profiteers. They are also leaving no stone unturned to promote harmonious
production and to imporve the management of national affairs, but these efforts
will be in vain if the Malagasy people do not contribute their part and work
hand in hand with the revolutionary authorities. In short, the president
stated, what we are asking of the Malagasy people is to give us the constant
support that will enable us to foil the evil maneuvers of the enemies of the
revolution. Furthermore, he said, everyone should do everything to prevent
the sordid activities of profiteers of all kinds, who enrich themselves to the
detriment of their brothers [words indistinct].

We expect a radical change of attitude by everyone, the head of state continued,
[words indistinct]. President Ratsiraka noted that certain people's attitude
is getting worse. Every responsible citizen and every good revolutionary
should never be content with [words indistinct], but should rather (?initiate)
actions to help foil any attempts at sabotage and to encourage productivity in
all fields.

President Ratsiraka indicated that the revolutionary authorities are undertaking
reorganizations in several fields and called for patriotism on the part of
every citizen. He asked for suggestions and proposals in order to keep the
revolution on the right path. We shall welcome with joy and pleasure your
proposals and advice, which will help us reorganize our national affairs. We
have to be united and to sacrifice ourselves for the success of the revolution,
the Malagsy head of state stressed, adding that if everybody fully assumes

his duty and responsibilities the revolution will grow [word indistinct].

President Ratsiraka also expressed the hope that his compatriots will always
strive to improve their lot and wished them success, especially those who have
been unfortunate and the sick. Mr Ratsiraka said he shared their misfortune

and wished them courage saying that it is through perserverance that one can
overcome one's difficulties. His closing words of the night were: a productive,
socialist and [word indistinct] Madagascar.

cso: 3419/370

13



SENEGAL

‘AFP' REPORT ON ABDOU DIOUF NEW YEAR MESSAGE
AB030650 Paris AFP in French 0805 GMT 1 Jan 83

[Text] Dakar, 1 Jan (AFP)~-Senegal's forthcoming February 1983 parliamentary
and presidential elections as well as African issues, particularly the OAU
crisis, constituted the two main themes of Senegalese head of state Abdou
Diouf's new year message to the nation on Friday evening.

For President Diouf, the forthcoming elections (the first in which candi-
dates from several political parties will take part) should reflect
democracy, sincerity and serenity." He added: "As head of state and
custodian of the constitution, this evening, I would like to solemnly give
the assurance that all steps will be taken to ensure that the elections
take place in conformity with the law and regulations."

The Senegalese head of state further declared that it is his "duty to
ensure respect not only for law and order but also for territorial
integrity." I will therefore not tolerate any attempt against the terri-
torial integrity and the unity of our people. I will be intransigent and
firm whenever it comes to defending the national stability, he said in
substance.

President Diouf was referring to the events that occurred last Sunday in
Ziguinchor, the main town of Casamance (southern province of Senegal)
where hundreds of demonstrators demanded the province's independence but
were restrained by law enforcement agents.

On the economic level, the Senegalese head of state indicated that the
medium-term plan for economic and financial recovery established in Senegal
has begun to bear fruits "thanks to a sound and strict austerity policy and
to international solidarity."

Abdou Diouf also referred to the crisis within the OAU which "is dead-
locked because of non-compliance with the rules of procedure and the basic
ethics which states should follow," he said.

The Senegalese head of state once again lashed out at all those who deny

President Hissein Habre's government the right to represent the Chadian
state. He felt that Habre was the only person who held real power.

34



RWANDA

UGANDAN REFUGEES ENTERING RWANDA
Brussels LE SOIR in French 25 Nov 82 p 3

[Krticle by Etienne Ugeux: "President Habyarimana: Out of 43,000 Refugees
Entering Rwanda, Only 6,000 Are from Rwanda/

(Text7 General Habyarimana, president of the Republic of Rwanda, is visiting
Brussels. We met him at the Chateau du Stuyvenberg. Before discussing with us
the serious problem of refugees coming from Uganda he spoke to us about the
purposes of his trip to Belgium.

He said: "This is a working visit which has made it possible for me to have
discussions with the Belgian government and to review the program which we
approved for our cooperation at the time of the meeting of the Mixed Commis-
sion, which was held in 1979. This program was re-evaluated in March, 1982.
I wanted to be sure that the measures decided on were being implemented. We
noted that certain things are going well but that others, unfortunately,
needed a fresh start. And we agreed on actions to be taken with Mrs Mayence,
secretary of state for cooperation, particularly concerning those projects
which are meeting with difficulties. These involve matters affecting rural
development, the essential object of our five-year plan. I also met President
Thorn and Edgar Pisani at the EEC. We were particularly appreciative of the
fact that Rwanda was chosen, together with Mali, Kenya, and Zambia, to re-
ceive particular attention for the adoption of a strategy of good self-
sufficiency."

Asked if he and his Belgian hosts had discussed refugees, General Habyarimana
replied: "We described the present situation. Since 2 October a large num-
ber of refugees from Uganda, sometimes at the rate of 5,000 per day, have
entered Rwanda. I sent a mission to Kampala to make contact with the Ugandan
government in order to halt this flow of refugees. This mission did not lead
to any satisfactory results. I took advantage of my travel through Arusha to
meet the vice-president of Uganda, as President Obote was ill. I arranged
with him that our two countries would each establish a special committee to
take the necessary measures for the solution of this problem.

"The two committees met at Gabiro. Full agreement was not reached, but Uganda

nevertheless took action to halt the flow of refugees, whose total number at
present is about 43,000. However, the Ugandans were not in agreement on the

30



ZAMBIA

SHESHEKE MP URGES GOVERNMENT TO REHABILITATE SESHEKE DISTRICT
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 20 Dec 82 p 2

[Text] 'SESHEKE Member 6f Parliament Mr Yusiku, Muke-
labai has urged the Party and its Government to
rehabilitate Sesheke district after the 1978 racist
South African raids which disturbed normal life in
the area. . ;

Up to now landmines have not been cleared in some
places while some buildings destroyed in the bombings
have not been repaired.

Mr Mukelabai was speaking in Livingstone at the weekend after
his tour of Sesheke cistrici.

“Surprisingly enough now that there are no more shootings or
disturbances from South Africa, the Party and its Government
seems reluctant to do anything to normalise life in Sesheke

“Buildings destroyed m~

1978 still stand unrepaired.
These include schools at
Imusho and Newezi. Infact life
in these two areas is ‘not
‘back to normal.”

He suggested that during
the next Western Province
capital estimates three-quart-
ers of the funds should be
spent on reshaping Sesheke.

Modern politics should be
on-.development and that
when conferences were made
‘to discuss development, these
‘should not be mere talking
‘shops ‘‘because action speaks
louder than words ’’..

2. On_ the. reconstruction of
Nakatindi road, Mr Muke-
labai commended the Minister
of Works and Supply Mr
Haswell Mwale for releasing
K200,000 for the project.

“This is a good gesture by
‘the Government but 1’ don’t

3400/516

‘want people to align 'this with
‘political promises, more so
“that elections are near,”’ said
Mr Mukelabai.

“ He. also appealed to the

“minister to look’ into repair
¢work of civil servants’ houses
‘at Katimamulilo belonging to
jimmigration. and customs
idepartments which = were
Ydestroyed during the 1978
' shootings.

¢ The MP called on the Gov-
fernment to seriously consider
‘the reopening of. Sesheke
Lairstrip to boost contacts with
utlying districts.

85



SIERRA LEONE

REOPENING OF MARAMPA IRON ORE MINES REPORTED
Austrian Cooperation
Freetown DAILY MAIL in English 6 Dec 82 pp 1, 7
[Text] The first shipment of 65,000 tons of iron ore from the re-activated

Marampa Mines will be made in the new year. The iron ore has already been
sold.

The Marampa Iron Ore Mining Company hopes to export viable quantity of ore
annually with a target of one million tons by December next year.

The re-activated mines will be officially opened by President Siaka Stevens
on Friday.

Professor Abdul Hakim Khanu told a press briefing at Company's Delco House
headquarters that the reactivation of the mines was national operation.

The company has a share capital of 22 million Leones, six million in local
currency and forms the equity participation of the Sierra Leone government.

He said the Marampa ore is one of the best grades in the world, with a blended
iron content of tailings and primary ore of 65 per cent pure ore.

The managing Director said that the international market demand for Sierra
Leone's iron ore even before this first shipment has been very competitive
and that European and Japanese steel industries have started turning to Sierra
Leone for their iron ore requirements.

Professor Khanu said he was very grateful to the Austrian government and Aus-
tro-Minerals in particular for re-activating the mines in record time under
very favourable terms.

Expansion Planned
Freetown DAILY MAIL in English 13 Dec 82 pp 1, 11
[Excerpts] The Marampa Iron Ore Mines was officially re-opened in grand style

last Friday after a seven-year period during which for the best part, the
mines remained fallow.

39



STUDENT LEADERSHIP DENOUNCED FOR ACTIVISM
Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 13 Dec 82 p 2
(Editorial: "Their True Colours..."]

[Text]
mpHE chatienge to the anti-govemment students.
from their own fellow students and workers of!
the universities ts unprecedented. In the past,
students used to speak with one voice on-national
issues. This used to be the outcome of many days,
#f not weeks, of deliberations In which the whole
student body was: invited to. participate. After the
deliberations, votes were taken on the retevant
issues students’ of the nation’s welfare,
Unfortunately, however, this system'has eluded -
the current feadership of the NUGS. mone
1 ..The procedures that have been foltowed by"
the present NUGS feadership show’ a tendency of
the. leadership: to take ts own position on. vital:
issues and then use fies, Intrigue, and lobbying to
get students to accept decisions without a chance
to first analyse the substance of the decisions to
Jmow the truth. - . 2
. A few months ago, the NUGS _ executive
decided to hold forums at the varsity campuses
where the executive recommended to the students:
to take a confrontationist stand against the PNDC
‘on the Issue of the 2-year National Service Sche-
me, even though the executive Is fully aware that
the 2-year scheme was openly debated by the 3rd.
Republic Parliament, which daly passed the
necessary Act. - 7 .

‘Moverver, some members of the present
NUGS feadershtp, who belonged to student
church unions, were the very people who made

tations to Parllamentariens to press for
the adoption of the scheme. So when. as NUGS
executives they now tried to.tum students against
the scheme, some students drew their attention
to the rote they themselves had played to bring
the scheme about. Thus exposed, the executive
drew back. me ;

GHANA



Kaunda did not attend, nor did Sekou Toure. Tanzania, Mozambique and Angola
were represented by deputy ministers. In short, the "bride" did not turn-out
to be as pretty as they would have had us believe, while members of the franc
zone and beneficiaries of the Aid and Cooperation Fund (FAC) note that they
no longer have their own organization for settling their affairs and express—
ing themselves collectively. Moreover, the only plenary session that took
place -- behind close doors, although details were naturally quickly made
public -- was quite pitiful, with Mobutu trying in vain to get both sides to
express themselves.

Only President Abdallah brought up the problems of Mayotte and President Bongo
replied sharply -- after Mitterrand virtuously took shelter behind the French
Constitution -- that he remained the president of an OAU commission in charge
of resolving the question, but whose existence everyone had forgotten. Under
such conditions, how could one settle the conflict between Bamako and Ouaga-
dougou preventing the reinsertion of Mali into the franc zone through the UMOA
{West African Monetary Union]?. And yet, this is the very type of problem that
should be of interest to the French-African conference, as Jean-Pierre Cot
was well aware. But after the recent visit to the Elysee Palace by President
Moussa Traore, it would appear that only the International Court in The Hague
is empowered to rule. “In other words, realignment of the Malian’ franc: is

put off indefinitely and the deficit in the operating account which Bamako

has in the Bank of France will easily go beyond the 2-billion mark in heavy
francs.

And yet, except for Upper Volta, most West African delegations are enchanted,
which just goes to show that the grousers are not always right when they demand
something more concrete and a.little more clarity. Actually, Moussa Traore

is fully satisfied with the status quo (the social effect of a change in
parity would be severe) and as for his regional partners, they are delighted
that France -- and not the. UMOA -- should. continue to carry the load.

Nevertheless, Francois Mitterrand and his advisers were struck by the incon-
sistency of the work done. and privately say so. The president of France.is,
as he constantly states, very sensitive to the singular nature of the bonds
linking France to.Africa. The tight political world of Paris clearly per-
ceived this when he opposed the vast Third World ambitions of his minister-
delegate for cooperation and development and when he refused, in July, to
sign orders confirming the expansion of his prerogatives. Ratified only by
Mauroy, they will expire when the latter leaves Matignon. And yet, Mitterrand,
who never misses a chance to magnify what he calls the "hard core" or the
“central core" of cooperation -- French-speaking Africa -- does not go so far
as to share the dream of a former head of the Quai d'Orsay who ‘hoped that
during its annual meetings, "France would be a black’ among blacks, an African
among Africans."

Mitterrand visibly believes that a safe distance is the best guarantee of a
lasting partnership. He was both flattered and embarrassed by the excessive
praises of Mobutu, to ‘pass for the organizer of an ersatz pan-African confer-
ence, to note that among the villas in the OAU compound (he himself was

put up at the Marble Palace), there was some relief at the idea of a refusal
from Tripoli, one more stone in Claude Cheysson's garden.

67



MAURITIAN DECISION WILL NOT IMPEDE S.A. TOURISM, SAYS OFFICIAL

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Dec 82 p 10

[Article by Marilyn Cohen]

[Text]

JUTH Africa's -tourist
with Mauritius will
{mot be affected by Mauri-
tius shedding its commer-
cial ties with this country,
IMr Brian MacMahon,
jmanaging director for the
Hocal agency of one of the
biggest hotel groups on
{ the island, said yesterday.
| He was commenting on
‘a statement made by the
‘Prime Minister of Mauri- :
‘tus, Mr Aneerood Jug-
nauth, that his country
wanted to shed its com-
(mercial ties with SA and
turn to India in both trade
{and foreign policy.
\ Mr Jugnauth is also
‘seeking closer links with
‘Russia.
Mr MacMahon‘ said

‘even the previous Mauri-
‘tian government which

in power before Mr
Juignauth’s socialist gov-

fernment took over, had
| spoken of lessening its de-

{pendence on South Afri-

§

“{t is unhealthy for any
country to rely on a high

cso: 3400/501

{percentage of its tourists,
‘for example, coming from
one area. If that source of
tourists suddenly had to
«stop for whatever reason,
the country’s economy
could be badly affected.

“At present, 30 percent

lof tourists te. Mauritius
tare. South African. All
that the government
probably wants to do is to
spread its tourist trade
around a little more even-
ly,” he said.

This, however, did not
mean Mauritius did not
want South African tour-
ists. At a recent tourism
conference held in Mauri-
tius, after the socialist
government came to po-
wer, the Minister of Tou-
rism had remarked how
“surprised and touched”
he was at the size of the
South African delegation,
Mr MacMahon said. The
delegation had been as-

49

sured that South’ African
tourists were welcome on
theisland.

He added that Mauriti-
us was aware that the Sey-
chelles was trying to re-
vive its South African
tourist market and for
that reason Mauritius
would probably increase
its marketing campaigns
here.

South African bookings
to Mauritius had dropped
slightly in the past year,
Mr MacMahon said, but
he attributed this to a
general travel trend
brought on by the econ-
omic situation, he said.

SOUTH AFRICA



“he did’ whet he started

with the local. rubber

company 31 years ago.
There has been no

focThe Bonipamp nas
' been ona fouryday weelt:
, but they are-now back to
ithe normal five days,
‘albeit with reduced
f working hours and pay.
“People have lost
stheir jobs. here and
fMany are going-.to be
‘told on Friday: net<to
jeome back. I may “be
jone of them. So you can
the little money Ii
‘have I must keep,” he
says.
© He is talking and
‘walking fast and T have
to jog to keep pace. '
; “I have five children
‘at school and I want
them to have a good edu-
‘cation. I don’t want
‘them to suffer like me.
"My eldest son is doing
imatric next year and if
“he passes I want him to
igo to. university. He’s
been good. And if I
‘keep giving my money
sto this man I won't be
gable to do all these
ings.”
> Since the boycott
‘Started, he has spent no
‘time with his family.
‘Wheff I come home
in the evening I éat;
‘wash and go to bed.
:And I leave early in the
»mMorning when every-
pbody is still in bed.

His employer does’
phot provide his workers
With transport or buy,
“them tickets.

cso: 3400/501

Y The people have been
; walking for more than a
month now and the boy-
‘cott has obviously taken
“its toll but their enthu-
“siasm shows no sign of
flagging. They walk on
determinedly and what
‘the boycott has suc-
;ceeded in doing is to gal-
;vanise. their spirit and
unify them.

! They walk singly and
:in groups and there are
the fortunate ones. who
Tide- past on bicycles,
Some of them so rusty
they must have been re-
trieved from the gutter.

‘Soil, een more for

, Speed, intent.on making
“a killing before the sun
ises. The majority of
iwalkers are old women
hand as the empty bus
}Tattles past, they wave

excitedly, butt in
:with a joke or two.
{They're not angry, just
- determined.

Cae ued

Conversation is laced
; with humour — biting,
‘bitter and sweet. Some
yeven jove as they walk
fjust_to-prove they are
+ not broken.

The only subject on

everybody’s. mind dur-
| ing the walk is the boy-
‘cott. They. are walking,
they tell one, to show
sthey don’t beg any-
jbody’s buses, to show
“the man’s buses are not
Aindispensible.

, The message is clear.
“The walkers have ‘an axe
‘to grind with the bus

‘company. The fare in-
Serease was only the

47

i

spark, ~~

\ “New he’ know who

we are. We want a new
operator here,” ‘says
Mrs Irene Zuma_as she

= prances in front of us.

They complain about
drivers who beat up pas-
sengers and about being

» packed like ‘sardines in
‘the buses. They are

skick and tired of the
whole operation, they
say.

A meeting will ‘be
held this morning at
Mpophomeni to discuss

‘the boycott but many

residents. say they will
vote against resuming

“the service.

“I don’t see we can go
back to the buses,” says
hostel dweller Wilson
Madlala. “Nothing has

échanged. We ‘have said
we can’t afford the fare.;

We still can’t afford it.”

Mr Benjamin Ndlovu,.

“rman of the Mpopho-

meni Town Council,
cannot say what the
people will decide to-
day.

He blames the bus
company for the lack of.

commuters. which, he.
says, led to the boycott.

“The company is. re-
sponsible for this. They
just went ahead with the
fare increase without
consulting the poeple.
Now the people have
spoken,” he says.

The local chamber of.
commerce convened a
meeting this week which

. was attended by

representatives of all
parties involved in the
dispute, including the
KwaZulu Government.
It was chaired by Mr
Ralph Hardinghma, MP
for Mooi River. Mr Har-
dingham said there was
a chance .the boycott
could be “terminated.”

Mr Bdlovu said the
chamber convened the
meeting because it was
worried people were‘no:
longer buying many
goods as they had to
spend so much time
walking to and from
work.

A spokesman for the
bus company refused to
comment, saying only
Mr Hardingham could
ddso.



SOUTH AFRICA

ECONOMIC PROSPECTS FOR 1983 DISCUSSED
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Dec 82 p 11
[Article by Dan Marais]

[Text]

“just how tough he really
‘was.

‘the past year — as well
.as the coming — would
‘have to. be regarded by
the community as-one of

privat

}to be careful not. to. dis-
Sturb the balance between
ieertain categories of la-

=man would continue to be
itally:. important in the
lew Year, hesaid.- © -
The Minister of Agri-
‘eulture and Fisheries; Mr
53. J G Wentzel, has mean-
baba aie coun-

i show their

The country’s economy
‘bod shown in thé past it

‘fs eas and to show ers have the ability to sup-
“once agaitf they could sur~: ply these needs,” he said.
° : ppesrite South ‘Afica
‘being relatively poor. in
“natural” resources, ‘it was
sthe subcontinent’s major
!food-producing - country
‘and the farmer had a duty:
“not only. to his own!
‘people but to the’ Hungry
people of
cso: 3400/510 peat Wonca.

53



SOUTH AFRICA

OPPOSITION LEADER ON REFORMS, ALTERNATIVES
MB020832 Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 2 Jan 82 p 14

[From an article by Frederick Van Zyl Slabbert, leader of the Progressive
Federal Party entitled: "The Pitfalls, the Problems and the Prospects of
Reform"]

[Excerpts] There is only one overriding and central issue of concern in the
socio-economic and political situation in South Africa: The quality and
pattern of black-white co-existence.

Any reform at any level which ignores this fundamental fact, simply wastes
precious time and energy.

--Reform must not undermine the right of citizenship of any one South African-—
white, black, coloured or Asian--in relation to another.

--Reform must not exclude any group from the process of constitutional bar-
gaining on racial or ethnic grounds.

--Reform must not place or maintain any racially discriminatory measures in
the way of a black, coloured, Asian or white person's economic progress or
opportunities.

--Reform must not increase or maintain social deprivation among gorups in the
areas of education, welfare, housing, transport, etc~--i.e. the responsibility
of the state, in looking after the welfare of all the people, should be seen
to be non-discriminatory.

The government's proposals make it quite clear that blacks are to be excluded
from the new constitutional arrangement.

Why? Because, it is argued, they (the blacks) have historically developed
along different constitutional lines and adequate constitutional provisions
have been made for them.

The instruments to give effect to this theory are: A ruthless system of influx
control to the cities; forced removal and relocation of people to the homeland
areas, and a heroic, but so far futile, attempt at decentralising and decon-
centrating industry to these homeland areas.

57



itheir fate with whites. As long as this
{does not.happen such: acts- will. be-
icome evéri more common and the
sultimate is something too awful to
contemplate, as violence begets vio-
lence.

While this speculation is going
round, we see with interest the
analysis of responses to the Presi-
:dent’s Council released by the Hu-
man Sciences Research Council at
‘the weekend. The somewhat san-
*guine responses are another piece of
dangerous avoidance of the truth by’
those who have the power. It is said
‘now that there is a significant num-
‘ber of coloureds and Indians who
ibelieve that the Council is a step to-
wards full political participation in
‘the process.

This is the kind of self delusion
that became the norm in Zimbabwe,
when the war was beginning to be-
come serious. A most tragic delu-
sion.

cso: 3400/501

45



FORMATION OF DAMARA ADMINISTRATION GOING AHEAD DESPITE BOYCOTT

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English

[Text]! a NEW Damara Ad-
uministration will be
formed in spite of a
;Damara-DTA boycott
of the opening ceremony
tomorrow and the sit-
tings of the Legislative
Assembly.

The AG's officially
authorised _ representative
responsible for the Damara
‘Administration comi-
;mented yesterday after-

joon on .a weekend
Damara-DTA __ congress
idecision to disregard the
tinauguration ceremony of
ithe Legislative Assembly in
‘Khorixas.

The Damara-DTA two
‘weeks ago lost the ethnic
election for a new Damara
Legislative Assembly
against the former ruling
Damara Council, now
holding 24 seats to the 16
‘of the Damara-DTA.

Announcing the ' deci-
sions of his party’s con-
gress this weekend,
member of the Ministers’
Council Engelhard Christy

‘told newsmen in Windhoek
“yesterday that the
Damara-DTA:

@ Finally rejects the in-
,auguration of the new
Legislative Assembly.

@ Calls for the transfer
of all powers -of the
Damara Administration to

cso: 3400/514

the Central Government.
@ And also calls on SA
and the Western Five to

hasten independence elec-
Hons in terms of the UN,
Resolution 435.

Deputy party leader
Max Haraseb said at the
same new conference it
was improper for an elec-
tion to be held before the
public release of the
findings of the Government
investigation into the

Damara Council’s ad-
ministration’ of public
funds.

soWe will sit quietly on

the sidelines with our peo- *

ple”,.Mr Haraseb said.

The Damara-DTA con-
gress, which was attended
by 250 delegates
representing 30 branches,
decided it would not allow
the party’s members to be
sworn in by Fred Visagie
who will officiate at the in-
augural ceremony tomor-
row.

The - Damara-DTA
wanted nothing to do with

‘an ethnic Administration,
lhe added.

- Asked why the Damara-
‘DTA participated in the

election, Mr . Haraseb
‘claimed that the AG Mr
Danie - Hough, had

forced” its participation.
“We had no choice, we

jhad to participate”.

§ He went on: “At no

17

14 Dec 82 pp 1, 3

[stage were we asked if we
twant-an election.”
| He believed the Damara
‘Council used a lot more
than the R3 000 the party
claimed to have its disposal
for the elction, Mr Haraseb
said. He declined to say by
how much the DTA had
funded the Damara-DTA.
Mr Christy concluded
by saying “we lost the elec-
tion for the sake of wanting
the Whites to remain here.
We were labelled Boers”.
Mr Haraseb said the
‘Damara-DTA _ congress
would have made the same
decisions had the party
won the election.

NAMIBIA



"As far as the problem of legitimacy is concerned," he added, "it would
be interfering in the internal affairs of Chad if that were raised. What
would happen to the OAU if we were to check on how some head of state or
other came to power?"

On the Western Sahara, President Abdou Diouf said he was in favor of the
application of the Nairobi resolution which, among other things, called
for a referendum.

To conclude, the Senegalese president spoke of the setting up of the
institutions of Senegambia, a confederation created a year ago between
Senegal and Gambia. "In a few days, the first meetings of the confederal
institutions will be held in Dakar. Senegambia is already an entity,"
said the Senegalese president who is also president of Senegambia.

cso: 3419/371

35



ZAIRE

BEHIND-THE-SCENES LOOK AT ‘KINSHASA SUMMIT’
Dakar AFRICA in French No 145, Nov 82 pp 17-18
[Article by Pierre Haski and Jean-Marc Kalfleche: "Half Success, Half Failure"]

[Text] The ninth French-African summit conference that came
to a close on 9 October in Kinshasa was an undeniable success,
prestigewise, even if it did not achieve all the objectives
that might have been expected of it. Nineteen chiefs of state
were present and seventeen other nations were represented by
ministers. The conference was followed by over 200 newsmen,
who daily informed their readers and listeners of how work was
progressing. And yet, AFRICA tells more. It asked two parti-
cularly well-known French colleagues, of different political
views: Pierre Haski (LIBERATION) and Jean-Marc Kalfleche

(LE QUOTIDIEN DE PARIS), to tell us about that other Kinshasa
summit conference, the one that took place in the corridors.

One can look at the French-African conference in Kinshasa in two ways. There
are those -- few in number, one must admit -- who would maintain that it was
a great success, or at least the best one could have expected. Others sulk
and speak of something fit for the cats, referring to’ the final communique
which, it is true, ¢ontains little of a substantive nature. Let us try to
define the arguments on both sides before taking a position.

Those one might call the optimists express satisfaction with the large number
of participants, the OAU tint of the meeting held in the Zairian capital, the
extremely relaxed nature of contacts made, the affirmation of the informality
of the French-African conference, which enabled Mobutu to demonstrate his
virtuosity and Mitterrand to accept directly, ona purely bilateral level,
the solemn and somewhat grandiloquent enthronement (by Mobutu) of now Chief
of State Hissein Habre.

All of this is perfectly acceptable, but the opposing arguments are equally
convincing.

The grousers, as De Gaulle would have called them, worry about the extreme

openness of a "club" that was originally exclusively French-speaking. They
sneer at the very mediocre level of representation of the new members:

66



Opposition Wants Single Presidential Candidate

(AFP, 24 Dec 82)...... cece cece ecereeeeeces ec cccenens eoeee
"AFP" Report on Abdou Diouf New Year Message
(AFP, 1 Jan 83)..eeeeeeeeeeeees ve ccnsece eeeeeeeeve eoeccee
SEYCHELLES
Briefs
1983 Budget Presented to Parliament
SIERRA LEONE

Government on Availability of Petroleum Products
(Freetown Domestic Service, 31 Dec 82)....ssseeeeeeeceees

Reopening of Marampa Iron Ore Mines Reported
(DAILY MAIL, 6, 13 Dec 82)...

Austrian Cooperation
Expansion Planned

SOUTH AFRICA

Erab Decision To Bar Bishop Nkoane Hit
(Editorial; SOWETAN, 21 Dec 82)........-- we cceees ececees

Erab To Back Housing for Kwa-Vezi People
(SOWETAN, 20 Dec 82)....... ee cec eee eeenecece eee neneee

Commentary on Release of SASO, BPC Detainees, Killing of
Hlapane
(Editorial; SOWETAN, 20 Dec 82)....ssceecceeeessceeceeee

Progress of Bus Boycott Campaign Described
(SOWETAN, 20 Dec 82) ...seecccccccccccccceccscsececereses

New Avenue Opens for Black Investors
(Don Wilkinson; THE CITIZEN, 22 Dec 82)....-+s+eeeeeeeee

Mauritian Decision Will Not Impede S.A. Tourism, Says

Official
(Marilyn Cohen; THE CITIZEN, 22 Dec B2) ccc eeeee a ccccccne

Exoneration of Police in Aggett Death Hit
(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 22 Dec 2) i

Import Fall Widens Trade Surplus
(Daan de Kock; THE CITIZEN, 24 Dec B2) ccc cccceceee eaceee

33

34

36

37

39

4L

43

44

46

48

49

50

52



ZAIRE

BELGIAN AID PROGRAM: VISIT OF CABINET MINISTER
Brussels LE SOIR in French 24-26 Nov 82

[24 Nov 82 p 3/

[Eext7 The secretary of state for cooperation, Mrs Jacqueline Mayence-Goosens,
had expressed a wish to see the "back country" of Zaire. A marathon program
had been prepared for her, which was to take her (in 3 days) from the capital
to see things "on the ground," that is, in Kolwezi, Lubumbashi, Kalemie,
Bukavu, Kindu, and Kikwit. In short, a staggering program which would have
knocked out even "the woman of iron."

Unfortunately, (others thought it was fortunate) the C-130 aircraft belonging
to the Belgian military cooperation mission which was to make this trip wore
out earlier than expected. Already at the Ndjili airport a tire on the land-
ing gear was giving trouble, and the large aircraft took off 2 hours late,
which did not make our ambassador, Jean-Paul van Bellinghen, particularly
happy. At Kolwezi, 3 hours later, the aircraft really broke‘down. The
brakes were smoking when we landed’ After the visit to the GECAMINES company
(General Quarries and Mines Company/, they tried to take off, but it was too
risky with the Hercules C-130, which was carrying 20 tons of cargo. Further-
more, there was a cabinet minister on board. A helicopter was offered to
Mrs Mayence, but she preferred the small GECAMINES jet, which took her and
her immediate party to Lubumbashi, while the other people accompanying her
went to the copper capital by automobile, over a frequently bumpy, 300
kilometer-long road.

All of that goes to explain why our secretary of state was a little disap-
pointed at only visiting Kinshasa and Lubumbashi, required stops for Belgian
cabinet ministers visiting Zaire.

However, "Aunt Jacqueline," as she called herself not without humor at a
press conference on her return to Belgium, was still able to see some typical
aspects of the rural areas near the cities, traveling with Doctors Ruppol and
Lamboray. She traveled 25 kilometers from the center of the capital to a
section of Kikimi Commune, on the very edge of the metropolitan area. This is
a dormitory suburb of 80,000 people who for the most part live in poor and
often unfinished homes which they build over a period of time, brick by brick,
when they have a few Zaires saved up (and this is rather infrequently).

69



In view of all the foregoing, there might be a number of surprises in 1983 at
the 10th French-African summit conference. While wishing for a continuation
of the informal nature of this:type of conference, the French chief of state
is privately pained by the profound disruption of the plenary sessions and
would basically hope for restoration of an agenda, although scorning the
"Poli. Sci. seminar" type didactic practices of Giscard d'Estaing and his
ministers.

Mitterrand would try to limit: the number of participants or perhaps have a
"two-speed" conference: first’ of all the "central core," followed by all the
others. In this connection, one must note*that France and Zaire casually
blame one another fdr the "expansion" that has turned out to be stifling.

"I invitied all participants to the 8th summit," Mobutu says, "then #11 my
neighbors. Since Zaire had eight, it was a large number and the Quai d'Orsay
asked me to ask everyone except South Africa. They were afraid in Paris that
some might feel left out." The Quai d'Orsay is now afraid that Qadhdhafi
may be very annoyed over what. is shaping up im Chad.

The balance sheet of the Kinshasa conference?

1 -- Mobutu is reassured.: France will not go beyond its current aid, but it
will not reduce it either.

2 -- Not only has Habre been enthroned, but.he now has the support of Lagos _
(his talks with Audu, minister of foreign affairs, permitted this).

3 -- Mitterrand is increasingly convinced of the singular nature of French-
African bonds and ofthe need to preserve their privileged status.

11,464
csO: 3419/331

68



The project agreement, which was signed by Mrs Mayence, provides 21 million
Belgian Francs, to be spent over 4 years, for the construction of the
essential health structure necessary for the survival of the people. They
also told us that an expenditure of $3 to $4 per head would be enough to
almost completely suppress serious illness among children.

It is on the ground that you realize the effectiveness of small projects,
Just the installation of pipes distributing safe drinking water would save
hundreds of lives.

225 nov 82 p 3]

[Text] The Allouette-3 helicopter belonging to GECAMINES /General Quarries
and Mines Company/ rises, with its nose down, into. a threatening sky, where
a storm is already rumbling. The sky is heavily overcast, and there are
brilliant shafts of lightning. Fortunately, we set our course in another
direction, leaving Kolwezi for Lubumbashi.

During our brief stop at Kolwezi, this garden city, once so joyful and
animated, looks very sad now. The lovely villas under the bougainvillea
bushes now house no more than 600 expatriates, although the city and its
vicinity have more than 300,000 inhabitants. The whites, and no doubt many

of the blacks.also, recall the rebel attack at Easter in 1978. It is now
known that the attack caused more than’ 1,500 dead among the indigenous people,
not to mention 92 Europeans. And for those who lived at the time in this
nightmare city inhabited by corpses, Kilwezi will never again be what it was.
Moreover, the expatriates no longer settle down here. They just camp here with
their bags packed.

We thought of all of this as the Allouette helicopter flew over the country-
side--more precisely, a forest which stretched out of sight. The trees looked
like sprigs of parsley. It was only after we passed Likasi and flew over the
GECAMINES installation.and its smoking chimneys that we flew over the villages
and many red termite hills.

Then the ground became progressively gray in color. This is alluvial land
favorable for agriculture. Over hundreds of hectares tractors make infinite
and regular lines. We flew low and slow over the huge ground of the "Center
for the Implementation of Social and Economic Programs," better known under
the title CEPSE, of which the Fund for Indigenous Welfare was the predecéssony

With the support of GECAMINES the CEPSE has undertaken a three-year project
involving the production of 35,000 tons of corn which will provide about 50
percent of the requirements of the company workers, The objective was
initially more ambitious, for the purpose at first was to end completely the
imports of corn from Zambia and Zimbabwe by 1986.

In the Shaba region the GECAMINES company has always been something of a
state within a state, as was its predecessor, the Union Miniere du Haut
Katanga /Jnion Mining Company of the Upper Katanga Region/. It remains one
of the largest producers of copper in the world, but it is encountering some

71



NIGERIA

BRIEFS

APPEAL TO UNIONS--The minister of labour and productivity, Mr. Emmanual Osa-
more, has appealed to labour unions in the country to influence their members
for higher productivity and to forster good relationship with their employers
instead of purusing personal interests. In a message to the second dele-
gates' conference of Banks, Insurance and Financial Institutions Employees,

Mr. Osamor appealed to labour unions to make useful suggestions that would help
the government to minimise the impact of the current world-wide economic de-
pression. He described the conference as the best forum for the examination
of labour issues. Mr. Osamor added that a meeting of the newly-reconstituted
National labour advisory council would soon be convened to revise the country's
labour laws in line with the constitution. [Text] [Calabar THE NIGERIAN CALL
in English 1-2 Dec 82 p 14]

GDP DROPS--The country's gross domestic product (GDP) declined from 432,173
million to 429,815 million between 1979 and 1982 at 1977/78 constant prices

the minister of national planning, Mrs Adenike Oyagbola said recently in

Lagos. The minister who was briefing newsmen on the activities of her ministry,
noted that this drop was caused by the poor performance of the petroleum sec-
tor whose contribution to GDP fell from N7,513 million in 1979 to 83,984
million in 1981. The GDP measures the value of the goods and services produced
in a country in a year. She said that because this sector accounted for 80
per cent of government revenue and foreign exchange earning, government ex-
penditures on development had been adversely affected. The performance of

the private sector, she noted, had also been adversely affected. The minis-
ter, however, stressed that despite the economic problems, the federal govern-
ment had vigorously pursued key projects, some of which have been completed.
The projects, she said, include the steel projects, petro-chemical projects,
the green revolution and the development of the federal capital. [Text]
[Calabar THE NIGERIAN CALL in English 1-2 Dec 82 p 14]

LAW REFORM URGED--The Nigerian Law Reform Committee says it is bent on reform
ing the total law system in the country. This indication was given on Monday
when members of the commission paid a courtesy call on the deputy governor

of the Cross River State, Chief (Dr) Mathias Offoboche in Calabar, Chairman

of the commission, Sir Darnley Alexander said they were in the state to study,
at first hand, various problems that affect law reforms in this part of Nigeria.
Sir Alexander also identified lack of staff as the major problem that his
committee is facing at the moment. Responding, the deputy governor requested

28



CAPRIVI LAND DISPUTE CONTINUES

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English

[Text]

cso:

MORE __inter-tribal

polemic around the
Caprivi land dispute has

emerged, this time in the
form ‘of a ‘statement by
Mr SS Mainga who ap-
pears to be a spokesman
for the Mafwe group.

In a scathing four-page
‘statement, Mr Mainga
‘Jashes out at Canu’s Direc-
tor of Information and
“Publicity Ernest Likando,
and defends the traditional
claims of Chief Richard
Mamili’s Mafwe group, as
‘opposed to Chief Joshua
Moraliswane’s — Masubia
people, of whom Mr
‘Likando is a member.

Reacting to recent local
‘press reports, Mr Mainga
saccuses Mr .Likando of
‘riding two horses at once —
‘acting as spokesman for
the Masubia and for Canu.
~ Mr Mainga accusés Mr
Likando of “dissecting the
Mafwe tribe into small
tribal quarters” and claim-
ing that the Masubia is the

iggest ‘tribe’ in’ Caprivi,
which, he says is not the
case.
3 Contrary to past claims
iby | Mr Likando, Mr
‘Mainga says Chief
Moraliswane was born in
Barotseland and Chief

3400/514

Mamili and his parents in
Caprivi. *

Addressing himself to
the Canu official, he says:
“If the Mafwe tribe have
decided to be identified as
one tribe where do you get
the authority to see them
as a cluster of small minute
different tribes?” Although
Mr Likando was once a
“freedom fighter”, that.
only does-not qualify you
to change the history of

Caprivi at the cleventh

22 Dec 82 p 3

It is also incorrect to
‘blame to the Mafwe group
for fighting for boundaries
and tribal recognition, as
Mr Likando does, ac-
cording to Mr Mainga. He
‘described this as “a distor-
tion of the true facts.”

‘ON YOUR KNEES’

Referring to the tribal
‘headquarters of the
(Masubia, the statement
says: “Chief Mamili knows
‘very clearly his place of
jurisdiction. For ‘your in-
‘formation you are at

NAMIBIA

It was Chief Mamili’s
aim to see the border line
clearly demarcated in
order to settle the dispute
permanently.

“All he wanted done is
to see this issue sealed once
and for all, to put it more
‘clearly to show people like
you Mr Likando who still

deny the existence of the
original boundary, where
the boundary is and even
any peace loving person
would like to see this issue
coming to an end so that

Hour to suit the interests Of Bujalo at the mercy of the there should be no dispute

your own ethnic group —
ithe Masubia,”"Mr Mainga
adds.

“You could not cope
with Swapo and you are
still. failing to understand
the objectives and policy of
Cano.”

SKIPPED
The statement goes on to
allege that Mr Likando
“skipped the- country” in
fear of hearing that he had.
failed a course . in
‘carpentry. Mr Mainga goes
‘on to mention that Mr
Likando has a Standard ’5

school education.

; Turning to the disputed
border demarcation
between the two so-called
itribal areas, Mr Mainga
jsays: “The ~ question
iwhether there is an original
idemarcation in Caprivi is
indisputable...”

14

Mafwe tribe. You went on
your knees and crawled on
your stomach when you
jwere asking from Chief
‘Mamili and ‘the then
magistrate to transfer your
Khuta - (headquarters) to
the present Bukalo in
11968.”

The Masubia’s claims
for more land afterwards
was foreseen by the Mafwe
leader at the time and he
‘warned against it then, Mr
Mainga says.

Today, as predicted the
|Masubia were ' claiming
|land: in addition to that
iceded at Bukalo, he added.

Mr Mainga goes on to
‘say to Mr Likando, “Your
‘own Chief Moraliswane
had demanded a border
‘between _ Mafwe and
Masubia in 1978 from the
‘honourable “Mr Mudge
chere in Windhoek in the
‘Grand Hotel.

of this kind in future.”



REASONS FOR, AGAINST USING IDENTITY CARDS ANALYZED

Calabar THE NIGERIAN CALL in English 1-2 Dec 82 p 3

NIGERTA

{Article by Ahaziah Umanah in the column: "personal Viewpoint Analysis":

"National Identity Cards--Is It Foolproof?"]

[Text] ~ Recentiy, we have been made to unders-

tand that the federal government has awarded
contract to the tune of N56.37 million to two
foreign companies — Avant Incorporated
{USA) and Oplife Corporation of Switzerland,
for the purpose of processing and producing
national identity cards for Nigerians. More
particularly, the firms are to register and issue
cards to Nigerians of age 18 and above in 1,532
areas of the country. The data obtained during
this registration exercise are to be microfilmed
and stored in a computer. The contract is to be
consumated and completed within 18 months.
On the surface, the above contract and the ex-
pected exercises are taudable.

‘THE NEED FOR NATIONAL IDENTI-
TY CARDS: Nigerians could benefit a lot
from the owning and bearing of national
identity cards as this will help very much in all
matters of social, political and economic
transactions between citizens, and between
citizens and non-citizens on the other hand.

Identity cards are useful in the day to day
exchange of goods and, information between
owners and bearers of these cards either itt
marketing, crime detection, investigation and
prevention, accident identification exercises,
fraud prevention and in general, the legi-
Jimization of socio-economic and political
transactions.

National Identity cards are very useful in
tertiary educational planning ana administra-
tion, birth projections, planning and
budgeting, normal economic planning and
projections both for short term and long term
development projections and processes.

The process of registration of identities
helps in the discriminating of potentials,

competencies, pre-occupations and occupa-
tions. Certainly, there are compelling needs
for carrying out. the contracted exercises, if
our society were to be a normal one.
However, the snag is that we are far from
being a normal society. We are certainly. ab-
normal in most circumstance, that is why we
are going to be beset with various problems
of implementation of a laudable project.
Problems of Successful Implementation: For
Nigeria and the contracting firms, there are
going to be numerous initial problems: that
will most certainly limit if normar, the s
cess of the national identification registration
exercises. These include the following: (i) in
Nigeria, birth registration is haphazzard to

existen .

This is because most child-
ren are born in homes,
churches, private maternity
homes, and least of all
hospitals. In all of these
delivery centres, non-very
poor systems of birth re-
gistration exist. Deter-
mination of ages and numbers
of births become an impossible
exercise in Nigeria, therefore the basal data
for a successful registration of national iden-
tification is at best very poor and in the main,
unexisting.

(i) If the contracting firms, are to use
register of workers,.then they are going to be
faced with the problem of ghost and unex-
ing workers, who because of the endemic
corruption of Nigeria, occupy many payroll
registers, so as to afford corrupt book
makers, the means of collecting monies from
tax payers that are due no real persons but
certainly due the greedy, the corrupt, the ex-
tortionists and white collar criminals.

20



\Noneware said a Mr Eino
Noneware had — been
“detained on October 15
iat released on November
t

He confirmed to the
‘Mail Africa Bureau that Mr
\Jafet Hausiku had ‘been
idetained on November. 10
cand released on November
(27.

He . said both “Mr
‘Noneware and Mr
‘Hausiku had been well
treated and taken back to
their homes on release.

| The press release issued
‘by. the SWATF revealed a
: further contradiction.
*There was no mention of
‘either of these detainees.
Only the- name of a
+detainee called Hausiku
Munem, who was released
on November 29, was
mentioned.

Another incident which
remains unsolved is the is-
sue of an old man, Mr
Johanthan Suse Kamina,
who - disappeared in
Kavango during June this
year.

cso: 3400/514

According to sources
Mr Kamina was allegedly
,,abducted by ‘Swapo guer-
jrillas’, ~but when their
‘tracks were followed by
people of his village they
led to the tracks of an ar-
*moured car, which disap-
‘peared in the direction of
Rundu.

2) An~ | on-the-spot —_in-
vestigation’ by the Mail
‘Africa Bureau was fruitless
rand when SWATF. was ap-
‘proached, a. - spokesman
isaid they had ng-record of
the old man.

16



the commission to look into the Land Use Act which, according to him, is at the
moment retarding progress in the state and also, the law pertaining to the le-
gal act. The chairman further said that his commission is looking into the
laws as they affect marriage, administration of criminal justice, commercial
law, law of adoption etc. He said that this is to identify defects, if any,
with a view to remedying them. The commission can also on a request by a
state government look into areas of laws as they affect the state, Sir
Alexander said. Nigerian Law Reform Committee which had already visited
seven states, has as its members Dr S. N. C. Obi, Dr E. E. J. Okereke, Dr
Ahmed Beita Yusuf, Mrs T. M. Osidero and M. T. M. Nnadi, with Sir Darnley
Alexander as its chairman. [Pat Ene] [Text] [Calabar THE NIGERIAN CALL in
English 1-2 Dec 82 p 16]

cso: 3400/512

29



GREEK FIRM EASES BERTHING PROBLEM AT PORT

Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 13 Dec 82 p 5

{Article by Douglas Akwasi, Tema]

[Text] mpwo sets of bollards for tying

cso:

igger ships .to anchor}
fwere yesterday donated to the
“Ghana Ports Authority by the
Tsakos Shipping and Trading

Company at a ceremony at the
;Tema harbour.

Receiving the gifts on behalf
of the authority, the Secretary
for Transport and Communica-
.tioris, Alhaji Mahama {ddrisu,
{said at this stage of Ghana’s
‘economic developmeat, it was
‘reassuring for the people to
know that the country enioy the
‘support and goodwill of frieudly
countries, foreign institutions
:and companies. -

. He observed that the -bol-
lards, which cost the company
10,000 pounds sterling would
go a long way to improve bevih-
ing facilities at the oil berth
and facilitate the delivery of
crude oil

‘The Secretary for Fuel .and
Power, Mr Appiah Korang, who
was, present at .. the...function,
recounted the. circumstances
that gave rise to the need for
bollards to accommodate latce
vessels at the port especially
when, early this year, Libya
donated 500,000 barrels of eru-
de oil to Ghana. ©

.He said it was. found that the
bollards at the oil berth had
been designed to accommodate
tankers measuring up to 650
feet long. -

. Thus the berthing ot modern
“super tankers” of 300 feet and

3400/517

above posed serious problems.
Miss Deborah J. Hleazer, @
representative of the company,
who presented the gifts, said
her company was happy to
improve facilities .at the port
since they were in the shipp
and transportation business and
using the: existing facilities.

11

GHANA



REAL INCOME PER CAPITA FALLS OVER PAST FEW YEARS

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 13 Dec 82 p 2

[Text] | WHILE Zambia’s popu-
‘Jation has risen yearly at
‘an annual rate of 3.1 per
\cent, the real income per
capita has fallen over the
‘past few years.

The reason for the poor per-

“formance of the economy i:
attributed to a sharp fall in

Zambia's terms of trade
with the rest of the world.

‘This observation is contained
in a technical. paper on
demographic trends and un-
employment with particular
reference to the introduction
of an all embracing social
security scheme in Zambia
prepared by the National
commission for Develop-
ment Planning which has
just been published.

‘The real Gross Domestic
Product in 1981 was only 90

[per cent of its peak level in
| 1976, the paper notes.

“The poor economy had been

¥ caused by the sudden slump
in copper prices in 1975 and
the steady annual increase
in prices of imports.

“The terms of trade index
which was 100 in 1970 stood
at 300 in 1981. This means

. that the purchasing power of

cso: 3400/516

our-imports#in 1981, which
was still ‘dominated by
copper, was reduced to less
than one third of its level in
1970," the paper explains.

The deterioration, in terms of
trade resulted in restrictions
on imports which were first
imposed in 1975. Despite
these restrictions Zambia
accumulated heavy a
ments in arrears of K410
million by end of 1981. In-
creases in the foreign debt
were also incurred.

The embargo on essential
goods such as raw mate-
rials, plant and machinery
which Zambia heavily de-
pends on for survival crip-
pled many industries and

Ited production, — con-
sumption and investment.

The effect on investment,
which is the main source of
employment, the paper
says, has been chronic since
1976. — Zana/ AFP.

83

ZAMBIA



When we arrived there, the children, surprised to see the automobiles, raced
down the streets, jumped over the ruts, springing out from everywhere,
leaping like goats, showing their white teeth in big smiles, and shouting
happily: "Mundele, mundele"" ("White people, white people"). They don't
see them very often!

When we stopped, they surrounded us. Adults joined them, and a woman, with
a great deal of dignity, said spontaneously: "We hope that you will bring
us better living conditions. We have no safe drinking water, no electricity,
no convenient access to the highway, no drains."

An old man took her place. He spoke volubly, raising his voice: "What have
you come here to do," he asked. "All of these houses under construction and
these streets—-we're the ones who have built them. If you want to do some-
thing, give us the materials and we will do it ourselves, because this is our
home."

Too often, assistance programs are not sufficiently concerned with involving
the indigenous people in the various programs. It seems that Mrs Mayence
is fortunately committed to go in the opposite direction. She frequently
said during her visit to Zaire that you have to involve the people, educate
them, and inform them.

At the archdiocesan hospital center at Kikimi (financed by the Misereor organ-
ization and constructed in part by the residents there outside of working
hours) three nuns from an Italian religious order explained the life of the
people living there. The workers leave their straw huts at 4:00 am to go to
work, often on foot, traveling as much as 15 kilometers or more. They come
home after darkness has fallen. They almost never see their children, who
are asleep by that time. They make 300 Zaires per month for a family of

six children, or 2,400 Belgian Francs, at the official rate of exchange.

Already, with the aid of a missionary, Father Georges, the area (or, rather,
the large village) has been organized into cells. This is a beginning.
Soon, sectoral committees of eight people will be set up to help the people.

The hospital center only has about 15 beds. It performs a great service,
particularly to the very large infant population (the birth rate is 50 per
thousand annually), but mortality is very high. The most common illnesses are
diarrhea, amoebic dysentery, typhoid fever, and malaria. The area has 30,000
children and adolescents. From 6,000 to 7,000 of them attend the four elemen-
tary schools. The others go elsewhere. Many of them (at least half) stay

at home. They help out there, bringing water from two nearby streams, which
is, moreover, polluted and the cause of the principal illnesses.

A particular Belgian aid project (and we are speaking of assistance at the

basic level) involves the construction of nine dispensaries which will pro-
vide medical care to the people less than two kilometers from their homes,

which will save them the need to go to the Mama Yemo "factory hospital" in
the center of Kinshasa.

70



Broederbond members in the government, in the Presidential Council and in the
Nationalist Party to oppose the proposals. Therefore, it should not be very
difficult for Mr Botha to swing the Broederbond behind the Nationalist Party in
the same manner that John Vorster used the Broederbond in 1971 for the purpose
of propagating his multi-racial sports policy and to make it acceptable.

The Broederbond's immoral actions against the Reconstituted Nationalist Party
during the 1970/72 period, on the ground of mendacious assertions that the Re-
constituted Nationalist Party congress had decided to fight against the Broeder-
bond, shows that the organization can quite possibly take actions against Con-
servative Party members in a similar manner. The present discussions between
the Reunited Nationalist Party and the Conservative Party can lead to such a
development relatively fast.

Recently Dr Andries Treurnicht, the leader of the Conservative Party, consider-
ed it necessary to give warning that if the Broederbond allows itself to be
used for the advancement of integration policy then this would bring about the
demise of that organization. This is being interpreted as an indication of the
fermenting tension between the two groups in the Broederbond.

It has become clear from discussions on this matter that there are at the moment
several approaches in this respect within the Broederbond:

There is a strong group urging that Conservative Party members should not be ex-
pelled so that the Broederbond can serve as a factor for keeping Conservative
Party and Nationalist Party people together within the organization, allowing
relations to improve and gradually using the Broederbond for bringing the two
groups closer to each other once again.

There is another group favoring the explusion of Conservative Party members and
in so doing depriving them access to Afrikaner cultural functions as speakers.

The thinking among this group is to subsequently use the Broederbond as an aid

in conducting a political struggle against the Conservative Party exactly as in
the case of the Reconstituted Nationalist Party.

There is a third group which thinks that conservative Broederbond members, who
are against the Botha policy, should now make a stand, but should not offer
serious resistance, but rather gradually look into the possibility of taking
over the Broederbond.

The problem with such an approach is that the Broederbond Administration under
Secretary Naude Botha is very accessible to Afrikaners who are allied with the
great money power. In this respect one considers people like Dr Tom Muller of
the Iron and Steel Corporation, Mr D. P. de Villiers of the Coal, Gas and Oil
Corporation, Attorney D. P. de Villiers of the National Press and others.

During the past weeks there have been rumors to the effect that Dr Anton Rupert
has either been readmitted to the Broederbond or strong efforts are being made
to get him back. In 1972 he quit the organization after previously wanting to
sever all ties, but was persuaded not to do so.

55



Comrade Dr. Ashagre stated that the relations between the two countries were
further strengthened and developed following the signing of agreements
identifying further areas of co-operation when Comrade Chairman Mengistu
Haile-Mariam, Chairman of the PMAC and of COPWE and Commander-in-Chief of the
Revolutionary Army, visited Bulgaria.

The establishment of the office of the embassy of Socialist Ethiopia a year
and half ago in Bulgaria has created conditions whereby the party, government
and people of Bulgaria would be able to have a better picture of the Ethio-
pian Revolution... The Bulgarian-Ethiopian Friendship Committee has also created
an appropriate forum in popularising and making known the Ethiopian Revolu-
tion, Comrade Dr. Ashagre said.

With the establishment of the embassy's office members of the Bulgarian branch
of REYA in Europe were able to readily acquire publications and thereby en-
hance their participation in the revolutionary process, Comrade Dr. Ashagre
said.

Comrade Dr. Ashagre also elaborated on the benefits that Socialist Ethiopia

could derive from the experiences accumulated by Bulgaria in the agricultural
sector.

cso: 3400/515



The old mystical city, weighed down by its centuries of history, and the
entire region are caught between this powerful reformist trend, led by an
elite elected as a result of the return to democracy in 1977, and the feudal
conservatism of institutions set up thanks to the holy war.

11,464
CSO: 3419/327

26



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

SASO, BPC DETAINEES RELEASED--Six former South African Students' Organisa-
tion (SASO) and Black People's Convention (BPC) trial convicts were
released from various prisons throughout the country yesterday, after they
had been sent to jail in 1976. The six are former leaders of the two
organisations and completed their sentences yesterday. They are Saths
Cooper, Dr Aubrey Nchaupe Mokoape, Mosiua Lekota, Nkwenkwe Nkomo,
Phandelani Nefolovhodwe and Muntu Mayeza. Cooper and Dr Mokoape were
released from Durban and Lekota from Welkom while Nkomo and Mayeza were
released from Leeuwkop near Johannesburg. Nefolovhodwe was released from
Louis Trichard in the Northern Transvaal. The six were jailed after the
SASO-BPC trial which started in 1975. The trial ended in 1976 when the six
were found guilty and sentenced. Muntu Mayeza yesterday spoke to the
SOWETAN at his Orlando West home and said: "We remain committed to the
struggle of the black man and our first priority is our liberation. Our
liberation can only be brought about by the force of black consciousness.
We also know that we will have to remove anything that stands in the way

of our liberation." He said they were all at Robben Island where they
served sentences until May this year, when they were moved to the Victor
Verster prison in Paarl Cape. On November 21 some were moved to the
Leeuwkop prison and some to Louis Trichardt and Durban. Kehla Mthembu,
president of the Azanian People's Organisation (Azapo), said: "We are happy
to have our people back although they had been found guilty in a very doubt-
ful system of justice." [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 21 Dec 82

p 1]

TREURNICHT ANGERED-—Durban--Monday night's "Verslag" television programme on
the National Party's constitutional proposals was a "blatant" misuse of the
medium, the leader of the Conservative Party, Dr Andries Treurnicht, said
yesterday. The programme was "one-sided" and NP newspaper editors and out-
spoken NP supporters had been used as presenters, Dr Treurnicht said from
Munster on the Natal south coast where he is on holiday. Other parties’
alternatives as well as their commentary on the proposals were suppressed
and viewers were denied the opportunity to make note of these, he said. The
fact that the proposals mean "blatant power-sharing and political integra-
tion" was conspicuously glossed over by the presenters, Dr Treurnicht said.
The presentation of such a highly contentious subject during the Christmas
season was “insensitive” in light of the spirituality that was unique to
the festive season, the CP leader said.—-Sapa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE
CITIZEN in English 22 Dec 82 p 8]

62



TANZANIA

BRIEFS

TAX INCREASES--Dar Es Salaam: The government has taken various measures,
including raising sales tax and customs duties so as to strengthen the
national economy. The taxes which are expected to bring the government
revenue of about 800 million shillings in the next 6 months will affect
cigarettes, various drinks and petrol. The new taxes become operative
when effective from tomorrow. [Text] [Dar Es Salaam Domestic Service
in Swahili 1700 GMT 31 Dec 82 NA8 EA]

cso: 3449/14

64



UGANDA

BRIEFS

NORTH KOREAN MILITARY INSTRUCTION--Nairobi--The first batch of 83 Ugandan Army
officer-cadets has graduated from an artillery course conducted by North Kor-
ean instructors. The training mission was sent to Uganda after a visit to
North Korea by Ugandan President Milton Obote in 1981. SAPA-AP [Text] [Jo-
hannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 27 Dec 82 p 7]

cso: 3400/519

65



NIGERIA

FLOUR MILL SITUATION IN COUNTRY DETAILED
Calabar THE NIGERIAN CALL in English 1-2 Dec 82 p 14

[Text] stricter

” Flour Mills of Nigeria
PLimited achieved a ‘tur-
nover of N227, 164
million in the year ended
3ist March, 1982 as
compared to a turnover
of §185,404 million in
1981. The chairman of
the company, Mr. G. S.
Coumantaros told
shareholders in Lagos
Tecently.

Mr. Coumnantors
noted that while the
figures represents an in-
¢reament of 22.7 per cent
‘over that of
\previous/year, the
group’s pretax profit fell!
by 15 per cent to N17.1
million compared with
lat year N20.1 million.

The decrease he said
was due to delay ex-
perienced in ‘obtaining
approval of price in-
crease for flour pro-
ducts.

Phe company’s net
profit after-tax stood at
8,091,000 out of which
the board recommended

3400/512

the payment of a final
dividend of.9.7 kobo per
share, subject to deduc-
tion of the appropriate
witholding tax.

The board in order to
maintain the company’s
policy of continued
growth had approved
total expenditure of
N17.2 million for the year
1982/83, said Mr.
Coumantaros.

This he said would
enable the company in-
crease its milling capaci-
ty, help bridge the gap
Between supply and de-
mand and improve ex-
isting operational and
production methods.

He further disclosed
that land had been ac-
quired in three locations
to build additional
million plants with grain
storage and handling
facilities.

The chairman said
that the prospect for
1982/83 depends solely
on the relaxation of the

23

government
measures on the issuance.
of import licences and
the approval of form
“Mm

Mr. Coumantaros an-
nounced that the
Maiduguri Flour Mills
managed by Flour Mills
of Nigeria would go into
production ne::t year
with an initial daily grin-
ding capacity of 400 ton-
nes of wheat.

Flour Mills of Nigeria

holds 16 per cent intteresi]
‘in the equity, of th
Maiduguri mills.



and particularly the Belgian military. The Zairian government had delegated
Minister of the Interior Munongo to attend. The organ was played by Brother
Alberic, who came to Kinshasa at the age of 72 and who for the last 4 years
has worked with the blind at the Institut Mama Yemo, an exemplary symbol of
Belgian assistance given without any ulterior motives, coming generously
from the heart of an old man.

5170
CSO: 3419/328

75



FRG To Provide Funds To Purchase Five More Locomotives
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 17 Dec 82)....-.+eee-e see ee eens

Danish Government To Provide Interest-Free Loan
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 20 Dec 82)....seeeeseeeeeeeeees

Real Income Per Capita Falls Over Past Few Years
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 13 Dec 82)...ceeeeeeeeceeeceees

Nation Seeks Less Devaluation Than IMF Proposes
(Arnold Raphael; TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 17 Dec 82).....

Shesheke MP Urges Government. To Rehabilitate Sesheke
District
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 20 Dec 82)..esseeeecececeeceece

Briefs
Gwembe Free of Landmines
Fuel Shortage Said Ended
Domestic Flight Fare Increase
Fuel Rationing Starts
Dar-es-Salaam-Ndola Oil Pumping
ZIMBABWE

Details of Fuel Distribution Rules Clarified
(Harare Domestic Service, 30 Dec 82)......+..+0-

Briefs
Troops Near Mozambican Border

81

82

83

84

88

89



Economic Prospects for 1983 Discussed
(Dan Marais; THE CITIZEN, 24 Dec 82)....ceeeeeeceecveeees

Rightist Opposition to New Constitution Threatens AB
(DIE AFRIKANER, 1 Dec 82)....+.+++ se eeeeeeee .

Opposition Leader on Reforms, Alternatives
(Frederick Van Zyl Slabbert; SUNDAY TIMES,

2 Jan 82)....eeeeeee eee ee eeweeecece see eeceee eee eee
Reagan's Prospects, Significance for RSA
(Editorial; THE STAR, 31 Dec 82)...... see ec cece eeeweees
Briefs
SASO, BPC Detainees Released
Treurnicht Angered
Decline in Terror Acts
Warning Issued by Botha
Deportation Protest
TANZANIA
Briefs
Tax Increases
UGANDA
Briefs

North Korean Military Instruction
ZAIRE

Behind-the-Scenes Look at ‘Kinshasa Summit’
(Pierre Haski, Jean-Marc Kalfleche; AFRICA,

Nov 82). ...ececeeee eee ccccsces seveceee Gs esesseee ee ee eee
Beligan Aid Program: Visit of Cabinet Minister

(LE SOIR, 24-26 Nov 82)..sseessceeseccccece sete ee eeene .

ZAMBIA

Church Officials Report Led to Milingo's 'Banishment'

(Enock Ngosa; TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 18 Dec 82)........ seeeee
Milingo May Be Given Church Diplomatic Post

(Arnold Raphael; TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 15 Dec 82)......-.- oe
Kaunda Calls for End to Waste, Corruption in Zimco Companies

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 20 Dec 82)......++++e-e see eeeeeee see

-d-

53

54

64

65

66

69

76

78

80



MADAGASCAR

PRESIDENT RATSIRKA'S NEW YEAR MESSAGE
MBO31515 Antananarivo Domestic Service in French 1845 GMT 31 Dec 82
[Report on New Year's message by President Ratsiraka]

[Text] The head of state also said we can rejoice over coming together in a
united front despite obstacles of all kinds, we can be thankful for the kind-
ness of the almighty who has protected us in our dialy lives and in our efforts
to achieve the aims of the revolution. Our joy can also be explained politi-
cally by the fact that, despite the trials and difficulties created by the
poor organization of international economic and financial affairs, a situation
which has been exploited by some opportunists and ill-intentioned people in
order to disrupt the daily lives of the large masses [words indistinct], the
achievements of our revolution are many, and our work has borne fruits.
Finally, we can rejoice because, despite the hardships brought about both by
natural calamities such as cyclones and by counterrevolutionary sabotage, our
revolution did not suffer any setbacks. It marched forward toward national
renovation in all aspects.

President Ratsiraka also took the opportunity to thank all the Malagasy people--
men and women, old and young--who reaffirmed their confidence in him by elect-
ing him for another 7-year term.

He stressed that Madagascar, like all developing countries, will go through
difficult times because of the poor management of world economic and financial
affairs, as well as deterioration in world trade. Of course, he stressed, we
have made great strides, but we have to cope with the numerous responsibilities
confronting us if we are to succeed in our daily lives. He added that since
the beginning of our revolution we have continued to alleviate the hard effects
of the world crisis on the people. As proof, he cited the supply of basic
necessities, especially rice and cooking oil. Untiring efforts have been made
by the revolutionary authorities in this field. They have already exhorted
each and every one to see that productivity in the country is increased.

I will not stop repeating, in my capacity as (?leader) of the Malagasy people,
that if all Malagasy people would change their attitude and unite their efforts
with the revolutionary authorities, the effects of the international crisis
would be lessened, the head of state declared. The revolutionary authorities
have waged relentless war against bandits, evil-doers, black-marketeers and

12



ETHIOPIA

AMBASSADOR NOTES GROWING ETHIO-BULGARIAN RELATIONS
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 16 Dec 82 pp 1, 6

[Text] A volume of trade exchange valued at 12 million birr was realized in
the 1974 Ethiopian Calendar Year in the effort to expand and strengthen trade
relations between Socialist Ethiopia and the Bulgarian People's Republic fol-
lowing the Third Session of the Joint Commission of the two countries on eco-
nomic, scientific, technical and trade cooperation.

This was revealed by Comrade Dr. Ashagre Yigletu, Ambassador of Socialist
Ethiopia to Bulgaria and COPWE Central Committee member, at a press conference
he gave at the Ghion Hotel yesterday in connection with the implementation

of the agreements reached by the Third Session of the Joint Commission of the
two countries and the accords reached during the Fourth Session held here re-
cently as well as the implementation of these accords up to now.

Comrade Dr. Ashagre pointed out that agreement were reached by the two sides
at the Fourth Session on the continuation of the previous agreements while at
the same time it was agreed to expand new fields of cooperation.

Explaining that the agreements are based on the close friendly relations and
mutual understanding existing between the two countries, Comrade Dr. Ashagre
noted that in addition to agricultural and industrial cooperation, useful
results have been scored in the area of education and other related fields.

Comrade Dr. Ashagre emphasized that reliable conditions have been devised by
the two sides to expand the trade exchange sector based on the rapid growth
of trade between the two friendly countries particularly after the Third Ses-
sion of the Joint-Commission.

Comrade Dr. Ashagre also made note of the fact that Ethiopian delegations have
gained useful knowledge and broader experience from their Bulgarian counter-
parts during their working tours to Bulgaria as regards such fields as educa-
tion, tourism, transport, research in educational institutions, and plan
preparation and implementation.

The Ethiopian Ambassador to Bulgaria further noted that Bulgaria's assistance
to Socialist Ethiopia is mostly in the educational field, and added that there
are over 300 Ethiopian students enrolled in higher institutions of learning
in Bulgaria. These students, he said, receive education in agriculture, en-
gineering, medicine, physical training, tourism and education.



NATION SEEKS LESS DEVALUATION THAN IMF PROPOSES

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 17 Dec 82 p 1

[Article by Arnold Raphael]

[Excerpt]

¢

LONDON, Thursday.

THE International Monetary Fund is said to be in-
sisting on a 40 per cent devaluation of the Zambian

Kwacha.

{But. according to reports here

; Lusaka is holding out for a

| far lower figure before re-

{ luctantly following the

i example of Kenya, Tanza-

fb nia, Zimbabwe and other
African states in devaluing

‘their currencies.

"According to the Financial
Times, President Kaunda

: had little choice but to come
to terms with the IMF no.
matter how unpalatable its
austerity programme in re-

turn for a K254 million one-

|. year standby facility.

, Zambia was faced with the
most serious economic crisis

' since Independence, with
foreign debts estimated at

; _ K844 million.

‘ Debt servicing will take K454.7

i million 47.6 per cent of

[ export earnings.

$In 1981, these totalled K922

million the formal debt com-

mitments were reaching in-

tolerable levels, the Finan-
>. cial Times said.
vIt pointed out that with poor
; world prices and falling
& production, Government
revenue from copper and
cobalt had shrunk from 58
per cent of income in 1974
to little or nothing over the
% past eight years.

—

cso: 3400/516

? Consequently, there were fears
that Zambia might be un-
able to cope with its external
debt servicing, although

there. had. been no clear

left nly delays. 7

‘debt’ figures were ‘still

being’ compiled, .but mid-

year estimates for the

* foreign debt of the Zambia

Government itself were

K1.65 billion, while those

incurred by the State-owned

industries‘ and agencies were

K585 million at the end of

last year.

Debt servicing for these two

categories was expected to
be K297 million in 1982,

or 32 per cent of export
earnings, and K372 million
in 1983. But the figure is

much higher if IMF debts
are added. og
‘These were K158 million in
1982 and expected to be
K180 million next year. This
would make a total debt
: service of K455 million for
this year {47.6 per cent of
export earnings) and K507
“million for 1983.

84

ZAMBIA



m to be his consultors to

mpose the council. Of all the!

lack clergy, only two can
age to understand canon
law, the rest are blind.

“Hence the blindness and
incompetence is disseminated
ito the archbishop to lead him
jastray. In view of the afore-
jsaid, the enforcement of Chris-
itian doctrine is not there.
(Everything is done in the
tAfrican stance and animism,
jot in the manner of authentic
idoctrine.”” ‘

{ On pastoral work, the report
isays the church depended on
ithe feeder parishes to do this
fwork.
| “But unfortunately, the
larchdiocesan office concerned
‘with pastoral activity does not
fenjoy. and ‘possess necessary
freedom in assigning offices
jand benefices to rightful and
sexperienced personnel.
}. “The archbishop wishes to
lease incompetent diocesan
agy by making them res-

sult, parishes: face 0° deye-

pment spiritually and general

afare, of running ‘the real
sh”?

j Suppressed

jv Parish priests assigned to
iparishers abused their offices
jand ended up with scandals.
jThis resulted in deterioration
fof pastoral work, the two men
tsaid in the report.

=. They charged that immense
iknowledge and experience of
‘religious priests who were the
imajority were put to “rust”
jwhile the rights and privileges
tenjoyed by the office in charge
yof pastoral work were limited

and suppressed.

“The archbishop himself
}does not do pastoral work. If
yhe is in office, all he does is
-eonduct healing. The ecclesi-
‘astical office has no peace. The

place is noisy with African
women possed by evil spirits
| who scream.

:_ “The office is not conducive
‘for constructive work. The
departments at his offices
ave no time to consult him.
: Even at his residence, you may
‘not find him free. There are

cso: 3400/516

tpeople possessed by evil
\spirits.
“At the table, he eats with
‘them and he has no time to
igive us greater hearing. As
ja result, white clergy and
|sisters are uneasy — very un-
jcomfortable to work with him.
{He must be possessed also.
\ “He does not accept
jposals of pastoral activities
lfrom religious priests. Our
{spiritual projects are being
frustrated.
“But he accepts from Afri-
in .priests. He is racialistic.
e majority of whites do
not want him to administer
‘the archdiocese. If he con-
‘tinues, the archdiocese will
never be fruitful, something
smust be done. He has to be re-
imoved completely.’’
The two mén understood to
‘have since resigned said
‘nvestigations carried out from
rc op _Milingo’s home
village in Eastern Province
roved ‘“‘that the so called
ith healing may not be true.

He has and uses African
: to heal, believing to
ave been inherited. He hides
this power in claiming that he
is charismatic.”” .
“His faith healing has
brought the pressing concern
for the spit welfare of
‘the archdiocese to a halt. He
‘has’ even ‘forgotten about his
duties and functions under his
jecdlesiastical office, what-
sever he does is fake.
. “Whatever we teach and
‘preach for the deepening of
faith is nullified by. his activi-
ties of ministry deliverance. -
‘Our efforts are being frustrat-
ed at the expense of healing.
We do not believe in his heal-

“He does not follow the
lofficial Roman ritual like other
‘bishops do. He uses his
iwords, | uttering som

t -
¥nobody understands.””
"During faith healing ses-
sions, Archbishop ilingo
“does not look normal. He
looks abnormal, He must be
, possessed also. Unfortunately,
we cannot understand someof
the things he does.”

During liturgical celebra-
tions, Archbishop ‘Milingo
_“spoils the good spirit of

77

[ptayer. He invites people to
Il, roll and scream all over.
‘He claims. he is charismatic.
:He is a cheat.’”

They recommended that
“for the sake of our mothet
‘church and ‘in the interest of
all Christians in the arch-
diocese of Lusaka, he should
ibe rémoved from office with
immediate effect.” :



ZAMBIA

KAUNDA CALLS FOR END TO WASTE, CORRUPTION IN ZIMCO COMPANIES

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 20 Dec 82 p1

[Text]

cso:

TRENT Kaunda hes called forthe sibmilation

jon of,

swastage; corruption and laziness in the Zimco‘group of

companies,

*. Zimco was crucial to Zam=
{bia’s economic development
| programmes and as such it was
‘imperative that such vices
should be eliminated and he
“appealed to workers to step up
their productivity and profi-
‘ciency. .

He said this yesterday when
the officially opened the 17th
Party National Council at Mu-
dungushi Hall:

:. Dr Kaunda said parastatal
‘organisations had an impor-
dant role ‘to. play in. the
economy of the country and
hence the need for proficiency
sin their operations. ~

} . “The parastatals are strate-
gic to the economy of Zambia.
iThey are strategic to the socia-
Wlisation of the economy. The
-parastatal system ensures the
:protection of the interests of.
sthe péople,”” Dr Kaunda said.
« He told the National Coun-
icil which was attended by
iParty Secretary-General Mu-
‘lemba and Prime Minister
‘Mundia that during difficult
itimes the presence of the
‘parastatal sector had ensured
ithat the ‘‘wheels of commerce
iand industry will at least keep
turning”’.

Inefficiency in the parastatal
‘sector. would gravelyundermine
iZambia’s economic growth

and its resilience.
 But.he added that Zimco
«companies had lived up to the

3400/516

ichallenge despite shortcomings
fin certain areas. Institutions
dike the International Mone-
tary Fund (IMF) had expressed
“their satisfaction in the manner
jin which they were operating.
' Spelling out guidelines for
improved performance in
Zimco, the President said there
‘should be: *

@ Quicker decision-making;

@ Yet more streamlining;

‘@ Intensified development of
manpower;

@ Elimination of wastage and
gorruption and laziness;

@ Participation in decision-
making by workers;

® Motivation of workers;
jeGreater efficiency; and
More optimal utilisation of
valuable foreign exchange
resources.

President Kaunda said: that
swork in all areas was already in
‘hand and was pleased to note
‘that the corporation had ex-
panded its activities into agri-
culture and had several viable
farms on the Copperbelt.

He said a new company,
'Nchanga Farms-had been esta-
{blished and would inject K20
ion in the agricultural
‘sector.

President Kaunda said both
in the hotels and transport
‘industries Zimco was trying to
‘forge ahead despite the odds.

; He said the Party and
Government would keep under

80

constant review prices in the
country.

With the appointment.of the
‘Prices and Incomes Commis-
; sion, President Kaunda said, it
shad been decided that the
existing price control mecha-
snism should be allowed and
charge on economic prices.

“The commission, will keep
all _ prices: under constant.
review and make recommenda-
tions tq the minister regarding
‘any exorbitant prices,” Pre-
sident Kaunda said. \



NAMIBIA

CLAIMS DENIED THAT KLUE ENLISTED BRITISH ‘DOGS OF WAR'
Windhéek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 20 Dec 82 p 1

[Text] The SA Defence Force would not comment on Friday on British press re-
ports that withdrawn South African Embassy official Joseph Klue was recruiting
former British servicemen to fight in Namibia.

The reports claimed that Mr Klue enlisted men from among Britain's unemployed
ex-soldiers with offers of generous pay for stints of up to six months in the
South African Army.

They said the "dogs of war" were offered 400 pounds (about R800) per week plus
a 5 000 pound (about R10 000) bonus after six months and said serving soldiers
close to their demob were approached at Aldershot and Manchester.

The reports quoted a former parachute regiment lance corporal who said he re-
ceived a mysterious telephone call instructing him to contact the South African
Embassy in London if he was interested in making money. He subsequently re-
ceived a letter from Mr Klue.

The former soldier, who was not named, was quoted as saying: "They told me
they had recruited 200 men all over Britain and were ‘working’ Europe too."
Sapa.

cso: 3400/514

18



059340

JPRS 82635

13 January 1983

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

FBIS

No. 2747

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY - -
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE //

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161

— — G7



FRG TO PROVIDE FUNDS TO PURCHASE FIVE MORE LOCOMOTIVES

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 17 Dec 82 p 7

[Excerpt]

cso:

THE FEDERAL Republic
Lof Germany has given
|. Zambia a further K7.4
‘million to buy another five

more locomotives in additi-

on to the nine ordered by
* the jointly owned:Tanzariia-

Zambia Railways

(TAZARA).

A West German embassy
spokesman said in Lusaka

- yesterday that following a
KS.5 million loan to Zambia
‘and a grant to Tanzania
of the same amount for the
purchase of 14 locomotives
last year, it was later found
‘out that the funds were not
enough.

The funds fail far too
‘short.of purchasing the 14
locomotives as __ earlier
earmarked because of late
tendering while prices for
them shot up. .
{, Bectuse of high prices
‘and high interest: rates-it
the United States, the K11
million meant for the 14
\ocomotives ‘could “ only
}purchase nine of the ma-
“chines.

Speaking in an interview,
the spokesman said that the
shortfall in the number of
‘locomotives to be purcha-
sed from’ the K11_ miflion

made available, prompted.

ithe Zambian Government
to enter info negotiations
with the West German

3400/516

government for further fu-
nds for the machines.

The spokesman said the

two governments exchan-
‘ged notes of the agreement
last September for the
rescheduling of funds
not used on other projects
to the purchase of the loco-
motives,
“The money given to
\Zambia is a soft loan with
two per cent interest
payable over 30 years and
210 years grace period,’”
the spkesman said.

The locomotives will be
accompanied by spare
parts and the agreement
calls for the training of
personnel to maintain
them, .

It is hoped that the arri-
val’ of the ‘locomotives
will go a long way in curb-
ing some of the problems
facing the 1,860 kilometre
railway lines constructed
with a K300 million Chine-
sé loan.

81

ZAMBIA



ERAB DECISION TO BAR BISHOP NKOANE HIT

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 21 Dec 82 p 4

[Editorial]
[Text]
IE East Rand Board's (Eraby
fusal to'grant Bishop Simeon
iNkoane, Anglican Bishop

isuf agan of the Springs
idistrict, permission to occupy a
jhouse in Kwa-Thema, Springs,
fis extraordinary to say the least.

{While we are pr
sfait with the various influx
control regulations which affect
pur daily lives, itis something of
fa jolt to see this happening toa
; st - a bishop at that. We
:would have thought brethren of
‘the cloth, like other servants of
ithe public, are treated with
iparticular regard and circum-
‘spection. There is rio doubt in

y well au

jour minds that this should be the
Sease for that matter, as priests

re always on the move,
ransferred from one parish to
he other.

It makes common sense
isurely to allow a priest, and a
for that matter, free
to. a_-house “anywhere,
jeven in a white area.

We have a feeling that the
Erab in -its usual clumsy
manner has blown it’ again.
There will be quite a number of
red faces and explanations to be

fmaide ‘as soon as the Press plays
athe story up. We. are in fact
shocked at the deathly silence
from even priests about this
untenable situation.

If we have to be somewhat
personal, Bishop Nkoane, even
if he makes no bones. about

ymatters thatare in conflict with
his Christian witness, is not
‘among our more: militant
clerics.

This is not Saying had this
kind of. affront’ been made
against a more militant priest
awe would have been silent. It is
‘ironically fiting that this kind of
thing is happening to a man like
Bishop Nkoane and we are sure
‘he sees the ugly humour in it.

How many blacks have been
summarily refused a place to
live in? How many families
have been. torn apart,. been
humiliated, been endorsed out
to. strange and unhappy areas
simply because they do not have
the requisite official stamp in
their reference books?

What makes the blood boil
even further is that this insult is
‘visited upon people who are in

41

tacking Governmental

SOUTH AFRICA



With a shameful record of aggression, intervention, blackmail and terrorism,
the US Administration has been concocting lies after lies to defame progres-
sive governments all over the world. The Reagan Administration's record for
fabricating lies is well known to progressive and democratic forces every-
where. The latest lie by responsible officials of the US Administration
smacks of a sinister motive. One cannot help wondering whether it is a fines-
sing move to introduce chemical weapons into the Horn of Africa. There is no
other explanation for this slanderous campaign against Socialist Ethiopia--a
country committed to live in peace and social progress.

As the Ministry of Foreign Affairs pointed out, under the pretext of the so-
called "communist threat", the extremely right-wing Reagan Administration,
dictated by the military-industrial complex, is threatening to kindle a major
worldwide conflagration. The latest wild allegations directed against Ethio-
pia and other peace-loving nations must be seen in this light.

To quote the Ministry's statement: "Such fabrications put relations between
the two countries in serious jeopardy. We therefore call on the United States
to put a halt once and for all to its congenital practice of churning out
lies after lies in order to placate its conscience".

This is not the first time that Socialist Ethiopia had to tell Washington

not to meddle in its internal affairs or to engage in slanderous campaigns
against this peace-loving country. Ethiopia's pronouncements have to be taken
seriously.

cso: 3400/515



ETHIOPIA

REGIME DENIES NERVE GAS USE IN HORN
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 15 Dec 82 p 2
[Editorial: "Baseless Allegation"]

[Text] The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Socialist Ethiopia has described

as 4 preposterous lie the wild allegation recently made by US officials that
Ethiopia has been using nerve gas in a certain locality within its territory.
The Ministry said that the allegation was designed to cover up the guilty con-
science of the US which is well known for its atrocities against humanity, par-
ticularly against people of black and Asian origin, since its very existence
as an independent state. While categorically denying Washington's wild alle-
gation, the Ministry said that the US, which is the confirmed violator of human
rights in almost all the continents, the leading producer of all types of wea-
pons of mass destruction including nerve gas, chemical weapons and the neutron
bomb and the first and only country that used atomic weapon against millions
of innocent civilians, is the one country that is least qualified to give les-
sons to others on human rights and morality.

Judging by the statements made by spokesmen for the American Administration,
the fitting of the US Army with the latest types of chemical warfare is to be
carried out in a manner so as to enable the United States to conduct an all-
out war anywhere in the world. According to statistics, the United States pos-
sesses today the most powerful arsenal of chemical warfare. Its bulwark con-
sists of more than 55,000 tons of highly toxic nerve gas and 150,000 tons or
more than three million pieces of chemical ammunition. Scientists estimate
that this amount is sufficient to annihilate the whole of mankind several times
over. As if not satisfied with this arsenal, it has started the production

of a new type of chemical ammunition, binary nerve gas.

Washington's chemical rearmament programme to further increase the already
huge stockpiles of toxic agents including the development of a new generation
of chemical weapons, not only confirms the intention by the Pentagon to engage
in a chemical warfare, but also Washington's new step along the perilous path
of stockpiling the barbarous means of massive annihilation.

The United States has already used chemical weapons in Vietnam. Millions of
hectares of fields and forests in that heroic country were sprayed with defoli-
ants. Such bacteriological warfare was conducted against flora, fauna and
human beings in Cuba. The US has been supplying, among others, the racist
South African regime with chemical weapons for use against the black population.

4



SOUTH AFRICA

RIGHTIST OPPOSITION TO NEW CONSTITUTION THREATENS AB
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 1 Dec 82 pp 1, 13

[Text] The government's plans for a multi-racial government is about to create
a crisis situation in the ranks of the A B (Afrikaner Broederbond) and this
can have far-reaching implications in politics and in other areas as well.
Members of the Conservative Party are affected most directly by this situation,
with the result that the pressure from the left wing element of the Broéderbond
organization for getting rid of Conservative Party members will become increas—
ingly stronger.

Information received from reliable sources during the past 2 weeks indicates
that negotiations over a possible understanding between the Reunited National-
ist Party and the Conservative Party have had serious repercussions in certain
Broederbond circles. Among the liberal elements in the organization the idea
that action against Conservative Party members must be taken immediately is
rapidly gaining ground.

These circles are voicing the fear that if the Reunited Nationalist Party and
the Conservative Party reach an agreement, in an interim election, this can
result in defeats for the Nationalist Party. In such a situation it will then
be much more difficult to take action against members of the Conservative Party
in the Broederbond without rending apart the organization.

Recent events and the detailed information now provided concerning the Presi-
dential Council's constitutional proposals, have brought the question, as to
what the Broederbond is going to do with the members of the Conservative Party
in its midst, vividly to the foreground. It is being said that if they offer
strong resistance to Botha's policy, then the pressure from the organization's
left for getting rid of them will increase, just like it happened with the Re-
constituted Nationalist Party in 1970/71.

Within the Presidential Council there are several members of the Broederbond
such as Alwyn Schlebusch, the chairman of the council, Dr Willie van Niekerk,
the former administrator of South-West Africa, Mr A. M. Van Schoor, Mr Braam
Raubenheimer and others...a fact that could increase the tension.

The fact that the executive Council of the Broederbond invited Prime Minister

P. W. Botha to propagandize the constitutional proposals, at the past Associa-—
tion Council of the Broederbond, has made it practically impossible for the

54



SIERRA LEONE

GOVERNMENT ON AVAILABILITY OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
ABO10925 Freetown Domestic Service in English 2000 GMT 31 Dec 82

[Text] Government today issued a release reflecting its concern over the dis-
tribution of petrol and kerosene throughout the country. The full text of the
release, which according to government has been issued with the greatest con-
straint, reads:

It will be recalled that over the past few weeks (?announcements) have been
made assuring the general public that the situation of the availability of
petrol and kerosene was merely temporary and that government would spare no
efforts to find a solution tothe problem. It will be further recalled that a
press release from government also advised that to ensure an equitable distri-
pution of petrol and kerosene throughout the country, the oil marketing com~
panies in consultation with government and worked out a system to avoid any
disruption in the smooth running of transportation, whether private or public,
throughout the country.

[Words indistinct] pump prices of petroleum products in general have remained
unchanged: Premium motor spirit, 3 leones 40 cents; regular motor spirit, 3
leones 34 cents; [words indistinct], 1 leone 94 cents; and auto gasoil, 2
leones 66 cents.

Government wishes it to be known that steps have been taken to bring in crude
oil to Sierra Leone so that tthe general public will be able to receive their
requirements of petrol and kerosene in aprticular. The refinery commenced
production before the Christmas holidays and over that period--that is, 6 days--
a total of 840 tons of petrol was made available to the oil marketing companies.
This quantity is in excess of the normal weekly requirements of approximately
750 tons.

Investigations reveal, inter alia, that some distributors are hoarding supplies
during the day and selling at night at highly inflated prices. Furthermore,
supplies from oil marketing [word indistinct] are diverted to private stations
while dealers sell at almost double the government-approved prices [words
indistinct].

Government, of course, cannot stand idly by and allow such a situation to con-
tinue. Strong measures have therefore been taken to alleviate the situation.

37



[Text] f~

{Article by Arnold Raphael]

MILINGO MAY BE GIVEN CHURCH DIPLOMATIC POST

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 15 Dec 82 pp 1, 5

_ ~ LONDON, Tuesday. °
ARCHBISHOP Emmanuel Milingo, the Roman

Catholic prelate of Zambia who was summoned by the
Pope to the Vatican last April to face charges of wit-
cheraft, and who has since been held in Rome, may
soon be given a church diplomatic post.

. There is considerable specu-
lation in informed quarters
here that an appointment as
papal pro-nuncio, or ambassa-
‘dor, to a Third World country,
‘probably not an African state,
would resolve the church’s
‘dilemma over what to do with
‘the errant archbishop.

It is understood that when
he met a seniorZambian dip-
lomat recently, he reaffirmed
‘that he had no wish to leave
ithe church, to which he re-
imained a devoted son.

* But it is unlikely that the
Vatican would now send him
back to his pastoral duties in
Lusaka, it was his interpreta-
tion of those duties, his faith
healing, and exorcism, his
_espousal of the charismatic
renewal movement, which
‘brought him an immense follo-
-wing in Africa and beyond —
and which brought him into
conflict with church conserva-
tives in Zambia.

. After an inquiry ordered by
the Pope and carried out by
{Cardinal Maurice Utunga of
;Nairobi, the archbishop was
‘summoned to Rome for a
series of investigations into
‘his mental and spiritual
shealth,

He evidently told the Zam-

ibian. diplomat with whom he
sspent 2 full day that he had
found the six.or seven pro-
Honged examinations exhaust
ing and frustrating: the tests
which are not yet over, are
conducted by officials of the
Congregation for the Evange-
fisation of People, the Vatican
agency responsible for missio-
‘nary work.

But he is being treated well
Sand lives in comfort in a

Rome monastery. The ordeal
does not seem to have affect-
ed his health. His enforced
Zsojourn in Rome has in fact
added a few inches to his
girth, as the Zambian dip-
lomat found.
, But he remains saddened
.and perplexed. His repeated
itequests for an audience with.
Pope’John Paul II haye, been
‘rejected.

It_is thought unlikely that
‘the Pope will only agree to see
‘him after the psychiatric and
‘religious tests have been
‘completed and a report sub-
mitted to him.

The Holy Father will then
decide what is to be done
with the prelate who was per-
sonally consecrated bishop by
the late Pope Paul VI during

78

ZAMBIA

the first ever papal visit to

' Africa in 1969,

The church; no more wants
to lose Archbishop Milingo

‘than he wants to lose the
‘church. The 52-year-old arch-
bishop’s departure would
undermine the confidence of
‘the liberal elements within
*the church in Africa who look
for a more African interpreta-
‘tion of its message.
;. There are also .fears that,
"Milingo ‘would become a ‘cult
figure -and ‘attract his own
‘following in a continent all
‘too prone to splinter churches.
There are, as he himself
says, 2,030-separatist Christ-
ian churches in Southern
Africa alone. .The Vatican
above all fears a return to
animism in Africa under the
guise of populist Christianity.
The archbishop, who has
strenously denied charges of
witchcraft, is evidently pre-
‘pared to allow his long in-
‘quisition to take its course and

has urged his more vociferous
supporters in Zambia and else-
where to exercise the same
patience and forebearance, in
the belief that his ordeal will
soon end. .

But it remains to be seen
whether he would -accept a
isenior diplomatic role to repre-
ssent a church which in his own
words denied him the right
to interpret the gospel ‘‘accor-
‘ding to the mentality and cul-
ture of the (African) people. 1
Hove the church as an. African



Already 19 years ago, other riots had cost the lives of some 40 persons in
Kano, a large metropolis of 2 million inhabitants in the Muslim north. They
were born of the exacerbation of relations between the Muslim populations in
the north and the highly Westernized government employees from the south.

Osman Dan Fodio's Jihad

But all these riots had their roots in the jihad launched at the beginning

of the 19th century by Osman Dan Fodio, as.a result of which Islam penetrated
Nigeria. Contrary. to tenacious legends, Islam was not imported by Arab
merchants, but arrived between the 11th and 14th centuries from a neighboring
African kingdom, Kanem, located on the banks of Lake Chad. Then, in the
Middle Ages, it was actual Islamic missionaries who arrived in Kano from
Tombouctou, now Mali, a great religious center in West Africa. Kano grew,
halfway between the kingdom of Bornou, which replaced Kanem in the east, and
Gao in the west. Proof of this is the imposing mosque dating from that time,
found at the gate to the old city across from the emir's palace.

It was in the 19th century, well before the colonial conquest, that Shehu
Usman Dan Fodio, an intellectual from Senegal, would launch his jihad climaxing
with the taking of Kano in 1807. This upset traditional societies in the north
and they were rapidly Islamized. The authority of the emirs was thus estab-
lished, the Islamic courts extended, and a tax system and administrative
apparatus set up. When the English conquered Kano nearly a century later,

in 1903, they deemed it preferable to rely on these structures to govern and
strengthened them, rather than replacing them.

This remarkable history greatly explains the bloody uprisings of today. Nearly
two centuries after Dan Fodio's jihad, Islam has not "sobered" in northern
Nigeria. It can even be said that the Muslim elite has never given up spread—
ing its religion in the south and for that reason, founded the NPC (Northern
People's Congress) in 1949.

Mohammed Marwa, called "Maitatsine, a Cameroonian’ emigre, succeeded in un-
leashing his own jihad against the corrupted Islam. In a city such as Kano,
which grew too fast thanks to the oil boom, the unemployed of the shantytowns,
the victims of growth, were easy.prey for a skillful orator. The result of
the crusade: 4,000 dead. The followers of the sect who were not killed hid.
They are now coming out into the open, as at. Bayero University in Kano,

where portraits of Imam Khomeyni abound. Nigerian authorities recognize that
Muslim fundamentalism has the upper hand.

Feudalists Against Reformers

Alongside this conflict with radical Islam, a silent struggle pitted tradi-
tional Muslim structures (emirs, mallams, and so on) against the state
government in.Kano and its team of young Marxistic technocrats. Confronta-
tions already took place last year. Thousands of persons leaving the mosque
attacked the governor's palace. The team of the governor, a member of the
radical wing of the People's Redemption Party (PRP, the furthest left of the
Nigerian political groups) did not conceal its "reformist" tendencies.

25



tfact the indigenous population
f the country:-All that influx
ontrol and the pass laws do is to
affront our human

» We have said that the Erab
jhas made its blunders in the
is surely takes the
lea ke. We can well imagine what
ithe outside Press will do should
lthey get hold of this) extra-
fordinary story.

*. While weare surprised at the
ence from various quarters,
in “particular the Church, we
ahink the Erabrstill has time to
ychange its mind, This is an
ywembarrassment to all
/Christians, to the Government
‘and the country. We simply
Hhave too many wounds to nurse
'14o be busy with this kind of s
flagellation.

cso: 3400/501

42



NIGERIA

FURTHER REPORTAGE ON RELIGIOUS 'FANATICS'
Dakar AFRICA in French No 146, Dec 82 p:-17

[Text] The recent religious riots in Kano were not’ the work of a tiny group
of strays. Rather, their roots can be found in the jihad launched at the
beginning of the 19th century by Osman Dan Fodio. The conservative Muslim
elite in the north has never given up the idea of spreading its religion to
the south, a south over which the wind of reform blows.

Less than two years. after the "great massacre" in Kano (December -1980), ending
with nearly 4,000 dead, riots again recently bloodied’ a number of cities in
northern Nigeria, including Maidiguri (250,000 inhabitants), a front-ranking
commercial center situated where four countries come together (Niger, Nigeria,
Chad and Cameroon).

According to the Nigerian Government, the riots, which left over 450 dead,

began when the police tried to arrest 16 followers of the sect founded near
Kano by fundamentalist leader Al Hadji Mohammed Marwa, called "Maitatsine,"
killed in the December 1980 riots in Kano.

New Prophet

The 16 "fanatics" arrested in Maidiguri were accused of holding unauthorized
religious meetings. The forces of law and order immediately used teargas
on the rioters, combing the city and preventing other members of the Marwe
sect from coming in from Kano or even Kaduna.

As in December 1980, the Nigerian Government let it be known that Mohammed
Marwa was a Muslim "heretic." It allegedly proclaimed himself to be a "true
prophet" of Islam and his followers constantly repeat that one should no
longer mention the prophet Muhammad in prayers, but only the new prophet
Mohammed Marwa.

Actually, the rioters once again attacked the forces of law and order first.
In Nigeria, the police are the symbol of a certain power derived from re-
sourcefulness and corruption in a country where corruption is a veritable
institution. It should therefore not be at all surprising that the Marwa
sect, headed this time by one Mallam Kalatafada, has resumed the jihad, the
holy war, against the established government, which it accuses of not respect-
ing the laws of Islam and of acting like a “colonizer."

24



A successful summit meeting with the new Russian leader, Mr Andropov--which
must surely be on thecards in 1983?--could clinch Mr Reagan's nomination, as
it would confirm his inherited role as leader of the Western world.

South Africa would, of course, like to see him retain power; not for decades
has there been such an accommodating and patient attitude in Washington for
the sometimes bizarre policies of Pretoria. The thought of a President

Walter Mondale, say, heading a democratic administration and picking up
Southern Africa policies where Mr Carter left off must give Mr P.W. Botha
nightmares. In its own small way Pretoria can help improve the Reagan image on
foreign affairs--by showing that "constructive engagement" involves some real
give as well as take.

cso: 3400/524

61



ETHIOPIA

MANAGER OUTLINES DAIRY PRODUCTION
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 17 Dec 82 p 8

[Text] The Animal and Fisheries Development Corporation has, during the 1974
(E. C.) production year, turned out 10,587,170 litres of pasteurized milk,
159,430 kilos of butter as well as 56,900 kilos and 78,239 kilos of hard

and soft cheese respectively. All of the products were distributed during
the same year.

This was revealed by Comrade Fana Wolde Giorgis, general manager of the cor-
poration, during an interview. He said that about 341,371 litres of non-
pasteurized milk were produced and distributed in Makale, Jimma and Gondar.
In addition, about 5.6 million eggs were produced during the year and these
have more or less satisfied the local demand.

The manager said that the Corporation produced 71,000 proilers and that 42,000
live animals were exported. The abattoir under the Corporation, located in
Debre Zeit, on the average handles from 80-100 cattle per day.

He explained that the Meat Development Enterprise under the Corporation has
pre-fattening ranches where cattle are kept for some time. Then they are
taken to feed lots where they stay for 90 days before being slaughtered.

The ranches are located in Dinkiti, Bale. Other ranches are being established
in Negele and Yabello, Sidamo Region.

The manager said that the dairy farms are scattered in various places and that
this has brought about problems of management and poor performance. So far
the dairy farms have been purchasing hay from peasants and producers' co-
operatives. Hence the cost of production of dairy products is high. In
order to overcome this problem, we have to have sufficient area of land where
we can produce our own hay thereby decreasing the cost of production. The
funds for the expansion of dairy farms must also be available. Furthermore,
the selling price of milk is far below the production cost, a phenomenon af-
fecting the income of the Corporation, he noted.

Comrade Fana stated that the per capita milk consumption of the country is
low. Productivity of milk must be increased. The availability of land and
funds is an imperative for the satisfaction of this condition. This is true
as well in the case of the expansion of ranches in the country. If envisaged
plans are implemented under these conditions there is a potential of allevia-
ting the existing situation, he concluded.

cso: 3400/515
1



KAVANGO DETAINEE MYSTERY DEEPENS

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English

{Article by Karl Gowaseb]

[Text]

OVAMBO
Homeguard members
and Special Constables
operating under the
guise of Koevoet have
@penly boasted to school
‘children in the Kavango
that they have been sent
from Ondangwa to ‘sort
out’ the Kavangos.

At shops near
‘Nkurenkuru they. were
overheard as saying that
‘they would ‘clean’ western
‘Kavango of all Swapo
‘sympathisers.

Hours later, a source
who had visited Wind-
hoek earlier, said Black
‘Ovambo Homeguards and
Special Constables went on
the rampage 17km west of
‘Nkurenkuru allegedly leav-
ing a trail of terror.

A principal. of . the
‘Simanja Primary School,
iMr Eino Mungongi, 50,
twas allegedly __ severely
‘beaten up according to our
iinformant. He was alleged-
ly dumped at his house, but
picked up later by men in
military uniform on Satur-
‘day, November 13.

: On his return ‘home
seven’ days later, the prin-
cipal who had lost a good
amount of weight and was
shaky, alleged to those

“close to’ him that he was, /

kept blindfolded most of
the time and did not know
where he was held.
BROKEN. DOWN

2 The school principal was
allegedly psychologically
broken down after his
sgruelling ordeal. © Mr
‘Mungongi had difficulty in
communicating with his
family.

‘Academy of Tertiary
Education. student, Mr
Gerhard Kasama and Mr
Jafet Hausiku, were both
arrested at Mr Mungongi’s
house. They were picked
up a. week. after his
release.

The total number of
detainees «arrested during
November in the Kavango
has risen to 27 if the names
of the principal and Mr
Hausiku are added to those
reported so far.

On the December 3 the
SWA Territory Force
headquarters announced
the release of 19 detainees
between November 6 and
29. 2
=. Police confirmed that
‘they were holding six
detainees. One of these, Mr
Cosmos Makanga’s release
was confirmed, two died in
detention and it is difficult
to establish the
whereabouts of three
‘others.

15

14 Dec 82 p 4

“J’am under no obliga-
tion to release information
on detainees held under
AG 9 to the press. If there
are complaints, people
should lay charges directly
vat Police stations. Why
‘should they run to the new-
‘spapers,” Chief of the
‘Police Gen! Dolf Gouws
said upon inquiry.

Officially 25 detainees
are being held of which 22
shave been accounted for.
Three are held by the
Police and 19 by the
SWATF.

” Numerous attempts
have been made by The

‘Advertiser and the Mail

Africa Bureau to trace the
detainees which have not
‘been accounted for. These
number about 12.

Another factor which
might have caused the in-
crease in numbers is the
use of two names, a home
and a christian name by
some detainees. They
might have been reported
to the press by a popular
name while detainess could
have given their christian
names to the Police.

A spokesman for the
SWATF said a few days
ago that they had no
record of a Mr Eino
Mungongi, the allegedly
disorientated ‘school prin-
cipal. However, the

NAMIBIA



‘through what I am and what I
ave as an African.’”
(. The archbishop wants the
ichurch to reappraise its role
ain Africa, and this challenge to
ithe Vatican’s authority has
‘led inexorably to his removal
as head of the Zambian
‘hierarchy.

lie T express my love for her

cso: 3400/516

79



IMPORT FALL WIDENS TRADE SURPLUS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Dec

[Article by Daan de Kock]

[Text] .SoUTH Africa’s trade sur- [has been’ very erratic, as

cso:

{ plus widened again in
November after declining
substantially in October.
The main reason for the

“increase was again a sharp
fallin imports.

Figures released by the
‘Department of Customs
éand Excise show that the
Scountry’s trade surplus it
‘creased from R251,7-mil-

lion’ in October to
R410,3-million in Novem-

‘ber, with imports de-
‘lining both in volume
and money terms.

Imports for November

amounted to R1,32-bil-
dion, against R1,51-billion.
the previous month.
Most. economists feel
imports . will drop back
‘substantially as the econ-
-omy slides deeper into re-
‘cession.
* One must,_ however,
-take into account that im-
ports for December could
iShow an increase because
‘of the Christmas season.
© Imports ‘have levelled
-off quite a lot since the
Ybeginning of the year in
volume terms, but . in
smoney terms the trend

3400/510

indicated by the figures
for the past six months.
June —R1-550-million,
July R1 890-million, Au-
gust R1 461-million, Sep-
tember —R1 906-million
and October R1 710-mil-
lion. .
Imports for the first 11
months of the year
amounted to R16 948-mil-
lion and the monthly av-
erage for the year to date
is R1 540,7-million. L
Exports* also ‘dropped
back in November, but
the decrease was not

52

82 p 15

néarly so big ds the de-
crease in imports.

For the first 11 months
of the year South Afirca’s
trade surplus swung into a
R408-million surplus,
against a R401,6-million
deficit in the same period
the previous year.

If one takes into ac-
count that South ‘Africa is
currently running a fairly
big deficit on “invisibles”,
indications are that the
overall deficit on the cur-
rent account of the bal-
ance of payments must be
very small.

SOUTH AFRICA



ZAMBIA

CHURCH OFFICIALS REPORT LED TO MILINGO'S 'BANISHMENT'

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 18 Dec 82 pp 1, 5

[Article by Enock Ngosa]

[Text]

A CONFIDEN-
‘TIAL report writ-
‘ten by two senior
officials of the
‘Roman Catholic
Church to the
Pope’s_representa-.
tive in Zambia led to
ithe. “‘banishment’’
‘of Archbishop Em-
“manuel Milingo to
‘Rome.

The report by former
lvicar general, Father
Francis Taylor and
jformer_ pastoral coor-
dinator, Father Andrew
‘Edele portrayed Arch-
‘bishop Milingo as a
: “witch with an Africanist
stance’. _—

+ They accused Archbishop
i.Milingo of preferring to heal
“women in privacy.

“Sometimes, he heals
‘women privately. There must
be something he does. No

wonder he loves women so
much that any disease for a
woman is possession. He has
jgone too far. His fake charis-
{matic qualities will soon bring
{scandals to the church,” they

;feported.
‘The two officials begged the

Pope’s representative, in Zam-

jbia, Archbishop George Zur

“to do something about him”’.
The lengthy report written
late last year and released to
ithis paper yesterday covers
:Archbishop. Milingo’s work
concerning doctrine, pastoral
twork, faith healing, ministry
iof deliverance and administra-
ition.
} It talks of overt and covert
‘clashes between: the Zambian
prelate and the white priests, |
‘accusing him of having “‘usur-
ped’ and undermined” the’
Office. of the vicar - general
which under canon law, was a
powerful authority,
!- But two churchmen defend
itheir action by saying the re-
port was written in good faith
and was a reflection of actual
feelings and opinions of most
religious priests and sisters
{working for the archdiocese of
‘Lusaka then under Arch-
bishop Milingo.
; “The general and strong
‘feeling of religious priests and
sisters is that due to Archbi-
shop Milingo’s Africanist
;stance, his own idea of accultu-
jration, adaptation and his
‘exaggerated gift of charisma
sand the archdiocese entrusted
Linto his ordinary is unfortuna-
{tely departing from the authen-
tic Roman Catholic doctrine,”
ireads the report. .
¥ “The religious missionaries

76

| who have sound knowledge
and competence of interpreting
the teachings of the Catholic
Church are being frustrated by
: being denied active participa-
‘tion in presenting Christian
| doctrine in a manner adapted
to the needs of times and
| approved by holy congregation
of faith.”
Archbishop Milingo was in-
terpreting the Christian doc-
\trine ‘in the manner full of
Africanist _stance—sectarian-
(ism and-animism. This is not
‘building up the world and
‘fulfilling its purpose in the
‘manner required by church
‘law’.
They note in the.report that
i the office of vicar general was
/ existing ‘‘merely by name and
not in reality. It has no powers.
| Powers are in the hands of the
' African clergy close to Arch-
‘bishop Milingo. It is receiving
interference from unqualified
‘and inexperienced local
iclergy”’. .
“The office of the vicar
jgeneral is no longer the most
important office in the arch-
idiocese as per canon law. It
,cannot determine. through suit-
‘able and competent authority
‘manning it the type of activity
which the common law grants
the vicar general. . .
|. “Instead of this office being
itesponsible for the constitution
of the archdiocesan senate, the
jarchbishop colludes with in-
icompetent black clergy who



DANISH GOVERNMENT TO PROVIDE INTEREST-FREE LOAN

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 20 Dec 82 p 7

[Text] | THE Danish government is

cso:

{to give Zambia an interest
free loan of about K8
‘million next vear. .

Danish charge de affaires
in Zambia, Mr Finn Chris-
jtoffersen, said yesterday
‘that Danish government
will give Zambia the loan
‘as soon as the agreement
has been finalised by the
two governments.

Mr Christoffersen said
that the Danish govern-
‘ment wiil sign a loan agree-
ment with the National
Commission for Develop-
ment Planning after recei-
ving its proposals from
various ministries.  -

He said the loan will be
payable over 25 years
after a grace period of
10 years.

In September this year,
the Danish government
gave Zambia K15_ million
interest freeloan. _

The money was given to
‘Chilanga Cement Company
for the construction of its
spare ‘parts building,
Dairy Produce Board, Cdld--~

3400/516

Storage Board of Zambia
(CSBZ) and the Ministry of
Health to purchase their
operational equipment.

The Danish government
will also offer"20 scholar-
ships to Zambia next year.

Mr Christoffersen said
under the scholarships pro-
gramme, the Danish
government will meet all
educational expenses
including air fares for the
students taking studies
in Denmark.

At the moment, he said,
there were 25 Zambians in

s Denmark undergoing trai-

ning in different fields.

Meanwhile, Mr Christo-
ffersen said that three
Zambians leave for Den-
mark next January to study
refrigeration engineering
and radiography.

He said that the CSBZ is
sending two'members of
its staff to study refrige-
ration engineering and the
other one was from the
, University Teaching Hos-

° pital (UTH). — Zana.

82

ZAMBIA



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

TROOPS NEAR MOZAMBICAN BORDER--The Zimbabwean minister of foreign affairs, Mr
Witness Mangwende, says that virtually the whole of the Zimbabwean army is de-
ployed in the border area with Mozambique in efforts to control the activities
of the Mozambican national resistance. In an interview in Harare, he said
Zimbabwe had a number of coordinated activities with Mozambique, and it was
possible for the Zimbabwean army to cross the border in hot pursuit of the
guerrillas. Residents in Mozambique says that units of the Zimbabwean 5th
brigade, which was trained by North Koreans, are deployed along both the
railway line and the pipeline, linking the Mozambican Port of Beira and the
Zimbabwean border town of Mutare. Mr Mangwende said the question of Zimbabwean
refugees in Botswana had not yet been clarified with the Botswana Government.
Those who sought asylum in Botswana were not victims of political persecution,
but were, in his words, criminals and robbers whom the Zimbabwean Government
wanted returned very badly. On relations with South Africa, Mr Mangwende

said Zimbabwe had trade relations, but not political relations, with South
Africa. He alleged that South Africa was involved in a concerted effort to
destabilize Zimbabwe. [Text] [MB301005 Johannesburg International Service in
English 0630 GMT 30 Dec 82]

cso: 3400/523 END

89



that will not allow the domination of one group over another, that will not
tolerate any form of statutory racial discrimination, and that will provide
for equal citizenship for everyone irrespective of race or ethnicity;

--Get a mandate from the party and the electorate to invite other leaders, to
negotiate such a constitution;

Create a climate conducive to negotiation by removing obstacles to negotiation
such as influx control, the group areas act and other racially discriminatory

measures ;

--Form a multi-racial commission of inquiry to demonstrate, realistically, how
to get rid of inequality in education, income and welfare on racial bases; then

--Call a constitutional conference where political leaders who have been freely
chosen can begin to enter into negotiation and bargaining.

Such a process will not have a more traumatic impact on white politics than
the present one has had and will have a far greater probability of success.

This will be so because the stage will then have been set for creative inter-
action between the white initiative and black response that could result in a
secure future for us all.

And that is what it is all about.

cso: 3400/524

59



SENEGAL

"LE SOLEIL’ WRITES ON CASAMANCE DEMONSTRATION
AB301447 Paris AFP in French 1228 GMT 30 Dec 82

[Text] Dakar, 30 Dec (AFP)--The Senegalese daily LE SOLEIL (close to the
government), has called on the population to rise and "nip in the bud, any
stray impulse to disrupt national unity" in a commentary published on
Thursday on last Sunday's demonstration in the country's southern province
of Casamance.

Casamance is not and cannot be anything but a part of the whole of Senegal,
writes the newspaper, stating further that the Ziguinchor demonstration
(main town in Casamance) "did not have mass support nor the character of

a national or local party to justify the state of emergency."

The Senegalese daily went on to say however: "What has just happened in
Casamance, however limited the scope, is a warning. If there is really
any evil anywhere, we should have the courage to cut it at the root. That
is the duty of the state."

A few hundred people, it is recalled, had demonstrated in Ziguinchor
calling for the independence of this province. The demonstration had been

contained by a security set-up and the entire province has been calm since
Monday.

CsO: 3419/371

32



difficulties today. Its technical director, Jorion, did not hide these
difficulties in conversation with us. Some of them are difficulties result-
ing from accidents: the second Shaba war, the rebel raid on Kolwezi. Some
difficulties are due to the situation: a ton of copper is now at its lowest
level (70,000 Belgian francs). Some difficulties are technical: deteriora—
tion of the equipment, the paralysis of the Lobito railway because of the
civil war in Angola.

The Vegetable Kingdom of Shaba

GECAMINES hoped to produce 570,000 tons of copper per year. Developments
have led to halting its expansion. Production, which was at a level of
468,000 tons in 1981, fell to 450,000 tons in’.1982 and will only be at a
level of 440,000 tons in 1983. Cobalt, whose price is also dropping quickly,
was produced at a level of 14,500 tons in 1980 and only 9,000 tons this year.
Now let us not forget that GECAMINES accounts for more than 60 percent of
Zaire's income in foreign exchange. Let us also add that 300,000 tons of cop-
per ore are refined in Belgium. And out of the 1,000 officials of the com—
pany, there are 700 Belgians.

The number of workers employed by the company totals 35,000. The GECAMINES
hospitals are available to a population of 550,000 people, and its schools
accommodate 60,000 students. These figures illustrate the influence of
copper and its by-products on the population of the Shaba region: 1.4 million
people.

At present the mining resérves of GECAMINES are enough for about 50 years.

For technical director Jorion, half a century isn't mich. He says: "Remem—
ber the Borinage area in 1930 and see what a sad spectacle it is today. That
changed quickly." The technical director stated--and that seems paradoxical--
that the true role of the Shaba region "is less mineral than it is vegetable."
Hence the interest that he shows in the program to improve the land and its
agricultural riches. For all of the Shaba region 175,000 tons of corn are
needed each year. Local production is about 35,000 tons. The 140,000 tons
brought in involve an expenditure of 1.5 billion Belgian francs. Hence the
need for assistance, not only to maintain the present production of corn

but also to increase it.

Help from the CEPSE has been requested, and at the same time it is proposed

to provide training to the farmers, However, on this latter point an engineer,
Mboladinga, emphasizes the difficulty of having corn grown in certain parts

of the Shaba region by farmers who believe that truck garden produce is more
profitable. Whatever the situation, the Belgian aid mission has decided to
provide 100 million Belgian francs to CEPSE, out of 420 million Belgian francs
earmarked for agricultural development in Zaire in 1983. This is a stage on
the road to food self-sufficiency, because according to certain experts the
Shaba region by itself would be capable of feeding all of Zaire.

Skilled workers employed at the mining centers of Shaba are often trained at
Salama Technical Institute, operated by the Salesian Brothers of Don Bosco,

72



SENEGAL

OPPOSITION WANTS SINGLE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE
AB241457 Paris AFP in French 1245 GMT 24 Dec 82

[Text] Dakar, 24 Dec (AFP)--Mamadou Dia, candidate for the Senegalese
presidential elections, has stated that negotiations are underway between
the opposition parties to present a single candidate in the presidential
elections scheduled to take place in the spring and a common departmental
list for the legislative elections to be held next February.

At a news conference organized by his party, the People's Democratic
Movement (MDS-socialist self-management), he announced that these negotia-
tions have already led to the signing of a joint program of "patriotic
opposition," but he did not state the contents ‘and signatories.

Mr Dia, who recently stepped down in favor of Abdoulaye Thiam as the
leader of the party, said his candidacy in the presidential elections was
"the result of a disastrous policy which has plunged Senegal into an
unprecedented crisis." He condemned the "shameful use of religious for
specially electoral purposes," referring--without naming it--to the support
given by the general caliph of the important Mouride Muslim brotherhood

to President Abdou Diouf, the Senegalese head of state.

Mr Dia stated his intention to establish, if elected, a secular state and
a religious society “without giving way to fanatism." He also promised
to initiate a policy of self-management based on self~administration of
the communities at the grassroot level.

Finally, he expressed his support for a condemnation of the military and
monetary agreements signed with France.

CSO: 3419/371

33



NEW AVENUE OPENS FOR BLACK INVESTORS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Dec 82 p 22

[Article by Don Wilkinson]

[Text ]

f ALTHOUGH they”
gare perfectly free to
invest in shares via the
‘Johannesburg Stock
-Exchange, other
Sopportunities for
Blacks to put their
;Savings to work are
; Comparatively few.
j. A new avenue has
f been opened, howev-
ser, by African Devel-
.Opment and Construc-
‘tion Holdings
‘(ADCH), which is
making a public offer
of 400 000 R1 shares at
par—to Blacks only.
Chaired by well-
known African busi.
nessman Sam Motsue-
nyane, ADCH has a
51 percent stake in
African Development
‘and Construction
Company (ADCC),
with Murray & Ro-
berts holding the re-
maining 49 percent.
ADCH operates as
-civil engineers and
contractors and is
managed by Roberts
Construction.

CSO: 3400/501

The issue is aimed ©

at raising funds for the
development of hous-
ing, apartments and

-shopping-commercial

projects. on - stands
already acquired or to
be acquired.

These stands are
situated in different
Black residential areas
and -“responses from

;the community coun-
tcils and administration
‘boards to applications
‘for land for housing
are extremely encour-
aging,” says the pro-
spectus for the issue.

A minimum
-R200 000 is required,
:the issue is not under-
=written, and the re-
‘ceiving. barik for sub-
scriptions is the Afri-
can Bank.

No application has
been made, as yet, for
a JSE listing, which is
‘scarcely. surprising in
view of the compara-
tive smallness . of

48

“ADCH “and the ab-

sence of w spread of
shareholders.

Sales for the year
ended next June are
estimated at R5-mil-
lion, to produce pre-
tax profits of R120 000
and equity earnings of
19¢ a share on an aver-
age equity of 300 000
shares, Dividends
have not been paid,
and it should take
some time before they
come along.

Given the potential
growth element in
providing Black hous-
ing and other facilities
and bearing in mind
the Murray & Roberts
connection and invest-
ment, the longer ‘term
Prospects of the group
look considerable.

SOUTH AFRICA



(iii) Nigeria has no national data base of
any kind including the mundane population”
count data base. Even the just concluded ;
voters’ registration exercise, which cover the
same age span of 18 years and’above, and
which may form the working base for the
contracting firms that shalt produce the iden-

tity cards, is at best very unreliable.

‘The production of these cards, given the
confused and unexisting national data base
become at best, an exercise for the confoun-
ding of the existing national data confussion.
I would not be surprised if, in the presenta-
tion of an-identity card, my great grand
father, and many other great grand fathers
shall experience the biblical resurrection
without the second coming of Jesus Christ.

(iv) There is a practice in Nigeria and other
countries known as the sworn declaration of
age. This practice as with most other prac-
tices in Nigeria, has been most grossly abused
by social frauds. In fact, you can find
biological parents having a two-seven year
age differential with their biological offspr-
ings in the public services of the country.

Since one of the most crucial variaBle in the
national identification .card producing and
is age, then how reliable shall be the
consideration given to this variable given our
propensity to distort‘and corrupt age?

(v) Because we are corruption prone, and
also because of our age-old yet historically
very reliable system of social stratification,
many Nigerians have several to many names.
‘Thus a man may be named Udo-Udo as well
a Saviour, and if he is also a Catholic a mid-
dle name of Kasmir. This single fellow has
three names and may use all three in various

circumstances depending upon what he wants
and how he wants what he wants. This pro-“
blem of multiple names and ‘aliases’ shall
further complicate the problems of accurately
producing for individual bearing, the na-
tional identification cards.

(vi) A quick look at our public and private
eaterprise systems immediately reveal a
fluidity of our entreprenural systems. Public
enterprises ‘as well as private ones experience
crib deaths, infant mortalities and sometimes
metamorphosis. .

The problem of associating, and therefore
identifying workers with enterprises become
exceptionally frustrating. Added to these are
the problems of job mobility, job transciency
and positions attrition especially in the public
services. These problems shall not make the
process of national identity cards production
easy and reliable.

cso: 3400/512

(vii) Lastly, if attempts were to be made to

attend functionally and theraputically to the
problems mentioned above, then the contract
fulfilment period of 18 months appears too
short. This then makes me suspect that what
we shall get after 18 months shall be at beet,
what we have now or normally, a further con-
foundment of the worst that we now have
and experience.

Given these awsome problems and condi-
tions, should we then abandon the exercise
altogether? My answer is not really. We have
to begin somewhere. Since we must begin, I
make the following suggestions that may help
us bring some measures of reliability and
authenticity to the identity cards producing
and bearing process.

(i All cards produced should bear owners
passport photograph, thumb-print and iden-
tification numbers. All numbers should be
serially progressive with a local base code.

(ID Duplicates of these cards must have the
same requirements as the originals and loss
shall be reproduced from these only on suc-
cessful production of some or all the data re-
quirements on the original card, for a fee,
and after a period of waiting and verification
time.

(iii) Cards should be made absolutely non-
transferable in all transactional contexts.

(iv) There must be established many other
strict conditions for reporting loss/replace-
ment, at least until the.anomalous data-base
situation improves over time.

(v), Possession af cards should be made a
condition for being involved in any and all
kinds of social, economic and political tran-
sactions by appropriate citizens and perma-
nent residents.

So far so good readers. I wish you a happy
week ahead of you.

21



iased against the police, we simply ;
{cannot believe that everything is
‘rosy in a detention cell, particularly
‘at John Vorster. Unfortunately the
flaw has to take cognisance of a
jwhole brace of factors and it be-
‘comes difficult if not downright dan-
igerous to doubt the court’s partial-
city.

Whatever the feelings of parties
“one way or the other, the important
_ thing is that detention without trial

is simply not on. We are not only
alluding to the inhumanity of keep-
‘ing a person at the complete mercy
‘of the police for lengthy periods, nor
the helplessness and despair solitary
“confinement entails. We are’ also
concerned about the kind of damage
done to the country, to the Security
Police and to justice in general.

cso: 3400/501

51



SOUTH AFRICA

REAGAN'S PROSPECTS, SIGNIFICANCE FOR RSA
MB311331 Johannesburg THE STAR in English 31 Dec 82 p 10
[Editorial: "Reagan At the Turning Point"]

[Text] It is an old axiom in golf that the third round of a 72-hole tournament
is vital in that it often indicates the eventual winner.

So, in a way, does the 3d year of the 4-year term of the United States presi-
dent. How he performs more often than not gives a pointer to his re-election

prospects.

By the end of his 3d year, Jimmy Carter's vacillation and u-turns on major
issues (with the Camp David Middle East peace talks his only real success)
and his general naivete in dealing with Russia had doomed him to the ignominy
of losing his re-election bid, despite his White House base and enormous
presidential powers.

On the other hand it seems that Ronald Reagan's re-election prospects (should
he decide to stand) edge in his favour as he goes into his 3d year--and
approaches his 72d birthday his government is highly efficient and his personal
popularity remains high. The great communicator still smothers the electorate
with charismatic speeches and personal appearances, and, as one commentator
said, there remains a "pool of patience" with his efforts on the domestic front
to cut taxes and reduce government spending.

As promised, he has scythed through government regulations, reduced interest
rates and the cost of living and the dollar is strong. Yet, unemployment grows
and a staggering 30 percent of America's enormous industrial capacity is idle--
an achilles heel which cannot be ignored.

After 2 years, Mr Reagan is having to come to grips with foreign affairs.
Although his MX missile plan has run into trouble in congress, his overall re-
pbuilding of U.S. defences and firmness with the Soviets is popular, and in Mr
George Shultz he has picked a winner of a secretary of state whose first 6
months in office have already done much to calmthe nerves of Western government
badly jarred by the confrontational style of Mr Alexander Haig.

60



NAMIBIA

Caprivi Land Dispute Continues
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 22 Dec 82)....seeeeeeeeereeeeee

Kavango Detainee Mystery Deepens
(Karl Gowaseb; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 14 Dec 82).......

Formation of Damara Administration Going Ahead Despite Boycott
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 14 Dec 82)......eseeeeeseeeeees

Claims Denied That Klue Enlisted British 'Dogs of War’

(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 20 Dec 82)....-+.++e0- see eeeoee
NIGER
"AFP' on Kountche Speech to Diplomatic Corps
(AFP, 31 Dec 82)
NIGERIA

Reasons For, Against Using Identity Cards Analyzed
(Ahaziah Umanah; THE NIGERIAN CALL, 1-2 Dec 82)...... wees

Further Ideas Reported on Cause of Religious Riots
(Editorial; THE NIGERIAN CALL, 1-2 Dec 82).....-.-+eeee-s

Flour Mill Situation in Country Detailed

(THE NIGERIAN CALL, 1-2 Dec 82)..... tee wee eee enee ee eeee
Further Reportage on Religious 'Fanatics'

(AFRICA, Dec 82)......-6+ te eeesecceee a eee eeecee ec eceeeees
Waste of Many Tons of Rubber Decried

(THE NIGERIAN CALL, 1-2 Dec 82)..... bee ee enone dee cee enone
Briefs

Appeal to Unions

GDP Drops

Law Reform Urged
RWANDA

Ugandan Refugees Entering Rwanda
(Etienne Ugeux; LE SOIR, 25 Nov 82).........++- ee ccceeces

SENEGAL

"LE SOLEIL' Writes on Casamance Demonstration
(AFP, 30 Dec 82)......06

14

17

18

19

20

22

23

24

27

28
28

30

32



A number of surveys were made to assess the mines, and in the end, Austro-
Minerals, a subsidiary of the multi-national, the mustrian Volst-Alpine, were
awarded the technical and marketing contract.

The new mining company, the Marampa Iron Ore Mining Company, the first wholly-
owned Government mining company, has been set up with a share capital of Le22
million. Twenty million dollars was spent on the re-activation of the mines.

President Stevens described the re-activation of the Mines as a miracle in
the history of mining industry performed by the joint efforts of the Sierra
Leone Government and Austro-Mineral.

On the Company's expansion plans, President Stevens noted that in addition to
providing the country with much needed foreign exchange, it also hopes to gen-
erate enough funds to facilitate the exploitation of the iron ore deposits at
Tonkolili.

The Minister of Mines, Mr Gbassay Kanu, said in his address that studies had
revealed the existence of huge deposits of primary ore in the two hills, in
addition to the ore in the tailings, will increase the life-span of the Mines
so considerably more than the initially projected 12 years of economic activi-
ties.

cso: 3400/511

40



Government wishes to emphasize that dealers engaged in illegal practices in
relation to the sale of petrol and kerosene should desist from such practice
forthwith and the full force of the law will be brought to bear on anyone
caught in this act.

Government also wishes it to be known that with immediate effect all sales of
petrol in containers by pumping stations should cease forthwith. Allowance
could however be made for sale of not more than one gallon to consumers in
extreme circumstances. The full cooperation of the oil marketing companies,
and distributors of petrol and kerosene is requested in order to ensure that
the objective of government to make available petrol and kerosene to the
general public without difficulties is achieved.

CSO: 3400/526

38



DECLINE IN TERROR ACTS--A police spokesman, Maj Vic Heyns, said in Pretoria
that the decline in terrorist activity in the past year can be attributed to
effective action by the security forces. In this respect he referred to the
successful raid on terrorist bases in Lesotho. Major Heyns, who is attached
to the police directorate for public relations, was reacting to a report in
which the head of the Institute for Strategic Studies at the University of
Pretoria, Prof Mike (Hough), said there had been only 25 terror incidents in
South Africa in 1982, against 55 in 1981. However, Major Heyns pointed out
that no meaningful deduction could be made from the fact that there had been
more fatal shootings of terrorists in the past year than arrests, while the
position had been the reverse in previous years. He said the change situation
could be attributed to various factors such as the security forces more often
coming up against the type of criminal who forcefully resisted arrest, or who
was caught in the act. They often over-estimated their ability to offer
resistance to the security forces. [Text] [MB020653 Johannesburg Domestic
Service in English 0500 GMT 2 Jan 83]

WARNING ISSUED BY BOTHA--The prime minister, Mr P.W. Botha, says the large
measure of consultation and deliberation among the leaders of the various
population groups in South Africa has been an outstanding feature of 1982. In
his New Year's message to the nation, Mr Botha said important steps have been
taken in the constitutional field in the past year to bring about orderly change
in South Africa. He says the implementation of the new strategy for regional
development has given greater impetus to decentralization and economic develop-
ment. With regard to relations with neighboring countries, Mr Botha said South
Africa extended the hand of friendship to all those who sought economic progress.
The country was also prepared to conclude nonaggression pacts with all its
neighbors. He warned the neighboring states that there should be no doubt

about South Africa's national will and determination to defend its security.
Referring to the south-west African question, Mr Botha said that because of

the strategic importance of the territory, South Africa wanted a just settle-
ment that would ensure the stability of Southern Africa. The cause of stability
and progress would not be served by allowing a red flag to be hoisted in
Windhoek. [Text] [MBO10717 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT

1 Jan 83]

DEPORTATION PROTEST--Durban.--Churchmen have espressed anger at a letter from
the Departement of the Interior ordering the head of Diakonia's Churchaand In-
dustry Programme to leave South Africa. Miss Marlene Volkmer, who is from
Germany, has been told to leave the country by December 31 because "her direct
and indirect involvement with various aspects of industrial relations in
South Africa cannot be reconciled with her defined frame of religious duties."
But Miss Volkmer, who has been working in South Africa since 1975, believes

it is part of her "Christian duty" to make churches aware of the situation

of industrial workers in South Africa. In a statement issued on Wednesday
Durban clergymen protested strongly at the departement's action. The state-
ment claimed Miss Volkmer's job description submitted to the departement by
the church every six months referred to "courses of a religious and social na-
ture and assistence in parish work." "We fall to see any conflict between her
job description as submitted to the departement and the work she had actually
done for Diakonia," the statement said. "The church has a prophetic duty to
defend workers when their rights are flouted. Miss Volkmer has played a
valueble part in assisting Diakonia's member churches to exercise such a duty."
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Dec 82 p 10

CS0: 3400/510 —
63



“of the Central Committee.
cructed

| INTENTION

: > fw pursuance, of fts course of intrigue, the
‘NUGS executive a few ‘weeks’ ago also‘ displayed
‘on the students notice boards copies of an. un-
signed fetter, pul to have been ‘snatched
from the Castle. ‘The letter was supposed to. reveal
the Intention of the Government to: order the
‘closure of the untversitles so 2s to deploy students
on task ‘force dutles. The executive then urged
students to go.on demonstrations to oppose the
task force ptan-. But..some students asked the
executive why the letter was unsigned. Again the
executive reeled back without-en-answer." "~~

dust fast week, the ‘clique among the’ NUGS executive
produced yet another form of intrigue. The NUGS had assem-

bled at Legon for tts Central Committee Out of the:
blue, cne of the. conspirators produced document purport:
‘ed fo be the resignation fetter of Chrie Atim‘to the PNDC
Chairman. The conspirators tried to force the Central Com
mittee to take # position In support of the letter against the
NDC even though was hrrelevant to the business for
which the committee hed assembled. But members of the
Central Committee asked. how the fetter came Into the
possession of the conspirators when, so far as anyone was"
‘aware, it had not reached. the PNDC Chairman :yet. Again.
no answer was forthcoming, and the move to get the NUGS
to take a position’ on It was firmly: defeated by the majority

A question which everyone should
‘ail the chennefs made .avaitable fo the NUGS for

direct contact with the Government, why Is the NUGS execu-—
tive bent on Ignoring those, chanhels and rather always. .
seeking to push sfudents agetnst the Government on every -

tssue? Why does the executive choose to team up, with the

"discredited politiclans, who have oppressed the masses. of
the people: for so lang? Why dees the executive prefer to -

go-Into an alliance with the extremists. of the dissolved NDC
whom the members of the executive used to condemn?
Why Ts the NUGS executive so bent on teaming up with some

led themselves with

ple’s: revolution? *

: Students, must also debate why the NUGS. executive has
been so . to create Issues ‘where
there are no issues and misinform students at all turns
ivst to set them against the revolution. Why does the NUGS
executive take this line of misinformation whitst its members
are.readily granted: audience at the Castfe and Gonder

i
F
sf i
Hi
iy

‘Barracks any ‘time they want RK?" + at

This revolution is" for everyone; those who .sée them:
selves cutside It, are the cheats and acomplices of external

"and Internal enemies.’ The revolutionaty process has reached.,

“a stage where the PNDC must’ deat firmly with the likes of
the conspirators In the NUGS leadership. Students want to
he In the forefront of the revolutionary struggle ‘to create
more respectable ‘soclat conditions for the deprived parents
whe have sacrificed everything In order thet the youth would
be better trained ‘to serve thelr nation and people. © |
‘Student teaders who take money from enemies and
seek to, abuse the Intelligence of students must be firmly
‘dealt w . . vot

cso: 3400/517

ask be: With
unfettered.



EXONERATION OF POLICE IN AGGETT DEATH HIT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Dec 82 p 4

[Editorial: "Aggett Verdict"]

[Text]

AIF the verdict’ into ‘the death of Dr

‘Neil Aggett was received with a,

sense of shock by some people, there
are others who are saying it was to
‘be .
The Inquest Court magistrate Mr
PA J Kotze said Dr Aggett’s death
was not brought about by any act or
omission on the part of the police.
He said he and his assessor, Profes-
sor L S Smith had concurred that Dr
Aggett died by suicidal hanging. The
‘finding on the case of the death was
‘a matter of law and was his own
decision.
_ On Dr Aggett’s condition before
the suicide,Mir Kotze said: “I cannot
.find that the police officers were
aware’ of changes in Dr Aggett. I
have come to the conclusion that Dr
Aggett was a man devoted to a
-cause. During his period of deten-.
tion, he disclosed particulars of his
activities and that of some of his as-
sociates. This brought about feelings
of insecurity in his future because of
a sense of betrayal.”

The inference is that Dr Aggettt
took this step because he felt he had.
betrayed his friends. Everybody is
entitled to his point of view and one
should accept the fact that a judicial
officer is acting according to the
‘dictates of the law and ‘that he is

‘impartial. Still,” many people feel’
‘that these inquest cases are simply
| too dicey to take on, except of course

to give some light and perhaps some
dication of what might be happen-
g in the abominable secrecy of
‘detention cells.

ro It is.a-sit0ot point of. coarse that a
man can be driven to suicide either
‘because he was finding the physical
"and mental circumstances of the de-
{tention unbearable or that he was
;the kind of ideologue who would
‘rather take his life than face
‘ betrayed friends.
: The Aggett case caused as wide a
‘stir ds did the death of Steve Biko
‘more than five years ago. Both men
jdied under most painful conditions,
{if the evidence led in the inquests has
‘to be believed. Both were considered
_men.,of oustanding courage and
| character and their deaths were met
with widespread dismay and out-
Tage. When Dr.Aggett was buried
| there were scenes of passion enacted
‘that are very seldom seen.
Perhaps the most painful thing
about such inquests is to sée Security
{Police like Major, Arthur Cron
‘wright and Lieutenant Steven
| Whitehead given a clean bill of
|health. While we may’ accept the
w that detainees will inevitably be

50

SOUTH AFRICA



There are in addition other liberalists such as Prof Willie Esterhyse, Prof
Sampie Terreblanche, Prof Johan Heyns, and others who object to having Conser-
vative Party people being in the Broederbond along with them.

Furthermore, it is pointed out that the Nationalist Party has not yet crumbled.
If it weakens further then the approach between itself and the New Republic
Party will intensify. This sort of relationship between Nationalist Party and
New Republic Party people will lead to further disturbance in.the Broederbond
between Nationalist Party and Conservative Party supporters.

The problem with the Conservative Party is that in past years its members have
stayed in the Broederbond at the time that blatant left wing propaganda in the
organization was being carried on with scholarly documents and circular letters.
Some of these scholarly documents have already been published and it is a ques-
tion of what the attitude of the present Conservative Party members was at the
time that the documents were circulated.

The Left

Spokesmen are pointing out that during past years the Broederbond has been char-
acterized by left wing propaganda emanating from its ranks and it is being sus-
pected that there is no great resistance to this from within the organization.
Some of these documents were still being circulated as recently as January and
June of last year.

One of these scholarly documents is titled: "The Management of Special Norms
in a Multi-National Society." It is nothing more than a blue print of the
integration policy of P. W. Botha.

Still another scholarly document circulated in January of 1981 is titled: "Re-
port of the Task Group Dealing with the Question of Whether Legal Protection

Is a Necessary Prerequisite for the Existence of the Afrikaners and the Whites."
The document openly advocates the abolition of existing apartheid measures and
also expresses serious misgivings against the maintenance of such laws as the
Immorality Act, the Act on Mixed Martiages, the Population Registration Act and
others. It also contains a fervent plea in favor of opening Afrikaans Univer-
sities to non-whites.

What is meaningful is the fact that these documents were circulated at the time
that Prof Carel Boshoff was already the chairman of the Broederbond. He is
generally regarded as a conservative. This provides the inference that he had
been previously bound to allow the circulation of these views as Broederbond
views. This also means that the leftist direction of his predecessor, Dr Ger-
rit Viljoen, has been inherited unaltered.

Both within and outside of the Broederbond there is a strong feeling that if
the organization can play such a significant role in the struggle for Afrikaner
culture and white existence then it must be unshackled from its present founda-
tion and the course it has undertaken since the seventies.

7964
csO: 3401/11

56



CHARCOAL PROJECT OPENED IN CENTRAL REGION
Accra DAILY GRAPHIC in English 13 Dec 82 p 1

[Article by E. G. K. Deletsa and J. W. Ocran, Abura Patuako]

[Text] ©THE first small-scale rurat
ented charcoal manufacturing
jindustry in the country has been
‘opened at, Abura Patuako in the
Central Region. .
The project has been made poss-
ible through technical advice: given
Techno-Service, an Accra based
anisation which provides techni-
-al service to thé ativancement ‘of
srural industry. .
The project, estmated at about
-€50,000, would also produce wood-

‘tarand creosote as by-products.
The Secretary for Rural Develop--
“ment and Co-operatives, Mr Kweku
‘Ankomah who cut the tape to declare
‘the ‘project open appealed to the
{people to encourage their wards to be
“frained to attain self-reliance in rural
industrialisation projects.
Mr Ankomah also announced that
35 crushers will arrive in the country
‘to be distributed to co-operative sti-
‘garcane farmers to ena’le them to
“produce sugar from:sugar canes.
~ The: Secretary ‘emphasised the
‘need for self-reliance and advised

cagainst éalling on government to

“provide the basic needs which they

2themselves could provide through
If-help projects. :

+ Earlier, Rev Maclean Agyiri Kumi,

acting-chairman .of Accra District

{Methodist Church, presented to the

é

inated by the Methodist Church
Stowa in the United States of America
Ao the village for the adv:
attempts te industrialize their
yal community.

cso: 3400/517

10



SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2747

CoNTENTS

ETHIOPIA

Manager Outlines Dairy Production
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 17 Dec 82).......

JPRS 82635

13 January 1983

Ambassador Notes Growing Ethio-Bulgarian Relations

(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 16 Dec 82)....+...

Regime Denies Nerve Gas Use in Horn

(Editorial; THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 15 Dec 82)........ see 4
Briefs
Menesibu Feeder Road Completed 6
GHANA
Student Leadership Denounced for Activism
(Editorial; GHANAIAN TIMES, 13 Dec 82)... 7
$10-Million USSR Credit for Ghana
(Abigail S. Bonsu; DAILY GRAPHIC, 16 Dec 82)... 9
Charcoal Project Opened in Central Region
(E. G. K. Deletsa, J. W. Ocran; DAILY GRAPHIC,
13 Dec 82). .ceeceeecseecvceee ee cceeececs cece ccees eens 10
Greek Firm Eases Berthing Problem at Port
(Douglas Akwasi; GHANAIAN TIMES, 13 Dec 82).......+++e 11
MADAGASCAR
President Ratsirka's New Year Message
(Ratsiraka; Antananarivo Domestic Service, 31 Dec 82).. 12
-a- {III - NE & A - 120]



essential aspect, that is, identifying all these people who were coming
into Rwanda. Uganda alleges that they are 1959 refugees who wish to re-
enter our country, where there is peace and harmony.

"In fact, they are just refugees. Once upon a time the Kingdom of Rwanda
included part of Uganda and the Eastern portion of Zaire. Therefore;, it is
necessary to classify these refugees. And we note that there are three
categories. First of all, there are Ugandans of Rwandan origin who were
living on the other side when the colonial borders were drawn. Then there
are Rwandan emigrants who went to look for work in Uganda and settled on
fertile land there. Finally, there are Rwandan refugees who left our country
in 1959 and later. I therefore emphasize that there are three categories

of refugees; the real Ugandans who are Rwandan by culture, the "economic"
emigrants, and the political refugees.

"Tn our country we are prepared to accept. the two latter categories, because
we do not turn back our own people. Identification of the refugees is not
yet complete, but estimates show already that out of 43,000 refugees there
are only about 6,000 economic emigrants and political refugees or other
persons who hold either Rwandan identity doucments or a card from the UN High
Commission for Refugees. We do not accept the first category, and the
political refugees are treated like the others, receiving assistance from the
UNHCR and international organizations. The UNHCR has requested $5 million

in assistance. Regarding the 37,000 other refugees, we cannot keep them.
They must return to Uganda, and’ discussions to this end are going forward with
Kampala. Or else the UNHCR must find another country for them. We have

set up temporary camps, but we have no place to settle them. You know as
well as I do that there isn't a square meter of our country which is not
under cultivation. Furthermore, among these refugees are cattle herders who
have come in with 50 to 60,000 head of cattle, when we already don't have
enough grazing area for our 700,000 cattle, whose total. number we are trying
to reduce. In addition, these herds of cattle threaten'to contaminate our
cattle, and the veterinary service has set up sanitary barricades."

As we can see, the problem of these refugees has not been resolved, particular-
ly since many of them state that they have been expelled from Uganda. Let
us recall that there are 5 million refugees throughout Africa.

We had a final question to ask President Habyarimana concerning the summit
meeting of the Organization of African Unity. He said that he would go to
the second summit meeting in Tripoli, but he was surprised that after meeting
for 5 days the 50 African ministers of foreign affairs present in the

Libyan capital had not been able to resolve the irritating problem of Chadian
participation before the arrival of the chiefs of state.

5170
CSO: 3419/336

31



at Lubumbashi. This is a model school. Some 300 students at the school
learn mechanics, the operation of machine tools, and become electricians
and even printers. About a dozen Belgian aid advisers work there. The
Belgian assistance program also earmarks about 1.5 million Belgian francs
and contributes 75 percent of the 3 million Belgian francs granted by a
non-governmental organization. In return all of the equipment goods must
be purchased in Belgium.

As she left the technical institute, our secretary of state for cooperation
told all of the students gathered in the courtyard: "I wish that Belgium
could see how you look. Then Belgium would understand better what assis-—
tance is."

226 Nov 82 p 37

ffext7 In Zaire, as everywhere in Africa, people travel a great deal. As
the roads are often impassable, the best means of transporation are the
canoe and the airplane! Airplanes are generally packed, but not always,
as we were to see when we returned to Kinshasa from Lubumbashi.

It was Saturday evening at Luano airport. The Boeing 707 was waiting on

the apron. This was a flight chartered by students going to the University
of Kinshasa. Among the students were women and older people, as well as
gate-crashers. Suddenly, it was time to board the aircraft. It turned out
to be an assault worthy of the taking of the Bastille! The steward in
charge of the passenger cabin just had time to lift up the loading stairs in
order to prevent the crowd from coming on board. The police had to intervene
to let Mrs Mayence's small group sneak on board. Then three times, despite
the protests of the crew, each time the boarding stairs were lowered, there
was a frantic fistfight, which was dangerous for the aircraft. Finally, the
Boeing took off with about 100 seats empty whereas, had there been a little
organization, almost all the travelers could have been accommodated, A
simple story but indicative of the public's lack of discipline and of the
lack of foresight on the part of the airline. It would have been easy to num-
ber the seats and to control access to the apron next to the aircraft.

After the clearer air of the Shaba region, it was in the suffocating heat of
Kinshasa that Mrs Mayence caught up with us on Sunday on board the GECAMINES
jet. And the marathon continued. There is no Sunday in Zaire. Everyone
goes about the errands which he could not complete during the week. The

city is packed near the small markets. Only the gasoline filling stations
are closed. Often, long lines of automobiles wait for fuel for several days.
When it receives its supply of fuel a filling station generally receives 2,000
liters. Just enough to take care of about 50 customers, Then they stop and
wait for the following day!

Mrs Mayence did not take it easy on Sunday, wanting to see on the ground
whether the decisions reached by the mixed higher committee were in accor-—
dance with the real, basic needs of Zaire. Her policy is based on three main
points: health, agriculture, infrastructure. To that end two basic elements
are needed: teams of experts in several fields and the association of hos-
pitals in Belgium with those in Zaire.

73



NIGER

"AFP' ON KOUNTCHE SPEECH TO DIPLOMATIC CORPS
ABO21103 Paris AFP in French 1419 GMT 31 Dec 82

[Text] Niamey, 31 Dec (AFP)--Head of state of Niger Col Seyni Kountche
on Friday expressed the hope that Africans will, thanks to "a spirit of
tolerance and the virtues of dialogue," be able to safeguard the OAU
which, according to him, is presently threatened.

Addressing the members of the diplomatic corps on the occasion of the
presentation of new year wishes, President Kountche hoped that in 1983
“the Namibian people will accede to national sovereignty, that the matyred
Palestinian people will finally regain their most fundamental national
rights" and that "the abominable policy of racial discrimination (in
South Africa), the most serious insult to mankind, should be eradicated
forever from the continent."

President Kountche also expressed the satisfaction that is brought about
by the "philosophy which underlies the action [word indistinct] in favor
of Niger, Africa and the world. We saw in it more than a hint of
generosity, a true reformulation of concepts which govern relations between
industrialized nations and the Third World countries, a manifestation of
conscious and objective solidarity for the just cause of equality and
stability in the world."

cso: 3419/371

19



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of
U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.


ZIMBABWE

DETAILS OF FUEL DISTRIBUTION RULES CLARIFIED
MB311306 Harare Domestic Service in English 1745 GMT 30 Dec 82

[Text] Last week the ministry of industry and energy development, Comrade -
Makhonye, issued a directive concerning a scheme to achieve a more equitable
and orderly distribution of fuel in order to avoid chaos at retail outlets of
their choice. Although the registration exercise has proceeded well, a few
problems have arisen in the process. Some service station owners are refusing
to register motorists, arguing that their registers are now full. Others are
now insisting on serving only those members who are registered with them and
refuse to serve motorists from outside the centers concerned.

To clarify some of these misunderstandings, the minister of industry and energy
development has directed that:

1. No owner of a retail outlet shall deny a motorist from registering a
vehicle [words indistinct].

2. Fuel will continue to be sold in the normal way until the registration exer-
cise is completed, and therefore, no motorist should be denied service at a re-
tail outlet [words indistinct]. Any out-of-town and tourist card should not be
denied service at the outlet.

3. Retail outlets shall be open between 6 AM and 9 AM from Monday to Saturday
and 4 PM to 6 PM from Monday to Friday. Retailers shall sell a determined
maximum quantity of fuel, which they have been [words indistinct] and which
will be adjusted from time to time as circumstances direct.

4. Vehicles belonging to companies or firms which receive fuel in bulk should
not register at retail outlets, [words indistinct] fuel from their own (?pumps).
As soon as the registration exercise has been completed, on a date to be agreed
between government and representatives of fuel retailers, [words indistinct]

of the distribution of motorists between service stations will be undertaken.
Allocations of fuel to outlets will also be undertaken prior to the measures
coming into effect. The public are asked to show cooperation and patience in
this difficult situation.

cso: 3400/523

88



ERAB TO BACK HOUSING FOR KWA-VEZI PEOPLE

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 20 Dec 82 p 13

[Text]

HE PEOPLE OF Kwa-Vezi, the shanty town on the out-)
skirts of Tsakane near Brakpan, will at last be able to ball

their own! houses next year.

The “Bast Rand- “Ad-
ministration Board.
gad the Tsakane.
Community Council
will introduce a- site
and service. scheme
“next January. and res-
idents will ‘be alloted’
plots to. build. . their
own houses.

eFhe. Board will. ‘spend
about R750 000 as from’
January unti June, to.
provide water and sew-
erage facilities for - at
Jeast-500 families...»
.-Mr J. H Opperman,
the senior director of the
eboard, told the SOWE-
TAN last week that for.a
start; 500 sites will be
savailable next.year.for
residents to build their
own houses, as soon as
more money was. avail-
able, more ‘sites would
be alloted.

“The board has de-
cided to introduce the
site and: service scheme
for residents’ to. build

their - own houses. be-

csO: 3400/501

€ preventtys ne

board. does::not “have!
=funds to provide-housing:
“for each and-every fam-
-ily on the housing wait-

‘Shanty: Town; was crée-
ated: last yearby the:
East Rand Administra
‘tion Board, after the re=
moval | of : hundreds -of
fatnilies who: were

bie]
the:
‘board stiored the

Provided with water and

“were using night soit

bugket system.

43

by The SOWETAN yes-:
terday. said: they were:
-happy'to. be. provided’
with permanent sites.
where’ they. would be:
able: to. build’ their own
houses: Others said it
was a good idea for the
board. to introduce site
and service scheme, but
it.would be impossible:
for other families to:
build their own houses
because of, lack of,
money. ~~~". °° “4

The families also
called on the board to

- speed up the allocation

of sites because living
conditions at Kwa-Vezi
were “horrible” and not
fitfor human beings. - .,

SOUTH AFRICA



NIGERIA

WASTE OF MANY TONS OF RUBBER DECRIED
Calabar THE NIGERIAN CALL in English 1-2 Dec 82 p 1

[Text] Several thousand nictric «deteriorate the quality of the

tonnes of rubber crumbs
worth some millions of
naira are lying waste in
the warchouses of the
Nigerian Rubber Board
in

Calabar, the Cross River
State capital.

The rubber crumbs are
id 40 have remained
uncvacuated for a Jong
time.

A source which
described the situation as
very disturbing to the
operations of the Board
said no ship has berth at
the Calabar port to
evacuate the produce for
some time.

According to the source, the
board is only trying to evacuate
the rubber by trailers.

The source which claimed to
have been in the rubber in-
dustry for several years observ-
ed that land transportation of
the produce to its headquarters

| in Benin was injurious to its
quality because of exposure to
certain unhealthy geographical
conditions.

Another competent source
also hinted that the long stay of

the crumbs in the warehouses

3400/512

final rubber.

CALL was informed that
such a‘development is likely to
have an adverse effect on the
Price of the rubber, this is
because it will cost the board a
staggering sum of money to
refine the deteriorating rubber
to meet the original quality.

A top official of the board
blamed the non-evacuation of
the rubber on the under-
utilisation of the Calabar port
by some of our businessmen in
the country.

He suggested that ships
should be diverted to the
Calabar port which is one of |
the largest rubber producing
states in the country.

Contacted for comments, a
Principal_Operation’s Ofticer
who co-ordinates’ the activities
‘of the state, Mr Titus Edet

declined to make any state-
ment.

27



SEYCHELLES

BRIEFS

1983 BUDGET PRESENTED TO PARLIAMENT--Victoria, 28 Dec (AFP)--President France
Albert Rene today warned of hard times ahead as he presented next year's budget to
the Seychelles' parliament. Mr Rene, who also holds the finance portfolio, out-
lined a total expenditure of 65 million U.S. dollars, of which the largest share,
some 13 million dollars would go to the Education and Information Ministry. The
Youth and Defence Ministry will receive 6.5 million dollars. Mr Rene said the
government's priorities would be to reduce the balance of payments deficit and
the level of government borrowing. He also said that the country must exploit
the full potential of all its natural resources in order to increase the
national income and sustain full employment, particularly through agricultural
development. He noted that government-owned companies occupied a crucial
position in the economy and could be looked on as the main engine of growth

in Seychelles. Last month, the government stepped up import duties by 100

per cent on food products and entertainment equipment which it said were not
essential to the country and could be produced locally. [Text] [AB281544

Paris AFP in English 1507 GMT 28 Dec 82]

cso: 3400/525

36



ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

GWEMBE FREE OF LANDMINES--All roads in Gwembe district are now open following
the completion of the landmine clearing exercise by the defence forces, gover-
nor Mr Nicholas Nchimunya has said. He said that even areas such as Kaf-
wambila and Siampondo which were completely sealed off had now been cleared
and famine relief supplies were flowing freely. Mr Nchimunya thanked the
army for a job well done "because we are now able to reach all parts of the
district". [Excerpt] [Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 17 Dec 82 p 2]

FUEL SHORTAGE SAID ENDED--The fuel shortage is over--and the public should
not panic, said a top Government official in Lusaka yesterday. Permanent
secretary for the Ministry of Power, Transport and Communications Mr Esau
Nebwe said a huge shipment of crude oil had arrived and was sufficient to
meet the demand. He said Zambia had experienced a shortage of fuel especially
diesel because there had not been enough crude oil in the Tazama pipeline.

Mr Nebwe deplored long queues of motor vehicles for diesel in Lusaka and on
the Copperbelt and said there was no need to queue. "There were queues be-
cause the pipeline did not have crude oil. Now there is enough fuel because
we have received a new shipment of crude oil from our usual suppliers and there
is no shortage." [Excerpt] [Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 17 Dec 82 p 4]

DOMESTIC FLIGHT FARE INCREASE--Zambia Airways is expected to increase fares
on domestic flights early next year, said commercial manager Mr John Nkonde
in Lusaka yesterday. The move will come one year after previous increase of
40 per cent last January. Mr Nkonde made the announcement at a meeting at a
Lusaka hotel chaired by Ministry of Tourism permanent secretary Mr Duncan
Kaona which was called by the new Tour Operators Association to try and iron
out problems likely to confront the tourist industry during the coming year.
Replying to tour operators who were pressing for an increase of flights to
game areas, he noted that with economic problems it was not feasible as the
airline made no profits on local flights. The flights were subsidised and the
airline which registered a loss of nearly K12 million last year was in "no
mood" to undertake loss-making flights unless assured of adequate passengers.
[Excerpt] [Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 15 Dec 82 p 2]

FUEL RATIONING STARTS--The Zambia National Energy Corporation has introduced
fuel rationing to oil companies until stocks build up at the Ndola Oil Stor-

age Company (Nosco). Nosco general manager Mr Nigel Carter said in Ndola
yesterday fuel rationing to oil firms started on December 3 and the exercise

86



NIGERIA

FURTHER IDEAS REPORTED ON CAUSE OF RELIGIOUS RIOTS

Calabar THE NIGERIAN CALL in English 1-2 Dec 82 p 3

[Editorial in the colum "Comment": "Untenable"]

[Text] A respected traditional ruler, Alhaji Ado Bayero, Emir of Kano, is
said to have linked the religious disturbances in the country to the ideas im-
parted to students by foreign teachers.

With due respect to the Emir's exalted position his point is untenable.
Firstly, there is nothing to link the root causes of the distrubances solely
to students. On the contrary, the facts are that they originate from non-
students and adult religious zealots.

Students have only been known to join in such riots as a matter of habit.
Secondly, talking purely of students, it is impossible to bring up Nigeria's
students in a closed shop, cut off from the free universal flow of ideas. It

is in fact, undesirable to do so.

It is also contrary to the freedom of religion and thought concept of the coun-
try's constitution.

Without prejudice to the findings of the administrative inquiry into the dis-
turbances in some Northern Nigerian cities it must be stated here that the
crisis is part of the dialectical process that has characterized religious
movements through the ages. .

It is only unfortunate that in an era where religious conversion is no longer
undertaken under duress, some people have allowed their enthusiasm to run wild.

They should be dealt with as the common criminals which they are.

A scapegoat should not be found in the academic institutions which are the
storehouses of the free exchange of ideas.

cso: 3400/512

22



was only a temporary measure. The rationing is on three products: petrol,
diesel and low sulphur gas oil which is used by the mines and Zambia Railways.
Mr Carter said the exercise was to ensure Nosco had adequate stocks of fuel
until new supplies were received from Dar es Salaam, "It is probable the ra-
tioning would continue until next when Nosco has built up its fuel stocks."

All the oil companies which include Mobil, Caltex, BP and Total are receiving
30 per cent less fuel than their daily supplies. [Excerpt] [Lusaka SUNDAY TIMES
in English 12 Dec 82 p 1]

DAR-ES-SALAAM-NDOLA OIL PUMPING--Tazama pipelines has resumed the pumping of
crude oil from Dar es Salaam to Ndola after a temporary suspension of opera-
tions due to a shortage of foreign exchange. Permanent Secretary in the Min-
istry of Power, Transport and Communications, Mr Esau Nebwe confirmed in Lu-
saka yesterday that the suspension which threatened to cause a fuel shortage
was lifted this week when operations resumed. The processed products from the
Indeni oil refinery would be pumped into the Ndola Oil Storage Company NOSCO
tomorrow. [Excerpt] [Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 17 Dec 82 p 1]

cso: 3400/516

87



ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

MENESIBU FEEDER ROAD COMPLETED--Nekempte (ENA)--Peasants of Menesibu district
in Gimbe province Wollega region, recently completed a 64-km long feeder

road which joins the main town of the district with the area along the banks
of Abay River. The road, which is already operational, was carried out in a
work compaign, according to the chairman of the peasants' association, Comrade
Boljira Daba. In a similar development, peasants of Wayutuka district in the
same region also maintained a 23 km long road stretching from Boneya to Harjo
town, the district administration office disclosed. [Text] [Addis Ababa

THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 14 Dec 82 p 3]

cso: 3400/515



There is an alternative to both influx control and the present process of con-
stitutional reform. In fact, no acceptable or adequate constitutional reform
is possible without the complete abolition of both influx control and the
forced removal of people.

The two are intimately related and just as it is impossible to graft a new
constitution for coloureds, Asians and whites onto the status quo where the
group areas act is entrenched, so it is impossible to get black co-operation
and support for a new deal whilst influx control is still implemented.

An alternative to influx control should have, at least, the following elements:

--Acceptance of the reality of urban migration and development of a rational
urbanisation policy.

--The limitation of construction, by the state, of sub-economic housing units
for every family that comes to the city, and specifically houses that people
cannot afford.

Instead, the state should project into the future and plan to set aside land
for low income emergency housing. It should accept that people will, and can,
build their own homes and that basic facilities as well as site and service
conditions should be provided.

--Non-interference with the informal economic sector. The government should
accept that it. will not be possible for the private and public sectors to
create jobs at the required rate and should, thus, allow people to seek self-
employment and sustenance.

--An attempt to redirect people, as rationally as possible, to where jobs are
or to where the least over-urbanised conditions exist.

Development of a vigorous policy of rural and environmental renewal in order
to improve agricultural resources and food production.

--Encouragement of decentralisation and deconcentration of industry as much as
is economically feasible. This should not, however, be seen as a panacea or
alternative for a systematic urbanisation policy.

--Above all, the realisation that an alternative to influx control is a multi-
pronged strategy where no simple formulae can be found to cope with the conse-
quences of decades of mismanagement and lack of planning.

Rather than having a white government working out a limited constitutional plan
in its own backroom that excludes 70 percent of the population and then having
it ratified by its own congresses and being bound by them to this plan, and
thereafter trying to sell this plan to the other communities that are supposed
to benefit from its implementation, it would be far more sensible to engage in
the following process:

--Make a declaration of intent stating that it is the government's intention
to negotiate a new constitution with representatives of all population groups

58



The teams of experts in several fields were organized for the first’ time in
1964 to substitute for a government administration which had simply dis-—
appeared following the rebellion. A second experiment of this kind took
place later on but was abandoned, although the reason why is not known.

The second experiment involved four teams of agronomists, doctors, adminis—
trators, and engineers who partially took over the economic development of
a given locality. Such an arrangement smells a little like colonial
administration. However, we were assured} it was Zaire which requested it.
In the current case these teams will operate directly under the provincial
governor. However, how will the middle level Zairian government officials
react? It looks as if they will hardly appreciate this intrusion. That
will be seen on the ground. Moreover, months will pass by before these
teams become operational. They will go through training in Belgium, where
their Zairian colleagues will also come. All of them will be graded on
their suitability.

Regarding the association of hospitals in Belgium with those in Zaire, this
formula is not new either, but it is’ coming back in style. It is presently
envisaged by the Belgian aid mission as applying only to hospitals, as the
private sector has no such "pairing" arrangements in other areas.

At the University of Kinshasa the rector, the secretary general, and the
deans of the various faculties have all raised infinitely good reasons why

a large and varied number of "pairs" should be arranged, Many laboratories
are dilapidated, and libraries have not been receiving additional books

for 6 or 7 years, which slows down, if it does not paralyze, ongoing
research. The university is also asking for permanent professors, particular-
ly in the polytechnical area. The "visiting professors" give intensive
courses for 2 or 3 weeks and all come at more or less the same time, causing
overwork for the students, who are subject to a forced pace which is not very
helpful to their studies.

In reply to all of these justified requests Mrs Mayence could only say and
repeat that Belgian aid was limited and could not sponsor "pairing" in all
fields and that it was necessary to make choices.

Mrs Mayence also met with committees of private Belgian schools, At
Lubumbashi there was good understanding between Flemish and Walloon educa-
tors, who were working in close cooperation. Unfortunately, it was not the
same in Kinshasa, where "activists," as Mrs Mayence called them, are playing a
deplorable role. The UNAWAL, a Walloon association with advanced views, in
its bulletin QUE NOVELE violently attacked the Belgian aid program. The
visit by Mrs Mayence apparently calmed things down. She made some conces—
sions regarding some rather severe measures which she had approved pre-
viously. For its part the UNAWAL, through one of its leaders, expressed

full support for the secretary of state.

Would you like to hear of a more consoling spectaclé.: before we left? It was
the Mass of thanksgiving /Te Deum/ in honor of the Belgian royal family sung
by Monsignor de Schaetzen in the old cathedral of Sainte-Anne, with an
excellent choir also singing. The whole Belgian community was represented

74



COMMENTARY ON RELEASE OF SASO, BPC DETAINEES, KILLING OF HLAPANE

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 20 Dec 82 p 8

[Editorial]
[Text]

§MORE THAN five years ago a:num-
of university students in’ Durban

id elsewhere expressed their ‘soli-
-darity with Frelimo when Mozambi-
:que gained its independence. Their
‘involvement in country-wide rallies
ded to court cases and some were
jailed for years.

Today six former leaders of the
banned Black Peoples’ Convention
(BPC) and the SA Students Organi-
‘sation (SASO), imprisoned in 1976,
‘will be freed after completing their
‘sentences. This will no doubt serve
‘as a wonderful Christmas gift for
‘their relatives and friends. It will
also be a chance for these young
-men, some of them like Dr Aubrey
:Mokoape who were on the threshold
7of their careers, to make a new start
‘in life.

The: others - who. will be released
“include ,Saths ; Cooper, Mosiua‘Le-
jkota, Nkwenkwe Nkomo. and. Phan-
idelani Nefolovhodwe.

+.. The-six.men were jailed after’ the
#SASO-BPC trial which: started in
{1975.. The trial formed the. begin-
ining, of -a pattern’ of events. which
feventually resulted -in~ the. Black
UConsciousness movement making its
remarkable impact. They -were also
‘sentenced at a time of striking events
‘tike June 16 1976, so that their fate

was “somewhat oversha
greater things that happ

""Mhey conducted themselves dur-
‘ing their trial with remarkable com-
mitment and courage — the kind of
thing that has gained them a place in.
the hearts of any.
Free er Fwd
t— all young people on the.threshold
-of their careers — and they gave the’
‘world a sense of what it had to ex-
pect from the young people of this
age. They will be adults when they
step into civy street today and we
are wondering how they will be able
to face problems that have unfortu-
nately become even more compel-
ling, more demanding than they
‘were some five to six years ago.

‘Violence

' THE SHOOTING of former ANC
‘and Communist Party member, Mr
Batholomew Hlapane is an indica;
tion of the kind of violence that 4s
‘likely to become endemic unless
blacks are given a place in the sun.
While we all abhor acts of vio-
lence, there is no doubting it’s
cause, which in simple terms means
‘that blacks should be given a chance
at the negotiating table to decide

44

SOUTH AFRICA



PROGRESS OF BUS BOYCOTT CAMPAIGN DESCRIBED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 20 Dec 82 p 9

[Text]

THE ‘SHADOWY -fig- .
ure comes*lifiping:

‘through the dark. It

jstops, arms akimbo,

igives a big sigh, then

‘limps on again.

| Other ghostly sil-

Shouettes move past.
more energetically.

: They loom larger as they
vapproach and a portrait
comes into focus. i

It is 3.30 in the morn-

“ing and Notah Khumalo .

69) left her four-

roomed house at Mpo-

phomeni ‘Township 30

“minutes earlier. She has '

‘another hour anda half
of walking ahead of her
before she completes

ther journey.

* “She and the other res-
idents of Mpophomeni
are starting the fifth
week of their boycott of
the Impendhle Bus Ser-
vice, hich runs between
their township and
Howick, 17 km away.

This week the Sunday

“Tribune joined the peo-
ple of Mpophomeni on
their. long walk on the
hilly, winding road to,
“work, talking to them ;
and listening to the;
small talk and jokes
iwhich steady them;
throughout the long,
‘tortuous journey. H

‘Since the boycott!
started? they have been’
walking to town and
back, a distance of 34
km a day. The boycott .
entered its second:
month this week And
according to the com-
muters there is sti a!
long way to go before
there can be a truce.

The people must not ©
stop walking, she says. ‘
The bus company must
give in.

“['m almost’ enjoying
it now,” she says, with a

-toothy grin. “But the

first day was terrible. I
almost died. My feet
pained all day and I had
to keep resting along,the
way,” and she sighs
again. .
‘The boycott of the
Impendhle Bus Com-
pany by the people of
Mpophomeni, a town-
ship of about 10 000 res-
idents outside Howick,
was sparked off by a fare
increase of 6c — from
31c to 37ca trip.
Five-day tickets went
up from R1,90 to R2,40.
Asa washerwoman, Mrs
Khumalo does not earn
much. She gets R40 a
month, pays R14 for
rent and what is left is
used to buy food and to

46

“company anymore.

:keep her five il-
-dren at school
“My daughters left
the children with me.
and they're my blood as
‘well. I have to look after
them. I can’t afford the
bus fare. In fact we.

don’t Walt the :bus’

fi “The people here are
Funited. They won't pay.
He's getting no cent
from us. I’d'rather walk
and live than pay and
die of hunger.” Her face
feontorts into knots as
pshe says it.

i" Mrs Khumalo has this
“faith in God. She’s a.
‘Christian, she admits
Teadily.

“God must have
"known at some stage
there would be a bus:
*boycott here and gave
me the strength to keep
‘walking.” And she re-
‘minds you of the miracle
'God performed to save
ithe Israelites during
[their flight from Egypt.

Taxis are doing a
Toaring trade, charging
}50c a head for the trip,
;but she can’t afford it.
She quietly counts using
‘ther fingers and her face
}takes on a surprised
look.

SOUTH AFRICA

Fay T'll spend
(R30 of my salary on,
iithese taxis. That leaves
[me with R10 a month —
not even enough to pay
my rent.”

She’s dragging her
feet, but she will walk
on. She says she will
walk until her feet “rot.”

“I don’t care about
the shoes,” she
chuckles. “I look at’
all these people
walking and I feel
strengthened.”

She leaves home at 3
o'clock ‘every’ morning
Sto be at her employer’s
place at five. That gives
her enough time to rest
and wash her feet before
she starts the day’s
work. .

“I start work earlier
so that I can leave for
home earlier. It’s a good
thing this boycott came
in summer. Can you
imaging the cold in win-
ter: I go to bed earlier
than usual also.”

Petros Mweli, a 68-
year-old father of eight,
says an increase of 6c
makes a “hell of a differ-
ence”. He earns R60 a
week doing the same job



$10-MILLION USSR CREDIT FOR GHANA

Accra DAILY GRAPHIC in English 16 Dec 82 p 1

{Article by Abigail S. Bonsu]

[Text]

cso:

‘THE USSR is to grant
Ghana a credit facility
of 7 million Roubles,
(about 10 million dol-
lars) under an” agree-
ment on economic and
technical co-operation
signed between the two
tries at the Mi-
nistry of Finance and
; Economic Planning in.
Accra yesterday, :

The credit facility is to

be used to meet the cost of

: technical assistance and
equipment required for-a
= number of uncompleted
: Soviet-financed projects
which were abandoned.

after the 1966 coup d’etat.

Specific contracts are
showever to be entered into
‘and agreed upon by the
two Governments for each
project.

The projects envisaged
-for financing under the
credit facility are Tarkwa
Gold Refinery, Tema Ma-
chine Building and Powér
Engineering Centre and
Prefabricated Concrete
Project.”

The rest are geological
ssurveys for cement pro-
‘duction and up-dating of a
‘detailed report on the Bui
hydro-electric power pro-
ject. :

The Secreta
nance and Economic
Planning, Dr. Kwesi
‘Botchwey signed on behalf

3400/517

of the Government of
Ghana and the Soviet Am-
bassador, Mr A. I. Ivantsov
and Mr M. Kh Saringu-

lian, Economic Counsellor

fof the USSR Embassy

igned on behalf of the Go
‘vernment of the USSR.
‘Also present were Mrs
Ofesu-Amaah, Principal
Secretary for the Interna-

‘tional Relations Hivision

of the Ministry of Finan-
ce and:‘Economic Planning
and Mr Kwesi Amoako-
‘Atta, a member: of the
Economic Review Com-
‘mittee:

GHANA