17. Coppor oxports continued to dealin.
In 1985 only 470 5600 tonnos were exported
com! ‘to 540 450 tonnes in 184 and
681 100 tonnos in 1980. ‘This means that,
between 1080 and 1985 copper exports
declined by 30.9 por cont—a very hig, fall
indood for ao vital oxport commodity.
Exports of cobalt at 8 870 tonnes romainod
‘at the same level as in 1984,

18, Mr Spoaker, Sir, total oxport
oarnings in 1985 aro ostimated at only US:
$850.0 million cony to US $895.0
million in 1984, roflocting tho 13.0 por
cont fall in the voluino of copper oxports.
‘When fourth quarter export carnings are
reflected in terms of tho Kwacha/dollar
exchango rate provailing aftor tho intro-
duction of tho auction, thoy show » sub-
stantial incroaso in Kwacha torms. ‘That
is why, dospito tho fall in foroign ourroney
carnings, total oxports of goods amounted.
to K2,617.0 million in 1985, The nominal
yaluo of imports wont up from K1,108.0
million in 1084 to K1,761.0 million in
1985. ‘Tho increase is ateributable mainly
to tho depreciation of the Kwacha against
foreign’ curroncios, Howovor, during the
last quarter of 1985, imports began to
ineronso in real torms following tho
rogular injection of foreign oxchange into
tho economy through tho auction system,
'Tho relaxation’ of rostrictions on imports
involving no initial allocation. of, forvign

Dechmige also” proved helpful in this:

direction.

19. Nevertholoss, imports at this level
wore not sufficient to rokindlo rapid
growth in the economy and especially
in those soctors that dopond hoavily on
imy inputs. ‘This is why probloms
continued in. thoso soctors as wo shall
shortly soo. Indood, oven the importation
of crude oil was soverely interrupted in
the course of the year making it dificult
for us to haul tho crop and to continue
smoothly with production in tho mining
‘sector.

(b) The Mining Sector

20. Mr Spoaker, Sir, production in tho
mining industry continued with tho down-
ward trond that has boon ovidont sinco
1976. Goppor production fell from 522 000
tonnes in 1984 to 479 000 tonnos last yoar.
Sinco 1976, coppot production has fallon by
nearly 33.0 por cont. This has very sorious
implications for our economy since it
crodes our foreign exchange earnings,

21, It is in ordor to arrest this decline
that tho Party and its Govornment havo
ombarkod one mejor programme of!
habilitation in the mining indust
volving US $75.0 milion from the

orld
Bank, UA 26,0 million from the African
‘Povelopment Bank and ECU 65.0 million
from the European Economic Community.

55

Alroady, US $32.0 million from the World
Bank, UA 9.2 million from the African
Dovelopmont Bank and ECU 46.5 million
from the EEO havo been spent.

{c) Phe Agricultural Sector

22,’ Mr Speaker, Sir, production in ‘tho
agricultural soctor was on tho up-turn
last your owing to tho somewhat bottor
weather conditions that provailed com.
pared to tho previous threo years. As a
pesult, maizo production went up from
6.4 million bags in 1984 to 7.2. million
bags in 1086. Although this vas slightly
helow notions! demand, it was a growt
improvement for whieh all our farmors
should bo complimonted, Othor ‘crops
that showed marked improvement in-
cluded soya beans, millot, sorghum,
groundnuts and paddy rico. ‘There was a
slight reduction in production of virginia
tobacco, : cod entton and sunflower. ° ,

(d) The Manufacturing Sector

23. Mr Spoaker, Sir, tho manufacturing
soctor which is oxcossivoly dependent on
importod inputs has been one of the
soctors very badly affooted by tho pro-
grossive sho of foreign exchatge
Novertholess, output in’ 1086 grow by an
ostimated 9.0. por cont compared to only
1.0 por cont in 1984. I should, howover,
point out; Mr Spoaker, ‘Sin, that this
incroase in output was still far bolow tho
lovol achioved ten years ago. This moans:
that wo aro atill’ for from achioving
satisfactory porformance in this sector. -

24. Mr Spoaker, Sir, undor the auction
system of dotormining tho oxchango rato
of tho Kwacha ane allocating forsign
exchange, a real disincentive been

given to the manufacturing sector’ as far
‘as tho uso of imported inputs is concerned.

Inversoly, a strong incontive has beon

givon to the soctor to use as much of the

raw materials availuble in the country as

possible becuuso of thoir rolative cheap-

noss. Moreover, the auction systom ‘has
given manufacturers an ‘opportunity to
have regular accoss to foreign oxchango.

Givon the foroign resources that have
leon made available to this sector under
tho industri: re-orientation project
financed, by thi World Bank ‘and other
donors, \. tho # inanufasturing . sector:
reevivod US: .7 million through’ the
auction during tho last quarter of 1085.
In the proceding quarter tho foreign
oxchango allocated to all sectors of the
ecoriomy was only US $37.2 million.

(e) Other Sectors ‘

25. Mr Speaker, Sir, the services sect
continued to grow fast in 1985. However,
growth ‘in the electricity and transport
and communications sectors was only
marginal. Output in« the i
sector rem severely constrained by



Perhaps Mr Mugabe has a nose for:
people who, like himself, are pragmatists
(or, as their enemies would put it, oppor-
tunists) rather than blind idealists.

For when people talk about the “moder-
ation” they say they have encountered in
talking to the leaders of the PAC’s more
well known rival, the African National
Congress, they mean moderation in the

plans the ANC have for South African
society when they should come to power.
They cannot mean in the ANC’s methods
of achieving power.

One of the things that must strike anyone
who talks to the ANC is the vehemence of
its leaders’ faith in ANC principles, which
are not, whatever one may hear of Soviet
penetration of the movement, simply
something acquired holus bolus from a
foreign source. .

When the ANC say they are not prepared
to discuss a federal system or a qualified
franchise, even as interim measures, they
really mean it.

This is something many diplomats and
anti-apartheid campaigners seem not to
want to understand. The ANC is not mere-
ly adopting a political posture for public
consumption, behind which is concealed a
secret willingness to compromise on
power-sharing. .

They are (by their own lights) idealists
first, and politicians so far second as to
make it extremely doubtful to pragmatists
— among whom may be Mr Mugabe — that
given the chance to gain power through
the negotiations he believes are inevita-
ble, they could make the most of the op-
portunity. .

It is interesting to observe from Harare
that the campaign among white South
African liberals to have the ANC un-
banned and allowed to organize freely in
the Republic still has momentum. There
are many who say that a re-introduction to
the realities of South African politics will
restore the lost element of pragmatism td
the ANC's councils. They might be
ut given the vehemence with which the

ANC believe in a set of ideals they have,

spent long years formulating (most of them
enshrined in their Freedom Charter):

/12828
CSO: 3400/1147

119

there is a strong practical possibility that
an unbanned ANC would degenerate into
a mere stalking horse for an opportunist
rival — probably the PAC.,

Practicalities of power

For example, if the ANC campaigned on
a platform of state participation in strate-
gic industries, its rival would outbid

it with a vote-catching demand for the
seizure of all white businesses without
compensation. If the ANC campaigned for
rapid black advancement in the civil ser-
vice, its rival would demand the dismissal
of ail presently employed whites, and so
on.

Knowing the ANC, they would not budge
from the Freedom Charter’s assertion that
South Africa and its resources are the
equal property of all South Africans —
even if this stand lost them votes. While
such a show of principle may be laudable,
it is not the way one-man, one-vote elec-
tions are won in Africa. In politics there
is no honour or morality, according to
Machiavelli, only - the practicalities of

power. :

So it is quite conceivable that the ANC
might lose elections fought on the issue of
black solidarity despite the overwhelming
support it now seems to have ‘in South
African townships. It is not so long 280
that Bishop Abel Muzorewa’s UANC in.
Zimbabwe enjoyed phenomenal popular
support, which evaporated when the
UANC failed to come to grips with practi-
cal power Politics. .

The ANC could not accept freedom to
campaign in South Africa without insist-
ing on the unbanning of its rivals, if only so
it could demonstrate the overwhelming
support it is convinced it has.:It — and all.
the whites who believe the ANC contains
people who should be brought into the
South African “decision-making process”
i might thus be riding for one tremendous

fall.

"Politics is not about the fine and noble

things you plan to do for your people once
you get into power. It is about how you get
power and keep power. . car
Anyone who doesn’t understand this is
dangerously naive. Boat



/9317

popular referundum,
3. The constitution will
provide for a system of
government with THREE
BRANCHES! an elected
executive branch which will
be responsible to the legis-
lative branch to be elected
by universal and . equal
suffrage which will be
responsible for the passage
of all laws! and an indepen-
dent judicial branch which
will be responsible for the
interpretation of the con-
stitution and for ensuring
its supremacy and the
authority of the law.

‘The executive and legis-
lative branches will be con-
stituted by periodic and
genuine elections which
will be held by a secret vote
4, The electoral system will
ensure FAIR REPRESEN-
TATION in the legislature
to different political groups

“representing the people of

Namibia, for example, by
proportional representa-
tion or by appropriate de-

cso: 3400/1111

termination: of constituen-
cies or by acombination of
both.

5. There will be a declara-
tion of FUNDAMENTAL
RIGHTS, which will in-
clude the rights to life, per-
sonal liberty and freedom
of movement! to freedom
of conscience! to. freedom
of expression, including
freedom of speech and a
free press! to freedom of as-

sembly and association, in- *

cluding political parties
and trade unions! to due

- process and equality before:

the law! to protection from
arbitrary deprivation of
private property or depri-
vation of private property
without prompt and just
compensation! and, to
freedom from racial, eth-
hic, religious or sexual dis-
crimination. The declara-
tion of rights will be consis-.
tent with the provisions of
the universal Declaration
of Human Rights. The
declaration of rights will be

21

enforceable only by the
courts, at the instance of an
aggrieved individual.

6. It will be forbidden to

' create CRIMINAL
. OFFENCES with

- retrospective effect or to

provide for ~ increased
penalties with retrospective

effect.

7. Provision will be made to
secure EQUAL ACCESS
by all to recruitment to the
public service, the :police
service and the defence
services. The fair adminis-

~ tration of personnel policy

in relation to these services
will be assured by appropri-
ate independent bodies.

8. Private cultural, social,
health and educational in-
stitutions will be OPEN TO
ALL without — discrimi-
nation. ota

< 9,: Provision will. be made
for the establishment of
|. BLECTED .. COUNCILS
, for local and regiotial ad-
“ministrative and fiscal pur-

> poses,



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Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
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original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

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“It probably aii depend: 4
your station in life. penis on
But that is where the signs
gecm to end. Government
ildings, once very rticulal
indeed about who vies where,
dumbly accept people of all

“Indications are that, this”
year, the race restrictions on.
public bars are to go too.

* Timagine I can already hear
some smart Politician saying:
“All signs of apartheid have
now disappeared.”

He'll be quite right, too. And
also completely wrong.

Beware Where You Park Those Wheels

FOR caravanner Matthew Ben-
jamin, apartheid, far from dy-
ing, is as healthy as ever.

“It’s just being camou-
flaged,” he says bitterly.

Two weeks ago Mr Benja-
min, who is chairman of the
Peninsula Caravan Club, was
turned away from Sandvlei
Caravan Park at Muizenberg
with some of his club mem-
bers. “Whites only,” he was
told.

'

The Cape Town City Coun-
cil’s Manager of Beach Ameni-
ties, Mr JS Kloppers, said lat-
er that the council’s “hands
were tied” and that it had
asked the Government repeat-
edly for the whites-only rule to
be scrapped. ° .

Mr Benjamin says: “When we
telephoned about a booking
nothing about whites-only was
mentioned. And there are no
signs.

“If the council is adamant -
about upholding apartheid it
might as well put up the signs.”

115



86. Mr Speaker, Sir, the need for
reducing the subsidies has already been
accepted by the Party and its Government
&nd steps have been taken from time to
time to reduce the outlays on this item.

~ “7, We cannot obviously do very much
‘about the debts that are already" con-
tracted. I must, however, mention that a
number of friendly countries havo, as I
have already reported, continued to give
us support by way of debt rescheduling.
“Some have even converted part of the
previous debts into outright grants. We
fare most grateful for this gosture and hope
that a number of ‘other countries, in
recognition of the problems facing us, will
come forward and do the same. On our
part, we havo continued to urgo donors
to give us cither straight-forward grants
or loans on the softest terms possiblo.

88. But in a situation of reduced
internal and external resources what we
require is better expenditure planning.
To do this, we have decided to extend the
reforms we have already beon carrying out
in the planning and budgetary ‘process.
This reform programme ‘has three basic

—to use s medium term financial
plan to forecast the amount of
resources likely to be available
tous;

—to create a framework for assessing

the impact of policy decisions on
expenditure, and

—finally, to provide guidelines to
ministries to be a in the
preparation of the budget.

89. Thus, the annual plan will be used
to guide the allocation of resources along

the of the development priorities
agreed upon, ~
PART VI
THE 1986 BUDGET

90. Mr Speaker, Sir, before I discuss the
10986 Budget, let me deal with one pre-
it int. It was the intention of the
Party its Government to Jaunch the
Fourth National Development Plan at the
beginning is year. However, owing
to the need to consolidate the measures
we

91. Let me now tur to the two re-
maining matters, namely, the levels of
expenditure for 1986 and the necessary
fiscal changes.

64

92. In arriving at the lovel of expondli-
tore for 1986 I have borne in mind not onty
the ‘problem of limited resouroes which T
havo already touched on but also the
modifications in the exchange rate we

carried out last year. In somo sross of

“oxperidiare, igure have boon raised to
‘4

take account of theas changos. In othor
ereas, where wo really want exponditure
to fall in real terms, growth in ©:

has been restrained.

, Another principle that has gui
98, A principle tnt sgidea

in our economy. In

I realise that not as much money as I.
would have wished has béen allocated to
the Ministries which are concerned with;
tho rural seotor, a definite effort has been
made to make resources available to.
production-related activities in this sector.

94. Mr Speaker, Sir, I have also been
conscious of the fact that a number of
Government projects have remained un-
completed for some time. Within the
confines of the resources available, I have
attempted to provide some money to
ensure that these projects are completed.

EXPENDITURE AND RESOURCES

95. Mr Speaker, Sir, the total smount
of exponditure proposod in 1986 is K6,261.0
million, compared to tho budget figure of
K1,836.8 million last yoar. As I have

jointed out already, much of the inoroase
is explained by the nood to rake up for.
the dopreciation of the Kwacha. Out of
this total, K2,215.7 million covers ‘re-
current expenditure. Constitutional and
statutory expenditure accounts for
K2,340.4 million. The romaining amount,
ie. _K704.9 million, oovers capital ox-;
penditure. .

96. The K2,216.7 million provided under
recurrent expenditure is broken dowh a8,
follows:

. K’million

Personal Emoluments .. 661.9.
Recurrent Departmental :

Charges wee BOLT,
Grants and Other Pay- .

ments .. oe os 218.4
Ponsions and Gratuities 403
Subsidies .. . ae 333.8.
Contingency Volo. 60.6

ToraL .. 2,215.7

97. An itom that is attracting incroasin,
attontion in my ministry is ‘geants an
other payments’. Grants aro mado mainly
to our institutions auch as the Univorsity
of Zambia, National Council for Soiontific
Resoarch and tho Prosidont’s Citizenship


A 2.5 litre container of Saladi (cooking oil) which costs K13.86 in State
shops, is sold at K17 on the black market.

In Ndola prices of items which are not essential have been forced to drop.
One example is the price of digital watches. They are now selling at a
maximum price of K16.

One black marketeer told the Sunday Times: "Look we also have to live, if
you can't beat them you must join them."

In a series of interviews during the week black marketeers admitted that
business had drastically dropped.

"You cannot buy a tablet of soap at K3.65 and hope to sell it at K5 or more,
who can buy it?"

/12828
CSO: 3400/1134

75



MALAWI

BRIEFS

ROAD CLOSINGS ANNOUNCED--Three roads in Mwanza district were temporarily
closed to traffic due to wash-away bridges and other damages caused by

floods. Announcing this a spokesman for the Mwanza District Council said

the roads affected were: Mwanza boma/Thambani (D231), Mwanza Admarc to

Kasuza (D239) and Mwanza Admarc to Kunenekude (D287). The spokesman explained
that on the Mwanza/Thambani road culverts have been partially washed away at
Lipongwe, Ntumba and Kagonamwake. Mpandadzi bridge on the same road and

its embankments on both ends were also swept away. On the Mwanza Admarc

to Kunenekude road, two gullies have been formed at Chithumbwi while the
entire bridge at Kadoole stream on the Mwanza Admarc/Kasuza road has also
been washed away. The spokesman said repair works might start soon.--Mana.
[Text] [Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English 28 Jan 86 p 1] The Kambale-
Kam'mwamba road in Mwanza district has been closed to traffic with effect
from Monday due to extensive damage, caused by heavy rains at Lisungwi bridge.
Announcing this, a spokesman from the Mwanza District Council said embank-
ments on the eastern and western side of the Lisungwi bridge together with

a pillar have been washed away. The closure of the Kambale-Kamm'wamba road
brings the number of closed roads in the district this season to four.

[Text] [Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English 6 Feb 86 p 3] /9317

cso: 3400/1106

il



NUM PLANS TO DISRUPT COAL, METAL EXPORTS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Feb 86 p 8

{Article by Helen Simpson]

[Text]

THE National Union
of Mineworkers
(NUM) has targeted
the mining company
Gencor as an “enemy
company” and intends
disrupting its coal and
metal shipments to
other countries via the
International Miners
Organisation.

Mr Cyril Ramaphosa,
general secretary of the
NUM, said at a Press con-
ference in Johannesburg
yesterday, that the NUM
had submitted a list of
Gencor affiliates, and
companies with “interests
in Gencor” to the Con-

ss of South African
Trade Unions (Cosatu).

Cosatu, to which the
NUM is affiliated, would
then submit the list to the
International Miners Or-

ganisation.

‘The International
Miners Organisation,
19317

cso: 3400/1117

which was launched last
year by Mr Arthur Scar-
gill’s British NUM and
the French Miners Union,
was formed to express
solidarity for miners’
unions worldwide. It has
a strong anti-apartheid
line.

Mr Ramaphosa «said -:

that Gencor had over the
past two years, “persist-
ently dismissed our mem-
bers and we now intend
putting international
pressure on it”.

“Gencor has a number
of interests overseas and,
we have already been in;
contact with the Internat- |
ional Miners Organisa-
tion as regards the move-
ment of Gencor’s coal,”
he said.

Mr Jay Naidoo, general
secretary of Cosatu, said
he could not disclose the
number or names of the
companies on the list but
would be releasing details
tomorrow.

Mr Ramaphosa said the
disruption campaign
would gain more impetus
once it had been estab-
lished exactly where Gen-
cor’s coal went when it
left South Africa.

Gencor was not avail-
able for comment yester-
day.

NUM also called on
mine management to des-
ist from using mine police
or the SA Police to harass
striking miners or “we
will have to defend our-
selves — and the way we
do will depend on our
members”.

According to Sapa, Mr
Ramaphosa, said striking
mineworkers had had
“traumatic experiences”
concerning their right to
strike, which was restric-
ted by legislation, mine
police, the SAP and the
SADF:

124

SOUTH AFRICA

He also told journalists
that despite the refusal by
the Chamber of Mines to
recognise May Day (May
1) as a paid holiday,
members of the NUM
would not turn up at work
on that day. Instead, they
would attend rallies to
celebrate this as a nat-
ional event.

Mr Ramaphosa said
miners would stage a nat-
ional strike if the various
mining houses made dif-
ferent offers on wage in-
creases, adding that the

, NUM would not be “divi-
ded this year by different
offers”.

Referring to attacks by
the South African Gov-
ernment on neighbouring
states, he said the con-
gress had resolved to im-
mediately. contact unions
in neighbouring states “to
conscientise their mem-
bers and better prepare
them for such attacks”.


SOUTH AFRICA

CIVIL ENGINEERING DESCRIBED IN CRITICAL STATE

Work Volume on Decline

Johannesburg THE STAR BUSINESS in English 22 Jan 86 p 19

[Article by Frank Jeans]

[Text]

South Africa’s civil engineering in-
dustry, hit by five years of declin-
ing work volumes, is now in a
state of “serious recession” with
little hope of recovery this year.

Although. in rand terms the
value of work awarded last year
was not much different from the
previous year, after adjusting for
inflation and price increases, the
industry’s work load was consider-
ably down on 1984 in real price
and volume terms.

And adding to the industry's ill-
fortune is the fact that the slump
has taken toll in the workforce
which, according to South African
Federation of Civil Engineering
Contractors’ calculations, has fall-
en from 125000 in 1981 to about
89 000 at the end of last year.

Homelands hit

“This loss of at least 36000
work-places represents nearly 30
percent of the industry’s total la-
bour force five years ago, and the
number of out-of-work wage-
earners together with their depen-
dants could well be as high as
150 000,” says Safcec.

Another disturbing feature is
that since many civil engineering

employees are contract workers ,:
the downturn is adding to the eco-«

nomic and unemployment burden
in the black homelands and inde-
pendent states from where these
particular workers are drawn.

a

a

130

The federation has little doubt
that the poor state of the indus-
try’s order books at the start of
the year and continuing highly
competitive conditions point to
further hard times during this

ear.

“Although it is not known what

emphasis will be placed on infra-
structure spending in the public
sector's 1986 budgets, it appears at
this stage that the recession has
not yet. bottomed out and it is
therefore only realistic to expect a
further decline in activity before.
an improvement in conditions
occurs,” says Safcec. * -

There were 60 contracts award-
ed in the “wind-down” Month of
December, valued at a total of
R72 million, and again it was the
National Transport Commission
that came to the rescue with road
works accounting for R30 million
of the amount.

Lower volume

The December awards pushed
the total work volume for 1985 to
950 contracts with a combined
value of R1,3billion. This com-
pares with 1040 contracts
(R1,4 billion) in the previous year.

The rise in the National Road
Fund levy opened the way for 30
NTC contracts, totalling R315 mil-
lion last year - considerably
more than in previous years.

a



/9317
CSO: 3400/1108

Obviously, 1 neod to recoup some of it.
Two years ago, the House approved a

. property transfer tax at the rate of 2.5

or cent of the value of the property
involved. This rate is quite low and [ am
now proposing that the rate be increased
to 6.0 per cont. :

(f) Education Leny
}

153. A fow years ago, the House
approved the introduction of an education’
ievy of K200.00 only, payablo by every
company incorporated or ‘registered in,
Zambin, Tam stro the House will agree’
that this amount does not reflect tho
times. | am, therefore, proposing that
the amount be inorcased to, IK1,000.00.,
Howover, where a company has a turn-
over of not moro than K20,000.00 por
annum the levy should be only 500.00.
The revenue to be collected from thi,
tax will go to support education as pros
vided for in the legislation. This change’

witl become effective from ist April, 1988.

(g) Companies Act: Prescribed Fees

154, Mr Speaker, Sir, the last change
I require to deal with this afternoon
relates to the fees provided for under the
second schedule of the Companics Act,
Cap. 686. Sir, tho fees charged under the.
Act have remained unchanged since 1965-
although the Party and its Government
are required to provide an expanding
range of sorvices. It is necossary, Sir, that’
part of the cost’ associated with ‘those;
services bo recovered. L am, accordingly;
proposing that the. fees be changed as
follows:

(i) Registration of a company, the
fee shoutd change from 0.25
to K5.00 for overy K200.00 with
the proviso that tne minimum
fee shoutd be J£100,00 instead
of K10.00; ; :

ii) For the increase’ of capital, the
fee should go up from K0.25 to
K5.00 for every ' K200.00 or.
portion thereof; 7

(iii) For a certificate of incorporation, -

the fee should be raised from.

K0.50 to K20.00; :

(iv) For rogistration of an. altered
memorandum of association, the
fee should rise from -K1.00 to
K20.00;

(v) For rogistration of chango of
name, the feo should charige from.
K1.00 to K100.00;

(vi) For chango of company name
and publication of the sumo, the
feo should now bo K160.00,
instead of K1.50; :

(vii) For ropistration of a dooument
or making a record of any fact.
authorised or required to be:
registered or recorded, the foe
should change from KO0.50 to
K20.00; .

(viii) For copies of any deed or other
document not exceeding four
folios each:

—when prepared by an official,
from K0.50 to K20.00;

—every additional folio, from
K0.50 to K1v.00;

—whon prepared by an appli:
cant, from K0.60 to K15.00;"

—overy additional folio, from,
K0.02 to K10.00; :

(ix) For cach document- inspected,
.... from K0.10 to 10.00;

(x) For inapoction of registor, fron
KO0.10 to K6.00 for each folic;
inspected. *

PART VII ,

CONCLUSION

/ 165. Mr Speaiter, Sir, tho time has."
come for mo to bring ‘my speoch this,
afternoon to: closo. In doing 80, lot me
summarise the essontial points I have
been trying to mako. Our country continues
to faco serious economic problems. As
T said last year, those problems can bé.
solved. ‘The’ measuros wo have recontly
taken have given us @ frame-work for
making progross. Wo nocd to follow thom
up by working hard to improve production
in our economy and to export. Tho tax
measures I have announced have been,
designed to assist this process. .

156. We are living in » difficult environ’
mont. For us to be able to maintain poaca, *
it is nocessary that wo continue to rally’
round tho leadership of His Exoollency
the Prosidont and of tho whole Party:
With the country united, we cannot fail

157, Mr Speaker, Sir, I beg to move.

70



that the rights of inhabi-
tants are cut down,

“Can.one impute to the
legislators, despite their:
fair, words, such a cynical
intention?’ he asked.

If they had intended
legislation contrary to the
Bill of Rights, he felt they
would have spelt it out.

ACCESS

Mr Farlam submitted
that while Section 4, which
provides for detention of:
up to 30 days, expressly ex-
cludes legal access, except
with the Cabinet’s leave,
Section 5, which provides
for further detention did
not. °
The men had all been
held for longer than 30
days, the nature of their de-
tention had changed and
they were thus entitled to le-
gal access.

Mr Farlam also submit-
ted that affadavits given to
the police by the detainees
were not relevant to the
case. .

“Unfortunately it is the
experience of courts that
these frequently have to be
set aside because the condi-

“tion under which they were
made are not known?’

NATIONAL
SECURITY
While sections of the Bill
of Rights was subject to na-
tional security, the extent
was not clear.

“Where necessary the

“. court should decide “but

Article 2. is an absolute
right and the question of
national security cannot
prevail over it”, Mr Farlam
, Said.

-Mr ‘Jeremy Gauntlett,
also appearing for the de-
tainees, said while he ac-
-knowledged security legis-
lation had . provisions
“which must be described
as severe and draconian,
you can be harsh without
being unfair”.

“There is no necessary
inference that procedural
right to fairness is ex-
cluded?”

He quoted an American
judge who said “The histo-
ry of liberty is the history of
procedural fairness”.

CABINET’S
RESPONSE
Mr Jan Hugo, SC, coun-
sel for the Cabinet and Brig
Thomasse, said the Bill of

Rights was “not part and
parcel of legislation — it
forms an annexure”.

It did not “magnani-
mously” govern the whole
constitution but only ap-
plied where it was incorpo-
rated by implication or
reference.

“And there are only a few
references to the Bill in the
Proclamation”

On the question of ac-
cess, Mr Hugo conceded
that in terms of Section 5 of
AG 9 legal representation
was not entirely excluded
“if application is moved”.

JUDGEMENT

Judgement has been
feserved. .

The case was heard be-,
fore Mr Justice Johan Stry-
dom and. Mr ‘Justice -H
Hendler.

Mr Ian Farlam, SC, and
Mr Jeremy Gauntlett, in-
structed by Mr David
Smuts of Lorentz | and
Bone, appeared for Mr Ak-
weenda.

Mr Jan Hugo, SC,. in-
structed by Mr Chris
Brandt, appeared for the
state. .

/9317
cso: 3400/1111

28



SOUTH AFRICA

UNOFFICIAL OPPOSITION TAKING STRUGGLE TO STREETS

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 9 Feb 86 p 4

{Text] .

THE unofficial opposition in,
South Africa is literally tak-'

ing its struggle to the streets.
treet committees have been’
set up in the Eastern Cape in
opposition to the ban on all other
forms of meetings. ~

Port Elizabeth commu-
nity leader Mkhuseli Jack
told City Press this type of
organisation is intended to
lay the basis for a new
South Africa - one where
the future is decided by all.

And_ it’s. also become
clear where the support lies
= the town council in Port
Elizabeth as well as in Ui-
tenhage has collapsed.

Only ten out of 21 mem-
bers are still councillors.
And because there is no
uorum, the council in-
‘ort Elizabeth has virtual- -
ly come to a standstill. :

The new move is gaining
ground especially in the
embattled Eastern Cape
cities and towns where in-
tensified repression follow-
ing the State of Emergency
has taken its toll. 7

Jack - who addressed a plenar
of the Southern African Catholi
ops’ Conference in Pretoria last week —
said street committees have been formed
as the first step towards Teplaciny official’
administrative structures like the Black ;
Town Councils. . /

“We are now preparing ourselves for a;
post-apartheid society’ based on a non-
racial municipality and elected orf a one-
man, one-vote basis,” said Jack.#*

99

The idea of street committees was first
devised by jailed African National Con-
gress leader Nelson Mandela in 1953 and
was generally known as the. M-Plan.

Mandela anticipated the banning of
“liberation” organisations and devised
this multi-tiered system — from house-
holds upwards — in the townships. Cops
quickly suppressed the system, but it
persisted longer in Port Elizabeth.

‘Jack said the new strect committees
emerged as a groundswell of resistance in
other Eastern Cape towns like Cradock,
Uitenhage, Queenstown as well as in East
London following the mass detention of
Jeaders under state of emergency regula-
tions. More leaders were detained in the
Eastern Cape than in any other area in
the country.

The man who re-introduced the idea of
street and zone committees was slain

.Cradock community lead-

er Mathew Goniwe.

Before his assassination,
Goniwe used to say “de-
mocracy for the people in
Lingelihle should not be a
vision of the future or an
abstract ideal. It should be
something real, something
to give ordinary people the
power to bring about
changes.” .

The introduction of the
committees paid divi-
dends, especially when
Law and Order Minister
Louis le Grange detained
Goniwe and other commu-
nity leaders and banned all

litical meetings on

arch 30, 1984. Two or-
ganisations survived the
onslaught — the Cradock
Residents Association and
the Cradock Women’s Or-
ganisation. These organisa-



NEW GOVERNMENT APPOINTEES SWORN IN

LagoS DAILY TIMES in English 31 Jan 86 pl

[Text]

/12828
CSO:

pResident Ibrahim
Babangida_ will this
toring swearin Alhaji
Adamu Fika as the new Head
of Service:

He will also administer the
oath of office of Chief
Samuel Olu Falae as the new
Secretary to the Federal
Government. .

This confirms our front
page story of yesterday on
the new appointments.

Chief Duro Onabule, Chief
Press Secretary to the
President, issued a statement
yesterday formally
announcing the two
appointments. a

Alhaji Adamu was a one-*

time Permanent Secretary for
the Federal Capital Territory.
He is the longest serving
‘permanent secretary in the
Federal Public Service.

3400/1131

Chief Falae, 47, is the,
Managing Director of
Nigerian Merchant Bank,
with head office on the Broad
Street, Lagos. et

He is married. ‘with . six
children, three. boys and
three girls. eo

Chief Falae began his
career in 1963 as an Assistant
Secretary, ‘National
Manpower Board, rising to
the post of a permanent
secretary in April,-1977.
“He attended the University
College, Ibadan from 1960 to
4963 where he obtained the
B.Sc degree in Economics.
"tn 1972, he left the Yale
“University,, New ‘Haven,
Connecticutt, USA with 2
Master degree in Economics. ~

35

NIGERIA



_ a from. minorals “Wot more than auf:
promoting the growth of non: ficient to tect our national needs, As we,

mineral exports «88 quickly 98 have pointed out many times, the situ-
Bossi , ation has changod-nnd change for the
—mobilist iti : i worse--and this means. that we have

incbiising additional resouree fom Mont to the probloms in hand and create

’ other sources of foreign exchange... 3

—promoting domestic production; B4, Mr Bpesker, Sir, this not t s4y:

~ contain esi . however, thint wo shall soon be able to
containing the bd res, on. Prices; replace fait as, the main source Bad
—astabilisi . ¥ foreign exchange. e truth is that for
stabilising the exchangs rato; anid foreler ime to come the mining industry
—loworing interest rates. “CR _will continue to ‘be the country’s main

" : ‘ouree of orien exchange. This why
Nor e, Si discuss 16 process of rehabilitation must proc .
flow etal toto points, tnd succeed, But since tho forcigit exchange

: . caring from the mining industry are on
. see i eo decline; it necessary and in

(a) Encouraging Non-traditional Baports imperative that we continue to inereaso

the volume of non-mineral exports.

‘5 et ‘Tho case for encouraging a
* fraditional exports has already been made, 55, Last I described th :
4 . year I described the measures
Let mo simply reiterate the basic argu- we took to encourage exports. We have
mont. In 1964, the oontribution of non-: now taken two additional menéures.
mainoral exports *0 total fareign extn es Firetly, this “House na already passed
rnings amour! . lion or 4. tho Export Development Board Act. Under
per cent. In 1974 that contribution stood this Act, a, board will be established
Aa a or 2.4 por gent of the whose functions will include advising
total 6 exports. on yoars Mer, in 1984, the exporters on the markets available for
contribution of aoe Herpes thelr products and on any othot issited
.3 million or 4; relevant to the business of exporting.
total export eafnings. Twenty-one years Secondly, we have taken action tontream.
ago the share of*non-minotal ex,orts Tine the system of duty draw-backs which
in total earnings’ did not pothaps allows exporters to claim back the duty
matter very, much because earings. paid on. imported inputs used in pro
. duction for export. a

Budget at a glance oo

KINMILLION’ . RESOURCES © KINMILLION ,

‘EXPENDITURE
ecurrent Expenditure
Personnel Emoluments | © 601.9  Gigtoma Excise & Sales Tax cok
Recurrent Dept..Charges. 891.7 : Mineral Export Tax 750.0
Grants & Other Payments . 218.4 © ©." Capital Grants 499.2
Pension & Gratuities 40.3 : Other Receipts : 934
Subsidies vie °-.< TotalReceipts 3472.2"
. / .
Constitutional and 69.6 2215.7. Net Deficit a 1788.8
Statutory Expenditure 2340.4 2 “
Capital Expenditure "704.9 :
, | 52644 ; $261.0
Net deficit will be financed by =“: K’MILLION
Non bank borrowing aa 70.0 .
Bank borrowing foe ES 100.0
External resources ce 16188
"1788.8

60



back Justice Aguda’s call tor
Islami¢ rand Common Law
scholars to get together and -
fastrion out laws that would be
Nigerian. absolutely. In fact that
js what Iam saying: that there is
too much that is alien in our pre-
sent laws and there is no way
they could be relevant or
understood no matter how many
languages you translate them in-
to unless their psychology and
their origins are rooted in our
own background as a people. 1
think we have enough talent in
sociology, Islamic studies and
legal stadies té give us our own
laws. I remember the civilian
yegime did draw tip a blueprint in
the Cabinet Office in those days
for something to be done for this
kind of project to be commenced.
Tam sure the succeeding military
regime did not continue with the |
project. The beginning of the:
policy towards setting up this
type of legal situation are there in
the files of government.

ON NSO

The main offence is exposure
By its name, the NSO or the
Special Branch before it is sup-
posed to be an organisation in-
volved in very discreet work. But
the moment you begin to expose
them to too much limelight, too
much overt activity, then you are :
beginning to comptomise their”
anonymity. and consequently
their effectiveness.

Secondly, I think in any period |
whether in my time or that of my
predecessor if you rest too much

wer in the hands of the secret
organisation, there is bound to be
abuse unless careful «ar-
rangements of administering
these powers are made and these
are the two principal problems.
‘There may be the human factor in
leadership. Approaches of
leaders of. organisations could
differ but the main problem is ex-
posure. When the former military
regime -was getting impatient
with existence of rampant

malpractices, it began to involve
NSO in literally everything on
earth. The organisation had no

preparation for being an om-
nipresent institution. But there
was nothing the NSO was not ask-
ed to do including distribution of
essential commodities in the
local government areas. NSO
was to vet the recipients and
clear traders. It is none of their -
business. In my time, we forged |
this intense cooperation with the
police.so that if something hap-
pened which the security forces
‘did not know; they could be easily
informed to take over. But if we
‘started an investigation which we
thought would ultimately come
{nto the open and be taken to
court, then we took it up to the
stage we thought we could han-
dle, then we handed it back to the
police or we established joint
teams, with the police in the
forefront and the NSO in the
background to handle the issue.
So that jit is the police you see.
Also where the problem had more
to do with Customs, we had
similar arrangement with them.
While they stayed in thé
forefront, we assisted them with
information that we had
gathered. This is the secret to the
success of the organisation. 1
think there is need for govern-
ment to constantly keep these
organisations as servants of the
system. Not in the forefront. For
instance, the NSO was given a
seat in the defunct Supreme
Military Council and it seemed
that it wasn’t utilised to tremen-
dous advantage, Not that the
earliest director of the NSO was
not a memeber-of the SMC, he
was, but in his capacify as a
senior member of the armed
forces. I think it was a mistake
that the NSO was given a seat in
the highest ruling body. If it is to
remain a service and subject to
the checks and controls, then it
should have remained as a ser-
vice. So also is the police. I don’t
believe in the membership of the
police and NSO in the highest rul-
ing body of the nation. They have
no business with ruling or govern-
ment. It detracts from the ability
of the ruling council to contro!
them if they are members. This is
because they tend to explain
away to the ruling body. There,
and then in the council you ¢x-
plain off the issue. If you arb not

31

“there members will.debate your
shortcoming and a decision will
be taken and then government
will take it up with you and give.
you directive. From my ex-
perience, if you are there, you
just explain yourself and that is
the end of the matter.

Why does government need
police and NSO confidence? It is
public confidence that a govern:
ment needs and loyalty of civil
servants. It is just this syndrome
of power we have in us. You have

to be member of this and that,
this person is there, so I must be
there, But if you accept that you
have come to render service, you
do your best. Itis best that you re-
main servant.

[ON N.S.O.REORGANISATION

‘The history of reorganisation
has been moving in circles. When
the abortive coup of 1976 took
place, the government thought
the security system failed
because it was under the police
and the I—G had other things to
contend with and could not be
preoccupied with security alone.
‘Another reason was that in terms
of evolution and progress in
budgetting, a. proper virile
organisation could not emerge
for as long as it is a section of the

police. so NSO evolved and a
decree merged both internal and
external security arrangements
of the nation in this one national
organisation. We operated this
pstem Paine we saw what could

! happen overcentrali

| system is boldly handled, sed
now. trying to forge an ideal,

rather my panel recommended
an ideal in between the two ex-
tremes,

In other words you give some
autonomy to internal and exter-
nal arrangement of security but
then ensure octtat there is an
overseeing ly so that the:
don’t falter the main policy line,
‘These were recommendations
which were based on our ex-
periences which we thought
government-would consfder.
NSO AND CORRUPTION

* Well, that takes us back to my

view about what is corruption.

{ What is legal corruption? What is

statutory corruption? It is a very

1 difficult thing. I had thought it
would’be possible to avoid havin,

to talk about that era -.the second!



wantirig to @ati more’ and. more money
quickly.

76. Mr Speaker, Sir, now that the main

‘ca effects of the Kwachs devaluation

ve worked their way through the
economy, and the supply situation’ is
slowly* improving,
should not act as if there wos no
limit to what the” consumer can pay.
‘Ator all the businoss community has 8
_ vested interest in price stability.

(vi) Stabilising the Bchange Rate

77. Mr Speaker, Sir, now that the
Kwacha, like most other currencies, is
free to find its own level, it is important
that, to stabiliso the rate, we pursue those
policies which will aasist us to regulate

regata demand in the economy. ‘Such
Petcics jnelude reduced access to the

aking system for the purpose of financ-
ing Government expenditure: In 1986
borrowing from the banking system will
be limited to K100.0 million only. This
means that we have to redouble our
efforts to cdllect revenue and to draw
on the grants and credits which have

been extended to Zambia by the donor

community.

8. Tho other way of reducing pressures
on our exchange rate is by controlling
the amount of money Tent by oe Dbankin
system. for consumption shor
tw onrtaled eo ths
to us can be directed mainly to the develop-
ment of our economy. Jn this respect,

I have instracted the Governor of the
Bonk of Zambia to monitor closel
credit expansion to ensure that gro

complies with out ts for the year.
If necessary, commercial banks should
he guided in their lending policy

(vit) Intetest Rates

79. Mr Speaker, Sir, the Inst policy,

area. that will continue to engage our

“attention in 1086 is tho lowering of

interest rates. Interest rates . rose
last year not only for the reasons T have
already discu: but also becausc the
rate of inflation in the country hat been
high in recent years. If the measures
we are taking succeed and if in particular
the rate of inflation in the country is
contained in 1986, the rates of interest
should begin to fall. For, *as wo all
Know, ‘persistently high interest rates
can do harm to tho oconomy by dis.
couraging genuine investmonts.

80. Mr Spoaker, Bir, what T have
been summarising in this part of my
statement are the licies we plan to
follow in 1986, If all those policics taxon

together succeed, which they must, ‘they

will assist the economy to move towards
-the economle recovery that has eluded

our businessmen

t the resources available,

63

ong country for #0 lorig. But liko every:
thing else, polictes do not work on tholr
own. They require to be implemonted
by people and le who are committed
to fieg coume our country. whet I ba
mal an ay ‘appoal to ‘a

of'us to work hea T havo steady made
reference to the generous assistance wo
are receiving from the donors. But, as
His Excellency. tho President has con-

_ tinued to tell us, responsibility for develop-

ing our country lies entirely in our own
hands. Others can only help us.

PART V
BUDGETARY POLICY IN 1986

81. Mr Speaker, Sir, allow mo now
to discuss the budgetary policy for 1986.

82. Earlier this aftornoon, I identified
the imbalance in the Governmont financos
a one of the three basic problems facing
the economy of Zambia today. This

Sblem has eniergod because expenditure

growing faster than the resources. In
recent years,.we have had recourse to
banking sector financing to eupport tho
budget. Let mo explain that there is no
basic problem in borrowing limited
‘amounts from the banking system to

Bu) ublic expenditure. ‘This is parti-
pa tee case ‘hero foreign exchange
ja available to sustain the inereasod
ture. However, when large
‘amounts are involved and forcign oxchan;
ja not readily available enormous economic
difficulties can atise from this typo of
financing. ns
88. Tho, probloms that have beset
our country for tho last one decade
cloarly mean ‘that wo have to continue
reassessing our position in this matter
so that we can reduco this form of finane-
“ing. Unless we do this, the probloms
that have beer with us will continue
unnbated. This is why it is ever so
necessary that wo try to limit our ox-
penditure to the res! resources in hand.

84. Given the limitations on domestic
resources, it will be necessary for us to
eontintie cxploring ways and means of
reducing the rate of expenditure growth.

Last yenr, L.roferred to the high share of

personal emoluments, subsidies and dlobt

- redemption costa in the tatal Government

expenditures, It is my view that these and
related arens should continue to receive the
attention of the Party and its Govern:

“ment with a view to reducing them.

85. Already, Mr Speaket, Sir, the Party
and its Government, have annonneed theit
intention to reduce the size of tho public
service and the number of our diplomatic
missions. These are very importgnt mea-
sures which show our determination to
come to grips with the economic problems
facing our country.



iions continued to function i. A Wits University politics lecturer

tong. after Goniwe's death. ‘ Mark Swilling, who last year spent some

about’ 17 000 ” residents : time in the Eastern Cape, said the street

Was divided into” seven committee structures have particular ad-

zones. About 40 activists Yantages for organising in the current
were assigned to these dif- ° .

ferent areas and were re- . “They can withstand most forms of

sponsible for holding meet- repression. Street representatives can be

ings in each zone. low-profiled and would be protected by

Activists went from the pcople on the street. i the street

street to street and house to representative is detained, the street can

house explaining. to the appoint a new one.
eople what Cradora stood for and what “There would always be leaders to take
it hoped to achieve. Meetings were held over leadership responsibilities,” he said,

in each area to elect officials and each
household could vote for their street re-
presentative. This resulted in the mass

Swilling also said strect. committees
provided a structure for training. *

resignation in November 1984 of all Lin- ““T see the street and aréa committees

gelihle Town Council members. as the basis of the people’s power. Thi
The street committees are very fifec: represent the alternative form of self
pecially’ because of 1, the povernment that the people are demand-

SADF raids in the areas
and the curfew, Jack said.

“They are what the Freedom Charter —

“The street and area which was adopted in Kliptown in 1955 -
committees are addressing calls democratic organs of self govern-
specific problems arising ment,” Swilling said. .
from our situation, The : é
consumer boycott of white : 1

businesses was conceived
at-such a meeting and it
lasted for four months,”
said Jack.

_ “At the moment we are
tackling the presence of
cops in the area and the
education problem. The
rent issue will be discussed
soon,” he said.

Leaders were also con-
tinually being harassed,
killed and others like the
three Pebco leaders — Si-
pho Hashe, Qaqawuli Go-
“dolozi and Champion Ga-

lela—have disappeared without a trace.
With the street committees it takes
only a few hours to announce a meeting or

, the death of a member, Jack said.

/12828 :
CSO: 3400/1148

100



U.S. BID TO HALT MINES MERGER FAILS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Feb 86 p 13

{Article by Tony Stirling]

{Text]

AN American bid to
halt the proposed
merger of five Free
State gold mines failed |
yesterday when share-
holders gave the Anglo
American plan just
under three percent
more than the 75 per-
cent majority — it
needed.

From the final voting
figures produced after the
meeting of Free State Ge-
duld’s shareholders yes-
terday, it appears that
proxy votes, which were
heavily canvassed _ by
Anglo prior to the initial
meeting at the end of
January, were the’ decid-
ing factor.

A total of 51 sharehold-
ers representing 4 197 598
of the 10 440 000 shares
held, attended the meet-,
ing.” _

19317
cso: 3400/1117

In addition there were
547 shareholders rep-
resented by proxy owning
1 879 266 of the shares.

Holders of 131451
shares abstained from
voting.

‘Of those who voted,
77,97 percent were in
favour of the scheme de-
vised by. Anglo for a
merger of the mines,
which gave Anglo 2,97

> percent more than the re-

quired 75 percent majori-

ty.

With the Anglo group
controlling just under half
of the shareholdings re-
presented at the meeting,
it needed about an addit-
ional 26 percent to carry
the vote in favour of the
merger.

In the event, it ob-
tained nearly 29 percent
‘of the-31 percent of the
shareholders represented
by proxy, which bears tes-

“timony to Anglo’s efforts

to secure proxies before
the initial meeting on
January 28, which was ad-
“Journed because of the
number of questions ask-
ed.

Those who voted
against totalled just over
22 percent of the share-
holdings represented.

“That was a bit of a
sweat,” one ‘Anglo offic-
ial commented after the
meeting. “We had not ex-
pected it to be quite that

* close.”

The resistance shown

: by certain American in-

vestors, openly confirmed
by Anglo sources yester-
day, was largely ascribed
to a wish to see quick re-
tums on _ investment
rather than. serving the
longer term interests con-
tained in the Anglo merg-
er plan.

122

SOUTH AFRICA

[Amiong the main pow
tive features of the merg-
er proposal is that it will
offer the mines in ques-
tion a longer life through
the investment of more
development capital
while administration and
other costs will be reduc-
ed. ’

Voting for the scheme
by shareholders of the
other mines involved in
the plan, __ President
Brand, President Steyn,
Western Holdings and
Welkom, was overwhelm-
ingly in favour of the
merger.

The final stage will be
reached in the Rand Su-
preme Court next week
when court _ sanction,
which is considered a for-
mality, is sought as the fi-
nal step in the creation of
the world’s largest gold
mining company.


/12828
cso:

This is merely delaying the in-
evilable since in years to come
the military will have to buy the
fighter planes, tanks, guns and
other military hardware anyway.
The financial problem of Nigeria
armed forces is rooted in their
overheads.

The defence expenditure sav-
ings referred to above has in fact
been wiped out by the increase in
allocations to the police. And if

the police, prisons, tne ministries |

of defence and justice and their
agencies are grouped together
under national security they ac-
count for almost a quarter of the
recurrent estimates for the whole
nation, This is very lopsided.,
The nation’s health care,
delivery system has to de-em-
phasize curative measures for
reventive ones. This has not
Been recognised and spelt out in
the budget. No nation judges the
effectiveness of its health care
system by the amount of money it

3400/1128

spends on building hospitals and_
buying drugs. The hitherto aban-
doned environmental sanitation
campaign has to be revived and
pursued with greater vigour.

Similarly, educational develop-
ment and improvement is not”
necessarily a function of physical
structures. Educational
necessities are in fact not tall
buildings, student hostels or
walls round campuses. They are
rather.
and equipment. The government
should, therefore, ensure that the
huge sum allocated to
rehabilitate educational institu-
tions is only applied in this
regard.

A budget is merely a statement
of intentions. Its success lies in its
implementation which in turn
depends upon the effective and
efficient operation of the
machinery o government. This
requires public servants of pro-
ven competence, commitment to

duty and integrity. The Nigerian’

situation is, however, such that
one can only pray for -the best
performance possible. *

41

imply teachers, . books-



/12828
CSO:

3400/1133

The presence of landmi-
nes in some areas in Sou-
thern Province held back
prospecting work.

Luswishi West showed
Promising potential -for
uranium deposits. Sub-
ject to further detailed pro-
specting, Chipupushi and
Luswishi may yield depo-
sits of — economic
value.

Uranium has been disco-
vered in the Southern Pro-
vince but is subject to
further prospecting ex-
ploration to determine mi-
neral extent and value.
More extensive explora-
tion work will be carried

83

out in known anomalous
areas during this year.

In Kimale and Mwombo-
shi in the North-Western
Province, the areas indi-
cate some uranium prese-
nce but further explo-
ration work is still required
to estimate the economic
value of the deposits.

The review also reports
that Mineral Exploration
(MINEX) completed ‘a re-
port on Nambala Iron
Ore deposits. About 40
million tonnes of good
quality iron were proven
at Nambala Hill, with about
138 million tonnes of lower
quality ore.



and a decompressed salary structure. This is a modified version of the com-..
mission's recommendations of 13 percent increase for the entry points of the’
bottom grades and 15 percent for the middle grades.

Mr Speaker, I wish to call the attention of honorable members and the nation.
asa whole to the tasks that the commission faced in its work. While there”
was a pressing need to come up with salaries and wages adjustments that could
compensate those Botswana in formal employment for the effects of inflation
of their income and perhaps even to increase them in real terms, there was
another overriding consideration regarding the welfare of. those seeking jobs,
in the formal sector. To this end, the salary increases recommended by the
commission and accepted in modified form by government represent a compromise
between opposing objectives of employment creation and large sdlary increases
for those in formal sector employment.

Large salary increases would stifle the employment creation objectives be-
cause, as the cost of labor increases, employers choose the capital intensive

methods and save on labor.

Mr Speaker, I want to reiterate that the government remains committed, to the
incomes policy, the objective of which is to maintain a reasonable balance’

between the minimum wage in the formal sector jobs and the average income in
the productive sector. of the rural economy.

:
Mr Speaker, as I have already intimated, this honorable house approved. a.
government white paper in 1982 which, among other important issues, contained
therein recognized the compressed nature of the salary levels. of the. super-
scale cadre and the need to improve them. . In pursuance of these objectives,
the commission recommended the decompression of the salaries of the super-scale
cadre by instituting a 10 percent differential between the respective, super=
scale salaries. The government has accepted the commission's xecommendation
on decompression, taking. into account the increased responsibility shouldered
by officers in the cadre but with somewhat. reduced figures, . ie 7

For the coming financial year we have adopted a new. accounting procedure for
the treatment of Central Transport Organization [cro]. services. /Payments for
the Central Transport Organization services are now treated as expenditure by
the ministry concerned as well as by the CTO. However, this is met by an equal
increase in CTO revenues. Any meaningful comparison with figures produced in
previous years must take into account this amount 37 million pula,, which
represents no real change.

Mr Speaker, the total for the financial year 1986-1987 is expected to ,(?reach)
1,195 million pula, representing a nominal increase of 14.3 percent on the
latest estimate for 1985-1986. It is worth noting, Mr. Speaker, that our total
revenue should pass 1 billion for the first time. This is a historic. achieve-
ment bearing in mind that in 1967-1968, the first full financial year after.
independence, the total revenues were the equivalent. of. 15.4 million pula.

Of this, Mr Speaker, 9 million pula took the form of aid. : »



Briefs

Importers May Be Required To Use National Carriers
(Jonathan Emereole; DAILY STAR, 31 Jan 86) cenecccccccvceee

New, High Import Duties Scare Off Importers
(Yakubu Momodu; SUNDAY TIMES, 26 Jan 86) seveceevcccecceves

Implementation of Export Incentive Program Hinges on Decree
(DAILY TIMES, 31 Jan 86) ...sseeee

Government. Expenditure on Parastatals Outlined
(NEW NIGERIAN, 27 Jan 86) ...+.

Panel on Countertrade Inaugurated
-  “" (NEW NIGERIAN, 28 Jan 86) ceecececccecccrccerereesscenceeee

Low Prices, Few Buyers Cause Fariners To Turn To Barter Trade
(Salisu Nainna; DAILY TIMES, 27 Jan BG) ceceeccccccncceecer

Nigerian Airways Sacks Top Management
(Zakari Adamu; DAILY TIMES, 1 Feb 86) v.sceveeeeseesereeeees

Refinery Operation Taken Over by Petroleum Corporation
(Lola Ibironke; DAILY TIMES, 30 Jan 86) .sescevssesereeeees

Import Licence Delays Ajaokuta Plant Construction
(THE TRIUMPH, 27 Jan 86) cecescseeecccicerccscveccreceseees

‘* Bauchi Airport Expansion
Strike Causes Factory Closure
Four Ministries Schéduled for Abuja Move

SOMALIA

ZAMBIA

Briefs
Recent. Clashes Reported

“1986 Budget Speech Announces New Economic Measures

(Luke Mwananshiku; ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 1 Feb B86) ceeeccceeee

Government Accepts Recommendation on Campus Control, Student Unrest
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 7 Feb 86) .sscceceeececeeccsccsecescees

Civilian Workers at Air Force Base May Lose Jobs
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 7 Feb 86) csccsecesecerccececrceccrssee

Unofficial Kwacha Devaluation Brings Down Consumer Prices
- (SUNDAY TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 9 Feb (eee cn

42

43

4h

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

51

52

53

71

73



NIGERIA

DEFICIENCIES IN 1986 BUDGET EXPLORED

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 28 Jan 86 pp 5, 12
[Article by Ibrahim Dogo]

[Text] sip euphoria that greeted the 1986 budget. is most un-
precedented in the fiscal history of Nigeria. For the first time sup-
port demonstrations were organised by some groups almost at the
very time the President was presenting the budget to the nation.
Encomiums for the budget allocations and the policies contained

* therein started pouring in tong before the minister of finance outlin-
ed the detailed aspects of the budget. The budget, as a whole has
heen described as a masterpiece, 2 development plan and even as

the best ever prepared for the country.

Since almost all the merits of |
the budget have been highlighted, .
discussed and extensively
culogised, this article will not
risk boring readers with the point
already well known and digested.
Rather, it will concentrate on ex-
Posing and analysing the short-
‘comings of the budget almost all
of which have been either timidly
pointed out or deliberately
overlooked.

The basic objective and in fact
the underlying philosophy of the
1986 budget clearly seems to be a
return to orthodoxy; a rolling
back of the frontiers of govern-
ment and the minimisation of its
direct involement in productive |
economic activities. The ultimate
Goal is, therefore: a laissez faire
system to be achieved through :
privatisation and commercialisa-
tion, The economic ideology is
monetarist and the development
strategy is external sector-
oriented. ‘

Dr. Kalu, the finance minister,
might have unwittingly identified ,
himself with the unpopular camp.
in the I.M.F. controversy. But he
has undoubtedly succeeded in

etting the national budget .

fashioned on his own ideas and
beliefs. In this respect he is a win-
ner and not a loser.

; budget. This should “he

j revenue
‘the reasonableness of the
responding budget alloc:

“in a developing country like

Nigeria interest seems to be ex-
clusively concentrated on budget
allocations rather than the more
significant aspects of budget
philosophy and the course. it
charts for the econmy. A cri
evaluation of revenue
is. therefore, imperative as
t step in analysin,

slimates are and thus
or:

Budget preparation is, after all,
hasically an exercise in antic
tion aud prediction; in fact a
formed guesswork.

The tendency in Nigeria over
the years is to be overoptimistic
in revenue’ expectations. Since
the pation relies on the external
sector for the bulk of its revenues
such a disposition has on may oc-
casions proved disastrous. It has
in fact been the bane of most of
the country's development plans.

The total estimated external oil
earnings for 1986 is pul at over NB
billion. Given the current world
oil market instability, the  in-
creasingly dwindling OPEC's
share of the market-just about 30

38

per cent, and the impending price
war between OPEC and non-
OPEC members, this estimate is
undully optimistic. The Nt.5
billion estimated as foreign earn-
ings from the nén-oil sector is
similary questionable.

In the light of the foregoing the
maximum of 30 per cent of
foreign exchange earning ex-
pected to be set aside for debt ser-
vicing gives the nation a rather
false hope. This is more so in that
anagreement has not been reach-
ed with the country’s external
creditors on the -
rescheduling. ‘The most likely
Situation is tha( the creditors will
lake a harder tine than before
and thus demand a greater chunk
of the foreign exchange earnings,
if only as, a punishment’ for the
nation’s refusal.to take the ILM. F.
Joan. The budget should have. ta
be on the safe side, Provided for
this eventuality.

What should. after all, be
rne in mind is that over 6.5
billion US dollars debt repayment

we of debt |

i

commitments will be due in 1986. |

‘In the event of any rescheduling

agreement not being reached this
will claim over 60 per cent of the
anticipated foreign earnings for
the year, .


apply to those who will require to maké
remittancos. Under tho exchange control
instruction alroady issued by tho Bank
of Zambia, the remuneration of expatriates

will, with effect from Ist January, 1986,
bo in two parts. One part will consist of
‘an inducoment allowanco, This allowance
Will be used to make remittances of up to
US $6,600 « year. The other part will
consist’ of a salary to. be paid locally in
Zambia.

144, L wish to proposo that the induce-
mont allowance should bo tax-froo. But
where the allowanco is paid by tho
employer, it should not bo deductablo for
tax purposes. In allowing the inducoment
allowance to be tax-freo, I am conscious
of the fact that 9 cortain amount of tax

xevenue will be lost. To recoup part of *

this loss, I am proposing that the tax
schedule for those who require to make
roinittances will be as follows:

Rate of
Tar

Taxable Income (per cent)
Tho first K2,000..  .. (10.0
Noxt K3,500 5. 2s. 25.0
Noxt K4,600 4... 40.0
Next K5,500 1. 65.0
Noxt K6,500 1.7". 65.0
Noxt K8000. .. ss 70.0
Excess :. oe oe 16.0

145, These rates aro somowhat higher
than those applicable to those who do
not have to remit, But whon the induce-
mont allowance is taken into account,
it will be found that these rates are very
fair.

146. I realise, Mr Speaker, Sir, that
those expatriates in the public service
who are on Zambian local conditions of
sorvico and who do not receive any
supplementation of their salaries may
faco somo problems in making remittances
because of the depreciation of the Kwacha.
Let me assure them that this matter is
boing looked into.

(vi) Housing Allowance and Mortgage
Interest

147, Mr Spoaker, Sir, the Party and
its Government have decided that where
‘any of their employees builds a house
for the cecupation of the owner, the
ousi allowance able should

fro of tax to allow tho ownor to, ment
mortgage payments and to maintain the
house. Although originally the decision

was applicable only to those in the public
service, the Inw has to caver all those who
jure in aimilat situation, ‘Chis means that:
g, allowance will be tax-free for all

69

those who receive this henefit but onty
up to -K10,000.00 per yent. But since
niortgage interest is also ftoo of tax,
Tam proposing that individuals be free

to chooso one or the other.

(vii) Car Allowance

148. Mr Spoa‘er, Sir, ono othor point
I want to deal with concorns ear allowancos.
Whero sn omployer, instead of giving a
car to his omployoo as part of his con-
ditions of omployment, gives him an
eo oa. that allowaneo should not be
taxable, But there should be a coiling of
K7,200 a year. ,

(viii) Taxation of Married Women

149. Mr Speaker, Sir, for n long time
married working» women have been
complaining that all tho tax, bonofits
granted wnder our tax legislation have
fone to their husbands. Mr Speaker, Sic,
the situation at the moment is as follows.
In the caso of marriod allowance, this
generally, goes to the husbands, But there
Fe provision for tho wifo and husband to
share the amount, In addition, if the two
‘agree, the total provision can be transferred
to the wife. Our experience shows that
yenorally these provisions havo been
satisfactory and not many. complaints

have beon raised, /

150. Where perhaps: thore is somo
controversy is with regard to child
allowance. At prosont, this invariably
sgoca to the husbunds. Working wives
have, therefore, been _ complainin,
that this is unfair. To some ‘extent, i
recognise somo validity in tho com.
plait. 1 am, theroforo, proposing that
ghild’ allowanco should “in futuro be
devided on a fifty-fifty basis betwoen a
married man and his working wife. Where
the man or the wife alone is working
he or she will, of course, claim tho allow-
‘ance which, incidentally, T am proposing
to increase from K325.00 to K330.00 per
child, Mr Speaker, Sir, this is as far os £
can go on this matter. All other problems
will have to be resolved by the couples
themselves. ‘

161. Mr Speuker, Sir, all these income
tax changes will take effect from . lst

April, 1986 oxcopt for tho taxation of
those-who havo to romit which will become
effective from Ist January,- 1986 whon
the new aystom came into effect.

(ey Property Transfer Tax

152. Mr Speaker, Sir, most of the
micaaures I have just annownool will
involve a considerable loss of revenue.



/12828
cso:

3400/1134

There 12 teachers care for about 60 chil-
dren aged from eight months to four years.
The nursery is a bare, run-down house down
a dirt road with little decoration,

Greeting visitors the children sing “Ring-
a-ring-a-roses” and freedom songs in Zulu.
To the tune of “Oh my darling Clementine”,
they form a circle and sing “Thina sizwe
esintsundu sikhalela iAfrika” (“We, the
blacks, are crying for our land ... let it come
back to us, let it come back, let Africa come
back”). — Sapa-Reuter

78



JPRS-SSA-86-031
12 March 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

Reproduced From
Best Available Copy

| 999 { 2 | 3 { 48 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A

proved for Public Release
Distribution Unlimited

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY :
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INFORMATION SERVICE p.

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22162



PROFESSOR:

DEPRIVATION IN HOMES ROOT OF BLACK SCHOOL CRISIS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 18 Feb 86 p 15

[Article by Sun Leeman]

[Text]

Deprivation in the home and
Jack of parental support
have more effect on the
scholastic performance of
black pupils than does any
so-called language barrier,
according to Professor AL
Mawasha of the Department
of Language Methodology at
the University of the North.

Professor Mawasha told
delegates to a Pretoria con- ,
ference on the role of lan- |
guage in black education |
yesterday he was not aware |
of any scientific studies»
which showed the first lan-
guage-second language issue
was even a critical factor in
school performance.

“In the absence of such
evidence this area remains
an information gap,” he
said.

Professor Mawasha said
in his experience, variables
such as deprived home en-
vironments with accom-
panying poor study facili-
ties, non-existent parental
support, poor school facili-
ties, poor health and diet fa-
cilities, racial, social and po-
litical tensions could well be
very important in affecting
the scholastic performance
of a black child as compared
with his white counterpart.

“But this is yet to be con-
firmed by research. Studies
are urgently needed in South
Africa if we are to make a

” scientific statement on this.”

Professor Mawasha said
black pupils should not be
underestimated in their use
of English adding it was un-
true to say a black man
could not master the lan-
guage.

But, he said, there were
three main problems related
to the use of English as me-
dium in black schools:

@ Not all teachers were ar-
ticulate in English.

@ The pupils’ environment
was not supportive of Eng-
lish as a medium.

@ Many pupils were not
enough at home with Eng-
lish to use it properly for ac-
quiring, storing and trans-
mitting knowledge.

These problems should be
dealt with at two levels, In

the first place, teacher
training colleges should in-
tensify their programmes in
English to upgrade teachers’
use of the language.

“The mistaken notion that
teachers who teach English
or use it as a medium should
be mother tongue speakers
of English needs to be
buried once and for all. it is
logistically impossible to
man all black schools with
English first-language
Speakers and it is also. mis-
chievous to say black people
are inherently incapable of
mastering English,” he said.

104

SOUTH AFRICA


Analysis of certain materials and sub-
stances involve the same technology as
ears ago, he says, but through automa-
ion and ¢ com] ling power, reliable re-
sults are available in seconds.
Engineers using waveform analysis to
find out, for example, why a turbine
blade breaks at a certain stage, have
instant access to results throt rer-
ful microprocessors linked to tur-

e.
oe age of the slide-rule and the
scientific pocket calculator is gone,”

Ff eroprocessors do today what
can do
_mainframe computers did yesterday.
“Integration will improve, leading to
smaller, more powerful and reliable
instruments that consume less energy,”

he says.
There is full agreement that SA should
be involved in cutting edge of tech-

nology.
Productivit and competitiveness are”

at stake, say the exj

Information

According to IBM’s Dry: “Information
technology increases productivity not
only of people but of the entire invest-
ment, with capital costs, material costs
and energy costs all taken into account.”

Manufacturing, he says, involves time
and information gaps between design,
procurement, production, administra-

tion and dispatch. Information techno-
logy makes it possible to reduce these

gaps.
Rs a result, products and manufactur-
ing processes can quickly be modified.
Where until now local manufacturers
have tended to rely on economies of
scale, they will increasingly have to
ay jue
pply mass production techniques to
shaller batches and still show a profit,
In addition, they should adapt to oper
atin, pith reduced stock levels and
work-in-progress,
« y can achieve this by using tech-
nology to link component suppliers with
those who are assembling finished pro-

ducts,” says

Dry.
Altech’s "Facobson: “You're either in it,

or youre out.

“To be really in it is to do your own
development. It enables youte ofet a feel
and ability to predict wl gs are

ers not ly at the high-tech ed;

really at the

says Jacobson. y et Be
‘In terms of our of techno-

” Jogy, we are. We can pick off the shelf a

high-tech device made somewhere else
wt the most advanced processes avail-
able.”

But if SA does not undertake its own
development, he says, it will look to a
future without meaningful industry.

sve, ill be cut off from the rest of the
world.”

S.A.MARKET FOR ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS,
| EQUIPMENT & SYSTEMS, 1984

6

68) COMPONENTS)
22,7] EDP EQUIPMENT,
17 TEST & MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT)
2,9 TRANSPORT INSTRUMENTS & EQUIPMENT,
7.8] OFFICE & BUSINESS EQUIPMENT
4 PROCESS CONTROL EQUIPMENT)
19,3 TTELECOMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT)
1.8 SURVEILLANCE EQUIPMENT)
0,1 ROBOTIC EQUIPMENT)
3,4] POWER-RELATED EQUIPMENT)
16,8 ‘AUDIO & VIDEO EQUIPMENT)
2,3 MEDICAL, EQUIPMENT)
48 SOFTWARE)
x) OTHER)
a) SPECIALISED MILITARY EQUIPMENT)

‘Bource:BUSINESS AND MARKETING INTELLIGENCE

127



Peace Day Ends in Violence, 6 Arrested .
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 27 Jan 86) ..scccusccevvcvvenee

At Least 3 Injured, by Jean Sutherland
Editorial Challenges Law, by Brian Jones

Democratic Turnhalle Alliance To Try.To Become Single Party .

(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 16 Jan 86) Lt beeen eee eneneeeene

No Mechanism Seen To Deal With Political Objectors

(Jim Freeman; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 10 Jan 86) seadeee ls

Constitution Termed Deviation From UN Resolution 435. A
(Jean Sutherland; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, | 14 Jan 86) eee

Justice Hiemstra Views Work of Constitutional council

(THE NAMIBIAN, 17 Jan 86) seceseeiccceceeeeessereeeeeter:

Justice Hiemstra Sheds Light on New Constitution
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 7, 14 Jan’86; THE NAMIBIAN,
17 Jan 86) .

No Repeat of AG 8, by Jean Sutherland : :
Press Conference Remarks

Ethnicity Given New Twist

Human Rights Violations Seen, by Gwen Lister

Vital Constitutional Issues Raised in Supreme Court la
(Jean Sutherland; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 29 Jan 86) ...
; :

Danger of Unrealistic Economic Optimism Seen

(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 10 Jan 86) secececesseseeeecees .

NIGERIA

Former NSO Leader Discusses Timely Issues, Role of Security
(Alhaji Umaru Shinkafi; NEW NIGERIAN, 31 Jan, 1 Feb 86)

New Government Appointees Sworn In
(DAILY TIMES, 31 Jan 86) vesccencccevccsccesecceveceeeuse

OIC Membership Probe

(NEW NIGERIAN, 29 Jan, 1 Feb 86; DAILY TIMES, 31 Jan 86) _

Government Forms Panel
Moslem Body Opposes Panel
Students Demonstrate Against Panel, by Yusuf Ozi Usman

Deficiencies in 1986 Budget Explored :
(Ibrahim Dogo; NEW NIGERIAN, 28 Jan 86)" .

-b-

"16

. 16

17

18

“19
20

“22

29

30

35

36

36
36
37

38


/12828
cso:

3400/1148

Secondly, Professor
Mawasha said, there should
be properly structured in-
service training in English
for those teachers already in
schools.

Professor Mawasha said
he believed English would
remain the medium of in-
struction in black schools
for many years to come.

However, as the South
African Government be-
came more representative,

-black South Africans would

probably elevate black Jan-
guages to the same status as
English in schools, colleges
and universities.

“This would probably be
done in order to bring the
multilingual and multicul-
tural nature of the sub-conti-
nent into focus and so con- ,
trol the problem of language
being the traditional South
African polariser”. ©

105



19317
cso: 3400/1114

"NO BITTER DIVISIONS, SAYS THE JUDGE
AND WHILE JUDGE HIEMSTRA assures the public that ‘there
are no deep ideological problems’, one wonders whether the Na-
tional Party, among others, is likely to sanction the scrapping of
ethnic governments, notwithstanding the fact that they were sig-

+ natory to the socalled Windhoek Declaration, or any other decla-

ration for that matter.

In fact the six parties represented in the interim government are signa-
tory to yet another document, namely UN Resolution 435, which all of
them approved (some with reservations) several years ago.

This however, they have conveniently forgotten, or have chosen to for-
get, and it wouldn’t be too surprising if they ‘forget’ about some of the
declarations and documents they are presently signatory to.

Just one example of their ‘forgetfulness’ is the fact that the interim
government does not adhere to its own socalled Bill of Fundamental
Rights, as recent legislation has amply demonstrated.

SOME MATTERS CONVENIENTLY FORGOTTEN
MATTERS SUCH AS discrimination, ethnicity, exploitation of

natural resources and so on, were condemned by the Judge, who

implied that ‘in a new order’, and in terms of the ‘new constitu-
tion’, it was his own interpretation that there would be little room
for racial and ethnic discrimination.

He failed however, to mention certain crucial violations of human rights
which continue to be perpetrated with socalled Bill of Fundamental Rights
is in force. Detention without trial is but one example.

It already appears as if delegates are not taking their task too serious-
ly. If it were such a priority to draw up an independence constitution
(as they insist it is), then they would not have gone into recess to deter-
mine ‘methods of procedure’. And they are being paid well for calling
in various ‘constitutional experts’! and taking it upon themselves to draw
up a constitution for people whom they do not represent.

THE CONTINUING LIP SERVICE TO A ‘DEFUNCT’ PLAN

DESPITE THEIR OBVIOUS antipathy toward Resolution 435,
the interim government members make certain to pay lip service
to the settlement plan, claiming that the socalled Council is oper-
ating within the parameters of the said Resolution (with one or
two small exceptions, of course). . ,

Parties presently in the interim government were among those who
have asked the South African Government in the past, to state its inten-
tions with Namibia. .

And now the people are calling upon the interim government to do
the same.

To state their intentions concerning Namibia. Clearly and une-
quivocally.

Why should the majority be satisfied with the promise of a better deal
to come, but be told simultaneously that the ‘constitution’ will take two
years to write. In the meantime, nothing changes.”

Mr Justice Hiemstra expressed the feeling that the proposed interim
government ‘constitution’ would ‘gain legitimacy’ through constant in-
formation to the people. I have the feeling that he’s wrong.

26



19347

ART100-a~ montn “apart |
ment. . .

f° Mr Sithole works on
‘pooks and articles at a!
{ Formica-topped kitchen
; table, penning in a neat, |
_Schoolish hand his opposi-
‘tion to “Socialism and
‘communism” , in‘ Zim-|
babwe.”

Africa, says the Minis-
ter of the United Church}
.of Christ, was not suited!
‘to the “Godless tenet” of

Marx,” + ‘|
j. “It is exactly the same,
- thing is a Colonial State,”

he says, “the Marcist

State has to be over-

thrown, one way or an-'
other, before'the African

State can be established. ;
» “I don’t know what can

be done. But I know I will

pessibte pen as much as

le. .
Wintry chill

F*-Unlike Angolan rebel

leader Jonas Savimbi, Mr
sSithole does not ~ seck|
jmilitary support from the
‘United States. Dr Savim-
bi was feted at the White
House as a freedom fight-

cso: 3400/1112

er recently ir Sit-*
thole, in tightly-buttoned

woolen ° cardigan,
struggled with a wintry
‘chill on the other side of
town.

Mr Sithole lectures to
church, business and so- -
jeial groups on African |
f politics, writes — he is’
Seeking a publisher for a
fnew book, Marxism and

Independent Africa —!
and works, with the aid of
+ R98 000 grant from a:
conservative foundation, '
.on a study of “The Secret
i ‘of America’s Success”.
. His wife Vesta, (46)
shares his exile and does
his typing. Their five
, grown children . are in
Zimbabwe.
Mr Sithole and an
Ethiopian exile have
ffounced the African Hu-
man Rights Committee to

probe political persecu-
tion.

¥-He says the Western
jmedia have: focused on
* abuses of power hy White
African governments
while ignoring those by

85

[Black rulers, giving thé’
Blacks “the feeling they
can do what they like with
their own people”.

Is the record of Black
rule, therefore, an argu-
ment for continued White

:Supremacy, as often
| claimed in South Africa?

“I understand the argu-

!ment perfectly and I
Would be dishonest to my-

self if I started arguing
: against it,” he says.

Dismantle Marxism

“But in spite of all that,

, it does not mean the Afri-
can people in their home’
must be denied their free-
dom, they have got to
find (their way) out of

their problem.”

Mr Sithole rivets the
listener with a piercing
stare once familiar on
front pages and television
screens in Rhodesia and
| Says: “One of my greatest
| joys is a deeper satisfac-

tion that I helped to dis-
mantle White supremacy,
and I hope I shall live to
dismantle Marxism in

; Zimbabwe.. — Sapa-

| Reuter.



MAIZE PRICE TO BE DECONTROLLED

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 31 Jan 86 p 1

[Text]

GOVERNMENT is to
decontrol the producer
price of maize during the
1986/87 season, Minister of
Agriculture and Water
Development General King-
sley Chinkuli told Parlia-
ment yesterday.

Gen Chinkuli said when
answering supplementary
questions from backbench-
ers on his ministerial state-
ment over the recent in-
crease of fertiliser prices
that when considering the
crop producer prices for
the next season, Govern-
ment would set a minimum
price for which farmers

could sell-their maize.

Farmers would be free to
sell at highest prices they
considered profitable and
he hoped this would en-
courage them to grow
more.

He told the House that he
would soon introduce a Bill
giving details about what

19317
CSO: 3400/1109

the Government inte:.ded to
do to boost agriculture.

In his ministerial state-
ment, Gen Chinkuli defend-
ed the increase of fertiliser
prices from K26.75 to K48
by Namboard because it
had to survive.

The introduction of the
foreign exchange auction-
ing system had made the
cost of imported fertiliser
high as letters of credit for
the commodity were matur-
ing at new rates of the
Kwacha to a US dollar.

Namboard would now
require to pay K18.1 mil-
lion for fertiliser that was
received in 1984 alone. In
addition, the Nitrogen
Chemicals of Zambia
(NCZ) had increased prices
of fertiliser from K35 to
K65,

The imported fertiliser
which arrived last year was
now costing Namboard K75

80

ZAMBIA

a bag which meant that the
92,000 tonnes of fertiliser it
needed to import between
now and October, would
cost K75 a bag.

For every bag sold
between October 1985 and
January 27, 1986, Nam-
board would lose K48.05,

“Mr Speaker Sir, .how
could Namboard continue
to provide marketing ser-
vices with such huge losses?
In the past, this could be
Possible due to massive
subsidies but the Govern-
ment’s financial position
cannot accommodate any
more subsidies,”

Although the decision to
increase fertiliser price was
made by the Central Com-
mittee, Namboard acting
general manager, Major-
General Charles Nyirenda
was in order to make the
announcement.



CHAD

NDJAMENA RADIO CRITICIZES RFI REPORTAGE ON CHAD FIGHTING
4B192143 Ndjamena Domestic Service in French 1845 GMT 19 Feb 86

[Station commentary]

[Text] After the ridiculous scenario reported by one of its correspondents
in the occupied zone with a view to psychologically preparing the Libyan
aggression of 10 February 1986, Radio France International [RFI] again return-
ed with sweeping and inaccurate statements still favoring the (?utterances)
of the unconditional supporters of Tripoli who [words indistinct] the loss
inflicted by the Chadian National Armed Forces [FANT] on their masters at
Kouba Olanga, Oum Chalouba-Kalait, Zigey, and Koro Toro areas which RFI claims
to be still under the control of the Transitional National Union Government
{GUNT] and their master. ,

But what exactly is the RFI reporter aiming at? Is it lack of information?
That cannot be the case because we know that the AFP special correspondent,
who went to the battlefield, pointed out to all subscribers of AFP, including
of course, Radio France International that, and we quote the AFP special
correspondent: The government troops totally control Oum Chalouba=Kalait
after the violent battle which took place from 11 to 14 February. Many déad
bodies of rebel soldiers abandoned here and there ‘can be seen as well as
several light machineguns, all-terrain vehicles equipped with canons [words
indistinct] were completely sprayed by FANT fire in Oum Chalouba, unquote.

That is the reality! The reality of defeat and damage done by our forces to
the enemies were noted by independent sources. Why then does RFI try to
counter the accounts of the AFP special correspondent with the statement made
by a certain Abderahmane Moussa, another unconditional ‘supporter of Tripoli
who lives in Paris, more than 5,000 km away from the battlefield. Is that
not a proof of RFI's mind-poisoning campaign aimed, as was the case before

10 February 1986, at preparing people's mind for new Libyan aggression against
Chad? We have no choice but to believe so. . :

In any case, the Chadian people and their valiant army fighting against forces
of aggression will be able to face up to Libya and all its mercenaries and all
those who sell their dignity and the ethics of their profession for a few
pieces of silver.

/8918
cso: 3400/1157



IMPORT LICENCE DELAYS AJAOKUTA PLANT CONSTRUCTION

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 27 Jan 86 p 11

[Text]

/12828

THE site agent of the
Fourgerolle Limited at ,

“the Ajaokuta Steel.

Plant, Mr. Gerard Au-
dineau, has said that
lack of import licence
to bring in some build-
ing materials was hol

ing up the company’s
civil construction work
at the steel complex.

Mr. Audineau told a
News Agency of Negcria
(NAN) correspondent in-
Ajaokuta that esult
of the company’s inabil-
ity to secure import li-

nce in 1985, vital
aspects of the project. in- |
cluding the cable-tunnel

had been stopped tem:
‘porarily. |

He said that because ||
the company was un-
abled to impott-the basic -
matrials needed for pro- ;
tecting the cable tunnel |
Which he said, covered
several kilometres, the
work earlier scheduled to
take 33> months might

cso: 3400/1129

+ again be retarded.

The Site Agent said
that work first stopped In
December 1983 follow:
ing the government's in-

‘ability to -pay for the

work done. :
The recent review of
the project was duc to
the & per cent increase
in the cost of raw mater-
ials and labour in the four
years since the contract
was awarded, he said: .
Mr. Audinaeu said
that about 50 per cent of
the foundation ind civil
construction works had
been completed.
“If the — necessar
materials were provided,
the job could. still be
completed on time”, he
said, adding that the gov-
ernment had paid allthe

debts it owed the com-
pany but that payment
for subsequent jobs had
not been assured.

The Site Agent, who
took the NAN corres-
pondent round the 350
units of civil constructing
on the more urgent parts
of the project id that
the country would have
saved nearly half of the
contract sum had the
project been executed on
schedules

50

NIGERIA



SOUTH AFRICA

AIR FORCE CHIEF WARNS NOT TO UNDERESTIMATE NATION'S TECHNOLOGY

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 8 Feb 86 p 10

[Text]

IN SPITE of boycotts and
the propaganda onslaught
against South Africa by
both the West and the
communist countries, it
would be a mistake, to
underestimate the Re-
public’s ~ technological
capabilities, the chief of
the South African Air
Force, Lieutenant-Gener-
al D J Earp, said yester-
day. :

Gen Earp was speaking
at the: annual Air Force

Day at Voortrekker-

hoogte, which came

shortly after the SAAF’s ©
66th birthday on Feb-

auaty 1.
The SAAF had‘ a re-
sponsibility not only to re-

main fully operational but ;

to modetnise its equip-
ment, the General said.

“In this” technological :

age we cannot afford to
fall behind and the SAAF
regards this responsibility
to be of the utmost im-
portatice. The Air Force
will be modernised —with
or without outside assist-
ance,” Gen Earp told
about 200 invited guests,
including high-ranking of-
ficers and their wives, and
the mayors of Pretoria
and Verwoerdburg.

“When South Africa is
under pressure, as is the
case at the moment, it
would be a very serious
mistake to under estimate
the determination, initiat-
ive and perseverance of
our people,” he said.

In recognition of the
history of the SAAF and
the role it had played in
the development of the
country, Gen Earp said

that plans were well ad-
vanced for the y

new Air Force Museum
on Bays Hill, Swartkop. »

“This museum’ ‘should
act as a reminder of our
{duty to preserve the past
while acting as a source of
‘inspiration and pride for
[the young people of
South Africa.” .

The programme includ-
ed an inspection by Gen
Earp of new recruits, in-
spectors and members of
the women’s unit and an
impressive flypast.

Also present at the Air ~

| Force Day parade was Mr
' Justice Cecit Margo, the
chairman of the Margo
Commission of inquiry
into civil aviation in South
Africa. Mr Margo is an
honorary colonel of 24
Squadron of the SAAF.

19317
sO: 3400/1116

92



GOVERNMENT ACCEPTS RECOMMENDATION ON CAMPUS CONTROL, STUDENT UNREST

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 7 Feb 86 p 3

[Text] GOVERNMENT has accepted a recommendation
that the Party should establish itself at the Universi-
ty of Zambia [UNZA] and make its presence felt
in order to control campus student unrest.

The number of student
publications should be re-
duced to improye their
quality and content and to
control any possible infil-
tration by outside bodies
while the public should be
encouraged to contribute
articles to student papers
whose circulation should
not be restricted.

According to a govern-

ment reaction report re- .

leased yesterday simul-
taneously with the report

the commission of
inquiry appointed by Pre-
sident Kaunda in 1981
to inquire into the affairs
of the university, govern-

ment had dismissed a’

recommendation that the

_ University should revert to

-a unitary system by aboli-
shing the Ndola campus in
Kitwe.

The Commission, chai-
red by Mr Wesley Nyiren-
da, points out that among
the areas of conflicts and

‘suspicion between
students, the Party and Ad-
ministration brought to
its attention by witnesses
included:

* Unenforceable Direc-
tives and Regulations:
By Presidential directive,
some students were su-
pposed to reside off the
campus but they circum-
vented the — directive.
Witnesses complained that
most of these students
were children of highly
placed and - influential

People:

* Conflict of Ideologies
and Clashes over foreign
policy between students

“:and the Party: Students

‘regarded themselves as
stalwart Marxist-Leninists
and were opposed to the
Party’s philosophy of Hu-
manism;

* Presence of military

:and Special Branch perso-

nnel on campus: Students
detested the presence

71

ZAMBIA



republic. The then president was
a fair man and he was so preoc-
cupied with justice and he had the ;
instincts of a judge. Whatever in-
formation given, he wanted pro-
of. And. this culty to give pro-
of especially isterial corrup-
tion would always be there
because ministerial corruption is
one that takes place in cosy
lunges or offices of ministers: Ex-
cept you go about with extra-legal
method of monitoring ministers
which is ‘not healthy in any
system, you cannot get any

tangible judicial type of
evidence. Whenever he accepted
the quality of the evidence we

provided, he acted.

‘There were examples of indict-
ment and measures that led to ac-
tion which consequently resulted
in removal from office. You know
cabinet reshuffles were the end
results of certain chain reactions
and even though none of those
ministers you mentioned was ad-
judged guilty of corruption, it
was to tune up the health of the
government t_ movement of i
ministers was being made. If a
minister tries to interprete his
movement in the context of some
of this chain reaction and events
and leaves, then he is entitled to
his own opinion. What we were
trying to do was to provide basis
for continuous retuning of the ;
good health of the government
and I believe we discharged that
function very well. It is just that it
ig difficult to discharge it fully
ay satisfactorily given the need

ich the system insisted on to
provide evidence. The value of in- |
formation in government is not to '
be the basis for trying anybody
but to give you basis for taking a
decision that is in the interest -of
the nation. Information is suppos-
ed to serve in decision-making. :
Information helps you decide so
that the nation is the better for it,
and government is the better for
it and therefore the public in-
terest is served more. I would
associate the removal of
ministers to corruption but they
are not final outcomes of certain
chain reaction which ended up for
the benefit of the government.

In sounding like the legal draft
I quarreled with, I am
merely trying to protect the Naw
Nigerian and myself. 1 realise
that you cannot go beyond what!
was public knowledge in matters
like this. There is a duty in-

|

hibiting disclosure until certain
times. But time will come when
iblic record will be open for the
enefit of everybody. The peri
is not fifty years. In England it
has come down, In America. it
has also come down. I hope we

would be guided by practices in
those countries.

2 NSO AND MAITATSINE

NSO lost some of its operations
in the Maitatsine episode in Kano
because they had penetrated it.
They had known of its existence
and they had. reported sits ex-
istence to the local system of ad-.
ministration in Kano. So also in
Bulunkutu. There were

* casualties in Bulunkutu. The pro-
blem first with Kano was that the
body polity had been so politicis-
ed that nothing was being seen in
its proper perspective. Danger
signals were twisted to suit the

. political situation.

Maitatsine was not a secret to
the NSO. He had taken on the
police, he had taken on the local
government area. He had seized
aprimary school and he was con-
stantly being called for interview
with the Commissioner of Police
and the Governor invited him for
an interview, I suppose to plead
with him to stop using the

« primary school and closing the
road in front of his house. The
Aniagolu Panel’ said there was
failure to send these signals to the
government. Even then, I think’
that was done properly. I think it
was a problem of failure to read
and, not failure to bring them out

and send them to the governmen
talsystem.

The training is okay for the
stage we are in but the’trouble is
that there is too much expecta-
tion on the part of Nigerians from
the NSO. It is legitimate that a
nation should expect much from
it. But this organisation is
reasonably new. It has just been
excised from the police and it was
gearing itself up to lay the foun-
dations for an intelligence
organisation when suddenly civil
rule returned. And everything
was in pandemonium and one
was literally preoccupied with
trying to secure understanding of
various governments in the coun-
try to give NSO a chance and to
cooperate with it. There was so
much distrust in the states purely
because it is a federal institution:
but nevertheless without excep-
tion, we were able to secure the

32

personal cooperation of the
governors. But this intense ex-
pectation is the problem, Com-
Parisons are easily made with

TA, KGB without rememberin
the ages, experiences an
resources in particular and the
massive budget of those
organisations. I am not saying
Nigeria should fund security to
that colossal level but let us give
our own system time and
cooperate with it so that it has
time to sit up and forge ahead. It
is co-operation that is more impor-
tant than anything else. I am
quite satisfied with the training
and modest successes obtained in
operations, up to the end of the

| Second Republic.

If you expose them, then their
most potent weapon that they are
not known is compromised. Wher
they become known there is no
more to it than this. This is what
NSO means. Again the forces you
are fighting which themselves
are underground become more
difficult to take on because you
have pinpointed your own securi-
ty system. I am not talking of
local crime but larger issue? of
our stability as a nation. We have
taken the old world on on some
issues and should not éxpect that
they would turn round dnd smile.
at us as we ventured into areas of
forceful, militant foreign policy.

We should know that there would
be moves to embarrass us and
show us in a light different from
ourselves. You cannot expect an
exposed NSO to handle problems

of counter-espionage. An ex]
NSO is like a sitting duck.

I think there is tremendous ad-

vantage in having a proper con-
ventional Ministry of Interior
handling the entire spectrum of
security matters especially the
uniformed aspect of it, that is the
police, the customs and the im-
migration. It is working very well
in the Francophone countries and
I think there is nothing wrong
with giving it a trial. There is no
way you can look at Customs.as a
purely revenue institution which
Should remain under Ministry of
Finance ~ecause it performs
very important functions, which
include security functions which
are more relevant in the Ministry
of Internal Affairs than any other
ministry. I think ultimately, we
should try evolve a proper
Ministry of Interior that has a
traditional authority of supervis-
ing and administering the inter-
nal security policies.


NIGERIA

IMPLEMENTATION OF EXPORT INCENTIVE PROGRAM HINGES ON DECREE

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 31 Jan 86 p 2

{Text ]

/12828
CSO:

ANUFACTURERS

‘of Made-In-Nigeria
goods who want to take
advantage of the
‘government’s non-oil export
incentive package have
been asked to wait until
there is an Enabling Decree

of Nigeria reported in Lagos

on Tuesday.

A source at the Ministry
of Trade said that the
Nigerian Export Promotion
Council could not
implement the export
incentives provided in the
1986 budget, until there was
a legal instrument to

them.

whe source disclosed that
the council had suspended
approval on all fresh export
licence _ applications
submitted by would-be
exporters until the
incentives were given the
required legal backing.

The NAN.correspondent

learnt that several
manufacturers who
to the council’s

call for ‘applications to

3400/1128

exporter were anxious for
to enable them
benefit from the scheme and.

to export their products but but
said that

* being put on officials of the the
council for approval.

expected to submit a
satisfactory report on the
status of their companies,
evidence of no restriction on
the products to be marketed
and proof of previous export
experience.

They are also expected to
submit evidence of overseas
contacts - and inquiries,
ability to secure regular

‘supply of products, while

such export products

“4h

should algo have not less
‘than 40 per cent local input
or 35 per cent local value
added. :

Among the export
incentives - contained - in
Ibrahim: *
budget

‘import duty on raw

materials, for - export
products, a refund of excise
duty on export, generous
import licence and .the
retention of 25 per cent of
export earnings in foreign
accounts.

Other incentives inchide
government assistance ‘on
export pricing and: costing,
liberalisation of \ export
licence and the operation of
the export credit guarantee,
scheme:



ALTHOUGH some local authorities have now declared
beaches and facilities “open”, some still separate whites
and blacks.

@ The Cape Town City Council’s Manager of Beach Ameni-
ties, Mr JS Kloppers, said that Sandvlei caravan park was for
whites only and Princess Vlei for non-whites only.

“But there are no signs,” he said.

Mr Kloppers added that all city ‘council civic halls, with the
exception of Muizenberg, were “open”. .

Last year the Department of Constitutional Development
and Planning agreed. to drop restrictions on “mixed dancing,
mixed roller or ice-skating and mixing of races on stage or at
furetions where liquor will be used” at most of Cape Town's

alls,

Sea Point and Muizenberg were excepted at the time be-
cause, said the department, they were in “totally white areas”,

However, the Lansdowne Civic Centre, in a “totally coloured
area” was among the halls given the “open” go-ahead.

@ Cape Divisional Council secretary Mr C H Mocke reported
that major divisional council amenities like the Cape of Good
Hope Nature Reserve and Rondevlei bird sanctuary were open

all.

But Miller's Point caravan park and beach are for whites
only. while Soetwater and Silwerstroomstrand are for non-
whites,

Prominent signboards announce who may or may not use
the facilities,

Some beaches including Hout Bay (harbour end), Swartklip
and other “unspecified beaches” are open to all. Those restrict-
ed to whites include Melkbos, Blouberg, Llandudno, Hout Bay
(Chapman's Peak end), Noordhoek, Kommetjie and Scarbor-
ough. However, there are no signs on some of these beaches,
Mixing has taken place on a small scale on several of them
this summer and no incidents have been reported.

© Beach areas and amenities controlled by the Stellenbosch
Divisional Council are open, says liaison officer Mr FH Ste. -
phens.

“There are no restrictions on our facilities at Macassar and
the stretch from Gordon’s Bay to Steenbras,” he said. “At the
end of last year the first phase of a R4,5-million development
at Macassar was completed and I can tell you the area was
choc-a-block during the festive season.

“People came from all over — there must have been 20 000
to 25 000 over Christmas.”

@ However, at nearby The Strand, there are stretches for
whites, non-whites, and “mixers”. In case you are uncertain
there are plenty of signs to help you make up your mind.

@ Neighbour Gordon’s Bay takes a diplomatic view of

things, says Town Clerk Mr C H Steyn. “It’s a white area so our
beach and holiday resorts are for whites only, but we are
aware of the political climate,” he says. Although the munici-
Palit and petige are coliged to act ogo laints, he said,
ley not “to make an issue of anythin if there
misbehaviour involved. thing’ was no
“We are also obliged to have signboards uj but I would call
them inconspicuous,” he added. “en “
@ Milnerton is, strictl; king, white, but nobody is barred
from using its beaches. Pe ® * y TM
“Not many people swim here anyway because of the strong
currents,” says Town Clerk Mr JH Vel isman, “but people mix
freely on the beaches.

1 “And we have not had any incident that has caused prob-
lems.”

113



REFINERY OPERATION TAKEN OVER BY PETROLEUM CORPORATION

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 30 Jan 86 p 13

[Article by Lola Ibironke]

[Text]

/12828
cso:

IGERIA’S premier oil

refinery, the Nigerian
Petroleum Refining Corpora-
tion (NPRC) is to be taken
‘over by the Nigerian National
Petroleum Corporation
(NNPC). . oO

Prior to this arrangement,
the NPRC was being
supervised by the NNPC
which had a controlling share
of 50 per cent in the venture.
The Ministry of Finance has
30 per cent, Odua Investment
10 percent, and the
remaining 10 per cent is being ,
jointly owned by some
northern andeastem states. ,

The commissioning
ceremony is to take place at
the company’s headquarters
at Alesa Eleme, Port Harcourt
tomorrow by Petroleum
Resources Minister, Alhaji
Rilwan Lukman, and other
executives of the NNPC..

3400/1129

Later, ‘the Board of
Directors of the corporation
will be officially dissolved and.
the NNPC flag hoisted.

Established in 1964, the
refinery was built at a cost of
‘over N20 million.»

The refinery has a crude oil
distillation capacity of over
60,000 barrels per stream
day. Other ‘process units are
the Catalytic Reformer which
has been upgraded from the
design capacity of 4,000 to
6,000 barrels per stream-day,
and the Liquefied Petroleum
Gas unit‘of 60 metric tons per
day capacity.

The Nigerian Petroleum
Refining. Corporation
produces a wide range of
products from two main’
types of crude oil, namely the
Trans Niger Pipe Crude and
the Bonny Medium Crude.

49

NIGERIA



GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON PARASTATALS OUTLINED

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 27 Jan 86 p 16

[Text]

.THE Federal Government
spent well over 36.5 billion Naira
as loans and subventions to its
‘parastatals and companies in six
years, according to the First Bank
‘of Nigeria business and economic
report just released. .

The report explained the
breakdown of the amount which
showed that over 23 billion Naira’
as at October 1985 was granted te
the parastatals and companies as
Joans while 11.5 billion Naira was
given as subventions during the
same period. .

According to the report, the 23

billion Naira was disbursed as”

follows: 11.4 billion Naira in-
vested by the government as
equity investment in the
parastatals and companies and
117 billion Naira granted as
guaranteed loans.

On the 11.4 billion Naira loans,
the report said. the federal
government received interest of
933.7 million Naira, which is an
average of about 159 million
Naira annually while also the
report said the government
received over 94.083 million
‘Naira as interest payment in
respect of the 11.7 billion Naira
loans and guaranteed loans

. respectively. .

The First Bank report describ-
ed the rate of returns yn the loans
as sufficiently distal to warrant
no commentar:.It said in the

/12828

CSO: 3400/1130

case of the equity investments,
compound returns ‘here are less
than 10 per cent which is less at-
tractive than returns on a savings
account which must be one of the
must timid options available in
the economy at present.

On privatisation of government
parastatals and companies, the
report suggested a 10-point agen-
da for consideration by the
government. These suggestions
are that privatisation should con-
stitute a major public policy pro-
gramme, phased over a 10 to 20,
year period and implemented by
a semi-autonomous agency like
the Nigerian Enterprises Promo-
tion Board (NEPB) ‘with the
mandate to systematically
reduce public sector subventions
to parastatals by a well ar-
ticulated privatisation pro-
gramme.

Others are that the privatisa-
tion board should in conjunction
with the Nigerian Stock Ex-
change, the Securities and Ex-
change Commission, External
Accounting Consultants and the
parastatals to be privatised, be
responsible for the revaluation of
the shares of the parastatals con-
cerned, so as to adequately
teflect initial investment in plant
and infrastructure as well as the
reduction or elimination of long
term debt, the purchase of equity
shares in the parastatals should
according to. the suggestion be

45

NIGERIA

limited to Nigerian companies
and nation to the exclusion of
foreign participation.

The report’further said the
distinction between economic
and social parastatals was
superflous and did not answer to
the major issue at hand, like the
propensity of these parastatals to
wastefully consumed large
government subventions. It also
suggested that since it is clear
that privatisation would be a
complex operational exercise
spanning a significant time
frame, that the good should be a
systematic amd phased
withdrawal of the public sector
by the gradual relinguishing of
share ownership with govern-
ment retaining majority owner-
ship at least 51 per cent.



ZAMBIA

UNOFFICIAL KWACHA DEVALUATION BRINGS DOWN CONSUMER PRICES , :
Lusaka SUNDAY TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 9 Feb 86 p 1

[Text] The abundance of bath soap and other washing detergents--resulting
from the auctioning of foreign currency--has forced black marketeers in
Lusaka to reduce prices of their merchandise drastically.

As a result, their goods are selling faster because they are cheaper than
those sold in shops.

A snap survey by the Sunday Times revealed, however, that the black marketeers'

profit margin was far lower than in the past years.
Strike washing powder is sold at K4 or K4.50 depending on bargaining.
In the shops the same item sells at between K4.50 and K5.25n.

Dynamo washing paste which the black marketeers used to sell at K7.50 has
been reduced to K6.50.

In one shop dynamo is sold at K7.50--the price black marketeers were charging
before the items were abundant.

Ebu bathing soap which is sold at K2 in shops is sold at K1.50 a tablet on
the black market.

Lux is selling at K3 on the black market while the shops are selling it
between K3.96 and K4.

One black marketeer said "goods were expensive when there was a shortage.
“But when they are in abundance, customers prefer to buy from the cheap
source," he said.

But in Kitwe prices of commodities on the black market are higher than in
the shops, because of shortages.

Items such as Ebu bathing soap which costs 97n in shops sells at between
K.150 and K2 on the black market. .

74



SITHOLE DESCRIBES HIS LIFE AS EXILE IN UNITED STATES

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Feb 86 p 6

[Text]

‘SILVER |

SPRING, |
Maryland. —‘Like a
fish out of water, the
old guerrilla . chief
gazes from a high-rise
apartment * across’ a
suburban .: American |
Hlandscape and ponders
van African : indepén-
dence story he says
went wrong.

Twenty years ago the
Rev Ndabaningi Sithole, |
a founding father of Afri-
can nationalism, was in ;
jail in Rhodesia, now,;
Zimbabwe, held by its!
White-minority rulers for;
his politics, but convinced
e ‘would triumph; in 4

‘freedom struggle. *
Today he is a prisoner,
of another sort, an exile, )
his leadership - hopes,
dashed, his’ future con-,
fined to another land. «
© He says he cannot re-
tum to Zimbabwe.
Again, he says, his poli-
tics is the cause, Only the}
colour. of his persecutors
‘has changed, he charges. |
Lectures

' As terrorist ‘war and,
racial conflict continue to
‘rack Southern Africa, Mr,
'Sithole “wanders the.
vAmerican lecture circuit,

“cut off from sa ied and
{children, a reminder that
{x0 often iri African poli-
tics it is disastrous to‘nn4
ish second. *~
The man who once
: drew tefts of thousands to
| public speeches in Rhode-
sia cuts a solitary figure
now as he moves unno-
|,ticed .about Washington
[ana suburban "Silver.
{Spring, his new home.“
“It is sad, no doubt
about it,” said Mr Sit-
shole (65). reflecting in an
interview on his rise at the
jetest_ of Rhodesian nat-
fonalism and his fall from.
with his former pol- |
itical pupil, Robert Mu-
gabe, ‘now’ Zimbabwe's
Prime Minister.
. He blames Marxism for |
ithe destruction! of his
ydreams and the troubles |
‘of much of independent |
Africa.

a “Mugabe is a Marxist.
He sees measa threat
T have long said a one-
party State in Zimbabwe
| will be instituted over my -
: dead body. He is aware of «
that.” :
Mr Sithole incurred Mr
Mugabe's wrath in 1979
when he joined Rhode-
sian Premier !Ian Smith

84

ZIMBABWE

| and two other Blacks in a”

‘ eivil war governing. alli-

ance aimed at_ blocking

the terrorist armies of Mr!
Mugabe and Mr Joshua,

Nkomo.

After Mr Mugabe won’
the post-war elections.
> over Mr Sithole and other
‘ tivals, Mr Sithole’s future
jwas bleak. He. com-
plained of persecution by
Mugabe backers and fi-
nally fled two years ago.

Zimbabwe accused him
of plotting a coup with US
help and said he would be
arrested immediately
should be ever return. Mr
Sithole and US officials
deny the conspiracy
|charge.

: After a stay in Britain,
the former schoolteacher
arrived in the United
| States — where he had at-;
tended Massachusetts”
' Andover-Newton Theo-

logical “Seminary from
| 1955-58 — last April.

“1 didn't like the idea
\of being detained again

ter spendin; years in’
‘detention (Grom 1968) |
with the White settlers, 80
I stayed away,” he said in
the newly furnished fivi
lroom of ‘his: 16th floor,



The revenue estimates in
respect of the so called special
funds are equally suspect. These |
are the expected savings from |
the removal of petroleum sub- *,
sidies, import levy and wage and
non-wage contributions to the Na-
tional Economic Recovery Fund
which have been put at N24
billion. . ut
With respect to the much talked 1
about savings from the removal ,
of fuel subsidies, the fact is that
the alleged.losses being iicurred
in the form of the subsidies were
actually opportunity costs not
real cash losses as such. The sub-
sidies were price subsidies and
not cash subsidies as the govern-
ment was merely allowing the '
NNPC to sell the petroleum pro-
ducts at rates below the world
market prices. So the anticipated
savings, put at N900 million by the
President, could only be realised

if demand for the petroleum pro-
fall; orfinthe alters
i Is exter:

nat

nal market for the surplus releas-

ed. Both prospects are actually

bleak. .

What is implied above is that
the fuel subsidy savings may ;
have infact already been
overestimated. ‘The natison’s
universities who are to be part.
beneficiaries of the. expected
funds should be well advised not
to hurriedly engage in capital
undertakings on the anticipation
of money from Lagos. They may |
end up having their campuses lit-
tered with abandoned projects.

The only revenue fairly certain
is the PAYE deductions as con-
tributions to the Recovery Fund.
The estimates for non-wage con-
tributions from companies. pre-
fessional firms and other cor-
porate bodies can only be assum
ed to be realistic if calculated at!
the lowest rate of 5 per cent of |
after-tax profits. This is to take |
account ‘of the possibility of tax .
avoidance and the widely,

. prevalent cases of tax evasion in;

the country. ‘The rate of tax eva- i

in fact been estimated at |

aver per cent meaning that ;

over half of the taxable incomes :
in the country escape tax,

IL is also feared that many pro-
fessional. firms may arrange
their finances in such a way as to |
declare losses during the!
economic emergency period. In;

the same vein? Companies may, *Usjecially (he import lev: -
with the agreement of their tie duty Oe ear anita.
shareholders, defer the declara- {siding foreign consumers at the
tion of dividends. until after the expense of Nigerians. It is most
riod. an : ill-timed, coming at_a_ period
1) Allowance must als6 be made | when domestic subsidies are be-
for official corruption in the ad-} | ing withdrawn. One would have
ministration of the taxes. This i thought all those concessions and
a fact of life in the Nigerian incentives were to be granted to
bureaucracy and which cannot be firms using local raw material
ignored. Thig is more so given the whether producing for export or
soft posture of the Babangida ad- not. .
ministration and its commitment The manufactuing industry
4 human rights. + seems to have a raw deal 1
+ The import lev: the 1986 budget. Industries ai
ay also not viel as much asan- operate at abopt half canacity
ticipated. This, is because the — animport levy of 30 per cent to be”
level of direct import is likely to imposed over and above prevailing
fall for three main reasons: first- duly rates: there is to be further
ly because of the Very levy itself bu tion of the import

sccondly because of the further Reanse issuina process: and the
secondly Misation of the import — Naira is to be allowed to find its
licence issuing process and third value which effectively means

‘Jy because of the decision of the davaluation. All these may not
government to sustain manufac: only push up the costs of produc.
turing firms at only 55 per cent tion but may considerab-
capacity, on the average. ily lower aggregate in-
All the foregoing will lead toa | dustrial output and thus be most
shortfall in the estimated ! inimical to the paramount goal of
revenues accruing to the govern: reviving the economy. Smuggling

_ The budget ciong MAY. aS a consequence. be car-
men cm ‘vill een he ndversely ried out on a higher scale than
affected. ' lever before.

The development strategy as ‘The average return on invest-
can be discerned fromt he budget ment in the manufacturing sector
_is_basically outward-looking of the Nigerian economy has
father than inward-looking always been far below that of the
despite the slogan of self-service sector for obvious reasons.
reliance. There is a sceming This situation will be further
obsession with the earning of worsened by the import levy. the
foreign exchange. Ironically, tis corporate profit surcharge to be
is to be achieved through the imposed across the board and
i ‘on of domestic output” the increase in the dividend
hy should ideally be meant te withholding tax rate. The ag-
cup for the existing shortfall | gregate effect of these measures
Jomestic ageregate supply is that almost 80 per cent of the
Ireliance is not ii incomes generated by the
re tion af impel Mm ‘ manufacturing firms, will go to

act only one aspec’ vernm ‘Ss 5.
ther aspect is not depending too Suction. ramen only seriously
, much fm the export sector. Exe stifle, all forms of manufacturing
na clors are \ us vestment initiati
ra A ountries have Tittle con |ead to’ a iiatner Oe ceed
trol, Diversification of an |development of the Ni;
«conomy. therefore. means divs m . e_ Nigerian
ny eer, me tee_| Hiab bu Hs proce oe
base with a view to meeting” | tors. less pradductive see-
domestic aggregate demand ‘The 1986 budget seems to con
after which stirplus may be ex- tain no any concerted policy ef-
ported to earn foreign exchange. ifn . tackle unemployment
+ A _ beyond the hope that most of the
The alin america 2c, greed wig tke
Negeri od fo the rural areas to take
a. 4 . . p farming, For the unemployed

wee mest So aig mane
only overgenerous but mi: place ad

ed. The entire policy package .

of 30 per cent



CBD MAY BE HAMPERED BY POOR TRAFFIC SYSTEM

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 8 Feb 86 p 3

[Article by Shirley Woodgate]

[Text]

/9317

‘The future of Johannesburg’s
central business district is at.
stake unless the entire trans-
‘port system is upgraded,
chairman of the Transporta-
tion Committee, Mr Danie
van Zyl, warned this week.

A top council official con-
firmed the roads in the city cen-
tre had reached saturation
point, with the volume of traffic
sin the CBD showing virtually no
increase during peak periods
over the past 10 years.

Figures from 1974 to 1984
show that peak hour traffic in
the CBD increased by only
4,7 percent (from about 33000
vehicles to about 35 000) and all-
day traffic into the CBD rose by
only 20percent (from about
207 000 to 249 000). *

But traffic entering the
greater Johannesburg area shot
up by a massive 64 percent and
overall peak hour volumes in-
creased by 54percent from
36 000 to 55 000.

The discrepancy showed
clearly that cars were avoiding
the CBD, said deputy metropoli-
tan planner Mr TI Carlisle, and
the alternatives were clear: im-
prove the flow of people into the
CBD or face its eventual deteri-
oration as people travelled else-
where to do business.

cso: 3400/1117

125

If that happened everyone
would suffer, the business sector
as well as the citizens who
would be saddled with extra
rates.

Mr Carlisle was commenting
in a wider sense on the furore
which greeted the council's at-
tempt this week to get people
back into the buses.

The Transport Department
upgraded the Newlands park- °
and-ride and ‘closed off one of -
the three city-bound _ traffic
lanes for buses only. But the
poorly publicised move caused
early-morning traffic jams on
Ontdekkers and Main roads.

Motorists complained the ex-
ercise was futile as.it had not
improved bus usage, merely de-
layed cars or rerouted them
while half-empty buses shot past
in the fast lane. -

“We have tried most of the
other options to improve the
flow of traffic in the CBD,” Mr
Carlisle said.

“New one-way streets have
been created allowing for
20 percent more capacity, roads
have been widened, robots
synchronised.” s

More buses could be put on

: the routes as demand increased.



SIBONGILE RESIDENTS ENTER 10TH MONTH OF RENT BOYCOTT

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 2 Feb 86 p 4

{Article by Sibusiso Mngadi] '

[Text]

THE cry “Ayithelwa” (we won't pay) has
become’ popular slogan for residents of
Sibongile outside Dundee, who this week
entered their tenth month of a fent boycott.

Now Sibongile, in the heart of KwaZulu,
has come to be regarded as the “liberated
zone of the north” by neighbouring black
communities.

Despite a recent court ruling — asked for
by laridlords Natalia Development Board —
in favour of rent payment, defiant residents
are determined to go ahead with the boy-

colt.

The rent increase by NDB from R23 to

R28 last April
the first unr
The unrest in

parked off what became
ident. in Natal.
ibongile shocked many

observers, who thought Natal would not be
affected by unrest because of the “strong

leadership* of — Inkatha’s
Chief Gatsha Buthclezi.

Sibongile residents have
demanded - proper services .
ip, and have
ire not fit
for people to live in.

They also claim that de:
spite undertakings by the
township authoritics, no
taps have been installed in
the houses. And the only
communal tap in each street
is shared by more than 20
families.

The towiship still uses
the toilet bucket system. | |

19317
cso: 3400/1118

Sibongile Civic Associ-
ation vice-chairman Torrolo
Khanyende said the SCA
has sent a memorandum to
Constitutional Planning
Minister Chris Heunis, ask-
ing him to attend to resi-
dents’ grievances.

Khanyende said his ex-
ecutive committee had suf-
fered “severe harassment”
by security police, who have
detained them several times
since the SCA’s formation
last year.

109

SOUTH AFRICA

The corimission of inqui-
ry held in December issued
a“warrant of execution”
authorising the NDB to re-
cover the rent arrears ~

‘leaving many people in fear,
,of what could happen to
their property while they
‘were at work.

© The commission also
jfound that the NDB had
followed all suitable chan-
nels when increasing rentals
- the April increase was
therefore valid.

Local chief Alex Sithole,
51, supported the residents’
boycott action and con-
demned the living condi-
tions. He has also not paid
his rent, despite being sub-
jected to threats of eviction.
+ Chief Sithole has vowed
"he would never betray his
| Ic. “I am prepared to

Wie or their cause" he ani,

He accused the board of
by-passing him.
| “He said because of his
Joutspoken views against in-
justice, the authorities pre-
ferred to talk to “unpopular
and unrepresentative”
councillors.

Other residents told City
IPress that since the begin-
ning of the rent boycott, the
conditions in the township
shave become “more deplor-

“able” *



; . - SOUTH AFRICA

ANC'S COMMITMENT TO IDEOLOGY MAY FAVOR PAC IN POWER STRUGGLE
Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 13 Feb 86 p 8
[Commentary by Michael Hartnack]

{Text ] MARXISM, or any ideology for that matter, + It is only later, paradoxically, that rigid

is not always what it pretends to be in the |
developing world. “ ; |

Zimbabwe is an example: it is not, as |
many south of the Limpopo believe, a
Marxist state — not yet, at any rate.

A fundamental truth about the rela-
tionship between the ideologies of the
developed world and their roles in the
emerging nations was bloodily illustrated
a few weeks ago on the streets of Aden
where, according to the BBC and other
Western news media, “rival Marxist fac-
tions” have been battling for control.

However the learned academics of
Leningrad or London may evaluate the
epoch-making socio-economic theories of
Dr Karl Marx, the reality in South Yemen
is that Marxism is simply a mythology
imported by a dominant minority for their
own purposes. Its principal appeal is that
it conveniently rationalizes and justifies
certain extreme acts of coercion the rulers
believe are necessary to maintain the co-
hesion of the society under their control.

One only has to think of such leaders
as Unita’s Dr Jonas Savimbi, once an
ardent Maoist, to find more evidence that,
usually, the initial motive behind aspiring
Third World elites who import ideologies
is plain opportunism. tae

Unfortunately, only a handful of Third
World leaders are realistic enough to
admit this even to themselves. It is an
Orwellian “unthinkable thought” which,
once entertained, saps the loyalty of the
convert to the faith. Voce

. 1 Victims of propaganda \

A foreign “cohesive-coercive mytho-
logy” is imported just because the Third
World society was unstable in the first
plaee. Initially, it is merely parodied in a
superficial form.

118

dogmatism tends to take over from oppor-
tunism. For as instability continues, it
produces a second generation of converts,
ustially young people who have fallen
victim to their rulers’ own propaganda.
They believe that if only the mythology
an be applied in its purest, most absolute
form, the’ kingdom ‘of heaven will arrive
among men.

The last time this sort of phenomenon
was witnessed in British po litics was in
the 1640s when the Presbyterians were
obsessed by the conviction that if only
their “solemn league and covenant” could _
be imposed throughout the British isles,
every problem that had afflicted them
since the renaissance would vanish over-

night.

South Africa has seen something of this
with the clamour by Afrikaner extremists
for 3 return to “pure” Verwoerdian apart-

eid: .

Here in Zimbabwe, the very success of
the Mugabe government in halving the in-
fant mortality rate and getting more than
90 percent of youngsters into school is in
the process creating a class of Shona-
speaking political agitators whose first
faint mutterings may even now be heard. ~

Exasperated by unemployment and by
the degrading realities of urban poverty, ~
these school-leavers with their high ex-
pectations for the future are a receptive
audience for malcontents (at present con-
tained within the ruling party itself) who
are beginning to convince themselves that
Mr Mugabe's pragmatism is the root of ali
Zimbabwe's troubles.

One of Mr Mugabe’s many pragmatic
gifts demonstrated in the past is his ability
to smell a political winner. And it never
ceases to amaze observers of the South
African scene why the Zimbabwean
government continues to favour the Pan
Africanist Congress which, as a Johannes-
burg friend recently put it to me, is “sim-
ply invisible” within the Republic itself

jay.



RISING COSTS STRAIN TRANSVAAL FINANCES

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Feb 86 p 8

[Text]

/9317

|
|

THE Transvaal ‘Provin-
cial Administration is
reeling under increased fi-
nancial pressure and is
likely to end the financial
year in the red because of '
rocketing inflation, fuel
and other costs and the
weak ‘rand-dollar ex-
change rate.

The Administrator, Mr
Willem Cruywagen, yes-;
terday sought the go,
ahead at the annual
“Mini-Budget” session of
the Provinciat Council for
further expenditure total-
ling nearly R900 milli

Of this, R731-million
will be to keep the provin-
ce’s wheels turning after ,
the end of the financial
year in March, until the !
new budget for 1986/87
comes into operation in
about August. 4

He asked for‘a further
R156,4-million — neéded
to balance the province’s

cso: 3400/1117

“books in the present fi-

nancial year.

Mr Cruywagen told the
Council that the extra
amount in the additional
budget ordinance — was

needed in addition to the ~

original R2 639,607-mil-
lion budgeted for the
year. .

Cost increases,  climb-
ing inflation, higher salar-
ies and other factors all
¢ nerlouted to the need.

He hoped to be able to
meet the amount through
the adjusted Central Gov-
ernment subsidy and by
using a bigger surplus for
their 1984/85 financial
year than had originally
been expected.

But at the same time he
warned that the R619 421
surpluses that had been

budgeted for in the pres:

ent financial year had
been whittled away, and
now stood ata mere
R1 000.

123

SOUTH AFRICA

. Major extra expendi-
ture in the additional bud-
get will be in the Hospital
Services Department,
R83,6-million; on bridges

| and roads, R38,3-miltion;

‘ and education R17,5-mil-
lion.

Mr Cruywagen said
that extra expenditure
and costs covered a wide
field.

Expenditure was plan-
ned, among other things
to develop open air rec-
teation facilities for
Coloureds and Indians at

Pretoria’s — Roodeplaat
Dam.

He also needed
R967 for mainte-
nance work at the
State Theatre in
Pretoria--and to
buy an organ and
stores for the
theatre.



JPRS-SSA-86-031

12 March 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

New Trade Union Body Speaks for 10 Million
(THE STAR, 7 Feb 86) ..sseseecevccecceeereeeeeeeereenesess

BOTSWANA

Finance Minister Gives Budget Speech
(Peter Mmusi; Gaborone Domestic Service, 17 Feb 86) ssceee

CHAD
Ndjamena Radio Criticizes RFI Reportage on Chad Fighting
(Ndjamena Domestic Service, 19 Feb 86) ..sececeereeereseee
MALAWI \
Export Agreement With UK Textile Firm
(DAILY TIMES, 29 Jan 86) .ccccesesecccccscccnceceesseeeees
Briefs
Road Closings Announced
MOZAMBIQUE
Briefs
Power Rationing Introduced
NAMIBIA

ANC-Inkatha Rift Reportedly Remains Wide Open
(Patrick Laurence; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 17 Jan 86)

CAPE TIMES Reporter Barred From Kaokoland
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 27 Jan 86) .scceesssceesccseeees

-a-

11

12

13

15



SOUTH AFRICA

BLACKS PREFER ENGLISH AS LANGUAGE OF INSTRUCTION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Feb 86 p 12

[Text]

(9317
cso: 3400/1115

“LEADING, Black and

White educationists meet-
ing in Pretoria agreed yes-
terday that English could,
would and must remain
the medium of instruction
in Black schools — par-
ticularly high schools —
for many years to come.

The educationists are in
Pretoria for a specialist
two-day summit confer-
ence on the role of lan-
guage in Black education
—— frequently the source
of Black ‘consciousness
politicising.

According to épecialists
at the conference, re-
search has shown that
Black pupils, when they
switch to either English or
Afrikaans as medium of
instruction from their
fifth schoolyear, often
have problems.

They said that common

~ problems were communi-

cation’ difficulties be-
tween teachers and pu-
pils, a high failure rate

anda

Leading Black lan-
guage — methodologist,
Professor Abram Mawa-
sha of the University of

102

the "North said that in-
formed Black people be-
lieved the removal of
English from the Black
classroom — or its weak-
ening in any way — would
not be in the best interest
of Black education or
Black advancement gen-
erally.

“Blacks, for various
reasons, are happy with
English as instruction
medium and are loath to
have it replaced with
African languages,” he
said. This applied particu-
larly above lower primary
school level.

Blacks were satisfied
‘with English’s potency
and expressiveness; _ its
adequacy.in science and
technology terms and lan-
guage generally; its effi-
ciency in providing com-
munication across _‘lin-
guistic and cultural bar-
riers in Africa, with its

_ | multiplicity of languages;

‘its rich and wide covering
of literature spanning
many centuries; and its
international applicabili-
ty.


‘that wo aeuin them to do 20; Wie hope to
: is by identifying possible areas of -
fesettlement and providing somo essential
services in these areas in readiness for
individuals and co-operatives settling there

to engage in agricujtural production.

© 7, At present only an estimated 16 000°

hectares of Zambia’s agricultural land is
under irrigation. Quite clearly this is most

inadequate for 4 country of our size. It is,:;

therefore, our intention to look for re-
sources for investment in expanding the.
land under irrigation so that both small-

seale and commercial farmers can step

‘up production of irrigated crops:

68. The administration of agricultural

crodit has in the past not beon entirely
satisfactory, It is the intention of the
Party and its Government to merge the
Zambia ioultural Development Bank

‘and the Agricultural Finance Company in
order #4 Streamline the ‘administration.

of credit.

+ 69. Mr Speaker, Sir, all these. measures
‘are being taken in the broad context of
giving s new impetus to agriculture in ite
many facéts. I sl in this context,
mention that the balance of the credit of
Us #08.0 nailion which we ta last
year for ‘pose joultural
“rehabilitation ‘and whioh is made available

to the g community through the

auotion system will be avallable in 1086. -

To on speedier utilisation, we have
ended. Norma’ and conditions $0

amended
include the purchase of fuel

‘and vehicles ;
for the transportation of agricultural -

produce.
(ii) Industrial Sector

‘71. In order to improve
efficiency in the parastat 7
carrying out 8 number of exercises. Agree-
ment already been ‘reached for the
rehabilitation of the Nit Chemicals
of Zambia Limited involving | financial
outlays of DM68.0_ million from the
Federal Republic of Germany, Yen 6.3
billion from iapen, and US $10.0 million
from the W Bank. Agreement has
also been reached for the rehabilitation of
Zambia Railways involving US . $55.7
million, Maamba Collieries _ involving
US $28.5. million and the. oil pipeline
involving US $4.1. million. Proposals for

62

strengthening our parastatal companies are
boing works out. Our broad objective is
to adapt our companies to the changing
‘economio environment in our land. «

(ii), Mining Sector

72. Mr Speaker, Sir, I have -already
referred briofly to the rehabilitation’ pro-
gramme in the mining industry. In order
to arrest the decline in copper production,
ZCOM has prepared a oomprehensive
Production and investment plan covering
‘the three-year period begi January,

“1986. The basic objective of. thie plan is to
“rationalise the operation of the company
with a view. to increasing productivity
‘and output. Under this pian,. ZCOM
has regrouped its subsidiaries which are
eH rel to mining into a separate

ding company that will be distinct
from ZOOM.

73. In support of this. rehabilitation
cess, the Party and its Government
we agreed that. ZCCM should be allo-
cated a sum of US $320.0 million over the
course of this yeat for its -minin
operations. Those ‘subsidiaries of .ZCC!
Thich are not related to mining will be
required to bid for their foreign exchange
needs like any other company. While
“talking about the foreign exchange needs
of ZCCM, I should inform the House that
the World Bank has now
the remaining US $30.0 ion which was
part of the original rehabilitation loan
of US $75.0 million.

to release

(iv) Tourism

74, The tourism sector will also receive
increased attention in 1986. Already the
Party and its Government are ing.
Tit henner at the intée-Con-
-tinental Hotel -in Lusgke fayolying ithe,
siernien of one hundled od nero
rooms aia the renovation of the Musi-O-
Tanya Hotel in Livingstone st a cost of
K175.1 million. ‘The rehabilitation of
porectatal ‘and private hotels and lodges

also continuing. The favourable ex-
change rate policy should assist to attract.

. more tourists to our country.

(¥) Fighting Against Inflation

15. The next policy element ‘LT would
like to refer to concerns the fight against
inflation. In assessment of the per-
formance of economy in 1985 J
referred to the upsurge of price rises In
the economy. Some of the price increases
‘consequence of the dovalu-
tion of the Kwacha following the
fntroduction of the auction system. But
‘also some of the price increases were due
entirely to our businoss community



NIGERIAN AIRWAYS SACKS TOP MANAGEMENT

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 1 Feb 86 p 24

[Artic

[Text]

/12828
cso:

le by Zakari Adamu]

INE top manage-

ment staff of the
Nigeria Wirways, five
directors, three
controllers and a chief
legal officer have been
relieved of their’
appointments.

Their letters of termina-
tion according to ‘sources,
were despatched at about
2.30.p.m. yesterday.

Those affected are
director of finance, Mr.
Nwachukwu, director of,
legal services Mr. 0. O.,
Osikoya, director of special’
duties, Mr. Ita Effiong, and
director of managment
services, Mr. J. 0. Allagoa.

Others are director of

marketing, Mr. E. J. Onyia,
controller of properties,
Malam Musa, controller of
audit, Alhaji J. O. Olagunju,
controller of accounts, Mrs.
Akeredeju Ali and chief
legal officer, Mrs. Oyinola.
. When our reporter visited
the Airways . House
yesterday, staffers of the
airline were seen in group

3400/1129

discussing the shake-up.

Also yesterday, some of
the top officers of the airline
were re-assigned.

They are Mr. W. 0.
Fagbele, former controller
of industrial relations. He
was appointed director of
‘management services, and
Alhaji Mohammed Madaki,

former controller of
marketing now "becomes
director “of commercial
services.

Others are former chief
accountant, “Mr. Philips
Ekike who now becomes
controller of accounts and
Alhaji Mahmudu = Shaba,
former director of field
services now becomes
directors ot special duties.

The public relations
manager of the airline, Mr.
‘Femi Ogunleye, confirmed
this.

48

NIGERIA


SOUTH AFRICA

BISHOP TUTU PRAISED FOR LEADERSHIP
Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 2 Feb 86 p 4
[Commentary by Percy Qoboza in Percy's Itch colum]

[Text]

IT’S USELESS even putting any logic to
the mass hysteria that has been evoked
among white South Africans on the sub-
ject of Bishop Desmond Tutu. Nobody
listens and no matter how the venerated
church leader tries to explain in simple
Finglish what he said, the hate campaign
has reached such paramount proportions,
he is portrayed by their media and spokes-
men as something from outer space.

I would not lose any sleep over the hate
campaign. Even the Master that he serves
as a church leader, was sub-
jected to such a campaign to
the extent of being put on
the cross. Bishop Tutu is
well aware that one op-
tion he must face is
that, like his Master,
he could end up on
the cross. What real-
ly gets me hot under
the collar is the litany
of lies that goes with
that hate campaign.

They lie that Tutu has
advocated violence to
overthrow ,the South Afri-

can, Government. He has
umpteen times clearly stated

his position; He advocates a poli-

cy that would bring about peace-

ful reconciliation between our em-
batticd people.

He has, loud and clear, denounced the
violence of the State and that of the
people who oppose it. He has clearly said
that he shares the dream of the ANC but.

97

cannot, in all honesty and good conscience,
support the means of ‘achicving that
dream. Now, is that so difficult for any
man of average intelligence to understand?

It is true that Bishop Tutu docs not
mince his words. The bishop dacs not owe
anybody an apology for his stronge choice
of words. Many of us have become so thick
skulled that it takes some thunderous cx-
pressions to make us take note of what
somebody is saying.

When the bishop says apartheid is evil,
he wants people to understand the context
in which he says it — it’s a policy that goes
against everything our Christian heritage
stands for. It is a denigration of God's
creation simply based on colour. It is a
repulsive rejection of the gospel of Chris-
tian love and charity and one that is tanta-
mount to heresy. That's what the bishoy
says and that’s what every priest, chureh
elder and anyone who professes to be a
custodian of our Christian values should be
saying more and more.

But the prophets are rarely
foved in their own land. In
fact they used to get
stoned. The man in whose
memory Bishop Tutu was
recently given an
award, Dr Martin Lu-
ther King Jr, proved

just that. He was a
man dedicated to the
-policy: of nonviolent
confrontation with
America’s brand - of



NAMIBIA

JUSTICE HIEMSTRA VIEWS WORK OF CONSTITUTIONAL COUNCIL

Windhoek THE NAMIBIAN in English 17 Jan 86 p 6

[Text]

THE SOCALLED Constitu-
tional Council saw no problem
with drawing up a constitution
before independence, said Mr
Justice Victor Hiemstra, Chair-
man of the Council, at a press
conference this week.

Addressing the press shortly after
the Council had goneinto recess for
anindefinite period, Judge Hiemstra
said the Council intended to work
‘within the requirements of Resolu-
tion 435’. The only ‘small difference’,
he said, was that it was envisaged in
terms of Resolution 435 that anelect-
ed Constituent Assembly would
draw up a constitution, while the
‘Constitutional Council’ saw no
problem with drawing upaconstitu-
tion which could be presented to that
Assembly.

Judge Hiemstra also said he: aritic-
ipated no ‘profound ideological di-
visions’ among the six political
groups participating in the Council.
As far as he was concerned, all six
groups were signatory to the Wind-
hoek Declaration, which laid down

that the constitution should becon-"

sistent with the Universal Declara-
tion of Human Rights and the
International Covenant of Civiland
Political Rights, and that this was
‘binding’ on all parties.

/9317
cso: 3400/1111

fl

Inaddition, hesaid, the ‘Constitu-
tional Council’ was bound to its
declaration of fundamental rights,

which left no room for political par-

ties based on ethnicity.

Ethnic representation in a parlia-
ment would therefore ‘be'open to
doubt’ hesaid, and added that regis-
tration of ethnic groups was ‘totally
out’.

Disturbingly however, Judge
Hiemstra said he wanted to put cer-
tain people at ease concerning domi-

_ nation by the. majority group, ~
_ namely the Ovambo-speaking

people. :
The ‘Constitutional Council’

would try to ensure that there wasno ,

discrimination or domination bya

majority group, he said.

The constitution, he continted,
emphasising that he was not speak-

- -ing on behalf of the ‘Constitutional

.» Council’, would keep state expendi-

ture low, would contain provisions

» against corruption and would als6.

» protect the natural resources of the”
“country from over exploitation. ©
In answer to questions, Judge

Hiemstra said that he felt the ‘consti-

tution will gain legitimacy through:
»- constantly informing the people. By -
: the time the constitution'was com-

22

plete, it would be ‘well known’ tothe *
people, he added.
Hewasconsideringa ‘foreign con-
stitutional expert’ toadvisethe ‘Con-
stitutional Council’, Judge Hiemstra
said.
‘When asked about Proclamation
AG 8 and whether this would not
arouse strong differences within the
ranks of the ‘Council’, Judge Hiem-
stra said he did not want to involve
himself too much in politics. ©

He himself felt the period of 24 +
monthsallotted tothe ‘Constitution-
al Council’ in which to complete its
work, was ‘unnecessarily long’, but
“added that ‘unexpected problems’

could arise in the course of that time.
| - Judge Hiemstra confirmed that
AG 8 would remain on the statute

__ books until such time as it had been
- , teplaced by a new constitution. He *

added that once the constitution had

been completed the interim govern-
ment would have to decide which
technique to use to test its accepta-

*\ bility. : :

It would not become law until it
was approved by an elected Consti-
tuent Assembly.

“The Constituent Assembly may
adopt the constitution asa whole, or
rejectitand draw upan entirely new
constitution’ he said.



NAMIBIA

DEMOCRATIC TURNHALLE ALLIANCE TO TRY TO BECOME SINGLE PARTY

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 16 Jan 86 p 1

[Text]

/9317

THE Democratic Turnhalle Alliance
(DTA) would have to work this year
towards reconstituting itself as a sin-
gle party, its general secretary, Mr Jo-
hann de Waal, told the Advertiser’

this morning.

He was approached for
comment on the DTA’s atti-
‘tude towards the two Capri-
vi parties affiliated to the
alliance following the splits
Jast year of the Caprivi Alli-
ance Party and Canu and
the formation of the United
Democratic Party.

The Caprivi partis are
now based almost entirely
on tribal divisions.

«Mr de Waal said ethnici-
ty was one of the major
problems facing the coun-
try and had also caused
problems within the DTA.

“It is probably time we
became more of a party
which individuals can
join”. ao

There had been talk for
some time of the DTA be-
coming a party instead of
an alliance of ethnically

csO: 3400/1113

based parties, but some

» people were reluctant to

give up their ethnic power
bases. = ‘
“I personally believe we

"must work towards a single

party...We must work
towards unity as we are the
only party that has people
from all the tribes and
groups. We must takeit one
step further now.

“We will have to work on
that through this year,’ Mr
de waal said.

Earlier attempts to forge
the DTA into a single party
broke over the anvil of eth-
nicity and led to. the depar-

18

ture of party president Mr
Peter Kalangulato formthe
‘Christian Democratic Ac-
‘tion for Social Justice
“(CDA). 1:
He was joined by senior
DTA member, Mr Werner
Neef, but since then: the
CDA has remained an
almost exclusively Owam-
bo organisation. ~ Lowe
On Tuesday, the Chair-
man of the Constitutional
Council, Mr Justice Victor
Hiemstra, said that under:
the accepted guidelines for *
‘the Multi-party . Confer-
“ence’s proposed constitu-
tion, there was “no room’.
for political parties based
on ethnicity” “


SOUTH AFRICA

SOWETO CRISIS COMMITTEE SEEN AS EFFECTIVE VEHICLE FOR NEGOTIATION

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 13 Feb 86 p 17

[Article by Maud Montanyane] :

[Text]

Gince its formation at the end of last year, the Sowe-
to ‘Parents’ Crisis Committee (SPCC) has become a

ehicle for negotiation between the black communi-

ty and education authorities.

‘Over the past four months, the organisation,

formed by a group of concerned parents in mid-Oc-

ober, has managed to bring together student organi-
ations, parents and teachers to talk openly about
the black education crisis.
[i'The SPCC has succeeded in galvanising black
thinking on the education crisis and successfully pre-
ented community, views to the education authori-
ties.
i How long the SPCC will hold on to its role of being
‘a broker in the education crisis remains to be seen.
‘So tenuous is the committee’s position that it is not
“prepared to become a political force.

«Its members have refused individual interviews,
saying this would divert attention from the real issue
— education. They insist on education being seen as
a problem facing the whole community. :

Although the education authorities have acknow-
ledged the SPCC as a representative body, the police
have not given it the same recognition. Several
meetings organised by the SPCC after the Wits Con-
sultative Conference on education in December last
year have been banned by the police.

EXAMINATIONS POSTPONED

The committee secured its first meeting with the
Deputy Minister of Education and Development Aid,

/9317
cso: 3400/1115

Mr Sam de Beer, only six days after its formation. It
was then that it persuaded him to postpone last
year’s end-of-year examinations to this year. *
Not sure how long their victories will remain vic-
tories, the SPCC is reluctant to call them a break-
through.
Negotiations between students, parents and teach-
ers have been gruelling. Meetings often last for
hours, with no solution in sight. A wrong word or
‘a wrong move could easily spark confrontation. °
Striking a balance between tht views of radical

pupils — so aggrieved by Bantu Education that they
no longer want anything to do with the system —
and those of parents eager to see the children back
behind their desks, has been a difficult task.

‘There has been little progress since the Wits con-
ference. In fact, it is doubtful whether some of the
demands made by the 161 organisations represented
at the December conference will be met.before the
end of March deadline expires. .

The ‘South African Defence Force has not been
withdrawn from townships; the state of emergen-

cy has not been lifted; the Congress of South African
Students (Cosas) is still banned and not all detained
pupils have been released.

Even so, the SPCC has scored some victories. The
children are back at school and the SPCC succeeded
in persuading the DET to postpone examinations,
due to start in Soweto secondary schools on Monday.

Speaking of the DET’s compromise, the SPCC
spokesman, the Rev Molefe Tsele, said the last-mi-
nute decision to defer the examinations to March (a
date set by the Wits conference) had diffused what
could have been an explosive situation. _

101



NIGERIA

FORMER NSO LEADER DISCUSSES TIMELY ISSUES, ROLE OF SECURITY

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 31 Jan, l Feb 86

[Excerpts from a 'New Nigerian Parley’ with Alhaji Umaru Shinkafi, former
chief of the National Security Organization; time and place not specified] ©

[31 Jan 86 p 2, 5°]

[Excerpt]
ON THE ABORTIVE PLOT

The coursemate syndrome is
what causes intense rivalry: bet-
ween coursemates and the higher
they go, the more unhealthy,

lethal and cannibalistic ‘this .

rivalry becomes. The best of
them as well as the mediocre

want to get to the very top all the |

same. If your coursemate’
becomes a Brigadier, you im-
mediately by hook or by crook
aspire to become one. This is all
well and good within normal
military hierarchy. But where
your coursemate becomes Head
of State, for God’s sake accept
the situation and be loyal to him
and help him, Nigeria being what :
it is, to muddle through. There is '
only one vacancy for the job and
once it is filled, it is treasonable '
to unlawfully attempt to remove '
the incumbent. “ |

ON SPECIAL MILITARY
TRIBUNAL

T don’t support it. I don’t support
its procedure but Support some .
redefinition of the law crime so
Jong as it is practicable. and en- -
forceable and can be investigated in
a free society and proved openty in i
tts because I know they don't last

If you want a special military :
LO

tribunal to be alternative

courts, ‘I don’t like it but if you |

say that it should for example in-

vestigate the NET fire incident °
and finish with the investigation '

and look at the complete spec-
trum of evidence and act, 1 am
for that. You can then say this thing
has more than arson in it, maybe
it is a subversive act from certain

ps of people, the normal
court cannot easily dispense with
it so it’s the special’ military
tribunal, I don’t mind. But if you
want the special tribunal to stay
side by side with courts, even
during military regime, it’s
unhealthy. Babangida’s regime.
has shown that nothing makes
government secure cooperation

of the publi¢ as justice and fair-_

play. If a people sees that govern-
ment is fair: with them and just,
then they are secure and will
cooperate with it. However no
amount of emergency and iron
hand can ensure obedience and
good government. It just sends
dissent underground.

The Shari'a we are now
talking about is the personal law
which applies to every mulim,
whether he is living in the Shari’a
states or not. That there are no

-courts.does not mean that a mus-
lim is not bound by the Shari'a in =

30

his personal relationship such as
marriage, inheritance and other
interactions. What one would like
first of all is to see all the
tauslims of those areas where
Shari’a courts are being operated
on a personal note, come together.
I don’t want” it to
look like a one-rrin venture.
It is better if the muslims in this
places come together and go to
government with ' their wishes
and desires so that it will carry
weight of numbers. Then hopeful-
ly, people will understand it bet-
ter. I don’t agree with the Shari'a
itself to be subject to debate. °
Whether there should be Shari’a
courts in’ the southern ‘states
could be debated. But ‘certainly
not the Shari’a. Shari'a is‘an in-
junction of the almighty Allah
and there is no debate that can
alter it or change’ its quality. It
has tremendous utility and one
ought to try and know its mean-
ing, its service and its ability for
! developing society like our own. T
don’t think it should bé extended
to non-muslims without corisulta-
tion. However, there is provision
for non-muslims in Islam to-sub-
mit to Shari'a for a ation of
differences in their dealings with
muslims. It is a versatile institu-
tion. If it is examined objectively
without any insinuation, it -has
room for all in the system. -



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

NO BLACKS VOLUNTEERED IN SADF--No black South Africans volunteered for
national service in the South African Defence Force last year, Minister of
Defence Magnus Malan said yesterday. And only 1,73% of those rendering
voluntary service in the commandoes are blacks. General Malan revealed

this wehn he replied to two questions which had been tabled by Philip Myburgh
(PFP, Wynberg). He said 211 white women, 4010 coloureds. and 667 Asians
volunteered for national service, but no blacks had done’ so, Of these,

1847 coloured people and 297 Asians had been accommodated. General Malan
refused to disclose how many people had volunteered for national service.
[Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 13 Feb 86 p 8] /12828

BLACK PUBLIC SERVANTS FORM UNION--A new union to organise black public
service workers has been formed--and already claims about 7 000 members.

The National Union of Public Service Workers was launched in Johannesburg
last week and has affiliated to the Council of Unions of SA (Cusa).

“The union was established after a request by workers last year that Cusa
assist them," said Mr Piroshaw Camay, general secretary of Cusa. "Members
of the union are’ employed by municipalities, city councils, ‘community councils
and the West Rand Administration Board. Talks are taking place with certain
municipalities regarding recognition and other conditions of service."

Mr R. Bali has been elected president of the new union. He has a long
association with unions in the public service. [Text] [Johannesburg

THE STAR in English 12 Feb 86 p 8] /9317

cso: 3400/1118

111



HOTEL INDUSTRY ‘FACES COLLAPSE'

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 1 Feb 86 p 7

[Article by Roger Williams]

[Text]

/12828
CSO:

WARNINGS were sounded in Cape
Town yesterday that the hotel indus-
try in the Western Cape, if not in the
Republic as a whole, faced collapse if
there was no improvement soon in the
climate for resumption of large-scale
tourism. . .

Mr Otto Stehlik, managing director
of the Protea Hotels group, said it had
been established that more than 90

reent of the country’s 1350 graded
Rotels were losing money.

‘Downturn’

“We are in really serious trouble,
and unless we can instil confidence in
tour operators, with assurances for
the safety and security of overseas
and other tourists, there is little hope
of improvement.”

Mr Stehlik and Mr Mike Kovensky,
Western Cape chairman of the Feder-
ated Hotel, Liquor and Catering Asso-
ciation (Fedhasa), said Cape hotels
had suffered a “significant downturn”
in business during the summer high
season, and that many more hotels
faced closure in 1986.

Those that had managed to survive
on income from off-sales liquor would
not be able to do so for much longer,
they warned.

Mr Stehlik said Cape hotels — par-
ticularly those on the higher grades —
had fared worse than elsewhere, as
unrest in this part of the country had
not only kept overseas visitors away;
it had also had a “very negative” ef-
fect among intending holidaymakers
from up-country.

“Of every 10 people in Johannes-
burg who had booked for a Cape holi-

3400/1137

132

SOUTH AFRICA

day, at least five cancelled; it’s 2s bad
as that.”

Mr Kovensky said hotels in the re-
gion had reported the greatest inci-
dence ever of “no-shows” -— in other
words the number of bookings not tak-
en up. In many cases, intending holi
daymakers who had cancelled book-
ings had had to forfeit their deposits.

“In many other cases, where people
turned up at the hotels at which they
had booked, they stayed only for the
period covered by their deposits —
usually just a few days.

“In most cases they did not have the
money to stay any Jonger, and a factor
here was the smaller bonuses paid by
many firms this year, if bonuses were
paid at all, and also the general un-
rest in the country.

“This has been our poorest season
for a long time — and this in spite of
the fact that hotels have been offering
the best-ever value for money.”

High season

Mr Kovensky said restaurants had
also fared badly over the holidays.
with liquor sales down 25 to 30 per-
cent.

Earlier this week the Cape Times
quoted Mr John Robert, managing di-
rector of Captour, as saying that al-
though the number of callers at the
visitors’ bureau in central Cape Town
in December 1985 was higher than in
the previous December, the summer
high season had been “definitely
shorter" and fewer visitors had stayed
in hotels.

He was, however, optimistic about
the future of tourism at the Cape,
which he was convinced would im:
prove with the economy.



maintaining ‘a downward trend a un-
omploymont. The reason for this is that
the United States economy is characterised.
by fewer labour market rigidities than
Western Europe.

8. Both interest rates and_prices~ de-
clined marginally in most OECD countries,
‘the only exception was Britain where
interost rates wore raised sharply during
tho first quarter of the year in order to
arrest the alide in the value of the pound

storling. In Japan wholesale prices were
about 40 por vant lower in 1985 than in

1984. This was because of Japan's high
productivity “and enormous productive
capacity.

9. During tho first half of 1985 most of
the major international currencies fell to

new lows against the US dollar. This was .

despite the persistence of large deficits
in both, the US fedora} budget and the
current account of the bulance of pay-
ments. In September, however, the Us
authorities decided that the strengthening

_ of the dollar was not only against their
interest but- was also damaging the world
‘economy generally. . They, _ thereforo,
reached an understanding with Japan, tho
Federal Republic of Germany, the United
Kingdom and Franco under..which tho
United States agrood to lower the value of
the dollar through concerted intervention
in the market place with the four cauntries.
Sinco that agreoment, the US dollar has
lost value to a considerable extent and
this is assisting to resolve the US balance
‘of payments problems.

10. Mr Speaker, Sir, the economic
porformance of the developing countries,
especially thoso in Sub-Saharan Africa,
remained genorally woak in 1985, ‘Tho
factors responsible for. this include
depressed. commodity prices, heavy
extornal dobt servico obligations, stagnant
or doolining flows of development assist-
“anco, rostricted access to the markets of
tho industrialised countrios and low ratos
of food production at a timo ‘of rapid
population growth.

11, At their summit last year in Addis
Ababa, leadors of Africa dovoted the
entire esting to tho disquasion of the
economic problems facing the continent.
They adopted o priority programmo
covering the noxt five years. Tho main
elomonts of that programme include: .

—tmeasures for an {powlerated im.
tation of tho lan o}
Qetion and the Final Asvof ‘Lagos;

54

—special action for the improvement
of the food situation and tho
rehabilitation of agriculture in
“Attica; .

—mensures for ‘alleviating Africa’s
external debt burden;

—measures for » common platform
for .action at sub-regional,
| gional, continental a1
*huntal lovols; and
| "i
—measures against the effects of the
| destabilisation policy of the South
‘African regime on the economies
of the Southern African states.

12, With these” measures, Africa has

put herself in @ ‘position to address her

economic problems which, in recent years,
have, caused untold misery and suffering
amongst her people.

+43. It. is against this background that
I now turn to the discussion of the econ-

omic conditions in Zambia, in 1985.

PART I

ECUNOMIC CONDITIONS IN ZAMBIA

14, As 1 have alroady saitl, Mr
Sir, the yoar 1985 was a ver
year for the Zambian economy. .
the best way of discussing the problems
facing us is hy first describing the country’s

balance of payments performance,

(a) Balance of Payments

15. Coppor still remains tho most import-
‘ant export commodity. In 1985 the prico
‘of copper on tho London Metal Hxehinge
averaged £1,104.00 per “tonne compared
to £1,032.00 por tonno in 1984, Most of
this improvement was accounted for by
the lower value of the pound sterling
during tne first nine months of 1085.
During the fourth quarter, however, the

und sterling strengthened against’ tho

IS dollar and the price of copper dropped
to as low as £960.00 por tonne. Prior to
the freoing of the exchange rate in October,
the 1085 average pound sterling prico of
‘eopper was. equivalent to K2,420.00 per
tonme. At the average exchange rate whic'
prevailed during the last quarter of 198,
the corresponding figuro was 16,624.04
per tonne. - .

16. The avorago prices of lead and zine
at the pre-duction exchange rate wero
K699.00 and-K1,318.00 por tonne rospoct-
ively, compared to prices of K8U5.00 and
K1,610.00 por tonno rospoctivoly in 1084.
Tho price of cobalt rose from K36,130.00

tonne in 1984 to 57,408.00 por tonne
1985 at the pre-auction oxchange rate.


SOUTH AFRICA

CISKEI SQUATTERS DESCRIBE RAMPANT CORRUPTION IN HOMELAND

Cape Town THE WEEKEND ARGUS in English 1 Feb 86 p 3

[Article by Ken Vernon] ‘

[Text]

PORT ELIZABETH. — Squatters from
a Ciskeian resettlement camp who
were dumped beside the road in South
Africa this week have brought with
them allegations of rampant corrup-
tion in the homeland. .

The squatters told Weekend Argus that cer-
tain Ciskeian officials had withheld their pen-
sions, refused to issue receipts for taxes and
forced youths to buy membership cards of
President Lennox Sebe’s Ciskeian National In-
dependence Party (CNIP). :

Frustration over this led to tension and violence.
‘A headman’s house and a clinic were burnt to the

ound and 3000 squatters were suddenly evicted
From their hillside shanty town, they said.

Ciskeian police and soldiers told residents of the
Kuni resettlement camp 30km from East London to
pack and climb into waiting lorries.

They then dumped the squatters and their posses:
sions beside the road 6km away, over the South Afri-
can border.

Ironically, the squatters are part of the human
flotsam thrown up by the of consolidation
that was carried out nearly a decade ago in order to
create the Ciskeian state. : :

Forced to move

Most of those affected are elderly. There are also
young women, but young men are away from the
settlement, working in other centres.

Many have stories to tell. Mr Mchine Mcengani
says he spent his working life on farms in the Kidd’s
Beach area, which was bought in stages from its
white owners for incorporation in the Ciskei.

19317
cso: 3400/1119

As the new black ownérs arrived they brought
their own workers. Mr Mcengani said he was forced
to move to Kuni.

He was angry about his treatment at the hands of
the Ciskeians and complained bitterly’ that late last
year he had been forced to pay local Ciskeian offi-
.cials a R5,50 tax, without getting a receipt. ‘
alt rete

0 for ig hii use he coul pro-
duce a recelpt

68, says his pension for De-

Mr Poklani Mroshe
Is, He said his money

cember was withheld by offi
was “gone for good”.

Some youths from Kuni alleged they were forced
to buy CNIP membership cards or else be beaten by
Ciskeian police or soldiers. .

‘A spokesman for the Youth Association, Mr Sid-
well Booi, said the youths were ann because
Kuni officials were appointed only by Ciskeian
Government. 5

“We, the residents of Kuni, had no say in the way
our lives were governed, just as now we have no say
in where we shall live.”

‘ In spite of being forced to build new shacks in
barren veld.almost overnight, everyone ken to
\said they were happy to be out of the ei and

back in Africa. : aa

This was not because of polities but because they
said they had been treated as strangers and inter-
lopers by Ciskeian officials and residents.

“They never did anything but take our money.
They gave nothing in return” he said. ney

A large-scale relief operation is at present under-
way by several South African Government depart-
ments under the co-ordination of the Department of
Development Aid.

Several hundred tents have arrived at the site
from Pretoria and food is being distributed. ~
. Up to 1000 squatters remained at the Kuni Cam
pesterday, They were under almost constant surveil
lance by Ciskeian soldiers, armed yesterday with a
sneeze machine in addition to their usual weapons.

108


/12828
cso:

3400/1133

of these spies whom they
derogatorily termed
‘dogs’ or ‘government
men.’ They thought that
the existence of these spies
at the campus was an
erosion of their academic
freedom. Students also
argued that they were
not an opposition Party
nor were they aiming at
usurping power. Hence
they did not see the rea-
son for being trailed by
spies.

The Commission, whose
task was to make recomme-
ndations on the effective-
ness of the administration
and administrative stru-
eture under the federal
organisation and how stu-
dents can play a more
dynamic role in the affairs
of the University, observed
that unrest at the Ndola
campus resulted partly
from the coexistence of the

72

yniversity and ZIT (Zambia
Institute of Technology)
students,

All the evidence recei-
ved pointed to the fact
that the idea of putting
these two student bodies

together was
unworkable,

On student publications,
the Commission noted that
their quality was extre-
mely poor bearing in mind
that the University was the
highest Institution of lea-
fing inthe country.

Among other recomme-
ndations accepted by go-
vernment are that the Uni-
versity Council’s commi-
ttees should be statutory
and regulations should be
made to guide their ope-
tations, the chain of co-
mmand on policy matters
should be: Chancellor, the
minister, the chairman
and the vice-chancellor.

practically


Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 14 Jan 86 p 1

[Text]

Press Conference Remarks

THE NEW CONSTITUTION to be written by the Con-
stitutional Council within the next 18 to 24 months
would remain merely provisional subject to ultimate
ratification only after a Namibian settlement.

AG 8 would remain the de facto constitution |

of the Territory unless and until the Cabinet in-
itiated its amendment or abolition.

At yesterday's press con-
ference, the Chairman of
the Constitutional Coun-
cil, Mr Justice Victor
Hiemstra, threw new light
‘on a topic heavily fudged
by last year’s bitter debates
in thé National Assembly.

Where the debate had
centered around demands
for the immmediate scrap-
ping of AG 8 and had end-
ed with the decision that it
was a mattet for the coun-
cil, it now appears that the
ball is back in the Cabinet’s
court: any new constitution
willremain inactive untilan
internationally-accepted
settlement leads to the elec-
tion of a Constituent As-
sembly.

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 14 Jan 86 p 1

[Text]

This Assembly would

: then have to ratify the.con-

stitution written by
theConstitutional Council.

Before such an event, the
issue of the amendment or
wholesale scrapping of
AG 8 will have to be decid-
ed by cabinet consensus be-
fore being referred to the
Council for approval and
drafting. If approved, it
then has to be passed by the
National Assembly.

‘AG 8 will remain the
constitution of the Territo-
ry until a Constituent As-
sembly has. been elected}
Mr Justice Hiemstra Said in
tesponse to a question.

LEGITIMACY
Dealing with otlier con-
troversial dspects sur-
rounding the constitution,
Judge Hiemstra said the
legitimacy of the constitu-
tion would’be tested but the
mechanism was up to the
Cabinet. - .
‘Whether the govern-
i ment chooses 4 referendum
or not is up to them; he
said.

In the interim the Coun-
cil would continually publi-
cise its decisions and invite
comment in the form ‘of
memoranda.

‘My hopeis that the con-
stitution will receive
“legitimacy through cort-
tinued expositre to the peo-
ple. Once it is drafted, the

Ethnicity Given New Twist

IT HE politically explosive issue of ethnic government and
lethnically-based parties was given a’ new: twist by the
Chairman of the Constitutional Council, Mr Justice
Hiemstra, at a press conference yesterday.

"The fear that an ethnic group which‘is in a strong
majority can dominate and disadvantage other groups
Iwith a parliamentary majority gained through an appeal
Ito ethnic ties, is unfounded’,-he said.

On the other hand “cultural rights’ would be well pro-

tected under article A 9 of the Bill of Fundamental .

Rights.

In writing the constitution, the council wéttld bé
bound to the ‘Windhoek Declaration of Basic Principles’
proposed by the MPC last year. It would be guided by

24

government will still ulti-
| mately vote on whether to
adopt it?

Amechanism for dealing
with a possible rejection in
, a referendum had not been
i decided on.
i! NO DEEP
i DIVISIONS

In his opening state-
ment, the Council: chair-
man said there were ‘really
no deep idéological divi-
sions’ ‘between the mem-
bers of ‘the’ Transitional
Government. .

The constitution would
be strongly economically
orientated, would keep a lid
On state spending, contain
meastires to fight corrup-
tion and protect the nation-
al resoutces against exploi-
tatiori; Mr Justice Hiem-

‘stra said. .


©" ZIMBABWE

RAILWAYS TO LAUNCH 10-YEAR RENEWAL PROGRAM ~
Harare THE HERALD in English 15 Jan 86 p 1

[Article by Bill Saidi]

{Text] The railways will soon launch an $80 million, 10 year programme to
replace some of its aging wagons--and probably save a Bulawayo company from
collapse. 7

The programme, which is subject to Government approval, involves the replace-
ment of 2 400 wagons at the rate of 240 a year over 10 years.

The bogeys, couplers and wheels for the wagons will be made'by F.' Issels &
Son Ltd of Bulawayo, the sole manufacturer of such components in this region.

Recently the company has faced serious financial problems and asked thé
Government to cut by 15 percent the salary increments it was to pay to its
workers, The Ministry of Labour, Manpower Planning and Social Welfare
approved. :

The managing director, Mr Hugh Hannay, said yesterday it was "very encourag—
ing" that the railways was launching its wagon-replacement programme now.’ —
The company would increase the volume of its work and its labour force as a
result, he said. ‘

Mr Hannay said a 10-year programme was ideal for his ailing company because
the company would have to take on staff on a permanent basis. ‘In the past
labour had to laid off when work slackened because most work was short-term.

The company last did work for the railways in 1981. It has the American
licence for the manufacture of the A3 Ride Control bogey pack which is used
by the railways. .Mr Hannay said the company had recently suffered from a
lack of orders for its products.

A railway statement said the network had 12 500 wagons in operation through-
out the system. Each wagon has a life expectancy of 40 years. "Over a

five-year period commencing in 1990 a large number of our wagons will reach
the end of their economic life and therefore it is now necessary to plan for

their replacement."

90



The main’elements of the revenue estimates are 686 million from diamonds;
193.5 million from the customs’ pool; and 109.4 million pula from land mineral
tax income.

Mr Speaker, recurrent expenditure for the coming financial year is expected to
_be ‘528 million. : This includes statutory and ¢onstitutional items. (?Some)
nominal increase on the latest estimates is 14.5 percent.

Mr Speaker, the government’ takes its manpower planning very seriously, paying
particular attention tothe needs of the economy as a whole, hence the continu-
ation-of our policy of (?sharing) skilled manpower with the nongovernment
sector. This year, we believe that the manpower budget exercise has achieved
gréater coordination with the more general departmental growth target. A
total of 1,400 new posts has been approved. This is an overall increase of

6 percent with the total establishment rising from 24,040. Of these, 442 are
in the A and the B categories.

The government has also decided to increase (2their) support of the brigades’
movements, recognizing the important task they can play in manpower development,
especially in the rural areas.

T now turn, Mr Speaker, to the development budget proposals. In 1986-1987,
the total appropriation sought will be 349.7 million pula. Of this, 30.3
million is on lending of donor funds and 48 million is for self-liquidating
projects, that is, projects that have no recurrent or manpower implications.
The test is for normal drought relief projects. As in previous years, I ex-
pected (?actual) spending to be lower than the appropriation. The final
figure is likely to be around 310 million pula.

Mr Speaker, the Ministry of Works and Communication will receive the largest
allocation: 99.9 million pula, about 100 million pula. It will account for
29 percent of the total appropriation. During 1986-1987, expenditure on the
railway network will consume more than half of the ministry's total allocations.

The second jargest spender of development funds will be the Ministry of Local
Coverhment and Lands with 58.6 million pula or 17 percent of the total
appropriation.

‘The rural’ development sector will spend 18.8 million, while a further 16.4
tiillion will go to rural areas through labor based and other drought relief
projects.

Urban development receives over one third of the ministry's total provision
to cater for projects such as development of Gaborone West, phase two; Frans-
‘town, phase four; Lobatse, phase two; and Selebi-Pikwe, phase two.

The Ministry of Mineral Resources and Water Affairs will take third position
in the budgetary allocation. Of its 45.7 million pula, some 11.7-million pula
is for on lending for the Botswana Power Corporation, for the Marupula Power
Station project. The Department of Water Affairs, which has the responsibility
for locating and developing new water sources, as well as constructing water
supplies receives one third of the ministry's budget.



ZAMBIA

CIVILIAN WORKERS AT AIRFORCE BASE MAY LOSE JOBS
Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 7 Feb 86 pl

[Text] MORE than 300 civilian workers at the Zambia Ar.’
force [ZAF] base in Mumbwa district may lose their
jobs because of a critical shortage of transport. “]

The workers who lea-
ve at’ Mumbwa Boma
which is 25 km away
from the base are
experiencing difficulties
in travelling ‘to their
working places as the
remaining two ZAF bu-
ses are used to collecting
only servicemen.

Briefing Mumbwa
branch chairman of the
Zambia Congress of
Trade Unions (ZCTU)
Mr Jairus Kadoloyester-
day, Major Ackim Kaso-
nde who is in-charge of
administration said that
since diesel prices were
increased, ZAF has been
faced with hardships in
running the buses to and
from the base. .

Major Kasonde said
that ZAF management
would however lay off-
any worker absent from
duty for more than three
days ina month.

The Majot added that
conditions of service for

/12828
cso: 3400/1133

general workers did not
include free transport
and added that it was’
only provided on huma-
nitarian grounds. :

However, Mr Kadolo
who went to address the
workers after receiving
the complaints, appea-
led to the ZAF manage-
ment to find ways of
transporting their wor-

-kers from the Boma, |.

Mr Kadolo who was
told that the workers had
been requested to put ;
up shelters near the base

- also asked the manage- -

ment to extend the shi- |
fting period because ;
elephant grass that they |
could use for thatching
their huts was still
immature. “ath
He appealed to the
workers to be self disci-
plined and try by all
means to report for du-
ties every day and urged .
them to obtain bicycle :
loans if shifting was
impossible. .

73



ZAMBIA

INFRASTRUCTURE PROBLEMS PREVENT FOOD RELIEF DELIVERIES
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 7 Feb 86 p 2

[Text] Some 2,000 bags of maize destined to famine stricken areas of Mwanya,
Kazembe and chitungulu are marooned at Lundazi as roads to the areas have
become impassable because of heavy rains.

Lundazi district governor Mr James ‘Nyirongo said the areas had been completely
cut off from the rest of the district by heavy rains which swept away a
number of bridges.

He feared that people in the affected areas would starve if the rains con-
tinued for another month.

Mx Nyirongo appealed to the National Contingency Planning Committee to
come to the district council's aid to ensure that the food was transported
to the areas.

The state of roads had also prevented the Ministry of Health from transporting
medical supplies to clinics in the affected areas causing a critical shortage
of drugs.

In Mongu, Western Province permanent secretary Mr Reuben Ching'ambu urged
the Zambia Red Cross Society to help people in famine stricken areas of the
province.

He was speaking when a Red Cross delegation led by its Geneva-based consultant
Mr Brian Hodgson paid a courtesy call on him at his office.

Mr Ching'ambu appealed to the society to work with other donor countries in
helping the Government to provide medicines.

Mr Hodgson said it was the wish of the Red Cross to ensure that its units
worked closely with host governments.

/12828
CSO: 3400/1134

79



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

NEW TRADE UNION BODY SPEAKS FOR 10 MILLION

Johannesburg THE STAR in English

[Text]

Quietly, with very little fanfare, a
trade union organisation with
enormous potential power is being
built up on South Africa’s periphery.

Few people iri South Africa —
even trade unionists — know much
about the one-year-old Southern
African Trade Union Co-ordination
Council (SATUCC) which claims it
speaks for about 10 million workers
in the countries bound together in
the Southern African Development
Co-ordination Conference (SADCC).

It is also linked to expatriate
trade unionists from South Africa
and Namibia.

SATUCC’s constituent

_ organisations are:

@The Angolan Organisation of
Workers.

@ The Botswana Federation of
Trade Unions.

@ The Swaziland Federation of
Trade Unions.

@ The Lesotho Congress of Free
Trade Unions.

@ The Congress of Malawi Trade
Unions.

@ The Organisation of Mozambique
Workers. oo,

@ The Zambian Congress of Trade
Unions.

@ The Zimbabwe Congress of Trade
Unions.

@ The National Union of Tanzania
Workers.

Represented
—

South African workers are
represented by the Azania Trade
Union Co-ordination Centre, allied

7 Feb 86 p 12

to the Pan Africanist Congress, and
the South African Congress of Trade :
Unions, allied to the African
National Congress, while Namibia is
represented by the National Union
of Namibian Workers.

Although not part of SADCC,
SATUCC was formed to parallel the
nine-nation organisation which
seeks to make Southern Africa less
dependent on South Africa and the
South African economy.

SATUCC keeps step with SADCC,
rotating its chairman (and its '
administration) every four years.

The chairman of the host
country’s national trade union
organisation is automatically
SATUCC chairman.

Botswana provided the first
chairman, Mr GB Matihoane,
chairman of Botswana's National
Union of Mineworkers and of the
Botswana Federation of Trade
Unions.

However, Mr Matlhoane resigned
recently and has been replaced by
his deputy, Mr BC Nthune, in both,
the BFTU and SATUCC.

In an interview in Gaborone, Mr
Nthune, vice-chairman of the
Botswana Diamond Sorters and
Evaluators and a bright, energetic
man who will shortly leave the
trade union movement because he
has been promoted to a managerial
position, said his successor as
chairman of the BFTU would be
elected at a conference in Gaborone *
on March 9 — and would then
automatically become chairman of
SATUCC.



/12828
cso:

3400/1148

“How many of us can
speak seven languages?
How many of us have
mastered the intricacies
of the matric syllabi for
maths, science, biology,
geography through a third
or fourth language.”

107



ZAMBIA

WELL BEING, ACTIVITIES OF ANC FARMERS DISCUSSED

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 11 Feb 86 p 6

[Text]

LUSAKA. — Hitler Tembo, “Botha’s son” and
Tapson Mwanza are all busy down on the

Hitler is helping build an abattoir, Tapson
patrols the mealie fields, beating a makeshift
iron gong to frighten off marauding monkeys
and “Botha’s son” has followed his father as
top boar in the herd of pigs.

‘There is. little in these peaceful fields
north of Lusaka to bring to mind unrest in
South Africa or the carnage of a mine blast at
a crowded shopping centre.

But the link is the African National Con-
gress (ANC), the main guerilla organization

ighting the Pretoria government, and the
1335,5 ha farm shows a different side of the
nationalist group which has claimed respon-
sibility for much of the sabotage inside South
Africa over the past 20 years.

Farm manager Mr Aaron Mafaje and a
labour force of around 80 grow mealies and
vegetables, raise pigs and cattle to feed the
more than 300 ANC members who live in or
around the Zambian capital.

The ANC has been outlawed in South
Africa for 25 years and in exile its non-
military headquarters are in Lusaka, a clus-

ter of low-roofed offices down an alley off the
central Cairo Road.

ANC officials refuse to discuss military
aspects of their operation, but there are no
signs of security at the farm nor weapons at
the headquarters, where a small knot of
young men in ordinary clothes screen visi-
tors entering the red metal gates.

ANC workers live frugally, said Mr Tom
Sebina, an official in the information depart-
ment.

“The ANC provides us with our accom-
modation, food, welfare and health care. In
addition, everyone regardless of position, in-
cluding Oliver Tambo, gets only 14 kwacha
(about R5,25) a month pocket-money,” he
said.

Rations of the staple mealie meal and vege-
tables are collected from an ANC stall in
Lusaka’s central market, where produce
from the farm is also sold to raise funds.

The blue-painted tin-roofed stall is little
different from its neighbours, but Mr Sebina
asked that it not be photographed so it would
not be identified.

The farm, called Chongella Estates, was
bought for the ANC by the Swedish aid agen-
cy SIDA in 1978 when its main crop was
tobacco. Now, it grows mealies, sorghum,
soya beans, ground nuts, a wide variety of
vegetables and some fruit.

As well as a herd of 1000 cattle, there are
80 pigs, some ducks and turkeys and 1000
hens for egg production. The neighbouring
farm is owned by Anglo American Corpora-
tion, South Africa’s largest conglomerate.

“We used to have a lot more pigs,” said Mr
Mafaje. “But we had feed problems so we
sold most of them. We started off with two
boars we called ‘Reagan’ and ‘Botha’, but
they got too heavy for the sows so they were
sent to market.” .

Now top boar is “Botha’s son No 1”, a large
two-year-old with fluffy ears.

Mr Mafaje, 30, was born and raised in
Soweto near Johannésburg and left South
Africa in 1978 because “I was not satisfied
with the system”.

He took agricultural courses in East Ger-
many, Tanzania and Zambia before coming to
run the farm in 1982.

He said, as well as feeding its members and
raising money for the ANC, it was also used
to train people in farming and running a

business. At any time there were abo

ANC working at the farm as well as 50 ‘tam,

bian workers, such as Hitler and Tapson, who

were kept on when it was bought.

spokesman for the organization

ANC secretariat was divided into three ces:

tions: the president's office responsible for

information and military aspects, external

affairs responsible for health, arts and cul-

ure, _cducation and foreign relations, and a

ener:

freasure Be 8 ion responsible for
About 30 people work full-time at the head-
juarters. The ANC runs a nui

their children south of Tusaka, School for



SOUTH AFRICA

TRADITIONS, POVERTY, ENVIRONMENT SEEN AS HAMPERING BLACK EDUCATION

. Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Feb 86 p 12

[Text]
SPEAKERS at the Black!
Education Language -

/9317

Conference in Pretoria
yesterday pointed out
some of the many prob-'
lems encountered _ by.
Black children, parents
and teachers in the educa-!
tional field.

Poverty and the en-!
vironment caused a lack
of interaction by many
pupils and rural customs,
could also be. cumber-|
some to a sound, academ-.
ic grounding.

Mrs B M Malefo, of the
Tihabane College of Edu-
cation, said pupils often
came from crowded
homes where circum-
stances were such that
they could not do any:
homework. ‘

The only _ literature
available was the child’s
school books — if there
were any. :

Low family incomes
and unemployment

cso: 3400/1115

forced parents to start
“shebeens” ‘to raise
money to maintain their
families.

In rural areas, after
school, boys had to help

» Jook after the cattle while

girls were called upon to
do home chores such as

- drawing water and col-

lecting firewood — often
from considerably long
distances — and prepar-
ing meals.

“By the time they finish
it is late and apart from
the ‘fact that they are
tired, it is difficult for
them to do any reading or
writing under the poor
lighting of a wood fire,”
said Mrs Malefo.

Dr M S Odendaal of
Stellenbosch University’s
Institute for Language
Teaching, cited a survey
which highlighted the dif-
ficulties of Blacks in ob-
taining textbooks.

103

In 14 schools, she said,
more than half the pupils
had textbooks. Of the 333
teachers questioned near-
ly 50 percent said that
only half their pupils had
textbooks.

In many cases poverty
prevented parents from
providing even the most
elementary of school
needs. :

“Often, she said, parents
did not back up teachers.

. by ensuring that home-

work was done.

Also, parents often at-
tached little value to edu-
cation and failed positive-
ly to motivate children.

Dr Odendaal said that
strong traditions also did
not further sound educa-
tion. For instance the
child’s traditional role of
servility to the adult fig-
ure of authority of the
teacher resulted in passiv-
ity by the pupil.



ZIMBABWE

LAND USE PROGRAM SEEKS TO RAISE PEASANT FARM YIELD
Harare THE HERALD in English 6 Feb 86 p 1

[Text] The Government is preparing a programme for proper land use in the
communal lands to enable the people to grow crops which are suitable for
their areas, the Minister of Lands, Agriculture and Rural Resettlement,
Cde Moven Mahachi, said on Tuesday.

Answering a question from Senator C. Makanda in the Senate, Cde Mahachi

said his ministry and that of Local Government, Rural and Urban Development
were planning the land programme which "will focus on the agricultural activ-
ities emphasising the appropriate land use for specific areas."

The Ministry of Local Government, Rural and Urban Development was now
responsible for selecting people for resettlement. It administered the
schemes and developed the infrastructure for new settlers in those areas,
said Cde Mahachi.

The minister said about 35 000 families had been resettled since 1980.

"There ts still about 400 000 hectares purchased which has not been settled,
mainly in Matabeleland, because of the dissident situation in that part of
the country," said Cde Mahachi.

Settlers inthe Dombodema resettlement scheme in Matabeleland were :constantly
harassed by dissidents and it had not been possible to encourage other
people to take up new land.

Programme

The programme was severely affected by the drought, said Cde Mahachi.

“Water tables had dropped, thus reducing usage of boreholes. Surface water
was generally either poor or not there. Thus settling people with no reliable
water sources of even domestic water, let alone water for livestotk, would
have been ill-advised."

Cde Mahachi said it was not appropriate to set up committees to deal with
the land question because the ministry believed that this was the duty of
the provincial development committees throughout Zimbabwe, chaired by
provincial governors. .

88



the absence of many new projects owing
$6 the emphasis on rehal ieation. rather
han on the creation of new assets. The
high cost of inputs also had an inhibiting
effect.

(f) Prices and Employment

26. Mr , Sir, in the days when
foreign was readily available,
Took of adequate production | in | the
domeat jomy Was Bu)
it Sn the situation of limited
i have had

(g) Grose Domestic Product

28, Mr Speaker, Sir, aftor throe .yoars
of almost continuous decling, the ‘gross
domestic: product grow by 3.4 por cont in
roul,torms in 1986. Although this growth
rate was just ent to forestall a further
fall in per capita income, the increase in
nat output is an indication that the

Policies we have adopted aro ning to

Work. But as 1 oer aver the
wor Ba ae ona potioy it 1086 wl
be to build on the measures wo have
already taken in order to inoreaso produo-

(b) Government Budget '

). Mr. Speaker, Sir, allow me now to
dines briefly the B out-turn for
1985. The total auth
by this House in 1985 amounted to

2,181.7 million of which K343.3 million
was through supplomentary estimates.
K1,820.4 million of the'total amount was
for recurrent oxponditiro while the balance
was in respect of capital oxponditure.
Proliminary expenditure figures show that
by the end of the voar, K1,662.0 million
of the recurrent provision and K3650.0
million of the capital provision woro

total expondituro to

Bole milion

30. Mr Speaker, Sir, there was some
improvemont in rovonue collection. Total
reourront revenue, indluding capital grants,
exceeded the Budget estimate of K1,454.9
million by K78.7 million, This' increase:
was attributed to the enhanced collection
under customs, excise and salos taxes
and income tax. Collection by the Depart-
‘iment of Customs and Excise amounted to
K787.3 million exceeding the Budget
catimate of K677.6 million by K109.7
main.components of ‘the total

K138.6 million—duty on impor

1070 milion—sals tax on imports;
al

K350.4 million—excisé duty.

Tho rest was accounted for mainly by
the sales tax on domestic goods and

31, Receipts under thé‘Income Tax'Act
wore also: generally satisfactory. Thoy
exceeded the Budget estimate of K370.7
thillion by K37.6 million,

32.
below the level of the total expenditure incurred.
indicate that the deficit was in the region of K500.0 million.
portion of this deficit was financed by borrowing from the banking system.

Although total revenue was above the Budget estimates, it was well
Preliminary estimates

A large

Part III
Fundamental Issues in the Economy

33. If we examine critically the account I have so far given regarding the
performance of our economy, it will be seen that our economic problems fall
into three distinct but related groups. The first is the severe shortage of
foreign exchange which has badly affected the performance of our economy .
and especially those sectors that depend heavily on imported inputs. The
second problem is lack of adequate production in the econdmy and the third
is the persistence of serious imbalances in Government finances.

56



SOMALIA

BRIEFS

RECENT CLASHES REPORTED--Fighters of the Somali National Movement, SNM, wing
of the Somali Opposition forces, fiercely attacked troops loyal to Siad Barre
stationed at Balidid and Qrilugid villages in Burao District on February 1986.
The gallant SNM fighters inflicted heavy losses on the dispirited troops loyal
to the fascist regime of Mogadishu. They captured Lt Abdi Farah Hasan, serial
No 46750, and Cpl Kassim Wahilye Culosow, serial No 220997. On the same day,
the gallant SNM fighters made a similar attack on the troops loyal to the
moribund regime headed by General Siad Barre stationed at Ala Ibaday village
in Gabiley District, killing 8 and wounding over 23 enemy soldiers. Other re-
ports on continuing successes scored by SNM fighters against the troops loyal
to General Siyad Barre say that in two separate attacks launched by the SNM
on Borama area and Qolijeed village in Awdal region the deaths of five and
wounding of four enemy soldiers are confirmed. The reports go on to say that
the SNM fighters attacked troops loyal. to Siad Barre stationed at Labi Sagaleh
village in Hargeisa District, killing four enemy soldiers. The SNM lost three
martyrs and four others were wounded in their operations in the north of the
country. [Text] [(Clandestine) Radio Halgan in Somali to Somalia 1700 GMT
14 Feb 86 EA] /8918

cso: 3400/1157

52



A journalist told Tambo: |
«Buthelezi says he doesn’t unders-
tand why you pick him out of all
the homeland leaders.”

Tambo responded ‘What have
the other homeland leaders done?
Have they attacked the workers
when they went on strike? Have
they attacked the ANC when it hit
Sasol? Have they killed students
(an apparent reference to the death
of five students at thé University of
Zululand in clashes with Inkatha
loyalists in October 1983), have
they attack members of the UDF,
killing them? What have they
done? What have they said?’

Buthelezi fired a salvo of his own
at the ANC shortly after Tambo’s
remarks in Lusaka.

‘They talk about themselves as
the vanguard movement,’ he said
of the ANC leaders.

‘They strut up and down. the cor-
ridors of the international com-
munity as members of a govern-
ment in exile. They loudly and in-
sistently proclaim themselves to be.
the sole representatives of the peo-
ple of South Africa. .

‘They tolerate no opposition.
They say that blacks must not enter
town council politics, and when i
they do, they murder them brutal-
ly by hacking them to pieces, or in-
cinerating' them alive.

19317
sO: 3400/1113

‘That is democracy for the ANC
mission in exile.”

It was put to Tambo at Lusaka
that the ANC strategy of making
the townships and the country
ungovernable amounted to foster-
ing a destructive black-on-black
confrontation.

‘That was never the strategy of
the ANC’, Tambo said. ‘The
strategy of the ANC was to make
apartheid unworkable, the country
ungovernable. .

“The first move in that direction
was to destroy the local structure
of the apartheid system on which
it intended to build a constitutional
structure to serve urban Africans
only. That was the regime’s plan.

“We said, ‘we must chop down.

the foundations of that structure, .

so that we won't allow a structure

in which there are racially separate
constitutional provisions.

‘That would be reinforcing,
building on the foundations of
apartheid. Therefore the people
started calling for the abolition of
community councils, calling on

councillors to resign.

‘The majority resigned. Those
who refused to resign were
attacked.

‘That is the element of black vs
black. But it was unavoidable. In
the result, many councils have been

14

| destroyed. The regime has not been
able to succeed with its plans.

‘We have succeeded to that
point. They have not made special
constitutional provisions to serve
the blacks in our country. We in-
sist we are part of South Africa.

‘It was never our policy that
there should be black vs black. It
was incidental. Black vs black also
involves black policemen shooting
civilians and children on the orders

of their bosses.’

Figures released by the Institute
of Race Relations, show that about
one third of the 1 028 people kill-
ed in twonship violence between
September 84 and January 86, were

, killed in intra-black fighting.

* In a’statement issued by Chief
Gatsha Buthelezj this week, the
Kwazulu Chief said he had receiv-
ed warm greetings from jailed

_ ANC leader Nelson Mandela.

The message, sent by post from
Pollsmoor Prison, and in
Mandela’s own handwriting,
thanked Buthelezi for ‘goodwill
and support’ received during
Mandela’s recent illness.

_ Chief Buthelezi was himself a
member of the ANC before it was

, banned in 1961.


NEW, HIGH IMPORT DUTIES SCARE OFF IMPORTERS

Lagos SUNDAY TIMES in English 26 Jan 86 p 24

[Article by Yakubu Momodu]

[Text]

/12828

OPERATIONS. in Nigerian ports have
-at snail speed since January 1
this year as importers whose goods were
caught with the 30 per cent import duty
refused to take possession of their goods.

“According to President Babangida’s
budget speech, goods imported into the
country as from January 1, 1986, would
pay a 30 per cent duty in addition to the
five per cent surcharge that ‘has been in

vogue.
A Sunday Times investigation revealed,
that many importers whose goods arrived
the Nigerian territorial waters by January
1 this year refused to take possession of
their goods seeking further clarificatic..
from the customs as to the operational
date of the new law. |
‘According to them, their goods had left

their port of origin before the new law was ~

made. i

“4t would be punitive if goods in transit
and shipped from port of origin in 1985
should be subjected to a law operational
in 1986", said an importer who gave his
name as Majolate Aje, -

When the dunday Times visited the
Apepa and Tin Can Island Port Complex,
very low rate of work was noticed as both
the clearing agents and their glients are
confused as to the réal situation.

“The customs insist on the 30 per cent
payment while the importers refused say-

CSO: 3400/1130

ing that they wanted further clarification
from the government’, he said.

But the Deputy Director of Customs in
‘charge of Economic Relations, Research
and Planning! Mr. A. O. Fafowora said
that all goods that arrived the Nigerian
territorial waters as from January 1 this
year must pay the 30 per cent duty. :

Mr. Fafowara declared, “‘to clear all the
doubts which may be lurking in the minds
cof importers and the general public, the

“position of the law “is that all goods

imported into the country up till and inclu-
ding December 31, 1985 are not affected
by the 30 per cent import duty. But such
goods should pay the five per cent sur-

charge. .

“All goods imported into the country as
from January 1, 1986 are to pay the 30 per
cent import duty whether such-goods
arived the Nigerian territorial waters or
not’ he added.

Mr. Fatowora further said that the 30
per cent levy would be based on the Cost

‘Insurance and Freight (CIF) value of

goods imported.

According to him, the area administra-
tor of ‘customs have been instructed to
sssue separate receipts for the’ five per
cent surcharge and the 30 per cent tevy
‘on imports and furthermore to monitor
the operations of the levy to ensure mini-
mum delay én documents lodged in the
‘customs long room.

43

NIGERIA



LOW PRICES, FEW BUYERS CAUSE FARMERS TO TURN TO BARTER TRADE

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 27 Jan 86 pp 1, 17

[Article by Salisu Nainna]

[Text]

EASANT farmers in

parts of Kano State
have now resorted to barter
by exchanging facm
produce for manufactured
goods, a Daily Times inves-
tigation has revealed.

‘The peasants who live in
fertile rural areas in parts of
the state were seen begging
the petty traders to take
measures of grains, such as
millet, guinea com and

tomatoes in exchange tor
their tablets of toilet soap
and detergent, as no food-
stuff buyers were forth-
coming.

At Kura Town less than
30 kilometres from Kano
‘along Zaria road, farmers
complained that they,
needed the manufactured
goods, but lacked money to,
pay for them and had to
engage in barter. bot

Similarly, their grains
were priced “too low”

according to them and

called on the state and
Federal Governments to
order the National Grains
Board to buy off their
surplus grains whose

/12828
csO: 3400/1131

t,The : farmers:
Jtheie:probiem of “

"compounded

estimated value is put at
more than a million naira. ~
A similar situation exists at
Yada Kwari village in the
same area where the
farmers are now
exchanging grains for fer-

tilizers and other farm__
inputs put had aso"

‘irrigation and rural
‘merit programme:

‘excess grains
after
-harvesting wheat, fice and
other’ .grains, - vegetables
and cereals at the end of
the on-going dry. season

_ farming in the area.

Some of them expressed
disappointment that. Nigeria
which imports foodstuff
worth millions of. naira
could neglect her surplus
produce.

47

__ An official ot the National
Farmers’ Council, “Kura
branch, Malam Salisu Luke-
man Tela ragretted’ the.
plight of the peasants in the.
area and hoped that the
authorities concerned
would react to this report.
He said that it is unwise

“for the government to

invest in agriculture only to
burden farmers with the
products of their labour
without adequate storage
facilities.

NIGERIA



GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE INCREASES AS KWACHA VALUE FALLS

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 1 Feb 86 p 1

[Text]

/9317
CSO: 3400/1109

GOVERNMENT " proposed
expenditure in the Budget
has risen to K5,261 million
from last year’s _K1,836.8
million because of the
depreciation of the
Kwacha.

Out of this total, K2,215.7
million would cover te-
current expenditure while
constitutional and statutory
expenditure would account
for K2,304.4 million.

The remaining amount of
K704.9 million will cover
capital expenditure.

Recurrent expenditure is
broken down as follows:
Personal emoluments
K661.9 million recurrent
departmental charges
K891.7 million grants and
other payments K218.4
million pensions and
gratuities K40.3 million,
subsidies K33.8 million and
contingency vote K69.6
million.

Meanwhile, the Fourth
National Development Plan
which was scheduled to be
launched this year has been
postponed to next January

ecause of the depressed
economy,

The temporary shelving
of the plan would enable
the Party and its Govern-

~ ment to consolidate the

measures effected so far
to restructure the economy.

76

Explaining this year’s
Budget policy, the minister
said Zambia must now
ensure that her expenditure
matched the real resources
in hand in view of the
grave economic situation.

The reduction of the
public service and diploma-
tic missions abroad was
evidence. of the Party and
its Government's readiness

* to “'come to grips with the -

economic problems facing
the country."”

The annual plan would
be used to guide the alloca-
tion of resources on the
fines of development
priorities agreed upon.

it was important ‘that
industries relied more on
locally produced raw mate-
rials to cut down on foreign
exchange utilisation and
ensure that labour was re-
tained.

“Since labour is what we
have in abundance, that is
what we should employ
abundantly. Capital on the
other hand is scarce and we
should use it sparingly.

“By changing ‘the re-
lative cost of labour and
capital in favour of labour,
the auction system will
assist to ensure the creation
of more , employment
opportunities in the count-
ty,’”' he said. 7



On the other hand, South African
Transport Services and Escom is-
sued far less new work last year
compared with 1984.

In rand terms, the 1985 total is
about six percent below the total
value in the year before, and with
construction costs last year going
up by about 15 percent the drop in
volume of new work was about 20
percent.

Drop in Contracts

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 Feb 86 p 24

[Text]

CIVIL engineering con-
tracts have remained few
and far between for the
industry. Only 42 new civ-
il engineeting contracts
with a combined value of
R78-million were report-
ed to the SA Federation
of Civil Engineering Con-
tractots (Safcec).

“This reflects the slow
flow of new work which is
more characteristic for
the Christmas season than
for January. In 1985 the
figure stood higher — at
R98-million — and in
January 1984 it was a
healthy R203-million,” a
Safcec spokesman said.

“This illustrates the
continued state of reces-
sion,” he said.

Road contracts again
dominate the industry,
with several large awards
contributing about 70 per-
cent to the total value of

new contracts.

‘The two largest pro-
jects for January were
awarded by the Transkei
Government.

Basil Read won the
R16,4-million contract to
reconstruct 33,3 km of

/12828

cso:

3400/1135

existing national route 2
between Umtata and
Qumbu.

The second-largest con-
tract, worth i213,4-mil-
tion went to Savage and
Lovemore for rebuilding
52 km of existing gravel
government road 605 be-
tween _ the Transkei
boundary and the Orange
River in the Sterkspruit
district.

The Lebowa Govern-
ment awarded // Murray
and Roberts Lebown)
the R8.3-million’ contract
for the construction of a
tarred road from Malaita
to Jane Furse{ about 60)

km northeast of Groblers-
dal. It should be com-
pleted in 12 months.

Besides road construc-
tion, a R2,6-million sew-
erage contract went to
LTA to extend the pres-
ent sewage treatment
works at Knysna.

Oveon (Cape) Civils
won two contracts worth:
R2.8-miflion for Caledon
Riviersonderend Co-op.



MALAWI

EXPORT AGREEMENT WITH UK TEXTILE FIRM
Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English 29 Jan 86 pp 1, 3

{Text] A Malawian clothing company is to supply five tons of clothing to a
big "quality-conscious" textile firm in the United Kingdom in an export break-
through which will see the local supplier bagging about half a million

Kwacha in the deal.

Press and Shire clothing Limited of Lilongwe started dispatching the order
last week to Ireland after formally getting orders from Mr Harry Whittaker,
a textile magnate with several companies on the trade in Ireland and else-
where in the United Kingdom, had paid his first visit to Malawi "to see for
myself what this company can produce." :

He told the 'Daily Times' in Lilongwe that both the quality and fairly
reasonable prices for the clothing--mainly shirts--made him make the
orders straight-away.

"zy must admit that we first placed the sample orders tongue-in-cheek but
we were amazed to see that in about two hours flat, they (Press and Shire)
had the sample ready and were of such high quality that they could compete
fairly well with Hong Kong--the world's clothing experts," Mr Whittatker
remarked.

Mr Michael de Kock, a director in one of Mr Whittacker's businesses, said
he had been pleased to accompany his chairman during the Malawi trip which
had been a great eyé-opener. He added that after seeing the high-quality
products by the local. clothing company, his organisation was determined

to place more orders because the local items were likely to sell well in
the United Kingdom..

Meanwhile, the director of operations for Press and Shire Clothing Limited,
Mr J. Carter, said the export breakthrough had elated the company's members
of staff.

“We are very pleased about it because this proves that Press and Shire makes
quality products approved by the international market," he enthused.



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

NEW SAFETY CAB FOR FARMERS--PRETORIA--South Africa's vehicle market saw the
launch of yet another model yesterday. But this time there was no skimpily-
clad long-legged blondes draped over the vehicle; only toughened Agterberg
farmers giving it close attention at the launch at Tshipise in the far north-
ern Transvaal. The Rinkhals will not win many prizes for sleek aerodynamic
design; its main task is to protect against landmines. Technically it is
not a new vehicle, but a V-shaped fortress which slots in to replace the cab
on a standard bakkie. It is billed as the first commercial low-cost, mine-
protected vehicle for practical use by farmers in South Africa and its
unveiling is expected to mark a rash of similar vehicles following the recent
landmine blasts in the far northern Transvaal. Each "capsule" has a basic
design, offering armour-plating and special safety glass, with a price range
of between R10 000 and R15 000. A host of optional extras, such as air-
conditioning, radios, two, four or more seats, are available. The vehicle
was designed by Coin Security Engineering in collaboration with the CSIR,
and the capsules will be fitted at the company's Pretoria factory. First
orders are expected to go into production next month, The capsule will

fit most bakkies. In the event of a landmine detonation the capsule will
remain intact, even if the rest of the vehicle is destroyed. {Text] [Cape
Town THE WEEKEND ARGUS in English 1 Feb 86 p 9] /12828

cso: 3400/1137 END

133



NIGERIA

BRIEFS

BAUCHI AIRPORT EXPANSION--The Bauchi State Government is to spend N2 million
on the construction of a four-kilometre runway for the new Bauchi airport,
the state governor, Lt-Col Chris Garuba, has said. Governor Garuba told
newsmen at Government House in Bauchi, that the construction of the ‘airport
would be by direct labour. He said that airport construction engineers

in the state's Ministry of Works would undertake the construction under’ the
supervision of an expert already released from the Federal Ministry of
Transport and Aviation for the project. Lt-Col Garuba said that the decision
by the Federal Government to suspend construction of new airports in the
country was dictated by the country's economic situation, but that the

state government would appeal to the Federal Government to re-imburse’it
after the airport might have been completed ahd the economy improved. [Excerpt]
[Enugu DAILY STAR in English 28 Jan 86 p 1] /12828

STRIKE CAUSES FACTORY CLOSURE--Cadbury of Nigeria Limited is to be shut

till further notice. The action was taken yesterday by its management to
prevent the damage of loss of materials by some members of its staff.
According to the Public Relations Manager, Mrs. Nike Banjo, the action became
necessary, since all efforts by the executives of the national unions had
failed to pacify the workers who had embarked on a "go slow action". She
disclosed that their action had resulted in a loss of N3 million to the
company. [Text] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 30 Jan 86 p 12] /12828

FOUR MINISTRIES SCHEDULED FOR ABUJA MOVE--The Minister of Federal Capital
Territory, Air Commodore Hamza Abdullahi, has said that his immediate
problem is to prepare ground for the movement of four ministries to Abuja
this year. The minister, who left Lagos yesterday, to assume duty in Abuja,
told airport correspondents that he would first look into the available
facilities and consider the pace at which the movement would be done. The
first four ministries to be moved this year, according to the new minister,
are Trade, Internal Affairs, Finance and Industry. He also said that the
private sector has been allocated lands and facilities to speed up their
movements. He continued: "This is an area we have to work on now so that it
will encourage the development of the Federal Capital Territory and also

the movement of foreign embassies." The minister said that he was disappointed
in some Nigerians referring to the Federal Capital Territory "as a glorified
bush, which we have been building since 1978. “Already, we have pipe-borne
water, electricity and othe infrastructures in Abuja," he said. [Excerpt]
[Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 30 Jan 86 p 1] /12828

CSO: 3400/1126
51



Government Expenditure Increases as Kwacha Value Falls
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 1 Feb 86) s.scsececscceceeeeceeceteecers

Well Being, Activities of ANC Farmers Discussed
(CAPE TIMES, 11 Feb 86) .ececeececccccceecsececvccececenes

Infrastructure Problems Prevent Food Relief Deliveries
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 7 Feb 86) .csscecuscccnsscececssecsseeee

Maize Price To Be Decontrolled
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 31 Jan 86) ..escsccececeecescecceseccess

New Mining Holding Company Established
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 31 Jan 86) ...cceccssecevccscvcecceecves

State Takes Measures To Fight Illegal Mining
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 10 Feb 86) ..seccseevecceenceeeeeeeses

ZIMBABWE

Sithole Describes His Life as Exile in United States
(THE CITIZEN, 14 Feb 86) .esesccsececscccceccecetoccnceecs

Nation Said To Lead Africa in Uplifting of Women
(Robin Drew; THE ARGUS, 18 Jan 86) ...ecevesceceecevevcees

Land Use Program Seeks To Raise Peasant Farm Yield
(THE HERALD, 6 Feb 86) ..ssecececceccccceccvccvccsvcescees

Railways To Launch 10-Year Renewal Program
(Bill Saidi; THE HERALD, 15 Jan 86) wicscssecsceccecsevees
SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

Air Force Chief Warns Not To Underestimate Nation's Technology
(THE CITIZEN, 8 Feb 86) seeeseceeseccenscctceeetertevecees

Briefs
Government Spending for Ministerial Homes
AWB To Set Up Vigilante Groups
Armscor New Testing Range

BLACKS

Mandela Influence Growing Despite Imprisonment 5
(Anton Harber; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 7-13 Feb 86) ...seseeceees

76

77

79

80

81

82

84

86

88

90

92

93

93

95


{ii) Tax on Pensioners’ Income

134, As I have pointed out earlier, the
changes we have introduced in the process
of rohabilitating the economy havo oreatod
serious pressures on those ‘of our follow
men who receive fixed incomes. I am
thinking in partioular of pensioners.

,135, At the momont_ponsions aro taxed
‘as ordinary income. To assist pensioners
Tam proposing that income paid to them
not exceeding K2,400.00 per year bo
exempt from tax.

(iii) Compulsory Loss of Office °

- 136, Mi Spenker, Sir, where an om-
ployee is compulsorily retired or relieved
of his office the benefits payabie to him

by way of “ex-gratia paymonts, com”
pensation for loss oF offco or employment
or terminal long service bonus are currently
taxable. To assist the persons involved
to sottle down on the land or find othor
sourecs of livelihood, I am proposing that
these terminal bonofité to the maximum. of
K10,000.00 be: exempt from tax..Howovor,
tho loss of office arising from disciplipary
‘action should not be covered by the
proposed change.

(iv) Company Tax

137. Mr. Spoaker, . Sir, company tax
row stands at 50.0 per cent. Earlier on
in my address, I have mentioned the need
for us to increase production. When taxes.
are very high, they tond te discourage
Production and investmont. I have also,
Mr Speaker, Sir, indicated that in our
economy sorvices hive tonded to grow
too rapidly even as production of goods.
has remained sluggish. :

138. In order to strongthen the measures,
wwe have already takon, I am proposin,

. that there should be a Tuudlamontal
oftange in our tax  potioy, Instead of taxing
producers of goods in the samo way as
those who contribute only sorvices, ‘there
should be somo differentiation in the tax
rates, Accordingly, I am proposing’ that:
those who produce services only ‘and who,-
thorefore, have a faster turn-round timo
for their investment, should pay a little
more tax than those’ who are engaged in
the production of goods, Hence, I am
proposing that tax on manufacturing and
similar companios should bo fixed at 35.0
por cont whilo that on the producers of
aorvices should bo 45.0 per cent. In this
way, I am allowing more liquidity and
profits to the manufacturers so that they
can reinvest the additional resources in
further production, expansion and. job
croat’on.

68

(¥) Personal Tax

139. Mr Speaker, Sir, 1 shall now turn
to personal tax. Sir, in dosigning a porsonal
tax policy for this year two principal
considerations have beén foremost in
my mind. The first is to do with the recont,
rapid inorease in prices as a rosult of both
the lack’ of adoqitato production. in the
economy and last yoar's | doprbociation
of the Kwacha. Secondiy, Sir, the dopre-
ciation of the Kwacha has croated new

complications in the taxation of those
who, under theit conditions of employment
and our exchange control regulations, are
allowed to ropatrinto -cortain “benefits
to their countries of origin or recruitment.
There complications have arison basically
because of the large amount required
in Kwacha for making the romittances.

140. In order to deal with these pro-
blems, I am proposing that tho taxation
of those who do not requiro to make
remittances should be separated from
the taxation of those who have to remit.
This means that we shall now have two
tax schedules. .

141. For those who do not have to-
remit, the achedule will be as followa:

Rate of
Tazable Income Tar

(per cent)
The first K2,000.. 5.0
Next K3,500.. 15.0
Next K4500 4... 25.0
Next 5,600. 35.0
Next K6,500 45.0
Next K8000 0. 55.0
Next K10,000 .. 0. 60.0
Excess eee 65.0

142. Mr Speaker, Sir, tho effect of this
modification will ‘be to -lower, by an
ostimated 18.0 por coiit, the amount, of
tho tax payablo. I rogard this chango as a
substential concession to tho tax-payer. .
May I thoroforo appeal to our collonguos
in tho labour movoment to be modorate
in thoir wage demands. As for the public
gorvico as a wholo, tho Party and its
Government wore able to givoa substantial
jnereaso in salaries last yoar. Part of the
jneroase was hold over to this year for
some categories of workors. This will be paid.
Howover, with the continuing diflicult
situation facing us, tho Party and its
Government will not be ablo to make
another general wago incroaso in the
public service in 1986. Tho reduction in
tax will, I am sure, bo ablo to carry us
over this year. :

143, Mr Speaker, Sir, lob mo now
discuss tho taxation arfangomonts . to


NAMIBIA

JUSTICE HIEMSTRA SHEDS LIGHT ON NEW CONSTITUTION Sot yENt ac "

No Repeat of AG 8 4

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 7 Jan 86 p 1

[Article by Jean Sutherland]

[Text] . Bre

THE CONSTITUTION ‘to ‘be drawn up by the
Constitutional Council would in no way resemble
Namibia’s controversial Proclamation AG 8 ac-
cording to the newly- appointed ‘Chairman of the
Council, Mr Justice Victor Hiemstra.

Expressing caution’ on
“giving too many of my
own ideas”, the former
South” African ‘Supreme
Court judge -felt there
would be .a distinct dif-
ference of emphasis in, the

“new” constitution.

He was responding toa.
question from’ The Adver-
tiser'’ today whether his
earlier «statement that
ethnicity was a fact of life
which would have to be ac-j
commodated in the con-.
stitution would merely lead
to a new version of AG 8. '

“He felt not. “It depends
of the degree.

“Although I implied that

ethnicity could clearly not-

be ignored, it will not be
the main’ factor as in
AG 8,”.he said. -

Judge Hiemstra also said
the council, which begins
work ori Monday, would
start with a skeleton draft
constitution he was draw-
ing up and that he did not!

favour the co-option of
constitutional experts too
early on. \

The council would go
through the ' constitution
section ‘by section and fill
in the particulars. +

The co-option .of .con-
stitutional experts could be
very useful Judge Hiemstra
said, but he'fett the time °
was not quite ripe now.

“I would prefer to have a:
general draft drawn up first
and to see which points we

cannot see enough light

ahead on.” 7

He hoped they would ~
reach that stage “in about
three months”. .

The “proclamation em.
powering. the Transitional
Government makes provi-
sion for consultants to be
financed out of govern-
ment funds.

23

“have

‘owned’ by the’ Cabinet is

“While there “ts broad =
consensus on the principle
Of outside advisors... the

Cabinet will -have.to agree...

on the individuals sug-
gested. an :

“In the past, some pat :
consulted experts
overseas, but the idea of a
team of experts “jointl

favoured. y
“Judge Hiemstra Funes
deérlined his ‘earlier . state-
ment that the constitution
would be drawn, Mp: using
the requirements of thé |
Western Five ~ Contact”
Group as a broad guidelitie
and said it would be’ “vety <
democratic”.
The. public would : ‘be :

kept informed of deyelop- ...

ments via press con-
ferences, the radio and
television, he added.



to the people coticerned to’ pay the tax.’
‘To give Inte payers of tax some cncourage-
ment, I am proposing to chango’ this
situation by increasing the penalty’ from
‘6.0 por. cent to 10.0 por cent. If this still
proves inadequate, the rate will be
increased further. ;

i) Minimum Tax Rate os

110., Mr Speaker, Sir, in 1984 and again
jn January Inst year, legislation was
apptoved by’ this House which had the
objective of increasing the ratos of customs
duty as a way of discouraging capital
intensity in the economy and encouraging
the utilisation of the raw mate¥iols avail-
ablo locally, A number of small items
escaped those oxereises and must now
bo brought in. Moreover, in order to raise
more revenue, it is necessary to raiso the
minimum rate of duty from the present
10.0 por cent to 15.0 per cont. In doing 0,
T have also changed the formula which
governs the calculation of tho related sales
tax on imports in such @ way as to reduce
tho offective, rate of this tax by 1.8 per
cont. .

JIL. In line with existing policy, agri-
cultural inputs and thoso connected with
weducation aud health will romain un-
‘affected hy these changes in tariff policy.
This means that theso catogorics -of
imports will continiie to be duty-froe.

(iii) Motor Vehicles |

112. Mr Speaker, Sir, towards the ond
of last year, I changed the rato of duty
applicable to passongor cara in sch a way
that tho maximum rato was reduced from
150.0 per cont to 100.0 per cont. It is now
clear to mo that that reduction, takon
togothor with the existing salox tax and
the loading of 25.0 por cent, did not go far
efough. Motor vehicles aro still very ex-
pensive in Zambia and are boyond the
reach of practically all Zambians excopt
perhaps those in business. ‘

113. To improve the situ-
ation a little, I am now
proposing a change in the
way the duty on motor
vehicles is calculated.
The existing rates will

be replaced by new rates
which will be calculated

on the basis of a formula which will add
12.5 per cont to the product of the figure
ropresonting the Kwacha value of a car
for duty purposes multiplied by 0.0005, |
provided that the minimum duty shali be
30.0 per cont and the maximym 100.0.
per cont. : 1

66

114, The result of this modification wilt
be to lowor tho rato of duty, applicable, =

115, All theso changes I have hnounced
will yield on estimated K350.4 million and
will become. effective tomorrow, Ist Feb-
ruary, 1986. .

(6) Hecise Tax

116. Mr Speaker, Sir, bofore I discuss
tho individual items, lot mo doal with ono
basic point of gonoral policy. So far, exciso
dutics have been levied on the. basis ‘of
specific rates. In circumstances of in-

‘lation, ‘this has tho effoct of doprossing
/fevenité ‘by maling it less responsive to
ithe price Jevel. ‘To rectify this, I am
‘proposing that exciso dutics "should
“be convorted to an ad valorem baso in
‘order to increaso tax elasticity. The only
“excoption’ to this chango will bo the tax:
dn petroleum products which will, for
this yoar, romain as at progont:

3 117. With this chango, I can now discuss
‘the individual items.

SW) Potable Spirits ~ *

118. It is my proposal, Mr Spoaker, Sir,
“that tho tax on potablo spirits should
sremain. unchanged at tho prosont level
“equivalent. to 25.0 per cont of the ox-
‘factory price. However, I propose to
withdraw tho oxisting robate as part of the

neral policy of removing tiis typo of
incentive. .

<(ii), Clear Beer
5. 119. ‘The excise on clear boor is at the
moment oqual to approximately 65.0 por
cont of tho ox-factory price of boor. I
realise, Sir, that in recent yoars this itom
has attracted increases in duty almost
evory year. ‘Time has now como to rerissoss
the situation. I beliove that a slight reduc.
tion in duty is now called for. Agcordingly,
I am proposing that tho duty on beer
should be reduced marginally to 60.0 per
cone or by approximately 2.3 ngwoo por
le.

(iii) Soft Drinks

120. Sir, tax on soft’ drinks such as
coca-cola, ‘fanta and sprite has also boon
subject to regular increasos in recent
years. Like t on beck, it requires
‘a reduction from the present level equi-
valent to 36.0 por cont to 25.0 per cent.
This means that the tax is being reduced
from 17.7 ngweo to 12.6 ngwoe por bottle.

121. Mr Spoakor, Sic, thoro will be no:
change in tho fax on cigarottos. The only
ange is that the prosont tox is’ bei
converted to an ad ehlorem batos =



sales tax on imports reached K20.7 million
compured to an average of KK11.6 million
during the preceding eleven months,

45. Mr Speaker, Sir, the changes wo
havo recently mado in economic policy
cannot be without cost. ‘Tho sharp increase
in. prices of consumer goods has hit all
of us. Yet without theso monsuros, our
oconomy would continto on tho rond of
decline and tho sacrifices we would be
roquired to make lator would bo infinitely
greator than what we aro enduring now.

46, Another policy chango we dealt with
last year rolated to the liberalisation of
interost rates. This rosulted in an im-
mediate -riso in interost rates, with the
commorcial bank lending rate fur tho

Joust, credit-Worthy’ borrower roachitig 30.0":

per cent in 1985. ‘The reasons for allowing
interest rates to reflect the economic
conditions in’ the country are threo.
Firstly, the immediate objective was to
buttross the other measures taken to
‘strengthen tho economy by controlling
sage ate demand ‘in ordor to reduco
inflationary pressures and the balance of
pozments deficit. As the House is awaro,

nding by commercial banks has 8
similar effect on demand as Government
expenditure financed by recourse to the
banking sector.

47. Tho second reason and pethaps one
that is even more important for the long-
term future of our national economy

- wits to improve resource allocation. One
way of doing this is by discournging tho
use of capital intensive methods of pro-
duction which is itself the result of the
low cost of oapital. Therofore, in order to
buttress the other policies to which’ I
have already referred, it is necessary to
allow interest rates to rise.

48. The third reason for allowing.
interest rates to rise is in order to encourage
savings. Time and again this House has
advised against excessive dependence on
foreign loans for the development of our
country. Yet ravings in Tambia have
tended to remain low because the ruling
intorest rates, at well below the rates of
inflation, have discouraged the inclination
to save.

49. The third aroa of policy we have
paid attention to relates to duction in
the agricultural sector. I have alroady
referred to the preponderance of servicosin
the gross domestic product. In ordor to
reduce the porcontage of services in our
gross domestic product, it is necossary that
wo promote rapid growth of production in
other sectors’ of the economy and more
especially in the agricultural sector. The
agricultural sector is important because

59

of its potontial to promote economic
recovery through increasod output, divor-
sification of exports and enhanced food
security.

50. To induce more activity in this
sector, we have taken two" important
steps. First of all, and as the House knows,
we have'incrensod substantially the prices
of all agioultural products. Apart. from
the price of maize, the prices 0! all other
products are base prices. The actual
prices which the farmer gets dopond on
the availability of the product on the
open markots. In the caso of maize
the price continues to be controlled.
However, for this agricultural scason,
the prico has been increased vory aub-
stantially from K28.32 por 90 kg bag
in the previous scason to K55.00 per 90
kg bag. Hopefully, this has encouraged
our farmers to produce’ more especially
in view of tho botter weather conditions

- prevailing this year.

BL. Tho second important ‘step taken
in tho agricultural sector was announced
by His ‘Excellency tho President at. tho
official opening of this Sossion on 17th
January, 1986. This is tho ending of the
National Agricultural Markoting Board
monopoly in tho marketing of maize and
fertilizer. Undor the new system, it will
be possible for Nambonrd, ‘ co-operative
societies and individuals to participate in
the marketing of these commodities.

“Namboard will, howover, remain the

buyer of last resort. Namboard will also
be rosponsible for keoping the national
stock, It is my hope that this. measure
will assist to remove some of the problems
that have affected the marketing of
these commodities in recent years.

PART IV 7
ECONOMIC POLICY IN 1986.

52. Mr Sponker, Sit, having discussed
the performance of the economy in 1
and the ‘measures we took to addreas
the problems, allow me now to discuss"
with the Houso the econornio policy for
1986. As I have already atated, tho basic
probloms facing our economy are scarcity ©
of foroign exchange, lack of adequate
production and largo imbalances in the
Governmont budget. Theso probloms will |
be with us this year and in the noxt fow
years, ‘Tho policy we adopted lust year :
was intended to address theso problems.
For 1986 our basic strategy will be to”
uild on the foundation wo have already:
lnid. In particular, our policy will be
ainied at: :



NAMIBIA

PEACE DAY ENDS IN VIOLENCE, 6 ARRESTED

At Least 3 Injured
Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 27 Jan 86 pp 1, 3
[Article by Jean Sutherland]

[Text]

AT LEAST three people were in-
jured in Katutura yesterday as riot
police used teargas and quirts to

break up an open air festival to nals Wi Oy
celebrate the United Nations Inter- vothers. was auspiayes wt
national Year of Peace. Journalists watching a

While some members of
the police treated jour-

large contingent of police

Police said 56 people,
mainly Swapo members
and supporters, had been
arrested.

The afternoon saw an
ongoing battle between
members of the police and
peopleat the open air venue
as determined crowds con-
tinued to regroup despite
teargas raids and sorties by
baton-wielding police in
camoflauge uniform.

After police fired tear-
gas, hostile onlookers pelt-
ed the police with rocks on
a number of occasions and
defiantly gave the black
power salute,

Those arrested included
Mr Anton Lubowski; the
chairman of — Swapo’s
Windhoek Youth League,
Mr Mbapuea Mavaengua;
and, Ms Ida Jimmy, who
was released at the end of
last year after serving a five

year prison sentence for a
militant speech she made.

A SWA Police liaison

officer, Inspector Kierie du
Rand, said the 56 were ar-
tested under the Prohibi-
‘tion and Notification of
Meetings: Act.

They are expected to ap-
pear in court today.

A lawyer acting for the
56, Mr Hartmut Ruppel,
said he had visited two peo-
ple with head injuries at the
Windhoek and Katutura
police stations yesterday af-
ternoon.

Inspector Du Rand said
he knew of a woman who
had broken her leg when
she jumped from a wall to
escape the teargas.

16

lay into a man with quirts
were told to leave the scene
“or else...’

The photographer of a
focal English weekly was re-
moved by police “because
cameras attract the
crowds”.

About 80 people had

‘started gathering at an

open lot in Katutura for

what was billed as an open
air festival, arranged by the
Swapo Youth League, to
mark the UN year of peace
when the police arrived.

A braaivleis fire was on
the go and people were
singing freedom songs,
while some held placards

* saying ‘International Year

of Peace 1986.

A warning to disperse
was ignored by the crowd
and baton-wielding police
moved in to make their first
arrests.


[1 Feb 86 p 5]

[Excerpt] ;
ON THE KADUNA MAFIA |

‘The best definition of Kaduna
Mafia, I think is the one Shaga
gave to Peter Enahoro in an in-
-terview with Africa Now. Hé said
ithey are educated young men!
who had .worked in the

ic ‘service and have retired
jiving in Kaduna and they :
take it on themselves to promote
the interests of the North. I think
it is something to.that effect. You
can check it in the library.
Precisely it is that. I think the
best definition which js not embo-
dying any mischief. I don't quite
agree with him that they were
just. Kaduna-b:

and
coun So when you talk of!
Kaduna Mafia, you should not
forget there are offshoots of!
iLin Bor or lyaganku in Ibadan
or Independence Layout. in
Enugu or Trans-Amadi Layout in
Port-Harcourt, _

There are pockets of these cere.
of elites that have always ‘in:
fluenced. opinion and influenced
ourse of events at local Jevel and
the centre. 1 have seen Ikenne
Mafia somewhere in the media. It
is all the same thing. i's
just the syndrome of current
elitism thal is no aware of op.
portunities of interacting with
authority for promoting personal
interest towards their achieving
more power, economic
political. This isthe way I see it.
I think some people are creating!
deliberate red herring to divert
altention from their own Mafia to
Kaduna Mafia because it is the
Kaduna Mafia that is a little
more notorious since it is more
appealing to the media. There
are many others that are all part!
and parcel of the phenomenon |
that you called Kaduna Mafia.

1 just quoted Shagari’s defini-
tion as a good ideal to start with.
But I went on to explain that this
phenomenon that is described as’
Kaduna Mafia is something that
has spread all over the country.
An specific reference to the ques-
tion, I have seen the manner.

‘Bovernments are formed. The in?
cumbent goes for those he knows or +
he asks his advisers or party people

to suggest nares of people to him

for forming a new government.

‘Then advisers come in at the last

minute to comment on suitable

candidates etc. before the thing
finally becomes_ public, Any.

human activity that involves

choosing Tew out of so many by

one is bound to be affected by

knowledge of other people

generally. Unless you are saying

Sat they should shun certain

families ‘that have over-trodden

“the path of patronage. Maybe you

are right. Thee is no reason why .
there should be two ministers:
from one family in. a_govern-

“ment, no matter what the ele-

ment of merit is. I agree with

you.

The mafioso are not con-
‘sultants because they don’t throw
service, open to everybody who
wishes to utilize services. They
are people intensely pre-occupied
. with what is going on and trying:
fo influence things sometime, not
for themselvés but sometimes for.

the benefit of all. Principally,
either it is Enugu, Tkenne or
Kaduna, it-is, the same elitist
Phenomenon of experienced,,
educated peoplé trying to in.
fluence events and things around
them. The beneficiaries of this ef-
fort differentiate from
themselves the country, their
community or their family-but it
is the same thing. °

* LIFE STORY

I was born on vanuary 19,1937
at Kaura Namoda_ in’ Sokoto
State. I. started elementary
education at Shinkafi and went to
the Middle School and then the
Barewa College, Zaria. My
mother hails from the ruling
family of Kaura Namoda and my
father came from Borno and
finally Settled in Sokoto State.

I joined the Police in March,
1959 and went through the normal
basic training because the cadet
training Opportunity did not im-
mediately commence for our
class. We started the basic Police
course at Kaduna Police College,
Ikeja as cadet inspectors. We

33

passed through the one year
course and were appointed cadet
sub-inspectors. My first posting
was to Enugu. I went through the
normal 3 months practical at-
tachment in the various sections
.of the provincial ¢ command
in those days-criitie, administra-
and court duties.
Immediately after in-
dependence, I was transferred to
Jos. I started as a provincial
-minesfield officer or rather divi
sional police officer-in-charge of
the minesfield and later back to
‘provincial traffic officer in Jos
land then right through the career
‘until 1974 when 1 left the uniform-
ced section of the police to the
plain-clothes section, the so-
called Special Branch of those
days,

On my leaving the special bran-
ch, I was appointed Deputy Com,
missioner of Police (administra-
ction) at Force Headquarters in
-Lagos. It was from there that 1
was appointed Commissioner for
Internal Affairs in the Murtala
regime. I remained in the Murtala-
Obasanjo Government till 1978
when the government assigned me
to command the police in Oyo

iState, I was in Oyo State when the
election took place and after the
elections, the then president ap-
pointed me Director-General of
the Nigerian Security Organisa+
tion (NSO) which post I heldNill
; early January, 1981 when my
) Pelirement formally took effect.
As Federal Cx minissioner for,
Infternal Affi 1 -alternated”’
with the Commissioner of Exter-
nal Affairs. With regard {8 the
latter, T chairmanned several
Organisation of African Unity
(OAU) | Mediation, Arbitration
and Conciliation Committee.
meetings in Libreville, Gabon, on
“some of Africa's protracted
' disputes such as
Ethiopia/Somali, Chad/Lib: a]
was also the head of the Federal
‘Government Special team who
quietly. handled the preliminary:
tiplomacy that culminated in the
first coming together of the wart:
ing factions in Chad and subse-
«quently the Kano and | 0S Ac-
‘cords on the Chadian crisis.
* Since retirement [have been on



1986 BUDGET SPEECH ANNOUNCES NEW ECONOMIC MEASURES

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 1 Feb 86 pp 3-4, 7

[Text of Speech by Minister of Finance and National Commission for Development

ZAMBIA

Planning Luke Mwananshiku delivered to the National Assembly on 31 Jan 86]

[Text]

MR Speaker, Sir I beg to move that the House do now resolve into committee of

Supply on the Estimates of Expenditure for the Ast Ji
December, 1986, presented to the National ‘Assembly I a

2. Mr Speaker, Sir, I am @ bearer of &
mossage from His Fxcolloncy tho Prosidont

_ recommending favourable” consideration

of tho Motion I now lay on the Table.

3. Mr Speaker, Sir, however one looks
at it, the yoar that has just onded has boon,
a'vory difficult ono. Many of tho problems
we havo oxperioncod in our sconomy in
recont years continued in 1985. Theso
problems ineludo:

—slugaish production in many sectors
Of tho economy owing to shortages
of inputs;

significant. prossuros on prices lead-
ing to a fall in our real incomes;

—balanco of payments probloms; and

—a high rato of unomploymont.

4. Bocauso of thoso problems, it beeamo
necessary for tho Party and its Govern-
mont to take some very fundamental
measuros aimed at croating tho conditions
necessary for rostoring growth to the
economy in the medium term. Thoso
moasuros, by forcing an immodiate adjust-
mont in the oconomy, have proved to bo
vory hard on all of us and moro osposially
on those without: jobs, those in the low
incomo groups and those with fixod
incomes. Despito thaso complications, the
measures wo have taken havo tho ob-
joctives of forcing tho oconomy to live
within its moans and to set the stage for
future growth.

1986 to 31st
in January, 986. .

6. Allow me Mr Spoaker, Sir, to oxplore
with the Houso this afternoon tho condi-
tions which provailod in our economy laat
year and, to outlino tho policies for tho
future as wo continuo to re-adjust our
‘economy in response to the probleins wo
aro utill facing. But bofore Edo that, Jot mo,
as in the past, roviow briefly: the perfor.
manes of tho international economy in

1985.
PARTI

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC
CONDITIONS

6. Mr Speaker, Sir, the growth of output
in tho countries belonging to the Organis-
ation for ‘Keonomic Co-oporation and
Dovolopment (OHGD) slowed down from
6.0 por cont in 1084 to 2.8 por cout in 1985.
Most European countries showod modest,
improvements in tho growth of real gross
domestic product. On tho other hand, tho
United States oconomy, which grow by
nearly 7.0 per cont in 1984, recorded a

owth ‘rate’ df only 2.8 ‘petdent in 1985,

japan. wastheenly, QECD oountry.whigh,.

recorded a' growth rate of 5.0 por cent in
1985." . on

7. Unomploymont in Europe persisted
at levels which wore close to those reached
during the 1981-1983 economic recossion.
{t was only tho United States that,
dospito its low growth roto, succoeded in

53



NO MECHANISM SEEN TO DEAL WITH POLITICAL OBJECTORS

NAMIBIA

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 10 Jan 86 pp 1, 3

[Article by Jim Freeman]

[Text]

/9317

THE ABSENCE of an independent judicial body
to consider applications for national service exemp-
tion for either political or religious reasons is
further fuelling the controversy around the reported
flight from the country of three white Namibians
from prominent families to. escape compulsory

army service.

According to SWATF
spokesman Major Fanie
Krige people applying for
exemption from military
duty for religious reasons
had to submit their motiva-
tions to the registering of-
ficials of the Force.

‘The matter was taken up
from there, he said.

However, this conflicts
with the provisions of the
amended South African
Defence Act—applicable in
Namibia—which provides
for the creation of an in-
dependent board _ for.
religiously-motivated con-
scientious objectors. The
board is chaired by a
Supreme Court judge. *

Major ‘Krige told The
Advertiser that a similar
body had not been con-'
yened in Namibia because
it was felt there was little or
no call for it.

cso: 3400/1111

It was reported in an
English weekly today that
three university ‘graduates,
Mr Hanno Rumpf, Mr
Wilfried’ Brock ‘and Mr
Steve Scholtz had fled the
country because, as
members or supporters of
Swapo,, they were not
prepared to. undergo
military training.

Neither the SADF nor
the SWATF provides for
exemption from national
service on political
grounds.

In this regard, a number
of vital differences exist
between the situation in the
Republic and locally.

South Africa has not
legislated that all blacks
must register for two years

19

conscription to the forces.
In Namibia everyone south,
of the operational area is
liable for service, ,

According to
sources in Windhoek,
hundreds -of blacks . have,
jorossed into neighbouring

countries rather than fight’

for the SWATF since the
conscription of other races.
tinto the ranks of the

jsecurity forces began in. 7

| August 1980. a

An application for” ex-
emption on_,_ political
grounds

that of Swapo member Mr
Eric Binga, was rejected by

the full bench and is on ap-*

Jegal .

heard “in. the ©"
Windhock Supreme Court, |.

peal at the Appellate Divi- °

sion in Bloemfontein.



NATION SAID TO LEAD AFRICA IN UPLIFTING OF WOMEN

Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 18 Jan 86 p 20

[Article by Robin Drew] ,

[Text]

WHEN former guerilla fighter
Mrs ‘Teurai Ropa (Spill Blood)
Nhongo led her country’s dele-
gation to the UN Decade for
Women conference in Nairobi

‘last year, she was able to pro-

claim that Zimbabwe had done
more in the past five years to
uplift the status of women than
any other independent African
country.

Mrs Nhongo, wife of the
army commander, General
Rex Nhongo, is Minister of
Community Development and
Women's Affairs, and is a very
determined lady.

She is the only female mem-
ber of the most powerful body
in the land, the 15-person polit-
buro of the ruling Zanu(PF)
party and she is one of two
women in the Cabinet.

To do her job she has to be
tough, for despite government's
commitment to ending dis-
crimination against women,
she has found that many minis-
tries in the male-dominated so-
ciety in which she operates
have been reluctant to co-
operate.

Mr Mugabe’s government
has shown, however, that it is

86

j prepared to ris)
‘unpopularity in
some quarters
cand has intro-
duced far-reach-
ing pieces of
legislation
which provide
the framework
for change.
Among these
is the law which
extended the 18-
year age of le-
‘gal majority to

_ African women whereas in the

ast they had remained minors
in most cases for all their lives.

“phis was a major break-
through,” said Mrs Julie Stew-
art, law lecturer at the Univer-
sity of Zimbabwe. She
cautioned, however, that the
ramifications of this legislation
would depend to an extent on
how far women were prepared
or wanted to defy the very real
pressures of tradition, custom
and family attitudes.

There was an outcry, for ex-
ample, when a judge ruled that
the new law meant fathers
could not sue for damages if
their 18-year-old daughters

ZIMBABWE


There may net be
preciable | improve
unemployment. situation in the |
year 1986 given that industries |
are to continue fo operate at half. |
Ci iv nd that al
S are to be ei

ubvent

other government agenc

in fact exacerbate the situ

Apparently, the easiest
cutting and -budget-batancing
meas in Nigeria is the retren-
chment of employees,

By far the weakest aspect. of
the 1986 budget is the virtual ab-
sence of any anti-inflationary

* package, In view of the fact that the
maintenance of price stabi
crucial to all economic activities*

us oversight.

moval of petroleum sub-

s_already pushed up
port fares as predicted. In
the course of time this willtrickle
down to production costs, In-.
dustries are already operating

far below capacity resulting in a

shortfall in aggregate supply.

The industries will most certainly

pass all or a substantial portion
of the extra production costs aris- |
ing from the import levy, ard
revised import duties = to con-
sumers, Public enterprises like
NEPA, Railways, NITEL, among
others, are to be allowed to review |
their prices which will definitely
be upwards. The Naira is effec-
tively being devalued, the conse-
quence of which is high prices for

all imports — especially
machinery. spare parts and raw
mater The inflationary

pressure in the coming month:
frightening to imagine. i

The general incomes policy in-
ments for 1986 seem to be
mixed up. There is a multiplic
of taxes to the extent that on
whether the aint is to
r revenue: at all costs: Thi
withstanding. the
still socially inequitable in the
most sel-emplo-ed per
in the categor
firms or compa
xes at all
boon d

rtually pay
method have
the 1986 |
contribute:

ne

very fund
fture of the income fas
Jem should not be a ground for
eral

bes
counter-

have excess liquidity now
because according to them peco-

ple are not coming to borrow:

smoney. This may be a_conse-
-quence of the recession. Bul it is
also due to the fact that interest
rates are very high. The tight
monetary policy of the govern-
ment which it intends to maintain
for the year 1986 is most inap-
propriate. It creates a vicious cy-
cle inimical to any private en-
trepreneural initiative. .

Interest rates must come down |

to encourage commercial banks

to readily take deposits and in- |

dividuals to borrow. The national
economy cannot, for obvious
reasons.+ he effectively
stimulated through monetarist
measures. It has to be directly
pushed to pick up.

‘Transport policy as contained
in the 1986 budget is most faulty.
The government seems to have
clearly given in to the road
transport lobby by putting all em-
phasis on sector. The
orchestrated nation-wide rallies in
he Babangida ad-
by road transport

perhaps, a

tions i:
reciprocal gesture,
One could not talk of mass
transport anywhere in the world
without mentioning the railways.
‘The 1986 budget contains only a
al and passing reference to
s (ransport
Road

in Nigeria is not on-
xpensive but its contract
provides the mo:
lucrative avenue for. official
WF corruption in the coun.
pite of and in

xperience s
wverage Tifespan of a Niger
road is less than five year
would have thought
fion had learned it
would give
the prior

One

the na-
lesson and

railway development

ly it deserves,

The issue of housing seems to

have been overlooked in the
i budget. Rent édicts have failed in
this country. Governments
should not pretend that they can
successfully influence the price
of an item whose supply and to a
certain degree whose demand
they do not control. This is a basic
economic fact. Rent édicts are,
therefore, no more than political
. actions by the government togive
people the feeling that it is con-
cerned and is doing something
‘while in fact it is not.

40

No government can claim to be
improving the living conditions of
its citizens when it neglects hous-
ing. Past failures should not
discourage the working out of
hew housing programmes, If:

‘direct_ government financing ot
housing projects has a high op-
portunity cost, then a subsidised
commercial hank mortgage len-
ding in overdue in the country,
; The rather high sounding
| agricultural programme of the
| government may come to nothing
if the govergment goes ahead
with its sintention to commer-
cialise the procurement and
distribution of farm inputs in-
cluding fertilizer, Likewise if the
government decides not to ge}
directly’ involved in the pricing,
marketing and storage of the
farm products. In either case,
; the small farmer who is (o be the
© centrepiece of (he programme
wil have little incentive to pro-
auce,

The emphasis on food produc-
tion seems to be placed largely
on the cultivation of rice to the

) detriment of indigenous and
like maize,
. yams and
hangover

|
i
i

, . The river ba: are due for a
' total phasing out in view of the
controversy surrounding their
‘oner:.tions, Ti.cir activities can‘

‘infact be more efficiently per-

formed by state-wide ADPAs,
There is every likelihood that the
decision to scrap or not to scrap
some of the river basins will be
purely political,

This writer has at one time
warned on the issue of privatisa-
tion of public enterprises. The na-
tion may end up throwing away"
the baby with the bathwater. No
public enterprise should be total-
ly privatised as this would not on-
‘ly be politically ill-advised but
economically unwise. And
whatever the case it will be irra-
tional and in fact sheer folly for

, the government to sell off it
: holdings in the nation’s commer=
cial banks,

There seems to be much
euphoria over the slight cut in the
nation’s defence expenditure. The
fact still remains that defence’
takes the lion share of the total
budget allocation. It should also
be pointed out that the defence
savings is mainly inthe capitalas
against the recurrent estimates.



NEW MINING HOLDING COMPANY ESTABLISHED

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 31 Jan 86 p 1

[Text]

/9317
cso: 3400/1109

ZAMBIA. Consolidated
Copper Mines (ZCCM)
has formed a holding
“company — Mulungushi

cost-saving measures
aimed at restoring the
company’s financial
stability.

ZCCM will also set up
small-scale enterprises

and agricultural resettle-
“ment schémes to absorb

he _ affected.”
chairman and chief ex-

ecutive Mr Francis
Kaunda said yesterday.

Besides encouraging self-
reliance, the smail-scale
industries would help
ZCCM to get rid of
excess labour and reduce
costs.

81

The smail-scale

would include mining of

certain deposits wi
would be uneconomical if
undertaken by a big
company such as ZCCM.

Mr Kaunda gave an
example of Kabwe which
had rich ore deposits that
could be mined on a
small-scale basis because
ZCCM would not profit
if it mined the metal
itself.

Explaining the gravity of
the situation, Mr Kaanda
said ZCCM indebtedness
had soared to a stagger-
Ing K1.8 billion since the
foreign exchange auc-
tioning system = was
introduced.

Loans and other debts had
shot uv because the
“‘forex’’ auctioning
amounted to “‘massive
devaluation’’ of - the
Zambian currency, he
said.

It was a fallacy that ZCCM
was literally swimming in
Kwacha as a result of

clated
had shot up.

ZAMBIA



these two factors means that Zambia cannot easily compete in the international
market place. The best way of encouraging non-mineral exports is by adopting
an exchange rate policy which not only makes us competitive but also rewards
the exporter adequately to Kwacha terms.

40. The new exchange rate system is also intended to deal with the problem
of excessive dependence on import especially in the manufacturing sector.
Most of our industries were set up on the basis that they would be able to
import inputs from outside. The question of utilising our own raw materials
did not arise. The reason for this was that it was easier and cheaper to
import raw materials from outside than to develop them from local sources.
During the period when we had a lot of foreign exchange this situation did
not perhaps matter very much. Now it does. In the absence of adequate
foreign exchange for importing raw materials, industries have been affected
a great deal and this has forced them to lay off a lot of labour.

41. If this trend has to be reversed, it is important that industries should,
as much as possible, use the raw materials which are available in Zambia

and which have remained unutilised for so long. This is the most effective
way of cutting down on foreign exchange utilisation and ensuring that ‘labour
is retained in employment. :

42, ‘The third reason for the introduction of the new exchange rate system
had to do with the utilisation of appropriate technology in the economy.
Where labour is abundant--as is the case in Zambia today--it is absolutely
important that it should be utilised to the greatest extent possible.

Yet the tendency in the past has been for industries to use maximum capital
and minimum labour. Such utilisation of resources does not reflect the
availability of factors in the economy. Since labour is what we have in
abundance, that is what we should employ abundantly. Capital, on the other
hand, is scarce and we should use it sparingly. By changing the relative
cost of labour and capital in favour of labour, the auction system will assist
to ensure the creation of more employment opportunities in the country.

43. Mr Speaker, Sir, I referred carlior
to the for us to export in order to
make up for the loss of foroign income as
& result of the fall in both real copper
prices and production. It is, therefore,
necessary that we eam more foreign
exchange from non-mineral exports. But
even more important than merely earning
foreign exchange is the need to ensure
that all foreign exchange users have an
equal opportunity of access to the scarce
national resources available. This is parti-
cularly important where scarcity is serious
and continuing. The previous system of
allocating foreign exchange was only good
when we had enough resources to meet
all our national requirements. Now that
this is not possible, it is necessary that a
new system is devised to give everyone
an equal chance. ‘The suction system is
such a mechanism,

44. Since we introduced the new system
and the accompanying measure to remove

© Jmport licensing controls, thore is already

some evidence that the new system 18
beginning to achieve its objectives. Firstly,
confidence in our economy is returning
and a,number of investors ate already
making inquiries about invostment oppor-
tunities in our country. Secondly, evidence
is emorging that tho prices of somo goods
‘are beginning to decline now that tho busi-
'ness soctor is able to import thoir requiro-
ments without having to go through
middlemen. Moreover, with imports now
being paid for promptly, tho charges which
used to be included tn the prices have beon
discontinued. ‘Thirdly, the volumo of rov-
enuo is starting to benofit from tho

_ changes. Last Decembor afone, the amount

of revenue collected in oustoins duty. ancl



STATE TAKES MEASURES TO FIGHT ILLEGAL MINING

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 10 Feb 86 p 7.

[Text] THE Mines Development Department in the Mini-
stry of Mines is to be strengthened this year to
effectively tackle illegal: mining of precious and
semi-precious stones in which the State is losing
about 52 million US dollars a year.

Priority will go towards monitoring production of
the stones to control illegal mining.

This is contained in the
Economic Review and An-
nual Plan 1986 released
by the National Commi-.
ssion for Development
Planning.

Zambia has been losing
a lot of maney through ille-
gal exports of minerals
such as emeralds and ame-
thyst because the depart-
ment has not been able to
monitor and control all
mining operations due to
critical personnel and fi-
nancial constraints.

The review also says
the Mines Development
Department was expected
to raise about K3 million
in foreign exchange throu-
gh the sale of precious and
semi-precious stones last
year as compared to K1.2
million earned in 1984.

The department hopes to

taise more money this
year following the issue
of more mining licences
last year.

A total of 19 mining
licences for emeralds
were issued early last
year and an additional 20

licences were expected
to be issued in the Lu-
ndazi by the end of last
year.

‘The review also says
that the Mines Develop-
ment Department last year
cartied out a survey for
gold, bismuth, and tung-
sten in Chinyunyu in Ce-
ntral Province. The report
does not give the results
of the survey.

And an intensive survey
of decorative stones sho-
wed markable occurrances
within a 50 km radium
around Lusaka.

The area have small de-
posits of good
quality white, pink and ba-
nded grey marbles.

The review also says
that the Prescribed Mine-.
rals and Materials Commi-
ssion was unable to mo-
nitor uranium explora-
tion due to lack of adequa-
te professional staff and
transport.

The international firms
involved in uranium ex-
ploration are Agip SPA
of Italy, Power Reactor
and Nuclear Fuel Deyelo-
pment Corporation (PNC)
of Japan and Saarberg
Interplan of West Germa-
ny.

82

ZAMBIA


/12828
CSO:

3400/1147

“The person at the other end
of the line seemed ren aping.
Then he asked me where I had
gained my experience.”

Mr R had previously worked ©
at a business which dealt maia-
ly in the coloured market.

“When I told him, he went
quiet. Then — this was at 9.30

: on a Monday morning after the

advert had appeard for the
first time — he said that he al-
ready had two days’ worth of
applicants lined up. He said he
might be able to fit me in after
that, but he couldn’t promise

anything.”

117



SOUTH AFRICA

ADVERTISERS FIGHT AGAINST APARTHEID STEROTYPES
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 18 Feb 86 p 13

[Article by Kashvina Jaga]

[Text] Advertising companies are aware that unless they drift away from
apartheid sterotypes and market products for blacks and whites they appear
to be propping up the system, says a black communications consultant, Mr
Mtutuzeli Matshoba.

Mr Matshoba has been employed with an advertising company for the last six

years. He is also the author of two books, "Call me not a Man" and "Seeds
of War"--a banned book.

In an interview, Mr Matshoba spoke about the black advertising market in
this country.

"I do experience guilt about reinforcing the system, by being involved in
planning adverstisements aimed solely at the black market," he said.

At the same time, there are definite cultural differences between race
groups which must be acknowledged when formulating advertisements.

He argued that although one had to be sensitive to these cultural trends,
advertising could be geared towards one market only.

“Adversiting can be an important vehicle to bridge the gaps between different
race groups."

He said by catering for a black and a white market, companies also spent
extra time and finance.

Speaking about the black community's attitude, Mr Matshoba said companies
were aware of the distrust in the community towards black advertisements.

They appeared "patronising" and far from the reality to most blacks, often
depicting an upper middle class lifestyle.

When blacks compared advertisements selling the same product, on a white
TV channel to a black channel, they felt they were being sold “an inferior

product."

120



VITAL CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES RATSED IN SUPREME COURT

NAMIBIA

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 29 Jan 86 p 3

[Article by Jean Sutherland]

[Text]

VITAL CONSTITUTIONAL issues related to
the rights of detainees held under security
legislation, the powers of the Transitional
Government and the Bill of Fundamental
Rights were raised in the Windhoek Supreme

Court yesterday.

They arose in an impor-
tant test case in which it is
alleged that detention
without trial conflicts with
the government's Bill of
Rights.

Mr- John Akweenda of
Onipa brought an urgent
application asking the
court to order the Cabinet
and the head of thé Securi-
ty Police to give reasons
why four AG 9 detainees
should not be released and
why they could not be given
access to lawyers.

The Cabinet is opposing
the application and in
papers before the court, SP
head Brigadier Thomas
Thomasse alleges that one
of the detainees was amem-
ber of a cell “actively in-
volved in deeds of ter-
rorism”. .

MANDELA
In a day of eloquent ar-
gument, the findings of
eminent African, South

African and Western jurists
were drawn on, the ap-
proach of slave emancipa-
tor William Wilberfore
referred to and the case of
Nelson Mandela’s prison
rights quoted.

Mr Ian Farlam, SC,

counsel for the detainees,

submitted that AG 9 was
directly contrary to Article
2of the Bill of Rights which
provides that no-one
should be detained for an
indefinite period without
trial.

“Thus it must follow that
AG 9 is unconstitutional,’
he said, maintaining that it
could only continue subject
to Proclamation R101,
which empowers the Tran-
sitional Government and
entrenches the Bill of
Rights.

“It must be stressed that
R101 is not an ordinary
constitution. It has to bein-

27

terpreted purposively as a
constitution which pur-
ports to give rights — they
are a fundamental part of
the law”

BETRAY
Mr Farlam said provi-
sions for the continuation
of existing laws could not
be construed as constitut-
ing an inroad or exception

* to this.

If there was hidden away
in the constitution “some-
where between the
lines ... some unexpressed
limitation of so powerful a
character as to effectively
undermine and destroy the
Bill of Rights... then it
doesn’t mean what it pur-
ports to say.”

People’s hopes had been
raised by the entrenchment
of a Bill of Rights and they
would be betrayed if it
could be construed in a way



BOTSWANA

FINANCE MINISTER GIVES BUDGET SPEECH
MB180849 Gaborone Domestic Service in English 1255 GMT 17 Feb 86

[Budget Speech by Botswana Minister of Finance and Economic Development Peter
Mmusi delivered in the National Assembly in Gaborone--live]

[Excerpts] Mr Speaker, for 1984-85 fiscal year total revenues were 803 million
pula, of which 40 million were grants. This is some 57 million higher than
the estimate I reported last year, which were themselves greater than the
original appropriation. The second underestimation was caused in the main by
higher-than-anticipated profits from the Bank of Botswana. Overall expenditure
was 615 million, comprising 342 million pula for the recurrent pudget, 210
million pula for development expenditure, net on lendings [as heard] of 6
million, and 2.4 million pula for the productive employment development fund.
These final figures do not differ significantly from the estimates that I re-
ported last year. Thus, the overall surplus for 1984-85 was 188 million pula.
The main effect of this was to increase government cash balances.

Mr Speaker, turning now to the revised estimates for 1985-85, total expenditures
are now expected to reach 773 million pula. This is 51 million pula higher than
the original budget. Twenty million pula of the additional expenditure is
accounted for by increased development expenditure. The increase in expendi-
ture has been more than matched by higher-than-anticipated revenues. These

are now estimated at 242 million pula. However, from what I have already said,
it should be clear that this is largely due to movements in the exchange rates
rather than any firm improvement in the diamond market.

Mr Speaker, we cannot rule out a substantial reduction in revenue in the .
future. With this in mind, I turn now to the budget proposals for 1986-87.

His excellency the president appointed a salaries review commission last year
to review the salaries of public service as a whole, including the police, the
Botswana Defense Force, the United Local Government Service, the Unified Teach-
ing Service, Tribal Administration, and the Industrial (?class).

The commission started its work on 25 August 1985 and submitted its report on
18 December. After careful consideration of its recommendations, the govern-
ment accepted salaries wages increases, inclusive of annual increments of a

minimum range from 20, for the bottom grade, and 15 percent for other grades,



IMPORTERS MAY BE REQUIRED TO USE NATIONAL CARRIERS

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 31 Jan 86 p 1

{Article by Jonathan Emereole]

[Text]

/12828
CSO:

THE Federal Government is
now considering a new policy
which, if adopted, will compel
all importers of -goods into’:
Nigeria to make -use of the.
Nigeria National Shipping
Line’s (NNSL) -vessels, the
DAILY STAR has learnt.

The government may even
require such importers to
indicate, in their - import
licences, that the NNSL would |
haul their cargo into the |
country, if that would be, the
only way to make the new |
policy work.

These facts were made
known to the DAILY STAR
last weekend by the minister of
transport’ and _ aviation,
Brigadier Jerry Useni.

Brigadier Useni said
government would be adopting |
this measure to save the NNSL *
from imminent __ collapse:
resulting from . lack of
patronage by both local and
foreign importers.

‘The minister told the DAILY
STAR that the 20 ships now in
the fleet of NNSL were running
cour coastal waters almost,
empty, always.

He attributed this to the
attitude of Nigerian importers
whom he alleged, preferred
foreign and private vessels to ,
‘those of the NNSL.

The minister confessed that

3400/1128

the situation was bad enough,
He assured the DAILY STAR
that the federal government
was carefully studying the
problem, with.” a view to
‘coming out with the new
policy, in due course,

Answering questions on
marine transportation
generally, Brigadier Useni
observed that “our seaports are
under-utilised”.

He regretted that the newest
seaports—Tin Can Island,
Calabar, Warri etc., were not

. fed by railways as was the case

with Apapa and Port Harcourt
ports.

This, he maintained, had
created the problem of haulage
of goods from the new ports to
the hinterlands, since it had to
be done by road.

On rural transportation, the
minister conceded that there
was need to link the rural-areas
with the cities, through the
building of access roads. The
building of such roads in rural
areas, would facilitate rural-
urban interaction and enable
farmers take their products to
the cities for sale, he pointed
out.

The, transport and aviation
minister emphasised that it was
in realisation of the need to
develop rural areas that the
president, Major-General
Ibrahim Babangida, created
the department of rural
development in his office
recently, . - .

NIGERIA


Conditions
Ptosnnneteeeelid

Mr Nthune conceded tha
SATUCC was trying to weld into ai
effective organisation a variety of,
trade union movements in countries.
which had a disparate —- and often!
unsympathetic — attitude to trade
unionism.

“But we will try to create a)
movement that will bring better:
living and working conditions for;
the workers of the region. That is'
our first priority.

“We are-not worried about a
country’s political norms or
systems, as long ws there is an
effective functioning relationship
between trade unionists and
employers, whether the employers
are private or government.”

Asked about South Africa, Mr,

Nthune replied: “South Africa is
important and we have a
programme of action aimed at
supporting the black workers of

South Africa ... but you must
understand that until South Africa
can become a member of SADCC,
our involvement in the country
must be peripheral.

“Our maii commitment is to the
workers in oir member countries.”

Asked abcut sources of finance,
Mr Nthune said SATUCC would
take aid fron “whoever gives us
money, white black, red or pink” as
long as no stsings were attached to
the aid. °

SATUCC’s ‘programme of action
on South Afriza” was adopted at a
“consultativt meeting on South
Africa and Namibia” earlier this
year.

The programme is largely
rhetorical contemning this and de-
manding that. —

However it ircludes:

@ A commitmert on SATUCC’s part
to pursue ‘“‘sorio-economic and
political action” until South Africa
is “completely lilerated”.

Cso: 3400/1156

Assistance
emcee

@ A call to the SADCC governments
to continue providing “flexible
conditions and maerial assistancé”
to the South Africa and Namibian
“liberation movemats”.

@A commitment to establish a
“solidarity fund’'to aid South
African and Namibian trade unions,
@A call on SADC¢ countries to
discriminate agains goods which
come from Sotth Africa
“unnecessarily”.

SATUCC also dedded at the
conference to call ot all SADCC
countries to attempt :o provide a
long-term solution to he problems
involving migrant labur to South
Africa, together with i short-term
programme aimed at aiding
migrant workers in th event that
they are expelled fiom South
Africa. : .

The organisation alsi called on
SADCC countries whic! provided
South Africa with migrai labour to
provide protective legslation to
safeguard their workers rom occu-
pational hazards in South Africa.



NIGERIA

OIC MEMBERSHIP PROBE

Government Forms Panel

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 29 Jan 86 p 1

[Text]. A panel to examine the implications of Nigeria's full membership of
the Organisation of Islamic Conference (OIC), has been set up by the Federal
Government. Minister of Information, Lt.-Col. Anthony Ukpo, said in Lagos
yesterday that the setting up of the panel followed representations to govern-
ment from the leadership and concerned members of.all sides of the religious
spectrum, especially from the Christian and Muslim communities.

Members of the panel were drawn from the government, Christian and the Muslim
communities.

The chairman of the panel is the Minister of Internal Affairs, Lt.-Colonel
John Shagaya.

The names of the members of the panel have not been made known.

Inaugural meeting of the panel to take place in Abuja next Monday would be
addressed by President Ibrahim Babangida.

Moslem Body Opposes Panel

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 31 Jan 86 p 12

[Text] The setting up of a panel on Nigerian membership in the Organisation
of Islamic Conference (OIC) is a direct slap on the face of Nigerian Moslems
who constitute the majority in this country.

A statement by the Organisation of Muslim Unity (OMU) argued that such a
stand by the government shows that the fundamental rights of Moslems can no
more be guaranteed except the Nigerian Christians consent to such rights.

The organisation said that the destiny of Moslems should not be determined

by Christians while the progress of Islam and Nigerian Moslems should not
be tied to the aprons of. the Christians.

36



Cape Town isn’t the only cul-

rit either, he says. “Bel ville
has only one municipal cara-
van park — Hardekraaltjie —
which is for whites only.

“we are ratepayers. Our *

funds are being used to subsi-
dise these amenities. Yet we
can’t use them.”

But sometimes apartheid
causes unusual twists. “Once
we complained about condi-
tions at Sonesta (near Haw-
ston), which is controlled b
the Provincial Administration,”
says Mr Benjamin.

“The supervisor told us he *

couldn't inspect the place
cause It’s for coloureds only.

“and he was white.”

Just Be Careful Where You Swim

116

WHITES ONLY
NET BLANKES

This job
is for
Whites

only —

“THIS interesting and var-
ied position in a friendly en-
vironment would suit a ma-
ture European lady ...”

“Regret whites only.”

“Large financial institution
wants to employ a European
lady...”

Many employers in this sup-
posedly enlightened part of the
country still seem to find that
degrees, diplomas, certificates
and experience are riot enough.

But don't be misled by ad-
vertisements which appear to
be free of race restrietlons.

Take the experience of a
Cape Town man, Mr R (he
asked not to be named) with a
degree and some years’ exper!-
ence at his job.

wuiTes ONLY
NET BLANKES

“Two weeks ago a fairly
large concern offered two jobs
— one senior, one junior,” he
said. “As soon as I saw their
advertisement I called up
about the job.

“{ thought I fitted the bill for
the junior position, but I was
told that in fact I would fit into
the senior position.


CAPE TIMES REPORTER BARRED FROM KAOKOLAND

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 27 Jan 86 p 1

[Text] te

A CAPE TIMES reporter on a free-lance as-
signment for The Advertiser, Mr Tony Weaver,
and a photographer, Ms Elizabeth Fish, have
been refused ‘permits by the police to enter
Kaokoland to cover the trial of a senior nature
conservator on poaching charges.

Colonel Hetinie Oden-
daal, the officer in, charge
of issuing permits, con-
firmed on Friday that an
application by the’ two
journalists had been re-
fused)
Hesaid the policedid not
have to provide reasons for
the refusal and if Mr
Weaver and Ms Fish were
not happy with the decision
they should reapply to the
Commissioner of Police,
Lieutenant-General Dolf
Gouws.

Kaokoland is one of the
designated security dis-
tricts for which a police
permit is required under
legislation introduced early
last year.

Mr Weaver, a fornier
Windhoek bureau chief for
South African Associated
Newspapers, and Miss Fish
had planned to attend the
trial on poaching charges

19317
cso: 3400/1109

of senior nature conserva-
tor, Mr H Pascal-Van Al-
phen, at Opuwa this
Thursday. .

Mr Weaver was to cover
the’ trial for “The ‘Cape
Times, The E P Herald,
The Windhoek Advertiser,
and African Wildlife
magazine

Mr Weaver said he and
Miss Fish applied for a per-
mit to Inspector Ben Lange
at the Windhoek Police
Station last Wednesday.

It was agreed the two
journalists would travel to
Khorixas to where Inspec-
tor Lange would radio the
result of the application.

“The result was that it
was refused and no reas-
sons were given,’ Mr
Weaver told The Advertiser
from Khorixas on Friday.

“I ‘cannot understand
why they refused us. We
were simply going to cover
a court case. It is in the in-
terests of nature conserva-
tion to have this case co-
vered by the press and there
isa large amount of nation-
al and international in-
terest?”

Mr Weaver said he had
intended speaking to local
headmen as part of an in-
vestigation into poachirig
in the area.

The International Union
for the Conservation of
Nature (IUCN) __ has
declared the —desert-
dwelling elephants and
black rhino of Damaraland
and Kaokoland a conserva-
tion priority and poaching
is one of the main threats to
the animals.

as”

NAMIBIA

Mr Weaver is the second
journalist. known’ to” have
been refused a: permit to
enter a security district.

Early last year, Ms Gwen
Lister, now editor of The
Namibian newspaper was
refused a twelve-month
permit to visit various secu-
rity districts.

When the security dis-
tricts legislation was _an-
nounced, Lt-Genl Gouws}
said the aim of the new law
was the safety of the gener-
al public in the designated
areas, .

* He was reported as say-
ing that the press would be
accommodated and “we do
not want to put any stum-
bling blocks in the way of

>»

e press”



Mr Carter stated that the external orders should also tell people in the
country something important--"to look more closely at our local products
now being wholly endorsed by clothing experts abroad."

Also welcoming the orders, the general manager of Press and Shire Clothing
Limited, Mr Sujit Dutta, said it was pleasing to note that the 'made in
Malawi' products to grace the international market are exclusively designed,
made and supervised by trained Malawian personnel.

/9317
CSO: 3400/1107

10



Bishop Tutu Praised for Leadership
(Percy Qoboza, CITY PRESS, 2 Feb 86) wseevessceercereneees

Unofficial Opposition Taking Struggle to Streets
(CITY PRESS, 9 Feb 86) .eeseeecevee ereceeecersccscenecees

Soweto Crisis Committee Seen as Effective Vehicle for Negotiation
(Maud Montanyane; THE STAR, 13 Feb 86) .sseeeseveeeeeeeeee

Blacks Prefer English as Language of Instruction
(THE CITIZEN, 18 Feb 86) .sseececevcccccrecersereteoresees

Traditions, Poverty, Environment Seen as Hampering Black Education
(THE CITIZEN, 18 Feb 86) ..cceseeeseccecceceesccceeereseee

Professor: Deprivation in Homes Root of Black School Crisis
(Sun Leeman; THE STAR, 18 Feb 86) ....+ee 2 seceeeereerere

Language Problems Threaten In-Service Training for Blacks
(THE CITIZEN, 19 Feb 86) .sceescceeececececreecereereveces

Ciskei Squatters Describe Rampant Corruption in Homeland
(Ken Vernon; THE WEEKEND ARGUS, 1 Feb 86) .ssseeeeeseeeees

Sibongile Residents Enter 10th Month of Rent Boycott
(Sibusiso Mngadi; CITY PRESS, 2 Feb 86) ..seeveeeceeeecees

Giant Trade Union Federation To Be Formed Soon
(SOWETAN, 5 Feb 86) cescecccsececcrercrcsrererssrerceseces

Briefs
-No Blacks Volunteered in SADF
Black Public Servants Form Union

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Reporter Sees Transformation of Apartheid, Not Disappearance
(Anthony Doman; THE ARGUS, 11 Feb 86) ..seecsseeseceereere

ANC's Commitment to Ideology May Favor PAC in Power Struggle
(Michael Hartnack; CAPE TIMES, 13 Feb 86) .....-

Advertisers Fight Against Apartheid Stereotype
(Kashvina Jaga; THE STAR, 18 Feb 86) ....+..ee-

ECONOMIC

U.S. Bid To Halt Mines Merger Fails
(Tony Stirling; THE CITIZEN, 12 Feb 86) ...seseeseeeeeeres

97

99

101

102

103

104

106

108

109

110

lll

11L

112

118

120

122



[3 Jan 86 p 2]

[Article by Fred Stiglinch]

[Text] Growth areas in high-tech are easy to recognise: they are the ones
in which major manufacturers are involved.

Siemens worldwide has adopted the basic approach to define the major growth
areas, They are:

The mega-bit project, as part of the semi-conductor industry. This involves
production of highly integrated memory chips, aiming at 4-million bits on

one chip;

Communication, including private automatic branch exchange (PABX), which grew
into office communication and‘automation equipment end data processing;

Public networks: a communication infrastructure for a country, operating with
voice, image, text and data, and ces

Factory automation.

Most of the company's research and development (R&D) budget goes into these
areas. \

In the last three areas, Siemens is locally involved in marketing and design
activities.

The company is also doing software development for digital exchange layout
in SA.

"Growth in an area such as PABX is dependent on the overall economy," says

Siemens joint MD Dietrich Botsch.

Bad times, he says, are good for growth in automation equipment, as it is a
facility with which a client can streamline his operation in a recession.

“The same goes for factory automation," he says.

Altech group executive, technology, David Jacobson, says his company resembles
a microcosm of SA industry.

It is obvious that there is growth and development opportunities in all its
areas,

Electrical engineering, transformers, switchgear, cables, batteries, lighting,
protection equipment for transmission lines and systems, and process control
fall under Powertech. .

Altech is responsible for telecommunications--pulse-code modulation systems,
multiplexers, digital communication, switching and digital exchange systems,
as well as PABX, integrated circuits, electronic components and professional

electronic systems.

128



SOUTH AFRICA

LANGUAGE PROBLEMS THREATEN IN-SERVICE TRAINING FOR BLACKS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Feb 86 p 13

[Text]

THE State and industrial-
ists were warned yester-
day that their ambitious
in-service training pro-
grammes for Blacks were
largely doomed to failure
— unless accompanied by
language teaching pro-
grammes.

At the same time, some
of the country’s top edu- |
cationists — Black and ©
White — pinpointed as a
problem resistance
among Black children to
learning English or Afri-
kaans because of politics.

Mrs C M Webb of the
Soweto College of Educa-
tion told a specialist con-
ference on language in
Black education in Pre-
toria that similar resist-
ance was scen among
Blacks to Christianity —
languages and Christiani-
ty being seen as those of
“the oppressor”.

However, speakers at
the conference agreed
that the role of the so-

called “White languages,-.

English particularly,
would continue to be vital
to the education and de-
velopment of the Blacks.

Mrs S C Janse van

Rensburg of the Depart-

ment of Bantu languages
at Potchefstroom Univer-
sity warned that pidgin
English could become the
social norm.

Mr Janse van Rensburg
said that many in-service
training programmes had
been undertaken by the
private sector and most
had been “disastrous” be-
cause of communicative
incompetence and illitera-
cy of Blacks in the official
languages.

“All in-service training
programmes directly con-
cerned with upgrading
professional skills qualify
for concessions.

“But language teaching
programmes do not be-
cause they are not re-
garded as job orien-

+ tated,” he said.

Commerce and indus-
try did not provide lan-
guage training because of
the high cost involved and
because it would be
money wasted on migrant
workers.

“This means that a pu-
pil who cannot communi-
cate in English before en-
tering industry will never
acquire proper English.”

With the present con-
stitutional changes and
the easing of job reserva-
tion, the Blacks were be-
coming not only a politi-
cal but also a social force
to be reckoned with.

Being in the majority
and because their com-
munication medium was
mainly English they
would dictate the quality
of English.

106

In any case, Black stu-
dents were sceptical
about the standard of
South African English
and regarded American
English as the “proper”
English, he said.

It was impossible for a
language to remain unaf-
fected ina develoning

country so it was. on the

cards that the language of
the majority Blacks, par-

ticularly the language o:

industry, would be a form

of pidgin English.
However, said Mr

Janse van Rensburg, sur-

veys showed that literacy

among Blacks was meas-
ured by ability to speak

English and that English

as a medium of instruc-

tion was preferred. °

Among problems cited
by Mrs Webb was the fact.
that two official second
languages had to be learnt
early which confused
many children.

Mrs Webb added: Most
of our students are singu-
larly gifted, linguistically,
and have a particularly
sensitive ear. They have
achieved more, linguisti-
cally, than many of us
who’ have gathered here
to bewail and discuss their
language problem.


College. ‘Thess do hot gonorally prosoné
major problems. What ‘they need is an
increase in allocation so that these institu-
tions and especially tho University can
continue to operate efficiently. Tho part
of the item that is creating increased con-
‘corn is that which consists largely of our

subscriptions and contributions to inter-
national organisations. The amount, which
is paid invariably in foroign exchange, is
increasing and is putting additional pres-
gures on our reduced foreign resources.

98. Pensions and gratuitios havo re-
mained relatively small and their impact
on the budget is limited. ‘

99. ‘The resources available to support
the expenditure figures I have tefotred’ tix
amount. to K3,472.2 million ‘and are
broken down as follows:

+ Bpiillion:
Income Tax ae 525.1
Customs, Excise and Sales

Tax. ev | 10048
Mineral Export Tax 750.0
Capital grants .. «+ 499.2

er receipts... + 93.1
ToTaL .. . Ka4722 ,
—_—_——

100. As will be seon, » very large
of K1,788.8 million remains. ‘This gap wil
be covered by local and external resources.
Local borrowing will bo,in two parts.
‘Tho first part will consist of non-bank
borrowing. Tho estimato for this is K70.0
million. The second part will consist of
banking soctor borrowing. As, 1 have
already explained, this will be limited to
K100.0 million.

101. External resources will amount to
K1,618.8 million. All this money is cither
alroady committed to on-going projects’
and programmes or consists of goneral
support to Zambia. +i
102. As I havo already reported to the’
House, revenue from income tax last year
was in excoss of the budget targot. T am’
now hoping that with the gradual improve-
mont in foreign exchango availability and
production in the economy, wo can increase
our 1986 receipts even further. To this,
ond, I have made provision in the ox-°
ponditnre estimates for the Income Tax
artmont to have moro transport. The
roblom of ataff and housing is also being
looked into separately. :

103. The Department of Customs and
Excise also expecta to increase its revenue
rooeipts in 1986 aa it did in 1985. Again, T
want to assist the Department with moro;
transport. Tam also trying to resolve some §
of thoir other problems. With more’

65

imports gradually ooming in, Io om,
voufident that the Department will again
win the day. .
.
104. Mr Speaker, Sir, tho taxation of
the mining industry has oontinued to-
ose problems. On the one hand, the
Fguidity of ZCCM has improved greatly
with the depreciation of the Kwacha.
On the othor hand, however, I have to
take into account the facts that some of
ZCOM's obligatior's abroad have also.
jncreased and that the oompany is
engaged in. én important exercise of
rehabilitation. Balancing these facts to-
, I have come to the oonclusiqn,
t the current rate of mineral export
tax at 13 per cent should continue at jonat
for the moment even though the law
allows me to raise the rate to 20 por cant,
In the meantime, I am studying the whole
question of the taxation of the mining
industry. When this review, is over, the
tax level will be re-examined.

105. Other sources of revenue will be
followed up with vigour so that all that
must come in, actually does 80.

REVENUE MEASURES ©

306, Mr - Speaker, — Sir, dociding
new revenue measures in a contracting
economy is not easy at any time. It has
been particularly difficult this year. The
Party and its Government have been
very oonacious of the fact that the
moastirea we have recently taken to
‘address some of the problems of our
economy have inovitably involved 8
reduction i1 real incomes. This moans
that in designing the tax measures of this
year I havo had to bear this consideration
jn mind and give tho tax payer some relief
within the’ confines of the posdbilities
available to me.

107. Nevertheless, with —_inoreased
‘expenditures, it is necessary to adjust
upwards taxes in order to cover.
the gap in the budget. "

(a) Customs Duty ©

108, Mr Speaker, Sir, under this item
Tam proposing only throe changes relating
‘to penalties for the late payment of duty,
the minimum rate of duty and the duty
‘on motor vehicles.

(i) Penalty for Late Payment of Duty

109. Mr Speaker, Sir, at the moment
the penalty for fate payment of duty is
only 6.0 per cont of the tax due. Sinco
the penalty has’ been relatively small,
it has not given adequate encouragement



CONSTITUTION TERMED DEVIATION FROM UN RESOLUTION 435
Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 14 Jan 86 p 3

[Article by Jean Sutherland] |

[Text]

THE CONTROVERSIAL Constitutional
Council of the Transitional Government be-
gan meeting in Windhoek yesterday to draft a
constitution for the Territory based largely on
the an 1981 amendment to UN Resolution 435.

Since his appointment as
chairman. of the council,
Mr Justice ‘Victor’ Hiem-
stra, has repeatedly émpha-
sized that the -councit
would use the Western Five
Contact Group's constitu- .
tional - principles as a!
guideline.

In practice, ‘what does
this entail?

The Western peace plan
for Namibia, - originally
presented to South Africa, ;
the Namibian parties and
various African states in

the last week of October’

1981, is contained in a
document entitled “Princi-
ples Concerning the Con-
stituent Assembly and the
Constitution for an In-
dependent Namibia’.

DEVIATION
FROM 435

‘To the extent that the :

“Principles’ provide for a
constitution to be drawn up"
before elections, . they

represent a major modifi-
cation of UN Security
Council Resolution 435.
In terms of 435, UN-
supervised elections should
preceed the creation ofa
Constituent Assembly to
draw up a constitution for
an independent Namibial a
procedure roundly rejected
by South Africa at the
Geneva. Conference in
January 1981 as under a
: “winnier-takes-all’ arrange-
ment, the party winning the
elections would be able to
i imposeits own constitution
no matter how unpopular it
might be with South
Africa.

While South Africa has

‘apparently modelled the

Constitutional Council on
the Constituent Assembly,
there is a key difference.

20

Section A of the Western
Five’s proposals provides
for aConstituent Assembly
which “should be elected ...
to ensure fair representa-

tion in that body to differ-
ent . political - groups
representing the people of
Namibia’. tuts

THE PRINCIPLES

It provides that the Con-
stituent Assembly will for-
mulate the constitution in
accordance with the fol-
lowing principles:

1, Namibia will be a UNI-
TARY, sovereign” and
democratic state.
2. The constitution will be
the SUPREME LAW of the
state. It may be amended
only by a designated
process of either the legisla-
ture or the votes cast in a:

“NAMIBIA


In addition, there is an allocation of 13 million pula for water related
activities such as (TGLP) [expansion unknown] groundwater surveys and ground-
water résources monitoring and recharging (?as such).

The ‘rest of the allocation will meet the requirements of the ministry's head-
quarters and departments of mines, electricity, engineering and geological

surveys.

Secondary education continues to dominate the development programs of the .
Ministry of Education which will receive 40.8 million pula or 12 percent of
the total appropriation. More than half of this is to be spent on the con-
struction of junior secondary schools and the renovation and improvement of
exist ing facilities.

The University of Botswana has been allocated 6 ‘million to cover a major
development over the coming year which include a double storey office block,
lecture theater and seminar and tutorial rooms to cater of the increased
student numbers and a major computerization program.

The remaining 11.9 million of the ministry's allocation is divided between
the departments of technical education, nonformal education, curriculum
development and evaluation, and teacher education.

The allocation of the Ministry of Agriculture is 32.1 million, almost double
that of the current financial year. Some 65 percent is accounted for by a
series of major projects which it is hoped will both increase farming output
and provide additional employment opportunities for our people. These include
the northern Abattoir, the arable land development program, group (?and com-
mercial rent) development, and the accelerated (?rain-fed) arable program.

Under the current drought program, drought relief measures will continue for
the first 6 months of 1986-1987, even if there is a dramatic improvement in
the rains.

At present, 3.9 million pula is set aside for this purpose.

In 1986-1987, the share of the state president increases from 3.6 percent to
4.9 percent. Some 86 percent of the total of 17.2 million pula is taken up by
the Botswana Defense Force and the Botswana police.

The rest is shared between the department of information and broadcasting,
Botswana Institute of Administration and Commerce, the government printer
and scheme.

The remaining 55.3 million which represents approximately 16 percent of the
total is divided between the ministries of home affairs, commerce and in-
dustry, health, and my own ministry, and the departments of justice and ex-
ternal affairs.

Mr Speaker, that concludes the details of the budget for 1986-1987.



the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Interna-
tional Covenant of Civil and Political Rights and the
principles laid down by the Western Five asan addendum
to UN Security Council Resolution 435.

Mr Justice Hiemstra said while the inclusion of such
universally acceptable models would also imply a form
of international acceptance of the eventual draft, it
would not be subject to intertsational veto.

Under these models there was also ‘no room for politi-
cal parties based on ethnicity’, Judge Hiemstra said.

‘A law like a Population Registration Act providing for
a card showing the holder’s ethnic group is therefore to-.
tally out and any idea of having ethnic groups represent-
ed by parties ethnically organised seems to be open to

doubt? .

A number of the parties/alliances constituting the
‘Transtonal Government are ethnically-based.

In answer to a question, Judge Hiemstra said his refer-
ence to the danger of ethnically based parties dominating
the government could be seen as referring to the
Owambos.

But this was only meant as an example to reassure
those who persistently brought up the potential threat to
minorities by a dominant group.

Human Rights Violations Seen
Windhoek THE NAMIBIAN in English 17 Jan 86 p 11
[Article by Gwen Lister]

[Text] IF THE PRESS CONFERENCE held by Mr Justice Victor Hiem-
stra, Chairman of the socalled Constitutional Council, is anything
to go by, then rather going into ‘recess’ to discuss ‘methods of
procedure’, the six parties making up the interim government
should rather discuss the whole purpose behind the exercise they
are currently engaged in, and whether they’re not wasting their
time and taxpayer’s money.

‘What is the ‘Constitutional Council’ doing, and is it worth the sub-
stantial amount of State funds that have been, and have still to be used
in the next two years to draw up a socalled ‘independence constitution’

for Namibia?

THE HEATED DEBATE ABOUT AG 8
PROBABLY THE MOST ‘contentious’ item on the agenda of
the ‘Constitutional Council’ is the question of ethnic governments
Proclamation AG 8: Will it stay or go?

For years it has been a case of ‘passing the buck’ with AG 8. Some-
how, everyone denies responsibility. No one quite knows how the Procla-
mation seemed to get here, and the DTA, one of the parties which ratified
AG 8, now pretends indifference.

For some it’s a case of: ‘It’s fine if we contro! the ethnic government
in question, but if we don’t, we certainly oppose and try to oust those
in the seats of power’. The recent case of the attempted overthrow of

_ Mr Peter Kalangula was a classic example.

The fight over AG 8 has been a protracted one, with most parties in
the country bitterly imposed to the ‘little empires’ and bantustan-type
governments it has created.

25



could not be used for testing high explosives because of an agreement by
the Minister of Defence following a recommendation contained in the Hey
Report. As a result, the Overberg facility functioned purely as a type. of
outdoor laboratory, the spokesman said. Work on the Copperton range was
expected to begin soon and would probably be completed by April next year.
Live ammunition, missiles and different types of explosive devices would
be tested at the isolated range which would be 57 km long and 13 km wide
at its widest point. The spokesman said 21 farms would be affected by the
building of the range. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 7 Feb 86

p10] /9317
cso: 3400/1116

94



were sediced and there was
deep*concern that the law
would erode the ancient cus-,
tom of roora, or bride price. |

Another radical departure
from customary practice was-
the introduction of the Matri-
monial Causes Act which em-:
powers the courts to make a
division of property in divorce;
settlements. - . 1

The Minister of Justick, Le-
al and Parliamentary Affairs, |

r Eddison Zvobgo, said this
law was even more im it
and far-reaching that the con-;
troversial Age of Majority Act’
in redressing the imbalance be-
tween men and women. |

He said before the introduc-
tion of this Act, a woman was
virtually unprotected by the
law on divorce. ‘

“Once divorce was granted,
she was the loser,” he said.
“There was absolutely nothing
she could call her own.” }

In most cases she left the
home she had helped build up
with barely the clothes on her

/9317
cso: 3400/1112

back, her kitchen utensils and
in many cases without her
children.

But now the law recognised
the contributions the women
had made and would take this
into account when distributing
the assets.

Mrs Stewart said the Act re-
cognised the equality of the
spouses and was designed to
take account of individual
needs.

The guilt concept had been
removed from divorce in civil
marriages and in this case only
two grounds were recognised
~ irretrieveable breakdown of
the marriage and illness or
lasting unconsciousness.

Mrs Stewart explained that
the last provision was neces-
sary because of the possibility
of someone being kept “alive”
on a life-support machine but,
remaining unconscious.

In ration is a new law
on inheritance, the Succession
Bill, which Dr Zvobgo says will
end the victimisation of

87

widows.

Under customary law, he
said, the relatives of the dead
:husband often claimed all the
property. Under the new law,
where no will has been made,
ithe surviviung spouse, or
spouses in the case of a pal ga-
mous marriage, the children
and close relatives will inherit
in defined portions from the
estate.

The new law suggests that in
eases of polygamy, the senior
iwife: will get 50 percent with
|the rest divided among the ju-
nior wives.

“Mrs Stewart said the Succes-
sion Bill will be the most radi-
cal of all but she warned that
in some circumstances widows
could find themselves worse off
than if the relatives had lived
up to their responsibility to
care for her while taking the
possessions themselves.

In other areas the govern-
ment has introduced regula-
tions preventing discrimination
against women in employment
and in providing protection for
them in the workplace such as
paid maternity leave.



In summary, once we take into account the estimates for public debt service
funds and revenue stabilization fund, we are currently expecting a surplus

in the coming financial year of 292 million pula. Before moving on to discuss
financial legislation, I would like to make two general remarks: first, Mr
Spéaker, I must again take this opportunity to thank the various aid donors
for the resources--both time and money--which ‘they have continued to provide ©
over the past year. As I have said previously, this support remains an
essential part of our development program. In particular we must express our
gratitude to those organizations that have supported us during the current
drought. In 1985-1986, we estimated the contributions to drought relief will
total some 57,,000'tons of food and 7.5 million pula. .

Secondly, Mr Speaker, I would like to remark on the way the budget figures fit
into our overall development plan. It is apparent that the estimated expen-
diture’ for 1986-1987 (?was) somewhat above guidelines set in the national :
development plan six.

/8918
cso: 3400/1143



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

GOVERNMENT SPENDING FOR MINISTERIAL HOMES--Cape Town--The Government is to
spend R2,28 million building new ministerial homes in Durban, probably for
member of the House of Delegates Ministers Council. The acceptance of a
tender by Homeplan Building Services is revealed in a Masters Builders
Association document. Mr Derrick Watterson, MP (NRP Umbilo) planned to
raise the issue in Parliament today. Mr Watterson said in an interview
that if it could be presumed that houses were being built for all five
members, the cost for each house was R457 570. "This is a bit ridiculous.
It means the members of the House of Delegates Ministers Council will have
luxury homes in Cape Town, Pretoria and Durban. "Most of them have their
own homes in Durban. If they need homes they could be less elaborate."
Mr Watterson said the Government had no understanding of how ordinary
South Africans were suffering. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English
12 Feb 86 p 4] /9317

AWB TO SET UP VIGILANTE GROUPS--The Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB) has
called on all its branches to form vigilante-type groups--known as Brandwagte
in AWB language. And on the West Rand, the current scene of unrest, up to

6 000 AWB members are expected to attend a meeting on March 8 to discuss

the situation. Leader of the AWB Mr Eugene Terre' Blanche said yesterday
the time was ripe for Brandwagte because of the "Government's ineffectual
handling of the current crisis." Members of the Brandwagte would dress in
khaki and would be armed. The Brandwagte would draw their members from ~
the AWB and were open to "any white Christians regardless of their political
affiliations." A police spokesman said: "We do not appreciate people trying
to take the law into their own hands. But at the same time people do have
the right to protect their lives and property--as long as they obey the
law." [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 31 Jan 86 p 3] /9317

ARMSCOR NEW TESTING RANGE--The arms embargo against South Africa hae made

it necessary for Armscor to develop new weapons systems-~and a new testing
range is needed where experiments with explosive devices can be carried

out, according to an Armscor spokesman. South Africa's arms manufacturer
announced recently it would develop a new artillery testing range in the
Copperton area of the North-Western Cape. Although the spokesman would give
no details of the cost involved, this is believed to run to many millions.
The spokesman said the existing Overberg testing range in the Southern Cape

93



/9317
cso: 3400/1118.

racism.

merely stone him —
they shot him.

Yet, at, the best of
times,‘ the world has
been so captivated by

their quality of leadership

that these men have been

honoured. King got his No-

bel Prize for peace. The

president of the now banned

ANC, a great advocate of

peaceful resistance — Chief Albert Luthuli

-- got his Nobel Prize. Tutu, a strong and

unflinching opponent of apartheid, and

also an advocate of ceful change —

contrary to the accusations levelled against
him -- got his Nobel Prize.

The tragedy is that this nation refuses to
sce the Tutus of this land as crucial and
well-meaning figures who coild play a
major role in changing the face of this
society for the better. He has the stature
and commands the respect that can turn
our present despair into hope. Has this
nation become so blind it cannot recognise

“-such a glaring reality?

98



Municipal halls in Milnerton are open to all under the same
arrangement as the Cape Town City Council — no restrictions
to speak of.
ag Simon's Town is busy asking the authorities to have its

fes-only” signs removi m public amenities, Te .
Clerk Mr chevalier. , says Town
aie far as ‘mixing it’ goes, things are in a state of flux,” he

Just One Family ?

ALL over South Africa, peo-
‘ple are still being barred
trom restaurants, cinemas,
hotels, beaches and other
public amenities because
they are the wrong colour.
Yet many people believe
that, in Cape Town, we project
the image of being one big hap-
py non-racial family.
Although apartheid sign-
boards may be thin on the
ground, a little digging will
show that aparthied practices
often don’t need signs at all.

But there are no such prob-
lems at Cape Town Station, ac-,
cording to ‘Transport Services.
liaison officer Mr Luther Die-'
dericks. “The station itself used
to be separated into white and
non-white sections, but now
that has fallen away,” he said.

“Instead, one section is for
first-class and second-class

passeng , and the other for
hird-class passengers, whether
black or white,” he said. “We
reserve the right of admission
to our restaurants or coffee
bar, but that is based | purely on
a person’s behaviour:

Railway transport, though, is
still clearly labelled “whites-
only”, “Non-whites only” — or
is simply left blank for those
who don’t mind mixing it.

And once you have climbed
into your preferred coach for a
train ride, you may come
across some odd signs at cer-
tain stations.

For instance, at Observatory

. Station there’s the toilet for
“Third class — Men”. Right
next door is one for “Net nie
blankes — Dames”. |

114



, 56. It is my hopé, Mr Speaker, Sir, that
these measures, together with the very
attractive exchange rate now in existence
‘and the other incentives, will encourage
those who are already in the business of
exporting to expand ‘the volume of their
exports. It is also my hope that new
: exporteré will emorge to. join the vital:
‘business of strongthening, our economy.
‘Thus in 1986 our accent will be on expand.
ing exports. ‘

(0) Mobilising Additional External’ Re-
sources

B71. Mr- Bpeaker,. Sir, the country’s
external assistance requirements have
been growing ropidly over the Inst few
years. This is partly because of the
‘gorious decliie in our export earnings. *
The other reason is that our external
debt service obligations, ave also in-*
crensed considerably. This means, Mr
Speaker, Sir, that even as we continue
“with the process of diversifying our
export ‘ea , it will be tiécossary for
us to seck additional support from the
international community. x :

88, External support will take three
forms. Firstly, we shall continue with the
process we started: in 1984 of asking for
financial support through the mechanism
,of consultative group meetings. Direct
approaches will also ‘be made to those
countries that are not members of the

gtoup.

50. In 1985 two’ consultative group
“meetings were held in ‘Paris under the
chairmanship of the World Bank. The
countries and institutions present: at the
meetings responded favourably’ and

60. Mr or, Sir, it is our intention
to hold another consultative group meeting
gome time in the middle of the year to
mobilise additional assistance. I am con--
fident that the further asaistance we
require will be forthcoming.

61. But external assistance provided
by, the donofs can be available to us only
‘the aid is drawn on promptly. ‘Experience
t this has not

61

‘poen created at the Ministry of Hinance.
{ should, however, haere that the
effectiveness of tho new system requires
the full co-operation ‘of the other Minis-

tries and Departments.

measures we took in 1986
the prospects of increasing production’
and’ ‘reducing the domestic snd , the
external imbalances which have prevailed”
long-time. A more
thus been

Jgéeated for_concliding » new
cWwith the Fund, So far our discussions
With the Fund have gorie reasonably welt
and, with Zambia now current ith the
Fund, I am confident that ‘greomént will
be reached soon:

63. The leg of our "resource
nobilisation effort will involve ths com.”
prehensive rescheduling of part of Zambia's .
medium and long-term debt. Problems in

‘debt servicing havé arisen not so much
Decanso of the size of Zambia's external
debt but because of the rapid fall in our

* export earnings. 7

(¢) Increasing Domestic Production

64. As I ave already pointed out, lack
- of adequate domestic production is one
{of the three Brincipal probloma fing the
“eoonomy at the momont. It has tho effect *
VOf stimuldting inflation and making it

difficult us to create exportable sur-
pluses at .

more jobs.
(i) Agricultural Sector

: 65, Clearly, Mr Spoaker, Sir, wo must
continue to take action to stimulate rapid
production in all sectors of the economy.
‘In the agricultural sector we have all
‘taken the two important policy measures
!to. which reference has been made, namel}

existing monopoly in the marketing of
maize and fertilizer. With thoso important
docisions in hand, our attention this yeat
‘and in the future will be dircoted at im-
proving the extension services and agri-
‘oulti research. We are also taking
faction to su] @ number of large
agricultural schemes which are aimed at
producing a varity of orops for domestic
-oonsumption aud export. :

j
“6, Three other . arons will _roocive :
inoreased attontion. ‘Theso include agri-
cultural resettlomon’, expansion of the
‘aroa under irrigation and the administra-
tion of credit. Now that many people
want to return to the land, it is important



122. As the Houso will, I am sure
agreo, the'loss in revenue I'am suffering
as a result of those changos must be made
up in some way. Throo itoms will assist
in this recovery process. These are sugar,
wine from fresh fruits and petroleum
products. Borg

(iv) Sugar
ol we jaker, oe. the tax on
sugar Is present ly at 11.0 per cent
of the vi e. Since sugar is one of the
commodities being exported, it is m
view that a-basic change in taxation
required. In order to allow refined sugar
(othor wise called white sugar) to continue
ing exported, I am pro) ing that the
tax on it should be from 11.0 per
cont to 20.0 per cent. The objective is to
discourage the consumption of this type
of suger. On the other hand, I am pro-
ing that the tax on unrefined or
wn sugar should stand at only 10.0

per cont.
(¥) Wine from Fresh Fruits

124, Evidence available suggests that
wine from fresh fruits is now boing “pro-
duced in Zambia on o commercial basis.
‘This new product must, like all others
of a similar nature, attract tax at 20.0

per cent.
(vi) Petroleum Products

165. Mr Speaker, Sir, I pointed out
earlier that Isst year we experionced
serious difficulties in the importation of
oil, basically because of foreign exchange
problems. Thoso problems’ will still be
with us in 1986. We must, thorofore,
continue to reduce the consumption of

troleum products. Moreover, wo must
induce an efficient use of these scarce
items. The best way of bringing about such
a change is, a5 we have done. before, by

using the price mechanism.

126, But in proposing an increase in
the tax applicable to petroleum products,

‘must correct one serious anomaly that
has existed in tho taxation of these pro-
ducts, This is that we have taxed mainly
petrol, dicsel and kerosene leaving some
of the other products untaxed. This has
tended to concentrate the tax on these
few products.

127, I ani, accordingly, proposing, Mr
Spoaker, Sir, that the taxation of these
commodities should be modified in the
following way. “Firstly, heavy fuel oil
does not at presont attract any tax at sll.
Tam now proposing that there ‘should
be an excise duty of K230.00 per tonne.
‘Tho second item is light fuel oil. This, too,
has not attracted any tax in the past.
I am proposing that there should foe
tax of 290.00 per tonne.

67

128, Tho duty on the othor products
which have attracted duty in the past
will change as follows:

—super petro! from K0.42 per litre
to KOS per litre; per

—rogular petrol from K0.38
litre to K0.41 per litro; per

—diesel from K0.32 per litre to
K0.33 per litre;

—low sulphur gas oil from K0.32
litre to KU.33 per litre; per

—tiquefied petroleum gas oil from

10.20 por lito to. 10.80 per Here;

—kerosene from K0,10 litre to
tere fon ae Per

129, All the changes I have referred
to will yield K35.3 million in revenue
and will take effect at mid-night tonight.

(© Sales Tax

130. Mr Speaker, Sir, I am
only one change under this item. proponing
the tax on tefocommunications and rotated
services stands at 10.0 por cont only. It is
now my proposal that we, taiso it to 15.0

cont. As a result of this proposal,
‘additional revenue to the extont of
K60 million is © |. The monsuro
jtself comes into effect tomorrow, Ist
February, 1986.

* 491. Mr Spoakor, Sir, at his rocent
Press Conference, His Excellency the
President referred to the need. to establish,
‘a tariff commission. The funotions of
this commission will be to examine tho
existing tariffs undor tho Customs and
Excise Act and the Sales Tax Act. Tho
commission itself will be appointed soon
tostart its work.

(a) Income Tax

132. At this point, Mr Spoaker, Sir,
let me turn to the discussion of tho changos
T am proposing under the Income Tax
Act. .

(i) Capital Allowance on Motor Vehicles

133. ‘The first item I want to discuss is
-the eapital allowance on motor vehicles.
Currently, Sir, oapital allowanoo on motor
vehicles stands at only K9,000 for income
tax purposes. With the recent increase in
the value of motor vehicles following the
depreciation of the Kwacha, it is nocessary
to review this ceiling. I am accordingly

oposing that the allowance be raised to
Ko5,000.



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

POWER RATIONING INTRODUCED--Control measures in the distribution of electricity
in Maputo have been announced following Tuesday's sabotage attacks on two
powerlines by the South African-backed MNR terrorists. While the damaged
powerline is being repaired, the electricity department will supply electricity
by rationed distribution. It also called on the population to avoid extra-
vagant use of electricity, .[Text] [Maputo in English to Southern Africa

1800 GMT 6 Feb 86 MB] /8918 ‘ sel ele .

cso: 3400/1157 +

12



SOUTH AFRICA

MANDELA INFLUENCE GROWING DESPITE IMPRISONMENT

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 7-13 Feb 86 p 5

[Article by Anton Harber] .

Tex
[Text] NELSON MANDELA is hovering on

the political horizon like a human
equivalent of Halley's Comet.

The latter is returning,
portentously, after’ 76 years of
hurtling around the cosmos. The
former seems set to return in similiar

“fashion after nearly 25 years in a
small cell, property of SA Prison
Services.

But while scientists can tell us how
the comet will behave, what effect it
will have and when it will disappear
again, no one can say with certainty
what will happen when the African
National Congress leader, serving a
life sentence for sabotage, is back in
‘his modest Soweto home.

Official sources and those close to

. his family indicate he is expected out

ina matter of weeks. That this is being
taken seriously is shown by the fact
that his lawyer, Ismail Ayob, has
made inquiries about office space in
Johannesburg.
"His release would be the single most
important gesture the government
could make to indicate that it is serious
about allowing change to occur. It is
one of the few moves being
contemplated by the government that
will have an instant and powerful
effect on the majority of people.

It would increase PW Botha's local
and international credibility and ease

“South Africa's negotiations with its
international creditors considerably.

Obviously that is why it is being
considered — not because of a sudden
tush of compassion from the powers
that be. .

95

What is not clear,. however, is the
political effect Mandcla's presence
will have in an already tense situation.

One can recall both the Iranian
experience — where the return from
exile of the Ayatollah Khomeini
presaged the collapse of the Shah's
regime — and the Namibian
‘experience — where the long-awaited
and much-heralded release from
prison of Andinba Toiva ja Toiva was
quickly forgotten.

There is little doubt that Mandela —
having refused and apparently
defeated attempts to impose conditions
on his freedom — will begin
organisirig and rallying as soon as he
is freed.

His family is precise about what he
will do: “He will take up where he left
off as leader of his people.”

One can expect a series of mass
rallies and maybe even protest
marches, attended by millions of
people. Curiosity alone will fill any of
South Africa's large sports stadiums.

One senior PFP parliamentarian put
it this way: “If he comes out and calls a
meeting in Soweto, it will make the
State President's speech at Zion City
last year look like an NRP meeting”.

One can expect a massive
outpouring of public sentiment.
Thousands of youths — most born
after his imprisonment — have
adopted him as their symbolic leader
despite never having seen or heard
him. Rumours that he had died last
year led to a brief outbreak of
violence in Soweto.



At one point a Swapo-
office bearer tried to reason
with police saying the occa-
sion was not a meeting but
a braat and festival of cul-
tural events.

In one clash, the head of
the ‘Swapo police’, Mr
Peter Nanyemba, who ap-
peared ‘to argue with the
police, was beaten around
the head, face and body by
at least six policemen using
quirts and was led away
with blood streaming from
his face.

Initially 45 people were
arrested.

As the defiant crowd
regrouped police moved in
three times with teargas.
Some people attempted to
throw teargas canisters

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 27 Jan 86 p 3

back at the police.
However, the crowd con-
tinued to gather, eventually
swelling to over 100. “Our
will will not be broken,’ one
middle-aged women said.
Some of the Swapo
youth members then start-
ed making speeches.
“How long are we going
to allow this sort of thing to
go on? Swapo youth mem-
ber Elia Kaiyamo asked.
“This is supposed to be a
year of peace, but is it so)’
he asked, referring fo the
police action provoked by
the Swapo Youth League's
decision to have a festival,
“not a meeting’, to mark

‘the occasion.

A large contingent of
riot police, including two

armoured vehicles, then
moved in and blanketed the
area with teargas, arresting
another 11 people.

One resident told The
Advertiser, people about a
kilometre away had felt the
effects of the teargas.
Others condemned what
they felt was an excessive
use of violence by the
police.

After the crowd had been
dispersed, scores of riot
police continued to patrol
Katutira [ate yesterday at-
ternoon, while in many
areas people continued to
congregate at street
corners.

Clashes between police
and Swapo sympathisers

Editorial Challenges Law

[Editorial by Brian Jones]

[Text]

If the Transitional Gove
reconsider the Security Districts
freedom of movement—and on
which prevents certain organisa
Public assurances were given that the
used to restrict movement from one area to another,

ing out their work,

Yer on Friday a journalist wishing to att
was refused a permit to enter the region and no reas
On Sunday, a Swapo Youth League ga
gas and quirts,
of the Notificati
The confrontation betw
national and international news,

Ihave shown a sharp in-
lcrease in the last year.

In May teargas was used
| to disperse a Cassinga Day
crowd; on June 17 police
threw teargas and baton-
charged people demon-
« strating against the instal-
lation of the Transitional
- Government; in August
| teargas and batons were
used to break up a Namibia
' Day; a day later, baton-
wielding police broke up an
impromptu demonstration
by Swapo supporters in
Kaiser Street; and, at the
end of September, 75 Swa-
po supporters were arrested
outside the magistrates
court for allegedly staging
an unlawful demon-
stration.

rnment respects its own Bill of Rights it should seriously
legislation—-which effectively places a restriction on
the Prohibition and Notification of Meetings Act—
tions from holding public meetings.
Security Districts legislation would not he
or prevent journalists from carry-

end a poaching trialat Opuwain Kaokoland
sons for this decision were given,

thering was broken up by police using tear

and 56 people were arrested because it was allegedly in contravention

ion and Prohibiton of Meetings Act.
ween the police and the crow
yet if no arrests had been made the gathering would

yd meant the incident became

have gained little attention beyond the local press.

If those who were arrested are found to have broken the law, then they can be blamed
for knowingly holding an illegal meeting. .

But in this case the law is also at fault.

The legislation is aimed at parties which propagate. the violent overthrow of the state
which is a reasonable enough law in any democratic society.

But Namibia is anything but a. fully-fledged democracy, and Swapo, the organisa-
tion at which the law is chiefly aimed, is one of the the ‘main protagonists in the Namibi-
‘an drama, Further, and more importantly, it is not a banned organisation.

‘A law that forbids the gatherings of ‘certain parties while the parties themselves are
legal is schizophrenic and a potential source of friction.

‘And surely it is time that the report of the Van Dyk Commission of Inquiry into;
seer legislation be released so the whole range of security laws can be reviewed)
publicly. .
19317
cso: 3400/1109

17



PANEL ON COUNTERTRADE INAUGURATED

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 28 Jan 86 pp 1,3

[Text]

/12828

CSO:

THE Chief of General
Staff. Commodore Ebitu
Ukiwe yesterday in Lagos
charged ‘the five-man
counter-trade review panel
to make far-reaching recom:"
mendations in the overall in-
terest of the country.

Inaugurating the panel, he
said under its terms of
reference, it was expected to
re-negotiate existing coun-
ler-trade agreements with a
view to ensuring a ‘‘one-to-
one’’ system of project
financing in areas of critical
importance to the country’s
industrial and technological
development. _

The panel, headed by Mr. J.K
Randle, Chairman of Eko Hotels’
Ltd., is to see to it that Nigeria's
interest was protected in all
counter-trade agreements, par-
ticularly in the quantum or ag-
gregate value of goods to be ex-
changed for oil.

It would also determine the
nature of “qualifying products”

3400/1130

for counter-trade, and ensure
that imported goods met the
government’s Priorities within
the context of the economic
emergency. y

The pane! would further deter-
mine the market price of com-
pletely knocked down - parts,
machinery and other goods to be
imported, as well as determine
the duration of each counter-
trade agreement or its termina-
tion.

It is charged with the arrange
ment for the management of all
“escrow'’, accounts, the ade-
quacy or otherwise of the rules
and procedures for their opera-
tion, and determine the balances
on the various escrow accounts.

On oil lifting, the panel would
review the adequacy of the agree-
ments with regard to any crude
oil price discounts and determine
products other than crude oil that
could feature in future counter-
trade agreements.

All counter-trade agreements
were to be negotiated on govern-
ment-to-government or
company-to-company basis, but
subject to government approval.

46

NIGERIA


The statement said that "to spread the load budget, provision has been
placed before the Government for the annual production of 240 wagons to be
manufactured by local industry over a l0~year period beginning in 1986/87
at an average cost of some $8 million per year."

One company that will be involved is More Wear Industries which has recently
done similar work for Tanzania and Uganda. The chairman of the company,

Mr Abner Botsh, said in Harare yesterday he was confident that the foreign
content of the new wagons would be "negligible."

The steel would come from Zimbabwe Steel Corporation. "We may have to
import some types of steel they don't manufacture, but I'm sure most of it
will be from them," said Mr Botsh. "Also, there may be small items like
clippings, which we may have to import."

The other company which will make the wagons is the Zimbabwe Engineering
Company of Bulawayo.

The railways said the replacement of the wagons would not in any way alter
the arrangement whereby the network uses South African Railways wagons
when they are sent here with Zimbabwean imports.

It had been suggested in transport circles that the railways was losing
too much revenue by paying high hire charges to SAR for the use of its
wagons in Zimbabwe.

The statement said that it was normal practice between neighbouring railways
in this region to interchange wagons. The daily hire charge started to apply
as soon as the wagon entered the foreign railway system.

"Such wagons only come into Zimbabwe when loaded with import traffic or
traffic bound for Zambia, Zaire, Mozambique or Malawi. They are never
used internally within Zimbabwe, except where they can be reloaded in the
direction of home lines in order to avoid unnecessary empty movement.

Nor are they unduly detained." :

A spokesman said later than SAR also used NRZ wagons in Soiuth Africa and

paid for them at the same rate as NRZ. She could not quote figures, but
said the arrangement seemed to even out the charges paid by either system. |

/9317
cso: 3400/1112

91



DANGER OF UNREALISTIC ECONOMIC OPTIMISM SEEN

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 10 Jan 86 p 1

[Text]

A CONCERTED campaign to generate
a sense of economic optimism for 1986
by some government officials and
businessmen. in Namibia and South
Africa seems to be out of touch with the
underlying recessionary realities.

While businessmen and
economic analysts. ap-
proached by The Adver-!
tiser over the last two days
did not want to act as
prophets of gloom and
doom, and while they~
recognized the importance
of ‘mood’ to the health of
the economy, they warned
of the dangers of creating:
‘unrealistic’ expectations.

“We have heard four

years of. optimistic
forecasts,” outspoken.
businessman, Mr — Eric

Lang said, emphasizing
that no recovery could take
place merely by boosting.
sonfidence.

“It can only endanger
our long-term recovery
prospects. It is time we
stopped deluding ourselves
and .started ‘dealing with
the fundamental reforms
necessary in our country.”

Another + prominent
businessman with extensive
interests in the country

/9317
cso: 3400/1113

_said it was highly unlikely

as well as unrealistic to
promote the notion of a
real economic upswing in
either South Africa or
Namibia.

“The economic fun-
damentals at this stage still
contradict ‘good news
sermons’.”

Year-end forecasts by
leading economists of SA
banks and _ building
societies generally
predicted a significant in-
crease in the inflation rate
for ’86. Several reports in
prominenet financial
publications quoted _es-
timates of betweeen 20 to
23% inflation.

Rumblings about mas-
sive ‘hidden’ debts dis-
covered by the Swiss
banker appointed to
negotiate the rescheduling
of South Africa’s debt
burden are considered @

‘threat to any chance of
-recovery of the Rand in the
near future.

Without such a recovery
massive imported inflation
is unlikely to decline soon.

TACKLING
THE PROBLEM

Mr Lang said he
believed there were steps
which could be taken. to

combat Namibia’s
problems.
But a consumerled

economic recovery for the
Territory was impossible.

“Our recovery can only
take place | within the
parameters of financial dis-_
cipline and an export-
orientated drive,” he said.

In thé absence of the
ability to generate growth,
the country had to shrink
and redirect spending.

Firstly, expenditure had.
to be. checked by
budgetary control.

“The government must
systematically reduce it's
role in the economy, which
is around 70% of the
Gross Domestic Product
(GDP),” he said.

“Although this cannot
be done overnight, they
should firmly commit
themselves to this and aim
to come down to about
50%.”

29

NAMIBIA.

Secondly, exports had to
be looked at. *

“Our economy is mainly
an’exporting economy and
we aré benefiting from'the
exchange rate, ‘but the
question must be ‘asked
whether the old pattern is
going to continue where
the income just flows ‘out
of the country,” ‘he said.

What has the govern-
ment done so far, he asked.

Further, it was high time
there was skilful negotia-
tion for a fairer deal from
South Africa. :

“As far as the “fun-
damentals were concefned,
there is no way a county
can consume 80% of its
GDP, export 50% and bor-
row the balance.”

He added that an’ es-
timated 60% of our own-
generated income (i.e. from
tax) could go to servicing
Namibia’s debt this year.

Mr Lang warned that
the drop in the Rand was
similar to a drop in the
barometer pressure, “a
signal of stormy times
ahead”.

As far as the man in the
street was concerned, peo-
ple needed to stay out of
debt and run “a very tight
personal budget”.



The group--as is the case with Siemens--is involved in SA Mircroelectrofic
Systems (Sames), and recently added radio communications through acquisition
of Motorola.

Jacobson sees possibilities for export in "yesterday's technology", replace-
ment of equipment components, such as integrated circuits, capacitors and

resistors.
?

"In this way SA can market into areas where the giants have already left,"
he says.

IBM director of marketing and services Tony Dry says ease of use lies at _ the
centre of acceptance and growth in personal computers.

End-users, he says, are increasingly coming up with applications "so the
whole area of office productivity becomes enriched".

An increasing number of companies realise information is a valuable resource,
he says, "but the more information is used, the more valuable it becomes--
hence the demand for accessibility".

The industry has seen a fundamental change which directly influenced its
growth: "Whereas computer systems used to address problems of the company--
such as running | the payroll or debtors--now they address problems encountered
by their users.

Nearly all of IBM's large accounts have their own information centres, which
indicates they dre using computers for a good deal more than number
crunching.

A major obstacle in the way of high- tech growth is shottage of skilled people
in SA.

The quality of those that are available is up to standard, says Siemens'
Botsch, but greater numbers of qualified personnel are needed for design,
marketing, support and application.

Shortage of skills, says IBM's Dry, could retard growth of the entire

economy. "Vacancies may be fewer during a recession, but were there to be
an improvement we would be suffering from a skills shortfall. noe “

/12828
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129



ANC-INKATHA RIFT REPORTEDLY REMAINS WIDE OPEN

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 17.Jan 86 p 1

{Article by Patrick Laurence]

[Text]

THE CHANCES of a rap-
prochement between the ANC
and Chief Mangosuthu
Buthelezi remain as remote as
ever, judging from remarks
made by the ANC President,
Oliver Tambo on the 74th an-
niversary of the founding of the
ANC.

In his first official comment on
the Inkatha President since Inkatha
proposed peace talks with the ANC
late last year, Tambo said ‘there is
nothing at the moment which in-
dicates that the rift is going to be
mended.’

Speaking slowly, and choosing
his words deliberately, Tambo was
replying to a question which pos-
ed the necessity for unity between
rival black movements.

‘The thrust of his reply was to
project the ANC as a force capable
of unifying blacks in the struggle
against apartheid without the sup-
port of Buthelezi.

“The ANC, by the very nature of
its formation, is committed to a
united struggle of our people, all of

- them,’ he said. .
‘We believe that our people are
basically united behind the ANC in .

the struggle.

. ‘We accept that Chief Gatsha”
Buthelezi is the Chief Minister of
Kwazulu, has a position of authori-

13

“ty, can tell people where to go”

because he is given authority by the

(Pretoria) regime. He can tell peo-

ple he is governing.

«But we do not accept that our
people in that part ‘of South Africa
(Kwazulu), have turned their eyes
from the struggle.

‘We do not accept that they

_ don't support the ANC. We do not

accept that they agree with these
ravings (by Buthelezi) against the
ANC.’ .

‘Recalling that many Zulus had
supported the ANC for decades,
Tambo said ‘It is their organisa-
tion. Chief Albert Luthuli (one of
Tambo's predecessors as ANC
“ president), lived in that part of the
world.’ .

He added to applause from a
selection of the audience which
crammed the Namibia Institute

Hall in Lusaka:

“It is Chief Gatsha Buthelezi who -
is fighting his own battles against .

the ANC. The ANC iis too oc-
cupied with the struggle to take
much notice of what he says.’

_ Tambo appeared ‘to single out

Buthelezi for. “special criticism,
above even such implacable foes as
Kaiser Matanzima of Transkei,

NAMIBIA

Lennox Sebe of Ciskei and Patrick -

‘Mphephu of Venda.



34. The shortage of foreign exchange is an over-riding issue because the
mining industry, which generates practically all our foreign exchange
earnings, is not now in a position to do so for the reasons I have already
given and which have been explained from time to time by the Party and its
Government. Unless the income lost as a result of the fall in the contribu-
tion of the mining industry is recovered or replaced rapidly by income from
other sources, the economy will grind to a halt. As His Excellency the
President said, "We have to export or perish."

35. Mr Speaker, Sir, the second fundamental issue facing us is the lack of
adequate domestic production in the economy. From the information I have
already provided, the House will observe that the evolution of our gross
domestic product in recent years has been most unsatisfactory. The agricul-
tural sector has not grown as fast as we would have wished and growth in
the manufacturing sector has stalled owing to the shortage of inputs.
Besides creating a situation of inadequate supplies in the economy, lack

of adequate production has meant that apart from minerals, very few export-
able surpluses are being generated in the economy.

36. But even more worrying is the share of services in the gross domestic
product. The share of services has increased from 25.3 percent in 1964 to
34.0 percent in 1974 and 43.6 percent in 1984, It is estimated that the
contribution of services to the gross domestic product declined slightly
to 40.0 percent in 1985. These figures clearly show that our economy is
service rather than goods-oriented. This is why we have a persistent
shortage of commodities and this is also the reason why prices have been
rising.

37. The imbalance in the Government budget is the third problem facing the
economy. Banking sector financing has such serious implications on aggregate
demand that unless it is reduced the pressures we have in the economy will
continue.

38. Mr Speaker, Sir, what is significant about the problems I have
described is that they have been with us for the last ten years. The
lesson we have learnt is this: Unless we did something about them those
problems would continue especially bearing in mind the production problems
in the mining industry. And if they continued, scarcities would intensify
and prices would continue to rise leading to reduced incomes for all of us.

39. It was against this background that the Party and its Government decided
last year to introduce a number of measures designed to address some of
these problems. By far the most important measure was the auctioning of
foreign exchange. As we have explained many times before, this measure is
intended to achieve the following economic objectives. Firstly, it is
intended to make it easier for us to export. Zambia is a landlocked country.
This alone makes it difficult for us to export because of the high trans-
portation costs. In addition, the mining industry has tended to encourage
high wages in the economy with the result that the costs of production are
generally higher than in the neighbouring countries. The combination of

57



SOUTH AFRICA

R4BN BUZZWORD FOR THE FRONTIER OF TECHNOLOGY

HIGH-TECH--.

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 31 Dec 85, 3 Jan 86

[31 Dec 85 p 2]

Hight -tech, says Jacobson, is the cut-
ting nedge of ‘technology, the most
advai part, with the most advanced
manufacturing processes.

Like Siemens’ Botsch, Jacobson sees a
microprocessor as a prime example.

126

{Text] .
HIGH-TECH ts a buzzword coverin; “it 1s the heart of computing equip-
electronic components, pment and er it is like a computer on a single le
feystems, a mark worth, more than you can ey a chip wi

bn a oP Toa ts, a high precision —

what i is high technology? The ex- capability Ly of ei numbers.

ei ‘and iprovcaiie of a broad defini- It works at very high rates — over:

rocat millions of instructions per
iemens joint MD Dietrich Botsch with input/output devices which enable
me it in an electronic nutshell: “Hi; one to read out results from the chip toa
is any application of a sophisticat printer or tape recorder or disk.”
ion of electronics, electrome-
chanies and integr integrated elteutts, be it Innovations
necessa! r ion, office aj ica- services di
tion ee for entertainment. rou bry says fl a oer or gheiech
set eh mirror bed on sto aca maezetans
algo be called hi technology. W Ve oa ea a di

Grow atl technology at Altech, of storing, processing and diseemiuating

Day id Jacobson, says even ology” It affects the entire economy and

industry, from mining to a agriculture

Applied science and every branch of manufacturing and
service.

“What technology means to me is ap. “High-tech is changing the typee uf
plied science, and sciénce in turn is - product that can be 222. _., «iti 108 also
Process of understanding natural he: ‘ Frodifying the processes by which they
nomena, such as lightning, electricity, are ego he says.
materials and their properties. manager, scien

Making this understanding work for fhe Bnd Henan Wilfried
you is technology. are still Forking w vith b basic pais but

“Understanding the properties of sili- we are takin, , more intricate
con, for instance, leads to the devel than 10 1 yea ago.
ment of the transistor, and from there to ery, aS with
complicated electronic devices which do Newt ivy een and Maxwell and

things of which we never dreamt. induction laws, are no more.”

“Technology js really our servant, and What counts today, says Muller, is
we use our constantly evolving store of
science to develop further technology.” @ This Is the first in a sories of thres

articles on high technology by Fred
Stigiingh. Part 2 will appear on Friday.

what one does with physics, which
amounts to how much computing power
one applies.



SOUTH AFRICA

GIANT TRADE UNION FEDERATION TO BE FORMED SOON

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 5 Feb 86 p 3

[Text]
THE formation of i
another super trade ‘~ Working class in the fo gas at tt ihe tone
union federation is in’ country. -raci i
the pipeline. ! The meeting found peaeragial trade union

The new federation, ' common ground on a ‘Cusa’e nae, ident
whose name still has to the following issues: J M ndaw i told
be decided on, will be- - § Black leadership; The SOWETAN yes
me a reality when © Acceptance of white terday that alth ugh
two black conscious- involvement at grass- discussions “have. net
ness-orientated trade , _ ‘Toots level; been completed tae
union federations — | © Non-affiliation to { wards th for mati sof
the Council of Unions , Political organisations; ithe new federati rm
of South Africa (Cusa) , © Agreement on finan- ! “tremendous rr 38
:-and the Azanian Con-, cial’ accountability to has been rey an ye

federation of Trade. members within Cusa’s joint exe-"
Unions (Azactu) —‘ unions; cutive incl we id
mergesoon. ' © Independent action h 1d: ect rel b-
” ‘The two federations | of unions within a fe- 1 ruary 16 to get clear
met in Johannesburg deration; mandate from its affili-
at the weekend to exa-, © Methods of interna- ates on the issue
mine common ground j tional financial ‘assis- "Azactu’s, co-ardina-
for 2 fate, working eee ane ed com. tor Mr Pandelani Ne-
committee has been ' munity involvement. poned eae aise the
established to examine . Cusa pulled out while: possibility of forming
the future of the black Azactu was not invited the new federation.

/9317

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110



SOUTH AFRICA

REPORTER SEES TRANSFORMATION OF APARTHEID, NOT DISAPPEARANCE
Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 11 Feb 86 p 11

[Article by Anthony Doman]

[text] Seldom does
separate mean |
equal...

APARTHEID, at least
the visible kind, seems
to be dying in Cape
Town.

But is it really?
There’s no denying
that we may work and
play together — but we

still face separate
housing, education,
transport, separate

- birth and even separate
burial:

And seldom does
separate mean equal.

We may temporarily .
shut out the realities of -
apartheid by not putting
up “Whites-only”
signboards. We may
apply for permits to get
around race
restrictions.

But at birth we are
categorised by the
Population Registration
Act, and in life— asin ~
death — we bow to the
Reservation of Separate
Amenities Act and the
Group Areas Act.

Is apartheid really
dying in Cape Town ..

or is it simply taking on
‘ another form ?.

112



Rising Costs Strain Transvaal Finances
(THE CITIZEN, 12 Feb 86) seeveccscecceereceeeeceececeeees

NUM Plans To Disrupt Coal, Metal Exports
(Helen Simpson; THE CITIZEN, 18 Feb 86) ...s.ceceeesseeee

CBD May Be Hampered by Poor Traffic System
(Shirley Woodgate; THE STAR, 8 Feb 86) ...sssceeeveceeees

INDUSTRIAL/S&T

High-Tech-- R4BN Buzzword for the Frontier of Technology
(BUSINESS DAY, 31 Dec 85) .

Civil Engineering Described in Critical State
(THE STAR BUSINESS, 22 Jan 86; THE CITIZEN, 13 Feb 86)

Work Volume on Decline, by Frank Jeans
Drop in Contracts

Hotel Industry ‘Faces Collapse'
(Roger Williams; CAPE TIMES, 1 Feb 86) .

Briefs
New Safety Cab for Farmers

123

124

125

126

130

130

131

132

133


"Tt ig that sub-committee (of the provincial development committee) and the
provincial council's recommendation that my ministry would be obliged to
follow," he said.

The ideal of specific land committees had been suggested by the Governor
of Manicaland, Bishop Joshua Dhube, who later remarked: "I was not aware
how far we could go in using those (provincial development committees) ."

The minister disagreed with the Deputy Minister of Local Government, Rural
and Urban Development, Senator George Chinengundu, who said that some
people refused to be resettled in Manicaland and later decided to squat.

He appealed to civil servants, community leaders and members of parliament
not to mislead the people because this was one of the causes of squatting.
It was the duty of every disciplined Zimbabwean to explain the resettlement
programme to the people.

"T am appealing to the honourable senator here to try to encourage people
to be law-abiding and follow what their provincial council will be recommend-
ing to them," said Cde Mahachi.--Ziana

/9317
cso: 3400/1112

89



/12828
cso:

my own as a Jawyer, farmer and

a_ public affairs consuttant.
somel hing rather new. Ther a
lot of ignorance on how to go
about dealing with gevernment.
Honestly and truthfully when- i
saw that gap. T decided to offer
my services in that sphere outside
«the realms of lobbying or pulling,
strings. purely guiding
people who want to deal with
government and don't know the
best way to go about it. It is y
much new and the r
arrangement is liberal begause
invariably, most of one’s client
are, friends and there isn't
remuneration really other thar
the. satisfaction that you have
helped a friend get what he wants.
I trust (hat as the clientele wider
beyond the horizon of friends and
relations definitely remuneration:
will pick up. T have looked at the

3400/1125

34

system in the United States and
hope to be guided by how the
em operates there.

What I dois not a kind of public
complaints commission. Take in:
vestments, a lot of people don't
know the various steps to take
especially now that thei bur-
ning desire to start small-scale
industries, People don't know!
which way to go, they are
frightened that Lagos is full of
bureaucracy. You go to 27,
ministries before you get ap-
proval. But if you allow time and
you are properly guided front my
expenénce in the Ministry of In-
ternal Affairs things would be
-easier. | used to advise people on
the various steps to take and
the need to start early rather
than at the last minute which ine!

-volves rushing toa minister

and going up and down
with introduction. You
have not been fair to him by not
“giving him enough time. This sort

_ of thing, a general spectrum of

dealing between the citizens and:
the government.



"This is a risk factor for firms and one has to tread very carefully when
planning advertisements," said Mr Matshoba.

Potential

He pointed out that a television scene, of a couple kissing each other
in front of children, would be acceptable to whites, but distasteful to a
black audience.

Discussing a few of the concepts he had worked on, Mr Matshoba said the cow
was important in the black community, for religious and cultural reasons.

Brand names of some products have to be changed at times. to traditional
African names. Mr Matshoba was optimistic about the black market. He said:
"It is the market of the future with its increasing buying power potential."

The director of an advertising company, Mr Tim Bester, said because advertising
companies catered for separate markets, it did not mean they supported
apartheid.

“One has to recognise differences not because we are making a racial state-
thent, but because the differences are relevant to the selling of the product,"
Mr Bester argued.

In advertising it was imperative that one was sensitive to the cultures and
emotions of various race groups. Markets were not determined solely on the
basis of race, but on economic and other factors.

He speculated that even if apartheid was scrapped, advertising would continue
addressing itself to the needs of both black and white communities. . Some
products would appeal to blacks more than whites, and vice versa.

/12828
CSO: 3400/1147

121



The government has added to the
tension and sense of expectation over :
his release by drawing out the process.
The first offer of a conditional release
was made secretly by the then-
Minister of Police, Jimmy Kruger, in
1977. Since then there have been
couniless offers and refusals, each
offer from the government raising
local and international expectations,
each principled refusal on Mandela's
part enhancing his popular status.

The state will struggle to contain the
popular reaction to his release,
perhaps even banning or restricting
him. .

If they do, one can expect Mandela
to resist or even ignore them: When
the government proposed previously
to release him to the Transkei, he
made it clear through his family that
he would ignore such conditions and
leave the area.

His position will be a powerful one
— knowing the authorities would find
it difficult to put him back in prison
under any but the most desperate|
circumstances.

One can expect him, cognisant of the’
relative immunity he enjoys, to have:
little hesitation in breaking the law!
against furthering the aims of the
organisation he leads, the ANC.The|

government will have little option but
to accept this — probably within

specific limitations that preclude the
direct propagation of violence. This
could lead to a separation between an
external military wing of the ANC
and an internal political wing, similar
to the structure of Swapo in Namibia.

Mandela is almost certain to use his
relative immunity to call for-mass
action, perhaps a national strike or a
protest march. 1

Alf this sounds like a scenario for
mass upheaval.

It could prove to be explosive. It
comes at a time when there is a lull in
unrest, but there is talk of a national
schools boycott, national rent strikes

/9317
cso: 3400/1119

and stay-at-homes. It comes at a time
when there has never been such
widespread popular discontent,
seemingly begging for direction.

But there is a crucial difference
between this and what happened in.
«Iran. The cataclysmic return of the
Ayatollah was done according to his
own timing —- as the government was
collapsing of its own accord.

The South African state may be
under a great deal of pressure and
looking less certain than it has for
decades, but it is not collapsing.

It may find it difficult to contain
Mandela, but it will always have the
final — albeit desperate — option of
returning him to prison.

On the other hand, a call for action
from Mandela could peter out like
many of the previous calls for a
national strike, such as the one
proposed last year by Bishop
Desmond Tutu.

The mythology surrounding
Mandela — cultivated by a
government that allowed no one but
his immediate family and his fellow
prisoners to hear or see him for a
quarter of a century — is far greater
than any individual could possibly live
up to.

The reality is that, despite the
euphoria building up over his release,
the presence of one man is not enough
to bring overnight change. ;

This means an almost certain
disappointment — the Toivo ja Toivo
vfactor.

‘The comparison is not a simple one.
Toivo ja Toivo was not known as a
powerful and charismatic leader. He
was hailed as the “father of Namibia””
because he played an important role in
forming the group that came to be the
germ of that country's liberation

movement.

Mandela's history was very
different. In his book “Black politics
in South Africa’, Tom Lodge
described him thus: “...a tall,

96

aristocratic-looking man with a
remote but commanding personality
.» prove(d) himself to be a pragmatic
and astute strategist”.

American academic Thomas Karis
‘described him as “tall, athletic, with a

commanding bearing and a
| dominating personality ..: a born mass
leader”,

But, on the other hahd, at 68 he is no
longer a young man, even if he is fit
and healthy for his age, and has been
-in relative isolation for a quarter of a
century.

The question will be whether he can
sustain the interest and momentum
generated by his return.

He is likely to come out at a time
when many of the organisations that
have campaigned for his relcase and
could provide him with a support
network have been severely weakened
by the repression of the State of

‘Emergency. One only has to visit the
‘UDF head office in Johannesburg —
once a hive of activity, always packed
with activists and volunteer workers,
now occupied by a lone person to
answer the phone — to sce that he will
i have difficulty finding the backup and
structure so crucial to political
| mobilisation.

An important factor will be whether

‘his fellow prisoners will be released
with him. The government will have
difficulty kecping the other Rivonia
trialists (such as Walter Sisulu, Govan
Mbeki, Ahmed Kathrada) in prison
after his release. It is one thing to
release an individual leader, another
to release a range of powerful,
experienced and respected ANC
leaders.

No doubt there are some within the
government who are supporting their
release in the hope that it will bring
division within the ANC,

On the contrary, the release of
Mandela is likely to boost the ANC,
raising hopes for its unbanning and
placing it firmly in the centre stage.



The statement remarked that if the Federal Government should uphold whatever
was the outcome of the panel, then the same government has to set up a panel
to look into the following areas so as to consider the implications.

These are the Two diplomatic missions in the same country, Italy, one for
political affairs and another for the Vatican city. .

Diplomatic reception accorded the Pope which gulped about W1,500,000 for
security alone.

Students Demonstrate Against Panel
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 1 Feb 86 p 1
[Article by Yusuf 0zi Usman]

[Text] More than a thousand members of the Muslim Students Society (MSS). of
the Bayero University Kano yesterday staged a peaceful demonstration on the

campus protesting against the setting up of a committee to examine Nigeria's
membership of the Organisation of Islamic Conference (OIC). :

The students abandoned their lectures and took to the streets in the university
chanting various Islamic songs.

Some of the placards carried by the demonstrators read "OIC/Nigeria must stay"
"tslamic affairs for Muslims alone," "We join OIC forever", "We want Shari'a
in the South," and "Enrol Nigeria into the OIC, immediately".

Secretary of the society, Malam Abubakar Ali-Agan in a speech said the society
wanted the Armed Forces Ruling Council (AFRC) to know that muslims would
resist any attempt to withdraw Nigeria from the OIC because Nigeria was also
represented at the Vatican.

malam Abubakar said Muslims for quite a long time had been silent on issues
that had practical implications on their socio-religious life due to the
so-called secular nature of the country and in the name of peace and tran-
quility. :

He said when the Pope was invited to the country during the Second Republic
at the expense of public treasury, Muslims did not challenge the visit
because of the accommodating principles of Islam. ‘

He said the society strongly demanded Friday to be declared as work-free day
instead of Saturday, adding that the changes should take place peacefully.

The secretary warned the Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN) and its
sympathisers to desist from making any further provocative comments on the
Shari'a debate. ‘

‘The MSS said Muslims regarded such issues a matter of life and death, and said
the debate itself was uncalled for and unnecessary since Shari'a was a right
to the muslims and not a privilege.

/12828
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