BABANGIDA'S STRATEGIES, APPOINTMENTS, PROBLEMS ANALYZED

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 1 Oct 85 pp 4-5

{Text ]

President Ibrahim Babangida has promised to
introduce a political programme next year and there
is every indication that it will entrench the military
as a political force on a permanent basis. His initial
promise to reduce the gap between rich and poor
has been qualified by his chief of general staff,
Commodore Ebutu Ukiwe, who said that nothing
would be taken away from the rich, although efforts
would be made to improve the lot of the poor. This
points to divisions within the Armed Forces Ruling
Council (AFRC) a palpable one exists over state
control of industry.

The 15-month austerity programme, or “‘state of
emergency”’, as Babangida called it in his National
Day speech on | October, suggests that the IMF
loan controversy is not being resolved. This may be
deceptive. He has appointed two separate panels
under well-known economists to conduct a public
debate on the questions of the. loan and“counter-
trade and announced that counter-trade deals involv-
ing food and consumer items will be cancelled. This
gives him time to let finance minister Kalu {. Kalu
make preliminary contacts over the nature of the
IMF package Lagos might obtain. .

The public debate has pushed opponents of the
IMF deal into describing the terms which would be
exacted by the IMF in their worst possible light. If
Kalu comes up with much more favourable condi-
tions, the contrast may. allow Babangida to sway
public opinion. Meanwhile the strong adverse reac-
tion to the IMF is strengthening the government’s
hand in bargaining with the IMF and creditors.

To announce 15 months of austerity, Babangida
had to be sure of support in the armed forces and
the country at large. He has moved with amazing
speed to strengthen his position by massive postings
of military personnel (AC Vol 26 No 19) and by

54

JPRS*SSA+85~113
15 November 198

NIGERIA



[Text] Religion in South Africa is the single,

largest factor between the various)
groups in the country and has the po-
tential to be one of the strongest cohe-
sive forces in.a deeply. segmented so-!
ciety.

But this “untapped” potential re-
mains inactive, with the result that at
the moment religion is often playing a
divisive rather than a cohesive role.

These are the findings of a working
committee of the Human Sciences Re-
search Council (HSRC) investigation
into intergroup relations and social
change in South Africa.

The team of researchers under the
chairmanship of Professor GC Oosth-
uizen of the University of Durban-
Westville warned the “political deci-
sion-makers” of the “destructive conse-
quences of polarisation in South Africa,
which is becoming more intense and
dangerous, not the least within reli-
gious communities.”

Also, churches had a heavy responsi-
bility to “build bridges in a deeply seg-
mented society and to provide the con-
text where conflicting perspectives can
be confronted with one another without
necessarily erupting”. .

Their report, which urged further re-
search into the roie of religion in South
Africa, was released in Pretoria yes-
terday.

Although the report showed religion
as often playing a divisive role in South
African society, it also indicated the
existence of “a remarkable consensus
on fundamental religious values which
could serve as a basis for constructive
relations.”

UNKNOWN

According to the 1980 census, 77 per-
cent of South Africans claimed, nomi-,
nally at least, to be ChriStian, with the

INVESTIGATIONS SAYS RELIGION COULD BECOME STRONG COHESIVE FORCE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 14 Oct 85 p 8

largest single religious groupings being
those of the so-called black indigenous
churches (20 percent) and a large “un-
known” one (18 percent).

Just over 51 percent of South Afri-
ca’s population did not belong to any of
the mainstream Western Christian
churches, although most of the world’s
greatest historical religious traditions
were represented.

“A “striking feature” was the rapid

growth “of the black — indigenous
churches, whose membership in-
treased from about two million in 1960
to almost six million in 1980, or by
-about 300 percent.

“They now number 36 percent of all
black Christians and one out of every
five ‘of the total black population be-
longs to one of these churches,” the re-
port said, adding that official recogni-
tion here could have an important sta-
bilising effect on society.

“Most of them exhibit a disinclina-
tion to be involved in conventional po-
litical activity.”

This did not mean they had no socio-
political options or significance, but
that their socio-political role was a
complex one which could not be under-
stood in conventional political terms.

, ‘APOLITICAL’
The black indigenous churches at
‘ present remained an unknown factor in
the South African context.
“although apolitical at the moment
in terms of conventional political op-
‘tions, in a situation of social confronta-
tion, this may change overnight to a
more radical attitude,” said the report.
The 230-page report dealt at length

with the “ambivalent” role of religion.

‘and the “reasonable expectation” that

118

JPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



Comrade Legesse expressed admiration for the successful implementation of the
various directives of the CC of the WPE and stressed that such an achievement
is a harbinger for further victories for Revolutionary Ethiopia as is witnessed
by the heroic deeds of its gallant sons and daughters in the past annals of
its history.

A report given by the representative of the campaigners concerning the execu-
tion of the campaign programme in Illubabor, Kaffa, Wollega, Gojjam and Gondar
regions said that tangible activities have been accomplished by translating
into deeds the directives given by the Revolutionary Leader.

He said that 249,502 compatriots had been resettled with 102,598 houses construc-
ted for them by the campaigners. He said that other facilities useful for them
had also been constructed.

He pointed out that in the 164 settlement villages, 106 clinics, nine health
stations, two hospitals have also been built which are rendering health serv-
ices to the compatriots.

He added that 30 elementary schools had been set up and that 22,370 compatriots
had successfully passed the test given at the end of the 13th round literacy
campaign.

Meanwhile, in Asmara, members of the first batch of WPE cadres were yesterday
received by Comrade Teferra Wonde, member of the CC of the WPE and First Sec-
retary of the WPE Committee of Eritrea region, upon their return here after
fulfilling their duties at rehabilitation sites.

Present at the welcoming ceremony held at the regional WPE Committee office
were regional party and government officials.

Speaking on the occasion, Comrade Teferra said that the services rendered by
the WPE cadres during the past six months had clearly demonstrated the leader-

ship role of the party.

Comrade Gebre-Medhin Gebreyesus, the representative of the cadres, outlined the
contributions of the cadres and the experiences they had gathered from the
society while engaged in rehabilitation duties.

cso: 3400/245



IPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

UGANDA

EXILES AWAIT RESULTS OF PEACE TALKS
Kampala MUNNANSI in English 18 Sep 85 p 5

[Excerpt] Civilian refugees from West Nile who fled into exile in Sudan as
the 1979 war of liberation advanced to Arua and Meye, have indicated that they
are waiting until the peace talks in Nairobi have been amicably concluded in
order to return to their homes in West Nile.

The refugees, believed to be about 30,000 disclosed this to the United Nations
High Commissioner for Refugees in the Sudan who visited their camps in Juba,
Southern Sudan. The High commissioner, in a BBC interview on last Tuesday,
said that although most of the ex-military men who served in Amin's regime had
returned to Uganda, the civilians had decided to wait until the conclusion of
peace talks. They said it would be futile for them to return now before they
were sure that there would be real peace and political stability in Uganda.
Because of this, they had turned down the offer of trucks which has been put
at their disposal for transport back to Uganda. Only the ex-soldiers availed
themselves to the transport.

113104
cso: = 3400/298

149



JPRS*SSA-85+113
15 November 1985

UGANDA

NEW PARTY MAKES POLITICAL COMMENTS
Kampala WEEKLY FOCUS in English 24 Sep 85 pp 1,6

[Text] The National Liberal Party (NLP) leader Tiberio Atwoma Okenyi has made
extra ordinarily strong attacks on NRP Capt. Khamis Safi, Foreign Affairs
Minister Olara Otunu and UFM leader Andrew Lutakome Kayiira.

In a serious move the NLP boss also lashed at NRF and Sheikh Kamulegeya,
'Ugandan's for Peace movement and the alleged expulsion of non-Baganda from
Mukono District.

Mr. Okenyi denounced NRF Captain Khamis Safi for his recent utterances at
Kawempe.

The NLP boss called for appropriate action by the government against these
wild utterances.

NLP further called upon the government to make a statement on press reports
that NRF has its headquarters at Sheikh Kamulegey'a home which is being
politically, militarily and religiously guarded, adding that there is cause
for alarm.

In an analysis of recent press reports Okeny also described Dr Kayiira's
recent statement that there is no possibility of UFM ever fighting NRA as a
statement of strong intention

"By velifying UNLA as mere fighting group and not a national army and
establishing his independent office in Speke Hotel is yet a further indication
of his strong intention. If those intentions are for the good and peace in
the country remain to be seen. Can Kayhiira faithfully seve the two masters
while paying Lip-Service? Okenyi wondered.

The NLP boss furhter denounced Uganda's Foreign Affairs Minister Olara Otunu
for his recent assertions to the world in Khartoum that the present Cabinet in
Uganda is an amalgation of all political parties in the country.

"This is untrue as we know it here at home that NLP has so far been denied
inclusion for unspecified reason, he elabolated.

144



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
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transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
jast line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



‘PEACE TALKS', 'NATIONAL CONVENTION' BECOME DIVISIVE ISSUES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 11 Oct 85 p 10

[Article by Jo-Anne Collinge]

[Text]

Enthusiastic proponents of political
peace talks have been frustrated by
the refusal of leaders of most popular
— and predominantly black — organi-
sations to take up seats at the confer-
ence table. .

No one can doubt that those behind
initiatives, such as supporters of the
Convention Alliance, are serious about
drawing as wide a range of opinion as
possible into their drive for political
negotiation.

But, equally, no one can claim that
they have so far gained meaningful
participation from popular black or-
ganisations or figures,

Initiatives of the Convention Alli-
ance and exhortations by British par-
liamentarians fail to take into account
the distinct and binding pecking order
which exists in non-parliamentary poli-
tics, and the shifting agenda of popular
organisations.

Years of white rule seem to have
blunted sensitivities to the clear pyra-
rid of authority which exists in non-
parliamentary politics. No doubt South
Africa’s extensive security laws have
contributed to this — for, as surveys
and. pronouncements by prominent.
personalities revea’, the African Na-
tional Congress. though outlawed,
stands at the head of this hierarchy of
recognition.

A roundup of political surveys shows.
that the ANC, despite its illegal status,
consistently commands more support
in the townships than any other organi-
sation. South African business leaders,
in contrast to their parliamentary
counterparts, seem to have taken ac-;
count of this.

“The Star in three polls aimed at

pinpointing which black political body
has the strongest support and which
leader is the most popular, found that
the ANC and Nelson Mandela were
way ahead. In the political organisa-
tion polls the ANC cornered 40 percent
of the votes in 1981 and 34 percent in
1983. The support for Mandela was si-
milarly impressive. In 1981, 76 percent
of the. people polled voted him the

_Mmost popular leader, 82 percent in 1983

and 73 percent in 1985.

Inkatha’s Chief Mangosuthu Buthele-
zi polled 39 percent in 1981, 22 percent
in 1983 and five percent in 1985.

Next in popularity after Mandela
were: 1981 — Dr Nthato Motlana of the
Soweto Civic Association; 1983 — Dr
Motlana and Mrs Albertina Sisulu,
president of the United Democratic
Front; and 1985 -- Nobel Laureate
Bishop Desmond Tutu.

A recent poll by the Institute for
Black Research and the Community ,
Agency for Social Inquiry confirms the’

‘ANC and Mandela rankings, with 31

it support for Mandela and the’
ANC. Bishop Tutu gained 16 percent of

.of the vote while 14 percent went to:
: the UDF and other “radical” organisa-

tions. The Nationalist Government and
Inkatha/Chief Buthelezi polled eight
percent apiece.

Professor Lawrence Schlemmer’s
1984 survey shows an inverted pattern
in Natal where Inkatha led with 54
percent support.

But the law ensures that no mass
based, openly functioning political or-.
ganisation can afford to promote the
ends of the ANC. So political organisa-
tions and popular leaders have tended

114

JPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



He denied that Saudi Arabian Government taxes pilgrims as carried by the Ni-
gerian press, saying "the government only sought its reward from Almighty
Allah".

Asked if there were other illegal aliens beside Nigerians in Saudi Arabia, Al-
haj Abu Ouf said there were thousands of other nationals living illegally in
his country, adding all would be deported along with their Nigerian counter-
parts soon.

Meanwhile the Saudi Arabian Consulate in Kano has distributed over 10,000 copies
of Hausa translated Holy Korans to individuals and educational institutions

in Kano State while Yoruba and English translated copies were also sent to
Lagos.

CSO: 3400/228

63



JPRS*SSA*85+113
15 November 1985

UGANDA

NEW POLITICAL PARTIES EACH WANT MINISTERIAL POST
Kampala WEEKLY FOCUS in English 17 Sep 85 p 2

[Text] The ruling Military Council has again come under fierce attack for
what has been described as over~looking the new political parties. The Uganda
Peoples Congress (UPC) and the Democratic Party (DP) have also been condemned
for what has been termed their decampaigning against the new parties.

The Head of State and Chairman of the Military Council General Tito Okello and
Prime Minister Abraham Waliggo have been urged to at least allocate one
ministerial post to each of the new political parties which includes God
Commands Universe (GCU) and the National Liberal Party (NLP).

This is necessary in order for the government to have support of all members
of the public including those who are members of the new political parties.

“By all means if Uganda wants total peace, all political parties must not be
overlooked in anyway, since all of them have a following of Christians and
Muslims.”

The accusations and appeal have come from the President General of Uganda's
only political religious leader Pastor Mordy Nowaruhanga who says he is also
President General of United Parties Umbrella (UPU).

Pastor Nowaruhanga who this time appears less controversial argued that he has
been strongly advised by the public to take a ministerial post.

“If the cake was prepared for all political parties then the Military Council
has to make the cabinet be shared by all the political parties in the country
and the ministerial appointment committee should have been headed by neutral
men other than staunch UPC and DP supporters respectfully.” he added.

The Pastor maintained that UPU is ready to take any ministerial and even
Deputy Ministerial posts available, in addition to any managerial appointment
in government companies.

He also seriously attacked DP and UPC for what he called overlooking and

decampaigning against the new political parties, warning that a struggle of
hatred would prevail if greed of power continues.

147



One major area of serious neglect, is government's inability to monitor and con-
trol the prices at which goods are actually sold to both the distributors and
the general public. Import licences are issued to companies who import at of-
ficial exchange rates. But unfortunately after importing the raw materials or
finished products, these companies instead of selling at reasonable prices within
the planned income level of every body would rather resort to inflating the
prices to match the black market prices of imported items by smugglers who buy
foreign currencies four times the official rate. By this act the stock market

is ever busy with good returns. Companies make huge profits inspite of the bad
state of the country's economy.

Distributors

On distributorship the management of almost all the companies that deal on es—
sential commodities collude with distributors all over. Certain amount is us-
usally fixed to a carton of any product and this does not reflect on invoices.
Also with the change of any government in power the new government with their
interest group would insist on taking their fair share of distributorships.
This group specialises in selling the coupons instead of the products.

However a way should be sorted out of this mess, in this regard I would suggest
that every company should make known to the public once every year the names
and locations of their distributors or agents. The obvious fact is that 50
per cent of Nigerian distributors are public officers or their agents.

The Nigerian worker can never live well on his income alone and those who live
on their income live very wretched lives. This is an obvious fact. The struc-—
ture of the government machinery and the actual operators are very responsible
for this hopeless situation. Everybody should think for the interest of the
future generation of this country.

Another major factor for the high cost of goods in Nigeria is that one item is
taxed many times before it reaches the ultimate consumer or the retailer. There
is high import duty on entry, excise duty at the factory, another excise duty
at the factory, another excise duty on the first point of purchase by distri-
butor or an agent, states sales tax on the buying distributors and another
sales tax at the point of retailing especially liquor and other essential com-
modities.

The total taxes should be reasonable and must be within the income level of

the Nigeria people. The Nigerian millionaires should not be used as the yard-
stick. But the level of taxation must not go beyond the income level of the
people especially the known ones the Nigerian workers. The provision of these
goods should not regarded as providing services. The government has so many
avenues of collecting taxes by providing services to the people and those who

use these services should pay for them. Such services like good roads, petroleum
products, health, transportation and entertainment centres etc.

Nigerians have been over stretched with various levies by the state govern—

ments. These levies by governments are nothing short of begging by force a very
dandatory collection. Once more, government should provide services and let

74



Contrary to what had been reported, this enterprise has 99 workers, of whom 56
are basic, middle- and higher-level technicians. Of these 56, 33 are
Angolans.

Valerio Guerra Marques further said that the EMPROJECTOS has a technical aid
contract with the CIPRO, an enterprise specializing in buildings and urban
development plans.

5157
Cso: 3442/5

10



JPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

ends meet half-way, on 6 September BMW closed its factory in Rosslyn near
Pretoria for 5 weeks of special vacations.

The competitive battle has become even tougher below the luxury car class.
WW, whose market share had been 25 percent at one time, lost ground, and
mostly to the Japanese; its market share dropped to a historic low of 9
percent, and is about 15 percent at present. If German firms should one
day shift into reverse gear, it will hardly be for political reasons, but
solely economic.

Siemens Holds Steady Course
Hamburg DER SPIEGEL in German 30 Sep 85 pp 182-187

[Interview with Werner F. Zieler, Siemens manager in Johannesburg, by
SPIEGEL editor Paul M. Schumacher, at the Siemens branch in Johannesburg:
“There Are Some Sleepless Nights"]

{Text} Schumacher: Mr. Zieler, South Africa's economy is in a deep
recession. The large German automotive firms had to go to shortened work
shifts and close some factories. How is business with Siemens,the largest
German enterprise in South Africa?

Zieler: We are in the fortunate position that at present, all five of our
factories are working peacefully and reasonably, although with some
friction.

Schumacher: Siemens has no plans to go to shortened work shifts?

Zieler: During the past two years we were forced to undertake extra-
ordinarily difficult reductions in manpower. This was not only due to the
economic situation. If there should be fluctuations, we will introduce
shorter shifts rather than dismiss more people.

Schumacher: How many of your employees were hit by the reductions?
Zieler: When I arrived in South Africa 3 years ago, we had 8,000
employees; now there are 6,500. This is also partly due to the fact that
for various products we switched to modern electronic systems.
Schumacher: Recently you had a 2-week strike?

Zieler: It was settled before the original causes of the strike were
eliminated, because we remained reasonable partners in dialogue. Lastly,
the Metal Workers Union and the Allied Workers Union followed economic

reason and the pressure of their own members.

Schumacher: Or was it the firing of 1,240 Siemens workers which forced the
settlement?

123



JPRS“SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

FEW GERMAN FIRMS PLAN TO DIVEST DESPITE ECONOMIC SETBACKS
Hamburg DIE ZEIT in German 13 Sep 85 pp 25-26
[article by Otto Eglau: "Balancing Act on the Powder Keg"]

(Text] Marcus Bierich, managing director of Robert Bosch GmbH, quickly let
the good news be known: the company head spread via press wire the
announcement that the predominantly Black work force at Brits, his South
African plant near Johannesburg, had been granted the highest hourly wage in
the entire region in a wage agreement that had been negotiated only hours
earlier.

The settlement came about only after a tough struggle that turned dramatic in
its final phase early on the morning of 6 September. The negotiations between
the local Bosch management and the racially mixed "Metal and Allied Workers
Union" (MAWU), which had begun in July, threatened to collapse when the
Germans locked out the 500 outraged employees after two earlier walkouts, and
the group barricaded itself in the plant cafeteria in protest. Only on
instructions from Bosch headquarters in Stuttgart did the plant management
finally give way, rehiring all the workers while reliquishing disciplinary
measures, and restoring calm with a wage agreement that would scarcely be
conceivable in normal times.

The events at Bosch, occuring amidst a politically intensified situation that
has been further burdened by announcements of sanctions abroad and economic
emergency measures within South Africa, are not unique. Similar incidents
took place in the five South African Siemens plants. The background to this
was that the hard-to-predict MAWU, which is strongly influenced by
participatory democracy and is only one of a total of four unions active at
Siemens, insisted on direct wage negotiations with the German multinational
managers. However, Siemens belongs to the "Industrial Council," which
functions as the official wage negotiator for management, and with which
Siemens, the main supplier of telephone switchboards and other high-tech
products in the public domain, could break rank only with difficulty. In
order to limit the conflict, the plant management, which even well-meaning
observers consider to be overly rigid, dismissed nearly 1300 of the 6000
employees without notice--a perfectly common practice in Cape Province. Only
after lengthy negotiations and an arbitration procedure did the governors at

129



It is clear that the interest of foreign companies and their Algerian friends
are against the interests of our people. Therefore I suggest to the government
and our people the following solutions to the problems of foreign companies in
Nigeria:

(a) The Nigerian government must take over all foreign companies.

(b) These companies should come under the control of elected workers who are
honest and patriotic.

(c) The Nigerian government should negotiate carefully the compensations
that should be paid to the owners of these foreign companies.

(d) The profits from these companies should be used to pay for full employment
for all Nigerians, compulsory and free education relevant to the needs of our
people.

COMPANIES 1984 1983
West Africa Portlant Cement Co. Ltd. 416.031m 2¥12.648m
(Retained profit carried forward) 446.646m:37.729m

2. Texaco Nigeria Limited 14.032 N14.455m
3. Hagemeyer “N4.47m -N4.49m
4, Allied Bank of Nigeria Limited §4.0lm N3.542m
5. Owena Bank (Nigeria) Ltd. N7.598m 10.640
6. [Con Ltd (Merchant Bankers) 85.520m N4.119m
7. Pfizer Products Ltd. ¥1.634m 340.852
8.Nigeria Arab Bank Ltd. §5.955m_3N3.869m
9. Chase Merchant Bank Nigeria Ltd. 5.457m! 35.057.
10. BOCH td. 821.757m N18. 505m
11 — Fire Bank of Nigeria Limited 829.143M 829. 849m
COMPANIES 1983 1984
12. International Bank 1.» West Africa Ltd. N1S.291m. 814.498m
12 Societe Generale Bank of Nigeria Limited. §3.713m 46.036m
1! Chemical and Allied Products Ltd. 4.93.4) M2.648m
15. U.A.C. of Nigeria Limited - 830.95 413.619
16. John Halt Limited A13.703m M10.148m
‘7, Guiness Nigeria Limted §26.978m 431.724m.
8. Nigerian Tobacco Company Limited §8.730m = @5.481m
19. Nig. tia Sewing Maching Manufacturing
Company Limited 1.858m + 0.212m
20. Mobil Oil Nig. Ltd. 826.073m 13.870m
21. Nigeria Hoechst Ltd. . 82.954m —-82,217m
22. Nigerian Breweries Ltd. NSS 358m. 449.402m

cso: 3400/228

69



JPRS“SSA«85~ 113
15 November 1985

GABON

BRIEFS

RELATIONS WITH FRANCE--President Bongo has continued to manipulate skillfully
Franco-Gabonese relations to his advantage. When it seemed that Paris was not
going to send a high-ranking delegation to attend the 25th independence
anniversary celebrations in mid-August, the Gabonese leader raised a storm.
He hinted that ties could be permanently damaged if France allowed the
opposition movement, MORENA, to establish a "government in exile” in France.
Accordingly, Paris sent foreign minister Roland Dumas, Penne, Jean-Christophe
Mitterrand and head of the televison station, TF-1, Herve Bourges. Bongo is
also seeking to influence the nomination of the new French ambassador to
replace Dabezies. [Text] [London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 10 Oct 85 p
8]

/13104
cso: 3400/301

27



AWB WANTS AFRIKAANS HOMELAND IN NORTH NATAL, FREE STATE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 21 Oct 85 p 11

{Article by Keith Abendroth]

[Text]

cso:

DELEGATES to the
Afrikaner Weerstand-
beweging. conference
in Pretoria on Saturday
decided that — as a
start towards estab-
lishing their own
“Boerestaat” — a
specialised Afrikaner
only labour bureau and
trade union must be
started. '

Unanimously the del-
egates decided that these
resolutions should receive
the further attention of a
special action committee
that was elected.

Another resolution was
to start working now to
hold a national congress
of all “true Afrikaners”
on “Republic Day next
year for concrete action
to be taken on growing
demands for an Afrika-
ner-only state to be estab-
lished in the Free State
and Northern Natal.

Speakers at Saturday
morning’s session casti-

3400/250

gated “the volk for losing
the ability to do manual
labour”.

Prominent —_ extreme
rightwinger Mr Robert
van Tonder urged that a
special “volkskool” be es-
tablished for —_Afri-
kaansspeaking people.

He said a competent
teacher should be sought
and bought away from the
education —_ authorities,
paid a substantial salary,
given a house and a dead-

line of 1987 for this
school.

Dr J H Barnard said
the Afrikaner should
learn to develop his busi-
ness talents and set up
businesses among his own
people — getting away
from the traditional Afri-
kaner view of business-
men as hawkers or
“cheapjack”.

Mr Hendrik Verwoerd,
son of the late Prime Min-
ister, said Afrikaners had
forgotten how to work
with their hands — and
said that “foreign labour”
was making the Afrikaner
even more complacent —
and dependent.

“We must roll up our
sleeves, get to work and
re-learn how to do every-
thing for ourselves, from
gardening to repairing
our cars,” he said.

98

JPRS*SSA*85+113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS+SSA*85+113
15 November 1985

LIBERIA

SECOM RULES SOLDIERS IN UNIFORM WILL BE DENIED VOTE

Monrovia FOOTPRINTS TODAY in English 11 Oct 85 pp 1, 10

{Text ]

The Special Elections Com-
mission (SECOM) yesterday
outlined several measures
designed to "safe-guard”
the ensuing general elec-
tions scheduled to be held
next Tuesday, October 15,
SECOM Chairman Emmett
Harmon, who disclosed the
measures at & press con-
ference, said army per-
sonnel will not be allowed
to carry arms or weapons
with thea on elections
day, except those on as-
Signment during the elec-

19274

cso:

3400/259

tions.

Cdunsellor Harmon said
all army personnel going
to the polls would not be
allowed to vote in uni-
form. .

According to Mr. Harmon,
no army or para-military
personnel would be permit-
ted to carry with them any
dangerous weapons such as
arms, steel helmet. ar
knife on elections day.

He added that any mili-

34

tery or pera-military per-
sonnel caught carrying
weapons with them will be
ordered arrested and sub-
jected to appropriate dis-
ciplinery. measures by the
Defense Ministry.

Mr. Harmon further said,
“SECOM will keep complete
vigilance on all citizens
going to cast their bal-
lots on elections day so
‘as to ensure that there
is no foul-play at the
polls"

He noted that any citi-
zen or potential voter
found obstructing the
election process on that
day would be immediately
arrested, would forefeit
his /her voting rights
and prosecuted in keeping
with the laws,



JPRS
15

NATION CUTS OIL IMPORTS, BUYS MORE RAILWAY EQUIPMENT, MANUFACTURES

Luanda SADCC ENERGY in English May-Jul 85 pp 79, 80

[Text]

During UDI Smith’s Rhodesia suffered
economic blockade and the country’s in-
dustrial equipment deteriorated. From
1980 and Independence, recovery of the
industrial infrastructure became a major
objective with immediate repercussions on
imports. Purchases abroad of capital
equipment reached over 40% of all im-
ports in 1982 from US$150m. in 1978 to
US$530m.

Long-term financing and lines of credit
granted by the industrialized countries al-
so facilited purchases of industrial goods.
Textile plant electricals, building equip-
ment and machinery, buses and trucks and
spares were major items.

Railway equipment imports which in
1978 were merely 4% of the total
(US$5.9m.) jumped in 1982 to 16% of all
purchases or US$84.7 m. This shows the
government’s high priority for restructu-
ring the country’s railway system, vitally
important for landlocked Zimbabwe de-
pendent on Mozambique’s Beira and
Maputo and South Africa’s Durban. Elec-
trical plant imports also increased dra-
matically from US86.3m. in 1978 to
US360.8m. in 1982. These imports have
continued to rise. Transport imports also
rose substantially with acquisition of new
buses and trucks and spare parts rising
from US$I1.2m. in 1978 to US$38.9m. in
1982.

Heavy engineering and construction ca-
pital équipment imports rose from
US$3.8m. in 1978 to US$24.3m. in 1982.
Plant for the textile and leather industries,
imports for which totalled US$3.8 mln in
1978, rose to US$27.4 m. in 1982.

MARKETS FOR MANUFACTURES

The Zimbabwe market gives an indica-
tion of the country’s possibilities. The

market has developed internally thanks to
a series of measures adopted by the new
government which has directly and indi-
rectly improved distribution of earnings
among the majorit of Zimbabweans. Imports
of manufactures have not only been maintai-
ned but have increased in the period 1978-
1982. In 1978 they represented US$103 m.
while in 1981 they stood at US$338.9 m.

Textile imports increased from US$17.5 m.

in 1978 to US$54 min in 1981. Paper and
board imports rose from US$8.5 im. to
US#24.1 m. in the same period.

Iron and steel manufactured imports re-
presenting 23.56% of imports in 1978
(US$24.2m.) had risen to a total of
US$67.6m. in 1981 though only represen-
tating 19.95%,

ZIMBABWE'S PROBLEMS

It is true all of these figures suffered a
setback in 1982 because of difficulties with
overseas trading. But they are signs of an
obvious effort by the government to im-
prove the pattern of life even ai the of the
trade balance which pense was clearly in
deficit in the period 1978-1982. Exports
reached record levels in 1980 at
US$1,400m. but by 1982 had fallen back
to slightly over US$1,000m. The balance

SSAe85*114
November 1985

ZIMBABWE



JPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

NIGERIA

BABANGIDA EXPLAINS DEPLOYMENT OF MILITARY PERSONNEL TO PARASTATALS

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English

[Text]

cso:

THE President, Major-General
Ibrahim Babangida, has explain-
ed that Armed Forces personnel
were deployed to parastatals to
achieve an effective running of
such establishments.

General Babangida who gave

the explanation in. Lagos on a
Nigerian Television Authority
(NTA) interview programme, at
the weekend said army personnel
deployed to such establishments
were given specific targets. _

The Armed Forces Ruling
Council (AFRC) had on Friday
approved the appointments of
twelve chief executives for
parastatals and three directors
for the Federal Mini.cy of
trade.

‘The Chief txecutives are Lt.
Col. Tony Etukudor, Standard
Organisation of Nigeria;
Brigadier J.1. Onaja, Chairman
of Nigerian National Supply Com-
pany, while Major A. Dahiru was

appointed General Manager of
the company. .

Group Captain David Ikpeme
was appointed. military ad-
ministrator of the Government
Coastal Agency while Brigadier
M.B. Haladu was appointed
General Manager of the Nigerian
Ports Authority.

Lt. Col O. Onyekwelu was ap-
pointed Port Manager, Apapa:
Commodore Halidu, Port
Manager, Tin Can Island: Major
A. Doherty (retired), Warri Port
and Colonel Tony Sidelu, Port
Harcourt/Onné Port.

3400/231

30 Sep 85 pp 1, 3

Wing Commander M.B. Ahmed
(retired) National Freight Com-
pany; Air Commodore N. Yusuf.
Nigerian Airports Authority:
Group Captain A. Azeez.
Nigerian Civil Aviation Centre.

ia: Air Commodore U.S.
Nigerian Civil Aviation
Training, Lagos.

Brigadier Saidu A. Balogun,
Nigerian Railway Corporadon
(NRC) and Major Lawal Gwada-

be, Nigerian National Shipping
dine, NNSL.

Malam Brendin Shehu was ap-
pointed Chief Executive,
Nigerian Film Corporation for
parastatals under Ministry of In-
formation, A!haji Isa Ozi Salami.
General Manager, Nigeria Paper
Mill, Jebba while Alhaji Jinadu
Mamuda was appointed Assis-
tant General Manager of the
company

Malam Wada Maida was ap-
pointed Editor-in-Chief of the
News Agency of Nigeria (NAN).

Those appointed as directors
under Federal Ministry of Trade
are Group Captain Ehigibe.
Navy Captain L.D. Gwan and Lt
Col M.A. Rufai.

The post of part-time Chairman
and that of Managing Director
for the Nigerian National Supply
Company Limited (NNSC) were
abolished..

59



JPRS*SSA*85+113
15 November 1985

TOGO

BRIEFS

CONTRACT WITH GAULLIST PARTY~-Minister of Information and presidential
eminence grise, Theodore Gbegnon Amegboh, has been spending increasingly long
periods in Paris to reactivate his contacts with the right-wing Gaullist
party. It is through lawyer Raymond de Gouffre de la Pradelle that he has
access to Gaullist supremo, Jacques Chirac. President Gnassingbe Eyedema is
worried by the bomb attakes this summer in Lome and wants to be assured that
activists in the Paris-based opposition are kept under tight control.
Likewise, Amegboh, an ex-speaker on Radio France Internationale, has been
trying to improve Togo's poor press image in France. [Text] [London AFRICA
CONFIDENTIAL in English 10 Oct 1985 p 8]

DEBT RESCHEDULING ARRANGED--Togo's principal creditors, including France, have
agreed in principle to a rescheduling of the country's debts, according to a
report published on June 27. The rescheduling is to be spread over 11 years
with a five-year grace period. In 1984, Togo's debts were estimated at 314bn
CFA francs. [Text] [Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE JOURNAL in English Sep 85 p 24]

/13104
cso: 3400/301

143



JPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

LIBERIA

DOE ASSURES CIVIL SERVANTS OF SALARY ARREARS
Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 10 Oct 85 pp 1, 6

[fext] ‘The Liberian Leader, CIC Dr Sammel Kanyon Doe has assured that all
employees serving the Liberian government will receive their salary arrears
pefore the scheduled October 15 general elections.

He said true to its commitment to seek the well-being of its citizens govern-
ment was determined to ensure that employees' salaries were paid to enable them
to meet their socio-economic needs.

The Head of State gave the assurance Tuesday in Yekepa, where he addressed
thousands of workers, citizens and residents as well as partisans of the
Yekepa Branch of the NDPL at a political rally organized in support of his
candidacy for the presidency.

Dr. Doe, who arrived in Nimba County in Mount County included Cabinet Ministers,
members of the Interim National Assembly and officials of the National Demo-
eratic Party of Liberia.

/12851
cs0: 300/263

30



JPRS*SSA*85~*113
15 November 1985

NIGERIA

SAUDI ARABIA TO DEPORT 23,000 NIGERIANS
Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 6 Oct 85 p 12
[Article by Bako Mohammed]

[Text] About 23,000 Nigerian citizens who are now idle in Saudi Arabia have
gone there via the international route ostensively to perform the holy pil-
grimage.

The Saudi Arabian Consul-General in Kano, Alhaji Abdul Raheem Abu Ouf, told
SUNDAY TRIUMPH in an interview that most of the citizens were from the 10
northern states of the country.

He disclosed that arrangement by the Saudi Arabian government had reached
advanced stages for the deportation of the 23,000 Nigerian citizens.

He could not give a specific date on which the deportation exercise would com-
mence,.

However, the Consul General dismissed the rumour that the pilgrims were
stranded and pointed out that they deliberately preferred to remain in the holy

land without immigration particulars.

He said those to be deported included not only the international route pilgrims
but a few of those who went through the National Pilgrims Board, and others who
went for the lesser Hajj.

On measures to arrest the situation whereby pilgrims refuse to return from the
holy land, the Consul General said the consulate could not stop issuing visas
to people who visit Saudi Arabia for religious purposes.

"We warned the Nigerian representatives at the embassy there to take care of
their people in order to convince them to come back home but to no avail",
he said.

Alhaji Abu Ouf said however that’ he knew that Nigeria's Ambassador to Saudi
Arabia had beer doing his best to convince the Nigerian citizens there to re~

turn home.

62



COMMENTARY REVEALS DISMAY AT GOVERNMENT'S INCONSISTENCY

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 9 Oct 85 p 4

by the Government expresses

itself every time it proposes
something that directly touches the
lives of ordinary people."

Not too long ago we were told of.
seemingly dazzling reforms that in-
cluded the removal of the pass sys-:
tem and influx control.

At about the same time, the pres-'

* sure on the lid of oppression was in-
tensified disproportionate to the in-'
_tended reform process. If this has an
‘unsettling effect on the governing
process, which it seems to have, .
what effect does it have on the peo-
ple?

The Minister of Transport Ser-
vices, Mr Hendrik Schoeman has
announced an increase in train and
bus fares. The fares will go up by
between 10 percent and 15 percent,
next month,

At the same time the Government
announced that R500 mi will be allo-
cated to special programmes for
‘those out of work.

This type of inconsistency goes
right down to the bedrock of govern-:
mental policy. Mr P W Botha is try-;
ing almost desperately to be seen'to
create effective reform. But while he,
is about it he seems to lack the cour-
age to bring the process to fruition.

The dilemma the Government?
faces is not insuperable as we havé
said on many occasions. The trouble.
is they follow advice given to them in:
all honesty, long after it has been’
given. Partly because'they fear this

[Text] i T": “schizophrenia displayed

will show a sign of weakness, and
, most certainly because they are

afraid of upsetting the rightwingers

in their constituencies. :

The result in the end is, every-

body seems amazed that we blacks:

appear to have no sense of gratitude

: for seemingly massive reform pack-_
ages.

If the indigent black population is
given a chance to keep body and soul
together — to quote the rather
evocative phrase by a government
{spokesman — that money is then

forced back into state coffers by in-
( creased tarrifs. We are not even

\ mentioning things like General Sales «

Tax which have made the cost of liv-

ing in South Africa almost impossi-‘

ble, even for wealthy whites.

We do not see how those people,
who are unemployed, will gain if
they are assisted in doing relief
work, when basic things like fares

‘go up.

j. Itis a shame that a country that is
potentially the most viable in Africa
has to go through such economic
sloughs. The depression which some
people compare with what happened
in the 30s is worsened by.
the system of apartheid, Apartheid
is not only expensive materially, but
morally and otherwise. It eats at the
innards of ths country’s viability.

We are amazed for instance that
no constructive measures are made
to resolve the problem of the future
leaders and workers of this country;

99

JPRS*SSA+85~113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



The attempt by militant political groups to carry their activities against
the Botha regime also into the branch establishments of multinational
firms, confronts the shop stewards with difficult problems. Generally,
they make every effort to keep violent disturbances away from their
factories through cautious cooperation with the plant managers. On the
other hand, they can no longer afford to ignore the danger of becoming the
target of attacks by radical Blacks as collaborators, should the tensions
grow worse. One safety valve, to let off political steam in the factories,
is the short work stoppages (stay-aways) which the plant management~-often
discreetly forewarned--suffers without disciplinary measures as a form of
force majeure.

At present, no one has a better formula than the tactic of maneuvering
somehow, in the hope of calmer times. Even managers with decades of
experience in South Africa shrug their shoulders helplessly when asked
about future developments. So far, none of the German enterprises active
in the Boer state think of retreat, or at least not in public. Ata
meeting last week of representatives of firms involved in South Africa at
the Federal Association of German Industry (BDI) in Cologne, the touchy
subject of divestment was taboo. The firms will hardly falter in this
attitude because of U.S. sanctions imposed by President Reagan last
weekend, particularly since Bonn continues to refrain from making specific
demands on industry.

The FRG, with more than DM 2 billion in direct investments, 283 branches
of German firms, and as the employer of almost 50,000 people, is the
third-largest foreign economic factor at the Cape, after the United States
and England. As such, it is under particularly critical observation in the
worldwide protest against apartheid. But apart from the United States,
where black organizations and the churches strongly push the government
into action, public pressure in the FRG so far has stayed within modest
limits. The small group of Protestant women which, year after year, adds a
little color to the general meeting of the Dresdner Bank, attracted hardly
any crowds this time, despite the topicality of the subject. In 1981, the
second-largest German financial institution lost its position as banker
of the World Council of Churches in Geneva because of its financial
relations with South Africa.

Even among the trade unions, advocates of strong sanctions or even a
total withdrawal of German industry have remained in the minority. But the
line between hardliners and pragmatists even cuts through the DGB board of
directors, as became clear at the last meeting of the European Trade Union
Association, when DGB chief Ernst Breit and IG Metall [Metalworkers Union]
chairman Hans Mayr, who is reserved on this question, got into a volatile
dispute.

The large individual trade unions, particularly the unions of the
chemical, paper, and ceramics workers in addition to the metalworkers,
prefer a quiet but all the more efficient reform strategy to spectacular
actions and resonant resolutions. In close cooperation with the works

121



Meanwhile, Mr. Simpson has disclosed that the school is to shortly undergo a
$100,000 renovation to expand its enrollment capacity.

He said $31,000 of the amount has already been realized from pledges made
last year by members of the school's foreign board in the United States.

The balance $69,000 will be generated by some 700 Penecostal Churches in the
U.S., he said.

19274
cso: 3400/262

40



JPRS+SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

STATE CLAIMS UDF ‘FRONT' FOR ANC ACTIVITIES

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Oct 85 p 8

[Text]

PIETERMARITZ-

BURG. — The birth
of the United Demo-
cratic Front was con-
sidered by the African
National Congress as
very important and it
had been stressed by

itself is a party to the con-
spiracy with the ‘revol- j
utionary . Alliance —~!
ANG, it is the case that
the UDF is used by the
ANC through the leaders
of the UDF for its own
purposes. ‘The UDF is,
therefore, used as a tool
or an invaluable weapon

the ANC that the UDF

should be guided’ by ) and all revolutionaries

that organisation ; were asked to throw all
8 ‘their weight behind the

(ANC), Mr Ge von
Pittius, SC, the Deputy
Attorney-General _ of
Natal, said in the Col-
lege Road Supreme
Court, Pietermaritz-
burg.

Mr Von Pittius was
leading State evidence be-
fore the Judge President
of Natal, Mr Justice John
Milne, and two assessors,
Mr Wellington Mtshali
and Mr Ishwarbhai Amin,
who are presiding over
the trial of 15 men and
one woman, all members
of the UDF or its asso-
ciates.

They are facing charges
of high treason, the Tero-
rism “Act and furthering
the aims of a banned or-*
ganisation.

Mr Von Pittius said: :

“Although the State,
therefore, does not allege
in this case that the UDF

82

UDF.”

, Mr Von Pittius said the

16, allegedly, during the
period 1980/1985, con-
spired to “create a cli-
mate of revolution to
overthrow the legitimate ;
government of South
Africa”.

Mr Ismael Mohammed,
SC, who is appearing for
the accused, told Mr Jus-
tice Milne that although
the 16 have pleaded not
guilty to the charges they
would say and they would
admit that they made
speeches in the period
1980 to 1985 in which they
attacked the policies of
the South African Gov-
ernment, in which they
attacked apartheid and
also expressed strong op-
position to their present
constitution which they
considered “unwise” and
“undesirable”. *



tion in Tanzania, where its. services were required in procuring spare parts.
The company is also carrying out inspection tours.

The Hydroplan Engineering Company mbH in Herdecke/Ruhr, became involved in an
energy project in Zaire, for which German capital aid was recently requested.
The request refers to the construction of a hydroelectric generating station
near Tshilomba with three turbine generator groups (each 850 kilowatts) and the
construction of a 22-kilometer long overhead line to Mwene-Ditu in the province
of Kasai, where a local grid is to be constructed. Total costs are estimated
at about DM 24 million.

As part of a sector-related program, the delivery of material for the energy
supply company Compagnie Energie Electrique du Togo (CEET) was financed with
the help of German capital. The company Dr Lackner & Partner in Bremen was
involved in drawing up the documents for bids. Interested companies can sub-
mit their bids until October 1985. Energieplan GmbH in Wiesbaden, as part of
a consortium in Ruanda, undetook to draw up a study and a design for the con-
struction of five high-tension lines.

Eisenbau Essen AG in Essen, as a member of a consortium in Nigeria, was com-
missioned to study the energy supply for a steel foundry. Consulectra Advisors
GmbH in Hamburg was awared a subcontract in Somali to train personnel in the
Gesira generating station. The Gesira steam generating station (15 megawatts)
was built by Brown, Boveri & Cie AG (BBC) in Mannheim and officially dedicated
at the end of April 1985. BBC also received the followon contract for the
second block of the generating station (also 15 megawatts). It is the first
steam generating station in the country, where previously there were only a
few diesel generating stations.

9581
csO: 3420/2



1986 Coffee Export Quota Fixed
(NEW LIBERIAN, 3 Oct 85) w.sceccceseccvccrcceesccerveeess

Briefs
Postal Minister Commissioned Army Major

MOZAMBIQUE

Production of Synthetic Liquid Fuels From Natural Gas
(Aage J. Alertsen; SADCC ENERGY, May-Jun 85) ..cccececeee

Thousands of Hectares of High Forests in Grave Danger
(Barry Munslow; SADCC ENERGY, May-Jun 85) ...ceccceeeees

NAMIBIA

RSA Tensions Affect Economies of Homelands and Nation
CFRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE, 25 Sep 85) ..sccsceccccccccesece

NIGERIA

Babangida's Strategies, Appointments, Problems Analyzed
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 1 Oct 85) ...

Babangida Explains Deployment of Military Personnel to Parastatals
(NEW NIGERIAN, 30 Sep 85) .ceccscercseccecccece

Recruitment Into Navy Still Lopsided
(Shehu Dauda; SUNDAY TRIUMPH, 29 Sep 85) ceececseeeveeeee

UPN Leader Calls for Ammesty for Self-Exiled Politicians
(Olu Ojewale; SUNDAY TRIUMPH, 29 Sep 85) ...cccceceeecees

Saudi Arabia To Deport 23,000 Nigerians
(Bako Mohammed; SUNDAY TRIUMPH, 6 Oct 85) .....

Position of Left on IMF, Revolution
(Ujudud Shariff; SUNDAY TRIUMPH, 6 Oct 85) ..

Editorial Calls for Selective Debt Payments, Rescheduling
(THE TRIUMPH, 4 Oct 85) ...+-.

Role of Foreign Companies Examined, Nationalization Called For
(Tunde Fatunde; SUNDAY TRIUMPH, 29 Sep 85) .ssceceesoeeee

Akinrinade Calls For Local Manufacturer of General Military Items
(Nkem Agetua; NEW NIGERIAN, 2 Oct 85) sscccsesceccesceece

New Commissioners. Appointed in Rivers State
(THE TRIUMPH, 7 Oct 85) .reseececceecccecevercrvcsceseees

41

42

43

46

52

54

59

60

61

62

64

66

67

70

71



He further lashed at Olara Otunu for condemning Museveni's National Resistance
Movement (NRM) demands as a pretext, yet he (Otunu) acknowledging NRM's six
reserved Cabinet seats. He stressed, that any agreement whatsoever struck by
deception has no lasting result for peace.

Okenyi went ahead to condemn the alleged expulsion of non-Baganda from Mukono
District. He urged Prime Minsiter Abraham Waligo to tell the public about his
findings on the issue.

He bitterly denounced Ugandans for Peace led by Professor William Swenteza

Kajubi and advised the movement to join NLP. According to Okenyi the movement
has the same objectives as his party's ‘Crusade for Peace and Development.

113104
cso: 3400/298

145



BELGIAN CONSUL GENERAL PROTESTS TREATMENT

JPRS*SSA*85*113

15 November 1985

LIBERIA

Monrovia FOOTPRINTS TODAY in English 10 Oct 85 pp 1, 3, 10

[Text]

The Consul _ Gene-
ral of Belgium in Li-
beria, Mr. Louis
Bauchau, has filed a
protest to the Fo-
reign Ministry in
Monrovia, for an
alleged mal-treatment
meted out to him by
some officers assig-
ned to the Special
Theft Court, who he
aid had gone to ar-
rest .,him on charges
of theft of service

amounting to
$45,845.75,

In his letter of
protest to the

Foreign Minister, da-
ted October 2, 1985,
a copy of which was
obtained by this pa-
per, he said “The
Consulaté General of
Belgium has the re-
gret to lodge an im-
mediate very strong
protest to the Minis-
try of Foreign Af-
fairs of the Republic
of Liberia, for the

trespassing of the.

Consulate office, the

. subsequent arrest of.

the Consul Gene-

ral by a Sergeant of
Police Force, badge.
number 74 and twd em-
ployees of the court
and the plaintiff,
beating. and dragging
of the Consul Gene-
ral, forcing him in
a taxi under extreme
pain for him, the in-
sults’ and obscene
words shouted to him
during the trip to
the jail, the search-
ing effected at the
jail."

Mr. Bauchau- who is
Managing Director of
Mezbau Liberia Inc.
in Monrovia, therefore
requested the Minis-
try of Foreign Af-
fairs to accept his
expression of high
consideration into
his complaints, and
noted that he has
also reported the
matter to the -Royal
Ambassador of Bel-
gium, in order to in-
form the Belgian Mi-
nistry of Foreign Af-
fairs of the "“ex-
tremely . harmful
treatment given to
the Consul ‘General.*

37

When our reporter
contacted the Chief
Judge of the Special
Theft Court, Mrs.
Marth K. Massoud,
yesterday, /she des-
ceribed the allegation
made by Mr. Bauchau
as “a mere fabrica-
tion geared toward
using his alleged
title as Consul Gene-
ral to evade the law
and bring disrepute
to the court."

Judge Massoud ex-
plained that follow-
ing complaints filed
by one Charles N.
Umehai against . Mr.
Bauchau at the <sourt,
, Several pre-trial
conferences were held
in chambers before
the three Theft Court
Judges, jat which time
Mr. Bauchau’ appeared
with his lawyers,
without disclosing
to the court that he
‘is a Consul Gene-
ral of Belgium.
~°She said after the
pre~trail conferences
between the two par-
ties which ended in



JPRS*SSA+85=113
15 November 1985

ZIMBABWE

EXTENT OF NATION'S COAL DEPOSITS NEARLY 30 BILLION

Luanda SADCC ENERGY in English May-Jul 85 pp 62-63

[Article by Richard Hosier]

[Text]

It is well-known that Zimbabwe's coal
reserves are quite extensive. Given the lar-
ge quantity of indigenous coal reserves,
Zimbabwe would do well to substitute
coal for oil wherever it is technically feasi-
ble and economically sensible to do so.
The figures in Table I show that Zimbab-
we possesses ample coal reserves for mille-
nia given current consumption levels of 3
million tons per year.

II. Roughly fifty percent of the coal pro-
duced in Zimbabwe is steam coal and ano-
ther forty percent is used for coke produc-
tion.

The remaining ten percent is discarded
or otherwise lost at the point of extraction.
Roughly one third of the coal produced in

Zimbabwe comes from deep pit mines and
the remainder is produce via open pit or
strip mines. Only the bottom section of
the coal seam is mined, the remainder is

TABLE | either left untouched or is deposited with
[COAL RESOURCES AND RESERVES the overburden, at which point it self-
combusts. The Wankie thermal generating
Resources | Reverves | lal Coat plant is designed to make use of this coal

Aree | (408 Tonnesi|i10® Tonnes)! 6 Tonnes) which would otherwise go to waste.
The last two rows in Table II give the

Zambezi i i
ee 26.529 2,001 28530 annual growth rates in the production of
ISabi-Limpope each category mentioned. While the pro-
Basin 7 193 on duction of steam coal has decreased over

TOTAL 27,006 2194 29,202 .
the past two decades, the production of

(Source: IBRD, 1982)

Although the figures in Table I are
rough estimates, they do indicate the ex-
tent of Zimbabwe’s coal deposits — nearly
30 thousand million tones. Of this enor-

coking coal has increased due mainly to
increased production on the part of the
iron and steel industry. The decrease in
the demand for steam coal can be traced

TABLE II

mous potential, there is only one area cur- ;
rently being mined in the Zambeza basin. COAL EXPORTS 1980 (’000 tonnes)
This operation at Hwange (Wankie) is run Country of Steam Coking Toul
by the Wankie Colliery Company, Ltd. Coat Coal Cost
and accounts for Zimbabwe’s annual pro- Botswana z 2
ve Malawi =
duction of 3.2 million tons per annum. Mozambique 9 9
The production of steam coal and’cok- | Souim Atries - 175 175
ing coal for 1980 are summarized in Table | Zemoia i e “
TOTAL 2 27 29
156



These assembly plants are used to assembly machines produced by same companies
in Western Europe, America and Japan.

Those foreign companies are in Nigeria, in order to make use of our raw mater-
dials and our manpower to develop Europe, America and Japan. Also, the pro-
fits these companies make are repartriated to these countries.

For example, below are the profits made by some of these companies:

Source: Clarion Official Organ of Academic Staff Union of Universities ASUU,
Vol. 1, No. 2; June, 1985. Page 5.

Any economy must serve the basic interests of the people of that country. What
are the basic interests of our people? Nigerians want full employment in or-
der to eat adequately, wear proper and decent dresses, live in decent homes
where there is constant water supply and regular electricity, send their child-
ren to school, get proper medical care and have the opportunity to travel
around Nigeria in order to understand each other's culture.

Unfortunately, for the past twenty-five years, these dreams of a good life by
all Nigerians are still not satisfied. Brigadier Sanni Abach's speech quoted
below sums up our history since October 1, 1960.

"Fellow countrymen and women, I Brigadier Sani Abacha of the Nigerian Armed
Forces, address you this morning on behalf of the Nigerian Armed Forces.

--You are all living witnesses to the grave economic predicament and uncertainty
which an inept and corrupt leadership has imposed on our beloved nation for the
past four years.

--I am referring to the harsh, intolerable condition under which we are now
living. Our economy has been hopelessly mismanaged. We have become a debtor
and begger nation.

--There is inadequacy of food at reasonable prices for our people, who are fed
up with endless announcements of importation of food stuffs.

--Health services are in shambles as our hospitals are reduced to mere consult-
ing clinics without drugs, water and equipment.

--Our educational system is deteriorating at alarming rate. Unemployment fig-
ures including the graduates have reached embarassing and unacceptable propor-
tion.

--In some states, workers are being owed salary arrears of eight to 12 months.
In others, there are threats of salary cuts. Yet our leaders revelled in
squandermania, corruption and indiscipline continued to proliferate public ap-
pointments in complete disregard of our stark economic reality.

The next question is: What is to be done?

68



kilo; e of fice which
sold for 150 is now sell-
ing for 8400.

¢ situation is likely
to continue because “the
middlemen buying the

100-kg bag from the
Nigeria National Supply
Co’pany (NNSC) at §5'
per bag are now taking
advantage of the
announcement to raise
the price.

At the Apapa office of
ge Nigeria Ciational
uy mpany
(NSC), a combined
team of the police and
army security officers
was forcing out market
women who had rushed
to the premises of the
company to make last
minute purchases,

Pressmen who had vi-
sited the premises, on
seeing officials of the
company, were also
forced out. “We cannot
let you in because the
new board is still meet-
ing”, security officers
said.

The Secretary General
of PAN (Lagos Branch),
Dr. Bayo Olufunwa, said
that the government
should act quickly be-
cause November and De-
cember, were
approaching when the
year’s second harvest of
the commodity was ex-
pected, |

This year alone, said
Dr. Olufunwa, it was
projected that feedmills

CSO: 3400/230

would need about
965,000 tonnes of maize.

Out of this, only
386,000 tonnes would be.
produced locally while
next year 1,055,000 ton-
nes Was Projected as
Nigeria’s total require-
ment out of which
666,000 tonnes would be
poncrated at the local
level.

He said that local pro-
duction could not reach
this target but “it is ex-
pected that maize pro-
duction will increase
when people have none
to import.”

Reports from Enugu
indicate a similar trend as
a 100-kilogramme bag of
rice which the Anambra
Supply and Distribution
Agency (ASSDA)
formerly sold at 881 now
sells between $210 and
4220 in the markets.
Prices of maize and the
Canada Best Milk have
reportedly also risen.

77



a50071
| JPRS-SSA-85-113
15 November 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report.

FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE —

| REPRODUCED By he

| NATIONAL TECHNICAL

| INFORMATION SERVICE

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
SPRINGFIELD, VA.” 2216]



NRP REELING FROM EFFECTS OF DEFECTIONS TO NP

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN

DURBAN. The
New Republic Party
was still reeling from
the effects of the defec-
tion last year by three’
of its MPs to the ruling |
National Party, Mr!
Derrick Watterson, ;
the NRP’s Natal leader
and MP for Umbilo,
said at the party's]
provincial congress at
the Westville Civic
Centre at the week-
end.

The defection did
“enormous damage” to
the morale and confi-’
dence of many party
members, he said, add-i
ing: “I regret that much
of that morale and confi-
dence has yet to be restor-
ed.”

One of the ‘“defec-
tors”, Mr Ron Miller, its
previous provincial lead
er, is now Deputy Minis-
ter of Foreign Affairs.

Mr Watterson accused ;
the three former mem-«
bers of intending to “hi-|
jack” the NRP for the
National Party, saying it
had subsequently become
clear they had made their
arrangements to join the

NP long before the NRP's
1984 congress. |

Mr Watterson said that
although many would
mourn the dissolution of
the provincial council
next March under the

[Text]

cso: 3400/250

in English 21 Oct

new dispensation, “for we
Natalians it will be the sad
end of a great era”.

Change

Throughout the whole
period of nationalists rule
in South Africa, Natal
was the one province that
retained at least “some
residual freedom”, that
spearheaded change and
that maintained the best,
possible inter-group re-/
lations.

“We have done a good:
job here in Natal, and we!
must carry on the fight to
‘ensure that South Africa
‘once again becomes a
happy land, but this time,
for all its peoples,” he’
said. , 1

Political rights for all,
and a common loyalty to:
South Africa were essen-
tial ingredients for peace
and stability to be re-

gained, Mr Vause Raw,
MP for Point, told the
congress.

He said those were the
“buzzwords” of the NRP
and its predecessors, the
United and South African
Parties, and that was why,
the NRP was still an “es-
sential element” of a se~

cure future,
When this was
achieved, _revolution

would “fall to bits”, he
said.

And Chief Mangosu-
thu Buthelezi appealed,
in a message read at the

85 p 12

congress, to the Govern-
ment to pend the aboli-
tion of the provincial
council system and the in-
troduction of regional ser-
vices councils.

He called on the NRP
to give the recommenda-
tions of the Buthelezi
Commission the closest
possible scrutiny.

Ideology

The KwaZulu Chief
Minister. and Inkatha
leader pointed out that
the recommendations did
not reflect an alien Black
ideology and were not
made by KwaZulu or Ink-
atha, but by South Afri-
cans of all races who held
eminent positions inside
and outside the province
and who were under the
chairmanship of Prof D
Schreiner. ;

He said Blacks and
Whites were so interwo-
ven and mutually depen-
dent in Natal’s economic
field that it would never
have been possible for
any National Party gov-
ernment to impose Ver-
woerdian blueprints on it.

The Black-White re-
lationship in this region
could more easily _be
translated into political
interdependence than
anywhere else in the
country. 7

Chief Buthelezi said
there was évery prospect
of successful negotiations
taking place between

103

JPRS*SSA+85°113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Black and White within
the existing structures of
KwaZulu, the province
and focal authorities.

“1 really do believe
that a combined voice

from Blacks and Whites
‘in KwaZulu/Natal, calling
for compromise solutions
‘in thought-out and mu-
tually acceptable forms of
first and second tier gov-
ernment, will be heeded
by Pretoria,” he said.

The South African
Government did not
know where to go from
here.

“We ate the people
who have to find each
other . . . and if we come
together and lay before
the South African Gov-
ernment plans of action
which are realistic, and
which move towards
achievable goals, it will
heed what we say.” —
Sapa.

Report by N Bissotby, Weslgard House,
Sait bun



Zieler: Onesidedness is quite noticeable in public opinion abroad and in
the media. I am not against criticism being directed against apartheid.
But criticism is not directed against those who make no constructive
contributions. Why doesn't someone say quite clearly to the militant
liberation movement, the African National Congress, that the Western world
does not hold with subversive, revolutionary tactics, because otherwise a
dialogue with the present government is unthinkable?

Schumacher: A leading German industry representative like yourself, what
chances do you see for a peaceful solution in South Africa?

Zieler: I am not a clairvoyant. But: the gross national product in South
Africa per capita is only one-fifth of what we have in Germany. At the
moment when political rights are given to the Blacks, one awakens
justified hopes for an apportionment of appropriate shares of the GNP
among a population majority which has felt itself disadvantaged for many
years. This can only be done through enormous increases--which is unlikely
on the basis of the educational level of the black population--, or
through redistribution. This will make those poorer who are the supporting
pillars of industry. Many will emigrate then.

Schumacher: Even now, Whites are emigrating because of the uncertain
political and economic future.

Zieler: It doesn't matter which adherents of what political ideology
emigrate; it weakens the economy. The mines, the backbone of the economy,
cannot do without capable Whites.

Schumacher: And what about capable Blacks?

Zieler: In our training program for apprentices we have 30 percent Blacks
and 70 percent Whites. That is a disappointingly small number of Blacks.
The reason: we do not get enough black applicants with sufficient
education.

Schumacher: Under apartheid, Blacks only get a second-rate education.

Zieler: Exactly. But whoever considers political equality must be aware
that he automatically provokes the natural and undeniable wish of Blacks
for economic equality. At present, only 0.7 percent of all Blacks have
completed high school or better. It is 47 percent among Whites. So it
cannot be expected that Blacks make the same contribution to the GNP.

Schumacher: Does Siemens do anything special for Blacks?
Zieler: Our 30 percent share of black apprentices compares with statistics
of 6.5 percent in all other training enterprises in South Africa. We are

proud of that. Our wages are considerably higher than usual in industry,
and we are extremely progressive in social insurance benefits.

126



JPRS +SSA-854113
15 November 198

ZIMBABWE

CENTER TO ASSIST RURAL TECHNOLOGY
Bulaweyo THE CHRONICLE in English 10 Oct 85 p 6

[Text] The University of Zimbabwe yesterday launched a development technology
centre to asist with the design and manufacture of technology appropriate to
needs of rural people.

The centre, established with assistance from UNESCO, was officially launched
at a seminar at the campus at which the Vice-Chancellor, Professor Walter
Kamba, said the DTC would address itself to providing more of the necessary
and essential technologies for people at the grassroots.

These technologies should provide for the people's basic needs, like housing,
food, water, sanitation, income generation and transport, to help them improve
their standard of living, he said.

The university had formed a committee to determine how the centre could be
established end a report it compiled was presented to the Senate and was
accepted in principle.

institution offering a technical inquiry service, a
utre and assistance with research, development and the promotion of
2-range of small~scale technologies," said Prof Kamba.

{13104
C80: 3400/2956

154



ETHIOPIA

Legesse Urges Revolutionary Forces To Intensify Struggle
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 6 Oct 85) ..sceccescucecevccvvees

Ethiopia, Bulgaria Sign Protocol Agreement
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 6 Oct 85) .sscececcevavcscercevees

National Accounts Data-Base Development Discussed
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 1 Oct 85) cecsececcececcrceeterces

Eritrea Peasants Promote Development Projects
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 2 Oct 85) sessecssesceecesccaecves

Abomssa Water. Supply Project Becomes Operational
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 3 Oct 85) .ecccceneccceccccveseres

Edeget Besira Pilot Industrial Project Inaugurated
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 13 Oct 85) ..cceccsecccevceccusees

GABON
Briefs
Relations With France
GHANA
Politics Behind Evacuation From Ivory Coast Discussed
(Ben Mensah; TALKING DRUMS, 7 Oct 85) secececeececcercecs
LIBERIA

Doe Assures Civil Servants of Salary Arrears
(NEW LIBERIAN, 10 Oct 85) ..scccccccccccccccscececccvcnce

Sierra Leone Disassociates Itself From Interference
(NEW LIBERIAN, 10 Oct 85) seccevccseccecvcncceeccceeceees

SECOM, Parties Agree on Election Monitoring Procedure
(FOOTPRINTS TODAY, 11 Oct 85) cccsssseccccecccceeesceseee

SECOM Rules Soldiers in Uniform Will Be Denied Vote
(FOOTPRINTS TODAY, 11 Oct. 85) ceccccccccccccccscvsceceees

UP, LAP Candidates Ask for Protection
(FOOTPRINTS TODAY, 7 Oct 85) ..

Belgian Consul General Protests Treatment
(FOOTPRINTS TODAY, 10 Oct 85) .

Profit Repatriation Blamed for Economic Problems
(J. .N. Elliott; NEW LIBERIAN, 8 Oct 85) .

-b-

19

21

22

23

24

26

27

28

30

31

32

34

35

37

39



FAMINE STALKS POPULATION IN REMOTE REGIONS OF LEBOWA HOMELAND

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 13 Oct 85 pp 4-5

{Article by Jeremy Brooks]

[Text]

there every 15

Kagiso (“Building
old, His body,
with tiny, sharply defined

mont!

in a hospital crib.

“A CHILD is dying of hunger out:
minutes.

Together” is three
a

ag of skin filled
nes, lies flat

He looks like a néwly-hatched fledglin,
bird — naked, vulnerable, and on the point.

death.

Kagivo ts in the ad-
vanced stages of malnu-
trition, He has been
starving for three
months. His mother,
malnourished like 15
percent of the popula-
ion in which ste lives,
has been unable to
breast-feed him.

Kagiso and his moth-
er are the hidden vic-
tims of the drought and
the economic ion.

Poverty
Hidden because they
live in the backwoods of
a South African home-
land, Lebowa, far from
newspapers, visito

and generally inaccessi-

ble to health workers.
Operation Hunger di-

rector Mrs Ina Perlman j

estimates that for every
black man retrenched
from work in a city fac-
tory or mine, there are
nine people back home
who find themselves in
abject, bitter, crippling
poverty, without food.

Around Kagiso, in the -

children’s ward at the
Anglican mission hospi-
tal, Jane Furse in Sek-
hukuneland, there are
other toddlers also in
the advanced stages of
“kwashtorkor”.

‘The term means “red boy”
in the Gar language of the
African West Coast. And it’s
easy to see why — tufts of
sparse, reddish-brown hair |

istinguish each child. :

Swollen joints, distended
bellies, flaking layers of skin,
thin drawn faces and haun|
eyes portray a world so ut-
terly different, so miserable,
that it doesn’t bear ‘talking

about.

Visiting them were leading
figures in South Africa’s food.
manufacturing and retail in-
dustries, all major support- .
ers of Operation Hunger,
which arranged the tour:

@ Mervyn King, Operation
Hunger chairman and execu- '
tive director of Kirsh Indus- |
tries. :

@ Johnny Frankel,

feist
managing director of Tiger’

‘Oats and deputy chairman of.
the Operation Hunger board

of trustees,
@ Peter Wrighton, chair-

man of Premier Food Indus-.
tries and deputy chairman of |
the Premier Group. i
@ Wendy Ackerman, direc-!
tor of Pick 'n Pay and chair-
man Raymond Ackerman’s

wife.
@ Gordon Hood, managing
director of OK Bazaars. .

104

@ Ralph Horwitz, a direc-
tor of OK Bazaars.

With them was the Amerl-
can ambassador to South
Africa, Mr Herman Nickel.

As the day wore on, the
faces of the party, flown up
that morning from Johannes-
burg, grew more drawn.

Diminutive Mrs Perlman,
the remarkable woman be-
hind Operation Hunger,:
chain-smoking and talking:

constantly, gave them not a
moment’s peace as she took
them into huts, clinics,
schools, onto fields and into
hospital wards.

She never stopped. And a
hard-headed, pragmatic par-
ty which arrived slightly
sceptical, left thoughtful and
-worried,

“Stellenbosch research
scientist Dr Tanya Vergnani

| Says that 2,9-million children
‘under 15 in South Africa are
showing visible signs of mal-
nutrition.

This is the country’s youn;
generation — the men and
women who 10 years from
now will take their place in
society. And right now they
are suffering the permanent
effects of mental and phys-
ical retardation.

Fifty-five Percent of
deaths in the black communi-
ties, and 45 percent in the
coloured communities are.
children under five years old,
Most of these deaths stem
directly or indirectly from
inadequate nutrition,

“There is a child dying of
hunger every 15 minutes in
this country,” says Mrs Perl-
man,“and R25 would enable
us to keep him alive, fit and

JPRS“SSA+85+113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



women in more productive work with the time spared from fetching water from a
long distance. Skill development and income-generating activities have been
singled out as vehicles for expediting socio-economic endeavours.

The report indicated that the success of the Abomssa project has demonstrated
that what has been accomplished there could be done elsewhere in the country,
provided there is the initiative and the urge to improve one's way of life.

The report addec further that a process of this type calls for a continuous,
co-ordinated effort between the local administration, REWA and ARDU as well.
The report underlined the fact that water being the source of all life, could
be rightly considered a basic resource in bringing about discernible socio-
economic and cultural transformation within a community.

CsO: 3400/245

25



JPRS*SSA~85*113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

WITNESS DESCRIBES ANC FARMING, ENGINEERING CAMPS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Oct 85 p 4

[Text]

A former militant mem-
ber of the banned African
National Congress yester-
day told the Johannes-
burg Regional Court that
the ANC ran refresher
camps,. had an agricul-
tural project and their
own “security force.”

This was evidence at
the trial of alleged ANC
camp commander Mr Si-
pho Bunda (33) of Rock-
ville, Soweto.

He has pleaded not
guilty to two charges, par-
ticipatine i °

July 1982, and being in-
volved in terrorism be-
tween July 1982 and 1984.
It is alleged that during
this period he tried to in-
fluence certain people
and his actions were also
aimed at bringing about
violent change in South
Africa. .

It is alleged that at the’
time of his arrest he was
found in possession of 31°
rounds of AK-47 ammu-
nition of Russian origin. *

Yesterday the evidence
of the trained terrorist
was taken behind closed
doors. However, the
Press were granted per-
mission to publish evi-
dence but not the wit-
ness’s name.

84

He said that he had
been involved in the
struggle at the time of Mr
Jan Smith, but when Mr
Robert Mugabe took over
they left the country and
he visited various ANC
camps.

The camps were in two
sections, military and
otherwise. There were
engineering project
camps, agricultural pro-
ject. camps, farming
camps, refugee camps,
transit camps, camps for
crash courses and refresh-
er courses.

During 1984 he had at-
tended a refresher course
in military tactics lasting
three months at a camp in
Angola.

He said the ANC had a
military structure. There
were regional units such
as the ‘regional depait-
ment of personnel and
training. There was a

' chief-of-staff, command-

ers, commissars and con-
venors, and many others
“before the rank-and-
file”.

During cross-examina- :
tion by defence counsel
Mr T Beckerling the wit-
ness said he had never
heard of a renegade ANC
commander. Démoted
commanders were given



IPRS*SSA=854113
15 November 1985

NIGERIA

HIGH TECH POLYPROPYLENE COMPANY OPENS

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 30 Sep 85 p 2

[Text]

cso:

THE Polyfibre Company
Limited, Kaduna, a joint ven-
ture of the Kaduna Investment
Company Ltd (KICL), John
Holt Investments, Sheba in-
ternational Ltd., Maikoko
Brothers and Sons Ltd., and
Dekon of the United Kingdom
will ‘start its commissioning
and acceptance trial of
machinery this week.

The Polyfibre, initiated by
the Kaduna government
(which has the highest share),
in conjunction with John Holt,,
is according to its General

The second phase which
will take off early next year
has to do with spinning of

‘polypropylene fibre into fine

yarn which will be directed at
the car industry which now
imports most of such pro-
ducts. The carpet and foam in-
dustry will enjoy from this as
well. The General Manager is
optimistic that expansion pro-
gramme will follow almost
immediately with the applica-
tion for import licence having

been submitted. This will dou-

General Manager feels will br-
ing stability on the industrial
scene.

On the provision of safety
devices in the plant which
many people say are always
lacking in third world tirms,
Mr. Dent, the Marketing
Manager and Mr. Rusling are
agreed that the company is a
low risk one since it has few
moving parts. However, since
industrial hazards can’t be
ruled out completely, provi-
sions are made for first aid
attention and the place is

. ble the capacity of production i ij
Manager, Mr. Mike C. Rustl or the two phases. Sophisticated "fire alent
ing the first Polypropylene “according to Mr. Rusling system
fibre extrusion rut high who has been encouragingand = ~“The “administration Ma-
country. 0 developing industrialisation in nager, Alhaji Kasim Musa
quality and very fine fibre pro- n 2 u

duct that ultimately requires
high technology as against
some already existing fibrer
producing companies in the
county.

the country for the past two
and half decades, starting
first with Turner Newall Ltd,
both in Enugu and Kaduna,
Nigeria stands to gain from

Khaladu, confirmed that
preparation for recruitment
of high quality personnel to
handle the sophisticated
machineries is underway. He

. . this brand new technology jigs hay it Kadi
According to Mr. Rusling.. which is high tech. based in huge poy na of such nas a
the project will develop in two more than one way. nel, being endowned with

phases. The first phase, which
its commissioning trial takes
place this week is the extru-
sion of man _ made.
Polypropylene fibre which
will begin to acquire about 95

percent of its raw material
fpolymer granule) from
Warri’s NNPC as soon as its
petro-chemical plant is ready.

The finished product will be
used in the blanket, carpet and
knit-wear and the textile
manufacturing industries. It
is totally import substitute.

3400/231

For example, since it is the
governments. intention to en-
courage petro-chemical based
industries, the General
Manager is proud that his
company has shown the way
for others to follow, as it is one
of the first petro-chemical
pased industries in the coun-

It will also make half fro-
cessed raw material readily
available to other industries
around since the venture is
import substituting. This the

79

many textile industries,



the wealth the country possesses require greater strength as a guarantee of
liberty and tranquility--a contribution by all citizens to the task of
defense.

Later on, the chief of the general staff of the FAPLA stressed the fact that
generalized popular defense is a system capable of guaranteeing the political,
military, economic and cultural defense of the nation, on the basis of the
effective efforts of all.

This leader stated at a certain point that the history of the Angolan people
is full of examples of resistance and heroism, dating back to our
predecessors, such as N'gola Kiluanje, Nzinga, M'bandi, Ekuikui, Mandume and
so many others, who found ever better forms of struggle, led by their
revolutionary vanguard, the MPLA-Labor Party.

Thus, he said, as a result of the implementation of the watchword calling for
"generalization of the armed struggle throughout the country," which was
carried out at the end of the 1960s all along the eastern front, there was a
qualitative leap forward, since the MPLA began to control liberated zones
where the people were organized on a revolutionary basis, with a view to the
expansion of these areas and to dealing harsh blows to the fascist colonial
army.

In discussing the critical situation into which the country was plunged by the
resurgence of enemy actions designed to destroy stability, this member of the
political bureau said that the staffing and the placement of weapons in the
hands of the working people constituted the indispensable condition for
carrying the struggle against the enemies of the Angolan revolution forward.
This also led to the establishment of self-defense committees, which were many
times called upon to participate in military operations, which ended in
success.

Before concluding his address, this leader said that with the conversion of
the ODP into the People's Defense and Territorial Troops Organization Office
as yet another branch of the armed forces, new prospects of struggle against
all of those attempting to hinder the invincible advance of the Angolan
revolution open up. In conclusion, the speaker appealed to all of the people
to continue in the defense of the gains achieved, since the enemies of the
choice we have made will not be idle, and will attempt to throttle the
aspirations of a free and independent people at all costs.

Promotion of Officers

At the conclusion of the ceremony, several FAPLA officers were promoted to the
rank of captain. They in turn pledged to carry out the missions entrusted to
them in the future zealously, for the benefit of the fatherland and the
revolution.

5157
CSO: 3442/5



this sector will grow substantially. If both
the proposed aluminium smelter and iron
and steel industry begin production, then
electricity consumption in industry will be
twice what it would be otherwise in the
year 2000. This only serves to emphasise
the importance of co-ordinating energy
planning closely with economic planning
in general. At present manufacturing only
accounts for around 10 per cent of GDP,
but as its share grows, which it undoubt-
edly will, industry’s share of energy con-
sumption must increase accordingly.
Much of the machinery in industry is
old and therefore operates inefficiently
and is costly on energy. The eventual pur-
chase of new equipment could reduce

energy costs significantly. The three Possi-
ble national sources of energy to fuel the
Proposed industrial expansion are coal,
hydroelectricity from Cahora Bassa and
natural gas. It is too early as yet to make
any specific predictions about future in-
dustrial demand for energy. Many diffe-
rent possibilities exist. Certain Processing

industries that Mozambique intends to de-
velop energy-intensive, such as metal pro-
cessing, fertilizer and chemical produc-
tion. Our initial estimates are that total in-
dustrial energy consumption will increase
74 per cent by the year 2000.

‘WOOD SUPPLY

Certain parts of the country are well en-
dowed with fuelwood resources, contrast-
ing markedly with those areas where the
supply is nowhere sufficient to meet de-
mand. Table 8 gives a breakdown of the
situation in every province, providing an
assessment of the existing wood needs and
the available supply. The situation is then
characterised on a scale from Satisfactory
to less satisfactory, deficit foreseen, scar-
city and crisis. In six out of the ten provin-
ces the wood supply situation is not satis-
factory and in three of these cases — Zam-
bezia, Tete and Maputo — there is a shor-
tage. Clearly a serious problem exists.

Within each province there are clearly
going to be great differences from district
to district. In Tete Province, for example,
Angonia district is particularly badly hit
because of over-grazing, intensive farming
and the relatively high population density.

People grow eucalyptus for their own use
as well as for sale. Some have hundreds of
trees and a metre of wood may fetch a pri-
ce of 600 meticais.

In Maputo Province, the price of fuel-
wood and charcoal has doubled in the ca-
pital from 150 meticais for a sack of char-
coal in 1979 to 350 meticais in 1982. The
black market price may even be higher and
in one of the inner city suburbs of Mapu-
to, Malhangene, an informal survey disco-
vered an asking price of 550 meticais for a
sack of charcoal. A bundle of wood simi-
larly had doubled in price over the three
years to 125 meticais for one sack.

Everyday, trains loaded with firewood
and charcoal arrive at the Maputo airport
railway station. People travel huge distan-
ces to bring and sell this essential domestic
energy resource in the capital city. Many
Private traders also bring in the city’s
supply, in lorries and pick-up trucks. A si-
milar pattern is repeated in other cities and
major towns within the country as in
Nampula and Nacaia.

Even within a province whose general
fuelwood situation may be designated sa-
tisfactory, a severe crisis may still exist
around the urban centres, as is the case
with Beira in Sofala Province. As we saw
in the previous section, the urban area’
consume both charcoal and timber with
the former in particular being very demand-
ing on wood supply.

Estimates at the end of the 1970's

(FAO, 1979) suggested that with a Ppopula-
tion of 360,000 in Beira, (with six persons
per family, then 60,000 families) one-third
(20,000 families = 120,000 peoples) were
served by the gas company and the remai-
ning 40,000 families (240,000 people) used
charcoal. If each family used 2 kg/day
then the total demand for the city was
29,200 tons annually. In fact, in the year
1981/82 there was virtually no bottled gas
in Beira al all, hence consumption on the
above figures should have been 43,800
tons of charcoal annually. The forests of
the nearby Dondo district. were rapidly
being depleted as many people began ta-
king up full-time charcoal Production to
meet the increased demand of Beira.
Charcoal burning and tree-felling was car-
nied out in an ad hoc and indiscriminate
fashion. Given the actions of South

49



JPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ECONOMIST CHALLENGES TREURNICHT'S VIEWS ON ENDING UNREST

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 9 Oct 85 p 6

[Commentary by Dr R.W. Bethlehem]

[Text]

statements, Conservative Party

leader Dr Andries Treurnicht

made two points about policy
(relating respectively to an ending
of the present social unrest in the
country, and to partition) which
need to be challenged formally.

Beneath their immediate attrac-
tion for individuals of a particular
constituency, they can be shown to be :
both short-sighted and dangerous.

Regarding the unrest situation, +
Treurnicht’s call was for a greater
use of force. It was wrong, he said, to
apply First World methods in main-°
taining law and order when faced

I: A number of recent public

Foreign investors are concerned
about the safety of their money, but
they are also concerned morally
about what is happening in SA. They
do not need to invest here if this
makes them feel uncomfortable and
they certainly do not want to invest
here if the policies we pursue escalate
the dangers of civil conflict or revolu-
ion.

T.. issues of morality and security -
are intricately bound up with one an-
other. A “Blood River” policy in pre-
sent circumstances could provoke an
international response so negative to

with Third world, Violence Ip ihe ; Sa that it would sk the ver colla se
. e economy — as I 5; out in
rubber bullets should be replaced by yesterday's atticle. It Fyould. also,

the use of sharp weapons.

very, likely, so add to’ the embitter-
er

In short; kill more people and the © ment of intergroup feeling as to make
unrest will quickly end. Such a show * any negotiated — and, ultimately,
of force would be a sufficient demon- aceful — solution of domestic poli-

stration of the white commitment to.”
power.

What credibility the hypothesis has
lies in its basic assumption that .
foreign investors in deciding to with-
draw their funds are really most con- .:
cerned, despite all rhetoric, with the «
security of SA. This has plausibility *
only to a point, because it ignores the:
existence of other motivations which
work in an opposite direction.

91

tical problems in SA quite impossible.

The snowball of irritation and im-
tience at our repeated diplomatic
-|neptitude and our reluctance to ad-
“dress fundamental political issues is
rolling, and has already gathered
alarming proportions. South Africans
travelling abroad can no longer rely,
even in traditionally conservative



JPRS+SSA+85°113
15 November 1985

NIGERIA

AKINRINADE CALLS FOR LOCAL MANUFACTURER OF GENERAL MILITARY ITEMS
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 2 Oct 85 p 3

[Article by Nkem Agetua]

[Text] | GENERAL Akinrinade, a one- would help the country to chart
time Chief of Defence Staff, the future.
pointed out that those military He said that the Silver Jubilee
items that-have general value to celebration was a period of reflec-
the population, such as boots, tions to measure the country’s
mess tins, uniforms and rifles, achievements and failures.
bayonets, grenades, mortars and
anti-tank rockets, which belon
to the first line of defence should
be manufactured locally.
He said that ‘the defence in--
dustries ought to, by the process
of subsidy, encouragement and
the like persuade the totality of
industry to move in that direc-
tion,” pointing out that “defence
based on vagaries of interna-
tional politics is not reliable.""
Professor Adebayo Adedeji, ex-
ecutive secretary of the
Economic Commission for Africa
has said that no progress could be
made in the country unless the-
people were willing to assume the
main burden of development ef-
fort.
Professor Adedeji, who is also
a United. Nations Under
Secretary-General made this
remark while speaking at a syin-
posium at the weekend on
“Reflections on the development
of Nigeria in 1960-85" organised
by the Federal Government as
part of activities to mark the
Silver Jubilee of independence.
In his closing remarks, the
Chief of General Staff. Com-
modore Ebitu Ukiwe, who was the
guest of honour said that the con-
tributions of the six panelists

cso: 3400/231

70



JPRS“SSA*85+113
15 November 1985

LIBEKLA

SIERRA LEONE DISASSOCIATES TTSELF FROM INTERFERENCE
Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 10 Oct 85 p 3

[Rext] The government of Sierra Leone has disassociated itself from any
interference in Liberia's electoral process by Sierra Leoneans.

The government was reacting to allegations that some of its citizens who are
said to be members of the Task Force of the National Democratic Party of
Liberia were harassing citizens and supporters of the Liberia Action Party
and the Unity Party.

A release from the Sierra Leonean Embassy here said the "Government of Sierra
Leone wishes to make it abundantly clear that it is not a party to these
activities".

It said "in view of the longstanding friendship between Liberia and Sierra
Leone, internationally recognized principles of non-interference in the internal

affairs of other states, the Sierra Leonean Government will like to disasso-
ciate itself any such activities."

/12851
cso: 3400/263

31



JPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

PRODUCTION OF SYNTHETIC LIQUID FUELS FROM NATURAL GAS
Luanda SADCC ENERGY in English May-Jun 85 pp 33-34
[Article by Aage J. Alertsen]

[Text] i There are several possibilities for conversion of natural gas into synthetic li-
quid fuels. One of these is the production of methanol, which could be gradually
substituted for gasoline in the whole of Southern Africa — and possibly also for
diesel fuel — much in the same way as ethanol in the National Alcohol Program
in Brazil. In addition, methanol could be exported as such or developed into mo-

re valuable downstream products. Alternative possibilities are production of ga-
soline and diesel fuel, which should also be evaluated before a final decision is

made.

In some SADCC countries the search
for oil and gas has been going on for quite
some time. So far, Angola is the only
SADCC country producing oil. For va-
rions reasons the other SADCC countries
are not presently buying Angolan crude to
a significant extent, even if the Angolan
crude production is three times the total
SADCC demand of 3-4 million.tonnes per
year of petroleum products.

However, in East Africa, two SADCC
countries have already discovered signifi-
cant reserves of natural gas, both onshore
and offshore. In Tanzania more than
100Gm3 of gas now seem to be proven,
and her first industrial gas development
project has already come a long way in the
planning process (1). The Kilamco fertili-
zer project will utilize about 400 million
m? annually of Songo-Songo gas for a
yearly production of 450,000 tonnes of
ammonia, the bulk of which will be fur-
ther upgraded into 580,000 tonnes of urea.
95% of the production will be for export,
earning for Tanzania US$ 175-200 million
a year, depending on world fertilizer pri-
ces. Kilamco’s production will be more

than sufficient to cover the whole SADCC
urea demand for quite some time, in fact a
significant portion is aimed for overseas
markets in the Far East.

With the Tanzanian ammonia-urea fer-
tilizer project close to realization, the next
strategic gas utilization project in the east-
ern SADCC area would seem to be a
transportation fuels project.

Even if not so successful as its northern
neighbour, Mozambique has also discov-
ered natural gas resources, which it is an-
xious to develop. In the north, the Rovu-
ma basin seems to be promising. In the
south, the Pande field is believed to con-
tain about 20-30 Gm3 proven reserves on-
shore, and additional reserves are possi-
ble.

In Mozambique, apparently, there is
not yet a large enough gas market deve-
loped to exploit the gas economically.
Therefore, gas would either have to be ex-
ported as such, or developed into other
energy products for which there are mar-
kets in the country itself, in the other
SADCC countries and abroad. In the
energy sector there are several products in

43



BLACK PUPILS' DILEMMA VIEWED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 9 Oct 85 p 4

JPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

[Article by Themba Molefe in Focus column]
n two weeks thou-,
sands of matric;

[Text] [
candidates will be:

expected. to sit for;
their final examina-:
tions, a daunting posi-|
tion at the best of
times, made worse by!
the cloud of uncer-;
tainty hanging over}
them — to write or
not to write.
This year there was liter-:
arily no schooling in the;
townships, especially;
those affected by the
state of emergency.
Pupils have either

boycotted classes, lan-

guished in prisons, or
been affected by the,
emergency regulations |
in other ways.

Scores of schoolchil-
dren have stayed away

from schools claiming .

they feared the security-
forces, who on many oc-
casions barged into the
school premises and ar-
rested pupils, .-~--—

Unrest
Teachers have been.,

unable to cope with the"

unrest as it took its toll,
making teaching a te-
dious job.

At the same time

there have been calls to"

boycott the examina-!
tions which begin on Oc-
tober 25. The argument:
we cannot write while,
our colleagues are de-
tained. .

Last year the reason
for calling a boycott was
‘different: the demand
was for democratically '
jelected student rep-/
resentative councils, |
' In Soweto, for exam-
-ple, matric candidates
‘were grouped at com-")
mon centres and sat the:
examination while pro-*
tected by the police. It :
seems this will happen,
‘again this year.

In the background is
the poor performance in:
last year’s examinations, |
' Out of the 78 000 can-
didates who wrote, only |
52. percent passed. of}
these a meagre 12,5 per-i

cent ' gained university 4

entrance. “8
Mr Job Schoeman, 4
chief liaison officer for °
the Department of Ed- :
ucation and Training
(DET), said last year:
that the poor results.”
were caused by various ;
factors, including the:
disruption of classes by’
agitators and a small
group of troublemakers. *
Yesterday Mr Schoe-
man had a similar mis-

giving.

He said although this
year schooling was al-
most impossible in the
townships the disrup-
tions were caused by a
small group of pupils
_who were not ready for
‘the examinations.

“They want to rob
‘others of a chance to.
write and the DET is’

prepared to see to the

‘smooth running of the
examinations.”

Mr Schoeman also.
warned pupils:
country’s economy
needs qualified young.
iblacks to fill the posi-
tions that want skilled
{people. It is up to those!

who want to write not to;
‘be short-sighted and ig-
nore the small groups of

intimidators.”

pening in the townships.

Many candidates are
caught between two de- i
cisions: if they write,
.will they be safe from
‘“intimidation” and if,
they do not what does.

‘the future hold?
Fear

Two candidates ex-
pressed fear and disgust
at the chain of events :
which have put them in:

this dilemma.

112

“The

But so much is hap-

Sonto Mngadi (18), of
Mofolo, Soweto, said:-
“We have been warned
by certain youths that
iwe will have our homes
iset on fire if we sit the
examinations. 1_do not,
:kriow how serious ‘the
threat is but reviewing
‘this year of unrest I am
just afraid of my future.

“J am also not sure
whether I am ready for
the examinations be-
cause I did very little
learning this year. But I
just want to be given a
chance to try my luck.”

Sonnyboy Morolo
19) of Molapo, Soweto,
said: “I admit that many
\Pupils are in jail and will.‘
‘not write the exams but |

‘arrangements can be.
| made when they are re-
leased. .
‘| “If we do not sit exa-
minations this year | am_
‘afraid there will be.
| chaos next year.”
Sonnyboy said schools
-will be overcrowded and
:many would be left,
stranded and this would:
tonly serve to exacer-*
= bate the schools’ crisis.
He is’ determined to:
jsit this year’s examina-
:tions even under police
‘protection.
Mr Schoeman said ex-
/amination standards
were strictly controlled



TABLE 3 WOOD SUPPLY AND DEMAND BY PROVINCE

Maputo LiL 2,040 IN CRISI
|Geza Lito L.7 1,700 DEFICIT FORSEEN
Inbambene Lb to LT 1,700 DEFICIT FORSEEN
Sofzia L1to 17 1,870 SATISFACTORY
|Manica 700 1.2 to 21 1,470 SATISFACTORY
|Tete 300 121021 1,680 SCARCITY
|ZamDdedn 2,600 1.210 1.7 4,420 SCARCITY
Nempuia 2,500 1.210 1.7 4,250 DEFICIT FORSEEN
\Cabo Delgado 1,000 A.Lto 1.7 1,700 SATISFACTORY
Niassa, co 1.2 to 21 1,050 SATISFACTORY
|Whole Country 12,400 14,350 to 21, DEFICIT FORSEEN
|Source: Departamento de Floréstas ¢ Fauna Bravia, Ministério de Agricultura, Maputo, 1982
TABLE 4
AREAS OF NATURAL WOODY VEGETATION ESTIMATED AT THE END OF 1980
vee (in: 000). | Productivity. | vious:
hectares) |. (nw) = 7
Sepli aty bees is sige wi . % (a3):
T. Undisturbed productive closed broadleaved forests not (intensively) ma-
aged mo | 4 280,000
1. Logged-over productive closed brondleaved forests.not (intensivety) man-
waged 380 2s 950,000
3. Productive closed brondieaved forests not (i sively) managed 450
4, Closed brozdleaved forests unproductive for physical reasons (stand and
terrain charscteristles) cd 1,500,00
5. Closed broadleaved forests uaprodactive for legal reasons: 3 62,500,
6, Unproductive closed broadlesved forests a5
7. Closed broadtznved forests as
8. Forest fallow (of closed broadienved forests) ‘00 1S 780,000
9. Productive mixed broadieaved forest — grasstand tree formations 3,350 1 ‘3,350,000
10, Mixed broadieaved forest — grassland tree formations — unproductive
for physice reasons 10,800 1 10,800,00
1. Mixed broadieaved forest — grassland tree formations — unproductive
for legal reasons 350 1 350,000
‘Unproductive mized brondiesved forest — grassland tree formations 11,150
12, Mixed brondieaved forest — grasstand tree formations 14,500 1
13. Forest fallor (of mixed broadleaved forest — grassiand 12,700 OS 635,000
14, Sbrab formotions (essentially) 29,000 0.15 4,350,000
TOTAL 85,155 17.65 22,677,000
jurce: FAO, ‘Mozambique’ in Forest Resources of Tropical Africa. Part Il: Country Briefs, FAO, Rome, 1981.
TABLE 5 GROWING STOCK ESTIMATE (end of 1980)
joe
‘Total .
(in millions}.
OPK
[Undisturhed productive closed brondieaved
forests aot intensively managed vOB 10 5
WAC 10 0.7
[Logged-over productive dosed brosdleaved
forest not intensively managed vOB 50 wo
[Unproductive closed brondleaved forests VOB ww 45
Productive mized brosdleaved forest —
lgrassiand (ree formations vos 35 7
vac 5 7
TOTAL 200 173.2
Key
VOB — gross volume over bark of free bole {from stump or buttress to crown point or first main branch) of all living trees more thar}
10 cm diameter at breast height (or above buttresses if they are higher).
VAC — (for forest not intensively managed): volume actually commercialised, that is volume under bark of logs actually extracted
from the forest.
|Source: FAO, ‘Mozambique’ in Forest Resources of Tropical Africa, Part Il: Country Briefs, FAO, Rome, 1981.

48



JPRS“8SA+854113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SIEMENS EXECUTIVE DOUBTS BLACK GAINS THROUGH RADICAL REFORM
West Berlin TAGESZEITUNG in German 27 Sep 85 p 3

[Interview with Siemens executive Werner Zieler conducted at Siemens offices,
Johannesburg, by Hans Brandt, date not given: "No Negotiations With
Terrorists"]

[Text] The Siemens offshoot in South Africa is among the
biggest foreign concerns at the Cape. The firm has been
involved in the country for 100 years and now employs 6,500
people. It supplies the South African postal system and
cooperates with all state electric enterprises. The parent
firm in Munich holds 52 percent of the stock, the remainder
is spread over three local investors. In the near future the
concern plans additional investments amounting to millions
to build a new factory near Pretoria. The interview with
Werner Zieler took place in the latter's office on the 12th
floor of the Siemens building in Johannesburg.

[Question] Siemens will continue to remain active in South Africa. Economic
sanctions are being vehemently discussed in the world public. What do you
think of that?

[Answer] The political efforts in the world are directed towards creating
conditions in South Africa which can be accepted in the entire world according
to the general body of laws as regards human dignity and equal rights for the
people, thus getting away from the injustices that hide behind the word
"apartheid." In this connection, the question is asked not without uncertainty
how far means of economic pressure may and can be used. The disadvantage is
inherent in the means of economic pressure that they bring about the opposite
of the very thing they intend to further. Financing of the cost connected
with political reforms can become all the more difficult the weaker the economy
is.

We are talking about known facts when we include in reform programs not only
that one proceeds and prints in the newspaper the day after tomorrow the Blacks
now have complete suffrage and have equality in every kind of the law in
relation to the Whites. This may then trigger a response of an edifying feel-
ing in South Africa and in the world. Only what is the poor Black going to do
with that? First of all, he raises the horizon of his expectations relative

133



this category, e.g. methanol, gasoline,
diesel fuel, and also more sophisticated
products like MTBE (Methyl Tertiary

Butyl Ether) and SCP (Single Cell Pro-
i}

teins).

The economy of these products is highly
dependent upon two main factors, viz. na-
tural gas prices and capital. To take me-
thanol as an example: for each tonne of
methanol about 36 million BTU of natural
gas is needed as raw material and energy.
At the prevailing market prices in Europe
and the U.S. A. a methanol producer
would have to pay about US$ 3-4 per mil-
lion BTU for the gas, corresponding to
US$ 100-150 per tonne of methanol. At
these gas prices the raw material gas cost
could easily represent two-thirds of the
market value of the product. So far, Mo-
zambican authorities have been thinking
along the lines of utilizing the gas as such,
distributed as pipeline gas, and in the com-
pressed state as CNG. To move the gas to
the more populated southern provinces of
Mozambique, they are thinking of buil-
ding a 700km pipeline from the Pande
field to Maputo. This alternative would
earn zero exported income. It would subs-
titute for import fuel, but at the gas mar-
ket volumes foreseen in the southern pro-
vinces, the pipeline’s returns apparently
would be rather low.

However, the cost of such a line at some
US$ 300-400 million would be of the same
order as the investment necessary to build
an international-size fuel methanol plant
of 2,000 tonnes/day, which could generate
a yearly export income of about US$ 110-
130 million, again depending on interna-
tional market prices. The annual methanol
output of 600,000-700,000 tonnes from
such a plant would substitute for about
400,000 tonnes of gasoline. This is nearly
half the demand anticipated for the whole
of SADCC in 1990. With an annual con-
sumption of 600 million m3 of natural gas,
the Pande reserves would last for about 40
years.

If the gas is provided at cost, and since
the other production costs are rather mar-
ginal, such a project should be able to pay
back an investment of US$ 300-400 mil-
lion in perhaps 5-7 years. After a short
pay back period the gas would have
earned for Mozambique a valuable indus-
trial plant, still capable of many years pro-

duction, valued at perhaps US$ 100 mil-
lion net per year. In this way, for about
the same investment as for a pipeline, Mo-
zambique could secure considerable ex-
port earnings, and partly substitute for the
present importation of transportation
fuels.

METHANOL AND ALCOHOL

The idea of utilizing methanol as a
transportation fuel has been much advoca-
ted over the last decades. The most stri-
king example, however, of utilizing an al-
cohol as a fuel for transportation purposes
is the creation in Brazil in 1975 of the Na-
tional Alcohol Progran — PROALCOOL
(2). According to Brazilian authorities,
this program has been a total and unprece-
dented success because it has demonstra-
ted to the world that, compared with cur-
rent gasoline prices, the use of ethanol
from sugar cane as a renewable source of
energy is viable from a technical, econo-
mic and social standpoint.

Between 1975 and 1983, 30 billion litres
of alcohol substituted 170 million barrels
of oil, saving Brazil US$ 5.5 billion. The
present target is for 14.3 billion litres of al-
cohol in 1987-88 to replace 200,000 barrels
of oil daily which, at current oil prices,
would save US$ 2.5 billion annually.
More than 1.6 million vehicles are now en-
tirely alcohol-powered, with the remaining
8 million Brazilian vehicles running on ga-
sohol, giving alcohol a 45% share in the
amount of motor-fuel consumed.

For Brazil, developing alcohol vehicles
suited its needs: 85% of total vehicle sales
are now with alcohol engines, rising to
94% in the passenger and mixed category.

Gasohol is a mixture of petrol with
dehydrated alcohol up to a maximum of
20%. This is an economically viable ratio
requiring no alterations to Brazilian vehi-
cles, and utilizing the existing infrastructu-
re for the distribution of petroleum-
derived products. Using gasohol has two
beneficial extra effects: less environmental
pollution, and a rise in the petrol-octane
number. Lead-based wastes are eliminated
as alcohol replaces the usual octane
enhancers such as Tetra-Ethyl-Lead.

44



The reluctance on the part of government to adjust the pension rates to keep in
line with changes in prices or inflation is most disturbing. The pensioners who
have no help from their children live extremely wretched lives in the villages.
Some of those who are in position to make better policies simply refuse to do
so because in one way or the other they are guaranteed protection by those they
favour while manipulating government apparatus in their interest.

No wonder the rate at which senior government executives are readily appointed
to top management positions in many private establishments. I am not in any
way advocating that those of them who are still healthy and sound should not
take up jobs after retirement. What I am saying is that if we find ourselves
in government we should be prepared to see reason when we are still there.
There is no point making from the outside, proposals even of the same very
ideas we blocked and refused to see reason while in office.

From the figure already shown one can see the difficulties the Nigerians face
every day of their lives. The government has lost the courage to control pri-
ces and officials do not appear to have any answer to the crucial problem.

The effect of this is that both the big and the small create avenues of making
extra money within the establishment they work for. Even when proposals are
made group interests within and outside would forestall any meaningful proposals.
Inspite of the presence of the military government, institutions still buy at
higher prices than the private sector.

Take for instance, cars assembled in Nigeria cost twice the price when com-

pared with the prices overseas. Is there any justification for government to
grant a worker 486,000 to purchase a vehicle whose price is N14,000. Inspite
of this the Nigerian worker would make it up and still purchases the vehicle
at that high price. How he makes the difference is another serious question.

Another sector that beats one's imaginetion is that of housing. Apart from
those who live in government [word indistinct], a middle class worker on a
monthly salary of 4400.00 take-home is subjected to 4200.00 or 8250.00 rent on
a flat of two or three bedrooms. This takes 50 per cent or 60 per cent of his
monthly salary. Government has the machinery to look into this sector but the
ever presence of group and individual interests would not allow government to
protect its people.

The very few people who control and operate the apparatus of government would
always use the instrument of their office to protect their interests. No won-
der the general desperation in the society; armed robbers chasing everybody.
We are prisoners by our own creation. No single person is happy in this
country, big, and small.

If we are to talk further on, prices of cars assembled in Nigeria one is temp-
ted to believe that the government officials collude with the motor assemblies.
One can not understand that within two or three years, prices have gone up more
than four times without adjustment in the salaries of the assembly plant work-
ers or that of the Nigerian workers. There is no adjustment even in the car
advances either.

73



/9312
cso:

Mr Von Pittius said the
case had wrongly been la-
belled the ‘UDF case’.

The UDF was a party
to the conspiracy to over-
throw the Government
and was a front for vari-
ous organisations which
were members of the
“revolutionary Alliance’.

These members were
the South African Alli-
ance of Workers Union,
the Transvaal Indian
Congress (TIC), the Na-
tal Indian — Congress
(NIC), the Release Man-
dela Campaign and the
South African Congress

of Trade Unions (SAC- |

TU).

3400/251

83

Mr Von Pittius said the

ANC was formed in 1912,
and went over in 1961,
after being declared un-
lawful, to a policy of viol-

ence and “armed strug-
gle”. .

He said that the South
African Communist Party
(SACP) — formed in
1921 and banned in 1950
— was also a member of
the ‘revolutionary Alli-
ance’,

He then traced the his-
tory of SACTU. He said

although the organisation |

had not been banned it
had gone underground.



a, deadlock Mr. Bau-
chau's lawyer -then
demanded that if the
complainant feels
that he has a case
against his client,
he should issue a
writ of arrest on him
for them to- go into
the case through the
due process of law.
Judge Massoud said
after careful stu-
. dies of the case by
both the office of
the County Attorney
and the Special Theft
Court, and-a subse-
quent application by
Mr. Umehai for the
writ of arrest, the
Theft Court approved
the writ and ordered
the immediate arrest
of Mr. Bauchau as
Managing Director of
Mezbau Liberia Inc.
She said upon the
arrival of the She-
riff of the Special
Theft Court at Mr.
Bauchau's residence
:to serve. him a copy
of the writ of ar-
rest, he delayed the
Sheriff for about
three hours, “only
to tell him that he
was not stepping any-
where: and threw the

19274
cso: 3400/259

writ away in his gar-
den."

Judge Massoud said
following the return
of the Sheriff and
his subsequent report
from Mr. Bauchau that
he was not “stepping
a foot out of his
house," she constitu-
ted other officers
of the court to have
him arrested and
brought before the
court.

She said upon the
return of the second
corps of officers,
they informed her
that Mr. Bauchau
"damned" the court,
stating, that "the
court must go to
hell" and threatened
to “raise hell with
anyone who goes to
his house to have him
arrested".

Judge Massoud said
it was at this junc-
ture that the court
issued a second writ
of arrest on Mr. Bau-
chau for allegedly,
“obstructing legal
process”, for his
"blatant: refusal to
abide by thecourt's

. Mandate or even send

a representative.”
She said again when

38

the officers went to
have him arrested,
Mr. Bauchau “put up

‘a fight and began

stoning the court
officers outside of
his office on Bushrod
Island, and used all
sorts of abusive lan-
guage against the
court,” which accord-
ing to her, was a
gross disrespect to
the officers and the
court.

Judge Massoud said
it was based upon
these negative re-
ports from Mr. Bau-
chau that the court
had no other alterna-
tive but to re-.
enforce the «third
corps of officers to
have him arrested and’
brought before the
court.

She expressed dis-
may that inspite of
the professional man-
ner in which the
court had handled the
case since it was
filed four months
ago, Mr Bauchau would
have lately used his
alleged title as Con-
sul General to
file a report to the
Foreign Ministry.



Zieler: No. Even before the end of the strike we had already agreed to
reinstate the dismissed workers. At first we said: yes, you are fired, and
whoever wants to work and earn his bread with us can submit an applica~
tion. That gave us latitude for the negotiations. We knew from the very
beginning that reinstatement, not new hiring, would be the answer. No one
suffered any losses. Of course, trade unions in South Africa have one
weakness--they have no strike fund, and that was also a factor. They have
no support funds because the membership dues are so low.

Schumacher: Black trade unions claim that there is method behind mass
firings such as at Siemens.

Zieler: This does not apply to Siemens. We did not reduce our work force
in connection with the strike. For economic reasons we had to do that a
while before, but in those cases we paid considerable social insurance
benefits. Such personnel adjustments now and then are, unfortunately,
unavoidable. In industry, there are certain necessities which say? either
one maintains the business, or one goes bankrupt. In a recession,
frequently one can get breathing space only through personnel, that is,
one can adjust to the earnings situation only through personnel reduction
in order to keep the greater number of jobs secure.

Schumacher: There is a big difference between securing the existence of a
business through personnel reduction and firing without notice, even if it
was justified in form.

Zieler: An entrepreneur is faced with the madly difficult task of
preserving a business and remaining humane at the same time. There are
some sleepless nights.

Schumacher: Is Siemens considering divestment, or a stop in investments?
Some black leaders believe that large corporations like Siemens could
force the government to reform apartheid through such considerations.

Zieler: I do not adhere to the theory that, through divestment, one can
change the entire structure of the country. It makes everything so bad
that in the end, there is only collapse. Whoever wants that has found the
right way with divestment.

Schumacher: So Siemens continues to invest?

Zieler: We have neither plans for divestment, nor great plans for invest-
ment. in a recessionary phase when existing capacities are more than
sufficient, one is dreadfully concerned with finally getting some work.
Our investment considerations are determined by economic criteria, not
political ones.

Schumacher: Investment without taking into consideration the political
situation? You can't be serious.

124



JPRSSSA*85*113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CISKEI CORRUPTION BECOMING EXPENSIVE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 14 Oct

[Commentary]

CSO:

SINCE Ciskei was excised
from South Africa, it has been
_all too easy ‘for South Africans
to cease worrying about the
lives of its unfortunate
citizens. Ravaged by drought
and unemployment, Ciskeians
have been getting little
sympathy from neighbours
suffering the same ills. But
interest did pick up when
Ciskei’s political masters
declared it a tax haven, with
no income tax payable by
businesses. .

Now allegations of huge

corruption in Ciskei have been’

-confirmed by a one-man
judicial commission of inquiry

‘into the activities of the.

‘former Minister of Health. In a
‘devastating report the Chief
Justice of Ciskei found Dr
Hendrick Beukes guilty of
perjury, fraud, theft, bribery,
drug-dealing and corruption.
And that was in his interim
‘report: more is to follow.
Dr Beukes arrived penniless
in Ciskei and took only four
years to work himself up to
being President Lennox Sebe’s
confidant. In the Cabinet he
seems to have had a finger in
everything, and everything he
had a finger in he corrupted.

3400/242

het

85 p 12

This was not limited to health
matters; the judge found it
perturbing and inexplicable
that Dr Beukes was involved
in the new $24 million airport,
in security matters, in military
activities, in building
contracts, in liquor licences.
Also found guilty were the
present Ciskei
director-general of health and
some henchmen and an Israeli
corporation out to make a
quick buck.

President Sebe deserves
recognition for opening the
inquiry to the public and
- releasing its recommendations
immediately to the Press. That
might not have happened in
Pretoria. But his judgment has
been shown to be sadly lacking
in allowing Dr Beukes to
become a kingpin and to
squander millions of rands of
taxpayers’ money. :

South African taxpayers, not

. those of the Ciskei, have to pay

for its corruption. It is time
Pretoria attached more
strings to the millions given to
independent states for their
aggrandisement, and
demanded some careful
auditing to protect our money
from scoundrels.

108



AFRIKAAN CHURCHES' ROLE DIVISIVE SAYS HSRC REPORT

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 14 Oct 85 p 8

[Text] Afrikaans churches had

cso:

neglected their task of
keeping people. sensitive
to and aware of the need
to have a saciety based
on human values, an
HSRC report on religion
in intergroup relations in
South Africa has found.

“Whites on the whole
are extraordinarily in-
sensitive to the suffering
which existing social
structures inflict on those
who are not white,” the
report, released in Pre-
toria yesterday, said.

“It is the task of reli-
gion to ensure that the
People in a society re-
main serisitive to human
suffering.”

The report’s main find-
ing was that religion in
South Africa had the po-
tential to play a construc-
tive role in bridging gaps

3400/243

in the country’s deeply.
segmented soctety, but
that this was untapped at
present, with churches
often playing a divisive,
destructive role by serv-
ing particular groups’ in-
terests at the expense of
others.

Traditionally, it said,
there had been wide dif-
ferences between the
Afrikaans and English
churches onthe issue of
human rights. . .

“Recently, however,
human rights have fea-
tured more prominently
as an issue in the Afri-
kaans churches.”

Agreement also existed
between theological and
so-called secular. views,
although problems arose
when specific content
was given to these ab-

‘stract terms.

An example ‘was that

117

all the major churches
agreed racism was a sin
but that opinions differed
sharply as to what quali-
fied as racism in South
African society.

The report said re-,

search suggested human
rights priorities could be
formulated within the
following guidelines: the

~ right to life; the right to

fully express one’s hu-
manity and the right toa
decent quality of life.

These guidelines had
direct consequences for
such aspects of South
African life as the Mixed
Marriages Act (since re-
pealed), the Group Areas
Act, influx control, own-
ership of land, property
rights and housing, equal
education opportunities
and security legislation.
— Sapa.

JPRS*SSA+85+113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



councils of the German parent companies and the local black trade unions,
they have urged in recent years, but without success, the gradual
elimination of racial discrimination in the factories.

As a means of pressure, they are well served by the code of behavior
passed in 1977 by the EC foreign ministers, urging South African
subsidiaries of European enterprises to improve the living and working
conditions of their black employees. Meanwhile, particularly in the
factories of large public corporations codetermined in the FRG, the
discriminatory treatment of Whites and Blacks has been noticeably reduced
as a consequence of joint initiatives by works councils, trade unions, and
personnel chiefs in German corporation headquarters. Six years ago, the
ratio between white and black incomes was 4:1; this difference has now
been lowered to 3.6:1.

The young South African trade unions in particular, are hardly interested
in seeing German industry withdraw, the hoped-for effect on the apartheid
regime being highly uncertain, anyway. It is not only that thousands of
black workers would lose their jobs and probably would not find new ones:
only through international cooperation with their colleagues in the native
countries of the multinationals represented in South Africa do they get
the chance to move successfully against racial discrimination in the
factories, get professional training for black colleagues in modern work
places, and avoid political obstruction of their work by the authorities.

In June, the Pretoria government permitted two leading trade unionists to
travel to the FRG where, with the protective assistance of the Chemical
Workers Union, they brought to the Hamburg management of Norddeutsche
Affinerie complaints about discriminatory treatment of black workers in
its subsidiary, Transvaal Alloys.

The fact that none of the leading German firms at the Cape want to call it
quits for political reasons does not mean, however, that things will go on
as before in the country that until recently had been highly praised for
its stability and great future. High indebtedness, withdrawal of credit,
especially by U.S. banks, and not least of all the country's troublesome
economic situation itself will exclude South Africa for some time to come
from the circle of investment countries. Having come out from under the
shadow of the worldwide recession much later than most other national
economies, the Boer republic still has an inflation rate of 16 percent,
despite the government's austerity policy. Since many firms have taken up
short-term loans in foreign currencies in order to avoid high interest
rates of sometimes more than 20 percent, the recent drop in the exchange
rate of the rand created a particularly unpleasant situation for them.

From the viewpoint of German investors, the situation on the totally
overloaded automobile market has become especially threatening. The number
of car registrations during the first half of 1985 dropped by 35 percent
compared to the same period of the previous year. At the moment, hardly
anyone in this sector makes any money because, in the battle for a share
of the market, price reductions of up to 30 percent are common. To make

122



JPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

UGANDA

SOME LUZIRA POLITICAL PRISONERS RELEASED
Kampala WEEKLY FOCUS in English 24 Sep 85 pp 1, 2

[Text] The ruling military Council last Friday relaxed the Luzira population
by releasing 196 more political prisoners detained there by the Obote regime.

The function was performed by the Head of State General Tito Okello at
Parliamentary building.

Speaking during the function the Minister of Internal Affairs Dr. Paul Kawanga
Ssemogerere among other things stressed government intention to improve on the
human rights record in Uganda.

Among those released were 178 UFM guerrillas 13 Karamojong including "General”
Loteng and four general prisoners.

At the moment only 94 “general” detainees and 128 NASA gents who include
eleven women remain at Luzira.

One of the most important detainees released was a Pakistan guerrilla Captain
Sajjad Heilder Soori who confirmed having worked for UFM.

Speaking to "Focus", Captain Soori who had been nicknamed Sajjabi" said he was
arrested in Parkland in Kenya by extremely dark men.

From there he was taken to Nairobi Airport where he was given two injections
which made him dizzy, and later flown to Entebbe airport.

He said that on arrival at Entebbe he was "met" by former Minister of State
for Defence Peter Otai who drove him to Nile Mansions in Kampala where he was
interrogated and threatened.

Captain Sajjad Soori admitted having been chairman of UFM planning committee
for six months.

He added that he trained about 100 Ugandans in Libya, but before that he was a
captain in the Pakistan Army.

After his capture Soori, 34, was accused by the Obote government among other
things of planning to blow up the Presidential jet on Obote's return from
India.

/13104

cso: 3400/298 146



JPRS+SSA+85°113
15 November 1985

UGANDA

NEW POLITICAL PARTY ANNOUNCED
Kampala MUNNANSI in English 13 Sep 85 p 1

[Excerpt] Last week a former member of the Uganda National Consultative
Council (UNCC) and a UPM Parliamentary candidate in the 1980 General elections
Mr. Israel Mayengo held a press conference in which he and other returnees
from exile in Kenya launched an organization called “"Ugandans for Peace
Crusade" which can abbreviated UPC.

Mr. Mayengo who also served as a controversial district commissioner for
Masaka during the days of Prof. Lule in the UNLF government introduced himself
as the acting Secretary of the UPC. The acting chairman was named as Prof.
Ssenteza Kajubi a veteran politician with a Democratic Party back-ground who
has recentily been in political abeyance for some five years now. Prof.
Kajubi was the only one among the founders of UPC introduced at the conference
who, at least during the latter part of Obote's bloody rule, was in Uganda.

Mayengo who said the accouncement of their organization could not await Prof
Ssentez Kajubi (who was at the time out of Uganda) said that circumstances
were such that something had to be done immediately in the interest of Peace.
He further explained that theirs was a non political organization which,
however, would not remain apolitical. Declining to spell out the specific
aims and objectives of the organization, he said that the Crusade was started
to seek ways and means of influencing peace and stop resort to guns as a means
of achieving power.

/13104
cso: 3400/298

150



JPRS-SSA-85-113

15 November 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

ANGOLA

Energy Plans Under German Direction
(FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT, 12 Sep 85)

Celebrations Mark Anniversary of Agostinho Neto's Birth
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 17 Sep 85) ceeceeevceeeecevcereeseecers

Former UNITA Commander Hired as Part of Clemency Policy
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 11 Sep 85) .csceecessccccesereccesceees

People's Defense Organization Celebrates Anniversary in Namibe
(Hortecio Sebastiao; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 15 Sep 85) ....+---

Food Supplies for Huila People Improved
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 15 Sep 85) ..ceeceeeeeeeerecrecees

EMPROJECTOS Expected To Surpass This Year's Goals
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 15 Sep 85) ...seeee

Figures Reported for Huila Production Sector
(J. Graca; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 13 Sep 85) ..

Luanda, Bengo Provinces Obtain New Gas Turbines
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 13 Sep 85) ...

Briefs
First LCB Course
Refugees in Malange
Relations With Peru

CAMEROON

Briefs
Swiss Development Loan

11

18



RENAMO DIARIES RAISE QUESTIONS ON CREDIBILITY OF SADF

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 13 Oct 85 p 24

[Article by Ken Owen in "Another View" column]

[Text]

GENERAL Constand Vil-,
joen has given an expla-.
nation of the Renamo dia-
ries that raises more
questions than it answers
about the role of the
armed forces in South Af-
rica’s conduct of foreign
policy.

General Viljoen found
himself at a Press confer-
ence in the unpleasant posi-
tion, which he does not de-
serve, of having to defend his »
own loyalty,

That was unnecessary. The
point of the matter is not
whether General Viljoen is
culpable, but that the rela-
tionships between the
various arms of government
— especially those which op-
erate in secrecy —~ are mat-
ters of legitimate public con-
cern, :

Trust”

The deep trust that binds
President Botha with Gener-
al Viljoen and the Minister of
Defence, General Magnus
Malan, can be fairly com-
pared with the relationship ©
that bound Mr John Vorster
with General Hendrik. van
den Bergh, the head of the
Bureau of State Security, if
not with Dr Connie Mulder. °

Military Intelligence has
assumed under President

bureaucracy is greater than
| anything General Van den
Bergh ever achieved. “J
* Unhappily, as the Leader
of the Assembly Opposition,
Dr Frederik van Zyl Slab-
bert, has pointed out, the
SADF’s credibility has suf.
fered severely from the con-
flicting and untrue stat
ments made so often about:
its role in Angola since 1975,
and in Mozambique, Cabinda
jand elsewhere. ‘
Both here and abroad, the‘

actions of the SADF are now:
seen in the light of ‘the odd|
itheories of “total war” that
were expounded by General:
Malan when he was posing as,
a strategic thinker, and slav-
ishly taken up for 8 time by
many other South Africans;
posing as thinkers. t

The matter is further’
clouded by General Viljoen’s
confession, on two separate
occasions, that officers under
his command were guilty of
“anauthorised” support for
military operations in other
countries.

That has widened the ques- :
tion beyond the role of Gen-
eral Viljoen to the actions of
officers under him who:
might be out of control, espe-

; cially as we never know

when a South African soldier
‘or medical orderly or com-
mando will turn up, captive

Botha at least the same be-
hind-the-scenes influence on |
policy, and has, therefore, ac-

quired something of the same

sinister reputation that BOSS ;
had under Mr Vorster. If any- '
thing, the intresion of mili-!
tary men into the State Se-
curity Council and the

or dead, in some unexpected
corner of Africa,

All these factors — the
political ambitions of mili-
fary men, the difficulty of
believing the SADF, the un-
usual relationship between
President Botha and the offi-
cers who helped him fashion
the modern South African

140

armed forces, and the ques-
tionable authority displayed

i by General Viljoen in the

past — have been brought
into play by the Renamo dia-

ries.

The diaries, compiled by
‘Joaquim Vaz, secretary to
‘the president of Renamo,

Afonso Dhlakama, raise
; Many questions about the
‘Tole of the SADF, of which

the most important is. per-

haps whether the military of-
ficers (or any of them) are
, working against the Depart-
ment of Foreign Affairs.
On this score, General Vil-
joen has not explained mat-
ters, but made them more
puzzling. He told his Press
conference that he was or-
dered by General Magnus

Malan to get the Deputy Min-

ister of Foreign Affairs, Mr

Louis Nel, to the leaders of
Renamo. ‘

Distress

To avold the danger that
remature publicity. would
frustrate Mr Nel’s effort to
establish a new series of
peace talks, he urged Mr Nel
to disclose the venture only
on a “need to know” basis. It
was not his fault, clearly,
that Mr Nel did not perceive
a “need” for Pik Botha to
know.

If that is so, then the Cabi-
net clearly did not know what
was going on. If General Ma-
lan ordered the operation,
why did he not tell his Cabi-
net colleague? Why did
President Botha not tell his
Foreign Minister, or was he,
too, kept in the dark on a
“need to know” basis?

JPRS*SSA*85=113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



IPRS*SSA#85«113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

EASTERN CAPE BUSINESS COMMUNITIES MAKE DEMANDS ON GOVERNMENT
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 8 Oct 85 p 11

[Article by Gary van Staden]

[Text] Far-reaching demands — including stripping the
Eastern Cape Development Board of control over
black townships — have been made of the South Afri-
can Government by the boycott-hit business commun-
ities of the Eastern Cape.

As white’ businesses struggle to survive in the
face of an extremely effective black consumer boy-
cott, many business leaders have privately said they
are unhappy with the Government's handling of the
situation.

“No one (in the Government) seems to realise that
for some people everything we have is on the line,” a
Port Elizabeth businessman said.

Port Elizabeth falls within the Eastern Cape “Boy-
cott Belt”, as do East London, Queenstown and Gra-
hamstown. » :

In an attempt to force the Government's hand and.
win favour with the boycott leaders in the region,
business leaders, associations and commerce cham-
bers have listed demands which they believe should
be addressed.

* ‘APPALLING CONDITIONS’

One of the most far-reaching was a decision taken
by the Cradock Employers’ Federation (CEF) last
week. The meeting, held behind closed doors, was at-
tended by business representatives from most of the
boycott-hit cities and towns in the Eastern Cape.

The businessmen said, noting the “appalling condi--
tions” in most of the Eastern Cape’s black town-
ships, they believed control of the various townships
should revert to the relevant white local authority.

Mrs Faith Collet, secretary of the CEF, said after
the meeting that President Botha and constitutional
affairs Minister Mr. Chris Heunis would be ap-
proached on the issue.

The businessmen believe white local authority con-
tro! of black townships would give them a greater
say in improving them. te

Other demands made of the Government by. busi-
ness leaders include:
@ Negotiations with recognised black leaders.

101



UPN LEADER CALLS FOR AMNESTY FOR SELF-EXILED POLITICIANS

Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 29 Sep 85 p 1

[Article by Olu Ojewale]

[Text]

CSO:

THE Federal Military Gov-
emament has been called upon
to give amnesty to Umaru Dik-
ko, Adisa Akinloye and several
other’ self-exiled politicians
provided they are ready to hand
over their ill-otten mories in
foreign banks. <

The call was made by Chief
M.C.K. Ajuluchukwu, a top
brass inthe banned UPN, in

an exclusive interview with the
Sunday Triumph.

Chief Ajuluchukwu said any
politician or civil servant who
had stolen or received
kick-backs and had been jailed
should be given a chance to re-
main free if he could Handover
such monies to the Federal gov-
emment.

He contended that if Dikko’s

money reported to be about 1.5
billion dollars abroad and

3400/227

Akinloye’s 1 billion dollars
could be given to the FMG,
there was no need for the gov-
ernment to apply for the much
talked about IMF loan.

Chief Ajuluchukwu said he
was ready to spear-head a cam-
paign for the release of any
‘Jailed politician or civil servant
who was willing and ready to.
hand over all the stolen monies
and kick-backs received during

his tenure in office, to the FMG_

in foreign currency.

He promised to. mobilise
people to give backing to his
call so that the culprits would
not be harrassed or molested,

On the question of IMF loan,
Chief Ajuluchukwu said the
Federal Government should
not take the loan because it
would result into economic im-
Perialism.

61

JPRS*“SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

NIGERIA



Also, in the majority of cases fuelwood
was readily available hence the problem
was not as acute as it is now.

But perhaps the most important factor
hiding the issue from public view was that
it was the women whose job it was to gua-
rantee the rural domestic energy supply. It
Was just one more of the ‘invisible’ tasks
af domestic labour with which many
decision-makers did not concern themsel-
ves. As the women’s voice was absent his-
torically, the problem was left to grow.

Cooking is by far the most important
energy-consuming activity in the house-
hold, with heating and lighting requiring
smaller quantities of energy. Differences
are apparent in the use of energy between
rural and urban households (see statistical
appendix). In addition to the physical
availability of various energy resources a
further determining factor is income.

RURAL HOUSEHOULD
CONSUMPTION

With almost nine out of every ten Mo-
zambicans living in the rural areas, inevi-
tably rural domestic energy consumption
accounts for the lion’s share of total con-
sumption. The rural population in several
areas of the country has been hit by the
fuelwood shortage and in general has few
alternatives open to it, for financial and
supply reasons. A serious study of rural
energy problems is therefore required, in
particular given that the socialisation of
the countryside has received the govern-
ment’s highest priority. Not only does the
communal village programme raise ques-
tions of agricultural land availability, it al-
so raises ones concerning fuelwood and
other locally available energy resources.

The latent conflict between agricultural
potential and fuelwood potential on the
land is repeated in terms of labour time al-
location. If all the wood supply in the im-
mediate vicinity of the communal village is
removed to facilitate cultivation, women
will have to spend a greater proportion of
their time walking longer distances to col-
lect the wood. There will be a correspon-
dingly shorter time period available for
agricultural work.

Virtually all rural households are de-
pendent on wood for their major energy
source. It also provides heating and back-
ground lighting. Paraffin lamps and can-

dies are the usual source of direct lighting.

The relatively high consumption of crop
wastes and dung indicates an already exist-
ing fuelwood shortage and can seriously
detract from soil fertility in the long term.
Crop residues are only available during
certain times of the year, notably follow-
ing the harvest. >

URBAN HOUSEHOLD
CONSUMPTION

Urban dwellers tend to have greater access
to wage income and a wider availability of
energy supplies. Even so, energy consump-
tion patterns are basically similar. Fuel-
wood and charcoal are by far the most im-
portant fuels used. Kerosene, electricity
and bottled gas also provide important ur-
ban domestic energy.

Urban households only account for 3.2
per cent of total consumption according to
our estimates (see Table 1). Only the high-
er income households tend to use electri-
city and gas for cooking (electricity gene-
rally is much more important in the urban
than the rural areas. By way of conclu-
sion, it is clear that wood and charcoal
will remain major sources of energy for
domestic consumption right up until the
year 2000. Guaranteeing the source of
supply to meet a growing demand will the-
refore be vital. Total wood fuel consump-
tion will increase by 65 per cent over the
next twenty years according to our estima-
tes (see statistical appendix) but already,
the stock of wood is being seriously deple-
ted by current levels of demand.

INDUSTRIAL ENERGY
CONSUMPTION

Industry accounted for 16.6 per cent of
all energy consumption in 1980. Again,
wood fuel and charcoal were the most im-
portant energy sources. Residual oil, coal
and electricity were also used. In general
the industrial sector uses a quarter of all
petroleum products, a third of electricity,
all industrial wood, 58 per cent of the
coal, nearly one tenth of the fuelwood and
nearly 90 per cent of the charcoal.

Certain industries are heavy users of one
particular type of fuel, such as coal in the
cement industry. Undoubtedly, given Mo-
zambique’s commitment to build up a
heavy industrial base, energy demands in

47



/9312
cso:

the symbols of our op-
pression. It was also a
disgraceful type of im-
potence.

Things these days
are not better, instead
worse. We get to work *
and agonise over those
kids who get killed and
sometimes also go out ~
toslay. 4

The ultimate crime .
facing adult South Af-
tica is that we have
now sent white boys,
some in their teens to ©
man those armoured
vehicles. I do not care '
if this seems like:
breaking the law. But I |
have seen these so-
called soldiers, eagerly
watching a football
game near my home.
They do not seem over
eager to be manning
those Casspirs or what-
ever you call the men-
ace. They would rather
be chasing the ball
with our kids.

They come from

; homes, from a culture

that is made totally

alien to ours by the
system. They appear
to be decent folk but
they carry the cross of
apartheid in their
hands. They are thrust
into this strange at-
mosphere, these town-
ships that seem to be
snapping with electric
tension, half the day,
half the night.

They then.come face
to face with other kids,
almost their same age.

3400/252 .

96

Kids who disappear
like wraiths of smoke
into the matchbox con-
urbation.

I may be wrong, but ‘

they seem frightened.
They also are defiant
and angry. Angry per-
haps at the thing that

has made them be;

where they are; at the

black shadows disap- :

pearing into the mess
of matchbox houses,
only to strike some-
where else. To strike

* and run. Guerillas!

Tam seated in my of-
fice writing these
things, feeling angry,
helpless. Other adults
are seated behind per-
haps even more formi-
dable desks in Pre-
toria, in Cape Town,
pushing the chess-
pieces, this way, that
way.

1 would that for just
this once we adults re-

versed the situation. |

Let the kids get the

hell out of this mess so |

we can handle it. We
have to.

My callers who have
indicated the silent cry
coming from the white
suburbs may be feeling
as angry and helpless
as Iam. I know Denis
Beckett feels the way I
feel. I may not agree

| with what they see as

: the solution to these

problems, but I am
tired of being a specta-

| tor to my sons being

shot or something back
home — while I sit
here.



JPRS*SSA+854113
15 November 1985

ETHIOPIA

ETHIOPIA, BULGARIA SIGN PROTOCOL AGREEMENT
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 6 Oct 85 pp 1, 4

[Text] A protocol agreement was signed between Revolutionary Ethiopia and the
Bulgarian People's Republic that would enable Bulgarian experts to work in

Ethiopia in various spheres and thereby contribute in the socialist economic
construction of the country.

The agreement was reached in accordance with the decision of the Ethio-Bulgarian
Joint Commission on Economic, Scientific and Technical Co-operation at its
sixth session last year.

According to the agreement, Bulgarian experts will work in the fields of agri-
cultural research, water development, construction and other sectors and ren-
der professional assistance for the coming five years.

The agreement was signed on behalf of Ethiopia by Comrade Commissioner Aklilu
Afework, head of the Production Sector at the National Committee for Central
Planning (NCCP), and on behalf of Bulgaria by Comrade Georgi Kassov, Ambassador
of the Bulgarian People's Republic to Revolutionary Ethiopia.

In the statement he made at the ceremony, Comrade Aklilu noted the growing
political, economic and social co-operation between the two countries and
stated that the agreement signed would contribute immensely to the on-going
Socialist construction of Revolutionary Ethiopia.

Comrade Aklilu further stated that while working here, the Bulgarian experts
would be given utmost co-operation by Revolutionary Ethiopia. He added that

the agreement would further strengthen the friendly relations between the two
countries.

Comrade Ambassador Kassov said on his part that since the upsurge of the
Ethiopian Revolution, the people of Bulgaria had been following its progress
with keen interest and had been extending support to it. He stressed that his
country would continue its co-operation with Ethiopia in all fields. (ENA)

CSO: 3400/245

21



maintained. The text of the communique says that the governments of the
Republic of Peru and the People's Republic of Angola, with a view to
developing the bonds of friendship and cooperation between the two nations,
have decided to establish diplomatic relations in accordance with the
principles of international law. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in
Portuguese 17 Sep 85 p 1] 5157

CSO: 3442/9

7



the black students. It should sur:
make sense to even the most di
hard supporter of separate devel-'
opment that the job to run this coun-
try will inevitably rest on those
children who have been turned into
angry, frustrated and illiterate,
fighters. .

cso: 3400/250

100



TABLE II

COAL PRODUCTION: 1980 ('000 TONNES)
Steam Coal Coking Coal Tout
Suplies | Resets | _ Local
Local Export | tot | Local | Export | Total Produced
1980 1,547 2 1,559 1 27 1,208 2,767 42 3,259
ve. Annual
iGrowth
11960-1970 0.9% | 8.6% | 3.6% | 49.3% | -3.5% | +6.6%| 1.6% | +9.9% | 05
1970-1980 0.2% - 3.0% | +2.7% | +8.1% | +3.4% | 0.7% | -1.3% 08
(Source: IBRD, 1982, 81)

to the decision made by the railways to
switch to liquid-fuel powered locomotives.
Steps are currently being taken to refur-
bish the old steam locomotives. Steam
coal exports are limited by relatively high
transportation costs.

The exports of coking coal go mainly to
South Africa where they are used in the
iron and steel industry. Table III summari-
zes Zimbabwe's total coal exports by
country of destination. After South Afri-
ca, the most important destination for
Zimbabwean coal is Zaire, where it is used
in mineral processing. These exports are at
a small fraction of their previous levels,
and apart from export sales to multi-
national oil firms, they do not seem likely
to expand in the future.

The future of coal in Zimbabwe will be
determined by how economically it can be
substituted for petroleum. Coal-fired ther-
mal generating plants are one such form
of substitution, as is the refurbishing of
steam-powered locomotives. Coal liquifac-
tion is another way of making this substi-
tution. However, given present prices and
technologies, coal-liquifaction does not
yet seem like a viable alternative to the im-
portation of petroleum fuels. As in many
western industrial countries, coal appears
to have a major role to play in the future
of Zimbabwe's economy. .

On 24th July, 1984 the Cabinet of the Government of Zimbabwe accepted an

evaluation of the Montan GmbH report titled “Coal Resources and Utilization
Study” by the Inter-Ministerial Committee for the formulation of a National.Coal
Policy and directed that feasibility studies be carried out the following observations
and recommendations:

Inventory of Coals

1) Adequate reserves of coal exist-at Wankie ‘Colliery to satisfy the needs of all
but the establishment of an oil-from-coal project, although further data on coal
would be required. Selected coal deposits should be further explored before the site
‘and type of any major coal utilization are decided. These investigations should be
determined by Zimbabwe Geological Survey, jn line with international standards,
on at least three separate coal deposits.

2) A coal Data Bank to be established ‘by. Geological Survey is recommended.

3). The Zimbabwe Government to participate in all future coal development pro-
jects.

Coal Conversion

1) A feasibility study into the production of diesel ‘and petro! from coal should
be undertaken in view of the findings. Gasi ication and synthesis, as-well as.carbo-
nization respond favourably, to process conditions and ‘are accordingly project spe-
cific.

Both coal gasification and synthesis technology have ‘been proven, and plants es-
tablished. These two routes should be the basis for.any further research and study
for any major coal utilization project. .

157



went from a surplus of US$303 m. in 1978
to a deficit of US$228m. by 1982.
General world economic recession play-
ed its part, with Zimbabwe supplying raw
materials, mainly minerals and agricultu-
ral and ranching products. White emigra-
tion as a reaction to the internal
changes also contributed. Finally reopen:
ing normal trade with international mar-
kets played its part, as well as the trade

war waged by racist South Africa to bring
the Zimbabwean economy to its knees.

A second swipe, brought on by the oil
price rise in 1979, also severely rocked the
economy by 1982, raising production costs
and lessening competitivity on export mar-
kets partially offset by devaluation of the
Zimbabwe dollar by 20% at the end of ~
1982 in the context of measures to satisfy
the IMF.

The greatest impact was on primary
products, both mineral and agricultural.
Main clients of the OECD had suffered
such a substantial recession, commodities
sales slumped from 1978 levels of
US$186.5m., 1979 sales of US$216.4m.,
and US$264m. in 1980, the fall was to
US$241 m. in 1981, and by 1982 the down-
ward trend was sharply worse at
US$171 m. Mining exports went into sharp
decline from 1982.

Tungsten concentrate sales fell from
1981’s level of US$1.1m. to US$370,000
in 1982. Tantalite sales fell from
US$2.9m. to US$254,000. Silver and pla-
tinum sales slumped from US$1.5m. to
424,000. The only exception was gold ex-
ports favoured by high world gold prices
which rose from 1979’s US$68min to
1982’s US$169.5m.

Tobacco, the main agricultural export
crop, accounted for 21.8% of all sales in
1982 against 23% in 1981.

ELECTRIC POWER INVESTMENTS

Like all non-oil producing nations, Zim-
babwe is calling for energy saving, with oil
imports the second item on the imports
balance sheet. From 1980 oil imports have
decreased as a result of rising electricity
imports from neighbouring countries, and

cso: 3400/238

from 1981 severe consumption rationing.
In 1978, oil products took up 22.9%
of foreign exchange spending of
US$136.5m., rising the following year to
US$230.4m. By 1980, though taking up
24.1%, the price rise in crude oil forced
the total oil bill up to US$303.4m. In 1981
there was a merely nominal rise in the bill
to US$306.7 m. or 20.8% of all imports.
1982 rationing measures produced falls to
US$215.6 m., or 16.51%.

Imports of electric power grew in paral-
lel from 1978’s US$19.3 m. to US$29.4m.
in 1981 and US$25.5m. in 1982, represen-
ting respectively 14.18%, 9.59% and
11.85% of total imports. Transformation
of the country’s consumption profile ex-
plains the foreign exchange savings.

Total consumption was 6263kW/h in
1978 compared with a 1982 level of
7742m. in 1982. Industry also became the
major user of electric power during the pe-
riod. a

END

160



is a wise decision tor any government
to advise its citizens who face harass-
ment in a foreign land to return home
and when the nature of harassment is
serious arranges to evacuate them
home. The level of molestation of
Ghanaians in the Ivory Coast was
serious enough to warrant an inter-
vention by the Ghana government but
after the Ivorian government had
effectively taken steps to stop the
harassment, arrested and jailed some
of the perpetrators one would have
thought that the Ghana government
would no longer persist in its advice to
Ghanaians to leave the Ivory Coast.
Such a mature review of the
situation by the Ghana government
becomes even more imperative in view
of the message from the President of
the Ivory Coast to Ghanaian authori-
ties emphasising the fact that the inci-

dent of harassment should not be used
to mar the cordial relations between
the two countries.

The Ivorian Ambassador in Ghana,
Mr Konan Nda who delivered the
special message, said President
Houphouet-Boigny was shocked about
the evacuation of Ghanaians from the
Ivory Coast because ‘he feels that
Ghanaians there are at home’. Mr Nda
said the President felt that what has
happened was like a family quarrel
which should not be allowed to be
misused by the enemies of Africa to
sow seeds of disunity between the two
countries. It may also be remembered
that in 1980 the more gruesome inci-
dent of the Ghanaian fishermen who
were massacred in the Ivory Coast
without the slightest provocation was
not seized upon by Ghana to evacuate
her citizens from the Ivory Coast.

The question that arises then is why
does the military regime in Ghana
persist in evacuating Ghanaians when
the Ivory Coast government, far from
expelling Ghanaians like it was done
recently to Ghanaians in Nigeria, is
taking every possible step to ensure the
safety of Ghanaians in that country?

One of the answers to this question is
that it seems the Ghanaian authorities
were looking for an opportunity to
tidicule the AFC decision to place a

cso: 3400/247

ban on the Kumasi Sports Stadium.
This they have done by putting the
Stadium to other uses than football.
But it seems also that the more
plausible reason was that the Ghanaian
authorities were looking for an
opportunity to trump up to the inter-
national community that Ghana was
again in distress and has had to
undertake an evacuation of its citizens

from a hostile foreign country and
through that hope to win not only
sympathy and support but more
importantly material assistance to
boost the military regime. .
The evacuation exercise for which
the PNDC has established a permanent
secretariat with Commodore Obimpeh
as its national coordinator has become

a useful weapon of the military regime
with which it woos international
support, not for the people but for the
regime’s survival.

This weapon was discovered in 1983
when at the height of the mass expul-
sion of Ghanaians from Nigeria, the
Ghanaian authorities closed the
country’s borders and prevented
Ghanaians from returning home. This
created the horrid scenes where
hundreds of thousands of Ghanaians
were stranded along their own
country’s borders which aroused so
much concern in the international com-
munity and led to the massive flow of
aid to rehabilitate the affected
Ghanaians.

This was during a very difficult
period for the country’s military rulers
when the entire nation was on the verge
of starvation and the survival of the
regime had become precarious. No
doubt the massive inflow of inter-
national food aid was a big source of
consolidation for the military regime.
In 1985 the PNDC is keen on staging
another evacuation exercise and hope
to reap all the possible advantages
therefrom.

29



MUNICIPAL COUNCIL POLICE MAKE THEIR DEBUT

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 14 Oct 85 p 9

[Text] |THE black communityi
has the opportunity to!
play a decisive role in
South Africa’s future,
regardless of what may
be said by those who do
not want to be part of the
new dispensation, :

This was said by Mr

‘Piet Badenhorst, thei
Deputy Minister of Con- '
stitutional Development
and Planning. He was
speaking at a passing out |
parade of municipal po-
lice at Orlando Stadium
recently.

Of the 140 municipal
police on parade, 10.
were women — the first
| to be trained by the only
local authority training
school (Soweto).

| There were trainees
from other councils like
Alexandra, Atteridge-
ville, Dobsonville, Ka-
giso and Seeisoville
(Kroonstad).
Open

| Mr Badenhorst said
the. stage had been set
by the State President
and the various an-
nouncements over the
last couple of months
should be an indication
to everybody that the
Government desires to’
open new avenues of so-

CSO: 3400/239

cial, political and econ-
omic development to’
each group in the coun-
try.

“To reject these op-
‘portunities is to play
soccer without a goal-
keeper. The new dispen-
sation has __ naturally
come as a shock to those
who have become in-
‘struments in the hands
‘of the Sovietinspired.

forces. 2
4
“As a result, we. are:
being subjected to large
scale intimidation and
violence in a futile at-
tempt to persuade our
black leaders’ to reject
the road to peace ‘and
stability,” he said,

Law

The instigators of vio-
lence and militant revo-

lution should take note -hestmarkspwn)......- 4

that it was primarily the |
Junction, .of: the, South ,

African Police to main-
tain law and order, but
they would be supported
by the municipal police,
he said.

In his vote of thanks,
Mr Letsatsi Radebe, So-
weto City Council exe-
cutive committee chair-
man, said South Africa

, was ata critical stage.

While the Govern-
‘ment was trying to bring
about change, some ele-
ments were trying to
bring, sonfpsinn, amon;

black people.

The enemies of blacks!
today were those people
masquerading as “free-
dom fighters” who have
succeeded in using “our
children against us”. He
also hit at white liberals
for using blacks for their
own interests,

During the occasion,
Mr Badenhorst pre-
sented trophies to Rex
Machabi of Alexandra
(best academic’ student),
Ruth Mampane of Alex-
‘andra (the most  pro-
_mising student), Joseph
Motsoaledi_ of Kroon-
stad (the best platoon
leader) and Phanuel
Senna of Kagiso (the

110

JPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



through the national executive board of the DGB [German Federation of Labor]
became clear during the most recent session of the European Federation of
Labor when DGB chief Ernst Breit and the chairman of the Metalworkers Union,
Hans Mayr, who is restrained in this issue, fiercely locked horns.

The big individual unions, besides the Metalworkers in particular the Chemical
Workers, Paper Workers and Ceramics Workers Unions, prefer a silent, and for
that reason all the more efficient reform strategy to spectacular actions and
melodious resolutions. In close cooperation with the factory committees of
the German parent companies and with the local Black unions, they have in
recent years pushed unsuccessfully for the gradual elimination of racial
discrimination in the companies.

A means of pressure in this is available to them in particular in the form of
the code of behavior adopted in 1977 by EEC foreign ministers which encourages
South African branches of European companies to improve the work and living
conditions of Black employees. Especially in the plants of the large
corporations with worker comanagement in the FRG, differential treatment of
Whites and Blacks has in the meantime been noticeably dismantled as a result
of joint initiatives by industrial councils, labor unions and the head of
personnel at the German company headquarters. If the ratio between the
monthly income of Whites and Blacks was 4 to 1 only 6 years ago, this
difference has in the meantime shrunk to 3.6 to 1.

The new South African unions in particular are scarcely interested in a
withdrawal of German industry, an act that could at any rate have a less-than-
hoped-for effect on the apartheid regime. Not only would thousands of Black
workers lose their jobs and hardly be able to find new ones; it is only
through international cooperation with their colleagues in the native
countries of the multinationals active in South Africa that they have the
chance to take successful action against racial discrimination in the
companies, make Black workers professionally competent in the modern workplace
and escape political roadblocks in their work erected by government
authorities.

In this way, Pretoria allowed two union leaders to travel in June to the FRG,
where, with the solicitous assistence of the Chemical Workers Union, they
lodged a complaint with the company management of the Norddeutsche Affinerie
in Hamburg concerning the discriminatory treatment of Black workers at its
Transvaal Alloys branch.

The fact that none of the leading German companies in South Africa want to
throw in the towel out of political reasons does not at all mean that
everything will procede as normal in the country that until only recently was
highly praised for its stability and promise for the future. The high level
of debt, the withdrawal of credit, especially by American banks, and not least
of all the poor state of the country's economy are taking South Africa out of
the circle of countries for investment. Having emerged from the shadow of the
worldwide recession much later than most national economies, South Africa
still records a rate of inflation of 16 percent, despite its government's
policy of austerity. Because many firms have accepted short-term credit in
foreign currency due to interest rates sometimes as high as 20 percent, the

131



against South Africa are affecting primarily the black population, with
corresponding results on the neighboring states which are neither
responsible for, nor can they influence, Pretoria's policies.

Konrad Lilienthal, publisher of NAMIBIA-NACHRICHTEN, a German-language
weekly published in Windhoek, reported on a visit to the Friedrich-
Naumann Foundation in Bonn--which is close to the FDP--that the unrest had
reached the South African mandated territory of Namibia, which is treated
like its fifth province by South Africa, only in weakened form. <One line
of text garbled>. «sethat SWAPO (Southwest Africa Peoples Organisation),
operating out of Angola, would step up its activities if South Africa does
not succeed in reestablishing peace in the country. Lilienthal does not
consider it impossible that SWAPO might begin to commit acts of terrorism
in the larger cities of Namibia, also, beyond present actions in the
northern frontier area.

According to Lilienthal, economic effects consist primarily in creating
great insecurity among Whites who, numbering 75,000, constitute about 7
percent of the total population. The decline of the South African rand, in
view of the great dependence on imports, especially in technical products,
has hit enterprises and farmers very hard. Before the unrest, the rand was
worth about DM 1.80; today, the currency, split between the commercial and
financial rand, is traded only at DM 1.00 to DM 1.10. In addition, there
is little demand on the world market at present for Namibia's most
important export products, uranium and Persian lamb furs.

Not only the political, but also the economic future of the country will
depend on whether Resolution 435 of the World Security Council will be
implemented, under which South Africa is to grant independence to Namibia.
Lilienthal called it unfortunate that the United States had combined this
question with the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola. This gives South
Africa a permanent excuse to avoid implementation of Resolution 435.

Autonomy for the country will certainly cause economic problems. But it is
so rich in minerals and economic resources that, with initial outside
help, it would become viable. He could only hope, said Lilienthal, that a
solution would be found soon so that a smooth transition can be made to a
government which, in addition to taking into consideration the interests
of the black population, would also safeguard those of the Whites. He
pointed to the example of South Africa where industry only now, and
probably too late, is beginning to talk with the officially shunned ANC
(African National Congress) of Nelson Mandela. In view of the success in
South Africa, ANC is making demands unacceptable to the white population.
Lilienthal mentioned total nationalization of all enterprises and a
radical redistribution of income.

9917
cso: 3420/3

53



LIQUOR ACT CHANGE WILL BE ANOTHER BLOW TO APARTHEID

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 10 Oct 85 p 9

[Article by David Braun]

[Text]

Proposed amendments
to South Africa’s liquor
laws are soon to remove
one of the pettiest racial
bugbears from the
apartheid system — the
measure which banned
blacks from eating and
drinking with whites in
public amenities.

Legislation will be in-
troduced next year to.
rid South Africa's liquor
laws of remaining racial
discriminatory mea-
sures, the Minister of
Trade and Industry, Dr
Dawie de Villiers, re-
-cently announced.

As part of the Govern-
ment’s overall plan to
purge racial discrimina-
tion from the statute
book, the announcement.
effectively means that,
if Parliament agrees, all
establishments — which
sell or supply liquor to
the public will be al-
lowed at their discretion
to serve people of all
races. :

cso: 3400/242

The law will be
changed merely to make

" the serving of all races

possible. There will no
legal impediment
against landlords bar-
ring certain people be-
cause of their colour.

Dr de Villiers said
last week that, if the
proposed amendments
were accepted by Par-
liament, “all differential
measures based on race
will be removed from
the Liquor Act”.

The most important
amendments include:

@ The deletion of section
72 which regulates the
admission of persons to
licensed premises, in-
cluding hotels and res-
taurants.

@The substitution of
section 23 to remove the
reference to race in the
granting of special au-
thorisation. The substi-
tution simultaneously
provides for more flexi-
ble dealing in liquor, en-
abling shebeens to oper-
ate legally.

@The abolition of the
need for a permit to in-

troduce more than nine

litres of liquor into a
black area.

@ Deletion of the provi-
sion which provides for
the compulsory seizure
and forfeiture of liquor,
vehicles and receptacles
because of the possibili-
ty that they may have
been involved in a con-
travention of the Liquor
Act.

Section 72, which ef-
fectively excluded
blacks from white res-
taurants and bars, has
been the most contro-
versial aspect of the
"Act.

The section made it
“a special condition of
an on-consumption li-
cence ... issued in re-
spect of any premises
intended for occupation
by, or the convenience
of, whites ... that the li-
censee should not on the
licensed premises sell or
supply to any person
who is not white any re-
freshments, meals or ac-
commodation or any li-
quor for consumption
thereon, or admit any

107

JPRS“SSA*85~113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

such persons as a guest
to such premises”.

But licensees could
apply for an exemption
to section 72, originally
by means of application
to the Minister who, on
the advice of the Liquor
Board, could grant such
exemption subject to
whatever conditions or
restrictions he saw fit.

In more recent years
this cumbersome proce-
dure was effectively
sus-pended and licensees
could admit any person
to liquor-licensed prem-
ises and obtain approval
afterwards.

The deletion of sec-
tion 72 now means that
the right of admission is’
placed entirely in the
hands of the licensee.

The licensee will be
held responsible for the
orderly management of
his concern and, Dr de
Villiers warned, if con-
ditions should arise
which were detrimental
to the public interest,
steps would be taken
and the licence could
even be cancelled.



NEW COMMISSIONERS APPOINTED IN RIVERS STATE

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 7 Oct 85 p 2

[Text] THE Rivers Military

cso:

Governor, POlice Com-
missioner . Fidelis Oyak-
hilome, has appointed:
new commissioners, ac-
cording to a.government
statement issued in Port
Harcourt.

The statement said
that the commissioners
are Messrs’ Orabule
Adele, ‘appointed as the
Attorney-General and
Commissioner _ for
Justice, .T.~ Williams,
for Finance, Albert
Badey for Information,.

Social Welfare, Youth.
Sports and Culture and
Prof. Godwin Tasie for
education.

The statement further
announced the’ re-ap-
pointment of Dr. Ed-
ward Spiff to his former
/post of Commissioner.
for Agriculture and
Natural Resources and

3400/229

Mr. S.K. Dagogo-Jack,
who also retained his
post as secretary to the
Military Government
and Head of Service in
the state.

In the statement, Go-
yernor Oyakhilome said
that the appointment

was not announced
earlier because the com-
missioners had to be
screened, adding that the
appointment of three
more commissioners
would soon be announ-
ced.

The new commissio-
ners would be sworn in
along with the perma-
nent secretary in the
n istry of information,
suvial welfare, youth,
sports and culture, Dr.
Lawrence lyagba, who
was appointed recently.

71

JPRS*SSA*85+113
15 November 1985

NIGERIA



IPRS*SSA+85*113
15 November 1985

ETHIOPIA

ERITREA PEASANTS PROMOTE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 2 Oct 85 p 1

[Text] Over 18,000 peasants in Eritrea region, engaged in territorial defence
to root out secessionist elements, are equally registering encouraging re-
sults in development undertakings.

This was disclosed by Comrade Asfaha Abraha, Alternate member of the CC of
the WPE and Chairman of Eritrea region Peasants' Association in a statement he
gave to Addis Zemen reporter recently.

Apart from building small-scale dams, harnessing rivers and preparing agricul-
tural plots, peasants in the region are standing by the side of the Second
Revolutionary Army to frustrate the plot of separatist bandits.

Comrade Asfaha added that the masses in general and the peasants in particular
are resolved never again to be deceived by the slanderous propaganda of reac-
tionaries. Today peasants in Eritrea region are making tremendous efforts in
afforestation and terracing work, digging wells and combating natural and man-
made disasters.

There are at present 521 peasants’ associations in the region comprising nearly
106,000 members. In addition, 86 peasants' service co-operatives that em-
brace 304 peasants associations and over 67,000 members that are rendering
services. Twenty-two of these co-operatives have assumed their legal status,
he added.

Comrade Asfaha further stated nine peasants producers' co-operatives, with over
4,000 members, are engaged in an irrigation scheme using 72 oxen and 29 pumps.

Peasants in Eritrea region have also completed nearly 140,000 km of terracing,

work, construction of 280 km feeder roads, and 24 dams. In addition, they have
planted over 17 million tree seedlings. It was learnt that significant results
are being achieved in the literacy campaign in the region and the peasants are

benefitting from it.

Peasants in the region have enriched their political consciousness more than
ever before to distinguish between their friends and foes, and are hence deter-
mined to translate into deeds the Ten-year Perspective Development Plan, under
the leadership of the WPE, Comrade Asfaha reiterated.

cso: 3400/245

23



launchers.

He was also given pol-
itical instruction and it
was stressed that the
ANC’s main aim was to
liberate the people of
South Africa.

In teply to a question
from Mr Stuart, Mr “X”
said that — as he under-
stood it — the main
people to be killed in
South Africa were the
police and soldiers.

He said he also saw two
other accused, Mr Robert
Dumisa and Mr James
Marupeng.

In May 1983 he was
flown from Angola to the
Soviet Union. Among the
group was Mr Buthelezi.

He said that at a camp
in Russia they were train-
ed by a lieutenant-colo-
nel. The instructions were
given in Russian but there
was an interpreter.

At this camp he also
learnt how to use anti-
tank mines. He said he

stayed in the Soviet |
Union for about three ©

months and did numerous
oral tests and he also
made notes of the instruc-
tions given to him.

In about August 1983
he was flown back to An-
gola with other people,
including Mr Dumisa and
Mr Buthelezi.

He said it appeared
that Mr Buthelezi held
the rank of camp commis-
sar while Mr Dumisa was
a platoon commander.

Later he returned from
Angola to Swaziland
where discussions were
held about putting the
plans of the ANC into
practice by returning to
South Africa and conceal-
ing arms and ammunition
in the Ingwavuma district.

The situation was dis-
cussed at the home of 4
man called “Jamieson”.

It was decided that they
would take weapons into
South Africa and that
they would attempt to re-
cruit people for the ANC
in the Ingwavuma district.

89

Eventually he, “Jamie-
son”, Mr Dumisa and Mr
Buthelezi crossed into
South Africa, carrying
AK-47 rifles, hand gre-
nades and detonators for

the hand grenades.

‘They set out along the
Ingwavuma_ River and
stayed in the area for a
considerable period be-
fore returning to “Jamic-
son’s” place in Swaziland.

At this stage the group
were informed that two
members of the ANC had
been arrested.

On a second occasion
they again returned to
Ingwavuma. There were
discussions about attack-
ing a police camp in the
area but nothing came of
this.

On returning to Swazi-
land, he decided to “run
away” and left Mr Buthe-
lezi.

‘Asked by Mr Stuart
why he had done this, he
said: “I realised I was a
fugitive; that 1 had no
place to stay and I could
not improve my future. I
thought we would just
die.”

He said he realised
that, by deserting, he had
become a “sell-out” and
that he would have been
killed by the ANC.

He said he returned to .
his home in Richards Bay
and was later arrested by
the police.

He had subsequently
been released by the
police. Towards the be-
ginning of this year he
had found employment in
the area.

The trial is continuing.

@ MrD Kuny SC, who
is appearing for the 13 ac-
cused, has asked The Citi-
zen to point out that it
was incorrect to say he
had withdrawn from de-
fending four of the accus-
ed because they had
shown no interest in the
trial and were totally
unco-operative.



JPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

ANGOLA

CELEBRATIONS MARK ANNIVERSARY OF AGOSTINHO NETO'S BIRTH
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 17 Sep 85 p 1

[Text] Today, the anniversary of the birth of our late lamented president,
Dr Antonio Agostinho Neto, the entire country is observing National Hero Day.

Productive, political, cultural and athletic activities are planned in all the
provinces, including in some cases the holding of popular rallies at which
speakers will talk on the life and work of Agostinho Neto.

This morning in Luanda, leaders of the party, government, JMPLA [Youth of the
Popular Movement of the Revolution] and mass and social organizations are
paying a visit to the mausoleum project in the Kinanga quarter and to the
sarcophagus of Comrade Agostinho Neto at the Palace of the People, to render
the homage due the immortal guide of the Angolan revolution. The program also
ineludes the placing of floral wreaths at the tomb of the unknown soldier and
the implementation of voluntary labor campaigns.

The activities planned to commemorate 17 September began on the first of the
month this year, with talks and showings of documentary films on the
revolutionary life of President Neto, as well as other activities to render
him homage. The high point was reached during National Hero Week, which began
on 10 September.

However, the main event being held on the national level and dedicated to the
founder of the nation and the MPLA-Labor Party is the Second National
Political Song Festival, which is in progress now in the municipalities of
Cubal, Ganda and Caimbambo in the province of Benguela. The theme is "The
Path to the Stars---A Basic Song for Agostinho Neto."

It should be noted that the central theme for the celebration of National Hero
Day this year is "Neto Always Present in the Building of Socialism."

5157
cso: 3442/9



JIPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

NIGERIA

ECONOMIC CHALLENGE, IMPOSSIBILITY OF MAKING ENDS MEET
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 4 Oct 85 p 5
[Article by F. Charles Adigwe]

{Text] The prices of items and services in Nigeria are such that Nigerians
have continuously found it extremely difficult to make ends meet. However
some cf these difficulties are self inflicted by the avaricious nature of
Nigerian life.

The most disturbing factor is the government's inability to control things es-
pecially the basic commodities needed by an average Nigerian. The minimum wage
in Nigeria is 4120.00 plus N20 housing and another €20.00 for transport. The
take home pay after taxation if any is 4150.00 altogether.

The essence of fixing minimum wage by governments all over the world is taken
from the point of view of economic management. That is to say that what ever
is the case, one can affort to maintain oneself at least without any outside
help, as long as he continues himself or herself with the basic requirements.

The basic needs can be classified as follows--housing, food, clothing/washing,
transport, hospitality, family commitment and insurance. Let's therefore al-
locate to each sector its share of the monthly income.

From the allocation above one can see that the lowest paid Nigerian worker has
no means of living fairly well. He can hardly buy clothing, household uten-
sils, ordinary personal accident insurance policy of 420.00 a year and above
all he has no means of supporting his parents and relations at home or those
brothers and sisters wanting to live with him.

The vast majority of parents at home were mainly farmers and traders before.
They have become old and at their present age bracket they can no longer afford
to do those things that provided them with income. As it is, their continued
staying alive is dependent on their sons and aughters, who are either working
or trading. But with the uncontrolling cost of essential good far beyond the
reach of the ordinary worker, how can these parents survive while depending

on their sons and daughters? The number of old people who depend on pension
scheme is not more than 2 per cent. There is no provision for free health
care services for old people and pensioners.

72



JPRS*SSA*85~113
15 November 1985

NIGERIA

LACK OF RAW MATERIALS THREATEN TRUCK PLANT CLOSURE
Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 29 Sep 85 p 24
[Article by Yakubu Attah]

[Text] Steyr Nigeria Limited, one of Nigerip' putomobile plant, charged with
the assembling of heavy-duty vehicles and agricultural tractors, faces the
threat of temporary closure due to inadequate raw materials.

Hints of the impending closure were revealed last week by Mr. Anton Rattinger,
Managing Director of the company, in an exclusive interview with the SUNDAY
TRIUMPH in his office.

He disclosed that the six-year-old plant had recorded huge financial deficits
since it went into production, a factor that has resulted in the underutiliza-
tion of its production capacity.

"Of 8,000 trucks of varying models and 5,000 agricultural tractors expected to
roll out of the company's factory yearly, barely 7,000 trucks and 5,000 trac-
tors have been produced in the last six years", he revealed.

Even though the company is capable of assembling light commercial vekicle and
four-seater cars, Mr. Rattinger lamented that because of the protracted raw ma—
terial difficulties, only the 6.90 trucks were rolling off the assembly line
as of now.

Contending that the company can very effectively conserve enough foreign exchange
for the Federal Government, he appealed to the authorities to reconsider his
firm's application for import licence.

These problems have not only hindered diversification in production but also
delayed approval by the company's management to implement a proposal for
building commercial buses with 6.90 truck chasis, the managing director re-
vealed.

Besides these, the SUNDAY TRIUMPH also learnt that a decision to raise the com-
pany's share capital to 30 million Naira was still awaiting the approval of the
Federal Government which has 35 per cent equity shares in the venture.

CSO: 3400/228

78

|



Extent of Nation's Coal Deposits Nearly 30 Billion

(Richard Hosier; SADCC ENERGY, May-Jul 85) ...eeeeeeeeee 156
Nation Cuts Oil Imports, Buys More Railway Equipment,
Manufactures
(SADCC ENERGY, May-Jul 85) .evcceccvccvccccecesceveceees 159



“I always said the crunch f
would come in October or No-
vember. It’s arrived,” says Ina
Perlman. !

“Retrenchment, severance
pay, a few months’ unemploy-
ment benefits, and then disaster
as families in the country stop.
receiving any money.”

Operation Hunger
got R7-million last
year, through the in-
tervention of con-
cerned business or-
ganisations, the
public and the
American Govern- |
ment. i

An awful lot of |
money.

But 652000 is an
awful lot of peo Ne:
who need to be fed

. + every month. i
And unless that money contin-
ues to be raised, many of them —
mostly children — will simply
le.
Donations can be sent to
Operation Hunger, PO Box
32257, Braamfontein 2017.

CsO: 3400/242

106



JPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

NIGERIA

EFFECTS OF RICE BAN

Rice Prices Skyrocket in Lagos

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 3 Oct 85 p 21

[Text] Barely 48 hours after President Babangida's statement banning the im-
portation of rice and maize into the country, the price of rice has escalated in
most Lagos markets.

Consumers who were still rejoicing at the recent lull in the market prices of
scarce commodities received a rude shock yesterday after discovering that a cup
of long grain rice now costs 50k instead of 25k while a tin of rice costs N65
and a 50-kilo bag now sells for 8280.

Market sellers attributed the present high prices to the President's statement,
and that already middle men, quick to make profit had started creating an

artificial scarcity.

A DAILY TIMES investigation at Tejuosho market revealed that a bag of rice
sold for 8285, at Ikeja market N290, and Oke-Arin market, Lagos 4270.

Tongues have started wagging on what will be the case in the next few months
when the nation would have used up most of the imported quantity available.

A market woman who preferred to remain anonymous said "in few" months time
prices would go up to about 150-200 per cent unless something is done to curb
the price rise caused by the announcement."

Asked what could be done to remedy the situation, she said unless the govern-
ment can push out price controllers to monitor prices the masses would suf-

fer.

Price Escalation Continues

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 7 Oct 85 p 7

the President Ibrahim increasing at almost
[Text] me eUEL to the ban Babangida recently, 100 per cent dally.

posed
rtation of rice into the of the com- —_ according to a corres-
igerla, announced by modity has since been pondent, in Lagos a 100

76



@ Clarity on exactly where the political and socio-ec-
onomic future of black South Africans lies.

A single equal education system for all.

Free trading rights for all with no strings attached.
e Asking the Government to note the business sec-
tor’s “concern” at the presence of the SADF in black
townships.

e@That the. Government lift the state of emergency as
soon as possible.

@ That the quality of life in the townships be substan-'

tially improved.

On a local level many businessmen and business
Jeaders are willing to say privately that they would
like to see local community leaders released from
detention. But few are willing to say so publicly.

The release of political detainees is a primary de-
mand of the boycott committees in the various cen-
tres.

“We have raised the issue of these people being
released, but have been told there is no chance at
all,” one Port Elizabeth businessman said.

In East London the spokesman for the local Cham-
ber of Commerce, Mr Robert Allison, said a delega-
tion of business leaders was to seek an urgent meet-
ing with Government to press various demands which
had not yet been settled.

While Mr Allison was not specific about which de-
mands had yet to be settled, he did say all the local
issues had been dealt with “weeks ago”.

What still remains is the release of detainees and

political prisoners and the question of the state of

emergency.
The ball is firmly in the Government’s court and
any further action to help ease the plight of white

business in the. Eastern Cape can only come from-

Pretoria.

In an apparent attempt to pacify white business
demands for Government ‘action in the region, Dr
Dawie de Villiers, Minister of Trade and Industry,
visited Port Elizabeth last week to meet a delegation
of local businessmen.

While all parties emerged from the brief discus-
sions speaking in terms of “frank and open talks” and

“we now all have a better understanding of the situa-
tion”, it was apparent the Government had not given
an inch.

The bottom line was that white business would get
no relief, financial or otherwise.

POLITICAL MATTER

Traders and businessmen in the region are aware
that the situation is, to a large extent, out of their,
hands.

“It is not really the local issues which are impor-
tant. It is a political matter and there is nothing we
can do about that,” a Queenstown businessman, Mr
AS du Plessis, said.

Grahamstown businessman Mr Steve Birt said ne-
gotiations there to end the boycott could succeed, but
that “national complaints” such as detentions: and the.
state of emergency complicated matters.

cso: 3400/250 .

Business spokesmen in general are happy to be-
lieve the national political issues are a stumbling
block and that they need to increase pressure on the
Government to do something about them.

The Government, however, is unwilling to be seen
to be making concessions to organisations such as the
United Democratic Front, who can take much of the
credit for the success of the consumer boycotts.

b Meanwhile, white business sits in the middle and
leeds... :

102



/9312
cso:

leader of the ANC on
these aspects of the revol-
utionary struggle in
banned publications.

He said revolutions did

not really take place
spontaneously and revol-
utionaries usually adher-
ed to a pattern of behav-
jour known as revolution-
ary strategy. This was the
case in all recent revol-
utions.

The main elements of
such a strategy were:

@ the creation of an
ideology;

@ the creation of suit-
able organisations which
would help spread the
ideology and undertake
other tasks;

@ the actions ‘which
would discredit and de-
stroy the existing poli-
tican system by, for in-
stance, breaking down
support for it;

© action to build sup-
port for a new political
system;

3400/251

87

©@ the creation of a cli-
mate in which violence
was acceptable to the
people in that they saw it
as morally acceptable and
therefore were prepared
to take part in one form
or another; and

@ the use of violence
stimulated the morale of
frustrated and dissatisfied
people. However, if the
security forces had an ef-
ficient system, the users
of violence would expose
themselves to punish-
ment.

Mr De Vries said this
situation could lead to the
creation of secret organi-
sations which used viol-
ence. Because such an of-
ganisation acted secretly,
it was difficult for them to
undertake the tas
ideological poli
mobilisation and making
the people accept viol-
ence.



reassuring all concerned that he will not embark
on any campaign of retribution. The number of
casualties is minimal.

The former head of state, Maj.-Gen. Buhari, has
been compulsorily retired, together with Maj.-Gen.
Tunde Idiagbon and some 40 other officers, includ-
ing Buhari’s former ADC, Maj. M.A. Jokolo, the
son of the Emir of Gwandu. The fate of Brig.
Mohammed Magoro, former internal affairs minis-
ter, has not been mentioned, but he is said to be
under arrest.

Brig. Salihu Ibrahim, who commanded the 3rd
Armoured Division in Jos, (AC Vol 26 No 18) is
director of the army faculty at the Staff College,
Jaji, an important post but one where he is unable
to act on his own. Brig. Malami Nassarawa, the
former army adjutant general, now commands the
Army School of Infantry. Brig. Sunday Adenihun,
who fell victim to an army row a few months ago
and was sent as defence adviser to Zimbabwe (AC
Vol 26 No 13), has been brought back and appointed
director of the Joint Service Command and Staff
College, Jaji. Brig. $.O. Ifere, the former Nigerian

defence adviser in Britain, has been made army
quartermaster general. All the divisions have new
commanders, and Maj. Gen. Abacha, the chief of
army staff, who played a key role in Babangida’s
coup, is touring the country, holding closed door
meetings with all the new military appointees.

There has been a similar thorough reshuffle among

. the top brass of the navy, which is assuming a new
importance. The airforce is also being reorganised.
Of the 19 state governors, those who have lost their
governorships have all been reassigned to military
posts with the exception of Commodore Bamidele
Otiko, former governor of Ondo state, despite his
immediate pledge of loyalty to the new government
after the coup. Babangida also dealt gently with the
civilians. Buhari’s outgoing ministers were publicly
thanked at a farewell dinner and ‘assured that their
valuable services would be remembered.

The all-round reconciliation has been demonstra-
ted by the re-employment of officials from previous
administrations, including Ukpabi Asika, governor
of East Central state after the civil war. He is
head of a diplomatic mission that has been sent to
President Hissein Habré in Chad. Further batches
of detainees have been released and, in some cases,
greeted with joy by members of the administration
which detained them. An interesting example is that
of Alhaji Tukur, former manager of the Nigerian
Ports Authority and one-time governor of Gongola.
He was warmly congratulated on his deliverance
by Maj. Gen. Jega, a more recent ex-governor of
Gongola.

55



Fuelwood situation
in Mozambique
by province

Satisfactory
Less satisfactory
Deficit foreseen
z74 Scarcity

Crisis

CSO: 3400/237

51



The engineering office, which assumes responsibility for the construction and
maintenance of roads, bridges, railroads, microwave facilities and drinking
water supplies for the people, fulfilled its work plans for the half year, as
well as carrying out other projects outside the plan.

Finally, the provincial ATM office, which engages in the purchase of transport
equipment and the sale of support equipment to the offices under its
jurisdiction, provides above all productive and technical aid for equipment,
rolling and stationary stock.

Working with a labor force estimated at 109, the activity plans were not

fulfilled due to the lack of long-range transport vehicles and trained cadres
for the economic and official sectors.

5157
cso: 3442/9

13



JPRS*SSA*85+113
15 November 1985

LIBERIA

BRIEFS

POSTAL MINISTER COMMISSIONED ARMY MAJOR--Postal Affairs Minister Dr. John
Kolleh has been commissioned Major in the Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL), a
Defense Ministry release issued here yesterday said. The Acting Director of
Staff, AFL, Col. Mack Kollie who performed the ceremony on behalf of the
Chief of Staff, Lt. Gen. Henry S. Dubar, challenged Major Kollie to wear his
rank with dignity and pride, so as to uphold the confidence reposed in him

by the Head of State. In remarks, Major Kollie thanked authorities of the
Ministry of Defense for the honor, and promised to perform his duty in keeping
with his oath, the released added. [Text] [Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English

8 Oct 85 p 32

19274
cso: 3400/262

42



THOUSANDS OF HECTARESOF HIGH FORESTS IN GRAVE DANGER

Luanda SADCC ENERGY in English May-Jun 85 pp 73, 74, 75, 78

[Article by Barry Munslow]

[Text]

JPRS*SSA*85~*113
15 November 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

We begin by focusing on existing energy demand by sector, establishing the base case
for the year 1980; then. we demonstrate how this demand will grow to the year 2000 on a

business-as-usual basis assuming no governmental intervention. By establishing existing
demand we isolate the quantity of energy required to guarantee the continued operation
of the economy and domestic spheres.

As we see from Table 1, domestic con-
sumption accounts for 76.4 per cent of
Mozambique’s total energy consumption.
Industry is by far the second most impor-
tant sector followed by transport, and fi-
nally agriculture and commercial/institu-
tional which each account for about the
same share.

TABLE |

ENERGY DEMAND BY SECTOR FOR 1980

i (percentages shares)

Urban household 32
Rural household B2
Agriculture 13
Industry 16.6
Commereis 14
‘Transpor .. 43

Total 100.0

If we go on to examine consumption by
fuel source, then again, one category is
overwhelmingly dominant — wood. This
accounted for more than three-quarters of
total energy consumption in 1980. Nearly
all of the fuelwood is consumed in the ru-
ral household sector and this sector also
consumes the second most important fuel
source used, dung and crop residue. In-
dustry and the urban household sector
consume most of the third most important
fuel source, charcoal. Next come various
oil products, coal and electricity, used
mainly in industry, agriculture, transport
and commerce.

DOMESTIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION

It is clear from the national energy bal-
ance that domestic energy consumption
has the biggest share of total consump-
tion. This, indeed, should not be surpris-
ing, given the basic need for people to eat
cooked food, keep warm on winter nights
and given the importance of heating water
for cleanliness and hygiene. All these basic
needs that people share require energy in
the household. Guaranteeing the supply of
energy to the people must therefore rank
as a high priority for government plan-
ners.

In the past, too little thought was given
to this area because it was one that did not
appear on any commercial balance sheet.

TABLE 2

END USE FUEL CONSUMPTION FOR 1980
(percentage shares)”

Wood fuel
Charcoal
Dung/Residue ..
Industriat
Gasoline
Kerosene
Diesel
Aviation fuet

100.0

46



those who use them pay for them. There is no justification why we should throw
open our roads to motorists without collecting tolls.

We cannot provide every section of this country with good roads nor maintain the
existing road without collecting tolls on our highways. We should examine as-
pects of pricing, control, distributorship, locations, group or individual
interests, taxation, transportation, inspection by government agencies, availa-
bility and the consuming public and this would be done by an intensive one or
two weeks workshop involving every sector of the economy.

House W30.00 «ne room
Food 0.0
Clothing/washing 10.00
Hospitality 19.00
Transport 25.00
Newspaper -

Family commitment -
Insurance -
Town's union dues and

society 4,00
M@us@ Hold property

Electric Bill 5.00

TO BE CONTINUED

cso: 3400/229

75



elected secretary-general at Moro-:
goro in 1969. ‘

Nzo’s colleague, Thomas Nkobi,’
the treasurer-general, was born in
Johannesburg in 1922. He matricu- |
lated at the Bantu High School in
Newelare and attended the first |
year of the BA course at Roma Col- |
lege in what was then Basutoland.
He worked as a laboratory assistant
and lived in Alexandra. He joined
the ANC earlier than Nzo but like:
him rose to high office as a result of
his role in the 1957 bus boycott. That
year he became the ANC’s national
organising secretary. Born a Roman
Catholic, the son of an Alexandra
businessman, he was politically in-
spired by the veteran communist
leaders JB Marks and Moses Ko-
tane (the latter also lived for a spell
in Alexandra).

Placed under house arrest in 1963
he fled the country in April that
year. In 1968 he was appointed dep-
uty treasurer of the exile movement
and increasingly took over the
duties of treasurer-general from
Moses Kotane, by then a very sick
man.

The remaining ‘re-elected NEC
members can be split into three.
groups: the working class politicians :
of the pre-1960 period, the soldiers,
and the exile administrators and.
diplomats. The first group com-
prises a fairly coherent body of peo-
ple whose early organisational ex-
perience was gained through the
trade union movement and/or the
Communist Party.

They include: Steven Dhlamini,
born in 1913, textile worker and
Durban trade unionist, on the Natal
executive of the ANC at the time of
his first banning in 1953, chairman
of the Durban committee of the
South African Congress of Trade
Unions (SACTU) in 1955, organising
secretary of the Natal ANC in 1956,
involved in setting up a plantation
workers’ union in 1962, detained for
150 days in 1963, convicted for invol-
vement with the ANC in 1964, the
following six years on Robben Is-
land, elected in absentia president
of SACTU in 1967, released in 1971
and confined to a rural area, left:
South Africa in 1976 to assume of-
fice in SACTU. :

John Gaetsewe, currently SACTU -
general secretary and in the 1950s
the Johannesburg-based leader of

3400/241

cso:

the African Laundry, Cleaning and
Dyeing Workers’ Union, in exile
from mid-1960s after a prison term
and house arrest. Moses Mabhide,”
member of the ANC NEC since 1969
and successor to Moses’ Kotané as
SACP general secretary, an impor-
‘tant Natal trade unionist during the’

1923 near Port Elizabeth” into a
‘working-class coloured family. In
1938 he joined the left-wing Nation-
al Liberation League. He worked in
a shoe factory during the Second
‘World War and became active as a
trade unionist. In 1951 he helped to
found and served as secretary to the
Franchise Action Council and in this
capacity organised a most success-
ful general strike of coloured work-
ers in protest against the withdraw-
al of the coloured common roll vote.
After a period overseas he was
placed on trial for treason from
1956, and jailed in 1961 for his role
in organising the general stayaway
| of that year, He went into exile in
1963.

Joe Slovo, next to Tambo, is the
best known in South Africa of the
exiled leaders. He was, born in Luth-
uania in 1926 but his parents emi-
grated to South Africa while he was
still a boy. The family was -poor
with the father working as a truck
driver. He served in the Western
Desert during the war and on re-
turning to Johannesburg, despite
having left school before matricula-
tion, managed to graduate as the
best Witwatersrand LLB of his
year’s intake. He had joined the
Communist Party in about 1940 and
by 1946 was a branch secretary. In,
1949 he married Ruth First, one of
the most important South African
intellectuals of her generation, who
iwas killed by a parcel bomb in Ma-
puto in 1982,

' 1950s who worked closely with Chief |

Albert Lutuli, the ANC president at
that time, in exile since 1961, more
recently ANC’ representative in
Swaziland.

Among the freshly elected NEC
members Ruth Mompati, Reg Sep-
tember and Joe Slovo represent the
old guard from the 1950s. Ruth
Mompati (nee Matseoane) was an
important women’s organiser dur-
ling the 1950s holding office both in
the ANC Women’s League and in the

137

Federation of South African
Women. She also worked in the
Tambo and Mandela legal firm. She
was banned in 1962. Reg September,
whom Ruth Mompati succeed as
London representative, Was born in

In 1955 Slovo helped to draft the
Freedom Charter though a restric-
tion order prevented him from at-
tending its public presentation at’
the Congress of the People. A mem-
jber of the illegal SACP from its re-
constitution in 1963 he was also one
of the founders of Umkhonto we
Sizwe.

He left South Africa one month
before the arrests of his fellow
members of the National High Com-
mand at Rivonia. In 1977 he moved
to Maputo which remained his base
until 1984. His formal position is
that of chief of staff of Umkhonto
and he has served on the ANC’s rev-
olutionary council from 1969.



Siemens gradually rehire the dismissed workers, except for a solid core of 14
ringleaders.

Volkswagen, after Siemens the largest German employer in the apartheid state
and with its production right in the middle of the politically hot region
surrounding Port Elizabeth, also had to endure a strike in July. Some of the
Black shop stewards, who were elected by the work force as union negotiators,
were picked up in their townships by police for questioning before the start
of work. Large parts of the work force subsequently laid down their work in

protest.

The attempt by militant political groups to take their activities against the
Botha regime into the branches of multinational firms is presenting the shop
stewards with difficult problems. They are indeed generally at pains to keep
violent rioting away from their plants through cautious cooperation with the
plant managers. On the other hand, it is becoming increasingly impossible for
them to ignore the danger that they themselves could become the target of
attacks by radical Blacks as collaborators, should tension be heightened. One
outlet for draining off political pressure in the plants is the short-term
walkouts (stay-aways), which the plant managers, who are usually discretely
forewarned, allow to pass by without disciplinary measures as a sort of higher

violence.

At this point, no one has a better formula than the strategy of somehow
maneuvering through in hopes of calmer days. Even managers with decades of
experience in South Africa shrug helplessly when asked about further
developments. Not one of the German firms active in South Africa is thinking
about pulling out yet, at least not openly. At a gathering of representatives
of firms involved in South Africa held last week at the Federal Association of
German Industry (BDI) in Cologne, the sensitive topic of disinvestment was
taboo. The companies could also hardly waver in this position because of the
U.S. sanctions imposed by Ronald Reagan over the weekend, especially since
Bonn wants to continue holding back on conerete demands directed at the

economy.

It is true that the FRG, which with direct investments of over DM 2 billion,
283 company branches and the employer of nearly 50,000 people is after the
United States and Great Britain the third largest foreign economic factor in
South Africa, is being viewed with particular criticism in the worldwide
protest against segregation. And yet unlike in America, where black
organizations and the churches in particular are forcefully pressing the
government to action, public pressure in the FRG has thus far been held within
moderate limits. The small group of Protestant women who year after year lend
color to the general meeting of Dresdner Bank with their protest against
segregation was scarcely able to draw a notably large crowd this time, despite
the timeliness of the topic. The second largest German credit institution had
been kicked out of its position as the bank for the World Council of Churches
in Geneva in 1981 because of its financial ties to South Africa.

Even in the labor unions, the advocates of severe sanctions all the way up to

a total pullout by German industry have up to now remained a minority. The
fact that the line between hard-liners and pragmatists nevertheless even runs

130



JPRS*SSA+85~113
15 November 1985

ANGOLA

FOOD SUPPLIES FOR HUILA PEOPLE IMPROVED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 15 Sep 85 p 3

[Text] Lubango--Supplies of foodstuffs for the population of the province of
Huila improved substantially during the first half of this year, the report
submitted by the provincial commissariat to the 16th Session of the Provincial
People's Assembly stated.

During the period in question, the supplies of rice, beans, corn meal, oil,
fat, powdered milk, canned fruit and fruit bars made available were
satisfactory, while there was a limited capacity on the part of the suppliers
to provide dried fish, salt and sugar, although these continued to be the
products most sought by the rural population.

The report further said that in connection with the new supply system launched
in March, which has now been extended to the municipalities of Lubango, Chibia
and Humpata, while the prerequisites for its implementation are being
established in Quipungo and Matala, a whole series of difficulties has been
encountered, ranging from a limited range of goods, making planning difficult,
to delays on the part of the work centers in the drafting of the lists of
their workers or changes of domicile, because of factual errors in the
reports.

In the marketing sector, although considerable improvement was seen in the
rural zones, the goals set were not achieved due to the low level of goods
deliveries, or the fact that they sometimes did not meet the real needs of the
peasant population. In addition, irregular rainfall, apart from hindering
production, blocked access routes, making the speedy shipment of products out
of the municipalities difficult.

The sales made to the peasants in connection with cattle purchases were
estimated at about 8,887,000 kwanzas, while for farm products, mainly fruit,
they came to more than 70,852,350 kwanzas, in exchange for purchases made
totaling approximately 54,395,000 kwanzas.

The marketing prospects for the balance of this year are not very encouraging,
because of the small grain harvests in the province this year, apart from the
fact that the supply of goods, packaging for shipping potatoes and other fresh
products are not as yet assured.

5157
cso: 3442/5



latest erosion of the rand has put them in a particularly unpleasant
situation.

The situation in the overcrowded automobile market in particular has, in the
view of German investors, become threateningly worse. The number of licenses
fell in the first half of 1985 by 35 percent in comparison to the same period
last year. Practically no one in this branch of industry is making any money
any more because of the struggle for a share of the market, resulting in price
reductions of up to 30 percent. In order to somehow get by, BMW closed its
plant in Rosslyn, near Pretoria, for 5 weeks beginning 6 September.

Even stiffer is the competition below the luxury class of automobiles. To the
benefit of the Japanese in particular, the Volkwagen market share, which was
once 25 percent, has landed at about 15 percent after a historic low of 9
percent. Should German companies some day decide to pull out, it will
searcely be out of political, but rather out of purely economic reasons.

12271
cso: 3420/1

132



African-backed terrorist bands to the west
of the Pungue River stopping fuelwod
supplies from that part of the province,
greater pressure can be expected on exis-
ting supplies east of the Pungue.

Even in a well-forested area such as
Niassa Province, where the urban popula-
tion is small, there is a charcoal and fuel-
wood shortage in the provincial capital of
Lichinga. This is generally the result of the
other fuel crisis, whereby petrol and diesel
as well as every form of transport is in
shori supply, makinng it difficult to bring
the fuel in from the not-too-distant woo-
ded areas.

We can turn now to examine the ‘ecolo-
gical breakdown’ of the country in rela-
tion to its wood resources. Table 4 pro-
vides a national breakdown into thirteen
types of areas of natural woody vegeta-
tion. To clarify certain categories in the ta-
ble: 5 and 11 refer to areas within the na-
tional parks; 4 refers to mangroves. Once
again a word of caution must be sounded
about the accuracy of the statistics as these
are based largely on a visual interpretation
of Landsat satellite imagery giving the si-
tuation in 1973. Account was then taken
of degradation rates and deforestation in
the intervening period to arrive at an esti-
mate for 1980. The greatest surface area
of the country is covered by open forest
(categories 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 in the table)
and the most common dominant genera
and species are Brachystegia, Strychnos
and Combretaceae, Albizia, Trichilia-Scle-
rocarya-Uapaca, Colophospermum mopa-
ne. Shrub formations account for a third
of the total area.

One-fifth to one-quarter of the closed
forests arid woodlands have had their
physiognomy changed over the previous
decade. This has been the combined result
of clearing for agriculture and over-
exploitation. According to Table 4, this
would result, say, in a transfer from cate-
gory 3 to category 8..Every year 5,000 hec-
tares of productive woodlands are assu-
med to become unproductive, and an ad-
ditional 40,000 hectares are converted to
permanent agriculture or woodland fal-
low. Agriculture encroaches into the shrub
areas and also takes over an estimated
70,000 hectares of ‘unproductive’ woo-
dlands every year. These, it must be stres-
sed, are only estimates. But those wor
kingg on the ground feel that the situation

could be even more serious than these fi-
gures might suggest.

Another recent (FAO) forestry study in
Mozambique, not concerned essentially
with fuelwood but with commercial
timber resources, estimated that 71 per
cent of the territory had a natural forest
potential. Of this, 6 per cent was of high
to medium potential, 19 per cent of me-
dium to low potential and 46 per cent of
mixed livestock and farming forest land.
Estimates for the stock of wood were gi-
ven as follows:

Source: J. Malleux, Evaluacion de los Recursos Forestales de ta
Republica Popular De Mozambique, FAO, Rome, 1981.

This study confirmed that previously
the country’s forest resources were much
more valuable and important, but that ir-

rational exploitation and slash-and-burn
agricultural measures have seriously deple-
ted resources. It goes on to warn that
600,000 hectares of high forest are in
grave danger of disappearing in the short
term if a strict system of control is not in-
troduced. The trends are clearly apparent;
in certain provinces a fuel crisis is impend-
ing and this can only be averted by a con-
certed programme of conservation and re-
forestation. .

According to the computer projections,
fuelwood consumption of 13.2 million
tons in 1980 will have grown by 64 per
cent in the year 2000 to 21.7 million tons.
Wood for charcoal use will have increased
over the same period from 3.2 million tons
to 5.7 million tons. If a serious crisis is to
be averted then a concerted policy-making
effort will be required, given the dimin-
ishing stock of wood with existing levels of
demand. One of the manifestations of this
shortage is that what was once a free good
is rapidly becoming a cash commodity,
and its price is experiencing un upward
spiral. a

50



Economic Challenge, Impossibility of Making Ends Meet

(F. Charles Adigwe; DAILY TIMES, 4 Oct 85) ..sseeeeeeees 72
Effects of Rice Ban

(DAILY TIMES, 3 Oct 85; THE TRIUMPH, 7 Oct 85) veceeeeee 76

Rice Prices Skyrocket in Lagos 76

Price Escalation Continues 76

Lack of Raw Materials Threaten Truck Plant Closure
(Yakubu Attah; SUNDAY TRIUMPH, 29 Sep 85) weceeveeveeees 78

High Tech Polypropylene Company Opens
(NEW NIGERIAN, 30 Sep 85) scseecesecrcecccsceveeecececes 79

SOUTH AFRICA

Treurnicht on Conservative Party's Viewpoint on Reforms
(THE STAR, 14 Oct 85) .....

tee e eee e cece eee eee eenee 80

State Claims UDF ‘Front' for ANC Activities
(THE CITIZEN, 22 Oct 85) wcvcccceecccctceseeecescceceees 82

Witness Describes ANC Farming, Engineering Camps
(THE CITIZEN, 23 Oct 85) .csscevececcccccceseveererceees 84

Political Scientist Says ANC Needs Support of Public To Exist
(THE CITIZEN, 23 Oct 85) .csseceeeeccececvcceveceseceres 86

Witness Trained by ANC in Angola, Soviet Union
(THE CITIZEN, 17 Oct 85) seceseeeeceeceveccsceeceerecees 88

Economist Challenges Treurnicht's Views on Ending Unrest
(R. W. Bethlehem; BUSINESS DAY, 9 Oct 85) ..seeseeeeeeee 91

Commentator Notices Silent Cry From White Community
(Aggrey Klaaste; SOWETAN, 14 Oct 85) weesceeceecreevceee 94

HSRC Report Says Nation's Religious Groups Polarized
(SOWETAN, 14 Oct 85) wecccvecccceeccceeensseesescesences 97

AWB Wants Afrikaans Homeland in North Natal, Free State
(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 21 Oct 85) wssscececeoeee 98

Commentary Reveals Dismay at Government's Inconsistency
(SOWETAN, 9 Oct 85) seccveececercrerccevenrscesserserees 99

Eastern Cape Business Communities Make Demands on Government
(Gary van Staden; THE STAR, 8 Oct 85) .sceeeceeceencsere 101

NRP Reeling From Effects of Defections to NP
(THE CITIZEN, 21 Oct 85) ..scccecceececceeeees

-d-

103



2) The feasibility of establishing an aramonia-from-coal plant vie gasification is
recommended,

"1

Coal for Rural Domesti ie!

J} In view of the high rate of deforestation in Zimbaby
over a qua: of the total energy consumed, examinati:
use of coal in rural areas should be made.

2) Manufecture of char-coal briquettes for domestic.use bS examined.

as fuelwood constitutes
n of ihe’ substitution and

Enport substitution
The possibility of substituting imported coal aad coke
be sxernined ia the light of probable for

ligenous Jow:.sul-
1g cuisrency ‘savings.

Coal for Export ; ;

1) Pos: ies for fuiure coal exports ‘should continue to be. examinéd-in_ the
light of demand and price fluctuations, ond develoy t of Mozambiqu’s port fa-
cil £ . : “bigs

Exporis ie SA. possible. i" eee al
Bi

C80: 3400/238

158



JPRS*SSA*854113
5 November 1985

NIGERIA

ROLE OF FOREIGN COMPANIES EXAMINED, NATIONALIZATION CALLED FOR
Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 29 Sep 85 p 4
[Article by Tunde Fatunde]

[Text] Nigeria became independent on October 1, 1960, twenty five years ago.
This is an important occasion to examine the activities of foreign companies and
at the same time to suggest to the government and our people what should be

our attitude to the presence of these foreign companies.

The major foreign companies in Nigeria are from Britain, West Germany, United
States of America, France, Japan and Italy. These companies belong to power-
ful private businessmen who are citizens of those countries named above. The
activities of these companies can be divided into three main historical periods:

--From 1500-1845. These companies came to Africa to look for slaves because Af-
rican slaves were needed to work in colonial plantations in United States,
Canada, South America, Central America and the West Indies.

These foreign companies were able to make friends with African traditional
rulers (Obas, Emirs and Chiefs) who were happy to sell them millions of Africans
as slaves. Obas, Emirs and Chiefs were given, as their rewards alcohol, gun
powder, coral beads, etc.

--1845-1960. These private companies stopped buying slaves from Africa because
their factories in Europe produced machines which replaced African slaves in the
colonial plantations of the Americas. These machines are more efficient than
the physical labour used by African slaves.

At the same time, these companies started looking for raw materials in Africa
for their industries. That is why, the African economies still produce mainly
raw materials like cotton, cocoa, coffee, sisal, timber, gold, palm oil, crude
oil (petrol), diamonds, uranium, etc.

--1960 to date. Even with independence, the Nigerian economy is still controlled
by these same foreign companies in order to satisfy the main interests of

these foreign businessmen. For the past fifteen years, these foreign companies
have even set up assembly plants only to assemble and not to produce cars, lor+
ries, engines etc.

67



JPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

ETHIOPIA

NATIONAL ACCOUNTS DATA-BASE DEVELOPMENT DISCUSSED
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 1 Oct 85 pp 1, 6

[Text] A 12-day workshop on national accounts and a seminar on data-base de-
velopment opened yesterday at the Economic Commission for Africa.

The workshop and seminar was opened by Mr. George M. Kimani, officer in
charge of the ECA and director joint ECA/UNIDO industry division, on behalf
of Professor Adebayo Adedeji, the Executive Secretary of the ECA.

Mr. Kimani said that over the last ten years, with the ever increasing demand
for statistical information for the preparation and evaluation of development
plans and projects, governments of the countries of the region had stressed

the necessity for having a more developed and reliable system of socio-economic
statistics and national accounts figures.

He said that at present, although many countries of the region compile national
accounts, the quality of these statistics is still far from satisfactory to be
of adequate use for analysis and planning. "This is due not to the lack of
many basic essential statistics but also to the great shortage of staff trained
in this field," he added.

Governments have recognized the great importance of data-banks in the dissemina-
tion of economic and social statistics, said Mr. Kimani adding that the develop-
ment of modern information technology, the use of data-base management systems
and the progress in telecommunications have all enabled data-banks to develop.

National statistical services need to exploit the new technology both to assist
the compilers of statistics to do their job and to make their data available
to users more directly and more effectively, he said. (ENA)

cso: 3400/245

22



levies, Jangali, haraji,
medical, school and even
social fees in most states of
the federation?

T have always shought
that the business of the left-

wing elements in any’ society

It should never be the
conoem of the left to help ot
assist the bourgeoisie in
building capitalism. in this
country, in the name of re-
viving the very economy
they have plundered
through thieving and open-
ing of our floodgates to-in--
ternational capitalism and
finance capital.

Let us review their argu-
ments against the laon. Be-
ginning with devaluation of
the Naira, they argue that it
would cause inflation and
reduce the purchasing pow-
er of the Naira, thereby in-
creasing the sifering of the

Similarly, they argue that
the removal of the pet-
roleum subsidy as required
by the IMF will-lead to in~
crease in transport -fares
which will invariably affect
the cost of goods and ser-
vices. The low income
groups are.seen as she wurst
likely to be affected.

The fares of taxis or
‘molue’ will escalate out of
the reach of the masses if for
instance 40K per drop rises

On the question of liber-
alization of trade, it is said
that our local industries will
suffer the most because
their products cannot com-
pete favourably with im-
ported ones. Hence, they
are likely to fold up and this

CSO: 3400/229

will mean hundreds of
thousands will be thrown
out of their jobs.

Agreed, all thie above re-

ions are likely to
happen should Nigeria
accept the loan. But so
what?

At least from our studies
of the history of those
societies in which socialist
revolutions took place, we
all know that a revolution
cannot take place without
the necessary revolutionary
conditions of climate.

And one of the necessary
conditions is that of the de-
terioration of the living
standard of the middle class
thereby highlighting the
material _ contradictions
among and between the
classes. However, this is not
to suggest that anywhere
thaf happens, there will be a
revolution. But there can-
not be a revolution without
that because it is the middle
class out of their subjective
interest that provide the
leadership for the revolu-
tion,

Another necessary condi-
tion is that the living stan-

dard of the masses nas to
further deteriorate as a re-
sult of the massive exploita-
tion and oppresive nature of
the system under the politic-
al superstructure of neo-
fascism. Of course, there
ate other conditions that
have to germinate to trigger
a revolution. One can say
that these conditions are
already in existence, say, in
Sudan, Ghana, Brazil,
Zaire, Malawi and other
third worid countries that
obtained the IMF loan. But
this does not mean that be-
cause the existence of simi-
lar situations does not bring
arevolution in one country,
it will not fement a revolu-
tion elsewhere.

The point one is making is

that the left in this country
should, rather than kick
against the IMF loan, en-
dorse it. The government
should be encouraged to
obtain the loan under the
same conditionalities, if not
even harsher ones, to speed
up the revolution.

The argument that the
masses will suffer the most
is not acceptable because
they have been suffering all
their lives anyway and what
is required is further suffer-
ing for them to create room
for them to smash the neo-
colonial dependent struc-
tures. If the left are serious
about bringing a revolution
in Nigeria, they now have a
unique opportunity of at
least instigating one. Mean-
while, they should be orga-
nised so that this opportun-

ity is not hijacked from
them.

The bottom line of our
argument is that the posi-
tion taken by the leading
members of the left on the
IMF debate is not only reac-
tionary but disappointing. If
the President of the Nige-
rian Stock Exchange could
warn that should the loan be
obtained “the government
can as well be prepared fora
revolution”, one wonders
what the Bala Usmans, Ola
Onis, Major Umars, Edwin
Madunagus and Balarabe
Musas are’ doing. So
together. lets accept the
monstrous loan to pave the
way for the much-awaited
Tevolution.

65



There can really only be
one answet: there must exist,
as has long been rumoured, a
failure of trust between the

Minister of Defence and the .
Minister of Foreign Affairs, °

That would explain Pik
Botha’s deep distress when
he was first shown two pages |
of the Renamo diaries. It
might explain why the State
President himself was un- |
able to clear up the matter |
until he had appointed a com-
mission of inquiry (a singu-

larly good one, incidentally, |

drawn from outside the exist-
ing military establishment)
to establish the facts.

Take the issue farther.
During the Rhodesian war,
the Americans sent CIA
agents to “volunteer” for the
Rhodesian armed forces so
that they ‘could remain in
touch with events there; pre-
sumably the British and the
French — and, for all one
knows, the East Germans —
did the same. .

Surely, they now have
agents working with Ren- :
amo? If so, they must have
known instantly of Mr Nel’s
secret visit, even if Frelimo
did not. And what would they
have thought of Pik Botha if
he flatly denied contact with
Renamo (not to speak of “hu-
manitarian aid” and military
radios) when they knew it
had taken place?

General Viljocn claimed
that the Renamo diaries
were part of a communist
campaign of disinformation ,
which wove untruths into the
true sections of the diaries.
‘As ¢ :amples of the truth in

the diaries he cited, for ex-
ample, the SAAF flights to
Gorongoza and the pre-Nko-
mati aid to Renamo.

‘As an example of the un-
truth he cited the story that
South Africa has a tunnel un-
der the border to supply Ren-
‘amo, a fantastic allegation
which is not, as it happens, in
the sections of the diaries
which have so far been made
public.

General Viljoen did, how-
ever, provide some illumina-
tion, if not corroboration, for
the message to Renamo al-
legedly conveyed by Colonel
Charles van Niekerk, of Mili-
tary Intelligence, rendered in
the diary as an assurance

* “that General Viljoen and his

CSO: 3400/241

“fellow-officers would resign

rather than fight Renamo.
At his Press conference
General Viljoen gave a dif-
ferent version: “I am not a
yes-man ... I would never
recommend to the Govern-
ment that we get involved
militarily in the internal con-

flict between Renamo and_

Frelimo.” ‘

Obstacle

Colonel van Niekerk, it is’

clear, did not snatch the
“message” from the alr. But.
neither are we dealing here
with the precision ol
guage that js the particular
skill of diplomats. Might
Renamo not be encouraged
in intransigénce by the re-
moval of uncertainty about
South Africa’s intentions?

General Viljoen drove
home the point with a ven-
geance during bis Press cot
ference when he said, for ex-
ample, that Renamo’s
secretary-general, Evo Fer-:
nandes, was an obstacle to
eace and that he should be
“cut out” of future talks, that,
he “would not even be ac=
ceptable to us”.

t’s hope that South Afri-'
ca’s interests never again de-
pend on the goodwill of Mr
Fernandes, or we might wish
that we had kept our ambi-
tious soldier-statesmen un-
der better supervision and
control. z

Jan-

141



113104
cso:

3400/302

made before his coup. But despite his decision to
give priority to education, he will do so only at
marginal cost to the military. Soldiers have had their
leave allowance cut by half, a sign that the AFRC
feels secure even at this early stage. But it will not
save enough. money to finance the free education
system which Babangida too envisages.

Having promised a political-programme for next
year, Babangida appears to be giving notice that he
is-here.to staye

58



"But," he stressed, "as we have all seen, the immediate and organized response
of the workers in the electrical and other economic and social sectors, who
have mobilized to cope with these situations, has revealed their capacity and
determination, thus canceling out the evil effects of the criminal actions by
the enemies of the Angolan people."

After voicing praise for the effort undertaken by the Angolan and Cuban
workers directly involved in the work of repairing the transmission lines and
the installation of the GTG [gas turbine set], Andre Petroff emphasized the
extraordinary results achieved in the effort to mobilize the intersectorial
human and material resources and the potential available in the country,
making it possible to install this second turbine in only 3 months, when it
took about a year for the preceding one.

In concluding his address, the productive sector secretary of the Central
Committee said that 1985 has been a year of great events of capital importance
for us and for the fate of our revolution. We held the national party
conference, the 8th Ministerial Conference of Nonaligned Countries, and we
have yet to hold the Second Party Congress and to commemorate the 10th
anniversary of the winning of our independence. The work will continue and
great responsibilities rest upon our shoulders. Within this context, the
sector responsible for distributing energy to the city should improve its
active capacity in order that we can continue to give our capital an aspect
worthy of the chief city in a country which is a firm bulwark of the
revolution in Africa.

5157
CSO: 3442/9

15



SECOM, PARTIES AGREE ON ELECTION MONITORING PROCEDURE

Monrovia FOOTPRINTS TODAY in English 11 Oct 85 pp 1, 10

[Text]

Representatives of the four political parties
will now stand at a distance of 15 feet from
the counting of the ballots instead of the 25
feet as previously announced by the Chairman
of the Special Elections Commission (SECOM) ,

Counsellor Emmett Harmon.

This agreement be-
tween SECOM and the
parties brought to an
end the controversial
issue when represen-
tatives of the Unity
Party (UP), the Libe-
ria Action — Party
ballots because, ad-
cording to them, it
is not part of the
Elections Law.

After the meeting,
the Chairman of UP,
Mr. Carlos W. Smith,
told our reporter
that the three par~ 1
ties accepted the
distance of 15 feet
“in good faith: be-
cause we want to
carry on with the
elections". .

Mr. Smith said spe- |

-cifications were made
in the Elections Law
which was promulgated
by SECOM ‘and sanc-
tioned by the defunct
People's Redemption

Council (PRC) that
parties should be
represented at the
counting of the bal-
lots, but it did not
say at what distance
they should be.

He noted that since
the Commission is
charged with the res-
ponsibility of con-
ducting the electoral
process, the respon-
sibility also lies
within its purview to
give an exact defini-
tion on the distance
referred to.

He noted that al-
though the parties
would have preferred
a distance of about
six feet away. from
the counting of the
ballots, "we have no
quarrel with the
official distance of
15 feet, but to agree"

In an answer to a
question, Mr. Smith

JPRS*SSA*85~*113
15 November 1985

LIBERIA



JPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

ZIMBABWE

TRADE, TRANSPORT DOMINATE PRE-SUMMIT ACP TALKS
Harare THE HERALD in English 18 Oct 85 p 7

[Text] Trade and transport and communications dominated discussions yesterday
at the start of the two-day meeting of African-Caribbean-Pacific experts to
prepare for next week's ACP ministerial summit in Harare.

The chairman of the ACP committee of ambassadors, Mr Zachee Mongo So'o, said
last night the experts were examining and discussing documents prepared by the
Brussels-based ACP secretariat on the six identified priority areas for
co~operation - trade, transport and communications, development finance, joint
ACP enterprises, technology know-how and transfer and educational, scientific
and cultural co-operation.

The aim was to identify possible solutions to obstacles preventing
co-operation in these areas and these would be presented to the second special
session of ACP ministers on intra-ACP co-operation next week.

The chairman of the intra-ACP sub-committee, Mr Joseph Nyagah said some of the
issues discussed during the session dealing with trade had included the need
for a trade data bank in Brussels to help distribute information about trade
opportunities and needs in member states, and the importance of encouraging
the formation of more sub-regional preferential trade areas such as the PTA.

In addition, it was believed that attention could be paid to ways in which the
trade ties between for example, Brazil and Nigeria could be used to help
Caribbean countires "plug into the West African market".

In all, he said, 18 recommendations on how trade could be promoted had been
formulated which would be presented to the minsiters next week.

The experts dealt with all aspects of transport yesterday afternoon and

evening and will deal with the other priority areas today before finalising
their recommendations.

/13104
CSO: 3400/296

152



JPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

NAMTBTA

RSA TENSIONS AFFECT ECONOMIES OF HOMELANDS AND NATION

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE in German 25 Sep 85 p 14

[Article by mh: "Neighboring States also Suffer under Pretoria Regime” /
Unemployment in Bophuthatswana / Namibia under Time Pressure]

[Text] Unrest in the Republic of South Africa also affects neighboring
regions such as the so-called homelands and the mandated territory of
Namibia, the former German colony of Southwest Africa. They are tied to
the controversial apartheid regime in Pretoria through monetary and
customs unions and must--involuntarily--share South Africa's fate.

Up to now, all is calm in the homelands, which gained their contested
independence from South Africa in the second half of the 1970's. But
economic effects are making themselves felt. The economics minister of
Bophuthatswana, Baptist Ephraim Keikelame, on his visit to the FRG
mentioned as the most serious consequences, rising unemployment due to
workers returning from South Africa, and the devaluation of the rand. The
country, formally independent since 1977, must rearrange its 1985-86
budget due to growing social burdens. Keikelame regretted that his country
is always mentioned in the same breath with South Africa, although they
have neither apartheid nor social or racial unrest. The economic
independence of Bophuthatswana, where about 6,000 Whites live among 1.6
million Blacks, is demonstrated by the fact that state bonds are
exclusively guaranteed by private banks and not by the South African
government. South Africa's contribution to the country's budget, still
around 70 percent in 1977, has dropped to only 4 percent. Ninety-six
percent are provided by their own country, the world's largest platinun
producer, among other things.

Keikelame shows concern about developments in South Africa. In a con~
versation with this newspaper, he said that it is not a matter of a
general confrontation between Blacks and Whites. Centuries-old tribal
differences had not disappeared. In addition to fighting Whites, the
tribes also continue to fight each other in South Africa. It is to be
feared that, in case of revolutionary changes in the government system,
the progress attained by the black population in recent years--and
especially in the homelands--would be wiped out. Economic sanctions

52

ee |



JPRS*SSA+85+113
15 November 1985

CAMEROON

BRIEFS

SWISS DEVELOPMENT LOAN--Two loan agreements involving the sum of about 11lbn
CFA francs were signed between Cameroon and Switzerland. The amount will be
used to finance development projects in priority sectors such as rural
development, communications infrastructure, water supply and energy resources.
[Text] [Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE JOURNAL in English Sep 85 p 26)

/13104
cso: 3400/301

18



boundaries of a fundamen-
tal order.

If this fundamental order.
is to contain the free inter-
play and competition be-)

ween political parties, and)
to gain the support of the;
people, it cannot simply be’
a formal instrument pre-
seribing structures and
procedures of government.

Ina very deep sense, and
for its ultimate legitimacy,
the fundamental order on
which a democracy rests,
whether in the form of a
written or unwritten consti-*
tution, should be the em-
bodiment of a complete
system of human values. - :

Stated more bluntly, a;
true democracy must have
as its foundation a system
of shared values and pro- |
tected freedoms. |

f
Once such a system is es-

tablished, it then becomes ,
ossible to construct on its
foundations a state edifice

with all the organisational ,
and functional safeguards
for the just and equitable
distribution and control of
powers, such as the inde-
pendence of the judiciary,
control of the executive and
legislature, a free party-
political life, free elections,

unfettered Press, curtail-
ment of emergency powers
and other measures for.
political advancement.
True democratic govern-
ment, because it is so emin-|
ently human, does not
always outwardly present
an unblemished, but com-
pletely false image of unas-
sailable rectitude which!
one finds in authoritarian
governments and dictator-

ships:
his is the reason why, in.
true democratic fashion,»
governments and Ministers
lo resign if it is proved that |
they have acted wrongly,
misled the voters or be-
trayed principles of democ-.!
racy.
However, democratic
government is not weak ,
government. Because it is

cso: 3400/241

embedded in a deeper nor-”
mative order of human val-
ues and freedoms, it is ex-
tremely resilient and
forcefit! when the basis of
«its existence is threatened.
People will fight and die for
their rights and freedoms, *
but will not be willing to
make the same sacrifices
to uphold an oppressive ré-

ime.

Looking at the develop-
ment in South Africa, one is :
afraid that, notwithstand-
ing many expressions of
democratic ideals and the

“actual existence of our rich
democratic heritage, it is
still to a large extent the
disbelievers and even de-
stroyers of democracy who
try to set the scene.

‘On the one hand there are
those who preach such ex-
cellent democratic princi-
ples such as human worth
and freedom of association,
but maintain that these
principles can only be
achieved in undemocratic
structures. On the other
hand, there are those who
allegedly champion the
cause of democracy, but in
actual fact destroy all the
bases on which democracy
can grow by their support
of violence, fear and op-
pression. .

How, then, is it possible
to build a future democracy
for South Africa and all its
peoples?

‘rst and-foremost, it is’

necessary to keep the
democratic ideal alive and,
through reforms and con-
stant processes of social
and economic upliftment,
make all the people realise
that they do possess a share
in the future of the country.

In this respect, the ac-
knowledgement of a com-
mon citizenship and univer-
sal suffrage is a milestone
on the road towards democ-
racy, Also, in the same
sense, the foreseen aboli-
tion of influx control is un-
questionably one of the
most constructive steps
that have been announced.

Sceonaiy, and even more
important than all the pre-
sent reforms, is the estab-
lishment of a fundamental
context within which politi-
cal change and reform can

fake place, What is needed
is infinitely more than the
declaration of good inten-
tions and general benevo-
lence.

It is the total commit-
ment to a set of fundamen-
tal rights and freedoms for
all South Africans, based on
shared values and Western
traditions, which will be the

uideline, and indeed the
inspiration, for all future
reform and constitutional
restructuring.

Thirdly, once the basic
frame of reference has
been drawn up, the actual
processes of negotiation
and political compromise
should be instituted, lead-
ing to the drafting and ac-
ceptance of a constitution
for all the people of South
Africa.

Looking at our common
values and traditions, our
institutions, our political
leadership and also at the
wide range of new perspec-
tives that have been opened
dramatically over the past
few years, one can conclude
that the prospects for de-
mocracy in South Africa do
indeed exist. :

And yet the steady pro--
gress towards democracy
will probably only fully

come under way once it is

finally realised by all that
the question in South Africa
is not whether we should
have majority rule or not,
but what kind of majority
tule we must work out to-
gether.

139



/9312
cso:

other work to do,

During his camp visits |
he had seen the accused |
but had not been intro-
duced to him.

Evidence earlier’ this ‘
week and at a previous :
hearing by a young’
woman who completed -
her schooling in Cuba ‘
under the auspices of the ;
banned ANC, and who.
then entered military |
training camps in differ- «
ent parts of Africa, was:
that she had known the
accused as the camp com-
mander of one of the
camps where she received
training and instruction.

3400/251

85



JPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

LIBERIA

PROFIT REPATRIATION BLAMED FOR ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 8 Oct 85 p 8
[Article by J. N. Elliott]

[Text] The failure of foreign banks operating in the country to invest their
profits locally is affecting the economy and the overall development of the
nation, the vice president of the International Trust Company (ITC), Mr. Edwin
Cooper, has disclosed.

Mr. Cooper, a Liberian did not exclude ITC, which is also foreign-owned.

He said the Liberian economy is present not on an even-footing because these
banks are transferring money abroad without investing their profits in the
country.

Speaking at programs marking the 54th gala-day anniversary of the Haywood In-
dustrial Mission school last Friday, Mr. Cooper said the flight of capital has
become so crucial that even the five-dollar Liberian coin is being used in
Sierra Leone, Ghana and Guinea, to transact business.

Mr. Cooper, an American-trained banker, told some 400 Haywood students who
had gathered on their Sinkor, Oldroad campus where the program was held, that
besides the flight of capital, these banks are also frustrating Liberian
businessmen by not allowing them to open letters of credit (LC). He did not
elaborate.

He however said the attitude of these banks has affected Liberian businessmen
to the extent that their private ventures are no longer profitable.

Mr. Cooper, who holds a Msc Degree in management from the University of Boston,
USA, then challenged students nationwide to pursue careers in business and
banking in order for the country to achieve economic dependence in the near
future.

In the speech he delivered as guest speaker at the program, Mr. Cooper spoke
on the theme: "Banking and how it affects students".

He was welcomed to the Haywood campus by the school's principal and director,
Reverend Leo Simpson.

39



TREURNICHT ON CONSERVATIVE PARTY'S VIEWPOINT ON REFORMS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 14 Oct 85 p 12

[Text]

The Conservative Party opposed the |
new Constitution because it deprives
the whites of our sovereign
Parliament ‘and our own
government. And it does not give
meaningful self-determination to
coloured people and Indians. It spells
a power struggle.

The National Party tried to
reconcile white self-determination .
with power-sharing by the coloured
community and Indians. The truth is
that power-sharing means power
shedding. To share power is to lose
power. That is what Mr P W Botha
has done to his own people; The loss
of political power means the loss of
everything else in the long run.

If one excluded the blacks from a
unitary system with whites, there
was no reason why Indians and the
coloured people should be included.
Now the logic of the wrong step
overtook Mr Botha. Somehow he has
to accommodate the blacks in his
unitary state.

Recent statements by Mr Botha
are: permanence of blacks in the
RSA; participation for blacks in
decision-making in the RSA up to the
highest level. Self-governing states
need not accept independence, they
remain part of the South African
nation and will be accommodated in
political structures in the RSA.

Mr Botha even negotiates with the
independent states to restore their
South African citizenship and to
make provision for ‘‘dual
citizenship”.

What are the implications? The
dual citizenship for blacks means.
political rights for those blacks in!
two states.

One black two votes! +

If, according to'Mr Heunis,
citizenship does not mean political
rights, what rights will blacks have;

in their national states, and why offer
them something which is worthless?
How confused and confusing can NP
speakers be!

If blacks receive equal rights with
whites in a unitary system, whites
will be outnumbered right from the
start. Less than five million whites,
‘swamped by 19 or 25 million blacks.
Whatever political tricks Mr Botha is
contemplating, the large numbers of

blacks in the same system will take
over eventually and reduce the
whites to a powerless minority.

Mr Botha considers restructuring
the President’s Council to include
blacks. 'If this council is to retain its
present functions, blacks will be able
to take a final legislation decision
over the white chamber if they were
to have proportional representation.
If the President's Council's functions
were to be restricted to mere
research and advice, without any
other representation of blacks
elsewhere in the system, it would
still mean. no political power to
blacks, injustice, dissatisfaction — to
put it mildly.

Mr Botha is clearly on the wrong
political track. In a unitary system
for disparate racial groups, clashes
and a power struggle between the
races are inevitable. No system of
consensus, veto or coalition bears
any guarantee for success. In the
long (even short) run, numbers will
decide the issue. In a unitary system
with proportional representation for
the disparate races, black majority
rule seems unavoidable.

That is totally unacceptable to us
whites. The alternative is partition.
We have made remarkable progress
in this regard over the last decades.

80

JPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



Mohammadu Buhari, probably an ancestor of the
former head of state. The Buharis immediately pro-
tested in a strongly-worded statement, conveyed ta
the Sultan’s palace by Ibrahim Dansuki, said to be
an aspirant to the throne. Dansuki also happens ta
be related by marriage to the former head of state,
Mohammed Buhari, and was chairman of an import-
ant committee appointed by Buhari last year to
investigate local government reforms. In this
capacity he emphasised the importance to govern-
ment of chiefs and traditional rulers (AC Vol 25 No
19), a fact which caused considerable uproar.

The new dispensation is not as favourable to chiefs
and religious leaders as its predecessors. In fact,
religion and education are becoming major head-
aches for the AFRC. After a conference of Nigerian
Catholic bishops last month, their president, Bishop
Gabriel Ganaka, called on Babangida to ensure the
continued existence of Nigeria as a secular state.
Christians in general have become more vocal. In
Ondo state, the Anglican bishop now plays a promi-
nent role, while the Muslims in Ogun have protested
to the new state governor over the non-inclusion of
any of them among the civilian commissioners. But
the military leadership is clamping down on religious
fervour of any kind. The Lagos state government
has banned preaching in residential premises as well
as controlling it in public, a move which has run
into some opposition. In Kaduna, a new government
directive forbids the building of mosques or churches
without written government permission. This order
is especially controversial because of the well-publici-
sed views of the state governor, Maj. Abubakar
Danjuma Umar (AC Vol 26 No 18).

Umar has denied a statement attributed to him in
which he specifically criticised the Kaduna mafia in
his comments about disruptive élites. The mafia’s
existence has been confirmed, however, by a former
Kaduna governor, Balarabe Musa, impeached under
the Shagari administration and detained without
being charged by Buhari. The mafia, he says is
a ‘‘very, very serious pressure group” which has
developed into a national phenomenon, ‘‘a Nigerian
bourgeois formation with a northern bias’’. It is a
factor which Babangida will certainly have to reckon
with.

Education is the. more immediate challenge. The
well-known educationalist and establishment critic,
Tai Solarin, said after his release from prison, where
he had been for 18 months without charge, that a
free education system was essential and could be
financed out of defence cuts. Babangida’s assertion
that those calling for defence cuts *‘cannot win” was

57



That is the course for the future.
European countries have been living
with the system for centuries, It.has
been justified in the East, Middle
East, Africa and elsewhere. Unless
we contemplate national suicide, this
will be the politics of the future.

CSO: 3400/242

81



JPRS+SSA*85+113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ATTITUDES OF BLACKS ON VIOLENCE DIVIDED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 14 Oct 85 p 8

{Text ]

Nearly half the blacks in South Africa belonging
to religious groups do not regard violence as ir-
reconcilable with their religious views.

This is the finding of a Human Sciences Re-
search Council (HSRC) report on religion in inter-
group relations. .

But it also found that there were those — in
religious communities — who regard violence as
permissible in maintaining the status quo and
suppressing revolt.

The report said that civil war in South Africa,
including the unthinkable prospect of followers of
the same religious tradition facing one another
from opposing camps, did not appear to be mere-
ly a theoretical possibility.

The report was released in Pretoria yesterday.

BRITISH EMPIRE

Its main finding was that while the common,
underlying values in religion were potentially the
strongest bridging factor between groups in the
country's “deeply segmented society”, in fact it
at present often played a “divisive, destructive”
role because particular groups’ interests were
served by specific churches at the expense of
other groups.

Examples in South African history of this were
the virtual integration of the British missionary
effort during the colonial period with the interests
of the British Empire, and the close similarity
between the religious values and attitudes advo-
cated by the Dutch Reformed Church and the

cso: 3400/243 .

basic philosophy underpinning the National
Party’s policy before and after it came into
power in 1948.

“The latest example of a close relationship be-
tween religious values and group interests is the
rise of black theology, where the ‘black cause’ is
interpreted in the light of the biblical motive of
liberation,” the report said. f

“An extreme example of polarisation is to he
found in attitudes regarding violence. Although
there are pacifist trends among religious groups,
it appears that 45 percent of the blacks do not
regard violence 4s irreconcilable with their reli-
gious views. . H

“Qn the one hand, there are those ‘who regatd
violence as pertnissable in maintaining the status
yuo and in the suppression of revolt.

“On the, other hand, there are those who feel
that religious movements could resort to violence
if there were no other means available to achieye
justice. if

“Jt would seem that civil war in South Africa is
not merely a theoretical possibility, including the
unthinkable prospect of followers of the same re-
ligious tradition facing one another from oppos-
ing camps.”

‘The researchers underscored “the serious and
fundamental task religious leaders and communj-
ties have to de-idolise and de-absolutise religion
in the way that it'is interpreted by any one

group”, ~ Sapa. * +

116



common allegiance to one religious
tradition should serve as a “powerful
cohesive force in intergroup relations,”
but which was contradicted by evi-
dence that religion in fact often played
a divisive role.

Religion could be used to either ini-
tiate or facilitate social change, or to
counter this.

In some groups, certain denomina-
tions in the Afrikaans-speaking white
reformed tradition for example, their
position in society was experienced as
relatively favourable and a mainte-
nance of the status quo was preferred.

In such a case, religion functioned as
a factor countering social change,
while in others, where groups experi-
enced their position as unfavourable or
disadvantaged, religion became a
“powerful stimulus for social change”.

The ambivalence of religion’s role

could also be seen when
it identified with the
problems of suffering and
where it could have ei-
ther a constructive or
conflict-generating _ef-
fect.

In spite of the conflict-
generating potential,
however, the report also
produced considerable
evidence of the construc-
tive role religion played
in intergroup relations: —
‘Sapa.

CsO: 3400/243

119



JPRS*SSA+85*113
15 November 1985

ETHIOPIA

EDEGET BESIRA PILOT INDUSTRIAL PROJECT INAUGURATED
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 13 Oct 85 pp 1, 6

[Text] The 1.4 million birr Edeget Besira pilot industrial project was inaugu-
rated on Sebeta road here yesterday.

First established nine years ago with a capital of 3,000 birr and a membership
of 160 the project has reached its presert model stage as part of the effort
under way to transform smallscale industries into modern industrial and produc-
tive enterprises.

The facility was officially inaugurated by Comrade Hailu Yimenu, member of the
Political Bureau and Secretary of the CC of the WPE, Minister of Industry and
Chairman of the Board of the Handicraft and Small-Scale Industries Development
Agency (HASIDA). Comrade Hailu also toured the factory complex and later pre-
sented certificates to those who contributed to making the project a practi-
eal reality.

Comrade Selamab Wolde-Tsadik, General Manager of MASIDA, reported on the occasion
that work on the project was begun in 1974 E. C. and completed during the last
half of 1977 E. C. He said that of the total 1.4 million birr outlay, one mil-
lion birr was secured on a long-term government loan basis and that the balance
was raised by HASIDA itself.

The General Manager elaborated on the activities undertaken during the last
six months, adding that HASIDA was charged with the task of launching the pro-
ject on the basis of its accomplishment in producing simple agricultural and
industrial tools and of having successfully laid the foundation for a chemi-

cal industry.
Comrade Selamab noted that in accordance with recent government directives,
capital outlays of up to one million birr for the purchase of industrial equip-

ment are permitted in the case of privately operated enterprises and two million
birr in the case of share companies.

Present at the inaugural ceremony were ministers and invited guests. (ENA)

cso: 3400/245

26



JPRS-SSA*85°115
15 November 1985

UGANDA.

NORTH KOREAN DENIAL OF ACCUSATIONS
Kampala MUNNANSI in English 7 Sep 85 pp 1, 6

[Text] The consular of the North Korean Embassy in Uganda Mr. Song had denied
that his government assisted Obote's regime to perpetrate atrocities against
the people of Uganda.

Mr. Song said that the Korean government was only trying its best to help
Uganda in building a new nation by developing what he called “friendly
relations". Blame for Obote's misuse of our military assistance should not be
put on North Korea", he said.

Mr. Song dismissed a report that appeared in our paper, saying that 1,000
North Korean Military instructors were to be deported from Uganda. He said
that the military instructors who had been in Uganda had left after the July
27th coup.

The Korean diplomat condemned the press in Uganda for having accused North
Korea of associating with Obote's murderous regime. "Why didn't you accuse
the British government too?" he asked.

Mc. Song who appeared quite agitated aiso denied news reports that Korean
military experts joined hands with Obote’s soldiers in a war to fight the
guerrillas.

113104
cso: 3400/298

151



Europena Development Fund. Under a contract from Energie Electrique de la
Cote d'Ivoire (EECI) and the Societe Nationale d'Electricite du Burkina Faso
(Sonabel), Lahmeyer International, as part of a feasibility study, is studying
the possibility of creating in the West African area a network linking generat-
ing stations in the Ivory Coast and Burkina Faso. At the same time, the
electricity supply for the cities of Banfora and Bobo Dioulasso in Burkina Faso
from the EECI grid is to be examined. Lahmeyer InternationalGmbH employs about
950 workers.

The company of Fichtner Consulting Engineers GmbH & Co KG in Stuttgart, which
has about 450 employees, is working in Egypt, Guinea, Malawi and Ruanda. In
Egypt it was awarded a subcontract to advise on the electrotechnical install-
ations at the thermal generating station in Suez, for the construction of
which German capital aid was raised by DM 42 million in 1984. In Guinea
Fichtner undetook the preparation of a nation-wide enery study, and in Malawi
as part of a consortium the preparation of ‘a grid study for the Electricity
Supply Company of Malawi (Escom), Blantyre, which is financed by the FRG.
Fichtner is in the process of closing several contracts in in Ruanda. The
company was involved in starting up the hydroelectric generating station
N'Taruka, which has three turbogenertor groups (each 3.75 megatts). The
International Development Association (IDA) of the World Bank approved credit
of $8.9 million for this project. Then Fichtner was given the task of draw-
ing up a study for the construction of 30-kilovolt overhead lines in Ruanda,
with a total length of 230 kilometers. Third, Fichtner has been brought in on
a plan in Ruanda for the construction of two overhead lines (total length 41
kilometers).

Dorsch Consult Engineering Company GmbH in Munich was given nine contracts in
Cameroon, Ruanda and Swaziland. In Cameroon it was asked to draw up a study
for the Kadey hydroelectric generating station as a partner in a consortium.
In a similar capacity Dorsch Consult is an advisor in Ruanda on rural supplies
of water and electricity. In Swaziland it has become involved in advising on
the use of hydroelectric power at an operational level.

The Rhein-Ruhr Engineering Company mbH (RRI) in Dortmund has taken on advisory
work in Algeria, Burundi and Senegal. In Algeria it has become involved in
the construction of two generating stations, located in Jijel and Mers el
Hadia. In Burundi it is involved as a consortial partner in supervising the
construction of the storage dam on the Ruzizi, to which a (40 megawatt)
generating station will be attached. The European Development Fund and the
IDA are participating in financing this plan. In Senegal the RRI undertook

to draw up an energy study in connection with the construction of the storage
dam in Manantali, which is being built in Mali on the Bafing, a tributary of
the Senegal, as part of the Organisation pour la Mise en Valeur du Fleuve
Senegal (OMVS). Attached to it will be a generating station with an installed
output of 144 megawatts. The government of the FRG approved a financing con-
tribution of DM 166 million for the plan.

The Oskar von Miller GmbH (OVM) in Munich has received contracts in Liberia
and Tanzania. It has been given advisory tasks for the 12.5-kilovolt switching
installation in Paynesville. It has also been involved in rural electrifica-



to his material welfare, to the availability of schools, training places, work
opportunities, etc. You can expand the chain and you get into plainly
economic questions which are enormously difficult to solve. If you solve all
political questions today--a government, regardless of party, would have
enormous difficulties to raise the living standard of the people. Consequently
a politician cannot simply say "Now we are all equal." If that were done-~

the danger exists of course--this would result in the start of the enormous
redistribution process, which, from past experience, would make the Whites
poorer and the Blacks hardly significantly richer.

[Question] Nevertheless you think that things must change quickly in South
Africa?

[Answer] I am firmly convinced that apart from a few exceptions today no
sermons on the necessity for reforms are needed any longer in the ranks of the
National Party, in the ranks of the government and in the Cabinet. Another
question: Are the most varied interests that exist among the hard-to-define
interest groups of the non-White population really able to find a uniform con-
cept that can suppress the fear of fraternal feud and endless tribal wars in
the future?

[Question] Do you consider the negotiations nevertheless as necessary and
possible?

[Answer] Of course. If on the part of the government but also on the part of
all these diffuse groups and parties that float around the country and oppose
the government, if these many participating population groups do not exhibit a
desire to find a quite decided, common denominator, to sit around a table
without any preconditions, then I ask myself how the unrest, the tensions in
the country can ever be solved. Of course that can only be done without any
terrorist threats--the government cannot negotiate with people who hold a hand
grenade under the table. If foreign governments do not exert exactly the same
pressure on these parties in their diversity--which are of course more diffi-
cult to define than only Mr. P.W. Botha and Pik Botha--to be ready to negotiate
and to be reasonable, if the foreign countries (herewith I quite consciously
attach blame) do not realize that and take it into account in their political
concepts, then this cannot be solved at all.

[Question] Would you consider participation of Nelson Mandela in negotiations
a good thing?

[Answer] Would the German government have sat at a conference table with the
Baader-Meinhof gang? Mr. Mandela is overestimated in his political importance
domestically and in foreign countries. Whether or not he was treated justly
or unjustly cannot be the question of our examination. P.W. Botha in his
rubicon address (before the congress of the National Party in Durban) has again
pointed out: Mandela is a criminal who has tried to instigate the coup, who
clearly admitted that also during the court proceedings. Such people are
imprisoned everywhere in the world. The release of Mr. Mandela would at most
be a gesture of good will in relation to the world public which would fizzle

out after three days.

134

ee |



JPRS“SSA*85~*113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

AID FOR ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY--The marketing research office Business and Market-
ing Intelligence in Pretoria is drawing up a 250-million-rand study on the
development of the electronics industry at the request of the Standing Commit~
tee for Electronics (SEC), which was created by the South African government
in 1984, and a number of companies, Altech, Siemens, Reunert, Federale Volks-—
beleggings, Grinaker, TMSA, Plessey and Philips. Although details have not yet
been published, the information has trickled through that the industry was
able to register sales of 3 billion rand in 1984 (1 rand = about DM 1.20) and
that the growth rate until 1990 was given as 15 percent annually. The state
is the electronics industry's best customer, with about 40 percent of total
purchases, the consumer goods industry and data processing take about 22 per-
cent each, telecommunications equipment requires about 26 percent and 10 per-
cent are attributed to military requirements. National bidders have an advan-
tage reaching as much as 35 percent in government requests for tenders. The
national development board, Industrial Development Corp., is making funds
available to finance new plans. The export of electronic parts reached 32.8
milion rand f.o.b. in 1984. [Text] [Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK
DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German 13 Sept 85 p 2] 9581

142



He accused the two parties of all along bringing all sorts of problems to the
country, and thus underlined the great necessity of forming new political
parties.

Nowaruhanga strongly urged the Military Council to officially recognise his
party GCU.

He elaborated that Priests, pastors and evangelists decided to form UPU which
he said now comprise of God Commands the Universe (GCU) of Nowaruhanga.

Others are Missionary Party (MP) which he said is led by a bishop, Human
Rights Movement (HRM) of F. Beraaho and Christian and Muslim Party (CMP) of
Christopher Kanyesigye.

The Pastor finally urged the Military Council to think of preparing for the
next general elections if it has to continue having public support.

/13104
cso: 3400/298

148



JPRS*SSA~85~113
15 November 1985

LIBERIA

1986 COFFEE EXPORT QUOTA FIXED
Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 3 Oct 85 p 2

[fext7 London--Despite hostility on the United States, the annual conference
of the International Conference Organization (ICO) approved measures here
early Tuesday to regulate the world coffee market for the coming year.

Level of 58 million 60-kilo bags was finally approved. The export quota--the
amount of coffee to be exported by the 50 producing members of the ICO to
their 25 importing fellow-members during the season.

This figure does not include the 450,000 bags which Ethiopia was umable to
ship to members last season.

The ICO also decided to maintain the range of prices to be defended at 120-140
U.S, cents.

Price fluctuations beyond the limits of this range will continue to govern
supply to the market through a price related adjustment mechanism.

But the package contained no measures to deal with the problem of undership-
ments -- to failure of ICO producers to fulfill their export quota in full--
and was thus rejected by the United States, the only ICO member to vote against
it.

The feeling that the United States would not yield on the issue of undership-
ments had raised fears overnight that the ICO could lose its largest since
consuming member-country.

Consumers had been divided not only over the problem of undershipments, but
also over the level of the initial global quota.

/12851
cs0: 3400/263

41



JPRS*S8A+854113
15 November 1985

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

ENERGY PLANS UNDER GERMAN DIRECTION

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German
12 Sep 85 p 2

[Text] German engineering consulting firms have recently been able to become
successfully involved once again in energy projects in all parts of Africa.
Since the last review in the edition of 31 October 1984, they have managed to
cooperate in the planning and execution of energy plans relating to the con-
struction of generating stations and the expansion of the distribution of
electricity. German capital aid is frequently granted for these plans.

The engineering company Deutsche Energie-Consult Ltd (Decon) in Bad Homburg,
v.d.H., is active in Egypt, Burundi, Gambia, Guinea and Sierra Leone. In
Egypt Decon was brought into the rehabilitation of nine substations (220 kil-
volts). In Burundi it took over the training of the personnel at the Kayenzi/
Muyinga hydroelectric station. Decon has been entrusted, as a consortial
partner, with the continued management of the Kotu diesel generating station.
In Guinea, Decon is an advisor in supplying the capital Conakry with electric-
ity and in the operation of the Tumbo diesel generating station (22 megawatts).
The FRG granted capital aid of DM 35.6 million for supplying Conakry with
electricity, which is to be raised by DM 8 million to DM 43.6 million. Decon
has also been brought in on the operation of the Kenema steam generating plant
in Sierra Leone.

Lahmeyer International GmbH in Frankfurt, in which Lahmeyer AG in Frankfurt,
a participating company in the Rheinisch-Westfaelisches Elektrizitaetswerk
AG in Essen, has a 50-percent share, the AG fuer Industrie und Verkehrswesen
in Frankfurt has a 25-percent share and the Deutsche Bank AG in Frankfurt and
the Dresdner Bank AG in Frankfurt each each have a 12.5 percent share, has
been carrying out work in Algeria, Lesotho, Burkina Faso (formerly the Upper
Volta) and on the Ivory Coast. It was brought in as a consortial partner on
the construction of the thermal generating station belonging to Sonelgaz in
Jijel (210 megawatts).

A consortium of consulting firms headed by Lahmeyer International GmbH is
currently drawing up a study in Lesotho on the Lesotho Highlands Water Project,
which calls for the construction of ahydtoelectrit¢ generating station in each
of two stages of expansion near Tihaka. The annual net production of energy
is supposed to be close to 340 GWh. The study is being financed by the



UP, LAP CANDIDATES ASK FOR PROTECTION

Monrovia FOOTPRINTS TODAY in English 7 Oct 85 pp 1, 10

[Text]

Two of the four political parties participa—
ting in the current political process -have

said that they are defensele
basic protection of . their -human

the elections day draws near.

for the
‘piyhts

fhe Liberia Action
Party (LAP) and the
Unity Party (UP) made
the call to the Spe-
cial Elections Com-
mission (SECOM): last
Friday when the
Chairman of UP, Mr.
Carlos W. Smith and
the Secretary-General
of LAP, Dr. S. Byron
Tarr, informed the
Commission and jour-
nalists about alleged
continuous harass-
ment and manhandling
of. their partisans
during this campaign
season.

Speaking during a
news conference at
SECOM, the Chairman
of UP, Mr. Smith,
compiained that the
party's senatorial
nominee from Bong
County, Counsellor
Francis S. Garlawolo,
was allegedly beaten
last Priday by
soldiers and his car

taken away while he-

(Garlawolo) was cam-

35

» and ed

paigning in Totota,
Bong County.

The Secretary-Gene-
ral of LAP, Dr. Tarr,
also complained that
a LAP canvasser who
was allegedly beaten
last Thursday night,
“is unconsciously ly-
ing down" at the Is-
land Clinic, while
some members of the
party have reportedly
been beaten in St.
John River City,
Grand Bassa County.

Dr. Tarr pointed
out that he could not
understand why these
actions are being
meted out to their
members when the
party is a full-fled-
ged political party.

He stated that. he
read in the newspa-
pers that the Direc-
tor of Police had
said he has not been
informed about -these
incidents,’ and won-
dered why a goverm-
ment official who is

gpRs-SSAr85"113
15 November 1985

LIBERIA



to tread a political tightrope — staying:
carefully...away from actions. that.
might be interpreted as promoting the:
ANC itself. +2. 5

Bishop Tutu, who has specifically
distanced himself from the armed
struggle of the ANC, nevertheless told;
a crowd of more than 9000 in Soweto
early this year he regarded Mandela,
Walter Sisulu and the exiled Oliver
Tambo as legitimate leaders of South
Africa.

Leading UDF figures presently
stand accused, among other things, of
furthering the aims of the ANC. It re-
mains for the Supreme Courts of Natal
and the Transvaal to decide whether
there is substance to these charges.
But it is a matter of record that UDF
spokesmen have denied links with the
ANC although Mandela, Sisulu and
other jailed figures in the former Con-
gress Alliance serve as patrons of the
front.

The UDF has not adopted the Free-
dom Charter, which became the politi-
cal programme of the ANC some
months after its adoption at the Con-
gress of the People in 1955. But the;
front’s more political goal of democra-
cy in a non-racial, unitary South Africa
certainly does not contradict the Char-|
ter in any way.

The pecking order exists in non-par-
liamentary politics as surely as it does
in parliamentary politics — despite the
fact that there aré no elections to es--
tablish the status of parties.

Yet white mainstream politicians
and Western visitors generally do not ,
take note of this informally established
hierarchy. Often the first allies they
seek out in the black community are
those who flout the pecking order by.
declaring themselves outright oppo-,
nents of the ANC — the clearest exam-
ple being Chief Buthelezi and his In-
katha movement. |

The introduction of homeland lead-!
ers into the peace talks movement!
while the ANC remains banned and its
leaders exiled and jailed; while half the
UDF leadership has been immobilised
by government action, shows up the
Peace initiatives as lacking in true rep-
resentation of the country’s people as a
whole.

A second factor confounding the
peace talks campaign is the fact that

CSO: 3400/243 .

the extra-parliamentary political agen-
-da has changed dramatically in the
last year. With violent conflict sweep-,
ing the townships the quest for talks
has taken second place to demands for
what in effect is a ceasefire. When Op-
eration Palmiet was launched a year
ago, with a military force of 7000 oc-
cupying Sebokeng and arresting hun-
dreds mostly for pass law offences, the
UDF, the South African Council of
Churches and the Azanian People’s Or-
ganisation said civil war had been de-
clared and civilians had been placed in
a state of siege.

Lutheran Dean Tshenuwani Simon
Farisani explained recently on behalf
of more than 150 theologians and
churchmen that the concept of a
“ceasefire” implied not only the formal
cessation of aggression between
ANC and Pretoria. . .

It also meant an end to troops and
riot police in the townships; an end to
detention of political leaders; an end to
jailing for political offences; and an
end to the ban on opposition political
organisations.

In the eyes of spokesmen for the dis-
enfranchised the imperative is to end
violence — and that, they make very
clear, comes a long way before talking,
peace.

115



JPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

ANGOLA

LUANDA, BENGO PROVINCES OBTAIN NEW GAS TURBINES
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 13 Sep 85 pp 1, 3

[Text] With the purchase and installation of another gas turbine set in
Luanda, this province and Bengo province were provided as of yesterday with a
substantial increase in installed technical capacity, which will enable them
to cope with the steady increase in electrical energy consumption.

This turbine, which was installed in only 96 days, thanks to the self-
sacrificing efforts of the Angolan and Cuban workers, set a record for Africa,
in the view of the technicians of the BBC/SUISSA, the suppliers of the

equipment.

On the subject of the transport routes savagely destroyed by the police forces
from Pretoria, they were repaired by the Second Party Congress Mixed Repair
Brigade in only 58 days, 3 weeks ahead of schedule, despite the especially
difficult conditions under which this work was done.

To celebrate the completion of this work, a political meeting coordinated by
the productive sector secretariat of the Central Committee of the MPLA-PT
{Labor Party] was held that same day at the SONEFE substation in Luanda. At
the meeting, recognition was given to the workers, technicians and officials
for the dedication and exemplary devotion to the tasks assigned on the higher
party level, which made successful completion of this work possible.

Andre Petroff, productive sector secretary of the Central Committee, presided
at the meeting, which was attended by Lucio Lara, organization secretary of
the Central Committee of the Party; Minister of Energy and Petroleum Pedro de
Castro Van-Dunem (Loy); and Vice Minister of Energy Carlos Santos; as well as
other high party and state officials.

The meeting was the occasion for the delivery of an important address by the
productive sphere secretary of the Central Committee who at a given point said
that the "party and the government have made notable efforts in the domestic
electric sector, which because of their importance are being eyed by the
enemies of the Angolan people, and have recently become their prime target for
actions undertaken to sabotage the productive centers and the electrical
energy transmission lines.

14



JPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

ANGOLA

EMPROJECTOS EXPECTED TO SURPASS THIS YEAR'S GOALS
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 15 Sep 85 p 3

[Text] The National Urban Development and Building Projects Enterprise
(EMPROJECTOS-UEE), which has the installed capacity to produce goods worth 16
kwanzas, expects to bill a total in excess of 100 million kwanzas by the end
of the year, it was learned from its director, engineer Valerio Guerra
Marques.

In an interview granted to the ANGOP (ANGOLAN PRESS AGENCY), Valerio Guerra
said that the enterprise he heads has been financed exclusively by the product
of the projects it implements since 1983, at which point it ceased to operate
with financing from the general state budget for coverage of a technical
assistance contract.

EMPROJECTOS has already, since its establishment in 1980, designed more than
100 projects, the most outstanding including those for the national party
headquarters, the remodeling and installation of parking facilities at the
Benguela, Huambo and Lubango airports, and the plan for the Angolan consulate
in Ponta-Negra.

It has also undertaken other large-scale projects, including the plan for the
premises of Angola's diplomatic representation in Brazzaville, Congo, and
another for the EMPROE shipyard. Also, about a year ago, the enterprise
worked on a conversion project to adapt a building for the use of the National
Bank of Angola, and another for EMADEIRAS-UEE, involving urban development and
administrative installations.

Currently, EMPROJECTOS, in addition to finishing school projects for the
first, second and third levels, is working on two plans for schools for
hearing and sight-impaired students, and also plans for the conversion of
buildings for the offices of the presidency in Futungo de Belas.

As an enterprise which supports itself exclusively on income from its own
production, EMPROJECTOS is facing a serious problem with regard to payment by
its investors, state agencies for the most part, which despite the contracts
signed, allow intolerable delays in making their payments to the enterprise.



Famine Stalks Population in Remote Regions of Lebowa Homeland
(Jeremy Brooks; SUNDAY TIMES, 13 Oct 85) ..ccseeceeseeeee

Liquor Act Change Will Be Another Blow to Apartheid
(David Braun; THE STAR, 10 Oct 85) cescevcececevceccecere

Ciskéi Corruption Becoming Expensive
(THE STAR, 14 Oct 85) sssceccecevcevacceccecscseccveecees

Concern Over Transkei Detainees
(SOWETAN, 14 Oct 85) ssseccsscceccccvccswssesrcsncosseses

Municipal Council Police Make Their. Debut
(SOWETAN, 14 Oct 85) wesececceceececcccrecsceveevceeecees

Cosco Spokesman on Celebrating Decade of Black Riots
(SOWETAN, 9 Oct 85) wrccveccaccevcccveccerrseseevecesvres

Black Pupils' Dilemma Viewed
(Themba Molefe; SOWETAN, 9 Oct 85) ..esecececceececnceces

‘Peace Talks', 'National Convention' Become Divisive Issues
(Jo-Anne Collinge; THE STAR, 11 Oct 85) ...scceeesesecees

Attitudes of Blacks on Violence Divided
(THE STAR, 14 Oct 85) sescessccscccevcescccecenescssveees

Afrikaan Churches' Role Divisive Says HSRC Report
(THE STAR, 14 Oct 85) sececcvececccssccesccecscnvvesceres

Investigations Says Religion Could Become Strong Cohesive Force
(THE STAR, 14 Oct 85) sssccceccccecenccrecceectevcceecses

German Industry Hopes To Maintain Status Quo in South Africa
(DIE ZEIT, 13 Sep 85; DER SPIEGEL, 30 Sep 85) ...sssoveee

Firms Perform Balancing Act, by Hans Otto Eglau
Siemens Holds Steady Course, Werner F, Zieler Interview

Settlements Bank Meeting Sparks German Youth Protest
(SUEDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG, 10 Sep 85) ..cccscveccccecccceeves

Few German Firms Plan To Divest Despite Economic Setbacks
(Otto Eglau; DIE ZEIT, 13 Sep 85) .ssccecccecececcesrcees

Siemens Executive Doubts Black Gains Through Radical Reform
(Werner Zieler Interview; TAGESZEITUNG, 27 Sep 85) .....-
Political Scientist Views Top ANC Personalities ‘of Next 5 Years

(THE STAR, 8 Oct 85) sevceecevceccccecevcscceccvesceccers

-e-

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136



Schumacher: What do you do to counteract the fact that for many Blacks,
capitalism equals apartheid?

Zieler: We must enlighten and teach, through contact with our trade
unions. Foreign influence has an aggravating effect here, also. For
example, IG Metall, behind closed doors, calls for their colleagues of the
local Metal Workers Union to be reasonable, but they never say it in
public.

Schumacher: Sometime you could talk that way, enlightening and teaching,
perhaps with opposition groups outside the trade unions, such as the
avowedly non-violent United Democratic Front.

Zieler: I have no contact whatsoever with these groups.
Schumacher: Just so.

Zieler: With the government, also, we speak primarily through our employer
associations, Assocom [Association of Chambers of Commerce] and FCI
[Federated Chamber of Industries]. They make known the opinion of trade,
industry and business in a very active form.

Schumacher: $0 Siemens sees itself in South Africa for many more years?

Zieler: The firm of Siemens was founded in 1847. In Germany alone, it
lived through I don't know how many political systems. I am not saying,
survived. And I am also not saying, lived with every system. The firm of
Siemens fulfills its very specific role, that is, to produce and
distribute electro-technical products, deliver good quality, and thus to
do justice to human needs which must be considered just as sacred and must
be cherished just as much as satisfying civil and political rights.

9917
cso: 3420/3

127



healthy for an entire year,
eating one protein-rich meal
a day.”

Says Johnny Frankel: “The
land that these people live on
could never support a popu.
lation this size. The effects of
the drought have only made
it worse. Remember, most of
these communities were
moved into these arid areas
by force, not by choice.

“However, what's wrong
with the system is not the
issue here — it's the fact that
they're being kept alive.”

‘The Moabi Clinic stands in
the centre of a village of the
same name: the community

has just recovered from an |

epidemic of cholera.

It's easy to see how the
disease spread. A trickle of
water ina ditch, about 6em in
the deepest puddle, is the wa-

ter supply. It is also home to
the pigs, chickens and goats
who scratch around in it, the
women who wash their
clothes in it, and the people
living alongside who use it as
a sewer.

The cholera is now in
cheek. The human misery
sn't.

Mothers and children wait
outside the clinic for the
Operation Hunger soup and
pap. To encourage mothers
and elderly y people to bring as
many children as possible,

A New Generation
Spawned in Misery

Operation Hunger is now
giving the adults a free meal
as well — if they bring a
child.

The faces of the children,
each clutching a tin mug, an
ice cream carton or a yo-

hurt cup, are expression-
less,

Their mothers must fetch
the soup powder —- a thick,
nourishing soya bean broth —
from a collection point and
prepare it over a fire, in cast-
iron three-legged pots, them-
selves, For many of the child-
ren it is the only meal they'll
have today. And they’ve been
waiting until 5pm.

Erica Magaba says she
hasn't got a husband but she’s

regnant with her third child.

‘hey gave her a Depo Pro-
vera contraceptive injection
at the clinic but she forgot
the date when she had to go
back.

Pension

Her hut has one room, an-
iron roof, no windows and one .
bed, a table, and two chairs.*
Her youngest child, Aaron, is’
two years old but looks like
an 11-month-old baby. His
hair is thin, red, and sparse.
He can barely stand or cry.

From the ceiling hang the
dried remains of three blue-
gill fish her 14-year-old child
caught, The flesh was neatly
filleted off weeks ago but the
bones are being kept to be
boiled up later,

Erica, through the inter-
eter, told the party she was
living on R20 a month her

mother sent her from an old
age pension.

Said a black nurse at the
clinic: “I have no idea how
people like that stay alive. It
Must be something in their
make-up.”

Their will to live, and
Operation Hunger’s vital role
in the community, mean the
difference between life and
death.

Operation Hunger does not
believe handouts are the
answer.

“Our assistance pro-
grammes are designed to in-
yolve the communities — in
fact to make them work for

what they get,” says Mrs ,

Perlman.

Feeding schemes, although
the major part of Operation
Hunger's work, do not repre-
sent the entire operation. R2-:
million of the R7-million do-
nated by the public, big
business, and the American
Government last year went
into self-help schemes.

Agricultural consultant
Rob Small, who trained at a
college in England, is em-

loyed fulltime at the Jane
se mission hospital in
Lebowa. :

This week, for the first
time, a local tribe allowed
him to till their land, demon-
strating farming techniques
which will make the soil
more productive.

Other schemes — all
imaginative, simple, and pro-
fitable — have also been
started.

‘These include candle-mak-
ing, fence-making, dress-
making, weaving and vege-
table gardening.

Big Business to
Meet on Crisis

A FEW hundred of South Africa’s top
businessmen have been invited to at-
tend a function on October 22 to learn +
more about Operation Hunger, the vol-
untary agency that quite literally
means the difference between life and
death for thousands of children in
Northern Transvaal.

This massive effort, led by a team

headed by Mr Mervyn King of Kirsh
Industries and Mr Johnny Frankel, of
Tiger Oats, has mobilised millions of
rands not only to feed the needy, but
also to introduce self-help schemes
aimed at rescuing them from the pover-
ty trap.

‘The organisers are eager to empha-
sise that the dinner, at the Sandton Sun

.dotel, will be an occasion to introduce
the captains of business to the work of
Operation Hunger.

Mr Frankel said yesterday that be
hoped every major company would he
represented, if not by its chairman or
managing director, then by a senior
executive.

Only R25 Keeps a Child
for One Year

R25 keeps one child alive and
Well for one year, eating one
meal a day of mealie pap with
rich soya gravy.

‘Those are the simple figures
which strike home when dealing
with Operation Hunger.

‘The others are that one child
in South Africa, a relatively af-
fluent Third-World
country, is dying of
malnutrition every
15 minutes.

That 2,9-million
children are show-
ing signs of visible
under-nourishment.

In 1980, OH esti-
mated that 30 per-
cent of the black
population in

rought-stricken
areas had died of
malnutrition and its
related diseases and a further
50 000 would probably die in the ,
winter of 1980.

That drought has still_not
broken, and in fact its effects
have now been exacerbated by
the effects of unemployment.

105



‘POSITION OF LEFT ON IMF,. REVOLUTION

Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 6 Oct 85 p 7

[Article by Ujudud Shariff]

[Text]

President of the Nigerian
Stock Exchange (hub of our

militant National President
of the Academic Staff of
Universities Union, also of

Manufacturers Limited, to
fight the same cause. Some-
thing must really be wrong
somewhere, you would say,
or .it the times that are
changing?

Also imagine that Profes-
sors Toyo and Ikenna Nzi-
miro and Comrade Ola Oni

10 spent the greater
Part of their lives preaching
Communism are “flocking”
with ‘uncle’ Waziri Ibrahim
leader of the proscribed
GNPP against the IMF. Un-
cle Waziri, a one-time mag-
net of UAC had the sense
enotgh to know that the
IMFisa “devastating torna-
do that would destroy
homes and companies if

bourgeois opportunism,
could not organise them-

the mainstream of capi-
talist thought, at least .on
this issue which ought to

64

JPRS“SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

present the long-awaited
platform for a revolutionary
mobilisation and education
of the ordinary folks. An
opportunity to take on
Nigeria’s primitive capital-
ism lead-on.

For a start. let us take the
Nigeria Labour Congress’
position on the IMF. Only a
few months ago, its Nation-
al President, Ali
Chiroma, advocated secial-
ism | for Nigeria . and
threatened 4 nationwide
strike if the loan is accepted.

Nigerian worker will lose
the very basis of his exist-

ence. Wages will fall and
prices will soar and since he
cannot pay school fees, his
children will become illiter-
ates and hunger and disease
will set-in”. Now, one may
want to ask where Ali Chir-
oma has been all these 20
months? In Cuba. or the
Soviet Union acquiring re-
volutionary doctrines to lift
the NLC to the “glorious”
days of Hassan Sumonu? Is
this not precisely what has

massive retrenchment of
workers, imposition of de-
velopment and education

NIGERIA



JPRS*SSA*85+113
15 November 1985

ETHIOPIA

LEGESSE URGES REVOLUTIONARY FORCES TO INTENSIFY STRUGGLE
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 6 Oct 85 pp 1, 3

[Text] Revolutionary Forces should intensify their struggle in every field
of endeavour in order to step up the ongoing construction of a new social or-
der.

This was stated here yesterday by Comrade Legesse Asfaw, member of the Politi-~
cal Bureau and Secretary of the CC of the WPE, while addressing representatives
of the first round of WPE campaigner-cadres after listening to reports of the
representatives on the achievements of the cadres while deployed for the last
eight months to help rehabilitate drought victims in new and fertile settlement
areas of the country.

The ceremony was held at the office of the CC of the WPE, following the hear-
ing of the report dealing with the cadres rehabilitation activities in rehabili-
tation sites. The emblems presented to the cadres by WPE committees of the
regions and provinces where they were assigned were presented to the CC of the
WPE through Comrade Legesse Asfaw who received the emblems from the WPE first
secretary of each rehabilitation site.

Present on the occasion were Comrade Alemu Abebe, member of the Political
Bureau of the CC of the WPE and Chairman of the Central Control Commission,
Comrade Shimelis Mazengia, member of the Political Bureau and Secretary of the
CC of the WPE, Comrade Teka Tulu, alternate member of the Political bureau of
the CC of the WPE and Cheirman of the Central Audit Commission, and Comrade
Wondimu Robi, member of the CC of the WPE.

On the occasion Comrade Legesse praised the cadres for the courage and dedica-
tion they showed in their struggle to help rehabilitate and provide a comfort-
able settlement to compatriots affected by the drought in line with the pro-
gramme of the Political Bureau of the CC of the WPE. Comrade Legesse em-
phasised that the achievement scored by the cadres attests to the fact that the
party is for the people and that the people are for the party.

Besides strengthening the rehabilitation campaign, Comrade Legesse noted,

the results registered by the cadres in their areas of deployment have effec-
tively precipitated the bankruptcy of the enemies and thereby defused their
wicked designs and intentions.

19



HSRC CHAIRMAN ON NATION'S BAD DEMOCRATIC RECORD

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 13 Oct 85 p 24

{Article by Marinus Wiechers]

{Text ]

ANY people

flatly re-

fuse to en-

tertain the
idea of a future democ-
racy for our country.
They point out that the
democratic record of
independent Africa is
dismal and that there is.
absolutely no guaran-;
tee that once majority |
rule is achieved in
South Africa, the same
course of coups, mili-
tary government and
one-party rule will not
be followed.

At the same time, they
insist that the economies of |
many Third World coun- |
tries have been ruined by |
corruption, mismanage- «
ment and grand schemes of |
unbridled socialism and
that the same fate awaits
us if control is not firmly in
the hands of the techno-
crats, the entrepreneurs |
and the managers.

Of course, there is no

int in denying that uhuru,
for many African states,
has meant little more than
misery, exploitation and
poverty.

On the other hand, it!
should not be forgotten that
the way in which we, the ,
whites in South Africa, have
for many decades dealt!
with democracy is not at all :
exemplary. '

The rule of law has been
undermined, constitutional
safeguards been trampled

upon, and discrimination
coupled with domination
has been institutionalised
to an extent which aligns us
very much with other bad
examples in the Third
World.

A is perhaps our own dis-
dain for true democratic
principles which makes us
so sceptical of the chances
of democracy itself. .

The disbelief in true de-
mocracy for South Africa
manifests itself in many
ways. Some of the more en-
lightened disbelievers;
preach a form of limited,

democracy in which whites | '

will still maintain some,
kind of final say, whereas!
others seek to escape the
full implications of demo-
cratic rule by inventing in-
tricate structures for each
and every population group
so that the groups will re-

main independent in their:

spheres of so-called “own
affairs”. Almost a kind of
corporate apartheid.

At the far end, there are
‘the complete disbelievers
who dream up a white
homeland where — without
any conflict or opposition
— a “democracy” of their
lown brand wilh reign
‘supreme.

However, the irony Is
that, as much as the belief
iin democracy for South
‘Africa is in question for
many valid and invalid rea-
sons, it is only a fervent
faith in the chances of de-
mocracy and the existence

138

of preconditions for it, that
will secure for us the cour-
age and the hope to proceed

through the present diffi-
| cult times.

In other words, if the
prospect of democratic
rule for South Africa is fi-
nally lost, we might just as
well start planning for the

. last siege and prolonged de-
feat.

What is democracy? De-
mocracy is government b
the people for the people. t
is certainly not the domina-
tion by the majority of mi-
nority groups through some
or other form of monolithic

,State and party structure.

It is often forgotten that
a much-heralded system of
so-called consensus govern-
ment could very well be the
antithesis of democracy,

since in a true democracy
there is often fierce opposi-
tion and disagreement on
matters of actual govern-
: gent and policy.

‘Thé consensus nature of
democracy does not neces-
sarily reside in the way in
which state affairs are con-

.. ducted, but finds its roots

: and substance in the deep-

er, fundamental order
‘which precedes the actual
running of the government
of the day.

Put more directly, de-
mocracy is organised poli-
tical conflict, contained and
prescribed within the

JPRSSSA*85~113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS“SSA*85+113
15 November 1985

ANGOLA

FORMER UNITA COMMANDER HIRED AS PART OF CLEMENCY POLICY
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 11 Sep 85 p 3

[Text] Benguela-~Silverio Antonio Sangueve, a former column commander in the
puppet group UNITA [National Union for the Total Independence of Angola], who
surrendered voluntarily to the Angolan authorities in July of last year within
the context of the clemency policy promulgated by the Angolan government, is
now working in the Quina garment enterprise in this city.

Silverio Sangueve, 25 years of age and the father of two children, one of whom
is being held by the counterrevolutionaries, spent about 7 years in the ranks
of that puppet group. He prefers not to recall the hard times he experienced,
misled by a hypocritical and deceitful policy haphazardly drafted.

"I recognize that the armed counterrevolution has no goal in the struggle it
is waging other than destruction of the infrastructures which ensure the
economic and social development of the RPA [Angolan People's Republic]," this
repentant citizen commented.

During his stay in the jungle, Silverio Sangueve participated in various
actions against the people, some of which were carried out with the aid of
South African troops and Moroccan mercenaries.

Now, in an atmosphere of peace and tranquility, he is participating in the
process of national reconstruction. Since he surrendered to the Angolan
government, he has been happy, and he wants only to think of the worthy work
he is doing for the benefit of the people.

For him, freedom is no longer a dream. Therefore he has appealed to all of
those who are still fighting the Angolan people to surrender with all of their
equipment, to take advantage of the opportunities offered by the Angolan
authorities, and specifically, to join in the society of a new type which is
being built.

5157
CSO: 3442/5



Johannesburg THE STAR in English

[Text] The supreme policy-making body in

the ANC is the National Executive
Committee (NEC). Before Kabwe it
had 22 members. The consultative
conference expanded its size to 30
which allowed for the re-election of
19 people from the pre-conference
executive. Two former NEC mem-
bers failed to gain re-election and 11
new members were elected. Here
we will discuss some of the senior
office holders and the newcomers.

The three most important ANC
offices are those of president, secre-
tary-general and treasurer-general.
The three previous incumbents
were confirmed in their offices at
Kabwe. The ANC’s president, Oliver
Tambo, is probably the best known
ANC leader apart from Nelson
Mandela.

Tambo was born in 1917, the son
of a Transkeian farmer. He left his.
birthplace, Bizana, to attend St
Peter's school in Johannesburg in
the early 30s, matriculating in 1938.

“wt Fort Hare he gained a BSc in,

1941 and a teaching diploma in 1943.

For the next four years he taught at.

St Peter's, influencing a whole gen-
eration of younger men who were to
be politically influential in the sub-
sequent decade. In 1943-4 he helped
found the ANC Youth League. Like
other Youth Leaguers of the time,
Tambo had reservations about the
role of communists who in his circle
were then believed to be a distract-
ing and indeed moderating influ-
ence on the course of African, na-
tionalist politics. * cn

In 1948, he began legal studies’
and in 1952 he opened an attorney’s ;
.practice with Nelson Mandela.,;
There was not much time, though,

POLITICAL SCIENTIST VIEWS TOP ANC PERSONALITIES OF NEXT 5° YEARS

8 Oct 85 p 10

to make the new legal firm prosper.
On the ANC NEC from 1949 Tambo
was one of the main architects of
the series of popular campaigns of
non-violent mass action during the
1950s. He became secretary-general
in 1955 and deputy president in 1958.

On March 28 1960, three days be-
fore the ANC’s banning during the
, Sharpeville crisis, Tambo left the
country to build up the organisa-
tion’s resources in exile. By now he
was working with the Communist
Party, bit his feelings concerning

the SACP appear to be shaped more
by. his. regard for its members as
individuals rather than admiration
for the Marxist premises of their
politics. .

Tambo’s political style is low key.
But the success the ANC has had in
maintaining its unity and purpose in

\25 years of exile is attributable in
no small part to his personal quali-

ties.

Alfred Nzo, the secretary-general,
is a similarly modest individual.
iLike Tambo he is in his 60s. He was
educated at the Healdtown Insitute
and Fort Hare, qualifying as a
Health Inspector. He worked and
lived in Alexandra during the 1950s
and joined the ANC only in 1957.
That year he sprang into national
prominence as the chairman of the
committee that led a boycott move-
ment which originated in a protest.
against bus fare rises in Alexandra.
By 1958 he was on the ANC’s Trans-
vaal executive and was subjected to
his first banning order the following
year. Two years’ house arrest in
Moroka township preceded 238 days’
of detention in solitary confinement
between 1963 and 1964. He left South
Africa shortly afterwards and was

136

JPRS+SSA+85~113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

ETHIOPIA

ABOMSSA WATER SUPPLY PROJECT BECOMES OPERATIONAL
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 3 Oct 85 pp 1, 2

[Text] A water supply project launched in the town of Abomssa, Arssi region,
has become operational, a UNICEF report disclosed.

On the basis of the report, the project is an outcome of international co-
operation together with local expertise and community self-held. Taking part
in the work of the project were the Arssi Development Unit (ARDU), the local
people and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). The project cost
more than 200,000 birr to complete.

The report gave a breakdown of the financial contributions for the project.
UNICEF provided 160,000 birr, which was donated by the Austrian government,
while ARDU and the community contributed 30,000 and 20,000 birr, respectively.
ARDU also brought in its long experience and technical know-how into the work.

The report said the financial assistance and community participation was what
made the project a success. It said women were actively involved in the work
of the project including its technical aspect. The women not only alid the
pipeline but also handled its maintenance.

The report further noted that the local branch of the Revolutionary Ethiopia
Women's Association (REWA), was the driving force behind the women's activi-
ties. It said that by keeping close liaison with local development agencies,
REWA enabled the women in the area to acquire additional knowledge in health
care, water use, forest and soil conservation and nutrition. The association
also encourages the establishment of day-care centres.

ARDU's project proposals will provide for training women in home science, wa-
ter management, horticulture and other income-generating and skill development
activities. Courses are being initiated in such areas as health education,
water and basic sanitation including leadership training programmes fow women,
which is being conducted by ARDU's home economic unit.

According to the same report, water management training underscores the need
for the ready availability of skilled manpower to handle pipeline maintenance,
elementary accounting and administration of piped water supply scheme, It
stressed that one of the objectives of the water supply project is to involve

24



I beg to suggest that there is not ; Western-type industrial state. Re-
do

much that divides the great majority ~ ression does not protect it as Treun-
of South Africans in what they want ; icht has asserted.

for themselves, their families and - Repression has failed in the past ‘
_ their country, and:it would fail exponentially if in-;
In a sense, the real battle on the ‘ creased along the lines he advocates. .
sub-continent is not the stereotypical There are many, however, who also!
battle between black and white over : believe that in present circumstances |
who should command.the machinery -; one-man-one-vote in a unitary state;
of power. * . ° would also endanger the objective, |
* smacetnwne. wad iat ou fm 8

middle alternative which would allow

The real battle has to do with whe- meaningful participation for all re-
ther SA can be kept on its present * gardless of race, colour or creed dur-
course of development asa modernis- g an interim period of adjustment |

Lit estern-t e industriai state or and ‘of

whether its development, because of tions. changing inter-group ”percep-
demographic explosion and political . .
breakdown (ironically encouraged by Itis not for our generation to deter- |
many people of good intention mine, now and with finality, what the |
abroad) is dragged in the direction of details of the picture of the future SA :

> African over-population, falling food will be. The most we can hope to;

roduction and widespread and grow- accomplish is that the country’s de-

' fre distress among swelling numbers. velopment is allowed to continue

of poor. peacefully and the forces of cultural

diversity and technology are allowed

! e US and Europe have

{ achenta through technolo vein ex- {6 assert themselves for its general

| panding the range and possibility of

- experience and enjoyment, is possible It would be a shame if history's
for us all in a country so richly en- judgement was one of censure and

} dowed mineralogically, provided we condemnation for a failure to act ne
can achieve the required internal so- sistently with our knowledge of demo-
cial discipline. If black people despair raphic and other seemingly inexora.
of the Western model, it is because le processes,

is has become too firmly associated ;
with white domination and denial. ¢ Dr Bethlehem is the group econo-
4 ‘mics consultant of a leading min-
~ _ ‘ ing finance house. This article, the
second of a series, is an expression
, of his personal views and not those.
lerein lies the solution. The argu- of his company. .
ment against repression in the final
reckoning is that it endangers the

/9312
CSO: 3400/252

93



[Question] Your are opposed to sanctions. What about positive forms of
pressure, e.g. emphasis on the EC legal code?

[Answer] The EC code of laws has never been a problem for us. When it was
introduced, we were already much better.

[Question] There have been disputes in your company recently?

[Answer] That is a chapter that cannot be viewed completely detached from the
political events. The negotiations which we had to conduct with our labor
unions in the past three months were very greatly permeated with charges which
were purely political in nature: "You multinationals support apartheid." Then I
only asked: "Please tell me how did we actually support apartheid?" Complete
silence.

‘Two weeks ago three Greens Party Bundestag members visited me here. The views
advocated by them were not much different, the prejudices, the simplicities in
the views as they were uttered by these people.... The labor unions, of course,
have somewhere the compelling duty to fight against this mass misery which is
spreading more and more among the Blacks. Of course, they fight against every
loss of a job in a form in which they become logically very aggressive, have
to become aggressive if they want to achieve their goals at all. Frequently
one gets the feeling that they really do not want to negotiate. They simply
want to state their own power position, to prevail with their will, to work
themselves up to an instrument of power. That is of course politics. What is
at stake is no longer the improvement of working conditions, of employer-
employee relations, but the demonstration of influence and power. To talk to
one another under those circumstances is naturally difficult.

[Question] In final analysis, how do you assess the relationship between
industry and government?

[Answer] Siemens was founded in 1847. How many different political systems
have we experienced in Germany since then? If people wanted to wait everywhere to
see whether the governments remain stable, they would no longer feel like
starting businesses anywhere. Industry has a function to fulfill in human
society, namely production, distribution, providing goods and services. We are
not responsible either for politics or for sociological infrastructure elements,
e.g., whether the various training opportunities are organized for Blacks,
Greens, Yellows, Whites under one ministry of education and cultural affairs

or under five of them. In final analysis that is not our business. As industry
we can only say: "What you are providing to us from the schools is of such
disgracefully low level that we cannot do very much with it."

12356
cso: 3420/6

135



POLITICAL SCIENTIST SAYS ANC NEEDS SUPPORT OF PUBLIC TO EXIST

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Oct 85 p 8

[Text]

PIETERMARITZ-
BURG. — ANC in South
Africa was not in control
of liberation zones and
could hardly create speci-
fic support, Mr I de Vries
a lecturer in political sci-
ence at Rand Afrikaans
University, said in the
College Road Supreme
Court, Pietermaritzburg
yesterday.

Mr De Vries was giving
evidence against 16
people, either members
of the UDF or its asso-
ciates, who are facing
charges of treason, terror-
ism or supporting illegal
organisations in South
Africa between 1980 and
1985.

Mr De Vries said it was
important for a_revol-
utionary organisation like
the ANC to obtain specif-
ic support from a part of
the population. But this
could only be obtained by
any revolutionary organi-

sation which controlled
part of the country of a
country.

He told the Judge
President of Natal, Mr
Justice John, Milne and
two assessors who are
presiding over the trial,
that gueirilla fighters
could not exist without

86

the support of the public.

He needed the support
from the public to protect
him from the security
forces,

Support from the pub-
lic led to recognition
there should be military
action in the cause of the
revolutionary movement.
Members of the public
would join in military ac-
tion unless they knew the
aim of that military ac-
tion.
his was the case of the
military wing of the ANC,

!
+ Umkonto we Sizwe.

He said for a revol-
utionary movement to be
successful on a niilitary le-
vel the masses had to be
mobilised. The masses
had to see and had to be
taught that violence was
something good. In this
way, if the violence suc-
ceeded, the guerrillas
would be supported.

The ANC placed great
store in the revolutionary
struggle on culture and
the arts. Both the arts and
cultures were the most

important aspects of
fighting the revolutionary
struggle.

Mr De Vries. then
quoted Oliver Tambo,

JPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

ANGOLA

PEOPLE'S DEFENSE ORGANIZATION CELEBRATES ANNIVERSARY IN NAMIBE
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 15 Sep 85 p 3
[Article by Hortecio Sebastiao]

[Text] Namibe--The People's Defense Organization (ODP), which has now become
the People's Defense and Territorial Troops Organization Office, due to the
requirements of the revolution in the current phase of the struggle,
celebrated the 10th anniversary of its founding on Friday at a central
political ceremony held in this province, at which Colonel Antonio dos Santos
Franca (N'Dalu), a member of the political bureau of the Central Committee of
the MPLA-Labor Party, chief of the general staff of the FAPLA [People's Armed
Forces for the Liberation of Angola] and vice minister of defense, presided.

Lt Col Paiva Domingos da Silva, head of the new People's Defense and
Territorial Troops Organization Office, and Faustino Muteka, a member of the
Military Council for the Fifth Region and provincial commissioner of Namibe,
were present. A speech was delivered by 1st Lt Manuel Diogo, in which he gave
a brief history of the ODP, the establishment of which had its effect from the
very early days of the first national liberation struggle.

On the other hand, he spoke of the aid which the combatants of the ODP
provided in the past and still continue to provide, both on the combat fronts
and in the production centers, towns and villages, defending the victories won
by the people over every inch of ground.

At the conclusion of the ceremony, Lt Col N'Dalu stressed the importance of
the celebration of this 10th anniversary, since the ODP was founded on the
basis of the principles of generalized popular defense. He referred to the
late president A. A. Neto, who just moments before independence was
proclaimed, exhorted the people to keep their. weapons at the ready for the
adamant defense of the national territory against invasion by imperialist

forces.

"As a young country," he went on to say, "the People's Republic of Angola
needs to defend itself against the constant attacks made against it by
international imperialism, through racist South Africa and the puppet groups."
However, he added that in order for our defense to be certain, we cannot rely
only upon the regular forces. Our geographic situation and the vastness of

ee |



financial circles, on polite expres-
sions of understanding and commiser-
ation.

It is becoming popular to adopt a
hostile stand on SA, and public figures
like President Reagan and Mrs
Thatcher who are prepared to hold to
constructive views in the midsts of
clamour and protest are becomin,
fewer, and each day less able to resis!

, the pressure for clearly defined and
effective action.

| Ifthe killings at Langa Jed so.quick-
ly to the current lamentable situation,.

: what, one is compelled to ask, would
be the consequences of the killings
Treunicht’s policy would per force ne-
cessitate? ,

From an economic standpoint,
Treunicht’s call for partition lacks
credibility because the industrial in-
terdependence of the races has ad-
vanced so far as to preclude the possi-
bility of their separation into viable,
contiguous, geographical states.

N.. even an Afrikaner homeland
could be established in which Afri-
kaners were a majority in their own
‘ house. Such a homeland could come
about only with resort to forced popu-
lation removals on a scale no South
African government has yet been pre-
pared to countenance because of in-
ternational opprobrium.

We would be edging back towards
the old “Baaskap” dictum of Hans
Strydom: “Either you dominate me or
Idominate you. Therefore, I dominate
you!” —. something Dr Verwoerd
Sought to avoid with his separate de-
velopment policy Precisely because
he understood its dangers.

But let us assume that the Afri-
kaner people, in a surge of national
dedication, were prepared to choose
the alternative of self-sacrifice that

Jews were prepared to accept in the -

Middle East both before and after the -
establishment of Israel.

Let us suppose, indeed, that Afri-
kaners (a good majority of them)
were prepared to accept as an ideal,
self-redemption through manual
work on Labour Zionist model, es-

. chewing any use of cheap indigenous
labour, to firmly establish the prima-
ry basis of their economy and their
internal democracy.

92

It is not difficult to imagine the
ressure to which such a state would
subjected, set as it would be ina

southern African context, landlocked,
with surrounding areas expanding
economically unfettered by the re-
strictions of apartheid.

Financial forces alone would be
overwhelming and demographic
shifts would become irresistible.
Young people would be drawn away
in the pursuit of economic opportun-
ity, and if the Afrikaner state at-
tempted to expand to hold them, the

roblem of ‘uitlanders’ would soon
reassert itself because an expanding
ethnic economy would quickly run
into labour bottlenecks both regard-
ing the skilled and the unskilled.

Consider, for example, what is hap-
pening today in Israel itself, and in its
case not only was political partition
possible geographically, but the coun-
ry was able to draw heavily on the
financial support of a dedicated dia-
spora and a steadfast lobal power.
Israel today faces a dilemma.

As Jews advance up the socio-eco-
nomic scale, cheap Arab labour is

* being sucked into the Israeli economy

and this is beginning to undermine not
only its heroically-laid socialist foun-
dation, but the very electoral major-
ity Jews succeeded in establishing in
their own country. This is why the

| whole debate there about the West

Bank and Gaza has become so sensi-
ve.

The incorporation of these areas
into Israel would bring the day closer
when democracy and strategic neces-
sity become irreconciliable national
objectives.

. A. best, Treurnicht’s prescriptions _
, can be justified as necessary to pro-

tect the particular interests of a mi-
nority group but even for it, it must be
considered doubtful that the prescrip-
tions could work for long.

SA appears to be moving inexora-
bly ina tragic direction. Its problems,
however, should not be impossible to
solve because they are man-made.
This must mean that human ingenuity

~ can, with goodwill, overcome them.



JPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

HSRC REPORT SAYS NATION'S RELIGIOUS GROUPS POLARIZED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 14 Oct 85 p 3

[Text]

ALTHOUGH there were pacifist trends among

religious groups, it appeared 45 percent of the

id not regard violence as irreconcilable

with their religious views, an HSRC report on
religion on intergroup relations has found.

On the other hand, there were those (in religious
communiiies) who regarded violence as permissible
in maintaining the status quo and supressing revolt.

Civil war in South Africa, including the unthink-
able prospect of followers of the same religious tra- ;

dition facing one another from opposing camps did |

| not appear to be merely a theoretical possibility. H

‘The report, released in Pretoria yesterday, high-
lighted this as an extreme example of the polariza-.
tion in South Africa’s religious communities. °

‘The 230-page report’s main finding was that while
the common, underlying values in religion were po-

‘ tentially the strongest bridging factor between:
groups in the country’s “deeply segmented society”,'
it in fact presently often played a “divisive destruc-
tive” role because particular group’s interests were
served by specific churches at the expense of other
groups.

Examples in South African history of this were
the virtual integration of the British missionary ef-
fort during the colonial period with the interests of
the British Empire and the close similarity between
the religious values and attitudes advocated by the

/9312
cso: 3400/252

Dutch Reformed Church and the basic philosophy
underpinning the National Party's policy before and
after it came into power in 1948. .

“The latest example of a close relationship be-
tween religious values and group interests is the rise
of black theology, where the ‘black cause’ is inter-
preted in the light of the Biblical motive of Siber- ;
ation.” the report said.

“An extreme example of polarisation is to be
found in attitudes regarding violence.

“Although there are pacifist trends among reli-

+ gious groups, it appears that 45 percent of the blacks

do not regard violence as irreconcilable with their

religious views.

“On the one hand, there are those who regard
violence as permissable in maintaining the status
quo and in the suppression of tevolt.

“On the other hand, there are those who feel that

* seligious movements could resort to violence if there
were no other means available to achieve justice.

“It would seem that civil war in. South Africa is
not merely a theoretical possibility, including the

. unthinkable prospect of followers of the same reli-
gious tradition facing one another from opposing
camps,” the report said.

The researchers underscored “the serious and
fundamental task religious leaders and communities
have to de-idolise and de-absolutise religion in the
way it is interpreted by any one group.” — Sapa

97



by the Joint Matricula-,
tion Board and anybody,
who wrote and passed
would be accorded the
qualifications to see him
‘through to university.

But parents feel
otherwise. Many have
called for the matric ex-
aminations to be post-
poned.

Mr Isaac Mogase,
president of the Soweto
Civic Association which
is making preparations)
for parents, pupils, tea-
chers and the com-
munity to meet in an at-
tempt to resolve the}
schools problem, said he
felt examinations should
be postponed,

Black pupils are i
caught in a trap and as,
Mr Schoeman aptly put
it yesterday: black ed-:
ucation has become pol:
‘iticised — to the detri

ment of the black child. -,
This assumption,
‘meanwhile, can be de-
scribed as too true, if the
matric results for all
races last year are con-_
sidered. Whites per-
formed better than
other race groups, with
blacks lagging at the
bottom rung as always.

Also, all candidates,
race notwithstanding, sit
the same examinations
set by the Joint Matric-
ulation Board and the
Department of National
Education, now called

Education and Culture.

In the Transvaal only
last year, 92 percent of
white children passed
with 8 685 obtaining dis-
tinctions.

Forty percent of the
total 86,6 percent of In-
dian candidates who
passed gained university
‘exemption while 72,5

CsO: 3400/239

percent of the coloured
matriculants passed.

In the Western Cape
there are rumblings of
discontent as almost all
coloured schools stand
empty. Signs there too
are ominous.

White schools have
never experienced un-
rest problems and the
Indian children still go
to school normally.

The question should
be repeated. What is
really going on in black
education and when will
some light be shed on,

“the whole morass?”

113



RECRUITMENT INTO NAVY STILL LOPSIDED

Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 29 Sep 85 p 2

[Article by Shehu Dauda]

[Text]

cso:

‘IWENTY-FIVE years
‘dter Nigeria’s independ-
ence, there is still lopside-
ness in the recruitment part-
tern based. on geographical
spread into some special-
ised arms of the nation’s
‘armed forces. Sunday
Triumph in Lagos for iust-

revealed that c adi-
dates from the Nonhern

calling on Nigerian youth to
join the Navy, a source dis-

closed to this reporter in

Even in cases where few
of such candidates

ae

respond
to the advertisements and_

are recruited into the force,
they hardly stay to complete

their courses, my source
revealed.

ie

This possibly explains the |

fewer number of northern
indigenes within this arm of
the force, unlike in the

3400/227

sates of the country,
apparently due to their pro-
ximity to Naval bases.

But a source within the
Navy told the . Sunday
Triumph that recruitment
into the force is based on a
carefully worked out quota-
system which ensures that
Nigerians from all over the
country are brought
together to be comrades i in
arus.

Though my source failed
to disclose the figure allo-
cated to each of the 19
states, he explained that a

state which fails to fill up its:

quota during a particular re-
cruitment exercise, the ba-
lance is carried forward into
the next batch.

Despite the economic de-

‘and this pattern of employ-
ment is likely to continue
for Some time to come.

The Navy unlike other
branches of the force in
some instances even re-
absorbs retired officers who
return for employfhent and
are found to be suitable,
provided a period of twelve
months has not lapsed after

accepted back into the Navy
fold last April.

60

JPRS*SSA+85~113
15 November 1985

‘The Nigerian Navy which
started with only 200 offic-
ers and 11 assorted boats
came into existence in
March 1956, when the then
House of Representatives
approved its establishment.
Initially it was known as
Nigerian Naval Force, cre-
ated out of quasi-military
force - Nigerian Marine. At
that time it was under the
Ministry of Transport.

Presently the Nigerian
Navy has about 8,000 men
made up of 1, 000 officers
and 7,000 ratings. The force
has a fleet of 38 wide-
ranging ships and boats.

The warships which are
spread around the nations
eight Naval Bases include

Frigates Corvettes, Landing
Ship Tanks, _missile-
carrying strike patrol craft
and inshore patrol boats.
Three Lynx helicopters are
also part of the Navy’s fleet.

Part of the Navy’s major
role is the patrol of Nigeria’s
stretch of 400 nautical miles
from our boder with Benin
Republic in the west to
Cameroon Republic in the
east. Our territorial waters
is 12 mautical miles. This
gives the Navy 800,000
square nautical miles to pat
rol.

NIGERIA



JPRS~*SSA*85~113
15 November 1985

NIGERIA

EDITORIAL CALLS FOR SELECTIVE DEBT PAYMENTS, RESCHEDULING

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 4 Oct 85 p 1

[Editorial: "Which Debts Should We Pay?"]

[Text] GIVEN the serious debt debacle
which this nation has been plunged
into, we whole-heartedly endorse
the decision of the Federal Govern-
ment to honour only those debts
that are ‘incontrovertibly estab-
lished” as announced by the Presi-
dent, Major-General Ibrahim
Babangida in his October 1 address.

Our staggering external debt of
over N20 billion is currently serviced
by a whooping 44 per cent of the
nation’s income. It is no idle exer-
cise, therefore, to seek to establish
which ones are genuine and those
whose origins are questionable.

In determining the genuiness of
the debts, we suggest a high-
powered committee be set up to in-
vestigate and treat each debt incur-
red on its merit-particularly in the
period between 1979 and 1983. This
becomes necessary because the
vicious cycle in which we are en-
trapped means that we will forever
remain a “debtor and beggar na-
tion”. It means more loans will be
needed to service other loans.

CSO: 3400/227

66

If one considers that it is
estimated that by the end of the
year and external debt of African.
nations is projected at N150 billion’
and the whole of the Third World at
N700 billion, it is apparent that we
are in for another re-colonisation.

In order to break the chains, it
becomes obvious that the debtor
nations have to either collectively
refuse to pay up or bargain with the
creditors to reschedule the debts.
For example, it is estimated that a
10-year rescheduling of Nigeria's
debt would conserve for us about

‘N2 billion. This is almost equal to

the amount we are negotiating to
borrow from the IMF.

On the long term, it is only
through self-reliance and dismantl-
ing of the structures that
perpetuate our dependency that we

can establish a truly independent
nation.



JPRS*SSA*85+113
15 November 1985

ANGOLA

FIGURES REPORTED FOR HUILA PRODUCTION SECTOR
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 13 Sep 85 p 3
[article by J. Gracas "Nonfulfillment of Plans in the Productive Sector"]

[Text] Lubango--Although the productive sector in the province of Huila has
shown some improvement and certain progress has been made, facilitated by the
import "ceiling" assigned to the province to guarantee technical-material
supplies, production in the first half of this year was again not of the best.
This explains the limited progress noted in the farm sector, due in part to
the low level of organization at the provincial farm office and the respective
offices of related enterprises, and the lack of effective control over the
activities planned and both the domestic and foreign labor force.

According to the report of the Huila provincial commissioners!’ office which
was presented at the recent regular session of the provincial people's
assembly attended by our reporter, practically all of the automotive, machine
and tractor fleets have been paralyzed, inadequate quantities of imported
seeds have arrived late, and rainfall has been irregular.

The annual production plans for this typically agricultural province called
for 4,000 tons of corn, 150 of beans, 100 of massango, 40 of feed sorghum,
1600 of cow peas and sweet potatoes and 50 of garlic, in addition to wheat and
rice, for which figures were not established. It is very doubtful that as
things are going, the province will reach even 50 percent of these totals.

The report of the provincial commissioner's office stresses that, except for
the plants producing feed and the Matala Farm Complex, the economic and
financial situation continues to be negative, with losses already estimated in
the millions in the production unit groups alone.

Another equally negative factor noted in the report is the fact that it
continues to be difficult to get the promised deliveries of private products
to the farm sector.

If little progress has been seen in the crop production sector, the document
stresses, ground has been lost in livestock breeding due to the notoriously
inadequate role played by the Ministry of Internal Trade in livestock
marketing in the rural sector.

11



JPRS“SSA=850113
15 November 1985

ZIMBABWE

NEIGHBORS BACK ACTION PLAN FOR ZAMBEZI BASIN
Harare THE HERALD in English 18 Oct 85 p 7

[Text] An action plan to manage effectively the quality of surface and ground
water resources was yesterday unanimously approved by the countries of the
Zambezi basin.

Presenting its recommendations for the plan, Zimbabwean delegates said at the
regional seminar in Harare it was necessary to establish effluent standards
and intensify environmental programmes for the countries concerned.

Zimbabwe also recommended that priority be given to development projects along
the river and that underground water systems of the Zambezi and its
tributaries be studied.

There was concern over the downstream effects of the Kariba and Cabora~Bassa
dams on the Zambezi because they blocked the floods resulting in lowered water
tables and increased salinity dowmstream, affecting the vegetation.

Therefore, it was necessary for countries in the basin to exchange information
on what they were doing with the river.

Outlining Zimbabwe's water conservation programme the delegation said it had
become necessary to build dams to store run~off water and have bore~holes and
wells to meet needs of the people.

Zimbabwe had no natural lakes and as a result depended on rainwater for both
industrial, domestic, mining and agricultural use. The delegation also said
the shortage was worsened by high evaporation rates.

To support the water conservation programme, the Government had set
regulations barring cultivation on wetlands and leaving 30 metres from all
streambanks free of cultivation.

/13104
cso: 3400/296

w



JPRS*SSA+85-113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTATOR NOTICES SILENT CRY FROM WHITE COMMUNITY

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 14 Oct 85 p 5

[Commentary by Aggrey Klaaste in "On The Line" column]

[Text]

black community is
sometimes echoed
by a silent cry from
white people; peo-
ple who fear they
have become specta-

. tors in a drama that
_ is likely to bring

them down in the
flames — with us.

HE scream of
anger and de- ;
spair inthe

You will perhaps |

rightly scoff at this and -

claim such signals are
like straws in the hurri-
cane.

To be sure the cyni-
cism built into me and

would presume

others like me, tends
to sense ulterior mo-
tives to the most sin-
cere appeals to under-
standing and reconcil-
iation, especially from

» “them”,

So that the first
white caller who con-
gratulated me on the
piece I did on my trip

; abroad, seemed more

impressed at my at-

“tacking the British for

their insidious racisin,
than on my concealed
message of hope. I

94

may be weak but I
cling onto hope —
even in the darkest of
times. :

The man who spoke
to me did not make
things easier because
his voice was heavily
Afrikaans accented, a
thing that did not full
my suspicions.

I became quite dis-
gusted with myself for
these unseemly
doubts, something I
despair of in others.

I might add. in pa-
renthesis that Denis
Beckett has written a
splendid book called

Permanent. Peace,: |
which I will review this
week:

As soon as some of |
my friends heard the
name Beckett they
turned their nostrils up.
in obvious disgust.
Damned the fellow be-
fore they even studied
the script!

Cheers

I was cheered and
even touched by
another white caller, a
businessman who, for
asons best known to
himself and perhaps
quite obvious to me,



JPRS*SSA*85*113
15 November 1985

ANGOLA

BRIEFS

FIRST LCB COURSE--Saurimo--The first Struggle Against Bandits (LCB) course for
state security troops, which was offered at the Commander Kuenha Kuangunga
Training Center in this city, was concluded recently with a ceremony at which
Luis Paulo Dokui de Castro, provincial commissioner for Lunda-Sul, presided.
During the ceremony, which was attended by members of the provincial party
committee and representatives of the government, the young soldiers took the
pledge of honor to the people and the fatherland to use the experience gained
for combatting internationalism imperialism, which is making use of the UNITA
[National Union for the Total Independence of Angola] as its spearhead. On
this occasion, the provincial commissioner drew the attention of the young men
to the need to spare no effort in combatting the foreign and domestic enemies
of the Angolan revolution. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DO ANGOLA in Portuguese 11
Sep 85 p 12] 5157

REFUGEES IN MALANGE--Malange--A total of 30,083 displaced persons and 937
refugees are located in camps in this province under the care of the
Provincial Social Affairs Office, the ANGOP {ANGOLAN PRESS AGENCY] has learned
from a reliable source in this city. The same source says that this office is
also providing support to a substantial number of elderly and physically
handicapped persons located in the province, who are benefitting from supplies
of food and industrial goods. In this connection, and with a view to better
control, two temporary homes were established, with allocations of 60 persons
each, including the elderly and the handicapped. It was also stressed that
there are orphans being given family care. It was also learned from this
source that the activities planned for the first half of this year included
the holding of a seminar for social activists, with health personnel, OMA
[Organization of Angolan Women] activists, and social affairs agents
participating. It was also reported that a Toyota vehicle has been received.
It will help with the problem of transporting those who are sick. [Text]
[Luanda JORNAL DO ANGOLA in Portuguese 13 Sep 85 p 3] 5157

RELATIONS WITH PERU--The Peruvian minister of foreign relations has announced
the establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of
Angola on the ambassadorial level. This agreement, according to the foreign
minister, comes within the government policy of expanding relations with the
African continent and the nonaligned countries and condemnation of the illegal
occupation of Namibia and all forms of racial discrimination. The diplomatic
relations established with Angola do not, require that residential embassies be

16



A future gradual substitution of gaso-
line and diesel fuel with methanol from
natural gas in the SADCC area would be
an interesting proposition, _ paralleling
the National Alcohol Program in Brazil. #

cso: 3400/237

45



/9312
cso:

What he did say on
Tuesday was that the atti-
tude of the four to the tri-
al was one of “complete
indifference”. The accus-
ed did not wish to partici-
pate in the trial and there-

fore he (Mr Kuny) could
not speak on their behalf.

Also, Mr Justice Wil-
son, who is presiding over
the trial, only interrupted
after one of the accused
— Buthelezi — had be-

gun reading a statement -

in court on Tuesday.

The Citizen reported
on Wednesday that Mr :
Justice Wilson had war- |
ned Buthelezi that he /
could prejudice his case :
before he read the state- ©
ment.

3400/252

90



JPRS*SSA*85=113
15 November 1985

POLITICS BEHIND EVACUATION FROM IVORY COAST DISCUSSED

London TALKING DRUMS in English 7 Oct 85 pp 12-13

[Article by Ben Mensah]

[Text] The African Football Confederation
(AFC) has imposed an indefinite ban
on the Kumasi Sports Stadium follow-
ing crowd violence that characterised
the African Nations Cup match
between Ghana and the Ivory Coast at
the Stadium.

The match ended in a goalless draw
but the Ivory Coast, having won the
first leg 2-0, qualified for next year’s
final in Egypt. Ghanaian fans who
were dissatisfied with the trend of the
game started throwing various objects
at the match officials. A linesman was
injured and the players and other
officials had to take refuge in the
middle of the pitch to avoid being hit.

Both the AFC decision and the
Kumasi incident would have passed off
simply as part of the growing scenario
of hooliganism which has characterised
the game of football in many parts of
the world but for the weird reaction of
the Ghanaian military authorities to
the AFC decision, the serious repercus-
sions of the Kumasi incident in the
Ivory Coast and finally the cavalier
method in which the Ghana
government is handling relations with
the Ivory Coast.

First the arrival back home of the
Ivorian players and supporters with the
distorted news of the Kumasi incident
immediately incensed their compatriots
into retaliatory acts against Ghanaians
resident in that country. Four
Ghanaian women, one of whom was
pregnant, were reported missing after
an angry crowd threw them into a
lagoon in Abidjan and Ghanaian-
owned shops were looted.

These attacks prompted the Ghana
government not only to issue a
statement advising all Ghanaian
residents in the Ivory Coast to return
home but also provided an opportunity
for the Ghanaian military authorities

to put the banned Kumasi Sports
Stadium to another use. For instead of
shutting the stadium to international
matches as ordered by the AFC, the
Ashanti Regional Administrative
Officer, Mr Sam Darkwa, declared the
Kumasi Stadium a disembarkation
point for Ghanaians who would be
returning home from the Ivory Coast

in response to the government’s
appeal. A sub-committee appointed to
supervise arrangements for the
returnees announced that the returnees
would be driven straight to the Kumasi
Stadium where Dr U.A. Sogbotia will
screen them so that those found to be
carriers of diseases might be
hospitalised. The Stadium was to be

used for this purpose until the
repatriation exercise was completed.
By this decision the Ghanaian
military authorities have rendered the
AFC ban on the Kumasi Sports
Stadium irrelevant and demonstrated
that a sports stadium could be put to
other uses in times of ‘revolution’.
Another strange decision of
Ghanaian military authorities in
connection with the incident of the
hooliganism and its repercussions lies
in the frantic appeal to Ghanaians
resident in the Ivory Coast to return
home. Under normal circumstances it

28

GHANA



JPRS*SSA*85~113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SETTLEMENTS BANK MEETING SPARKS GERMAN YOUTH PROTEST
Munich SUEDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG in German 10 Sep 85 p 22

[Text] Frankfurt (dpa/vwd)--The bank for International Settlements (BIS) met
yesterday for its routine session in Basel. According to information of
Frankfurt banking circles, South Africa's central bank chief Gerhard de Kock
also participates in the two-day deliberations. As the German Federal Bank in
Frankfurt confirmed in response to an inquiry, Federal Bank President Karl Otto
Poehl also participates in this session. He had met the colleague from South
Africa last Friday evening in Frankfurt. De Kock's participation, however, was
not confirmed by the BIS.

As could be further ascertained from banking circles in Frankfurt, de Kock had
conducted separate talks with the German banks prior to the meeting with Poehl.
In these talks the priority interest of the central bank governor from South
Africa was to convert short-term credits to a longer period. However, thus far
nothing tangible has as yet come out of these talks. South Africa owes the
German banks an estimated 1.8 billion U.S. dollars. An important role is also
assigned to the BIS meeting in Basel against the background of the not yet
successful talks. Banking circles assume that in this connection granting of
credits could be agreed against gold collateral.

The Social Democratic youth organization--Young Socialists in the SPD--had
requested credit banking to stop selling Krugerrand gold coins and to end all
credit relations with South Africa. It is stated in an appeal to the SPD groups
in the Kreis councils and city councils that the elected local Social Democratic
representatives have also been so challenged. The apartheid system is being
stabilized by the sale of Krugerrand gold coins by the Kreis and city savings
banks. The SPD members in the board of directors of the savings banks are also
called upon to propose stopping the sale of these coins.

12356
cso: 3420/6

128



During the period under analysis, the report says, the quantities marketed in
the province included cattle weighing 1,000 tons, swine weighing 2,430 and
goats weighing 1,132, purchased for the sum of 8,887,767 kwanzas. Of this
total, 6,525 head were slaughtered and sold to the people.

With regard to the DNACA, which is still in the organizational stage, since it
has just been established, the production indices for this first harvest were
also less than desired. About 11,575 first-level members and 42,680 third-
level members used draft animals to plow 169 hectares, such that the harvest
from the land plowed is not likely to reach 50 percent of the planned total.

It might be noted that last year, because of the high losses reported for the
production unit groups, the local authorities transferred the majority of them
to the private sector and to the agrarian development stations.

Construction Materials Shortage

Like the agricultural and industrial sectors, construction in the province of
Huila suffered greatly during the first half of this year, the provincial
commissioner's office confirmed in its report to the provincial people's
assembly.

At the provincial buildings office, for example, the main hindrance to the
proper advance of the work in the sector was the shortage of construction
materials, including iron, cement, wood, glass, tiles and other items.

The enterprise did not begin the planned projects, specifically housing in
Lubango and Chibia, the repair of the wood enterprise in Huila, wood dryers
for machinery for the municipal slaughterhouse in Lubango and the second-level
school in Chiange, due to the lack of materials, Its activity was limited to
minor repairs and the finishing of some projects, as a result of which it took
in about 2,277,000 kwanzas. However, improvement was noted at the provincial
office of the Construction Materials Institute (IMC), which produced high-
quality mosaic products, window and door frames and bricks, which made it
possible for the enterprise to cease to rely on the OGE to cover its
expenditures.

Even so, the document said, failure to fulfill about 30 percent of the plan
was noted, because of the failure to undertake the production of cement
blocks, marble mosaics and quicklime, and a small percentage of broken
mosaics, crushed rock and first-quality solid woods.

The main factors in the bottleneck at the IMC office, according to the report,
were the lack of cement, breakdowns of transport vehicles and excavators and
the poor state of the equipment.

With manpower totaling more than 375 men, the buildings office, which
fulfilled 70 percent of its plan for the half year in extraplan activities,
also encountered great difficulties in obtaining supplies of materials on the
central level, as well as transport vehicles.

12



Inua Wada - UN representative during the last
civilian era - also emerged from detention. Ex-
President Shehu Shagari has been moved to Lagos
where he is under house arrest. His son, Capt. (retd.)
Mohammed Bala Shagari, saw him last month, for
the first time since the 1983 coup. He subsequently
said that his father had put on weight and had
spent happy hours studying the Koran, but preferred
prison to house arrest. The former vice-president,
Alex Ekwueme, whose detention in prison evoked
unfavourable comparison with the treatment of
Shagari during the Buhari regime (it was regarded
as yet another act of discrimination against a south-
erner), has also been put under house arrest.

There is little doubt that Babangida means to
release everybody he possibly can, although in the
case of tycoons against whom corruption charges
have been brought, this is only being done on condi-
tion that they repay a large part of their ill-gotten
wealth. However, such exiles as Umaru Dikko, who
have expressed the wish to return to Nigeria, are
unlikely to avail themselves of the AFRC’s invitation
to do so: the condition for their return is that the
charges against them would proceed. Even Waziri
Ibrahim, not a refugee from the 1983 coup but an
exile in London since the earlier 1983 elections, has
stayed away. The former Great Nigerian People’s
Party (GNPP) leader is said to be in touch with

recently released National Party of Nigeria (NPN)
leaders, to assess the political climate.

The rapidity of all these developments has made
organised opposition to Babangida unlikely for the
time being. Nevertheless, the north, which has lost
most in the coup, is starting to reappraise its posi-
tion. Umaru Ali Shinkafi, now investigating the
National Security Organisation (NSO) (AC Vol 26
No 19), is likely to exceed the four-week.time limit
on this task to increase his. chances of reasserting
his influence. :

A row has broken out in Sokoto over the succes-
sion to the most influential position in northern
Nigeria, at least until recently - the throne of the
Sultan, spiritual leader of the Muslims and descen-
dant of the nineteenth century warrior saint, Usman
DanFodio, who led the jihad. which united the
Nigerian emirates.

The present incumbent, Sir Abubakar III, is age-
ing, but the question of his successor has become
immensely more significant since Sokoto and the
rest of the true north suffered an eclipse of power
as a result of Babangida’s coup. A member of the
Sultan’s entourage said last month that the office of
Sultan was confined to the offspring of only two of
DanFodio’s sons, excluding a third, - a certain

56



Zieler: I am willing to concede this: if the economy were in a phase of
great upswing so that, from an economic viewpoint, we really should have
to invest, but the political situation would present a risk, then one
would have to consider if we should not be cautious for political reasons.

Schumacher: At the present time, then, the question of new investments
does not arise for you?

Zieler: Correct, because an economy seldom moves upward when the political
situation is unstable.

Schumacher: Because of the political unrest, several foreign banks have
decided to give South Africa no further loans. Doesn't that make you
think?

Zieler: The fact that the new banking situation came overnight seems to
indicate a strangely concerted action.

Schumacher: How so?

Zieler: Public opinion has put strong pressure on enterprises like the
Chase Manhattan Bank. No one can then afford to say: I'll stick faithfully
to South Africa.

Schumacher: In this country, foreign industry representatives living here
and the government are in strange agreement: one feels misunderstood by
public opinion abroad. It is frequently said that it is all the media's
fault. What did foreign public opinion contribute so that Blacks in the
townships mounted the barricades against apartheid?

Zieler: Public opinion in the world shows clearly noticeable traits of
hysteria. Lastly, it lacks an analysis of the situation here. I regret
that it largely lacks constructive elements. One criticizes conditions——
and I have nothing against that--which even the government is quite aware
of.

Schumacher: Being aware, perhaps, but evidently one does not draw the
conclusion to abolish apartheid.

Zieler: I do not dispute that apartheid is seen as morally reprehensible.
Apartheid is economically destructive and stands in the way of building a
healthy economy. In the last analysis, this can only be carried out by a
population that has been given hope. It can't be done without civil
rights. This realization has penetrated the leadership class, government,
administration, and industry to such an extent that the critical
contribution of world opinion is no longer needed on that which is called
apartheid.

Schumacher: Other countries are to ignore the most recent events of
bloodshed in South Africa?

125



CONCERN OVER TRANSKEI DETAINEES

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 14 Oct 85 p 3

[Text]

cso:

JPRS*SSA*85~*113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

TRANSKEI has the largest number of people detained without trial after
the Transvaal according to the Detainees Parents Support Group.
‘Civil rights activists and academics are increasingly apprehensive
about their safety with what they call Transkei’s reign of terror:
The vice-president of the University of Transkei’s Students Represen-;
tative Council was murdered recently and another activist escaped kid-'

nappers. .

A teacher was mur- |
dered in the Umzinkulu
district, boycotts and
unrest have plagued
schools, discontent con-
tinues at Unitra and
there have been re- |
peated reports of clashes
between police and ar-
med men.

Sitembele Zokwe was
kidnapped at gunpoint
froma Butterworth
street, but was released |
to Umtata police after
several hours.

Unitra vice-president
Bathandwa Ndondo,
left his Cala home for
questioning by Security
Police.

According to one aca-
demic, Mr Ndondo was
last seen trying to escape
from a minibus. He
screamed “Help me, I
am dying,” as he es-
caped from the vehicle,
but was later shot dead.

+Police have opened a
murder docket.

3400/239

In September, at least

+872 people were in de-

tention under the Public
Security laws and re-
cently included two
members of the Trans-
kei Legislative As-
sembly, a magistrate,
several doctors, lawyers,
businesstnen: and a cin-
ema manager.

Deported

Since April last: year,
staff and students at
Unitra have either been
detained or deported.
Last week 10 women
were deported, nine of
whom were said to be
“non-Transkeian”.

In May, 600 students
from Sigogo High
School were detained.
In September, about 400
pupils from Cala High
School were detained.
And 390 Umtata Tech-
nical College students
were arrested for boy-
cotting classes.

Academics and civil
tights activists are claim-
ing cover-ups anda

109

South African link to
the death of Ndondo.
One of the murderers is
alleged to be a Trans-
keian in the South Afri-
can Police.

A prominent Umtata

lawyer, Dumisa Ntse-
beza, was detained
while working on the
cover-up.

A civil rights activist
believes the escalating
repression reflects grow-
ing government concern
about ‘African National
Congress activity in the
area.



JPRS*SSA+85*113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

COSCO SPOKESMAN ON CELEBRATING DECADE OF BLACK RIOTS
Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 9 Oct 85 p 5

[Text] BLACK people in this 100 years, white.
country cannot rejoice Johannesburg has en-
100 years of exploitory; _ joyed the riches, com-
crimes perpetrated fort, luxury and good
against them, and will . health, while black
use their energies to people have been ill-
commemoratea rewarded, exposed to
decade of the 1976 ri-, extreme poverty and
ots, instead of partic-|_ - exploitation.
ipating in the Johan-| Mr Lengane said 1986,
nesburg Centenary| the decade following
programme next year. June 1976 “brutality”,

This was said by Mr Jef is the year when black
ferson Lengane,' people of this country
spokesman ofthe will remember the
Community Support blood that flowed
Committee (Cosco) when Hector Peterson
which is the brainchild. and many othérs,
of the Azanian Peo- young and old, died as

ple's Organisation and _ they fried to free them-
includes a number of selves of the shackles

other bodies, as wellas Of a slave education. .
prominent individuals. . Soweto can never re-
Vie said: “1986 is the joice in the celebration
year everybody, every- ; _ Of Johannesburg.
where will know every- Cosco has called on all
thing about Johannes- | members of the com-

- munity, including
burg ge, Gaklen) sportspeople, artists,
as it will be celeb: ti >; musicians, businesses
as rating and churches, not to
its century of existen-. take part in the pro-
an yramme,.and also ap-
Cosco said the fun-fare peated to trade unions
promises to be an ex- ta help effect the call.
travaganza that South. Mr Lengane said Cosco
Africans have not yet will also release details
seen with over R100 of 4 commemoration
million being set aside’ programme for black
forthe “wasteful people which will coin-

events of the year-long cide with the centenary
programme.” In the celebrations.

cso: 3400/239

lil



HSRC Chairman on Nation's Bad Democratic Record

(Marinus Wiechers; SUNDAY TIMES, 13 Oct 85) ....... 138
Renamo Diaries Raise Questions on Credibility of SADF

(Ken Owen; SUNDAY TIMES, 13 Oct 85) wecesseeee 140
Briefs

Aid for Electronics Industry 142
Briefs

Contract With Gaullist Party 143

Debt Rescheduling Arranged 143
New Party Makes Political Comments

(WEEKLY FOCUS, 24 Sep 85) ceesceeeescecsccseeerereseeens 144
Some Luzira Political Prisoners Released

(WEEKLY FOCUS, 24 Sep 85) sscscecsceccecccccececscsvseee 146
New Political Parties Each Want Ministerial Post

(WEEKLY FOCUS, 17 Sep 85) .scecceceescecserevesevescenes 147
Exiles Await Results of Peace Talks

(MUNNANST, 18 Sep 85) ceccesecceccccecncrserccseeeescere 149
New Political Party Announced

(MUNNANST, 13 Sep 85) sevceeeececceecececceceeteesecenee 150
North Korean Denial of Accusations

(MUNNANSL, 7 Sep 85) sesvecvscevccecveecseeeeserenceeacs 151

ZIMBABWE

Trade, Transport Dominate Pre-Summit ACP Talks

(THE HERALD, 18 Oct 85) . weeeeee 152
Lift Barriers To Trade Within ACP, Says Munangagwa

(THE HERALD, 18 Oct 85) sesceceveeceececcreecesceeeeeees 153
Center To Assist Rural Technology

(THE CHRONICLE, 10 Oct 85) .ssceeeececeececcceececseees 154
Neighbors Back Action Plan for Zambezi Basin

(THE HERALD, 18 Oct 85) ceseccscceecceeceeesesteeeceeees 155



WITNESS TRAINED BY ANC IN ANGOLA, SOVIET UNION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 170ct 85 p 8

[Text]

A WITNESS, who
cannot be identified,
told the Estcourt Cir-
cuit Court yesterday
how he left South Afri-
ca in 1981 and later
underwent training
both in Angola and in
Soviet Russia.

Mr “X” described in
lengthy evidence how he
later returned to the Re-
public in 1984 and went to
the Ingwavuma district in
Zululand to carry out an
ANC mission, but he lat-
er became disillusioned
with the organisation and
left them.

He was eventually ar-
rested by the police on
Octobet 15, 1984 and lat-
e pointed out to the
police various areas in
Ingwavuma which he had
covered during his ANC
mission.

Mr *X”” was giving evi-
dence before Mr Justice
Andrew Wilson, who is
presiding over the trial of
13 people — 12 men anda
woman — who are facing
charges of contravening
the Terrorism Act and be-
ing illegally in possession
of arms and ammunition.

Mr Justice Wilson
cleared the court of spec-
tators yesterday after an
application to do so by Mr
Ross Stuart, who was
prosecuting for the State,
but allowed the Press to
stay but not identify the
man.

Mr “X” said that in
1981 he and a friend went
to Swaziland.

They crossed into Mo-
zambique, where he be-
lieved he was going to fur-
ther his education.

Ata flat, in Maputo he
began to learn about
ANC policies.

He also learned the
aims and objects of the
ANC — to “liberate” the
Black people who were
“oppressed”.

In about November
1982 he was with a group
of about 40 who flew out
of Maputo to Angola and
were taken to a camp
called Vianana.

At this camp he saw
one of the accused, Mr
Norbert Buthelezi.

At this camp he receiv-
ed training in the use of
AK-47 rifles, hand gre-
nades, machine guns, Ma-
karov pistols and rocket

88

JPRS*SSA*85+113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



made it clear that
LAP, LUP and UP had
no intention to boy-
cott the elections,
but according to him,
if the conditions
they laid down to
SECOM were not met,
“we would find it
impracticable to par-
ticipate in the elec-
tions"

He said not to par-
ticipate in the elec-
tions is quite
different from boy-
cotting, because as
he put it, to do so
the parties would be
lending the elections
“undeserved credibi-
lity".

Earlier during the
Previous meeting, Mr.
Smith noted that
because the political
parties have been in
contact with SECOM
most of the time, it
would have been ex-
pedient for the
Commission to have
given the "first hand
communication before
announcing the 25
foot distance to the
BBC.

He pointed out that
if the parties had
accepted the previous
decision taken by

19274
cso: 3400/259

SECOM, it would have
meant that the re-
sults of the ballots
would have also been
accepted by the party
representatives who
have to take an oath
before the counting
of the ballots.

He said it is due
to this that the
parties did not acce-
pt the decision
because they felt
that the interest of
the people had been
tampered with.

Speaking earlier,
the Secretary-General
of LUP, Mr. Kabawor-
sinah B.K. Sando,
observed that a dis-
tance of 25 feet away
from the ballot
papers bearing "fine
prints" would make
the writing too dim
and not recognizable
at night to assure
the . representatives
that the ballot
papers counted in
favour of each can-
didate is the actual,
true and = correct
figure especially as
the counting would be
done at night.

He said the re-
gisctered voters who

33

would vote in favour
of LUP candidates
will not have all
confidence in the
truthfulness of the
figures as shall be
ascribed to their
candidates should the
LUP representatives
stand about 25 feet
away from the tables
where the ballots
would be counted.

For his part, the
Secretary-General of
LAP, Dr. S. Byron
Tarr, said the party
did not accept 25
feet as said by SECOM,

But the Campaign
Manager of NDPL, Mr.
Bai M. Gbala, noted
that the law is the
basis for governing
and it is for this
reason that the law
is made.

He added that NDPL
maintains its posi-
tion of obeying the
law, and there was no
reason for which the
party would raise
arguments over any
aspect of the law.

However, it was
after these various
remarks that SECOM
and the- parties went
into a closed door



JPRS“SSA+85~113
15 November 1985

ZIMBABWE

LIFT BARRIERS TO TRADE WITHIN ACP, SAYS MUNANGAGWA.
Harare THE HERALD in English 18 Oct 85 p 1

[Text] Members of the African, Caribbean and Pacific group of states should
encourage trade between themselves, the acting Minister of Trade and Commerce,
Cde Emmerson Munangagwa, said yesterday.

Opening a two-day meeting of ACP experts and ambassadors in Harare, Cde
Munangagwa said individual countries in the group imposed tariffs and other
trade barriers to raise revenue and protect infant industries.

“But this should not be used as a weapon to hamper trade expansion among ACP
countries."

This was one of several obstacles which had resulted in the resolutions made
by an ACP council of minsiters meeting on intra-ACP trade in 1980 not being
translated into "meaningful and workable programmes of action.”

Other obstacles were the lack of direct contact between importers and
exporters from different ACP countries, payments problems and the inadequacy
of viable transport and communications links between member states.

"Most ACP regional organisations are doing a commendable job of surmounting
these problems and promoting regional trade. What is required is for these
regional organisations to co-operate in promoting over-all intra-ACP trade."

As the development of intra-ACP co-operation would require funding, he
suggested that part of the funds allocated to the African Development Fund
under Lome III should be used to supplement ACP resources for this purpose.

The chairman of the ACP Committee of Ambassadors, Mr Zachee Mongo So'o of
Cameroon, said he believed enough theoretical research on the issue of
intra-ACP co-operation had taken place over the first 10 years of the ACP's
existence, and it was now time to act on the knowledge gained.

Other regional groupings like PTA, SADCC, Ecowas and Caricom had already been
formed to step up co-operation and any moves by the ACP to increase
co-operation could only enhance this process.

He suggested that the implementation of Lome III should go hand in hand with
the adoption of new guidelines for intra-ACP co-operation

/13104

cso: 3400/296
153



JPRS*SSA*85~*113
15 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

GERMAN INDUSTRY HOPES TO MAINTAIN STATUS QUO IN SOUTH AFRICA

Firms Perform Balancing Act

Hamburg DIE ZEIT in German 13 Sep 85 pp 25-26

[Article by Hans Otto Eglau: “Balancing Act on the Powder Keg" / German
Firms in South Africa Do Not Yet Consider Withdrawal]

[Text] Marcus Bierich, chairman of Robert Bosch GmbH management, quickly
spread the good news around: the chief of the enterprise announced on the
press ticker at the end of last week that in his South African plant in
Brits, not far from Johannesburg, the predominantly black employees had
been granted the highest hourly wages in all of the region in a wage
contract negotiated only hours before.

Agreement was only reaehed in the early hours of 6 September, after tough,
and in its final phase dramatic, wrangling. The negotiations, started in
July between the local Bosch management and the mixed-race trade union
“Metal and Allied Workers Union” (MAWU), threatened to fail when the
Germans, after two previous work stoppages, simply locked out the 500
angry workers who barricaded themselves in protest in the factory canteen.
Only upon orders from the Bosch home office in Stuttgart did the factory
management relent; it rehired all employees, waiving disciplinary
measures, and calmed things down with a wage settlement unthinkable in
normal times.

The events at Bosch are not unique in the midst of a volatile situation,
additionally charged by sanctions announced from outside and economic
emergency measures from within. Only in July were there similar moves in
the five South African Siemens plants. MAWU, influenced heavily by grass-
roots democracy and largely unpredictable, which is one of four trade
unions active at Siemens, insisted on direct wage negotiations with the
German multinational managers. Siemens, on the other hand, is a member of
the "Industrial Council" which functions as the official party to a
collective agreement, and as the “court supplier” of telephone exchanges
and other high-tech products ordered by public authorities, it can hardly
sheer away from it. In order to contain the conflict, the plant manage-
ment-—~-considered too strict even by well-meaning observers--first of all
fired instantly 1,300 out of a total of 6,000 employees, a common practice
in the Cape republic. Only after lengthy negotiations and arbitration
proceedings did the Siemens representatives gradually rehire the fired
personnel, except for a hard core of 14 ringleaders.

WW, after Siemens the largest German employer in the apartheid state and
with its production located in the midst of the politically hot region
around Port Said, had to live through a strike in July, also. Some of the
black shop stewards, elected as trade union negotiators by the workers,
had been picked up by the police in their townships for interrogations
before work started. In protest, a large number of the workers went on
strike.

* 120



wanted to know what

was happening in the
townships. You will
say this is typical of
white South Africa.
You will, perhaps,
rightly say that people
abroad know more
about the black town-
ships than our white
folk living in the same
country as us.

And then I went toa
party (because I was
forced to out of cour-
tesy) and was as-
tounded when I be-
came the hub of the

wheel to whites eager ;

to know what was hap-
pening. These people,
who were from the up-
per class circuits in
Johannesburg, had the
most amazing igno-
rance of the extent to
which hatred was be-
ing fuelled in black
townships.

They did not even
know, or pretended
not to, that there were
soldiers in the town-
ships.

The elderly gen-

tleman who started the
whole thing rather

touched my heart |

when he repeatedly
and somewhat helpless-
ly said: “What can we
say, what can we say.”

I must say I laid it on
thick, in a way getting
back at these wealthy
folk, who seemed so
terribly removed from
the cancer eating at my
country, their country.

It was while I was on
the line to the white
businessman, trying to

explain if parents in

the townships have be-
come cowards or deca-

* dent in their inability
to control their child-
ren, that the thought
struck me.

95

1 have written be-
fore about the manner
in which we have
turned children into
monsters. ] seemed to
have ignored another
devastating element in
this equation. This is,
we are turning black
and white kids into
monsters.

What type of legacy
do we think we are
leaving these children?
I will briefly try to jog
your memory or your
interest.

Three quarters of
the adult black popula-
tion is not in the town-
ships — five days a
week. We work in
town. The children are
left to their devices.
We sit in the comfort,
such as it is, of our
jobs, growing grey pre-
maturely about what
might be happening,
what is in fact happen-
ing back home.

Anger

Tseem to remember
June 16, 1976 rather
vividly. I was not even
at work but doing a

course in the centre of |

city when the news hit
the town, The children
had at last met vio-
lently with the police,
Somanykidsdead. *

The township was
rising slowly inits
anger. We dashed for
taxis, for buses, for
anything to be back
home. We walked
straight into the caul-
dron of anger. We
joined it adding our
anger, hate and frus-
tration that this thing
had to happen to our
kids. ©

It was a crowning
experience to release
our fears and anger on.



19274
cso:

3400/259

concerned with mat-
ters affecting the
abuse of civil rights
would make the claim
that he has not been
officially advised.

Dr.. Tarr noted that
LAP believes in law
and order, adding,
“we expect and hold
the’ government res-
ponsible for protect-
ing us, irrespective
of political affilia-
tion and we hope that
it would be the
case.°

UP Chairman Smith
wanted some qlarifi-
cation from the Com-
mission whether or
not political parties
are free to canvass
for seats in view of
the alleged harass-
ments with just eight
days to the elections
on October 15.

He emphasized that
these alleged harass-
ments and the “gross
abuse of the civil
and human rights of
partisans of other
political parties are
becoming unbearable

He said: "We are
all Liberian citi-
zens; these elections
will pass, but we
will remain here as
Liberian citizens and
brothers and sis-
ters." .

Mr. Smith pointed

out. that LAP and UP

would be encouraging ©

lawlessness if any

36

-in defense of

of their partisans
were “fighting back"
the,
alleged harassments
and humiliations they
encounter during this
electoral process.

Noting that ‘we do
not want to be law-
less," Mr. Smith then
asked SECOM Chairman
Harmon, "you are
charged. with the res-
ponsibility of con-
ducting these elec-
tions, to whom do we
ery for help?"

In response, Chair-
man Harmon said the
Commission has sche-
duled visits to those
areas, and promised.
to do something about
the reports of the
acts of humiliation
and harassment meted
out to members of LAP
and UP.

He indicated that
before these politi-
cal parties go out
to those counties for
campaigning, the Com-
mission must be’ in-
formed to advise the
Minister of Internal
Affairs who in turn
would advise the
county leaders.

He said if this is
done and problems
arise in-the coun-
ties, SECOM would not
hesitate to take a
“stronger position."