JPRS*SSA“85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

KANGWANE CHIEF MINISTER INTERVIEWED
MB141057 Johannesburg Television Service in English 1800 GMT 13 Oct 85

[Interview with Enos Mabuza, chief minister of Kangwane, in Johannesburg by
Nigel Murphy on the "Network" program--live]

[Text] Good evening. With us in the studio tonight, the honorable chief
minister of Kangwane, Mr Enos Mabuza, in an interview with Nigel Murphy. Enos
John Mabuza, former educationalist, was -born in the Transvaal town of Barberton
45 years ago. He became a member of the Legislative Assembly of Kangwane in
1976 and chief minister a year later. Kangwane, the so-called Swazi homeland,
is the newest of the emerging self-governing states in the country. It received
self-governing status almost a year ago.

Kangwane became hot news in 1982 when the government announced that the then
South African territories Kangwane and Ingwavuma, where thousands of mixed
Zulu-Swazi descendants live, will be incorporated into Swaziland. In the
midst of considerable criticism, especially from the Kwanzulu and Kangwane
Governments, the South African Government dissolved the Legislative Assembly of
Kangwane on 18 June 1982. In November of that year, after a settlement out of
court, the South African Government declared Kangwane's Executive Council and
Legislative Assembly will be reinstated.

Thus the sword of uncertainty which hung over the homeland for years has taken
its toll. Of the self-governing states, Kangwane is the least developed con-
stitutionally, and at present is unable to support its population. Thus Chief
Minister Mabuza is preparing for the battle to put the homeland on the economic
map. With the help of private entrepreneurs, the Development Bank, and the
Kangwane Economic Development Corporation, the uphill struggle to beat serious
economic problems is now on its way.

Situated on the doorstep of a thriving [word indistinct] farming area, Kangwane
aims to become an integral part of the Eastern Transvaal economy. For Chief
Minister Mabuza, the fight for the upliftment of the Swazi people has only just
begun.

[Murphy] Chief Minister, in an ideal situation if you could wave such a magic
wand in South Africa today, would you like one-man, one-vote now?

55



JPRS+SSA*85«110
8 November 1985

AID PROTOCOL SIGNED WITH PARIS

Harare THE HERALD [Business] in English 10 Oct 85 p 7

[Article by Andrew Rusinga]

; . ernment requested that it
[Text] ‘THE longtawalted ‘$60 be renegotinted in view
million new French’ aid of the country’s deterio-
protocol to Zimbabwe hag rating’ balance of pay-
been signed, ments situation then.
‘The private sector will
recelve $12,7 million: $7,1 ~ apiseusstons were then to
sullion to import manu- take place to ° identity
factured goods from! projects which would
France and /$5,6° million have an impact on the
for replacement machi- Balance of payments. A
nery, compromise ‘was struck
The economic and com- , during the renegotiations,
mercial counsellor at the hence the emphasis on
French Trade Commisston industrial ‘projects that
in Harare, Mr, Christian would generate and save
Saillard,' told Business foreign exchange.
Herald this week that the : .
remaining $53,3 million The other stumbling
had already been com. block was the grace
mitted to specific projects period on the general bias
in the. public sector, He credit element of .the
‘would not give details, protocol, Zimbate had
“This. protocol’ lays asl for ao five-year
Heavy emphasts on tnduse period of grace, a request
triny” projects,” gatd Mr the French , could not
Salliord, ‘ven in the meet.
public sector we have
tried to be involved in nat Row ogema’ Branco
industrial projects, Includ.’ ee ee eee cotlations
a ‘During the negotiations
- ing agro-Industries, in B
© qdlitions tp ‘hafastreture We put Tot of emphasis
for rural development. Salliard said. He would
The ald deal — signed wot say what perlod had
on September 27 between been agreed on. “.
the Ministry of Finance,
Economie Planning and ‘The one-year protocol i
Develdpment and Mr Jean brings to $137,18 million
‘ de Rosen of the French the French government's
‘Treasury — .comes after atd commitments to Zlm-
two years of’ n*gotiations ‘babwe since independence.
between Paris and The first pratocol for
Harare. $32.05. nition was signed
" in ane 1a secon
. ‘The third aid protocol | for $89,13 million was
was «usponded in 1983: signed in 1982, .
when the Zimbghwe Gov- °
cso: 3400/213

119

ZIMBABWE



JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT ACCUSED OF DOUBLE STANDARD REGARDING MANDELA CASE
Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 4 Oct 85 p 14
[Joe's Burg column]

[Text]

standard being bandied about by the State President,

I: never ceases to amaze me, this lark about double
Mr P W Botha, and members of his Government.

I mean, throughout:
this year, I have been:
listening to the sicken-|
ing regularity with

8 ~ Many of us ebony- Participation in the
hich the Government skinned citizens may war, and indeed, held
on the releae of Nel. not have heard about | Hitler in high esteem,
son Mandela and other | one Robby Leibrandt. 1 Vorster

., To some, Leibrandt
political leaders in jail. was a traitor. To oth- "Chief in this was an
tha” Durban, PW Bo: | ' ers, and that included organisation called

0 le extent . the National Pary, he Die Ossewabrand-

of even quoting from i i wag,” and many will

om was a patriot. , Wag, 'y wi
the judgement deliy- i rs “jacket-cover recall the involvement
ered after the trial of notes to the book, For of former Prime Minis-
Nelson Mandela. Volk and Fi hrer. ter and State Presi-

They make fn much Hans Strydom states: cent, John Vorster, in
noise about ie fact “After the outbreak m
that Mandela himself of World War 2 | phe long and short
had said that he was Leibrandt was ap- * plans — which in-
committed to com- pointed to spearhead Eluded the assassina-
munist principles. Operation Weisdorn —_, tion of Smuts — were

Now I know this + the overthrow of “foiled :
subjecthas been Jan Smuts’ coalition . dand
flogged so much that government and the He was arrested an
you may be surprised establishment of a Na- anes in d eon ha
that [am ‘raising it, tionalist Socialist ona ath tre urt
now, Republic in South Af arged with treason.
ett did believe | rica.” \ He refused ‘0 sive
that it is necessary, if evidence, and when he
only to show the dou this is that great entered the court, he
ble standards that I'm many Afrikaners were ‘would give the Nazi sa-
talking about. . . against South Africa’s lute. At the end, in

21


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mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
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original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
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JPRS*SSA%85+110
8 November 1985

ZIMBABWE

RADIO TRUTH COMMENTS ON SMITH'S REMARKS ON BBC
MB151050 (Clandestine) Radio Truth in English to Zimbabwe 0430 GMT 15 Oct 85
[Station commentary]

[Text] As was to be expécted Ian Smith's remarks during the BBC television
interview have aroused strong protest and some ill-advised comment from our
minister of information. We are always wary of dealing with selective press
reports on speeches and interviews. So often words are taken out of context.
However, if Mr Smith has been correctly reported, some of his observations
were injudicious and were not in the best interests of harmony and reconcilia-
tion. At the same time, to refer to the interview as a hostile act bordering
on treason is an overraction and an exaggeration'of its import.

The Conservative Alliance ‘of Zimbabwe [AZ] leader was being questioned by a
team of Scottish school children, and’ one’ must realize that ‘the debate was
conducted at that level. The offending remarks were’ alleged to be in refer-
ence to Zimbabwe's black population. These were the words said to have been
uttered: "The majority ‘of them have never ‘had any schooling; never had any
education, ‘They can neither read nor write. They don't understand the politi-
cal system*that we foisted on them."

We are not at’ all sure whether Mr Smith was referring to the Unilateral Declara-
tion of Independence, UDI, era or to the present day. If it'was the former,
then it was in part’an indictment of his own governemnt. Nevertheless, at the
height of the war here from 1972 to 1980, many children were denied educational
opportunities through the activities of ZANLA and ZIPRA. Young boys and girls
were abducted or recruited into’the guerrilla forces, or were compelled to
sacrifice their schooling to act as mujibas [look-out scouts for the guerrilla
forces]. In other cases, teachers ‘and pupils were intimidated to abandon the
classroom. Many schools were destroyed by the liberators. How many adults of
today owe their illiteracy to Comrade Mugabe and his’ senior colleagues?

In the last 5 years, of course, tremendous strides “have been made to remedy

the situation, and in terms of quantity, all children are receiving an educa-
tion. The quality of that education is another matter, as we have observed
before. The public examination results alone tell their own story. On the
government's own admission, we do have an adult illiteracy problem, which is why
a special program has been introduced to correct the situation of the time.

115



you know there is so much intimidation in the townships. And we feel of course
very strongly for the families who have children, now, in the ANC and in SWAPO.
I know of some parents who have come to us whose children are in ANC camps and
they say: You know, their children haven't got shoes, haven't got clothes, they
are not fit, they want to leave but of course if they do attempt to leave they
are shot.

[Doig] I would like to interrupt you here in terms of a survey which has re-
cently been conducted by "Women for Peace," and I don't know statistically,
the figures are enormously strong but, of the 1,800 questionnaires sent out in
the Johannesburg area there were 440 replies. What would you say would be the
most significant response or conclusion that you could reach?

[Xenopoulos] From our survey?
[Doig] Yes.

[Xenopoulos] Donna, I think the most significant response from the survey was
the fact that 90 percent of the respondents wanted the army to be withdrawn from
the townships. In fact, their opinions were so strong that they would underline
what they wrote. They would fill in comments although we simply asked for a
"yes" or a "no." The question was: How do you feel about the presence of the
army in the townships? Do you feel that it is a good thing or do you feel it

is a bad thing? Do you feel protected by it or do you feel threatened by it?
And people would fill in: Yes, it is bad, it is more than bad. These soldiers
are trained to kill. Now we feel that the reply that we got is very signifi-
cant and it bears out what we have been told by our members, that they perceive
an army in their townships as a terror, as something that frightens them. An
army of the ort that is trained to kill, and they perceive it as a war.

[Doig] How do you respond to that, Cindy, that they do see the presence of
the army with profound anger and fear?

(Leontsinis] I think... [changes thought] it might: be possible that some of
the respondents were politically motivated, that is, they welcomed disorder,

or they were afraid of intimidation and that this prompted them to give the
answer they gave. And something I noticed in the survey was that 7 percent

out of 440 people who replied, that is 30 people, were actually for the army's
staying in the townships and 16 percent of the 440, which is over 70 people,
wanted protection from the pdlice which is actually about 100 people out of 440.
I know this is a minority but I wouldn't want these people to get the necklace
[burning tire around the neck], and I feel that is the government's duty to
protect these citizens....

[Baigrie, interrupting] Donna, can I come in on that?

[Doig] Yes, please.

[Baigrie] On this question on surveys and statistics, it seems to me that
the statistics are pushed around a little bit, but there are two common points

that Irma and Cindy are I think referring to. The one is this qeustion of popu-
lar support and the other is, of course; the question which both have mentioned

64


JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BOTHA SAYS COLONIALISTS TO BLAME FOR DELAY IN BLACK FRANCHISE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 Oct 85 p 4

[Text]

DELAREYVILLE. — If
anybody was to blame for
the delay in Black consti-
tutional development it;
was the former colonial .
powers and not the South
African Government, the
State President, Mr P W-
Botha, said yesterday. :

Unveiling a monument
in memory of local boers
who died in the Anglo-
Boer War, he said: “Lord
Milner had, in the forced ;
peace of Vereeniging, en-'
sured there was to be no
franchise for Black
people after the introduc-
tion of self- -government, !
which was never ine
tended.

“It was only after alfa
century that an Afrikaner
government started doing
something .about Black
rights,” Mr Botha told
nearly a thousand peopie 1
at an open air meeting in
the town.

“If blame was to appor-

, tioned for the delay itt’
Blacks’ constitutional de-°
velopment this should not

, be laid at the South Afri-

Kean Government's |

i doorstep but at that of the
colonial powers that had
delayed progress and had *

csO: 3400/212

“not started work on solv-”
ing the problems of South
Africa’s people.

Mr Botha said nearly
28 000 boers, women and
ichildren, had died in the !
British concentration
camps and that this crime
against humanity was in
principle identical to that
committed by Hitler.»

A little-known fact,
however, was that thou-
sands of Black people had
also been put in concen-
tration’ camps because
they worked with the
boers.

According to available
records, at least 13 300
Black men, women and
jampe had died in these

camps.

Mr Botha appealed to
all in South Africa to
learn from the lessons of
‘the past.

The boer governments
had been unable to es-
cape the dilemma of hav-_
ing to choose between” \
war and giving in to press- |

owe must not fall into
the same dilemma .
must make a plan and ve
must startd together”, he:
said.

75

The struggle for “free-
; dom and justice could
only be achieved through
unity.

“I also appeal to you,
even though I know you
have been through very
hard times lately, not to
despair and give up”, Mr
‘Botha told his audience
“which consisted largely of
‘people in the farming
community. .

The State President-
urged people not to allow
differences to lead to con-
flicts, warning that the
“Godless communists and
their supporters are on
our borders and they will
not distinguish among
us”,

The people should also
not play into the hands of
those who spread mal-
icious propaganda against
the country’s security
forces.

The Afrikaner People
| themselves should
stand united, vtherwise
-they would die as a
people.

“We mustn’t work with
perceptions and impres-
sions, we must work with
realities”, he said. —
Sapa.



JPRS*SSA*85«110
8 November 1985

MAURITIUS

BRIEFS

LOCAL POLL CAMPAIGN OPENS--The campaign for the December municipal elections
in Mauritius gets under way this month. The government intends to count
for electoral approval. on its economic programme which has admittedly had
largely positive results up to now. As for the principal opposition party,
the MMM, it will try to convince voters that it was its own Paul Berenger
who put the country's economy back on the rails from June 1982 when he was
finance minister. The Labour party, which is now no longer in the ruling
alliance, will campaign on its own. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWS-
LETTER in English 5 Oct 85 p 5]

PRC PROTESTS--The ambassador of the People's Republic of China in Port
Louis, Chen Duan, has formally protested to the Mauritian government over
the plan of the rival Taiwanese mission to organise a public ceremony on
October 4 to commemorate the founding of the nationalist Republic of China.
In fact this date was chosen to enable Mauritian prime minister Anerood
Jugnauth to attend the ceremonies as the real anniversary is October 10.

Mr Jugnauth, who is due to leave for the United Nations on October 5, has
already visited Taipeh twice to negotiate gifts of rice from Taiwan.
Foreign minister Anil Gayan, for his part, has let it be known that he would
not be there because Port Louis recognises only one China. However, other
ministers could be present. Port Louis is attempting to learn from the
Taiwanese economic model and also to attract investors from the nationalist
island. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 5 Oct 85 p 3]

DEBT WRITE-OFF SOUGHT--Mauritius is to ask Britain to write off the debts
totalling four million pounds sterling which were run up before the country's
independence in 1968, Mauritian finance minister Vishnu Lutchmeenaraidoo

said in Port Louis on September 27. He said the request would be submitted
to the meeting of Commonwealth finance ministers which opened in the Maldives
on October 1. Ghana had already benefitted from a similar exemption, Mr
Lutchmeenaraidoo added. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in
English 5 Oct 85 p 7]

cso: 3400/214

11


cso:

The network will be extended to some
growth points by direct ESC labour con-
sisting of foreman, electrician, linesman
and 10-man gang. Contractors will be em-
ployed to supply other growth points. One
Governor has suggested the use of local la-
bour to reduce costs and to help increase
the number of Growth Centres which can
be supplied in his province. Discussions
are proceeding.

1 lengths of circuits‘in the 1984/85 Progranl
re: : elton A we

kV 132 (run
at 33 kV) 33 uM
5 15 140
‘Conductor
? ACSR 150 %&50 25

Wood poles are made from locally
grown eucalyptus trees (Cloesiana class
AA and grandis or saligna class B
strength) and impregnated with imported
creosote. The ACSR conductor is locally
made but uses imported aluminium and
zinc. The transformers are locally made
but most of the materials in them are im-
ported.

Depots: As the network is stretched new
depots will eventually have to be set up.
At present two stands have been pur-
chased and negotiations are proceeding
for a third.

Future: As this whole exercise is new the
ESC staff feel that procedures and
guidelines are very tentative. They may
well be significantly changed in time. We
are learning about many problems. We
have been offered the loan of two com-
mercial engineers from the Indian Rural
Electrification Corporation of New Delhi,
who may start work here early next year. }

We are aware that isolated Growth Cen-
tres can be provided with their own gene
rating station and distribution network
The ESC would be very concerned about
staffing then especially when the present
staff/load ratio of 1 per 250 kW is consi
dered. A generating station involving
iocally-based skilled staff is a non-starter.
Rotating plant would require a substantial

3400/213

124

amount of maintenance. [n the case of
diesel generation there would also be a
fuel problem... ,

The following are a tew comments on
renewable sources of energy.
Biomass: In the Phillipines thermal gene.
rating stations are being run on wood
chips from the very fast growing ipil ipil
(leucana leucocephalus) tree, Attempts to
grow it here are not well rewarded. Our
fastest growing tree, the eucalyptus gran-
dis, grows at a quarter of the speed.
Wing generators: Wind turbines driving
generators supplying a load which is not
connected to a supply network have to be
very sophisticated. Load has to be par-
tially connected as wind speed falls.
The variability of wind brings problems.
‘The main problem in Zimbabwe is that the

average wind speed is only 3 m/s which is
below the speed at which most wind gene-
tators begin to turn, .
Minihydro: Some attempts have been ma-
de to locate suitable sites for minihydro
stations but without much success —~
mainly because most rivers run dry for a
large part of the year, However there may
well be good potential sites. Five plants in
the 10 to 100 kW range are known to be
operating.

Photovoltaic: The cost of a 400 m? photo:
voltaic array which would produce a peak
of 50 kW and, say, 350 kWh per day is
about 18000 ZD per peak kW - a total
vost of 0.9 MZD. A recent visit by the

New Energy Foundation of Japan, which
is a parastatal consisting of the main pho-
tovoltaic manufacturers, encourages us to
think that grant aid may allow us to install
abdut 200 to 250 kW.of arrays. This could
be 5x 50 or 40 5 KW installations. Con-
sultations with the Ministry of Energy are
proceeding in an attempt to identify suita-
ble sites, They may:turn out'to be remote
from our existing mains. On the other
hand they may be’ close — say within 5
years of a mains extension.

Conclusion: The Rural Electrification
Programme in Zimbabwe is launched and
we are not quite sure what the journey will
be like, except that it will be interesting. i



Pupils refused to write the exams as they had not learnt anything during the
year because of class boycotts. They also said their demands for equal educa-
tion under one department had not been met ‘and that many of their colleagues
were still. being detained.

It was further agreed that Std [standard] 6 to Std 9 pupils were included

in the decision against writing the exams as they had also been affected by
the boycotts.

/12232
CsO: 3400/223

70



South Africa is not permitted to state its case at the UN General Assembly,
while the ANC is virtually regarded as the legitimate representatives of the
people of this country.

When internal interest groups hold talks with the ANC they are--willy nilly--
promoting ANC legitimacy within South Africa as well. At the same time, the
credibility of recognised internal black leaders is further undermined. These
leaders then find they have to move further to the left, adopt more radical
stances, in order to compete with the ANC.

Hob-nobbing with terrorists has other implications: It provides respectability
to people whose savage and brutal acts have nothing to do with civilised norms.
British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher described terrorists as "gangs of
assassins... these are not freedom fighters," she declared "and respectability
should not be.conferred on these people."

Terrorists love publicity and-the publicity they have received from South
African groups visiting them has played right into their hands. They wish to
be seen as alternative government for South Africa--and even well-meaning South
Africans should be careful of promoting this view, damaging the country and
ruining the progress towards orderly reform.

/12232
cso: 3400/225

28



‘The image of SA busi-
ness abroad is generally
far better than that of
government and it is felt
exporters should build on
this advantage.

Despite protests that,
for most businessmen,
trade comes before poli-
tics, it is a mistake to si
pose that, generally, their
consciences are more at-
rophied than those of oth-
er groups, or that they
are interested only in
profits.

Further, overseas com-
panies are under greater
pressure to act fairly
than at any time in his-
tory; public scrutiny is in-
tense and public com-
panies especially are

rone to bitter criticism

rom disaffected and ac- *
tivist minority sharehold-

ers who place social and
political issues above
profit-making.
Cognisance of these
facts is seen as essential
in taking action to negate
the impression that a
ing South African goot

creates profits for rich :

whites from the suffering
of poor blacks, and that i
is immoral to share the
benefits of oppression.
Clearly, restoration of
the country’s image de-
pends largely on political
developments over which
individual exporters have
little influence. But Pro
motion on a_ personal
level that stresses not

CSO: 3400/206

only the quality and price
of the goods offered but
the direct benefits to
black employees and.

their families, and the ex-:

porter’s own commit-.
ment to justice and fair.
employment practices,
could go a long way

‘satisfy most buyers that

in dealing with SA they
can contribute to the
creation of a more just
and humane Society.

It is not far-fetched to
see an acceptable code of
employment practice —
such as the Sullivan Prin-
ciples embraced by most
US investor companies in
SA — as a positive aid to
export sales. A tag,
“Made in accordance
with the Sullivan Princi-

es”, might do as much
for export goods as “Free
from artificial preserva-
tives” is doing for food-

_Stuffs and “Guaranteed

not to shrink” did for fab-
rics before the era of syn-
thetic fibres.

Holtes aj that SA
needs to change its im-
age, but says it must also
to do more in convention-
al areas,

* “For instance, SA par-
ticipates in only 13
foreign trade fairs,
whereas Taiwan takes
rt in about 100. Trade
fairs offer a valuable
showcase for SA goods
and services and we are
not making nearly
enough use of them.”

He recommends that
the Department of Trade
and Industry (T&lI) be
given a much larger bud-
get for export promotion,
which has been made
more urgent by the pre-
sent difficult climate for

oon the dif

. ite the difficulties,

he stil sees significant
opportunities for South
African exporters.

“We have the infra-
structure, the manage-
ment skills, the produc-
tion capacity and the raw
materials to increase
penetration of interna-

' tional markets,” he said.

i “Primary producers
have done very well, as
ihave the first down-
stream phase — the pro-
ducers of ferro allo:
steel cable, machine
sections etc. Now there
needs to be a greater con-
centration on exports
from the secondary man-
ufacturing sector, high-
tech and services.”

He points to “remark-
able individual achieve-
ments”, including the
machinery and trans]
equipment sector, which
experienced a 65%
growth in the first seven
months of this year.

Holtes feels strongly
that more use must be
made of countertrad
the linking of export a1
purchasing transactions.

SA has been slow to be-

99

come involved with coun-
tertrade and missed op-
portunities that arose
luring its massive cap-
ital import programmes
of the Sixties and Seven-
ties. Such capital im-
ports, involving billions
of rands, are now regard-
ed by trade specialists as
prime opportunities for
export leverage.
hile exporting is easi-
er for larger companies
because of their greater
resources, small ones can
contribute. About 70
small companies have
become exporters though
Safto’s Small Business

. Scheme, which is backed

by funding from T&I and
loan finance from the
Small Business Develop-
ment Corporation.

There is one point on

: which virtually everyone
approached by Business

y to participate in this
survey agreed: exporting
juires commitment.

‘oo often in the past,
they said, SA suppliers
have seen the export
market as a convenient
outlet in times of reces-
sion and, when the good
times returned, they for-

jot about overseas cu-
rs and left them, and
their agents, high and

Ki

jow, more than ever,
SA needs to earn the re-
spect of its trading part-
ners by proving a reliable
supplier of quality and
value,



cso:

job, within our power, to help
see things improve themselves in
South Africa.

But there is much, much more
at stake. We are not only seeing a
generation of illiterates growing
up, we are also turning our child-
ren into monsters. This type of
thing cannot go on, for very soon
nerves are going to snap and the
bloodbath and other frightening
scenarios that are always spoken.
about might just become reality.

3400/211

35

Finally it is suicidal for a coun-
try that has blacks outnumbering
whites so much to have them un-
suited to run things. By the year
2.000, even educationists have
shown that the number of blacks
who will be required to man the
skilled posts in the country will
far outstrip the number of
whites.

It is thus sensible to have the
majority of the people fully
equipped to run the country. The
majority are black.



be the right wing which will create a situation of a backlash against the
government. But government forgets about 77 percent of the population, the
blacks, who want change, who want peaceful change, who do not want bloodshed.
Andis the government going to appease 12 percent of 23 percent, or recognize
the legitimate aspirations of 77 percent of the South African population?
That is the crux of the matter.

[Murphy] You might also say ‘that from a white viewpoint, the crux of the
matter is the government has announced many intentions. It has also invited
black leaders to come forward for informal negotiations. There has been
apparently a thundering silence. Why don't moderates like yourself come for-
forward, offer yourself, indeed, for discussions?

[Mabuza] Well, the announcements have been made from the podiums of the union
buildings and the Tricameral Parliament

[Murphy] Does it matter where the announcements are made, provided there is an
intention there?

[Mabuza] Yes, it does matter’ when they are made unilaterally. I believe that
they should be made together with the authentic leaders of the people, together
+--+ [Murphy interrupts]

(Murphy] Chief Minister, with respect, with respect, the National Party is the
de facto power in control here today. It is offering to have meaningful discus-
sions with many, many black leaders, yet nobody is forthcoming.

[Mabuza] From a prescriptive point of view, it is unacceptable to the blacks.
Blacks will only argue... [Murphy interrupts] ,

[Murphy] Do you regard this as prescriptive rather than an invitation?

[Mabuza] Certainly I regard it as prescriptive because it is unilaterally
made. As long as we have discriminatory laws which discriminate against blacks
on the basis of their color and as long as we have a government which we
haven't elected to make announcements, then so long will the blacks regard it
as a positive, announcements are made as being unilateral. [sentence -as heard]
I think the government... [Murphy interrupts]

[Murphy] So you are saying absolutely no talks until all'the brakes are re-
leased, apartheid is totally dismantled, one-man, one-vote, everything is as
you would like to see it and only then would you be prepared to talk.

[Mabuza] I believe that the government should dismantle apartheid laws in
the country.

[Murphy] Yes but are you saying that only when the position arises will you
then be prepared to talk?

[Mabuza] I think only when that position arises will credible leaders come
forward to speak to the government.



"It is no good having the police inquire into their
own system of interrogation. It has to be someone
outside of the system,” she said,

She suggested that the abuse had been increased

by the fact that police believed they had immunity
in terms of the State of Emergency. |

There is always a danger that these things will
happen as long as people can be held without trial
and can be held incommunicado. But the danger is
heightened by the fact that the police seem to think
that the Emergency indemnity gives them free
rein," she said, .

There was a need for a proper inquiry and a
return to the due process of law, she said. 7

The DPSC is opposed to current security
legislation which allows. for detention without
trial. However, if such legislation is to exist, it
argues that a detainee should be given access to a
lawyer, relatives, a private doctor and reading
material of his or her choice,

There should also be an effective and
independent machinery for enforcing and policing
the treatment of detainees and an enforceable code
setting out standards of interrogation.

JPRS*SSA*85+110
8 November 1985

“The UCT study recommended that the whole
system of detention in terms of security laws be

_ scrapped, that the rights of detainees should be laid

down by parliament, an independent body to
which police and prison officials are responsible
should be established; all information about
detainees should be made public, a proper code of
conduct should be instituted, and evidence from
interrogation should not be admitted into court
until all the proposed measures have been met.»

Such safeguards may offer some protection, but
there is little likelihood that abuses will stop until
South Africa's prisons are opened up'to the due
processes ‘of law and the practice of detaining
people incommunicado is stopped.

But Section 29, the infamous statute that allows
for indefinite detention without trial and without
access to lawyers, family or independent doctors,
is a key part of the current security legislation.

Police, faced with the task of maintdining
control in the face of a massively disaffected
population, are not going to part with. such legal
powers without a fight. .

Torture allegations are therefore likely to
continue.

Trauma of Returning to Normal Life
Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 4~10 Oct 85 p 12
[Article by Mary Ramsay]

[Text] 'PEOPLE who are detained and tortured suffer a happened during torture. This can occur at any

whole variety of unhealthy psychological effects
caused by the traumatic conditions experienced in
detention." ‘

” This is the view of the Detainees Counselling
Service (DCS), a group of psychologists and
psychiatrists who provide free therapy to victims
of detention,

In a paper recently compiled on the
psychological effects of detention, the DCS notes
that people who suffer extreme pain, humiliation,
degradation and fear; have their sleep, eating and
exercise routines disrupted; are deprived of
normal interaction with other human beings and
are kept in a constant state of discomfort and
deprivation are prone to develop psychological
disturbances.

"It is possible that under extreme pressure,"
notes the DCS paper, "people may completely lose
touch with reality.and become psychotic.”

But most experience an anxiety state known as
post-traumatic stress disorder.

‘The most common symptom of this disorder is

the remembrance of traumatic events which’

time, brought on by hearing a door slamming or a
shout, by standing in a queue, or by reading a
headline. The memory of torture is accompanied
by the fear and dread experienced during torture.

Affected people will find themselves suddenly
trembling, crying and anxious.

These memories, and the fear of their return,
often result in the sufferer becoming withdrawn
‘from family and friends, unable to concentrate,
inclined to be startled by unexpected events and
unable to sleep — because of nightmares, a fear of
nightmares, or a fear of not awakening.

The symptoms may be so severe they lead to a
sense of detachment and unreality.

"Medicines often help relieve specific
symptoms, like difficulty sleeping, but will not
cure the condition,” notes the “DCS paper.
Treatments with trained psychotherapists have
proved the best cure. Where such treatment is not
possible, sufferers — many of whom experience
feelings of guilt and weakness — should be
encouraged to talk to family, friends and those
with similar experiences.

31



persuade people to change their viewpoints by telling them, for a change, your
side of the story. Definitely, this has always been our experience in "Women
for Peace" that, by listening and by talking, both sides become wiser.

[Doig] This, in fact, is what is now not. going to happen between the Stellen-
bosch University students and the ANC in Lusaka, and that presumably was the
Stellenbosch students' move for peace as they saw it. What would you do?
Would you like to represent your group with a meeting with the ANC in Lusaka,
Irma?

[Xenopoulos] I would think that if the opportunity presents itself, "Women
for Peace" would talk to the ANC. I think that one should listen to their
viewpoint. It is true’that they follow an official policy of violence. They
have promoted it. . They said that this is what they will do, that they will
escalate violence. One’ must also keep in mind that in’South Africa many black
people hold the view that the government's police of apartheid and racial dis~
crimination, they. perceive that as violence, and one should take all these fac-
tors into account and speak to those who are prepared to speak to you.

[Doig] James, in Cape Town, will you go along with that? Would you too see
your group make’ a move ‘toward Lusaka in spite ‘of the fact that it meets with
the leaders of this country's strong disapproval?

[Baigrie]) I would go along with Irma"s statement that if people are willing
to talk, if they say they are willing to talk, then the more than 50 percent to
that communication is listening and if Deputy Ron Miller [foreign minister],
for instance, who just now was correct in saying that there is a new avenue
between the government and the ANC, well let's see the government walking down
it and that will prove that it is really there.

[Doig] Would you like to comment on that, Cindy, your view?

[Leontsinis] Yes, well, I traveled overseas a great deal and I have made the
point of visiting anti-apartheid movement offices and ANC offices in every
country asking them what their aims are, and they have always said that they
are for revolution in our country and I have always said to them: You want a
revolution? Oh yes, that is what we want. And then I say: Well, what then?
Oh no, that is what we want, is a revolution. [as received] ‘Now what concerns
me is what happens after the revolution. What are their plans and I feel very
strongly that people must definitely say they are not prepared to involve them-
selves in violence. And I.am very against these students going up to Lusaka
to speak-to.the ANC.

[Doig] Your particular group, "Victims Against Terrorism," what does it stand
for? What does that mean? :

{Leontsinis] Our. country is'a victim, actually, of terrorism. It is under a
great attack right now from right around the world and.also we feel that the
people in:this country are victims of terrorist activities in the townships
and so on, and we do.our best to encourage the moderate black leaders to stand
up and represent their people, which is very difficult for them right now. As

63



UAL OFFICIAL BELIEVES BOYCOTT CAN BE BEATEN

JPRS+*SSA+*85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY (Supplement) in English 23 Sep 85 p 8

[Text]

CSO:

WHILE South African
goods have long been
welcome in many foreign

“ markets, the point is fast

3400/206

being reached where, no
matter what the value of
the rand and consequent-
ly how cheap our exports
appear to be, some coun-
tries or companies do not
‘want to trade with SA.

Even in countries
where there is no official
trade ban against South
Africa, exporters are
finding if difficult to
trade, for instance, in
“soft” boycott countries
where an exporter is not
officially prevented from
selling his lollipops or
motor spares.

Heinz Baur, manager
of international trade de-
velopment at UAL Mer-
chant Bank, who has just
returned from an exten-
sive visit to the Far East
and Australia, found that
among some importers

100

‘risks.

South Africa has become
persona non grata in in-
ternational trade terms.

“There is no doubt SA

‘is definitely out of favour,

but exporters should not
become too despondent,”
he said.

“The pressure is on not
to trade with South
Africa, so exporters
should adopt a different
approach.

“Naturally, one cannot
give away one’s trade se-
crets and each case re-
quires different treat-
ment, but certain
approaches have been
found to succeed.

“Over the years, UAL
has built up a great deal
of experience in foreign
markets and has the ex-
pertise to cut through the
red tape and _identif

‘e have also devel-
oped skills in penetrating
previously i ipenetrable

‘ade barriers.”



ZIMBABWE

1985-86 PROGRAM PROVIDES FOR ELECTRIFICATION OF COMMUNITIES

Luanda SADCC ENERGY III in English Aug-Sep-Oct 85 pp 42-44

[Article by G. Evans]

[Text]

Zimbabwe has a population of
about eight million and an
area of 490 450 km, The
four municipalities of
Harare, Bulawayo, Gweru and
Mutare have their own
electricity departments
supplying a load peaking

at 400 MW to most of the 1.5
million people who live
within the municipal
boundaries.

The Electricity Supply
Commission's area of
supply is the remainder of
the country. At present
it has about 75 000
consumers with a maximum
demand of 70 MW. These
include heavy and light
industrial, mining,
commercial, agricultural
and domestic consumers.
The area inside the
envelope around the
existing supply network
covers about 20% of
Zimbabwe. A percentage
of houses within that
area do not have supply.

122

The majority of
Zimbabweans in the ESC
licensed area do not
have an electricity

supply.

Until recently there has been no signifi-
cant Rural Electrification Programme.

Two attempts were made to obtain foreign
aid but the conditions attached to the soft
loans, particularly the import of goods of
the type manufactured here, led to failure.
In May this year, after consultations with
the Ministry of Energy, the ESC started its
Rural Electrification. Programme. In the
financial year ending 30 June 1985 the

ESC will spend about 3MZD bringing the

network to 25 growth centres. In 1985/86
it plans to spend 6MZD, subject to Go-
vernment approval.

Under the scheme, the ESC will bear the
cost of the transmission line to bring an
11 kV supply to each Growth Centre selec-
ted. The local 11/0,4kV transformers and
lines will be costed and quotations sent to
prospective consumers. Those who return
signed agreements with payments of the
necessary deposit will be connected to the
supply.

Zimbabwe is divided into eight provin-
ces, each of which has a number of dis-
tricts. At least one province has produced
a development plan with twenty functional



Experience has also
‘proved that reforms
coming from the top do
not have long-term ef-
fects on the people.

The “middle-class”!
that was created after
the 1976 unrest was
meant to act as a buffer
between the Govern-
ment and the masses at
the bottom. There were:
even suggestions by
some experts around the
early 80s that chances of
another 1976 type of un-
rest were non-existent.

It was believed that
blacks were happy with
the reform introduced at
the time and that they
would have no reason to !
rise against the authori-
ties. They were wrong. |

Fear

Members of the “mid-
dle-class” are today
joining the masses. They
have been radicalised;__
some to safeguard their
interests and others out
of fear. .

Mr Nefolovhodwe
said businessmen could :
express their concern {
about the situation in |
South Africa in the fac-
tory floor where they

cso: 3400/211

are forever ‘at loggér-
heads with workers.

His argument sounds
sensible. The business--
men would seem to be
engaging in a public re-
lations exercise designed
to give blacks the im-
pression that they iden-
tify with their plight.

This was confirmed by
the group’s spokesman
who told a morning
English newspaper that
the message in the ad-
vertisement was di-
rected at blacks to show
them how their employ-
ers and the people they
buy from feel about
change.

But the majority of
black people, especially
the grassroots level of
blacks, do not read
newspapers. The few
who read them are not
among the stonethrow-
ers.

What many people
would rather see the,
ibusinessmen do is to ad-
‘dress themselves to the
people closest to them,
‘and -over whom « they.

‘have control — their

employees. at

Instead of calling on*
the Government to ne-
gotiate with acknow-*

41

jledged black leaders,”
they should recognise '
| trade unions and nego-
tiate better wages and

working conditions with
them.

They should also ac-
cept the workers’ right
|to strike when there is a
‘deadlock in negotia-
tions. They should not
dismiss the workers or
set the police on them.

yobless

It should be borne in
mind that some of the
people who engage in
the violence that has
characterised the unrest
in the townships once
had jobs which they lost
through strike dismissals
or retrenchment.

Others are still em-
ployed but are under-
paid, denied promotion,
discriminated against
and denied the right to
belong to unions.

They are’ the. angry
people who have an'axe
to grind with manage-
ment. Hence the target-
ting of commercial vehi-

: cles and anything that is

associated with white
employers.
Declarations will cer-
tainly not get anywhere
near satisfying them.



JPRS*SSA+85~110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

DETAILS OF STATE-ASSISTED JOB-CREATING PROJECTS ANNOUNCED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 15 Oct 85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

REPRESENTA-
TIVES. of the private
sector and — trade
unions met the Minis-
ter of Manpower, Mr
Pietic du Plessis, in!
Pretoria yesterday to
discuss details . of;
State-assisted —job-:
creating projects as-
part of the recently
announced R600-mil-
lion economic relief:
package to counter’
widespread unem-*
ployment.

About —R75-million ;

has been made available
to subsidise the private
sector in creating tem-
porary jobs, while a fur-
ther amount of at feast

. R50-million has been

provided for similar
projects by local author-
ities, |

In-a statement after
the meeting, Mr Du

Plessis said the follow- :
ing guidelines for pri- +

vate sector and local
authority participation

3400/189 ..

in the scheme had been
proposed: .

@ Funds would be
made available on a.
Project basis, through ©
application to the De-
partment of Manpower;

, @ Those projects which
"were not part of the nor-
: mal profit-making activ-

ity of an organisation

“and which were in the

interests of the com-
munity, would be given
preference;

@ Only those projects
which gave unemployed
people who were not

-.eligible for related bén-

efits could be given
jobs. The prospective’
employer could recruit
staff himself or the De- |
partment could refer |
people to him. In all:

.cases employees had to‘

be registered;

@ Those given jobs

would have'to be em-!
ployed as "casuals"
to indicate contri-
butions such as un-
employment insurance
would not be deducted
from their wages.

83

@ The State would pro-
vide a maximum
amount of R8 an unem-
ployed person a day for
projects in cities and

, towns, of which a mini-

| mum of R4 a day had to
be paid to the worker
while the remainder,

| would go to. financing
material, ‘ equipment,
transport, administrat-
ive and other costs.

In rural areas the re-
spective arnounts would
be R6 and R4,

@ Claims would be’
‘handled on a monthly.
basis by the depart-
ment’s divisional inspec-
tors and if necessary,
jadvances on monthly
‘expenditure could be
forwarded;

@ Preference would be
given to those projects
employing more than 20.
people and lasting long-
er than two months;

—Sapa-’



JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

LIBERIA

LUP CANDIDATE KPOLLEH PROMISES LABOR LAW REFORM
Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 11 Oct 85 pp 3, 6

[Text] The Standard Bearer of the Liberia Unification Party (LUP), Mr.
Gabriel Kpolleh, has assured plantation workers in Liberia that if elected
president, he would effect reforms in the labour laws of the country aimed
at improving their working and living conditions.

Addressing hundreds of LUP partisans at Divison 29 in Firestone, Margibi
County Wednesday, Mr. Kpolleh further said "upon taking office, a LUP gov-
ernment" would enter into negotiations with the plantation companies in the
country to review and update all agreements between them and the Liberian
government,

He said the major concern of a LUP government in Liberia would be to improve
the "condition of the poor people of this country", who he said, “have for a
long time been left out of national planning".

Mr. Kpolleh also said upon assumption of office, his government would ensure
the protection of the rights of the poor people in this country", and ensure
that development was spread evenly to all parts of the country as a means of
improving the living standards of citizens in all parts of the country.

LUP Margibi County senatorial nominee Davie S. Kollie who also spoke at the
program, urged LUP partisans in the country to remain united and committed to
promoting their standard bearer, "whatever the circumstances might be."

Meanwhile, officers of the Youth Wing of the Margibi branch of the LUP have
been installed into office by the party's deputy campaign manager, Frank
Walke.

19274
cso: 3400/265



Miller Interviewed on Student Passport Issue
(Ron Miller Interview; Johannesburg Television Service,
17 Oct 85) .. .

HSRC Blames Race Classification for I11-Will
(SAPA, 13 Oct 85) .

Kangwane Chief Minister Interviewed
(Enos Mabuza Interview; Johannesburg Television Service,

13 Oct 85) cecscececccccecececseececescstesesscecsesesees

Nonpolitical Groups Leaders Interviewed
(James Baigrie Interview; Johannesburg Television Service,

17 Oct 85) cevevcceccvccceecececcncersereetsseeneeeseeees

Commentary Discusses Western Aid, Sanctions
(Johannesburg International Service, 22 Oct 85) .ssecceee

Anglo-American Chief on Sanctions' Impact on Region
(Johannesburg Television Service, 21 Oct 85) .seceseceeee

Soweto Parents Ask Withdrawal of SADF
(SAPA, 21 Oct 85) sesccececccccececcvcereceevceesceeseess

Natal's Two Main Newspapers To Be Taken Over by New Company
(BUSINESS DAY, 4 Oct 85) scceveccevscsevcccsvccseescccere

Technikon Statement Call for Inquiry Into Police Action
(THE ARGUS, 27 Sep 85) .cecceccecevcccccccccceesevcvecess

Rightwing Afrikaners Seek Backing for Treaty
(Andrew Thomson; THE CITIZEN, -11 Oct 85) sssseeseeceeeeee

Botha Says Colonialists To Blame for Delay in Black Franchise
(THE CITIZEN, 11 Oct 85) ..ccecccccceccvececvevencenceess

Group Slams Afrikaans Paper Over Giving Bad Image to Kruger Day
(THE CITIZEN, 11 Oct 85) .esecosesecsseeverees

Sabmawu Delegate Speaks on Degradation of Black Workers
(Ali Mphaki; SOWETAN, 3 Oct 85) ..

Amajingqi Tribe To Get Land Back
(DAILY DISPATCH, 20 Sep 85) wssceceeccscceevecnee

Magopa Tribe Asks Gerrit for Old Land
(THE WEEKLY MAIL, 4-10 Oct 85) ..scevceececees

Reporter Examines Views, Activities of Township Children
(Sipho Ngcobo; BUSINESS DAY, 27 Sep 85) ...ee.

48

52

55

62

67

68

69

71

72

74

75

76

77

78

79

80



JPRS*SSA+85+110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK REJECTION OF BOTHA COUNCIL INCLUSION OFFER EXPLAINED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 4 Oct 85 p 8

[Article in Focus column by Sam Mabe]

[Text] . ,

. ere could be many whites who 0
understand why blacks are rejecting an
offer by the State President, Mr P W

Botha, to be included in the President's Coun-
cil. :

Questions, such as: “Didn’t they ask to have a say
in the decision-making machinery of this country?” ;
could be asked in conversations of those who think.

Mr Botha’s offer is the best deal that blacks could |

have expected. .
Some could be thinking that blacks are fastidious
and others, that they do not know what they want.

Both are wrong.
The rejection of the’
President’s Council
«when it was incepted,
had nothing to do with
whether or not blacks
were included in it.

It' was rejected, be-
made it clear that any
Government-created in-
stitution, from com-
munity councils, bantu-
stan governments, man-"

. agement committees
and the lot, were unae-|
1
i

ceptable to blacks.
Various types of cam-
paigns have been
Jaunched in which voters
and candidates were
called upon to boycott’
the institutions and a
low them to collapse. .

TM Those who were

/ already serving in them, |

were asked to resign.
Some did and others re-
fused. Some of those
who refused, have paid
heavily for their refusal.
They have been stoned
to death. And set alight.
Thé survivors are liv-
ing in fear for their lives.
‘Their houses are stoned:
And’ sometimes petrol-
bombed. __. .
Willing \

Mr Botha said: “I am

willing to consider the:
structuring and func-

tions of the President's

38

‘Council to make provi-.
sions for their partic-
ipation.” _.
| The UDF saw Mr Bo-
‘tha’s stance as highly pa-
tronising. They said Mr:
cause blacks did not
think’ it was. going to
answer their political
problems — a toothless:
bulldog, as Bishop Des-,
mond Tutu described it.

Azapo ind the UDF

Botha showed a total

contempt for the feel-
‘ings and aspirations ‘of
blacks.

They asked: “How
can he prescribe solu-
tions for us without our.
consent or our involve-
ment?”

PFP.leader, Dr Fred-
erik van Zyl Slabbert,
rightly said that any con-
stitutional dispensation
that is proposed unilate-,
rally, will stand no’
chance of acceptance
among blacks.



JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SOWETO PARENTS ASK WITHDRAWAL OF SADF
MB211245 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1117 GMT 21 Oct 85

[Text] Johannesburg, 21 October, SAPA--The writing of high school examinations
depends on issues regarding the withdrawal of the defence force from Soweto
and the release of detained pupils.

The deputy minister of law and order, Mr Adriaan Vlok, has consented to the
possible deferring of the examinations to January, said a joint statement
issued by the Soweto Parents Crisis Committee (SPCC) and the deputy minister of
education and development aid, Mr Sam de Beer.

The SPCC were scheduled to meet the deputy minister on Saturday to negotiate
the withdrawal of troops and the release of detained pupils.

However, Mr Vlok had to attend another urgent matter and the committee met
with Mr Sam de Beer.

At a meeting held yesterday at St Margaret's Catholic Church, Diepkloof,
parents and pupils said the committee should still meet with Mr Vlok about
the matter.

The pupils said they would not write exams until the issue was resolved.

SPCC said that, exams already written at some secondary schools in Soweto would
be declared null and void.

A spokesman for SPCC said they expected Mr de Beer to inform all schools in
Soweto that all examinations would be written after consensus had been reached
and a joint statement by his department and the committee had been issued.

Following a unanimous decision, all creche-going children and primary school
pupils should be allowed to attend school normally. Drastic action would be
taken against anyone found molesting primary school pupils.

Matric pupils in Mamelodi township, Pretoria, voted against writing the end-
year examinations due to begin on Friday.

The decision was made at a meeting of the Mamelodi Parents Association (MPA)
and high school principals.

69



AMAJINGQI TRIBE TO GET LAND BACK

East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 20 Sep 85 p 5

[Text]

BISHO — The Ciskei
Government has res-
cinded its decision to ex-
cise some of the land
from the head of the
‘Amajinggi tribe, Chief
Lent Magoma, and give
it to the Healdtown com-
munity authority.

A Grahamstown attor-
ney for Chief Magoma,
Mr Bonisile Sandi, sai
yesterday that an out-of-
court agreement had
been reached between
his client and the Ciskei
Government, which had
been cited as the first
respondent, and the
chairman of the Heald-
town commuhity author-
ity, Mr Nkubevana.

Last month Chief Ma-
qoma applied for a court
order declaring the
proclamation under
which the land was ex-
cised null and void and
declaring the affected

‘areas of Mazorka, Mdeni,
Nobanda and Wezo in
the Victoria East to be
part of the area of the
Amajingai.

cso: 3400/188

78

Mr Sandi said the gov-
ernment offered to pub-
lish a Government
Gazette withdrawing the
previous proclamation
in which the tribal land
had been excised. The
government had con-
ceded the merits of his
client's application and
had not defended the
case,

In papers before the
court, Chief Maqoma,
who: held several
cabinet posts before he
was axed earlier this
year, said the farm, Hill

. View and the adminis-

trative areas referred to
had been added to the
Healdtown community
authority without the
knowledge and consent

j of the Amajingai.

He said the “disestab-
lishment and redefini-
tion” of the boundaries
of the area of the Ama-
jingqi could be effected
only by a proclamation
in the Government
Gazette after the Presi-
dent had consulted with

"the tribe and the com:

munities affected.

JPRS*SSA*85+110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



950091
 JPRS-SSA-85-110
8 November 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

Ne

[FBIS] FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE ~

| RepropuceD BY

NATIONAL TECHNICAL

INFORMATION SERVICE |: oe
| US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE oe . oe _ : ae ; 1/2

|_____ SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 ae : ' | 129
— AOT



IJPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

LOCAL PRODUCTION--Randburg-based Industrial Heat Engineering has a manufactur-
ing agreement with LOI of West Germany and Sunbeam of the USA for the local
manufacture of a full range of heat-treatment furnaces. It will be accenting
its whole range of locally produced furnaces used for tempering, hardening
and annealing...including specially controlled atmosphere furnaces. Its range
of dust control equipment manufactured under licence from Keller of West
Germany will also be featured. [Text] [Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in
English 26 Sep 85 p 10}

IMPORTED RAW MATERIALS--Cumar, a member of the Murray & Roberts Industrial
Group, is a supplier of high-performance refractories and insulation materials
and will emphasise two product areas locally manufactured from imported raw
materials. They are: Fibermax high-temperature ceramic fibre modules for

use in high-temperature furnace and insulation applications; and Fiberfrax
non-asbestos textiles. The non-asbestos textiles are a replacement for conven-
tional asbestos textiles, which have been proved detrimental to health.

[Text] [Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 26 Sep 85 p 8]

LARGEST SA FURNACE--Heating and melting equipment supplier Reef Furnades has
completed the rebuilding of a large induction coil which is part of the
largest coreless induction furnace operating in South Africa. The induction
coil of a 45-ton Junker shortcoil induction-holding furnace was damaged by
heavy jackhammers during breakout of the lining. On previous occasions,
these damaged coils were put into large crates and shipped to Germany for
repair. This procedure was costly andi'the spare coil was out of the country
for about five months. To provide a better customer service, Reef furnaces
and their overseas principals Junker decided to invest in special equipment
and training of South African personnel for the repair of this kind of equip-
ment. The application of Junker's latest insulation techniques, using modern
epoxy resins, is claimed to result in reduction of vibration of the coils
and eliminates problems with moisture causing tripping of the earth leakage
protection device, which has reportedly made improvements to the performance
and reliability of all makes of repaired furnace coils. To use its equipment
and staff the company is also repairing other makes of induction furnace coils
used here. In its Wadeville Workshops, work is now in progress to repair a
coil set which is part of the mast powerful coreless induction furnaces in
South Africa, one of two Junker melting furnaces in a Newcastle foundry.
[Text] [Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 26 Sep 85 p 12]

"MENACE" RRODUCED-~L. H Power Engineers specialises in the investigation of
applications, the assessment of potential savings and the eventual design

of induction hearing equipment. Its stand will feature the 100-kW "Menace"
which has been designed, developed and manufactured in South Africa with a

90% local content. This small, versatile unit is said to be very competitively
priced and can be used for forging, heat treatment and melting. Operating cost
advantages include: energy being used only while the work piece is actually
being heated. [Text] [Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 26 Sep 85

p 9]

104



JPRS*SSA*854110
8 November 1985

ZIMBABWE

SMALL FARMS REINVESTING
Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 6 Oct 85 pp 1, 2

[Text]

OOMMUNAL farmers
reaping the benefits of
successful farvests are ,
putting their earnings
back Into thelr. farms
Instead! of spending their
incémes on consumer.
goods or luxuries.

“They are working
hard to improve the’;
quality of life ond the;
future of thelr children,” |
the World Bank's first:
full-time representative.
in Zimbabwe, Mr Mabmud |
Burney, satd in Harare
last week,

In 4ts experience as a@
develo it _ institution,
the ‘orld §=Banic had
found’ this 2° common;
phenomenon where appro-«
priate production incen-:

ives ‘exist. The bank,
aeeReaal prilig, pole
agri P polls :
cies, which were Sour,
aging communal farmers
to improve thelr lend
holdings, he aald. '

“Communal farmers!
are sacrificing their im-:
mediate needs for build-,
‘ing © brighter future, Tc
me this is human, I don’t
think it ig a question of
eapitalism, socialism or.
ony particular -ism.” ..

From 1981-1985 _ the
World Bank group ap-
proved 14 projects in Zi-
mbabwe aud signed loan.
and credit agreements of:
more than US#404 ae
ion. ‘

cso: 3400/209

My Burney said the
opening last month of 2
permanent office in Ha-
rare added a new dimen-
sion to relationg between
the World Bank and Zi-
mbabwe. It would improve
‘communications between
the two sides’ and give
the bank first-hand know.
ledgg of development
problems and the Govern-"
ment’s onses to the,
issueg involved, 1
=. “We have much con-
:fidence in the future de-
velopment prospects in
Zimbabwe and as-an inter.
national development in-
atitution we are glad to!
I" ‘a part of it.”

Zimbabwe fs one of 147
countries which are mem+
‘pers of the bank, :

‘) "Tt is often thought
, that the bank has an i leo.
logical bent akin to that

‘the Western. industrial.
ised countries.

* "But we are not an
ideological institution. In
these days of scarce re-
sources both nationally |
-and internationally we try
to follow the first princi |
ple: the most effective |
utilisation of scarce re-:

sources without saying it ©

should be through this

system or that system,’

We attach no tical
| gtrings,” said Mr Burney,
who in 81 years with the

127

World Bank has spent 20
: years engaged in its lend-
ling operations, mainly for
|gountries in the Middle
|Bast and Africa.

‘The bank’s public sec-

jtor i ig about
‘US$12-18 billion’ @ year.
Its staff includes techni-
cal ex) drawn, from

ieountries, developing ones

and - socialist countries
and maeny~ come with
years of experience in
their own .

we can bring the deve-
lopment experience to
decision-makers in parti-
cular countries on parti-
cular issues this, we

clude financing for
Hwange thermal power
station, agricultural ex-
tension ‘and = research,
urban housing develop-
ment te and
export promotion throu

the provision of forelen
exchange for priority
imports of raw. materials,
spare parts and. compo-

Renta, y



SOUTH AFRICA

Strengths, Weaknesses of Botha's Leadership After 7 Years
(Frans Esterhuyse; WEEKEND ARGUS, 28 Sep 85) ..

Heunis Interviewed on Government Reforms
(Chris Heunis Interview; Johannesburg Television Service,

1A Oct 85) ceveccccceccccvccececrececeesecesceseesesences

Government Accused of Double Standard Regarding Mandela Case
(Joe's Burg; SOWETAN, 4 Oct 85) .cccesceccccccsccsccssees

ANC's Tambo AAPSO Meeting News Conference
(Addis Ababa Radio Freedom in English to South Africa,

UA Oct 85) sececcceccceccnccnsesevceseceeceeevseeeeeseses

ANC's Motives in Holding Talks Discussed
(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 21 Oct 85) wssssecesseees

New Evidence That Torture Is Widely, Systematically Practiced
(THE WEEKLY MAIL, 4-10 Oct 85) .sececcesceccceecscceeeees

Events in Recent Weeks Reveal Facts, by Anton Harber
Trauma of Returning to Normal Life, by Mary Ramsay
Affidavits of Ex-Detainees

Consequences of Education Crisis Examined
(SOWETAN, 4 Oct 85) sessseseeeee

Cape Bid for New Education System
(Gaye Davis; THE ARGUS, 27 Sep 85) .......

Black Rejection of Botha Council Inclusion Offer Explained
(Sam Mabe; SOWETAN, 4 Oct 85) ..

More Dialog Between Bosses, Workers Urged
(Sam Mabe; SOWETAN, 3 Oct 85) ..

Churchs' Kairos Document Examined
(Sam Mabe; SOWETAN, 2 Oct 85) .scccccescuceecece

Sowetan Teachers Feel Caught Between Police, Pupils
(Sefako Nyaka; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 4-10 Oct 85) ccscecceeees

Buthelezi Warns 'Fifth Column' Teachers
(THE CITIZEN, 18 Oct 85) weececcesecceceeeceeavecs

HSRC Notes Increase in Opposition to Marriage Laws
(SAPA, 21 Oct 85) cesccecsccvceccsceccceeccececescesesces

12

14

21

23

27

36

38

40

42

a

46

47



JPRS*SSA*85#110
8 November 1985

MORE WORK FOR BIGGER FOUNDRY--APE Africa's recently-expanded foundry at its
Wadeville works is being put to good use with a variety of new order intakes.
The foundry was extended recently with the addition of a new oxygen-enriched
rotary furnace. The furnace is producing meehanite for APE's own range of
pumps made under names such as APE Sangus, Ritz, Allen Gwynnes and Byron
Jackson. New order intakes have meant a diversification of production at
the foundry into components for new ranges of pumps and into forklift counter-
weights. The counterweights are being produced as part of a local-content
programme for Mitsubishi forklift trucks. APE inherited the Mitsubishi
franchise when it absorbed Thomas & Taylor in January, both companies being
part of NEI Africa. Other new product lines at the foundry are parts for
Vacseal slurry pumps and the Stork range of pumps. These components were
previously manufactured by Air Steel International--APE recently acquired
the interests of Air Steel International in Cape Town, distributors of the

Stork range of Holland. [Text] [Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English
26 Sep 85 p 12]

STOP SENSELESS KILLING--The annual congress of the Inkatha Women's Brigade held
in the KwaZulu capital of Ulundi has called on the United Democratic Front
[UNDF] to order a stop to the senseless killing of black -by black in black
towns. In a six-part resolution fon] current violence the brigade also
appealed to the SDF to stop tolerating in its mdist those who are busy sowing
seeds of a black versus black civil war and these elements which burned people
alive and hacked people to death. Other sections of the resolution condemned
the Black Sash and Diakonia for the divisive attitudes sometimes displayed when
they claimed Inkatha was responsible for conflict leading to black "internicene”
strife, expressed disgust at black organizations which became diverted from
attacking the country's internal policies and turned their energies to promot—
ing conflict between blacks. Tt called on the media to stop misrepresenting
Inkatha and vilifying its president, Chief Magosuthu Buthelezi, and called on
the ANC mission in exile to stop using children as its pawns in games of
violence. [Text] [Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT

21 Oct 85 MB]

UNREST EQUIPMENT ARRIVES--Cape Town, 21 October (SAPA)--New equipment to combat
unrest has arrived in the Cape Peninsula, police said today. Lt Attie Laubscher,
a police liaison officer, said the equipment would be put into use immediately.
Included are a helicopter, two casspirs with guns that shoot rubber bullets

in rapid-fire, and a water cannon. The new equipment is being deployed in the
wake of widespread allegations of police heavy-handedness in dealing with un~-
rest and the large number of deaths as a result of police action. Until now
police have requested the assistance of SADF helicopters for a birds-eye view
of unrest areas or to hunt wanted people in bushy areas. The minister of law
and order, Mr Louis le Grange, announced the purchase of the helicopter and
development of the water cannon some months ago and the commissioner of police,
Gen Johan Coetzee, said recently the water cannon was undergoing final demon~
strations. It is the first time mention has been made of casspirs able to
shoot rubber bullets in rapid fire. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English

0920 GMT 21 Oct 85 MB]

105



is as a result of struggle. He is talking now about changing the pass laws.
He has not changed them but even to talk about changing [words indistinct] he
is trying to contain the power of the revolutionary movement, to buy off the
revolution. He is manoeuvring because he ‘cannot hold his ground any longer.

“(Words indistinct] content merely to get him to retreat. We want to destroy
him. Therefore, if he retreats we pursue until he comes.down. And that is the
objective. So, the struggle continues getting stronger and stronger until

the apartheid system cannot stand, until the people take over power." [revolu-
tionary song] ‘

/12232
CsO: 3400/223

26



JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SOEKOR OFFICIAL REVIEWS FIRM'S PROGRESS

Johannesburg MINING WORLD in English Sep 85 pp 24, 27, 29

[Interview with Dr P.J. van Zijl--time, place not given]

[Text]

In this interview, Dr P.J. van Zijl, managing director of Soekor--

Southern Oil Exploration Corporation (Pty) Ltd--reveals a number of
interesting facts concerning’ the exploration and possible exploitation

of gas and oil off our shores.
R5 000 000/a, this figure now stands at R185 000 000/a.
has drilled about 100 wells and is presently drilling 14 to 16 holes per

year,

on average.

Soekor has now been in business for
two decades. What has been achiev-
ed by it, over this period of time?

Soekor was brought into existence in
May 1965. We started off with people
inexperienced in oil exploration work
and relied heavily on overseas exper-
tise. Today we have a well organised
team here — oil geologists, geo-
physicists, drilling engineers. Our
drilling costs are about one-half of
those in the North Sea oilfields. We
have not had any drilling problems
for years and our work is progress-
ing well.

One must also bear in mind that we
have been operating at a very slow
pace. We have only two rigs in opera-
tion, at times we only had one.
Initially we drilled four holes per rig
per year. We have just about doubled
this rate.

We are thus exploring a little faster
but you cannot compare our opera-
tion with that of, for instance, Brazil.
At certain times that country has 30
active offshore rigs.

85

Two decades ago, Soekor's budget was

So far,

On the discovery side it is now fair-
ly well-known that we have found gas
off the Mossel Bay coast, and that
very recently we have also found oil
which we produced.on surface at the
rate of 2 500 barrels per day.

What has the oil search cost this
country since the mid 1960s?

By the end of March this year, that
is the end of our financial year, we
spent a total of R500 000 000 over a
20-year period. This is a large sum of
money, but if we compare our ex-
ploration with that of Brazil, we find
that they spend about US dollars
500 000 000 per annum or double the
amount we spent over the total period
of our existence.

How has Soekor’s budget changed
over the years, and what is Soekor’s
annual budget now?

Our first budget was RS 000 000 per
annum. This figure has increased by
leaps and bounds, as costs went up

Soekor


JPRS+SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA
REPORTER EXAMINES VIEWS, ACTIVITIES OF TOWNSHIP CHILDREN
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 27 Sep 85 p 7
[Article by Sipho Ngcobo]
[Text]
WHILE some Soweto children On the other side there are others

are determined to bring about
political change in the country
at any cost, others are not in
favour of boycotts and resent
the disruption of their studies.
Those intent on bringing about
litical change are fully commit-
— even to violence.

Tebogo (17), of Diepkloof, a Form ~

3 student, talks forcefully, a scowl
always on his face. While not a
member of any nisation he is a

firm believer in rioting and tough

measures to discipline those “w!
are retarding the progress of the
si ”,

outs and police informers
deserve to be burned alive. Those
who defy calls for consumer boy.
cotts of white businesses must
taught a lesson,” he said.

“Anybody who is spotted carry-
ing a parcel bearing a mark of a
city shop and if there happens to be
a bottle of household cleaner in his
parcel, he or she must be stopped
and forced to drink it until he vor-
its. Even it is a five litre can of
cooking oil she must still be forced
to drink it all,” he said.

“I and my comrades have done
that a number of times. We have
made them eat their meat parcels
raw. They eat it, drink detergent
and eat ail the raw vegetables t! cy
have bought in town. They eat unt
‘there is nothing in the parcel.

who do not favour School boycotts
and are ay partic’ in
riot activities A umber. com:
plained that often they did not even

jow why classes were being boy-
cotted as these issues “were not
explained by those claiming to be
‘student leaders”.

“I want to go back to school.
AmaCosas (members of the now-

. banned Congress of SA Students,

80

Cosas) say we must boycott classes,
Why? I want to go back to school
and study until Yam a doctor and
build my mother a big house,” said.
Pinkie (12), a Standard 5 pupil.

Patrick (20), of White Cit 2 whose
father works as a general labourer
for a newspaper company, said
that the type of education he is
receiving H inferior but: yin
gayinyova (we can al
‘stay out of school, but we ou be
the ones who suffer in the end.

“Some of these things are not
even ‘ly explained to us. We
are simply told to boycott classes
without any explanation. These
leaders take us for granted.

“T also think we should respect

‘our parents because they toil for

the money they finance our educa-

tion with, However, that oes mean
am aware o! prob! ”

he added. . ms,

A jarge number believe hurling a
brick, half-brick or a stone at a



Construction work on the stadium which was pre-financed by the Chinese gov-
ernment began in April 1982 with a 140-man construction team.

According to Mr. Zao Wenbing, Deputy Director of the Chinese Construction
team, beside the suspended gynasium, and swimming pool which are to be under-
taken by the Liberian government, the entire enclosure of the stadium will be
completed in December this year.

The stadium, with a canopy of 186 meters, has a translator electric score-
board, 100-bed sportsmen hotel, 209 rooms in the main stadium for coaches,
players and janitors, 33 toilets, 12 foundations, seven sale counters, and
three clinics. It is capable of seating up to 30,000 spectators.

There is also parking space for 200 VIP and 60 staff vehicles, and courts
for nine games including basketball and vollyball.

In the medical arena, a team of 14 Chinese doctors arrived here in July 1984
and are currently catering to the health needs of hundreds of patients pour-
ing into the Government Hospital in Tubmanburg, Bomi County.

The team led by Dr. Wu Yequan comprises 11 doctors, a translator, cook and
driver for whom the Liberian government provides living quarters.

In 1984, the team treated 54,193 patients suffering from diseases ranging from
290 different diseases ranging from malaria to heart infection. Four hundred
and sixty-seven of these were emergency cases. The Chinese doctors also per-
formed 791 major operations impossible at the J.F.K. Hospital in Monrovia, ac-
cording to Dr. Wu.

With the help of a modern pharmacy stocked with Chinese manufactured drugs,
the team treats about 300 patients daily from around the country. Due to the
lack of adequate beds at the hospital, 80 patients can be admitted at present.

The Chinese gynecologists, surgeons, pediatricians, anesthesiologists, pharma~
cists and laboratory technicians perform equally well, but most patients ad-
mire acupuncturist Dr. Liu Jiayin who uses the 2,000-year-old Chinese method
of curing diseases.

Acupuncture, according to Dr. Jiayin, is an ancient method of relieving pain
and treating diseases by inserting needles into various parts of the body.
This treatment has been internationally recognized since 1960.

On the whole, the performance of the Chinese team has been described as excel-
lent by patients discharged from the 32-year-old Government Hospital.

The leader of the Chinese medical team, says this trend of appreciation for
their services will indeed cement the friendship which both governments seek
to promote in various dimensions.

19274
cso: 3400/266



point out that the leader of the opposition finds himself in a particular
position. He has parliamentary. privilege, that is why we were prepared to
allow him to go out and talk to the ANC. But that does not pertain to the
students from Stellenbosch University.

[Rogers] No, we will get back now to the point you made earlier that the
Progressive Federal Party [PFP] have had a delegation go up there, businessmen
have had its delegation go up there, now why OK for them, not OK for the
students? ,

[Miller] Well in the case of the business community the state president
appealed to them to voluntarily decide not to go and visit the ANC for the
very sound réason which the state president gave, namely, that it is not in
South Africa's strategic interest for these dialogues and contacts to go on
at the moment, and not until the ANC, in fact, foreswore violence. There is
also a security risk to South Africa with information being given to the ANC
which perhaps they should not have. Unintentionally:’given to them but never-
theless there is a risk for South Africa.

[Rogers] But why were the businessmen allowed to go? Is this because they
are a more affluent, more influential lobby?

[Miller] No,-we had hoped that they would decide voluntarily not to go. They
then decided to go and in the light of that the state has now taken a very
firm stand on future applications for passports to go and talk to the ANC.

[Rogers] And has that, minister, has that been triggered at all by the fact
that the students represent in a sense Afrikanerdom and the government might
be more sensitive about such an approach coming from them?

[Miller] No, I don't think that is the overriding consideration. It may be
one possibility, but it is certainly not the major reason. The major reason
as given in the statement by the minister for home affairs is that’ this sort
of contact is a threat to our national. security and that is why the government
decided not to give it to them.

[Rogers] And do you see this now as a precedent, there would be no more sitting
down and talking to-the ANC by any other delegations, bodies, organizations?

[Miller] I think on probability that is correct, yes.

[Rogers] Now is that wise if one considers that Dr Van Zyl Slabbert, for in-
stance, has come back from such a meeting saying that he believes on the basis
of the meeting that there appears to be some room for maneuver, some basis for
discussions between the ANC and government?

[Miller] Undoubtedly that is so. I think there is a lot of room for discus—
sion with the ANC, but we cannot engage in that discussion with them until they
stand aside from violence as long as their strategy is to overthrow South
Africa by violent means, then the room that is there is for discussions, the
areas of negotiation which are there, are not relevant or valid.

50



UNCERTAINTY OF MINERALS EXPORTS REFLECTED

JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA
‘ :

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY (Supplement) in English 23 Sep 85 p 4

[Article by Roy Bennetts]

[Text]

MINERAL exports have
the appearance of a rol-
ler-coaster, with the vol-
ume on the down slope
and local revenue from
sales climbing to the
stars,

Figures released by
the Department of Min-
eral and Energy Affairs
show that in March the
country produced about
56,4 tons of gold, with an
export value of R1 043m.
By May production had
aopped 51,4 tons but,
with the value up to:
R1 148m. .

Over this period the
selling price of gold in
local terms increased by
65% — from Ri85m a
ton to R22,2m a ton.—
pile production fell by

9%.

‘The dollar price of the
metal varied between
$315 and $320 an ounce,
but with the rand/dollar
exchange rate taking a
nose-dive, the local value
to. the lucer jumped
from 000kg during
the first quarter of the

ear to over R30 000 kg in
the third quarter.

Coal, sold as export,
began the current year at
3,1-million tons for Janu-
ary, declining to 2,8-mil-
lion tons in May, with the
value of sales dropping
from R192m to R175m.

Compared with the
first month of 1984, when
2,6-million tons were sold
for R109m, and May with
3,1-million tons sold for

. R138m, there has been a

marginal drop in export
mass but a 48% gain in
the local selling price.

Over the seven years
from 1978 to 1984, export
tonnages climbed from
under 19-million tons a
ear to just under 40-mil-
ion tons. Revenue during
the same period soare
from about R300m to
Ri 700m.

At the end of last year,

gold exports remained:

firmly in the No 1 spot
with revenue of
R11 559m, with coal in
second place and dia-
monds adding a further
R518m to the coffers.

In the first three
months of the current

92

year gold exports were
worth R3 607m, coal
R682m and diamonds
R175m, with the higher
exchange rate still to
come.

Diamonds

A recent De Beers re-
port for the first six
months of 1985 showed
the diamond account
soaring by 53% in rand
terms, from R208m to
R318m. Unfortunately,
the foreign currency
earnings were nowhere
near as impressive, rising
ork 4% trom $153m to

Gold is believed to
have broken away from
; the historic ups and
| downs dependent on

| world situations,
‘Recent overseas pres-
sure pushed the rand
. down to an all-time low
of $0,36 but at the’ same
time gold started a climb
to nearly $350.
| Since January, chart-
ists have expected an uj
ward trend of the gold



NATAL'S TWO MAIN NEWSPAPERS TO BE TAKEN OVER BY NEW COMPANY

Johannexburg BUSINESS DAY in English.4 Oct 85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

3400/188

NATAL'S two main dail newspapers,
NATAL'S tno til dey aD ews,

are to be taken over by & new POnrery

formed jointl renee owners.
f red olny OY NE Natal

ill be 70% owned ‘as pu
in soup and 3% Robitton be Co. It

by
and publish the Dail
ihre
“oune, Nani ‘ost Nat

SA Associated Ni

of Business D Pay, Sunday Nn and
Financial Me its 49%
stake in Robinson & Co. Saan has ap-
proved the de ‘which becomes effective
(on November 1.

‘Announcing the move Durban yes.
ea gon & Co MD David Ral
son sald he had a ed Argus for a

increasingly

Projected losses for next year for the
.Mercury are in the six-figure bracket
‘and are expected to increase.

The Competition Boar hes spproved

the arr

& Co cont es fo t the editor of

the Mercury and its editorial

poll The board will continue to
nt the editors of the former Argus

newspapers.
‘The Minister of Home Affairs has also
the scheme.
ition Board chairman Steph
Be pile inte sre pares
a
is to be ted that an
dently controll newspaper is to ose
that Independence. However it is clear

that, as has happened to other newspa-
in recent the Natal Mercu:

. ee survive financially under
circumstances.

JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS+*SSA«85*110
8 November 1985

Affidavits of Ex-Detainees
Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 4-10 Oct 85 pp 13, 14

[Text] @’THEY forced my legs open by at a house and’ wantonly broke all the

heating the inside of my thighs with

sjamboks and attempted repeatedly

to kick me in my private parts.”

@'They beat me with a sjambok on

my back and chest and smashed my

toes and head with a short wooden
0

@ "Four black policemen forced me
to hold up a chair above the heads of
the detainees while | was forced to
crouch in an uncomfortable posi-

tion.”

THESE are the words of former
emergency detainee Mr Vusumsi George
of Motherwell, Port Elizabeth.

His affidavit and others in support of
last week's Supreme Court application
brought by Dr Wendy Orr, a Port
Elizabeth district surgeon,and 43 others
persuaded Mr Justice Eksteen to grant an
interim order restr: g the police from
assaulting detainees in Port EI rabeth
prisons.

Mr George is‘not alone. Detainees who
share St Albans prison cells with him
made similar claims which in turn were
endorsed by Dr Orr who told the court
that detainees were systematically and
brutally assaulted on a vast scale by
police. ,

In his affidavit Mr George tells of his
arrest on July 22 about 2,30am after
police allegedly gained entry to his home
by breaking a window.

“Two plainclothes policemen entered
my bedroom where my wife and I were
sleeping. My wife was nine months
pregnant but the police nevertheless. beat
her and myself with quirts."

Mr George said that after his house was
ransacked he was assaulted again by a
policeman before he was taken to a police
vehicle in which his brother and others
were locked en route to the Algoa Park
police station.

"Police dropped my brother off far
from his house and beat him with
sjamboks. Later they stopped a car with a
couple in it and sprayed teargas through
the window. This act seemed to be
without justification because the
policemen laughed and drove off leaving
the car behind. At one stage they stopped

32

outside lights."

Mr George said he was taken from the
police station to St Albans prison. A
week later he was taken to Louis le
Grange Square police headquarters in
Port Elizabeth where a Special-Branch
policeman asked him his name. "When I
gave it to him he immediately struck me
across my face."

Two policemen identified as Strydom
and Niewoudt questioned him about
documents confiscated in the search at:
his house, he said. .

“They made me sit on the floor with my
hands handcuffed behind my back and
forced my legs open by beating the
insides of my thighs with sjamboks. They
then attempted repeatedly to kick me in
my private parts.

"They asked me if I had seen Denis
Neer. I said I had and that he had a
bruised face. They said that if I did not
tell the truth I would end up like Denis,

"They then beat me with a sjambok .on
my back and chest and smashed my toes
and head with a short wooden stick. They
took me into another room and four
black policemen forced me to do physical
exercises until I was exhausted.

"Then they made me hold up a ch:
above the heads of other detainees while
Iwas forced to crouch in an
uncomfortable position. During this time
no questions were asked,

"Then Tungata, another sec y
policeman, came in and ordered me to
stand as if 1 was embracing a metal filing
cabinet. He began punching me in the
kidneys from behind and hammering me
on my shoulders with two-fisted blows.

"He beat my ears with open hands, He
threw me onto the floor and asked me
questions while kicking me.

"Two other policemen entered the
room and assisted with the general
assault which fasted about half an hour.
Tungata and these two policemen then
took me to the room next door and beat
me with their fists and open hands until I
began screaming.

"Two or three white policemen then
came into the room and one of the three
brought a wet towel which was placed
tightly around my face and head while
the towel was suffocating me. They beat



JPRS*SSA*854110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SOWETAN TEACHERS FEEL ‘CAUGHT BETWEEN POLICE, PUPILS
Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 4-10 Oct 85 p 11
[Article by Sefako Nyaka]

[Text] Since the start of the school boycotts more than a year ago, teaching
- and life - have become one big headache for teachers at black schools.

“Teaching in black schools is dangerous," says one teacher, who insists on
anonymity. Teachers have found themselves trapped in "the parent, pupil and
police triangle".

If pupils doubt his “loyalty” to their cause, then he risks his house being
petrol-bombed. Worse still, he might end up the victim of a “necklace” (a
tyre doused in petrol, placed around the victim's neck and set alight).

On September 3 the homes of two teachers at Madibane High School in Diepkloof
were attacked. Some teachers are worried that those two were the first
victims of a “hit~list”.

And if the police think the teacher is on the side of his charges, then he
risks detention. At times when police have taken action against pupils,
teachers were caught -in the cross-fire.

In early September a white teacher and 10 pupils were hurt when police fired
birdshot at Musi High in Pimville, Soweto.

On the other hand, parents expect teachers to continue teaching despite the
chaotic situation in the township.

For example, this teacher knows of a parent who said to a neighbour of his:
"He (the teacher) has finished his studies. Now he incites our children to
boycott classes.”

As if that is not enough, circuit inspectors leave teachers and principals to
convey to pupils and parents the decisions "they (school authorities) take
from the safety of their carpeted offices in Booysens (the regional offices of
the Department of Education and Training Offices)," the teacher says.

44



JPRS*SSA*85+110
8 November 1985

ZIMBABWE

SMITH'S REMARKS IN BBC INTERVIEW CONSIDERED TREASONABLE
MB181505 Harare THE HERALD in English 12 Oct 85 p 4
[Editorial: "Racial Spite"]

[Text] If the political sentiments now and again expressed by Mr Ian Smith
merely reflected his own twisted reasoning, one would simply raise an eyebrow,
observing that "the village madman is at it again" and then leave it at that.

But this is not the case, because the political views of the former rebel
prime minister which reek of facial spite, represents a pattern of thinking
which justified white minority rule in this country and was responsible for
the death of thousands of Zimbabweans.

His beliefs are the sum total of a:‘world outlook which provided the foundations
for the philosophy of colonialsim and capitalist imperialism, which impelled
Britain and other Western countries to seize foreign lands, dispossessing whole
nations in the name of so-called Western civilisation.

It is that way of thinking which created the South African drama, whose full
tragic dimensions on a continental if not world scale, are yet to unfold in
the course of the struggle to overthrow the apartheid regime.

In short Smith's thinking is the essence of colonialism which was an act of
banditry seeking no other goal but the illicit amassing of wealth through
unbridled exploitation of millions for the benefit of a few.

Against the background of the massive support the conservative alliance re-
ceived from the white voters during the election, Smith's recent. utterances
represent an ideological challenge to the people of this country and are a
monumental insult to the memory of those who died in the struggle to over-
throw his racist, colonial white minority regime.

Had it not been for the Lancaster House ‘constitutional talks and all the
limitations they imposed, Smith would deservedly have been tried for inhuman
crimes against the people of Zimbabwe.

As it is, not only has Smith spurned the hand of reconciliation, he now cynic-

ally claims that for the past 5 years only the whites have observed the dictates
of reconciliation, while the government has not.

113



out that initially the state president warned the private sector not to go
ahead with its visit to Lusaka to discuss matters with the ANC, for very cogent
reasons, which the president gave. But unfortunately, the ‘business sector de-
cided to ignore that request from the state president. We asked them to volun-
tarily, to decide voluntarily, not to go to Lusaka, and they chose to ignore
that. Now, you know, one can only ask so many times, and then eventually the
state had to act in the interests of all its citizens, and that has happened
now because it is apparent that people are not voluntarily prepared to listen
to the advice which we give them.

[Rogers] I would like to come back to that, but first of all, if we could
look at the timing of this action. We have refused the appeals for clemency
for Moloise, who is going to hang. There have been more fatal shootings by
the security forces in’Cape Town, and now this action, all at a time when the
Commonwealth government leaders are meeting in the Bahamas to discuss, among
other things, sanctions against’ South Africa. I 'think-there [is] a lot of
people out there thinking, you know: They have done it again.

[Miller] Yes. You know, the timing of actions such as these which, I must
admit-~and the government will always admit--are drastic actions, are dictated
by events and the potential threat to South African security. And that is of
paramount importance. Not the political repercussions as such, although these
are taken into very serious consideration when one makes these extremely diffi-
cult and delicate decisions. But in the end, the overriding considerations here
are the consequences of not making the decisions. And we have decided that,

in the case of these students and the contact with the ANC, that at this very
moment it is not in the interests of South Africa for those negotiations or
discussions to go ahead.

[Rogers] Now, if we could look for a moment at the consequences of taking the
decision. Have you not dealt now an ace to Sir Sonny Ramphal and the Common-
wealth leaders who are going to push for sanctions against South Africa? Do
you accept that that is the price we have to pay?

[Miller] Well, you know, the people who are going to take umbrage at this
decision are really the people [who] are supportive of the ANC's strategy for
using violence against South Africa in an attempt to bring about a political
change here. I think the peaple who are well informed and understand the posi-
tion in South Africa, and understand ‘our. psoition, will in fact not take umbrage
at this statement. A number of countries will find themselves in an embarrass—
ing position because of the pressure which will be exerted on them by other
countries who do not have the same understanding. But I am confident that
these people who have South Africa's interests at’ heart will understand the
position, and will hold their ground against political pressure.

[Rogers] Now, I do not know how well informed you think the leader of the
opposition is, but he has today described the action as staggeringly stupid.
Could you comment?

[Miller] Well, you see, the leader of the opposition himself has been up to
talk to the ANC for whatever reason he wanted to talk to them. I may just

49



And when they, as teachers, transmit the message to the pupils and their
parents they usually bear the brunt of the community anger.

The teacher says the grievances of the pupils are genuine, and if the
Department of Education and Training had responded to them initially, then the
situation would long ago have returned to normal.

At times, when pupils get shot teachers blame themselves, saying "we could
have done something” to avoid the unnecessary death.

Some teachers have instructed pupils not to wear uniforms in order to avoid
victimisation from boycotting students. On the other hand, the students are
usually picked up by the police when they are found out of uniform.

After 1976, hundreds of teachers resigned because of pressure from the pupils
or because they could not work within the confines of the Bantu Education
system.

But the situation is different now. With the recession biting deeper, there
are not alternative jobs for teachers.

Some are staying on with the hope that the situation will soon get back to
normal. But they have been living with that optimism for over a year now.

Another teacher says that what worries him most is not that his teaching is
going to waste but, as he put it, the children's education has been rudely
disrupted because someone in authority thinks that by demanding a democratic
SRC the students are being "used by the communists”.

This teacher, who also asked not to be named, has a young child and a
26-year-old wife.

"Every morning when I set off to school I look at them, always reminding
myself that I might be seeing them for the last time.

“Who knows. I might be locked up in Sun City (Johannesburg Prison) or my life
might be ended on the dusty streets by a stray bullet,” he says.

What did he do during the holidays? "Well, I used to sleep until 8 because I
knew that I was not going to work. But now I wake up early not knowing
whether I will be standing in front of an empty classroom."

But worse still, every morning these teachers first have a report from
township people on the situation in the areas in which they teach or have to
pass through when they go to school.

Otherwise they might be caught in the middle of a confrontation between
students and the police - far from home or school.

13104
cso: 3400/253

45



RIGHTWING AFRIKANERS SEEK BACKING FOR TREATY

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 Oct 85 p4

[Article by Andrew Thomson]

[Text]

cso:

“RIGHTWING Afri

kaans _ organisations, |
including the Afrika-
ner Volkswag and the |
Afrikaner Weerstand- .
beweging, have :
Jaunched a - campaign
to obtain signatories to
a new document |
known as the “Afrika-
nerverbond” or Afri- .
_kaner Treaty. !

The treaty affirms the
Aftikaner’s commitment !
to God, the Bible, consti- ;
tutional. freedom, g
fatherland, Christian nat- |
ional education, econom-
ic independence, and self- !
determination. |

The document was dis-
tributed for the first time
yesterday at a meeting of -
about 3500 people at
Silkaatsnek north of Pre~
toria,

The meeting was ad-
dressed by the chairman
of the Afrikaner Volks-
wag, Professor Care! Bo-
shoff, after a colourful |
historical pageant which |
was largely contributed to
by the ‘leader of -the
AWB, Mr Eugene Terre’-
Blanche. Also present at
the meeting were Mrs

3400/212

Betsie Verwoerd and
other members of the
Verwoerd family.
Prof Boshoff told the
meeting that the Afrika-
| ner people were irrevoca-
‘bly opposed to a unitary
state and insisted on their
!own “republican free-
!dom”, but were also in’
favour of other groups
; achieving their own free-
! dom.
In the economic
sphere, Afrikaners de-.
“manded’ protection for
their jobs, and in any fu-
‘ture sovereign Afrikaner
state immigration and in-
‘flux control as well as a
:work — permit system,
would be enforced. .
| On the subject of an.
l Afrikaner state, Prof Bo-

" shoff said that any nation
| Fequired its own country ,
in order to ensure its sur-

‘vival. .

“No nation’s future is
-safe in a country which
+does not exclusively be-
long to it,” he said,
: “which is not controlled,
pocupied and worked by‘

He said the Afrikaner
chad a right to his own
fatherland and was pre-
pared to offer his life for
that end. The Afrikaner
also had a right to his own

74

JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

educational system, based
on Christian nationalism.

Prof Boshoff said the
Afrikaner rejected the

| notion that his will to self-
j determination and separ-,
ate development was in
contrast to the teachings
of the Bible, and he said
théChurch was not meant
to be a vehicle fur inte-
; 8rationist policies,

“Some clerics misuse
the church in trying to ap-
ply pressure on the con-
sciences of Afrikaners,
filling them with a false

; Sense of guilt, and en-
! couraging themi to sacri-
! fice their freedom and
j calling for which their
forefathers fought and
suffered.”
; The historical pageant,
| presented at the meeting
covered the history of the,
Afrikaner from the land-
ing of Van Riebeeck up to
the present day. A large
section of the narrative.
was delivered by the lead-
ler of the AWB, Mr Eu-
gene Terre’Blanche, who:
stood at a microphone be-
hind the set. the pageant
‘included a dramatisation
of the new Constitution,
‘and this was greeted by
cries of “skande”, “non-
sens” and “nooit” by the
audience.



JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NATAL BUSINESS GROUPS REJECT KWAZULU CONSOLIDATION
MB180938 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0900 GMT 18 Oct 85

[Text] Four of Natal's biggest organizations hased in Durban have disassoci-
ated themselves from the hearing of the Commission for Cooperation and De-
velopment on the controversial consolidation proposals for KwaZulu. The com-
mission began hearing evidence in Durban this morning.

The organizations are the Durban Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce, the Natal
Chamber of Industries; the Durban Sake Kamer [Durban Afrikaans Business
Chamber] and the South African Sugar Association.

In a joint statement issued in Durban, the organizations say they are opposed
to any further geographical consolidation of KwaZulu, because they see Natal
and KwaZulu as an integrated economic unit. The four organizations say fur-
ther consolidation would not be in keeping with the aim of providing a local
political structure which would make provision for joint decisionmaking among
the various population groups. They say progress on such a structure has
been made by the provincial council and the KwaZulu Government.

The Zululand Chamber of Commerce and: Industry has also stated its opposition

to the consolidation proposals. The commission has already heard evidence
at Vryheid and at Richard's Bay.

/12232
cs0: 3400/225

84



Proposals

‘The President’s Coun- ;

cil will only allow blacks
to make proposals to the
Government. The ulti-
mate power will still re-
side in the white Gov- !
ernment.

Mr Botha’ said any
constitution would have
to take into account the
multicultural nature of »
the population and that
minorities would have to
be protected.

It cannot be denied ;
that there are many cul- +

tural and ethnic differ- |

ences among the people
of South Africa. These :
differences, though no
cause of friction, have
been exploited and in ;
most cases, exaggerated
in an attempt to split the
black nation.

The differences ‘were
cused to create the bantu- -
stans which have now
deprived blacks of their
South African cit-
izenship. Because of .

such an experience,"

blacks will not tolerate a
constitution that will
draw any’ ethnic, racial,
orcultural differences,

csO: 3400/211

Blacks believe that in
a democratic South Af-
rica, everybody who
owes his loyalty to Af-"
tica, will be accepted as
an African and treated
as such.

Problems

Mr Botha has spoken_

of units which will be

recognised on a group -

basis and that each

| group will have ‘auton- .

omy on matters that af-
fect only that unit.

t By units, the Govern-
ment means ethnic *
groups. Bantustans will ©

. still be operative and

blacks will exercise their. |

| political rights there. *
_ This does not take

blacks any further than’

they have always been.”

But even if it were not
for the shortfalls that are
inherent in Mr Botha’s,
constitutional dispensa-~
tion, he would still fact |
serious problems in try-
ing to sell his deal to
blacks.

Nowadays, blacks are
no longer questioning
what the - Government
does, they are question-
ing the Government's,
Tight to doit. ;

39

And whether rightly
or wrongly, they do not:
consider themselves to
be at the mercy of the
Government to allow
them to determine their
future role in the politics
of South Africa.

What they believe to
be their right to self-de-
termination, is what
| they are committed to
defending, even at the-
cost of their own lives.

The politics of half-a-
loaf is better than no
bread have become a

| thing of the past. .

Judging from what

;has been happening in
South Africa since 1976,.
it would seem that the
National Party Govern-
ment will never satisfy
the political aspirations
of blacks. Not everi the
PFP or any other white
government.

There seems to be
only one mandate that
(Mr Botha is sure to get
‘from Azapo, UDF,
ANC and the PAC —
that is to call elections at
which every South Afri-

ican will be eligible to
vote and to stand as a
candidate.



ZAMBEZI RIVER STATES ATTEND TRAINING TALKS

Harare THE HERALD in English 8 Oct 85 p 5

[Text]

cso:

EIGHTEEN representatives of seven Southern
African countries and Swapo are in Harare at-
tending a two-week Jong training seminar

on | environmentally
sound management of

water resources.

Part, of the discussions
during yesterday's semi-
mar were centred on the;
proposed action for the
environmental manage~
ment of common,
Zambezi River system.

The aim of the project
is to promote the de-
velopment, adoption ond
implementation ,of en:
virommentally ‘sound
water management in the
Zambezi River system,
‘and by this to contribute
to the sound socio-econo-
mic development in the,
basin countries, moe

‘The river system en-
compasses eight countries
and constitutes for some
of them thé, main water
resource,

An expert ,with the
International Training
Centre for Water Re-
sources Management, Dr.

C. Thanh, told the
participants that the
system should make pro-
vision for forecasting

3400/209

funoffs, floods, sedimenta-
tion, droughts, water
shortages and variations

in water quality, Soil
moisture and water de-
mands.

The action plan calls
for the implementation of
comprehensive and
effective water quality
management programme
of surface and ground
water resources, The {m-
plementation of this qual-
ity programme would
require’ the harmonised
development of _ safe
drinking water and sup-
plies and sanitation.

The programme would

“also require that polluting:

125

substances be controlled
at the source and ensure
that the interests of
countries downstream be
taken into consideration
by _ controlling water
levels upstream,

‘The. participants are
from Angola, Lesotho,
Malawi, Mozambique,
Namibia, Tanzania, Zam-
bia and Zimbabwe.

JPRS*SSA+85«110
8 November 1985

ZIMBABWE



IJPRS*SSA%85*110
8 November 1985

SWAZILAND

PAPER EXPLAINS LOSS OF POWER OF LIQOQO
MB120923 Mbabane THE SWAZI NEWS in English 12 Oct 85 pp 1, 7

[Text] The Liqogo has lost its supreme powers which it has enjoyed since its
inception in 1982, it was announced in the government gazette released yes—
terday.

The Liqoqgo has also lost the powers of appointing a person who would be em-
powered to perform the regent's functions and duties in the event of Her
Majesty's being unable to perform those functions.

The new government gazette also makes no reference to the office of the
“authorised person," and it can be construed that it has been abolished.

The changed clause reads: "If the regent is for any reason unable to perform
the functions of her office a person shall be appointed in accordance with
Swazi law and custom to perform her function during such inability."

In the 1982 decree the clause reads: "The king, or in the absence of a king,
the Liqoqo may at anytime appoint, in accordance with Swazi law and custom,
a person (hereinafter referred to as the authorised person) to perform on
behalf of the regent and the functions of her office if the regent is for
any reason unable to perform those functions."

And the new definition of Liqoqo is stated as follows: "Liqoqo means a council
whose function is to advise the king and which shall consist of members
appointed by the king to hold office at his pleasure in accordance with such
terms and conditions (including emoluments and allowances) as he may determine."

In the 1982 decree the clause reads: "Liqoqo means the Supreme Council of
State whose function is to advise the king on all matters of state and which
shall consist of members appointed by the king to hold office of his pleasure
and in accordance with such terms and conditions (including emoluments and
allowances) as he may determine."

The government gazette extraordinaty is dated 11 October 1985.

/12232
cso: 3400/223

109



FORCES KILL THREE ARMED REBELS

JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Oct 85 p 16

[Text]

CSO:

3400/208

BULAWAYO. — Three
armed rebels were slain in
a clash with security
forces who later captured
a gunman who had es-
caped into the bush and
tried to blow himself up
with a grenade, police
said yesterday.

The guerrillas — who
called ‘themselves The
Killer, Small Boy Dlamini
and Rastafarian Nkomo
— were shot in a gunfight
with Government forces
on Tuesday in the Lupane
district of northern Mata-
beleland Province, police
said.

He-Man Ndlovu, who
escaped and hid in a near-
by village hut, told Zim-
babwe reporters at the
scene of the clash: “I tried
to kill myself with a gre-
nade to avoid capture.
But the grenade failed to
explode after I pulled the
pin. I then surrendered.”

Senior assistant police
commissioner Mr David
Tonde, in charge of Mata-
beleland North, accompa-
nied journalists to Lu-
pane on Wednesday and
showed them the bullet-
tiddled bodies of the

118

three men killed by secur-
ity forces.

“We understand. that
the dissidents were 10 in
number so follow-up op-
erations are continuing,”
the police chief told re-
porters. He said security
forces had been pursuing
the gang since October
10.

He said the security
forces were hampered be-
cause the guerrillas were
found in a village and the
army had to ensure villag-
ers were not caught in
‘crossfire.

Soldiers and civilians
suffered no casualties.

Dissidents is the official
term for armed rebels al-
legedly loyal to Opposi-
tion leader Mr Joshua
Nkomo. They operate
mainly in. Matabeleland
province in Western Zim-
babwe, Mr Nkomo’s tra-
ditional tribal stronghold.

In separate incidents,
police reported that two
other rebels were cap-
‘tured in the Esigodini and
Gwanda districts of Mata-
beleland on Monday.
They surrendered without
a fight, police said. —
Sapa-AP.

ZIMBABWE



maps showing roads, rail, rivers, schools,
medical. centres and also Growth Centres.
The ESC staff has drawn up plans and
costed the extensions necessary to provide
electricity supply to these centres.

The network is planned to extend
through some centres to others, and inevi-
tably the centres most remote from the
present network will be supplied later than
others. For the 1985/86 Programme the
ESC has asked the Provincial Governors
to nominate ten centres which they would
like to see electrified. The backbone
supply to these centres will be costed and
the list returned with a request for a selec-
tion to be made which would cost the ESC
atotal not in excess of 0,75 MZD for each
province. The choice for at least three pro-
vinces was completed early in 1985.

The Government is attemping to encou-
rage people to resettle in an organised
manner. There is a hierarchy of settle-
ments.

1) Existing cities, e.g. Bulawayo

2) Existing towns, e.g. Plumtree

3) Growth Centres, e.g. Ingwizi

4) District Centres, e.g. Manama

5) Rural Service Centres, e.g. Kezi
6) Business Centres ~ ,
7) Centralised villages

Provincial Governors appear to be inte-
rested in supplies for levels 3, 4 and 5 at
the moment. They do not a uniform ap-
proach to priority for electrification be-
cause it is a new arrangement. In one pro-
vince the central officials ask the District
Administrators to. put forward their re-
commendations. In another, a travelling
commitee, consisting of officials from Mi-
nistries of Lands, Water, Transport, Physi-

cal Planning, the ESC and the province,
visits each district in turn and reports back
to the province. That particular committee
also consults people with knowledge of
cultivable areas and seems to be placing
high priority on points of supply which
would enable crops to be irrigated.

The consultation process is variable ac-
cording to the province and the ESC may
be asked to play a part in it. If a large
number of people from various disciplines
take part, the resulting selection will pro-

123

bably be better. However, the ESC is inte-
rested to see an early choice so that plans
for executing the work can be prepared in
time.

Canvass: Once the Growth Centres have
been selected, the next important step in
the process is a canvass. ESC Commercial
Staff will spend some time with the Dis-
trict Administrators and at the Centres it
terviewing prospective consumers. The po-
sition and magnitude of possible loads will
be identified. This will not be easy for the
people who have no experience of electri-
city. When the canvass is complete a reti-
culation will be designed to meet these and
estimated future loads. The reticulation
will be costed.

Quotations: The cost of the local reticula-
tion will be divided between known and
near future consumers. The quotation sent
to each prospective consumer will consist
of three parts — a connection fee, a mini-
mum monthly account and a security de-
posit. The connection fee is the gross cost
less an allowance based upon typical reve-
nue from that type of consumer. The mi-
nimum monthly account is 242% of the
ESC allowance plus 1 % of the connection
fee. The security deposit is two months es-
timated revenue. Consumers who send in
signed agreements with cheques will be
connected. Those who wait until a later
date will be charged the original price quo-
ted.

Monthly accounts: The new consumers
will be connected through devices similar
to those used for existing consumers —
that is a mixture of credit meter and load
limiters. The latter are miniature circuit
breakers rated at either 1, 24% or 7%
amps, which trip after a delay if the rating
is exceeded. Accounts are rendered and
collected monthly.

Construction methods: The ESC network
is mainly overhead. Underground cable is
used extensively in the urban networks of
the four municipalities mentioned above.
The ESC use wood poles for lines up to 33
kV except that in some urban areas con-
crete poles are used for LV lines. Steel lat-
tice towers are used to support 132 and
330 kV lines. Nearly all lines are three pha-
se. The largest single phase motor made in
Zimbabwe is 2 hp.



JPRS-SSA-85-110

8 November 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS
ANGOLA
Briefs
Foreign Ministry 1
LIBERIA
SECOM Issues Election Day Guidelines .
(Sam H. Johnson; NEW LIBERIAN, 11 Oct 85) wsccscceeeeeees 2
Army Staff Chief Dubar on Election Day Behavior
(NEW LIBERIAN, 11 Oct 85) seccscessccsecseecescceeeseeees 3
LUP Candidate Kpolleh Promises Labor Law Reform
(NEW LIBERIAN, 11 Oct 85) wcscscceccccccccecceccuccsscees 4
Man Arrested With Counterfeit U.S. Dollars
(NEW LIBERIAN, 1 Oct 85) .seccescceecceecceceeerceeseeees 5
Cooperation With China Detailed .
(G. Kparcon Nardo; NEW LIBERIAN, .1 Oct 85) ..cceceeeseees 7
MADAGASCAR
Briefs
U.S. Food Credit
Trade Balance Better
Ratsiraka Sees Gromyko 10
Libya's Kung Fu Comment 10
MAURITIUS
Briefs
Local Poll Campaign Opens 1L
PRC Protests 11
Debt Write-Off Sought 11



JPRS*SSA+*85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

EXPORT MARKETS--Plastics manufacturers must band together to develop export
markets, says Plastics Federation director Bill Naude. “Apart from a small
number of companies that have been exporting successfully over the years,

the industry has not been very active in the export market. "Obviously, the
weak rand gives added impetus to exporting, but we have still some groundwork
to complete before we can start exporting effectively on a large scale."
Naude says plastics manufacturers in SA are operating at around 70% utilisa-
tion of capacity. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 8 Oct 85 p 3]

WHEAT PURCHASES--South Africa may:have to spend up to R5m next year on
imported wheat to supplement the local drought damaged crop. In Pretoria
yesterday Wheat Board GM Dennis van Aarde said the last official estimate
was made at the end of August--2 029 500 tons. However, since then the Free
State crop--it produces more than half the annual harvest in a normal year--
had suffered heavy damage. In August the Department of Agriculture estimated
the province would produce just over 700 000 tons. Van Aarde estimates it
could now be as much as 200 000 tons less. "The probability is, therefore,
that the total crop will be around 1,85 million tons--about 300 000 tons less
than we need. "Even with a two month carry-over, the board was faced with
the possibility of having to import up to 150 000 tons." It was sad, Van
Aarde said, that, at a time when wheat prices were abnormally lown on world
markets, the value of the rand was still deeply depressed. [Text] [Johannes-
burg BUSINESS DAY in English 8 Oct 85 p 5]

CONTAINER RATES--Exporters to the Far East are about to be hit with an
average 12% increase in container cargo rates. Eight shipping lines--both
Conference and independent-~have agreed to increase eastbound freight rates
on container cargo by $100 a container from January 1. The increase applies
to the twenty-foot equivalent unit (TEU) size. The lines--Safmarine,
Nedlloyd, Gold Star, K Line, Maersk, Mitsui OSK, Nantai and NYK--blame heavy
exports and low imports for the rate increase. In a joint statement yester-
day, they said: "The continuing buoyancy of exports to Japan and the Far East
coupled with depressed import volumes being experienced on the trade, has
forced lines operating the route to reposition containersequipment to cater
for exporters' needs. "This has caused the unprecedented action of both
Conference and independent operators jointly increasing outbound rates in an
effort to recoup some of the substantial cost burden facing the lines." The

102



JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NONPOLITICAL GROUPS LEADERS INTERVIEWED
BM181413 Johannesburg Television Service in English 1800 GMT 17 Oct 85

[Interview with James Baigrie, chairman of "Let South Africa Speak" in Cape
Town; Irma Xenopoulos, deputy cochairman of "Women for Peace"; and Cindy
Leontsinin, chairman of "Victims against Terrorism," in Johannesburg by Donna
Doig on the "Network" program--live, with lead-in video]

[Text] [Begin lead-in video] More and more South Africans are becoming aware
of the real nature of South Africa's problems and are'determined to seek prac-
tical solutions which will help to bridge the gap between the races. Various
peace movements have arisen which believe that the ordinary citizen can play

a role in defusing hostility and ending violence in South Africa. Their mani-
festo is: We want to know each other, to meet each other, to work with each
other, to respect each other, to protect each other. These movements are non-
political, cover a wide spectrum of public opinion, and are rapidly attracting
support. [end video]

[Announcer] We have with us tonight representatives of three South African
peace movements.

[Doig] Joining us from Cape Town, in fact, is the chairman of "Let South
Africa Speak," James Baigrie and in the studio deputy cochairman of "Women

for Peace," Irma Xenopoulos, and chairman of "Victims Against Terrorism," Cindy
Leontsinis. We seem to have found here a manner of white revolution-cum-
evolution among people who are dissatisfied and with what is happening at
government level. Whether we choose to call it nonpolitical or not--the for-
mation of these pressure groups--I would like your opinion on that, Irma.

[Xenopoulos}] I think that one should look at in the vague way that communica-
tion at this time is regarded as very important. People should be seen to be
talking to each other and besides talking there should be listening, and if you
do not talk to people you cannot listen. It is a fact the 50 percent of commu-
nication is listening. So I would be prepared to say that one should talk to
whomever is prepared to talk to you, and one should listen.

[Doig] Or do you, nevertheless, separate this from a political exercise?
[Xenopoulos] Yes. I think that this need not necessarily be political. It

is the sharing of views. You can learn through sharing views. You can find
yourself understanding other people's viewpoints. Furthermore, you could

62



JPRS*SSA*85«110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MILLER INTERVIEWED ON STUDENT PASSPORT ISSUE
MB180905 Johannesburg Television Service in English 1800 GMT 17 Oct 85

[Interview with Deputy Foreign Affairs Minister Ron Miller in Pretoria by
Pat Rogers in Johannesburg on the "Network" program--live]

[Text] [Rogers] The. rumpus caused by the intended visit to the ANC youth
wing in Zambia by eight University to Stellenbosch students has been effec-
tively capped by the withdrawal of their passports. This happened after both
the university's rector, Prof Mike de Vries, and State President P.W. Botha
expressed their disapproval of the: proposed meeting. Joining us now from
Pretoria to discuss thematter is deputy minister of foreign affairs, Mr Ron
Miller. Mr Miller, could I ask you first and just briefly whether you accept
the motivations, the good intentions, of the students, leaving aside from
the moment the arguments. that follow from there?

[Miller] Undoubtedly, they were sincere, but I think misplaced, intentions.

[Rogers] Now, if in fact they see it as a step towards solving differences
by discussion instead of by force, could they not argue that if they are old
enough to carry arms for their country, they are old enough to take that kind
of peace initiative?

[Miller] Yes, I do not think the question revolves about the capability so
much of the students here, as it does the security interests of South Africa.
We are essentially at war with the ANC. They are at war with South Africa,
and we have to defend ourselves. And, as the president has said on many
occasions, negotiation with the ANC will not solve the problem until the ANC
itself decides to abandon violence as a means for bringing about change. That
is really what the problem revolves around here. Not so much what the students
wanted to discuss with ANC, but the fact that it is not in South Africa's
strategic interests to have these negotiations at present.

[Rogers] Mr Miller, is it not a very heavy, authoritarian action to take, to
withdraw or refuse passports to law-abiding citizens of the country?

[Miller] Well, when it comes to the security interests of South Africa, and

in particular the violent actions which the ANC are executing in South Africa,
then I believe one has to act fairly drastically. But I would like to point

48



DEMAND FOR ENGINEERING PRODUCTS NOTED

JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY (Supplement) in English 23 Sep 85 p 12

[Article by Heath Young]

[Text]

cso:

ENGINEERING pro-
ducts, especially those _
destined for the mining
sector, are in high de-
mand overseas, accord-
ing to John Bell, head of
export consultancy ,
Breyer Development Ser-
vices. Bell spends much
of his time travelling
abroad setting up trade
deals.

“Products which have
been developed here for
local conditions, and
especially those which
require little mainten-
sance, are accepted in de-
veloping countries: and
others like Australia and
Canada,” he said. i

“Demand is rapidly in-
creasing in certain areas,
_ Such as the Association of :
South-East Asian Nations !
* (ASEAN) countries, of:
Singapore, Malaysia,
‘Thailand, Indonesia, Phil-

lipines and Brunei. These
countries have high, pro-
ject-related growth.”

South America is an-
other area of rising de-
mand though some coun-
tries — notably Bolivia
and Peru — are virtually
bankrupt despite having |
high potential, and ar-|
| ranging payment is diffi- |

3400/206

F cult. Chile is a particular-
» ly promising market
| because of its high level
* of spending on mining de-
velopment, and it is set to
replace Brazil as SA’s
major trading partner in
Latin America by end-85,
he said.
entina, which has
excellent long-term min-
ing prospects, is already
a profitable market for a
number. of local export-
ers.

Electrical goods find a
ready market in many
«parts of the world, Not
only are they technically
compatible with Asian
trading partners, for in-
stance, it the price is

‘The potential here runs
the gamut of generation,
transmission and reticu-
‘lation equipment throu
to high quality d ic
appliances — SA cannot
compete in the low end of

the market with Taiwan,
and should not try, said
Bell.

SA is also exporting
white foods, which are
competitive in many
markets with those of
traditional suppliers such
as Italy.

Other products which

97

.the more rug;

have important export
Ende mh Bell, in-
clude ly sophisticat-
ed engineering products,

parts and accesso-
ries, semi-converted
steel products such as
wire, and consumer pro
ducts such as clothing
and footware.

Europe: and the US,
while being major im-
porters of SA primat
products, are not sucl
good markets for engi-
neering products, he said.

“The developed econo-
mies tend to make use of
highly specialised equip-
ment requiring regular
maintenance, rather than

eged equi
ment SA has develo
pelt is enthusiastic
al ex pros;
but said amore wotes:
sional approacl ex-
porting is needed.

“South African export-
ers need to improve their
own image. Many are

prepared to export when

‘the local market is in a

slump, but when it picks
up again qu

with little or A farming
This has given SA export.
ers a bad name over-
seas,” he said.



March 1943, he was to
be found guilty.

It would be interest-
ing, however, to note
what Leibrandt said in
addressing the court.

“The present demo-
cratic government has
decided that it is
treacherous for an Af-:
rikaner to love his na-°
tion and volk in action.

“In whichever light
democracy is pre-
sented in this country
to the Afrikaner, it re-
mains the younger
brother of the pestilen-
tial communism with
the eternal Jew as fa-
ther of both.

He adds: “Afrikaner
volk! I’m not here as a
characterless paid
agent of Germany, but
as a deeply afflicted
Afrikaner and proud,
yes, fanatical soldier of
thé idea of Adolf Hit-
ler. Beside the Afri-
kaner bloodinmy
veins, my past in my
proudest possession, a
past of true love for
volk and fatherland,

stamped with national °

Socialism for ever.”
Later on in his ad-

dress, he states: “Afri-

kaner volk! Our salva-

cso: 3400/211

tion does not lie in |
meaningless casting of
votes but in action and
sacrifices for our na-*
tion.

“This is borne out by
the carrier of the idea
planted by him whom
the Almighty sent here
to save the nations of
this earth from a mo-
rass of supression and
suffering — Adolf Hit-
ler.”

And finally: “In that
spirit, I exclaim: To
hell with mercy! I de-
mand that justice be
done! ,Long live the
Afrikaner volk! Long
Live National Socialist
South Africa! God be
with my comrades! Die
Vierkleur hoog!”

Leibrandt was sen-
tenced to death. He
appealed, but his ap-'
peal failed. Then the
Smuts government de-
cided to commute his
sentence to life impris-
onment.

But no sooner had
the Smuts government
fallen in 1948, and Lei-
brandt was released —
by Dr Malan’s Nation-
alist Government. Pro-
test meetings were
held throughout the
country, but the Nats
stood firm.

22

“And now let us
translate this exact sit-!
, uation to apply to Nel-
| son Mandela and others
| political prisoners.
| Why does the Gov-
ernment now suddenly”
| believe ‘that a person’
who has been sent to
i jail by a court of law
cannot be freed? Did
Leibrandt make a dec-
laration against vio-
lence before he was re-
leased? -

I hope that from
now, the Government
will stop justifying the
continued detention of
Mandela and others.

We do not need this
type of approach to the
problems in this coun-
try.

We need to talk, and
talk soon. With every-
body. And the ball is
in the Government’s
court.

Any other ap-
proaches — as in the
rounds of “change” an-
nouncements made by
the State President —-
will not achieve any-
thing.

Peace is not some-
thing that one buys off
the shelf. It is the re-
sult of hard bargain-

ing.



[Robinson] Is that outside the homeland system, outside of the leaders who
are identified only with the homelands? :

{Heunis] Let us begin again at the beginning. The fact is, and you are aware
of it, that the president is negotiating with various church leaders, that there
are visible negotiations taking place openly, and surely every one was aware of
them. Let me just say again that discussions are being conducted with a broad
spectrum of leaders. Negotiations and discussions are taking place with aca-
demics on an on-going basis. Discussions are being conducted. with symbolic
leaders also on an on-going basis.

[le Roux] What is a symbolic leader?

[Heunis] They are people who were not elected but who are accepted by commu-
nities as leaders. . ~

[le Roux] . Such as Boesak, such as Tutu, such as Motlana?

[Heunis] Well, they can be such leaders, yes. And they can take part in talks
if they distance themselves from violence. Yes.

[Kleynhans] Sir, can you tell us how far has your enlarged cabinet committee
progressed with its negotiations?

[Heunis] Let me say this: The enlarged cabinet committee is nothing more than
a central forum. Those negotiations have progressed to the stage where we have
reached agreement with the leaders of two of ‘the other political parties on
basic procedure and methods. In addition, one of the leaders has also come to
present his positions to us in the cabinet committee.

[Robinson] Sir, you say that the discussions are continuing, even with home~
land leaders, and yet only last night Chief Minister Mabuza Kangwane said he
is not prepared to talk until apartheid is done away with. How are we to
understand that?

{Heunis] I think you should ask Chief Minister Mabuza that.

[le Roux] But can you say with confidence that constitutional discussions are
in progress with the homeland leaders on the fundamental question of constitu-
tional development?

[Heunis] The answer to that is definitely yes.

[Robinson] Can we take you back to another statement you made earlier, namely
the systems which have to be developed in the future. Do we mean by these,
systems other than the present homelands governments? In other words, a system
for whites, icoloreds, blacks, in a single South Africa?

[Heunis] No, by these systems we do not mean simply what you are formulating.
The fact is that all the leaders of the self-governing states with whom we are
negotiating maintain that the existence of self-governing states is a nonnego-
tiating item in the discussions. In other words, it is accepted even by those

18



CHARCOAL PLANT AT MOUNT COKE

East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 20 Sep 85 p 5

[Text]

cso:

3400/188

BISHO -—- A charcoal
manufacturing plant was
being established at
Needs Camp near Mount
Coke, Mr J. P. Maritz, one
of the directors of Car-
bon Enterprises, con-
firmed yesterday.

He said he hoped that
production would begin
at the beginning of next
month.

At present the firm
was busy setting up the
plant.

He said charcoal
manufactured at the
plant was for export pur-
poses.

Labour employed
came from the immedi-
ate vicinity. At present
30 people were em-
ployed but would be in-

101

creased as s00n as pro-
duction began.

Mr Maritz said he was
convinced that he and
his two co-directors, Mr
Karl Klopfer and Mr C.
Saunders, ad
embarked on_a viable
proposition. They had
studied the market and
the product with the
CSIR for two years.

Timber would be
obtained from the farm
on which the plant
would be established,
the East London state
coast forest as well as
from the Kidd’s Beach
area.

He said he believed it
would be the first plant
of its kind in the Border
region.

IJPRS*SSA+85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



And never before has an academic institution
attempted a systematic’ and scientific study of
former detainees as the University of Cape Town
has done,

The evidence of each of these sources
corroborates the evidence in the other sources.
For example, the Cape Town study, the DPSC
report and the UCT press study all report the same
forms of torture and list them in the same order of
frequency.

Roughly speaking, they list the most common
allegatioris of abuse as (in order of frequency):

@Beating and general physical abuse.(75 percent
of respondents in the UCT study) .

@Forced standing and enforced exercise (50
percent)

Electric shocks to various parts of the body.
(25 percent)

@Food and sleep derivation.

d nakedness.

eenekine (with handcuffs, chains or leg-
irons) (15 percent)

A Se of genital assaults and long
periods of interrogation (three percent)

@ Psychological forms of torture, such as
threats, questioning at gunpoint, etc.

@Humiliations, such as the use of derogatory
language and the withholding of toilet facilities.

@Solitary confinement.

@Suspension (the "helicopter")

‘The DPSC report said allegations came from all
parts of the country. The UCT study said there
was a higher incidence in the Eastern Cape and
Border areas. ;

The DPSC report said that of 70 cases they,
analysed, 20 involved sleep deprivation, some for
periods of many days and nights. A further eight,
involved deprivation of toilet facilities, sometimes

leading to involuntary urination’ and the
humiliation of cleaning the interrogation room
afterwards. :

Twenty-eight cases involved enforced standing
and arduous physical exercises for long periods,
sometimes days and nights. The exercises included
holding heavy objects above the head, standing
barefoot on bricks, press-ups, running on the spot.

There were allegations of being exposed to cold
through enfored nakedness for long periods in 25
cases, sometimes worsened by being doused by
water or being made to stand in front of a fan or
an open window. :

Eleven cases involved what must be one of the
most horrifying forms of torture: what is known
as the "helicopter".

The DPSC report described it thus: "The
detainee is handcuffed at the wrists and the ankles,
and while in a crouching position, a pole is
inserted through legs and arms. He is then
suspended on the pole between a table and a chair,
sometimes for hours on end, while being subjected
to a barrage of questions and sometimes blows.

|
1

"Other cases include suspension by the arms
while handcuffed ... causing acute and
excruciating pain." © ~

In 54 of the cases, detainees alleged they had
been punched, slapped, kicked, beaten with sticks,
batons, hosepipes, gun butts and other objects; toes
had allegedly been crushed with chairs or bricks;
detainees had allegedly been dragged by the hair
or had their head banged on the wall or the table.

Suffocation was reported in 25 cases, mostly by
being hooded with a bag made of canvas or plastic
or with a wet towel. {

Electric shocks were alleged in 22 instances, :
invariably while the detainee was hooded. Another
14 cases involved genital assaults.

; The pattern of allegations in the PE court case
and the UCT study were broadly the same. .

In December 1982, the Minister of Law and

| Order published a code to govern the treatment of
. Section 29 detainees.

He said: "A detainee shall at all times be treated

rin a humane manner with proper.regard to the

tules of decency and shall not in any way be
‘assaulted or otherwise ill-treated or subjected to
any form of torture or inhuman or degrading
treatment".

Since then, there have been at least six deaths in
detention and torture allegations have continued
unabated. Now the allegations have reached new
heights: the cry from ex-detainees has become a
chorus,

The UCT report concluded that there was clear
and definitive evidence that physical torture was
widespread and was a systematic and common
experience for detainees.

District Surgeon Orr's evidence in the Supreme
Court last week, supported by 42 other affidavits,
described an extensive daily pattern of police
abuse of scores of detainees,

She said she had examined an average of about
20 newly-admitted detainees daily since the
begining of August and on August 16 had ‘seen
about 170 detainees,

“An extremely large proportion of them

complained that they had been assaulted by the
police," she said.
‘ The Minister of Law and Order, Louis le
Grange, told the Cape Congress of the National
Party this week that neither he nor the
Commissioner of Police, General Johan Coetzee,
would tolerate or condone illegal actions by any
policeman.

The police had a proud record which could not
be allowed to be damaged, and for this reason, all
cases of misconduct should be publicly
investigated,

However, there are few people outside of the
National Party who would accept this as sufficient
reassurance,

Helen Suzman, PFP spokesperson on justice,
said this week that recent events called for a major
inquiry by someone outside the interrogation
system,

30



JPRS*SSA*85~110
8 November 1985

ZIMBABWE

U.S. SEEN AS COMMITTING TERRORISM IN ''HIJACKING' PLANE
MB181501 Harare THE HERALD in English 14 Oct 85
[Editorial: "Highjacked Highjack"]

[Text] Like its protege, the Zionist state, the Reagan administration is
apparently not keen on finding a peaceful solution to the Middle East problems.

One would have thought the fact that the Palestine Liberation Organisation had
intervened to ensure a peaceful ending to the hijacking of the Italian cruise
liner would have been enough to introduce an agreeable element leading to the
de-escalation of the destabilising violence in the region.

But by itself hijacking the Egyptian plane carrying the hijackers of the
Italian cruise liner, the United States has committed an act of the very
terrorism that it has always denounced.

Two wrongs do not make a right. If the United States enters the hijacking
business the only result is that such acts will escalate and the United States
will end up the loser,

We say this because there are others involved in this game, particularly in
the Middle East, who think they are answerable to no one but their gods.

These fanatics have nothing to lose and to them the U.S. military or nuclear
might are paper tigers.

The suicidal bombing which led to the death of hundred of U.S. Marines, French
and Israelis in Lebanon and elsewhere in the Middle East is a case in point.

Following those events the U.S. Government had to pull out its soldiers from
the area, to save innocent lives.

That was a wise move. Yet last week the United States decided to set aside
that wisdom and we wonder why.

It would have been absolutely naive to believe that the attempt to kill the
entire leadership of the PLO in Tunisia would have gone without repercussions.

111



It concluded that the legitimacy of the present constitution and the political
system underpinning it was questioned ‘and opposed to such a degree by the
majority of the general population that there was no possibility, in the long
term, of sound intergroup relations unless the complete system was reconsidered
and reformed at as fast a tempo as possible.

Whites would have to accept the necessity of eventually equal political partici-
pation by all other population groups.

It was necessary--if a consocational democracy was to be established in South
Africa--for the present system of racial classification to be "fundamentally re-
viewed and adapted."

Instead of a system where appearance and origin were the determining factor, the
committee proposed a system where the emphasis would be on freedom of associa-
tion and acceptance.

In a separate comment, Professor’ Weichers said that while he agreed with many
of ‘the committee's views and findings, he disagreed with, particularly, the
core ideas contained in the recommendations.

He referred to the “change of thinking" by the government, as evidenced so far
by the extension of voting rights and political participation to "people of
colour," and the recognition of the constitutional needs of blacks who lived
permanently outside the independent and self-governing national states.

These were all positive steps on the road to "positive ethnicity" or a neutral
handling of the phenomena of group differentiation.

Professor Weichers was of the opinion the retention of Population Registration
Act--in spite of his agreement with criticism of it--was, for the present, un-
voidable. .

The current perception of "numerous" South Africans of ethnicity was a negative
one and if the act were to be scrapped before the majority approached and ex-
perienced ethnicity positively, a large scale "ganging up" would take place
against particularly the whites.

The situation would become politically untenable and unacceptable, and order and :
stability would be threatened.

He was sceptical of the proposed consociational model; saying there were no
existing models that could be applied to the South African situation, and that
the issue was in fact the creation of a unique structure to comply equally
with the reasonable demand from both whites for security and "black expecta~
tions."

Professor Weichers said he doubted if the committees report made a realistic
contribution to solving the problem of group relations in South Africa.

In his opinion there was too much theorising and too little "political engineer-
ing," which ran the risk of increasing confusion together with increased ten-
sion among the various groups.

/12232 34



[Marshall] Do you think that these changes have had anything to do with the
recent return to Swaziland of the crown prince, Makhosetive?

[Dlamini] Well, in the first place, until Crown Prince Makhosetive has been
made king, he is not quoted directly. My information is that he wishes to see
Queen Regent Dzeliwe reinstated because in fact that is tradition and these
people had violated tradition, and he was surprised himself to hear that the
queen regent had been fired. It has never been done in Swaziland before,
simply because she wanted to expel Prince Mfanasibili and George Msibi from
the Liqoqo. Prince Makhosetive was himself not impressed and he would like to
see Queen Regent Dzeliwe reinstated according to tradition because so long as
that has not been done, his own kingship is meaningless because it will be
standing on ashes, really, which have been created by the gang of four.

/12232
CSO: 3400/224

108



JPRS *SSA~854110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

TECHNIKON STATEMENT CALL FOR INQUIRY INTO POLICE ACTION

Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 27 Sep 85 p 17

[Text]

THE academic community of

the Peninsula Technikon:
met in congregation today in {
‘the hall of the Bellville

Training College.

Dr Franklin Sonn, rector :

of the Technikon, has issued
@ statement explaining that.
“a series of most concern-
ing events have compelled
the Technikon to take the
unprecedented step of call-

ing the academic community ;

together in this manner”. *
The statement calls for an
inquiry, independent of the

State, into allegations of un- °

lawful action by the.security

forces, a

The statement reads:

IN recent weeks we have ob-
served, and at times been part

of, turbulent events in our city. :

The polarisation which we
know exists in our society has
been reflected, overtly and po-

litically, in a range of public ‘

actions by sections of the com- '
munity, some non-violent, oth-*
ers not so. .

Our Technikon could not fail
|to be affected by these.events.
| __An institution such as ours,
, which stands in the communi-
‘ty, must of necessity be

touched by issues which im-
* pinge deeply upon its members
as citizens.

Over the last two months we
have suffered the trauma of
seeing the conflict which had
previously affected other parts
of our country spread to our
own city and our own institu-
' tion, finally leading to the tem-
porary disruption of our aca-
demic programme.

When we view the response
of our students to the issues
around them, our attitude is
one of deep identification and
understanding.

As educationists, we are
aware of the effect which the
apartheid system has had on
education in South Africa. This
iniquitous system, in its totality
and in its specific form of edu- ,
jeational discrimination, has |
been felt particularly heavily ;
by our young people.

The pressures which. apart-
heid has brought to bear on
them have, in a very real
sense, deprived them of their
‘youth,

They have assumed responsi-'
bilities which we, with our ex-'

rience, should have wished to:
Pear on their behalf, but from
which we have been unable to
shield them. :

‘This inability on our part to

i

ease the burden on our stu-_
dents, this impotence in the
face of social forces we have
been unable to control, is part
of our experience as education-
ists in the cruel environment of
apartheid.

72

Affidavits

In recent weeks, a deep rift.

ihas developed between our
community on the one hand
‘and the security forces; and the
South African Police in parti-
“cular,-on the other.

Peaceful expressions of opin-
ion have often been views by
the authorities as posing a se-

} vere threat to public order and
| therefore, in ieir_opinion, re-
| quiring the intervention. of both
‘the police and military
branches of Government.

Furthermore, many ordinary
citizens have made statements
fad affidavits to the effect that
i the security forces, in form-
Sing their duties, have Erceeded
.the bounds of legality and
have, on occasion, behaved
with callous disregard for the
rights of individuals.

Responsible and representa-
tive bodies have expressed ser-
ious disquiet over’ both these
allegations and the alarming
number of deaths that have re-
sulted from clashes between
the security forces and private
individuals, :

Casspirs

», At the very least, an inquiry,
independent ‘of the State, must
be instituted as a matter of ur-
gency into allegations of un-
lawful action by the security
forces.



pressures that we are trying to build up internationally in support of the
cause of our struggle. We believe that this meeting will be widely publi-
cized as one that was called especially to give support. And that is a mes-
sage to the rest of the world to rally with [word indistinct].

"We have been some time now demanding sanctions through the United Nations and
persuading individual countries to cut off their links with the South Africa
regime. We have not won that battle yet. It is time for us to redouble our
efforts and fight for this form of pressure because it could have very decisive
effects on the apartheid system when its complements, as we expect it to com-
plement very effectively, our own struggle. So, we attach a lot of significance
and a lot of importance to this meeting and what may come out of it.

"There is a greater readiness internationally to apply pressures than has been
the case for some time. And we want to push the international community to mov-
ing ahead and tightening the pressure."

Comrade Tambo was then asked by another [word indistinct] what is his response
to the allegations made by the western countries and by the apartheid regime
that the imposition of economic sanctions against the satanic Pretoria regime
on the Africans of the country and southern Africa, and black people in
Africa [words indistinct].

"This is a well-known [word indistinct] a worn-out excuse for refusing to put
pressure on the apartheid system so that it can be destroyed. This argument
came in the first instance not from the oppressed, because it was the oppressed
who called for sanctions. We called for sanctions. We knew our positions, we
knew what it meant for us and we deliberately opted for sanctions quite openly.
And those who are resisting this action out of self-interest then came out with
a cheap--and it is very cheap--argument that you know. But this is going to
hurt the very epople we want to help. I think that some of the slave owners
advanced the same argument about the emancipation of slaves. They said you
want to free the slaves but what will happen to them? They will die without
us. We are helping them. We are feeding them. You are now--what--asking to
throw them out? Its the same agrument.

"And the fact of the matter is that it is the multinationals who are quick to
advance it, because it is the multinationals [word indistinct] who would lose
their profits when once sanctions begin to bite. Beyond that the multinationals
are [word indistinct] in any way to help the system which yeilds them such
profits. They prefer the apartheid system because the profit margin in apar-
theid South Africa is [words indistinct].

"Let no one express pity for us. We are involved in a life-and-death struggle.
We do not suffer as a result of that life and death struggle [words indistinct]
no question of suffering in struggle. We are sacrificing constantly. And it is
our lives that we are sacrificing, that we are ready to sacrifice. Sanctions
will not kill us. Even sacrifice as the result of sanctions does not involve
death which we [words indistinct] from the apartheid system. So, sanctions will
not kill us. Sanctions will help us to kill the system that kills us. It will
help us to destroy the crime of apartheid, which is a killer.

24



ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY'S EXPORT POTENTIAL DISCUSSED

JPRS*SSA*85~110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY (Supplement) in English 23 Sep 85 p 5

[Text]

THE present economic
situation sharpens the

SOUTH Africa's electronics industry Is growing
rapidly, but what will It take to develop its
export potential? Business Day discussed this
subject with STC's Kelth Crosby, executive di-

rector and GM of the telecommunications divi-
sion, and Mati Avivi, market development
executive. The following is a precis of their

views:

focus on SA’s ability to '

export, particularly in
the high-tech field: Une
like previous situations,
when exporting could
have been regarded as a

luxury, now it is a neces- :

sity.

‘aditionally, SA in-
dustries — including high
technology — have relied
more on the licensing of
foreign technologies and
products for the local
market. Although this has
contributed significantly
to the economy and was
supported by government
in terms of supplying
strategic markets such as
Armscor and the Post
Office, it created limited
export initiatives and
tended to discourage new
ventures, research and
development for export
purposes. :

CSO: 3400/206

Thus, in good times,
adopting foreign techno-
logies contributed to the
wealth and social stabil-
ity of the country, in bad
times it highlights SA’s
advanced industry depen- ,
dence and limitations.
The electronics industry,
for example, is restricted

it comes to com-*

tition in the interna-

tae

ough it is very eas:

to hook onto excutes of
geographical and politi-
cal isolation, the . bare
truth is that excuses do
not build an industry.’
‘There is power in this
country to develop export
markets provided it

strengthens its R&D ca-.

bilities. The first ques- '

ion is export what — not
where. In spite of its geo-

‘aphical_ and political

lation, Israel has found
markets. SA can, too. _

90

Perhaps SA should ad-
Imit that local manufac-
jturing under licence has,

jin terms of export pros-
cts, been restrictive.
ong-term agreements
may have narrowed R&D
initiatives to the immedi-
[ate needs of the country
and now the need is to _
ensure the skills and
facilities for creating ex-
portable technologies are
,made available.

In the high-tech field,
the concept of small en-
trepreneur groups
backed, but not con-
trolled, by large entities ~~
have gained much suc- ;
cess in many countries.

The thousands of engi-
neers and technicians in
the R4bn SA electronics
market can and must be
diverted to smaller-scale,
short-term, fast-re-
sponse, export-orientated
development.



JPRS*SSA*85+110
8 November 1985

LIBERIA

MAN ARRESTED WITH COUNTERFEIT U.S. DOLLARS
Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 1 Oct 85 pp 1, 6

{Text]. A Sierra Leonean, identified as David Monwu, has been arrested by the
Joint-Security forces in Monrovia for allegely being in possession of $150,000
worth of "black paper" money believed to be U.S. counterfeit notes.

Disclosing this at the press briefing yesterday, the chairman of the Joint-
Security Commission, Col. Edward P. Massquoi, said the man was arrested at
the Star Hotel on Benson Street yesterday following a tip-off by an unidenti-
fied policeman.

Monwu, who was also at the press briefing told newsmen that the counterfeit
notes were given to him by a white man he simply identified as "Johnny" in
the Senegalese capital, Dakar.

He further explained that he and Johnny travelled to a diamond mining town in
the Republic of Guinea where he said his brother gave the whiteman $36,000
for the consignment of counterfeit notes which, according to the whiteman,
amounted to five million dollars.

Monwu said he came to Monrovia last week to buy chemicals to print the "black
notes.

The box containing the counterfeit notes had inscribed on it "$150,000 U.S.
federal reserves notes."

The box also contained an instrument believed to be a tester and a little
white bottle containing some liquid believed by security officers to be the
printing chemical.

Col. Massaquoi has appealed to the public to be cautious of certain criminals
whose motive he said was to dupe them of their fortune by playing the "black
money" tricks with them.

He said no country in the world would allow its currency to be used dubiously,
and noted that such acts on the part of "these unscrupulous persons was
seriously affecting Liberia's economy.



Such an inquiry is necessary
if people are not to be left with
the impression that our society
offers them no independent av-

enue of redress should they fall :
victim to wrongful action by |

name of the

Our concern with these
broad questions arises precise-
ly because of our specific expe-
riences in recent times.

On one occasion last month,
police in Casspirs invaded our
campus and forcibly entered
our hostel in order to arrest
students.

At that time, our classes
were in normal progress. The
presence of the Casspirs and
the brute strength of the police
in breaking down the hostel
doors and removing our stu-
dents did not only disrupt our
academic programme, but
brought home most bitterly our

the State, or perpetrated in the
ie,

feeling of impotence to protect
our students. |

Our feeling that our academ-|
ic community had been violat-!
ed by this action, we realised,
mirrored the sense of humilia-
tion and outrage experienced
by so many ordinary South Af-
ricans around us.

It furthermore placed im-
mense pressures on our stu-
dents, resulting in grave diffi-
culties to pursue the primary
objectives of the Technikon, |
viz, academic work. In spite of
that most of our students have
-persisted with their academic
programme by attending lec-
tures.

Our experiences do not end
there. The immediate cause of
our gathering today is that on
Tuesday, September 17, three
of our students were arrested
by the South African Police for
no lawful reason known to us
and were then reportedly sub-

jected to brutal and degrading
treatment before being re-
leased without charge.

cso: 3400/189

According to the affidavits of
the students, the policemen in-
volved physically assaulted our
students and subjected them to
threats, outrageous obscenities
and most abusive language.

‘On us all’ |

The students are all being.
represented by attorneys who
.are attending to their clients’
individual interests.

We as an institution, how-
-ever, wish to respond to this in-|
-cident. We need to respond be-'
cause an attack on any one
member of our academic com-
munity is an attack on us all.

Students are in our care and
our capability of protecting
‘them is limited by the peculiar.
circumstances operative in this
:particular society. We will not
“abrogate our duty and respon-
sibility to make.them and their
parents know that we will do,
our bet to excercise this func-
tion even if‘it is merely to pro-,
test.-

As an academic community |
we insist that our members, at
‘all times, observe the highest
standards of behaviour. No less
‘do we insist that those stan-
‘dards be reciprocated when we
deal with those outside. our
community.

: When, instead
| of reciprocation,
| we meet abuse

and brutality, we
: interpret these as
| an assault on our

dignity and integ-

rity as a body of
| scholars.

‘We do so in the

firm belief that

the values of

learning and ma-

ture academic

discussion, which

‘we seek to up-
hold, contribute
more to the main-
,tenance of the es-
sential fabric of

73

our society than
the violence and
intimidation by
certain members
of the South Afri-
can Police.

The Peninsula
Technikon contin-
ues to believe
jthat educational
opportunity is a

ital_non-negotia-
ble commodity,
but that it is im-
perative that the
education we of-
fer must be of
particular rele-
vance to the
needs of our stu-
dents in the so-
ciety in which
they live.

@ We believe in
ifreedom of
expression,

@ We believe
that with freedom

goes
‘responsibility.

| @ We believe in

the dignity of the

individual and in

ithe protection of

his dignity and.

rights.

; . @ We believe in

‘the protection of

jthe unfettered

pursuit of knowl-

edge and truth. _ -
@ We believe that reason and faith must at

ion.

_ all times supercede force and coerci

Insofar therefore as the callous actions of
the South African Police have deeply of-
fended these tenets of our proud institution,
their actions stand condemned on this wor-
thy occasion, Which provides us with the op-
portunity to solemnly rededicate ourselves
to these high values and to pledge ourselves
anew to uphold them in the firm belief that
we ourselves are the custodians. No one will-
protect them on our behalf.

We are deeply conscious of this responsi-
bility and will rise to defend our honour and
integrity at all times.



JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MAGOPA TRIBE ASKS GERRIT FOR OLD LAND

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 4-10 Oct 85 p 5

[Text]

THE Bakwena Ba Magopa tribe, who
recently won an historic court ruling
declaring their forced removal
unlawful, have begun proceedings to
claim back their land.

This week, lawyers for the tribe
wrote to the Minister of Cooperation
and Development, Gerrit Viljoen,
asking that their expropriated land be
returned.

In the letter they reserved the right
to bring any legal action, including an
action for damages for their forced
removal and the expropriation of
their land.

The Mogopa tribe were forcibly
removed from théir Western
Transvaal farm in February last year,
amidst an international outcry.

Shortly after being dumped in
Pachsdraai, they instituted an appeal

cso: 3400/210

to the Courts to rule that their removal
was unlawful,

About two weeks ago, the Appellate
Division of the Supreme Court upheld
their appeal, ruling that the
government had in fact acted
unlawfully.

In the interim, their land was
expropriated by the state and they
were not notified at all, nor were they
offered compensation.

This week, they informed: Viljoen
that they wished to retum’ to their
land.

They asked Viljoen to respond to
this proposal,or to make
arrangements to discuss the position
with them.

They added, however, that they ©
would not accept the status quo, nor
would they accept the government's
proposal that they live in Pachsdraai.

79



JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

ANGOLA

BRIEFS

FOREIGN MINISTRY--External Relations Minister Afonso van Dunem Mbinda yesterday
signed and issued dispatches appointing Brito’ Souzinho to the post of director
for Africa and Middle East division; Ana Maria Teles Carreira as director of
judicial and consular affairs; Alfredo Neto as director for Western Europe

and North America division, Albino Liberato as director of budget administra-
tion and management, Filipe Martins as head of Economic Affairs Department;
Agostinho Oliveira as head of the Department of Accountancy and Treasury; and
Joao Neto as head of the Department of General Administration. [Summary]
[Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1200 GMT 19 Oct 85 MB]

/12232
cso: 3400/224



JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

SWAZILAND

BBC INTERVIEWS SWAZI OPPOSITION GROUP LEADER
MB111816 London BBC World Service in English 1709 GMT 11 Oct 85
[From the "Focus on Africa" program]

[Text]. There is continuing political uncertainty in Swaziland that has been
suffering upheaval since the death of King Sobhuza in 1982. Last week, two
members of what the opposition has’described as a gang of four were sacked
from the Supreme Council of State, the Liqoqo. They were Prince Mfanasibili
and George Msibi. The gang of four has been accused of corruption and of
usurping power, tradition, and the constitution by replacing Queen Regent
Dzeliwe with Queen Regent Ntombi. Well, last year in London, self-exiled
Prince Dumisa Dlamini founded the Swaziland Liberation Movement. One of his
aims was to get rid of the gang of four. Julian Marshall asked Prince Dumisa
if he would not disband the movement following last week's sackings.

[Begin recording] [Dlamini] No, we wouldn't say that. What we would say is
that part of our goals have been achieved but, of course, there are still a
lot of things to be done, for instance, the release of political prisoners has
not been achieved. We don't understand why these people continue to be de-
tained without trial. ‘The achievement of Swazi democracy, one man, one vote
for the people, has not been achieved and so we wouldn't say, really, that we
will disband the organization instantly.

(Marshall] Now, the two'other members of what you describe as the gang of four:
Mr Robert Mabila and Mr Patel, they haven't been mentioned recently. What is
your information as to what has happened to them?

[Dlamini]. My information is that Mr Mabila actually was ready, wanting to
resign. I am sure he will automatically go with the firing of these two. Mr
Patel is behind bars. He has been arrested for attempting to subvert the in-
stitutions of the country, and he has been given an option to choose a country
where he wishes to be deported.

[Marshall] Now, given that these four men were so powerful in your estimation
and were running Swaziland, who then has engineered their departure from the
political scene? How has it come about?

[Dlamini] The good counsel from the royal family, a broad spectrum of the royal

family, prevailed over Queen Regent Ntombi to suggest that so long as these peo-
ple are in the Liqoqo, the country.is not going to be alright.

107



SABMAWU DELEGATE SPEAKS ON DEGRADATION OF BLACK WORKERS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 3 Oct 85 p 7

{Article by Ali Mphaki]

[Text]

THE black workers in South Africa neither owns nor has any.
control over the goods he produces, and like his products the

worker is reduced to the level of a commodity.

This was said by a
delegate of the South
African Black Mu-
nicipal Allied Work-
ers’ Union (Sab-
mawu) at the 25th
world congress of the:
Post Telecommunica-
tion Telegraph Inter- |

in Switzerland re-
cently. .

The delegate said the
black worker has a feel-
ing of misery rather than
of well being, and does
not develop freely his
mental and physical
energies but it physically
exhausted and mentally
debased.” .

Sabmawu was the
only South African
trade union represented
at the congress.

The PTTI is an inter-
national trade union
which has affiliates
throughout the world.
Sabmawu is also an.af-
filiate.

cso: 3400/212

national (PTTI) held |

~The delegate went on
to say that a low mone-
tary value is placed on
the worker’s head, and
the cost of his labour as-
sessed in the same way
‘or even less than the
cost of machinery or ra
material. .

Slavery

“Our type of wage la-
bour is -a system of
slavery, involving the

‘ exploitation of black
+ workers.”

* The delegate told the
congress that though it
was good to hear other
unionists from other
countries talking about
basic union rights. and
automatically thinking
that the employer will
have to toe the line.

“It was saddening in

“South Africa that before
“we can think of that
‘stage where we can ne-
. gotiate for trade union
rights, we first have to
struggle to organise our
own brothers and sis-
ters, who would rather
suffer silently than join
trade unions — for fear
of being harassed and
arrested.”

"Ideology —

The delegate said that
for a long time ago State
had transmitted ruling
class ideology, thereby
creating “falsé con-
sciousness,” which
largely maintained the
subject class in its subor-
dinate position.

“This not only justi-.”
fied and legitimated rul-

77

JPRS*SSA«85«110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ing class ideology, but
also reproduced the atti-
,tudes and behaviour re-
quired by the minority
groups in the division of
labour.

“It taught workers to
saccept and to submit to
their exploitation, and
‘the agents of exploita-
tion ahd repression —
the managers and ad-
ministrators — how to
| practice their crafts and
tule the workforce,” the
delegate said.

1 The PTTT executive
!committee also pro-
“posed draft: ses

ing also those in the
country who
apainst apart
the martyrs, victims and
heroes of the “struggle”.



JPRS*SSA*85+110
8 November 1985

last general rate increase was in January. Although the latest increase
applies to eastbound cargoes only, the shipping lines are also examining
rate increases for westbound cargoes to SA. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS
DAY in English 4 Oct 85 p 3]

BARCLAYS' GLOOMY FORECAST--South Africa's current economic recession will

not reach its trough until at least the last quarter of this year, Barclays
National Bank Ltd said. It said in its monthly report that long awaited
xelief from recessionary conditions had failed to materialise, and the exchange
rate crisis had depressed sentiment still further. "This lack of both foreign
and domestic confidence will impact severely on the South African economy in
the year ahead. In addition, an equally severe adverse real income is likely
to result in only moderate growth next year," it said. Barclays National
Bank said it anticipated a gross domestic product (GDP) growth in 1986 of

3,2 percent, against an estimated 2,0 percent fall this year and 4,7 percent
growth in 1984. But the report said the decline in interest rates which had
been allowed to continue despite the drastic fall in the exchange rate is
expected to continue well into, if not throughout, 1986.--Reuter [Text]
{Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Oct 85 p 18]

CRUISE CANCELLED--Continuing economic and political uncertainty has resulted
in the cancellation of the "Constellation's" South African cruise programme
1985/86 by its owners, "K" Lines--Hellenic Greece. This cancellation has
been confirmed by "K" Lines' South African general sales agents, Cruise
Lines. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 16 Oct 85 p 25]

USCO CASTS TURBINE CASING--The Usco foundry has recently cast two halves of

a high-technology electricity-generating turbine casing. The casing, which
is an intermediate pressure outer casing, is for one of six 672-MW generators
which are being built at the new Kendal Power Station in the Eastern Transvaal.
The top and bottom halves, with a net cast mass of 34 t and 35 t respectively,
are part of the foundry's program for the production of heavier and more
sophisticated castings. The order was placed on Usco by Kraftwerk Union
Aktiengesellschaft (KWU) of Mulheim, West Germany which is a subsidiary

of Siemens. Kraftwerk Union has built fossil-fueléd and nuclear-powered
generators in many countries around the world. While Kraftwerk Union is

not a newcomer to the power generation field in South Africa, the Usco foundry
is the first to be chosen for its first locally-produced turbine casing.
[Text] [Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 26 Sep 85 p 12]

CORE SAMPLES RETRIEVED--A winch capable of retrieving core samples in ultra-
deep-level exploratory drilling operations has been designed and manufactured
by a local company. It is claimed to be a solution to the complex hydraulics-
engineering problems. Available commercially, the 5 000 m wire-line winch
features an igenious rope spooling system which not only ensures even coiling
of the 5 km of 10 mm wire line with which it is fitted, but prolongs rope
life at the same time. The winch has a built-in, fail-safe hydraulic system
and a depth indicator, and the 127 kW motor has a lifting capacity of 1,5 t
at a depth of 5 000 m. The company is also manufacturing a 3 000 m model.
[Text] [Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 26 Sep 85 p 30]

103



million barrels, yielding 5 000 barrels
per day (one barrel is 160 ¢) would be
viable.

A medium field, by the way, con-
tains something - like 100 to
200 000 000 barrels, a large field
more than 500 000 000.

One can produce from a small oil
field via a floating platform to a
tanker and from there to shore. Such
a project would cost a few hundred
million rand. There are small fields
offshore Brazil, Spain, North Africa
and the North Sea that are presently
being produced in this way. In some
cases you can even lease the floating
platform, a tanker or tankers and all
the other ancillary equipment. You
can calculate the production rate
beforehand, the cost of hiring equip-
ment and whether or not the opera-
tion is profitable. We may well ex-
amine this sort of scheme if we found
one or more small fields.

We have found oil in small quan-
tities in several places, associated with
gas- The one hole yielding about
2 500 barrels per day, has already
been mentioned. It may be possible
to drill two or three holes with a total
production of say 5 000 barrels on
this field, and this could well be an
economic undertaking.

Would the fuel produced from gas be
competitive with the imported pro-
duct and with locally produced oil
from coal?

The cheapest fuel to use in this coun-
try, is that refined from imported
crude oil. The question is whether im-
ported crude oil would always be
available to us and what would the
Rand price of crude oil be in the
future. The second cheapest fuel,
would be that generated from natural
gas, whilst fuel. produced from coal,
is the most expensive. That is, of
course, if all the plants were built at
the same time so that the cost of
capital and equipment would be com-
parable.

88

How long would it take between the
actual discovery of a deposit and
commencement of refining opera-
tions?

Once we have a discovery, we would
have to establish the extent of the
field. This may take up to two years.

BL BARES

The cheapest fuel to use in this

‘country, is that refined from

imported crude oil. The ques-
tion is whether imported crude
oil would always be available to
us and what would the Rand
price of crude oil be in the
future.

FALLS Sze” fa Une ws

After that planning, design and con-
struction of plant would take another
four to five years.

However, employing a floating
platform on a small oil field, one
could turn a discovery well into a pro-
duction well in less than two years.
The oil could be refined in an existing
refinery.

South Africa is one of the most self-
sufficient countries in the world as far
as energy is concerned. In view of this
circumstance, is it really necessary to
spend all the money on the search for
an indigenous oi! supply?

A discovery would, without doubt,
be of considerable strategic and
financial value. Think of, for in-
stance, the three Sasols and the value
they have in giving us the safety of

a large indigenous supply of fuel and
at the same time saving us foreign ex-
change, especially at a time when the
Rand is weak. To safeguard this posi-
tion, taking into account the future
growth in demand, either Soekor will
have to find fairly large oil fields in
the not too distant future, or one
would have to plan for more syn-
thetic fuel plants at regular intervals
in the future.



[Mabuza] Definitely, yes.

[Murphy] Do you see that as being attainable in the near future? Is that
what you are pegging your basic hopes to?

[Mabuza] Well, actually the ball is in the court of the government of the day.
If they move fast enough,’ we can'in the very near future have a one-man, one-
vote situation in the country. But if they drag their legs then it will take
a long time and it will also take its toll.

[Murphy] Right. ‘Now you regard yourself, I presume, as one of the moderate
leaders in this country. Would I be correct in assuming that?

[Mabuza] Well, the word moderate is relative. I regard myself as a leader,
in my own right, but whether I am moderate or not that can be judged by the
people who support me, my constituency.

[Murphy] Well, let me push you a little more firmly on that one. Who would
you regard as the moderate black leaders in the country today and who the
radicals?

[Mabuza] There are different perceptions with regard to radical leadership
and moderate leadership.

[Murphy] What is your perception?

[Mabuza] The perceptions are the black perception and the white perception and
within the black community those who are regarded as radical by the whites are
actually regarded as moderates because the radicals are those who believe that
only violence can bring about change in this country and those who probably are
in our mould or in a homeland situation are dismissed as people who are not
even moderate but who shouldn't even feature in the situation of black leader-
ship in the country.

[Murphy] In a sense, I suggest you have ducked my question but let me put it
to you another way. How do you differentiate between genuine black leaders and
those who are not elected?

_ [Mabuza] Elected by who? In South Africa, we have government-created struc~
tures for the black people and the black people never voted for the creation of
these structures. So in the real sense we cannot say black lessers who are
working within government-created structures are elected leaders. Elected
leaders would only come to the forefront if South Africa was a democratic
country.

[Murphy] How would you regard, then, for example Bishop Tutu today who cer-
tainly has a very substantial following but by no stretch of the imagination
could you describe him as an elected leader?

[Mabuza] Bishop Tutu is a cleric I think by profession but he is also con-'

cerned about the socioeconomic and political issues which affect the black
people and he has a lot of support in the country.

56



JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

HSRC BLAMES RACE CLASSIFICATION FOR ILL-WILL

MB140602 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2204 GMT 13 Oct 85

[Text] Pretoria, 13 October, SPAP--The system of race classification as imple-
mented in the Population Registration Act of 1950 was probably the root cause
of ill feeling between South Africa's different groups and it would have to go,
a Human Sciences Research Council: (HSRC] working committee has found.

The committee's report, with which the chairman, Prof Marinus Weichers of
UNISA [University of South Africa], did not fully agree, was released in Pre-
toria today (Monday) but completed in February this year and submitted to the
HSRC's main committee investigating intergroup relations in South Africa.

The main committee subsequently released its report, in which it generally
criticised the system of apartheid, in July this year.

In its report, entitled "Political Cooperation Within a Fundamental Rule of
Law," the working committees prime recommendation was that a fundamental rule
of law be created and further developed to ensure the protection of group as
well as.individual rights.

The apparent contention among governing politicians that only either group
rights or individual rights could be maintained at the expense of the other
was dismissed by the committee with the assertion the two concepts were in
fact complementary, with group rights depending on individual rights and vice
versa.

The first step should be accompanied by a declaration of intent by the govern-
ment binding itself to the creation of such a rule of law, as well as the
announcement of a legislative programme for the elimination of existing laws
and statutory prescriptions which currently threatened the creation of the
envisaged fundamental rule of law.

The second main recommendation of the committee was that a “fully participant

democracy" in the form of a real consociational central government for South
Africa should be created.

52



IJPRS*SSA*85+110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

HEUNIS INTERVIEWED ON GOVERNMENT REFORMS
MB160720 Johannesburg Television Service in Afrikaans 1800 GMT 14 Oct 85

[Interview with Constitutional Development and Planning Minister Chris Heunis
in Cape Town by Marius Kleynhans, Pierre le Roux, and Freek Robinson in
Johannesburg on the "Network" program--live]

[Text] The process of negotiation between government leaders of all groups is
being continued in all seriousness behind the scenes, following the state
president's reform announcements at party congresses. The minister of con-
stitutional development and planning, Mr Chris Heunis, is the government's
chief negotiator. In our studio are our political correspondent Marius
Kleynhans, reporter Andre le Roux, and our executive director Freek Robinson
in microwave communication with Mr Heunis in Cape Town.

[Kleynhans] Mr Heunis, we have reached the point tonight where we have basic
indications of the government's guidelines for continued discussions on black
constitutional reforms. We also know that you want to keep the agenda open,

but how open is this agenda really?

[Heunis] Well, it is open in the sense that anyone who wants to make definite
proposals on constitutional development in the country has the right to make
his own proposals. One has to accept in all fairness that different stand-
points will emerge when the talks are held, but the government is not binding
anyone on what he may or may not propose as preconditions. Naturally, the
government has a definite, specific standpoint, just as others have, and that
will naturally also be presented as part of an agenda.

[Robinson] But, minister, haven't you already decided that the agenda is not
open, because the government has excluded definite proposals from the beginning,
such as the question of the fourth chamber, the question of one-man, one~vote,
and so forth?

[Heunis] Yes, but that represents a particular party's standpoint. It does
not necessarily represent the only standpoint, and therefore, with respect to
other people who hold other standpoints, they are welcome to make their pro-
posals as well, so that we see through formulation and discussion if there are
points of contact on which we can reach consensus.

4



says there is a. long!
Christian tradition
which says that once it is
established beyond,
doubt that a particular |
regime is tyrannical, it’
forfeits the moral right
to govern.

The people then ac-
quire the right to resist
and to protect their own
interests against injus-
tice and oppression.

It describes the apart-,
heid system, which tries '
to rule for the exclusive
interests of whites, as an
irreformable regime.

It says that as the op-
pressed majority be-
comes more insistent;
and puts more pressure
on the tyrant by means
of boycotts, strikes,
uprisings, burnings and
even armed struggle, the
more tyrannica! will this
regime become.

Killings

It will use repressive ©

measures such as deten-
tions, trials, killings, tor-
ture, bannings, propa-
ganda, states of emer-
gency and other despe-
rate and tyrannical
methods,

The Kairos says a re-
gime that is in principle

the enemy of the people | ~ :

cso: 3400/211

cannot suddenly be;
to rule in the interest of
all the people. It will in-
troduce reforms that will
always be unacceptable
to the majority because
all reforms will ensure
that the white minority
remains in power.

It further says the
conflict and the struggle
will have to intensify in
the months and years
ahead because “there is
no other way” to re-
move the injustice and
oppression.
© The Kairos calls on
Christians to participate
in the struggle for liber-
ation and appeals to the
church to support and
encourage the cam-
paigns of the people
such as consumer boy-
cotts and stayaways.

The present crisis
challenges the church to
move beyond a mere
“ambulance ministry” to
a ministry of involve-
ment and participation.
It says a church that
takes its responsibilities
seriously will sometimes
have to confront and
disobey the State in,
order to obey God.

The reconciliation of
blacks and whites that is
presently being advo-
cated by the church has
also come under fierce
attack from the Kairos.
It says reconciliation can
only be applied between
two groups whose differ-
ences are based on mis-
understandings.

But not in the South
African situation where
there is a conflict be-
tween an armed and vio-
lent oppressor group
and a defenceless and
oppressed group.

It says such conflicts
can only be described as
the struggle between
justice and injustice,

.good and evil, God and

the devil.

The Kairos further
comments: “To speak of
reconciling these two is
not only a mistaken ap-

plication of thé Chris-

tian idea of reconcilia-
tion, it is a total betrayal

of all that Christian faith :

has ever meant.

“Nowhere in the:

Bible or in Christian tra-
dition has it ever been
suggested that we ought
to reconcile good and
evil, God and the devil.
We have to do away

43

with evil, injustice, op-"

- pression and sin — not
to come to terms with it.

“We are supposed to
oppose, confront and re-
| ject the devil and not try
' to sup with the devil. In
our situation in South
Africa it would be to-
tally unchristian to plead
for reconciliation and
peace before the present
injustices have been re-
moved,” the Kairos
says.

It goes on to say that
to be truly biblical,
church leaders must
adopt a theology that
millions of Christians
have already adopted —
a biblical theology of di-
rect confrontation with
the forces of evil rather
than a theology of re-
conciliation with sin and
the devil.

It says the moment of
truth has arrived for the
church to be shown for

what it really is. It calls .

on the church to take its
rightful place inthe
South African situation
— to side with the op-
pressed, as did God who
did not try to reconcile
Moses and Pharaoh, or
- to reconcile the Hebrew
slaves with their Egyp-
tian oppressors.



JPRS*SSA*85#110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

HSRC NOTES INCREASE IN OPPOSITION TO MARRIAGE LAWS -.. |,
MB211742 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1708 GMT 21 Oct 85

[Text] Pretoria, 21 October, SAPA--Three Human Science Research Council [HSRC]
surveys of adult whites in South Africa over the 18 months to June this year
found a clear increase in support for the repeal of the laws prohibiting mar-
riage and sex across the colour line. .

Two of the surveys, in March 1984 and March 1985 were conducted before the
Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act and section 16 of the Immorality Act were
abolished in parliament earlier this year, and the third in June, HSRC re-
searchers said in Pretoria today when the findings of their surveys were re-
leased.

The decline in support for the two measures between the March 1984 and June
1985 surveys was "particularly noticeable in respect of Afrikaans speakers,
with the decrease in support being relatively sharp.in both cases."

In the case of the Immorality Act, the percentage of Afrikaans-speaking respon-
dents who opposed the measure increased almost threefold (from 13.4 percent in
March 1984 to 36.2 percent in June 1985).

During the same period opposition to the Mixed Mariages Act increased from
16.6 percent to 37.2 percent.

The researchers said it was clear from ‘all three surveys that English-speakers
were significantly less inclined than Afrikaans speakers to support the two
Measures concerned, and conversely significantly more inclined to oppose them.

In June this year, relatively more Afrikaans-speaking respondents supported
than opposed the two measures (51.5 percent as opposed to 37.2 percent respec-
tively in the case of the Mixed Marriages Act, and 50.2 percent as opposed to
36.2 percent for the Immorality Act.

In contrast to this, relatively few English-speaking respondents supported than
opposed the two measures (25.1 percent as opposed to 59.5 percent respectively
in the case of the Mixed Marriages Act, and 22.7 percent as opposed to 59.3 per-
cent for the Immorality Act).

112232

cso: 3400/223 a7



JPRS*854.68501 10
November 1 985

SOUTH AFRICA

GROUP SLAMS AFRIKAANS PAPER OVER GIVING BAD IMAGE TO KRUGER DAY

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 Oct 85 p4

[Text]

PROF P G Nel, chairman ‘to media reports to the ef- festivities influenced by
of the Krugergenootskap fect that the Kruger Day Youth Year, would
yesterday lashed out at an festivities was a plot inspire the youth to be-

Afrikaans newspaper,
which “had applied spite-
ful attempts to harm the
image of the Kruger-
genootskap”, and added
that they “would not be
intimidated”. *

Speaking at the Kruger |
Day festivities at the!
Heroes’ Acre in Pretoria,
Prof Nel said the inclu-
sion of Government lead-
ers from laying wreaths at
Heroes’ Acre did not im-
ply that the Kruger-
genootskap “failed to
appreciate authority”.

The participation of *
Government leaders had
always been appreciated
in the past, he said,

Prof Nel was referring

CSO: 3400/212

under the cloak of culture
by Rightwing Afrikaners

to “hijack” the festivities. «

Prof Nel was earlier re-
ported to have said that
the aim of this r’S
Kruger Day festivities
was to involve the youth
in cultural activities.

In a message, Prof Nel
yesterday said: “The
youth was not only a pre-
cious possession, but a
link through which pre-
cious memories could be
cherished and transferred
to the next generation.”

Prof Nel expressed
hope that the Kruger Day

76

come more involved in
cultural activities.

Among the representa-
tives who laid wreaths at
the Heroes’ Acre yester-
day were the Mayor of
Pretoria, Dr P J Kruger
(on behalf of the City of

' Pretoria), Prof Nel (Afri-

kaansekultuurraad of
Pretoria), Mrs A Boshoff
(Afrikanervolkswag), Mr
CP Snyman (Junior Rap-
Portryers-beweging), Mrs
M Fick (SA Vrouefedera-
sie) Mr B Bester (Pretoria
Technikon), Mr J P van
Niekerk, Mr Daan Les-
sing and F J J Coetzee
(University of Pretoria)
and various other organi-

; Sations and institutions.



JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

MADAGASCAR

BRIEFS

U.S. FOOD CREDIT--The United States opened a line of credit worth eight
million dollars for the benefit of Madagascar on September 27 for food

aid. Six million dollars will go on purchasing 20,900 tonnes of rice

and the remainder will be usdd for the acquisition of 2,700 tonnes of
vegetable oil. In a communique the United States embassy in Antananarivo _
said the agreement had been signed earlier than usual because of Madagascar's
need to import the food before the end of the year, or at the latest by

the beginning of 1986. 1.0.N.--This news can only be welcomed in Madagascar,
whose capital of Antananarivo is currently facing a serious shortage of

rice. However, it is interesting to note that the signature of this agree-
ment, earlier than planned, coincides with president Didier Ratsiraka's
visit to Moscow. Since 1981 food aid to Madagascar from Washington has
totalled 57 million dollars, 17 million of which were in the form of outright
gifts. The profits obtained by selling the food on the open domestic market
are invested in rural development projects and the improvement of storage
and distribution facilities. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER

in English 5 Oct 85 p 7]

TRADE BALANCE BETTER--According to an official Malagasy source, Antananarivo
recorded a 40 percent increase in the value of its exports in 1984 compared
with those of the previous year. Moreover, as a result of reductions in

the quantity of rice ordered from abroad, total imports only rose by 13
percent. In consequence, the trade deficit showed a sharp drop. Apart from
hanging on to its traditional markets, Madagascar has adopted a strategy

of conquering or reconquering those on its "borders," that is to say in east
Africa and neighbouring Indian Ocean islands. For example, 10,000 tonnes

of maize were sold to Reunion last year. Commerce with Mauritius is planned
to take off once more next year, a trade agreement was signed last January
with the Seychelles, and the resumption of normal relations with the Comoros
should boost Madagascar's exchanges with that archipelago. I.0.N.--The
increase in value of Madagascar's exports by 40 percent is not so much due
to greater productivity than to a resurgence in orders for cloves, the effect
of the increased value of the dollar and the devaluation of the Malagasy
franc by 15 percent in 1984. Revenue from coffee sales rose from 50.3
million Malagasy francs in 1983 to 68.7 million last year, while the island's
income from cloves soared from 7.5 million Malagasy francs in 1983 to an
estimated 27.1 million in 1984. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER
in English 5 Oct 85 p 7]



[Rogers] Minister, one accepts the reservations you make but if one looks at
the practical reality in South Africa today, many of the black townships are
aflame and the situation there is being controlled, if not directly by the ANC,
but their surrogates in [word indistinct]. Now can you ignore their reality
in any kind of discussion toward settling the situation in South Africa?

[Miller] Yes I think one has to look at what, the ANC is trying to achieve.
You know the more successful we are in our reform program in South Africa,
the less relevant the ANC and the United Democratic Front [UDF] will become.
And it is precisely because we are making a stride and we'are gaining ground
in the reform process that the ANC and the UDF decided to start urban unrest.
Of course, they had willing participants by way of those people who are un-
employed, who are angry at the system because of a lack of employment, and
they then got ‘these people through intimidation to participate in township
violence. The truth is that the ANC wants to take over South Africa. [Word
indistinct] want to share power in South Africa the way we do, and the more
successful we are, the more the ANC is going to try to. disrupt matters using
violence. Now that is the very core of our objection to the ANC. They are
not interested in a peaceful solution here in which all people share in
political decisionmaking.

[Rogers] Now you have said, the government has said, that it is prepared [to]
talk to African leaders but they have not in fact come forward, and in spite

of some suggestions that the ANC represents only 10 percent of the black people,
others say those have shown that the percentage is “in fact must greater than
that, can you really avoid, in the end, having to talk to them and isn't it
better to start, perhaps, with these unofficial bodies like business and
students and so on opening the way for you?

[Miller] Well, let me comment on the first part first and that is the fact
that there is intimidation and:violence at the moment ‘undertaken by the UDF
and the ANC against leaders who are prepared to work within the system or

talk to the government is causing a problem, is not a fatal impediment but it
is a serious practical:problem at the moment and we hope that ‘the minute that
peace and security are reestablished’ in the urban areas of South Africa's black
urban areas that leaders, legitimate leaders, who will come forward again.
[sentence as received] Second, you know the problem is with the ANC. They
don't want to talk about the same solutions which we do. They want to talk
about capitulation by the whites. Mr Gavin Relly and his group who went to

see the ANC in Lusaka will be able to confirm that and I am certain if you
talk to Dr Van Zyl Slabbert, the leader of the opposition in the assembly, he
will confirm that the ANC's intent is not to share power but to ‘take over power
in South Africa.

[Rogers] Mr Ron Miller, thank you for joining us on Network.

[Miller] Thank you. [end video]

/12232
cso: 3400/223

51



Trade With Taiwan, Chile Reported
(MINING WORLD, Sep 85). ..cccccccesseececeeecsnseecsscees 82

Details of State-Assisted Job-Creating Projects Announced
(THE CITIZEN, 15 Oct 85) .cccccecsccvcevcecccecevceccecs 83

Natal Business Groups Reject Kwazulu Consolidation
(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 18 Oct 85) vecesccacecees 84

Soekor Official Reviews Firm's Progress
(P. J. van Zijil Interview; MINING WORLD, Sep 85) ....... 85

Electronics Industry's Export Potential Discussed .
(BUSINESS DAY, 23 Sep 85) ..seccccceccccesvcccseseecesece 90

Decline in Ferrochrome Demand Feared
(Anthea Duigan; BUSINESS DAY, 23 Sep 85) ..scececccececes 91

Uncertainty of Minerals Exports Reflected
(Roy Bennetts; BUSINESS DAY, 23 Sep 85) .ecececececsceces 92

Export Sales to Africa Increase
(BUSINESS DAY, 23 Sep 85) ..ccccececcscncecccccccecsccere 94

Duration of Export Boom Anticipated
(John Tilston; BUSINESS DAY, 23 Sep 85) ..cceceseecescees 95

Demand for Engineering Products Noted
(Heath Young; BUSINESS DAY, 23 Sep 85) ..scececvcccsceces 97

Export Growth Threatened by Hostility Toward South Africa
(Matthew White; BUSINESS DAY, 23 Sep 85) ..ccesccsceceees 98

UAL Official Believes Boycott Can Be Beaten
(BUSINESS DAY, 23 Sep 85) .scsecceccccecccceeeeeessseeece 100

Charcoal Plant at Mount Coke :
(DAILY DISPATCH, 20 Sep 85) ..ceeeeseccccececceeeesecees 101

Briefs
Export Markets 102
Wheat Purchases 102
Container Rates 102
Barclays' Gloomy Forecast 103
Cruise Cancelled 103
Usco Casts Turbine Casing 103
Core Samples Retrieved 103
Local Production 104
Imported Raw Materials 104
Largest SA Furnace 104



IJPRS*SSA*85~110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ANGLO-AMERICAN CHIEF ON SANCTIONS’ IMPACT. ON REGION
MB220551 Johannesburg Television Service in English 1700 GMT 21 Oct 85

[Text] A leading South African businessman has commented on the impact sanc-
tions would have on neighboring states, saying that foreign aid would fail to
meet the economic requirements of southern African states hit by sanctions.

The chairman of Anglo-American, Mr Gavin Relly, has just returned from a 5-week
business visit to Britain, New Zealand, and Australia, and spoke to Cliff
Saunders,

[Begin video] [Relly]. I think that if sanctions are going to he effective
against South Africa, they are bound to overflow into the other countries. I
would have thought that our neighbors will suffer pari passue with us.

[Saunders] Even should the West and other states come to the assistance of
these African states, do you"believe that they could compensate adequately
for severed economic links with South Africa?

‘

[Relly] \Well, I think the tendency is for this not to be so in practice. I
remember in Zambia, when aid was offered to it for its stand against UDI, this
was never! at all adequate ‘to really meet the requirements of the time. So I

rather doubt whether that would be the case here.

[Saunders] There has been talk of formal negotiations with the ANC. Your

business group ‘had an opportunity to sound out ANC views about 6 weeks ago.

To be quite frank, Mr Relly, would the ANC negotiations stop short of demanding

the replacement of the white minority with the black majority, and preferably

the ANC? |
le.

[Relly] 11, the way to find out the answer to that question is to talk to
them, At'jthis moment, of course, they have a very clear position. They want
simple. majoritarianism tomorrow. But you cannot find these things out if you
never talk to people, and I would have thought that if we have a sincere in-
terest ina stable, prosperous, and just society in South Africa, then quite
obviously you cannot go'that route that they suggest. It has got to be some—
thing very.different to that. And I would have thought that that is something
they would perceive too. [end video]

/12232

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68



JPRS*SSA*85«110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ANC'S TAMBO AAPSO MEETING NEWS CONFERENCE
EA152354 Addis Ababa Radio Freedom in English to South Africa 1930 GMT 14 Oct 85

[Announcer~read report on an 11-13 meeting organized by the Afro-Asian People's
Solidarity Organization and hosted by the Ethiopian Government-—place not
specified: Recorded remarks by ANC President Oliver Tambo at a news confer-
ence given at the meeting contained with quotation marks]

[Text] Compatriots, during this past weekend, as of Friday the llth till
yesterday, Sunday the 13th, the revolutionary government of Socialist Ethiopia
was hosting an emergency [words indistinct] struggling people of South Africa.
The meeting was organized by the Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization
in cooperation with [word indistinct] Solidarity and Friendship Committee, as
well as the vanguard liberation movement of our people, ANC.

Taking part in the solidarity (?meeting) were ‘veteran freedom fighters from
all over the world [words indistinct]. The ANC delegation to the meeting was
led by the president, Comrade Oliver Tambo. During the course of the meeting
President Tambo had occasion to hold a press conference in which he expressed
the ANC's feeling about [words indistinct] of solidarity with the people of
our country and explained the position of the ANC in relation to other factions
of significance in the struggle. At the press conference, Comrade President
Tambo was first asked to assess the significance of the emergency meeting of
solidarity.

"The meeting takes place very [word indistinct] at a time when there is the
greatest need for all supporters of peace and justice in the world and in

South Africa and southern Africa, generally, to apply the greatest possible
pressure on the apartheid system. And the emergency conference is properly
called emergency because we are in an emergency situation in which the oppressed
and exploited masses in South Africa are challenging the regime daily with
their very lives [words indistinct] in South Africa. Daily, people are being
killed and the struggle goes on. That is the moment when support is most
needed to reinforce our struggle, now rather than later.

"So, we think that, first of all, the mere pulling together of the supporters
of our cause at this time is in itself a great achievement for us, but beyond
that it is what the delegates attending this conference will go back to do in
their home areas, in their home bases, which will in fact contribute to the

23



was handed [out] by "Women for Peace" members in townships at great risk to
themselves, andwe didn't know whether people would be prepared to respond to
this. So with that in mind we attached an envelope that was addressed and
stamped, so that the people could simply send it back. And people did go to
the trouble to send it back and the survey was handed out at random. And the
fact that 25 percent of the respondents were scholars: seems to indicate a tre-
mendous need for communication. seeking for an answer at this time.

[Baigrie] I-would support that, Donna if I could. We received... [changes
thought] I said that we distribute in response, purely to demand coming through
the mail more than 10,000 a week of our manifestos together with the stickers
for use on motor cars, together with yellow ribbons for use of briefcases, wing
mirrors, and so on, The response is enormous and it is coming from every level
in the population, scholars, domestics, leaders, executives....

[Doig, interrupting] James, accepting the fact that we are moving now into the
sort of marketing techniques of actual communication, one further point to be
raised, and I would like, Cindy, for you to comment on this. I think a lot of
people noted with interest that "Women for Peace,"~—-the questions they posed--
did not include... [changes thought] They asked. the reasons for the violence
within the townships....

[Leontsinis, interrupting] We asked the reasons for unrest....

(Doig, interrutping] Unrest. One question you did not pose and was the people's
feelings regarding the unrest; did it receive their approval or disapproval?

[Leontsinis] One of the things that did come out of this, a small percentage
of the respondents, 6 percent, blamed students, of which 3 percent were in
favor of the students and 3 percent blamed them for it. [sentence as heard]

Now I... i.

[Xenopoulos, interrupting] I would like to really say something.

[Leontsinis] The greatest danger, I feel, that you could possibly face in your
movement is actually crossing the street to have your hair done, and I feel
that the blacks in‘the townships have to run the gauntlet every’ morning to go
to work. Do'you know what intimidation is really about? And, also, I wonder
whether you are actually on the path of evolution or revolution?

[Baigrie] Donna, could I just... [changes thought] I resent that remark. It
was facetious and it does not add to the debate. [General interruptions from
all] a

[Doig] Excuse the, ladies, gentleman, all of you. Thank you all for your con-
tribution. I am going to have to wind up this discussion, and I think probably
the contretemps we have had at the end may lead me to the conclusion: Can, in
fact, we define precisely what. or who is our enemy, in terms of peace, when we
find among ourselves, possibly, a great lack of mutual understanding and commu-
nication? On that note--it may be positive, it may be doubtful, it may be
negative--we can only thank our panel for joining us.

[Baigrie] I disagree, Donna... Thank you.

[Doig] Thank you. 66

/12232
CSO: 3400/223



‘Afrikaners are to the Jews, but this is very convenient to the government not
to have a Jewish tribe or an Afrikaner tribe but to have a Tswana tribe and a
Shangaan tribe because by having a Shangaan and a Tswana tribe, the black can
be conveniently separated and therefore easily governed.

[Murphy] With respect sir, you see I‘hear exactly ‘the same sort of argument
being put forward in Rhodesia before it collapsed there, and yet what we are
witnessing to the north now, and I think this worries a great many people, is
that there is a heavy swing and emphasis toward the one-party state ruled with
absolute power. This must be a perception and a fear I think of many people
inthis country.

[Mabuza] Well, South Africa is not Rhodesia or Zimbabwe. South Africa is
South Africa, and one also should be aware of ‘the divide-and-rule policy of
the British colonial government which was exercised in other parts of Africa,
which has been exercised in this coutry, and is being perpetuated by the
government of the day. You cannot divide people ‘artificially for a long time
and bring about a fear syndrome, whereby the Zulus will be afraid of the
Tswanas, and thereafter expect harmony between these tribes in the future.

It is an artificial, overaccentuated situation that is the tribal animosity or
tribal ‘rivalry.

[Murphy] A few minutes ago you said virtually nothing had happened in terms

of meaningful concessions to blacks in this country, and yet Mr Gavin Relly

of Anglo-American, in Australia just’ last week, seems to take issue with that.
He asserted that: very considerable and meangingful concessions had already been
made by the National Party, and yet it seems that strife and unrest proceeds
apace.

[Mabuza] Yes, I think the problem is the question of the difference rather
between fundamental.change and concessions. It is as a school of thought among
some whites in the white electorate that they may not, vote for the government
because the more concessions thé government gives tothe blacks, the more the
blacks want, and the more unrest they create.

[Murphy] Isn't that the case at the moment?

[Mabuza] That is a‘very wrong conception because what the blacks want is the
recognition of their human dignity, and the whites haven't recognized that,
and what the blacks ‘want is fundamental change, and not just concessions.

[Murphy]’ But is‘it not possible that you could find a white baéklash that so
many perceived changes are taking place and being announced and’ intentions, but
as the black unrest increases, the more concessions are made. Suddenly the
white electorate may say: look enough is enough. Could this not be self-defeat-
ing, this unrest, in ‘the face of ever more’ concessions?

[Mabuza] Yes, that is correct. That is the unfortunate situation in South
Africa, the compartmentalizing of people into groups.

For example, ‘the government is apparently afraid of 10 of 12 percent of 23 per-
cent, that it the Conservatives Party and Herstigte National Party. It will only

59



the groups which function within that system. It doés not imply that the
groups therein accept it, but it does imply that those who function within it
use that system. :

[Robinson] Mr Heunis, can we come back 'to the Group Areas Act? You know that
your colleagues within the cabinet have come to believe the Group Areas Act

is the one most injurious thing in their lives. Do you still not want to nego-
tiate on that Group Areas Act?

[Heunis] Well, Mr Robinson, to me it is very clear that the other parties that
are in government and that function in parliament serve under the existing laws
of the country. In other words, those members are bound by the laws of the
country until they are changed, just as I am. My own view supports the state
president's view, namely, that for purposes of participation in government, we
are all bound to those laws within the system. Naturally it is possible that
people can propose specific ideals for themselves as policy, but. until such
time as people achieve their ideals, they must function within the existing
systen.

[Robinson] Let us go to the question of citizenship. It is probably the most
important factor on which the whole constitutional development of South Africa
must be built. What do phrases such as one constitution, one country, one
citizenship for all in South Africa mean?

[Heunis] In the first place, it means exactly what it says. Let us take
citizenship. The president's announcements on citizenship have various facets
or aspects. It concerns, in the first place those South African citizens who
live within its borders and who do not belong to a national group, who lost
their citizenship when their country became independent. Second, it affects
people who are citizens of independent states and who lost their citizenship,
but who have permanent residential rights within South Africa. Their citizen~
ship will be restored in terms of the announcement. Third, it affects those
[who] physically live within independent states and who have citizenship of
those states. They can.obtain dual citizenship, if we can negotiate with the
leaders of those states. You must bear in mind that independent states...
[change of thought] one country cannot take steps in regard to other country's
citizens without negotiation.

[Robinson] One can understand that, but does the citizenship of those within
South Africa, especially the blacks, mean the absolute recognition by govern-
ment that they are citizens of this country, and that progress must be made on
political rights for them within this country?

[Heunis] Yes, the president has said in plain language that South African
citizens of black communities will have the right to participate in the de-
cisions concerning their lives and that they can participate in decisions on
common areas. The whole process of negotiation in progress concerns the methods
or the processes. No one disputes the fact that black communities must partici-
pate in the political processes within South Africa. The worrying question is
how it can be done and still satisfy the other conditions, namely, the protec—
tion of minorities, maintenance of standards, and the question of the preserva-
tion of democratic systems. That is not a simple question, and therefore the

16



me then they removed the towel from. my
face and throttled me,

"After a severe beating they took me
back to the room from which I had come.
My shirt was in ribbons from the beating
and pulling around."

Mr George said he was then returned to
St Albans. Two days later he was
examined by a female doctor who
prescribed medication on his release. His
private doctor told him he had swollen
eardrums.

Mr George was arrested again on
September 3 under the emergency
regulations.

"J spent 14 days in St Albans prison and
although I was not assaulted I Sived in
continual fear that 1 would be taken to
Louis Je Grange and interrogated once

ag

Mr Ihron Rensburg, a Port Elizabeth
pharmacist, writes of the fear, pain and
humiliation he allegedly suffered at the
hands of the police at Louis le Grange
Square, police headquarters in Port
Elizabeth, He says in an affidavit that he
was arrested in terms of the emergency
regulations on July 23 at 3am and taken
to St Albans prisons where he occupied a
cell with 30 others.

The following day, after two hours of
interrogation at Louis le Grange Square,
he said, a Sgt Faku told him to sing a
Xhosa freedom song and do the toi-toi —

_a dance done to freedom songs and the

chanting of political slogans. He said he
refused until Sgt Faku threatened to
assault him.

“Faku then questioned me about
meetings I addressed in the township.
Whenever I gave him an answer he didn't
like, he would hit me with a clenched
fist. I was hit on both sides of the face
and given an uppercut which caused my
top lip to’ start bleeding.

"At one stage he grabbed me by the
collar which had the effect of choking
me. Ie forced me up against the wall and
then kicked me with his knee in my
stomach. I fell to the ground. When the
pain had subsided J] got up and was again
hit by Sgt Faku in the face.

“He then hit me with a blow directly on
the nose. My nose began to bleed

113104

CSO:

3400/253

profusely. There was blood on the floor,
on my clothes and on the walls, Faku
ordered me to clean the floor. I refused
and he hit me on the side of my face.

"He threatened that if I did not clean
the floor I would have a bag put over my
head and be given the helicopter. I have
heard from other detainees what the
helicopter means, The victim is locked
into a permanent crouch around a stick
and then suspended from the floor and
spun, making him disorientated and

dizzy, I had no choice but ato, start
cleaning the floor and walls."

After this Spt Faku told hint to sign
‘forms he had not read. He snid "I signed
because I feared for my tife. 1 was in
great pain and did not want to be
assaulted again.”

Mr Rensburg recalls seeing trade
unionist Denis Neer af the prison tater
that week,

“His arm was in a sting with? bandages
around the forearm. His face was swollen
and there were abrasions and bruising on
his face. He walked stiffly and Slowly. He
told me he had been brutally assaulted by
members of the security police who had
put him through the hatter fe told
me that he had been referred to HOspital.

"I also remember seeing several
detainees return from interrogation
injured in one way or another."

Mr Rensburg said that after he had laid
a complaint of assault with the sister in
charge of the prison hospital and the
doctor who examined him, he agreed to

sign a form Indemnifying the prison
department.

"Apart from being approached with the
indemnity; no one approached me in
prison for the purposes of investigating
the charge of assault. Other detainees
also laid charges of assault and they also
. complained that the charges were not
being investigated.

"It appeared to me that the prisons
department and the police were
deliberately turning 9 blind eye to the
systematic assault on detainees by
members of the SA police."

33



In its third recommendation, it said it was logical that all subordinate forms
of government should be established with the same principles in mind.

Fourthly, the four independent national states should be developed as full
partners in‘the Southern African Community of States, and the national states
as autonomous regional governments in a decentralised system.

The public service sector, as the vehicle for implementing the participant
democracy should, fifthly, be fully integrated.

The committee realised its reform guidelines were impossible to implement over~
night and recommended three phases for the process,’although. these would overlap.

The first phase would be the declaration of intent, with all its implications.

The second would be one of reorganisation, with an active transfer to acceptable
citizenship arrangements, the establishment of regional governments as well as
cooperation structures and institutions across national borders, and the in-
stitution of consociational governments at local level.

The third phase would be a constituting one, where’a consociational or coopera-
tional government at central level would be brought about for members of ail
population groups through the process of consensus.

The committee found the implementation of the present system of statutory popu-
lation registration had had four "extremely negative" effects on group rela~
tions in South Africa.

Firstly, because ethnicity was proven to be indeterminable and juridically
untenable, population registration had effectively become race classification,
with colour and origin as the almost exclusive criteria.

Secondly, population registration had come under serious suspicion when the
system, as far as blacks were concerned, had been coupled to citizenship for
the so-called homelands to the extent that some had statutorily been declared
aliens in their own fatherland.

Thirdly, the system had given rise to a number of racial laws~-all with a
greater or lesser degree of negative influence on group relations.

These laws worsened relations between the blacks and other groups, particularly
the whites, .

Fourthly, the system had made it possible to determine the white racial group--
according to origin and appearance, but not ethnically--and to promote this
group as holders of supreme constitutional power.

"The clearly apparent link between population registration and the establishment
and maintenance of white supreme authority is surely the deepest reason why
ethnicity and official protection of group identity in South Africa is treated
so suspiciously, has become unacceptable, and why the new constitution--which
is based on the population registration system--has aroused so much resistance
among other population groups," the committee said.

53



leaders with whom we are negotiating that the existence of six governments
such as those in which they are functioning are a part of the solution, but
that this does not represent the final solution.

[le Roux] Sir, again on the second and third levels*and your remarks concern-
ing these. You have already rejected a fourth chamber. But does participation
up to the highest level include parliamentary representation for blacks?

{Heunis] Let me say this about the fourth chamber. It is not only the govern-
ment which has taken a stand against a fourth chamber. Many of the political
leaders in the black communities have also rejected it, because they are apply-
ing themselves to a different basic constitutional dispensation, and limit them-
selves to it. So, let me be very clear about this, that it is not only one
party which rejects a fourth chamber as a possible solution. I do not want to
go into the merits or advantages of that. All I want to say is, it is also
rejected by black leaders. The important point is the point of departure,
which is that black communities will also take part«and function in legislative
institutions. What form these should take and how they will work has to be
the result of negotiation.

[le Roux] But there demand is that this be within a parliamentary context.

[Heunis] But of course, their demand is that it be within a parliamentary
context. Others make different demands, and therefore... [interrupted]

[le Roux] Other people, sir?.

(Heunis] Many people, many groups. Let us keep in mind that the concept of
a one-man, one-vote in:a unitary state system is not acceptable to many people.
And if someone is demanding that as an absolute requirement, then there is no
basis for discussion. So I want to repeat what I said at the beginning. My
government has specific positions. Other political parties have their own
positions. The positions of all are on the table for negotiation and discus-
sion. But what you are trying to do, you are trying to have a position formu-
lated which means nothing other ‘than that I must be prescriptive on how these
models should look. If I have to do so, I can'do it, but then it means it is
not a negotiated solution. And I would very much, if possible, prefer to keep
the discussions open to see how far we can get with a negotiated solution for
this country. .

[Kleynhans] Gentlemen, Mr Heunis, our time is running out. TI would like to
ask you what is your reaction to this weekend's ‘talks between the leader of
the official opposition and the ANC in Lusaka, and the situation that emerged
with Dr Slabbert saying he thinks the ANC is still open to negotiations?

[Heunis] Well, I cannot comment on that. In the first place, I did not attend
the talks. Second, I have not spoken with Dr Slabbert. I would hesitate to
react to what newspapers reported as being said by a political leader. I have
experience of that, to my cost. But regarding the principle of ‘negotiation with
the ANC, my government position is very clear, and that is, negotiations can
take place with people who distance themselves from violence as a method of
change.

19



and up. For quite a while our budget
ws R130 000 000 per annum, but it
now stands at R185 000 000 for the
current financial year. We obtain our
funds from Government and tell Par-
liament how we have spent the
money.

How many wells have been drilled by
Soekor?

We have so far drilled about 100 wells
offshore, and are presently drilling
14—16 holes per year, on average.
Each hole is roughly + 3 000 m deep,
measured from the floor of the drill-
ing. platform which is our datum.
Holes are 36” in diameter to start off
with, they gradually diminish in size
and are 8!/2” in diameter at bottom.
The main portion of the hole is
12!/4” in diameter. We use harden-
ed steel toothbits and tungsten car-
bide button bits for drilling.

Coring is carried out by means of
diamond crowns. We normally core
when passing through reservoir rock,
i.e. rock where we expect to find oil
or gas and this interval is a distance
of about 100 m to 120 m.

We have covered the whole coast
from Mozambique to the Orange
River and some portions of offshore
South West Africa by means. of
seismic surveys. We have a general
picture of the whole of the offshore
and a more detailed picturé of certain
areas. There is still a tremendous
amount of work to be done. I think
we are still at the beginning of the
process of finding out whether or not
we have worthwhile deposits of oil or
gas offshore.

Has exploration on land been aban-
doned altogether?

Soekor has abandoned the land
search and will not spend more
money on it, but there are still some
private people as well as some small
companies who are carrying on on
small concessions given to them by
Soekor. Soekor and other interested
parties have together drilled more
than 200 holes on land.

86

Is Soekor presently the only organisa-
tion at work offshore? :
Yes, but there has always been some
interest from other companies. They
come and look at what we are doing,
but have not over the last decade in-
vested any money. Perhaps they will
do so now we have met with some
success.

In what sort of geological environ-
ment is Soekor operating offshore,
and what are the main geophysical
exploration tools employed?

Weare drilling mainly in Cretaceous
sediments with some Tertiary cover.
These rocks are of the same age as are
being explored elsewhere offshore in
the world for oil and gas. You need
to do a lot of drilling before you
begin to understand the offshore
geology. Whereas on land you can
walk about and record the geology as
it outcrops, offshore you have to
employ geophysical methods and
drilling.

Each summer we shoot a seismic
programme, which varies in scope
from 4000km to 8 000km.
Weather conditions are unfavourable
in winter for this type of work. The
sort of equipment used improves all
the time and we are getting much
better images now than a few years
ago.

Apart from seismic work, we also
log our wells electronically. By this
means we are further able to correlate :
the various sedimentary beds found
in different holes.

Where are your present target areas?

The main area is south of Mossel Bay
where we have found a number of gas
fields and south-east of that in the
direction of Plettenberg Bay. We are
also working in an area south-west of
Port Elizabeth where much work re-
mains to be done. We further have
a number of drilling targets on the
west coast, which we hope to investi-
gate closer in the next year or so.
Presently we have a study in progress
to determine whether it would be



JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MORE DIALOG BETWEEN BOSSES, WORKERS URGED
Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 3 Oct 85 p 6
[Article in Focus column by Sam Mabe]

[Text]

a ’s is usually the case in situations where there is
An South African businessmen have suddenly

awakened to the fact that there is a need for
change in South Africa.

took the bull by the horns when they went to

Recently, the
Lusaka to speak t0 the ANC — an organisation branded by some
as terrorist and communist — about the deteriorating political

situation in this country.

They also featured in large numbers among top people who
met in Johannesburg about two weeks ago to start moves to-
wards the possible holding of a national convention.

Ina full-page advertisement ran in some newspapers early this
week, the businessmen signed a declaration calling for the

Reform

The Kairos document
produced by 151 theolo-
jans and ministers says
|it is in the interest of
those who benefit from
the status quo to intro-
(duce a number of re-
‘forms in order to ensure
that the system is not”
\radically changed so that
jthey can continue to
‘benefit from it as they
| have done in the past.

acceleration of reform. |

They state, among
other things, that they
reject violence as a,
means of achieving
change and that they
support the politics of
negotiation. But they do
not say anything about
the violence used by the
Government to main-
tain the status quo.

Mr Pandelani Nefo-
Jovhodwe, chairman of
the Azanian Congress of
Trade Unions (Azactu),
said utterances of white ;
businessmen should be!
viewed with caution. |

He said: “The migrant”
labour system and the
influx control laws
which humiliate the

_working class were de-

signed to promote the
interests of the capital-
ists. This makes busi-
nessmen part of the
problem in this country
and we cannot suddenly

see them as being on our

side.”

40

| The document says

there are those who are

ltreated as mere labour

‘units, paid starvation .

| Wages, separated from
their families by migra-
tory labour, moved
about like cattle and
dumped in homelands to
starve.

True justice, God's
justice, demands a radi-
‘cal change of structures
which can only come
from below, from the~
oppressed themselves.
God does not bring his

_justice through reforms
jintroduced by the Pha-
raohs of this world.



cso:

delivery vehicle from the neigh-
bouring city of Johannesburg is one
way of forcing change. They also
believe P W Botha will be forced to
release Mandela if the school boy-
cotts, looting and burning continue.
These people also have no re-
spect for their parents who they
feel are still too apologetic “in spite
of the sufferin, the townships”.
“All they will say is how mad,
how defiant, how stupid, how un-
ruly we are to stay away from
schools, to burn, loot and stone
vehicles and sell-outs. They alwa:
Say we are underminin; their pi
thority by doing things they never
taught PF fo co jae bringin us
up,” said Gary (19), of Whit City.
Gary, a matric student and for-
mer member of Cosas, reluctantly
admitted that he had stoned deliv-
ery vehicles and had been involved
in initiating boycotts at his school.
“You might not approve of what
T have just. fold you. jut what can
one do under the circumstances?
How does one get rid of Bantu Edu-
cation? I have been at school for
over ten years but I am stil not sure
if I can construct an English sen-
tence correctly. ‘i
iS our conversation progressed
Gary became more 9 with
emotional out-bursts in his broken
English.

ra, Sipho, conditions and de-
privations at schools are not so
much of an issue. We want freedom
and tate bring all the sufferings

a stop.
“I am not an intellectual nor am
I too educated to interpret certain
political terms and what apartheid
Means. But no one can explain
better than I the sufferings I have
gone through as a child.
Just then six of Gary's friends
jgined us. I had just asked about
lack councillors and town:
per
“Wow ...!” all exclaimed.
“Councillors! They are sell-outs!
Puppets! Any councillor needs a
necklace (burning tyre) around his
” said Vusi.

Vusi (18), a Form 3 student, does
not belong to any of the student
frganisations, but re; rds council-

policemen, ice informers
and members Of the army as his
arch-enemies,

3400/210

81.

He is one of the 746 Soweto High
School students who were recently
‘rounded up by members .of the
SADF under the emergency regula-
tions. Vusi and the others spent a
night at the new Johannesburg
Prison in Diepkloof.

“We were arrested for absolutely
nothing. What strikes me is that
police and army do not want to see
us Wandering te ent in the ireete
neither do want oycot
classes. .

“One really can never know what
to do to satisfy them. We have be-
come targets. They shoot, arrest
and harrass us whenever its suits
them,” said Vusi.

Though Vusi did not know exact-
ly what local government work en-
tails, he felt black councillors were
ate led by a sprinkli

are spol a sprinkling
of our a rents who back them mor-
ally. After all they are of the same
generation. A feneration of apolo-
gists and failures. Our parents
want us to be la' a tors,
teachers and mem of other
professions.

“Can you make a good lawyer
with the type of education we re-
ceive? How can you argue and de-
fend your client in a court of law
with education like ours?

“Our parents will never act.
They just criticise! Criticise us!
That is not relevant as far as we
are concerned. They fail to realise
that we have an alternative, a solu-
tion to our problems that will still
be facing us in years to come. The
would try to explain how mucl
they love us. That is not good
enou

“Siyayinyova (wre inthe oi
),” he said, puncl ir
Tia his crenoked tt
A number of children I ap-
proached after the conversation
with Vusi said they supported calls
for class boycotts and most did not
hide their hatred for the police and

onthe i

ie struggle must continue, Ban-
tu Education must crumble, Man-
dela must be released and total

freedom achieved.
SIYAYINYOVA — that’s what
the children of Soweto believe.



leads the homeland's policy to its logical conclusion, and that logical conclu-
sion is a situation whereby there will be no black citizenship, citizens, in
the country, or one (?helps) the system where it is and tries to relax the ;
status quo so that a sittiation where equal rights, justice, can be achieved.

[Murphy] But how can you claim to be a leader of any type or description in a
democratic sense when there are no official political parties in Kangwane and
therefore no elections?

[Mabuza] In Kangwane, we have just” been granted self-governing status last
year, and we are working on a constitution where people will be in a position
to elect their leaders, So it is not a question of denying the democratic
processes within the territory. It is a question of having been delayed by
the South African Government to attain self-governing status whereby we could
have a constitution and popularly elected leaders. But there are parties in
Kangwane. For example, I am the leader of the Inyandza National Movement,
which has very strong support within the territory, and there is a clique
called the Inyatsi Yema Swati, which is in favor of incorporation. They also .
have followers.

[Murphy] What role today in that case.do chiefs and tribes still play in
black communities? Is it as strong as ever it was?

[Mabuza] The chieftainship has been accentuated or over-accentuated by the
homelands policy, and I see a change coming as far ‘as the authority of the
chiefs in the sense that. even the rural areas where there are tribal systems,
the people are becoming more and more urbanized and more and more conscious

of the fact that they have to exercise democratic rights. In other words, the
chief who will survive in the future is the chief who is very sensitive to the
needs and aspirations of the people. And the chief who believes that his tribe
should just pay homage to him, they very soon’ become irrelevant.

[Murphy] Which leads me into my next question because I think you might agree
that historically, South Africa's black ethnic groups and tribes have not ex-
actly been peace-loving people in the past and not exactly noted for their
capacity to negotiate and compromise.

[Mabuza] I think that again that is a white perception. The black tribes in -
South Africa have been overaccentuated by the present government. :

[Murphy] Oh I am thinking long before this. I am going back, you know, per-
haps hundreds of years here. You see what I am driving at is do you think it
is theoretically possible to compromise, to negotiate, and to stick to agree-
ments in today's atmosphere.

([Mabuza] Yes, I think we are discussing today's situation, no a situation of
the 18th or 17th century, and the blacks of today in South Africa are not in
the 18th century. Their aspirations are tied up in the situation as it is today
in the country and throughout the world, andthe blacks are in a position to
negotiate, compromise, and take part in a democratic system. I would like,
perhaps, to emphasize that the Swazis are more akin ta the Xhosas than the

58



JPRS*SSA~85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

TRADE WITH TAIWAN, CHILE REPORTED

Johannesburg MINING WORLD in English Sep 85 p 18

[Text]
“As efforts to discourage trade next ten years; a six year thermal
with South Africa intensify, power station project in Taichung;.a
South African exporters should be massive expansion of China Steel
looking to those countries with which Corporation’s production capacity to
we can claim particularly close and 2,4 million tons per year by 1988; a
cordial relations,’’ states John Bell, ten year project for modernisation of
managing director of export market the country’s communications sys-
development consultants, Breyer tems; a five year project for a mass
Development Services. transit system involving underground
Recently returned from one of his stations and tunnels.
regular market development visits,
Bell reports on two countries offer- Following his earlier visit to Chile,
ing immediate and specific potential Bell advised of massive mining
to South African exporters: Taiwan related projects, the cost of which
and Chile would be government guaranteed.
‘Taiwan is planning on spending “All purchases by both Taiwan
R30 billion on infrastructure projects and Chile.are in U.S. dollars,”’ ad-
which could provide consulting, con- vises Bell, ‘‘and given the extra-
struction and direct export oppor- ordinarily good relations between
tunities for many South African South Africa and the respective
firms,” he. advises, ‘‘and just five governments of each, we are concen-
projects alone will account for one- trating our efforts in these countries
» third of this amount.’ These include on behalf of clients of Breyer Deve-
‘a major hydroelectric scheme in lopment Services and we urge other
Mingtan to be developed over the exporters to do the same.”’
CSO: 3400/206

82



WOMEN SPIES HELPED GANG ATTACK ARMY BASE

Harare THE HERALD in English 11 Oct 85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

3400/208

BULAWAYO.

‘TWO women who helped
thelr. dissident boyfriends
to attack an army base
at Makaza, Tsholotsho,
were yestorday convicted
og assisting, harbouring
and falling to report tho
Presence of dissitents,

Janet Tshuma (28) anit
SIhongile Nivomo
pleaded guilty before ro-
gional magistrate Mr
Prittip Finch. ,

The two are married.

Evidence was that in
June five armed bandits
arrived at Mamimo, Vil-
lage, Tsholotsho. Tehuma
and Nkomo | give the

sbendits food, water ta

bath and binnkets, They
spent: the night in the
buch with thom.

‘The two also slept with’

members of the . para-
aitlitary force based at
Makaza,

On July 22 the same
five dissidents went to
tho homes of the two wo.
men and were fed ond

“given blankets,

Before leaving the gol-
lowing day the women
were assigned to visit:
their boyfriends at Ma-
Kava baso and check on
tho number of paramill-
tary force members,

The dissidents also
asked to fing out how
tho paramilitary members
were based, and to re-
port back,

(2d):

117

JPRS*SSA%85«110
8 November 1985

On July 24 Tshuma
and Nkomo went to Ma-
koza base, talked to thelr
boyfriends and loft with-
out ‘saying anything
about the bandits,

On thetr wry home
the womem mot 12
heavily armed disddents,
who included the five wha
had sssigned then
spy on Makaza base.

Tshums, ant Niko
briefed the handits sbout |
thelr findings. That night:
the women fed the gang
to Mokazn bose, The’
Aisstdents opened fre on
the soldiera and District
Development Fund em-
ployecs. who were hav
ing thetr supper.

After 80 minutes the
tisaldents advanced into
the base and stole five
riffes, a radio and an
army kit. Tshuma and
Nkomo helped — them
carry the loot through
the bush and were told
te go home, They Wd not
report the inecitent to
socurity forces,

Fvo members of the
paramilitary force and
two DBF employees were
serlously injured during:
the attack and are still
dn_hoapttal

Tshuma nant Nkomo
Were arrested on Sentem-
ber’ 12. They will be
sentenced today. Mr Jack
Bowen prosecuted,

ZIMBABWE



YUGOSLAV YOUTH TEAM ENDS TALKS

Harare THE HERALD in English 10 Oct 85 p 3

[Text]

CSO:

3400/208

‘A. VISETING Yugoslavian”

delegation and a Zanu
(PF) Youth League team:
have ended five days of
talks in: Harare about
putting young people to
work for socialism.

The four-member »dele-
gation from the Confer-
ence of the Union of

‘Soctalist Youth of Yugos-

lavia left Zimbabwe yes-
terday confident that
several areas of co-opera-
tion had been found. to
maintain contacts.

‘The president of the
union, Cde Stlivia Zugich-
Riyavels, sald discussions
with executive members
of the Zanu (PF) Youth
League had centred of
international affairs, ex-
change: of experience In
the operations of the two
prganisations, the role of
students and ideas for
future co-operation. The
talkg ended on Tuesday.

She said the union was
an independent organisa-
tion which was not affi-
Nated to the Communist,
Party of Yugoslavia or
any other body, It was a
“unique” soclal, political

120

. Ratidzo’ Kutsiral,

and educational organisa-
tion that tackled the pro-
blems of youth in that

country.

“Tt ig an organisation of
‘youth orlentated for a
socialist system. There
are programmds for re-
solving the important
issues in the social life of
the young people such as

employment and accom-,

modation problems.”

‘The organisation was
able to influence decision-
makers through its rep-

resentation in Parliament,

and other national bodics.

Cde Zugich « Riyaveis
said the organisation had
frequent exchanges with
developing countries and
there had been contact
with Zimbabweans from
the days of the indepen-
dence struggle. *

The Zimbabwean dele-
gates to the talks includ-
ed Cade John Madzinga,
the secretary for adminis-
tration in the Youth
League, Cde Kenneth
Bute, secretary for com-
missarlat and culture, Cde
secre-
tary for publicity and in-
formation, and Cde Chiis-
topher Chingwaru, secre-
tary for security.

JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

ZIMBABWE



JPRS*SSA*854110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ANC'S MOTIVES IN HOLDING TALKS DISCUSSED
MB210622 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 21 Oct 85

[Text] When it is taken into account that the African National Congress re-
fuses to renounce violence as a means of achieving its political objectives
in South Africa, then there must be a reason other than peaceful negotiation
for its willingness to hold discussions with visiting groups from South
Africa. And indeed, groups believing that by beating a path to Lusaka they
can contribute to solving South Africa's problems, should give careful con-
sideration to the ANC's motives.

Fact is that this organisation has one overriding goal: To build its image
inside and outside South Africa as an alternative government which--by its
own admission--wishes to achieve power through the barrel of a gun.

The ANC is a self-proclaimed revolutionary organisation. And its objectives
for South Africa are no secret: It wishes to enforce a Marxist/socialist
system on the population. As confirmed by at least one of the groups visiting
Lusaka, the ANC is not at all interested in participating in negotiations
aimed at providing fair and just protection for minority groups in the country.
Nelson Mandela has let it be known that the ANC is interested only in nego-
tiating on the issue of how power should be transferred to the organisation.

And even if certain members of the ANC were having second thoughts, it would
be impossible for the leadership to deviate from its revolutionary course.
In both ideology and leadership the ANC is influenced and manipulated by the
South African Communist Party--regarded as one of the parties most loyal to
the Soviet Union and its surrogates for financial support ‘and weapons.

Should visiting groups therefore wish to persuade the ANC to take part in the
democratic process in South Africa, a pilgrimage to Moscow would hold more
promise.

Communist organisations are great negotiators—-but only when it is to their
advantage. And these little chats they're holding with the South African
groups are extremely beneficial.

They provide public recognition for the ANC as a significant factor on the
political scene. This recognition the ANC already enjoys internationally.

27



JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

LIBERIA

ARMY STAFF CHIEF DUBAR ON ELECTION DAY BEHAVIOR
Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 11 Oct 85 pp 1, 6

[Text] The Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of Liberia, Lt/Gen. Henry S.
Dubar, has warned that "drastic actions" would be taken against any person
or group of persons who would attempt to disrupt the general elections on
October 15.

Speaking in an interview with the Liberia News Agency (LINA) yesterday,
General Dubar said military personnel would be placed at selected areas around
the country to arrest any individuals who attempt to create chaos and confus-
ion to discredit the electoral process.

He explained that the tents built in various communities would be used to
house soldiers assigned in these areas on elections day to protect the lives
and properties of citizens and foreign residents within Liberia's borders.

Commenting on the alleged beating of Unity Party senatorial candidate for
Bong County, Counsellor Francis Garlawolo, recently by military personnel, in
Totota, Bong County, Chief of Staff Dubar said he was informed of the ancident
by Mr. Garlawolo in a letter on October 8.

General Dubar said on the same day, he forwarded the complaint to the command-
ing general of the Armed Forces to "speedily" investigate the allegation and
submit the findings as well as recommendations to his office for appropriate
action. ,

19274
cso: 3400/265



CHURCHS' KAIROS DOCUMENT EXAMINED
Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 2 Oct 85 p 4

[Article in Focus column by Sam Mabe]

[Text]
THE already strained | Confused
| church/State rela-
tionship The document chal-
_ tionship could plum- lenges the “confused”

met'to an all-time low;

publication of Kairos
— a document giving
a critical analysis of
the political situation,
in South Africa.

The document, pro-,
duced by 151 theolo-

; gians and ministers,
could be the most radi-
cal document produced
by the church in this
country.

It challenges the legi-
timacy of the South Af-
rican Government _be-
cause of its- apartheid
policies and labels it the }
enemy of the people. It
advocates confronta-
tion, disobedience and
the promotion of justice,
— by the church — even’.
at the cost of creating:
“conflict, disunity and.
dissension” along the:
way. 4

use of the word vio-
lence; to describe the ac-
tivities of young people
in the townships and not
the “oppressive and
naked violence” of the
police and the army or
what apartheid in gene-
ral is doing to people.
The document asks:
“How can one condemn

all violence and then al-.

low young white males
to accept conscription
into the armed forces. Is
it because the activities
of the armed forces and
the police are counted as
defensive? Why are the

activities of young |

blacks in the townships
not regarded as defen-
sive?”

It says what one calls
“violence” and what one
calls “self-defence”
seems to depend on
which side one is on. It

42

JPRS*SSA885*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

| says that throughout the
Bible the word violence
is used to describe
‘everything done by a
? wicked oppressor. i

The document inter-
prets what Jesus meant
when He spoke of turn-
ing the other cheek. He
was saying people
‘should not take revenge;
not that they should not
defend themselves.

The document gives a
biblical definition of op-
pression as the expe-

| rience of being crushed,
degraded, humiliated,
impoverished, defraud-
ed, deceivedand
enslaved. Oppressors
are described as cruel,
ruthless, arrogant ,
dy, violent and ty-
: Fannical. _ And as the
enemy.

j - Moral

On the legitimacy of
| the South African Gov-
| ernment, the Kairos



JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

LIBERIA

SECOM ISSUES ELECTION DAY GUIDELINES
Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 11 Oct 85 p 8
[Article by Sam H. Johnson]

[Text ].: Government has. threatened to dismiss or execute any, soldier caught be-
having unruly or engaging in acts of atrocity during next Tuesday's general
elections.

The exact penalty to be meted out against rowdy soldiers will depend on the
gravity of their acts, according to a memorandum issued by the Armed Forces
of Liberia to ensure the orderly behaviour of soldiers during the elections.

The memorandum, made public, yesterday by the chairman of the Special Elec-
tions Commission (SECOM), Emmett Harmon, during a meeting representatives of
political parties, also states that soldiers voting during the elections will
do so in plain clothes and report back to their headquarters after casting
their votes.

The memorandum further prohibits the carrying of weapons of any kind by
soldiers within the vicinity of polling stations and order military personnel
to abstain from alcohol on the election day. wt

Adherence to the AFL memorandum is to be rigidly enforced by the Military
Police. A

In addition to these measures by the AFL, SECOM chairman Harmon said any
citizen found by his commission to be obstructing the election process on
that day would be immediately arrested, forfeit their voting rights and
prosecuted in keeping with the laws.

The commission also directed that all bars shops, nightclubs and other places
of entertainment be closed from 6. p.m. on the eve of the elections until 6
p.m. on the day of the elections.

This is to ensure there is no harassment or misbehaviour by any citizen on the
day of the elections," Mr. Harmon explained.

He warned that any entertainment center or nightclub found operating from the
eve of election till the next day will be closed and its proprietor arrested
and prosecuted. On the activities of party supporters, Mr. Harmon said can-
vassing, profanity and loitering around polling stations will not be tolerated.
Neither will his commission allow minors and insane persons in the vicinity of
the polling stations, Harmon said.

19274
CSO: 3400/265 2



JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CAPE BID FOR NEW EDUCATION SYSTEM
Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 27
[Article by Gaye Davis]

[Text]

IN what could prove to be a
significant demonstration of
political strength and have far-
reaching implications for edu-
cation, communities are en-
gaged in a _ grassroots
Movement aimed at gaining
control of their schools.

At meetings in the Peninsu-
la, on the Cape Flats and in the
Boland, parents, teachers and
pupils have been discussing al-
ternatives to an education sys-
tem perceived as unequal and
inferior, and administered by
politicians without a mandate.

The roots of this new-found
unity — it was not a notable
feature of the 1976 and 1980
schools boycotts — are embed-
ded in weeks of police action
against pupils engaged in
peaceful protest, fertilised by
the closure on September 6 of
more than 450 high and pri-
mary schools and colleges by
the Minister of Education and.
Culture, Mr Carter Ebrahim.

In a furious outcry, educa-
tors and community organisa-
tions condemned the move as

“arbitrary” and “autocratic”,

Why, they asked, had the de-
partment been silent for weeks
when n pupils were being sjam-
bokked and teargassed, if its
reason for closing the schools
was that the children’s safet;
could no longer be guaranteed?

Sep 85 p 17

36

Meetings were convened in
the Peninsula, the Cape Flats
and the Boland.

Describing Mr Ebrahim as
“a minister without a man-
date”, parents, teachers, pupils
and community organisations
rejected the idea of negotiating
with him to reopen the schools.

Instead, in a dramatic act of
defiance, hundreds of parents,
teachers and pupils tried to
open their schools for them-
selves 10 days later — a move
which saw 173 adults and chil-
dren arrested after fierce con-
frontations with police.

When the schools were offi-
cially opened again last week,
educators, parents and pupils
said they would decide when
the schools would re-open —
and most schools appeared de-
serted while revision classes
for matric pupils were held at
other venues this week.

What started as an act of so-
lidarity with boycotting pupils
in the Eastern Cape and the

/Vaal Triangle, organised

around a set of basic demands,

has turned into a broad-based
protest involving not only par-
ents, teachers and pupils but
also religious and community
leaders and various community
and political organisations.



There is some truth in the allegation that the Western parliamentary system
is not fully understood by all the citizens of this country. But, that is
to be expected as their experience of it is relatively short in historical
terms.

It is also true to say that those who died in the war of independence did not
sacrifice their lives to preserve white rule. In the latter stages, for exam-
ple, black rule had already been conceded. It was'a battle between democracy
and Marxism, and democracy was the sacrificial lamb at the final conference
table.

However, whatever the rights and wrongs of this latest episode, some things
are better left unsaid in the interest of racial harmony and tolerance.

/12232
CSO: 3400/224

116



[Robinson] But you do not want to talk about the options which you have your-
self excluded?

[Heunis] That is not correct. All parties have also excluded specific options
and others have kept their options open. Naturally, political parties have had
their standpoints debated. My party also has its standpoint.

[le Roux] Minister when will the Group Areas Act be placed on the table for
negotiation?

[Heunis] Very clearly, the Group.Areas Act is not part of the constitutional
development. My own standpoint is very simple, I think, and that is namely that
we want to develop a democratic system for this country. Second, it is very
clear that we cannot design a model based on the European or North American
models. All the politicians in the country say that we, in the light of these
unique circumstances, should find unique solutions. The uniqueness that demands
this is the composition of the country's population, and:the different levels
of development. Therefore, the constitutional dispensation should reflect the
differences, but what that specific model should be like is the basis of nego-
tiation. Again, the standpoints people hold in this country~-and it is a
common standpoint--is that in this country there should be protection for
minority groups. That definite acceptance implies that groups should be de-
fined, the minority should be defined, the majority groups against whom minori-
ties should be protected should be defined.

[le Roux]. Minister, we realize that, but is it nonnegotiable? Is the Group
Areas Act nonnegotiable or are you going to make it negotiable?

[Heunis] The fact is that the president has taken a standpoint that the Group
Areas Act principles will continue to exist. Let me tell you immediately that
we must also keep in mind that the areas people live, where they function, are
part of the legal areas of specific institutions. Let me give you an example.
There are legal areas local. management authorities for all the groups. There
are institutions responsible for those areas and they represent components, for
example, of Presidents’ councils which are full extensions of local authority
systems.

[le Roux] Minister, to what degree are the systems you have indicated them~
selves the result of negotiation?’ Or are these prescriptive systems?

[Heunis]* Naturally, the total system of which I am speaking of local authori-
ties is a negotiated system. There is a coordinating council for local authori-
ties where all the groups are represented: All these groups have unanimously
recommended, for example, regional service councils. They have unanimously
accepted the proposals on how they are to be composed. So it is the product

of negotiation.

[Kleynhans] Minister, are you telling us that the steps we have seen so far
are already the product of negotiation?

[Heunis] Naturally, the whole constitutional dispensation we are now experienc-
ing and which was implemented last year was also the result of negotiation with

15



JPRS*SSA*854110
8 November 1985

RATSIRAKA SEES GROMYKO--Malagasy president Didier Ratsiraka continued his
foreign tour which began in France on September 19 and included a meeting
with President Francois Mitterrand and new defence minister Paul Quiles,

by going on to Moscow, where he had talks on September 30 with the Soviet
hedd of state Andrei Gromyko. He did not meet the secretary-general of the
Soviet Communist party, Mikhail Gorbachev, who was however in Moscow at

the same time before leaving for France. According to the Soviet news
agency Tass, the Gromyko-Ratsiraka talks took place "in a friendly atmos-
phere"; the Malagasy president said that his country "supports totally the
Soviet Union's constructive and peaceful initiatives" and "condemns the
American militaristic star wars projects." Tass said the two leaders
stressed the need to "continue to improve Soviet-Malagasy co-operation on a
long-term and mutually advantageous basis. After his visit to Moscow the
Malagasy president went on to China, arriving on October 2. I.0.N.--It
seems that the Soviet Union's main concern in inviting Didier Ratsiraka

to Moscow was to obtain his support for the Soviet position in advance of
the meeting between Mr Gorbachev and United States president Ronald Reagan.
Moscow needs all the support it can get from Third World countries in this
respect. It is not known if President Ratsiraka was given any military

or economic aid in return for his backing. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN
NEWSLETTER in English 5 Oct 85 p 2]

LIBYA'S KUNG FU COMMENT--Salem Ali Salem, the Libyan ambassador, or secretary
of the People's Bureau, in Antananarivo, commented somewhat ambiguously on

a leaflet signed by the bureau and circulating in the Malagasy capital

which said in particular: "The supreme head of the Malagasy state has
committed before the dumfounded world two serious political faults in trying
to use the kung-fu adepts for the dirty deeds of executing political opponents,
then murdering the young kung-fu fighters on their refusal to co-operate."
Analysts in Anatananarivo consider the leaflet to be a forgery, but Mr Salem,
speaking on September 23, did not formally deny it. He merely said, "We are
only trying to help the peoples who really want to retain their sovereignty."
[Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 5 Oct 85 p 2]

csO: 3400/214

10



"Menace' Produced

More Work for Bigger Foundry
Stop Senseless Killing

Unrest Equipment Arrives

Black Police Force Funds

AWB Chief Heckled

ANC Rejects New Botha Offer

SWAZILAND

BBC Interviews Swazi Opposition Group Leader
(BBC World Service, 11- Oct 85) wsessescceceecceceeseccees

Paper Explains Loss ‘of Power of Liqoqgo
(THE ‘SWAZI NEWS, 12 Oct 85) weccccsceccecceccscrsccescves

ZAIRE

Briefs
Military Cooperation Accord With France

ZIMBABWE

U.S. Seen as Committing Terrorism in 'Hijacking' Plane
(Editorial; THE HERALD, 14 Oct 85) ssscsecccescoeccvereee

Smith's Remarks in BBC Interview Considered Treasonable
(Editorial; THE HERALD, 12 Oct 85) ...seseceeees

Radio Truth Comments on Smith's Remarks on BBC
(Radio Truth in English to Zimbabwe, 15 Oct 85) ...eeevee

Women Spies Helped Gang Attack Army Base
(THE HERALD, 11 Oct 85) cescecscececccecccecsccerscseeces

Forces Kill Three Armed Rebels
(THE CITIZEN, 18 Oct 85) wcccccccecccccenccceeccceesesere

Aid Protocol Signed With Paris

(Andrew Rusinga; THE HERALD, 10 Oct 85) ...eceeesevececes

Yugoslav Youth Team Ends Talks
(THE HERALD, 10 Oct 85) sesesececceececceeccceeracaseses

Local Company Proposes Silk Venture With DPRK
(THE HERALD, 10 Oct 85) secevcececeecescececcecescecseees

1985-86 Program Provides for Electrification of Communities
(G. Evans; SADCC ENERGY III, Aug-Sep-Oct 85). ceccvccceeee

-e-

104
105
105
105
106
106
106
107

109

110

111

113

115

117

118

119

120

121

122



JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

NYATARI DAM OPENED--Nyatari Dam, built at a cost of $793 000 was officially
commissioned by the Minister of Energy, Water Resources and Development,
Cde Kumbirai Kangai, in Zaka yesterday. The dam, which was built with
funds from the Dutch government, will provide a long-term and reliable
water source for Zaka and Jerera rural townships. Building started in
October 1983 and ended last year. The dam is 15 metres high and maximum
water depth of 12 metres. Engineering and contractual work were all done
by the Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Development. Cde Kangai
urged people living around the dam to practise good soil conservation
methods to avoid premature siltation. A grant of $90 000 also from the
Dutch government, had been reserved for a 1 0003 clear water concrete

rise reservoir at Jerena. "Construction of the reservoir has started and
it is expected to be completed at the end of next month," Cde Kangai

said. The reservoir would be gravity-fed from the Zaka storage reservoir
and will supply water for Jerera growth point. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD
in English 10 Oct 85 p 5]

BANANA CONGRATULATES GDR--President Banana and the Acting Prime Minister,
Cde Simon Muzenda, have sent congratulatory telegrams to the secretary-
general of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany and chairman of the council
of state of the German Democratic Republic, Cde Erich Honecker, for the
GDR's 36th anniversary of independence. Cde Muzenda, who is second secre~
tary and vice-president of Zanu (PF), said the GDR had in 36 years "made
impressive gains in the socio-economic sphere as well as in safeguarding
its independence. "We in Zimbabwe appreciate your active support for the
liberation struggle in Southern Africa as well as your assistance in the
process of the consolidation of the Frontline States' hard-won independence."
Said Cde Banana: "I take this opportunity to reaffirm the earnest wish

of my Government and of the people of Zimbabwe for continued understanding
and fraternity between our two countries." [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in
English 8 Oct 85 p 5]

MASVINGO GOVERNOR CRITICIZES OFFICERS--The Government cannot continue to
condone black officers' incompetence on the grounds of inexperience, the
Governor of Masvingo, Senator Dzikamai Mavhaire said yesterday. Opening
a week-long Post and Telecommunications Workers' Union leaders course,

the governor said dishonesty and incompetence found among some officers
were negating Government policy of black advancement. He urged them to

128



JPRS*SSA*85~¥110
8 November 1985

BLACK POLICE FORCE FUNDS--Nearly 25 million rands has been allocated to black
local authorities for the formation of their own muni¢ipal police forces. The
amount of the fund has been announced by the minister -of constitutional devel-
opment and planning, Chris Heunis, at a passing-out ‘parade for municipal police
near Zeerust. Mr Heunis has warned the newly trained police that they will
probably become symbolic targets in the violence in the townships. The munici-
pal police are being trained to fulfill what he called’a supplementary role to
the South African Police. [Text] [Umtata Capital Radio in English 1400 GMT

18 Oct 85 MB] :

AWB CHIEF HECKLED-~Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging leader Eugene Terre'blanche
addressed a lively audience of about 1 000 in the Stellenbosch Town Hall

on Wednesday night, fewer than half of them AWB supporters. Hundreds of
Stellenbosch University students dressed in velskoene and "Boer" hats,
swamped the meeting and heckled the speaker. Terre'’blanche slated the
tricameral parliament, declaring it against God's will to share power with
"Mohammedans and Hindus." He called for the reestablishment of the old Boer
Republics of the Transvaal and Orange Free State.--Sapa [Text] [Johannes-
burg BUSINESS DAY in English 4 Oct 85 p 4]

ANC REJECTS NEW BOTHA OFFER--The African National Congress totally rejected
in a statement on October 1 the suggestion put forward by President Pieter
Botha the day before that blacks should be given a place on the advisory
President's Council which has the role of suggesting solutions to problems
on which the three-chamber parliament cannot agree. Mr Botha also said he
was in favour of a "united South Africa and a universal. franchise" but he
ruled out a system of "one man, one vote" and indicated that the country's
racial group structure would be maintained in the form of a type of federa-
tion based on racial and geographic lines. Washington welcomed President
Botha's latest proposals, but even so President Ronald Reagan announced the
same day that the import of South African Krugerrands into the United
States would be banned from October 11. For its part, the British govern-
ment finally decided to go along with the limited sanctions adopted by

the nine other countries of the European Economic Community against South
Africa and announced it was withdrawing its two military attaches from its
embassy in Pretoria. [Text] [Patis THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English
5 Oct 85 p 5]

CSO: 3400/188

106



as the fact that there is violence on both sides. To touch the last one
first; there seems to me to be an inherent contradiction in government saying
that it demands that ‘the ANC renounces violence before it is willing to talk
to them because the government itself at the moment is. retaining control of
the country only by extreme violence. So we have got it: Both sides at the
moment are advocating and using violence to achieve their ends. As regards
popularity, "Let South Africa Speak," for instance, which is 8, 9 weeks old
at the moment, at the moment we are already distributing and have been for
several weeks now more than 10,000 manifestos a week, purely in response to
demand. It started with a trial marketing survey of 100 by a group of Cape Town
businessmen on 14 August and the numbers quickly leaped to 2,000 a week, then
to.7,000 and steadily now 10,000 a week.

[Doig] James, accepting the fact that there is a response, I would like to
question you here on your actual manifesto. One of the comments that you
make is: We must teach our leaders how to lead. There is no reference, how-
ever, to any real issues, and there seems to be‘a certain naivete in your
approach. What actually is your issue?

[Baigrie] The issue that we are addressing is the fact that in this country
at the moment no one can genuinely say, I don't think, that they have a edu~
cated political opinion, The reason is quite simple. We are not enabled, we
are not allowed, to hear the political opinions that are held by the leaders
who claim to represent large groups of people within the country.

[Doig] Which leaders are you referring to? Who would you nominate as our
leaders?

[Baigrie] We have government leaders. We have [words indistinct] and it is
all very well for Deputy Minister Miller to talk about being at war with the
ANC and later on to link them with the United Democratic Front [UDF] that when
the UDF has a rally it produces tens of thousands of people who are South
Africans. So if he is at war with the ANC and the UDF, he is at war with
South Africa, and that is a tragic situation to be in, and particularly, then,
not to allow-the nation what the issue is by allowing us to hear what the UDF
or what the ANC are actually proposing. Let us hear their solutions. Let us
see the leaders proposing these solutions and then we will be able, perfectly
easily, to decide for ourselves whether we want those solutions whether we want
those leaders to help us to come through this particular-stage in our history.

[Doig] You would like to make a point, Irma?

[Xenopoulos] Yes, I would like to follow up on that. We are often told that
most of the leaders are in jail or they are detained, so there is nobody free
to speak. It is true that many more people could come forward to speak and
the survey which "Women. for Peace" did was an attempt to hear what the people
are saying because communication with the blacks in townships have been very
much cut off, and black people are seen to be very confused themselves politi-
cally. They are afraid to say what they feel. They are afraid to come out
with what they feel. They are intimidated from both sides and what we got here
was a very clear call for many things. And I must point out that this survey

65



[Robinson] One such leader, sir, is Chief Buthelezi, and he is also one who
has rejected the fourth chamber of parliament. But it does not seem that
talks between him and the government are getting started, and he is possibly
one of the most important black leaders in South Africa.

[Heunis] It depends on what you mean by talks with Chief Buthelezi. In the
nature of things, and in the nature of his responsibility and the nature of
my own responsibility for the political development of black communities, it
goes without saying that we have to talk with one another from time to time.

[Kleynhans] Sir, one last question, then we have to end. How do you feel
about the problems outside government with the marketing of the government's
positions? There is a general feeling that the government is not succeeding
in selling its reforms, its positions.

[Heunis] Well, you have to accept one thing, and that is that there will be
problems because it is only where people see institutions functioning and

they actually take their place as functionaries that the message can be gotten
across. It is very difficult to get a message to communities which have not
yet seen the institutions developed or, in operation. I would like to suggest
to you that the same applied to the constitutional dispensation which is now
operating. Before that, and before it was implemented, it was difficult to
propagate it. Now the institutions are propagating themselves. I believe
that once the regional service councils start functioning, they will propagate
themselves. I believe when a new second level system is developed and is put
into operation, the same will happen. Unfortunately, we in politics have to
work under the disadvantage that people accept ideas only when they have been
given physical shape. Before that it remains difficult.

/12232
CSO: 3400/223

20



He called for the cooperation of the public in arresting such persons, adding,
"counterfeit notes are wide-spread in our country today".

Col. Massaquoi said after thorough investigation by the police, culprit Monwu
would be turned over to the Ministry of Justice for prosecution.

According to Chairman Massaquoi, the co-chairman of the Joint-Security Com-
mission, Mr. Bangalay Saysay and Lt. Col. Sam Kamara of the National Police
Force are heading the investigation team.

19274
CSO: 3400/266



"I think that position is perfectly straightforward. If people today are fac-
ing bullets, no one should fear that if the apartheid system is attacked, those
people would lose their jobs. They are losing their lives. And as far as this
business of our suffering is concerned, there is nothing we can suffer from
[word indistinct]. We are suffering more than we are doing from'the apartheid
system, Nothing. Unemployment runs into millions as far as Africans are con-
cerned. The (?heart) of that is precisely the apartheid system itself.

"So, it is nothing new [words indistinct]. What would be new [words indistinct]
sanctions were employed is that the white supporters of the regime would be
thrown out of work because firms would close down. They would be out of work.
They are the government. [Words indistinct] government does their jobs by the
million. But the regime would care if whites lost their jobs by the thousands
or even by the hundreds, if hundreds were thrown out of work as a result of
sanctions. They would want to do something about that.. [Words indistinct]

this regime could not hold out, not if-~as must be the case--if we are stepping
up our own struggle [words indistinct]." [revolutionary song]

The ANC maintains that the Botha-Malan:[word indistinct] regime can no longer
govern in the same old way, and that the balance of forces has tipped in favor
of the revolutionary forces led by the ANC. But how strong are the forces of
revolution? How far are they from bringing about revolutionary change instead
of the petty reforms proposed by the Botha. regime.

"Well, the apartheid system has been a solid, unchanging--unchangeable--struc—
ture. The regime did not even attempt to put a new face on the apartheid sys~
tem, let alone repeal laws which were enacted when the apartheid system was
being consolidated. Our struggle aims not at reforming it, dismantling it
[words indistinct].

"Now how far we are from achieving that objective is not easy to say. But
these so-called reforms, however meaningless they are--and they are meaning-
less--the regime (?has) to consider what it calls reforms as a result of the
growing strength of our struggle. It finds that it can't rule in the old way.
It must find a new way to rule. That is why now Botha is changing the system,
but his language is beginning to change. Which means he is no longer holding
on to the idea that apartheid will never change. He accepts the idea of it is
going to change somewhere. But (?he wants) to try and survive for as long as
is possible. So, the issue for him is survival.

"Tf we can survive for 10 years, he will try and survive for 10 years, if for
50 then 50 years. That is his strategy. It is a strategy of survival. Our
strategy is the strategy to destroy in the shortest possible time. [Passage in-
distinct]

"As I say, Botha is now talking about a united South Africa. He has never
spoken about a united South Africa. He is using the language of the ANC, al-
though he means something else. [Words indistinct] come so far as to identify
the reality that the country someday is going to be one country, not so many
bantustans. If he is talking about a common citizenship, he is abandoning a
position that he had taken, that the blacks don't belong to South Africa. That

25



EXPORT SALES TO AFRICA INCREASE

JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY (Supplement) in English 23 Sep 85 p 1

[Text]

“DESPITE the current
political climate, exports
fo the rest of Africa are

booming.
In the first half of this
yer the rand value of
hese exports was 94,5%
up on the first six months
of last year at R826,9m.
While there is no doubt
that a hefty chunk of the
increase is merely a re-
flection of a weaker rand,
the SA Foreign Trade Or-
ganisation (Safto) ts
at sales of goods to
neighbouring territories
have definitely in-
creased,
Surrounding states
have enjoyed reasonably
ood rainfall, which has
joosted both domestic
demand and foreign ex-
change earnings, and
they are spending a slice
of this money on SA
goods. If the trend contin-
ues exports to Africa
contd be as high as R2bn
this year.
The increase is heart-

cso: 3400/206

ening as exports had
dropped since 1980. Not
that African states make
any bones about their dis-
taste for dealing with us.
Safto manager Jean-
Pierre Caffin says all the
countries to the north
have no diplomatic links
and “constantly state
their opposition to apart-
heid. There is no hypocri-
y in their trading with
. The so-called Frontline
states have failed to less-
en their dependence on
SA, as are seeking to
do through the Southern
African Development Co-
ordinating Council
(saDcc). The group,
formed in 1980, meet
regularly to discuss ways
of reducing dependence,
but it seems the econom-
‘ic powerhouse that is SA
so dominates. the region
that they have little suc-

cess.
Indeed, despite Pre-
mier Robert Mugabe’s

call for sanctions, SA re-
mains Zimbabwe's
largest trading partner.
Members of the SA cus-
toms Union — Botswana,
Swaziland and Lesotho as
well as the TBVC coun-
tries — are in effect ex-
tensions of the SA eco-
nomy.

Caffin says the coun-
tries of Africa need man-
ufactured goods. The only

ssible constraint on

ade is not political but
financial. In addition, the
logistics of the situation
are too hard to ore.

e transport costs in-
volved in buying from SA
are minimal relative to
the alternative of ship-
ment from overseas.

‘Trade figures last year
show that SA supplies
99% of Lesotho’s imports,
91% of Swaziland’s and
88% of. Botswana’s.

Exports to Africa in-
clude food, agricultural
and mining equipment,
chemicals, low hno-

94

logy tools and basic ne-
cessities. And while the
market may still be rela-
tively small in overall
terms — it accounted for
7% of total non-gold mer-
chandise ex) —itisa
market that is not depen-
dent on our primary pro-
ducts and thus represents
a healthy broadening of
our export base.

It is also likely to be
the market which has the
most long-term growth
potential. Indeed, it has

ome very important
to some industries al-
ready. Latest figures in-
dicate it accounts for al-
most half of our
machiner: exports,
around 40% of chemical
ex and just over
10% of processed food ex-
ports.

Inevitably, the strong
reliance of the region on
SA’s transport infrastruc-
ture should prevail above
political considerations.



economic to produce the gas we have
found in the Mossel Bay area and
convert it into fuel.

The areas which are most disap-
pointing are those off the coasts of
Ciskei, Transkei and the southern
portion of the Natal coast. These

areas have a narrow Continental '

Shelf, almost bare of sediments.

How many people are involved in
Soekor’s exploration programme?

We employ some 350 people and
these include about 60 geologists and
geophysicists. In addition there are
several contractors. For instance a rig
has 40 people working per shift and
there are two shifts being worked, so
you have 160 people on the two rigs
alone. Then there are other contrac-
tors operating diving equipment,
work boats, helicopters, cementing
equipment, downhole surveying
equipment, etc.

Seismic surveying is carried out
under contract, so is the processing
of seismic results. The latter work is
carried out abroad and our own
people monitor the processing.

We also employ contractors for
shooting off the well-head after a
hole has been drilled. This well-head
is a large piece of metal protruding

Dr P.J. van Zijl was born at
Gouda in 1926, and grew up in the
Western Cape where he matricu-
lated at Piquetberg and graduated
from Stellenbosch University in
1946. He worked as a geologist in
the Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Zambia
and South West Africa, and join-
ed Soekor at its start in 1965 as
chief geologist. He became general
manager in 1975 and managing
director in 1977.

from the sea-floor. It has to be
removed as it may prove to be a
hazard to fishing nets dragged on or
just above the sea-floor.

87

Today we are self-sufficient, in the
main. South Africa even has South
African-trained drillers working over-
seas such as those based in Cape
Town and working in South
America, the North Sea or the Far
East. They usually work ona 28-day
on 28-day off schedule, and they go
almost anywhere in the world today.

Initially, Soekor relied heavily on im-
Ported expertise. Is this still the case?

We still employ an overseas con-
sulting geologist, but in the main we
rely on our own expertise. In the
beginning we were inundated with
consultants. If we started to produce
&as or oil, we would in the beginning
again have to rely on imported know-
how.

‘Would an economically viable find of
oil or gas be equally welcome?

No, we would rather find oil than
gas. If you find oil, all you have to
do is bring it ashore by tanker or
pipeline and process it in existing oil
refineries. Gas would have to be con-
verted into a liquid fuel in a new gas
conversion plant, which then is in
fact the equivalent of a new refinery.

What would be the costs involved in
establishing a viable field and how
large would it have to be for explora-
tion to be?

If we produced gas offshore at

Mossel Bay say, brought it ashore

and converted it into a liquid fuel, I

would say that the project would cost

the country about R3 000 000 000.

Such a gas-field would have to be of
the order of one trillion c.ft. of.
reserves, drawing 150 000 000 c.ft. of
gas from it, per day, and the project

would have to have a life of 20 years

to make it economically viable.

As far as oil is concerned a small
field, or several small fields worked
together, would be a viable proposi-
tion. A small oil field of 30 to 50



JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

LIBERIA

COOPERATION WITH CHINA DETAILED
Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 1 Oct 85 pp 5-6
[Article by G. Kparcon Nardo]

[Text] Liberia and the People's Republic of China established diplomatic
ties in 1977.

The two Third World countries, in a genuine effort to concretize their rela-
tions, signed an economic and technical cooperation in 1978 providing for the
Chinese government's assistance to Liberia in various fields.

China-Liberia relations gained momentum following the April 12, 1980 Revolu-
tion with the visit of Head of State CIC Dr. Samuel K. Doe to China in May
1982, and a subsequent visit to Liberia in 1984 by the Chinese Vice Primier
{name indistinct] Jiyuan.

In his report to the nation from the Afro-Asian-Arab shuttle on May 17, 1982,
Dr. Doe asserted: "considering the continued cooperation we have received
from the People's Republic of China, we can confidently state that this nation
has certainly proven to be a friend of our country in general and our govern-
ment in particular."

At a banquet held in honour of the Liberian Leader in Peking during his visit
to China, Chinese Primier Zao Ziyang had said: "It is pleasing to note that
as in its relations with other developing countries, the People's Republic of
China has demonstrated a keen sense of sincerity in its dealings with Liberia."

With these frank exchange of thoughts between the leaders of the two nations,
Chinese assistance to Liberia, as spelt out under an accord signed in 1978,
has diversified in post revolutionary Liberia.

Among several on-going and completed projects undertaken by the Chinese govern-
ment are the multi-million dollars Liberia National Sports complex now nearing
completion in Paynesville, Monrovia, and the Chinese Medical Team providing

medical services at the Liberia Government Hospital in Tubmanburg, Bomi County.

The Liberia National Sports complex covering 41.64 acres is one of 19 stadia
constructed by the Chinese government in 19 countries during the last 13 years.



CSO:

rice against the weaken-
fe dollar. This did not;
happen, further strength-
ening the belief that the
metal is no longer the
number one means of as-
set diversification.

Coal began its export
climb late in 1983, when
SA coal sellers started to
invade the traditional
Australian hunting
grounds of the Pacific
rim countries.

This campaign was
further assisted by the
proton ed strike of New

uth Wales railways and
dockyard workers, leav-
ing many Australian cus-
tomers without supplies
and easy targets for SA
suppliers.

Copper sales appear
buoyant, with Holcom
Commodity Brokers not-
ing that a cluster of bull-
ish newsbreaks fuelled
London Metals Exchange
copper prices to their
highest point during the
second quarter in mid-
May when values mo-
mentarily breached
£1 250.

Indications are that
copper should experience
a Steady demand for the
remainder of 1985.

3400/206

azoofttttion MINERAL SALES

1982

Copper

In the 12 months to De-
cember 1984, SA exported
112 156_tons of C
worth Ri98m. The first
three months to March of
the current year 37228
tons worth R88m have
been exported.

On an annualised basis
this would indicate a 32%
increase in volume and a
78% rise in revenue,

Latest figures from the

Department of Mineral
and Energy Affairs show
a monthly export volume

93

1983 1984
[Wy TOTAL INCLUDING GOLD 1985
TOTAL EXCLUDING GOLD

Scale: Semi-Logarithmic

March

of 13326 tons, worth
R31 .

.

Iron ore remains some- *
what in the dumps, with
11,9-million tons being
sold in 1984 for R241,8m,
falling behind schedule to
2,5-million tons worth
R66,8m in the first quar-
ter of the current year.

The statistics show a
continuation of a de-
crease in tons sold, to
812 072 tons in one month
yolume but with revenue,
increased by the fallin;
exchange rate, up ai
R25,9m.



JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

EXPORT GROWTH THREATENED BY HOSTILITY TOWARD SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY (Supplement) in English 23 Sep 85 pp 1, 10

[Article by Matthew White]

[Text]

DESPITE statistics
which show an excellent:
current export perform-
ance, international hostil-
ity towards South Africa,
engendered by apartheid,
is exerting a Strong noga-
tive influence and imper-
ils future fom

Wim Holtes, chief
executive of the SA
Foreign Trade Organisa-
tion (Safto) told Business
Day that an increasing ;
number of the its mem- :
bers are reporting the
cancellation of contracts. ©

“In some cases, trade |
unions are making it dif-
ficult for overseas buy-
ers. We expect cancella-
tions to increase in the
immediate future,” he
said.
Heinz Bauer, manager
of international trade de-
velopment at UAL Mer- |
chant Bank, told Busi-
ness Day on his return
from a recent visit to the |
Far East and Austra-*
lia: “The pressure on in- °
ternational business not
to trade with South,
Africa is intense.”

He urges exporters to
adopt a different ap-:
proach to get around boy- |
ns (see report on page *

Expectation is now
widespread that the ef- +
fects of strong anti-SA
feeling will make an in-
creasing impact and that,
where importers can buy '
comparative products
elsewhere at little or no

remium, SA will receive
least-favoured-nation .
wea ihe ight f this

of this, peo-
pe involved in foreign

‘ade see the need for a
long-term strategy to
counter the tide of ani-:
mosit

ity.
Firstly, South African
exporters must start
ding a reputation as
reliable suppliers of high- -
quality, competitive
goods and services,
Said Holtes: “In the
longer term, perhaps:

better price will speak
for itself” pear
Indeed, most observers

agree that if SA can con-,
sistently deliver poods of
the right et ity and:
price, likely to.
outweigh all other con- '
siderations. In this re-'
fs, the imposition of -
imited sanctions is seen

by many to be more bark :

in bite. 4

98

According to export
consultant John Bell of
Breyer Development Ser-
vices, sanctions are un-
likely to have a serious
effect on exports of high
quality goods.

“A great deal of our
business lies with coun-
tries that don’t officially
trade with SA. For exam-

le, my company has just

en involved in a major
; contract for military :
| equipment with an Asian -
country,” he said.

On a strategy level he
believes SA has the la- ;
bour, raw materials and :
a_ favourable currency
situation from which to
export and it doesn’t need

| further assistance from

; government. Rather, he

suggests government

qrgud keep a low pro-
le”.

There appears to be a
| high degree of unanimity
| on this point, with few
| people seeing govern-
| ment as an asset in the
| drive to develop markets.
' It is feared any up-front

effort to promote South
) Africa on an official level

might well prove coun-

ter-productive.



Since his claims are mere slander and the rantings of an ingrate, we must sin-
cerely state that while reconciliation is a plausible police, it would be the
height of folly to make it an absolute principle to be applied in all cases of
conflict or dissension.

Smith's outbursts should be regarded as a hostile act bordering on treason.

We know that anti-communism to which Smith gives full reign is the religion
of the bourgeoisie in defence of a system which allows the exploitation of
man by man.

Yet the people must be avenged. This will not be done by hanging Smith and
his followers, but by implementing with relentless vigour the principles of
socialism and destroying in the process the capitalist paradise for whose de-
fense Smith and his supporters mercilessly murdered thousands of patriotic
Zimbabweans.

His comments on Zimbabwe today indicate just how out of touch with reality
Mr Smith is. Zimbabweans are aware of it. And so are informed Britons.

But it is certain that he will have left a good many British viewers a very
jaundiced view of Zimbabwe. This is always a danger when one-time leaders
continue to live in the past hankering after long-lost glories that were only
theirs.

/12232
SO: 3400/224

114



{Murphy] Even on an informal basis you still do not feel that "jaw, jaw" is
better than "war, war"? :

[Mabuza] On an informal basis, I think it. is the duty of John citizen, black
or white, to talk informally but on a formal basis... [Murphy interrupts]

{Murphy] In that case’why aren't you doing so?

[Mabuza] Well, I advocate dialogue at grassroots level between all the popu-
lation groups of the country, but the basis of that dialogue is the recognition
of the human dignity of the black man. But as long as one population group
regards the other population group on’a basis of them and us, then there can be
no meaningful dialogue. The state president can shout aloud wherever he is or
whatever his good intentions may be, but if at grassroots level, there is still
a latent (?bustup) relationship then there will be that animosity. There will
always be that mistrust and as far as communication dialogue is concerned.

[Murphy] But you obviously are a believer in dialogue in spite of what you have
just said. That being the case and the fact that we must have trust in our
joint future together, what do you see as being your role in a future South
Africa?

[Mabuza] Well, I see my role as promoting dialogue if it is viable for as
long as I can make success or inch my way forward in the promotion of dialogue
in bringing about peaceful change. But I must say that each day I do that, I
déspair because there hasn't been a positive response from the authorities.

[Murphy] Chief minister, I hope despair is not the keynote of this discussion.
The very fact that we have got together, the fact we are opening each other's

mind, I regard as positive, and I hope you would feel the same way. Thank you
very much indeed for joining us this evening.

[Mabuza] Thank you.

/12232
cso: —3400/223

61



IJPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY DISCUSSES WESTERN AID, SANCTIONS
MB220953 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 22 Oct 85
[Station commentary: "Sanctions and the West"]

{Text] African states should take careful note of the warning issued by the
United States that they should not approach the United States hat in hand once
the effects of the sanctions campaign against South Africa is felt in those
states. The warning came at a time when the sanctions cry against South
Africa was reaching fever pitch at the Commonwealth Conference in the Bahamas.
The obvious reason for this is that in the past number of years there has been
growing opposition in the West to providing developing countries with mere
handouts.

The West has become sick and tired of providing huge amounts of aid in support
of the political vendettas of African states and it has become tired of pouring
aid down a bottomless African pit of economic ineptitute.

Western spokesmen have declared repeatedly that they do not mind providing
assistance if it is directed toward African states' standing on their own feet.
In any event, it is impossible for the West to compensate adequately for the
effects of sanctions on the states of southern Africa. Not only are most of
these black states totally dependent on South Africa for many vital products,
but South African transport roots are essential for their exports.

It is for these reasons that the West is encouraging an economic policy of
interdependence in southern Africa. It is for these reasons too that the
Nkomati Accord between South Africa and Mozambique is widely praised in
Western circles.

A telling example of Western attitudes toward economic cooperation in southern
Africa was given some 2 years ago. At that time, relations between South
Africa and Lesotho were at an all time low. Questioned about this, the project
director of the World Bank, Mr (Jose Bronzeman), indicated that if relations
between South Africa and Lesotho did not improve, the World Bank would withdraw
from the Highlands Water Project. The point to make is that the more there

is a deterioration of relations between South Africa and her neighbors, the
more reluctant the West becomes to invest in neighboring states because of

the erosion of stability.

Like it or not, economically South Africa and her neighbors are in the same
boat. Should that boat be rocked, all are in trouble but they will be the ones
to go down first. Rhodesia survived sanctions for some 14 years. Compared with
Rhodesia, South Africa is an economic giant.

/12232 67
csO: 3400/223



JPRS*SSA*85+110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES OF BOTHA'S LEADERSHIP AFTER 7 YEARS

Cape Town WEEKEND ARGUS in English 28 Sep 85 p 17

{Article by Frans Esterhuyse]

[Text]

SEVEN years ago — on Sep-
tember 28, 1978 — Mr P W Bo-
tha took over the reins of go-
vernment in South Africa.

His six years as Prime Min-
ister and one as executive
State President have been
marked by astonishing political
change, but equally by tension
and turmoil.

The question now is whether

there have been tensions, un-
rest, mounting world criticism,
serious economic problems and

increasing racial and political

polarisation. «

The irony is that Mr Botha
lias probably done more than
any other Nationalist leader.to
bring about reform, at the cost
even of splitting his party.

he has reached the end of the Crucial
reform road. Has he painted
himself into a corner? And if moments

so, who will take over when he
steps out?

On January 12 next year he!
will celebrate his 70th birthday
and look back otf‘a political ca-
reer of half a century which
saw the rise and decline of |
apartheid. ‘ 1

He played a key role in
erecting the system — and in
trying to demolish it.

Few, if any, of his predeces-
sors could have faced problems
as formidable and seemingly
insurmountable.

His main achievement has
been the tri-cameral parlia-
mentary system, to accommo-
date.the Indian and coloured
groups. But because of its ex-
clusion of blacks it appears to
have brought more trouble
than good. From its outset

12

But his hesitation on key is-
sues at crucial moments, as
most pointedly marked by his
disappointing Rubicon speech,
is a major flaw in his leader-
ship. Much as he has done to
bring ‘about reform, more and
more people are beginning to
wonder whether he is the man
to see it through.

For while hesitates, the
problems simply grow bigger
and bigger.

Violence and unrest contin-
ue; police and troops remain in
troubled townships; the state of
emergency in large parts of
South Africa remains in force;
and a dear price is being exact-
ed in the form of ‘a declining
rand and worsening interna-
tional relations.



DURATION OF EXPORT BOOM ANTICIPATED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY (Supplement) in English 23 Sep 85 pl

[Article by John Tilston]

[Text]

NOT sincé the heady days
of 1980 when the dollar-
price of gold hit record
levels have SA's. exports
performed so well.

In the first seven
months of this year SA’s
total export receipts
reached R19,28bn, and
some economic forecast-
finuatog of this spectac:

inuation is c-
ular performance for at
least the next three
years.

These figures reflect
the situation before poli-
tical events overtook eco-
nomic fundamentals in
determining the course of
the economy. The effect
on trade of fhe debt mor-
atorium and the ad-
ing cancer of limited
sanctions against this
country may adversely
affect export perform-
ance,

In recent months there
seems to have been a sub-
tle but important psycho-
logical change in SA in-
dustry. We have adjusted
to a lower rand exchange
rate and now accept that
it will trade at levels 3 :
preciably less than pari
pith the mighty U8 dol.

ar.

95

JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

‘The implication is that,
providing the authorities
‘k inflation, exporters
can count on their pro-
ducts remaining com-
petitive, in foreign mar-
ets. The switch to
anence in ex|

‘markets, rather than
‘temporary raids when

the domestic economy is
in recession, has impor-
tant long-term implica-
tions for the SA economy.

For many years gold
has accounted for fait
SA’s export receipts.
Such exports are never
clearly identified statisti-
cally. Last year our
mines produced 683 tons
{out 1440 tons pro-

juced in the rest of the
world). The marketing of
gold bullion is carried out
by the Reserve Bank
which a tight lid on
its activities. However,
customs lumps gold ex-
port receipts together
with other semi-secret
items — such as uranium
— in a cate; entitled
“other unclassified goods
and balance of payments
adjustments”. In the first
six months of this year
this category recorded
export receipts of

SOUTH AFRICA



answer is not simple. Blacks within South Africa are already taking part at
different levels and in different ways in political decisionmaking. The fact
is that South Africa contains self-ruling states with legal areas, legislative
institutions, and executive power. Naturally, the system is not complete, but
it is part of the decisionmaking process in which blacks participate.

[le Roux] Minister, you identify with the state president's Port Elizabeth
address, where he spoke of decisionmaking and you have said in the past that
South African politicians are caught in a concept psychosis. Why don't we then
speak directly of power-sharing. Why don't we say we will share power, we will
scrap apartheid, we are moving away from [word indistinct] in due course?

[Heunis] Yes, but the questions you are asking are not necessarily consistent.
Let us look at them in order. In the first place, the president said that
black communities can participate in the decisionmaking process. Second, he
said it will be valid also for matters which are common to all the population
groups in the country and that means basically, that institutions should be
designed where black communities will share the decisionmaking capability or
power. The fact*is that all people do not attach the same meaning to specific
words which we use. Some do not understand power-sharing in the same way as
others do, and therefore I have always contended ‘that we avoid our terminology
and rather develop the system so that the system ultimately will afford people
the opportunity to live up to their principles because we are getting bound up
in words, the connotation of which are not the same for all people.

[le Roux] Is that one of the reasons why today, apparently, there are no dis-
cussions going on?

[Heunis] No, I do not think that is true. There are several discussions going
on in public. These are visible. What is true, however, is that there are
greater and more in-depth discussions taking place on a confidential basis with
leaders. For clear reasons. One does not negotiate this type of thing in
public, It is negotiated on a confidential basis, so that people will not
paint themselves into corners in the spotlight and are then unable to take part
in negotiations.

[Kleynhans] But, sir, you will admit that the government also wants to be seen
to be negotiating in the open.

{Heunis] Let us take the point you have raised. Negotiations are taking place
continually in the open, at local authority level. . These are visible and in
statutory bodies. Negotiations are taking place continually between the govern-
ment and the leaders of self-governing states. Visibly. So much so that I am
only emphasizing this, because apparently this kind of information is lost to
us. Most of the announcements made by the president since 25 January up to the
present were in fact the results of visible negotiation with leaders of the
self-governing states and leaders of independent states. So on the point about
whether or not negotiations are taking palce in the open or not, let me empha-
size that we should not underestimate these. They are taking place, but at the
same time confidential negotiations are also taking place.

7



IJPRS*SSA¥85110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BUTHELEZI WARNS 'FIFTH COLUMN' TEACHERS
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN ‘in English 18 Oct 85 p 15

[Text]

NTUZUMA. — The Verwoerd had used the
KwaZulu Chief Minister inferior “Bantu educa-
and president of Inkatha, tion” system to prepare
Chief Mangosuthu Buthe- « young Black people for
lezi, yesterday warned second and third class cit
“Fifth Column teachers” zenship.
and others instigating un- Chief Buthelezi said he
rest that ‘“‘we will not was angry, together with
stand by and see our teachers, pupils and par-
schools and colleges being ents about the way the
used for Black on Black Government had “poli-
strife”. ticised” Black education
“+ + Leave our schools and had used it as a “tool
alone. We are waging a of apartheid”.
struggle for liberation and

But it was imperative
that this anger was
“wielded as a weapon for
justice” in the sure
knowledge that ‘we our-
selves” would now “set

‘are defying apartheid
through them, We are
preparing 4 whole new
generation in them...”
he said at the opening of
the Ntuzuma College of

Education for teachers. things right”.

However, he said, with He said: “We will do
the présent violence and this at the national level,
unrest in Black schools, where we strive to eradi-
the Government was in cate apartheid, and at the
many respects reaping the regional level, where we
whirlwind of the “horrors gather the Black strength
of Verwoerdian Black, of South Africa to help
education”. : ourselves and avoid being

When he was Prime made beggars in the coun-
Minister, Dr Hendrik try of our birth.” — Sapa.

cso: 3400/210

46



DECLINE IN FERROCHROME DEMAND FEARED

JPRS«SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY (Supplement) in English 23 Sep 85 p 4

{Article by Anthea Duigan]

[Text]

ONE OF SA’s most bril-
liant export performers
is ferro-chrome. The
country currently _pro-
duces about half of the
world’s consumption, but
1986 could see a decline in
world demand, due to a
possible reduction in the
manufacture of stainless
steel worldwide.

There is already evi-
dence of a decline in con-
sumption of stainless
steel while there is an
oversupply in the world
market, which has led to
very low prices.

Since the beginning of
1984, virtually all the SA
producers have been run-
ning at full capacity and
an immediately reduc-
tion is not anticipated.
‘The result of the rand’s
recent severe decline has
had no effect on exports.

Impact

Said John Gomersall,
Middleburg Steel Alloys
MD: “We see some cor-
rective action having to
take place on the produc-

cso: 3400/206

tion n of stainless steal to
restore a ier degree
of ‘market. balance be-
tween supply and de-
mand and that will obvi-
ously impact on the
demand for ferro-

chrome.

“This could represent a
5% to 10% decrease in
demand on a worldwide
basis for 1986. From that
point of view the rand
will make SA more com-
petitive.

“Of concern to us in the
ferro-chrome business is
what we have seen in the
past when we have suf-
tered a sudden devalu-
ation of the rand (prior to
its being a floating com-
pany). These devalu-
ations have always been
followed by high inflation
on our inputs, particular-
ly electricity, which is the
largest single input in the
production of’ ferro-
chrome.

He said it does not
make sense to stockpile
because it puts pressure
on prices when there is an

oversupply.

91

The main markets for
SA ferro-chrome are
Europe, where SA has be-
tween 50% and 60% of
the market; the US,
where SA has about 70%;
and Japan, where SA’s
iShare is about 50%.

Quotas

1 “Because of the quotas
and restraintive trade

. agreements which the US

is entering into with a va-
riety of countries, par-
ticularly on steel pro-
ducts, we are actually
seeing some relocation of

‘stainless steel production

Europe and possi-
bly from Japan to the US.
It is fore _conceiv-

Europe ai
Japan, but a slight
in the production
of stainless steel and de-
mand for ferro-chrome in
the US,

“So while there is a
currency problem, there
is also a relocation taking
place,” said Gomersall.



JPRS*SSA*85+110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NEW EVIDENCE THAT TORTURE IS WIDELY, SYSTEMATICALLY PRACTICED

Events in Recent Weeks Reveal Facts

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 4-10 Oct 85 pp 12, 13

[Article by Anton Harber]

[Text]

THREE events in recent weeks have highlighted,
more than ever, allegations that Security Police -
are torturing detainces.

@Two University of Cape Town academics
released a detailed and extensive study, based on
the questioning of 176 former detainees, claiming
that 83 percent of detainees had been subjected to
physical abuse.

@A district’ surgeon claimed in the Port
Elizabeth Supreme Court that detainees were
being systematically and brutally assaulted on a
massive scale by police.

@The Durban Supreme Court has heard seven
separate applications from the families of
detainees claiming they had’ been assaulted or
suffered serious ill-effects from their detention.

Such allegations are not new. For example, the
Detainees Parents Support Committee (DPSC)
published a report in 1982, based on interviews
with former detainees, which detailed widespread
and systematic malpractices taking place in
interrogation rooms.

Over the years, there have been numerous court
cases and inquests that have involved allegations of
torture.

These tend to come more frequently during
periods of heightened political activity and
tension. There was a spate of allegations after the
1960 Emergency, after the 1976/7 student
uprising and after the 1980/1 schools crisis.

In 1977, the inquest into the death in detention of
black consciousness leader Steve Biko brought a
spate of allegations about the abuse of detainees.
Similiarly, in 1982, the inquest into the death of.
trade unionist Neil Aggett heard many witnesses
claim to have been: severely tortured. during,
interrogation by the Security Police. :

29

All of these were widely published. Some caused
more of a stir than others,

A 1981 unpublished University of Cape Town
thesis looked at the frequency of allegations of
‘torture published in the press. It found that
between 1975 and 1982, the press reported 161
separate incidents where torture was alleged,
mostly during the political trials of former
detainees.

But it was only this week that a Natal Supreme
Court Judge pronounced: "If it is true that
detainees are being assaulted in the custody of the
police, it is a state of affairs which no civilised
nation ... can tolerate for one moment."

Why this sudden judicial concen?

First, it is because there has never been such
extensive and widely-sourced evidence of torture,
The Police and Prisons Act both shield the
interrogation room from the public eye and act to
prevent the emergence of such allegations.

Furthermore, the very nature of detention
without trial, which occurs indefinitely and
without the prisoner being given any automatic
access to independent outsiders, makes the
exposure of allegations difficult.

Thus it does not necessarily follow that there are
more allegations now because torture may be
more common. It simply means that, for one
reason or another, more evidence has emerged.

Never before has a district surgeon come
forward with evidence, as was done by Dr Wendy
Orr in Port Elizabeth last week. As a result, there
has never before been an order, as was given by
the Supreme Court, to prevent the police from
assaulting ALL detainees in two entire districts.

Never before has there been the kind of evidence |
presented in the applications made by families of '
Section 29 detainees (see separate story).


JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

further their education to improve efficiency, but warned that paper
qualifications would not count as much as hard work. The governor
deplored the inefficiency of the local telephone exchange staff.--Ziana
[Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 8 Oct 85 p 5]

FIVE ARMY OFFICERS ARRESTED-~A government spokesman confirmed yesterday
that five senior army officers were arrested last month on allegations

of involvement in dissident activities. Those arrested are Brigadier
Ndlovu of Army Headquarters KGVI; Brigadier Charles Grey, also of Army
Headquarters KGVI; Brigadier Nleya, commander of 4 Brigade in Masvingo;
Colonel J. Dube of the directorate of army training at KGVI; and Lt~
Colonel Sigoka, also of the directorate of army training. Brigadier
Ndlovu, Brigadier Grey and Lt-Colonel Sigoka were arrested on September 24,
Brigadier Nleya was arrested on September 26, while Colonel Dube was
arrested on September 28. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 8 Oct 85

pi)

FRENCH WOOING EFFORTS FAIL--Southern Africa: In the Mitterrand
administration's grand design for a new foreign policy vis-a-vis the third
world, Zimbabwe was to be the anchor for France's influence in the southern
part of the continent. Attempts to woo prime minister Robert Mugabe's regime
have failed to bear fruit. France, on the other hand, has made progress in
expanding ties with both Mozambique and Angola. Much of the French influence
in the region goes through a network of unofficial contacts maintained by
members of the PS Africanist group. In part, the French southern African
initiative within Socialist International (AC Vol 24 No 4 & Vol 26 No 13) is
responsible for this breakthrough. [Text] [London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in
English 1 Oct 85 p 7]

ARMS PROBE UNDERWAY--Harare--A number of serving Zimbabwe soldiers are
being investigated on suspicion of having supplied arms to dissidents,

a Harare régional magistrate was told this week. The disclosure was
made by Mr Robin Cranko while prosecuting two members of Zapu before

Mr Jafta Makhaza on charges of the illegal possession of arms of war
suspected to have been supplied by the army elements being investigated.
Mr Hubert Katupira (61) was charged under the Law and Order Maintenance
Act of being in possession of an AK assault rifle and Mr Mene Toddy
Ndlovu (31) was charged under the same Act with being in possession of a
rifle. Both pleaded guilty and are to be sentenced today.--Sapa [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Oct 85 p 16)

cso: 3400/208 END

129



While committed to dialogue,
there have been no visible,
signs of the Government suc-
ceeding in drawing creditable.
black leaders to the negotiating
table. Rather, Mr Botha’s criti-
cism of businessmen for talk-
ing to the ANC indicates a
hardening of attitudes which is
casting a darkening shadow
over the prospect of.peace.

He is adamant that he will
not talk to the ANC unless it
denounces violence.

He has failed to get Nobel i
Peace Prize-winner Bishop |
Desmond Tutu to the negotiat-
ing table despite Bishop Tutu’s
initial eagerness to talk about
peaceful solutions.

And even a moderate leader
like Chief Mangosuthu Buthe- ,
lezi has found, himself.at log- |
gerheads with him. |

His Durban address, when he |
had the ear of the world, was a!
complete miscalculation. No
doubt his announcement on
black citizenship rights would
have carried much more
weight had he made it in that-
speech rather than save it, al-;
most like an after-thought, for
the Free State Nationalist con-
gress.

CSO: 3400/189

"Whereas “Mr Botha” showed.

‘great purpose earlier, the
impression now is of a leader-
ship vacuum at the top, to the
extent that businessmen and
other politicians, like Dr Van
Zyl Slabbert, feel compelled to
take the initiative in providing
the groundwork for negotiation
in the form of a “convention al-
liance”.

At the same time there is
growing exasperation at the
Government's bizarre moves in
Angola and Mozambique.

« Could it be that the dilemma
has become too big for Mr Bo-
tha to handle, or too big for an-

ybody else with roots in the old.

apartheid school?

The fact is Mr Botha — one
| of the main architects and
| builders of apartheid — is now

called upon to demolish his
! party's own work — the pro-
juct of blood, sweat and tears

‘of nearly four decades of Na-

+ tionalist rule; -

13

Cardinal
principles

In a book on his life, pub-
; lished last yor under the title
“PW”, his biographers made it
; clear just how deeply Mr Botha
was committed to aspects of
apartheid and how difficult, if
not impossible, it would be for
him to break away.

| __ They wrote that the reforms
initiated by him would stop
when it came to certain “cardi-
i nal principles”. There could be
no common voters’ roll, no
black majority rule, and sepa-
rate residential areas and sep-
arate education systems were
“non-negotiable”,

“In short, it is impossible for
Botha to undo the whole struc-
ture of apartheid and he has no
intention of doing this,” the

, writers said.

Since he took over the reins
of government, however, there
have been numerous changes
to abolish petty apartheid, to
provide for a say in the coun-
try’s affairs by other race
groups and to move away from

‘various forms of official racial
| discrimination. !

The process continues, but
uncertainty remains on how
far he will be prepared to go?.



[Murphy] Does he have yours?
[Mabuza] He does have my support, yes.

[Murphy] You see I am wondering, in terms of should we say a white perception
of a moderate leader, I am wondering whether this isn't almost self-defeating.
The Cape, which I am more familiar with, a rather sad’ situation has emerged
there among the so-called colored. community, who perhaps I am more familiar
with, and that is the parents generation will tell you that they no longer hold
sway over their children. ‘Their children have said: look you have had umpteen
years to try and to’things your way; now we are going ahead and we are going to
try anddoit our way. I am:wondering whether the same could not.be said, per~
haps, of blacks and, therefore, moderates: are almost dismissed by the younger
generation of which there is nearly half of the total black population.

[Mabuza] Yes, I think the question’revolves around ‘the achievement of the so-
called black leaders or moderate black leaders. Moderate black leaders have
been calling for change for quite a long time in’this country, and there hasn't
been any change. -I am not in a position, for example, to quote one example of
fundamental change that has been brought about as a’result of negotiation by
black leaders or moderate black leaders. So the young people say: You have
negotiated for a long time, and what has your negotiation brought. forward, what
advantage has it brought? Really it is nothing.. For the young people, the
youth, feel that they should resort to more radical action to send the message
loud and clear to the government so that change canbe brought about.

[Murphy] In other words, they have pulled the rug out from people such as
yourself who are potentially moderate-in your views.

[Mabuza] Absolutely, they have done that. In fact,.it is the circumstances
in which. they find themselves which has made them pull out the rug ‘from under
our feet.

[Murphy] Would you regard yourself as a truly elected representative of your
people?

[Mabuza] Well, L:regard myself as having a constituency, but I must concede
that the homelands, by the very nature of their structure, compromise black
leadership, black leadership which is involved in the homelands structure. But
in the sense of having said that, I also regard myself as a “leader with a con-
stituency who can, within that particular situation, help to bring about change
and help to bring about improvement of the people inthat particular area. In
other words, I believe that one should not wait for liberation before improving
the lot of the people where they are. One shouldn't wait for sactual change
before one starts working for real and meaninfgul change in the country.

[Murphy] But either you do feel that. you truly represent your people or what
would be your reaction to accusations of being just a puppet leader?

[Mabuza] Well, certainly, I don't regard myself as a puppet leader because of
the good I have delivered. In a homeland situation, for example, one either

57



MINISTER SAYS CONSERVATION KEY TO WATER PLAN

Harare THE HERALD in English 8 Oct 85 p 1

[Text]

PLANNERS must dispel
the myth that water con-
servation is just a short-
term strategy to alleviate
Grought, the Minister of
Natura, Resources and
Tourism, Cde Victoria
Chitepo, said in Harare
yesterday.

‘The minister was open-
ang the regional training
seminar on - environ-
mentally sound man-:
agement of water
resources organised by
her ministry, the Inter-
national Training Centre
for Water Resources
Management —‘(Cefigre),
end the United Nations
Bavironment  Pro-
grammy |

2. !

She told delegates from
elght countries that con-,
servation should be made |
an gral part of plan-
ning future water Toup.

les,

“Continually stri to
increase the eeficlones of
water use is imperative if
growth 49 to continue,
Even in nations with-un-
tapped riverg and
aquifers, measures to

cso: 3400/209

conserve, recycle and re-
use fresh water may in
many cases moke the
resource available: at a
lower cost and with less
environmental disruption
than developing new sup-
plies. ~

“Conservation’s _poten-
tial will never be realised
until it is enalysed an a
viable long-term option
comparable to drilling a
new well or building a
new reservoir. .

“With an inclusion of
costeaffective con-
servation measures in our
water projects. substan-
tial gavings would accrue
hoth ty cur governments
and communtcations said
the minister. ‘

Cde  Chitepo" warned
that unless — watersheds
wera sproperly man
‘larga “sums of capital
spent on damg and other
water projects would be
wasted and the pro-
ductivity of a
would diminish.

126

JPRS*SSA*85+110
8 November 1985

ZIMBABWE

“Runoff from dee
forestated watersheds has
washed large amounts of
soil downstream, threat-
ening’ a bulld-up of silt
in reservoirs and irriga-
tion catiala and a lower-
dng of soll fertility. |
| “Reforestation “and
‘pasture management
must always be in-
corporated in the initial
planning stages of dam
jconstruction,  Menaging
watersheds to stabilise
runoff is critical to
reversing & vicloug cycle
of flooding, soil loss, de-
clining crop production
and perennial drought,”

The minister said the
key to feeding growing
populations, sustainin,
economic progress and
improving living — stan-,
dards was learning to use
existing water supplies
‘more efficiently.

Woeter ‘demand had
soared in the 20th cen-
tury with its rapid in-
dustrialisotion though
agriculture - still ace
counted for 70 percent of
all use.



JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

ZAIRE

BRIEFS

MILITARY COOPERATION ACCORD WITH FRANCE~-In Kinshasa last Saturday Zaire and
France signed an agreement on military cooperation. It will enable Zaire to
organize courses on a regular basis for nationals of Francophone African
countries linked to France by cooperation agreements. These inter-African
courses are intended to train officers and NCOs of the armored division with
the participation of French military cooperation. Fourteen African countries
are said to have already expressed their interests in these courses. [Text]
[Paris International Service in French 1245 GMT 4 Oct 85 LD]

CsO: 3519/006

110



The PLO charged that the Israelis carried out that terrorist blitzkrieg with
active U.S. assistance.

Whether or not that conclusion was valid, the fact remains that the United
States failed to condemn Israel at the United Nations for having entered the
airspace of Tunisia, a non-aligned country generally well disposed towards the
United States and then carried out the murderous attack.

We charged then that by attacking the PLO headquarters in Tunisia the Israelis
were attempting to destroy the peace initiative spearheaded by Cde Yassir
"Arafat and King Husayn of Jordan.

We believe the U.S. interception last week of the Egyptian airliner carrying
the four Palestinian hijackers was in pursuance of the same goal.

If the PLO had disciplined its own militants for attacking unauthorised targets
that would have undermined the efforts in Tel Aviv and Washington to paint the
PLO as a terrorist and irresponsible organisation unworthy of recognition.

To prevent that the United States has even sacrificed its friendship with
Egypt without thinking twice.

Some might ask: Does that concern us? Yes it does. The United States
supports the apartheid regime in Southern Africa which behaves towards the
African people at home and abroad like the Israeli Government behaves towards
the Palestinians and the Arbs in general.

For that reason, we are in it up to our necks.

/12232
CsO: 3400/224

112



Zambezi River States Attend Training Talks
(THE HERALD, 8 Oct 85) .csssecescceccerccecseuccecccsccees

Minister Says Conservation Key To Water Plan
(THE HERALD, 8 Oct 85) .cccseececcccecceeseessceeseeeees

Small Farms Reinvesting
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 6 Oct 85) Dee eee cece creer ence eeseees

Briefs
Nyatari Dam Opened
Banana Congratulates GDR
Masvingo Governor Criticizes Officers
Five Army Officers Arrested
French Wooing Efforts Fail
Arms Probe Underway

125

126

127

128

128
129
129
129



cso:

Of what benefit would discovery and
exploitation of a deposit be to the
man in the street? Would he for ex-
ample, pay less for petrol, diesel oil,
natural gas?

South Africa’s fuel prices are govern-
ed by the landed cost of imported
crude oil and a number of Govern-
ment levies and taxes. Thus, at pre-
sent it makes no difference whether
the fuel comes from imported crude
oil or from Sasol. The same would
apply if fuel were to come from
Soekor gas. However, if we were to
be so fortunate as to become much
more, or totally self-sufficient in our
liquid fuel requirements, it might
leave more room for the Government
to manoeuvre with that portion of the
fuel price that is added onto the
landed-, refining-, and transport
costs of fuel.

3400/206

89



JPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CONSEQUENCES OF EDUCATION CRISIS EXAMINED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 4 Oct 85 p 8

(Commentary:

[Text]

"Education Crisis" ]

ECAUSE the situation in
education is so grave, we
~are willing to give Dr Ger-
rit Viljoen constructive support.
in his endeavour to make educa- .

As things are, a number of
schools have locked their gates:
for the year. They had no other
option. Many parents are se-

tion equal and free. rioust . a .
, ly considering getting their
‘We would have thought that. children out of school till things

seeing as education is such an ob-: clear themselves. This is a tricky

viously soft target area, the Gov- proposition at the best of times,

ernment would have acted expe-

ditiously to have ,it resolved

sooner. But this Government is

so locked up in the Frankenstein.
monster, apartheid, that it takes

years to make anything like sig- :
nificant change.

If the wind is taken out of the |
problems created by black ed-
ucation, we will then perhaps :
have a chance at looking at other °
problems. It is most upsetting to

parents to have to be burdened -

with all the problems of apart- ‘
heid plus the problems at school. :
The most moderate black parent :
is driven straight into the arms of
the tadicals if his child suffers.
Quite natural too.

34

but now it means breaking one of
the regulations of the state of

.emergency by keeping your

children at home. :

In any case the prospect of let-
ting a child miss a whole year of
school is rather grim. They also
tend to get themselves into all
sorts of scrapes if they are left on
their own, as they are bound to if
schools close.

We are prepared to tip our hat
all the way in Dr Viljoen’s direc-
tion if his words are translated’
into fact. We are hoping that this
happens because we are tired of
carping. We are tired of being
cynical, of being churlish. :



LOCAL COMPANY PROPOSES SILK VENTURE WITH DPRK

IPRS*SSA*85*110
8 November 1985

Harare THE HERALD [Business] in English 10 Oct 85 p 7

{Text ]

cso:

7AMBABWE may soon
have a $2 million silk
msnufacturing plant if
the Government approves
® joint venture proposed
nmde by a local company
ant the Democratic
People’s Republic) of
Korea,

Tho‘ local company —-
Zimbabwe-Deninark Trad-
ing Company — %% also
negotiating “tho possible
sale of 20000 tonnes of
Zimbabwean sugar worth
about $9 millton to ores,

Managing director, Mr
Claus © Dan- Christensen
saig this. week North
Koren woult provide the
apaning mills, the sitk
yarn and technical know-
how. The Zimbabwean
comprny would provide
the money. A fits has
already been found for
the plant. .

3400/213

121

“Tho silk products witt
ho for export to Furope
and the United States,”
Mr Ohristensen said,

Mr Christensen rovently
returned from feandina-
via whore he was pramot-
ing’ Zimbabwean cotton
garments, He deseribed
the sales promotion tour
as successful and sald
there, was’ potential ta
fonerate rillions of dol~
Jars in export carnings,

A sample order of cotton
yarn worth about $40 000
has been ordered hy 2
fending Dantoh yarn com-
pany,

The managing director:
sald mony large producers’

of cotton garmonty, ht
Seandinavia had expres-
sed concern that Zin.
babwe could not supply
cnongh quantitics to meet
thelr requirements,

ZIMBABWE


cso:

R7,13bn, 43% of total ex-
ports of Ri6,45bn.
However, riding on the
back of a weak rand most
other varieties of SA’s ex-
ts are doing well.
, steel, ferro-alloys,
platinum, manganese
and lead concentrates
have been scoring in
foreign markets, Manu-
factured goods also
showed strong gains,

especially machinery and.

‘components.

The agricultural sec-
tor’s contribution to the |

balance of payments is as
yet unclear. Summer
crop estimates are still
comi in, but at this
stage it seems we may
have around 1-million
tons of maize to export
this year, a welcome
change from the previous
two years when wea-
ther forced substantial

3400/206

imports. There should
also be worthwhile con-
tributions from wool and

citrus. -

It is not just the rand
value of exports that has
been booming. Volumes
were up by around 24% in
the first six months of the
year. However, with
Some overseas econo-
mies under pressure and
likely to show reduced
growth in the second half
of the year, the Reserve
Bank predicting an
overall increase in the
volume of exports of 15%
for the year.

Sanctions

In the first half of the
year exports to most re-
gions improved. We ex-

rted products worth.

4,2bn to Europe (28% up
from the corresponding
‘period last year), 2,5bn to
Asia (43% up), to Ri,ébn

96

to America (43% up), to

{R827 million to Africa (a
massive 95% up) and R95
million to Oceania (a
marginal increase of 3%).
| Since then France and
the US have imposed
ilimited sanctions on SA.
There has also been talk
of some form of sanctions
from Australia. Coupled
with the bad publicity
that SA is getting abroad
these actions could spell
trouble for clearly identi-
fied SA goods, Our raw
materials, though, should
remain unaffected.

The severe hiccough in
the flow of trade finance
caused by the imposition
of the debt moratorium,
appears to be safely in
the past now. But it is
likely that anyone having
financial dealings with
SA in the short term will
at least pause to consider
the risk. -



cso:

“Weeks of peaceful protest

erupted into violence the day
after police used sjamboks, ba-
tons and teargas to break up
marchers bound for Pollsmoor
Prison on August 28, the day
the country’s largest students’
organisation, the Congress of
South African Students, was
banned just 24 hours before a
Western Cape wing was to be:
launched.

A new structure — the Wes-
tern Cape Students’ Council —
has been formed to unite pupils
and students in the coloured
townships as well as ‘in Cape
Town’s African townships.

New teachers’ bodies have
been formed, uniting teachers

‘in Paarl, Wellington and Mbek-

weni and in Mitchell’s Plain,
and a Western Cape teachers’
union is about to be launched.

Violence

Democratic organisations —
parents, teachers and students’
associations — have been or
are in the process of being con-

3400/189

37

‘stitutéd at a number of Schools
in a direct attempt to break
from State schooling and intro-
duce an alternative education
system representing their own
interests.

The PTSAs are designed to
replace the traditional, statu-
tory school committees and af-
ford parents, teachers and pu-
pils — and anyone else in the
community with the interests
of thé school at heart — with
an equal say in their adminis-
tration and functioning. . -

* They are also aimed at

viding a platform from which
to address broader political is-
sues relevant to the community:
'— issues brought under the :
spotlight by the eight-week:
long boycott of classes and wi-
despread violence which has
«focused attention on schools as
sites of the struggle for change.

Together, parents, teachers
and pupils are challenging the
i assumption that the know! ledge
gained in school should be de-
void of politics or any attempt

! at making them aware of what

happens ‘in the world around
them.