ones and strongly resemble positions that have since then been

taken by leftwing politicians.

Thus, for example, the Synod no longer takes the position that mixed

marriages are "highly undesirable" (the words of the 1982 General Synod).

Whereas that Synod resolved with a mere 25 or so opposing votes that mixed

marriages were highly objectionable, for the 1986 Synod they are simply a marital

state that may cause "severe stresses." This softened position was, moreover,

approved by a substantial majority.

The layman will want to ask what happened in the course of four years to bring

about this change in position. The only answer is clearly that the

government has in the meantime repealed the Mixed Marriages Act. If there is

any other explanation, it has yet to be put forward.

The synod's position that government decisions that affect the different

"population groups" should be taken after mutual consultations with them

could just as well have been adopted by an NP Congress.

Apartheid is now condemned, but Race, People and nation have declared: "Under

certain circumstances and conditions the New Testament leaves room for

managing the coexistence of different peoples in one country by means of

separate development."

At the 1982 Synod, considerable emphasis was still put on the variety of

peoples that came into existence at the Creation. This time, however, the

48
emphasis was deliberately shifted to the principle of unity and an increasing

disregard of differences of race and color. This complication is very much

in harmony with what has happened in NP policy since 1982.

In one matter, however, the Synod simply jumped ahead of the government. It

declared war on "racism"—right in the tradition of the Afro-Asian bloc at the

UN. This observer wonders whether delegates who voted for that point really

understood that they were mindlessly echoing the radicals and leftists.

Probably not.

The Church's echoing of the government did not, however, begin at the present

Synod. Worrying signs of this have already been visible for quite some time.

By means of its official journal, for example, the Church completely identified

itself with the abolition of job reservation and influx control. (At the

most recent Synod the government was thanked for providing housing for Blacks

in the Western Cape.) The Church furthermore boasted that it pressed the

government to give Blacks a greater say in black local authorities (in white

areas).

Moreover, the Church's official journal has no hesitation in using the

government's propaganda word "reform," which is simply a euphemism for integration.

In April this year the Federal Council of the NG Church declared that

urbanization was a worldwide phenomenon that cannot be halted and that the

"positive value" of urbanization should not be underestimated. This position

is identical with the new position of the NP and has never previously been taken

by the NG Church. The adoption of this position coincided with the sharp

criticism of government policy by the political parties of the right and the

serious concern of many Whites about Blacks overrunning the White areas.

The Church most openly identified itself with the NP earlier this year, however,

when it passed judgment on the disruption of NP meetings. Its official journal

sharply condemned those who had disrupted the meetings and declared that

this sort of behavior was not Christian. Those with a slightly longer

memory immediately pointed out that the journal was entirely silent when

Herstigte Nasionale Party meetings were broken up by supporters and

outright representatives of the NP a decade or more ago. This selective morality

can only be proclaimed on the basis of a scarcely concealed loyalty to the NP.

This observer does not want to think for a moment that the resolutions of

the recent Synod reflect the majority viewpoint in the Church. The

overwhelming majority of church members are doubtless certainly not in favor of

a role for their Church that looks very much like being that of a parrot for a

political ideology.

The reprehensible resolutions were nonetheless adopted and a historic shift

to the left has apparently taken place in the Church's highest policy-making

body. To judge by the voting at the Synod and the angry pronouncements, some

people have also succumbed to a considerable degree of liberalistic

hot-headedness. Those who carried out the grab for power will not rest

until they have gone all the way along the path that must lead to structural

49
unity with the Mission Church. Naturally, anathema will be pronounced on all

forms of separation or individuality in the process.

This path will bring the church leadership into collision with a large

part of the church membership, who are now turning precisely to separateness as

the only means of preserving themselves.

It is to be hoped that sense will intervene in time.

12906/12951

CSO: 3401/37

50
SOUTH AFRICA

DUTCH REFORMED SYNOD'S CONTROVERSIAL STATEMENT ON ISLAM

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 4 Nov 86 p 12

[Editorial: "The Islam Polemic"]

[Text] In the polemic that arose after the General Synod of the NG Church

approved a controversial motion on Islam, it is quite unnecessary to fan

the flames in an already disturbed country. Unfortunately there are

indications that certain groups have set themselves to do precisely that, not

so much to carry on a theological debate as to exploit a delicate situation for

political reasons.

The moderator of the NG Church, Professor Johan Heyns, has already declared

himself ready to meet with Moslem leaders to eliminate any misunderstandings.

In addition, the NG Church has given the assurance in a declaration that the

aim of the motion in question was never to insult the Moslem community.

In a message to a Moslem youth organization in Saudi Arabia, President P W.

Botha has also recently referred to this conciliatory declaration. He

emphasized that the South African constitution protects freedom of religion

and that the government exercises no control over churches in the country.

It was understandable that the motion, as it was formulated, would invite

censure from the Moslem community. Subsequently the NG Church realized this,

however, and put the matter in perspective. The hand of friendship that it

extends ought not now to be slapped away with all sorts of demands and calls

such as that Moslems must always live in a "state of enmity" with the NG

Church.

For decades now, despite profound differences, the Christian religion has lived

in peace with the Moslem religion and church groups with other convictions in

South Africa. There are enough elements trying to make cultural and ethnic

differences between groups into unbridgable gulfs; South Africa cannot afford

to have religious differences also elevated into points of conflict. The

emphasis ought to fall on ways to promote peaceful coexistence, and churches

can play an important part in this.

The opportunity exists to settle the dispute. But it will be difficult to take

full advantage of it as long as certain people and groups want to make religion

into a political football. Responsible leaders in the Moslem community

can make a great contribution to creating a more relaxed atmosphere by

speaking out against such opportunism.

12906/12951

CSO: 3401/37 51
SOUTH AFRICA

CONSERVATIVES' STRUGGLE TO UNITE

Pretoria DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 29 Oct 86 p 14

[Editorial: "Don Quixotes"]

[Text] With much sound and fury, Dr Andries Treurnicht's Conservative Party [KP]

and Mr Jaap Marais's Herstigte Nasionale Party [HNP] have once again thrust

themselves into the spotlight: an attempt at greater cooperation or even

amalgamation has degenerated into a slugging match.

This little game of hatred and rapprochement has been going on for a long

time now, since right after the founding of the KP.

Where do the rightwing parties and groups stand, and of what significance are

they as 1986 draws toward its close?

The answer is dubious. All in all they have not yet contributed one iota to the

attempt at reform in this country.

To look for such a contribution is to expect the impossible, however, because

these people have anachronistically gotten stuck in bygone eras and flatly

refuse to look the realities and signs of the times in the face.

They trade in the politics of emotion and make shift with expressions of hatred

and slogans; they nurse a neurotic suspicion of everything the government does.

Now the question is whether there is any advantage to these parties uniting

rather than viciously mauling each other. The short answer would be that for

South Africa today the very best thing would be for these atavistic appendages

of bygone days to vanish entirely from the scene.

Nonetheless, we think they should unite, even if only for practical purposes.

Then they can advance as one and tilt at windmills.

12906/12951

CSO: 3401/37

52
SOUTH AFRICA

DISINVESTMENT CONSIDERED BENEFICIAL, ISOLATIONISM SEEN AS GOOD

Disinvestment Viewed As Beneficial

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 19 Nov 86 p 7

[Unattributed article: "Disinvestment Beneficial to South Africa"]

[Text] So far only 41 of the 2,874 foreign companies operating in South

Africa have pulled up their tent pegs. Those that we studied had to take such

a step in any case, because the nature of their activities and the goods which

they deal with here were no longer economically justified. General Motors and

IBM—which are experiencing big financial problems in the United States—are

drastically diminishing their foreign representation. IBM has already thrown

in the towel in India and Nigeria. And more will yet follow. In view of the

fact that there are just as many computers in use in South Africa as in most

Western countries—thus quite too many—the departure of IBM and other

entrepreneurs in the field of computers is decidedly advantageous to the

country. Quite a few computers have merely status value and in many cases are

only used as more sophisticated bookkeeping machines. Besides that, the

Japanese have already advanced so far with their computer programs that they

are beginning to make the Americans touchy. We doubt that the Americans are

going to match the Japanese. Japan is after all the birthplace of the

commercial transistor and electronics industry and the place where the

American computer enterprises make their purchases. The Japanese are familiar

with Western inventions and their improvement. However, the big fuss being

made about a few withdrawals by the anti-South African propagandists is

remarkable. Newspapers, especially abroad, are even giving the impression

that it is now the beginning of the end of South Africa.

We are of the opinion that with much greater speed an end should be brought to

the financial and economic colonization of South Africa by foreign countries.

As long as the withdrawal figure does not amount to 2,000, there is little

reason to be content and calm. We calculate that the departure of 2,000

foreign entrepreneurs would save the country at least R3,000 million a year in

foreign exchange and that tax revenues would improve strikingly if the

necessary economic activities were managed by wholly South African

enterprises. There is an old saying which clearly reflects how few

disadvantages nationalization of foreign interests entails for a country: "If

money goes before, all doors lie open." Everything can thus be bought with

53
money and one can get anywhere. As for the technical knowledge about which

there are so many concerns, it should be observed that technology can be

bought and that our own researchers and entrepreneurs are certainly

intelligent enough to imitate necessary products. The needed knowledge can

also be bought. Furthermore, South Africa does not yet need the most advanced

technology.

South Africa has specific economic qualities and powers. The future of our

country's development and growth ought to be sought in them. We do not at all

share the concerns about the need for foreign capital. No Western country was

built up with foreign capital. They generated it themselves. What is needed

are teachers with knowledge, understanding and insight. With minerals and

especially gold at our disposal, we are in all cases still better off than

what any European country has been in the past. It is time for us to start

using ingenuity and for the government to appoint men with imagination,

resourcefulness, spirit of enterprise and knowledge of economic affairs. We

are waiting for disinvestment number 42.

Isolation Seen As Good

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 19 Nov 86 p 7

[Unattributed article: "Isolation Manning? No!"]

[Text] Dispiritedness is gaining ground among the whites as a result of the

influence of the liberal media and the NP propaganda machine. The instillment

of fear of South Africa's isolation is intended to gradually make "reform" and

"change" acceptable to the whites. Brainwashing is the method used. The NP

has now saddled up the wrong political horse and at this stage it has no

choice but to stumble along the disastrous path in spite of the fact that the

pressure continues to increase. This is happening despite all the political

concessions. South Africa is a country which has two important factors

working to its disadvantage, which arouses the frustration and resentnment of

foreign countries. In the first place, foreign countries are to an extent

dependent on South Africa with regard to strategic minerals. Without

chromium, for example, Western industry would come to a standstill within two

years. Secondly, we are feared for our trade potential. We possess raw

materials, labor and a sophisticated infrastructure which, if they were

utilized by a competent government, could be converted into an economic

hitting power that would not have to take second place to Taiwan, South Korea

and others. The West is thoroughly aware of these potential dangers. Slowly

but surely a condition is arising in which the West sees its economic

advantage diminishing as a result of the onslaught of countries in the Far

East and behind the Iron and Bambo Curtains. The West regards South Africa's

isolation as of great economic advantage to it; firstly because South Africa

possesses almost all raw materials and secondly because the Republic is

strategically situated with respect to South America and Asia. Apartheid then

becomes a means by which the screw can be turned against South Africa in a

legal and acceptable manner. Success is in this respect almost assured

because the government has now made a foreign economic colony of South Africa.

As a result of this, the white man almost has no more capabilities to

effectively make use of his built-in commercial powers.

54
How detrimental or dangerous is isolation really? In evaluating this

question, it should be remembered that firstly the Jews today, in spite of the

problems of the Second World War, buy predominantly and preferably German

products; secondly, that communist countries have been kept in isolation by

America and its allies. Isolation, however, kas little influenced their

position. Countries like Romania and Bulgaria can even be called fairly

prosperous. Isolation may even hold quite a few advantages for South Africa.

However, the proviso is that there must be a government in power which can

play the trump cards at its disposal well. Such a government must also stamp

out the corruption which lies at the foundation of the financial manipulations

and economic enterprise by foreign countries. There ought to be no fear of

isolation in itself. The postwar "brotherhood" of nations by this time shows

serious discord in its ranks. Isolationism will again soon be accepted as a

deserving policy—just like before the Second World War. A strong feeling is

even again developing among the Americans to return to their "own" and seek

their salvation within national frontiers, as was the case before the Second

World War. The reason is that the Americans have even acquired more animosity

than South Africa. The withdrawal of multinationals is already noticeable

everywhere in the world. The economic necessity for this is also clear. If

the Americans want to still guarantee a measure of prosperity for their

population, the borders must gradually be closed to overseas competition—

competition which America can no longer match, as their incredible, sustained

and rising trade deficits over the past few years prove.

We want to again stress the fact that neither disinvestment nor a measure of

isolation can do South Africa much harm. We have believed and written for

years that the very departure of most foreign enterprises and isolationism

would be instrumental in letting things happen which are needed in order to

again be able to take the reins in our own hands in an economic sense. A

people who have risen out of the ashes of the [Boer] War of Independence

should definitely not be afraid of the gossip of freetraders, leftists,

liberals and communists. All four of these groups are each trying in their

own way to break the spirit of the white man and make the country subordinate

to their own interests. Even the loss of a few thousand persons who move to

Australia and Canada ought to please us rather than make us pessimistic. Who

is not with us should move. We regard that as a blessing. Also remember that

a measure of isolation is necessary for the development of our patriotism,

zeal and feeling of national unity.

13084

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55
SOUTH AFRICA

MARAIS TFT.TS TPEURNICHT TO UNITE OR FACE * FIGHT

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 19 Nov 86 p 4

[Editorial: "A More Open Mind"]

[Text] A letter last week from Mr Jaap Marais to Dr Andries Treurnicht

indicated how the CP delivered an ultimatum to the HNP stating that the two

parties must become one party before the next parliamentary session, or else

the CP will contest the HNP. With a view to this, the CP unilaterally called

a "unification meeting" for 24 January 1987. It was therefore an absolute

demand—a single rightist party which must come into being on 24 January, so

the CP does not fight the HNP. A CP spokesman even told the press that the CP

will disband on that occasion in order to be absorbed into the party to be

founded. The HNP rejected the idea of an instant party on reasonable grounds

and still stood by its position that a cooperation agreement must be reached

against the Botha regime, while a process of coalescence toward unity is

promoted through cooperation. In other words, the HNP's position was that a

united front, which must become a unity movement, should come about.

"Coalescene" and "unity movement" are one and the same thing, though. It was

therefore extremely surprising that shortly after the announcement of the

difference between the two parties on this matter, Dr Treurnicht—as leader of

the CP—did not at all talk about "unification," "one party" or "unity

congress" at a public meeting. These were the words in the ultimatum sent to

the HNP and which led to the breaking of relations between the two parties.

Instead of repeating the ultimatum and these words, Dr Treurnicht used the

words "united front" and "unity movement" as being the CP's position in

connection with mutual relations between the parties. With that Dr Treurnicht

abandoned the pressure on one party before the parliamentary session, as well

as the idea of "a unity congress" or "unification congress." Dr Treurnicht's

choice of words is not only a renouncement of the CP's ultimatum which caused

the alienation between the parties, but indeed is an acceptance of the HNP's

position which is disposed against the idea of an instant party and which then

was rejected by the CP.

As was stated here earlier, there is no difference between "a united front"

(Dr Treurnicht's words) and "a cooperation agreement (the HNP's words)." A

united front is definitely not one party, as the CP ultimatum demanded, but a

joining of ranks in a common action, as the HNP advocates. And "a unity

movement" is not a one-time action such as holding a congress according to the

56
CP ultimatum, but, as the word "movement" indicates, it is a contmuousness

which should lead to unity, as is the HNP position. The state of affairs

which has thus arisen is that the CP has caused a serious alienation between

the two parties by its ultimatum that an instant party must be founded, and if

the HNP should not agree to that (as happened), the CP and HNP will contest

each other from now on. But since then the CP has, without expressly

withdrawing this ultimatum, and by a change of words, given up the idea of

forced unity and indeed accepted the HNP position, although couched somewhat

differently. The conclusion to this is that the CP's ultimatum and the idea

of an instant party are now also deemed inadvisable by the CP itself. This is

understandable, for if the CP should perservere with the threat that it will

contest the HNP if the HNP does not agree to instant unification, it would

mean that the parties would oppose each other in a general election.

The result of the by-elections on 30 October last year demonstrated that,

because the CP contested the HNP in Vryburg, it not only had a negative effect

on that outcome, but that the negative influence was also felt m Springs and

Bethlehem. Where Vryburg, Bethlehem and Springs could have quite possibly

been captured from tha "National" Party by a rightist united front, that great

opportunity was missed and rightist cooperation was seriously damaged. If the

CP persists in its threat that it will contest the HNP in a general election,

because the latter does not agree to the proposed instant unity, the negative

result of that will be that the CP will possibly keep only two of its present

seats in the Volksraad and capture two from the NP. And the HNP will possibly

keep its one and win one more. This is the price the CP will have to pay for

an idea which from the very beginning was impractical and unwise and which

now, moreover, has been quietly shoved in the background by the CP leader. It

can be asked in great seriousness whether the CP intends to further the

rightist cause in that way. As Mr Marais said, only the NP will benefit from

the CP approach. It has already been demonstrated many times in the past that

the HNP's position was the correct one every time. This has also been evident

again now in this case. Should there not be a more open mind toward the HNP

on the part of the CP leadership? And should there not be a more genuine

desire for cooperation and less inclination toward tactical maneuvers? This

is not a time for party-politics games.

13084

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57
SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT WDRK PROJECTS EASE HUGE UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 22 Nov 86 p 15

[Article by our political staff: "RSA Now Has Two Million Unemployed"]

[Text] South Africa is now wrestling with one of the greatest unemployment

problems in its history. According to the current figures from the Central

Statistical Service, there are now some 2 million unemployed in South Africa

and the TBVC states (Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda, and Ciskei).

This figure includes the so-called hidden unemployed—those who are

essentially unemployed but do have some part-time earnings.

Dr Piet van der Merwe, director general of the Department of Manpower, says

that according to available information, some 700,000 people are unemployed in

South Africa, excluding the TBVC states. Of these, about 530,00 are blacks,

124,000 Coloreds, 31,000 whites, and 15,000 Indians. Only 130,000 of these

unemployed have registered as unemployed.

In an effort to effectively solve this unemployment problem, the government

has already allocated 885 million rands since the start of the 1985/86 fiscal

year for special job-creation and training programs for the unemployed.

Aid Measures

A spokesman for the Ministry of Manpower who is involved in administering the

entire project says that this effort is one of the largest of its kind ever

attempted by a South African government, in cooperation with the private

sector.

Originally the government earmarked 100 million rands at the start of last

year for job-creation and training programs during the 1985/86 fiscal year.

However, it was so encouraged by the success achieved with the programs in a

relatively short time that in October 1985 it made another 500 million rands

available for job-creation programs.

This money is made available as a special, temporary aid measure to help as

many unemployed people as possible. It is specified that the program is not

to compete with full-time unemployment.

58
For the present fiscal year, only 160 million rands was originally earmarked

for job-creation and 75 million rands for training, but in June another 50

million rands was allocated.

This means that just since the start of the last fiscal year, a total of 885

million rands has been approved in an effort to find an effective solution to

the unemployment problem.

This 885 million rands has been allocated as follows: 480.9 million rands for

job-creation, 196.6 million rands for training, 22 million rands for food aid,

110.5 million rands for small business development, and 75 million rands fox

unemployment insurance.

Good results have already been achieved and:

—A total of 297,867 unemployed were employed on 31 March 1986, and 169,188 on

30 June. During the last fiscal year they worked a total of 26,475,157 mandays, and in the period 1 April-30 June 1986, 10,884,533 man-days.

—A total of 253,168 unemployed received training during the last fiscal year,

and another 85,688 in the period 1 April-30 June 1986.

—A total of 1,064,805 unemployed received food aid.

—A total of 27,818 jobs were created and/or preserved during the last fiscal

year through small business development, and 14,853 in the period 1 April-30

June 1986.

—A total of 98,307 people received unemployed insurance benefits on a

percentage basis.

As for job-creation in Cape Province, various authorities were allocated money

to carry out projects.

The Provincial Administration, for instance, received money for projects that

were carried out by local governments. This includes such things as

beautifying the environment; destroying weeds; providing and improving

recreation facilities and parks; fighting erosion; and constructing and

improving roads, sewerage, and water supply.

Preference was given primarily to projects involving long-term advantages for

communities, but for the sake of a better geographic spread, projects with

short-term advantages were also approved.

A total of 1,100 projects worth 22.5 million rands were approved for 208 of

the 251 local governments in Cape Province. In addition, 365 projects worth 7

million rands were approved for 47 colored local governments.

In black areas the Department of Constitutional Development and Planning

manages projects which are mainly aimed at improving residential areas,

housing, and recreational facilities, as well as water and sewer systems.

59
The Department of Manpower also approved 102 projects in the private sector

worth 4.1 million rands, and this creates work for some 5,000 people. This

includes such things as afforestation and nature conservation and projects by

welfare and missionary organizations.

As for unemployed training in Cape Province, excluding North Cape Province,

more than 76,000 unemployed received training during the 1985/86 fiscal year

at various institutions and at a cost of 12.7 million rands. A total of 65

contractors helped with the training programs.

These people primarily received training in skills such as construction work,

welding, and masonry.

Of the 76,000 unemployed who received training, between 25 and 30 percent

found a job.

According to the spokesman, the Department knows that a considerable number of

those who received training offer their services as painters, masons, and

gardeners individually door to door to earn a living.

Informal Sector

Others enter the informal business sector, and some of the training

contractors help such people to get money for equipment from the Small

Business Development Corporation. Some contractors also provide free posttraining service to such entrepreneurs.

Between 1 April and 30 June 1986, another 45 contracts worth 15.6 million

rands were signed in Cape Province to train more than 52,000 unemployed.

In West Cape Province alone, 48,211 unemployed received training during the

last fiscal year. Seme 25 percent of them were placed in jobs after training.

In the 3 months from April to June 1986, another 31 contracts were signed, and

it is estimated some 20,600 unemployed will receive training before the end of

March 1987.

The government has also decided to use the sum of 5 million rands specifically

for training unemployed in the informal sector.

Courses in such subjects as spinning, weaving, knitting, sewing, and ceramics

will be offered to make it possible for the trainees to open their own little

businesses and enter the informal sector.

So far a contract has been signed to train 500 unemployed for the informal

sector in West Cape Province.

12593

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60
SOUTH AERICA

ENGLISH-SPEAKING UNIVERSITIES UNABLE TO CONTROL DEMONSTRATIONS

Bloemfontein DIE VOLKSBIAD in Afrikaans 19 Nov 86 p 10

[Editorial: "Campus Violence11]

[Text] The impression has become rather widespread—and not only among

Afrikaners—that the administrations of the English-language universities do

not know how to handle political violence, intimidation, and threats on their

campuses. Their liberal tradition prevents them from acting against free

expression, but what is to be done when a certain group prevents others from

expressing their opinions?

Everybody knows that few people can be as intolerant as a liberal. But at

this moment the traditional liberals are being outdone by radicals who not

only shout down speakers and break up meetings but also use intimidation as a

normal argument.

When Dr. Conor Cruise O'Brien, a scholar with a long record proving that he is

no friend of South Africa, was prevented from addressing students at the

Universities of Cape Town and the Witwatersrand because he does not support an

academic boycott of this country, many English-speakers too began to ask what

is going on on these campuses. \

Now the rector of the University of Natal has found it necessary to\establish

a code of conduct to try to combat violence and intimidation. This is clearly

an honorable effort to create a situation in which rational debateX can be

carried on and to protect the individual's right to differ. x

It must therefore be welcomed, but it still remains to be seen if it wHl

work: how will it be applied in practice? Is the university capable of

taking stern action if the code is violated?

Some actions against a student, such as suspension, for instance, will merely

lead to new demonstrations, confrontations, and probably violence. This means

that the university administration will have to take a stand against anarchy,

be ready to kick out probably a fairly large number of students, and be able

to protect lives and property on campus.

61
In the Rand a lively debate is underway about events at the University of the

Witwatersrand, and the rector's handling of affairs has come under fire from

various quarters. It is claimed that non-radical students attend class with

all kinds of weapons in order to protect themselves, and that the university's

security guards are powerless. An organization of black students is often at

the forefront of demonstrations and confrontations, and the university

administration complains in the name of academic freedom if the police should

intervene to prevent violence.

It is not only the name and tradition of a university that are threatened, but

clearly also the safety of human beings. And it appears as though, at least

at Witwatersrand, the university police are not capable of guaranteeing that

safety. Considerable thought will have to be given to the gulf between

handsome ideals and ugly results in practice.

If the Natal code of conduct proves a practical success, something of the sort

should also be considered in Cape Town and Johannesburg as well.

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62
SOUTH AFRICA

INCREASE IN URBANIZATION CALLS FOR HUGE HOUSING PROGRAM

Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 20 Nov 86 p 8

[Article by Andre Potgieter: "More and More Blacks in the Cities. 80,000

Hectares Needed for Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging Area Housing"]

[Text] Bloemfontein—Some 80,000 more hectares—a gigantic area about 40

kilometers long and 20 kilometers wide—is needed in the PretoriaWitwatersrand-Vereeniging area for black housing.

Some 500,000 more housing units are necessary to properly house the roughly 45

percent of the blacks in this country's urban areas who are living in shanties

now.

This is what A. M. Rosholt, the Urban Foundation's non-executive chairman for

residential development and construction, said yesterday outside Bloemfontein.

He delivered the opening speech at the opening of the Kagisong township.

Kagisong is a joint development of the Blomanda Housing Society, a utility

company of the Urban Foundation, the Mangaung City Council, and the

Development Council.

The project will cost about 3.6 million rands to build and develop a total of

512 housing units and four business premises. Some 144 residences are for

lower-income groups. The whole project will provide about 1,250 housing

units.

Rosholt said that only about 32 percent of this country's black population

lives in urban areas, and that the abolition of the Influx Control Act will

result in a greater movement of blacks to the cities.

This will result in a change in living conditions and life style in the

cities. Urbanization of blacks, however, can show the way to greater

exploitation of a city's greatest advantage—its human potential.

"These is no ready solution to the housing shortage. Smaller housing units

are also not the answer," he said.

63
N. S. Mathobisa, mayor of Mangaung, said that despite the disturbances in

black areas, sales of houses to blacks have risen.

Indications are that by the end of this year some 100,000 houses will already

have been sold to blacks.

12593

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64
SOUTH AFRICA

ENLARGEMENT OF SALDANHA ACADEMY PLANNED

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 10 Dec 86 p 17

[Text] The military academy at Saldanha will be expanded and enlarged in the

future in order to satisfy our greater needs in terms of academically trained

officers in the army, according to a statement made yesterday by Lieutenant

General R.F. Holtzhausen, chief of staff for personnel, at the performance parade of the academy's senior students.

A study project has already been completed, that provides for the expansion of

the existing infrastructure.

Mess Hall

According to Commandant Ertjie Penshorn, the personnel coordinator of the academy, the military academy was originally built to house 60 students. At the

present time 150 students are studying there.

"It is clear that a need exists for a larger infrastructure. This means that

the mess hall will be enlarged, a mechanics' garage will perhaps be built and

living quarters will be expanded if we get more students, ' said Commandant

Penshorn.

According to General Hotzhausen, a few months ago he authorized a wide-ranging

inquiry into the total spectrum of officer training and education.

"I do not want to anticipate the inquiry commission's findings, but it is

clear that the military academy will be playing an increasingly important

role. It is thus necessary to expand the existing infrastructure of the military academy," said General Holtzhausen.

8117

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65
SOUTH AFRICA

NEW DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS AND TECHNOLOGY PRAISED

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 10 Dec 86 p 17

[Text] With the inauguration of the department of economic affairs and technology on 1 December of this year, South Africa has joined the company of nations that have become fully developed technologically.

With this most important step, National President P.W.Botha has revealed the

same penchant for renewal as on the day he inaugurated Krygkor, said Prof

Christo Viljoen, dean of the faculty of engineering of the University of Stellenbosch, yesterday at DIE BURGER's youth leadership conference in Muizenberg.

Prof Viljoen was the guest speaker at the third and last formal session on the

theme of the conference, "Dreams and deeds: the youth's model for a future

South Africa." On that occasion, the matter of an economic and technological

model" was introduced.

Prof Viljoen emphasized the importance of technology as a link between the

economy, science and politics.

Because the economy and technology are so closely interwoven, it was all the

more necessary that they both be united in a single department, the department

of economic affairs and technology.

If South Africa can solve all its political and social problems, it will still

be facing an icy challenge that will determine whether life in this country

will be possible in the future or not: How can the economy evolve and develop

by means of technology?

Prof Viljoen emphasized various aspects of technology to which more attention

must be paid:

1) The more meaningful practical utilization of the results of technological

research;

2) An increase in the technological literacy of the country;

3) The expansion of the technopark concept; and

4) The urgency for South Africa to develop its technology for the needs of Africa and to expand to the point where it can export its technology to other

nations of this continent.

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SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

DET TO REOPEN 24 SCHOOLS—Forty-one of the 60 schools in. the eastern Cape

which were officially closed by the Department of Education and Training

[DET] last year are to reopen on Monday. The remaining 19 have been given

until 2 February to apply to the regional director of the department in Port

Elizabeth for their reopening. If such applications are not received, the

schools will remain closed for the remainder of the year. The regional

director, Mr (Boul Naude) siad in Port Elizabeth that the registration of

pupils at 41 schools had been completed without incident. He praised parents

for their cooperation in facilitating the reopening of the schools. [Text]

[Johannesburg Domestic Service in Afrikaans 1400 GMT 16 Jan 87 MB] /9738

P.W. BOTHA RECEIVES AWARDS—The order of the southern cross and the order for

meritorious service was handed to the state president Mr P.W. Botha at the

first cabinet sitting of the year in Cape Town this morning. The chairman of

the advisory council for orders and former state president, Mr Marais Viljoen,

handed the orders to Mr Botha. Mr Viljoen is the patron of the orders. The

orders were rewarded for exceptional achievements in the interest of both the

country and the broad public. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in

English 1600 GMT 21 Jan 87 MB] /9738

CSO: 3400/836

67
SOUTH AFRICA

TUTU SAYS CHURCH WILL SUPPORT 'JUST WAR'

MB161215 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1211 GMT 16 Jan 87

[Text] Johannesburg, 16 Jan (SAPA)—The church could eventually be faced

with a position where the violent overthrow of the government was the lesser

of the two evils, the Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town, Archbishop Desmond

Tutu, said today. However, he still believed there was an outside chance of

a "reasonably peaceful resolution" of the South African conflict, he told a

press conference at his Johannesburg home. Archbishop Tutu was speaking on

his return from an Australian tour, during which he was accused in a television interview of promoting violence.

He said the church had supported armed struggle against Adolf Hitler in World

War II as a lesser evil than that of the Nazi holocaust. This example could

be applied to South Africa. If all non-violent efforts to achieve a solution

failed, the church would have no option but to support violence. "That is the

position of the church. If we get to a point where efforts for pressure on the

government and private enterprise to move so thfiy go into a situation of

negotiation, and those (efforts) fail, then the criteria for a just war will

have been fulfilled," he said. "We will have tried everything non-violent."

"If the system cannot be changed by normal methods then it can be changed by

being overthrown."

He said violent means had been used in the American war of independence and in

the two Boer wars of independence. "But when they (Afrikaners) fight, its

alright. When blacks fight, they (Afrikaners) say no."

Commenting on a planned meeting between the United States Secretary of State,

Mr George Shultz, and the President of the African National Congress, Mr Oliver

Tambo, Archbishop Tutu said he hoped the U.S. Government was aware of the mood

of the American people. U.S. citizens had made their position on South Africa

quite clear through their support for sanctions against Pretoria and other

anti-apartheid actions. "I salute the young people of America and especially

the grass-roots anti-apartheid organizations."

For its own sake, the U.S. administration needed to change its policy on

South Africa, he said. Archbishop Tutu said the U.S. could be increasing its

contacts with the ANC "because it (the U.S.) is worried what history will have

to say about them. It will judge them harshly unless they change their

attitude of lip-service opposition to apartheid."

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SOUTH AFRICA

TUTU URGES PFP WITHDRAWAL FROM PARLIAMENT

MB161155 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1150 GMT 16 Jan 87

[Text] Johannesburg, 16 Jan (SAPA)—The Progressive Federal Party should withdraw from parliament and prove to the world that South Africa was not a

parliamentary democracy, Archbishop Desmond Tutu said today. The Anglican

archbishop of Cape Town told a press conference in Johannesburg on his return

from an Australian visit that the state president, Mr P.W. Botha, would have

proved "absolutely nothing" if his party were returned to power with a big

majority in the coming election.

"The PFP ought to get out of this charade and make it clear that we do not

have what the world seems to think we have—parliamentary democracy. Because

we do not have it, if 70 percent of the population do not have the vote,"

Archbishop Tutu said. The forthcoming election for whites was a "total nonevent," he added. "What does (President) Botha want to prove? Does he want

to emulate his predecessor and use the United States as a scapegoat to tell

his people, give me the mandate I want to do what I don't know?" If the PFP

resigned from parliament and the National Party were returned with as much as

a 70 percent majority, Mr Botha would have proved "absolutely nothing," the

archbishop said.

Archbishop Tutu said the world was becoming aware that the South African

Government was not interested in negotiation. The government had wasted

numerous opportunities for negotiation, snubbing the Commonwealth Eminent

Persons Group and disregarding pleas from Archbishop Tutu and the SA Catholic

Bishops conference. "It is clear they don't want negotiation, or they want it

only on their own terms."

Commenting on his visit, he said he had not experienced any anti-South African

or anti-white feeling among Australians. "But there was an anti-injustice

and an anti-apartheid feeling. I wish this could be conveyed to white South

Africans—the world cares enormously for them and is waiting to embrace South

Africa the minute it drops apartheid."

69
Archbishop Tutu said he was saddened by his observation that most white

South Africans enjoyed being "put in a cocoon of ignorance" about events in

their country. "The day they emerge from that cocoon will be a day of a very

rude awakening," he said.

Commenting on a controversial interview with Australian broadcaster Alan Jones

and reports that he had lost his mitre, the archbishop said such reports were

meant to discredit him. Even if they were true, however, this did not diminish

the evil of apartheid but only served to fault him as a man. "All they have

to do if they want to discredit me is just produce the evidence (that what

I am saying is not true). Just produce the evidence, say, that there are no

children in detention and let the people judge for themselves. The people in

the world are maybe more intelligent than others."

He said he had generally received good press coverage and most newspapers

had written editorials critical of Mr Brian Ruxton, the president of the

Australian Returning Servicemens League, who was quoted as saying the archbishop was a "witch doctor."

Jones, a one-time senior adviser to the former Australian prime minister,

Mr Malcolm Fräser, and a top rugby coach, accused Archbishop Tutu in a television interview of actively promoting violence.

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70
SOUTH AFRICA

INKATHA RESOLUTIONS ON ELECTIONS, INDABA, BUTHELEZI

MB181005 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0931 GMT 18 Jan 87

[Text] Ulundi, 18 Jan (SAPA)—Inkatha's central committee resolved today to

call on all white political parties to put South Africa first in contesting

seats in the forthcoming general election. It also decided to remind them that

only a multiracial response to the country's problems had any possibility of

succeeding and to call on them not to make black political aspirations "sticks

with which to beat each other."

The national cultural liberation movement's top executive body called on its

president, KwaZulu Chief Minister Mangosuthu Buthelezi, to do all he could to

make the voice of black South Africa heard during the whites-only election

campaign. He was asked to remind whites that the only hope for the future lay

in translating what the committee called "the already irreversible total interindependence between black and white in the economic sphere" into meaningful

political interdependence.

The central committee recorded its deep dismay at the continued vilification

of Chief Buthelezi by the external ANC and "its internal surrogates." It was

concerned, it said, that South Africa might rapidly be approaching that point

in history where the divisiveness of such attacks against Inkatha and its

president could be eradicated only by violent confrontation. It expressed

increasing awareness of the fact that Inkatha's "God-given right" to defend

its objects and tactics was being deliberately misconstrued against others.

And it added: "We express the fear that the attacks against our president

and the misconstruing of Inkatha's intentions and integrity will ultimately

lead to defence turning into attack."

In another resolution, the committee requested its president and its secretarygeneral, Dr Oscar Dhlomo, to pursue all avenues of discussing the KwaZulu-Natal

Indaba proposals and their implications with South Africa's major black,

coloured, Indian and white groupings. It decided to establish a sub-committee

to prepare an assessment of the Indaba proposals to be laid before this year's

Inkatha annual general conference and the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly. All

Inkatha leaders were urged not to prejudice any possible endorsement of the

71
Indaba proposals by pronouncing on them prematurely or by speaking on them in

the name of Inkatha before the organization's democratic decision-making

procedures had had time to assess them.

The committee also appealed to white political parties not to make the Indaba

proposals "a political football for party-political gain" during the coming

election.

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SOUTH AFRICA

BUTHELEZI SEEKS BROAD SUPPORT FOR INDABA

MB202015 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1711 GMT 20 Jan 87

[SAPA PR Wire Service: Issued by Chief Minister's Office, Ulundi]

[Text] Ulundi, Tuesday—Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi today made an urgent

plea for leaders of South African business, mining, banking, and industry

to throw their full weight behind the KwaZulu/Natal Indaba proposals. He

also warned that the Indaba would die if its conditions of survival were

his acquiescence to the present constitution and to the regional services

councils.

Chief Buthelezi told a meeting with representatives of the Durban metropolitan

chamber of commerce here that the Indaba proposals represented the kind of

politics which would ultimately lead to national consensus between blacks

and whites. No developing country anywhere in the Third World was more

propitiously placed to develop the kind of democracy which could be held up

as ideal, the KwaZulu chief minister and Inkatha president said.

Only the lunatic right could conceive of any reversing of the dynamic process

which had brought about the total economic interdependence between black and

white. Politically, the options were either to destroy this fact of South

African life by means of a bloody Marxist revolution or to translate

economic interdependence into political interdependence.

Chief Buthelezi said there was too much talk about the need to include the

ANC mission in exile in every possible move towards solving the country's

problems. This elevated the ANC into a position in which it would continue

to dictate what could and could not be done. While he had always argued

that every political group should be able to participate in the final

solution to South Africa's problems, this was different from the statement

that there could be no solution without any one group participating. Those

who championed the need to talk to the ANC were blissfully unaware of what

the organisation was doing in instructing its members and sympathisers inside

the country. He saw no evidence anywhere in the world which justified the

thought that a militant revolutionary movement in exile would lay down its

arms to join in peace initiatives. Their sole aim was to return from exile

to form a government and the ANC was no exception. Everything it did was done

to establish itself as the government in a one-party Marxist state.

73
Business leaders could not be adjudicators and emissaries in the circumstances

which the ANC itself was creating—they must ultimately back one or the other

horse and back it fully. Nowhere else was there a greater need for such

backing than in the politics of the KwaZulu/Natal Indaba which he and his

colleagues were now studying. Every business leader and all organised mining,

banking, commerce and industry should right now begin directing their considerable influence at Mr P.W. Botha and at Mr Chris Heunis, before whom the

Indaba proposals had been laid.

Chief Buthelezi also warned that the Indaba's politics would be sorely

tested by "the foisting on black and white in this region of South Africa"

of the regional services councils. "These are being foisted on us by whites,

and white business leaders now need to tell the government very clearly that

the politics of prescription must end," he said. "The Indaba will not survive

if its conditions of survival are my acquiescence to the present constitution

and the regional services councils."

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SOUTH AFRICA

STUDY SHOWS GROWING BLACK INTEREST IN SOCIALISM

MB171019 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1014 GMT 17 Jan 87

[Text] Johannesburg, 17 Jan (SAPA)^-An in-depth study into the changing

attitudes of black South Africans toward the U.S. has revealed the growth

of anti-capitalist sentiment and a growing interest in socialism among blacks.

The study was conductid by Mr David Hirschmann while a fellow at Rhodes

University, Grahamstown. His findings were released yesterday.

Mr Hirschmann set out to determine what lessons South African blacks learned

from 25 years of domestic and foreign policy experience of independent Africa,

what their attitudes were towards the U.S. and how the current prolonged

period of crisis was affecting those attitudes. He found everyone "seemed

agreed" that the elimination of white rule would end the difficulties being

experienced. One person claimed South Africa was "tied to the apron strings of

America and the United States was pulling strings to destabilize the subcontinent."

The extent of anger towards President Ronald Reagan, he reported, was "broad

and deep." The antagonism had not been translated into a pro-Soviet foreign

policy posture.

Mr Hirschmann said anti-capitalist sentiment, and the interest in socialism

did not seem to have much to do with the African National Congress or the make

up of the ANC executive. "It seemed to be based on internal experiences and

internal assessments, and also on the close links between the South African

Government and capitalist countries," he wrote.

The control of the media by the South African Government, he said, affected

the way black South Africans looked at the world. In most instances it had

the opposite effect of that intended. Educated black South Africans, he said,

distruct the media imensely.

He said black South Africans had little romanticism about the African

experience.

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75
SOUTH AFRICA

KWAZULU ASKS TEACHERS TO SIGN 'LOYALTY PLEDGES'

MB161649 Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 16-22 Jan 87 p 2

[Article by John Gültig]

[Excerpt] KwaZulu teachers who return to school next week are being asked to

sign "loyalty pledges" before the start of the new term.

Thousands of teachers employed by the KwaZulu Department of Education and

Culture have been sent "declarations" to sign if they intend teaching for the

department this year. The declaration asks teachers to solemnly declare

that they will never "in word or deed vilify, denigrate, or speak in contempt"

of KwaZulu Chief Minister Mangosuthu Buthelezi, members of his cabinet or the

KwaZulu Government.

The KwaZulu education secretary, Dy Zimu, has denied that the pledge could be

used to week out opponents of Inkatha. "It is not compulsory, it is not a

condition for employment and allegations that teachers who don't sign the

pledge will be dismissed are laughable," Zimu said.

"The Department of Education and Culture is party-blind. We don't know who is

Inkatha or who is UDF. All we expect is that teachers are loyal, do their jobs

and obye orders."

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76
SOUTH AFRICA

VENDA DENIES DETAINED CLERGYMAN ON HUNGER STRIKE

MB161228 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1229 GMT 16 Jan 87

[Text] Pretoria, 16 Jan (SAPA)—Reports that a prominent churchman held by

Venda security police was on a hunger strike were not true, the Venda Embassy

here said today.

The embassy said in a release that Dean Tehenuwani Simon Farisani was detained

by the Venda security police on 22 November last year. "On the 24th of

November 1986 there were discussions held between Dean Farisani's family and

the security police concerning the provision of food to the detainee by the

family.

"From that date the family constantly brought him food on a daily basis until

15 January 1987 when his wife, Mrs Reginah Farisani, brought him organe juice

and yogurt," the statement said.

"Newspaper reports that Dean Farisani is on a hunger strike are not true.

That is propaganda which his wife had decided to conform by bringing him

orange juice and yogust instead of proper food. [no end quotation marks as

received]

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77
SOUTH AFRICA

UDF, AZAPO PARDON 'INFOR SONG' SINGERS

MB231757 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1754 GMT 23 Jan 87

[Text] Johannesburg, 23 Jan (SAPA)—No violent action will be taken against

five black singers who participated in the Bureau for Information song. Other

participants who condemn the song and repay to charity the money they earned

will also be spared, a meeting of artists and community organizations resolved

today.

The five artists—Steve Kekana, Babsy Mlangeni, Blondie Makhene, Vusi Shange

and Sidwell Banjo Nhleko—were today pardoned by the United Democratic Front

and the Azanian People's Organization for their part in the recording

"Together We'll Build a Brighter Future."

The pledged to repay their earnings to a trust fund that would channel the

money to charity.

Spokesman for the SA Musicians Alliance said the meeting in Johannesburg was

called to "resolve the impasse" regarding the info sung.

Two munlcians who participated in the info song—Steve Kekana and Abigail

Khubeka—had their Soweto homes petrol bombed and gutted. A blind man died

in one house.

Mr Aubrey Mokoena of the UDF's Release Mandela Campaign and AZAPO's Mr Muntu

Myeza, in a joint statement condemned "black-on-black" violence. "You do not

castigate your brother because he has leprosy," the statement said.

A deadline of 31 January has been set for other artists who participated in

the song to come forward and publicly apologize.

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SOUTH AFRICA

CISKEI REFUSES TO GUARANTEE SAFETY OF TRANSKEIANS

MB252015 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2007 GMT 25 Jan 87

[Text] East London, 25 Jan (SAPA)—The Ciskei Government warned Transkei

today that it was considering repatriating all Transkeians working in Ciskei,

and that the security of Transkeians "in transit" through Ciskei could no

longer be guaranteed.

The warning was contained in a statement released by Ciskei's deputy directorgeneral of foreign affairs and information, Mr Headman Somtunzi, in reaction

to "outbursts" against Ciskei by Transkei officials.

"Because of the utterances, Ciskei can no longer guarantee the security of

Transkeians on a visit or in transit through Ciskei, because (Transkei)

statements indicated that a war situation exists between both states," Mr

Somtunzi said.

In the statement, Mr Somtunzi said a special "task force committee" had been

established to consider the repatriation of all Transkeians working in Ciskeiin both the public and private sectors—and would be submitting its report

within a month.

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79
SOUTH AFRICA

COSATU CONDEMNS DETENTION OF UNION OFFICIAL

MB200931 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0930 GMT 20 Jan 87

[Text] Johannesburg, Jan 20, SAPA—The Congress of South African Trade Unions

today condemned the recent detention of general secretary of the South African

Railway and Harbours Workers Union [SARHWU], Mr Nthai Sello, and alleged that

harassment of the union was continuing.

In a statement today to SAPA, COSATU said that their offices in Cape Town

and Johannesburg had been "raided" last week. The statement did not say by

whom the offices had been raided.

It said that black railway workers were "the most exploited and the victims

of severe racialism in the workplace," adding that they were uniting under

the banner of their union to bargain for "decent living wage and working

conditions,"

"Railway workers will take their place alongside other workers in working for

a new South Africa free from the chains of exploitation and apartheid

oppression," the statement said.

"We call for the release of Mr Sello and for recognition by the South African

transport services of the SARHWU as legitimate representative of black

railway workers," the statement from COSATU concluded.

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SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

INDABA AS ELECTION ISSUE—The Chief minister of KwaZulu, Chief Buthelezi,

has told the Central Committee meeting of Inkatha at Ulundi that it would

be unfortunate if the issue of the Natal-KwaZulu Indaba is dragged into the

coming general election. Chief Buthelezi, president of Inkatha, said this

would make it easy for the government to treat the Indaba as a petty political

issue. He also warned delegates to prepare for hard times because of what

he called the intransigence of the government in initiating meaningful reforms

on the one hand and opposition from radical organizations with the ANC in the

forefront on the other. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English

0500 GMT 18 Jan 87] /8309

CISKEIANS URGED TO LEAVE TRANSKEI—The Government of Ciskei has informed all

Ciskeian citizens who are working and living in Transkei to report back to

Ciskei within the next month. The deputy director of. foreign affairs-and

information of Ciskei, Mr Somtunzi, said the Ciskeian Government will assume

that they have forfeited their citizenship if they do not report back within

the month. He said that employment and housing will be available to Ciskeian

citizens returning from Transkei. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in

English 1600 GMT 26 Jan 87 MB] /9738

BVC SIGN EXTRADITION ACCORD—Pretoria, 23 Jan (SAPA)--A comprehensive extradition agreement has been entered into by South Africa, Bophuthatswana, Venda and

Ciskei, according to a government gazette proclamation in Pretoria today. The

agreement was closed by cabinet ministers from the four states in Pretoria on

20 November last year. Transkei is the only "independent" national state

which has not entered into the agreement. The convention contains a proviso

for states to refuse extradition for an offense which is considered political.

Justice Minister Mr Kobie Coetsee signed the agreement on behalf of South

Africa. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1733 GMT 23 Jan 87 MB] /9738

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81
SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY NOTES RACIAL PROBLEMS FACING U.S.

MB280519 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 28 Jan 87

[Station commentary]

[Text] It is one thing for an American citizen—or anyone of conscience anywhere—to be concerned about racial injustice. It is quite a different matter

when the government of a country that has failed singally in resolivng its own

relatively minor racial problems presumes to dictate to another. Events during

the past week draw attention once again to the moral speciousness of the

American view that it can impose, through sanctions, its conditions for

political solutions in South Africa. They also highlight the practical risks.

For a country faced with the challenges of resolving peacefully far more complex problems of race and socioeconomic development, simply acquiescing in

the demands would be foolhardy in the extreme.

The perception that American racial problems were more or less sorted out

after the civil rights campaign of the sixties is one with which few American

blacks would agree. Organizers of a civil rights march held in Georgia at the

weekend—to protest against racial violence—were taken by surprise when

25,000 people from around the country turned up to take part. The march, marred

by violence from spectators and over 60 arrests, took place in a town that has

barred blacks since 1912. Two days earlier the National Urban League had presented a grim picture in its annual report titled "the state of black America."

According to league President Mr John Jacob, black Americans entered 1987

besieged by the resurgence of raw racism, persistent economic depression, and

the continued erosion of past gains. The report noted that per capita black

income in 1985, (when it reached a record level) was some 60 percent of white

income.

In fact that overall average makes the situation look even better than it is.

Twenty years after victory in the civil rights struggle, the number of blacks

living below the poverty line is three times that of whites and black unemployment is twice as high. Continuing social distress and tensions in the small

black minority are reflected in the prison population—4 times higher than the

national average—and a high school dropout rate of between 30 and 50 percent.

In most of these and other areas there has been little or no change in the past

20 years.

82
Obviously there are diverse reasons for the disruptions, alienation, and racism

that continue to plague America's black minority. By the same token, however,

the mere implementation of a set of idealistic political answers has not had

the qulckfix results its advocates expected. The United States is a long way

from finally resolving the inequities that affect 12 percent of its population.

And it is a longer way still from coming up with the answers that will entitle

it to prescribe to South Africa.

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83
SOUTH AFRICA

PFP MEMBER DISCUSSES RETURN TO PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL

MB210842 London BBC World Servir.fi in English 0709 GMT 21 Jan 87

[From the "24 Hours" program]

[Text] In South Africa, the official opposition party, the Progressive Federal

Party, has ended its boycott of the South African President's Council. Members

of the PFP walked out of the meeting of the multiracial advisory body last

November when the government deferred a debate on a council report recommending

sweeping changes to the Group Areas Act. This act, which governs where South

Africans may live and work, remains a cornerstone of the apartheid system, but

the council's recommendations have still not been debated. So, Anna Parkinson

asked one of the PFP members on the council, James Reddy, in Cape Town, why

his party had decided to go back.

[Begin recording] [Reddy] There are basically two reasons why we have decided

to return. The first is that in the interim, an election has been announced.

The date hasn't yet been affixed, but we have been told there will be an election. And secondly, the emergency regulations increased early in November. It

is a virtually complete information blackout on certain aspects of life in

South Africa, and the President's Council, together with Parliament, are the

only remaining institutions of free speech where one can actually tell the

people what is happening in South Africa. So, we felt it was important to return for those two reasons.

[Parkinson] Have you then achieved anything by withdrawing from the council,

do you think, if you consider it important—which you obviously do—to participate both in the elections and the political process of the council?

[Reddy] Yes, well, the protest was merely to highlight our displeasure. It is

sometimes necessary to take that tyep of a stance, and then more people are

aware of the manipulation by government (?in) the President's Council and, in

that way, we were able to highlight the fact that the government was not prepared to table the findings of the constitutional committee on the Group Areas

Act, obviously because they had already planned the election and they didn't

want that report tabled and debated before the election.

[Parkinson] You said that you intend to force discussions of the Group Areas

Act?

[Reddy] That is correct.

84
[Parkinson] How are you going to be able to that when you yourself (?were

forced to) withdraw?

[Reddy interrupting] Well, we can do that in two ways: We can't force them to

table the report, because it has not been referred back to the constitutional

committee, but we can and we have tabled a motion which will come up at the

next plenary session of the President's Council to discuss their reason for

referring it back to the constitutional affiars. So, we can discuss it in

that context if they allow debate. Secondly, the Economic Affairs Committee

is looking at other problems facing South Africa, and it's quite obvious that

the Group Areas Act also plays a major part in impeding progress and development in the economic sphere. The very severe effect of the Group Areas Act on

housing, and lack of housing and the economy in general, those are matters that

are very, very pertinent and important in South Africa today. So, we believe

we will be able to debate the Group Areas Act when that report is tabled,

[end recording]

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SOUTH AFRICA

UWUSA COMMENDS DECISION IN FAVOR OF MOZAMBICAN MINERS

MB161005 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0952 GMT 16 Jan 87

[Text] Johannesburg, 16 January, SAPA—The United Worker's Union of South

Africa [UWUSA] commended the minister of manpower, Mr Piet de Plessis, on

his decision to allow an estimated 30,000 Mozambican mineworkers to remain

in their jobs.

"Although it remains our belief that the interest of the South African

worker should be paramount, we would be unfair not to consider the interest

of Mozambican workers who have entered the country legally and who have contributed to the South African economy over many years," an UWUSA statement

said.

An UWUSA delegation met Mr du Plessis and the minister of foreign affiars,

Mr Pik Botha, to appeal for the rescinding of the decision to ban Mozambicans.

UWUSA was also disturbed by aspects of the coal mining sector, the statement

added. Some petrol companies with interests in coal mining were undercutting

prices of other South African coal exporters, UWUSA claimed.

"This is being done despite the fact that South African coal is the cheapest

coal on the international market. It is effectively the mineworkers who is

(correct) subsidising the discounts that these companies are offering. "Not

only is (correct) the mineworkers paying for the discount, but the country

is effectively earning less in foreign exchange and taxes on these discounted

coal exports."

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SOUTH AFRICA

EGLIN RESHUFFLES PFP SHADOW CABINET

MB201625 Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Jan 87 p 4

[Brian Stuart]

[Text] Cape Town—Progressive Federal Party leader, Mr Colin Eglin, has reshuffled his "shadow cabinet" following the change in Mr Botha's Cabinet at

the end of last year.

A major change is Mr Eglin's appointment of Mr Brian Goodall, MP for Edenvale,

as PFP defence spokesman in place of Mr Philip Myburgh, who is not seeking reelection this year.

Mr Goodall was previously PFP spokesman on mineral and energy affairs.

Mr Eglin had relinquished his leadership of the PFP's foreign affairs group

in favour of the party's Natal chairman, Mr Ray Swart.

The alternative spokesman on foreign affairs will be Mr Peter Gastrow, MP for

Durban Central, and the party's national chairman.

Mr Eglin said he would concentrate personally on teh Department of the State

President and on his overall responsibilities as leader of the official opposition [word indistinct].

Mr Graham Mclntosh, MP for Pietermartizburg North, takes over the protfolio

of education and development aid from Mr Swart. Mr Peter Soal, MP for

Johannesburg North, becomes alternate spokesman.

In the cabinet reshuffle, the former Department of Trade and Industries

and the Departmetn of Mineral and Energy Affairs, had been amalgamated as the

new Department of Economic Affairs and Technology.

Mr Andrew Savage (Walmer) and Mr Roger Hulley (Constantia) remain spokesmen

on trade and industry, deregulation and privatisation.

Mr John Malcomess (PE, Central) will be spokesman on mineral energy and on

tourism, with Mr Hulley as his alternate.

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SOUTH AFRICA

PFP'S EGLIN REJECTS TUTU CALL FOR WITHDRAWAL

MB170442 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2158 GMT 16 Jan 87

[Text] Cape Town 16 January SAPA—The leader of the Progressive Federal Party,

Mr Colin Eglin, today rejected a plea by Archbishop Desmond Tutu for the PFP

to withdraw from parliament and prove to the world that South Africa was not

a parliamentary democracy. The Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town was speaking

at a news conference in Johannesburg on his return from a visit to Australia.

He said the state president, Mr P.W. Botha, would prove "absolutely nothing"

if his party were returned with a big majority in the coming election.

Mr Eglin said the PFP was convinced that "at this stage of our country's history, it must use the base which it has in parliament to fight the Nationalists

and to oppose and expose the policies and the excesses of Mr Botha's government. I believe the PFP can show that in spite of the government's propaganda

machine there is growing support among the white electorate for a non-racial

and democratic South Africa."

At the news conference at his Johannesburg home, Archbishop Tutu said: "The

PFP ought to get out of this charade and make it clear that we do not have

what the world seems to think we have—a parliamentary democracy." The archbishop said the world was becoming aware that the government was not interested

in neogtiation. However, he still believed there was an outside chance of a

"reasonable peaceful resolution" of the South African conflict.

If the PFP resigned from parliament and the National Party were returned with

as musch as 70 (percent) majority, Mr Botha would have proved "absolutely

nothing," the archbishop said. "We will have tried everything non-violent."

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SOUTH AFRICA

STAR TO IDENTIFY CENSORED, SUPPRESSED REPORTS

MB161629 Johannesburg THE STAR in English 16 Jan 87 p 1

[Text] When more stringent restrictions on the press were gathered on

11 December last year it was generally accepted by lawyers and journalists that one vague and badly worded clause prevented newspapers from

identifying which particular reports had been censored.

Accordingly, THE STAR—in the interests of keeping its readers as informed

as possible—began publishing the following general statement: "This newspaper may have been censored. We are not permitted to say where, how or

to what extent."

Now closer analysis of the tortuous clause had led legal adivsers to

conclude it is legal, after all, to tell readers that a particular report

has been censored.

Since THE STAR believes it is necessary to convey the maximum information

possible ti will henceforth return to the practice of telling readers which

reports have been censored and recording when reports have had to be

supressed altogether.

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SOUTH AFRICA

KWAZULU-NATAL PLANNING COUNCIL MAKES RECOMMENDATIONS

MB271826 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1733 GMT 27 Jan 87

[Text] Cape Town 27 January SAPA—The Kwazulu/Natal Planning Council which was

established in 1984 to investigate ways of improving the quality of life of

blacks in Kwazulu and Natal today handed its final report to the Kwazulu and

South African Governments.

The chairman of the council, Bishop A.H. Zulu, handed the report to the minister of development aid, Dr Gerrit Viljoen and the minister of constitutional

development and planning, Mr Chris Heunis, in Cape Town. In Ulundi in Kwazulu,

the vice chairman of the council, Professor J.L.W, de Clerq, handed the report

to the chief minister of Kwazulu, Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi and his cabinet.

In a joint statement, Mr Heunis and Dr Viljoen, said the contents of the report

were confidential and a decision on its publication would be taken after consultation between the South African and Kwazulu Governments. The recommendations

contained in the report would receive urgent attention.

Bishop Zulu said the final report was the result of extensive participation

of both the black and white communities in the Durban and Pietermaritzburg

areas and was a sincere attempt to bring the immediate needs of blacks into

focus and to alleviate their most severe problems over the 5 years.

"Since the proposals are based on very conservative population projections for

only the next 5 year period, it must be considered the absolute minimum that

will be required in the immediate future."

He said the report dealt essentially with the upgrading of existing townships

and the development of new ones and associated costs.

"The council is aware that the administration of Kwazulu-Natal is currently

being reviewed by the two governments and submits these recommendations to

serve as inputs to the review process," he said.

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SOUTH AFRICA

NRP LEADER DISCUSSES ELECTION PACT WITH PFP

MB280516 Johannesburg Television Service in English 1830 GMT 27 Jan 87

[Interview with New Republic Party NRP leader Bill Sutton by Freek Robinson

in Cape Town on the "Network" Program on 27 January—recorded]

[Text] [Robinson] Mr Sutton, the agreement that you have reached with the

Progressive Federal Party caused people to leave your party and it is said that

it was actually the last nail in the coffin of your party and that you are just

waiting for the burial at the election. What is your assessment?

[Sutton] My answer to that is that we have been written off and buried so

many times the pain is beginning to wear off now. The arrangement that we have

made with the PFP is something which is designed to keep our party in business.

We knew that when we made the arrangement there would be a reaction among our

members. I think that our members who have left us and gone to the government

party have made a very serious mistake both politically and historically, because quite honestly, the present party divisions in white politics are just

evidence of gister politiek [politics of the past]. It is really the old divisions the old things that used to divide us, and nobody has really yet zeroed

in and fixed on what the new South Africa is going to look like.

[Robinson] All right, let us speak on principles then. Can you justify on

principle your agreement with the PFP?

[Sutton] Totally. We have been going out for the last year and a half looking for a coalition of moderates across party lines and across color lines, and

in the course of that search we have been across the country. We actually put

together a meeting on Saturday which included a number of black people together

with us in Pretoria where we were actively pursuing this objective, and past

of the objective, naturally, is to include white political parties, among

them the PFP. And when you talk about what is going to happen after the election, the objective of this party is to say that after this election has been

fought, there should come into being a coalition of people in government which

includes members of the present government and ourselves and the PFP, right

across the color line to include blacks in this parliament, and that to my mind

is a stand on principle. As far as we are concerned, reform does not begin

until you have blacks in this parliament. The object of reform is not, and

the end objective of reform is not, to include blacks in parliament, but reform

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begins when blacks are included in this parliament, and for that reason we

regard what we have done as merely part of the strategy that we have adopted:

to change the ou [old] gister politiek that you saw exemplified to such an

extent in the Skilpad Hall in Pretoria on the same day as our meeting was being

held to activate a movement for the inclusion of blacks in parliament. Now you

could not have two greater contrasts in white politics than what was happening

there on Saturday in Pretoria, and I regard our activity and our action as

far as the PFP is concerned as totally consistent with what we have been doing

for more than a year and a half.

[Robinson] But at the same time, Mr Sutton, some of your old MP's such as Mr

Vause Raw and Mr Brian Page have said categorically that they are not prepared

to actually support you in this, and Mr Raw has even said that he can never go

along with the PFP as far as defense is concerned.

[Sutton] I think there are obviously areas in which we do not agree with the

PFP. We are not marrying them. We are not even jumping into bed with them.

What we are saying is that for the purpose of the election we will not contest

seats with them. It would give seats to the government. And they are equally

saying they would not contest seats with us, which give seats to the government, which happened in the last election. There were a considerable number of

seats the government took because we split the vote, which is an opposition

vote in an opposition seat. There are obviously areas where we do not agree

and they will say exactly the same thing. Mr Eglin made it quite clear that

there are areas where there are points of difference and points where opinions

do not coincide. But I believe that where our members are going into an election we stand on one common basic premise, and that is that reform should take

place in South Africa with the greatest possible expedition, and what we are

hoping to do in this election is to propose a program whereby all our people

will be involved and all members of the opposition will be involved; which

will transcend the party political divisions which I say are simply reminiscences

of the remnants of the gister politiek politics. We are looking for something

new in South Africa and we are making a beginning with it.

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SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY EXAMINES DECLINE ON AFRICAN SOCIALISM

MB260756 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 26 Jan 87

[Station commentary]

[Text] African socialism is on the way out. Throughout the continent farreaching economic reforms are being instituted as the leaders of Africa turn

their backs on the once much admired socialism. There is a noticeable return

to capitalism. That is the evaluation of a correspondent of the German news

Agency, Deutsche Presse-Agentur, writing from Nairobi.

There are good reasons for the growing rejection of African socialism. Take

the case of Tanzania. The philosophy introduced there by Julius Nyerere and

known as Ujima was intended to be the touchstone of African socialism. Within

10 years it had ground to a halt. It was an economic disaster and a human

tragedy in terms of the suffering and misery it had brought to the people of

Tanzania.

Mozambique also introduced wider ranging socialist measures on independence,

including nationalization of the economy and state control of many other

activities such as the medical and journalistic professions. Committees responsible directly to the government kept watch on workers in factories and controlled the production process. Today, 11 years later, the economy of Mozambique is in tatters.

Across the continent in Angola the introduction of socialist measures has left

yet another African country in a state of devastation. Africa, one of its

older statemen has said, is in a mess. Another has said Africa is dying.

But it is not too late to save Africa. The 25 years and more of independence

have taught the people of Africa many lessons. Perhaps the most important is

that political power does not automatically open the door to economic progress

and human advancement. A solid foundation for economic progress must be laid,

and the starting point must be to unshackle the chains of socialism so that the

people can be freed to work and prosper in an environment of free enterprise

and in a free market system. Only when they truly have this freedom will they

be able to enjoy political freedom.

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SOUTH AFRICA

SASJ URGES MEDIA COUNCIL TO RESIST PRESSURES

MB231812 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1803 GMT 23 Jan 87

[Text] Cape Town 23 January SAPA—The Southern African Society of Journalists

[SASJ] today made representations to the Media Council in Cape Town to urge

it not to compromise on press freedom issues during current deliberations between the government, the newspaper industry and itself.

Representatives of the SASJ met the chairman of the council, Mr Justice L.

De V. van Winsen; his alternate, Mr Justice M.A. Diemont, and the conciliator/

registrar, Mr R.C. Steyn, at the offices of the council today.

The SASJ was represented by Pat Sidley, SASJ president; John Allen, national

organiser; Deidre Moyle, Western Cape vice-president; Tony Weaver, CAPE TIMES

chapel father; Hilary Venables, CAPE TIMES deputy chapel father; and Jean

Fiarbairn, ARGUS chapel clerk.

The SASJ presented the following statement to the Media Council representatives :

"Representations made by a delegation of the Southern African Society of

Journalists (SASJ) to the Media Council at a meeting in Cape Town on

23 January 1987.

"We would like to place on the record our views about the talks between the

Media Council, the newspaper industry and the government which, we believe,

could result in further restrictions to the flow of information in the country.

"We stated our concern late last year when the government sought the voluntary

cooperation of the NPU [National Press Union] and the Media Council in restricting the media further.

"The SASJ believes in a non-racial democratic society, a prerequisite of which

is the right of the public to know what is happening in that society. The

public is only able to exercise that right if there is complete freedom of

the media.

"Already South Africa has more than 100 statutory limitations on this freedom,

not to mention the many other restrictions on civil liberties. In addition there

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have been many other factors at work further inhibiting the media. These

include limitations imposed by financial problems and the monopolisation of

the newspaper industry and broadcasting, which reduces diversity of thought

and opinion.

"The states of emergency have curtailed substantially the right of people to

know what is happening around them. We fear that current discussions will

result either in the establishment of new restrictive mechanisms or in the

industry taking over the implementation of existing mechanisms.

"We are particularly concerned that the NPU will agree to some voluntary form

of censorship and that this will involve pressure being brought to bear on

the media council.

"As representatives of the majority of journalists on English-language daily

and Sunday papers—and of many others who may be affected by further restrictions—we believe that neigher the Media Council nor the industry should enter

into further compromises by agreeing to new measures restricting a free flow of

information.

"We would urge the Media Council to resist current pressures and concentrate

on fighting to increase the flow of information. We believe that following any

other course of action will expose the council to charges that it is collaborating in the demise of media freedom."

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SOUTH AFRICA

CATHOLIC CHURCH TO REMAIN INVOLVED IN POLITICS

MB281157 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1153 GMT 28 Jan 87

[Text] Pretoria, 28 January SAPA—The Catholic Church in South Africa would

of necessity remain involved in politics, according to the newly-elected

president of the SA Catholic Bishops Conference, Bishop Wilfrid Napier.

Bishop Napier was elected as the new president in Pretoria last night amid

controversy over the church's political invovlement in South Africa.

"We certainly have no intention of getting involved in party politics,"

Bishop Napier said.

"But I do not see how we as Christian leaders can avoid getting involved in

the issues that affect our society. Life in South Africa is governed by

politics, and we can't withdraw from life."

The controversy was sparked off by the apostolic delegate to South Africa,

Archbishop Jan Mees, who told the plenary session of the conference last

week that the clergy should stay out of politics.

The outgoing president, Archbishop Denis Hurley, subsequently said that he had

asked Pope John Paul II to explain the difference between promoting social

and political morality, and the active pursuit of power.

About 12 Catholic functionaries are currently being detained under the

emergency regulations.

Archbishop Hurley said in a news release today he was very happy about the

conferences choice, and that he would give Bishop Napier all his support.

"Looking back I am gratified that the bishops conference in the last 6 years

has become more and more committed to the task of promoting justice and full

participation of all South Africans in the political, economic and cultural

life of the country.

"In this period our first great involvement was Namibia. After that, with the

new South African Council of Churches, in population removals, and later in

opposition to the new constitution."

96
Bishop Napier, 45, of the diocese of Kokstad, grew up in Matatiele and Ixopo,

Natal.

He was ordained to the priesthood in 1970 after studying in Ireland, and the

Catholic University in Louvain in Belgium.

The conference's general secretariate said in a news release: "Bishop Napier

is well-loved for his friendly disposition and jocular nature.

"At the same time he possesses a sharp mind and impressed influential church

and political leaders throughout Europe while leading a delegation there at

the end of last year."

Bishop Reginald Orsmond, 56, the bishop of Johannesburg, was elected vice

president.

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SOUTH AFRICA

PRESIDENT OF CATHOLIC BISHOPS COMMENTS ON DETENTIONS

MB210713 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0704 GMT 21 Jan 87

[Text] Pretoria 21 January SAPA—Detainees under the present state of emergency could total 25,000, according to the president of the Southern African

Catholic Bishops Conference [SACBC], Archbishop Denis Hurley.

Delivering the final report at the end of his term as president of the SACBC,

at the annual opening of the SACBC's plenary session which starts today, Archbishop Hurley devoted much of his report to the present situation in South

Africa.

He said it had been calculated that "despite many releases about 25,000 (detainees) were being held."

Several Catholic officials are among those still in detention. Among them is

the secretary general of the SACBC, Father Smangaliso Mkhatshwa.

Archibishop Hurley also demanded the pope set out the role of the church in

society in documentary form.

He asked for a "clear distinction" from the pope between the role of sociopolitical action, and that of the mission of the church on earth.

"Religion teaches justice and love—politics has to do with power.

"I want the pope to set it out (the differences) in documentary form," he said

to enthusiastic applause from the gathering which included visitors from other

denominations and Catholic bishops from Lesotho and West Germany.

The apostolic delegate, who conveyed the greetings of the pope to the meeting,

warned that "the church very wisely forbids its clergy from active participation in politics," but also advised that everything possible should be done to

obtain solutions without violence and according to justice.

He said it was the wish of the pope that dialogue between the South African

Government and bishops should continue with "patience and perservp.rence."

The delegation from the SACBC in November met President P.W. Botha. From Archbishop Hurley's report, it seemed the meeting was inconclusive.

98
Archbishop Hurley said it was decided at a special meeting on the state of

emergency in July to send Archbishop Stephen Naidoo of Cape Town to see the

pope to "carry information to the holy father."

Archbishop Hurley indicated in his conclusion that a new leader for the SACBC

would not be appointed during the present plenary session, and that it would

be decided at an extraordinary meeting at a later stage.

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SOUTH AFRICA

COMMISSION REPORTS ON CAPE TOWN CAMPUS DISTURBANCES

MB210737 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0724 GMT 21 Jan 87

[Text] Cape Town 21 January SAPA—To see the problem on the UCT [University

of Cape Town] campus during the 0 Brien visit last year as one arising out of

the intolerance of a group of students was an "oversimplification," the commission of inquiry into events on the campus has found.

"The persons who have been responsible for the distrubances are seen by some

people within the university community as demonstrating intolerance and a

refusal to permit the airing of views other than those that they hold,"

the commissions report said.

"It is true that the objecting students have demonstrated an intolerance which

is contrary to the beliefs held by the university in relation to academic

freedom.

"But to see the problem simply as one arising out of the intolerance of this

group of students is, in our view, an oversimplification."

Laws enacted by the government had inhibited political activities within South

Africa and within the black community in particular.

Political orgnaisations which might, in the perception of some students, reflect the aspirations of the objecting students had been restricted.

It was unlawful for the students to participate in the affairs of these organisations or to have representatives of the organisations come onto the campus to

speak to them, the commission noted.

"Many leaders with whom some of them might identify have gone into exile or are

subject to restrictions which make it impossible for them to speak on the campus," the report continued.

Visitors from abroad whom the^ students might have wanted to invite onto the

campus were "not infrequently" denied visas.

More particularly, in the current state of emergency, severe restrictions had

been imposed on the traditional freedoms of speech, association, assembly and

organisation.

100
"In such circumstances it can be understood that these students would object

to the university providing a platform to leading figures in political organisations to which they are opposed, or to the airing of political views with

which they disagree, [words indistinct] for a platform to be provided to

persons whom... they might wish to hear."

The university was not responsible for the laws which created this situation

and it had made it clear that it was strongly opposed to them.

"But this does not alter the fact that the students find themselves in a situation in which freedom of speech does not exist on the campus," the commission

found.

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SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY EXPLAINS MUGABE HESITANCY TO IMPOSE SANCTIONS

MB210928 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 21 Jan 87

[Station commentary]

[Text] The reason why Prime Minister Robert Mugabe failed to impose economic

sanctions against South Africa by the end of last year, as he said he would,

has not become clear. His lame excuse about his special task force needing

more time to coordinate strategy, is now exposed as a face-saving move. The

fact is that for the past 6 weeks or more, South Africa has been delivering

34,000 tons of fuel to Zimbabwe in order to avert a crisis in the country.

Mr Mugabe could hardly have allowed the imposition of sanctions against South

Africa while this vital consignment of fuel was in the process of being delivered.

This incident illustrates two basic realities of the southern African region.

First, the extent to which the states of the region are dependent on one

another and second, far from being a destabilizing factor, South Africa can

be depended upon as a reliable supplier of goods to its associates. The

stated policy is that it does not believe in sanctions and boycotts and

will therefore not apply them. This together with its policy of cooperation

and peaceful co-existance with its neighbors, has been repeatedly spelled out

by President P.W. Botha and members of his government. This surely is the

only reasonable approach to one's neighbors. South Africa can derive no benefit whatsoever from boycotts or other hostile action against its neighbors,

neither can any other state in the region. On the other hand, the benefits

to be gained from good neighborliness are almost incalculable. South Africa

has demonstrated its willingness to fulfill its good neighborly obligation, and

it is time that more leaders in southern Africa including Mr Mugabe did the

same.

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SOUTH AFRICA

BUTHELEZI ELABORATES ON WARNING ON INDABA PROPOSALS

MB231456 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1452 GMT 23 Jan 87

[SAPA PR Wire Service; Issued by: The Chief Minister's Office, Ulundi]

[Text] Ulundi, Friday—Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi today elaborated on his

weekend warning to white politicians that they could kill the Kwazulu-Natal

Indaba proposals by making them party-political issues in the forthcoming

general election.

He was speaking at the formal handing over of the proposals to the Kwazulu

Government by the Indaba's chairman, Professor Desmond Clarence, and Indaba

co-founders Dr Oscar Dhlomo and Mr Frank Martin.

The Kwazulu chief minister and Inkatha president noted that the Indaba proposals had still to be considered very carefully by InkathaT

s annual genera]

conference and by his government.

He was committed to pursue all avenues for discussing the proposals and their

implications for practical politics with the country's major black, coloured,

Indian and white political groupings.

Chief Buthelezi described the proposals as the "finely-tuned compromise proposals" of those who had attended the Indaba and said that, in politics, compromise positions should always be approached with great caution.

Ultimately, the value of the Indaba proposals had to be tested against the

acceptability to government or by the tenacity with which the organisations

from which the Indaba representatives came pursued the objectives of the

proposals against all opposition.

If those who had supported the proposals fell by the wayside because their organisations rejected them, he would have political problems which he might not

be able to live with.

"My people are an angry people," Chief Buthelezi said. "They are not going to

have regional services councils foisted on them. They will see yet another

episode of prescriptive politics in the very field in which the Indaba proposals have been made.

103
"There would be no point in me accepting the proposals as they stand if my

people find themselves in the impossible position of not being able to accept

them with me.

"I believe that I and my colleagues will find them a saleable commodity. We

have too much faith in (Indaba delegates) Dr Dhlomo and Dr (Frank) Mdlalose

to believe that they would have supported proposals which the people would reject outright."

He believed, however, that the Indaba proposals needed to be considered carefully in the circumstances which developed over the next months. These circumstances included "the expressions of folly" which would inevitably exist in

a whites-only election campaign.

If, tragically, the proposals were made a white political football they would,

for black South Africa, then "become kicked into the realms of unacceptability."

The degree of sensitiveness with which white politicians approached the Indaba

propsoals in the election campaign was of cardinal importance.

Chief Buthelezi emphasized that his remarks merely indicated the cautiousness

with which he and his colleagues would approach the "all-importanf task" of

evaluating the Indaba proposals.

"At this stage it is Indaba-type politics which have triumphed beyond refutation," he said, "We most certainly want more such politics."

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SOUTH AFRICA

APARTHEID ISSUES ARISE IN THEATERS, SPORTS, CHURCH

MB292043 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1938 GMT 28 Jan 87

[Text] Pretoria 29 Jan (SAPA)—Apartheid issues have descended on Pretoria—

one of South Africa's three capitals—fast and furiously of late.

The Transvaal administrator, Mr Willem Cruywagen, today became involved in

the issue of racially segregated cinemas. Though the province is empowered

to overrule the Pretoria City Council's recommendation that four cinemas be

closed to blacks, Mr Cruywagen said that it was "only fair that we be given

the necessary time to consider the issue. If (C1C) considers the matter so

urgent that they want to close the theatres next week, then they must do it."

Meanwhile, the council decided this week to ban the use of a sports ground in

Pretoria because a function there would be multiracial. A fun run for young

married and single people—which would include 18 "non-white" participants

could not be allowed because, Mr Servaas Venter, vice-chairman of the management committee, said that it was council policy that suburban sport areas may

not be used for multiracial events, A school principal, Mr Daan Ferreira,

also refused the Hoerskool Wonderboom's grounds to be used for the run.

At least 15 congregations of the Dutch Reformed Church [NGK] in Pretoria are

rebelling against the general synod's decision to open the church to all

races. "So far and no further," said the chairman of the Continuation Committee

of Dissastified Members (CCDM), Professor Willem Lubbe. "Thousands of people

in the church do not want to worship with blacks," he said. Dissidents from

the congretations are withholding their tithes and paying them into a CCDM

"contingency fund."

NGK moderator Professor Johan Heyns was today named as runner-up as "newsmaker

of the year" by the Pretoria Press Club, a decision which is widely seen because of his opposition to apartheid.

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SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

NATIONAL INDABA FOR MODERATES—Pretoria, 24 January, SAPA—"Moderates" held

an inaugural, NRP-[New Republic Party]-initiated "National Indaba" meeting

in Pretoria today. Lebowa's Dr Cedric Phatudi, who convened the meeting with

the NRP's Mr Bill Sutton, said afterwards: "The meeting was held to save

South Africa. We realise that the country is in trouble and it depends on

blacks and whites to resolve the situation." Representatives from the homelands, black local authorities and political parties agreed today to hold a

further meeting to discuss "meaningful constitutional change aimed at the inclusion of all South Africans in the decisionmaking process," a news release

said. It was resolved earlier to exclude radicals like the ANC from the

Indaba. NRP Transvaal Secretary Mr Klasie Viljoen said earlier this week that

the ongoing conference would eventually submit its proposals to the state

president, Mr P.W. Botha. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1404 GMT

24 Jan 87 MB] /12232

NEW POLITICAL PARTY LAUNCHED—A new political party has been launched in Durban

by rebels of the Solidarity Party in the House of Delegates. The party has

been called the Progressive Reform Party (PRP]. The party will be headed by

Mr Pat Poovalingham who was expelled from Solidarity after staging a walkout

at a party congress last week. The PRP says it will strive to speed up reform

as it feels Solidarity has lost touch with the people. [Text] [Johannesburg

Television Service in English 1800 GMT 24 Jan 87 MB] /12232

INDABA PROMISES PUBLIC REFERENDUM— The KwaNatal Indab will test public opinion

of their proposals even if the government refuses to conduct a referendum.

Indaba chairman Professor Desmond Clarence said the government has not yet indicated if it will agree to the Indaba request for a referendum in Natal. He

says the Indaba plans to launch an awareness campaign of its recommendations

before deciding on the method of testing public opinion, and he makes it clear

government refusal will not stop the Indaba. It is generally thought that

there is little chance Pretoria will endorse the moderate multiracial accord,

and the Natal NP leader Stoffel Botha has already rejected the concept. [Text]

[Umtata Capital Radio in English 0800 GMT 18 Jan 87 MB] /12232

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NEW INDIAN PARTY—Durban, 18 January SAPA—A new opposition party is to make

its debut in the House of Delegates when parliament reopens at the end of the

month. Mr Pat Poovalingam, MP for Reservoir Hills, who was expelled from

Solidarity which he helped to form 3 years ago, at the party's national congress in Durban today, said the new party would aim at attracting workers and

would work in close association with the Progressive Federal Party. He said

the new party was mooted after he and three other MP's and more than 100 supporters had walked out of Solidarity's congress. A supporter told SAPA the

new opposition group was likely to be called Social Democratic Party, with

Mr Poovalingam as its leader. The party would invite the several independent

MP's in the house of delegates to join its four founder-members, he said.

[Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1545 GMT 18 Jan 87 MB] /12232

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SOUTH AFRICA

EXECUTIVE CALLS FOR MORE BLACK MANAGERS IN BUSINESS

MB261940 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1912 GMT 26 Jan 87

[Text] Johannesburg 26 January SAPA—Without the emergence of effective, representative and visionary leadership in South Africa, a negotiated settlement

of the country's problems is impossible, the executive chairman of the Urban

Foundation, Mr Jan Steyn, said in Johannesburg this evening. Mr Steyn was

delivering the keynote address at the opening of the second session of the

joint management development programme.

"Far better that this country develop strong leaders of the different forces

that are at play in our land and that those leaders help to negotiate a future

acceptable to all, than to stifle dissenting leadership to the point where the

fundamental precondition for a negotiated future... cannot be met," Mr Steyn

said.

The South African business sector has a social responsibility record that

equals most performances elsewhere, he said, citing as an example education,

where it is estimated that the private sector spends about R4 million a year

on non-formal education.

"The private business sector must surely have certain social rights. Included

in those rights is the right to promote socio-political reform that will improve the quality of life for all South Africans and establish an environment

where all have access to a market economy in which business activity can flourish.

"Blacks account for almost 70 percent of the workforce. According to a recent

survey not more than 3 percent of managers are black," Mr Steyn said. "Thus

while there is an oversupply of unskilled labour, there is a damaging shortage

of skilled resources, particularly at managerial and executive levels."

He said this was reflected in vastly disproportionate level ratio of executives

to other workers in South Africa of 1 to 62. In most developed countries that

ratio would be better than J to 20, and in the United States it is 1 to 7.

"That is no small part due to an inadequate education system but also (because)

the economic highway to power has few entry lanes for black South Africans.

\ 08
"A consequence of the disproportionate opportunity is a corresponding imbalance

in responsibility where a small handful of mainly white executives are required

to assume responsibility for corporate leadership and management in South

Africa.

"That situation cannot continue. It must be one of the factors constraining

the growth and development of the economy. It surely accounts for high stress

levels among South African executives and is clearly intolerable to the black

workforce," he said.

Mr Steyn went on to say that it is increasingly clear that joint rather than

separate action is what is required in order to promote the development and

advancement of competent managers in organisations operating in South Africa.

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SOUTH AFRICA

MAKRO, BLACK AND DECKER TO CONTINUE OPERATIONS

MB201033 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1013 GMT 20 Jan 87

[Text] Johannesburg, 20 January, SAPA—Wholesale chain Makro and power tool

suppliers Black and Decker will continue operations in South Africa in spite

of announcements that their foreign shareholders are to withdraw.

Mr Doug Catto, managing director of Makro SA, said that "the only thing that

will change is our shareholding."

The Dutch-based multinational, SHV, [expansion unknown] and its German partners hold 66.6 percent of Makro SA. The balance is held by the Safmarine

and Rennies Trading (SAFREN). The latter is expected to take over the SHV

interests.

Local general manager of Black and Decker in South Africa, Mr Roger Lee, said

once the U.S. corporation had ratified its decision, he expected to enter into

negotiations for a local management takeover.

In the Hague, SHV, which owns a 40 percent interest in the five Makro department stores in South Africa, announced that "distressed and forced by terrorist action, (SHV) will take steps toward a complete withdrawal of its investments in South Africa."

Mr Catto said: "We have a 100 percent commitment from the SAFREN organisation."

He added that the SHR vhairman, Mr Paul Van Vlissingen, had told him that SHV

"was not going to enter into any form of auction sale" with regard to its

shares in Makro SA.

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SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY SAYS ECONOMY SHRUGS OFF SANCTIONS

MB170953 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 17 Jan 87

[Station commentary: "The Impact of Sanctions"]

[Text] It is now 15 weeks since the United States formally began sanctions

against South Africa. In the 3 and 1/2 months following their introduction,

there have been few visible signs of sanctions having an impact, the withdrawal of landing rights to South African Airway in the United States perhaps

being the most visible effect.

For most South Africans, however, American sanctions have not touched their

daily lives. An independent research organization, Econometrics, recently

estimated that the absolute maximum export earnings that South Africa stood

to lose from existing sanctions measures was a mere 4 million rand a year.

At about the same time a Johannesburg financial newspaper said that sanctions

had not been the quick fix that many thought they woul be. They had not

brought the South African economy to its knees, said the newspaper, and were

unlikely to do so.

In the sanctions-related disinvestment campaign where American companies have

withdrawn from South Africa, the gap has been filled in most cases by South

Africa capital and expertise, namely white. The Sullivan Signatory Association

believes that more United States companies will be taken over by white capital,

what has happened is that many social programs initiated by American corporations to improve the quality of the life in black communities in South Africa

have not been stopped. According to a Johannesburg newspaper many divested

companies have left a trail of unfinished community and welfare projects but

continue to allow their porducts to be sold in South Africa, an action that has

infuriated many black people.

Overall, sanctions and disinvestment have caused American influence in South

Africa to take a nosedive. In many other ways sanctions have proved more complex than people imagined. For example, the American Government has been

forced to change the sanctions legislation by allowing American firms to process South African uranium destined for third countries. The reasons for

this—umemployment in various American states and possible damage to the

already ailing nuclear industry. Another illustration of the complexity of

sanctions is the anger shown by Australian mineral exporters at the fact that

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South Africa is now strongly entering the lucrative Asian market to compensate

for the loss of sales of coal, iron ore, and uranium in Western Europe and

North America.

The long-term effects of sanctions must still be seen, but in the meantime the

South African economy has not only shrugged off sanctions, but it is generally

agreed is poised recovery in 1987. [sentence as received]

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SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY VIEWS STRATEGIC MINERALS IMPORTANCE

MB210523 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 21 Jan 87

[Station commentary]

[Text] Academics, politicians and others in the West have for some years now

sought to downplay the importance to Western nations of South Africa's minerals.

Similarly, they have written off the Cape Sea route as of little strategic

significance.

The reason for all this pooh-poohing is not hard to find. The treasure house

of minerals in southern Africa and the Cape Sea route are the two most vital

reasons why the industrialised nations of the West should—in their own interest—repudiate those who seek to solve the problems of South and southern

Africa by means of violence and revolution.

Now that the crunch has come, and Western governments have decided to introduce

sanctions against this country, the downplaying of the importance of South

Africa's minerals has been dramatically exposed for the political ploy that

it is.

The U.S. Government has been compelled to violate its own sanctions legislation

by exempting 10 strategic minerals from the sanctions list. Among these

minerals is manganese, which is essential for the production of iron and steel—

the basic metals of any industrial society.

South Africa happens to be the most important of six major suppliers of manganese to Western steelmakers.

Then there are the platinum group metals, critical to modern industry because

of platinum's extraordinary physical and chemical properties. South Africa

happens to provide, with the Soviet Union, more than 90 percent of the world's

total output of platinum.

In this, and many other instances, the major alternative to South Africa for

the supply to the West of strategic minerals is Iron Curtain countries but in

most cases the East Bloc allocates its mineral output for domestic consumption

only and denies supplies to the West.

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South Africa is also important as a conduit for strategic minerals that other

countries in southern Africa supply to the West. As an example, Zaire is the

world's main supplier of cobalt, which for security reasons, is transported

through South Africa.

As with minerals, so with the Cape Sea route. Academics and politicians may

score its importance, but when the chips are down it will be of vital strategic

importance to the West. That is why voices are being raised—for instance, at

this week's conference in Washington of 34 conservative groups—against those

pledged to violence and revolution in South and southern Africa.

The opposition that has surfaced in the United States to the Reagan administration's contacts with the African National Congress/South African Communist Party

combine does not constitute support for government policies in South Africa.

It is a demonstration of opposition to international terrorism and revolution:

It is a declaration that it is in the self-interests of the United States—and

of the free world in general—that Marxism and communism must be kept out of

South Africa: and it is a commitment to keeping the vital minerals of South

Africa and the equally vital Cape Sea route out of hostile hands.

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SOUTH AFRICA

MINING INDUSTRY REASSESSES BULLION EXPORT

MB161035 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1007 GMT 16 Jan 87

[Embargoed until 1530 GMT on 16 Jan]

[Text] Cape Town 16 January SAPA—The urgent reassessment by the gold mining

industry of its "beneficiation" and export of bullion was needed to boost

foreign-exchange earnings, according to the minister of finance, Mr Barend

du Plessis.

Speaking at the re-opening of Rand Leases Vogelscruisfontein Mine this evening,

he also noted that the rise in working costs trend in the industry was "disturbing" which together with the rise in capital equipment costs required

curbing as a matter of "national priority."

Although longer-term predictions were that South African mines would be able

to maintain an annual production of 700 tons for the next 30 years, the projection beyond 2020 was for "a dramatic downward trend."

This would lead to the exhaustion of high grade ores on most mines "and which

cannot be halted by the existing mining law which requires gold producers to

mine to the average payability of their proven ore reserves in order to prolong

the life of the mines."

"Despite the fact that pessimistic projections about the imminent demise of the

South African gold mining industry have proved to be wrong on so many occasions,

I should like to stress that the gold mining industry must urgently reassess

its position as far as the level of beneficiation and exportation of bullion

is concerned.

"Needless to say, I should prefer that this initiative originate in the private

sector," Mr Du Plessis said.

The average overall working costs of SA gold mines had risen rapidly from

R21.54 an ounce in 1970 to R340.21 an ounce in 1985.

This trend was "unfortunately" still evident, since the production prices for

the first 3 quarters of 1986 compared with the same periods of 1985 showed increases of 20.8; 19.6; and 20 percent respectively.

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"The rise in working costs is disturbing since it naturally renders large

volumes of otherwise payable ore reserves uneconomical; but it is highly commendable that the industry has been able to contain the rate of increase to

below the South African rate of inflation over the last couple of year.

"The trends in capital costs too have been serious. It is estimated that by

theturn of the century, the average depth of gold mines on the Witwatersrand

will probably exceed 2,500 metres, with a considerable amount of mining taking

place at below the 3,000 m level, which clearly will involve increased expenditure (and costs) on cooling and the support of workings; and it must

thus be manifest to all those concerned that there will have to be a renewed

effort to arrest the cost-push inflation spiral.

"This must surely be seen as a national priority, not least as it will extend

the life of most of our mines," Mr du Plessis said.

The re-opening of the mine would offer employment for 1,200 unskilled and

100 skilled workers when it reached full production during July or August

this year. This was "highly gratifying," he said, and would mean, with

ultimate production of 1,400 kg of gold annually, foreign exchange revenues

of between R26 million and R4 million.

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SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

FAVORABLE 1986 TRADE BALANCE—Pretoria 26 January, SAPA—South Africa's exports

exceeded imports hy Rl.4 billion over December last year to push the country's

favourable trade balance for the whole of 1986 to R15 billion, This exceeds

1985's favourable trade balance of R13.6 billion by 9.6 percent. Figures released by the commissioner of customs and excise in Pretoria today show that

South Africa continued to export goods—noticeably minerals and raw materials—

[?worth] R3.3 billion during December to bring its total export earnings for

1986 to R41.8 billion. South Africa's import of manufactured products contributed greatly [to] the import bill of R1.9 billion for December, which

brought the year's total imports to R26.9 billion. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA

in English 2247 GMT 26 Jan 87 MB] /12232

FIRM ANNOUNCES WITHDRAWAL—A company which owns Bostick [a kind of gule] is

joining the exodus from South Africa. The Connecticut-basedM. Hart Corporation links its departure to direct pressure from the antiapartheid movement.

The company says it feared losing multimillion dollar contracts from U.S.

states and local governments which prohibit purchases from South Africa-linked

fimrs. M. Hart also says economic uncertainty about South Africa played a role

in its decision to withdraw. The company is experiencing no business problems

in South Africa. In addition to Bostick, M. Hart onws B.W. Engineering, and

British United Shoe Machinery. All three factories are based in Port Elizabeth

and employ 900 people in total. M. Hart says a local management buyout is

possible but no final decision has been made. [Text] [Umtata Capital Radio

in English 0600 GMT 28 Jan 87 MB] /12232

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END

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