NATIONALIST APARTHEID POLICIES HIT

SOUTH AFRICA

"Program Should Be Abandoned’

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 15 Apr 82 p 8

[Editorial: "Let These People Be"]

[Text]

i ANOTHER approximately 75 “black ’
spots” in South Africa are scheduled to
become white, the Minister of Co-operation
and Development, Dr Piet Koornhof, told
Parliament on Tuesday.

Dr Koornhof was unable to say how much
money was going to be spent on the 75 areas
yet to be dealt with. But we can be certain it
is going to be a great deal of money — which

have to come from the taxpayer.

That is one aspect. The other is the price
which is exacted in the suffering of people
forced out of their traditional homes. -

- _ So why do it? The reason lies in the Na-
tionalists’ apartheid policies: on the one
hand there is the redrawing of “homeland”
boundaries. On the other hand, the black

eople affected simply have the misfortune

be living in an area designated for whites
so they must be thrown out, and dumped in
their appropriate Bantustan. Resettlement
is the black version of what the Group Areas
Act does to coloureds and Indians.

‘ Itisa policy which is usually inflicted on
people who have no desire to move. And it is
one which must take responsibility for the
spawning of areas like Winterveld, the

ly slum township of 500 000 people just
north of Pretoria. .
The most recent illustration of the imple-

mentation of this policy involves the 2000
villagers of Mathopestat in the Western

: Transvaal. They are living on a piece of land
they bought in 1912. But because they are
Tswanas, they have been told they must
move 80 km to a farm called Onderstepoort
in Bophuthatswana. Understandably, they
do not want to go because, in the words of
one of the elders, the resettlement area is a
“wild, wild place”.

Dr Koornhof acknowledges that the re-
moval of people is “a very sensitive and
complicated matter”. Well he might. Our
view — repeated again and again — is that it
should be abandoned altogether. South
Africa cannot afford the cost of it, either in
human or financial terms. *

56



* participati ipation of the main Opposition party
— Party Maurician Social Democratic!
(PMSD) — to ensure aioe and continuity,
to allay the misgivings of the Creoles as repress
nting neeely ‘@ quarter of the population.

The_mereurial leader of PMSD, Sir
Geetan. ome ig a successful barrister and
a colourful personality in Maurtien ite.
Though he opposed independence fearing
Indian dominance, he has many friends
in India and has been paying many private
visits to this country. He joined the first
Government of National Unity as Foreign
Minister in December, 1969, barely 20 months
after independence in March, - 1968, but
‘was dropped: four years later following
sharp differences with the Prime Minister
over Forsign policy icy issues. Meanwhile PMSD ;
ted by hin had split into two groups represent: }
ing the fair-skinned and dark-skinned Creoles.

The eclipse of Duval, followed by the
decline ia the popularity of the Labour
Party, provided the necessary impetus and
opportunity for MMM to project itself as
the watchdog of the poor and the un-
employed . cutting across racial and
communal ‘alignments. it emerged as the
uae jargest party in the 1976 elections

ear an absolute majority in
‘arament.PMSD came to

“Appealing programme
The Irony of the Mauritian politics has
been that while the survival of Sri Seewoo-

sagur's party depended on the unity of |

‘8
the Indian community, MMM's ability to
pose itself as a eredible alternative rested
‘on its cay to-divide it The met plank
MMM in ‘current campaign for the

ing elections In June is its pledge
nat

tlonship with Britain, severence of all links
with Africa, demand for the return
of Diego Garcia and dismantling of the

{22 Apr 82 p 8]

[Text]

HE Achilles’ hee! of party politics

in Mauritius is Diego Garcia, since

almost who is anybody
in the island's public life has to denounce
the mounting U.S. military presence in this
atoll in mid-Indian Ocean, to prove one’s
bona fides and qualify for popular packing
in the coming elections. The MMM leader,
Mr. Paul Berenger, has been projecting
the demand for its immediate and unqualified

the traditional ethnic caste barriers
Promise of a rapid Socio-economic
transformation, 4 "

conservatism in favour of radical
anges But the situation is not as despairing
for the ruling coalition as is generally im-
agined in India, since a good many of
those whe aré disillusioned with the perform.
ance of the present Government are also
i scared of the, prosp prospect of MMM's militancy
which they fear may not be a change
for the better in the present circumstances.
ft is only the articulate sections of
the unemployed and the disaffected

with some apprehension because of the
Bee ena
agai playing his 1p

wooing Duval in an ambitious bid to out-
manoeuvre MMM in this battle of wits.

reversion a& one of the main themes of
4 his campaign to embarrass the ruling Labour

Party with an aggressive advocacy of
Mauritian claim.

if the Prime Minister Se Seewoossay
has. chosen to

relative moderation, it is not eee he he

condones the earlier British action in detach-

ing the Chagos archipelago from Mauritius

before its independence or later sub-leasing

22.



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— inet a =



SOUTH AFRICA

NATION'S BIGGEST TRADE UNION ASSESSED
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 20 Apr 82 p 13

[Article by Steven Friedman: "Where Is Fosatu Going?"]

[Text]

“THERE are several reasons a congress of |
+'the non-racial Federation of SA Trade
Unions tends to be a pointer to labour

Fosatu, with 95 000 members, is the big-
gest grouping of emerging unions.

It has concentrated on the country’s big-
ger industries and is a growing power fi
three key sectors — metal, textile and mo-
tor assembly:

In several industries, its unions have led
a battle against employer attempts to woo
emerging unions into official industrial
councils. :

Fosatu union members have also been in
the thick of many major incidences of
worker action in the recent Past. And its
members made up the bulk of those takin
part in the recent stoppage to mark Dr Neil
‘Aggett’s death.

It is also the country’s most controver-
sial emerging union grouping.

Many employers see Fosatu as a militant
threat to factory peace and to the council

lem.

But rival unions, and critics here and
abroad accuse it of ignoring ‘politics in
favour of “narrow” factory concerns.

And Fosatu unions’ agreement to regis-
ter, plus the fact that its motor union,
NAAWU, sits on a council, has angered
critits, who privately accuse Fosatu of
being “lukewarm” on efforts to unify
emerging unions.

Fosatu’s attitude to politics, unity and
industrial councils thus attract special in-
terest — and these issues dominated the”
meeting.

Although some issues were unresolved —
and will continue to be the subject of heat-
ed debate — the congress provided the
most detailed account thus far of Fosatu’s
likely attitude on the political and unity

ues,
It was dominated by a Keynote address

by general secretary Mr Joe Foster, which

spelled out in detail a possible direction for
‘osatu. . .

“Mr Foster saw Fosatu’s aim as building
an independent worker movement which
would ensure workers “control their ,
destiny”.

No such movement had yet arisen here,
he said. Previous waves of unions were
weak and bore “the brunt of State harass-
ment”. Their political role had thus simply
been to give a “worker voice” to political
movements.

This meant the unions had simply been

rt of a “popular struggle” against apart-

id and did not have an independent work-
er identity.

This had surrendered worker leadership
and“enabled business to “hide behind a
curtain” although “it is the major benefi-
clary of apartheid”, :

Foster lauded’ groups such as the
ANC, as well as previous generations of
unions. But the environment for unions had
changed, he said.

Changes in the economy, in black work-
ers’ skills and education levels made a
powerful, independent, worker movement
possible for the first time, he said.

At the same time official policies were
aimed at “dividing off certain Privileged
members of black society” and this would
leave workers “at the bottom of the privi-
lege pile”. This would both increase the
likelihood of e-worker movement and make
it more necessary.

As unions became more influential, po-
litical movements would seek to win work-

alty. But these movements had “defi-
nite limitations”. =

They aimed to remove unpopular gov-
egnments, but could not in themselves Seal

* with the particular problems of workers.

It was therefore essential that workers
vuild up their own organisations. :

This would ensure that “the popular
movement is not hijacked by elements who
will in the end turn on their worker
supporters”.

65



SOUTH AFRICA

ALLEGED ANC 'TERRORISTS' PLEAD NOT GUILTY
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 8 May 82 p 10

[Text] Two alleged members of the banned African National Congress yester-
day pleaded not guilty in a Pretoria Magistrate's Court to charges of high
treason relating to attacks in the city and to 20 alternative charges of
murder, attempted murder and terrorism.

Thelle Simon Mogoerane, 23, and Jerry Semano Mososloli, 25, appeared
shackled in court yesterday. The case was referred to the Supreme Court by
the attorney-general for trial on June 1 this year.

Mr R. Mokgoatiheng, for the accused, asked that his clients be unchained
because they were experiencing difficulty in walking. According to South
Africa's legal system, they should not be chained during court proceedings,
he said.

Mr J. H. F. Pistor, who appeared for the State, said the men were chained
for security reasons.

But the magistrate, Mr B. J. 0. van Schalkwyk, ordered that they be unchained.

The charges involved attacks on the Moroka and Oriando police stations in
Soweto on May 31, 1979, the Capital Park power station in Pretoria on
December 14 last year, the Wonderboompoort police station on December 26,
and the railway line between New Canada station and Mzimhlope station on
May 24 last year.

They also denied they had joined the ANC in 1976, had undergone military
training in Angola, Tanzania, and East Germany and had set up hiding places
for arms, ammunition and other ANC members .--Sapa.

cso: 4700/1193

76



Comrade Ramon Darias met with Col Louis Sylvain-Goma, a member of the political
bureau, prime minister and head of the cabinet. He also visited Nkayi and
Pointe-Noire, accompanied by Comrade Aime-Emmanuel Yoka.

Comrade Ramon Darias met with Col Denis Sassou-Nguesso, president of the CC of
the PCT [Congolese Labor Party], president of the republic, chief of state, and
president of the Council of Ministers, in Loubomo, to which he was paying a
working visit.

The Cuban delegation expressed its warm thanks to the Congolese people and
government for the warm welcome and the hospitality enjoyed by its members dur—
ing their stay.

The fourth session of the mixed intergovernmental Congolese-Cuban commission

will be held in Havana in 1983, at a date to be established via diplomatic
channels.

5157
cso: 4719/818

12



DU PLESSIS ON GOOD NEIGHBOR FARM POLICY

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 May 82 p 10

[text]

CSO: 4700/1207

DURBAN. — South
Africa would, in future,
‘cooperate with neigh-
<bouring states to pro-
mote efficient food pro-
-duction, rational land
‘utilisation and protec-
tion of natural. re-
‘sources, the Minister of
Agriculture, Mr Pietie
du Plessis, said yester-
iday.
: Opening the internat-
ional Sarccus confer-
‘ence at Cedara, Mr Du
Plessis said a new tech-
nical unit had recently
been established by his
‘department to provide
technical expertise for
‘the projects, which
‘were aimed at building
a stable region of inter-
dependent countries so
that the sub-continent
“as a whole can live in
peace and prosperity.”

The departments of
Foreign Affairs and In-
formation would also
be intimately involved
in the projects.

Mr Du Plessis said:
“We, in South Africa,
\place great emphasis on
‘the fact that no country
%can_ survive, let alone
(prosper, unless it can
“take care of its means
of food production.”
© “gouth Africa also re-

alised the need for con-
‘-certed action to mobi-
| lise resources to feed all

71

*the people of the sub-
* continent.

Apart from its joint
¢programmes with Sarc-
Feus, an international
+ agricultural body,
“South Africa was also:
‘engaged in a number o!.
{other joint agricultural
“projects with neigh-

bouring countries.

“South Africa has de-
-veloped a unique sys-
‘tem of marketing
boards to promote or-
Fderly marketing of vir-
i tually ‘all agricultural
|products. Some of these

boards also assist mem-

jber countries of Sarc-
| cus in the improvement
(and disposal of their
| produce. .

| “Thus, the SA wool
‘board also markets Le-
‘sotho’s clip every year,
while the Mohair Board
as given much aid to
(Lésotno to promote the
lindustry there.

“Similarly, the tobac-

(co and citrus crops of
Swaziland and the oil-
seed and maize produc-
‘ed by Botswana, Leso-
tho and Swaziland are
marketed locally and
overseas by the appro-
‘priate South African
control Boards.”

SOUTH AFRICA



M'Tumuque, commander of the seventh motorized infantry brigade. It will be
remembered that the appointment of generals and top-echelon officers was made
by Marshal Samora Machel with their inauguration in Chaimite, Gaza Province,
during the recent presidential visit in March. The minister of national de-
fense arrived in Lichinga last Thursday, having come from Quelimane, capital
of Zambezia Province, where he also presented Maj Gen Bonifacio Gruveta,
military commander of Zambezia Province. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portu-
guese 17 Apr 82 p 1] 8568

CSO: 4742/284

29



PEASANT LANDS CAN YIELD MUCH MORE, SAYS ITALIAN EXPERT

Harare THE HERALD in English 30 Apr 82 p 4

[Text ]

“COMMUNAL farmers
must improve ~ their
farm management so
that land can be fully
used, says a. visiting
Italian _ agriculturist,

i
R
Z)
E
:
BE

cso: 4700/1192

‘The delegation has al-
ready travelled: more than
2000km around Zimba-
bwe and has visited seven
youth centres.

Mr Giovanni Mangan-
inl, a textile industry
specialist, said the delega-
tion had been working
closely with the Ministry -
of Youth, Sport and
reation and the Ministry
of Women's Affairs and
Community Development,

He said the team had
geen a need for training
personnel in both industry
and agriculture, suggest-
ing that 100 Zimbabweans
might be trained in Italy
and 100 Italians might
come to Zimbabwe in a
year’s time to instruct in
‘mechanical, technical and
home industry skills.

100.



SAMORA MACHEL ENDS VISIT, JOINT COMMUNIQUE ISSUED

Victoria NATION in English 20 Apr 82 pp 1, 3, 7, 10

[Text]

aoe LESSON «inTM dignity. and!
honour for the whole of Afri-
ca” was the way ‘President
Samora Machel of Mozambi-
que described Seychelles’
victory last November against
mercenaries, from South
fatrica. ae cere

In a statement :t6 the press
yesterday at Seychelles Inter-
national Airport before leav-
‘ing for home after an official
three-day visit here, President
‘Mache! saith one of ‘the rea-
‘sons he had come to | Sey: .
chelles was -to congratulate |
once again its people for the
courageous and militant way
in’ which they inflicted a
shameful-.defeat on the mer-
cena ee eee
t owe consider the defeat: of:
the mercenaries at the ser-
vice of the.South African Bo-
ers an important. contribution
towards the creation of a cli-'
mate of stability and peace in

Africa and: in the Indian
Ocean. j
“We therefore say once |

again’ to the people of Sey-|
chelles : ‘Congratulations for |

“this 6s

“can leader said.

Tessdn ‘ih dignity and in
honour for thédwhole Of" Afri-
ca.”

_ The aggression against Sey-
Chelles translated exactly the
lunacy and adventurism of the
South African regime ina wi-
der context of an imperialist
strategy for the destabilisa-
tion. of Africa, the Mozambi-

This imperialist threat
against two countries build-
jing socialism and__ sharing.

same. ub oagan :

troubled.
made Seychelles and Mozam-
bigue friends, he said.

The two countries had ex-,
changed views on the growing | ;
aggressiveness of imperialism
which today was the main
factor of political instability
on the international scene!
ahd the main threat to world’
peace and security.

“It is in. this climate that
Southern Africa and the In-
dian Ocean have become to-
day one of the most import-
ant areas of confrontation
where the arrogance and in-

jtransigence of the illegal Pre-

36

SEYCHELLES

fforia regime, the Nazitascist
‘regime of our days, constitu-

tes a brutal and primary ma-
nifestation of the aggressive-
ness of imperialism.”

By attacking Mozambique,
Seychelles and: other states,
South Africa- wished to pre-
sent to international _ public
‘opinion the idea that the ba-
sic ‘contradiction was not
with the oppressed people of
South Africa but with the
neighbouring countries.

Voicing ‘his country’s oppo-
sition to foreign military ba-
ses in the Indian Ocean, the
Mozambican leader said. his
people were particularly con-
cerned by the growing nucle-»
arisation of the region, in de-
fiance of international opi-
nion, and which constituted a
serious threat to the sdve-
reignty and territorial integri-|

' ity of the’ countries of the |

area.
The decision to create a

fifth American. fleet especial-

ly for the-Indian Ocean ag-



SOUTH AFRICA

PRESIDENT COUNCIL'S PROPOSAL AWAITED
Raw: ‘Of Utmost Importance’
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 May 82 pp 2, 6

[Article by Jaap Theron in Cape Town: "Radical Reforms on Way?"]

[text]

(i THE constitutional pro-
{ which the presi-

“dent's Couneil will pub-
ish tomorrow could lead
to political reforms in
‘South Africa ey ual in
‘importance to those in
/1910.

All political parties, as
well as the Coloured and
‘Asians, are Keen to see

the recommendations
\which aim to give the
‘Brown peoples a say at
‘all levels of Govern-
ment.

F Dr Van Zyl Slabbert,
‘the Leader of the Offic-
‘ial Opposition, said yes-
terday there’ was no
(question of coalition
[with the National Party.
iThe country needed re-

{forms and not only pla-

leating politics.

Mr Vause Raw, leader
of the National Republic
Party, said the way in

‘which the Government
/ intended to execute the
| fecommendations of the
President’s Council
would be of utmost im-
fportance to South Afri-
Nea.

It is generally ex-
{pected that the Govern-
iment, as well as all
{political parties, would
{debate and explain the

{proposals to their sup-
i porters in the weeks and
{months to. come.
|. The first of three re-
‘ports of the President’s
:Council — those of its
/ committees on Constitu-
tional Affairs and Econ-
fomic Affairs regarding
local government — will
‘be available tomorrow.
‘Other reports are ex-
‘pected to be published
‘soon, and would refer to
the central level of gov-
iernment and to com-
munity relations.
[ The Government has
falready indicated that
ithe Cabinet would first
idiscuss the recommen-
ions. Then it would
ibe laid before Coloured
‘and Asian leaders and,
Hf acceptable to them,
‘would be put before the
NP’s Parliamentary cau-

cus. |
‘The NP’s federal con-,

[gress will be held in
| Bloemfontein on July 30
jand 31, and it is ex-'
pected that the constitu-
tional proposal would
“then be discussed in
j depth
Later it would be put
"before the Natal NP con-
gress on August 19 and
20 in Durban, the Free
:State NP congress on

61

[September
{Bloemfontein, the

Transvaal NP congress,
in Pretoria on Septem-!

jber 14 and 15, and the,
\Cape NP congress on
HOctober 4, 5 and 6 in
| East London.

Mr P W Botha has in-
(dicated that he would at-
{tend every - provincial
feongress.

[: All eyes will also be on!
the Progressive Federal |
Party. on Wednesday. It
(did net support estab-
‘lishment of the’ Presi-
\dent’s Council and none
5of its members serve on

The question now is
Swill the PFP support
;some of the recommen-
dations as moves in the
sright direction, or will it

se. support becitise
“Blacks are not fully ac-
|commodated it in the sug-
| gestions.

There is only a slight
fpossibility that the
(recommendations could
‘be discussed in Parlia-
fment during the third
reading debate on the
Budget at the end of the
month. Parliament is
| still set to adjourn at the
{end of May or early in
[June.



Col Seyni Kountche arrived in Niamey yesterday late in the afternoon.

On his arrival, he was welcomed by Gen Henry Dupuis Yacouba, grand chancellor
of national orders, who was accompanied by members of the Supreme Military
Council and government officials.

The following statement was made to the press shortly after his arrival by
the president of the supreme military council and chief of state.

[Question] Mr President, you have just returned from a short visit to Algiers.
Apart from the contact made between Niger and Algeria, can one say that this
visit has to do with a political situation due in particular to the crisis

the OAU is experiencing, for example?

[Answer] I would answer you quite simply that this brief visit to Algiers
should be viewed within the framework of regular meetings. It was one of our
consultation and agreement talks. The relations between Niger and Algeria
remain firm, and it is our intention to maintain this solidity. It has to

do with the exemplary nature of our cooperation in a number of sectors, and

I would point as proof to that historic route which will very soon link the
Mediterranean and the Atlantic, a considerable portion of which will cross our
territory. It is within this context that our brief and excellent visit, marked
by fraternity, should be viewed. As usual, we confirm bur desire to consolidate
these gains on the level of cooperation, and to develop them further, why not.

[Question] Mr President, to speak more particularly of the talk you had with
President Chadli Bendjedid, did you have occasion to discuss the demarcation
of the frontier between Niger and Algeria with the Algerian president, and

is it possible to establish the status of this demarcation?

[Answer] Let us say very simply that the demarcation file, the technical-
juridical file, is in the completion stage, since the demarcation per se in
the field has been finished. We simply discussed with the Algerian chief of
state the dates and places for the signing of these documents which are and
which we view as historical in nature.

5157
cso: 4719/834

32



cso:

i ion Of Jurists, the
American _ Lawyers’
{Committee for Justice,
{the US National Coun-
peil of Bishops and the
heads of the Jesuit,
“Carmelite, Benedictine.
land Redemptionist or-
ders.

{: Lamont was inter-
iewed on radio or TV
networks in Britain,
Ireland, Australia, New
iZealand, the US, Ca-
‘mada, Germany, Sweden
‘and France.

On appeal, the orig-
‘inal sentence was re-
duced to one year, later
‘converted to immediate
deportation and loss of
citizenship. Still the

laudits went on, add-
‘ing to Lamont’s aura of
episcopal grandeur.
=: America’s leading
‘Catholic university,
iNotre Dame, conferred
la doctorate upon him.
‘The Irish Anti-Apart-
theid League nominated
jhims for the Nobel Peace

wer in, South Africa,
'Natal’s Archbishop
‘Hurley wrote an impas-
tsioned piece, saying
‘that “Bishop Lamont is
Sconvinced that politics
‘is a legitimate field for
“ethical judgment and
religious concern.”
It was not long be-
' fore Dr Lamont struck
‘again. On February 7,
1977, a group of 12 Mu-
‘gabe terrorists murder-
ed seven White Roman

(Catholic missionaries,

including four nuns, at
‘St Paul’s Mission, Mu-
‘sami.

British-born’ Father
“Dunstan Myerscough,
"65,. who survived by

‘throwing himself to the
iground. when the ter-
rorists opened fire, said

4700/1207

“he was in no doubt that

ithe killers were Rus-
»slan-trained “national-
“ist guerrillas”.

_ Speaking on behalf
bof the Justice and Peace
‘Commission, Lamont
' opined otherwise. While
,denouncing the massa-
cre as an “irresponsible

act of folly”, he express-.

‘ed no condemnation for
‘the killers, insisting
that he could place no
blame on any particular
party.

However, both he and
the Jesuits in London
‘implied that Father My-
‘erscough was . senile;
that the real blame
probably rested with
the Rhodesian security
forces and the Selous
Scouts.

In June 1979, with the
‘arrival of the “new or-

ler”, Lamont returned’

0 Salisbury to collect

a accolades. Mugabe

gs not slow in ac-
:Knowledging his debt.

The rest of the story
comes almost as an
janti-climax. Dr La-
fmont, it soon became
‘clear, was beginning to
have some doubts
labout the “fundamen-
| tal political change” he
thad helped bring about.
>About a year ago he
was severely assaulted
‘by a “deranged” Black
priest, a fellow Bishop,
and his jaw was broken.
[After treatment in
‘the Umtali Hospital, he
jwent to the Eastern
(Cape to recuperate in
"the home of a relative.

On his return, he
| wrote a number of let-
‘ters to the Salisbury
Herald and to the Um-
tali (now “Manica”)
“Post, all highly critical
‘of the new order.

He particularly con-

64

idemned Mugabe's deci-

ion that all Zimbab-

wean youth should
undergo political indoc-
itrination and military

‘training.

He asked in ‘the Mani-
jca Post if in view of
lthese . policies the
“people would not now
jbe worse off than under
‘the previous regime.

t This theme was fur-
‘ther developed when he

i replied to articles by a
|-columnist called Muro-
pma, published in the
| Salisbury Herald.

In these Muroma
- commented humorous-
(ly on God, on sex and on.
“films. Religion, he said,
‘might be good for the
‘soul, but tended to be
cracialistic and should
be practised in the pri-
racy of one’s home.

; In his published re-

iply, Lamont said such

?statements provided
‘little hope for the spiri-
“tual future of Zim-

‘babwe.. Was this the
freedom “for which our
{men and women died”?
“Was it to be a mirror of

(Zimbabwe's so-called
values and cultures?

Then came the real

‘kicker. “Was the soul of

‘Zimbabwe not — safer
under the racist regime

‘of the past?”

Now? Having estab-
‘lished ‘that . Marxist
‘Zimbabwe is no utopia,
the has departed for his
imative Ireland, much to
ithe fury of conservative
‘Catholics who feel he
‘should have stayed and
faced the music.

“No doubt, as he says
farewell to the “new”
Zimbabwe, he will now
sink from sight and
mind. But the mischief

‘he wrought lives on. Iti

fis something to ponder.



BEIRA-MUTARE PIPELINE AGREEMENT SOUGHT

Harare BUSINESS HERALD in English 29 Apr 82 p 1

[Text]

(THY Beira-Mutare pipeline has. been ready to pump petrol and.

ZIMBABWE

‘diesel to Zimbabwe since. last December, but neither its owners, }
,Lonrho Ltd, nor the Government seem able to reach agreement

over a tariff.
Meanwhile, valuable
foreign exchange is being
lost by having to pay the
extra cost of railing re-
fined products - from
Maputo and South Africa,
Agreement between the
\governments of Zimbabwe
‘and Mozambique was
reached in early March,
inder which the Mozam-

jer tonne of petrol and
Giesel pushed up the pipe-
‘ine plus a guaranteed
minimum of . 3,6 “million
tonnes of exports to be
sent out through. Beira
vend Maputi on’ a “slide
“scale ‘tariff basis,

ae

. HOPES

. ‘There were hopes that a)
“tarif? agreement - with
{Lonrho: would ‘be finalised
ishortly afterwards, but
ithis did. not happen, and
ythe vital fuel link remains
empty.

* A: Ministry. of Industry
yand Energy Development
spokesman said yesterday
that “discussions have been
; going on and will conti-
nue". .

cso: 4700/1192

,

f" ‘There was no comment
{from Lonrho.

‘The impasse appears to
stem from Government’s
insistence that the tariff
payable to the company
Should be kept a8 close as
possible to that charged
by Mozambique Railways
(CFM) and National Rail-
‘ways of Zimbabwe.

Petrol_is railed from
Beira to Mutare at $38,77¢
‘a- tonne and diesel’ at
'$23,26c, thus averaging out
at $31,42c a tonne for re-
fined products,

It is understood. that
agreement had been
reached: some time ago
yunder which Lonrho would
be paid between $22 and
‘$25. per tonne reducing
fe the years to around

~“ithis offer, however, has
\now been withdrawn al-
though: the company has
dropped its demands to
$20,75¢ a tonne.

The cost of railing re-
fined products from stor-
age tanks at Feruka re-
finery at Mutare aver-
ages out at §31 a tonne to
Harare. ’

101

4” "AGREEMENT
"~ hen, added to this, is:
the cost of transporting
,ethanol from the Lowveld
j.to various storage depots
around the country.

Another factor to be
considered is the agree-
ment between Zimbabwe
and Algeria for the sup-
Ply, of. “refined _ products,
which is due to come ‘into
| effect from May 1.

The storage tanks at
Beira are already full and
have been since January,
with 50000 cubic ‘metres
of’ diesel and 20000 cubic
metres of petrol stockpiled
‘at the port. '

Obviously, if the pipe-

‘line continues to remain
dormant, other methods
of delivery will have to
ibe used, such as tran-
shipping’ the diesel to
‘Maputo ; for onward, de-
‘livery, .
\. The cost of railing from
|this. port to Harare aver-
‘ages out at around $89 a
tonne, i



PRESIDENT ESTABLISHES NATIONAL MANPOWER BOARD

Victoria NATION in English 24 Apr 82 pp 1, 2

[Text]

TIN spite e of the efforts since
“June 5, 1977, Seychelles still
lacks enough trained’ per-
sonnel throughout the eco-
nomy and a special body
has been set up to tackle
this problem, President Al-

bert René said yesterday.
Introducing the National
Manpower Development

Board and Directorate to re-
presentatives of the civil, pa-
rastatal and private sectors,
Mr. René said in a_ special
meeting in the People’s As-
sembly Hall yesterday morn-
ing, that natural development
‘depended more on “self-suf-
ficiency in| manpower” than
on any other resources.
“Every man has a tight to
education and a right to dev-
elopment,” the President said.
“Every Seychellois also has
a duty to contribute to the
development and advance-
“Sment of his. country. The need
ito ensure’ the full’ ‘and active
participation of every citizen
in the development of the
country must become one of

The maif'” preoccupations of
the Government.

“Human resources are the
most valuable of all our re-
sources and one of our big-
gest constraints in develop-
ment is the lack of trained
manpower. A nation can
have all _the physical resour-
fees possible But Without train-
ed human resources the’ po-
tential wealth of that nation

could never be effectively
tapped. | :
“However, if a nation dev-

elops its human resources it
can make considerable ach-
ievements even if its physical
resources may be limited. It
is unfortunate’ that too often
we tend to focus on the avai-
lability of physical resources,
of finance, and so on and
either forget about the cru-
cial role to be played by hu-
man resources or only consi-
der the role of human re-
sources as an afterthought.
This: sort of approach cannot
continue if we are ever to
meet our development object-
ives.”

42

\, The

SEYCHELLES

PRS iportanee” oF Sever
oping Seychelles’ human re-
sources had been recognised
by the Seychelles People’s
Progressive Front, Mr. René
said. In the policy statement

‘Onward to Socialism’

_it was +

aims ,of thé national develop-
ment programme must be to
make “optimum use of avai-
lable human resources”.

* The President began his
speech with a look back at
the manpower shortage, inhe-
rited with independence but
which still existed to a certain
extent today.

Before independence, he
said, numerous sectors of the
economy had been neglected
and little attention had been
paid %6 developing ‘of human
resources.

There was a discriminatory
education system whereby
only those who could afford
it had access to any decent
education. The education
system fostered office job ex-
pectations among young peo-



NEW LAND REGULATION BILL DEBATE REPORTED

Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 28 Apr 82 pp 1, 20

[Article by James Dlamini]

[Text]

fA NEW. Bik reg.
aulating _relation-
iships between fa-
irmers and people
swho squat on their
farms caused an
‘uproar in the Se-
ate yesterday.

At one stage the
ystorm. was such that
‘the acting president,

jSenator Mary Mdzi-*

'¢niso said: ‘We should
‘not’ be throwing
words at one another
‘like that honourable
isenators.””

~ The Farm Dwellers Bill
has already passed through
{the House of Assembly. But
‘a number of senators ex-
pressed the view'that it was
$0 sensitive that it needed

careful scrutiny before

‘being debated.
Motion

Senator Mabalizandla

. Nhlabatsi moved that’ the

Bill be examined by a select
committee before it is ‘de-
bated. “It is not a good
idea to rush such  legisla~
tion,” he said. ‘We ‘need’
time ‘to think carefully
about it before we can
debate it,”’ he added.

cso: 4700/1197

("Senator Nilabatsi sai
“terms of
“Orders of the House, the
‘senators were entitled to be
given three months to exa-
‘mine Bills before they are
debated. “‘This particular
Bill is very problematic,”
jhe added.

© Senator Mdziniso remi-
‘nded him that there was
a certificate of -urgency
‘accompanying the Bill and
‘there was no need to wait
| for three months. She said
although the Minister had
| Mot given the senators three
months, they should have
‘had sufficient time to have
itead it because it was short.
; Senator J.S. Mavimbela

Stood up t6 support Senator
_ ENhlabatsi that thes; Bill

should be carefully scrut
sed and not rushed through.
[It’s going to affect peo-
ple’s lives and people’s
}farms,” Senator Mavi-
mbela said. “If we rush it
‘through without thinking
carefully about it and ex-
“pressing our views, then we
{would be acting like a.ru-
{bber stamp,” he said.

: The Minister of Agricu-
Hture, Mr. A.K. Hlophe
[arguing that the Bill should
"be read, said: “I wish to
imention the cause of the
‘certificate of urgency.
‘Swazi people have been

the Standing

{subjected to elements —pér-
(culiar to. their way of life.

SWAZILAND



As to public financing, 43.5 percent comes from Cameroon, either through budget
savings (19.8 percent), local public resources (17.2 percent), or again, local
loans (6.5 percent).

The remaining 16.5 percent of the public financing comes either from new loans
(9.7 percent), loans already obtained (4.7 percent) or subsidies (2.1 percent).

Cameroon wants to avoid an excessive increase in the foreign indebtedness
burden. It wants to remain cautious as to loans contracted on the private
market and to orient the product of these loans toward productive projects
likely to produce profits.

Conclusion

It can be stated that the Fifth Plan remains faithful to the planned liberal
approach and that it will leave a wide scope for private business within the
framework established, of course, by regulation. It will allow cautious and
realistic growth and it should lead to an overall balance of resources and jobs
in 1985-1986 totaling 2,656,600,000,000 CFA francs.

Comparison Between 1972-1980 and 1985-1986
The table below comparing the resources and jobs in 1979-80 and 1985-86 shows

the development and the rate of growth between the beginning and the end of
‘this plan period.

Billions of , 1979-1980 1985-1986 Annual
CFA francs Increase
Gross Domestic Product 1,356.2 2,035.2 +7h
Goods and services

imported 363.9 621.2 +9.3%
Resources 1,720.1 2,656.4

Gross formation 288.1 468.3 +8.4%
Goods and services

exported 378.6 645.2 +9.3%
Final consumption 1,053.4 1,542.9 +6.5%
Jobs 1,720.1 2,656.4

5157

Cso: 4719/795



nT

President Establishes National Manpower Board
(NATION, 24 Apr 82) ..cccccccceccccccvceccreceeececcecseseeees

Soviet Mission Studies Construction
(NATION, 23 Apr 82) ...ceeeceeeeerecees ereeere rere ree seecees

Scheduling of Liberation Anniversary Reported
(NATION, 23 Apr 82) .cccecccccccccececccecsccetcceneeeseeenes

Indian 0il Exploration Expertise Offered
(NATION, 29 Apr 82) .ececccccceccccccerecercceeeserereserernee

Strengthening Links with Progressive States Reported
(NATION, 26 Apr 82) ......eeeeeee See e een weeee been ee eer eenene .

Briefs
Cooperation with Japan

SIERRA LEONE
Briefs
0il-Drilling Operation
Oil Drilling Begins
SOUTH AFRICA

Possibility of SWA Settlement Examined
(Benjamin Pogrund; RAND DAILY MAIL, 19 Apr 82) ........

Nationalist Apartheid Policies Hit
(Editorial; RAND DAILY MAIL, 15 Apr 82) .......+- eee ee erences

"Program Should Be Abandoned’
Cartoon Comment

Maritime Conference Examines Strategy, Role of Naval Power
(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 8 May 82) .....-.ceeeeeeeeeee

President Council's Proposal Awaited
(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 11 May 82) .....eeecceecceecceevcee

Raw: ‘Of Utmost Importance’, by Jaap Theron
‘THE CITIZEN' Comments

Commentary on Bishop Lamont's 'Disillusionment' with Zimbabwe
(Aida Parker; THE CITIZEN, 11 May 82). ......cseccceceneceeee

Nation's Biggest Trade Union Assessed
(Steven Friedman; RAND DAILY MAIL, 20 Apr 82) .........eeee5

Future of District Six Discussed
(Neville Fransman; RAND DAILY MAIL, 3 Apr 82) .......0.0. see

42

45

46

48

50

51

52

52

53

56

58

61

63

65

68



criminal ‘acts ‘on the part of
“Pretoria and: its ‘defiance of
world opinion ‘is a direct re-
sult of assistance rendered to
it by its allies in their endea-
vour to use the racist regime
a strike force of imperia-
dism “against ‘liberation move-
“ments and sovereign african
ustates.

|. They.’ strongly’ ‘condemned
;South Africa's arrogance and
| intransigence in . deliberately
| refusing ‘to ‘abide byt the Inde-
| pendence Settlement Resolu-
tion 435 of ‘the United -Na-
tions Security “Council -which
provides the only: acceptable
basis for a just solution of ‘the:
Namibian issue. They “called
on members of the ‘Contact
Group not to ‘connive with the
South African regime in the
latter’s attempt ‘to’ wreck the
United Nations efforts to ac-
hieve a just settlement in Na-
imibia.

They rejected all menoeu-
yres undertaken aimed at hin-
dering the assertion of Nami-
bia’s ‘trie independence and
pespetuating the present in-
justites and illegal’ situation
prevailing im ‘the country.
They called for the .intensifi-
cation of political and econo-
mic pressure ‘against the Pre-
toria regime.

They reaffirmed their soli-
darity with the just struggle
for freedom and independen-
‘ce waged by the people of
Namibia under SWAPO’s
leadership.

“Fie ive
and . veheme condemned
the occupation of part of the
territory of Angola by, troops
of the Pretoria regime based
in the territory of Namibia

. and demanded the immediate

and unconditional withdrawal
of the occupying troops.

The two leaders denounced
the barbaric repression of the
‘people of South Africa by the
Pretoria regime as well as its
policy of

lidarity with the people ‘of
South Africa against the sys-
tem of apartheid under the
leadership of the ANC.

They reiterated their sup-
port to all African countries
in particular to the Front-line
States which unite their efforts
and struggle to. liquidate the
abhorent regime of apartheid.
constituting a defiance to hu-
manity and a violation of the
most elementary rights of
mankind,

The two sides indicated
that the increased tension in
the North-West of Africa was
causing concern because of
Morroco’s:: refusal to apply
the Resolutions of the United
Nations and’the Organisation
of African Unity for a just
and peaceful solution of the
Western Sahara issue. They
reiterated their conviction that
there can be no lasting solu-
tion of this issue unless the
two parties in the conflict ini-
tiate direct negotiations,

The two leaders hailed the
‘admission of the Saharoui

39

S denounet

bantustanization. .
“They reiterated their 48fl so--

‘Arab Démootatio Republic 48,

fa full méinBer of ‘thé Organi-
sation of African Unity as a
significant milestone” in the
struggle of the Saharoui peo-
pie for their inalienable rights
to selfdetermination and in-
dependence.

The two sides stand for’a
free and independent Africa
where peace and stability
would prevail in accordance
with the noble ideas laid
down in the charter of the
United Nations and of the
Organisation of African Uni-
ty. They stressed that it is in
the interests of Africa that fo-
cal points of tension be expe-
ditiously eliminated. In this
connection, they expressed
their appreciation for the acti-
vities undertaken by the OAU
to eradicate the vestiges of
colonialism; thereby | strength-
ening the independence’ and
cooperation of ‘African coun-
tries. :

The two leaders expressed
particular concern at the _si-
tuation ‘which prevails in the
Indian Ocean. They expressed
concern at the reinforcement
of military presence resulting
from the proliferation of fo.
reign aggressive bases in ‘the
area, in particular on the is-
land of Diego Garcia in. the
proximity of the Seychelles
waters.

The two sides “Vigourously
fcondemned this. presence
which constitutes a perma-
nent danger for peace and se-
curity of the littoral countries
and the world at large and re-
affirmed the necessity to trans-



POSSIBILITY OF MORE MPS MOVING TO CP SEEN

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 May 82 p 1

{Article by Keith Abendroth]

[text]

cso:

MPCs are expected to
{eross the floor in the
nsvaal__— Provincial
‘Council — depending on.
itheir reception of the
President's Council con-
jstitutional proposals to-
|morrow.
‘At present the Con-
‘servative Party has five
MPCs. ~
Provincial sources in
‘Pretoria put the number
MPCs who are known
‘to be “sitting on the
fence” as high as 30.
© Only five more need
‘switch to the CP to make
“it the official Opposition
as the Progressive Fed-
‘eral Party, the present
jofficial Opposition, has
‘only nine members.
' The main 1982 session
‘of the provincial council
jstarts today with a fan-
redolent of old

‘gransvaal Republic days
‘= and the session itself"
‘is expected to result in
ifireworks over a wide
range of subjects.
“The present break-
‘down of the parties in
_ the house is 62 National-
ist nine PFP and five CP.
members.

4700/1207

~~ ‘Nationalist:

The five Nat MPCs
who have already cross-
‘ed over to the CP are Mr
jJannie van Eeden
‘GBrakpan), Mr Fanie
‘Ferreira _(Provincial
“stablemate in the Water-
berg constituency of CP!
leader Dr _ Andries
fqreurnicht), Mr Piet
fiemand (Pietersburg)
'Mr Kallie Schoeman
i (Nigel) and Mr Niekie
jGenis (Potgietersrvst).

Among names being
mentioned in provincial
quarters as possible
walkovers to the CP are

; the executive committee
member in charge of
‘hospitals, Dr Servaas
Latsky, the MPC for

‘'Pretoria-Rissik, Mr

2 Jackie. Kruger, Mr Tom

<de Ridder of Florida, Mr
A A Bruwer of Lyden-
burg, Mr D P Kirstein of

(Delmas, Mr L B Roth-

{ man of Ermelo, and Mr

{J H Hattingh of Ver-
‘woerdburg.

If these MPCs crossed
the floor it would make
the CP the official Oppo-
sition.

PFP MPCs say they

70

SOUTH AFRICA

‘are “surprised” that”
only five Nat MPC’s ina
t lominantly verk-
|rampte Nationalist cau-
Leus have crossed the
(floor: ~
If one or more of the
| MECs were to Join the
: CP it would not necessa-
ly mean. they would
Hose their posts as mem-
‘bers are appointed for
[five year terms of office.
In provincial quarters
‘feelings about the con-
stitutional proposals are
running high, and there
are fears that the propo-
sals would further
whittle the provincial
“eouncil’s power.

Any indications of
power sharing would
certainly result in more
MPCs joining Dr Treur-

(nicht.
© In an interview an-
other MEC, Mr Fanie
?Schoeman, said that the
political situation in the
House was in a state of
flux. .
{Both he and Dr Lats-
ky refused to comment
on questions whether or
not they might join the
top.



DECISION ON NEW SASOL-SIZE FUEL PLANT IMMINENT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 May 82 pp 1, 2

[Article by Jaap Theron]

[text]

: is to be pursued, a de-

{ cision must be made

- soon on building an-

‘other plant of Sasol

; Proportions.

i But first it must be
decided what synthetic

«fuel route must

} taken.

"This was stated yes-
terday by Mr F W de

* Klerk, Minister of Min-

“neral and Energy Af-

* fairs.

In the debate on his
budget vote, he refer-
red to synthetic fuel de-
velopments, and said

that no. commercially-
proven processes, other
than the Sasol process,

existed at present.

* Risk

} "The risk associated
_ with new processes on a
;commercial scale was
extremely high.

CsO: 4700/1207

But a decision as to
-which technology to use
in future oil-from-coal
plants was a major deci-
| sion that would ultima-
tely have to be taken.
Mr De Klerk said
there were a number of
“possible synthetic fuel
| routes” open to South
| Africa: the Sasol oil-
from-coal process, the
alcohols (ethanol and
« methanol) from coal or
- from agricultural prod-
ucts, plant oils such as
sunflower-derived oil as
>well as oil-from-coal
Processes not yet com-
| mercialised. :

Committee :
| “At present, it is not
possible to give a firm
‘indication as to which
future route, or combi-
nation of routes, would
be in the best interest
‘of our country.

A departmental sub-
committee of the Eneér-
gy Policy Committee
was studying the issue

79

‘and might be in a posi+
tion to advise on fur-
ther aspects later this

year.

He sald the Energy
Policy Committee had
made recommendations
regarding medi
long-term - liquid
self-sufficiency.

“If a policy. of “in-
creased self-sufficiency ©
is adopted by the Gov-
ernment after consider-
ation of other strategic
and, economic priori- |
ties, it means that ade- |
cision to build a further

, Sasol-sized plant will

need to be taken in the
near future,” the Minis-*
ter said. | ph
“Although a’ signifi
cant degree of self-suf: -
ficiency will be achieved:
by the completioti bf Sa-
sol a, it should be re:
st at the growth
in liquid fuel demand,
which is . associated

SOUTH AFRICA

tained level of self-euf-
ficiency.” 5 2
jerk also ait-*
Mi? De Ki

‘thounced that
eriimiertt has decided to

the after-hours



180059
JPRS 80894

25 May 1982

Sub-Saharan Africa

No. 2627

REPRODUCED BY
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
SPRINGFIELD, VA.” 22161



PHARMACY CRISIS FOR RURAL AREAS REPORTED

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 23 Apr 82 p 1

[Text]

AT least four phaimacies in ¢
Harare have closed down this year,
several others are on the market
and’ some in rural areas ‘of.
Zimbabwe are up for sale,

< The-town of Karoi has no
pharmacist at present since a
former business shut down several
years ago.

‘Another important rural
pharmacy which will close by July
is Phelps and Company of
Kadoma, owned by Mr George
Economous. The closure of this
business, serving a huge farming
area, will leave no pharmacy
between Kadoma and Harare to
the north and Kwekwe to the
south,

Mr Economous, his wife and
their three young children intend
to return to New Zealand. They
arrived from that country in 1974
and took over the pharmacy about
six years ago.

He said he had tried to sell it asa
going concern but could find no
buyer with the capital to take over
his stock and the pharmacy.

“We have to leave here in July
and now I have no option bat to
sell up everything. I am advising

my customers so that they can

cso: 4700/1192

stock up with enough of what they

may need to get them through the
winter,’ he said.

Pharmacies which have closed
down in Harare during the last few
months include the Braemar at
Avondale, Covent Garden
formerly at the corner of Moffat
Street and Speke Avenue, the
Mall at the Fife Avenue shopping
centre and Dysons, previously in
Manica road before a bomb
wrecked ZANU(PF) headquarters
in the same building.

TRYING TO SELL

Several other city pharmacies
are on the market but qualified
buyers with enough capital to take
them over are very scarce.

Reasons given for quitting their
businesses by most pharmacists
include frustration, shortage of
qualified staff and a wish to retire.

‘Most said they faced continual
frustrations with the shortage of
ethical or brand drugs and
products, cosmetics, photographic
items and other stock ‘‘across the
board’, price controls and other
difficulties.

One well-known — suburban
pharmacist said that if he could

105

he would retire ,
immediately Fut “nobody, wants to!
invest in this business now.”

Another said that allocations for
various medicines today were
practically the same as in 1965 but
demand was increasing. Patients
who could not get prescriptions
filled at various clinics added to
the general demand for drugs and
services. Sometimes these were
“unsuitable” to their illnesses, he
said.

A spokesman for the Retail
Pharmacists Association con-
firmed that a number of phar-
macists in various centres had
closed or had put their businesses
on the market recently,

“There are a lot of difficulties at
present. We have all been heavily
cut in stocks,’ he said. ‘But in
town one pharmacist can borrow
from another. In rural areas there
is nobody near who can help if one
runs out of anything so the rural
pharmacists are in a very tight
position.””

As far as price control was
concerned, he said it was chiefly
the wholesale pharmaceutical
importers and suppliers who faced
the problem of losing money by}
buying imported stock at prices,
higher than they could sell them
for in Zimbabwe. But that, in turn,
meant that wholesale supplies were
often short and could not meet all
the demand from pharmacists.

fin

ZIMBABWE



IVORY COAST

Prospects for Agriculture Sector Reported
(AFRICA AFP, 27 Apr 82) ....eeeeeeees

MADAGASCAR

Naval Construction, Repair Studies
(Liliane Rahantasoa; MADAGASCAR-MATIN, 13 Mar 82) .....esee.s

MAURITIUS

Political Survival of Ramgoolam in Jeopardy
(G. K. Reddy; THE HINDU, 21, 22 Apr 82) ...ccecceceeceeceeces

MOZAMBIQUE

Youth Leader Speaks About Cuban Visit
(NOTICIAS, 16 Apr 82) ....eceeeeeeeee

Dredger Repairs in Floating Drydock
(NOTICIAS, 17 Apr 82) ......

Briefs
Students to GDR
Maritime Transportation Difficulties
Military Appointments

NIGER

Some Officials Believed to Discourage Private Initiative
(Arbi; LE SAHEL, 9 Apr 82) ..

Kountche Discusses Visit with Algerian President
(Aboubacar Madougou; LE SAHEL, 9 Apr 82) ..

SENEGAL
Briefs
Diouf Visits Paris
Arrests for Illegal Enrichment
Belgian Secretary of State's Visit
SEYCHELLES

Increased Relations with Japan, Greece, Cyprus, Austria Reported
(NATION, 21 Apr 82) .ecccecccecceeccecececceeeereeeseceee sees

Samora Machel Ends Visit, Joint Communique Issued
(NATION, 20 Apr 82) ......... cece eee e eee eee eee eneeeeeeeeeees .

15

17

20

30

31

34

36


GOVERNMENT TO FLOAT LONG-TERM LOAN

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 23 Apr 82 p 11

[Text]

‘THE Government is to float a

->"new Jong-term loan for an
amount of $25 000000 at a
rate of interest of 13% per
annum against the issue of
Locat Registered Stock. The
purchase price is $100 per cent.
Payment of not less than $10
per cent is required on
application while any outstand-
ing balance is payable at or
before 11 am on Tuesday June
29, 1982. The stock. will be
redeemed at par om April 30,
2007, but the Minister of
Finance may elect’to redeem
the stock at par in whole or in
part, on a pro sata basis, on or
after April 30, 2002, subject to
three months notice being given
to stockholders.

Subscription ists ‘will be
opened at 9 am on Friday April
30, 1982 and will be closed
when the loan has been fully
subscribed or, at the latest at 11;
am on Tuesday May 4, 1982. |

‘The purpose of this loan is to!
assist in financing expenditure |
in connexion with economic, |
social and’ administrative |
Services in Zimbabwe.

cso: 4700/1192

‘Application must be made
on Form ‘tA’? provided with
the prospectus and should be
addressed to the General
Manager, Reserve Bank of
Zimbabwe, (Stock Office), PO
Box 1283, Salisbury, Zim-
babwe. .

Only applications: . for
amounts of $100 nominal value
of stock’or a multiple thereof
iwill be considered; no allot-
} ment will be made for less than

$100 of stock. Interest will be
‘payable half-yearly on April
|30, and the October 30, and the
| first payment will be made on
| October 30, 1982.
{Until the stock allotment is
‘fully paid up, interest will be
jealculated at the rate of 13%
jper annum on amounts
| received, based on the number
‘ of days from the date of receipt
of the money by’ the Reserve
Bank of Zimbabwe to the day
preceding that on which the
stock "becomes fully paid.
| Thereafter, interest will be
jcalculated at the rate of 13%
| per annum on the amount of
| stock allotted, up to and
tincluding October 29, 1982.
| Subsequent payments, of
Linterest will be calculated at
‘13% per annum on a hailf-
yearly basis up to the date of
redemption.

106. :

ZIMBABWE



MOZAMBIQUE

DREDGER REPAIRS IN FLOATING DRYDOCK
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 17 Apr 82 p 1

[Text] A floating drydock, recently obtained by the Mozambican Government
from the Soviet Union, will begin its first large-scale operation in Maputo
within a few days with the docking at its facilities last Wednesday of the
dredger "Rovuma," our reporting staff learned at the site.

The dredger, "Rovuma," which is the largest unit of its kind in the country,
will undergo. major repairs; the work will be carried out with the assistance
of Dutch technicians who have come to Mozambique for this purpose.

The major repairs of this naval unit are a result of technical cooperation
accords signed between the RPM [People's Republic of Mozambique and the Nether-
lands.

The floating drydock arrived in Mozambique in October and a few minor, experi-
mental repairs have already been made at those facilities.

Built in the Netherlands in 1964, the "Rovuma" is a naval unit designed to
handle various dredging projects with efficiency. It has a 960-hp engine and
is equipped with two .200-kW generators each.

The unit is capable of transporting 2,800 tons of dredgings (sludge) and moves
at a speed of 12 knots per hour. Empty, it weighs about 1,745 tons; it is
77.75 meters long and 13.4 meters wide.

The floating drydock, in turn, is a naval repair unit with a capacity of 4,500
tons; it can handle ships up to 130 meters long.

A total of 180-300 workers of various specialties can work inside the floating
drydock, depending upon the amount of repair work to be done.

The drydock is equipped with various work sections, from mechanics to electric-
ity, refrigeration, electronics and.others, and it can handle several vessels
inside its facilities at one time.

8568
CSO; 4742/284

27



“We should be able to
}trust one another. This situ-
bation of mistrust has to be
{stopped somehow. It took
fone. day to ban SNAT,

‘its taking a long time 10

revive it. We don’t want

anybody —
twe simply want to work.
F no need for all
‘these wrectings simply lift
ithe ban. We; e appreciate the
forts. to revive SNAT.
“But: we hope’ a cow is not,
going to be replacéd with at
lem ‘We want SNAT as it
\was. Why are you people
| afraid of us?”
*~ In reply, the Chairman,
Mr. Musa Nsibandze said:
: "You will remember that
when’ we changed from
SNUT to SNAT, we nego-
tiated. Why can’t we ne-
(eotiats his
SPEAKER:
the winds of suspisonare
{a signal of danger. The Mi-
jnistry of Education is a key
{ministry If fingers of su-
spicion point at it, it is not
{2 good sign. If the finger
‘suspects the knee, it means
[there is something wrong
with the body.
[OT also feel that these
istrict meetings are strange
in the extreme. How could
bone to revive SNAT

cso: 4700/1197

86



representatives and 12 from the employers'--will try to end the dispute.
If left unresolved the dispute could lead to legal strike action by
workers, [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 May 82 p 3]

ONSLAUGHT ON NATAL=-The Conservative Party is launching a massive onslaught
on Natal within the next few weeks with four meetings to be held in various
centres of the province and in Zululand, The official spokesman for the
party in Natal, Mr Brendan Willmer, said yesterday that public meetings
would be held in the next few weeks at Vryheid, Ladysmith, Wenen and Empange
Empangeni. Speakers at these meetings would be MPs of the party who
recently defected from the National Party, Mr Willmer also said divisional
councils and branches of the party were in the process of being formed all
over the province and in Zululand, Also, the party had opened an office in
the Volkskas Building in Gardiner Street, Durban, and a fulltime official,

, Dr H van Staden, had been appointed to manage the party's affairs in the
province, Mr Willmer also said there had been "tremendous support" for the
party from English-speaking people in the province. This had been proven at
the various meetings held recently where it was asked of English-speaking
people to raise their hands in support of the party, At some of the meetings
the support was as high as half of those present, he said. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 May 82 p 9]

NEW FLUORESCENT LUMINAIRE--Lascon Lighting Industries of Johannesburg have
designed and developed a new fluorescent luminaire believed to be the first
of its type in the world. It is virtually impervious to corrosive atmos—
pheres found in many specialised industries. Lascon found that, in certain
instances, polyester and polycarbonate were not resistant to the full range
of alkali and acid gases. It was found that a particular grade stainless
steel suitable for deep drawing was corrosion resistant to all gases and it
is now used in the body and all other exposed components of the fluorescent
luminaires. [Text] [Pretoria SOUTH AFRICAN DIGEST in English 16 Apr 82 p 9]

HARTZENBERG PLEA--The future of the Black people in South Africa would not
be served best by single Department of Education for all race groups

Dr Ferdie Hartzenberg, the former Minister of Education and Training, said.
Speaking in the debate on the Education and Training Vote, Dr Hartzenberg
(CP, Lichtenburg) urged the Government not to accede to recommendations

that education for all race groups be placed under a single department.
"This would be hopelessly wrong as we have to do with different cultures,"
he said. "I believe the people of Africa will only have the same quality
education as the Whites when they develop an education system that is
peculiar to themselves and they do not have to use other people's methods."
He believed Black people in South Africa realised that Whites could not
develop a system for them and that if a unique system of Black education was
to be established, it would be created in South Africa. [Text] [Johannesburg
THE CITIZEN in English 8 May 82 p 4]

csO: 4700/1198
81


CONGO

ACTIVITIES OF VISITING WFTU DELEGATION DESCRIBED
Brazzaville MWETI in French No 559, 3 Apr 82 p 3

[Text] A delegation representing the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU),
headed by Mr Robert Lejeune, secretary for educational problems in Africa,
spent 4 days in Pointe-Noire.

At 10 a.m. on Friday, 26 March, the delegation paid a courtesy visit to
political authorities in the city. During the afternoon, they had a working
session with all of the members of the regional trade union committee in the
public rooms of the headquarters of the CSC [Congolese Trade Union Confedera—
tion].

In the course of this work, Comrade Francois Ema, head of the education depart-
ment of the regional trade union committee, who is serving as interim secretary
general, spoke first.

First of all he welcomed the distinguished guests, and he then set forth the
organizational structure of the CSC in vertical and horizontal terms. He also
discussed the functioning of these structures in Kouilou, the difficulties the
committee is experiencing, in the educational sector above all, and the avail-
ability and recruiting of trade union officials for staffing the workers. He
went on moreover to refer to international solidarity, the indispensable
guarantee for the struggle against the armaments race and for the maintenance
of peace among nations.

Mr Robert Lejeune, for his part, sincerely thanked the regional trade union
committee for the warm welcome given the delegation. Mr Lejeune, who spoke at
length about worker and trade union education problems, the main goal of his
mission, did not fail to voice the very special interest the WFTU has in the
CSC and the extent of the solidarity between them.

In the course of their discussions, the parties involved reviewed all the prob-
lems having to do with the organization of the two trade union organizations,
above all where education is concerned.

At 8 a.m. on Saturday, 27 March, a lecture was given on the concept of trade
union education by this WFTU expert at the labor exchange hall.



SEYCHELLES

BRIEFS

COOPERATION WITH JAPAN--Agricultural co-operation with Japan is a strong
possibility after the return of Agriculture Principal Secretary Serge Savy
last weekend from a fact-finding tour of Japanese cities and agricultural
projects. The two-week visit followed close on the heels of one by

Dr. Maxime Ferrari, the Planning and Development Minister, who visited Japan
at the beginning of this month to look into a possible strengthening of
economic, commercial and friendly relations. Mr. Savy, who visited different
parts of Japan, including Tokyo and two other islands with officials of the
Japan International Cooperation Agency, said that Seychelles could benefit
greatly from Japan's experience, especially in the development of irrigation
and agricultural mechanisation. If co-operation between the two countries
improved, Japan might also help the training in technical sectors, Mr. Savy
added. [Text] [Victoria NATION in English 21 Apr 82 p 2]

CsO: 4700/1196

51



MUGABE'S EMERGENCE AS 'TRUE STATESMAN' HIGHLIGHTED

Harare THE HERALD in English 28 Apr 82 p 8

[Article by Tendai Mutunhu]

[Text]

(SINCE assuming ‘the
leadership and . pre-
miership of indepen-

dent Zimbabwe, after”

a bitter; destructive
revolutionary war,.Mr

Robert . Mugabe _ has

justifiably ‘and over-:

whelmingly won the
admiration . of © not
only the citizens of
this dynamic country,
but also that of the
international com->

munity.

This has come about be-
cause of his political so-
phistication and
astuteness,  {nternational
statesmanship, recon-
cillatory, posture, racial
tolerance and under-
standing, ideological and
philosophical commitment,

and his respect for the”

tule of law.

The Prime Minister has’
many highly desired per-

sonal traits. He is a man
of viston and foresight. In
addition, he is a very
highly " principled and
ethical man who cherishes
and values’ high moral
standards. He - respects
discipline, human values
and the principles of
equality.

~ Mr Mugabe has become

‘a. well-known — inter-.

national figure mainly be-
cause of his belief in and
commitment to the con-
cepts of pan-Africanism,
jnon-alignment and the

‘interdependence of na-
tions.

He is a very strong ad-
voecate ~of regio. co
operation and collective
security. ag

cheety. be uae ben 22
‘active inter-
national forums, advocat-
ing the eradication of ra-
cial oppression and. sup-
pression, the elimination
of any form of colonialism
and and imperialism, and the

neo~
colonialism and the ex-
ploitation of man by man..

At home, he has made a
commitment to the estab-
lishment and attainment
c._a socialist, egalitarian,
and democratic society in
Zimbabwe. To create such
a revolutionary and dy-
namic society, five basic,
but fundamental prin-
ciples seem to be strongly
advocated.

First, under the. prin-
ciple of nationalism, the
inculeation of respect for
ali citizens without regard
to race, colour, ethnic af-
iltation, and religion is
not only deemed ‘neces-
sary, but also highly de-
sirable.

‘The second principle
could be termed a ‘regard

93

ZIMBABWE

for ‘the common man and

:woman. . This — principle
centres on the complete
and systematic elimina-
tion of privileges and
reserved rights and the
acsertion of popular and
universal rights and pro-
tections.
, The third’ pfinciple in-
jvolves, ‘ideological -ortenta-"
‘tion and direction. What
this mears is that the
people, especially’ the
youth, who are the future
leaders of . Zimbabwe,
should be given the cor-
rect ideological per
spective and direction. —
This involves” stressing
the importance of co-
operation,- collective
responsibility; military
training and preparedness,
and the belief in socialist
and human and  de-
mocratie principles. The
interests of the nation and
the people should | be
paramount in this
ideological education.

The fourth principle ts
the establishment and at-
tainment of a socialist’
economic system. Under a
sociallstic economic
system, the people will
own. and ‘control the
means of production and
all the natural resources
f the country.

The ownership and con-
trol of the means of 'pro-
duction entails a greater
revolutionary Tespon-
sibility that calls for hard



BILL TO ALLOW INTERCEPTION OF POSTAL COMMUNICATIONS REPORTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 8 May 82 p 4

[Article by Jaap Theron in Cape Town]

[Text]

‘ANY form of po
‘munication can ‘pe inter-
‘cepted for as long as six
months according to pro-
visions in the Post Of-
fice Amendment Bill
‘tabled in the House of
‘Assembly.

= The simendment
‘scraps the reference of
‘interceptance by tele-
phone and telegram and
replaces it with the in-
terception of any com-
munication in respect of
services by the Depart-
ment of Posts and Tele-
communications “in the
interests of the security
of the Republic”.

The amendment says

tions could at the re-
‘quest of*

(1) The Minister who
administers the Nat-
ional Intelligence Ser-
wvice, the Minister of
‘Law and Order or the
Minister of Defence,
acting with the concur-
rence of the Minister,
or;

@) The Minister or an
officer authorized there-
to by the Minister; may,
depending on the nature
of the request, direct
that a particular postal
article or a particular

cso: 4700/1193

{communication which
thas been or is being or is
intended to be trans-
mitted by telephone or
in any other manner
over a telecommunica-
tions line be_ inter-
cepted, or that all postal
articles or all such com-
munications to or from
any particular person,
body or organization be
intercepted for such
period, but not exceed-
ing six months, as the
‘fanetionary concerned
‘may determine and
specify.

‘The ‘amendment pro
vides that The State Se-
\eurity Council estab-
lished under the
Security Intelligence
and State Security
Coungil Act, 1972 (Act
No 64 of 1972), shall from
time to time designate
the person or persons in
the service of the State
dwho may make the re-
© quest:

‘That sufficient par-
ticulars be supplied to
identify any postal arti-
ele or communication in-
volved, including par-
ticulars relating to the
name, and — where
known, the address of
the person, body or orga-
nization concerned, and
any number allocated by
‘the department in re-

{spect of any telecomms
‘nications service © in-
volved.

That the functionary
concerned or, if he is not
available, any other
functionary may, upon
the written application
of the person concerned,
extend, for a period not
exceeding six months at
‘a time, any period deter-
mined if he is satisfied
that the extension is
necessary in the inter-
ests of the security of

ithe Republic.

‘That where. a func-
tionary issues a direc-
tion the person who
imade the request or any
{person expressly auth-
‘orised thereto by him
may take possession of
and examine any postal
artiele or telegram or, as
the case may be, listen
in to or make a recording
of any communication,
‘and that no officer occu-
pying in the Department
of Post of a lower grad-
ing than that of the post
of Deputy Postmaster
General shall be author-
ized to order intercep-
‘tion, and no person oc-
cupying a post of alower
grading than that of
Deputy Director Gener-
al in'the Public Service
shall be designated to
intercept communica-
tions.

72

SOUTH AFRICA



SENEGAL

BRIEFS

DIOUF VISITS PARIS--President Diouf arrived in Paris recently for a three-day
official visit. He landed at Orly airport from Niamey, Niger, when he had
been in talks with President Kountche. Asked about the recent Summit held in
Nairobi on the split in the OAU (for report see page 1224), the President
said: "This. meeting is one of the few chances we have to preserve the unity
of the organisation; if we do not achieve something, the Tripoli Summit will
see the situation worsen." On the possibility of holding an extraordinary
Summit in Dakar before the Tripoli Summit, President Diouf said: "From a
political point of view I would be happy to hold such a summit, but unfortu-
nately we do not have the necessary infrastructural requirements." The
President was also questioned on the results of the political ouverture in
Senegal. He said the experience had so far been beneficial; there had been
a raising of political consciousness in the country. The situation was
better than that which had obtained before, and nothing but good could come
of it, he added. [Text] [London WEST. AFRICA in English No 3378, 3 May 82

3 May 82 pp 1225, 1226]

ARRESTS FOR ILLEGAL ENRICHMENT--The Special Court set up in 1980 to deal with
illegal enrichment has made more arrests. Among the arrested are M. Baba
Dioum, a former Director of the Societe Nationale des Forages (irrigation)
and M. Babacar Ba, a manager of the Banque Senegalaise de L'Habitat (the
housing bank). The Director-General of the Banque de L'Habitat, M. Becaye
Sene, was arrested on similar charges in March. Three others have also been
arrested by the Court: MM. Badara Faye, Jean-Pierre Rigoulot and Lamine
Diarra. All three were employees of the now defunct agricultural buying
agency, Oncad. All of the accused are liable to prison sentences and fines
of up to the value of their ill-gotten gains. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in
English No 3378, 3 May 82 p 1226] .

BELGIAN SECRETARY OF STATE'S VISIT--The Belgian Secretary of State for
Co-operation and Development, Mrs Jacqueline Mayence, visited Dakar for

last week's meeting of the Senegal-Belgium Joint Commission. [Text]
[London WEST AFRICA in English No’ 3378, 3 May 82 p 1226]

CsO: 4700/1195

33



SOVIET MISSION STUDIES CONSTRUCTION

Victoria NATION in English 23 Apr 82 pp 1, 10

[Excerpt]

{FURTHER cooperation be

tween Seychelles and the
USSR, this time in construc-
tion and civil engineering, is
to be expected following a
fact-findirig mission by a Aus*
sian delegation of highly qua-
lified architects and. civil en-
gineers. 7

The three-man delegation

who arrived on April 8 and:

leave ori the 25, investigated
the. current state of construc-
tion and building materials
and also studied the pro-
blems facing the country in
this field.

A full programme has en-
abled the delegation to get
a deep insight into’ Seychel-
les’ needs forthe manufac-
ture of building materials on
Mahe, Praslin and La Digue.
They have also had the op-
portunity to study the needs
of the outer islands. through
written information.

During. their two-week mis-

cso: 4700/1196

‘sion here the delegation held’
discussions with the Planning

‘and Development Minister,

Dr. Maxime Ferrari, the Mi-
nister for Transport and Tour-
isth, Mr. Esme Juthedu, MF.
P. Noad, the Director of Tech-
Gal Services, and several pu-
blic and private company of-
ficials about the state of con-
struction in the country at
presént. Under discussion
were the possibilities of a
sand washing plant, primary
and secondary crushers, a
coral/concrete cutting plant,
a block-makina machine, a
dredaer and the production
of spun pipes.

The Russian delegation vi-
sited building and construc-
tion company work sites,
quarries and housing estates,
thus seeing at first hand the
achievements of and the pro-
blems facing Seychellois ar-
chitects and builders.

45

SEYCHELLES



STRENGTHENING LINKS WITH PROGRESSIVE STATES REPORTED

Victoria NATION in English 26 Apr 82 pp 1, 2

[Text ]

(BACK in Seychelles after a’

brief working visit in the Li-
byan Arab Jamahiriyah, the
Minister of Youth and Defen-
ce. Mr. Ogilvy Berlouis, has
expressed satisfaction with
the result of his talks in Tri-
poli. i

Mr Berlouis returned yes-
terday morning after a series
.of talks with the Commander
‘of the Armed Forces of Libya,’
Mr. Younes Jabel, on topics
of mutual interest to the two
countries. .

Minister Berlouis was met
on arrival at the International |
Airport by representatives of
the Defence Council and the
Secretary of the Libyan Peo-
ple’s Bureau in Victoria, Mr.
Habib Deeb.

tyes

Also returning yesterday

was the Minister of Labour’
and Social Security, -Mr Phili-

bert Loizeau, from a three-
nation tour which took him

-*‘I6 Zimbabwe, India and the,

Democratic People’s Repu-
blic of Korea.

cso: 4700/1196

Minister Loizeau left Sey-!
chelles early this month for!
Zimbabwe to attend the Or-
ganisation of African Unity’s
sixth ministerial labour con-
ference in Salisbury. He then
flew to the Indian capital of
New Delhi for a three-day in-
ternational conference on the
Juche idea — _ the guiding
ideological force promoting
self-reliance in the success
of the socialist revolution of
the DPRK.

In Pyongyang, the Korean
capital to which he flew from
New Delhi. Minister Loizeau
‘was one of the guests at
the 70th birthday celebra-
tions of President’ Kim Il

Sung.

Mr Loizeau had a theeting
with the Korean leader and
same of his ministers and
also made contact with many
-0f the large number of pro
‘gressive militants préserit at
the celebrations.

Minister koizeau is one
more Seychellois who has re-
turned from Korea with great
impressions of a hard-work-
_lfig arid happy sdcléty. sap

50

SEYCHELLES



SCHEDULING OF LIBERATION ANNIVERSARY REPORTED

Victoria NATION in English 23 Apr 82 pp 1, 2

[Text]

IPaREY "branched eas bees, fo
cailed upon to ‘help*make'this

‘year's fifth Liberation anni
‘versary festivities a trully
proud and nationwide peo-
ple’s celebration of the mo-
mentous launching of the
Seychellois socialist revolu-
tion.

In an interview broadcast
last night by Radio-Seyche-
les, Mr. James Michel, the
chairman of Liberation cele-
brations . organising commit-
‘tee, pointed out that the
celebration of five years of
‘sucessful popular revo-
lution could not be as
grand an affair as it would
have been because much of
the funds had been diverted
into economic reconstruction
after last November’s abor-
‘tive mercenary invasion - of
the Republic.

“Still June5, 1977 is the
greatest milestone in Sey-
chelles’ history,” M. Michel,

the Seychelles People’s Pro-,

igressive Front Publicity Se

‘the gains of the continuing:
revolution under the gui-”
[dance of the’ SPPF, the event
jstil deserves proud, dignified
}and joyous celebrations.”

So, the eight-member orga-
inising committee has deci-

SEYCHELLES

‘very large “parade with the
Defence ‘Forces,
“Youth Movements and SPPF
branches taking part.

The parade, -which was. be-
ing organised by the Ministry
of Youth. and Defence, will
demonstrate, Mr. Michel. said,
the country’s defence capabi-
lity and the pride.

‘ded to decentialise festivities
to the districts with party
branches mobilising more
‘people than ever in organi-
sing activities.

“The districts”, Mr. Michel

explained, ‘are >_being_ asked.

fto. crganise: “more activities
than ever before through
their SPPF branches and in
collaboration with the dis-
trict police, militia and
schools”.

“For example, parties could
be organised’ on June 1, In-
ternational Children’s Day. to
he!p put school children in a
festive mood.” ‘

Once again the highlight of
the celebrations will be a

46

determination of :
youth. It is also expected
ithat there will"be the tradi-
tional presidential address to
‘the nation.

The venue and organisa-
tion of the parade, however,
still had to be decided :upon
and worked. out. i

In Victoria the committee ex-
pected merchants, -business-
es and government ministries
and departments: to co-ope-
rate by sprucing up and de-
corating their buildings.

“The Seychelles Electrici-
city Corporation has present-
.ed the committee with R50,000
for coloured Jights and flags
to decorate the town”, the
Minister said.



ESTABLISHMENT OF CP IN OUDTSHOORN SEEN AS THREAT TO BOTHA

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 8 May 82-p 8

[Text]

jUDESHOORN. — Conservative Party

foranches will be established © at

{Oudtshoorn, De Rust, Calitzdorp, George
‘and Mossel Bay next week, local organi-
sers of the party said in Oudtshoorn yes-

terday. :
The announce-
ment followed a suc-
cessful meeting held
at. Oudtshoorn on
Wednesday night by
the leader. of the
Conservative - Party,
Dr Andries Treur-
“nicht. .

More than 700 people
“were packed into the
Civic’ Theatre, which
“has seating for only
600, and a full vote of
confidence in Dr Treur-
“nicht was adopted at
the end of the four-
hour-long meeting.

Mr Jan Hoon, MP for
Kuruman and Chief
Whip of the new party
announced that a com-
pany, the Conservative
Press of South Africa,
chad been formed and
‘would produce the first
‘issue of the party's
“mewspaper, Die Patriot,
‘this month. - He’ pre-
‘dicted that Kuruman
would send a CP mem-
‘ber to Parliament at
‘the next election and

also - Oudts-
hoorn and George, the
‘constituency ‘of the

cso: 4700/1193

Prime Minister, Mr P W
Botha,

Dr Treurnicht said
his party rejected the
principle of power shar-
ing and mixed govern-
ment, which was some-
thing new and which

_had never been accept-

ed by the National
Party.

The CP agreed that
Indians and Coloured
people should be con-
sidered South Africans,
but insisted- that. they.
develop independently
in every respect and not
jointly with Whites.

He warned that no
party was a holy cow
and that any party that
ignored the heartbeat
of a nation, was on its
way out. — Sapa.

75

SOUTH AFRICA



POLICE INTIMIDATION OF TEACHERS DENIED

SWAZILAND

Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 27 Apr 82 pp 1, 20

[Article by James Dlamini]

[Text]

Siphetse
Diamini has cate-
gorically denied
charges that the
government is us-
iing the Police Spe-
cial Branch to int-

‘imidate teachers.

jAddressing teachers
of the Shiselweni dis-
‘trict in Nhlangano, at
the weekend, Canon
Dlamini said the gove-
rmment is not seeking
to coerce teachers into
accepting a one-sided

ckage deal. He ref-*

‘uted a letter published
jin The Times last.

mi
jhelp of the police,
‘engaged in a sustained
‘campaign of intimi-

.dation. against me-
umbers of the teaching
rofession.

“A teaching association
‘Contributes towards the de-
‘velopment of education.
any organisation,
be infiltrators
iwho work to promote their
own interests. They work to
sow seeds of mistrust.

F"You should ©
against these people. To be
fa leader you have to be a*
man of integrity. You sho-
uld be able to separate
truth from false-hood. My
“ministry does not need to
"use the police in our mee-
tings with teachers,” he
, Said.
' After the meeting, the
| Peqmanent Secretary for
Education Mr. Musa Nsi-
‘bandze told me that his
‘ministry had requested the
, Commissioner of police to
{ask his then to keep low
vin these meetings with tea-
| chers.
t Canon. Dlamini told the
! meeting that it was not his
‘habit to be defensive or to
gloat over successes. Canon
(Dlamini said he has done
is utmost’.best to protect
‘teachers against unjustified
eo] of any nature.
He said where he had
“given warnings, he had
qdone s so out of “love and
thierly sympathy. He said
fhe-had not, at any stage
misrepresented teachers or
betrayed them before any
‘body, but rather suffered
yon their behalf.
On the issue of SNAT, |

‘acknowledged that efforts
are being made to have the
yban lifted. He stated that
‘before the ban can be lifted
it’ was necessary for all
(concerned to be convinced

guar

85

fend ‘satisfied Fthe-step tol

t Fite the ban contribute
ipossitively and make it
easier to work with the
teaching profession.

He stated that it had to be
realised that the association
FwillemOt work Iil150
‘put that its presence will
thave implications on the
{government as well as the

jeommunity. He said he had
je out of his way to en-

x He stated that he had no-
j ted with great concern and
‘extreme regret that some te-
achers had taken an un-
‘fair advantage of the mee-
‘tings and made them fo-
“Tums for ‘pronouncing un-
solicited abuse and insults
Of officials sent to them.
He claimed that some of ‘
teachers had the “‘au-
‘dacity to challenge the |
government.” He warned
‘that such an act begins to
‘make it look. as though
there are definitely political
‘sentiments in the hearts of
‘some teachers.
. “Faced with such a si-
‘tuation, how can they hope
answer those who have
‘been claiming that the tea-
‘chers association had poli-
‘cal overtones?” he asked,

teachers don’t seem to

FIRST SPEAKER: “The
[function of the committees
the government wants us to



form the area into a demili-\

tarized zone of peace, They
urged the dismantling of fo-
Teign bases in order to trans-
form the Indian Ocean into a
zone of peace. In this connec-
tion, they called for the con-
vening of the United Nations
Conference on the demilitari-
zation of the Indian Ocean
zone of peace.

The two sides expressed
concern over the dangerous
development of ‘the - situation
in the MiddleEast owing to
the aggressive policy of Israel
aimed at perpetuating the oc-
cupation’ of Arab territories.

rights of the Palestinian peo-: |
ple, In this regard, they have.

firmly denounced Israel’s. at.
tempts to annex: the Golan
Heights belonging to Syria
and have reaffirmed their so-
lidarity. with the just struggle
of the Arab peoples, includ-
ing the Arab People of Pales-
tine, led by the PLO. They
have expressed. the: conviction
that the resumption of collec:
tive efforts within the frame-
work of a. special internatio-
nal conference of the. United
Nations. on the Middle-East
to be convened with the par-
ticipation of all interested. par-
ties including the PLO, will
contribute significantly to this
end. ‘

< The two leaders vigorously
condemned the recent shoot-

ig at the Mosque in Jerusa- {

lem, They stressed that this
barbarous act is part of the
process of repression against
the Arab population-in the

occupied territories by Israel.

Greatly preoccupied byt the
gantinvation of _ the conflict

countries, ‘Trak | and Iran, a 3
two sides consider that all en-
deavours should be under-
taken to reach a solution to
the conflict,

In this connection, they
commended the steps. taken
by the Non-Aligned Move.
ment in a bid to get the two
parties to the negotiating ta-
ble.

. The ‘two leaders reaffirmed
their total solidarity with the
people of Latin America and
the. Carribean in _ Particular -

with the people of El Salva-"

dor struggling for their poli-
tical; economic and’ social

emahicipation., By the same.
token, they expressed. their-so-”
lidarity-. with’ the peop'e - of .

Cuba, Nicaragua and -Grena-

da in their relentless efforts. to:

safeguard. and consolidate’
their hard-won achievements
and overcome the challenge
posed by imperialism.

They expressed their sup-
port for all the activities un-
* dertaken on the question of
the reundfication of Korea, in
conformity with the profond
aspirations of the Korean
people.

The two parties . reaffirmed
their total:adherence to. the
principles and. objectives of
the Non-Aligned” Movement.
They underlined: that the poli-
{cy-of non-algnment is an im-
portant factor in the struggle
for. the total: beration and
emancipation of peoples from

>

40

the ‘colonial and imperialist
"yoke, on the basis of equality,
respect and mutual benefit in
order to ensure the develop-
ment and progress of the peo-
ples and to safeguard peace
and. security’ im the world.
They expressed the hope that

the 17th Non-Aligned Summit’

will be held in Bahdad as
scheduled and be crowned
with success.

In reviewing the economic
situation, the two sides ex-
pressed their concer. at the
meagre results and the lack
of necessary will on the part
“of the developed countries to:
contribute to the fundament-
,al changes in the existing in-
ternational economic relations.
The need to srengthen the so-
lidarity of all non-aligned and.
other developing “countries ‘so
as.to Contribute, through joint
acion, to the establishment of,
the New International Econo:

both rarties. They also stres-
sed that the need for African
countries to cooperate on @
regional basis is more vital to-
jday than ever before.

They reiterated their sup.
port for the efforts undertak-
en by the developing countries
to emsure ‘sovereignty, over
their own natural resources,
‘abolish alt forms of colonial
\and neo-colonial. exploitation
and remove any artificial ob-
stacles and discrimination in.
world trade.

The two sides expressed
the hope that the - eleventh
session of the United Nations

mic Order was ‘stressed by,



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Ba1-
B42-
B42A-GENERATE RDP:
B42B-SUPPLIER SRC CD:

06 )Sub-Saharan Africa Report, No.
627.¢

11 )25 May 82,¢

CONTROL NUMBER:
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PAGEQ



JPRS 80894

25 May 1982
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT
No. 2627
ConTENTS
BOTSWANA
Devaluation of Pula Reported
(THE CITIZEN, 8 May 82) .......-.0--- eee eee eee eee eee 1

CAMEROON

Goals of Fifth Development Plan Explained
(Justine Le Norcy; AFRICA, Mar 82) ........

Loan Agreement Signed with Saudi Arabia
(CAMEROON TRIBUNE, 9 Mar 82) ...

Briefs
Refugee Camps Closed

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

“Briefs
Kolingba Stressing Agriculture

CONGO

Activities of Visiting WFIU Delegation Described
(MWETL, 3 Apr 82) ....s.eeeeeee ccc coccn ence ceescecees se eeeeees

Results of Joint Congolese-Cuban Commission Session
(MWETL, 3 Apr 82) .......... beeen eee e eee e ener ene eee eee cee

Briefs
PRC Protocol Signed
Bimonthly Regional Newspaper (ACI)
EQUATORIAL GUINEA

Briefs
President on Constitution

11

13
13

14

-a- (III - NE & A - 120]



fand noi mmetary ind!
‘gecurities to the savers, In
ifhis case the financial sec-
itor ‘merely channels funds
‘from surplus to deficit
junitg: :

A’ relationship between
ithe growth of the finan-
cial sector and economic
development is established
lwhen a mechanism is em-
ployed to induce savings
and stimulate investment.
This happens when the

“creation of various finan-

[elal. “go-betweens” gen-
‘erates not only additional
jsavings put also results in
a widespread allocation of
‘surplus funds towards
| productive investments.
‘Tt ig then that th
finatcial sector C0!
tributes to economic - de-
‘velopment. “ !
‘In order to empirically
determine the extent of
such a contribution, 57 de-
weloping and 19 developed
countries were selected as
‘the data set.on the basis
of the availability of

HFatevaat financial and in-'
come information (at con-
stant 1970 US$) contained
in the IMF publication
International =‘ Financial
Statiatics \ (various
lissuea). ‘The data set is
given in Table 1.

A. jor feature of
finan development is
financial — deepening
(regarded in this article
‘as the use of financial
stocks),

QUASI-MONEY

Specifically, with
economic development,
financial assets grow rela-
tive to income, ie. the
ratio of assets to income
increases. The indices of
financial deepening used
in this article‘ are the
ration of quasi-money
(QM) to Bone domestic
product (GDP) and of
money, sbroadly defined
(M) to GDP.

The first proposition
that is examined is that
Re capita, GDP is a

ction of financial deep-
ening. The reaults of the
relevant calculations are
given in Table 2.

‘When all the countries
in the data set are used it”
ig found that there is a
significant statistical
result, with the Coef-
ficients of both (QM/
GDP) and (M/GDP) when
regressed on per capita

cso: 4700/1192

4 SDP having the expected |
* positive signs.

‘This means that per

capita GDP increases as
financial deepening in-
| creases.
\, For the sub-set con-
taining only developing
countries, however, only
‘the per capita GDP versus
(QM/GDP) relationship is
ptatistically . significant,
while for the developed
countries sub-set no sige
nificant relationship is
found and the coefficients
of both (QM/GDP) and
(M/GDP) are —-wrong-
sided, Le. per capita GDP
decreases as financial
deepening increases.

This ‘latter-most ob-
servation may be due to
the fact that (QM/GDP) |
‘and (M/GDP) are not
adequate measures of
financial deepening in de-
veloped economies because
the more developed the
ifmancial sector the

and ‘services originating’
from financial institutions
ether than commercial
(banks (such as sayings
‘and insurance companies).
In less developed
‘economies such  in-
stitutions play a relatively
;unimportant role.

[that tg’ ecamnided te the!
‘link between financial de-
‘velopment and economic
‘growth way of a
stimulation of savings
(and their channelling to
investment financng),.

It is therefore necessary
‘to see if an empirical rela-
itionship. exists between
tapital accumulation

(measured here as gross
capital formation per
GDP). and financial deep-
ening; The results (see
Table 3) show that such a
relationship does exist, is
statistically ‘ significant
for all the data sub-sets
~(all-developing and. de
veloped countries) and the.
coefficients of both (QM/
GDP) and (M/GDP) are
‘right-sided, ie. the
greater the, extent of
‘finanvial deepening the
ater the extent to
which investment is
“undertaken: .

‘The empirical results,
though not conclusive, in-
@icate that, on the whole,
financial deepening results
im a higher level of ‘per
eapita income and a
higher rate of capital ac+
eumulation.
| ‘This. lends support to
‘the supply-leading thesis
of the role of the financial
sector in-economic devel-
opment.

(TABLE ‘ONE: Countries

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Algeria; Benin: Bolivia;

‘Cameroon; China, Rep. off, Col
bia; Dominican Republic;
Egypt, Ivador;

a
mala; Guyana; ’ Haiti;
India; Indonesia; Iran; Iraq; Ivory
ast; Jordan; Kenya; Korea; Ma-
Iagasy Rep.;” Malawi; Malaysia;
‘Mauritania; "Mauritius; Morocco:
Nepal; Niearazua; Nigeria; Paki-
stan; Paraguay; Peru; ' Philip-
pines; Rwanda; Senegal; Sierra

(FABLE TWO: The effect of finan- “TABLE THREE: The effect of |

cial deepening on per capita GDP. \ financial

() Financial

in the data set!

Leone; South Vietnam; Sri,Lanka:
sudan; Syria; Tanzania; Thailanc

‘Trinidad/Tobago: Tunisia;
Upper Volta;

COUNTRIES

Belgium; Canada; Den
\d; France; Germany,

Israel; Italyi
Netherlands; New

Toelal
ait;

ep.
3K
Zealand; Norway; Sweden; Switzer.
land; United Kingdom; United

deepening on ‘capital

Ppp Capita GDP. (1970), US$) “accumulation.

‘Deepening veloping Developed,
(QM/GDP) Countriest Countriest Countriest’ (a) Financial Gross capital formation per GDP
Gn %) jeepening =! in %)
o bed 282 2960 (QM/GDP) All Developing Developed
10 ug 2 868 + dn%) Countries Countries Countries
1600 516 2715 0° 17 BLY ty
2182 684 2683 21 24
2765 851 2590 24 26 1B
3348 («1018 2 498 28 31 3
4b) Financlat 22 36 3s
Deepening All Developing Developed 36 a
, (M/GDP) Countriest Countries Countries ancial
dn %) Deepening All Developing Developed
o 435 16 3188 (M/GDP) Countries . Countries Countries
20 691 232 3066 ©
ao 7 289 2 a “4 14 “4,
. 6 1202 385 2 B22 rv 16 18
1457 401 2700 40 20 19 22
f 13 458. 2578 60 - B 22 26
| statistically significant results, 0: ee RB 8

‘i Statistically insignificant results.

103

28
All results in this table are statistically significant,



SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY ON BISHOP LAMONT'S 'DISILLUSIONMENT' WITH ZIMBABWE
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 May 82 p 6

{Article by Aida Parker: "The Disillusioning of a Revolutionary Hero"]

[Text]

{BISHOP Desmond
. (Tutu, general sec-
"retary of the South
african Council of
iChurches, was
quoted this weekend
fas saying the SACC
‘intends pressing on

with plans to minis- |

liter to “refugees”.
[Others think of them
as “terrorists ".
: Other exponents of
ithe theology of liber-
‘ation ‘have, in the re-
jeent past, expressed
‘similar’ sentiments,
jmost notably in what
pres once Rhodesia.

Most jarring example
shere was that country’s
‘foremost “turbulent
ipriest,”’ the Roman
{Catholic Bishop of Um-
‘tali, the Rt Rev Dr Do-
‘nal Lamont.
\ An Irish-born cleric
‘who spent nearly 35
lyears in. Rhodesia, Dr
‘Lamont was also presi-
‘dent of the highly con-
troversial Catholic Jus-
‘tice and =~ Peace
Commission.

‘As Zimbabwe's Sta-
slinist leader, Mr Robert
Mugabe, was quick to
point out when he took
Jpower, the Commission
jen the Catholic"

‘Church generally play-

ed a huge role in help-

g to establish a Marx-
Hist Zimbabwe.

© How does Dr Lamont
[regard that fact today?

Let’s examine his re-
cent history.

ibeen one of UDI’s an-
riest critics, Dr La-
‘mont hit world head-
dines in August 1976,
ywhen he wrote an
§open” letter to Mr Ian
{Smith a few hours after
fbeing shaken from his
“bed by a Frelimo mor-
itar fired from nearby
“Mozambique.
| As plaster fell from
fhis ceiling, the prelate
rtedly “offered a
ip Mall prayer and Kept
his head down.”
Fit was the Smith re-
{igime, he wrote, which
[because of its “refusal”
[to change must be con-
{sidered guilty “of what-
jever misery and blood-
\shed may follow.”
© The most important
‘part of the-letter, how-
sever, was a clear hint
that in future mission
‘stations might not turn
‘away terrorists who
tasked for help.
* That infuriated the
‘smith Government. A
few weeks later, La-
‘mont, was charged
under Section 51 of the
‘Law and Order Main-
itenance Act, which car-
iried maximum penal-
ities of death or life
imprisonment.

63

Although he had long;

“The charges arose
from assistance given
‘to armed terrorists at
;the remote Avial mis-
ion 20 km from the
“Mozambique border in
{April and June 1976.

If Lamont was seek-
jing world celebrity, he
certainly achieved it.

The four-day trial be-
an in the Umtali Re-
ional Court in Septem-
‘ber.
= Western media de-
§scended on Umtali with
ia vengeance. Their ef-
forts did not go unre-
arded. In a 33 000-
word pontification read
‘from the dock Lamont
Spelt out many helptul
thints on reform.

4 As for the charge he
= was facing, he declared
“that protecting terror-
Fists was “a legitimate
ct of -passive resist-
jance.”
& ‘On September 30 La-
{mont was sentenced to
210 year’s imprisonment.
=. Messages of support

\US Presidential candi-
‘date Jimmy Carter.

Not. unexpectedly,
the WCC weighed in, as
did Amnesty Internat-
Honal, Defence and Aid,
ithe International Com-



@ ‘geological arid: geophysic-

|. surveys-rélated to oil explo-"

-tation in Indian and overseas,
‘both on and off shore, Des-
‘pite the skepticism of West-
ern geologists and oil experts

who said that the Indians
were wasting ‘their time
searching for oil, ONGC’s

work has helped bridge  In-
dia’s oil gap between domes-
tic ‘production and imports
so much that the country
now produces half its needs.
The aim is to make India
self-sufficient by the erid of
the decade.

duced over 82 million tonnes
of crude oil and 8,245 million

: cubic metres of gas after

drilling 1,824 wells, 1,141 | or
68 per cent of which were
productive.

Also on thé subject’ of

Léherdy anid again in | Déthi,

Mr. Grandcourt discussed In-
dia’s research into and stic-
éesges in using solar defy
with the Section for Alterha-
tive Sources of Enegry in the
Department of Science and
Technology. Once again In-
dian officials agreed to help
were possible, especially in
the development of a_ solar
eneray packaoce for small is-
lands. bv sending one = of
their exoerts here.

cso: 4700/1196

To date ONGC has pro-.

49

rc
* Officials, . Mr.

With” other. Government
+Grandcourt
speeded: up the ‘implementa-
tion of a R25 million loan
from the Indian Government
for Seychelles to buy Indian
building materials for _ its
housing programmes.

The purchase of Indian ma-
terial was also the subject of
talks. which Mr. Grandcourt,
as’ Chairman of the WEL
Board of Directors, had with
the patastatal’s Indian sup-
pliers. :

SAP



UNIVERSITY STUDENTS PREPARE TO SERVE IN BUSH

Harare THE HERALD in English 24 Apr 82 p 1

[Text]

(MOBT University
‘babwe students are pre-
pared to serve: in com-
jmunal areas during vaca-
tions, says the Students’
Representative Council.
A’ statement signed by
ithe president of the Stu-
dents’ Union, Mr Morgan
Changamire,. the  vice-
president, Mr Mike Chui,
and the eight other mem-
bers of the SRC, said:
“We are aware of the
critical shortage of.teach-
efs in the communal areas.
“We. believe that the
bulk of the student body
would not hesitate to ac-
cept the challenge of tak-
ing up reading, teaching
or study-guide posts in
these areas during their
vacations.”
The policy
paid The Year of National
‘Transformation. was an
inspired challenge to all
Zimbabweans, regardless
of race, creed or colour,
and*the students had ac-
cepted this.
The students and the
council would:

csO: 4700/1192

statement.

sity to ‘the people and
break the “splendid iso-
lation” of the past.

@ Take part in the edu-
cational and cultural ad-
vancement of Zimbabwe,
help organise - cultural
festivals on: campus and,
‘wherever possible, help in
such festivals in other
parts of the country.

@ Help the university re-
structure courses to make
them more relevant and
‘petter able to equip the
student for the nation’s
Beeds, °
“@ Seek. to improve ac-
‘commodation, transport,
-eatering, communication
iand library services on
campus.

i@ Work for. the revival
Sof campus magazines and
‘newsletters. '

“@ Review the Students’
“Union constitution, .draf-
ited 10 years ago, so that
it reflects. the political
“changes in the nation.

98

ZIMBABWE



-Diego Garcia’ to the
' military base. He had to choose his words

US. to set up a
carefully in reasserting the Mauritian claim
to the territory without in any way jeopardis-
ing its interest. But in the process he has
rendered himself by Ne eecieal oe further
misrepresentation is litical opponents,
who have been fiercely denouncing him,
as an apologist of the Western military
buik-up in the Indian Ocean.

Sore point

ft is a sore point that has led to
some degree of misunderstanding even
with India which has otherwise been support-
ing him all these years as one of the
central figures of the non-aligned movement.
Though Mauritius is not a part of the African
Community, Si Seewoosaguy made
island a member of the Organisation of
African Unity (OAU) and even hosted a,
summit in his country while he was president
of the organisation. !

He is well aware that the political
‘importance of Mauritius lies in its close
affinity with the Afro-Asian nations, especie:
Hy the littoral States of the Indian
and not in undue identification with the
Wester powers, more especially Britain
and the United States. He has, |
been aiming at a balanced relationship |
that would enable Mauritius to trade with

South Africa and maintain minimal tinks
with it, without in any way compromising
the island's political position. : |
tt is not easy to perform such a delicate
, operation even at the best of
times, let alone in moments of increasi
tensions in the Indian Oven. He hes tied
to do what he could with ‘consummate
skill to safeguard the interests of Mauritius
by extracting all the advantages open to
it in this complex situation. He consciously
opted for a policy of offsetting the island's
i dependence on the West with countervailing |
_ relationship with both China and the Soviet
Union. {

He did not hesitate to dismiss the
former Foreign Minister, Sir Gaetan Duval,
even at the risk of a collapse of his coalition
Government, when the leader
advocated friendship with South Africa,
a pro-Westem tilt in foreign policy ar
‘even offer of base facilities to the US.
in ‘the name of counteracting communist
influence. As a stauch nationalist, he has
firmly adhered to non-alignment and done
his best to steer a middle course avoiding
Big Power entanglements, while pursuing

a Policy of close friendship with India,’
a, mother country for the great majority !

i

well by some very
and senior civil servants,
to carry on his shoulders some undeserving
ones who have proved to be a big liability
in the long run The old man's
integrity’ and sincerity of purpose have

ig the present Governor-General, Sir
Cobat Secretary who has ‘kept up the
tradition set by his distinguished _pre-
decessor, Sir Osman, of acting
as a friend, phi and guide of

Prime Minister in governing this small
highly diversified ‘society with many
antagonisms

Lt;

"else to facilitate political accommodation.

23

# it became imperative in the process
of forming a stable government after the
coming elections.

ft is anybody's guess. at this stage
what is going to happen in these elections.
If it is not wise to hazard any forecast,
it would be doubly wrong to write off
any party In advance on the basis of sub-
jective impressions. It is a neck-and-neck



means of production and international competition are only adding to the diffi-
culties. The only possible client for the company would be the state or state
enterprises. Currently, the development of a number of infrastructure projects
of an industrial and economic sort, however, justifies the company's hopes for
a serious and confident clientele in the near future.

5157
csO: 4719/779

19



FINANCIAL SECTOR'S ROLE ANALYZED

Harare THE HERALD in English 29 Apr 82 p 7

[Article by Dr Cladius Lewis, University of Zimbabwe]

[Text]

{TRADITIONALLY ‘the
financifl sector has re-
ceived little attention

in. the literature of

economic develo p-
ment, compared to
other factors like
Asbour and capital.

This is mainly because
of the emphasis. usually
placed on the savings —

estment nexus, with”

\the implication (which ts
‘arguably contentious)
that investment —_will

jalways be readily avail-

able.

‘The financial sector was
thus perceived as playing
a minor or passive role in
development, reflecting
\the lack of demand for
financial services. This
role is what economists
call “demand-following”s
| Recently, however, this
perception has undergone
‘some transformation ' to
the extent that the finan-
celal sector is now coun-
4 as ‘being

tenant
growth inducing and,’

hence, “supply-leading”,
‘Whether the role of the
financial sector 1s de-
mand-following or supply-
leading is, nonetheless, a
mfatter of controversy on
both theoretical and em-
“pirical grounds, :

y=. With regard to the fors
imer, there is still, a

noticeable vold in "the:

theory of finarice as it af-''
sfects economic de-
‘velopment. The empirical
evidence has been less
than definitive, with some
studies showing a supply-
leading role whilst others
finding the opposite,

It must be stressed,
however, that the evidence
has tended to be fragmen-
tary. It is more likely,
therefore, that the true
role straddles or in-
corporates elements from
each of the two models.

Economic development
js usually said to have oc-
curred when an economy
is transformed from a
“traditional” system — in
which per capita income is.
both low and displays
little or no long-run
growth—into a “modern”
one,

: LONG-RUN

| In this, per capita in-
‘come is relatively higher,
with actual or potential
long-run growth. In the
former system, firms are
typically owned and run
by owner-managers
_who, by and large, directly
finance investment from
stheir own savings, i.e.
internal or self-finance,

|. The amount of external
ifinance’ available is rela-
tively small and costly
and ‘the financial market
‘tends to be highly risk-
averse, This means in-
vestments that lead to
substantial increases in

102.

ZIMBABWE

(proasasivity are virtually
- ‘non-existent and capital
formation may occur
without any attendant
generation of financial
assets.
‘Typically, firms in such
an economy tend to be
“jacks of all trades” (in-
volved in all forms of
economic activity),
j@ichotomising the  de-
(elsions to save or to in-
vest.
‘This means that savings
are channelled to in-
jvestment on fewer and
fewer. occasions; In the
absence of @ mechanism
{to divert investable sur-
“pluses to Productive use
, economic relopment is
thus re' an
‘To bridge the gap be-
tween savings and in-
vestment (which widens
with increase in
“gpecialisation) one of two
approaches can be made.

One is through direct
external finance — in
jWhich ‘investors. who are
| borrowers issue open-
‘market. securities (bonds,
equity capital, etc.)
directly to the savers in
the non-financial sector
-who provide the durplus
funds.

| INDIRECT

‘The other approach is
‘through indirect finance
*— in which these bor-
rowers issue securities to
a financial sector that acts
as a “go-between” . and,
in turn, issues monetary



NIGER

KOUNTCHE DISCUSSES VISIT WITH ALGERIAN PRESIDENT
Niamey LE SAHEL in French 9 Apr 82 pp 1,3
[Article by Aboubacar Madougou]

[Excerpts] At exactly 11:10 am yesterday, Col Seyni Kountche, president of

the Supreme Military Council and chief of state, was welcomed at the Houari
Boumedienne international airport in Algiers by the chief of that state, Col
Chadli Bendjedid. President Seyni Kountche, who had departed from Niamey early
in the morning, was accompanied on this trip by Minister of Foreign Affairs and
Cooperation Daouda Diallo and Minister of Civil Service and Labor Mayaki
Issoufou.

A few moments after his arrival, the chief of state, in answer to questions
from Algerian journalists, said that his brief stay in Algeria should be viewed
within the context of the periodic talks scheduled between our two countries.
Niger and Algeria, two neighboring countries aspiring to the same kind of har-
monious development, very obviously maintain solid relations, President Kountche
added. He went on to say that his visit to Algiers is precisely a part of

the framework for redynamizing the cooperative links which bind Niger and
Algeria.

The chief of state recalled that the two coumtries are already working together
in important cooperation sectors with a view not only to the interests of our
two peoples, but the entire subregion as well. The trans-Saharan route, which
represents a firm link in regional and continental unity, provides proof of
this fruitful cooperation.

President Kountche went on to say that cadre training is another very important
sector, because the development of our countries can only be efficient if solid
_cadre training underlies it.
Subsequently, Presidents Seyni Kountche and Chadli Bendjedid had a private
interview of almost 2 hours at the imposing Palace of the People located in
the heart of Algiers. Again the question of bilateral and subregional coopera-
tion was raised. After this private talk, the two chiefs of state and their
delegations met for luncheon.

At 3 pm, President Kountche, who was accompanied to the Houari Boumedienne
airport by his host, President Chadli Bendjedid, left Algiers for Niamey.

31



“South Africa stands to lose too much by quit- |

ting SWA.

[t can therefore be expected to continue to
play for time, to stretch out negotiations to
the maximum, raising legitimate obstacles
and where necessary creating obstacles with
the appearance of legitimacy.

In other words, South Africa can be expect-
ed to project the same cool diplomacy it has
for nearly 36 years — since the first challenge
to its occupation of SWA.

Time and again South Africa has outman-
oeuvred the world. There is every reason to
believe that it will again succeed this time.

cso: 4700/1198

55



CENSUS VITAL--An equitable distribution of Zimbabwe's wealth could only be
effective if the Government is sure of the number of people in the country,
Mr Joseph Mapondera, the Census Manager, (Co-ordination and Administration),
said yesterday. Mr Mapondera was speaking at the opening of a one-week
training session for district administrators, who are to supervise the
census. "A population census is vital for the Government's rural-oriented
development policy because it enables the redistribution and enlargement of
the national cake," he said. "It is important to know how people are
distributed: factors affecting their economic and social life and factors
affecting their fertility, mortality, migration rates and the rate at which
these people are increasing," he said. He said a population census was
necessary because it helped people plan and make projections in demands for
amenities and services in the future. "District administrators, as the heads
of Government at local level, are central to the successful execution, evalu-
ation and implementation of the census results," he said. [Text] [Harare
THE HERALD in English 27 Apr 82 p 3]

SUGAR PRICE SLUMP--Zimbabwe's sugar industry has been "very hard hit" by the
slump in the international sugar price which is at its lowest for 2 1/2 years.
A spokesman for the Zimbabwe Sugar Association, Mr Geoff Thomas, said foreign
exchange earnings this year would be very low as a result of the price slump,
which on the London market was fetching only 126 pounds sterling a tonne,
according to latest figures. Zimbabwe exported about 200,000 tonnes of

sugar a year, but the price was well below the cost of production, and farm—
ers in the country were suffering badly. Mr Thomas said he saw no chance of
the sugar market recovering "in the short term" and so there was no point in
holding back sugar. "We have got to get rid of our crops." The crash in the
market comes as a result of heavy over-supply, climbing production and falling
consumption. In late 1980 fears of shortage pushed the London market to a
six-year high of 446 pounds sterling. The latest figure for world sugar
production this year is 96 million tonnes--six million tonnes above consump-
tion.--Ziana. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 27 Apr 82 p 5]

VISA LAWS EASED--Maputo--Mozambique and Zimbabwe have eased visa regulations
for each other's official delegations, AIM, the official Mozambique news
agency, reported here yesterday. Visas will now be issued to visiting dele-
gations at their point of entry and need no longer be applied for through
embassies. A note from the Mozambican Foreign Ministry said that official
delegations should nevertheless inform embassies of their expected date of
arrival and carry appropriate credentials to be shown on entry. Facilities
for Zimbabwean and Mozambican citizens to visit each other's countries was
one of the issues discussed by the two governments during Mozambican Presi-
dent Machel's visit to Zimbabwe in August 1980, AIM said. A spokesman in
the Zimbabwe Immigration Department yesterday afternoon confirmed the new
visa requirements for to and from the two countries and added that a memo-
randum to this effect had been circulated to the relevant officials.--Ziana.
[Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 27 Apr 82 p 5]

cso: 4700/1192 END

109..



DE KLERK DEPLORES SA'S INTERNATIONAL ISOLATION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 8 May 82 p 11

{Article by Jaap Theron]

[Text]

[sour AFRICA’S in-
ternational isolation is
‘growing, not shrinking,
‘Mr FW. de Klerk, Mini-
ister of Mineral ‘and
‘Energy Affairs, and
“Transvaal NP leader,
jsaid at Potchefstroom
| yesterday.

Mr De Klerk, guest
| speaker at a graduation
ceremony, referred to
ithe split in the NP and
jthe formation of the
;Conservatie Party and
ssaid that, in a realistic
ysense, it created a
imeasure. of confusion.
instead of waves, as cer-
;tain people alleged.

i. The’ confusion was
{the result of a feeling of
| being threatened.

He said terrorism
was increasing both in
‘volume and expertise.

“Socio-economic cir-
&cumstances provided a
fruitfull base for revo-
‘Jution in South Africa.”

.. “Internationally, our
isolation’ is growing,
vather than shrinking.”

“This uncertainty is
‘devouring, like a can-
cer, on our will to suc-
ceed and is undermin-
ing our dedication to

cso: 4700/1193

Hook for peacefull solu-
tions.”
“More and _ more
Whites, Blacks,
|Coloureds and Asians
are inclined to radical-
‘ism and extremism.”

[mere i no map oo
lution for this dilemma
‘of tension between
‘hope and fear”, he said.

| Mr De Klerk then
‘gave basic guidelines by
‘which South Africans
‘could decide what was

ifeasable regarding pol-
ical expectations.

“Black nations,
‘Coloureds and Asians
lmust realise that the
lattainment of full
‘political rights, at the
|cost of vested White
“rights and security, is
‘not possible without
| White resistance to the
death.

“At the same time
\White South Africans
(ment that the retain-

ment of their freedom
fand self-determination
‘can not be built on con-
“tinuous and lengthy in-
‘feriority ‘of people of
colour.

“Black domination
‘and White domination
vare equally unaccept-

73

"way of self-destruc-
:tion,” he said.
} Absolute parrallism
‘and total separation of
‘the various nations and
,groups in watertight
[compartments were not |
F executable. ~
+ “On the other hand,’
j the unification of the
nations and groups of
South Africa into one
{political system is
equally unexecutable.
“Interdependence on
beconomic and other

‘fields, and the geo- -

| graphical distribution
of nations makes total
\separation only a
-dream, while opposing
‘nationalism and deep-
‘lying differences make

undesirable.

> Mr De Klerk said se-
‘curity of each nation
,and their right on self-
‘determination must be
‘based on power struc-
ftures, to which, as
‘much as possible, power
{must be attached, and
the co-operation on mu-
‘tual affairs must be
iconstructed. in such a
|way that it was justifi-
‘able, without leading to
jdomination by one
{group over another.

SOUTH AFRICA



MOZAMBIQUE

YOUTH LEADER SPEAKS ABOUT CUBAN VISIT
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 16 Apr 82 p 3

[Report on interview with OJM Secretary General Zacarias Kupela on his trip to
Cuba, by NOTICIAS; date and place not given]

[Excerpts] “Cuban communist youth are. free of prejudice. They are not con-
tent just to accept but combine that acceptance with critical analysis of
what they are being asked to do," Zacarias Kupela, secretary general of the
Mozambican Youth Organization [OJM], said yesterday at a press conference held
with the national news media. JZacarias Kupela has just returned from the
Republic of Cuba where, heading a delegation of his organization, he partici-
pated in the sessions of the Fourth Congress of the Cuban Union of Communist
Youth [UJC], recently held in Havana.

The OJM secretary general said that the absence of prejudice among Cuban youth
is reflected in the political maturity, enthusiasm and thoroughness with which
they entered into the discussions scheduled by the congress. "We were highly
impressed by this fact," he said.

We Saw a Youth-Leadership Rapprochement

In speaking of the impressions made on his delegation during the congress, the
OJM secretary general said that every participant evidenced a thorough
knowledge of the problems of the youth of his sector.

"We were impressed," he said, "by the manner in which the communist youth re-
ported not only the successes but also the inadequacies of their organization.
For example, when discussion centered around economic activity, the youth
frankly and openly criticized the action of certain state sectors, whose repre
sentatives (some are ministers) arose to accept the criticism and give expla-
nations. We saw a strong rapprochement between the youth and the party and
state leaders.

Cuban Youth Today
At yesterday's press conference, Zacarias Kupela said that Fidel Castro, first

secretary of the Cuban Communist Party, spoke only at the closing session,
although he was taking notes from the beginning to the end of the congress.

25.



DEMISE OF DEMOCRATIC PARTY HAILED
Harare THE HERALD in English 30 Apr 82 p 10

[Editorial: "'Hamba Kahle'"]

" imbabweans will loce much sleep oF over the demise of the

‘Democratic Party, Mr Andre Holland’s. enthusiasm and good :

intentions were not enough to keép the party even ticking over,
_and he few members of the electorate who stirred sufficiently
t their votes in by-elections that have occurred since the
formation showed. no: inclination to support it. With
monotonous regularity the score was: RF 1,-DP 0.
ite this the contributions of Mr Holland and his party
“relations and especially his efforts to bridge the gap
between the whites and the Government cannot be forgotten: He
and ‘his ‘party enthusiasts took a brave decision in identifying
Somer with the Government at a time when it was considered
to be unpatriotic to do so in the white community.

The by-elections also showed that what is left of the RF
still has an attraction for the die-hards who probably still call it
the. Rhodesian Front. These people are an anachronism in today’s
Zimbabwe, but fortunately their numbers are rapidly declining.

White politics has reached a peculiar state. A fledgling party,
with no MPs, has now disappeared. It might, as Mr Holland
believes, have achieved something. Certainly the House of Assem-
bly should have a different atmosphere when ft next meets. The
RF is likely to have only nine Members actually in the House,
and there will be nine ex-RF Independents. :

_ It is significant’ that when the- ‘nine broke. away there was
hardly: a ‘ripple from their constituency councils or from the
yoters who originally put them into the House.

‘This could be # combinetion of apathy and the birth of a

belief that white parties as such have had ‘their. day. The dis-
inclination of the Independents to form another party tends to
confirm this, and the death of the DP should reinforce their
decision."

91

ZIMBABWE



CAMEROON

LOAN AGREEMENT SIGNED WITH SAUDI ARABIA
Yaounde CAMEROON TRIBUNE in French 9 Mar 82 p 3

{Text] Yesterday Minister of Economy and Plan Maigari Bello Bouba signed a
major loan agreement with Dr Saleh al-Humaidan, director general of the
Saudi Development Fund.

The agreement provides for a loan in the amount of 8,600,000 dollars
(2,438,000,000 CFA francs) destined for the financing of expansion of the areas
being developed by the Company for the Development and Processing of Wheat
(SODEBLE) located in Adamoua. The obtaining of financing from the Saudi
Development Fund of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia will allow the SODEBLE to
develop 10,000 hectares, an operation which is scheduled to be completed in
August 1986.

With the signing of this agreement, the total volume of financial aid provided
by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to the United Republic of Cameroon comes to a
total of 117 million Saudi riyals (the equivalent of almost 12 billion CFA
francs). In addition, the Saudi Development Fund is committed to partial
financing of the last section of the Transcameroon Railroad, involving more
than 62 million Saudi riyals, or about 7.7 billion CFA francs.

It should be emphasized that the Saudi Development Fund is one of the numerous
channels through which the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is providing aid to the
developing countries in general and to Cameroon in particular.

To this end, this friendly and brotherly country is participating in the activ-
ities of seven major international financial institutions, including the
Islamic Development Bank (IBD), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the
International Fund for Agricultural Development (FAD), the Arab Bank for
African Economic Development (BADEA), and others.

Minister of Economy and Plan Maigari Bello Bouba took the opportunity offered
in this connection to stress the full importance the Cameroon government
ascribes to cooperation with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and he asked the
director general of the technical departments to convey the profound gratitude
of the government of Cameroon to the high level authorities in his country.

The ceremony at which this important loan agreement was signed was attended by
our minister of agriculture, Felix Tonye Mbog, and His Excellency Abdoul Rahman
Alakil, the charge d'affaires at the embassy of Saudi Arabia in Cameroon.

5157 6
cso: 4719/795



DE KLERK HITS AFRIKAANS UNIVERSITIES, CULTURAL GROUPS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 8 May 82 p 11

[Text]

{THE (E Minister of D of Mine-

‘ral and Energy Affairs,
‘Mr F W de Klerk, yester-
‘day also accused Afri-
'kaans universities, cul-
tural organisations and
churches of dodging
“clear standpoint formu-
‘lation regarding actual
‘affairs merely for the
‘sake of peace.”
, Speaking at Potchef-
‘stroom Unversity’s grad-
uation ceremony, he
said there was a neces-
sity for communication
between leaders and
opinionformers and’
members of their own
populations.

g on the split
(in the National Party he,
{said a finger could right-
‘ly be pointed to a lack of
jcommunication between
political leaders and the
White electorate.

The government
would ‘identify these
‘shortcomings and inten-
‘sify its information ac-
tion.

“But allow me to point
a constructive finger of
criticism at the address
of certain institutions
including the University
of Potchefstroom,” he
said.

“There were times in
the life of our nation
when strong directives

CsO: 4700/1193

fwere given trom our
‘Afrikaans universities
to the nation. The voice
jof Potchefstroom Uni-
versity was, from time to
| time, heard clear and
‘loud’ and it had a re-
‘markable , influence on
affairs.”

“Today voices are still
being heard, also from
Potchefstroom. But. it
seldom falls on the ear
as a melody that ‘will
carry one away or en-

~ | chant one, buf rather as

‘cacophony of voices.
| Each sings its own tune
‘and confuses more than

it convinces,” Mr de

Klerk said.

‘He was not pleading .
|for the silencing of indi-
ividuals, but he missed
{the authorative opinions
‘of the university’s fig-
ures.

“Too much neutrality
enhances confusion and
lis ‘against the secom-
lishment of profession-
aligm,” he said.

Mr De Klerk said his
‘eriticsm could certainly
also be pointed at other
addresses like Afrikaans
churches and cultural
‘organisations who were
|avoiding the formula-
\tion of standpoints on
actual affairs in favour
.0f good peace, at a time

{when “opposing sian

points of individuals.

(promoted confusion.
{It was not his inten-
‘tion “to plead that. uni-
avesities, cultural organi-
‘sations and churches
ould enter ‘the’ arena
politics,” but it was
smecessary that clear di-
trection should be given
‘about actual (political)
affairs.

“I further believe that
the time is ready for
everyone, with a view to
the indepth present
:public debate, should in
a simple and clear way
express their stand-
points,” he added.

74

SOUTH AFRICA



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

DURBAN ATTORNEY BANNED--Durban--Durban attorney Mr M.J. Naidoo was served
with a two-year banning order yesterday, The second Natal Indian Congress
executive member to be banned within a week, Mr Naidoo was the organization's
acting chairman, Mr Pravin Gordhan was served with a three-year banning
order last Friday after more than five months in detention, He was arrested
on November 27, He was dismissed from his job as a pharmacist at King Edward
VIII Hospital in January. His wife Pravina said that in terms of his banning
order Mr Gordhan is restricted to his flat between 7 pm and 6 am, [Text]
{Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 May 82 p 5]

FRACAS AT GOLDMINE==Riot police restored peace at the Virginia Saaiplaas
gold mine on Sunday night when Black mineworkers went on the rampage and
burnt down six change houses and the living quarters of three senior Black
mine officials, The CID chief for the Northern Free State, Brigadier
Marcus van der Merwe yesterday confirmed that detectives were detaining two
Black mineworkers and police were investigating a complaint of public
violence, The mineworkers were said to have been upset because their food
had been served late, According to a mine spokesman, windows were broken
when an argument erupted while workers of No 3 hostel were queueing up for
food at about 7 pm, The violence was sparked off when about 150 workers
started throwing plates around inside the canteen, The group then went
outside where they started throwing stones, The police were summoned and
peace was restored. Nobody was injured during the unrest. [Text]
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 May 82 p 3]

METALWORKERS' WAGE DEMANDS--Wage increases affecting about 450 000 metal-
workers may be finalised today, The executive committee of the giant

metal industry's industrial council is meeting today to discuss wage demands
made by unions registered in the industry--the aim will be to end a dispute
called by these unions last month, The meeting was called on April 15 after.
unions gave formal notice of their dispute with employers over wage
increases, According to the director of the Confederation of Metal and
Building Unions, Mr Ben Nicholson, "the ball is now in the employers'
court." The unions want a fixed sum of money added on to workers' wages
"from the bottom to the top" rather than percentage increases, Employers
have so far not agreed to this. "We are hopeful that they will now change
their position," Mr Nicholson said yesterday, "It's not up to us to mke
any amendments." The council's executive committee--made up of 12 workers’

80



CAMEROON

GOALS OF FIFTH DEVELOPMENT PLAN EXPLAINED
Dakar AFRICA in French No 139, Mar 82 pp 37-38

{Article by Justine Le Norcy: "Cameroon Launches Its Fifth Development Plan
(1981-1986)"]

[Text] This difficult period has yielded rather positive results. This is
readily illustrated by a few examples taken from different fields.

First of all, the population has increased from 4 million to 8,600,000, and
real income per capita has more than doubled: the goal set has been achieved.
The source of this increase in income is to be found both in the farm sector
and the industrial sector. In fact, agriculture, which still accoumts for 30
percent of the gross domestic product, provides employment for 70 percent of
the active population and yields up to 70 percent of the income in foreign ex-
change. A special effort was carried out in the foodstuffs sector and in im—
provement of the standard of living for the rural masses.

Industry, for its part, has seen substantial growth. Industrial production is
up 12 percent, business turnover 15 percent, and investments 19 percent. The
effort was initially focused on developing industries to replace imports, and
in a second phase, on the development of better integrated industries in order
to ensure the processing of raw materials.

In the energy sector, the production of electricity has currently reached 1.4
billion kilowatt hours, a figure which will soon be doubled when the Song
Loulou Dam, recently inaugurated, is fully operational. Oil, with a total of
3.8 million tons in 1980-1981, is meeting the needs of the country, and a part
is even being exported.

Infrastructures

At the same time, the infrastructures, the basis of all development, have
undergone considerable upsurge. Where ports are concerned, Douala has seen an
increase in its traffic from 3,300,000 tons in 1980 to 7 million tons, which
capacity is expected to double in the years to come. Major studies are under-
way with a view to the development of the deepwater ports of Victoria (Cap
Limboh) and Kribi (Rocher du Loup).



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

ZUCCO TREASURER SUSPENDED--The Zimbabwe United Chambers of Commerce Organisa-
tion (ZUCCO), has suspended its treasurer, Dr Isaac Samuriwo, for failing to
produce a financial report. This was announced by ZUCCO president Mr Jairus
Munyoro yesterday. He said Dr Samuriwo was suspended at the organisation's
general assembly on Tuesday after failing to produce a financial statement.
ZUCCO is to hold its first national congress on July 6 and 7, Mr Munyoro
said. [Text] [Harare BUSINESS HERALD in English 29 Apr 82 p 1]

EXPORTS TO ARABS--Bulawayo--Live cattle from drought-stricken Matabeleland
may soon be flown to the Middle East, on a regular basis, if a Saudi Arabian
entrepreneur gets his way. The businessman, who has asked not to be named,
is in Zimbabwe to weigh up the prospects of investing in the country. He
visited the trade fair yesterday. On Monday, he will see officials of the
Ministry of Agriculture in Harare for a cattle export permit. "I am advised
the airlift of cattle is acceptable," he said. He seeks to buy young
slaughter stock, which he says he would airlift 100 at a time, twice a week.
"You have cattle dying on the hoof, so what better way is there of easing
the situation than by selling them for hard foreign currency?" he said.

He met cattlemen at the Bulawayo Agricultural Show in the trade fair show-
grounds yesterday. The chairman of the cattle section, Mr Eric York, said
afterwards that Zimbabwe could supply the beef. The Saudis want young beef
which farmers are presently losing money on. The Saudi businessman was due
to meet Cold Storage Commission officials today. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD
in English 30 Apr 82 p 1]

TOBACCO GROWING PERIOD EXTENDED--The Ministry of Agriculture yesterday
granted an extension of the growing period for tobacco to a number of farmers
in eight of the country's areas. The extension was necessary, a ministry
statement said, because of the drought causing abnormal growing conditions

in some areas. The ministry added that all tobacco plants of a type other
than oriental should be destroyed before May 1. Areas not affected by this
declaration are Karoi north and south. Centenary/Mount Darwin, Bindura/
Shamva, Chipuriro, Trelawney/Darwendale and Rusape/Nyazura/Headlands. An
extension of the growing period was granted for tobacco plants required for
the production of the current season's crop. The tobacco plants required for
production during the current season should be destroyed before May 12, the
statement added. The statement said that in the case of farms near the eight
areas mentioned, individual applications submitted through the. Zimbabwe
Tobacco Association would be given consideration. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD
in English 24 Apr 82 p 3]

108



SACC SACKS SIX IN BIG ECONOMY DRIVE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 May 82 p 5

[text]

cso:

4700/1207

‘THE South African

Council of Churches
will close its choir re-
sourees division and
the division of the
ecumenical education
officer because of
“Failure to attract fi-
nancial support.”

Tt had been decided to
close the communica-
tions division as well
“to exercise a proper
stewardship of the
council’s. resources”,
the SACC's secretary-
general, Bishop Des-
mond Tutu, said in Jo-
hannesburg yesterday.

Asa further er economy
measure staff
members — i J Madi-
ba, Mr G Ndlovu, Mr B
Kumalo, Dr M Nash
and Mrs J Siwani— ha-
ve been given ‘three
months’ full pay in lieu
of notice, while a sixth
staff member, Miss P
Mohale, was working a

‘ month’s notice, he said.

Bishop Tutu said the

78

maalentions depart-
ment, Mr Nongani Khu-
malo, said the SACC
“had no choice.

“Closing down the
(communications) de-'
partment .was one of
the few options, if not
the only option, pte to
the council in the cir-

| cumstances,” he said.

Bishop Tutu had
been “very considerate
and actually very gener-
ous” to the people con-
cerned, said Mr Khuma-
lo.

He warned against’

“get

“Trying to get back
at the council for the
action it took will not
only be petty but also ir-
responsible,” he said. —

Sapa.

SOUTH AFRICA



RAILWAYS PURCHASES VEHICLES FROM FRG

Harare THE HERALD in English 28 Apr 82 p 3

[Text]

BULAWAYO. |
THE National — Rail-
ways of Zimbabwe has
bought 28 commercial
vehicles, valued at!
more than $1 000 000,
from a German com-

anny. :
The vehicles are to be-
chased through the!
eal agenta of the com-'
pany MAN, .and will be!
added to ‘the railways!
road services fleet. |
Although the railways
dig not disclose the
amount involved in the
purchase, the First Sec-!
retary for Economic Af-|
fairs at the Federal
Republic of _ Germany’s'
Embassy in Harare, Mr!
Juergen .Louis, said the!
deal was worth more than |
$1 million.

stand at the 1982 Inter-

cso: 4700/1192

4

national Trade Fair, said |

the deal had been “con-
eluded a couple of days
ago” but a statement from
the National Railways of
Zimbabwe said it will take
advantage of a loan ar-
ranged between the gov-
ernments of Germany and
Zimbabwe.

The statement went on:
“This loan will . provide
the foreign currency for
the purchase and supply
of 20 tractors and eight
rigid-chassis vehicles.

“These will ‘be pur-
chased through local
agents.”

Mr Louls said German
companies were doing
good business. Zimba-
bwean companies had
shown a positive interest
in their products.

He said an order for
optical. equipment had
been placed by the Zim.

104

ZIMBABWE

~4babwe Gov <iment for the’
“Surveyor-General’s Office.
Zimbabwean buyers had
also shown great interest
in industrial plant and’
“heavy machinery, .con-
struction machinery,’
earth - moving equipment
and motor vehicle parts:
Asked what the Federal
Republic of Germany was
doing in the way of two-
way trade, Mr Louis sald
that they had an export
adviser in Harare who‘
was attached to the Con- |
federation of Zimbabwe
Industries (CZI). . :
He said the adviser was
there to increase Zimba-
bwean exports to Ger-
many, Europe and other
countries.
present he was pre-
Paring the export lines
and, apart from increas-
ing the traditional export
products like tobacco and
minerals, he was also
looking at new products
that could be exported to
Germany. i



ISAACS RESIGNATION FROM PAC WELCOMED

Harare THE HERALD in English 28 Apr 82 p 8

ZIMBABWE

[From the letters to the editor: "PAC Has Problems--But This One Was a Big

Relief"]

[Text]

‘The ‘resignation of Mr Henry Isaacs as |

‘Director of-Foreign Affaire of the PAC was not
unexpected.’ His departure from the PAC Central
Committee is neither a blow nor a shock, but a

great reliet.

The publicity gived in
the Press about ‘his resig-
nation has created an im-
pression that calls for the
record to be put straight
by some of us who knew
shim intimately and. were
able to assess his ability
and performance.

Mr Henry Bric ‘Isaacs
was by no means the
brightest in the PAC Cen-
tral Committee, but he
was indeed the most aloof
and arrogant. and suf-
fered from an exaggerated
sense of his importance.
He demonstrated this in
his performances in the
diplomatic world —_par-
ticularly at the United
Nations in New York.

The assertion by. the
Herald’s Special Corres-
pondent in an article en-
titled “Top PAC man re-
signs” April 16, which,
among other ‘matters,
states that Mr Isaacs was
seen “as one man in the
PAC potentially able to
forge an anti-ANC alll-
ance”, is something that
could have naturally made
him uncomfortable.

The PAC does not re-
gard the ANC as the
enemy, but the PAC held,

fand continues to hold, that |

all Azanians including the |
ANC cadres who see a
contradiction within . the
apartheid regime must be
galvanised into a solid,
principled united front.

The PAC regards unity
of all the oppressed: and
exploited as an article of
faith, It is for this rea-
son that the PAC can
never regard the ANC as
an enemy.

If Mr isaacs found such
policy to be “irreconell-
able” with his stand; then

she was naturally a square

peg in a round hole in the
PAC.

‘The other matter of no
less tmportance is that Mr
Isaacs had to fill a post-
tion that had been held by
an intellectual giant —
the late brillant Mr David
Maphumzana Sibeko. Mr
Isaacs could never match
Mr Sibeko nor do a quar-
ter of the work David was
capable of doing.

Mr Isaac's performances
therefore brought the for-
tunes and stocks of. the

“PAC to the lowest ebb in

the United Nations. Since
the untimely death of Mr
David Sibeko, the PAC

89

fhas iost “several friends |
{and supporters “in the
Americas while other lib-"
veration movements from
Azania have had a field

y.
|. The crux.of the matter,
the real truth that made
Mr Isaacs quit the PAC
Central Committee, was
Wecause of the recent re-

‘organisation ot all the
‘departments of the Cen-
tral Committee. ‘

The Director of Foreign
Affairs, like all heads of
department, was to return
to PAC external head-
.quarters ip Dar es Salaam,
where, along .with other
heads of departments, he
‘was to work with the
team which is planned to
implement the PAC pro-
gramme of action of
armed struggle.

Mr Henry Isaacs, newly-
married’ to an American
citizen, could not reconcile
the idea of leaving the
glittering lights and affiu-
ence of New York life
and come and work in
Tanzania for the speedy
implementation of thé
| PAC programme.
|. The two positions he
‘held, of Director of For-
elgn Affairs ang that of
| Permanent Representative
‘to the PAC UN Observer
| Mission, had to be separ-
pated, because he was not
as Capable as the late Mr
| Sibeko who held the two



Cartoon Comment

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 15 Apr 82 p 15

cso:

: / GOODNESS !
LOTS OF LITTLE BLACK SPOTS!

BEFORE (‘spoTless! AFTER

4700/1198

57



POSSIBILITY OF SWA SETTLEMENT EXAMINED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 19 Apr 82 p 7

{Article by Benjamin Pogrund, deputy editor:

[Text]

PERHAPS the heat of Windhoek lends per-
" spective, because seen from there the pros- |
pect of a speedy settlement of the South West

“Africa issue looks like a mirage.

‘That view is confirmed, with only limited
exception, by a range of opinion from the left
to the right. Few in political circles express
anything but a negative assessment of an
early settlement, although their starting
points and reasoning differ in reaching that
conclusion.

Washington's optimism is discounted as un:
realistic. Pretoria’s eagerness to get on with
Phase 2 of the settlement process, even be-
fore everyone has agreed to Phase 1, is dis-
missed as window-dressing.

Phase 1 is the process of obtaining agree-
ment on a constitutional structure to make
possible “free and fair” election to take SWA
to independence. Progress on it has been
stalled for more than two months.

Still ahead is the far more difficult
Phase 2'— working out the details of United
Nations supervision of elections, and the
handover of power by South Africa.

On the face of it, South Africa must leave.
Its occupation — a carryover of a League of
Nations mandate granted in 1920 — has been
declared illegal and it is under incessant in-
ternational pressure to quit.

But other factors complicate the scene...

SWA has been made into a giant “buffer
zone” for South Africa. The western barder
with SWA, along the Orange River, has’
effectively pushed up 1 800km to the north, to
the Kunene River between SWA and Angola.

There the South African army stands, pro-
tecting the white bastion. Indeed the army’s
“sphere of operations”, as a spokesman puts
i extends for another 250km into Angola
itself.

Over the years a string of fortresses has
been created in the north of Namibia; if South
Africa intended in the near future retreating
tothe Orange River it would be building up a
new defence line. It-is not doing so.

53

If anything, South Africa’s determination
to hold the Kunene is more evident than ever:
the annual callup of young white men for
compulsory military service is now being
extended to men up to the age of 60, to meet
the manpower requirements for guarding the
SWA and other borders.

‘And military and political leaders t-
edly stress the need to mobilise all ith
Africa’s resources in response to the commu-
nist-led “total onslaught” which they say is
being waged against white rule.

In the wake of the recent split in the
National Party, the Prime Minister, Mr P W
Botha must tread warily in whatever he does
about SWA.

In a sense, the departure of the extreme
Rightwingers from his party allows him

-greater latitude to go forward. In another
sense, however, with the extreme
Rightwingers free to campaign openly among
Afrikaners, Mr Botha has to go carefully so as
not to give them ammunition: by quitting
SWA he lays himself open to emotional accu-
sations of selling the whites there down the
river. .

Mr Botha’s Government is, in addition,
caught in a trap of its own making: it has
assiduously propagated the notion that Swapo
is a revolutionary, Marxist organisation and
that its coming to power would be tanta-
mount to raising the red flag over Windhoek.
‘There has also been heavy propaganda aimed
at the Angolan Marxist government with
much play about the presence of Cuban sol-
diers and Russian advisers in that country.

' 'Tt’s all been used to motivate South African’

{whites into believing that the SWA border
war is holy and necessary to stem the com-
munist onslaught.

‘The Government now has great difficulty

- in doing a somersault and in telling whites

that there is, after all, nothing to fear and that

they can walk out of SWA with no qualms.
‘The one hope that South Africa did have

was that in any internationally supervised

"Will SA Settle in SWA?"]


IVORY COAST

PROSPECTS FOR AGRICULTURE SECTOR REPORTED
Paris AFRICA AFP in English 27 Apr 82 p 14

[Text] Abidjan, April 25--Agricultural production in Ivory Coast should
reach a satisfactory level in 1982 in spite of difficult conditions in
international markets, the national Chamber of Commerce predicted in its
monthly bulletin published here.

Agriculture remains "the strongest pillar" of the country's development, the
bulletin said.

First estimates say the cocoa crop will rise from 405,000 metric tons last
year to 420,000 this year, but coffee will fall from 365,000 tons in the
previous season to 300,000. Both harvests are expected to be later than
usual.

The Chamber of Commerce said the fall in coffee output would have little
effect, as there were ample stocks in reserve from the last harvest.

Production of cotton will reach 132,000 tons, compared with the original
target of 136,000. But exports of tropical woods are expected to be boosted
by the rise in the value of the dollar, which penalises some of Ivory
Coast's competitors, notably the Philippines.

The banana and pineapple crop is expected to remain steady. Exports of
bananas last season showed an 11.6 per cent fall to 105,487 tons, while
pineapple shipments were similar to the previous season at 88,064 tons.

Food Crops

Tinned pineapple production is now recovering from the slump in the inter-
national market which has lasted since 1978. Results in 1981 are expected
to be more encouraging.

Palm oil production, at around 164,000 tons, is expected to be far better
than last year's 133,144 tons, as a result of more favourable rainfall, but
still worse than 1980's 167,509. Many trees are now too old and the
authorities have started a replanting programme.

15



Manpower Board To Co-ordinate and Consolidate Efforts

THE (National Mahpéwer “De«

‘velopment “Board ‘ftroduc8a
to the public, parastatal and
private sectors’ yesterday by
President René will mainly
co-ordinate and’ consolidate
all efforts made in the field
of manpower development.
It will -—

@ draw up a National Man-
power Development Po-
licy ;

@ ensure that a National
Manpower Plan _ is @rawn
up;

@ co-operate

at —nation-

‘al level all matters relating
to manpower
devel

planning

Private Sector ;

@ ‘relate manpower . develop-

ment to economic de-
velopment ;
@ ensure . that adequate

training takes place local-
. ly and overseas to meet
‘the nation’s manpower
needs ; ~

@ promote .and “monitor jin-
house training in all orga-
nisations ;

@ ensure effective localisa-
tion;

° ensure “nant suppoit
for the total training effort
and that funds allocated
“for training are effectively
used ;

cso: 4700/1196

“staff involved in manpower
- development ;

@ ensure that necessary le
gislation is drawn up.

The Board is chaired by
President René and includes
the Minister for Education and
Information ; the Principal Se-
(cretaries for Education and ,
‘Information, "Youth and De-'
‘fence, Planning and Develop-'
“ment and Finance ; the Under
Secretary for Administration ; |
the Education Assistant Co-'
ordinator and an advisor at
the National Youth Service ;
and the Director and the con-
sultant in the Directorate of
Manpower Development.

‘Attached to the Board is a

Directorate of Manpower De-'

velopment headed by. Miss
Yvette Lafortune as Director
arid which will implement the
decisions of the Board.

Coordination will be done
not only at the level of the
Board but also by the Depart-
ment of Administration for
the civil service, the Seychel-

y les National Investment Cor-

! poration for the parastatal
sector and the Ministry of La-'
bour and Social Security
for the private sector.

Advisory committees on
Classified occupation and ad-
visory sub-committees on
Classified jobs will be set up
to advise the Board, through
the Directorate, on manpower
development matters. The

44

tive,

© prdifiste “We ® ffdining’ of: “Board will therefore ensure:

that. there is the closest liai-
son between education and
training and the world of
work.

The success of the initia-
President René Said,
would be heavily dependent
on the quality of the co-opera-
tion received. .

An the “discussion that fol-
lowed with participants mak-
ing suggestions, Mr. .René
took note of a suggestion by
the: Chairman: of the Emplo-
yers Federations, Mr. Michael
Lambert, that the private sec-
tor be more’ directly represen-
ted on the Board.

Claiming he spoke for 80
per cent of the private sec-
tor, which, he pointed out,
was large and experienced,
Mr. Lambert pointed out that
parastatal where already am-
ply represented on the Board.

‘SAP



INDIAN OIL EXPLORATION EXPERTISE OFFERED

Victoria NATION in English 29 Apr 82 p 2

[Text]

CINDIAR, Experts, ayef rady. to

help Seychelles in its quest
for offshore oi! after recent
talks in New Delhi with Sey-
chellois Planning and Devel-
opment Principal Secretary
Robert Grandcourt.

Mr. Gtandcourt also met
other Indian Government offi-
cials, for talks on an alterna-
tive source of energy and a
commodity toan to Seychel-

; les, and suppliers of mate-'

vials” Yor Works Hitctpfises
Lid.

Everywhere he went, Mr.
Grandcourt told Seychelles
Agence Presse after return-
ing this week-end from his
two-week visit, he was im-

pressed by his hosts’ hospita--

fity, readiness to help and
respect for Seychelles and
its development struggle.

The main talks centred on
foll_exploration, a Id
which India has nearly 30
years of, fruitful. experience
while Seychelles is still a
newcomer.

48

RReW Delhi, . Mi eDethi, . MI. ~~ Gfaifid-
uirt thet Mr. &. Waht, “thé
Chairman of India’s Oil and
Natural Gas Commission
(ONGC), a statutory body set
up by the Government in
1956 to co-ordinate the coun-

gold.

The ONGC was willing to
put its experience, techticlo-
logy and expertise at the dis-
posal of Seychelles if reques-
‘ed to and agreed for a Sey-
chellois research scientist to
ibe attached to their laborato-
ries for a year.

The Planning and Develdp-
tient Principal Secretary was
taken on a guided tour of
ONGC’s headquartérs,  so-
phisticated laboratoties and
research institutes at Dahra
Dun, a valley nestling in the
foothills of the Himalayas not
far from the Indian capital.

dince its formation, ONGC
has carried out a vast range

search for the black’

SEYCHELLES



SUZMAN CHALLENGED TO BACK TORTURE. ALLEGATIONS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English
[Article from the "Parliament" page:

[Text]

8 May 82 p 4

SOUTH AFRICA

"Concern at Questioning Methods"]

jIOUSE OF ASSEMBLY. — Members of the Parents’ Support
; Committee and Mrs Helen Suzman (PFP, Houghton) were
‘ chalinged yesterday to provide proof of allegations of Police

‘torturing detainees. ~

IMRS Helen Suzman (PFP Houghton) 1) called on the’
{Minister of Law and Order, Mr Louis le Grange, to
‘say if he would be prepared to introduce ’a proper
code of conduct to govern methods of interroga-
tion by the police.

Speaking in committee on the Law and Order
‘Vote, she expressed concern at ‘interrogation
methods.
= The proposed new Bill on security legislation as
‘well as the Rabié Commission Report from which it
emanated, made no reference to this important as-

pect.

“There is nothing for one’s comfort regarding
-detention and interrogation under Section 6 in
either the Rabie Report or in Section 29 of the new
bill that we will shortly debate,” she said.

“This is the reason why we have to seek other
“remedies and I want to know: Is the Minister pre-
pared to provide them?

“Also, will he be introducing an amendment to
Section 6 of the Police Act to suspend the six
‘months’ period of prescription for civil claims to be
brought by detainees against the police.

cso: 4700/1193

ee eee
‘The Minister of Law and
"Order, Mr Louis le:
Grange, and Mr N J
Pretorius (NP, Umbla-
tuzana) called for
. proof of allegations of
| torture during the de-
} bate on the Law and
Order Vote.
Mr Le Grange chal-
‘lenged three profes-
; sional men on the Par-
; ents? Support
‘Committee who had
given him a memoran-
‘ dum which referred,
among other matters,
to the Tokyo Agree-
ment on Torture.
|The three men, Dr Cole-
{ man, Dr Koornhof and

& question put to them
i by the Minister, said
§: they knew. of doctors
who had acted in con-
' travention of the To-
| kyo Agreement.
‘They had told him that
“~ they knew of this from
£ their own experience
* of events which had
‘occured during the
past six months.

77

iI Want to say to these
gentlemen, come. and

Prove your statements

\ that you have taken to

the Press.

iThe commissioner (of

7 police) has offered his
: assistance and offered

fo institute a full in-

vestigation,” he said.

:“I call on them to come

and substantiate their

»: allegations in public,”

he said.

‘Mrs Suzman was also

challenged on her tor-
ture allgations by Mr

“Pretorius who said

a

that she had read out
affidavits in the House
alleging torture and

. that these had been

sent abroad.

“But to date the affida-

vit has not been seen,”

5 he said.
“The time has come

from such allegations
to be investigated and

. if found to be false, ac-
, tion must be taken,”

(mr Pretorius said. —
\Sapa-———



In the afternoon, the delegation visited the Diosso and Bas—Kouilou gorges.

On the morning of Sunday, 28 March, the delegation made another excursion to
Congolese-Angolan frontier and to Lake Nanga.

5157
CSO: 4719/818

10.



SIERRA LEONE

BRIEFS

OIL-DRILLING OPERATION--One hundred expatriates and 20 Sierra Leoneans are
directly involved in the day to day offshore drilling exercise for oil. The
exercise also involves two marine vessels and one 15 passenger helicopter on
location to support the drilling ship. The Vice President and General
Manager of Mobile Exploration, Sierra Leone Incorporation, Mr Clark Mayhen
disclosed this when he briefed President Siaka Stevens about the full
operation of the offshore drilling exercise for oil in this country now in
progress in the Bonthe district at the State House on Wednesday. Mr Mayhen
was accompanied to the State House by the Company's Drilling Manager,

Mr Charles Poffer and the Logistic Manager Mr Jack Lane. He said that the
rig is currently drilling at a depth of 380 feet towards a target of 8,000
feet in an estimated period of 50 days. Mr Mayhen remarked that it was the
smoothest operation his company had undertaken as a result of the co-
operation it had received from Sierra Leoneans generally. [Text] [Freetown
DAILY MAIL in English 23 Apr 82 p 1]

OIL DRILLING BEGINS--An oil exploration drill ship, the "Neddrill I," which
is 240 ft. high and 546 ft. wide, arrived in Freetown last month to start
drilling an 8,000 feet test well at a site 12 miles off Bonthe, Sherbro, in
Sierra Leone's Southern Province. The exercise, which will last about 45
days, is a continuation of an oil exploration programme which started in the
country's territorial waters in July 1980. An announcement on the national
radio warned all ships, canoes and fishing boats to stay well clear of the
drill ship, at least 10,000 yards. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English

3 May 82 p 1233]

cso: 4700/1197

52



Possibility of More MPS Moving to CP Seen
(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 11 May 82) ..

Du Plessis on Good Neighbor Farm Policy
(THE CITIZEN, 11 May 82) ....eeeseeeseeeee oe

Bill to Allow Interception of Postal Communications Reported
(Jaap Theron; THE CITIZEN, 8 May 82) ............

De Klerk Deplores SA's International Isolation
(Jaap Theron; THE CITIZEN, 8 May 82) ............

De Klerk Hits Afrikaans Universities, Cultural Groups
(THE CITIZEN, 8 May 82) ........ eee cece ee eee eens seeeee

Establishment of CP in Oudtshoorn Seen as Threat to Botha
(THE CITIZEN, 8 May 82) .......... Stee eee cee ee eens bene e eee eeeeee

Alleged ANC 'Terrorists' Plead Not Guilty
(THE CITIZEN, 8 May 82) ...cceeeeececerceee Sete c cece eeeeee see eeee

Suzman Challenged to Back Torture Allegations
(THE CITIZEN, 8 May 82) ...csesecccccccccccvccsccececescesetceees

SACC Sacks Six in Big Economy Drive
(THE CITIZEN, 11 May 82) ..ceescececccccecccccccecseceeveceeeenee

Decision on New Sasol-Size Fuel Plant Imminent
(Jaap Theron; THE CITIZEN, 11 May 82) ....ccccceccecceesceesccece

Briefs
Durban Attorney Banned
Fracas At Goldmine
Metalworkers' Wage Demands
Onslaught on Natal
New Fluorescent Luminaire
Hartzenberg Plea

SWAZILAND

Ghetto Cities of Msunduza Described
(Ndvuna Dlamini; THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 29 Apr 82) ..... see eeee

New Land Regulation Bill Debate Reported
(James Dlamini; THE TIMES.OF SWAZILAND, 28 Apr 82) .........60- .

Police Intimidation of Teachers Denied
(James Dlamini; THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 27 Apr 82) .........005.

TANZANIA

Briefs
Fuel Alcohol Plant

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

80
81

81

82

84

85

87



:_ He said: “Calls for the return of District ‘
Six to the coloured people stop far short of '
what is needed. There should rather be a
call for ‘return the land to the people’ or ‘let
South Africa be for South Africans’. Let us
rather say that South Africa’s whole politi-
cal system is corrupt and bankrupt, and let
us start again.

“District Six has become a symbol, and I

am afraid of that symbol because it ob-
«secures the larger issues. We should be ex--
amining these, and not looking at little
spots of evil.”

‘Mr Boesak said that “if the unthinkable
happens, will the people of South Africa |
who are not white have had their birth-
right, their political rights, their self-re-
spect returned to them? Will the coloured
people receive these along with District

‘The Rev Alan Boesak echoes the senti-
ment of most people of colour, which is
simply: “Don’t talk to me about District Six '
— talk to me about the country of my
birth”. For this reason most dismiss the
“return-District Six-to-the coloured-peo-
ple”“call as irrelevant. \

Meanwhile, the total onslaught on Dis- |
trict Six has been officially withdrawn. It
has become only a partial onslaught with |
the official parliamentary announcement
that Total South Africa ety), one of the
country’s major oil companies, had asked
that its purchase of land in District Six be
cancelled.

The coyness of Total Oil is not surprising.
The news is not new. But it is notable that
Mr Gerhard Esterhuizen, corporate affairs
manager of Total, reaffirmed in an inter-
view this week that community pressure
had been brought to bear on his company to
withdraw. For the same reason at least two |
other companies dropped plans for Dé de-!
yelopments before Total. They are Anker’
Data Systems and Sheil Oil. .

These private companies are out, but the
Government itself is still in, with its provi-
sion of housing for police and Defence
Force personnel, and with its plans to build
the Technikon in District Six.

Scant consolation is the fact that all has |
not been lost to the thundering bulldozers.
Three mosques and three Christian
churches — Moravian, Holy Cross Catholic
and the Anglican St Marks — still remain.
Two schools (George Golding and William
Street Primary) are also still there, but
empty, while 20 houses in the Dry Dock
area are still occupied by Indian families.

The rape of District Six is just about

complete.

cso: 4700/1198

69



"race" which Sir Seewoosagur might still :

' succeed in performing the hat-trick of a
third victorious return in succession, or
he might get swept over by the new wave
of radicalism. In either case the stability
of Mauritius would depend on the ability
‘of the successful party or combination of

ies in getting t a strong enough
rrajoety to run the Coversment

The reat danger will arise if MMM,
for example, manages to scrape through

and is called upon to ‘assume the reins’

of power, but is unable to form a stable
Government capable of implementing its
radical programmes. There will be every
risk in such a situation of Mr. Berenger
and his colleagues feeling compelled to
go in for a further lurch to the left even
at the risk of dispensing with the delicate
constitutional checks and ‘balances inherent
in the present dispensation.
who“ is for this reaeon, thet even those.
are not happy with Sir Seewoosagur's
Government and are yearning for a change
begin to shudder at the thought of some
inexperienced and volatile hotheads breath-
ing down their necks and interfering in
various ways with the personal liberties
and economic freedoms they had taken
for granted since independence.

. Tactician

An extremely shrewd political tactician,
Mr. Berenger is quite sensitive to this inherent
contradiction in the present Mauritian
situation. In a bold gamble to woo the
Indian majority, or at least an_ influential
section of it, he has declared well in advance
that, if MMM. wins the elections, the next
Prime Minister Hu be Mr. Aneerood Jugnant,

nominal par ident. lian in,
with Mr. Harish Boodoon, leader Pi the
Socialist Party in alliance as uty Prime
Minister and himself the Finance Minister
but wielding all the power from behind
the scenes.

He has declared quite often that in
‘an Indian majority society like Mauritius,
the Prime Minister has to be an Indian
to evoke the requisite confidence

them. To demonstrate the sincerity of his
assertion, he visited Delhi a few months
back to establish contact with Mrs. Gandhi
in an effort to prove to his people that
he would be no less acceptable to India
if MMM was returned to power under
his leadership.

_ * The political ectipse of Sir Seewoosagur
through an electoral reverse will not necessa-
rily mean an abrupt rupture of the umbilical
cord linking Mauritius with India since

cso: 4700/1200

“countries are resilient enough to readjust,
themselves to such changing situations.
The indian, majority in Mauritius will still
Continue to look upen.india as the country
of their ancestors and, therefore, their own
spiritual home.

ft is unlikely that India would curtail
its aid programmes and technical assistance
all because of a change of Government
in Mauritius. But what the new Government
does will certainly influence the attitudes
oF the other Indian Ocean communities
wit ir pro-British or ‘rench pro-
clivities and _ political pe ili As:a
white-Franco-Mauritian.Mr. Berenger himself
might develop the ambition of emerging
as their spokesman.
, India's attitude
It is not India’s policy to interfere in
any way in the internal affairs of Mauritius

, to influence the outcome of these elections.

The Government has been so scrupulously

. Tefraining from any action that could even

remotely be misconstrued as interference
that it Ras decided to defer even a routine
ministerial meeting of the joint commission
till the end of elections. But at the
same time it has been keeping up the
momentum of economic and cultural
cooperation. .

The Mahatma Gandhi Institute in
Mauritius, which is an eloquent symbol!
of Indo-Mauritian cooperation, cohtinues
to flourish under the able direction of Dr.

. Hazaree Singh, a close confidant of Sir

ur Ramgoolam. A man of dedica-
tion and true exponent of Indian culture,
he divides his time between teaching Gan-
dhism at Oxford and running the institute.
He has written an excellent book on the
impact of population movement in the Indian
Ocean. - :

It is quite extraordinary that ‘the interac-
tion of ethnic diversities and domestic politics
of a small island like Mauritius can make
a wider impact on the power rivalries in
a vast area like the Indian Ocean, But
because of Diego Garcia's transformation
Into a major American base in the mid-
Indian ocean, the outcome of the impending
elections in Mauritius will have some bearing
nthe projection of this problem by the
littoral States in their campaign against
militarisation of the Indian Ocean.

The Grand Old Man of :2 Mauritius
is still well in command of: the situation
in the sense that he was able to bamboozle
and extract an additional £4 million from
Britain to pay for the rehabilitation of, the
900 odd families displaced from Diego
Garcia to make way for the construction
of the American base. And though his
electoral prospects are not as dismal as
they seem to be from. Delhi, it is still
not possible to peer through the hazy crystal
ball to see what is going to be his fate
in the elections.

24



~ Rival unionists charge the conditions ‘
aim to extend Fosatu influence and to deny |
‘smaller unions their identity.

While there may be a need for more
structured unity, the federation Fosatu has
in mind is far too centralised, they argue.
Newer unions must be entitled to their own
autonomy and to grow in their own way.

The third key subject for debate was the
industrial council system. , :

This debate was expected to be specially:
important because’ Fosatus ‘National
Union of Textile Workers has been consid-
ering entering a council on condition it can |
bargain at factory-level with individual
employers as well.

his, it argues, would revolutionise the |
system, which has tended to keep untons
out of factory bargaining.

At the same time, several Fosatu unions
are bitterly opposed to councils and have
argued that present Peliey — which en-
ables unions like NAAWU to take part in
them — should be changed.

This issue sparked off the liveliest debate
at the congress in which both factions °
moderated their stance. As time ran out, it
was decided to retain present policy and '
refer the issue to further debate within '
Fosatu.

It seems unlikely Fosatu will bar its
unions from councils — or that those not
yet on them will join unless plant-level

rgaining is allowed.

Those present say the congress saw vi-
gorous debate, but little acrimony. Fosatu,
they say, remains united as the biggest
emerging union federation,

But it will also continue to be the most
controversial. L

cso: 4700/1198

67



t

Warning Against Military Complacency

fA” CLEAR. warning
gainst complacericy
‘and the relaxation of the
‘military guard in-South
“Africa was’ as sounded bya
world” expert’ on’ mari-
time strategy, Dr Alvin
J Cottrell of the Centre
for Strategic and
natonal Studies of
Georgetown University,
‘Washington DC.
In a wide-ranging ad-
dress to the conference,
Dr Cottrell wamed that

‘Russia was enlarging
“her foothold on Africa.
He said it paid Russia
mot. to: conquer South
jAfrica at present.
“They want to retain
-South Africa as the ene-
my to be:contained and
isolated, but they do not
wish to eliminate the
‘White rule in Pretoria.

“This would remove

I in the area and
‘welcomed as the sup-
sporters of the Blacks in
‘southern Africa...

«~South Africa could see
*herself cast in a role
similar to that of Israel
in the Middle East and
‘West Pakistan in south
Asia.

Dr Cottrell warned

‘badly lacking.

<© “1¢ could play a role in
“changing” the ‘entire en-
‘vironment of southern
‘Africa from one that has
been so long friendly to
the West to one which is
“essentially anti-Western
‘and which thus Poses
threat,” he said. ‘

\ Particularly dangé-
rous was Mozambique

cso: 4700/1193

Sonce friendly to the

jest. but ». now -being
farmed by Russia to pose
a threat along the entire
Cape route.

“The Soviet navy, will
certainly have the use of
‘Mozambique. naval. fa-

- cilities and these will be
denied to. the United

‘States,” said Dr Cot-
trell. .

The unfolding Soviet
strategy in other area¢.
relevant to the Indian

or 8.
gested that Ching. was
not the priority target.of
expanding naval-air aap-
abilities. ;

This was often  sug-
gested, but Soviet inter-
vention in the Angolan
civil war with massive
arms shipments and Cu-
ban fighting units was

60

clearly designed to gain
for Moscow a series of

naval/air strongpeints
along the west coast of
Africa,” he said.

Overall, he said,
events. had shown that
the southern Cape sea
route was not likely ever
again to lose it’s value in
relation to the Suez Ca-



MADAGASCAR

NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, REPAIR STUDIES
Tannarive MADAGASCAR-MATIN in French 13 Mar 82 p 5
{Article by Liliane Rahantasoa]

[Text] Ratsivalaka-~-The SECREN [Naval Construction and Repair Studies
Company], the first socialist enterprise on the Grand Island took over from the
DCAN [Naval Construction and Weapons Directorate] on 2 February 1975. The
former naval base, which was responsible for the maintenance of the French
fleet, was organized on the basis of the same structure as the DCAN in Brest,
Toulon, Dakar and Papeete, and it enjoyed military status.

Working under the direction of the OMNIS [National Military Office for
Strategic Industry], the SECREN was originally established as the Naval Con—
struction and Repair Company. As of 1978, when it had reached a turnover total
of 2.6 billion, it became the Naval Construction and Repair Studies Company.
Its headquarters remains in Antsiranana.

It maintains relations with the maritime transport and fishing companies, in
brief with all enterprises possessing vessels. The Antsiranana Naval Air Base
(BANA) is still at present its best customer, although this is after all a
captive market. As its acronym indicates, the SECREN thus concerns itself with
specific activities.

Repairs

The company has loyal clients, to wit, such countries as Tanzania and Saudi
Arabia. A shipbuilder in this latter country has an average of two or three
vessels overhauled each year. These are steadier companies than the local
transport firms, because they have a regular maintenance schedule in addition
to the repairs occasioned by damage.

This work is of several sorts, ranging from a simple rating check (a kind of
technical inspection) to the conversion of a vessel, and including repairs to
the hull or the engine. For example, an Arab client recently had a roll on-
roll off vessel (a kind of LCT which can carry vehicles) into a vessel equipped
to carry animals. Thus converted, the ship became a livestock transport. It
can carry 15,000 sheep, zebu, camels or goats.

17


SEYCHELLES

INCREASED RELATIONS WITH JAPAN, GREECE, CYPRUS, AUSTRIA REPORTED

Victoria NATION in English 21 Apr 82 p 1

[Text]

SEYCHELLES’ “relations and “oper

economic co-operation with
Japen, Austria, Greece. and
Cyprus have been significan-
tly
and . Devefopment . Minister
Maxime Ferrart has reported
‘after returning fast weekend
from a three-week tour of
those countries.

- Accompanied’ by Mr. David
Thomas, the Principal Secre-
tary in the President's Office,
Dr. Ferrari delivered | mes-
sages, from.’ President. Albert
René. to the heads of govern-
‘ment of the four . countries

‘and held -co-operation, trade »:
‘and other -economic ‘talks’ :

with leading government offi-
cials.

Dr. Ferrari, who .ié- the pa-
tron of the Seychelles-Japan
friendship - association here
was invited to Japan by its
branch of the non-govern-
mental organisation to look
into the possibility of increas-
ing bilateral co-operation be-
tween the two countries.

Accordingly, Dr. Ferrari
held talks with Japanese co-

strengthened, Planning _

Officials -dealing’
was. tod by Prime Minister
Zenko Suzuki that Seychelles
would be weated as a special
case.

Dr. Ferrari told Radio Sey-
chelles. that all his talks were
fruitfut.:

The Japanese government
is now studying a Praslin
water project worth R7 mil-
lion, which is expected to be
approved very soon. This. will
be’ followed by talks: on other
development. projects includ-
ig the fi ishing industry.

The next stop was a Euro-
pean one, Austria, where a

2 4G5:.million~balance of: pay-

ments support loan was sign-
ed with the Organisation of
Pertoleum Exporting Coun-
tries (Opec).

This is the sixth such Joan
and Dr. Ferrari said Seychel-

‘les could expect similar help

annually at an interest of six
per cent payable over ten
years.

In Vienna, the Seychellois

34

delegation also ad talks:
‘with the United Nations  In-
dustrial and Development Or-
ganisation (Unido) to speed
up work on developing the
boat-building and ceramic in-
dustries in Seychelles.

Talks with Austrian gov-

‘ernment
around

Officials centred
possible help. in

-equipping the planned poly-

technic.

From Austria the Seychel-
lois mission flew to Greece
for Seychelles’ first official
personal contact with Athen’s
first socialist Prime Minister,
Andreas Papandreou.

The possibility of | a joint

“venture in maritime transport

was one of the subjects dis-
cussed with Greek govern-
ment ministers. .

A Greek mission, Dr. Fer-
rari said, was expected here
soon to look into improving
the surveillance of the Repu-
blic’s exclusive economic
zone.

Dr. Ferrari’s last stop was

in the Mediterranean where



‘election its favoured organisation, multi-'
racial Democratic Turnhalle Alliance, would
score significant success. This would have
ensured for South Africa a friendly govern-
ment in Windhoek, and also provide the
means of forestalling domestic criticisms.

‘Two to three years ago it seemed that the
DTA might conceivably be able to keep its
own in an open election contest against
Swapo. But there was no such election and
instead, as the result of the South Africa-run
election in which Swapo did not participate,
the DTA has been in government in SWA.
Only partly, however, because much, if not
most, of the effective power lies distributed in
the hands of the South African Government
itself, the South African-appointed Adminis-
trator-General, and the “second tier” level of
ethnic government — paradoxically and iron-
ically fostered by the DTA itself.

‘The “second tier” government has become
the primary means whereby whites are main-
taining their apartheid privileges. In the pro-
cess this is helping to sink the DTA because it
has not been able to produce enough change
to show many blacks and coloureds — who’,
form 93% of the population — that it repre-!
sents the way to a better future for them.

The DTA’s adherence to ethnicity — how-
ever much its leaders argue that this merely
recognises the existing tribal divisions among
SWA’s people — also serves to taint the or-
ganisation because it happens to be the racial
ideology -espoused by the South African
Government. oo

‘Fading hope in the DTA has been further
confirmed by the recent breakway of its
resident, Peter Kalangula, who has started
‘is own political organisation on an entirely
nonracial basis.

Kalangula’s importance is that he is the
ranking non-Swapo leader among the Ovam-
bos, the tribal group which accounts for 48%
of Namibia’s population — 505000 of the
1035 000 le. !

‘The DTA is thus now denied whatever pros-
pect there might have been of gaining sub-
‘stantial Ovambo support — alwrays proble-

matical, in any event, because that is where
Swapo's power base rests.

net result of all this is that the South
African Government can no longer have even |
the slightest illusion internationally super-'
vised elections can produce a result favoura-
ble to itself. It has to face up to the over-'
whelming likelihood-of a Swapo government
— if, that is, the elections are actually held.

South African dislike and mistrust of the
United Nations is deep. It does not believe |
that the world body can be an impartial
overseer of elections or that a UN military '
and civilian force can behave with fairness. |

‘These apprehensions will come surging to
the fore when the settlement process eventu- ‘
ally gets round to Phase 2 and the nitty-gritty
of elections and the role of the UN have to be
worked out. |

Only if South Africa has in advance taken
an irrevocable decision to quit SWA can real
co-operation be expected from it. Otherwise,
there will be near-unlimited scope for delay-
ing the settlement process. F

‘In military terms, the bush war gives every
appearance of going well for South Africa.

54

‘The army asserts that in the past three years .
it has killed 3856 Swapo insurgents for the
loss of 206 of its own soldiers. There have also
been 607 civilian deaths.

‘The army says its “kill rate” is based on
actual body counts. Despite the claimed fig-
ure, and despite the regular destruction of
Swapo pases sin a mass raids into Angola, the
army also est ites Swapo’s current fightin;
strength as 6 000 to 8000" senting

If correct, that is a remarkable testament
to Swapo’s resilience and ability to regener-
ate itself: since the 60s it is thought that
perhaps 30 000 black Namibians have fled the
country — in itself a statement about the
degree of feeling against South African rule.
But many of that number will have been
women and children so Swapo’s present
strength in the field hardly seems to indicate
that it is a spent force.

If the army is even half-right in its confi-
dent assessment about the state of the war,
why should Pretoria give up at this stage?

nt arguments can, however, be ad-
vanced. First, South African subsidies for
SWA, plus the cost of the war, are estimated
at R1 000-million a year. With the world gold
price down by more than half in a year, South
Africa's income is seriously affected: the eco-
noinic cost of staying in SWA is a heavy drain
and is a factor in favour of withdrawal.

Second, and going far beyond this, the Rea-
gan administration has committed itself to

ging about a SWA settlement. It is a
priority for Washington — and South Africa,
as the primary element in achiev-

ing success, is being pushed and pulled to
make the administration’s dream come true.

But that is being done only to an extent
because in sharing South African anxiety
about the spread of Soviet influence in South-
ern Africa, and the presence of Cuban soldiers
and Russian advisers in Angola, the Reagan
administration will push just so hard and no
more: in evicting ‘Africa it does not
want to have SWA fall under Soviet control.

‘Thus far it seems Washington has general!
stuck with the carrot and has offered friend-
ship: previously prohibited hospital aircraft
and computers are being sold to South Africa.
Even while apartheid is condemned in no
uncertain terms, in these and other ways
South Africa is being shown it has much to
gain by giving Washington what it wants.

‘The threat of UN economic sanctions has in
the past left the South African Government
unmoved. But to a country treated as a pariah
in many international circles, the offer of
Washington's embrace cannot be lightly
spurned.

So the Government has been displayin;
every indication of going along sweetly and
reasonably. with the American-led Western
drive for settlement. Whereas Swapo and the
African “Frontline” states are still fighting
shy of agreeing to Phase 1, South Africa has
proved itself compliant and co-operative.

It can also be said that, all other things
being equal, the Government would like to
rid of the SWA problem: it is keenly aware of
the hazards that can lie ahead and it has
enough domestic troubles without wishing to
take on the world if it can avoid doing so.

But the weight of the factors listed above is
too great. In the final analysis of the present,



POLITICAL SURVIVAL OF RAMGOOLAM IN JEOPARDY

Madras THE HINDU in English 21, 22 Apr 82

[Article by G. K. Reddy]

{21 Apr 82 p 8]

pi
ag
28

a3

SF
3h
de

rival

in the Indian ocean. A non-aligned country.
Mauritius hes been resisting these

and retaining ‘its special identity as
uncommitted island nation, while preserving
its filial bonds with India, the spiritual home
for the bulk of its population.

This exotic island with some of the
beaches, lagoons

8

the Dutch discoverers and the French con-
querors who established the first settlement
brought in slaves from Madagascar

: on

ae
é

gezeeg
Hin
ba?
rt Z
Gosag
i

i

20

Predominant

MAURITIUS

~The Island, about half the size of Sikkim, '

has a polyglot population of roughly one
million, a mixture of many races and religions,
two-thirds of its people are of indian

ter are Creoles with
small pockets of writian whites,
Chinese, Arabs and Britons. The ethnic
composition, when further sub-divided into
religious groupings, leaves the Hindus as
the most predominant community constitut-
ing a little over 50 per cent of the total
population, with Christians representing 30
per cent, Muslims 16 per cent and the
rest thé remaining four per cent.
~ The great majority of Indian origin
settlers we ‘came as indentured labour
to work on the sugarcane plantations hailed
from Bihar, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and
Tamil Nadu (former Madras Presidency)
while Punjab, Sind and the old Kathiawar
area provided a smaller percentage.

About 15 different languages are

Spoken, although almost speaks:
Ne, a mixture of French ‘Swahili
with a smattering of English. But French
eg gegen
ici . very isolation
of this idyllic Island, combined with the
muttiplictty of its racial and religious compos!-
tion plus the complexity of its ethnic’ and
cultural inter-action, has given Mauritius
an integral personality al its own with
very few social strains. .
There have, no doubt, been some in-
stances of racial discord and communal
tension both and after independence,
but by and large the people have managed



TANZANIA

BRIEFS

FUEL ALCOHOL PLANT--Paris, April 23--Tanzania has asked the French Speichim
company to build a factory to produce 10 million litres (more than two
million gallons) of fuel alcohol from sugar cane annually, the company said
today. The contract, signed on April 15, covers the supply of machinery
and its assembly, as well as supervision of the construction of the plant

and its inauguration and technical assistance in its running. (AVF.P.)
[Text] [Paris AFRICA AFP in English 27 Apr 82 p 19]

cso: 4700/1194

87



Coriference on the <aw of the
Sea will succeed in redressing
the imbalance which’ favours.
the. developed countries, They
indicated that the eventual con-
clusion of a ‘mini-treaty’ by
some countries regarding the
exploitation of sea bed mine-
rals will not serve the legitim-
ate interests of the developing
countries. They expressed the
view that a spirit of  under-
standing and accommodation

‘on the part of those countries

would better serve to achieve
a. just and comprehensive
Convention which will truly.

cserve “The Common: Herit-

age” principle according to.
Resolution 2749 of the United
Nations -General . Assembly
for the benefit of mankind as
a whole, 7

The two leaders reaffirmed
their total adherence to - the
principles and objectives. of
the . United Nations Charter
and expressed. the need- to
strengthen the role of this Or-
ganisation in the maintenance
of peace ‘and ‘security in the
world and in the development
of international cooperation.

cso: 4700/1196

The two sides assessed the
exchange of views as very
fruitful and important for the
further . development and
strengthening” of friendship
and cooperation between the
two countries, They ‘also not-
ed:with satisfaction the iden-
tity of views on the main in-
tertlational issues.

a

The President’ of the Peo-
ple’s Republic of Mozambi-
que expressed heartfelt grati-
tide to the government and
people of Seychelles for the.
warm and fraternal welcome
and , hospitality extended to
him and his delegation during
their visit in the Seychelles.

The President of the Peo-
ple’s Republic. of - Mozambi-
que Marshall Samora Machel
extended an invitation to the
President of Seychelles Mr
France Albert René to. visit
the People’s Republic of Mo-

zambique. The invitation was

accepted with pleasure and
the date of the visit will be
arranged subsequently.

41



GHETTO CITIES OF MSUNDUZA DESCRIBED

Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 29 Apr 82 p 3

[Article by Ndvuna Dlamini:

[Text]

"THE BRIGHT light of Mbabane have attracted
‘so many people. Others came to work to fullfill
certain personal obligations, like money for
lobola, others came to irk a living, returning
home once so often, while others came and
settled.

Not all those that came to the town have
struck it rich, and hence found their way to the
two ‘ghetto cities’ of Msunduza — White City

and Dork city.

In these ‘cities’, they have settled, and braved

TIMESMAN _ NDVUNA

DLAMINI visited the two cities and talked to

: Said.

earn a living by working as
a blacksmith, a trade he

learnt from his father.

But with no workshop
and sufficient tools, it was
not a. very profitable
‘occupation. At times he
said he stayed for days
without getting any money
or customers. He
when the pension ne was
promised failed to turn up.
"These days, “I wake up
up. These days, “I wake up
in - the. morning, not
knowing where I am going
to get my next meal,” he
Another Msunduza
resident, a thir y-nine year
old man who rented a room
at ‘Dark City’ a place
situated near - the

82

Bar.”

1. He shares this room with

his children and wife.

A salary of (E96) for a
whole family does not get
very far.

What wories him most
with his so called house, he
says, is that life. is
unbeatable.

“I return homé reeling
from fatigue, only to be
encountered with the same

y Tocrownit all, according

to him, the landtord
usually returns home drunk
at the oddest hour of the
night and make a deafening
noise.

Although such’ a
treatment is in-excusable, 1
swallow my pride, and try
to be - patient because

abandon this one and look
for a house.

Asked to describe fife in

“Dark City’, a certain house

wife, said it was boring and
frustrating. The woman
who was one among three
wives, semi-illiterate, sells
traditional liquour,
“Umeombotsi’ to get money
to live: “‘Such a business,

SWAZILAND

"Inside Msunduza's Two Slum Cities"]

fwas .-aitdly rewarding
jbecause of , continuous
harassment by the police,”
she said. The woman also
asserted that she had fined
more or less E90 for selling
liquour. “This is
disheartening, because with

the very cents I get, I try to

send my children to school.
If I stop what Iam doing,
the children will starve and
‘be chased from school for
being in arrears with their
‘school fees,” she said.

~ Life had become too
tisky in ‘Dark City’,
‘according to an experienced
jwoman. _resident:" She
{charged that’ burglary,
imurder and rape were the
order of the day. “On one
cold night, I was attacked
by a ‘well built” man but he
et me free when-I grabbed
for “his private parts.””
| According to Mr John
|‘Makepisi’ Dlamini, a
[Jongtime resident and
owner of a popular
shebeen, ‘Kamakepisi’, the
lights in this area are
‘adequate. “There are
certain dark ‘comers that
‘have become nests of
\cfiminals. —_ Immediately,
;YOu approach this place,
jthey pounce on you. You
may scream as much as you



¥ “Preparation for!
maritime defence of a”
nation’s interests,
‘based on the assump-
(tion that nuclear war-
‘fare can be averted, is
mandatory.

“Moreover, in view of
ithe exceedingly long
time ‘involved in the
‘crafting of naval and
‘other’ maritime’ hard-
ware, the endeavour

feannot wait until crisis
‘engulfs @ country.

“Those Western
countries which are cri-
tically reliant on the

use of the seas and who*

sdisregard this truth will
only do so at their ex-
“treme peril.

“And the United
States is no exception,
tsaid Adm Hanks.

West Must Back SA--Viljoen

ief of the SA’
(rE Force, General
‘Bonctand Viljoen, said
‘there’ was a drastic
need for a total revision
‘of-Western-naval policy
‘towards South Africa.

=: Only if the West took
‘a rethink, he said, and
‘backed South Africa.in
the -necessary. naval
hardware; would se-
ious deficiencies in the
West’s maritime strate-
gy be repaired.

Gen, Viljoen said ‘this
appeal was not one-
sided“ or designed’ to
benefit South Africa
‘only.

j—if_ this were sa it:

would «be ‘unrealistic:
¢and naive to appeal-to;
Mihe Western : . allies.

‘South Africa had been
‘effectively isolated for
Jong enough to learn
that ‘she could not ex-
pect something for
‘Nothing.

"Tn actual fact, South
‘Africa ‘would gain pre-
cious little for herself
“materially by resuming
the thankless task of
‘patrolling - the. wider
reaches of the Cape sea
route.” 5

In his speech, read
for him by the Chief of
the Navy, Rear Admiral
Ronnie Edwards, Gen

Viljoen said the: ‘total
‘revision: of . Western
maritime strategy was
[mecessary because the
iFree World continued
{to ‘ignore
irate realities.

y “And it is placing its
sown security and very
jfuture in jeopardy,” he
isaid. 7
! South» Africa was
jonly one missing piece
‘of a big jigsaw puzzle
from, which many vital
spieces were: missing —
‘and from which more
‘would go. missing. ©
Apart from the ques-
tion of Western ties
‘with South Africa there
the Southern

ity vacul
iis being visibly filled by
the Soviet Union and
dits~allies-each~passing-
‘year.”
= Western navies ‘had
‘been allowed to-run
‘down. while the Soviet
Navy. was growing in

,the. courage, the wis-
‘dom and ‘foresight to
iact .quickly to secure:
the’ continued freedom
‘of the sea lanes across
the great oceans re-
‘mains to be seen.

“The Western powers

might continue to allow.
their fi

to act

ited by to be restric-
by. careless and
{shortsighted individ-
fuals and political pres-
}sure: groups or, having
yagreed on an alliance,
ithey might fail to-co-
soperate effectively with

ich other.

ach other.
| “They, might just fail
;to perceive their own
vulnerabilities .and al-
low the slow erosion of
,their security to fon
jtinue.
| “And then the threat
j to the West's economies
and ultimately to its in-
mce,. as long
predicted, will material-
ise,” he said.

59



cso: 4700/1197



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

STUDENTS TO GDR--"In August, about 900 students will go to the GDR to attend
various professional training courses at the GDR-RPM [People's Republic of
Mozambique] Friendship School for a period of 7 years," said Joao Banze, head
of the national service for primary education of the National Education Direc-
torate. According to the same official, the students chosen in the various
provinces are at the fourth grade level of primary school. During the first
4 years, the students:will attend general courses to prepare for the eighth
grade level. After this, they will be separated into various courses of pro-
fessional training which they will attend for a maximum of 3 years. The stu-
dents are attending preparatory schools in Nampula, Tete and Inhambane proy-
inces. According to Joao Banze, of the 900 students, 35 will soon leave for
the GDR to learn the language and subsequently serve as interpreters. The
students will also be assisted by Mozambican teachers who, in this regard,
will go to that country to give classes in Portuguese, history, political edu-
cation and cultural activities. The remaining courses--biology, physics,
mathematics, drawing and chemistry--will be the responsibility of German teach-
ers. In addition to the students and teachers, there will be six other indi-
viduals in the education field who will direct the students in extracurricular
activities and an education administrator, to be appointed by the party, who
will serve as assistant director of the GDR-RPM Friendship School. [Text]
[Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 15 Apr 82 p 3] 8568

MARITIME TRANSPORTATION DIFFICULTIES--Beira--The Maritime and River Transporta-
tion Enterprise has drastically reduced the fleet of vessels used to transport
passengers and cargo in various parts of Sofala Province, according to Domingos
Fernando, provincial director of transportation and communications. This re-
duction occurred because a number of vessels became unserviceable because of
difficulties in their motor systems, further aggravated by poor maintenance.
Poor maintenance, in turn, gives rise to inefficient traffic, even jeopardizing
the lifeof the passenger. The provincial director of transportation and com-
munications in Sofala said that there are areas where ships carry cargo and
passengers under precarious conditions. He-said that to remedy the situation,
measures are being taken to restore the motorized vessels. He added that
there are also plans to build new vessels and that this work will be coordi-
nated at the central and provincial levels of the transportation sector.

[Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 12 Apr 82 p 2] 8568

‘MILITARY APPOINTMENTS--Yesterday in Lichinga, Lt Gen Alberto Chipande, minis-

ter of national defense, officially presented Col Aurelio Manaye, military
commander of Niassa Province. Also presented was Maj Gen Atanasio Salvador

28



Industrial development will nonetheless see a new upsurge. How will this be
achieved?

By exploiting the natural assets. Mining activity in particular will play a
more important role in development. "The state will take still more energetic
measures to make the national geological and mining research bodies opera—
tional."

This will be done by creating new hydroelectric plants.

And above all, it will be done by processing raw materials domestically. This
will be done by large enterprises, of course, but by the small and medium-sized
businesses and the traditional sector as well.

All of these efforts will only bear fruit if Cameroon succeeds in mastering its
trade sector. This is the reason for the need for the development of small
integrated distribution networks and substantial improvement in the road and
railroad networks.

Investments

Having defined the main guidelines for the long-term projects, let us examine
the choices made for Fifth Plan investments in terms of figures.

The total comes to 2,300,000,000,000 CFA francs as compared to 725 billion for
the Fourth Plan, with an annual average of 460 billion. The rural sector will
have undisputed priority: crop raising, livestock breeding, fishing and
forestry will account for 23.7 percent of the investments. Next comes communi-
cations infrastructures (ports, roads, railroads, postal and telecommunication
facilities) with 21.1 percent. The secondary sector (industry, traditional
crafts, the small and average businesses, mining and energy) ranks third, with
16.4 percent. The education, health, culture, urban development, equipment and
research centers share 31 percent of the investments. Last comes the tertiary
sector: trade, transportation and tourism, with 7.7 percent.

All of these investments should lead to a gross domestic product of
2,035,000,000,000 in 1985-1986, resulting in an annual growth rate of 5 percent
in the gross domestic product, or a rate of growth in the gross domestic
product per capita of 4.53 percent per year.

It is the extractive industries which will see the strongest rate of growth for
these five future years: 31 percent increase over the Fourth Plan (8.5 percent
for construction and public works, and 6.5 percent for transportation and
communications).

Financing
First remark: private financing is clearly developing in relation to that

during the Fourth Plan, now covering 40 percent of the total investments,
"mainly going into the industrial sector."

4



ple and generally had no ‘re-
lationship to the -economic
needs. Further development
of manpower once in em-
ployment was virtually non-
existent.

At independence Seychel-
les found itself in. a situation |
where Seychellois were not
prepared for jobs in many
sectors and were especially '
not prepared to take over
senior positions in the econo-
my. ‘This meant that senior’
posts, especially in technical |
fields had to be filled by ex-'
patriates.

So, what had Seychelles
done: since June 5. 1977-to
ensure the development of its
human resources ..and self-
sufficiency in manpower ?

A massive, structural re-
form of education had to be!
carried out to democratise
the education syster#l, Presid-!
ent René said. The first phase’
of this reform was the intro-
duction of free primary edu-'
cation for nine years in’ 1980,
the second’ phase ‘the intro-
duction of the National Youth
Service in 1981, and the
hird phase would be intr
the Polytec

(duction of
planned for 1983.

Recalling that the past edu-
cation system was not geared «
to the country’s’ economic
needs but was rather a ques-
tion of education for the sake
of education, the President
noted that the NYS was a new
concept attempting to inte-
grate practical and academic
training into one.

'

The Polytechnic would pro- Efforts have also been’
vide vocational education re-' “made to train staff involved in'
lated to the economic needs education, training and dev-
of the country for students elopment.
who would have had a sec- f
ondary education within the

NYS. : isation of all posts held. by
“With the introduction of expatriates,” Mr. René said.
the Polytechnic al] -existing The Government had intro-
vocational education institu. duced stricter regulations for
tions will be integrated under the employment of expatriates
a single . administration,” he to encourage organisations to
said. “The training being pro- recruit Seychellois personnel,
vided at-craft level will “be wherever possible,” he added.
upgraded . to technician -level “'m-sure you will agree
and new trades will be intro-. that we have made enormous
duced to meet the demands steps towards achieving the
of national development.” full development of our hu-
Turning * to “the ‘fiela’” of man ‘resources and making
training and development optimum use of these.
once students Jéft the world “In spite of the efforts
of school and joined the made since June 5. 1977 there
world of work, the President still exists today a lack of
said the country had inherited jtrained personnel in almost,
a situation where many adults ‘al fields throughout the eco-
had not been able to acquire pomy. We are faced with a
the basic communication situation where some expa-
skills. A campaign against il- trates are continuously being
literacy had therefore been required. :
‘started aiming - at
adults the necessary ‘commu-

“Self-sufficiency in man-
power also involves the local-

iving
owing “such a situation must

nication skills for acquiring
such knowledge and skills to
enable them to increase their
Productivity and to partici-

* gradually phase .out and we

;must aim at becoming - self-
‘sufficient in manpower as
soon as_ possible. There is

still much more to be done”.

pate more effectively in de-
cision-making at all levels. It was for this reason, Pre-

Ih the public service, both Sident- René ‘said, that it. was
civil service and parastatal Necessary .to set up a Na-

sector, considerable efforts tional Manpower " Develop-
had also been made to up- ment Board.

grade the quality of staff -— _ SAP
through the Management

Training Centre and the in-
troduction in many organisa-
tions of training programmes
specific to their needs.

43



Cameroon is feeling an ever increasing need to have its own companies take over
its transportation facilities. For example, in the maritime sector, Cameroon
Shipping Lines, which handles more than 400,000 tons per year with its six
vessels, was established.

In the air transport sector, Cameroon Airlines, established in 1971, has under-
gone even greater development. It has invested heavily, particularly with the
purchase of a Boeing 747 last April. And of the one million passengers handled
last year, 600,000 were carried by the national company.

Although still most inadequate, the road network has grown from 6500 kilometers
to 20,500 kilometers (the work on the Douala-Yaounde road has just been
started), and there are now 44,500 kilometers of tracks. The railroad network
has seen similar expansion, with an increase in handling capacity from 1.5
million tons in 1960 to between 8 and 10 million tons at present. However much
remains to be done in these latter two sectors to guarantee the proper and
speedy transportation of goods and equipment through the country.

Tourist facilities have developed similarly, with a special effort being made
in the realm of hotel capacity. In fact, there are numerous plans for large
hotels and some have already been successfully launched in Douala and Yaounde.

Cameroon of the Future

Cameroon is well aware that "international aid will continue to decrease and it
is necessary to learn to depend less and less on the generosity of others, but
on the contrary, on the country itself, and its capacity to master the future."

Development will thus have to be based on greater participation by the people,
and this is the prospect which will guide the long-term and medium-term eco—
nomic and social projects (the present five-year plan).

One important fact: the population will exceed 13 million by the year 2000,
and the towns will absorb more than half this population, whereas at present
barely 30 percent of the people live in towns. As a first goal, because of
this growth, it will be necessary to establish a balance between the towns and
the countryside, ensuring the extension of water and electrical facilities. It
will be necessary to increase income by guaranteeing just and compensatory
prices, without however threatening the effort undertaken to improve the
standard of living for urban consumers.

In fact, the Fifth Plan must include a national food plan to guarantee self-
sufficiency in this sector. To achieve this, a new type of relations between
the administration and the peasants needs to be created, favoring responsi-
bility for each farm zone, through integrated structures, and developing the
training of rural development agents.

Productivity in the rural sector must be increased, and there must be mastery
of production, the processing of farm products and, above all, the marketing of
them. These latter activities can be the source of substantial income. Agri-
culture will thus remain a key sector and the success of the national economy
will depend upon it in large part.



© gravated” a situation “which *
was already explosive, Mr’
Machel said...

, . “It is important that the ef- |
forts of all the revolutionary

' and progressive forces of the
world, particularly those of
the Indian’ Ocean like Sey-
chelles and Mozambique,
should be reinforced against
the increased aggressiveness
of imperialism in the Indian
Ocean.”

The People’s - Republic of

'.Mozambique stood. by: the

principle of transforming the

. tries cherishing

clearised zone of peace and
supported all efforts to achi-
eve this but to strengthen the
anti-imperialist front in Africa
and the world it was neces-
sary to strengthen bilateral
co-operation between coun-
the same
ideals of justice and freedom
as did Mozambique and Sey-
chelles.

Mr. Machel also described

Mozambique-Seychelles Joint Communique

[v The f
blic of Nae

‘the Ref

“Indian Ocean into a denu-':

‘ation, the Seychellois. were,
‘able to transform a” past of:

suffering’and pain into a free-
dom achieved with blood and

‘sweat shed during the strug-

gle for independence against
foreign occupation and neo-
colonial domination.

“Our friendship ‘and  solida-
rity are sealed. by the same

“scars of: colonial whips ‘and

‘by a common experience -of
struggle for freedom and in-

Seychelles as a safe rear | dependence”’,....Mr. --Machel
base ‘for the independence ' said. be .
and revolutions of Africa. af Loon ‘SAP .
Through “valiant determi-
af theiy esidlent Beople’s ®

iblic of

elles from 17th ¥ oe April 1982 Was

issued on Monday morning just before President Machel left Seychelles to return home

at the end of his visit.

At the invitation of Mr
France Albert René, Presi-
dent of the Seychelles People’s
Progressive Front (SPPF) and
President .of the Republic - of
Seychelles, Marshall Samora
Moises Machel, President of :
FRELIMO Party and Presi-'
dent of the People’s Republic
of Mozambique paid an offi-
cial and friendly visit to the
“Republic of Seychelles from ;
17th to 19th April, 1982.

At his arrival in Victoria,
President Samora Moises Ma-
chel was received by Presi-
dent France Albert René and
during his stay, President Sa-'
mora Moises Machel and his :
entourage received a warm
and hearty welcome by the
people and Government of
Seychelles characterising the

‘ties of friendship” an and: TOE

rity prevailing between the

two countries.
ae

President Samora Moises
Machel and his delegation fa-
miliarised themselves with the
achievements of the Seychel-
lois people in the economic,
social, educational and cultur-
al fields.

The talks between thee two
Presidents and their respec-

tive delegations were held in’

an atmosphere of cordial
friendship and mutual under.
standing.

The two leaders exchanged
views on the development
and strengthening of bilateral
relations between the Repub-
lic of Seychelles and the Peo-
ple’s Republic of Mozambi-

37

(que. “They” diso ~ analy: sed the :
'Rtemnatioa- situation, in’ par--
‘ticular the situation in the In-
dian Ocean and in Southern
Africa.

The President of the Repu-
blic of Seychelles informed
the President of the People’s
Republic of Mozambique of
the political, economic, social
and cultural development of
Seychelles and the efforts be-
ing made by the people’ of
Seychelles for its progress and
prosperity.

President Samora’. . Moises
Machel showed _ appreciation
for the success achieved by
the Seychellois people under
the leadership of Mr France
Albert René, President of the
Republic of Seychelles and



Rubber production last year hit 22,370 tons, well above the 21,000-ton
target fixed in the 1976 five-year plan.

Of food crops, rice showed a fall, partly due to difficulties experienced
in the collection system, and the Agriculture Ministry plans to take steps

to improve production soon.

Increased soya and manioc production planned are in line with the govern-
ment's policy of national self-sufficiency, while sugar output is expected
to reach 170,000 tons, compared with last year's 143,000. (A.F.P.)

csO: 4700/1199

16



CONGO

RESULTS OF JOINT CONGOLESE-CUBAN COMMISSION SESSION
Brazzaville MWETI in French No 559, 3 Apr 82 p 2

[Excerpts] The work of the third session of the mixed Congolese-Cuban commis—
sion which began on 29 March last was completed yesterday at the lecture hall
of the Ministry of Cooperation. As was the case initially, the Congolese dele-
gation was headed by Comrade Aime-Emmanuel Yoka, deputy minister to the presi-
dency charged with cooperation, while the delegation from the Republic of Cuba
was headed by Comrade Ramon Darias, minister and president of the state
committee for standardization and metrology.

This session was convoked pursuant to the cooperation agreement signed on

12 May 1978 between the People's Republic of the Congo and the Republic of
Cuba. When the work was completed, Comrades Aime~Emmanuel Yoka and Ramon
Darias proceeded to sign three relatively major documents, including a general
cooperation agreement, in accordance with which the already mutually advan-
tageous cooperation is strengthened further. The second document initialed by
the two delegation heads pertains to the general bases for the economic, tech-
nical and scientific cooperation between our two countries. Finally, they
signed the report confirming the completion of the work.

This report confirms the maintenance of Cuban technical aid in certain sectors,
the training of Congolese cadres in particular, and provides for the participa-
tion of the Republic of Cuba in the achievement of certain projects within the
5-year plan.

Following the work of this session, a joint statement in which the two parties
expressed their satisfaction and their desire to strengthen this already fruit-
ful cooperation, was published.

Its main guidelines were as follows. After a detailed examination of the
points included in the agenda, the two parties expressed their great satisfac-
tion with the efforts made by each with a view to strengthening this coopera—
tion. In addition, they expressed satisfaction with the spirit of understand-
ing, solidarity and frankness which characterized their meetings.

Both parties confirmed their desire to continue to join efforts to expand and
strengthen the fields of action for cooperation between the two countries.

11



ZAIRE

Reports Say Government Intimidated Church Prelates
(LE MONDE, 14-15 Mar 82) .....eceeeseeeveee see e cece neeeceee

ZIMBABWE

Isaacs Resignation from PAC Welcomed
(THE HERALD, 28 Apr 82) ..

Demise of Democratic Party Hailed
(Editorial; THE HERALD, 30 Apr 82) ..

Mugabe's Emergence as 'True Statesman’ Highlighted
(Tendai Mutunhu; THE HERALD, 28 Apr 82) ...

Slowdown of Economy Reported
(THE CITIZEN, 8 May 82) ..... seeeeees

Businessmen Disturbed at Zvobgo's Threat
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 23 Apr 82) ..

University Students Prepare to Serve in Bush
(THE HERALD, 24 Apr 82) ....ccecceeceeceeceecee eee

Government Taking Lead in 'Sex Struggle’
(THE HERALD, 24 Apr 82) .........

Peasant Lands Can Yield Much More, Says Italian Expert
(THE HERALD, 30 Apr 82) ........

Beira-Mutare Pipeline Agreement Sought
(BUSINESS HERALD, 29 Apr 82) ..... aoe

Financial Sector's Role Analyzed
(Cladius Lewis; THE HERALD, 29 Apr 82) ...

Railways Purchases Vehicles from FRG
(THE HERALD, 28 Apr 82) ........... seeeeeee .

Pharmacy Crisis for Rural Areas Reported
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 23 Apr 82) ..cccscccccecsccccsccsces

Government To Float Long-Term Loan
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 23 Apr 82) ...ccecesssccceccccsceece

Exodus of Skilled Workers Continues
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 23 Apr 82) ..cscccccccceccccvenceces

Briefs
ZUCCO Treasurer Suspended
Exports to Arabs
Tobacco Growing Period Extended
Census Vital
Sugar Price Slump
Visa Laws Eased

88

89

91

93

95

100

101

102

104

105

106

107

108
108
108
109
109
109



EXODUS OF SKILLED WORKERS CONTINUES

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 23 Apr 82 p 3

[Text]

‘THE skills drain through
emigration is continping in Zim-
babwe this year, especially in the
technical and managerial fields,
though some positive gains have
been made in other sectors.

Figures for February, 1982,
recently released by the Central
Statistics office also show that
more men emigrated than women,
and revealed a general trend of
male dominance in the technical
fields.

While the country gained a total

" of 100 workers in the professional,

technical and related fields —
which include physical scientists,
engineers, draughtsmen, techni-
cians, physicians and surgeons,
accountant, auditors and teachers
— in February this year, 81
emigrated in the same month.

LOSSES

The country showed a loss in the
managerial and administrative
fields, clerical and related workers?
fields, sales, service and agricul-
tural workers’ fields.

Losses were also registered in the
production and related workers
fields — which include production!
supervisors, general _foremen, |
miners, quarrymen, mechanical
engineers, aircraft workers, motor
mechanics and related fields, elec-
tricians, construction workers and
printers. While the country gained"
42 workers in this category in
February this year, 132 emigrated. |

cso: 4700/1192

~The country gained 24 engineers

‘and lost 13 while three draughts-

men:left without being replaced.
The statistics show a seriou’ loss of
engineering technicians — with 10
emigrating and none replacing
them.

AUDITORS

Thirteen auditors and account-
tants left Zimbabwe, with only
eight coming in. Another big loss
was in the managerial and
administrative field where a total
of 42 emigrated ‘and 15 came to
work in the country.

-field, the country only gained eight
“workers, compared with 29 who
emigrated. The motor mechanic
industry showed no loss with eight
leaving and the same number
coming into the country.

‘The production supervisors and
general foremen, miners, quarry-
men and related workers field
gained one worker each to the loss
of five, in each case.

The health sector was also hard-
hit, registering a loss of 27 nurses

and midwives and a
gain of only five.

However, four physicians

and surgeons came into
the country and three
emigrated.

107

ZIMBABWE

{The statistics reflected a positive '
gain in the teaching field with only
13 teachers emigrating and 52
coming in.

The total of male emigrants was

| put at 356 (195 immigrants) and’

females at 175 (57).

Losses of female workers were
mainly registered in .the clerical
and related fields — with 22
immigrants and 95 emigrants in
' February this year. Ten females in’
the sales workers field were lost
with a gain of only one.

The country also lost 104
workers in other fields with a gain
of only 32 within the same month, '



“Mr Foster then went on to criticise by
implication some “community” unions
who, he said, were repeating the patterns of
the past by involving themselves in “popu-
lar fronts” against apartheld.

‘They were, he suggested, weak on the
factory floor and saw their main role as
linking op with broad opposition to apart-
heid. This was “a great strategic error”
that would “weaken, if not destroy, worker

nisation”.
‘osatu was not apolitical, but building
up nonracial unions was a political: task.

‘osatn saw its role as giving leadership to °
the building of a worker movement and this
would not place it in opposition to “the
wider political struggle”. _ |

It would take many years to organise all

Fworkers and Fosatu would concentrate in
stead on major industries and seek to be-
come “a substantial presence” there.

‘Mr Fostet* saw a growing union move-
ment as a contribution to political change
—“our aim is-to use the strength of factory
organisation to allow workers to play an
effective role in the community,” he said.

‘Thus Fosatu would seek to “dominate”
major industrial areas so that worker
organisation could play “a significant role
in the communities that surround these
areas”.

Fosatu sought worker leadership in com-
munity politics. If workers did not have a
strong organisation, poverty and lack of
education and time would force them to
“surrender leadership” to other groups.

Unions had “a long way to go” but could
give workers the experience and strength
to take a leading role.

In other words, Mr Foster sags Fosatu
recognises the need for sweeping political
change. But it seeks an independent worker
movement, not an adjunet to other groups,
by building strength in the factories.

, It will become involved in community |
issues as a worker group. But only if it

+ ‘believes workers can ‘fight these issues
through their organised strength.

Fosatu sources say this merely forma-
lises a role the organisation has adopted
cover the last year. In Uitenhage, they say,
where Fosatu unions are strong in the in-
dustrial area, Fosatu is involved in action
on rents.

There the unions are co-operating witha
community group, most of whose leaders
are workers from Fosatu unions. There is a
possibility, the sources say, of action on
rents in other areas.

Fosatu regional representative Mr Taffy
Adler, says Fosatu will be iided in its
choice of issues by whether it felt it had the
strength to take up an issue — and whether
involvement had been fully endorsed by
union members.

Mr Foster’s Speech is not binding Fosatu
policy. It was adopted as a “guideline” and
was referred to further debate within
unions. 1

‘There was a vigorous debate on it and
some delegates had reservations about the
emphasis on non-racialism, and on other

issues.

It is certainly not an announcement that,
Fosatu is to throw itself into the political
fray with abandon and the debate over
where Fosatu is going has just begun with
Mr Foster’s speech.

But, on union unity, Fosatu took deci-
sions ‘which wilf have an immediate
impact.

‘The congress met shortly before the
emerging unions are due to gather for a
second summit, which follows the historic
first one in Cape Town last year.

‘There has much greater surface
unity among the emerging unions of late
and some unionists hope that the summit
will give greater impetus to this.

But Fosatu has spelled out ground rules
for unity which will place severe tensions
on present unity moves. .

In his speech, Mr Foster referred to
three types of unity. “Ad hoc” unity was
what “has occurred at present” — unity on
specific issues.

‘This, he said, required “ a more perma-
nent organisational link”.
In “united front unity", independent
ips set up a permanent platform for
contact. But would this Five unions equal
votes, no matter how big or small they
were, and what guarantees would there be
that unions would not take decisions with-
out m mandate from their members? he
asked.

For solidarity action to be successful, it
needed to be sanctioned by union members.
But this sort of unity meant a greater
danger that decisions would be taken by “a
few officials with easy access to meetings”.

Mr Foster therefore backed the idea of
“disciplined unity” in which unions would
weld Together into a “tight federation” in
which there would be binding policy on
affiliates, joint organisational machinery
and so on.

‘This was given added impetus when the
congress adopted a resolution setting out a
“unity programme” and offering to dis-
solve Fosatu in favour of a bigger organisa-
tion if that was necessary.

The programme says Fosatu will seek
out unions who “broadly share a common
pose with our programmes and poli-
Pied” and discuss the possibility of pooling
resources into a “disciplined” federation.
; Fosatu men insist they want unity but
believe present moves are: “going
nowhere”. :

They seem irritated by what they see as
a tendency for unions with little worker
support to have influence at summit
meetings. :

Some Fosatu men pont to the stoppage
over Dr Aggett’s death. Most of those. who
took part were from the better-organised
unions (not all in Fosatu). They should thus
have the biggest say in how action will be
conducted. .

But the als are likely to split the
summit — which is planned for this week-
end but could be postponed.

66



‘ica and Australia bring in plane-loads
of tourists in search of sun, The ment
does not interfere unduly with their fun
{and frolic so long as they do not take

‘Hberties with the focal laws or indulge:

in racial prejudices.

There are no irksome restrictions on
discos and casinos, banking and telecom-
munication facilities are good, roads are
excellent and cars are easily available on
hire for driving around this small island

distances. The fact that one has

value for what they on a hol
in this place.

Next to sugar exports, tourism sefves
as a major source revenue, ing

4

brought into politics the
of a famity doctor with all that is best
in bedside manners. An able administrator
and a man of compassion, he ‘won the
trust of his people and also
respect and admiration.

He was able to hold the
Prctpet mat ect one were

oth peo tig th tm py

Mutttracial State

Asa product of a freedom movement,

Sir Sir Seewoosagu succeeded in inspiring

confidence not only among people of Indian

origin but also the minorities including the

Creoles who were suffering from a ma strong
sense of alienation. Though

a Government that was ae Jodian in

accused him of

running a prodndian administration that ¥ wes
unsympathetic to the interests of other com
munities in this multiracial State. One’ of

ter tude dye n gana 8 tical
Partnership for preserving multiracial
inter-communal character of the new

In the last 15 years of hie stewardehip
since independenca, Sir Seewoosagur has.
done what the could to uphold the Irterests
of this island and champion the cause
of his le. But like all other leaders
of the Third World, he also has not been
able to keep pace with the rising expectations
of his people. The result is that Mauritius,
too, is faced with the backlash of strident

ape 9 growing population is that more

the people are below 21 -and,
with the reduction of the voting age to
18. the island's volatile young men are
able to tilt the scales in an election,

Thanks to its good educational stan-

; dards, Mauritius has been turning out matricu-
‘lates and graduates on a much lar jer scale
than it can absorb into various professions.
The result is growing unempl it and
politica! discontent in the wake of economic
stagnation. The island: is beset with its
share of infiation and its happy-go-lucky
people who have been used to the good
things | of life “simply carinot. understand
has gone wrong with them.

is not surprising if this sense of
boukioren has led to a consummate
urge for change quite unmindful of the
consequences,

the of Mr. Paul Berenger, a
militant Franco-Mauritian with no emotional
links at all with he Indian’ subcontinent.
This little island with fess than a million
people has more political parties than it
;¢an manage and consequently no single
one can hope to get a majority on its
own except in coalition with others based
on political or parochial interests.

Govt. of National Unity
The ring Labour Perty led by Sie
to forge a common front

wih bere ft 0 campaign for
dence and then to form a nt.
He was obliged to carry forward the principle
of coalition to the stage of forming 2
Unity with the

21



CAMEROON

BRIEFS

REFUGEE CAMPS CLOSED--Authorities in the Cameroon have definitively closed the
refugee camp for Chadians in Kousseri (extreme northern part of the country),
despite the protests of the refugees over the past several weeks, it was
learned on Monday, 22 March, at the office of the High Refugee Commissariat
(HCR) in Yaounde. The participation of some 50 soldiers was "forceful but
orderly," the same source stressed. The approximately 20,000 Chadian refugees
who had been living in the camp had the choice of returning to Ndjamena or
being transferred to the Poli region, about 400 miles into the territory of
Cameroon. Almost 5,000 refugees chose repatriation, while 2,500 were dis—
patched along the route toward Poli. Other refugees were successful in reach-
ing Nigeria, where a camp was created several months ago to the west of
Kousseri, not far from the frontier. [Text] [Paris LE MONDE in French 24 Mar 82
p 4] 5157

CSO: 4719/795



"The top Cuban leader," Kupela continued, "spoke extemporaneously for 3-1/2
hours expressing the satisfaction of the party and state leadership at the
successes achieved by their youth. He pointed out, among other realities,
that the 'Cuban youth movement is now more revolutionary than the society
in which it was inspired,' alluding to a slogan of the UJC, expressed in
those terms."

With regard to Mozambique's participation in the congress, Zacarias Kupela
deplored the fact that his delegation arrived in Cuba with a certain amount
of delay. However, he said that the meeting was converted into an inter-
nationalist congress: more than 130 foreign delegates were present and, among
other things, they expressed their solidarity with Cuba and other Latin Ameri-
can countries.

Agreement Signed

The OJM delegation which Zacarias Kupela headed was the first to go to the
Republic of Cuba. According to Kupela, the visit provided an opportunity for
the signing of a cooperative agreement between the OJM and the UJC.

Among other provisions, the signed agreement calls for an exchange of experi-
ences in various areas as well as of delegates at various levels. One of the
commitments contained in the document is that of trips and joint solidarity
youth festivals to be held annually, according to Zacarias Kupela.

8568
GSO: 4742/284

26°



SLOWDOWN OF ECONOMY REPORTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 8 May 82 p 7

[Text]

HARARE. — Zim-
babwe’s balance of pay-
ments is likely to re-
main under’ pressure
until there is a general
recovery in the world
economy: and commio-
dity prices, says the Re-
serve Bank's. latest
economic review.

It also found it “diffi-
cult to foresee a reduc-
tion in inflationary
pressures during 1982”
mainly because of the
growth of money supply
and minimal increase in
domestic production.

The rate of inflation
dropped slightly in the
last quarter of 1981, as
did the gap between
domestic demand and
production.

But because-of grow-
ing consumer demand
and wage increases at
the beginning of this
year, the trend is un-
likely to continue.

On the question of
economic growth, the
report said import ca-
pacities would have to
improve, more atten-

cso: 4700/1192

tion would have to be

given to export promo-
tion and foreign capital
inflows attracted.

It painted a gloomy
picture of individual
sectors within the econ-
omy, most of which had
shown a drop in produc-
tion and income.

The manufacturing
sector, which was the
mainstay of the econ-
omy in 1979 and 1980,
had lost . momentum
and its overall produc-
tion was expected to de-
cline this year.

Increased wage levels
would ensure buoyant
domestic demand but
this would not be met
because of foreign ex-
change shortages and
niggling inflation.

The decline in output
in the mining industry
slowed down in the last
quarter of 1981, but
sharply rising domestic
costs, low prices and
transport limitations
inhibited a real recoy-
ery. Sapa

95



ZAIRE

REPORTS SAY GOVERNMENT INTIMIDATED CHURCH PRELATES
Paris LE MONDE in French 14-15 Mar 82 p 4

[Text] We have learned from a source close to the Episcopal Conference of
Zaire that four of the best known prelates in Zaire have in recent months been
the focus of intimidation measures, reflecting the aggravation of already
existing tensions between the church and the government of Zaire. These four
prelates were said to include Monsignor Mambes, bishop of Kindu and a member of
the Episcopal conference; Cardinal Malula, archbishop of Kinshasa; and
Monsignor Kabanga, archbishop of Lubumbashi.

According to our sources, "While Monsignor Kaseba was visiting a family of
friends on the night of 9-10 December 1981, he was attacked by some 15 masked
men wielding machettes and bottles, who also injured the members of the family
the bishop was visiting. They plundered everything they found at the site,
and, identifying the archbishop, seriously wounded him."

Concerning Cardinal Malula, the same sources said that "Armed men entered the
official residence of the cardinal on the night of 24-25 December 1981, and
first gagged and then strangled the watchmen. They looked in vain for the
cardinal, who was not at his residence at the time. They forced the safe and
took a sum of money belonging to the diocese worth about 20,000 Belgian francs.
Shortly afterward, soldiers arrived at the procuracy of the diocese of Kenge in
Kinshasa asking the whereabouts of the cardinal, since they had not found him
at home. He was not there either. In fact, the cardinal is forced to change
residence regularly to avoid becoming the victim of an attack..."

Finally, concerning the archbishop of Lubumbashi, we were told: "On Monday,

15 February, Monsignor Kabanga was enroute to the meeting of the bishops of the
province of Lubumbashi, at which he was to preside. He was driving his car and
was accompanied by Monsignor Kabewe, the bishop of Manono, a member of the
European International Womens' Auxiliary (AFI) and two other persons. At a
given point on the road between La Karavia and Lubumbashi, a military jeep
drove full kilt into the vehicle. The passengers were thrown against one
another and the doors were blocked by the accident.

"The soldiers got out of the jeep, but rendered no aid to the injured..."

5157
CSO: 4719/795

88



CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

BRIEFS

KOLINGBA STRESSING AGRICULTURE--Bangui, April 24--The Central African Repub-
lic's head of state, General Andre Kolingba, is looking to the next stage of
his plan to set the country on its feet again. Following moves to clean up
the management of public finance, restore a climate of confidence and get the
people down to work, Gen. Kolingba, who was handed power by President David
Dacko last September, aims to lift the country economically. He is placing
his hopes in the rural sector, whose production is closely linked to the
national economy. More than 80 per cent of the population lives by agricul-
ture, which also supplies most of the country's exports--between 60 and 77
per cent from 1971 to 1977, and 54 per cent in 1978. But preceding govern-
ments failed to take proper steps to help rural dwellers develop. They
neglected to maintain roads and tracks, making it impossible for peasants to
distribute and sell their produce, and imposed innumerable taxes, charges and
levies. Gen. Kolingba's intention is to reverse this trend, as shown by the
planned establishment of an Agricultural Credit Bank and the raising of the
price paid for seed-cotton by one-sixth. The idea is both to involve the
farmer closely in the national recovery programme and to improve the living
conditions of large areas of the population. (A.F.P.)

csO: 4700/1194



(work, progressive work
iethies, a highly disciplined.
code of behaviour ahd a’
very high degree of pro-
duction of goods and serv-
ices no that kat nation can
ee le, . provide
them with ‘adequate cloth-
ing and shelter as well as
ive them a sense of hope
for a better . material
future.

The last principle in
volves a.commitment to a
civilian government and
parliamentary democracy.
Under ‘xis principle, the
establishment and func-
tioning of a people’s gov-
ernment is of paramount
importance,

-Not only that,. but the
people will also be ex-
pec! to participate fully
in the decision-making
process at every level of
government, commerce,
a. industry.

The attainment and
fulfilment of these prin-
cipled objectives would
further enhance the Prime
Minister's stature as a
aationa] and international
leader.‘

Mr Robert Mugabe is
destined to become one of
Africa’s . or even the
world’s greatest leaders
on_ statesmen. -

cso: 4700/1192

94



GOVERNMENT TAKING LEAD IN ‘SEX STRUGGLE'

Harare THE HERALD in English 24 Apr 82 p 1

[Text]

- (GIMBABWE Has” taken’
the initiative in ending’

sex discrimination, the
Minister of Natural Re-
sources and Tourism, Mrs
Victoria Chitepo, said
yesterday.’

She was speaking at

the fourth Southern Af-
rican regional conference
of the World Confedera-
tion of Organisations of

the Teaching Proféssion, '

held at the Victoria Falls.

“For too long girls have
received less education
and have been. driven in-
to stereotyped career
paths. Women are also
significantly  underrepre-
Sented in vocational
training courses and stil
occupy very few authori-
tative positions ; .“. in
either. the public or ‘pete
vate sectors.”

cso: 4700/1192

“Ia Zimbabwe aive pH: |
mary education was now

available: for all and en-
rolment . into secondary
Schools has been greatly

increased. Vocational:
training opportunities al--

most exclusively reserved
for men had been made
available for women and
new syllabuses were being
.developed,

A new syllabus for
social studies in schools
had cuminated Fe
emphasis iscre-
pancies in salaries had
been removed.

The creation of the
Ministry of Community
Development and  Wo-
men’s. Affairs was the
most fipifcant contribu
tion to the ending of dis-
crimination, said Mrs Chi-
tepo.

99

The work of changing
the role of women was
the task of all and not!
just a dedicated few. Like
men, women needed the

ity to choose the
most valid path.

“The majority may well
find fulfilment in the
home, caring for the fam-
tly; but for others, the
choice must be there so
that development is not
restricted to. the family
but can overflow into
work, into community af-
fairs and into affairs of
state. .

“Women must have the
opportunity of contribut-
ing as fully as possible to
the life and welfare of
society for the benefit of
all,” Mra Chitepo said,

ZIMBABWE



‘THE CITIZEN" Comments

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 May 82 p 6

[Editorial: 'Knife-edge"]

[text]

cso:

‘THEY call it the dawn of a new tomorrow,

; a watershed in our politics, the moment

° of truth for the Nationalists and every-

= one else.

{The occasion? The tabling tomorrow in
the President’s Council of the first of two
reports that will have far-reaching

,_ effects on our way of life.

-First is the report on reform of local gov-

= ernment; next week there will be a
report on reform of the central govern-

7 ment.

Exact details are not available for publica-
£ tion yet, but speculation is summed up by

a Sunday newspaper which says it is
“centred on a powerful Presidency (the

:: executive President of which so much

* has been heard), a permanent role for

: the President’s Council, a multiracial or

three-tier Parliament, a set of regional

_. authorities in place of provincial coun-

« cils, ‘twinned cities,” and much else.”

Naturally, there is a great deal of specu-

f lation, too, about the proposals which
the Government is likelysto accept.

At is clear from what Ministers havé been

«preaching, and the reaction of conserva-

+. tive: Nationalists. who broke away to

form the CP, that the reforms are likely
to bring Coloureds and Indians into the

;, White constitutional set-up in what the

\ Prime Minister himself has described as

:“healthy power sharing.”

“There could, according to one leading Nat-
ionalist MP, be Coloured Deputy Minis-

., ters — a suggestion that has not been

' repudiated by the Prime Minister.

“On the Right, the Conservative Party of Dr

© Treurnicht and the Herstigte Nasionale

Party of Mr Jaap Marais are waiting. to

— Pounce on any deviation from 1966 Nat-

| jonalism (in the case of the HNP) or 1977

E Nationalism (in the case of the CP) in

i

3

order to belabour the Government.
{If the Prime Minister diminishes White
{> sovereignty, if it appears as if he might
be sacrificing the traditionalist values of
the volk for the sake of reform, the back-
lash which has seen the emergence of the

&
&

i

_- will be more defections from the NP.
—The Prime Minister knows this.

pThe question, therefore, is how far he will
—- go in bringing about reform.

4700/1207

62

Will he push resolutely ahead with the
sharing of power with Coloureds and In-
© dians, or, will he try to find a formula
f which will bring these groups into closer
— association with the Whites while not
— actually sacrificing White power?
L Either way, he will find himself in trouble.
Me ikaners are conservative and do
not_wish to sacrifice any of their Power,
| .which is the power of the Whites as
£;_ expressed through them.
[ They will also not be bluffed into believing
there is no whittling away of power if in
# fact there is. |
|At the same time the Coloureds and In-
E dians will not be satisfied with less tha
= political equality. ae 7
it will require a pilot of some political ge-
5 nius to steer the reformist boat between
. the rocks that threaten to sink or dam-
* age it. ‘ .
~The Progressive Federal Party, as the of-
fa Hcial Opposition, is meanwhile in a real

2 _ fix,
‘Dr Van Zyl Slabbert, the leader of the
:. PFP, has admitted that there are people
who are saying that the PFP must help
Mr PW Botha, but he adopts a cautious
attitude.

“Two questions immediately arise: firstly,
whether and when the Prime Minister in-
tends introducing reforms, and secondly,
what is meant by the term ‘reform’,” he

Says. i

‘Until there is clarity on these two issues
— and we are nowhere near clarity — any
talk of ‘toenadering,’ reconciliation or
coalition politics is purely academic and
irrelevant.” .

, Unfortunately, Dr Slabbert does not see
? how irrelevant his party already is.

e political battle is now between the
Centre, as represented by Mr P W Bo-
tha’s reformist NP, and the Right, as rep-
resented mainly by Dr Treurnicht’s CP.
The country is on a knife-edge, and some
© politicians and parties are inevitably

going to suffer.

Whether the NP goes unflinchingly for
: major reforms, or introduces only such
, Teforms as will not lose it a great deal
:!more support, South Africa will not be
© the same again.

‘Nor will the volk be.

i

¢



FUTURE OF DISTRICT SIX DISCUSSED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 3 Apr 82 p 5

{Article by Neville Fransman:

tion"]
[Text]

” SPEAK about District Six to anyone classi-!
| fied “coloured” in terms of the Population
Registration Act.

‘he odds are good he or she may have
lived in the “Six”, or have family or other
social links with someone uprooted by the’
1966, Government decision that a prime
portion of South African real estate should

occupied only by whites.

The chances are also that, on mentioning .
District Six to your coloured acquaintance,

ou will be greeted with a brief glint of

itterness — only brief — immediately
replaced by the smiling comment that Dé
had become a favourite political discussion
point for “white” people and totally irrele-
vant to the people being talked about.

This is true. They do smile, almost pater-
nalistically and in a detached manner —

ticularly if Government statements on

istrict Six are recalled.

On February 22, 1980, Mr F W de Klerk,
then Minister of Environmental Planning,
made what must now be considered one of
the most amazing observations on land
area-which has gained prominence similar
to Watts in Los Angeles, Harlem in New
York and Pageview in Johannesburg.

On that day in Parliament Mr De Klerk
said: “The clearing up and eradication of
undesirable conditions were essential. The
location of Dé also made it an area with a

_natural contiguity to the city centre with a

“Tyiew to expansion, contiguity to a city cen-
tre that has a need for space to expand
since it is enclosed on all sides owing to
geographical factors.

“From these indisputable facts of loca-
tion and the resulting high value, particu-
larly after replanning and development,
certain inescapable conclusions come to
the fore. A new Dé could not be a purely
residential area, and in particular it could
not be utilized for low-cost housing.”

There were few coloured people, he said,
who could afford to live in District Six and
those who could were already settled
elsewhere.

In brief, Mr De Klerk was arguing — and
this is how he was reported by Sapa — that
realists would accept that an area with the
value of Dé could not be used for subsidised
housing.

Barely two years later the Department
of Community Development “is offering
renovated houses (prices ranging from
R31 000 to R52 200) to whites at subsidised

‘ices — 10% deposit and bonds at 13,5%.

comparison, building society rates are
14,25% for bonds between R25 000 and
R30 000, 14,75% for those between R30 001
and R40 000 and 15,25% for bonds above
R40 001.
Immediately afterwards Mr Colin Eglin,

PFP spokesman on housing, summed it up:

“It is disgraceful enough that the Govern-
‘ment used the Group Areas Act to drive
coloured people out of District Six. '

“But now the Department of Commmun-
ity Development is compounding that dis-
grace by offering fat financial induce-
ments, at the taxpayers’ expense, in order
to entice whites to buy houses which the
Government has taken from the coloured

ple.

“Apart from the basic immorality of the
Group Areas Act, as applied in general and
in District Six in particular, it seems in-
credible that the Government should use
public funds to give financial subsidies to
people who are relatively well-off — at a
time when, due to financial stringency and
rising costs, thousands of people of all
races are battling to find roofs over their
heads.”

This statement has been topped by on¢ of
South Africa’s best-known religious and
litical commentators. He is the Rev Alan
Boesak.

68

SOUTH AFRICA

"The Rape of District Six Nears Its Comple-



CONGO

BRIEFS

PRC PROTOCOL SIGNED--A protocol of agreement pertaining to the building of a
200-bed hospital in Loandgili II, near Pointe-Noire, was signed at the Ministry
of Cooperation on Saturday by the People's Republic of China and the People's
Republic of the Congo. The construction of this hospital is a part of the
5-year plan projects. The work is scheduled to begin, in principle, in 1984.
China was represented at the signing ceremony by its ambassador to the Congo,
Comrade Hu Shudu, and the Republic of the Congo was represented by the
secretary general for cooperation, Comrade Frank Gaston Tsikabaka—Loupey.
[Text] [Brazzaville MWETI in French No 556, 30 Mar 82 p 7] 5157

BIMONTHLY REGIONAL NEWSPAPER (ACI)--A bimonthly newspaper, ECHOS DE LA
CUVETTE, has just begun publication in the Cuvette region. ECHOS DE LA
CUVETTE is a bimonthly news and training organ published by the party commit-
tee in the Cuvette region. The first issue of this newspaper came out yester-
day, and included the following sections: editorial, main guidelines of the
5-year plan, news of the region, news of mass organizations, review of region-
al activities, militant's page, party propaganda, culture and sports, general
information, and bulletins. [Text] [Brazzaville BULLETIN QUOTIDIEN DE LIACI in
French 4 Mar 82 p 4] 5157

CSO: 4719/818

13



1

BUSINESSMEN DISTURBED AT ZVOBGO'S THREAT

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 23 Apr 82 p 1

[Text]

DISMAY has been expressed at
statements made by Dr Eddison
Zvobgo, the Minister of Legal and
Parliamentary Affairs, at
‘Chinhoyi last Sanday, when he
called for the eviction of. eight
UVANC families from Chibi and
urged local authorities to close
shops belonging to UANC
members. ~

A number of white and black
‘businessmen in Chinhoyi, Harare
and Bulawayo said this week they
were ‘most disturbed’: at such
comments made by a’ Cabinet
Minister during an official event
when he was representing the
Government. They said his speech
appeared to ‘‘cut right across the
policy of reconciliation’ as set out

-by the Prime Minister previously.

A spokesman for the UANC:
central committee in Harare said
the party was “astounded” at the
Minister’s sweeping condemnation
ofall UANC members.

“It is a question of liberty and
of what can happen to members of

* other political parties, not just the

UANC,”” said the spokesman.
“We have held a meeting of our
central committee this week and
‘one of the points discussed was this
speech. We shall issue a statement
later.””

STRONGLY UNITED

According to an official con-
firmation of the speech,
distributed on Tuesday by the
Zimbabwe Information Service,
Dr Zvobgo addressed the
Independence anniversary _cele-
brations at the — Chinhoyi

“Showgrounds on” April 18 and~
called on the people to be strongly
united to guard against dissident
elements,

He reacted “‘bitterly’* to reports
of armed dissidents roaming some
parts of Mashonaland West
Province and called for unity in the

4 whole province. He said dissident
‘elements were fed by some people,
who still resisted ZANU (PF) rule
and warned that there was no
second coming of independence:
Saying that the people wanted
peace, he said it was a shame if
dissidents continued to be’
harboured, because the people of
Chinhoyi were the pioneers in the
armed struggle. i
The statement said that Dr’
Zvobgo was ‘visibly angered” by |
the inclusion of a UANC choir on
the independence anniversary cele-
bration programme and he said
that he did not want to see them.

“There is something wrong with
the people of this province. In
Victoria, where } come from, we
do not have this nonsense of other
parties because we simply don’t
tolerate that. We evict'such people
from our province.”” :

Dr Zvobgo said he would “evict
eight families from Chibi_next

‘week because they’ were UANC

' people,” according to the report of
his speech issued by ZIS.

He said the UANC had cele-
brated their independence at the
Zimbabwe-Rhodesia time,
therefore to have that party in
Chinhoyi was an insult.

“Chinhoyi is the national shrine
of Zimbabwe because the libe-~

96

ZIMBABWE

ration-waf siarted here. You can’t
have any other party here except
ZANU (PF),"" Dr Zvobgo said.

CLOSE UANC SHOPS

He urged local authorities to
close shops which belonged to
UANC members, by not granting
them trading licences.

Asked to comment on whether
such action might. be taken the
‘Mayor of Chinhoyi, Councillor
Edgar Kwenda, told a Gazette
reporter-this week: ‘Dr Zvobgo
was speaking as a politician and we

are a council, It was a political

matter. It was not legislation and

‘we have no comment to make,

about his speech.”” ..

Dr Edward Mazaiwana,
secretary-general of the UANC,
said yesterday that the matter was
being discussed and a statement
would be issued later.

A spokesman for the Associated
Chambers of Commerce of
Zimbabwe could not be contacted
for comment.

Following a meeting to discuss
comments made against members
of the United African National
Councit in Chinhoyi by the
Minister of Legal and
Parliamentary Affairs, Dr Eddison
Zvobgo, on Sunday, a statement
has been made by the UANC
central committee.

The committee made - these
points after its meeting held in
Harare on Wednesday, ‘said the
UANC permanent secretary
yesterday:

“The Chinhoyi Independence
celebrations committee officially
invited the UANC to participate in



Hull

In this work, let us note that the keel (submerged part of the hull) must be
checked each year at a minimum. It is a fact that the chemical and vegetative
action of the sea is intensive. The vessel is placed in drydock for cleaning
and inspection for cathodic erosion. What is this? In the course of repairs,
the expert knows exactly where to place zinc plates on the keel to reduce the
erosion of the steel due to the cathode effect (more rapid on zinc than on
steel). This operation is a difficult one, because in order to place a vessel
in drydock 70,000 square meters of water must be pumped out! The cost is
assessed per meter and per day, and comes to about 2,000 Malagasy francs per
meter—day.

Weighting companies such as the Veritas Bureau'and Lloyds Register of Shipping
have experts who check on the condition of engines. Their work involves above
all establishing if the wear is normal and if the various parts still remain
within acceptable tolerance levels.

Vessels are required to have such inspections. It is the experts who estab-
lish the limits for each of them. Thus, when a ship owner needs an expert,
the SECREN may become involved. By way of information, note that a propeller
can weigh from 1 to 10 tons! Expert decisions are made after the work of dis-
mantling in the workshops.

In metal construction, the SECREN has a rather wide range of activities. It
already has a list of products presented in catalog form. The company can pro-
vide specifications to any interested body. For example it may offer a 23.40
meter patrol boat for use in ports. A ship owner, after inspecting the
catalog, can obtain a product produced to his specifications, although this is
more costly.

The SECREN can manufacture various kinds of vessels, as well as numerous types
of pumps for agriculture and industry (propeller pumps, double suction pumps
and multistage pumps). In addition, it also builds bridges and tanks for
hydrocarbons. All the heavy metal structural items can be produced in its
workshops (metal frameworks for vessels, dam bridges, etc.).

Problems

The SECREN is experiencing certain difficulties currently, its main problem is
underemployment in naval construction. From the military point of view, there
is hardly any market. Mr Kilobo, one of the high-ranking officials in the com-
pany, says that it would be necessary, for example, to build five ships like
the Vatsy for the merchant marine every year in order for the SECREN to be
profitable and to work at full capacity. It was structured for such work.

Limited demand is thus restricting its field of action. Moreover, the building

of the Vatsy cost a mere 400 million, resulting in the present impasse. The
volume of work is inevitably at a standstill. In addition, the development of

18



P "The Ministry for Educa-
tion and In‘ormation is orga-
nising ai 15-day festival of
Seychelles’ films to be shown
on Mahé, Praslin and La Di-
gue and a national arts and
crafts exhibiticn. This will in-
clude entries from all schools
and the National Youth Ser-
vice as well as the general
public.

“Radsey prceductions will

CSO: 4700/1196

release a cassette of Sey-
chellois liberation songs to,
be followed by a long playing
record. :

“And tre Iniormaticn De-*
partment is also organising a
photcgraphic exhibition of
the pclitical history of Sey-
chelles and of the successes

_ of the Seychellois revolution
so far.”

‘

47

«

Members of the Liberation |
celebrations organising com-
‘mittee appointed by the Pres-
ident are as follows: Mr.
James Michel (chairman),
Mrs. Geva. René, Mr. Ogilvy
Berlcuis, Mr. Philibert Loi-
zeau, Mrs, Rita Sinon. Mr.
John Mascarenhas, Mr. Jere-
mie Bonnelame and Mr. James
Pillay.

SAP



The Prime Minister has now gathered into his Cabinet, and
as deputy -ministers, men and women some-of whom’ have’

forsaken olf allégiances, ‘racial divisions and ‘outdated policies
to direct their efforts towards national unity.
~.- White politicians and would-be politicians should take a
lead from this. Zimbabwe does not need any new parties or re-
arrangement of individual politicians into new groupings. They
would be neither desirable nor effective.

It is a new political scene now and we wish Mr Holland a
good rest.

cso: 4700/1192

92



NIGER

SOME OFFICIALS BELIEVED TO DISCOURAGE PRIVATE INITIATIVE
Niamey LE SAHEL in French 9 Apr 82 p 3
[Article by Arbi]

[Text] My cousin, who barely knows how to read and write French, and who does
not therefore understand much of the economic and legal jargon of the modern
day, found himself with funds enough to undertake the establishment of his «..

own business... © — = -

He sold some assets, property and real estate, borrowed a little money left

and right from family and friends, and finally set up a construction enterprise.
This is the kind of business which prospers speedily in our country, as you
know well.

The only thing is this: in order for an enterprise to prosper, it must first
function. In other words, it must win a market, be awarded bids, etc.

And in this connection, you know, competition is rather tight, quite tight,
and in general customers place their confidence first in normally established
businesses, that is to say those based on a firm financial and legal foundation.

And it is on this last point here that my cousin feels somewhat handicapped.

It is not a question of money, but the regulatory aspect. Can you imagine

that for months, though he has paid everything required for the necessary paper-
work, he still has not received certain authorizations. The individual respon-
sible for these formalities is the only one so authorized, and naturally he

is overwhelmed. At least that's what he has been told.

The result is that my cousin has for months been president and general manager
of a business which, for lack of the proper "papers," cannot function.

One has to conclude that there are people who, consciously or otherwise, are
making an effort to discourage private enterprise. Except where my cousin
is concerned, for once again, he understands none of this.

5157
CsO: 4719/834

30



EQUATORIAL GUINEA

BRIEFS

PRESIDENT ON CONSTITUTION--President Obiang Nguema Mbasogo said recently his
government would publish a new constitution by August which provided for free
elections. President Nguema, who officially opened a three-day UN-sponsored
fund-raising conference for his country, told reporters his government had
promised to promulgate a constitution by the third anniversary of his advent
to power in August 1979 and would do so. He said the government had declared
a general amnesty and would like to see all those who had fled the country
during the previous regime return and help in the work of reconstruction.

He denied charges in a statement issued in Geneva by the Alianza Nacional de
Restauracion Democratic (ANRD) that the present government was still suppres-
sing political opposition and had jailed 340 opponents without trial,
executing one of them. "I know nothing about anybody being put in prison,"
he said. But to combat disorder and maintain peace, the government had for
the moment prohibited political parties, he said. Once the constitution was
promulgated, it would be put to a national referendum, to be followed by
elections. He declined to give a timetable for the elections. [Text]
[London WEST AFRICA in English No 3378, 3 May 82 p 1225]

cso: 4700/1195

14



SOUTH AFRICA

MARITIME CONFERENCE EXAMINES STRATEGY, ROLE OF NAVAL POWER

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 8 May 82 p 9

[Articles by Keith Abendroth]

[Text]

4A POWERFUL

was made out intern:

tionally in Pretoria yester=

\day for the establishment ofa strong Western-South African naval trea-
‘ty to protect the Cape sea route and guard against mushrooming Rus-
‘sian_naval interference. :

», Speakers attending a
Specialised conference
on maritime strategy,
hostéd in Pretoria by
the Institute for Strate-
gic Studies of Pretoria
University, were un-
ananimous that there
‘was a desperate need
for more Western naval
involvement in and
mear South African
waters.

And, they empha-
sised, the Falklands

‘war was particularly co-
igent at. this stage in
bringing home — hope-
fully — tothe West that
the days of “gunboat
diplomacy” were cer-
tainly not over.

Considerable atten-
tion was paid by top ex-
perts to the progressive
tendency of the West-

‘Not the End of Naval Power"

{THE ‘technological “ex- —

€plosion “and nuclear
military hardware did
‘not mean the end of na-
val power, Rear-Admi-
ral Robert Hanks, of
the Institute for For-
eign Policy Analysis,
Washington told the
conference.

” In fact, modern naval
strategy — more so
than ever before — de-.
voted essentially from
ithe geographic and in-

ternational~~ political
position of any nation
— maritime-dependent

or not.

Whether a “nation
sought to ensure unfet-

tered use of the seas or

to deny their use to an-
other, national objec-
tives had undergone
little change. -

He did. not believe
that nuclear warfare

ern powers to wind
down their naval
strength — to the point
where Britain had hur-
riedly had to press back
into service mothballed

ships,

Underlining it all,
was a mass of detail on
Russia’s grand plan to
control the southern

oceans.

used globi
“man’s inherent
‘wisdom,
somewhat questionable
commodity, will compel
chim to avoid this ulti-
mate tragedy.”

If he were to do so,
nuclear deterence
‘would necessarily occu-
py the centre stage.

This left .conflicts
‘featuring. coventional
fexplosives when na-
tions sought to resolve
their differences with
jarmed ~ prowess, if

58

‘at times a’

‘man’s ability to reason
deserted him.

“In the latter circum-
‘tances, the foregoing
jprinciples ‘and_impera-
| ‘tives become operative."
‘ “And’ so long as the

use of nuclear weapons
yis avoided, most of the
‘fundamentals of mari-
jtime- strategy remain
\valid, notwithstanding
‘technological improve-
ents,” he said.
Obviously,’ “nations
iwhich failed to compre-
thend this truth were
doomed to extinction.



DEVALUATION OF PULA REPORTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 8 May 82 p 17

[Text]

GABORONE. — “Bot-~
‘swana has devalued the
{pula 10 percent, effec-
itive immediately,
against a basket of cur-
rencies with which it is
‘linked, says the Bank of
‘Botswana.

A Bank of Botswana
spokesman said the
pula has been floating
too high against the

jouth African rand,
which itself has fallen
30 percent against the
‘US dollar over the last
15 months.

The rand has an im-
portant place in the
|} currency basket

‘against which the bank
values the pula, bank-
ing sources said.

But the exact compo-
-sition of the basket is
not known.

One pula equalled
1,12 rand on Thursday
and was expected to fall
to parity yesterday, the
sources added.

The bank also said it
had raised bank rate

‘one percentage point to
12 percent from 11 per-

cso: 4700/1193

ent and prime lending
rate _1,5 _ percentage
points: to 14,5 percent
from 13 percent, effec-
tive immediately.

The central bank sets
the prime lending rate,
which is followed by all
Botswana’s commercial
banks.

A Bank of Botswana
spokesman said there
would also be substan-
tial Government Bud-
get cuts, but gave no de-
tails.

Economists said Bot-
swana, which mines
about 15 percent of the
world’s diamonds, had
been badly affected by
current depressed dia-
mond market condi-
tions.

De Beers marketing
body, the Central Sell-
ing Organisation, cut
prices it paid for Bot-
swana’s diamonds last

year and reduced pur-

chases, and this had
halved Botswana’s dia-
mond revenue, they
added. — Reuter.

BOTSWANA



[positions but néver failed
,to deliver the goods in
his overall performances. «

Mr Sibeko held both
‘positions and ft was really
‘unfortunate that PAC did
not realise that a man of
lesser ability and status
‘could not hold both post-
tions.

The fact that PAC has
| had problems is no secret.
Nor are liberation difficul-
ties and problems pecu-
|Mlar to PAC alone. °
; AD genuine. liberation
;movements will . always
‘have problems, the only
‘exception is that when it
;comes to the PAC, the
imperialist Press, because
of its natural hostility,
i tend to exaggerate such
| problems and even add a
| lot_of Hes.
:__ The PAC existed before
‘Henry Isaacs ever dreamt
‘of entering politics and
jthe PAC will be there
‘long after the. Henry
Isaacs of this world have
disappeared.

M. E. L. Ntloedibe.
Gaborone.

cs0:. 4700/1192

90.



{he foutid ‘Cypriot leaders -
lighted with Seychelles” con-
demnation of Turkey's expan-
sionist occupation of nearly
half of Cyprus. The Seychel-
lois team met several Cypri-
ot ministers to pave the way
for economic and commercial
co-operation. .
, As a sign of the Special
{feeling the Cypriots had for
Seychelles through the exile
jhere in colonial times of their
late Archbishop Makarios, a
(representative of the Archbi-
shop’s family and of the Cy-
priot government would visit
[Seychelles to hand over to
the. Seychelles Government a
piece of land here bought by
the exiled leader.

SAP

cso: 4700/1196

35



othe national. Independence’ cele-'

{brations, and in response ‘UANC,
members participated offically in
the preparation of the celebrations
in Chinhovi and elsewhere in
Zimbabwe.

LEGAL PARTY

“The existence of the UANC is
not a: favour from ZANU(PF).
Ours is a fully constituted and
legally registered political party
with the right, whether Dr Zvobgo
likes it or not, to participate in all
national affairs.

“Staying away from ‘the

[Independence celebrations would |
‘have been considered as an!
i unpatriotic act; a boycott of our
national celebrations;

“Dr Zvobgo is displaying
complete ignorance of the basic
principle, the a.b.c. of national
liberation, in the question: who is
your friend and who is your foe.
Perhaps he can be excused since he
never participated in the national
liberation ,movement, but at the
eleventh hour went his way from
America into the Maputo-ZANU
hierarchy.

“The UANC members he tried
to chase away are the people he
Ought to work hard to convert into
ZANU(PF) membership...” _

cso: 4700/1192

97



BSA “oF ESTES
‘People’s Progressive Front. :

The President of the Peo-
ple’s Republic of Mozambi-
‘que informed likewise’ the
‘President of the Republic of
Seychelles . on. the — efforts
‘and success of the Mo-
‘zambican people in the trans-
formation of the social and
‘political life with the aim of
|building a socialist society un-
jder the leadership of Mar-
‘shall Samora Moises Machel,
\President of the _FRELIMO
‘Party, and President of the
People’s Republic of Mozam-

{ ee
i President France Albert
René saluted the achieve-

‘ments of the Mozambican
People under the leadership
of the FRELIMO Party in
the building of the socialist
society in Mozambique.

The two leaders expressed
the need ‘for greater develop-
ment of bilateral relations in
all fields between the two
countries in particular in the
fields of education, culture,
‘information, sport, commerce,
tourism, transport, agriculture,
‘fisheries - and cooperatives
‘and reaffirmed their will to
promote a closer cooperation
between the social and _politi-
cal organisations of the two
peoples and countries.

The two sides expressed
Stave concern over the aggra-
‘vation of international issues
caused by the forces ofimpe-|
rialism and colonialism there-
by hindering the freedom and
development of peoples of. the

world” ‘and constitat a’
threat ‘to peace and © interna~
tional security.

Examining the situation in
Africa, the two leaders: indi-
cated that significant changes
have taken place there during
the past decade, The struggle
for decolonization of the con-
tinent, enjoying the support of
Socialist countries and of all
progressive forces in the
{world has entered in its final:

jand decisive phase. Signifi-
cant political and social chan-
ges have also taken place in
the newly independent coun-
tries which are successfully
consolidating and safeguarding
their independence.

But at the same time they
expressed deep concern over
the strategy of destabilization
and aggression against those
African States with an inde-
pendent policy and which are
resolutely anti-imperialist and
anti-colonialist. They stressed
their determination to com-
bat all imperialist designs and
manoeuvres,

In this regard, the Mozam-
bican side commended the
people of Seychelles for their
resounding victory over the
25th November mercenary
aggression against their coun-
fry Ofganised and figuited by’
the regime of South* Africh °
and its allies.

It reaffirmed its solidarity
with the valiant people of
Seychelles and their govern-
‘ment in their struggle for the

38

defense of theieTM sOvendenty

‘and territorial integrity: ie

In highlighting the crimes
committed by mercenaries,
the two sides emphasised the
need for the African countries
to legislate against mercena-
tism, In this connection, they ”
expressed the need for OAU
‘member ‘states to ratify the
OAU convention against mer-
‘cenarism. They also underlin-
ed_the need for the United
“Nations to expedite the draft-
ing of the International Con-
vention against the recruiting,
financing, harbouring and the
facilitating of transit to mer-
cenaries and ensure its subse-
quent ratification by all mem.
ber states.

The Seychelles side ‘de-
nounced the South Africa’s
‘barbarous and unprovoked
‘acts of subversion and aggres-
sion against the Mozambican
people. It underlined that the
continued aggression against
other African countries is a
part of the broad strategy of
imperialism to destabilize . in-
dependent and sovereign sta-
tes through the apartheid re-
gime.

In pursuance of this policy,
the two sides denounced the
wide use made by the South
African regime and its allies
fof othéy 1&s @onspictious me-
‘thods, including economic
pressure and sabotage, secret
intelligence operations, the
training and supporting of
bandits and finally plots to
overthrow popular govern-
ments.