cso:

3400/834

years, material and: intellectual re-
sources to produce one. it is aimed at
Providing checks and balances for the
smooth, efficient and guided running
of the society. And for anyone or
group to therefore try to bend it to
satisfy the caprices of an individual, is
a sad thing, indeed. The danger lies in
the fact that if the country’s highest
body of laws is not respected, not the
least by its leaders, lesser laws: which
issue forth from it will surely suffer
the same, if not, worse. fate. Society
will surely be the ultimate. loser for
that.

The philosophy that limits-.a ruler’s terms
to. two: can hardly be fauited. It rests
on the realisation that.no-man is indis-
pensablie in any polity as he cannot,
of course, have a monopoly of talents:
to steer the ship of state ail alone.

But what the. Malian party and, per-
haps, Traore himself are bent on
doing is to give the impression that
Traore, who has already ruled Mali for
17 years,. is indispensable. This. is.
debatable.. This African country may
not collapse if Traore is not in:control,

What is. sadly ignored by many. an: Afri-
can leader is that constitutional mani-
pulation to enable an: individual to
remain in. office only provides fertile
grounds for coups as there exists, no.
alternative of effecting change. It is:
not too late for the Malian president
to come to an accommodation. with

. this reality. If he does, then he.

wouldn't stay a-day fonger at the. end
of his present term. This way, the
Malian constitution he swore to
uphold can be saved a dangerous
subversion.

55



cso:

3400/851

ment for all Froups, on a basis

which will afford full and ac-

ceptable protection of the inter-
s of population minorities.

I. only real alternative to
these principles for peace and
stability is a radical partition of
the country, which is not only.
impracticable but draws sup-
port from only a fairly small
minority of whites.

A vast majority of Qegple in
ir pre-

all prow whatever

sent political commitments,
realise the need for reasonable
compromises, even though they
may not express rt for
such compromises atthe pre-

sent time.

The time to ernbark on this:
course is now. ©

119



The Various 25. June Celebrations

However, 25 June in Gaza was not. marked merely ‘by the parade and the rally
held on that date. The program of: festivities began on 15. June, with the
holding of mobilization meetings on the local work and residential level,
the showing of films dealing with the date in Xai-Xai, Chokwe and Macia
and the holding of cleaning and beautification drives-in the cities.

A few days later, two exhibitions were opened, one of ftems made by. ‘innovators
and inventors from the city of Xai~Xai, and another of photography and arts
and crafts items.

On 24 June, a new water supply system was opened in the Patrice Lumumba
Communal District and the first stone was installed for the construction of
the future Independence Square.

Nevertheless, the largest of all. the events celebrating :25. June in Gaza-was
the opening of the first edition of the Provincial. Economic Fair, an event

of major economic and social importance’ on the provincial level. FEG/85 is
an example of the potential that the province has in the areas of agriculture,
commerce, construction,small industries and other economic and social activi-
ties. At FEG/85, cultural and recreational activities are also taking place,
with the performances of several song and dance cultural groups and the
holding of various games. .

2909
CSO: © 3442/351

21



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sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
jast line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, -the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names precéded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source. .

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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JPRS*SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

ANOTHER VIEW ON MEANING OF EMERGENCY DECLARATION

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 28 Jul 85 p 26

[Article by Ken Owen]

[Text]

FAR BE it from me to sus-
pect President Botha of re-
straint — the man’s temper
is notorious — but there’s
something odd about the
State of Emergency.

For one thing, the emergency
powers conferred on the police

under the Public Safety Act are «

no more draconian — to use a
currently popular adjective —
than the powers which their sen-
ior officers enjoy under the Po-
lice Act and the Internal Secur-
ity Act in the normal course of
South African life. Indeed, they

detention law passed by Mr
John Vorster in 1964. Ninety
days stretched to 180 days,
which became consecutive
periods of 180 days, and finally
spawned indefinite detention.

ere is no better monument to
the memory of John Vorster —
the leader of.the Ossewabrand-
wag who was himself detained
during the emergency known
colloquially as the Second World
War — than this law.

The Police Act falls into the
same category. It permits
searches without warrants —
the absolute right of power to

are less so.
Under Section 29 of the Inter- ee ee Henge
nal Security Act the police can, recent amendments through

rovided an officer of at least
e rank of lieutenant-colonel
agrees, imprison any person in-
definitely for the purposes of in-
terrogation. Provided a magis-
trate agrees, they can detain

Parliament — and generally al-
lows the police many liberties
that Western parliamentarians
would question. It, too, is a lin-
ear descendant of Mr Vorster’s
measures to deal with the condi-

SOUTH AFRICA

him for 14 days simply to com-

bat a state 0 fe " tions that Remor Sharpeville.
Inder lon 28 they may

detain him _ indefinitely, pro- a eport

vided the Minister of Law and The Public Safety Act in-:

Order thinks he endangers the voked by President Botha has a

maintenance of law. People
have been held under this law
for 330 days or longer.

Once in three years, the Gov-
ernment must publish a consoli-
dated list of le detained un-
der Section 28, but it need not
announce the names of detain-
ees. Listed people may not be
quoted.

Monument

This legislation is a direct de-
scendant of the notorious 90-day

115

different and more respectable
lineage. It dates from 1953, the
early days of National Party
rule when the rule of law was
still relatively intact, and al-
‘hough it has been amended

since then, it still preserves the ;

spirit of a more civilised time.

Among other things, it re-
quires the Minister to report to

arliament, within 14 days of
the start of the next session, the
names of any eerie held for
longer than 30 days in terms of



JPRS~SSA*85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

EDITORS TOLD TO SCALE DOWN COVERAGE OF UNREST

East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 24 Jul 85 p 10

{Text7 JOHANNESBURG —

cso:

The Commissioner of
Police, General Johan
Coetzee, told editors at a
meeting at the South
African Police Training
College, in Pretoria on
Monday that he had
. been told by the highest
authority in the land
that news on the unrest
must be scaled down.

Aclause in the state of
emergency regulations
gives the Commissioner
of Police, or any person

acting on his authority -

ower to issue orders re-
ating to the control,
regulation or prohi-:
bition of the ‘announce- |
ment, dissemination,
distribution, taking or
sending of any comment
or news in connection
with the regulations.

Gen Coetzee said, how-
ever, he had not imposed
this regulation and
hoped he would not have
to do so. It was the role
of a free press he said, to
identify real matters —

even in the state of .

emergency — which
should be brought to
light.

Gen Coetzee said, how-
ever, that too many
journalists were cover-
ing aspects of unrest,

3400/855

‘sometimes as many as 30
from particular publi-
cations. This resulted in
the police being pre-
sented with a flood of
allegations which the
force did not have the
manpower to investi-
gate. He proposed that
each newspaper nomin-
ate one or two represent-
atives to cover the un-
rest situation.

He said the SAP would
issue two or three situa-
tion reports daily and
would in future include
a list of names of all
those arrested during
the period to prevent
“allegations that people
,are being held in

communicado or are dis-
appearing from the
street”.

A central security
monitoring committee
would continue, as it had
in the past, to monitor ’
all reports, he said.

Gen Coetzee said he |
had a file of at least 30
articles which had
appeared over the last

| three weeks which could

be taken up before the
Media Council. 4

“But let us turn over a
new leaf and forget
these 30 articles,” he
said.

64

Individual newspap-
ers were still free to con-
duct their own. investi-

ations into matters but,
: he emphasised, should
exercise caution in this.

He said he had a copy
of a directive by the Un-

ited Democratic Front
(UDF) outlining “how
the press should be
manipulated for their
benefit”.

‘It was because of inst-
ances such as this that
the publications should
examine in a respon-
sible manner the con-
tent of their reports.

If the compromise
offered proved ineffec-
tive he would be forced
to alter the regulations
regarding the press, as
required.

General Coetzee said
it was difficult to lay
down firm guidelines as
to what could be con-
strued as falling within
the ambit of unrest. He
cited the example of a
' boycott in Port Elizabeth
of white shops and said
police in the area had
asked that this situation
;be considered part of
the general unrest
‘scene. — DDC.



Some multinational companies may have within them some elements that may be
appealed to on a moral level, but on the whole, multinational companies, I
think, are interested more in the rise of their dollar profit than in the lot
of the oppressed majority.

Again, when it comes to the South African Government, I don't believe that
this Government can in fact be appealed to at a moral level. This Government
is steeped in immorality--every bit of its policies, every bit of its legis-
lations, smacks of immorality. .So this country cannot be appealed to as far
as the ruling class is concerned on a moral basis.

The struggle in this country is in fact encompassing an attempt to return this
country to a-basis. of morality whereas the present rulers are steeped in
immoral evil policies.

4. The South African Government keep claiming that it won't be themselves but
the masses who are hurt by disinvestment. They are also aware that total
disinvestment will not come about and covert investment in this country will
continue. Outside technology has found and will continue to find its way into
this country through the back door in spite of existing embargoes. Why then
is the Government’ as concerned about this issue?

OMAR: In all honesty, it may be a response of self interest. If anyone -
argues. "we won't.be hurt, the masses will be hurt", that proposition is not
correct. If you chop the hand of the economy, the pain will be felt through
the entire body. The effects cannot be selective; it will hurt white, black,
coloured, and Indian; it will hurt all sectors, rich and poor.

So why does one argue, "It's not going to hurt us, but don't disinvest"? Of
course it's going to hurt us! It's going to hurt all of us. We are saying
don't disinvest because we don't want to be hurt.

In South Africa, it is going to hurt whites, it's going to hurt the Govern-
ment,’ because a bad economy creates an unstable political situation. The
present recession is indicative: 1 don't believe the recent unrest is purely
the result.of a political syndrome--the economy has a lot to do with it as
well.

So even if government doesn't have a direct economical involvement, they
certainly have a political investment. I believe the Government is in a
process of reform and the last thing they can afford now is economic
instability.

COOPER: Unlike the early 70s, when the first calls for disinvestment were
made by the South African Students' Organisation (Saso) and the Black People's
Convention (BPC), presently the South African Government is much more open to
attack, political attack and pressure. .

They have made various declarations internationally about change and about

reform, whereas internally, that reform has meant betterment for a very select
elite few people.

75



LAYOFFS OF SENIOR COCOBOD OFFICIALS ANNOUNCED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 1 Aug 85 pp 1, 5

{Article by Breda Atta-—Quayson]

[Text]

CSO:

ABOUT 460 senior
staff of Ghana Cocos
Board (COCOBOD)
have been laid off. A
total of 19,000 COCO-
BOD staff will be af-
fected by the exercise.

Letters giving notice of
the termination of their
appointments which ta-
kes effect on October 31;

ce of COCOBOD.

The officers have been
declared redundant for
various reasons — Foor
work performance, lack
of establishment, ill
health and old age. f

e appointments of
some of them have also
been terminated because
they are already due for
retirement.

According to sources,
close to the COCOBOD,
the retrenchment of the
460 senior staff has taken
place after a ‘serious exa-
mination for two years.

Three committees — In
House Committee, Across
the Board Committee,
Central Selection Com-
mittee — were formed to
examine the retrench-
ment of these senior offic-
ers before reports were
sent to the Implementa-

3400/861

tion and Monitoring
Committee of the Res-
tructuring of COCOBOD
which was appointed by
the PNDC.

The retrenchment.
exercise will affect five of
the COCOBOD divisions
namely COCOBOD Head
Office, Produce Buying
Company Limited, Cocoa
Services Division and the
Cocoa Marketing Com-

pany.

After the retrenchment
of the senior staff, the
sources said, it will be the
turn of the junior staff
where a large number of
them will be laid off.

At least by August 31,
1985, those affected will
receive their letters giving
them notice of termina-
tion of their appoint-
ments. .

From the junior staff,
the retrenchment exercise
will continue at the Cocoa

ing Factories.

This will be after the
Peatmarwick and Mit-
chell companies — World
Bank consultants — re-

rts have been studied
by the management of the
COCOBOD.

However, according to
an informed source, as a
result of the refrench-
ment exercise,-a number

11

of workers at the COCO-
BOD are resigning to pre-
empt the termination of
their appointments.
source said in some
departments like the Pu-

-blic Relations and Legal

Departments, the staff
strength has been reduced
to such a level that they
cannot function effecti-
vely.

Most of the affected
workers cannot
understand why their ap-
pointments should be ter-
minated. .

Forexample, Mr .A.L.
Osanquaye, « Sen
Administrative Officer
who has been affected said
“I have worked with the
COCOBOD for 30 years
and I have never done
anything wrong, there is
nothing on my record to
warrant my dismissal.”

Meanwhile anxiety has
permeated the whole CO-

A HOUSE as nobody
knows who is going to be
affected by the exercise.

It will be recalled that
in 1983, a seminar was
held at GIMPA Greenhill
to restructure the then
Cocoa ‘Marketing Board
(CMB) and the entire co-
coa industry to make
them viable institutions.

JPRS*SSA~85+077
29 August 1985

GHANA



needed services. "More than 90% of the R15-million allocated in terms of the
corporation's special aid fund has been taken up by non-SBDC clients. Only
8,5% went to clients." The SBDC has allocated a large part of its budget to
expand its advisory services. [By Amrit Manga] [Text] [Johannesburg SUNDAY
TIMES [Business] in English 28 Jul 85 p 5]

ALL-RACE ADVISORY COUNCIL--THE growing numbers of Indian, coloured and black
public servants are to be given representation on the influential Joint Advis-
ory Council of the Public Service, according to chairman of the Commission for
Administration, Dr Johan de Beer. There are four employee organisations in
the service: the Public Servants' Association (white), the Public Servants'
League (coloured), the Public Servants' Union (Indian), and the Institute of
Public Servants (black). At present the PSA is the only staff body recognised
for appointment to the council. Previously a personnel association had to
have as members at least 50% of the officials in the A or B division of the
service to nominate six members to the council. The commission appointed the
other six members. The council is now to be enlarged to 16 members-~eight of
them nominated by the commission. De Beer said edch association would have at
least one representative on the council. PSA president Dr Colin Cameron said
the PSA accepted "without reserve" the right of other groups in the service to
have representation in the council. However, he stressed, the council had no
negotiating powers. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 30 Jul 85

p 3]

MARKINOR SURVEY RESULTS--PESSIMISM and frustration are common to all South
Africans, according to a survey by market research group Markinor. The survey
shows that a majority of all respondents, regardless of race, sex or language
group, blame government for the diré state of the economy. It notes that the
alarming degree of pessimism and frustration.is fuelled by the belief that
individuals can do nothing to improve the present situation. Markinor says
that 71% of urban blacks have made drastic cuts in their living standards as
opposed to only 20% of urban whites. Clothing, food and savings suffer most
from the cutbacks; 90% of blacks are spending less on clothes (whites 52%),
86% buy cheaper cuts of. meat (whites 39%) and 83% are saving less (whites
81%). While almost all blacks have been hammered by the recession, whites
have been affected more selectively. [Text].[Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in
English 29 Jul 85 p 4]

LOCAL TOURISM GROWS--CAPTOUR MD John Robert said there is no doubt that over-
seas tourism to South Africa was being affected by the negative publicity
given to the Republic, but that the domestic market was showing welcome signs
of a breakthrough. He said that despite Fedhasa's claims that hotel occupancy
had dropped below the 40% level, the upturn in the domestic tourism market
still represented a most positive development. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS
DAY in English 1 Aug 85 p 4] :

OIL DEPENDENCY TO END--WOUTH Africa will be virtually independent of foreign

oil supplies in the next five years, according to a spokesman for the Depart-
ment of Mineral and Energy Affairs.. Dr Robert Scott, director of energy plan-
ning at the department, told a Pretoria newspaper yesterday that two synthetic
fuel processes would be put before Parliament for. approval next year. A third

124



Experts in Finland firmly believed Zimbabwe could export more timber, but they
understood the problems being faced by the local timber industry.

The trade commissioner said the world trade in softwood sawn timber in 1984
was about 62,8 million cubic metres. The US bought 45 percent of that with 83
percent being supplied by Canada. Europe took 36 percent of the world total.

cso: 3400/819

130



cso:

We didn’t stay long at
“Lavender Street” be-
fore we moved on to the
rubbish dump to meet
the children. ,

Mr Kroutz had brought
a boot-load of bread with
him to feed the people
living at the dump. As’
soon as his car was sight-
ed, suddenly, as if some
shout had gone out, a
crowd of children,
appeared from the bush
surrounding the dump
and lined up to the call '
of “one line, one-line” by
a filthy teenaged boy
dressed in ragged pants
and shirt.

\

The loaves of bread
were cut and divided
among as many as was
possible, but soon the
supply dwindled and
many were left with no-

thing and went back to ,

wait on the rubbish
dump for another muni-
cipal truck to
dump its load of pineap-
ple peels and rotten
offal.

The children who
managed to get the
bread seemed to have
some sort of system
worked out by which
it was collected and
put into a large sack,
probably to be shared
later among them.

“There are many hun- |
gry people living | ives of
despair. Many of them go
to bed on an empty sto-
mach and start the day’
without eating any-,
thing,” Mr Kroutz said. |

“The children are
usually the hardest hit.
They are sickly and mal- |
nourished. Unfortunate- \
ly these children who
live in hunger and ignor-
ance must contend with
this situation until the
inevitable end comes,”
he added.

3400/885

Driven by hunger, -
these bushdwellers risk

their lives by eating the
rotten food they acquire

from the dump.

“These children,
young victims of unem-
ployment, forced remov-
als, broken homes. and
desertions, are constant-
ly on the move, ‘sear-

| ching for food in order to
survive. You see them in
the city begging for
money to buy food be-
fore returning to the
bush or alleyways to
spend their nights hud-
dled beside a fire.”

Mr Kroutz spoke of his
dream for these children
— achildren’s home and
haven where he said

they would receive love

and ‘dedicated atténtion.

“This is my greatest
wish for them, a chil-
dren’s home. The cottage
type of home would be

i: the ideal, not the antiqu-

. ated type. Here they-

| would ‘have foster pa-
rents staying with them,
giving them the love they
need,” Mr Kroutz said.

| Adjoining the chil-
' dren's home would be a

rehabilitation centre
where the children
could be trained in cer-
tain skills, have their
own vegetable gardens
and become rehabili-
tated into society again.

“Mr Kroutz stressed
that it was not only the
desire to give these
bushdwellers “hand-
outs” or to romanticise
the situation — but to
aid them so that they
could learn to fend for

, themselves in a “nor-

mal” society once again.

70

“These youngsters feel
they have been dis-
earded by society. They
have been discarded,
and what grieves me
most is that there are not
enough people aware of
this tragedy,” he said.

; _ What hope is there for
| these people? Mr Kroutz _
1
Mr Kroutz said that the
government was also
aware of the problem
‘and had initiated an
; emergency plan. to help
| provide short-term em-
ployment.
In the meantime, it is
organisations such as
| the local branch of
World Vision, ‘people
. like Mr Kroutz and other
, welfare’ concerns who
| continue to provide tem-
orary relief to these
Bushdwellers. Yet even
they cannot help to fully
~ allieviate the sordid and
sad poverty striken lives
of East London’s bush-

, dweller communities.

said most. pertinent at
present was the building
of a children’s home, yet
the funds available at
present for such a pro-
ject were totally in-
adequate.

Another ray of hope
was the interest and con-
cern shown by Mfesane,
a Christian organisation
which had helped to in-
itiate a short-term em-
ployment project for un-
employed breadwin-
ners, Such employment
projects would be to the
advantage of the com-
munity or needy indi-
viduals. -


enterprise here in Maputo and there will be another check here to find out
whether what arrived is exactly what is to be exported. It is-a process which
takes time to accomplish, owing to the shortage of cadres and, in particular,
the lack of experience. But this is being done.

To confirm what I have said, there have been diversions, there has been theft
and there has been smuggling; and we are trying to combat: them:

Oil, First Drilling This Year

[Question] You mentioned the advanced state of oil prospecting in the country.
People are wondering and discussing "when will the first drilling, the first
extraction of oil take place in Mozambique?" .

[Answer] At the present time, it is more legitimate for us to discuss the first
drilling. It is a slight exaggeration for us to talk about’ the first of1
extraction. It is worthwhile noting that, during the period preceding inde-
pendence, 59 drillings were made, 12 offshore and’the rest onshore. 7

As a result of that work, the only thing discovered was natural gas, which .
exists in Inhambane Province. This.means that it would not suffice to drill
in order to be certain of the discovery of oil.

We think that the first drilling will be made as early as this year. It is
important for the first drilling .to bring important information that will
enable the oil companies to continue the work programs and engage in even

more ambitious effort that will increase the probability of discovering oil.
We know that Mozambique is an area with natural gas and we think that it has
large amounts. The great unknown to. be learned is whether ‘there is oil, where
it is and whether it is necessary for the drilling that is-done to occur on
that reservoir, so as to be able to extract ofl. This will. take several years.
Oil extraction is not something immediate; it can never occur before 4 or 5
years, that is, if we are lucky enough to discover oil.

[Question] You gave a rather lengthy account of the activity in the mineral
resources sector. I would like to ask what the prospects are for the
sector that you head?

{Answer].When the Indicative Prospecting Plan (PPI). was prepared, and.it is
still a valid document in our country, it was stipulated that mineral resources
would account for 50 percent of Mozambique's exports. -The PPI was prepared

in 1981, and insofar as mineral. resources are concerned, we can now say that,
under normal conditions, that plan is not. only practicable. but’ could be
exceeded. :

We are confident that, during the next 10 years, mineral resources will .consti~
tute the main source of foreign exchange for ‘the country. - Coal will play a
major role in this, with 50 percent of our mineral. resources in ‘terms of
exports. In addition to this, within-10 years Mozambique ‘may become one of

28



cso:

3400/864

has been upgraded and a
commercial plant has been

comple
Lincoln Partidge, research

_ and development manager at

AECI, says the process using
methanol produced from
coaj ona e scale is poten-
tially more etficlent than the
exis! ing coal to synthetic fuel

method.

AECI is studying the cost
of the project, the quality of
the diesel and the petrol
duced and their marketing
and distribution.

Anglo American Coal Cor-
poration is carrying out a
rok study for a coal ine

e Proposed plant. Lury
jasifiers will be used for the
asibility study. The expect-
ed coal consumption is about
§-million tons annually,

It is planned to supply the

fuel to oil companies.

99



Although the coastal areas of Zambezia Province are benefiting from the fish
caught by the enterprises and even by small-scale fishermen,.the districts in
the interior section of the province, mostly grain producers, still lack the
opportunity for a moderate fish supply.

In discussing this issue, the recent meeting of the Province Home Trade Council
noted difficulties stemming from the status of the access ‘routes, the cold
storage conditions and even the current amount available for distribution in
the other districts of the province.

2909
CSO: 3442/350

35



statelet of Lebanon out of the original
‘mandated territory of Syria, sowing
the seeds of the trag 4 only now
maturing in that small,
country.

In North Africa, the greatest trou-
ble was yet to grow out of French
reluctance to recognise the claims of

unhappy:

local nationalism. After what proved ,

to be no more than preliminary skir-
mishes, Morocco and Tunisia were
given independence, so setting the
stage for the Algerian horrors yet to,
come.

Algeria — with some 1300000
French-speaking settlers of European
origin coexisting with eight or nine
million Muslims — was formally a
part of France. Yet there was no ef-
ective political, social or economic
equality between colons and Mus-,
lims. Curiously enough, all French

rties — including the Socialists and

‘ommunists — were equally deter-
mined to hold on to Algeria, includin,
the great naval base at Oran. “Al
‘gerie Francaise” went the ever-re-
peated slogan. 7
“When France was liberated in 1945;
the Algerians — logically enough —
wanted liberation for themselves, too.
Many of them had fought with Gener-
al de Gaulle, some attaining high rank
in the Free French Army. A rebellion‘
broke out, was quickly suppressed,
then burst out again in real earnest in

Before the conflict ground to its
eventual tragic and agonising conclu-
sion in 1962, the whole body politic of
France was to be convulsed...The
French Fourth Republic re-established
in 1945 on the ruins of the Third was
overthrown by military coup in 1958.
The rebellious generals thought De
Gaulle was their man, and he was
brought back to head a Fifth Repub-

IC.

A cycle of atrocity and counter-

atrocity set in in Algeria. In the end

the metropolitan French tired of the,

casualties, the moral corruption in-.

evitably involved in the repression of
the revolt, the condemnation of world
opinion and the financial cost.

After the failure of a second mili-
tary coup — this time directed
against De Gaulle himself — France
conceded independence to a Muslim
Algeria. It had taken seven years
and heavy loss of life on both sides
(the Algerians claim they suffered a
million dead) to batter to pieces Fran-
cee political pretensions in North

rica.

60

T.. act of withdrawal brought ut-
ter disaster to the French Algerians.
Having thorough! antagonised the
Muslims through their support for in-
discriminate reprisals during the re-
bellion, they feared for their vi
lives after independence in 1962. ‘AL
most to a man, they fled by ship
across the Mediterranean to France,
abandoning farm, home, shop and fac-
tory alike. It was, as one contempo-
rary journalist wrote, the choice be-
tween “the coffin the suitcase”.
(It may be mentioned in passing
that one of De Gaulle’s earliest acts,
when the generals brought him back
to power, was to grant independence
in one sweeping stroke of the pen to
all of France’s possessions in sub-Sa-
haran Africa, including Madagascar.
This was relatively easy to accom-
lish, because these territories con-
t ined no significant settler popula-
lons). .
What is the relevance of French
post-war colonial history — in par:”
ticular, Algeria — to France’s current
attitude to South Africa? This ques-
tion may be answered very simply.
France resisted — for nearly eight
ears — the surrender of a bloc of
Territory in which no more than 3% of
the total French population lived. It
did so partly for reasons of sentiment,
believing that French status in the
world was largely bound up with hold-
ing on the parts of the southern shore
of the Mediterranean.

1

B.. at least of equal importance
was the legitimate and understandable
fear of French settlers that:
committing their future to the whims
and even vengeance of an overwhelm-
ing Muslim majority might put at risk
everything that had been built up in
Algeria since 1830 (the year of the
French occupation).

- Now, a born-again France tells
white South Africa, if only by implica-
tion, that it must put at risk not a
mere 3% of its total population (which
the French were so reluctant to do in
Algeria), but 100% of its population.

hite South Africans — with the
exception of some diehards on the far
Right — know full well that expres-
sion must be given to the political
needs of its black citizens. But
white South Africa is entitled — in the
total context of post-war decolonisa-



training of farmers in the proper use of water, so as to improve the produc-
tion of food.

Andre Odeurs said: "This is an extremely important and essential program for
the development of food production. Mozambique is a country with considerable
resources and potential. The fundamental basis of the program is to give the
farmers a series of instructions on the process of using water for irrigation
purposes and on avoiding problems of water salinity. "

The United Nations Food and: Agriculture Organization has*been calling the
attention of its donors to increasing assistance for at least 20 African
countries, including Mozambique, which feel threatened by famine as a result
of drought. It.has procured for our country funds to finance a group of pro—
jects and has decided on other agricultural rehabilitation programs, especially
in the areas of seed production, small irrigation systems, fishing, the train-
ing of cadres and rural development activities. .

For example, seed production is essential for increased agricultural produc-
tion capacities. Our country would need at least.$9 million for this program.
Certain types of seed have been identified,.such as the "Kalahari" corn, peanut
and bean seeds. The "Kalahari" corn (suitable for this part of Africa) is now
being produced in only a few sections of southern Africa, such as Botswana and
Lesotho, countries which are also facing the tragedy of famine.

Meanwhile, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization is rendering
assistance to the fishing area. It is participating in programs for the
training of cadres for the sector and for the quality control of shrimp, in
the city of Beira. .

With a population of about 13 million, most of whom are residents of rural
areas, Mozambique would produce, in normal times, nearly 500,000 tons of grain
in almost all of its vast arable region from north’ to south, which totals
nearly 800,000 square kilometers, as the FAO has disclosed.

While the weather conditions continue to be positive, and with prospects this

year of showing some favorable results, more than 2.5 million people are
tragically facing the famine situation. oo .

2909
cso: 3442/351

31



SURVEY SAYS NP WOULD WIN NATIONAL POLL

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 29 Jul 85 p 12

[Text]

cso:

3400/818

‘THE National Party (NP) would win a general elec-
tion held tomorrow, according to a poll commis-
sioned by the Afrikaans Sunday newspaper, Rap-
port. ‘

The poll, conducted by Mark- en Meningsop-
names (Edms) Beperk, found that the NP would
win 48,3 percent of the vote, the PFP 18,4 percent,
the Conservative Party 15,2 percent, the New Re-
public Party 2,9 percent and the HNP 2,2 percent.
There would be a 12.9 percent stay-away.

The survey found that the Nats’ support had in-
creased slightly after a sharp decline earlier this
year.

At the beginning of the year (prior to the drastic
petrol price increase) the Nats enjoyed 51,7 percent
of the vote, but this dropped to 46,7 percent in
April.

Conservative Party support increased from 13,2
percent in April to 15,2 percent in June; while the
PFP’s support decreased from 19,2 percent to 18,4
percent.

‘The poll found that the increased support for the
NP.and the CP can be attributed to the fact that the
stay-away vote has decreased from 15,4 percent to
12,9 percent.

The NP has increased its support among both
English and Afrikaans speaking voters. the NP now
enjoys 57,2 percent support from Afrikaners and
33,1 percent support from English voters.

63

JPRS~SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



FAST FOOD INDUSTRY PLANS YEAR OF BOLD EXPANSION

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 29 Jul 85 p 4

[Article by Fred Stiglingh]

[Text]

THE local fast food industry,
worth an estimated R300m a
year, is alive and cooking, with
major chains planning more than
100 new outlets over the next 12
months.

The traditional hamburger, cele-
brating its centenary in America next
week, has become part of South Afri-
can snack fare since Wimpy declared
itself the “home of the hamburger” in
the Sixties.

But the market, has become
specialised, sophisticated and — need
one say it — very competitive as
variations on good ideas are snapped
up and produced at speed.

Conquering the black market has
become an important aspiration over
the past five years, but fast food oper-
ators are careful to point out that
target market details include specific
income and age groups, never colour
of customer. Most are adamant that,
given government go-ahead or not,
all customers will be served, regard-
less of race.

Outlets not already trading in
black areas are actively investigating
the possibilities of black franchisees.

Some controversy usually sur-

rounds the subject of franchising, but
from the individual's point of view,
benefits are numerous.

Statistics show that out of all pri-
vate fast food ventures up to 90% go
under in the first five years.

Benefits of buying into a franchise
include the strength of the brand
name, the tested, standardised food

formula, buying power, corporate ad-:

yertising, and company back-up and
training.

For the franchisor, main benefits
are on-going expansion with less cap-
ital involvement.

But most chains like to have a cer-
tain percentage of outlets as com-
pany-run units, both to keep in touch
with street-level trading as well as, in
certain cases, to run some outlets as
training flagships.

Franchises don’t come cheap. Fees
vary from R7500 (Mr Rooster’s), to
R15 000 for a MacMunch franchise,
and individual operators can expect
to fork out up to R165 000 for the total
investment,

On top of that come royalties, paid

FAST FOOD OUTLETS ANNUAL NUMBER
TURNOVER -OF BRANCHES
KENTUCKY R75m 170
wimpy R6Om 160
JUICY R18m ° 85
CAPTAIN DOREGO —-R15m 42
MR. ROOSTER’S R8m 29
MAC MUNCH Ram 1
'
100

JPRS*SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS~SSA=85=077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

COETZEE REAFFIRM POLICE ATTITUDE
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Aug 85 p 10

[Text] THE Commissioner of Police, General Johan Coet-
zee, has “reaffirmed” that the police. are not con-
cerned with the private lives or personal viewpoints
of individuals unless their actions involve State se-
curity.

Gen Coetzee was commenting on the findings of
the Media Council which yesterday dismissed a
police complaint against the Star newspaper.

The Media Council found that two senior security.
police colonels had admitted that certain unnamed
security had distributed a pamphlet and a tape fe-
cording alleging that Dr Allan Boesak, a patron of
the United Democratic Front and president of the
World Alliance of Reformed Churches, was having

_ an affair with Miss Di Scott, an official of the SA
Council of Churches. .

In his statement, Gen Coetzee said: “The South
African police wishes to re-affirm its attitude, as
stated by the Minister of Law and Order in Parlia-
ment, that it is not interested in the private life or
personal viewpoint of any individual, unless such
individual's actions involve the security of State.

The police would yesterday not comment on the
possibility of any internal inquiry or possible disci-
plingry actions being taken as result of the Media
Council findings.

But Gen Coetzee said he had taken cognizance of
the council's findings.

“The finding,” he said, ‘confirms that neither the
SA police nor any of its divisions were, as such,
responsible for the fabrication or dissemination of
the pamphlet or tape recording in question”.

He also noted that two jurists, Professor SA
Strauss and Mr G Hugo, who represented the public
at the hearing did not in all respects agree with the
finding of the majority of the Council.

A police spokesman said in Pretoria yesterday
that the Commissioner's statement would be the

_ only one made on the Council’s finding at this stage.

cso: 3400/818

122



Improving the Diet and Not Only That....

This measure not only contributéd.to the improvement of the farmers' nutrition-
al diet but has-also started to bring about an increase-in the family output,
and hence ‘the family sector is participating in the production of vegetables
(without investments or direct costs for the state sector), so that there

will be greater balance in the production marketed among the different sectors:
state, private, family and cooperative.

This experiment will have positive results, because the state is backing the
family sector with chemical products.to combat diseases; sprayers and techniques
improved by the "recruiters," who have usually been directors, and chiefs of
brigades and "branch" chiefs: who have started’ working full time with the family
sector. At present, those workers are farmers with a greater mastery of certain
techniques, and among the family sector they have more developed concepts and
ideas of production than the average farmer has.

Joao Mosca remarks: "We cannot say that the work is taking place wonderfully,
because there are many difficulties to be surmounted. But it is true that the
steps taken are encouraging, and we can say that, with-this experience and the
enthusiasm that exists among everyone, every sector will produce more in
future yéars."

New Values Require Greater Attention

Theré are nearly 20,000 families in Chokwe district, between 16,000 and 17,000
of which are benefiting from irrigatable areas within the perimeter of the
irrigation system. Putting a farmer to till the soil~ with irrigation, along-
side another farmer, represents productive changes and very deepseated cultural
changes.

The director of the Chokwe énterprises commented: "Now, the farmer is linked
with a certain production discipline, he is linked with the matter of irriga-
tion; because the irrigation must be carried out more. or less at the same

time as on the neighboring farm, to prevent flooding and to allow for better
management of the water. It forces the farmer to work besidé another one, when
in most instances he has an isolated individual farm. “It will take more time
before the areas which have been distributed among the family sector can really
produce with high yields, and with results that will warrant and justify this
investment."

The results of this effort are not yet compensatory (but this is riot the case
only in the family sector), because they depend largely on the rural éxtension
work; so that the sector can produce increasingly more, with better cultivation
techniques, and better seed varieties, so that its yields can make up for the
investment made by the state in irrigation system construction.

At thé present time, from an economic standpoint, each farmer.is taking from his |
own farm the essentials for his food. They have already had: positive results fiat

41



cso:

3400/864

. Stal

Botha’s repatriation threat follows
that made by Deputy Foreign Minister
Louis Nel two months ago. Both threats
provoked widespread condemnation at

jome and abroad.

It is being interpreted as vigorous sa-
bre-rattling in the wake of the UN Secur-
ity Council’s call for voluntary sanc-
tions. Although the UN is the ostensible
target, Pretoria probably hopes that it
may persuade the Reagan administra-
tion to head off looming US Con ion-
al disinvestment measures at the pass.

Observers, displaying a measure of
sympathy for Botha’s statement, have
said his threat against foreign ‘black
workers rhay be the only way to bring
forcibly into the sanctions equation an
element that has been largely ignored by
the US/European and UN anti-apartheid
lobbies — disinvestment’s likely impact
on the Frontline and other neighbouring

FCI director Jan van Zyl said his or-
ganisation and Assocom would raise the
anti-sanctions threat with Botha when
he meets them tomorrow. Other spokes-
men have warned that tit-for-tat mea-
sures could seriously accelerate politi-
cal and economic destablisation in the
region.

FP manpower spokesman Alex Bor-
aine said such a move would have “pro-*
found and serious consequences”.

“Botha’s tough stance should be a
warning to those who believe that sanc-

-tions against South Africa will lead to

far-reaching reforms within South
Africa”.
* Gerald Reilly reports that AHI presi-
dent Donald Masson, while stressing the
organisation’s opposition to political and
economic confrontation, said such a
move could have certain substantial
benefits for South Africa.

He said it seemed Botha had had little
choice but to act this way, but repatri-

‘ation might also have some favourable

spin offs, among them an amelioration
of the domestic unemployment crisis,

Expatriate miners in SA

1985
Lesotho ... 108 000
Mozambique . 51000
Botswana 19 000
Malawi 19 000
Swaziland 13 000

(Chamber of Mines employees
only)

83



[Answer] Religions fare normally. The Burkinabe are 99.99 percent Catholic,
animist, Moslem, and so on. It is not our intention to destroy them. On the
other hand, if a denomination or its leader attacks the revolution, it goes
without saying that we will not leave it or him in peace. This does not mean
that we are challenging their religion. For example, there are those who use
their religious apparatus to combat the revolution. We will curb them. We
will curb the apparatus, which is human, but not religious belief.

[QUESTION] What is your revolution's relationship with pan-African movements?

{Answer] We pay tribute to a number of pan-Africanists.... We are favorable
to anything that promotes the bringing together of the African people ina
real and effective manner.

[QUESTION] There is currently talk in certain intellectual circles of African
federalism. The idea is that in view of the present difficulties--the
difficult economic conditions, famine, desertification, and so on-~such a
system could not only reduce those problems but also bring the African people

together in a sort of community feeling. What do you think?

[Answer] Those are good ideas, but unfortunately, they cannot be realized on
the spot. As long as we have not managed to create unity and interreaction in
everyday matters, there will always be clever types who will feel that it is
not in their people's interest to unite with another. . People who are favored
by nature will say that "there is no point in uniting with people who have
limitless problems and who will come impoverish us." In short, it is a good
idea that must be pressed if it is to be accepted.

CQUESTION] Considering the economic and technological stakes, North-South and
South-South trade, and the difficult international economic situation, one can
imagine that for countries such as Burkina, where social changes are not yet
complete, the situation is not an easy one.

CAnswer] The revolution is one formula making it possible to combat those
problems. It is necessary to start from a number of considerations. There
are at least two basic reasons why we have these problems: 1) a type of
behavior--economic behavior that is inconsistent with our interests--is being
imposed on us, and 2) locally, we ourselves make no effort to solve the
problems being posed on the national level.

Those two situations combined explain all the problems we are experiencing.
Imagine what would happen if someday the African countries decided to
harmonize their trade policies with respect to the rest of the world...

The revolution makes it possible to escape that alienating formula and
mobilize energies on the national level. For example, the developed countries
are willing to give us billions to exploit such and such a mine, but they are
reluctant to give us billions to dig wells for our inhabitants.

Anyway, man has managed for thousands of years to solve every problem facing
him. We are kept from solving our problems by the mirage of the easy way out.



Joint Enterprise With Switzerland
IFAD Donation

CIDAC Head Visits Country

Water Official Visits Britain
Farmers Build Landing Strip
Military Volunteer as Teachers
Local Fishermen Resist Coop

NIGERIA

Editorial Decries Traore's Unlimited Reelection Laws
(DAILY TIMES, 6 Jul 85). ..ceccseceeccccsscecccsncssceeeecs

Babangida Stresses Traditional Defense Role of Army
(Olu Adebayo; NEW NIGERIAN, 6 Jul 85)....ssceeeeeveeceece

Military Crashes Continue
(DAILY TIMES, 19 Jul 85; SUNDAY TIMES, 21 Jul 85).........

Helicopter Crashes Near Ibadan

Trainer Crashes in Kagara

Military Crash Publications Criticized
SOUTH AFRICA

French Attitudes, Criticisms of Government Scored
(Robin Friedland; BUSINESS DAY, 29 Jul 85)....s.eseeeeeees

British, West German Stand on Sanctions Hailed
(Editorial; BUSINESS DAY, 30 Jul 85)....sssecsereseerceeee

Survey Says NP Would Win National Poll
(THE CITIZEN, 29 Jul 85) .cccccescecscccceccccccevccseecees

Editors Told To Scale Down Coverage of Unrest
(DAILY DISPATCH, 24 Jul 85)..ceessccccccccscccecceceeceees

Black Reaction to Botha's Deportation Order of Foreign Workers
(SOWETAN, 31 Jul 85)..cccseccsccccccrccsccccccesceesceeees

Policeman Paints Picture of Tensions in Townships
(THE CITIZEN, 2 Aug 85)..ccccecsseccseccecescesccceescsees

Center Helps End Shortage of Black Managers
(THE STAR, 5 Aug 85)..ccsseeecccesscceesceseeseesseeeeees

Conditions of East London's ‘Bushdwellers' Described
(Tess Courtenay; DAILY DISPATCH, 23 Jul 85)......sseeeeeee

Port. Elizabeth Firms Look to Government for Action
(Kin Bentley; EVENING POST, 17 Jul 85)....s.eeeeeeeeeceeee

54

56

57
57

58

59

62

63

64

65

66

68

69

71



Some survivors of that disaster emigrated to neighboring Zimbabwe, seeking
better land for subsistence farming.

Today, the situation is noticeably improved, and these individuals are already
returning to the country. This is observed particularly in the zones of
Cachinanga and Madzicuale.

We learned that every effort is being made to integrate these returnees into
existing cooperatives and in others still to be formed, according to the number
of arriving residents.

Wells in River Beds

It can certainly be said of these people that they are resourceful; we saw
them digging a well in a dry river bed to retrieve the water which the families
need so badly. We spoke with some of them and they said this was their last
resort, because it had not rained for a long time and all the rivers and lakes
were dry. " . :

More important, however, is that some regions in Tete Province, such as Magoe
District, are already benefiting from wells dug recently as part of a project
in progress in the province. : ,

Ntimangau Administrator Benjamim Afonso, who accompanied us during our stay

in that area, explained to us near the end of our visit that-a smal livestock’:
program is to be introduced in the zone; small animals are already ‘being raised
there, but not in any very organized way. .

"Our idea is to involve, wherever possible,the greatest ‘number of peasants

in the cooperatives, because this will enable everyone to discuss ways to’ -
improve techniques both in farming and in livestock production," Administrator
Afonso said.

Send Clothes and Salt a

“Certainly no one is dying of starvation now," ‘the administrator added, "but
we still have many problems. Above ally we lack clothing for the children

and salt, products that we cannot produce on our own, no matter how dedicated
we are." : :

In fact, in Ntimangau and in other districts which we visited, the problem
of nakedness is severe. It has become customary for the children to go naked
all the time,

They told us that what little clothing is occasionally sent there is not
enough to go around, :

“So, if it is not too difficult, please convey our appeal for more clothes
and salt," recommended the administrator of Ntimangau, Changara District
6362

CSO: 3442/349

38



CONDITIONS OF EAST LONDON'S ‘BUSHDWELLERS' DESCRIBED
East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 23 Jul 85 p 2

/Article by Tess Courtenay/

L Text]

EAST LONDON — Bare-
ly a kilometre from East
London's city centre, in
the thick bush and cliffs
that surround the muni-

cipal rubbish dump at :

Second Creek in the
Parkside area — livés a
community of over 500
bushdwellers, more than
200 of them children.

The children, ranging
in age from as young as
four to 16 years old, are
mostly orphaned or de-.
serted by their parents
at a very young age.

They have survived by
banding together and
forming a “fortress”
where strength means
survival. They live by
their own laws, they care
for each other, they bury
their own dead and
assist in the births that,
occur there. They man-
age to feed themselves —
barely — from what they.
find in the rubbish dump
and from what they beg
on East London’s streets.

Many of these children
were born in the bush —
and-many of them die
there.

Next to the bushdwel- :

ler’s community is the
rubbish dump. This is
where they ‘work’,
foraging for rubbish that

may be sold or that they’ :

may be able to use. It is
also their kitchen, very
often the only place they
will find food for the day
— and in many cases it
becomes their bedroom
00.

What food they do find
among the rubbish, often
unfit to eat, is brought
back and dealt out
among them.

Many of them struggle
to maintain a semblance
of respectability, but
most have discarded all
social norms for a sub-
culture of poverty, living
from hand to mouth in a
physically immoral
fashion.

, They live in
“shakedowns”, fragile
shelters of cardboard,
corrugated iron and
lastic. Some lack even
his, and sleeping in the
open is common.

Probably the saddest —
fact of all is that many of

these children — in an
attempt to blot out their
ugly reality — sniff glue
and drink a lethal con-
coction of battery acid,
paint, stale bread and
water, which leaves
them mindless and
“high” and able to forget
for a few brief hours.
It’s not easy to get
close to. these children.
Life in the bush is sordid
and sad and the only
person they have dared
to trust is Mr Henry

Kroutz, a community?

leader and teacher for
the past 12 years at the

Pefferville Primary «
* School,

Mr Kroutz took us to
this community.

First we visited a’

squatter camp in Park-
side, above the rubbish

69

JPRS~SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

dump and cliffs where ;
the children could be
found.

What greeted us was a;
scene of squalor and ut-
ter poverty. Entire fami-
lies were living in fra-
gile erections of scrap
metal and plastic sheet-

ing. These people knew
“Mr Kroutz well — he
often visits them with
food and clothing.
They have a name for
‘him too, “Vetvader”, for
them he is father and
since 198) he has worked
\ among them.

| Mr Kroutz said that
names which had been
given to this community
were both ironic and
apt.

| ‘Lavender Squatter
{Camp is one which is
irather ironic when you
consider the unbygenic
conditions and obvious
stench which so often
,pervades the area. ©

Another name is Mpu-
jku Street, ‘“Mpuku”,
means mice, and this is
seen as an area for peo-
ple who live like mice,
constantly scurrying and
hiding.

It is only when you
meet these people and
hear their stories that
you realise that they are
real people out there in
the bush. They have
families, they get hun-

gry, cold and tired, and
above all, they have
basic human dignity and
feelings.



BUSINESSMEN ADOPTING INCREASINGLY CONSERVATIVE POLICIES

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Aug 85 p 8

[Article by Tony Stirling]

[Text]

THE “tive now, pay lat-
er” syndrome that was a
characteristic of South
Africa’s boom years is
steadily on the wane as
more and more business-
es are adopting: an in-
creasingly conservative
policy on advancing cred-
it.

Inquiries made by The
Citizen yesterday from a
number of different types
of businesses — ranging
from clothing to furniture
and car sales — indicated
that those firms that are
surviving well in the face
of the recession have
tightened up on credit
control or have from the
start adopted a conserva-
tive policy in issuing cred-
it, '

And in the businesses
which rely on cash turn-
over, such as liquor, pe-
trol, repairs and servic-
ing, particularly of ve-
hicles, as well as restau-
rants, terms have by arid
large become cash, bank
guaranteed cheques, or
credit cards, with few ex-
ceptions.

because of the
ing number of che-
ques that are being re-
turned by the banks.

It has become the norm
of businesses that no
longer accept cheques in
payment for goods or ser-

78

vices rendered. to erect a
board on which the che-
‘ques which have not been
met are pinned.

Such ni boards are
common in premises
ranging from veterinari-
ans to cafes.

The general rule, par-
ticularly among the small-
er businesses, is that che-
ques (unless bank guaran-
teed) are no longer ac-
ceptable as a medium of
exchange.

In other lines of busi-
ness, such as furniture,
clothing and vehicle sales,
where the items are often
bought on credit, all con-
cerns contacted by The
Citizen yesterday report-
ed that a much closer look
is being taken at potential
customers and their abili-
ty to pay.

An increase of payment
defaulters has been no-
ticeable in all sectors, al-
though trends in this re-
spect were on occasions
reported to be regional,
with the greatest  inci-
dence being in areas such
as the Eastern Cape and
those industrial areas
most affected by unem-
ployment. ~ °"°

In the furniture and ve-
hicle trade a greater num-
ber of repossessions is be~
ing recorded.

JPRS“SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


BN2177

JPRS-SSA-85-077
29 August 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

REPRODUCED BY ;
NATIONAL TECHNICAL |
| INFORMATION SERVICE |

i US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
| SPRINGFIELD, Va." 22161 {

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

Approved for public release; }
Distribution Unlimited |

Ab]

2



BUILDERS CUT TOWNSHIP OPERATIONS

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES [Business] in English 28 Jul 85 p 5

[Article by Kerry Clarke]

[Text]

cso:

3400/864

TOWNSHIP unrest has
forced several large
house-builders to cur-

‘tail their operations.

Schachat Cullum « builds”
nearly as many houses for
blacks as it does for whites. It
is finding it difficult to con-
tinue operating in areas of.
unrest.

Gough Cooper has slowed
down or stopped its oper-
ations in townships. It is par-
ticularly difficult for it to
work in parts of Soweto.

Managing director Hans
Perner says: “There are indi-
cations that things are get-
‘ting back to normal and it is

jossible we will return to

usiness next week.”

Slack

National Association of
Home Builders executive di-
rector Johan Grotsius says
the unrest will delay the en-
try of many builders to the
black market. This business
was attractive to the indus-
try as a means of taking up
some of the slack in other
markets.

“Some of our members
have had problems in the
townships, although it has
been localised. Certain areas
like Protea North in Soweto,
have not been affected.

“In areas where there has
been unrest, builders have
had difficulty in obtaining su-
pervisory labour and in safe-
guarding materials,

“Many of our members

104

jaave moved into black hous-
ing to supplement their turn-
over. They see it as an area
with good potential, but it has
been bedevilled by prob-
Jems.”

Plans fall

Builders have been
knocked by the downturn in
the total housing market, The
number of house plans
passed fell by 20% in the first

ialf of 1985.

Schachat Cullum _market-
ing director Adrian Dart sa’
the number of houses built
lags behind plans passed. The
continuing decline in the
number of plans passed
means that an upturn for the
building industry is still some
time away.

Mr Grotsius believes there
the rate of decline in plans
passed is slowing. Builders
are receiving an increasing
number of inquiries, but it is
difficult for them to clinch a

leal.

Most builders are offering
financial help to attract buy-
ers. They are also building
smaller, cheaper houses.

Mr Dart says the average
value of houses built in the
past nine months was

160 000.

“Margins are being
squeezed, and we have had to
increase volumes to make up
for the increased cost of
sales. We had a 10% increase
in sales in the first six months
of this year compared with
the last ‘six months of 1984.”

JPRS~SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS~SSA*85~077
29 August 1985

ZIMBABWE

EGYPT PLANS TO DIVERSIFY TRADE
Harare THE HERALD in English 25 Jul 85 p 17

[Text] EGYPT looks forward to extending trade relations with Zimbabwe beyond
tobacco because it believes there is more room for closer co-operation.

The Egyptian Ambassador to Zimbabwe, Mr Yousri Rizk, marking his country's
33rd national day, said he was happy that Egyptian experts in medicine, infor-
mation and culture were working closely with Zimbabweans.

Egypt was looking forward to more co-operation for the benefit of the two
countries.

The Minister of Foreign Affairs, Dr Witness Mangwende, and Mr Rizk expressed
their countries’ support for the decolonisation of Namibia and the implementa-
tion of UN Resolution 435.

In a speech read on his behalf by the Deputy Minister of Education, Senator
Joseph Culverwell, Cde Mangwende said despite Zimbabwe's gratitude for the
inspiration, practical support and encouragement from Egypt during the liber-
ation struggle, Zimbabwe also noted that Egypt had contributed its solidarity
through the assistance it rendered in reconstruction, rehabilitation and
development programmes, especially in the technical field.

Cde Mangwende said neither puppetry nor linkage would solve the Namibian prob-
lem. South Africa had to be forced to abandon its occupation of Namibia
through the application of tough measures by the international community.

The minister said he hoped that the meeting of ministers of Non-Aligned coun-
tries to be held in Luanda, Angola, in September would make the necessary
follow-up to the New Delhi call for the speedy implementation of the Namibian
independence plan.

Cde Mangwende said the recent declaration of a state of emergency in South
Africa was aimed at legalising and covering up the apartheid system's
brutalities.

Before the speeches were delivered the Egyptian ambassador called for a min-
ute's silence in honour of the Spanish ambassador to Zimbabwe, Mr Jose Luis
Blanco-Birones, who was found dead on the outskirts of the Harare suburb of
Northwood on Monday.

cso: 3400/819
127



Cabo Delgado Population Receives Weapons

(NOTICIAS, 20 Jun 85)..ccececcccccccecrcccsccecsesesceeees

Gaza Governor Addresses Population on Nation's Anniversary

(NOTICIAS, 9 Jul 85)... ccscceecscccceveccccetceseercesenee

GDR Offers Teaching Materials to University

(NOTICIAS, 9 Jul 85). ecceccccccceccenccesercceccnceeeeeces

Mineral Resources Minister Discusses Importance of Sector

(Abdul Magid Osman Interview; TEMPO, 23 Jun 85).......000.

FAO Projects Take Shape

(NOTICIAS, 5 Jul 85). .ccececccccccccccnrcccccccecenceesees

Financing for Development Projects in Niassa Increases

(NOTICIAS, 9 Jul 85). .ccccccccccencccceeceseesveceeseecees

Zambezia Province Decreases Imported Fish Consumption

(NOTICIAS, 9 JUL 85). .ceeccececceccccceccesceccetcesseeees

Food, Medicine Arrive in Drought Areas

(NOTICIAS, 6 Jul 85)...ccccccceccecesececceceeeeeeneaeeees

Changara Farmers Use Lowlands To Surmount Drought Problem

(Alfredo Macaringue; NOTICIAS, 10 Jul 85)......ccceeseeees

Irrigation Project for Beira's Green Zones

(NOTICIAS, 10 Jul 85). .ccesscccscccccccccesscccsccevereece

Small-Scale Farming in Chokwe To Increase Production

(NOTICIAS, 4 Jul 85). .cccccceccnccecccnceccescecesececeees

Nhartanda Green Zone Raises Production To Feed Tete

(NOTICIAS, 9 Jul 85)..scccssccccscccevrccccseccssscesseees

Joint Tobacco Company With Portugal Created

(NOTICIAS, 9 Jul 85). .ccceccccecccccccrercccccessrencseees

Rice Marketing Figures in Chokwe

Briefs

(NOTICIAS, 10 Jul 85). .ccccecccccccetecccccscccssccncoeees

Nhamatanda Marketing Successes
Landing Strip Built in Maringue
ENCATEX Distributes Clothing in South
Soviet Warships Visit

Jorge Rebelo Awarded Medal

Vilanculo Fish Figures

Culture Secretary Visits Paris
Leaders Visit Bandit Victims

-b-

17

19

22

23

30

32

34

36

37

39

40

43

45

46

48

48

49
50
50
50
50


ASBESTOS PRODUCERS IMPROVE PERFORMANCE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 8 Aug 85 p 28

[Article by Daan de Kock]

[Text]

cso:

MSAULI, one of the
asbestos producers in
the Gencor group, did
extremely well in the
six months ended June
1985 after it suffered a
loss for the year ended
December 1984, but,
as expected, no interim
dividend has been de-
clared.

The mine suffered an
operating loss in 1984
after it had been flooded
by cyclone Domoina.

Attributable income
for the six months rose to
R2,6-million (1984-
R896 000) on a turnover
of R16,3-million (R10,6-
million).

Earnings a share for the
six months increased to
41c a share from 13,9¢ a
share the corresponding
period the previous year.

The directors say no in-
terim dividend has been
declared, in line with the

3400/864

statement in the 1984 an-
nual report that the re-
quirements of a substan-
tial capital expenditure
Programme would inhibit
the availability of cash for
dividend payments.

‘The capex programme
is being financed by a
long-term loan facility of
up to R6-million provided

by Gencor. The amount *

owing under this facility
at the half year end was
R1,2-million, and the di-
rectors note that no divi-
dends. will be paid until
the loan has been re-
payed.

The bulk of the capex
programme will be spent
ona shaft-sinking pro-
gramme designed to im-
prove ore supply.

The directors say the
price. of Msauli fibre re-
mained under pressure,
but ‘the company ben-
efited by ‘the weaker
rand.

Gefco Msauli’s stable-

105

mate, also had a good six
months,

‘The company has an-
nounced an attributable
profit of R8,1-million
against R6,I-million the
corresponding period the
previous year. This- is
equal to earnings of 22,6c
(17c) a share.

Turnover for the six
months amounted to RS7-
million — a fraction high-
er than the R58,6-million
in the corresponding
period.

The mine kept the in-
terim dividend unchanged
at 10c a share.

Gefco also benefited
from the weaker rand.

Stocks of unsold fibre
are still building up, and if
the sales volume forecast
for the second half of the
year do not materialise, a
further curtailment of
production may become
necessary, the directors
say.

JPRS~SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



is the state which is conducting that research. In awhile, we are going to”
change that policy in the area of mobilizing foreign investments. ‘Also in
the field of solid minerals, we intend to invite several companies to make
investments at their own expense and.risk, so that we may~ increase the geolo-
gical information further still... It is for this reason ‘that we are preparing
the Law on Mines, which will’ authorize and allow’ for the access of private
capital to geological research’ and the development of the mining industry in
Mozambique. Obviously, some strategic zones will.be reserved for state under-
takings, as may possibly occur. in Moatize, where we are going to build a major
state complex. But in the other areas, particularly for the development of
some of those ores that I mentioned, gold, fluorite and titanium production.
in the coastal zone, we are already holding discussions with certain private
firms for making investments based on private capital.

[Question] Mr Minister, you mentioned the Law on Mines. Is it now in an
advanced phase of preparation, will it be issued soon or is it still awaiting

a preliminary study?

[Answer] It is in an advanced phase, because it is a bill which was begun some
years ago and we expect to be able to publish it as early.as this' year. Since
it is a law, it must be approved in the People's Assembly or else by the
Standing Commission of the People's Assembly;. and’ it will depend largely on
the possibility of its being analyzed by the warious organs that have to
discuss and pass this law.

Utilizing. Existing Information

[Question] Mr Minister, major mineral discoveries in the world, for example,
that of gold, have been made by individuals or small groups of persons. At
least that is what history has told us. What possibilities are there of the
opening of the mineral resources sector to small-scale or family industry in
the future? :

[Answer] It is a fact that, historically, we who have a certain amount of
historical .curiosity and who love films have sometimes seen great gold rtishes
made in the United States, in California and Texas, ‘in which a-prospector
appeared with his mule and pickax. He was searching for gold lodes.

This is a problem that exists in Mozambique, managing to publicize among
certain workers the art of prospecting,’ so that they may go to the field
with their pickaxes and hammers and find some geological: findings which,
after they have been investigated more systematically, could tell us the
economic importance of such an event. This would widen ‘the extent ‘of the
geological information in the country.” And we have been trying to-do this.
Furthermore, we have been attempting to legalize the status. of small-scale
production. In some parts of the .country,. many peasants have the tradition
of picking up gold in the river beds. Up until now, that had been banned, ©
and it.is our idea to legalize, to award’a mining permit ‘to those peasants
and have their production collected. This is very important, particularly |

26



air” expansion in domestic con-
sumption that characterised the
half-boom which ~ led by easy
money supply and high wage/sa-
lary and inflation ex; tions —
lasted into the first quarter of
last year.

T.. call for consistency and
continued restraint now.

Dickman questions whether
fovernment really braked that
ard, and says any Joosening of
the reins will have to be within
very clearly-defined limits.

pionka — while sympatheti-

cally aware of the harsh realities
of on the lower rungs of the
economic ladder — warns gov-
ernment against “chickening out
ahead of an increase in unem-
ployment”, Monetary policy
should not, he says, deviate from
accepting positive real interest
rates,

Parsons says business wants
less crisis management of mone-
tary, fiscal and exchange rate
policy. Economic policy in gener-
al and monetary Policy in par-
ticular must be handled so as to
restore confidence and’ credibil-

All six economists would like
to see government implementing
the De Kock recommendations,
present monetary restraint;
@To allow no real increase in

public sector spending — as a
minimum condition,
@ To move ahead with privatisa-

tion and deregulation; and

@ To restore confidence within a
framework of realistic expecta-
tions.

There was also strong — al-
though not unanimous — support
for supply-side tax cuts.

Not one has recommended any
significant relaxation on mone-
tary controls, particularly in
view of the fact that government
has only recently restored some
balance between its monetary,
and ‘fiscal policies. Any stimula-
tion via the money supply, which
would be illusory, is rejected.

Tree are shades of difference

85

between the six on the extent to
which market forces should set
the pace as government regu-
lates money supply.

For example, Cypionka ad-
vises a controlled decline in in-
terest rates, Geldenhuys says the
direction of rates is down so let
them go while government
spending is under control — “you
can’t keep all of the stops out all
of the time”.

And Kantor says that Reserve
and monetary targeting in par-
ticular, as soon as possible.

Kantor says: “Introduce tar-
gets before the next revival gets
under way. Business and consum-
ers need these if they are to be
convinced that inflation will not
accelerate with the revival.”

Dickman is cautious about tar-

eting. He approves of it but feels

at 1986 is too soon for targeting
to be important in evaluating
monetary policy. He says the Re-
serve Bank will need some ex-'
perience in the use of this tool.

He also refers to the technical
aspects ret and espe-
cially the impact of velocity on
targeting theory, which, he says,
might lead in practice to nominal
targeting of GNP.

He also suggests that, now that
net reserves are beginning to im-
prove — which might lead to in-
creased liquidity — changes in
bank credit should be closely
watched.

Grocers interprets present
Reserve Bank monetary Policy
as interest rate policy. “They are
foing to influence interest rates

rough the discount window”.

Kantor said control over the
money supply meant breakin;
the links between bank credit ai
money su) ply, but lower interest
rates would not necessarily ignite
credit demands.

Geldenhuys appears to agree on
this score, saying that a credit
spree is unlikely; even with prime
at 17%, because of the squeeze on
real incomes. He qualifies this by
warning against a relaxation of
hire purchase curbs relaxed too
quickly,

Regarding tax, the prescrip-



SHOPKEEPERS SAY TRADE IS STILL BLEAK

Post Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 30 Jul 85 p 9

[Text]

cso:

3400/885

CONFLICTING reports concerning the black con-—

sumer boycott in Port Elizabeth have been received.

While some Korsten traders have reported an im-
provement in black consumer buying, of four North
End stores contacted today, three reported the situa-
tion as still bleak.

A spokesman for a major furnishing store which
relies on black buyers for 90% of its business, said
that since the inception of the state of emergency
business had definitely improved.

A clothing retailer, who also relies predominantly
on African trade, said only 1% to 2% of the customers
who normally supported him were buying.

The manager of a North End men’s outfitters with
“99% black clientele” said he had seen “no improve-
ment” since the state of emergency was applied.

“Tean't carry on like this. P'll go bankrupt,” he said.

A shoe store owner in North End said they
depended on black clients for about 50% of their
trade, but had also experienced “no improvement”.

‘The vice-chairman of the East Cape Traders Asso-

ciation, Mr Shun Pillay, said today that Durban Road
in Korsten was “very quict” today, traditionally a
busy day.
He said the pamphlet announcing the boycott had
been called off, had “caused confusion and worsened
the situation” because “the average African in the
townships is too terrified to make a decision to break
the boycott,” he said.

He said many traders were hopeful the pamphlet
was valid and many had put it up in their shops.

Both the Consumer Boycott Committee and the
Eastern Cape Regional Committee of the United
Democratic Front have denied responsibility for
pamphlets distributed in the townships stating the
boycott was over.

Mr Mkhuseli Jack, a spokesman for the Consumer
Boycott Committee, said any pamphlet issued by his
committee would be easily recognisable.

Mr Stone Sizani, regional publicity secretary for
UDF, said the pamphlets were “malicious and de-
structive tactics”.

80

IJPRS“SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



FUNDING FOR PROPOSED FISHING PROJECT APPROVED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 26 Jul 85 pp 1, 4

{Article by Rose Hayford]

[Text]

cso:

3400/862

THE Agricultural De-
velopment Bank has
been granted‘a total of
21-million units of ac-
count credit, that is
19.8 million dollars, by
the African Develop-
ment Fund (ADF) and
the European Deve-
lopment Fund (EDF) to
enable it to carry out
its programme for the ©
fishing industry.

The credit facility
which will be admini-
stered by the ADB would
benefit fishermen in the
country and improve on!
the industry.

Speaking. at’ the
Jaunchin of a pe mcr»
vessel,

‘Tema on Wednesday. the
managing director of

Samuel
Odame-Labi. said the
ADF will give 15 million
units of account’ (14.2
million dollars) while the
EDF will also provide six
million units of account
(5.6 million dollars).

Mr Odame-Labi an-
nounced that the ADF
credit has already been
declared effective and
tenders will soon be

opened for bidders for the
stipply of the goods.
According to.the ma-
naging director. the EDF
credit has been earmark-
ed for repairs of non-
functional vessels which
have been identified
along the coast and the
procurement of nets, ro-
pes and hooks for fisher-

men. 3

Part of the credit, he
said, will also be used in
bringing in spare parts to
rehabilitate existing cold
stores.

Cold store plants are
‘also to be put up at landing’
‘beaches where there are no!
such facilities.

‘The managing director |
“of Kodu Fisheries, Mr
Kwaku Dofah who owns
the ‘Okyeso’ motor vessel.
commended the ADB for
coming ‘to the aid of the
fishing industry.

. Technical Manager
sof Boatyard Division of
GIHOC, MrS. D. Abavaah
frpenred to boatowners to
the division to build a'
second slipway to facilitate
repairs of fishing vessels.

A director of the Kodu
Fisheries, Mrs Esther Do-
fah. launched the vessel.

JPRS~SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

GHANA


JORGE REBELO AWARDED MEDAL~-Yesterdays President Samora Machel presented the
“Order of Socialist Labor, First Degree," to Jorge Rebelo, secretary of the
Central Committee and first secretary of the FRELIMO Party in the City of Maputo.
The decoration was awarded by the Permanent Commission of the People's Assembly,
on the proposal of the Political Bureau of the FRELIMO Party Central Committee.
The “Order of Socialist Labor, First Degree" was awarded to Jorge Rebelo for

his excellent direction of the Central Committee for Organization of the Com-
memoration of the 10th anniversary of independence, an exemplary performance

of the task entrusted to him by the FRELIMO Party Central Committee. President
Samora Machel said that Jorge Rebelo was primarily responsible for the successful
organization of the 10th anniversary celebrations. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS

in Portuguese 4 Jul 85 p 1] 6362

VILANCULO FISH FIGURES--The fishermen in the district of Tilanculo, Inhambane,
exceeded by over 17 percent the goal for catching 500 tons of fish stipulated
for the first phase of this year. This fact was announced by the provincial
head of PESCOM, Vasco Jossefa Mabote. Last year, the fishermen did not attain
the established production level for lack of barter products, essentially
clothing and-footwear. Vasco Mabote said that this year the problem has
been solved because a considerable amount of fish ‘supplied Manica and Sofala
Provinces in exchange for corn meal. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese

9 Jul 85 p 1] 2909

CULTURE SECRETARY VISITS PARIS--Luis Bernardo Honwana, state secretary of
culture, is currently in Paris, in connection with the. marking of the 10th
anniversary of Mozambican independence. In an exclusive interview with the
ANOP [Portuguese News Agency] correspondent in Paris, the state secretary of
culture declared that our government's main concern in the cultural realm is
"to preserve the people's culture, a culture which the colonial power always
attempted to diminisl .". According to Honwana, this preservation also entails
"an effort for enhancement and promotion, so that a national culture will be
achieved." When asked about the cultural cooperation between Portugal and
Mozambique, he said that there is an agreement between the two countries which
has not yet been ratified by the Lisbon government, owing to minor technical
problems yet to be solved. When queried as to whether there is a real desire
on Portugal's part to develop the cooperation, Honwana claimed that this desire
does exist among the Portuguese leaders. In response to another question from
the ANOP correspondent regarding the cooperation between France and Mozambique,
Honwana gave a reminder that there is a general agreement between the two
countries for cooperation which "calls for cultural cooperation in its terms."
However, the state secretary of culture did not preclude the possibility that
the development of cultural relations between France and Mozambique would
require an agreement in the cultural area. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese
8 Jul 85 p 1] 2909

LEADERS VISIT BANDIT VICTIMS--A delegation of our country's party and govern~
ment leaders, led by the member of the Central Committee's Politbureau and
interior minister, Oscar Monteiro, and also including the Central Committee
member and health minister, Pascoal Mocumbi, visited the infirmaries of the

50



cso:

3400/864

ition to obtain substantial
assistance from other
Central Banks under the
auspices of the ‘BIS or.
from the IMF, the review
feels that resorting to
these measures would be
a extreme step, and un-
heard of in the case of a
credit-worthy country
such as South Africa.

It feels too that with the
underlying soundness of
the current account of the
balance of payments and
that not only is the coun-
try’s foreign debt being
serviced comfortably, but
also being reduced grad-
ually, it should be poss-
ible to contain the current
crisis.

Any need for real
emergency measures
should threfore pass. be-
fore long.

92



PORT ELIZABETH FIRMS LOOK TO GOVERNMENT FOR ACTION

Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 17 Jul 85 p 1

/Article by Kin Bentley/

I Text]

cso:

THERE is an uproar
brewing among white
businessmen bearing the
brunt of the black con-
sumer boycott of Port
Elizabeth retail outlets
whjch started on Monday.

They are concerned

about the lack of “official |

moves” in ending the boy-
cott action which one
trader sald could see half
the city’s smaller busi-
nesses closed.

The proprictor of a
chain of four stores in PE,
who did not wish to be

named, said three of his ;

shops which relied on
black clientele had exper-
fenced a 90% drop in
trade.

He said: “I don’t think
the Government is going
to do anything about it,

“I phoned the local
National Party office.
They’ve got no idea
what's going on, and they
run the country.”

He said it was time the
State President became
involved.

“Instead they’re send-
ing (Law and Order Min-
ister, Mr Louis) le Grange
here, who made a mess-
up in Uitenhage,” he said.

3400/885

He added that local
traders affected would be

" meeting to discuss ways
: of drawing to the Govern-

ment’s attention the se-

’ verity of the situation. He

questioned whether the
PE Chamber of Com-
merce could do anything.

The man said he would ©

have no option but to con-
sider laying off staff in
the near future if the boy-
cott continued, aggravat-

ing the unemployment sit- _

"uation.

+ on Monday a woman was -

Referring to the intimi-
dation of buyers, he said

forced out of one of his
shop by a person wielding
a knife, .

The boycott, coming on
top of the generally de-
pressed situation, was
“absolutely devastating”,
said another trader who

’ owns a large clothing out-
, let in North End.

He said he'd like to see
some ‘“‘constructive
action” taken by the Gov-
ernment, which should
“take cognisance of the
black grievances and of
our problems”,

“The removal of the
army from the townships
is not within our power,”
he said.

71

JPRS~SSA~85~077

29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

“What I would like to
see is someone talking to

them, discussing the situ-

ation and trying to put

things right.”

» Demands made by the
organisers of the planned
two-month boycott by
black consumers include:

@ That the South Afri-
can Defence Force and
the heavy contingent of
police be withdrawn from
the black townships.

@ That the mystery
appearances of peopl
the townships should
come to an end.

@ That the Government

‘ should freeze price hikes

on basic commodities,
especially those used by
blacks.

@ That the ban on
meetings by certain
organisations be lifted.

@ That the Black Local
Authorities Act be
scrapped.

@ That the Department
of Education and Train-
ing consider pupils’
demands.



JPRS*SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

FINANCING FOR DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN NIASSA INCREASES
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 9 Jul 85 pl

[Text] Since the proclamation of our national independence, the bank financing
for agricultural, industrial and commercial development projects in Niassa
Province has increased by over 3,000 percent.

The provincial director of finances for Niassa, who disclosed this fact, said
that, actually, throughout this decade the bank financing for ‘various develop-
ment projects in the province showed an unprecedented rise, considering the
fact that, after independence, new sectors of activity which were non-existent
during the colonial period were created in that northern section of the country,
such as the state and cooperative agrarian sectors.

That official remarked: "During colonial times, the credit was directed and
granted to protect the interests of the oppressors, for exploiting and looting
our resources and for financing the colonists. Today, however, we can claim
that the bank financing is directed toward the country's socioeconomic develop-
ment; and, in Niassa Province; it has increased by more than 3,000 percent
since 1975."

He said that, upon the creation of the People's Development Bank in December
1977, the banking system now covers the entire province, which means that all
the district headquarters benefit from services of a BPD branch.

In fact, there are 11 BPD branches in all of Niassa Province, with one subsidi-
ary in Lichinga, two agencies in Cuamba and Marrupa and eight offices in the
district headquarters; in addition to-which there are also 18 savings banks in
operation, scattered all over the province. This makes it possible to shorten
the distance between the bank and the depositor, thus responding to the popula-—
tion's requests concerning the plan for territorial banking coverage.

When asked to make a statement on the premature destruction of bank notes, the
provincial director of finance for Niassa said that this was due to the popula-
tion's ignorance of banking customs which, in his words, prompted the central
agencies, on 25 September of last year, to start the First. National Campaign
to:Collect Savings. In addition to attracting small savings, the campaign was
aimed essentially at accelerated banking education among the people.

32



Dispelling the widespread (but erroneous) idea that field work is for old
people, the youths living at the bottom of the valley are also taking part

in the tasks. One of thos appearing in front of ‘us as we were ‘touring the
garden plots of this cooperative was David Aleixo, aged 22, who in addition

to farm work is also employed in the treasurer's office. It was he who informed
us. of what they were now earning.. The fact is that the wage for each coopera-
tive member has been set at 1,500 meticals per month. .

When we asked him how he felt after receiving his. first pay, David Aleixo,
considered to be very experienced in farming activity, responded thusly:
"Who wouldn't like to earn the results of his labor?"

Mention should be made here of the major assistance which the Nhartanda
group of production cooperatives has received from the Rural Development
Program, consisting of supplies of seed as well as aid in the form of human
resources, to introduce more advanced farming techniques.

At present, the valley is producing nearly all types of green vegetables and
selling part of that production to some of the restaurants in the city of Tete.
However, this is not all, because that production is still inadequate. But

it is a fact’.(and we are certain of this) that, in the not too distant future,
Nhartanda will provide food for the entire city of Tete.

Why Nhartanda?

As we mentioned previously, this valley has already made news. in the media,
especially in the city of Tete, and it. is still doing.so now. Nevertheless,
this is still not proportionate to its growth. As Governor Eduardo Arao
explained to us, this is still a project "in an embryonic phase."

He also reminded us that the valley emerged as a means of coping with the
serious food crisis (which still persists), caused by the long drought which
ravaged the region. This was. the reason for making the proposal for.using ~
Nhartanda Valley, where reservoirs of water for irrigation were created,

No Pesticides

There is no question that, if the entire valley is utilized, killing famine
would be a reality in the city of Tete. And this necessarily. entails the use
pf pesticides, as well, for better yield from the land. However, this cannot
occur, because pesticides would pollute the water coming from the valley area to
supply the.city. This situation is considered "the main’bottleneck" in this
important agricultural project.

It is under these conditions that the agricultural cooperative movement, aimed
essentially at supplying the provincial capital of Tete with green vegetables,
is gaining strength and dimensions.

2909
CSO: 3442/351

44



WEAKER NP SEEN AS BEING IN INTERESTS OF ALL REFORMERS

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 28 Jul 85 p 27

JPRS~SSA=85*077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

[Article by Robert Schrire, head of department of political studies, University

of Cape Town]

[Text ]

FOR several years, South Afri-
cans have been overwhelmed by
a barrage of reports and com-
missions diagnosing their politi-
cal problems and providing out-
lines of possible solutions.

The Buthelezt and Quail commis-
sions, the reports of the President’s
Council, and most recently, the de-
tailed findings of the HSRC all point
in the direction of an emerging con-

sensus.

Although the details differ, often
in important respects, the broad di-
rection of change is reasonably
clear:

The decentralisation of power to
regional authorities and councils,
full and equal participation for all
South Africans, power-sharing, the
elimination of race as the determin-
ing factor in political and socio-eco-
nomic arrangements, and limited

wer at the centre with entrenched
legal rights and protections.

Gloom

Yet despite this growing agree-
ment on "iesirable ends, which
would have been unthinkable 10
years ago, the national mood re-
mains dominated by gloom.

The black townships are smoul-
dering, the brown and Indian com-
munities remain alienated, and
foreign pressures are increasing.

To an increasing extent the cau-
tious overtures of the Govern-
ment are being rejected by a wide
range of black, brown and radical
white spokesmen.

Indeed, even those policies of
the Government which are clearly
reformist in intent and conse-
quence are viewed with suspicion
or are discounted in advance.

113

What is the missing element in
the reform mix? Why have the
hopes of so many well-meaning
Government verligtes been
dashed?

Put simply, the Government
strategy of unilateral and con-
trolled reform hasn’t worked, and
will not work because it is not
supported by a broad-based multi-
racial coalition.

Too many groups have had
their interests seriously harmed
for too long by the present
National Party.

The National Party, identified
with group areas, influx control,
detention without trial, popula-
tion classification, job reservation
and innumerable other discrimi-
natory measures, has simply not
been able to successfully adopt
the mantle of the reformer and
convince those who are not white
of its bona fides:

This perception in turn, has cre-
ated the central dilemma in black
politics.

On the one hand, it is recognised
that the white-controlled Govern-
ment remains the ruler of the land
and retains the power to change
or not to change.

On the other, it is recognised
that to enter negotiation with this
Government under present cir-
cumstances is the kiss of death.

To negotiate is to risk the dra-
matic erosion of community sup-
port, as the Labour Party has dis-
covered to its cost.

To feel unable to negotiate in
the present context an thereby
fail to deliver the goods is to ris!
irrelevance and the gradual ero-



ENCATEX DISTRIBUTES CLOTHING IN SOUTH--A few days ago, in the city of Maputo,
the sale of over 4,000 packages of clothing recently acquired by our country
from the United States of America was begun. The sale of the aforementioned
clothes is being coordinated by a commission including members of the city

OTM [Mozambican Workers Organization], GOAM [Office for the Organization of
Provisioning] and the National Footwear and Texile Enterprise (ENCATEX). This
information was disclosed to our reporter by the general director of the latter
enterprise, Antonio Francisco Munguambe. Clothing items have been. sold by
commercial establishments, including consumer cooperatives and private stores.
Certain enterprises have received sizable amounts of clothing for direct sale
to their workers. The sale of large amounts of clothing in the capital took
place a few days after the recent visit that President Samora Machel paid to
ENCATEX, in connection with the political and organizational offensive. The
head of state, scoring some irregularities detected in that state enterprise,
ordered on that occasion that the clothing in the 10,000 packages which were
imported reach the population before 25 June. Antonio Mungnambe began by
stating that the clothes currently for sale in the capital are part of a total
of 10,000 packages recently distributed among the three provinces in the south-
ern part of the country: Inhambane, Gaza and Maputo. He explained to us: "This
clothing is not the kind that is considered ‘disaster clothing,' by several
individuals. It cost the country money." Antonio Munguambe added:."There is
no doubt that we have at times received some volumes of clothing donated by
various countries or international organizations." Antonio Munguambe made these
comments at our request to claify assertions claiming that the clothing in
packages sold in various locations in the southern part of the country a few
days ago was all donated by several countries that: have been helping us to
minimize the nakedness problems. Also on this subject, he added that the
country's annual total textile production is approximately 9 million items of
various types, for a population of over 13 million Mozambicans. From the
numbers one concludes that the national production is inadequate to meet the
consumption needs. He also said that it.is planned to purchase more clothing
which will be distributed throughout the country before the end ‘of this year.
In the current shipment, people are complaining about’ the lack of shirts, pants
and dresses for women and children, items considered as essential by the
citizens. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 21 Jun 85 p 3] 2909

SOVIET WARSHIPS VISIT--Since Saturday, a detachment of warships from the Soviet
Union has been in Maputo, and is scheduled to remain in our country for 4 days.
The detachment consists of the anti-submarine ship "Strogui," and an oil

tanker , under the general command of Sea and War Captain Beregovoi N. Nikito-
vich. According to the general commander, this is an official and friendship
visit and in commemoration of our 10th anniversary of national independence.
Speaking at a press conference aboard ‘the vessel, an admiral; the sea and war
captain, also associated this visit with the. intensification of the relations

of friendship and solidarity between the USSR and the RPM, established in the
treaty of friendship and cooperation’ signed between the two countries. The
commander of the Soviet warship detail expressed his satisfaction with the
fruitful development of those relations: and hailed the efforts of the Mozambican
people to build a new society. On his own personal behalf. and that of the
Soviet seamen, he also voiced wishes on the occasion of this festive celebration
for success in the national reconstruction and the intensification of the RPM's
defense capacity. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24: Jun 85 p 1] 2909

49



JPRS~SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

JOINT TOBACCO COMPANY WITH PORTUGAL CREATED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 9 Jul 85 p 1

[Text] A joint Mozambican~Portuguese tobacco enterprise will soon start its
activities:in Mozambique. It is the Commercial Tobacco Enterprise, Ltd,
the establishment of which was made official by Almeida Matos, general
ditector of the Light'and Food Industry Management Unit, and Pedro Coelho,
“manager-associate of the Tobacco Enterprise, at a ceremony held yesterday
afternoon in Maputo.

Also present at the function were the state secretary of light and food
industry, Francisco Caravela, and the Portuguese ambassador to Mozambique,
Palouro das Neves.

Speaking at the’end of the ceremony, Almeida Matos expressed the view that
the creation of the joint enterprise was extremely important to the development
of Mozambique's tobacco industry.

Almeida Matos remarked: "The creation of this enterpirse is aimed essentially
at improving the quality of our cigarettes and introducing them into the
international market";"stressing that the modern technology which the Portu-
guese firm has would contribute greatly to giving an impetus to our tobacco
industry.

He also noted.that the event is occurring in the context of the cooperation
which exists between the two countries, guided on a higher level by the
respective directors.

In his remarks, Pedro Coelho said that the transfer of technology, as well as

* the assignment of professionally trained Portuguese cadres, and the experience
that his firm has in the tobacco area, will afford the sector considerable
development.

In’ ‘conclusion, Pedro Coelho put his firm at ‘the disposal of Mozambique, for
sending cadres to Portugal in order to improve them technically and profession-
ally.

2909
csO: 3442/350

45



consider to be the more correct description of what disinvestment per se
stands for. It is that kind of disinvestment that I am totally opposed to.

It would be incorrect to generalise that any strategy has no positive factors
and as a strategy, one would certainly find positive factors in disinvestment.
But one has to consider from an overall context whether the positive and the
negative factors weighed and balanced give you a strategy that will ultimately
be successful, and at what price and at what cost--or whether alternate
strategies could achieve the same purposes and at a lesser price and at a
lesser cost.

It is my contention that the strategy should be in a different form--not dis-
investment but what I would call "investment for change" placing the emphasis
not on divesting but on investing in fact to a larger extent to achieve the
desired objectives which even the protagonists of disinvestment hope to
achieve--I think that is how one should look at the situation.

COOPER: The disinvestment campaign firstly puts moral pressure to bear on
multi-national companies over investment here.

It also has in its favour that it focuses world interest on this country,
particularly on what this country has been trying to get away from with its
various manipulated statistics and its apparent "reform" in this country: the
fact that the majority of South African citizens are denied basic rights in
the country of their birth.

Disinvestment focuses on those basic injustices and inequalities.

3. What are the arguments against it?

OMAR: It will have the effect of causing tremendous and untold harm to all
the peoples of South Africa, and it will not be selective in its application.

Even if you want to isolate a particular group whom you feel are responsible
for the moral wrongs in this country, you cannot isolate and attack that group
in isolation itself. I believe in the principle that destructive means cannot
achieve constructive ends. If one adopts a strategy that has very little
chance of success, that in itself makes the strategy a negative one to start
off with.

I believe that the same people could in fact make this a constructive force by
adopting the theme of "Investment for change" because that opens a host of
possibilities.

COOPER: The problem with disinvestment is that it really hasn't got much of a
sustained and fundamental support behind it that can result in multinational
companies pulling out of this country.

It merely has moral pressure, it appeals to the morality of people in power.

It appeals to the morality of the multinational companies and the morality of
the South African Government.

74



JPRS~SSA*85*077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PRIVATIZATION SEEN KEY TO NEXT YEAR'S ECONOMIC GROWTH t

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 1 Aug 85 p 6

[Article by Paul Bell]:

[Text]

EXT YEAR, most people
have been led to believe,
there will be an economic
recover «and about
time, too. That should mean
higher real incomes, more jobs
and less expensive loans to buy
houses and cars and other dura-
es.
This has important implica-
tions for businessmen, as they
need to know what steps to take
now on such things as manufac-
turing capacity, inventories and
other aspects of their business to
ensure that they are able to ex-
ploit the opportunities that be-
come available.

The better they are able to do
this, the more efficient the eco-
nomy will become and the great-
er the chances of economic
growth accelerating to the bene-
fit of all.

The key to the speed of recov-
ery will, of course, certainly at
first be determined by the mone-
tary and fiscal strategies that are
applied by government.

nevitably, these strategies

lead to controversy, usually be-
cause they have political impli-
cations, but also because differ-
ent interest groups see. their

rticular interests best served
in different ways.

Politicians and public servants,
for instance, usually present
higher government spending as a
priority to building up economic
steam. They have, of course, most
to gain from it and also from
inflation, which swells tax cof-

fers. '

84

B...-: and businessman, on
the other hand, usually perceive
their interests best served by
lower taxes, unless they are to
gain directly from government
contracts.

Whatever the correct strate-
gies should be, now is the time
that they should be formulated
and discussed, To this end, Busi-
ness Day intends to carry a
cross-section of informed opinion
ina series of articles on the topic.

We start today with the views
of six economists: the economic
consultant to the board ‘of the
Anglo American Corporation,
Aubrey Dickman; Assocom’s
chief executive Raymond Par-
sons; the Federated Chamber of
Industries chief economist Ar-
thur Hammond-Tooke; the Stan-
dard Bank’s economics chief Nic
Cypionka; Professor Brian Kan-
tor, of the UCT Business School;
and economist Louis Geldenhuys,
of stockbrokers George Huy-
samer and Partners.

Four elements have been dis-
cerned by all of them as impor-
tant points of government strate-
gy in 1986,

They are:

@ To retain the credibility of
Bank Governor Gerhard de
Kock, if he is not to lose credibil-

. ity, will have to change operating

procedures sufficiently to pre-
vent extra credit demands from
any quarter leading to extra,
supplies of money.

fost of the economists stress
tH® need to avoid the type of “hot



IJPRS=SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

IRRIGATION PROJECT FOR BEIRA'S GREEN ZONES
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 10 Jul 85 p 2

[Excerpt] About 2,000 hectares of land, taking in the enclave
which includes Chota, Macurungo and Estoril districts, in the
city of Beira, will soon benefit from a drainage and irriga-
tion program, as.part of the general plan to recover and
develop the drainage system, within the process of organizing
our agriculture, the director of green zones in this city
reported to NOTICIAS.

The project, which is now underway with the opening of storm ditches and the
organization of farm plots, is already cutting through the arable land in the
above-mentioned suburban zones and includes two phases. The first phase
involves the control of the water and particularly the drainage, and the
second phase will deal only wih the irrigation of land which has already been
prepared.

According to the director of green zones in Beira, the basic issue is the
development of agriculture, a basic condition for which is drainage and irri-
gation. "To this end, we have this project which will be carried out in tandem
with the ‘rehabilitation of the drainage system, in the hope that this action
will serve as the prototype for the expansion of our agricultural system,"

the Beira director of green zones explained.

The agricultural cadre also noted that the proper functioning of the drainage
system is basic to the full development of agriculture, particularly in Chota,
Macurungo and Estoril ‘districts, where the salt water has been out of control
lately and has easily invaded the farm land at high tide.

The director said that in these zones, where rice is the predominant crop,
poor production has been observed in recent years as a result of the high salt
content of the water which has penetrated the farm plots because the flood
gates have been out of commission. .

6362
CSO: 3442/349

39



process was in development stages. The newspaper said the three methods
involved the conversion of natural gas, the indirect liquefaction of coal and
the distillation of oil shale. The Energy Policy Committee, the country's co-
ordinating body of energy policy and strategy, would consider the synthetic
fuel proposals as a top priority to achieve the desired level of self-suffi-
ciency by 1990, Dr Scott was quoted as saying. The new processes would not
produce all the by-products of the Sasol plants, but would basically produce
synthetic petrol and diesel. If the projects were passed, they and future
projects would be financed by a Central Energy Fund, Dr Scott said. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 7 Aug 85 p 3]

BEEF PRODUCTION WORRIES--THE gross value of red-meat produced in 1938-84
amounted to R2,45bn--44% of. total. animal production and 20% of all agricul-
tural production, said Minister of Agriculture and Water Provision Sarel
Hayward. Speaking. at the opening of a Meat Science Centre at Irene, Hayward
said that the red-meat industry consisted of 32 000 producers and 700 middle-
men. There were 410 abattoirs and carcasses were handled by 305 wholesalers.
The meat was sold through 5.150 retail butchers and 970 supermarkets. The
minister stressed that it had become increasingly difficult to farm red meat
profitably. Consumers were offered more sources of protein foods sold at
highly-competitive prices. The image of beef was also seriously damaged by
being presented often as unhealthy. This was a totally wrong impression.
Hayward stressed the importance of research funds. In SA R65m a year was
spent on agricultural research. For animal and veterinary research R22m would
be spent this year. In other development countries, Hayward said, 2,5% of the
gross value of agricultural products was spent on research and extension. In
SA a meagre 0,84% was spent. [By Gerald Reilly] Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS
DAY in English 1 Aug 85 p 4] : .

LOANS FOR LEBOWA--LOANS totalling R19,7m have been granted to Lebowa by the
Development Bank of Southern Africa. These, the first loan agreements to be
signed between Lebowa and the bank, marks the first time that it has made
agreements with all of its participating states. The total is split seven
ways between three separate projects which carry an estimated value of R46,1m.
The largest slice--three loans totalling R13,6m--go to Seshego Industrial
Development Project which involves the construction of factory buildings,
flats and other infrastructural development. Smaller amounts go to the
Phokoane Maize Project, three loans totalling about .R1,2m to set up commercial
farmers in the Nebo district and the Lebowa. government; R5m for the surfacing
and up-grading of the Nebo/Jane Furse road and the construction of two links
roads. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 1 Aug 85 p 14]

CSO: 3400/864

125



IPRS~SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BORDER POST WITH TRANSKEI TO BE MOVED
East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 17 Jul 85 -p 1

[Text] QUEENSTOWN--The Bongolo border post near here will be moved to the
actual Transkei border at Nonesi's Nek in November or December this year, the
MP for Queenstown, Mr. M. H. Louw, said yesterday.

He was answering questions’ at a-meeting convened by him and attended by the
Director-General of Home Affairs, Mr G. Van Zyl, the chief immigration officer
in charge‘of the Kei Bridge, Braam Nek and Bongolo. border posts, Mr A. J.

Stap, and businessmen and farmers affected by the siting of the post 7 km from
the border at Nonesi's Nek.

Mr Van Zyl ‘gaia at the time the government thought it best to situate the post
at Bongolo to save money by serving traffic on both roads leading into
Transkei. ‘

ports Dele Soni :
"We need a minimum! of 18 people to man thé border post, so it does cost
money," he.said.

Mr Van Zyl thanked two farmers, Mr Follie Beukes and Mr J. Hodgkiss, for
offering land, water and electricity for the siting of the new post.

He said the department was still not sure how to handle the Dordrecht road and
was investigating the idea of mobile roadblocks. It was also ‘investigating
the siting of a passport office in Queenstown as’ there were other "uncon-
trolled" roads leading. from Transkei.

On the question of the inconvenience farmers endured ‘because of the unavail-
ability of travel documents for South African blacks, Mr Van Zyl said the
problem could be negotiated with the Ciskei and Transkei governments in regard
to their citizens, but the question of South African blacks was more complex.

He said 90 per cent of the blacks living and working in the Queenstown area
were Transkeian and Ciskeian Khosa speaking citizens who were not acknowledged
by the authorities because "the more people they can pass on to South Africa,
the more it helps them"

Mr Van Zyl said a high-powered cabinet committee chaired by the Minister of

Constitutional Development, Mr Chris Heunis, was trying to solve the problem
of citizenship, which involved the whole problem of influx control.

109



scenarios — a slow return to
temporary quiet or sustained
low-level unrest — are most
likely, and the last scenario
least likely.

It would be exceedingly fool-
ish, however, for the
ment or its various oppositions
to take any single outcome for
granted.

There is one logical scenario
missing from the line-up of pos-
sible outcomes mentioned
above.

It is a scenario of determined,
well-packaged reforms leading
to the restabilisation of” the

country as a co-operative en.

deavour between white and
black leaders.

It has been omitted because
socio-political reform, which
was so much in the air a year
ago, has slipped off the agenda.

A few days ago Chief Buthe-
lezi made the statement that
President Botha and he had
never been farther apart, which
seems to be one telling index of
the political stalemate in the
country.

The shift in the Government
stance, while deeply tegretta-
ble, is understandable in some
ways.

Unrest and street violence do
not make good negotiating part-
ners, and governments are nor-
mally disinclined to make any
concessions which would appear
to reward such unrest.

The Western nations have
started to shift back to a stick-
without-carrot approach to
South Africa, which, according
to some well-placed observers,
has made the Cabinet less in-
clined than before to accommo-
date external expectations.

Furthermore, some strong
but under-publicised mobilisa-
tion of the far right wing to re-
sist change and reform presents
the Government with serious

oblems at a time when there

growing discontent amon;
Jess-affluent whites because o!
the state of the economy.

Nevertheless, the line-up of
-more probable outcomes of the
present emergency suggests
strongly that the missing sce-
nario has to get back on our
collective agenda.

Bold action by private-sector

vern- +

118

lobby groups and the Govern-
ment is required. The declara-
tion of a State of Emergency has
in any event made it too late to
worry about the danger of re-
form signals stimulating unrest.
What could happen in the town-
ships has already happened.
There are a number of socio-
economic reforms which re-
quire urgent attention, but these
are not the key issues in a search

.. for a new basis for stability.

What is needed is to capture
the imaginalion and cb-opera-
tion of legitimate community
and constituency leaders among
black people, including many
people who have lapsed into
silence under pressure of cur-
rent events.

This means that key political

“issues of symbolic importance

haye to be addressed.
‘A new departure must in-

clude:

@A clear and unambiguous
statement about the right of all
South Africans to full citizen-
ship.

@ A commitment to the prin-
ciple that the foundation of.
“apartheid” — population regis-
tration — will be phased out and
that a basis will be sought for
voluntary coup association, as
recommended in the HSRC re-
port on inter-group relations. ;

@The establishment of a
high-level statutory . constitu-
tional commission which is rep.
resentative of all groups,
work in close Haison with the
Cabinet Committee on constitu-
tional affairs. ;

@ In the major metropolitan-
industrial regions, an immedi-
ate review of the legislation on
Regtonal Services Councils, as a
basis for making black local
government more ‘viable and le-,

timate in the eyes of the po-

ntial leadership in these com-.

* munities.

@ Commitment to the princi-
ple of a single department of
education for all groups.

@ Preceding all these, a clear
statement of intent on the part
of the Government that it is
willing to negotiate a constitu-

_ tional future for South Africa

which will involve a form of
enuine power-sharing and par-

ficipation in central govern-


JPRS“SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

MARITZBURG FACES BOYCOTT--A THREATENED consumer boycott of white shops in
Maritzburg is hanging in the balance as the Metal and Allied Workers’ Union
(Mawu) await response from BTR Sarmcol and the Chambers of Commerce and
Industry. The threatened boycott. is intended to get businessman to persuade
Howick-based BTR Sarmcol to meet with the Metal and Allied Workers' Union
(Mawu), who are demanding the reinstatement of 975 workers fired by the com-
pany last month. A Mawu spokesman said yesterday that if the boycott was
launched it would be the joint decision of community and labour organisations
in the area. Maritzburg was hit by a work stay-away two weeks ago which
closed most industries in the area. The stay-away was also launched to
pressure BTR Sarmcol into reinstating workers who went on strike over union
recognition. Dr Keith Wimble, president of the Maritzburg Chamber of Com-
merce, said they had decided to meet both Mawu and BIR Sarmcol in an attempt
to get the two parties together. He said the chamber did not see stay-aways
or consumer boycotts as productive measures because they could force employers
to consider further retrenchments. He also said he believed that such a move
would alienate sympathy for their cause. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in
English 30 Jul 85 p 3]

SBDC FUNDS DRAINED--RECESSION-HIT firms have taken up more than half of the
Small Business Development Corporation's R30-million special aid fund. The
number of inquiries related to advisory services received in the first half of
this year exceeds the total for the whole of last year by more than 400.

About 10 000 inquiries were made in the first half of the year, bringing the
figure for the 18 months to June to more than 20 000. About 64% of the in-
quiries were related to financing. Non-financial inquiries increased fourfold
in the first quarter of the year compared with the comparable time last year.
Adverse economic conditions and an increase in the number of SBDC offices are
given as the two main factors responsible for the exceptional rise in the
appeals for help. In addition to the corporation's special aid fund, 3 075
loans for R73,4-million have been approved in the course of the SBDC's normal
financial programme. A total of 41% of the inquiries were from the commercial
sector, 38% from manaufacturing and 21% from service enterprises. Existing
businesses made most of the inquiries. The flood has caused concern at the
SBDC, especially because an estimated 80% of the total of 20 000 came from
non-clients with no revenue-producing prospects. The SBDC's senior manager,
development, Mike Smuts, says: "It is of the utmost importance that a formula
be found whereby the authorities can contribute to the provision of costly but

123



JPRS-SSA- 85-077

29 August .1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

BURKINA

Information Minister Discusses Progress of Revolution
(Watamou Lamien Interview: SAHEL DIMANCHE, 30 Jun 85)...-. 1

Swiss To Aid Textile, Transport Industries
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 25 Jul 85)..scescceseceeceecceees 7

Funding for Proposed Fishing Project Approved
(Rose Hayford; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 26 Jul B5)..eee

Beach Depletions Leading to Sea Erosion
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 1 Aug 85)..-.sseeecceseceecsseees 9

Land Ownership Theories Debated
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 27 Jul B5)ecsccvccceccccceeseeses LO

Layoffs of Senior COCOBOD Officials Announced
(Breda Atta-Quayson; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRPHIC, 1 Aug 85)..... IL

MOZAMBIQUE

Machava Cooperativists Salute Party Leaders
(NOTICIAS, 6 Jul 85). .cecseeeecerecceesreccecrccresceerseee 12

More Families Liberated in FPLM Actions
(NOTICIAS, 20, 21 Jun 85)... seesecceereesceecessscereseece 14

Muecate District ’ 14
Marromeu District » 15

-a-



JPRS~SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PACKAGING INDUSTRY REFLECTS FALL IN SALES

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 29 Jul 85 p 3

{Article by Fred Stiglingh]

[Text] THE packaging industry is proving can get down to minimum stocks but this
to be a sad barometer of the reces- has affected us and, in turn, our suppli-
sion and political turmoil. ers of raw materials-paper, plastic and

With retail spending drastically down, glass. —
of socks alam alorming alco reduce ers indicates dfiuliesn getting dell
inventories. This is bruising packaging ery vehicles into trouble areas. Drivers
companies. sometimes resort to offloading on the

The industry is further affected by outskirts from where collections are
stunted deliveries to troubled townships. made. . .
Products delivered in cartons, such as “Major stock-outs occur in township
sorghum beer and milk, And bottled pro- shops. cays Neethling, “and consump-

lucts, are particular! rd hit, ion falls.

Consol eroup MD Piet Neethling eu- Kohler chief executive Ian Willis esti-
phemistically describes the market as mates volumes on a broad spectrum to
soft and estimates s that volumes aré 10% be fown by 10%-15%, with extremes of

lown across the board. .

“We are finding it difficult if not im- Hardest hit is durable packaging, ac-
possible to go much lower than the tar- counting for about 12% of the company’s
gets we set ourselves for the next finan- volume,
cial ear but it seems weil have “a

ith his company heavily involved in a ‘

- He adds that the recession has affect-
beverage containers, Neetiling is con: ed the various packaging sections in dif-
cerned with what he sees as a negative ferent ways, and that the agricultural
trend in soft drinks and lack of growth in sector was doing well with SA’s prolific

A certain indication of this, says fruit exports.

Neethling, is that the poo! of returnable iAt the posite end is cement pack:
bottles as hardly needed replenish- iaiusiry is down by almost 25%.

mA spokesman for SA Breweries con- Nampak MD Derek Jacobs says that
Fae ee le eat tat Giatriuting products in some areas, and
company on t ot a Toasy economy that supermarket sales have affected his

He says that it is difficult to find a come ate however, that one should
measure of the effect of township unrest He stresses, how abe * ine industry as
apart from general recessionary effects. boing ingle Geulant Ls ra ie and thot it

Neethling says that overstocking on BP eoflcete 5 other carts of the
the part of retailers most likely started merely wi a i: r pal
at the end of last year, and that the ocrne ota fam has a fected N
getting rid of stocks was marked in Jan- ak's a ply of 44 las aarket carnler

“{ don’t know how much further they gs, and other major products. :

'
cso: 3400/864 102



BRITISH, WEST GERMAN STAND ON SANCTIONS HAILED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 30 Jul 85 p 6

{Editorial]

[Text]

cso:

3400/864

partners, Britain and West Germany,
ave wisely rejected the type of eco-

nomic and diplomatic action taken by
France last week. So it is unlikely that in the
immediate future there will be any disrup-
tion of trading patterns or erosion of the
trade surplus.

TI: of this country’s major trading

The American stance on disinvestment ,

remains problematical. The US House of
Representatives and the Senate will soon
compromise on their different disinvest-
ment bills. Observers are sure Congress will
go for the softer Senate bill as a minimum
package and that it could pass through both
ouses with a majority. of two-thirds and
achieve a presidential endorsement.

The US might then be hard put to veto a

similar package in the Security Council,
leaving only Britain to block it. That ap-
pears to be the worst case.

There is little that can be done diplomati-

cally now to alter that situation.
’ All that government can do to improve

our tattered image abroad is to fin
Foreign Minister Pik Botha’s “trek into the

unknown” and move rapidly towards a poli-’

tical future acceptable to all reasonable

South Africans.
The diplomatic battle has now to be

fought and won at home.

62

JPRS~SSA*85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS*SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

NHAMATANDA MARKETING SUCCESSES--The agricultural marketing in Nhamatanda, Sofala,
which is currently being subjected to a massive movement by the peasants from
the centers to the various trading sites in the area, is considered by the local
agencies as the best in recent years. According to sources associated with
AGRICOM [Agricultural Products Marketing Company], in Nhamatanda, hundreds of
families have not spared efforts to seek trading posts which, in some instances,
are many kilometers distant, in order to undertake the sale of their surpluses,
receiving products in exchange. According to the same source, nearly 180 tons
of various products were marketed on the premises of the Nhamatanda district
headquarters. There are reports claiming that soap, salt, sugar, capulana

[a type of cloth] and batteries are the products most needed by the peasants.

It has been reported that the quantities are being depleted, something which
might jeopardize the agricultural marketing process in that district. The
AGRICOM agent in Nhamatanda claimed that, during the 1984-95 agricultural
campaign, the district recorded a good production of grains and oil-seed
products, namely, corn, rice and sunflowers. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portu~
guese 21 Jun 85 p 3] 2909

LANDING STRIP BUILT IN MARINGUE--An aircraft runway nearly 2,000 meters long is
under construction in Maringue, Sofala Province. This fact was announced by
the first secretary and district administrator, during the ceremony for submit—
ting the report of the activities carried out on the occasion of 25 June, at
the time of the recent joint meeting of the expanded secretariat of the Provin-
cial Committee, and the executive commission of the Sofala Provincial Assembly
and Government. According to the Maringue administrator, the construction work
on the aforementioned landing strip is currently at a rather satisfactory level
of progress. It is known that at present work is under way on the felling of
trees located in the construction area. The administrator also noted that the
work’ in progress is part of a group of activities planned in connection with
the weeks commemorating the 10th anniversary of national independence. It is
noteworthy that, with the construction of this new airport, Maringue district
will have two aircraft runways, counting the old one which is of smaller size.
The administrator remarked: "However, we are not standing by idly, and we are
immediately starting planned activities based on our own initiative." [Excerpt]
[Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 21 Jun 85 p 3] 2909

48



JPRS*SSA~85~077

29 August 1985

COAST STEELMEN UPSET OVER NEW TARIFF RULES

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 1 Aug 85 p 4

[Article by Chris Cairncross]

[Text]

cso:

COMPANIES in the secondary-steel
industry in the Cape have rapidly be-
come disillusioned by the way the
new tariff control covering steel im-
ports has been structured.

Far from encouraging ter
competition and more flexible pric-
ing among local steel-producers, the
reality is that the system still enables
domestic steel prices to be kept at
unrealistic levels.

Using the domestic price as a trig-
ger, the formula duty that is subse-
quently set effectively creates a pro-
hibitive cost obstacle to coast-based
fabricators seeking cheaper raw ma-
terial from outside SA.

‘The new tariff structure still re-
mains substantially in favour of the
rolled-steel producers and is disad-
vantageous to secondary industry in
the Cape, or elsewhere along the
coast, ‘complained Robin “Bosom-
‘worth, MD of a rod,and wiremaking
plant in Cape Town.

3400/864

97

Other secondary manvfacturers in
the Cape agreed that the straight 57
duty applied with the lifting of quanti-
tative import controls was harmless.
According to one calculation, the
domestic price being charge for
wire rod in the Cape is about R510 a

ton.

This meant that, applying the for-
mula duty, the trigger price for man-
ufacturers attempting. 'o source their
raw material elsewhere would be
about R650 a ton.

This is in sharp contrast to the R400
a ton at which producers like Iscor
are said to be pricing exports.

Steel producers were on Friday
granted an immediate 20% price in-
crease for certain rolled products
that was R50-a-ton higher than origi-
nally applied, Bosomworth claim
adding that “this has given the mills a

licence to make a killing”.

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS“SSA=85+077
29 August 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

GDR OFFERS TEACHING MATERIALS TO UNIVERSITY
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 9 Jul 85 p 2

[Text] The German Democratic Republic.donated various types of teaching
materials to the Eduardo Mondlane University, at a ceremony which took place

a few days ago in the city of Maputo, at the’School of Education. Gero Schmidt,
cultural attache of the GDR Embassy, undertook the delivery, and the donation.
was received by the director of the School of Education, Paulus Gerdes.

The donated material consists of projectors, equipment for chemical laborato—
ries, notebooks, containers for first-aid supplies, scales for ‘laboratories,
and other miscellaneous equipment, for the Schools of Education, Veterans,

Engineering and Medicine.

The value of this donation has been estimated at nearly 800 contos, and it
comes from the Solidarity Committee of that European socialist country.

Taking the floor on this occasion, Gero Schmidt said that the gesture expressed
the deep friendship and solidarity existing between the GDR and RPM. .

The cultural attache from the GDR Embassy in Maputo declared: "In delivering
this donation, we are very proud because we realize that it is from the
university that the new man will emerge."

The director of the School of Education, in turn, remarked that the donated
material would minimize the shortage being felt in various laboratories in

the schools of Eduardo Mondlane University, and would enable the students to
enhance their technical knowledge. 3

He also noted that the material would be well cared for so that it could be
used longer.

It should be observed that this is the fifth time since 1983 that the GDR has
donated teaching materials to UEM.

2909
csO: 3442/354

22



Meluco, Ancuabe and Pemba, positive results were acerued in the 1983-84 agri-
cultural campaign and the market prices of products were announced for the
1984-85 campaign. .

The director of Cabo Delgado Province again issued an. appeal for an even greater
increase in agricultural production as a*means of solving the problem of staple
product shortages.

On the other hand, it should be noted that the administrator of Palma district
urged the local population to participate more intensively in programs for the
fatherland's defense and in.a-greater heightening of vigilance. He explained
that the population must be trained to defend the country.: On this occasion,
30 youths were selected for the Beira Base, where they will receive the proper
military training.

The administrator of Palma, who met with the population of M'Tamba, remarked:
"The campaign for training the population is not meant for M'Tamba alone,
because all the villages will be included in the locality of Nangade. All
residents of those villages will receive weapons. to defend the district, the
locality and the communal village," he commented.

2909
cso: 3442/331

18



cso:

3400/864

‘ vertising fees can be anyw!

to the franchisor monthly, and usual-
ly in the region of 5%. In addition,
corporate national and regional ad-

ere up to
an extra 5%.

Even if you have the money, it is
not simply a matter of walking away
as a new fast food operator, as the
trend is towards stricter screening of
applicants.

ys Vincent Hays, MD of Wimpy
Restaurants, an Anglovaal subsid-
jary: “The franchisee must fit the
mould for the hospitality business.

“ have to work long and unso-
ciable hours, and their personality
must suit this.”

Wimpy has doubled its training
time from one to two weeks and this
is followed by on-going in-store train-
ing and seminars throughout the

year.
In line with stepped-up back-up and

. contact with franchisees, Wimpy has

doubled their number of representa-
tives over the past few years and
introduced a marketing council. Rep-
resentatives are elected as voice-
pieces for franchisees from each of 10
designated areas nationally.

The chain has also streamlined op-
erations by trimming the number of
outlets from 300, 10 years back, to 160.
This includes one in Swaziland and
one in Bophuthatswana.

High pedestrian traffic areas re-
main prime sites for any fast food
outlet.

This means, strictly speaking,
places such as Hillbrow and central

johannesburg should by now be over-
populated with operators, but spokes-
men for the major chains are not
concerned. There always seems to be
room for one more.

101



JPRS*SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

FAO PROJECTS ‘TAKE SHAPE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 5 Jul 85 p 8

[Text] The Italian Government, through the United Nations Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO), has given Mozambique 20 trucks to be sent to Gaza and
Maputo Provinces. This organization of the United Nations system is, moreover,
aiding irrigation programs, especially in Chokwe. Meanwhile, talks are under
way with the Mozambican Government to prepare anew cooperation. program with
the FAO, a process which will conclude in October.

The 20 trucks now given to our country will be used to help transport food
products in the interior sections of Maputo and Gaza Provinces. Their value
has been estimated at $900,000.

The FAO has, furthermore, selected 15 agricultural rehabilitation projects to
be executed in Mozambique, at a‘cost of over $8 million. They are part of a
group of programs to create means and resources that will enable our country
to solve a series of problems stemming from the famine situation, because many
of the projects will be carried out in the regions most eritically stricken
by the natural disasters.

Intensifying Agrarian Training

Information provided to NOTICIAS by the FAO representative in Mozambique,
Andre Odeurs, indicates, in addition, that his organization is assisting our
country with a program relating to the Maputo Agrarian Training Center, an
activity that will be extended to other parts of the country.

The training of Mozambican cadres for the agrarian sector has assumed particular
significance in the development of agricultural programs, and will also allow
for a better exchange of information on topics related to farm erops and rural
development programs.

The Government of Spain, for example, will finance through the FAO a program

for training irrigation advisers in an activity primarily aimed at giving an
impetus to the process of training Mozambican cadres for the agrarian sector.

On the other hand, in the Chokwe region of Gaza Province, a program will be
carried out to back irrigation, consisting, among other things, of the

30



PFP MEMBER WITNESSES CRADDOCK COMMUNITY LEADERS' FUNERAL

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 28 Jul 85 p 27

{Article by Jan van Eck]

[Text]

ON Saturday morning, July
20, the little Karoo town of
Cradock awakens to two to-
tally different realities.

In the black township of
Lingelihte, emotions run
deep as thousands upon thou-
sands of people pour in from
all corners of the country to
attend the funeral of four
community leaders slain un-
der dubious circumstances
outside Port Elizabeth.

“When the funeral starts,
more than 40 000 people are
packed inté the stadium.

In the white town, which
has been sealed off by the
military and police, the peo-
ple are preparing for an im-
portant rugby match against
a visiting “coloured” team
from Cape Town,

They are proud of this de-
monstration of “verligtheid”,
of reform, and cannot under-
stand the anger, the impa-
tience in the black township.

Significance

You cannot help feeling
sad at the realisation of how
incredibly wide the divide be-
tween these communities ts,
and you wonder if it will ever
be bridged. ,

On zour way to the stadi-
um where the burial service
will take place, you notice
‘the army and police presence
on top of a hill near the white
town.

They will stay there all day _

— keeping watch, looking on.
You realise that most of

“white SA will, just like them,

merely be looking on — un-
able or unwilling to under-
stand the significance of
what is happening.

1

To get too close might be
dangerous for some of the
stereotypes held by some
whites about what is happen-
ing in the black communities.

It would be easy to merely
remember this funeral by the
prominent display of the
communist flag.

It would be easy to explain
all the anger, all the hatred

away by blaming it on the

communists.

Easy, yes, but also very

shortsighted.

Shortsighted because it
prevents us as whites from
coming to grips with the ter-
rible anger in the black com-
munities and the real reasons
for this anger.

Shock

As you listen to speech
upon speech, and as you lis-
ten to what Is being said
around you, you realise with
a shock that this community
sees itself in a state of civil
war against the Government
and its law, enforcement “in-

struments”, the SAP and’
SADF.

You realisé why blacks
who collaborate with the au-
thorities are seen and treated
as traitors — as in time of
war. ”

You observe the fervour
with which the multitude
chant slogans such as
“Amandla!” and “Viva!” and

ou listen as 40000 voices,
From four-year-olds to 90-
year-olds, in complete unt-
son, sing freedom songs with

JPRS“SSA~85+077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


EDITORIAL DECRIES TRAORE'S UNLIMITED REELECTION LAWS
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 6 Jul 85 p 3
[Editorial]

[Text] ECENTLY, Mall's President, General
Moussa Traore was sworn-in for a
second six-year term after his. re-
election in the national polls at which
he, as sole presidential’ candidate,
garnered a whopping 99.92 per cent of
the votes. Fair enough. | ,
What is disturbing, however, is that the
congress of Mail's sole political party,
the Malian People’s Democratic Union
{UDPM), of which General Traore is
the. leader, has resolved that Traore
should. be allowed unlimited re-elec-
tion as long as he remains the party
der. ©
This: resolution, no doubt, runs counter
to: Mall's. 1979. Constitution which’
aliows for only two terms of six years
‘@ach. in other words, Traore’s party is
goading him on, and probably with
his connivance, to violate an import-

ant provision of the country’s consti-

tution.

Yet, what is about to happen in Mali is
only a common feature of many Aftri-
can states and parts of the Third
World. Once in power, African jeaders
are most reluctant to quit. They there-
fore, subtly manipulate the constitu-
tion in order to remain in office. This
unfortunate. political. practice gives
the sad but largely true impression
that most African leaders have no
respect for the constitutions of their
countries. -

A country’s constitution is the ex-
pression of its collective wiil. it takes

54

IPRS“SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

NIGERIA


JPRS~SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

JSE TO UPGRADE ITS COMPUTERS
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 2 Aug 85 p 7

{Article by Matthew White]

[Text] THE Johannesburg Stock Exchange _ager of the JSE, said this will be done by
has embarked on a multi-million redeveloping existing systems and de-
rand programme to expand its in- veloping new systems.
formation services over the next “The exchange is determined to hoist
four years. itself into the forefront of modern tech-

Already projected is expenditure of nology and to provide its users with
about R12m to upgrade its computer superlative facilities,” he said. _
hardware, applications systems and op- . 7
erations support systems, “We wiil be taking advantage of mod-

In addition, however, the JSE is to ern technology to ensure that the reli-
examine the development of a traded ability and quality of the operations is
options market later this year with the maintained at the highest possible
implications of 24-hour, round-the- level.” +
world trading, both of which would need Among far-reaching developments is
to be supported by computer systems. the establishment of a national commu-

The RI: four-year programme al- nications network linking brokers with
ready projected is desi to moder- their clients and making information
nise all services and aystems, including: available through privately-owned per-
O Increasing the function content of all sonal computers. Also being investigat-
services to brokers, their clients and the ed is the poselbility of running a service
public — such as clearing and settle- through Beltel.
ment systems, sing clients’ or-
ders, client settlement, accounting and
portfolio valuation and disseminating Part of the redevelopment. entails
market information, converting a present systems to the more
O Emphasising on-line and real-time powerful MVS (multiple virtual stor-
{virtually instantaneous response) age) operating system.
facilities; ‘To handle this ambitious programme,
O Establishing facilities through which the JSE is expected to more than double
brokers will be able to provide persona- its present development staff comple-
lised services to ‘clients, . ment of 23. Some work, however, may

Darrell Till, data processing man- be contracted to private companies.

CSO: 3400/864

108



JPRS~SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

TWO OPPOSING VIEWS ON DISINVESTMENT
Durban POST NATAL in English 17-20 Jul 85 p 6

[Text] [Boxed item] DISINVESTMENT has become a major issue-~here and over-
seas--with both houses of government in the United States voting last week to
impose major sanctions against South Africa. The issue is viewed as an impor-
tant one by both the government of this country and its opponénts.

This week, we present the first of a two-part series of interviews with two
people holding opposing views on the issue. Ten questions were presented in-
dependently to spokesmen for the two viewpoints--neither of whom were aware
that the other was being interviewed.

ISMAIL OMAR is one of the parliamentary representatives who have left South
Africa in recent weeks to travel to the United States at government expense to
argue against disinvestment. Mr Omar holds B.Iuris. and LI.B. degrees from
the University of Durban-Westville. He entered politics last year as a foun-
der member of Solidarity and is an executive member of that party and their
representative on the President's Council.

SATHS COOPER is among many people who have béen denied a passport by the South
African Government and is not in a position to travel to the United States to
voice his views on disinvestment. Mr Cooper holds a B.A. degree from Unisa
with a B.A. (Hons) in Psychology from the University of the Witwatersrand
where he is currently completing his Masters in that subject. He entered
politics in the early 70s as one of the founders of the black consciousness
Movement. He served an eight-year prison sentence on Robben Island until
1982, re-entering politics after that as deputy president of the Azanian
People's Organisation (Azapo). He is the convenor of the National Forum
Committee.

KANTHAM PILLAY conducted the interviews.
1. Why has disinvestment become such a major issue here and overseas?
OMAR: It is not entirely true to say that disinvestment is a new issue. Two

recent developments have given it a new twist. The first was the "Consulate
Affair" coupled with the subsequent detentions-without-trial. The second was

Senator Edward Kennedy's visit.

72



600 million years old. It is in that pre-Cambrian formation that nearly 85
percent of the world's mineral resources are located. This means that Mozam-
bique has great potential. It could merély be regarded ‘as almost a virgin
country from a geological standpoint.

When the country's independence occurred, ‘the first task was to intensify the
work on geology and on geological research. It may be said that, in 10 years,
more solid mineral geological research was accomplished than during the entire
colonial past. This made it possible to become better apprised of thé coun-
try's geological history. It allowed for better direction in the more

detailed research, in an attempt to learn ‘the reserves of certain ores in
greater detail, as well as their quality, and how those ores could be processed.

One of the most important events during those 10 years was the great amount of
geological research that was done. In addition, another highly important
feature was the training. During the colonial period, there were virtually
drills in existence, nor any geological aides. In 10 years of independence,
over 400 specialized workers were trained as geological aides, geophysical
aides, topographical aides and laboratory technicians. At the present time,

we have more than 300 workers abroad being trained in intermediate and higher
level courses. Importance is being attached to the training of higher-level
cadres, both in our university and abroad.

As a logical trend in the training of cadres new institutions also emerged,
especially laboratories. It may even be claimed ‘that the Maputo Laboratory
is one of the most advanced in southern Africa.

The third important feature during the past 10 years is the starting of some
major projects, particularly the one on coal. In 10 years of independence,

it was possible to double the productive capacity. In Moatize, it is possible
to produce over a million tons of coal, but for various reasons this has not
been done, mainly because of transportation problems, Another very -important
project was also begun in the Zambeze area, in Morrua, Muiane and Marrupine;
namely, the pegmatites project for the production of tantalum and niobium.

I think that this gives an idea of the work that was accomplished during the
past 10 years.

Coal Reserves From 7 to 14 Billion Tons

[Question] You mentioned geological research. Of the geological findings -
already discovered, which are most important and what use is being made of
the results of those findings?

[Answer] When we talk about a geological finding, we must realize that,
after it some detail work must also be done, using geophysical, geochemical

and probing methods to ascertain whether the deposit has any-economic prospects.
After checking for any prospects, more detail work must be dorie to gauge the

24



IPRS=SSA~85+077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP LINKED TO POLITICAL REFORM

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Aug 85 p 16

/Article by Stan Kennedy/

[Text]

cso:

Political integration without economic
integration would lead to the. collapse
of South Africa’s economic system, Mr
Andre Spier, director of Syncom, told
the Association of Personnel Service
Organisations.

He said economic integration, in
which the total population became
partners in a modern economy, was the
essential prerequisite for any political
agenda for constitutional reform.

Presenting a paper, “What happened
to the future of work?”, Mr Spier said
the products of modern science, elec-
tronics, bio-technology and integrated
inforniation systems were transform-
ing society and its activities.

The traditionally more inert social,
economic and political institutions
were unable to absorb the avalanche of
novelty at the speed at which it was
pouring on to the market.

TRANSFORMATION

“Our speed of innovation is not
matched by the speed in which we can
absorb the new tools in our outdated
systems and institutions. -

“What we are witnessing is a funda-
mental transformation of all our insti-
tutions because the old ones do not foot
the bill and are cracking up.”

“Today, in an advanced economy, 50
percent of all jobs are related to the
computer and the forecast is that this
will be 70 percent by the year 2000. Yet
we see a major slump in the computer
industry, with Silicon Valley in trouble,
the giants retrenching and the so-
called service industries declining in

most economies.” .

What complicated the process, he
said, was that the developed and devel-
oping nations were at different stages
of the transformation process.

While the advanced nations were in
the first stages of an emergent post-in-
dustrial society, in which whole indus-
tries and categories of employment
were being made obsolete, most devel-
oping nations were battling to employ
their burgeoning millions through the
process of industrialisation..

This urge to modernise their econo-
mies had thrown them into an endemic
debt situation from which they were
unlikely to emerge except by default.
Such a massive default would destroy
the monetary system. To some Swiss
bankers, such a collapse was not a
matter of if, but when.

In the developed world, high unem-
ployment levels persisted with only a
remote relationship to what was hap-

. pening in the economy.

In the Netherlands, 150 000 with aca-
demic qualifications could not find
work. In the UK, being young and black
meant no job. In the US, most jobs
were created by the 800 000 new small
businesses which started up each year,

Mr Spier said that in the next 20
years, more than 2000 million would
want work,

South Africa had both problems. An
advanced sector reluctant’ to go flat
out on modernisation because of the so-
cial pressures of massive unemployent
and a retarded sector, in which some
30 percent of the total population did
not participate in the economy.

3400/891 '

90


[QUESTION] Let us talk about the Ouagadougou-Tambao railroad. It seems that
the financial backers are growing increasingly reluctant. What is your
government's position on that problem?

[Answer] The railroad is moving ahead. We have covered over 20 kilometers
already. Naturally, we had asked for the support of a number of partners to
buy the rails.... It has long been said in the African Railway Union (UAC)
and in the CEAO that railway interconnections must be developed. It was with
that in mind that we decided to build a railroad to Dori.

The financial backers have said that it is not viable. What I would like to
know is how the problem of railroads was solved in Europe. Did anyone take
the trouble to carry out economic feasibility studies? So we have decided
that there are people who do not want us to have the means to develop. We are
trying to do our best with a little help from our friends. We have started.
At the current pace, it is difficult to know the exact year in which the
railroad will be completed. In 20 years? In 30 years? The important thing
is to complete it.

{QUESTION] Comrade minister, as spokesman for your government, you stated (on
23 June 1985) that the Diawara case would be tried by revolutionary people's
courts. What are the charges? How will his defense be handled?

[answer] The chiefs of state have decided that Diawara will be tried by the
courts in the headquarters country. We have our court system. There is no
reason to say that it is not good. Ifa country is carrying out a revolution,
its courts will necessarily be revolutionary. We are going to try people.
All jurists have taken an interest in our TPR's (People's Revolutionary
Courts). So it is a court system as reliable as any other.

What happens in bourgeois courts? Those who can afford it are always covered.
Someone is paid to misrepresent the facts so that the defendant will receive
the minimum sentence. That is not responsible. Anyone who commits acts is
‘ himself liable and must be able to explain his acts. He explains. The people
are lenient enough to know whether he should be shown leniency or not. So
everyone defends himself. .

That is the entire difference between a reactionary court system and a
revolutionary court system.

Anyway, as far as the Diawara case is concerned, it is not yet certain that it
will be heard by the TPR's, because we also have the traditional form of
courts that came from outside. But it will be up to us to determine the type
of court. The chief of state has decided that the crooks in the CEAO will be
tried at the House of the People. The trial will be broadcast. All the CEAO
countries will be able to listen and learn how the CEAO was managed in their
time.

[QUESTION] But comrade minister, the case is a subregional one. Wouldn't a
justice system applied by all the member countries be more effective?



Senator Kennedy's visit, I think, gives a clue to American interest and
involvement in this region. The Senator himself has been in politics for a
long time, and I find it strange that his interest in our local situation has
suddenly taken on a new focus just immediately prior to the next round of
elections coming up in a few years in America itself. It gives hint of the
fact that Kennedy may have used this as a political issue.

If you examine the American political situation, since the Vietnam War, there
haven't been very many issues around which Americans can rally. Disinvestment
is definitely a political issue in America highlighted by the recent Nightline
interviews which sparked tremendous interest.

So we have a situation where an American political issue has an influence on
millions of people here in South Africa. There are tremendous hints that we
are being used as a political football.

COOPER: ‘The American focus on disinvestment has been going on for two decades
and has now reached a climax.

The various groups that are involved in the disinvestment campaign are groups
which have been disaffected largely by Reagan's economic and foreign policies.
They span a range of interests in the United States--they are not a homogenous
grouping at all. They range from moderate civil rights groups to more leftist
oriented ones, and they find a common cause in the present inequity that
exists in South Africa, They have rallied around the call of disinvestment
much as in the early 60s, the Vietnam War issue caused many similar groupings
to rally around the one issue of interference in Vietnam.

The particular issue here has been American support for an condonation of
South Africa's racist policies, particularly where it concerns Reagan's "Con-
structive Engagement" policies. The various groupsings there have been
opposed to Reagan's involvement in this country and the support hé has given
to this "new deal" that has been implemented over the last year.

It is a major issue here as well because many activists, many moderate resist-
ance groups, and many spokespersons of the oppressed arid exploited people see
it as an alternative to more militant actions, as an alternative to involve-
ment in other types of activity, for example, violent activity.

2. What do you see as the arguments in favour of disinvestment?

OMAR: If the question is "What are the positive sides to disinvestment?" one
has to ask what disinvestment itself is?

To different people it has different connotations. To some people it means
sanctions. To others, it means controlled disinvestment of strategic exports
to South Africa, and again to others, as an instrument of leverage to bring
about changes in certain fields.

There is also legislation (in the United States) that calls for actual
withdrawal of existing investment in this country and that is what I would

73



CSO:

3400/818

Some organisations are
doing their utmost to
stave off repossession by
accepting token payments.
for a period, or persuad-
ing family members to
take over the commit-

ments of those who can
no longer pay.

Even building societies

are reporting an increas-

ing incidence of persons
unable to meet their bond
repayments, as has been
evidenced in increasing
numbers of applications
for sales in execution
coming before the courts.

Many sectors are ex-
periencing a diminution
in the volume of sales,
and this is particularly
true in the furniture and
vehicle trade. Those that
are surviving or meeting
targets have all taken a
close look at their credit
control situations = —
rather than concentrate
‘on volume and incur bad
debts against goods which
they as trades have to pay
for.

Credit accounts, where
given, are being cut as
soon as there are signs of
a customer's inability to
continue paying.

Liquidators — indicated
that a major cause of in-
solvencies was cash flow
problems arising out of
inadequate control over
debtors in many small and
moderate sized business-
cs.

79



JPRS~SSA*85~077
29 August 1985

BURKINA

INFORMATION MINISTER DISCUSSES PROGRESS OF REVOLUTION
Niamey SAHEL DIMANCHE in French 30 Jun 85 pp 4-5

{Interview with Watamou Lamien, Minister of information and Culture, by
Oumarou Ali, in Niamey; date and place not specified]

[Text] Burkina Faso's Minister of Information and
Culture Watamou Lamien, is also government
spokesman. Oumarou Ali met with him when he was in
Niamey to inspect the Niger CIDC (Inter-African
Moving Picture Distribution Consortium] as a
delegate for the Conference of Ministers for the
Cinema. During an hour and a half of talk about this
and that, the minister explained Burkina Faso's
democratic people's revolution, the court trials of
the agents of the former regime, the revolutionary
methods used against the opposition and Moro-Naba,
social and religious problems, and the Diawara case.

[QUESTION] The revolution succeeded nearly 2 years ago. Upper Volta became
Burkina Faso, and everything had to be started over and built. For a young
revolution and a new society, new political structures are essential. After
these 2 years of revolutionary action, comrade minister, what is the result?

[Answer] Many things have happened in 2 years of revolution. In the early
stages of a revolution, one is ina race against the clock. Ina relatively
brief period, the people must be shown that the way of life, the management of
state property--which is the people's property--and changes in the very
perception of our problems and future are a matter of urgency. It must be
done very quickly so that ina relatively short time, people will feel that
there really are changes.

From that standpoint, we in Burkina have undertaken a certain number of
radical changes which have had the advantage of showing the people that the
interests being defended by the revolution are the interests of the great
majority of the Burkinabe. In July, for example, we had to try most of the
dignitaries of the former regimes and the officials of many state-owned firms.
In short, we are being led to judge a system. Those trials are not over--far
from it. But what we have been able to do is show clearly is that the people



cso:

3400/864

vertising will not help now,
and direct contact with trav-
el agents and tour operators
is the solution.

“Yn the short term the state
of emergency will have a
negative effect, especially as
it is often taken out of con-
text overseas — they don't
realise that things haven't
changed much in the areas
they visit.”

Dispute

Mr Hutchison says South-
ern Sun will not be greatly
affected by a decline in
foreign tourism. Although
about 85% of foreign tourists
stay in either Southern Sun or
Holiday Inn hotels, this mar-
ket makes up only 10% of the

ip’s business.

He predicts the unrest and
the state of emergency could
result in a 25% decline in the
number of visitors — 20000
to 25 000 people.

But an exact figure is diffi-
cult to come by. The SA Tour-
ism Board claims 450 000 for-
eigners visited SA in 1984, It
says they spent 900-million
— about R2 000 each.

Potential

However, most tour opera-
tors and hoteliers say the fig-
ures are inflated because
they include people visiting
friends and relatives, busi-
ness travellers and South Af-
ricans on foreign passports.

Mr Hutchison and Mr Steh-
lik say the correct figure is
100 000 tourists. If each tour-
ist spent R2 000, foreign cur-
rency earnings would be
R200-million. a

Mr Stehlik says figures for
the past three months show
that fewer foreigners will

107

“holiday in SA in 1985.

“I don’t expect more than
50000 to 70 visitors to
South Africa this year.”

He says that once the un-
rest ceases the tourism in-
dustry’s potential is vast.

“Countries like Zimbabwe
and Kenya receive many
more tourists than SA, but
they don’t have our attrac-
tions.”

Ignorant

Sun International market-
ing director Jurgen Burmeis-
ter is also optimistic.
“The state of emergent
will have a negative effect
but I don’t think it will neces-
sarily be too bad.”
He believes the unrest
would have had a larger im-
ict abroad had it not been
for the hijacking of the TWA
airliner and airline office
bombs.
“The news about SA will
robably have a greater ef-
fect in the US than in Europe.
The Americans are more ig-
norant about South Africa
than the europeans. I ques-
tion whether it will have a
drastic impact on the Europ-
ean market.”
Mr Burmeister says: “Sun
City draws a fair number of
international tourists, but
taken against the sizé of the
complex and the extent of.
our conference business and
domestic holidays, interna-
tional business comprises
less than 10% of total turn-
over.”
Although. the state of
emergency may have a
short-term effect on tourism,
the industry’s long-term
health depends on the success
of the Government's reform
rogramme and their ability
0 achieve long-term stabil-
ity in SA.



VOITH TO INCREASE INVESTMENT DESPITE

JPRS*SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

EMERGENCY

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 29 Jul 85 p 4
mesor

[Article by Alan Peat]

[Text]

cso:

GERMAN machine manufacturer
Voith is considering further extensive
investment in South Africa, despite
the emergency declared by the gov-
ernment.

Discussions have already been held
with possible partners in assembly
and/or manufacturing plants for the
company’s range of heavy vehicle
automatic transmissions and retard-
er systems.

Dr Michael Rogowski, corporate
executive vice-president of the Ger-
man company and chairman of Voith
SA, is on his first visit to the Republic
to attend the international transport
exhibition, Itec, and to assess the
market conditions.

“The amount of the possible invest-
ment is unlimited, but we have to be
sure the volume in this country grows
large enough to ensure an adequate
return,” Rogowski said.

The present recession meant eco-
nomic conditions were “not right”.

“But the present state of emergen-
cy will in no way influence our plans.”

3400/864

77

The SA arm of the company is pres-
ently only a sales organisation, but
Voith water turbines and paper-pro-
ducing equipment have already been
assembled in SA in association with
Dorby! to fill Inajor orders for Sappt
and a R2m deal with Escom. The
water turbines have a 30% local con-
tent level. .

“And,” said Rogowski, “local con-
tent here will certainly affect our:
marketing plans. ‘

“The proposed local content for:
heavy vehicles is one of the reasons
we have been talking to possible local
partners on the assembly and/or
manufacture of our retarders. The
same goes for the transmissions,
though this is such complex equip-
ment it needs costly manufacturing
plant and I doubt if South African
folumes would justify local manufac-
ure,”

Voith SA was established two years
ago.



MEAT IMPORTS TO CONTINUE, SAYS DU TOIT

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 31 Jul 85 p 3

[Article by Gerald Reilly]

[Text]

cso:

SOUTH AfRICA had been a net
importer of meat for decades, and
the situation would not change,
Meat Board chairman P R Du Toit
said in Pretoria yesterday. \
le was ig at the openin,
wt bee Geena
nt al lent 0!
riculture by the board at a cost

R3,8m. -

Du Toit said the periodic surplus
was mainly due to enforced mar-
keting caused by drought and far-
mers’ cash-flow problems.

He stressed, however, that the
\Meat Board’s beef stocks were less
‘than during previous periods of en-
storced marketing.

Du Toit said South Africa would
‘remain dependent on adequate
supplies of ted meat but that
in times like these efforts should be
‘made to reduce imports.

He said that if beef carcass
prices were to drop to net export
parity for only half a year it would
cost the country’s cattle farmers

50m.
+ Du Toit claimed red meat con-

3400/864

sumption was actually increasing
with total consumption having ri-
sen by 25% to 1,017-million tons in
the past 10 years. ;

From 1982 to 1984 red meat con-
sumption had increased by as
much as 9%. Although a decline
was forecast in the gross per capita
consumption of red meat in the
long term this would be solely be-
cause of a slower expension in pro-

ion, :

” “On the surplus controversy, Du

103

Toit said the Board did at times
deserve criticism, but that it
should be remembered that, while
there was controversy on the
board's stabilsation and orderly
marketing arrangements, . there
were other important functions
whichithe board pursued — includ-
ing the promotion of consumption
and marketing and the granting of
research istance to improve
production, processing and stor-
age.

JPRS~SSA=85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



GROSS DOMESTIC EXPENDITURE FALLS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Aug 85 p 12

[Article by Dr Roger Gidlow]

[Text] In the face ofa decline in South
‘Africa’s real gross. domestic ex-
penditure most forecasters are
projecting at best a derisory
growth rate in the economy this

year.

Although the real gross dom-
estic product increased by 4,5
percent in 1984 as a whole, a
sharp downswing in the business
cycle ‘commenced around the
middle of last year. .

Despite this rather sombre
picture mercharidise exports are
expanding at a healthy rate.

‘his is providing some sup-
port for domestic economic ac-
tivity, and is instrumental in
helping to produce a dramatic
improvement in the current ac-
count of the balance of pay-
ments.

. “While there’ was a deficit of
roughly Rt billion in 1984, there
\have been surpluses since the
-fourth quarter of last year.
Based on the preliminary fig-
ures for the first half of this

ear a surplus approaching
4 billion could be on the cards
for 1985 as a whole.

This would be equivalent to
more than three percent of the
gross domestics product — an
impressive result, ‘considering
the depressed gold price.

“The recent return to a suplus
on the current account has been
supplemented by further inflows
on the long-term capital ac-
count, although net sales of
shares on the Johannesburg
Stock Exchange by foreigners
have materialised during the
past few months.

The large outflows on the
‘short term capital account
which were registered in the
fourth quarter of last year and
the first quarter of this year
did not appear to be repeated in:
wmore recent months. '

“Phe overall result has been a
sizeable rise in the net foreign
exchange reserves of the mone-

tary: banking sector during the
second quarter of this year.

If this continues, and the rise
in export incomes permeates
the rest of the economy, the
foundation will be laid for an ec-
onomic upswing.

Recent balance of payments
trends have also made it possi-
ble to reduce the overall burden
of foreign debt.

In the first six months of this
year, the Reserve Bank repaid
roughly $600 million in foreign
Joans. These repayments have
been made possible by large
porchasts of dollars in the mar-

et by the central bank.

‘The authorities, in effect, are
taking advantage of the current
account surplus to repay foreign
debt in order to try and improve
the country’s credit rating.

Faced with disinvestment

ressures and a possible short-
ening of the maturity structurs
of foreign credit lines available
to local banks, the authorities
have concluded it is imperative
to retain as far as possible the
confidence of foreign banks. t

South Africa cannot afford to
carry large foreign debts when
the next upswing in the econ-
omy materialises, because large
access to foreign credits is not

88

JPRS~SSA=85*077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

guaranteed if the balance of
payments comes under pressure
again.
This country has about
R1,5 billion in JMF loans out-
standing, which are due to be re-
aid in 1986 and 1987. Repay-
ment of this debt is again. pru-
dent for purposes of preserving

our foreign credit status.

* ‘There is similarly some 7 mil-
lion ounces of gold outstanding
under gold swops, and some re-
purchase of this gold would be
desirable. The bank also still has
outstanding net commitments to
sell dollars on forward ex-
change account.

Foreign reserves
—_———

These circumstances mean the
central bank is likely to con-
tinue buying dollars in the mar-
ket as conditions permit, so that
foreign liabilites are reduced.
‘The sudden outflow of capital
in the past week or SO has inter-
rupted: the trends towards
higher net foreign reserves, but
this may represent only a tem-
rary suspension for the policy,
of re-building these reserves. ,.
This policy, may seem emin-
ently sensible but it poses risks.
The rate of increase in the
money..supply as measured by
Mi, M2, or M3 decelerated to
about -12-percent at a seasonal-
ly adjusted annual rate in the

first five months of this year
compared with increases in. ex-
cess of 20 percent Jast year.



BABANGIDA STRESSES TRADITIONAL DEFENSE ROLE OF ARMY

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 6 Jul 85 po

[Article by Olu Adebayo]

[Text]

cso:

THE Nation might be taking an
unwarranted security risk by in-
volving the army in any other
role than national defence Chicf
of Army, Staff, Major-General
brahim Babangida, has said.

He told panelists on the NTA
current affairs programme “The
Platform” on Tuesday, that he
personally did not support diver-
ting the army from its traditional
role because it might create war
time problems.

General Babangida who
disagreed with an argument that
the army be involved in peace
time activities like agriculture,
pointed out that ‘if you want
‘peace, you must prepare for war,
and if you want to do that it must
be through constant and. con-
tinuous training.”

He further argued that any ef-
fort to divert the attention of the
army might result in the long run
effect that ‘when the problem
arises, you may not have a very
efficient army.”

General Babangida said that
the combat readiness, patriotism
and discipline of the Nigerian Ar-

my was never’ in doubt and that.
joint military exercise by all the.

services like*the ‘operation
seadog” would be carried out on
a continuous basis.

He said however that training
was oeing provided for those
leaving the force’in the various.
fields including agriculture in
order to make them useful
members of the society.

On the strength of the army,
Gen. Babangida said that this

3400/834

56

had gone down by about 50 per
cent since the end of the civil war
and pointed out however that
there was a limit to how far the
army could be reduced in order
not ‘to undercut the country’s
defence requirements.

He said also that the process
had been slow because the
government did not wish to throw
people on the streets to further
aggravate the social problems
that we now have.

On fhe problem of checking
religious uprising in the-country
General Babangida gave an
assurance that government was
doing everything possible to rec-
tify the short-comings in the na-
tion’s security system, this he
hoped, would result in better in-
telligence gathering so that such
uprisings could be prevented.

He also observed that the army
could have been better placed to
effectively assist the police in
checking the menace of Mi th way
robbery but for its sporadic. and

‘upredictable nature.

On yeapon's acquisition,
General Babangida said that the
present administration was pay-
ing adequate attention to the
growth of the Defence Industries
Corporation requirements, in
order to meet the required
percentage of. the country’s
defence needs ‘

He said also that foreign pro-
curement was being standardis-
ed in order to prevent our civil
war experience wken the country
almost fell victim to the political
machinations of some foreign
powers.

JPRS*SSA*85*077
29 August 1985

NIGERIA


solidarity that has existed to date and the search for more channels and areas
whereby this relationship could make its presence felt more intensely. It is
noteworthy that, up until the present, CIDAC has backed cooperation projects ‘/.
with our country in various fields, such as health, education, green zones,
informationvand fishing. More details on the relations existing between CIDAC
and our country, as well as on the work of the center itself, will be published
in the coming issues of the weekly DOMONGOS, in an interview granted to this ..-
news organ. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 10 Jul 85 p 2] 2909 , i

WATER OFFICIAL VISITS BRITAIN--Rui Gonzales, secretary of ‘state for agricultural ~
hydraulics, recently visited England, more precisely, the ‘central region of ~*~:
Stoneleigh, the site of Britain's principal agricultural exposition, the Royal’
Show. According to’a press release from the British Embassy in Maputo, the ‘©
visit was at the invitation of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (Foreign —
Ministry); Rui Gonzalez had voiced particular interest in ‘the areas of irrigdtion
and drainage. “Although we have plenty of rivers in Mozaribique," the source so
quoted Rui Gonzalez, "we have problems with irregular rainfall and we have ©

no assurance that the rain will fall where it is needed. Particularly for’ | ‘

our rice production, it is vital that we have an adequate ‘and secure water’ *
supply. We are looking for advanced irrigation techniques and I am convinced
that the new methods will benefit agriculture in my country." The ‘Royal Show ~~
4s one of the largest agricultural expositions’ in the world. More than 1,300 ~
exhibitors, representing most of the farm machinery equipment manufacturers

in Britain and Europe, as well as research organizations and other firms

involved with agriculture, have pavillions at the Stoneleigh grounds, the per=
manent headquarters of the National Agricultural Center. [Text] [Maputo

NOTICIAS in Portuguese 10 Jul 85 p 2] 6362

FARMERS BUILD LANDING STRIP--The peasants in the locale of Save, Machaze District,
in Manica Province, recently built a landing strip for small planes in honor

of the 10th anniversary of national independence. As part of the same commemora~
tion, they also opened a road which links the local seat to Chicualacuala,

in Gaza Province, to permit the distribution and receipt of food products.
According to Paulino Paquete, the local administrator, the peasants of Save

have also opened a center for literacy and adult education. [Text] [Maputo
NOTICIAS in Portuguese 10 Jul 85 p 2] 6362

‘MILITARY VOLUNTEER AS TEACHERS-~Soldiers stationed in the locale of Save,
Machaze District, in Manica Province, taught classes in the local primary
schools to make up for the shortage of teachers which was observed until mid-
April, when a group of instructors reached this zone. According to Save Adminis-
trator Paulino Paquete, the soldiers were not paid for this teaching, which
they offered in their free time. In the health sector, we note the return

of the only medical aide in the area, who had been attending a training course
in the City of Chimoio. The immediate activity to be launched by the Health
Ministry structures in that area of the country is the Expanded Vaccination
Program for peasants recently liberated from the armed bandits. {Text] [Maputo
NOTICIAS in Portuguese 10 Jul 85 p 2] 6362

52



JPRS“SSA*85+077
29 August 1985

‘ MOZAMBIQUE

MORE FAMILIES LIBERATED IN FPLM ACTIONS

Muecate District

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 20 Jun 85 p 1

[Text] Members of the population totaling 151 persons voluntarily surrendered
to our authorities after having evaded the vigilance of the. armed bandits at a
time when the latter were violently attacked by ‘the Armed Forces of Mozambique
(FPLM) in the region of Muecate district.

The population which had been living compulsorily for several months with the
armed bandits in a large enemy camp is located in the headquarters of Nampula
district, in Rapale, the former Nova Chaves, waiting for its reinstatement into

normal life.

These citizens had a deplorable physical appearance, marked by mistreatment,
disease, hunger and various deprivations experienced while held captive by

the armed bandits. The mental state of some individuals appears to be serious.
Traumatism:has seized those citizens to such an extent that, on, the site where
they are located, there is little movement; they appear insecure in the
presence of people and also hamper the health effort.

At the present time, food and clothing are being prepared, followed next by
the locating of an area for the construction of a communal village exclusively
for the people who had been living up until that time under compulsion, with
the armed bandits.

Another identical priority lies in the opening of agricultural camps, with the
aid of the local government, which will send production implements and seed.

Meanwhile, six active "madjibas". [armed bandit collaborators] were caught by
the Armed Forces of Mozambique as they were wandering about’ after having lost
the control and location of the area of their hideout; owing to the Army's
penetration of the jungle.

One of them, named Ernesto Joaquim,seemingly about 40 yéars of age, had ‘served
the armed bandits for nearly a year and 4 months, having toured several camps,
namely, those in Muarrerimue, Mecuburi, in Caramanja, Nampula, and in Muhula,
Muecate.

14



JPRS~SSA~85+077
29 August 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

NHARTANDA GREEN ZONE RAISES PRODUCTION TO FEED TETE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 9 Jul 85 p 8

[Text] The cooperative movement in Nhartanda Valley (Green Zone), in the city
of Tete, is growing. In addition to what was possible to observe on the site,
we learned that it is now planned to expand from 24 hectares projected for
farming to 48 hectares. If the economic yield from this area is totally
utilized, the green vegetable production could minimize the: problem of food
supplies for the city.of Tete. Noteworthy is the interest and personal
involvement in this undertaking on the part of the governor of Tete Province,
Eduardo Arao,

But, after all, what is the Nhartand Valley, which has already caused so many
rivers of ink to flow? It is a production area more or less resembling that
of the Green Zones of the city of Maputo. As in the case of Maputo, it is
there that the farmers, without shielding themselves from the difficulties,
are killing famine with the hoe. At the present time, there are 120 persons
toiling there, including young and old, distributed among six agricultural
cooperatives.

One of the associations visited by us was the one called "We Are Conquering
Hunger." We spoke briefly with the respective head, Teresa David, regarding
the first production attained in 1983, the time that the cooperative was
founded. She said that, in that year, the production was very low.

As everyone knows, working in the fields is difficult. It becomes even more
difficult when one is working with primitive equipment. But this cooperative,
perhaps because it is the first, has already taken the first steps to solve
this problem. It has now acquired a yoke of oxen which are being trained to
make their contribution to the 1985-86 agricultural campaign.

Who Wouldn't Like to Earn His....

Because it was impossible to reach all the. cooperatives in Nhartanda, we shall
discuss only the "We Are Conquering Hunger," which, as we. were told by the
farmers themselves, is not much different from the others, Moreover, the
governor of the province himself advised us to go and find out about the
situation in that cooperative in this Nhartanda Valley. Hence, we did so.

43



In addition, sector brigades, including employees of AGRICOM, held mobiliza-
tion sessions mm the advantages of marketing products locally. According to
Pedro Matusse, the sessions were a success, because "just in the first quarter
of this year, we have been able to market about 180 tons from the family sector
and 190.5 tons of various products."

He noted that this process in ongoing in all the locales in.the district, pri-..
marily in those areas under the influence of the agricultural companies in
Chokwe, since the latter are under greater supervision because they are within
the irrigation system.

The official said that corn is not yet being marketed in this campaign. Based
on experience in the 1983/1984 campaign, this season is not favorable to corn
production since, when it rains, the fields within the irrigation system are
flooded. “Hence we decided that, in this agricultural season, all the sectors
would onlysow .rice. Corn would only be planted in the trasition period between
the cool weather and hot weather seasons," he added.

However, alhough production was poor because of a problem with rats, AGRICOM
is buying corn in the locales of Chiduachine and Chalacuane, zones outside
the irrigation system. Moreover, the conditions are being created to send a
brigade to the Communal Village of Machua, to purchase peanuts.

“We expect good results from this 1984/1985 marketing campaign, because the
crop was much better than in previous years and because AGRICOM has also made
efforts to insure a supply of products for barter," said the chief of the mar-
keting sector in the district. He stressed that the people need sugar, salt,
soap, petroleum and cloth.

6362
CSO: 3442/349

47



The South African Government has committed itself to this new deal they are
implementing and because of that committment towards wanting to see it suc~
ceed, we have seen, for example, the repeal of the Mixed Mrriages Act and cer-
tain sections of the Immorality Act, the repeal of the Improper Interference
Act. These types of measures are intended to give the impression that reform
is actually working whereas it only affects a minority among the oppressed.

The South African Government has committed itself to a quid pro quo agreement
with Reagan because of Reagan's constructive engagement policy where Chester
Crocker and others have been pioneering a campaign of tactical support for the

Government.

With reform, what happens is that expectations rise to such a high pitch that
those making the concessions begin to reach the stage where they become very
nervous, more jittery, and you can see signs of this within the South African
Government right now. There is a need to present a more centrist policy as
opposed to the more verkrampt policies of the HNP, the CP, the AWB and so on.
And because of that, the South African Government is opening itself up more to

international pressure.

Locally as well, you can see this type of "boiling porridge effect" where you
have a bubble rising in one particular area and another in another area and so
on. It's very difficult to put a lid on that type of bubbling situation.

That is precisely being contributed to by the Government's new deal concession
attempt, besides the fact that there. are very real legitimate grievances that
people have reached a frustration point over.and that level of anger and
resentment is very high.

The Government is particularly concerned should disinvestment reach a crisis
point where firms begin pulling out or more firms begin pressure to bear or
making demands on the South African Government, precisely because the South
African Government relies so heavily on loans from various sources overseas.

The American connection is not a very important one--it's a mild one--but
should the American connection be severed, then automatically, the European
connection will begin to get severed. And that is the big concern of the
South African Government--that European investors, European lending banks,
will get influenced by the American pullback on investment or the American
stop on short-term loans to this country.

This Government is heavily indebted to various lending banks all over the
world for short-term loans for the implementations of its apartheid policies.
Otherwise the South African Government wouldn't be as crazily involved in
attempting to counter the disinvestment lobby by sending people overseas,
people who are largely stooges, people who have a commitment to the present
system but no commitment to real change.

This Government will never dare allow real opponents of their regime to go out
and present an alternative case. In 1975 when we (Saso-BPC members) were
charged, one of the major charges was "disinvestment".

To my knowledge though, that is the first and last time that anyone has been
charged for that type of thing.

SO:
c 3400/838 6



JPRS~SSA~85+077
29 August 1985

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

WOOD PULP EXPORTS--SWAZILAND will have another good year exporting wood pulp
in 1985--127 000 tons of product will be sold on overseas market. The pulp is
exported to South America, Europe, Africa, the Far East and North America, via
Maputo, Richards Bay and Durban. Tony Viegas, shipping administrator for the
Usutu Pulp Company, said Swaziland had been exporting the pulp since 1962 when
the first export consignment was shipped via what was then Lourenco Marques.
[Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 2 Aug 85 p 7]

MAIZE IMPORTS HALTED--SWAZILAND has halted the importation of maize products
into the country with immediate effect. The principal secretary of the
Department of Commerce and Industry, Chris Mkhonza, said the decision to
vefuse import permits was necessary to end the present maize crisis which was
threatening Swazi maize farmers. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English
1 Aug 85 p 1)

BUDGET HAILED AS FAIR--HARARE--Industrialists and economists have welcomed
Zimbabwe's 1985/86 budget unveiled on Tuesday as realistic and fair, but ex-
pressed concern at the deficit of R1,063 billion, up 27 percent over last
year's figure. While welcoming the budget, spokesmen for the Zimbabwe
National Chamber of Commerce and of the Confederation of Zimbabwe Industries,
the two bodies grouping the country's industrialists, called for more invest-
ment to curb the deficit. Government spending on defence and education where
increased. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Aug 85 p 12]

cso: 3400/819 ~ END -

131



BEACH DEPLETIONS LEADING TO SEA EROSION

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 1 Aug 85 p 8

[Text]

cso:

3400/861

‘{HE Architectural and
Engineering Services
Corporation (AESC)
has reiterated the call
the public, espe-
cially government
agencies to refrain
from winning sand and
pebbles along the
country’s beaches be-.
cause of the angers of
sea erosion it posed.

Inan interview in Accra -

yesterday , a spokesman
for the corporation said
despite several warninge
against such activities, it.
had come to its notice
that some individuals as
well as goverriment set;
ups were still winning
sand along some of the
beaches — the James
Town Beach being the
worst affect

‘The spokesman said “it
is embarrassing when go-
vernment agencies such as
the Accra City Council
(ACC) charged with pro-
tecting the country’s Tews
flouted them”. .

He said his office -had
sent a letter to the City
Engineers Office of the

ACC requesting it to put
‘an end to such activities
and also to help prevent
any such acts along any of
the country’s es.

Wen ity agineer oF
issue, the City Engineer
the ACC, Mr, 0. Bortey,
said workers of the coun-
cil who collected sand
from ch were not
authorised by it. .

‘Mr Bortey adiniitted re-
ceiving a letter from the
AESC on the, sie early
last month and said AC

workers involved

since then been stopped.
He said the ACC wi
aware of its responsibility
of guarding the beaches
but said most illegal ssind

Mr Bortey. stated that
the council now used pit
sand instead of beach
sand for it jects but

ged in the illegal
ing of sand from the
country’s beaches,

JPRS*SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

GHANA



Maputo Central Hospital yesterday afternoon, where the surviving victims of

the recent armed bandit attacks in Maputo Province are confined. On this
occasion, the two leaders talked with some of ‘the injured, whom they comforted,
wishing them a rapid recovery. This visit is associated with the action decided
upon by the party to aid the victims of the armed bandits" murderous rage,
including material assistance through the Solidarity Bank. “It should be noted
that previously the interior minister, Oscar Monteiro, and.the chief of staff
of the FAM/FPLM General Staff, Sebastiao Marcos Mabote, as well-as the governor
of Maputo Province, Jose Moiane, visited the site where the attack committed
by the armed bandits took place, last Wednesday. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in
Portuguese 6 Jul 85 p 1] 2909

JOINT- ENTERPRISE WITH SWITZERLAND-~The provincial government of Manica recently
signed an agreement with a Swiss company to finance a tobacco processing and
marketing project, according to a report in DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE. That source
claims that the agreement, signed in Chimoio, calls for financing to go into
effect during the next. (1985/86) agricultural campaign, also including the
production.of corn and the raising of livestock for the province's supply.
Under the terms of the agreement, a mixed company will be formed; to be called
INTABEC-Mozambique, which will have an initial fund of $1 million and another
$8 million for operating expenses. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 10
Jul 85 p 2] 2909

IFAD DONATION--Niassa Province has received nearly 2.5 tons of vegetable
seed, part of a donation made to our country by IFAD, the International Fund
for Agricultural Development. The seed will be given timely distribution to
the cooperative, private and family sectors, according to a source at the Boror
Agency, in Lichinga. The same source claimed that another portion of ‘the IFAD
donation, consisting of various amounts of medicines and veterinary equipment,
will be distributed to those three agricultural sectors in Niassa, Meanwhile,
Italy has just donated, also to Niassa Province, nearly 500 kilograms of
vegetable seed, which has already been distributed among the cooperative,
private and family sectors. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 9 Jul 85 p 3]
2909

CIDAC HEAD VISITS COUNTRY--Agostinho Jardim Goncalves, ‘head of the information
department and member of the cooperation department of the Amilcar Cabral
Information and Documentation Center (CIDAC), has been in Mozambique for a

few days to contact the sectors of national life with which there are mutual
development projects. CIDAC is a non-governmental Portuguese organization
which maintains relations and projects for development with the five former
Portuguese colonies in Africa, namely, Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde, Guinea—
Bissau and Sao Tome and Principe. The center has been. aiding these countries
in various ways since the time of their liberation struggles, and this assis-
tance has been even more intensive and real during the past 10.years, with the
inclusion of other areas of relations and cooperation. Describing his visit to
our country, Agostinho Goncalves claimed that it..was based on three key points,
namely: the reaffirmation of the friendship and: solidarity ‘betweeen CIDAC and
Mozambique,’ a determination of the extent of the state of cooperation and

51



Two Opposing Views on Disinvestment
(POST NATAL, 17-20 Jul 85)....ccccccevecscecccececcsccseee 72

Voith To Increase Investment Despite Emergency
(Alan Peat; BUSINESS DAY, 29 Jul 85)....cssccssccccssccees 77

Businessmen Adopting Increasingly Conservative Policies
(Tony Stirling; THE CITIZEN, 2 Aug 85)..ecccsccsesceeveses 78

Shopkeepers Say Trade Is Still Bleak
(EVENING POST, 30 Jul 85)...cecceccecccccecsscecccceeseese 80

Ciskei Accuses RSA of Economic Sabotage Bid
(THE STAR, 30 Jul 85). ..cccccccccccsccccceccescncesneseces 81

Economic Impact of Botha's Answer to Sanctions Detailed
(Paul Bell; BUSINESS DAY, 31 Jul 85)......ceceeseceecveeee 82

Privatization Seen Key to Next Year's Economic Growth
(Paul Bell; BUSINESS DAY, 1 Aug 85)....sesececececececcees 84

Commercial Union Earnings Down
(Duncan Collings; THE STAR, 2 Aug 85)..sececceeeececcesees 87

Gross Domestic Expenditure Falls
(Roger Gidlow; THE STAR, 2 Aug 85)....ceccesccecesccessces 88

Economic Partnership Linked to Political Reform
(Stan Kennedy;. THE STAR, 5 Aug 85)..cccecvesccccescvcesess 90

Standard Warning on Reducing Inflation
(Madden Cole; THE CITIZEN, 8 Aug 85)..cccccesccceececseeee 91

Electrical Unions Merge After Two Years Talks
(THE CITIZEN, 8 Aug 85)....cccceecccccceccceetseccseeceees 93

Steel Prices Rise as Import Curbs End
(Don Robertson; SUNDAY TIMES, 28 Jul 85)........cseeeeeees 94

Plunge in Gold Share, Other Prices Assessed
(Editorial; BUSINESS DAY, 29 Jul 85)......cceeccececeeeees 95

Coast Steelmen Upset Over New Tariff Rules
(Chris Cairncross; BUSINESS DAY, 1 Aug 85)..........-e.00- 97

Sugar, Coal Industries in Synfuel Race
(Don Robertson; SUNDAY TIMES, 28 Jul 85)......eseeeeeeeeee 98

Fast Food Industry Plans Year of Bold Expansion
(Fred Stiglingh; BUSINESS DAY, 29 Jul 85).......+seeeeeee- 100



JPRS“SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CENTER HELPS END SHORTAGE OF BLACK MANAGERS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Aug 85 p 16

th Text]

CAPE TOWN — An ini-
tiative to counter the
chronic shortage of
trained black managers
in South Africa was an-
nounced at the weekend
by the University of Cape
Town.

The university’s Grad-
uate School of Business is
to institute a centre for
African management,
specialising in black
management develop-
ment. ,

The centre, the first of |
its sort in South Africa,
has been launched with |
support from local com- ,
panies and multinationals
as well as overseas uni-
versities, including Har-
vard Business School
which will co-operate
closely with it.

CHIEF AIMS

The chief aims of the
centre will be:
@To help companies de-
velop a corporate en-
vironment in which man-
agers from diverse back-
grounds can progress.
@To introduce effective
training programmes
aimed initially at devel-
oping black managerial
talent.

CSO: 3400/891

“This serious state of
affairs is the result of a
Jong history of under-
management which has
been compounded by ra
cial discrimination. Until
recently management
was the domain of the
white minority.

“Few companies have
been successful in select-
ing and training black
people for management
positions. Even fewer
have begun to tackle the
problems of creating a
corporate culture in
which black managers
can flourish.

“The shortage of man-
agement in South Africa
threatens the successful
long-term development
of every segment of the
private sector and the
1soundness of the econ-
omy as a whole.

CONSULTATION

“The position is much

more serious if one con-
siders the position of
other countries in South-
ern Africa.”
+ The centre will devel-
op its courses and meth-
ods of instruction in con-
sultation with companies,
organised industry and
commerce, and black
leaders among others. —
Sapa.

@To enable individuals ,
to overcome the obsta-
cles to their advance-
_ment into management.

“@To conduct research
into problems associated
with black training and
advancement in business.

Professor John Simp-
son, director of the
school, said the effect:
would be a profound

“change in management
style and philosophy.

“Full integration at all
levels will become a real-
ity and not a dream or a
myth. I believe that man-
agement in South Africa
will never be the same
again,” :

He said that, in con-

‘ trast to the economies of
the technologically ad- -
vanced nations, Africa
was grossly short of man-

agers.

“In South Africa, the
most technologically de-
veloped of the Southern
‘African states, the num-
ber of managers per 100
workers is less than a
third of the number
which most Western
economies have.

68


JPRS~SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

MINERAL RESOURCES MINISTER DISCUSSES IMPORTANCE OF SECTOR
Maputo TEMPO in Portuguese 23 Jun 85 pp 59-62

[Interview with Mineral Resources Minister Abdul Magid Osman; date and
location not specified]

[Text] Mineral resources during the 10 years of independence were the topic
of an interview which the head of that ministry, Abdul Magid Osman, granted
to Mozambican Information. In it, he discussed the importance of mineral
resources over the next 10-years, as a leading sector attracting foreign
exchange to the country, the significance of coal-in-this context, the first
drilling for oil prospecting due to be carried out this véry year and, in
particular, what’ has been accomplished inthe area of geological work and
research and in the realm'of training cadres for the sector. We are publish-
ing below excerpts from the aforementioned interview:

[Question] Mr Minister, mineral resources constitute an important strategic

area for Mozambique's economic development. What are the most important features
from the standpoint of the sector's historical background and progress, during
the past 10 years?

[Answer] To answer this question I think it might be useful. for us to start
first by positioning Mozambique in this section of southern Africa where we
have a group of countries whose mineral resources play an extremely significant
role: South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola itself to some extent, Botswana
and'even Swaziland.

Unfortunately, in our country mineral resources lack the same importance at

the present time. This is due to several causes, primarily, the fact that
Portugal is not a traditionally mining country and also because, during the
colonial period, the Salazar government. and Marcelo Caetano's government, for
political reasons, did not allow foreigners to make investments in the colonies.
This was not permitted until the final phase of the liberation struggle.

But the fact that Mozambique does not carry very great weight in terms of

mineral resources doesn't mean that it lacks great potential. Nearly two
thirds of Mozambican territory is of the pre-Cambrian age; hence it is over

23



POLICEMAN PAINTS PICTURE OF TENSIONS IN TOWNSHIPS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Aug 85 p 14

[Excerpts]

Detective-Sergeant
Joel Msibi stayed put
when rioters petrol-
bombed his eight-room
home in February, and
he refused to leave
after the second attack
in May.

But the third attack in
June eft’ —_ nothing
unscathed. So Det Sgt
Msibi. joined hundreds of
other Black policemen
from the townships who
have moved to safety in
nearby White towns.

“They are after my
blood. If they don’t get
me, they will get my son”,
Det Sgt Msibi said yester-
day.

Dunnottar, a placid

:town about 50 km east of

Johannesburg. is near the
centre of tle storm in the
surrounding townships of
Duduza, Tsakane, Kwa-
Thema and others on the
East Rand.

Anti-apartheid _ rioting
has raged there since Oc-
tober, and Black officers
have been a constant tar-
get as youths lash out at
the nearest symbol of
White rule.

A barracks of [1 tents
has been thrown up in a
yard next to the Dunnot-
tar police station, now
home to 19 Duduza police
and some of their
. They have lived
there. for two months
after all 120 officers were

66

evacuated from Duduza,
a township of about
50000 Blacks. None of
the children attends
school for fear of repri-
sals.

Colonel Leon Mellet of
the Ministry of Law and
Order said about 400
Black officers’ homes had
been attacked nationwide
— 360 destroyed or badly
damaged.

Det Sgt Msibi, (31) and
an 11-year police veteran,
lives alone and has sent

He has no sympathy for
the rioters’ view ‘that
peaceful protest has won
them nothing in the cam-
paign to end White rule.

“They say they want
liberation — they can get
it, through the right chan-
nels”, Det Sgt Msibi said,
adding that the White
leaders “are trying their
level best to do things for
the Blacks.”

To stop the rioting,
“necessary force must be
used”, he said.

About 500 Blacks have
been killed in the unrest,
most shot by police.
Many other “collabora-
tors” — including more
than a dozen Black offi-
cers — have died at the
hands of. rampaging
mobs.

Det Sgt Msibi said he
joined the police to main-
tain law and order.

JPRS~SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS*SSA~85*077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

FRENCH ATTITUDES, CRITICISMS OF GOVERNMENT SCORED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 29 Jul 85 p 6

[Article by Robin Friedland: "France and South Africa: "The Gall of It!"]

escape the censure whicl

French socialists (democrats

to the core) have addressed on
the subject of apartheid. In terms of .
- Western humanitarian and liberal '
principles, those objections are:
well-founded. Institutionalised race
discrimination is irreconcilable
with those principles and will be-
come increasingly difficult to main-
tain locally as time goes on, both for
moral and for practical political
reasons. And this much is admitted
by verligte nationalists themselves.

But this is not the end of the matter.
It is naive to suppose that South Afri-
can Society can be restructured over-'
night, without regard to minority in-
terests, unless we are prepared to
tumble into the political and econom-
ic abyss which has engulfed so many
Black states in the continent. Here the
French action becomes rather naive,
through failing to take account of
white South Africa’s legitimate re-
quirement for a “soft landing”.

And French attitudes become even
more hollow when juxtaposed to the
repressive action taken in’ two of
France’s remaining minor colonies —
Guadaloupe and New Caledonia.

' In this ironical context, a Left of
centre French government has sol-
emnly withdrawn its’ ambassador
from Pretoria and decreed that no
more investment will be allowed in
South Africa. This posturing as “born-
again” anti-colonialists is all very
well for the group of elegantly-
dressed politicians s' ting at the Ely-_
see Palace in the year of grace 1985.

[Text] Sz AFRICA cannot easily.

1

59

B.. those Clegantly-dressed politi-
cians have managed — very conve-
niently — to forget the bad grace with
which the French withdrew from
their own colonial essions, a pro-
cess of retreat which culminated in
the agony of the Algerian war of inde-
pendence.

Let us go back to the year 1946,
when the French attempted to reas-
sert their authority in the Indochinese
portion of their vast colonial empire
straddling three continents. And let us
not forget, either, that the French had
grabbed that empire really out of
envy of the British and in outrageous
defiance of their own principles of
liberty, equality and fraternity.

The French attempt to hold on to
Indochina in the face of militant Viet-
namese nationalism contrasted with
the latter-day realism which induced
the British fo surrender their vast
Asian ions, including India.

That attempt ended in military de-
bacle and humiliating expulsion from
Indochina. What was worse, France’s
obstinacy over Indochina led indirect-
ly to America’s involvement — a
jecommitment which resulted in fur-
ther military humiliation and a disas-
ter for the Western alliance as a
whole.

In Sub-Saharan Africa, an early in-
dependence movement in Madagascar’
was suppressed with much bloodshed.
In the iddle East the French n conced:
ed int lence to Syria with equal
reluctance. Their carving to retain a
foothold induced them to carve the



Reports from that officer from our Army disclose that the troops in Marromeu
district have received information on the terrorists’ movements and are locating
the directions from which they come. He added that the constant patrolling and
ambushes in the suspected areas have made it possible to detect the enemy before
the latter can commit acts of terrorism and destruction.

According to Comdr Pedro Malate, more families continue to arrive at the Marromeu
district headquarters. To cope with this influx, a commission has just been
formed for the reception and organization of the families that manage to escape
from the bandits.

The provincial government of Sofala; through the Provincial Department to
Prevent and Combat Natural Disasters, is supporting the families which have
returned with clothing, food and items for household use.

The same commission is responsible for the construction of housing to lodge the

victims of the armed bandits, most of whom appear in a critical state of malnu-
trition.

2909
csO: 3442/331

16



He commented: "Although we are far removed from eradicating this major defect,
there are nevertheless prospects of a better future." .

He cited as an example the fact that, up until 1975, the entire group of banks
existing until then in the province had only 650 depositors, whereas ‘now there
are over 17,000 citizens turning over their savings in the People's Development
Bank.

Francisco Carlos Manuel, who made the assessment of the banking and insurance
sector's progress in Niassa throughout this first decade of our independence,
also explained that, in the Bank of Mozambique, the number of accounts rose as
well, increasing nearly 60 percent since the proclamation of the People's
Republic of Mozambique; which is a very valuable contribution to the preserva-
tion and appreciation of our currency, the metical.

As for insurance, the provincial director of finance said that over 360 contracts
were executed in the EMOSE's Moassa office since its creation in the province
during April 1978.

He explained that,.along with the contracts concluded by enterprises and organi-
zations in the province, there have been others made individually by citizens
residing here.

Regarding the mishaps which occur: most frequently in Niassa, Carlos Manuel cited
occupational accidents, noting however that, to reduce them, EMOSE has been
taking action for prevention and safety, consisting of instructing workers in
the use of protective devices.

He also added that, in the case of accidents which cause permanent disability
to the victim, EMOSE guarantees those insured by it the payment of a lifetime
pension calculated on the basis of the wages.

That official remarked: "In the event of the victim's death, the pension is
paid to his legitimate heir."

2909
cso: 3442/350

33



LOCAL FISHERMEN RESIST COOP=-Residents of the Maringanha Unit, in Eduardo
Mondlane District of the city of Pemba, Cabo Delgado Province, engage in fishing
on the local coast, using privately owned boats, with nets and individual fishing
lines. Despite mobilization efforts, the some 1,000 inhabitants continue to
resist forming a fishing cooperative. According to Chabani Siragi, chairman

of the district, the fish is sold in the coastal area to individuals who go
there to make their purchases because the district has no sales post. He also
explained that the local executive council set the price of fish at 50 meticals
per kilogram, to control sales and te combat speculation in fish, but the price
regulation is not observed. The fishermen are charging 100 meticals for five
fish. The district had plans to open a fishing cooperative, but was thwarted
because the fishermen still do not understand the need for collective labor.
Chabani Siragi said: “Even with all the efforts and clarification by the local
structures, the fishermen are still obstinate." The Maringanha Unit has 879
residents, distributed over 6 sections which are served by 3 wells and a spring.
It has'a primary school with 350 pupils, from kindergarten to the fourth grade,
and 3 teachers. According to our local correspondent, Maringanha has problems
with the lack of a health post; patients are treated at the Pemba hospital.

The residents of Maringanha Unit do not farm because of the poor soil and climate.
They engage in fishing and receive food from the distribution [system] or from
individuals who barter produce for fish. [Text] {Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese
8 Jul 85 p 2] 6362 ,

CSO: 3442/352

53



JPRS“SSA*85~077
29 August 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

GAZA GOVERNOR ADDRESSES POPULATION ON NATION'S ANNIVERSARY
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 9 Jul 85 p 3

[Text] The first secretary and governor of Gaza Province, Col. Aurelio Manave,
urged the province's population to make.the second decade of’ our independence
a decade of peace, harmony and social prosperity for all citizens. The Gaza
governor addressed nearly 10,000 individuals who gathered: on the morning of
25 June in the city of Xai-Xai, at a rally which marked the high point of the
celebrations of the 10th anniversary of national independence in the province.

In his address, Col Aurelio Manave reviewed the main events which occurred in
Gaza since the proclamation of independence, stressing the heroic role played
by the populace in the struggle against the consecutive imperialist attacks
of which the province has been a victim, and against the natural disasters
which have severely ravaged this section of the country.

The rally, which was also attended by the second secretary and provincial
military commander, Col-Gen Fernando Matavele, as well as other leaders of
the party and government in the province, was preceded by a parade, in which
5,000 persons participated, including women, youths, workers and children
born during the first year of independence. Moreover, it was these children
who presented several mass gymnastic displays, causing the nearly 10,000
people gathered in the Gaza sports complex to quiver with delight.

On this occasion, they also witnessed the performances of several singing
and dancing groups, prominent among which was the participation of a group
of marimba players from Zavala and another choral singing group, also. from
Inhambane, as part of the cultural exchange that exists among the provinces
in the southern zone.

After these activities there was the presentation of messages from the mass
democratic organizations and the defense and security forces, reaffirming the
determination of this province's population in the battle against famine and
the total elimination of armed banditry.

&

At the conclusion of the messages, the first secretary and governor of the
province, Col Aurelio. Manave, proceeded to decorate 65 citizens who had
distinguished themselves on the different combat fronts with the medal of

19



cso:

tion common to them all is the
need to rationalise the tax struc-
ture and expenditure. A tax in-
crease would obviously be highly
inappropriate given the retard-
ing effect of the present tax level
on economic growth.

actively supports a
tax cut. Depending on the recom-
mendations of an interim Margo
report, government, he says,
should make room for tax cuts
next year to underpin long-term
growth, remove temporary sur-
charges contained in this year's
Budget and compensate for the
regional taxes which may be in-
troduced next year.

Hammond-Tooke, who has de-
yoted much of his energies for the
FCI this year to, submissions to
Margo, also refers to present “ex-
cessive real levels of tax” and the
consequent need for “adjustment.
He would wish to see government
initiate a zero-budgeting strategy
immediately”.

‘The others emphasise cost-ef-
fective government spending, al-
though eldenhuys indicates that
— given the massive socio-eco-
nomic commitments of. govern-

ment with special regard to the ©

black community — an overall
tax cut might be inappropriate.

In Geldenhuys’ view, supply-
side economics is unlikely to
transplant successfully in uth
Africa, if only because — if Rea-
gonomics is used as the yardstick
= we cannot afford tax cuts, a
spending spree and bigger trade
deficits.

He says political factors, too,
would cause difficulties in at-
tempting real cuts in expenditure
because of the need for “social”
and “preventive” spending.

ionka believes a tax cut
might be appropriate only as an
alternative to increased govern-
ment spending if stimulatory
measures were called for.

Kantor says one way to stimu-
late growth is to limit govern-
ment spending, to simplify tax-
ation and to accept a bias
towards savings. Bigger budgets
come out of a bigger economy,
not out of a bigger share for gov-
ernment.

1

3400/864,

86

Boon: monetary and fiscal
policy, the third leg of immediate
strategy — for which the econo-
mists call to a man — should be
to move ahead with deregulation
and privatisation.

In fact, deregulation/privati-
sation (DP) stands, in their minds,
almost as a central pillar of the
immediate drive for growth, in
that monetary and fiscal policies
—as Dickman puts it — influence
a given economic situation with-
out addressing broader stuctural
deficiencies in the system.

Parsons says DP would be an
important way of reducing the
State’s claim on the country’s re-
sources, and hence to limiting
government spending. Privatisa-
tion could generate’ finance for
the State to use in those areas
where it alone: can take action.
He calls for a White Paper on
policy. :

Hammond-Tooke says the pri-
vate sector is already engaged in
shaping a strategy for DP — and
trying to engage government in
discussion on the rules of this new”
game. Geldenhuys cautions that
such a strategy will have to take
into account the jobs of those em-
ployed in possible affected areas.

T.. leads into the need for a
comprehensive overall economic
strategy, a. matter also widely
agreed by the economists. Cypi-
onka refers to a necessary recog-
nition of the fact that existing
metropolitan areas are better
suited to development — concen-
‘tration as opposed to decentral-
‘isation. .

‘Kconomic policy should be
right for its own reasons, unaf-
fected by ideological consider-
ations. But a precondition for this
is the establishment of social and
political frameworks conducive

the creation of the right eco-
nomic strategy.

Cypionka’s phrase sums it up:
“we need moré than monetary
and fiscal tinkering. We need a
plan.”

Geldenhuys says: “IBM was
lanned; so was General Motors.
’m no socialist, but why can’t we

plan an economy?”


JPRS~SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

SMALL-SCALE FARMING IN CHOKWE TO INCREASE PRODUCTION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portugtiese 4 Jul 85 p 8

[Text] The production of the family sector in Chokwe district, in Gaza Province,
appears to be a major reserve from which it will soon. be possible to extract
very sizable amounts of surplus products with a small state investment. There
have been some very important features in this sector recently, as a result of
the process to restructure the Limpopo Agroindustrial Complex (CAIL). Note—
worthy among these features is the distribution of nearly 9,000 hectares of
irrigated land among nearly 12,000 farmers. That distribution is being
accompanied by a rural extension service (the kind commonly known as recruit-
ment of the family sector).

Each of the Chokwe enterprises (10 agricultural and five livestock, formed in

the process of restructuring CAIL) has its own area of influence and has rural
extension agents (recruiters) who, during a first phase, had as main functions
that of ensuring the material resources and the necessary production factors,

particularly in the case of seed, so that the family sector's production could
be developed.

The rural extension agents also mobilized the use of animal hauling which is
of particular importance in the Chokwe region. According to data provided
to our reporter, the district has 49,000 head of cattle, 42,000 of which are
in the family sector. Of this supply, there are 8,000 hauling animals, which
is equivalent to 4,000 yoke of oxen, with the capacity to plough from 15,000
to 20,000 hectares.

In an interview granted to the newspaper NOTICIAS, the director of the Office
of Agrarian Enterprise Coordination in Chokwe, Joao Moeca, commented: "There
has been a great mobilization in the animal hauling work, not only through the
sale of yokes of oxen to farming families who have not had them up until now,
but primarily through the introduction of large volumes of plows for animal
hauling. We can claim that since the end of 1983 nearly 2,000 plows for
hauling have been sold in this area and the rural extension work has been
mobilized. Concurrently, effective measures have been enacted to enable the
family sector to start producing vegetables during the second season."

40



JPRS*SSA*85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CISKEI ACCUSES RSA OF ECONOMIC SABOTAGE BID

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 30 Jul 85 p 8

[Text] South African officials were apparent- through South Africa in order to prose-
ly trying to sabotage Ciskei’s new free cute Ciskeians travelling lawfully from
-market development strategy, Mr Leon one part of Ciskei to another.
Louw, executive of the Free Market “Ciskei has filed a diplomatic com-
Foundation, said today. : plaint but more drastic action might be
In his address on transport deregula- called for such as a renegotiation of
tion in Ciskei to the Annual Transpor- the transport treaty or the impounding
tation Convention (ATC) in Pretoria, of South African vehicles passing
Mr Louw said that, in terms of Cisket’s through Ciskei,
Small Business Deregulation, Act, “This last alternative would virtual-
transport enterprises employing fewer ly bring the border region of South
than 20 people were exempt from eco- Africa, and transport through Ciskei, to
nomic regulation. a standstill.”
Mr Louw said deregulation had
created many new opportunties.
“ par There been a_ tremendous
‘UNFAIR’ growth in the number of licensed taxis,
Mr Louw said that while the official which did not appear to have occurred
South African Government position at the expense of buses and trains,
was that it accepted Ciskei’s new free Various new services had emerged
market development strategy, South since deregulation, including a new pri-
African Transport Services were ap- vate bus service.
parently trying to sabotage Ciskei’s Deregulation had also resulted in:
policy. @ The depoliticisation of transport and
“A South African official had com- the  fecriminalisation of legitimate
plained that Ciskei' permit holders @ An eradication of corra
“ ” iption. Politi-
would provide “unfair competition”. cians and officials were no longer able
“South African officials are said to to manipulate the regulatory system.
be harassing Ciskeians by setting up @ Police and inspectors could concen-
roadblocks where Ciskei roads pass trate on maintaining law and order.
cso: 3400/850

81



Military Crash Publications Criticized

Lagos SUNDAY TIMES in English 21 Jul 85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

THe air Officer Comman-
ding (AOC) Tactical Air
Command (TAC), Makurdi,
Benue State, Commodore
Bayo Lawal, has criticised the
publication of military
accidents in the country's
mass media.

Commodore Lawal told a
press conference in Makurdi
yesterday that it was.
unpatriotic for -the nation’s
mass media.to publish stories
on military accident
especially those involving

military aircraft without .

clearance from the Ministry
of Defence or the Service
Area concerned.

He emphasised that the
NTA News report involving

3400/823

58

the. NAF Jaguar plane.which
crashed near Ibadan. had
done incalculable damage to
the image of the Nigerian Air
Force.

The AOC pointed out that
accidents involving military
aircraft were commonplace in
advanced . countries like
United States, United
Kingdom and. USSR but
added that these countries
mass media-never made them
front page news.

Air Commodore Lawal said
that journalists. as partners in
progress with the:
government should safe-
guard’ the. interest of the
‘country at all time.



JPRS*SSA*85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ECONOMIC IMPACT OF BOTHA'S ANSWER TO SANCTIONS DETAILED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 31 Jul 85 pp 1, 3

[Article by Paul Bell]

[Text]

NEIGHBOURING states would be
deprived of at least R2,2bn in repa-
triated earnings alone if President
PW Botha decides to send foreign
-workers packing.

That represents the earnings of
210 000 mine workers only. The actual
cost to these states could be much higher
if total earnings of expatriate workers
and other SA accruals are taken into
account.

This indicates the extent of the threat
te the foreign exchange earnings of
countries like Botswana, Lesotho,
Malawi, Mozambique and Swaziland.
The dependance of some of these coun-
tries on repatriated earnings for their
foreign exchange is near to total.

Botha cited estimates of up to 1,5-
million fore,
Africa and said government was investi-
gating the numbers so that it could
weigh up how to repatriate them.
“He also threatened to freeze out
Frontline states’ imports/exports by
closing South African rail, air and har-
bour facilities to them, and to stop other
forms of co-operation and assistance
with neighbouring states.

The estimate of 1,5-million foreign
black workers has been questioned but it
is extremely difficult to get an accurate
picture of the numbers, although most
work in mining and agriculture.

Their total earnings, based on the
earning capacity of Chamber miners
alone, could run to several billion rands.

In 1983, the number of workers legally
in South Africa was put at fewer than
288 000 — drawn from Botswana
'26 000), Lesotho (145 800), Malawi
(29 600), Mozambique (61 200), Swaziland

16 on Zambia (700) and Zimbabwe.

black workers in South °

82

Aglance at mining industry figures on
the value of this labour to neighbouring
states, in terms of foreign exchange
earnings alone, indicates starkly the ex-
tent of Botha’s threat.

At May 31 Chamber of Mines mem-
bers drew 38,7% of their total labour
force of nearly 543 000 from five coun-
tries: Lesotho (108 40, Mozambique

‘50 885), Botswana (18 830), Malawi
'18 652) and Swaziland (13 328).

The chamber’s recruiting arm, Teba,
is also said to have, put the total earned
by foreign miners in 1984 at about
R2,2bn, of which up to half — Ri,ibn —
‘went back to their countries through
deferred pay, remittances, the purchase
of capital goods and supplies and other
multiplier effects.

‘The amount of R2,2bn is larger than
the gross national product of either Le-
sotho ($670m in 1983), Swaziland ($619m)
or Botswana ($920m).

HARD CASH EARNINGS

Hard cash earnings by Lesotho, Bo-
tswana, Swaziland, Mozambique and
Malawi from the Chamber miners alone
totalled R418m. The difference between
this figure and the R1,1bn is made up of
transfers in others forms and purchased
goods. ° 5 ve

Lesotho, Mozambique and Malawi re-'
quire 60% of wages to be paid out in the
‘home countries: Lesotho earned R105m,
Mozambique R69m and Malawi R24m,
Other states gleaned R88m, and a total
of R132m was remitted through Teba to
families,

These miners, it is estimated, support
about 3-million dependants in Frontline
states,


VARIOUS SCENARIOS DESCRIBE AFTERMATH OF EMERGENCY

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 28 Jul 85 p 27

JPRS*SSA"85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

[Article by Professor Lawrence Schlemmer, president SA Institute of Race

Relations]

[Text]

VEN in our politically
reoccupied society,
ie State of Emergency

requires careful con-

templation by South Af-
ricans of all persuasions.
Further consequences from
now on demand urgent ap-
praisal.

All else being equal, and with
no new initiatives, the outcome
of the present emergency could
take any one of the following
forms:

@ A fitful return to some sem-
blance of order in the townships
and on an even slower repair of
South Africa’s relations with the
West — until the next cycle of
unrest. :

@A state of-continuing, but
contained, turmoil in the ‘own:
ships, shifting from area to area
under pressure from the secur-
ity forces.

The German soctologist,
Professor Theo Hanf, has: re:
ferred to this as “war without
victors”, a familiar pattern in
Lebanon in recent years.

@ An escalation of the unrest,
the. erosion of economic confi-
dence, further deterioration in
our relations with the West,
stiffer economic sanctions,

mounting unemployment and a.

host of related problems.

117

Tree in turn, could lead to

either a shift to an authoritar-
ian, right-wing garrison state,
imposing law and order with an
iron fist in a society with a low

juality of life and a collective
siege mentality, or a fragmenta-
tion of government control and
administration and the emer-
gence of right-wing or military
police terror squads.

The ultimate resolution to the
bloodbath might be the partition
of a crippled country.

@An escalation of conflict
leading to the South African
Government admitting its in-
ability to control the country
and convening something like a
national convention to negotiate
with the black ing most
able to contain the violence.

The assumption of pore of
this grouping could easily be fol-.
lowed bo n conflict between
it and its blatk political com-
petitors, with considerable
white participation, as
Renamo in ‘Mozambique.

@The scenario above but
without the black-on-black con-
flict, leading to a slow recon-
struction under a majority-rule

government, ~~

All these scenarios are posst-
ble. All present indications,
however, are that the first two



SPRS~SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NEW CHAIRMAN OF EAC PROFILED
Johannesburg BUSINESS. DAY in English 31 Jul 85 p 6

[Article by Harold Fridjhon]

[Text]

CHANGES were made in the structure of
the EAC, said Human, because the State
President wanted a direct input into state
thinking from representative business
leaders. He felt that the former EAC was
too large and unwieldy, that it was too
academic in its thinking, and too loaded
‘with people from government, What he is
looking for is a clearer view of private
sector thinking.

‘The smaller council will be more man-
ageable and more able to examine prob-

view and’a minority view so that the:
council would be able to derive the benefit

of examining both sides of a question.
Describing himself as a pragmatic busi-
nessman, he gives the impression that he
would like to run the council more along
the lines of a board of directors. He ex-
pects each member to come to meetings
fully briefed on all aspects of the sector
from which he has been appointed. Al-
though none of the members have been
appointed to represent directly the associ-
ich they are connected,

lems, by giving closer attention to details. ations with wl d
It was not his intention to have the council nonetheless they have access to the facili-
ties of a sectoral association or institution.

sitting as a body discussing the

always i

details of every problem. To the contrary,
he would use sub-committees to consider
specific areas, and to enlist the services of
experts to examine and advise.

e of the immediate issues which
springs to mind was to see what could be
done to bring down to a reasonable rate
the degree of inflation in the economy.

This would require a specialised sub-
committee under the chairmanship of a
council member who would enlist the aid
‘of experts from various disciplines. Their
findings and recommendations would be
considered by the council as a whole be-

fore being submitted to the State Presi- -

dent as a recommendation.
Pragmatic

Human intends that a large part of the
council’s work, particularly it. which
requires in-depth study and investigation
will be done through specialised sub-com-

mittees, the convenors of which would be.

council members.
‘And he does not want, necessarily, a

consensus view expressed by these sub-:

committees. He would prefer a majority

He. gives as an example the case of
Julian Ogilvie Thompson and Robin
Plumbridge. These two men have not been
appointed to the EAC to represent the
Chamber of Mines, nor their respective

groups. They have been selected, together
with J C Fritz, to represent the mining
industry as such. But Human expects
them to make full use of the facilities and
the research of the chamber, and of their
‘own companies, when presenting a case to
the council at large. .

He assured me that he will be constant-
ly on the alert for signs of any attempts by
people to try to use the council for person-
al advantage, either for themselves or for
the organisations they work for.

He expects complete objectivity from
everyone with only one purpose in mind,
that of the national interest. “I will not
tolerate any politicking or racism. We
won't have any time for that. The work
load will be heavy and laborious so the
only way we can get through the task
ahead is to keep to fundamentals if we are
to be productive.”

In the old council much time was taken
up by debates between people holding dia-

120



for the production of precious and semiprecious gems. .Often the gem deposits
are extremely small and it is impossible for a commercial type of organiza-
tion to extract them, Hence, it has become necessary’to create a small
cooperative, a small private business, or else a family type of production.
This could be done in several sections of the country for gold production and
for the production of precious gems and other ores: But the Law on Mines
itself will deal with this, and we shall organize it.

It is very important for our country, because our population in the southern
and central regions has a strong mining tradition, and many"have worked in
South Africa and Zimbabwe; and they could quickly adapt to.his type of
activity, with benefits for themselves and for the country.

Creating Security Measures to Prevent Thefts

[Question] There has been a great deal of talk about thefts and diversions
of semiprecious gems. Are there any grounds for this ‘conjecture?

eons itd
[Answer]. There are, and in the country's present state of need thefts
are more or less widespread. Not only gems are being stolen. There has been
stealing in several areas. But’ perhaps the theft rate and not only it but
that of smuggling as well, is greater in the case of gems, because it is far
more difficult to carry a bag of corn, when half a kilogram of gems would
suffice to accrue the same price. That half a kilogram of gems could be
quickly and easily transported to neighboring countries; particularly Swazi-
land, where they could be marketed. We:know that the tourmalines ‘from Nampula
are often marketed in Swaziland. But several measures have already been
adopted and some are about to be adopted. .It is an organizational effort which
takes time. We are starting here, in Maputo. The sale of gems can only be
made now in Interfranca,:in foreign exchange, and in the store open to the
public we sell only for meticals, and we are gradually restricting access to
the production zone for outsiders.

The major problem that exists is that often the gem production is carried out
by small farmers who later’sell to merchants who can pay the speculative prices;
because they carry the gems abroad.in order to procure foreign exchange. What
we are planning is for ourselves to be the ones to market those gems. We are
going to start this in Zambezia and Nampula first. We shall make this exchange
of production for necessary products so as to:channel all the gem production

to the state,

Another measure is among the production enterprises themselves. It is extreme—
ly important to create security measures. We think that some mistakes were
made in the production units ‘in refusing to. introduce inspection. In any
mining company which produces precious gems, it is important for the workers

to be searched. This is shocking, but there is no other recourse. This is
starting to be done in ‘certain units with major production. We must also
organize the workers themselves, by means of material incentives, so that

they themselves may operate as a kind of inspector of all the activity within
the enterprise; so that what is produced in the enterprise will reach the

27



[Answer] Moro-Naba is the true sample of feudalism. Under the previous
regimes, it was much listened to and well provided for. The revenues from
electricity, water, telephone service, and a whole pile of other things were
given to it free. The revolution has now put a stop to that. But we have not
suppressed Moro-Naba, even though it represents a body of political opinion
that we are combating, because we cannot challenge the existence of Moro-Naba
as a "vestige" of our past. No. We have no particular problems with Moro~
Naba. For that matter, it participates in many revolutionary activities. We
feel that when we succeed in changing people's living conditions, certain
social relationships with respect to Moro-Naba will also change.

[QUESTION] How do you describe the revolution in Burkina Faso? What specific
features does it present in comparison with other progressive countries?

[Answer] Ours is a democratic people's revolution. This means that in our
estimation, our country's--our society's--level of economic, political,
social, and cultural development is such that the kind of changes we can make
is limited in comparison with a number of revolutions seen around ‘the world.
Our concern is to induce the great majority--the exploited--to take charge of
their own future. For the moment, our revolution is not called upon to see to
it that the privileged interests are exclusively those of the socialists--that
is, to ensure the type of system that favors basically the working class.

Our concern, I repeat, is to involve those who were exploited under the former
regimes and mobilize them for economic changes. At this point, the democratic
aspect is the most important one. It is a matter of taking into account the
interests of several classes (peasants, small merchants, and so on) that were
exploited under the previous regimes and allowing them to exercise power as
the revolution progresses.

That leads us to distrust certain adventurist solutions that may call for very
radical changes. For example, we cannot nationalize everything in the
territory because we feel that people are willing to work as individuals for
the cause of the revolution.

A democratic revolution is difficult to set up, because there are many
hindrances. A great deal of flexibility is required with regard to a certain
number of class interests that are part of the people. That is more or less
what makes our revolution original in comparison with certain well-known
revolutions.

[QUESTION] What about Marxism-Leninism? In Congo, for ‘example, it is taken
not as dogma but as a guide.

{Answer] The writings of Marx and Lenin are not the Bible. They are not
sacred scripture. One must be able to understand them, take what is
essential, and adapt it to a given revolution and situation. That is as far
as we go.

[QUESTION] How do the Burkinabe religions fare in the democratic people's
revolution?



must be even greater, so that the farmer will be able to market his surplus
products.

During the first years after the distribution of irrigated land, the family
sector in Chokwe was engaged mainly in corn growing. . The raising of this
crop, which constitutes the basic.food for the vast majority of the Mozambican
people, did not bring very notable results because, as our reporter learned

on the site, the vast majority of the irrigated land, perhaps as much as

90 percent, is not corn growing land.

Corn Growing To Be Abandoned?

Owing to the nature of the soil and the climate, combined with several other
factors and, primarily, the corn diseases, which. are very common in that section.
of the country, and which can‘only be solved by introducing large amounts of
chemical products and with a great mastery of the cultivation and technology,
the growing of corn represents rather high costs.

This means that this crop may gradually be abandoned or at least grown on a
smaller scale in that area. For example, this year, only 20 percent of the
farmers in the family sector within the irrigation system produced corn.

The director of the Office of Agrarian Enterprise Coordination in Chokwe claimed:
"We are absolutely sure that, next year, 90 percent, if not all the farmers, will
produce rice. And they will produce rice not because the eating habits have
changed from one year to the next, but because they realize that:growing rice

is more productive for themselves."

In the agricultural campaign now ending, the average rice production in the
family sector is estimated at 2: tons per hectare. This volume is more than
sufficient to feed an average farming family for a year.

Therefore, at the present time, the rice production “in Chokwe has already
proven that it is creating a basic food of a safe type, in addition to surpluses
for. trading for other products needed by the farmer. However, this security

is not created by growing corn, the highest yield of which: in that area exceeds
1,000 kilograms per hectare, only in unusual cases.

2909
CSO: 3442/351

42



who were responsible for the state or economic apparatus used it to enrich
themselves individually. Instead of the interests of the people, it was their
own development they were concerned about.

We recovered what those people had stolen, or at least what was left of it--
that is, the portion that had not been squandered on champagne and more
houses, vehicles, and so on. The people must recover what is theirs. And the
people observed and saw that the revolution had really come to safeguard the
interests of the majority.

We have been able to solve the housing problem, if only in part. Real estate
speculation has been stopped. We did not consider it normal that people
should grab off subdivisions by the dozen when Burkina belongs to the
Burkinabe. We simply nationalized the land. In other words, the land belongs
to the state and to no one else.

We then decided to subdivide big towns on a big scale to ensure access for
everyone. We subdivided 18,500 parcels in less than a year. The only rule is
that the individual must be a Burkinabe. But it is not enough to have
parcels. People must also be given the opportunity to build. We therefore
set up a housing bank that facilitates the granting of a certain number of
construction loans. We also decided to exempt building materials from import
duties. First we reduced rents radically, and then we decided simply to
abolish rents. In other words, nobody pays rent. It has now been 6 months
since we took that step. We also reduced school fees by 50 percent.

{QUESTION] What have the reactions been to those measures?

CAnswer] There have been reactions, of course, but revolution also means
force.

{QUESTION] So for you, comrade minister, it is a matter of combating an
entire system. What revolutionary method was used against the veiled
opposition and Moro-Naba?

{Answer] Moro-Naba quickly understood our concerns and the interests of the
moment. And more or less the same is true of all the opposition forces whose
interests are being challenged. There are plots from time to time to
overthrow the government. But the people are not asleep. Basically, one
thing needs to be said. Struggle for political power, regardless of which
political power, involves the use of violence. No political power controls
Power by getting along with everybody. Violent reaction is our response in
Burkina when imperialist opposition forces try to boot out our revolution.
But violent reaction is not specific to revolutions. It is characteristic of
every political power. The difference in the case of revolution is that
violence serves the interests of the population, while for reactionary forces,
violence serves the interests of the minority. We use violence as a method
for strengthening the interests of the community.

[QUESTION] Let us go back to Moro-Naba. What does it represent in the eyes
of the revolutionary regime?



JPRS~SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

FOOD, MEDICINE ARRIVE IN DROUGHT AREAS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 6 Jul 85 p 8

[Text] Last month, emergency consumer goods and medicine sent to the Mozambi-
can people stricken by the natural disasters. which had been withheld in

the country's leading cities started being removed by air.

Two cargo planes, an "Antanov" of the Air Force and a Boeing-737 from Mozambique
Airlines, are in the service of the Department to Prevent and Combat Natural
Diasasters. For the use of these two aircraft, the DPCCN benefited from a

sum of $450,000 made available by the United Nations Development Program

(UNDP). nos ait Top brepeeer Fees cba tert

According to.the DPCCN, the air operation began on 12 June, with flights from
Maputo to Vilanculo and Inhambane. On the first flight of the day, they shipped
aboard the "Antenov" with a 4.5 ton capacity, four drums of diesel oil, 45 bags
of powdered milk, 178 cartons of soup and a Land-Rover. ‘engine for an EEC
project, totaling over 4 tons, .

On the return flight, dozens of sick people were evacuated from the stricken
areas of Inhambane to the Central Hospital in Maputo. :

The Boeing-737, in turn, is operating in the provinces in the central part of
the country stricken by drought, Sofala, Manica and ‘Tete, remoying the goods.
held in the port of Beira.

Highway transportation has proven to be ineffective in some areas, for reasons
of security on the evacuation routes, owing to the action of the armed bandits.

The use of air transport to remove the emergency goods for the population
stricken by drought had been announced during the first.week of June by the i
DPCCN director, Amos Mahanjane. Mahanjane detailed, on that occasion, the |
difficulties facing the sector in the area of transportation, specifically
that of the highway type. oo a low

In mid-May, 8,000. tons of various goods were waiting for transportation, in.
the port of Maputo.

2909 . Ce
CSO: 3442/350

36



the emergency regulations.
That is more than Mr le
Grange was willing, in the de-
bate on the Police Act, to accept
as a minimum necessary safe-
guard in times of non-emergen-
cy, if that is the proper word.
Moreover, the emergency
Tegulations must, in terms of the
Public Safety Act, be laid before
Parliament and, unless they are
approved by Parliament, must
lapse. The accountability of the
Government to Parliament for
its handling of the emergency is
thus preserved; if another Biko
‘ease occurs, Mr le Grange will
answer to Parliament for it.

Nobody pretends that the pro- -
visions of the Public Safety Act
are desirable. The question,.
though, is whether they are ne-
cessary, given the powers which
President Botha can in any
event wield?

The short answer is: John
Vorster would not have both-
ered with the Public Safety Act.
When he could have used it, he
did not. Instead, he entrenched
in our law a primitive, fascist
system.

‘Thus he laid the basis for we
endless damage to South Africa
that began, within months, with
the death of Looksmart Ngudle
ina cell in Cape Tow and con-
tinued until a battered medical
profession a few weeks ago.con-
demned the medical treatment
received by Steve Biko.

‘Therefore it is, at the least,
notable that President Botha
(who has never manifested
much distaste for the methods
of John Vorster) has turned to
the 1953 legislation to, deal with
the current emergency. It sug-

ests that his dramatic declara-

ion of a State of Emergency
was as much a political as a
security measure. .

The day-to-day handlin; of

the emergency tends to confirm
.. this interpretation. .
Whereas the ordinary powers
of the police apply nationwide,
"the emergency powers have.
been confined to 36 carefully-
selected districts, and the Gov-
ernment has resisted so far the
temptation to add on every dis-
trict where a black lad hurls a
y stone. : :
The emergency regulations
§ permit the Commissioner of Po-
' fice to impose what amounts to
+ otitright censorship; so far, Gen-
eral Johan Coetsee has satisfied
: himself with a rather plaintive
plea to the Press to “tone down’

cso: 3400/850

116

its coverage of the emergency,:
but refrained from coercion.
The emergency regulations
ermit the use of the army on a
: large scale te round up and im-
prison thousands, if necessary,
and to keep them in detention
for years, a8 Mr Ian Smith kept
detainees at Gonakudzingua.
(Where? Robben Island is surel
available, or else John Vorster’s
old detention centre at Koffie-
fontein could be quickly recon-
structed.)

Mounting

So far, the number of detain-
ees has been mounting by hun-
‘ dreds, not thousands, and the po-
lice have readily named their
prisoners. The numbers of peo-
ple shot have increased quite
sharply, from about two a day to
perhaps four a day; but the fig-
ures, given the enormous poten-
tial for disaster, remain small.
In short, there may be less to’
the emergency than meets the
eye. It makes no sense to as-
sume emergency powers which
are less severe than the ordi-
nary law, unless the purpose is
to administer a shock which
might bring the country to its
senses, But reform cannot con-
tinue, even according to Presi-
dent Botha’s modest plans, in
the face of violence. Mr Botha
cannot survive politically if he
is perceived by his own constitu-
ency to be backing down in the
face of pressure.

Hence, the violence will end,
or the Botha period of liberali-
sation, that has lasted since
1979, will end.

Capable

If the violence subsides the
State of Emergency may be lift-
sed quite quickly {although in
theory it could last for a decade)
and the process of reform may
be resumed almost uninterrupt-

If, of course, the State of
Emergency fails to check the
violence, President Botha and
his allies are quite capable of
kissing the entire reform pro-
gramme goodbye, reverting to
more-usual police methods, and
screwing the cap down tight for
the next decade or so.

Then he won't need the Public
Safety Act. John Vorster has al-
ready given him everything he
might need to return to “nor-
mal”.



JPRS*SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

Ernesto Joaquim remarked: "I was located in Monapo district. One day, armed
bandits showed up.at my house and took the best things that I had: chickens
and peanuts, and they later left the area." He added: "On another occasion,
when I and my wife were participating in the cleaning of my~parents’ farm,
the armed bandits showed up again, kidnapping me. Then they burned the
thatched hut in which I was living and raped my wife."

He later said that, during the third week with the bandits, a group of them
organized to burn a government vehicle, "and at that time I was ill, because
I had been bitten by a cobra."

And he added: "The same day, we were informed that the FRELIMO forces had
just located the area where we were, and so we withdrew to another site called
Opewe (a place for praying), at all times led by a bandit named Alfredo. We
crossed the Muacate River, remaining in this region for 3 weeks; and on one
occasion we were attacked by the FRELIMO forces together with the militiamen.
We managed to escape in time to another region called Muarrerimue, a base at
which the bandits’ ringleaders were located: Mambo, Cameco and Ingegere. We
were also attacked here again."

Continuing his story, he claimed: "We escaped and entered Mecuburi district.
Were were later informed that the FRELIMO troops had just razed a camp in the
vicinity. At that time, the bandits' morale was very low, and, after that,

had a chance to escape. During the time that I spent with the armed bandits,

I had the job of attacking civilians, and stealing from the population to supply
food for the criminals."

Ernesto Joaquim also said that he recalled, "Once, they turned over to me five
men to kill in the Muiana region. “I murderéd,afraid of them."

Ernesto Joaquim is under orders from our authorities, at the Nampula district
headquarters, Rapale.

Marromeu District
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 21 Jun 85 p 10

[Text] During the period from January to March of this year, units of the
Armed Forces of Mozambique liberated over 300 families who, up until that
time, had been living compulsorily with the armed bandits in Marromeu district,
Sofala. The action resulted from military operations.

Pedro Abilio Malate, a military commander in the area, recently told the press
that, during the same operations, one armed ‘bandit was killed and 20 others
taken prisoner... Also captured were some protectors of the -bandits, commonly
known as "madjibas" [collaborators].

That official noted that some of the captured bandits admitted having come

from the camps in Massiambodza and N'Doro, located in Cheringoma district, on
a reconnaissance mission to find military and civilian targets in Marromeu.

15



LAND OWNERSHIP THEORIES DEBATED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 27 Jul 85 pp 1, 5

[Text]

cso:

3400/862

PROFESSOR Benneh, Pro Vice-Chancellor

of the University of Ghana, Legon, has argued that

the idea of abolishing local sovereignties so that all

the lands in the country become state lands and

puministered by government, may only be plausible
1e0)

"Thus i because apart from the large bureaucracy which
will have to be created to administer all the lands in
Ghana, it will also be a very costly exercise. He was
speaking at a seminar on the problems of agricultural

elopment and land policy at the UST in Kumasi.

According to Prof Benneh, the advantage under the
present customary land tenure systems in the country is
that only few Ghanaians can claim to be landless.

On the other hand, he said, past experience in the’
country shows clearly that it isa certain class of people
who gain access to state lands whether these lands are in

the urban or rural areas.

He went on: “invariably,
the poor illiterates who can
obtain land for building
dwelling houses or to cul
tivate for feeding their fa-
milies under the present
tenure arrangements are
discriminated «against
when the land in their area
is taken over by govern-
ment.”

In the view of Prof Ben-
neh, however, a more com-
pelling reason for an evo-
lutionary route to land re-
form is that a land reform
that imposes a new system
of land tenure by fiat is
likely to be alien to the
rural people and incom-
patible with customary
working rules concernin;
land that the understand
and have confidence in.

‘To support his view Prof
Benneh quoted one Arul-
pragasam as saying that
“legislation that is not in
agreement with the revo-

lutionary path of an agra-
tutionary path of an aft"
low and ignored”.
He further noted that
share cropping is the se-
cond major problem asso-
ciated with existing tenure
systems in Ghana and that
though it enables strangers
to gain access to land, the,
terms under which land!
grants are made are often!
not favourable to tenants.
It is to solve these pro-
blems, according to Prof
Benneh, that a recent
Food and Agriculture Or-
ganisation (FAO) sponsor-
ed seminar made certain
recommendations.
Among others, it said
that share cropping tenan-
cies should be replaced by
cash tenancies and there-
fore the need for a rent
stabilisation legislation to
give effect to this recom-
mendation,

10

JPRS*SSA=85~077
29 August 1985

GHANA


Packaging Industry Reflects Fall in Sales
(Fred Stiglingh; BUSINESS DAY, 29 Jul 85)...seseeseeeeeees 102

Meat Imports To Continue, Says Du Toit
(Gerald Reilly; BUSINESS DAY, 31 Jul 85)...ssseeeeeeeeeeee 103

Builders Cut Township Operations
(Kerry Clarke; SUNDAY TIMES, 28 Jul B5)ececccccccccecveees 104

Asbestos Producers Improve Performance
(Daan de Kock; THE CITIZEN, 8 Aug 85)....ssseeeeeeeeseeees 105

Tourism Drop Feared This Year
(Kerry Clarke; SUNDAY TIMES, 28 Jul 85)..+.eeceeeseeseeees 106

JSE To Upgrade Its Computers
(Matthew White; BUSINESS DAY, 2 Aug 85)..scsseeeseeeesseee 108

Border Post With Transkei To Be Moved
(DAILY DISPATCH, 17 Jul 85)..cccecccecceecccecceeseeeveeres 109

PFP Member Witnesses. Craddock Community Leaders' Funeral
(Jan van Eck; SUNDAY TIMES, 28 Jul 85)....seseseeeeeeeeeee 111

Weaker NP Seen as Being in Interests of All Reformers
(Robert Schrire; SUNDAY TIMES, 28 Jul 85).....seseeeeeeeee 113

Another View.on Meaning of Emergency Declaration
(Ken Owen; SUNDAY TIMES, 28 Jul 85)....seeesesecceeeeeoes 115

Various Scenarios Describe Aftermath of Emergency
(Lawrence Schlemmer; SUNDAY TIMES, 28 Jul 85).....+.+eeees 117

New Chairman of EAC Profiled
(Harold Fridjhon; BUSINESS DAY, 31 Jul 85)....seseeeeeeees 120

Coetzee Reaffirm Police Attitude
(THE CITIZEN, 1 Aug 85).sssceccceeccccceecccceescsccseeees 122

Briefs
Maritzburg Faces Boycott 123
SBDC Funds Drained 123
All-Race Advisory Council 124
Markinor Survey Results 124
Local Tourism Grows 124
Oil Dependency To End 124
Beef Production Worries 125
Loans for Lebowa 125



JPRS+SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

ZIMBABWE

PROGRESS MAKES INDUSTRIALISTS MORE OPTIMISTIC
Harare THE HERALD in English 26 Jul 85 p 1

[Text] BUSINESS confidence in industry showed a marked improvement during the
first half of this year and industrialists are more optimistic now than six

months ago.

A business opinion survey by the Department of Business Studies of the Uni-
versity of Zimbabwe showed that the optimism expressed by 63,8 percent out of
105 people was the highest recorded in the nine surveys conducted by the de-
partment over four years. The survey was sent to 150 people.

The results available yesterday, said after very rapid growth in the first
half of this year, the rate of industrial expansion will slow in the second

half of the year.

"Over 1985 as a whole industrial production is likely to be little different
from that experienced in 1982 and marginally below its 1981 peak," the survey
said. :

“However, even with the recently announced increase in import allocations,
input shortages will intensify and inflationary pressures mount as demand

improves."

Survey response showed that an average of 60 percent of respondents reported
that import allocations had adversely affected production since April 1981 as
against 58 percent for domestic demand.

The survey said the experience of the past five years raised serious doubts as
to the viability of an economic policy heavily reliant on import and eschange
controls. Reliance on foreign borrowings and aid inflows had failed to pro-

vide an answer.

There had been no measureable improvement in real living standards since
independence, which are 20 percent lower today than in 1974, Employment was
also lower than 10 years ago during which time the population has risen by
more than 2 million people.

sO: 3400/819 128



TOURISM DROP FEARED THIS YEAR

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES [Business] in English 28 Jul 85 p 5

[Article by Kerry Clarke]

[Text]

CIVIL unrest and the
state of emergency
threaten South Africa’s
tourist industry.

Some predict a 25% de-
cline in the number of foreign
tourists this year.

The outlook was bright
early this year as a weak

made SA a bargain des-
tination.

But increasing unrest
placed a damper on arrivals
as early as April, and the out-
look for the peak season from
September to November is

leak,

Tremendous

The SA Tourism and Safari
Association (Satsa) expected
a bumper 1985-1986 because
of the weak rand and pack-
ages offered by SA Airways,
But it says it will take a con-
siderable marketing effort
merely to keep the number of
visitors from declining.

Otto Stehlik, managing di-
rector of Protea Hotels &
Inns, says: “There has been a
tremendous decline in in-
coming tourism in the past
three months. ooo

“In May last year we had
1000 Americans at our Heer-
engracht Hotel in Cape
Town. This May there were
only eight. .

Low profile

“February and March
were good months, especially
for tourism from rope,
Their numbers rose by 14%
over the previous year. I
haven’t seen so many Ger-
mans here for a long time.

'

“But from April the posi-
tion changed.

“We would be wasting our
money if we put more into
advertising abroad. For
every column centimetre of
advertising we pay for in the
US and Europe, there are 100
column centimetres of free,
front-page editorial against

“We have proof of this. The
expensive advertising cam-
ia jgn in the US last Novem-

rand December (spon-
sored by the SA Tourism
Board, Southern Sun, SAA,
Sun International) did not
bring the desired results.

“We should keep a low pro-
file and remain in close con-
tact with the market place —
tour operators and retailers
overseas — as well as with
the opinion makers, and con-
tinue to bring them to South
Africa.” .

Expositions

Satsa president John Roth-
schild says; “We are putting
together a strong contingent
from the SA tourism industry
to attend the World Travel
Market in London in Decem-
ber, the US International
Travel Exchange in Miami in
January and Exposition
in Berlin in Ma 1986,
These three are the largest

travel-trade expositions in. ,

the world.

“Many of our members are
abroad now to reassure cus-
tomers in our three major
markets — the US, Germany
and the UK.”.

Southern Sun marketing
director Bruce Hutchison
agrees that traditional ad-

JPRS~SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


BLACK REACTION TO BOTHA'S DEPORTATION ORDER OF FOREIGN WORKERS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 31 Jul 85 p 5

{Text ]

cso:

3400/850_

BLACK anger will in-
crease as many people
will suffer if the Gov-
ernment deports thou-
sands of foreign black
workers to their
homes.

This was part of the
reaction to State Presi-
dent, Mr P W Botha’s
announcement that
black workers from
Southern Africa coun-
tries would be repa-
triated to their home-
lands if their govern-
ments continue to sup-,
port moves for punitive
measures against South
Africa.

Mr Chris Dlamini,
president of the Feder-
ation of South “African
Trade Unions, said:
“We obviously feel con-
cerned about the an-
nouncement because it
will affect most of our
members from those
states, some of whom
live in the urban areas.”

Mrs Joyce Harris, the
vice national president
of the Black Sash said it
will be a “terrible blow
to a lot of helpless peo-
ple already suffering”.
international com-
munity to stop the crit-
icism of the country’s
apartheid policies.

“Jt is about time the
Government tried to
stem the tidé of black

65

anger that is rising. This
move will add more
grievances,” she said.
Mr N Hayson, a re-
searcher at the Wits
Centre for Applied
Legal Studies, said the
-President was telling the
Azapo’s publicity sec-
retary Mr Imran Moosa
said the SA Govern-
ment was trying to force
African states to “sing
their song” at the UN. It
was an indication of
capitalism and racism.

The United Demo-
cratic Front has also crit-
icised President Botha
for threatening to send
back imigrant workers
from neighbouring
states if the interna-
tional community im-
poses sanctions against
South Africa.

Calling the threat
“childish”, UDF public-
ity secretary Ms Zo
Kota said only disma-
tling the apartheid state
would bring South Af-
tica back into the world
community of nations.

“The Southern Afri-
can states have survived
years of military-destab-
lisation by South Africa,
through the SADF and
its covert wings, such as
Renamo.

“This,economic
threat is a new tactic to
bully them into submis-
sion.”

JPRS~SSA~85+077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



"Valor and Patriotism" of the first and second class. For some of those honored,
the award of the medal was made posthumously. >

Addressing the population; the Gaza governor stressed the fact that the victory
which we celebrate today is the result of the willing sacrifices of our people's
best children opposing Portuguese colonialism; and also emphasized the major
figures in our history of resistance, such as Ngungunhane and Maguiguane.

Aurelio Manave cited in particular the attacks of which our country has been

the target since independence, such as the one carried out by the military of
Ian Smith's racist regime, which was concentrated primarily on Gaza Province,
where various economic and social infrastructures were destroyed, such as the
tropospheric station, housing and buses in Chicualacuala, the Macarretane dam,

the Chokwe/Guija bridge and others.

Col Aurelio Manave said: "Continuing “its warrior tradition and cementing the
national unity increasingly, the population of Gaza drove back Ian Smith's
invasions and now, with the same firmness and determination, it is bent on
the elimination of armed banditry."

He also. recalled the effects of the natural disasters which have devastated
the province, specifically, the rain in 1977 and the drought, especially in
recent years, which brought enormous human and material damage. The Gaza
governor remarked that the population never hesitated in the face of these
problems and, with its combative spirit and traditional features, managed
to reduce the food crisis through the utilization of lowlying areas and the
massive use of animal hauling.

Economic Recovery

Governor Aurelio Manave also discussed the success that the province has
attained in the economic realm, especially starting with the 1983-84 campaign.
In fact, the initiation of the process of decentralizing and reorganizing
the agrarian sector into small. sized units geared.to the existing capaacities
and resources made it possible to improve the per hectare production indexes,
particularly for rice. For example, on the 12,000 hectares planted, 23,000
tons have already been harvested and it is expected that, by the end of the
harvesting a record production of 32,000 tons will be achieved.

Concurrently with the reorganization of the state sector, the family farmers
were organized in collective modes of production to utilize the abandoned or
under-utilized areas. At present, there is a total of 57 agricultural coope-
ratives operating in the province. Also noteworthy is the creation’ of small
projects in Marrambajane, Chalucuane, and Lionde, in the district of Chokwe,
and Lumane and Inhamissa, as well as the manufacture of air-pumps in the
district of Xai-Xai.

20



{Answer] Of course the case is subregional. But there is no subregional
justice system. So somebody's court system has to take care of it.

If anyone says that our court system is not credible, he must tell us why the
court system of some other country is more so.

As far as we are concerned, the case will be tried by our own methods, either
by the traditional courts or the people's courts. And there is no reason to
doubt our spirit of fairness.

[QUESTION] Is their defense guaranteed?

CAnswer] What is defense? Lawyers? The people are just as capable of
defending someone as they are of accusing him.

11798
CSO: 3419/455



amount of ore that exists and the size of the mining that it is intended to
do.

In any event, we could say that, in Mozambique at the present time, with the
current degree of knowledge, we know of the presence of large volumes of coal.
The coal reserves stand between 7 and 14 billion tons. Without a shadow of
doubt, coal is the most abundant mineral in the country and it is high

quality coal. It is a metallurgical coal that is used in steel production.

It was on coal that we did most of the geological work; this enables us to
have a certain amount of assurance of the quality and quantity of the existing
coal. That coal is located mainly in Tete Province, in Moatize, in Mucanhavusi
and in the regions adjoining Moatize.

In addition to coal, Mozambique has large pegmatite reserves for producing
rare metals, such as tantalum and niobium. It also has heavy minerals in

the coastal areas from Zambezia to Nampula (Micaunde, ‘in Zambezia, and
Angoche, in Nampula). There is production of titanium and zircon, which are
another type of metal. There are also major gold finds in the provinces
of Manica, Tete and Zambezia, and to.some extent’ in Cabo Delgado. When I
mention gold I am not talking about volumes that exist in. South Africa and
even Zimbabwe, although it could become important, but never in the dimensions
of those countries. In any event, there are sizable gold deposits in the
country.. There are large volumes of marble in Cabo Delgado, as well as Tete
Province; there are also large amounts of black granite, ‘and fluorite in
Sofala and Tete; and there are apatites in Nampula Province, for making
phosphated fertilizers. Another major deposit is natural gas, which is an
important energy resource; and not only that, but also an important raw
material for the basic ‘chemical industry. These are what occur to me now,
and they are the most important.

Cost of Research Is High

[Question] What is the foreign investment, and what are the prospects for
procuring more, in the geological research field?

[Answer] Geological research is burdensome and the state is not always in

a position to withstand those investments, “especially in the hydrocarbons
area. Large sums of money are spent on oil research and there are not always
guarantees of discovering oil.

Much of the oil research is being done in Cabo Delgado and the mouth of the
Zambeze, .with American companies,and herein the. south, with a British firm,
BP. And we are also discussing several petroleum research contracts. All
the research is done at the expense and:risk of those companies. This means
that the state does not spend money on that research.

As for the solid minerals, most of the geological research has been done at
the state's expense, using various methods for procuring financing; and it

25



STEEL PRICES RISE AS IMPORT CURBS END

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES [Business] in English 28 Jul 85 pp 1, 3

[Article by Don Robertson]

[Text]

cso:

3400/864

STEEL producers havé’

Teacted to Government

moves te free the sing
lustry by increa:

their prices.

‘Trade and Industry Minis-
ter Dawie de Villiers an-
nounced on Thursday that
quantitative import controls
on primary: steel products
would be withdrawn and re-
placed by tariffs.

Dr de Villiers said the ac-
tion was intended to encour-
age competition and price
flexibility among producers.

Below 10%

But major
among them Iscor, an-
nounced that from Friday

products would be increased.
‘The SA Rolled Stéel_Pro-
ail gh represent the nine
which re ine
steel producers, will study
the position and may take ac-
tion to enable it to face the

threat of Imports.

Iscor, whicl Supplies about
15% of South Africa's re-
quirements, was the first to
announce a price rise cover-
ing a wide range of its pro-
ducts. Price renee {itfer ae
cording to pro e
average increase is thought
to be below 10%.

Iscor and the authorities
usually agree on prices in-
crease at this time of the

year

roducers,

94

~ Coastal users

The Government move ef-
fectively abolishes price con-
trol, and steel prices will
move in accordance with
market forces without inter-

says Floors Ki
man of the ‘SA Tolled Steel
Producers Co-ordinating As-

sociation,

Bill Hayward, executive
director of the National Asso-
elation of Automotive Com-
ponent and Allied Manufac- |
turers (Naacom), says users
at the coast, such as compo-
nent and motor manufactur-
ers, will benefit most from
the freeing of imports,

Naacom is gathering im-
formation to compare the
price of SA steel and imports.

By importing steel, coastal
manufacturers will save on
double transport costs and
will no longer have to take
steel to their plants and the
finished product back to the
Reef.

However, some component
manufacturers are able to
import steel for production of
finished products and have
these regarded as local con-
tent.

Steel producers are, how-
ever, worried that profit-
ability could be affected un-
less the import tariffs are
sufficiently flexible to pre-
vent dumping, -*. .

JPRS~SSA=85+077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS*SSATM85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMERCIAL UNION EARNINGS DOWN

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Aug 85 p 12

[Article by Duncan Collings]

[Text]

The combination of a massively ad-
verse swing in underwriting results,
static investment income and higher
shareholders’ share of life. profits,
left Commercial Union’s. net earnings
53 percent down at R2,3 million in the
six months to end-June.

. Interim dividend, however, is left
unchanged at 14c.

Reflecting the adverse short-term
‘insurance climate, underwriting
showed a R2,2 million loss against a
R3,0 million profit in the same Period
last year. ote

Premium income was. up at
R53,6 million (R43,9 million), but an
increased incidence of claims for
fire, accident and marine together
with inadequate premium rating re-
sulted in the sharply worsened un-
derwriting result.

Managing director Mr Bill Ruther-
ford said that the gravity of the prob-

—

CSO: 3400/891

"Tem of inadequate ratings has beeit

87

highlighted by the depressed econom-
ic climate in which the incidence of
claims has risen sharply and the gen-
eral public has become significantly,
more claim-conscious.

“Further rate increases, however
regrettable, will be necessary and in-
evitable until underwriting gets back
into a break-even situation,” he
added.

PERFORMING WELL

In the six months investment in-'
come was fairly static at R4,8 million
versus R4,5 million, while sharehold-
ers share of life profits was well up‘
at R550 000 (R350 000). ”

The life and pensions account con-

: tinues to perform well with gross

premiums up 75 percent at R54,9 mil-'

* Hion (R31,4 million). ;

A large slice of the new business
was in immediate annuities, though:
other business was up 37 percent.



SWISS TO AID TEXTILE, TRANSPORT INDUSTRIES

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 25 Jul 85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

3400/862

THE Secretary for Fi-.

nance and Economic

Planning, Dr Kwesi
Bote! Tuesday ~

million 8:
(about eight million
jars) to Ghana.
The amount is to be

tutilised for the purchase

of spare parts, acceasorice
raw materials for the
rehabilitation of the tex-
tile industry and the
transport sector.

The amount will also
be used to purchase raw
materials for local drug

Areas in the transport
sector to benefit from the
amount are the Railways
and the State Transport
Corporation’s Saurer
trucks programme.

The agreement is
follow-up of the second

donors’ conference held
in Paris in December last

year.

Following the first do-.
nors conference in De-
cember 1983, the Swiss
Government granted
Ghana _seven million
Swiss Francs last year,
exclusively for the reha-
bilitation of the tran-
sport sector.

At the signing cere-
mony, the Swiss repre-
sentative commended
the PNDC on its practi-
cal and realistic econo-
mic policies and assured
Ghana of Switzerland’s
continued support.

-- Dr Botchwey for his
rt assured the Swiss
ment of Ghana's
‘determination to carry:
through the economic
recovery programme as &
first step to sustained
‘economic growth and de-

velopment.

JPRS*SSA~85-077
29 August 1985

GHANA



ELECTRICAL UNIONS MERGE AFTER TWO YEARS TALKS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 8 Aug 85 p 10

[Text]

cso:

3400/864

THE final decision to
merge the Electrical and
Allied Trade Union of
South Africa with the
Electrical and Allied
Workers Union of South
Africa was passed recent-
ly.
The merger means a
change in name to the
Electrical. and — Allied
Workers Trade Union of
South Africa and it con-
stitutes a combination of
the Coloured, Indian and
Black branches of the
Federation of Electrical
Trade Unions of South
Africa. ‘

Decision

Mr Tommy Oli-
phant, secretary to the
new trade union, said that
the decision to’ try and
merge the two branches
was taken two years ago
and involves workers in
electrical _ engineering,

93

! electronics, telecommuni-

cations and electrical con-

_ tracting agencies.

“We are assuming a

+ non-racial composition of

branches throughout
South Africa and we are
represented in most ma-
jor electrical industries.
The members were aware
of the decision and the
committee received an

overwhelming mandate to ,

go ahead with our plans,”
he said.

He said the new union
has more than’ 10.000
members and despite re-
trenchment and closing
down of businesses, the
membership was growing.

Mr Oliphant said the
union was trying for affili-
ation with the [nternat-
ional Metal Workers Fed-
eration (IMF) and had re-
cently returned “from a
conference in Tokyo to
discuss the possibility.

JPRS=SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



SUGAR, COAL INDUSTRIES IN SYNFUEL RACE

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES [Business] in English 28 Jul 85 p 26

[Article by Don Robertson]

[Text]

SOUTH Africa could
soon be wallowing in a
Jake of synthetic fuels.

‘The sugar industry wants
to convert its surplus into
ethanol and AECI will pre-
sent a feasibility study to the
authorities in October detail-
ing plans for a R2-billion
coal-based fuel plant.

The production of synfuel
from the Mossel Bay gas find
is being studied. Gencor,
which is still looking at the
possibility of a fuel-from-
coal plant in the Northern
Transvaal, is also investigat-
ing the extraction of ofl from
torbanite shales.

Environment

‘The chairman of the Cane
Growers Association, Tony
Ardington, says: “We advo-
cate most strongly that the
Government should make ur-
gent reparations to facili-

te the viable production of
ethanol from sugar cane in
the interests of the environ-
ment, strategic fuel sources
and the sugar industry.”

The South African Sugar
Association, which is collat-
ing the activities of cane

rowers and millers, has re-
juvenated its ethanol com-
mittee. It is studying ethanol
production.

Ethanol is said to be an
ideal replacement for tetra-
ethyl lead which is added to

‘ol to improve its octane
rating. American experiance
has shown that ethanol is
cheaper than lead and paying
for oll with high proportions
of light fractions or a more
sophisticated refining pro-

‘

98

cess.

However, the use of eth-
anol in South African fuel
would gain added impor-
tance as it would come from
a renewable resource.

More jobs

Mr Ardington says: “It is
dependent neither on forel
sources nor heavy capital in-
vestment; and more impor-
tant, ft would be labour inten-

ve.”

Peter Sale, general man-
ager of the Sugar Associ-
ation, is unable to say much
about the industry's plans be-
cause of a possible clash with
“vested interests”.

But he says the conversion
of about 200 000 tons of sugar
to ethanol would be sufficient
to meet Natal’s annual needs.
‘The sugar crop in the past
season was a record 2,3-mil-
lion tons. After meeting dom-
estic needs, there was a sur-
plus of about 1-million tons.

The proven conversion
process is not expensive in
relation to the investment in
sugar cane. Plants could be
built at each of the 16 sugar

- mills.

Efficient

AECI began its synfuel de-
velopment programme four
years ago, and is on the brink
of submitting a report to the
Government. A decision is

“expected early next year.

e process involves the
conversion of methanol to
diesel and petrol and has
been suc fully tested, us-
ing a zeolite catalysts devel-
oped by Mobil. The process

JPRS=SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


cso:

3400/851 ,

sion of support.

Both the UDF and Chief Buthe-
lezi are keenly aware of this di-
lemma.

Reform entails a process
whereby the political, social and
economic institutions and prac-
tices become acceptable to the
major communities and groups.

And genuine acceptance can
never be attained as long as the
National Party Government re-
mains determined to unilaterally
determine the pace, scope and
form of any reforms.

‘The missing link is thus the ab-
sence of inter-group co-operation
‘in the search for a new society.

The fundamental barrier to re-
form remains the powerful grip
which the National Party retains
over South Africa.

Even if we accept the reformist
bona fides of some of its leaders, it
cannot shed its inheritance. Nego-
tiation, not consultation or arbi-
trary decision-making, must be
the order of the day..

However, the prospects are not
good at present. Political parties
only seek allies when they are too
weak to rule unilaterally.

Tragedy

And the NP, enjoying a secure
foundation of white support anda
powerful police and military
pacity to contain its enemies,
not as yet need to seek allies.

Its hold on government is rela-
tively secure, although its power
to legitimise reform is inad-
equate.

The tra; edy of contemporary
politics is that a reformist NP is
an inadequate instrument for suc-
cessful reform. Yet without the
NP, reform under present circum-
stances is unthinkable.

On the one hand, it is too firmly
entrenched to be removed hy
force or by votes; on the other, it is
a captive of its legacy of hurt and
hate.

Reform will not succeed unless
a broad-based reform movement
develops which can either wrest
power from the hands of the NPor
can force it to the negotiating
table. .

And the most effective way to
accomplish this will be for the
white electorate to erode its pre-
sent strength and to force it to
seek reform-orientated allies.

A weaker, not a stronger NP, is
in the interests of all reformers,
not least, paradoxically, those
within the present Nationalist
leadership.

a

114

|



cso:

3400/864

tion (including the Algerian experi-
ence) — to insist on proceeding at
deliberate speed and with full atten-
tion to the protection of minorities. In
a word, we are asking that the West-
ern world allows us the privilege of
attempting to achieve a “soft land-
ing” in the process of decolonisation.

the light of their own bitter ex-
perience with decolonisation — to
which the Socialists were party in
office during the days of the Fourth
Republic — the French would do well
to moderate the self-righteous tone of
‘theli ¢ubtent'¢titicisrhs,""""" * ~

61



cso:

3400/818

‘ff was a good job, see-

ing to the criminals —

there were plenty, and
the. people were not
safe.” Now. though, “the
public does not really like
the police.

The Government con-
tends the attacks on Black
officers are part of a
broad strategy by opposi-
tion groups to make the
townships ungovernable,
and the Blacks are the
ims.

“People are under the
impression that there is a
Black-White — confronta-
tion going on, but... . at
least 90 percent of the
people are completely
distancing themselves
from the violence”. Col
Mellet said.

He maintains the situa-
tion is changing. “People
are coming fotward. We
have arrested many of
those responsible. Most
Blacks want to live a nor-
mal life, where essential
services are not dis-
rupted.

67



JPRS~SSA=85~077
29 August 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

MACHAVA COOPERATIVISTS SALUTE PARTY LEADERS

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 6 Jul 85 p 1

(Text) A delegation of members of the 7 April and Julius Nyerere
cooperatives, located in the zone of Machava, was received yes-
terday by Jorge Rebelo, member of the Political Bureau and first
secretary of the city of Maputo, to whom they voiced their
satisfaction at the support which the FRELIMO Party had pro-
vided for the development of the productive activity. In

their conversation with the party and government leader, some
problems were identified which affect the two cooperatives

and alternatives for solving several of them were noted.

The audience took place in the headquarters of the City Committee. Teresa
Jamisse, president of the 7 April Cooperative, presented a message from the
cooperative members, praising the highest leader of the party, President Samora
Machel, for the wisdom and dynamism with which he has led the Mozambican people.
The cooperativists also praised the success of the commemorations of the 10th
anniversary of national independence in the capital.

“We, the members of the 7 April Cooperative, have come to thank the party for.
its efforts to insure that the 10th anniversary festivities would be a success,"
said the message from the cooperative members.

In turn, the party first secretary in the city of Maputo praised the gesture
of the cooperativiste, declaring that it demonstrated their engagement in the
task of consolidating national independence through the development of the
cooperative movement, to combat the speculation observed in the Maputo city

markets.

During the meeting, the cooperativists told the first secretary about the various
problems they face in agricultural production, from the lack of a team of oxen
and chicken feed to the lack of transportation to distribute their produce.

In the ensuing dialogue with the first secretary, some alternative solutions
were noted for some of the problems,

Present at the meeting were Cristina Tembe, secretary of the Organization of

Mozambican Women in the city of Maputo, officials of party structures in Urban
District No 7 and representatives of the cooperatives,

12



JPRS~SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PLUNGE IN GOLD SHARE, OTHER PRICES ASSESSED
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 29 Jul 85 p 6

(Editorial: "Will the Slide Go 0n?"]

ing to want to know this morning is

whether the plunge in gold share and

other prices towards the end of last
week is showing signs of continuing.

For once it is unlikely to be mainly the
price of gold to which they will turn for
guidance. Nor will it be the level of township
violence as much as developments in the
diplomatic wrangle.

Fortunately, diplomats don’t move mar-
kets for long. Nor for that matter do clergy-
men. But the plain fact is that considering
the noise being made in diplomatic circles,
among clergymen, in foreign newspapers
and on television abroad about the state of
affairs here, the reduction in the prices of
gold and other shares, while unnerving,
should not be regarded as a disaster.

The stock market has not “collapsed” as
one.of the Sunday funnies said in Johannes-
burg yesterday nor has the experience been
“traumatic”. But if it had been, the newspa-

was wrong to add that this should “not
‘be interpreted too pessimistically.”
+ What happened last week was largely an
over-reaction by local importers who ex-
pected the rand cost of their goods to soar.
But while the rand did weaken it recovered
some although not all of its value before
the markets closed on Friday.

The switching of American gold share
holdings into Australian and Canadian golds-
had begun before last week — when it gath-
ered pace — and is unlikely to be permanent
once it becomes clear anarchy does not
prevail here and as gold share price yields
there tumble. 2

[Text] T: first thing that businessmen are go-

95



JPRS~SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

CABO DELGADO POPULATION RECEIVES WEAPONS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 20 Jun 85 pl

[Text] This month, the population of the district of Quissanga, in Cabo Delgado,
received weapons to defend the fatherland from the criminal acts perpetrated by
the armed bandits, and is also conducting a politico-military training campaign
for its increased involvement in the region's defense. In’Meluco district,

the students at the Muaguide Pilot Center requested weapons and donated 6,000
meticals to reinforce the defense capacity.

The delivery of weapons to the Quissanga population was carried out by the
national defense minister and director of Cabo Delgado Province, Army Gen
Alberto Chipande, during a people's rally.

At this ceremony which, moreover, constituted a gesture of determination on
the part of the population of Quissanga district against the atrocities of

the armed bandits, emphasis was placed on the major role that every individual
must play to combat the armed banditry, a fundamental factor in’ executing the
socioeconomic programs.

The Army general noted that the heightening of the people's vigilance should be
evident in the population's everyday activity, so as to neutralize each and
every act of the armed bandits.

The director of Cabo Delgado Province was on a visit to the districts of Quissan-
ga, Meluco, Ancuabe and Pemba, including several communal villages, to become
informed of the problems being confronted there.

At the Muaguide Pilot Center in Meluco, the students made an appeal to General
Chipande to give them weapons, so that they might organize for their self-defense
against the atrocities of the armed handits. They donated a.sum of. 6,000
meticals to reinforce our country's defense capacity.

The students from this center explained to the director of -Cabo Delgado Province
that they are beset by problems involving a lack of teaching materials, clothing

and footwear.
/

An important point is that the Army general congratulated the districts that he
visited for having fulfilled the planned marketing goals.” In the districts of

17



JPRS~SSA~85°077
29 August 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

RICE MARKETING FIGURES IN CHOKWE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 10 Jul 85 p 10

[Text] AGRICOM [Agricultural Products Marketing Company]
purchased 5,000 tons of rice from the state sector in the Chokwe
District during the 1983/1984 agricultural marketing campaign,
Pedro Afonso Matusse, chief of the agricultural marketing sector
and of the green zones in the city of Chokwe, reported a few
days ago.

The official added that, in the same campaign, AGRICOM purchased 40 tons of
corn from the state sector, while the cooperative, family and private sectors
sold a total of 95 tons of rice, 49 tons of corn, 20 tons of “mafurra," 11
tons of butter beans and several tons of peanuts, castor beans and “nhemba"
beans.

There are limited quantities of some products, such as peanuts, a crop which
the chief of the marketing sector said is quite acceptable for various zones
in the district; the major factor affecting the poor production in the last
campaign was that the seed arrived late. The family sector, which has guaran~
teed a supply for marketing, had no surplus to trade.

“The 875 kilograms of peanuts which AGRICOM purchased in the last campaign

came from the Lionde Seed Company, which is also devoted to peanut production.
However, that production was quite limited last year because the planting was
out of season," noted Pedro Matusse. He added that, in the next campaign,
every effort must be made to plant strictly in season, because production levels
depend basically on this factor.

Giving an accounting of the performance in each sector, Pedro Matusse said

that the bulk of the products marketed during the past campaign came from the
family sector. "I can say that, to date, in our district the family sector

has guaranteed a marketable surplus of several crops, because we have focused
our attention on the family sector. The cooperative and state sectors must ~
first satisfy the needs of their workers, hence the family sector is predominant
in marketing," he stressed.

Regarding the 1984/1985 campaign, the chief of the marketing sector said that,
based on the experience of the previous campaign, several permanent trading
posts were established in the local areas, operated by some merchants and consumer

cooperatives.

46



STANDARD WARNING ON REDUCING INFLATION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 8 Aug 85 p 21

[Article by Madden Cole]

[Text]

SOUTH AFRICA
possibly now has its
last chance to mean-
ingfully reduce infla-
tion and — decisions
taken in the next 12
months will result in it
becoming a relatively
low inflation country
or one which parallels
most developing coun-
tries, says. the latest
edition of the Standard
Bank Review.

Pointing out that even
with the severity of the
circumstances in the dom-
estic sector of the econ-
omy it would be unwise to
attempt deficit spending
as a means of economic
stimulation,’ the review
suggests other options be
explored.

It suggests that one op-
tion, a cut in GST, poten-
tially a significant supply-
side stimulant, can now
be considered.

Substantial surpluses of
the Government’s tax
také relative’ to amounts
actually budgeted for.
makes a’ move of this
nature not only possible
but also desireable, the
review says.

All indications point to
overall Government rev-
enue at present tax rates

91

being comfortably above
the amount budgeted for
the full year.

A reduction of GST to
10 percent, which woutd
cost the Exchequer ap-
proximately R120-million
a month, would not only
immediately benefit per-
sonal expenditure, there-
by boosting economic ac-
tivity, but would also
have a beneficial effect on
the Consumer Price In-
dex, the report says.

Another option which
how hinges on the recov-
éty of the tand is a cut in
the fuel price. In January
the Government had indi-
cated that oil companies
would break even at an
exchange rate of 46 US
cents to the rand and with
the softening of the dollar
oil prices, this break-even
point must be lower now,
the review says.

The review points out
that if credit lines of inter-
national banks were to be
significantly curtailed,
South Africa would be
placed in a serious situa-
tion as it cannot pay in
‘one year a net $12-billion
of maturing credits.

Although the Reserve
Bank is able to mount
gold swops and is in a pos-

JPRS~SSA*85~077
29 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


largest exporters of tantalum in the world, followed later by titanium,
fluorite, graphite (we have large'volumes of graphite in Cabo Delgado),
gold and precious gems.

[Question] Are experiments with coal liquefaction being considered?

[Answer] We are not considering it because coal liquefaction (and there are
new technologies now) costs billions of dollars. When we talk about large
and small projects, something that we must avoid is discussing projects that
are not practicable. And, at the present time, coal liquefaction is not
practicable, because it represents an extremely large investment.. Before

we arrive at coal liquefaction, we’ must first undertake natural gas liquefac—
tion, in order to procure diesel and gasoline. Even this project is extreme-
ly burdensome, and we are considering this, because it would mean ‘building
castles ‘in the air without a secure foundation.

We already have a major program, namely, that of coal, involving about $700
million. We think that, actually, this major project, being executed with
many small projects from one day to the next, will nearly deplete our capacity
entirely. We intend first to get the coal project in operation, and at that —
time we shall consider another major project, which may be the one for natural
gas, before the coal liquefaction.

2909
cso: | 3442/354

29



JPRS“SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

ZIMBABWE

WORKSHOP TO FOCUS ON WOOD HARVESTING
Harare THE HERALD in English 25 Jul 85 "Business Herald" supplement p 1
[Article by Andrew Rusinga]

[Text] FINLAND'S Forestry Training Programme and the Food and Agriculture
Organisation are sponsoring a workshop on wood harvesting and appropriate
technologies for village forestry to be held in Harare in mid-1986.

A preparatory mission is already in Zimbabwe to make arrangements for the
workshop to be attended by participants from throughout Africa.

The FP is a department of the Finnish Board of Vocational and Technical
Education and it runs an international training programme for forestry and
wood industry development in selected developing countries.

The workshop will form part of Finland's’ growing co-operation with Zimbabwe in
forestry. A number of Zimbabweans have been trained in Finnish forestry
institutions and a number of courses have been held in Zimbabwe.

The international workshop on forestry curriculum development which opened in
Mutare on Monday is being sponsored by Finland.

Speaking at the annual general meeting of the Timber Council of Zimbabwe in
Harare last week, the Finnish trade commissioner in zimbabwe, Mr Matti
Hyvarinen, said Finland hoped to continue and increase its co-operation in the
forestry training sector.

He promised the private sector that soft loans would be provided to the sector
under his country's assistance programme with Zimbabwe to import machinery.

“At the moment -we have no money available, but I do sincerely hope that in
1986 we shall be able to sign the 4th developmetn credit between our two
governments."

Mr Hyvarinen said:he had earmarked the needs of the Forestry Commission in the
preliminary plans for next year and that "we are most willing to offer our
-equipment to the private sector and depending on availability of new funds and
the decision by the Zimbabwe authorities, we hope that we could be in business
together in 1986," he told the meeting.

129



Later, the members of the 7 April and Julius Nyerere cooperatives presented
Jorege Rebelo with a check in the amount of 15,000 meticals, as a contribution
to the nation's defense capability. They also donated a large quantity of
farm produce in honor of the success of the 10th anniversary of national
independence, particularly the celebration in the nation's capital.

6362
CSO: 3442/352

13



MILITARY CRASHES CONTINUE

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 19 Jul 85 p 1

[Text]

Helicopter Crashes Near Ibadan

NIGERIAN military

helicopter crashed
into the River Benue last
Tuesday. It was three days
after a Jaguar jet fighter
crashed at Ikereku/Iwere
Village near tbadan in Oyo
State.

Reliable sources said that
‘one of the two passengers
of the helicopter was
rescued by a fisherman, Mr.
Andrew lyiyon of ljoya
Village, near Makurdi.

Mr. lyiyon took the
rescued military officer to
the Township Police Sta-
tion, Makurdi at 6.25 p.m.
on Tuesday from where he
was rushed to the Nigerian
Air Force base for medical

treatment.

The source said that up
till last night a rescue teary
led by Flight Lt, Madi had
not traced the crashed heli-
copter and its other
‘occupant.

Meanwhile, airtorce offi-
cers and the Marine Police
have continued to search
for the helicopter and its
other occupant.

The mission of the heli-
copter before it crashed
was not immediately
known.

When contacted, the
state police public relations
officer, Mr. Michael Nwo-
sisi, declined comments.

Trainer Crashes in Kagara

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 19 Jul 85 p 1

[Text]

military tfainer plane on

Wednesday crash-

landed in kagara Town
Niger State.

Reports from Minna yes-
terday indicated that the
plane nose-dived on the
premises of the Govern-
ment Science Cotleue,
Kagara, while on a routine
flight.

The pilot escaped with
some minor injuries but the
plane was said to have been
seriously damaged.

The pilot who was the
‘oniy one aboard refused to
speak to anxious enquirers.

57

JPRS“SSA*85~077
29 August 1985

NIGERIA



IJPRS“SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

ZIMBABWE

SEMINAR ON ROLE OF SOCIALIST BOOKS
Harare THE HERALD in English 25 Jul 85 p 16

[Text] A TWO-DAY seminar on the role of socialist and progressive books and
magazines in the transformation of Zimbabwe to a socialist-oriented state will
be held in Harare on August 1 and 2.

The seminar, organised by Grassroots Books in conjunction with the Department
of Commissariat and Culture of Zanu (PF), is believed to be the first such
seminar to be held in Central Africa, a statement issued by Grassroots Books

said yesterday.

The Zanu (PF) secretary for the Commissariat and Culture, Dr Herbert
Ushewokunze, will present a paper at the seminar dealing with the role of the
revolutionary democratic party in the dissemination of socialist ideology
through the medium of books and magazines.

Among the speakers at the seminar are: Dr Emmanuel Ngara, a well-known liter-
ary critic and author; Dr Pfukati, deputy principal of Morgan Zintec Teachers’
College; and Cde Kempton Makamure, a lecturer in law at the University of

Zimbabwe.

The seminar is open to the public. Invited guests include librarians,
authors, journalists, publishers, teachers, Zanu (PF) political commissars and
Government officials from several ministries.

cso: 3400/819

126



He said it was a burning question whether the government should issue blacks
with emergency travel documents on the strength of which they could regard
themselves as South African citizens, which they might not be.

Mr Van Zyl.said that if the problem of citizenship could be sorted out, South
African blacks and whites might be issued with uniform identity books from
July 1 next year.

Mr Louw asked Mr Van Zyl and Mr J. Nel of the Department of Coopration and
Development. whether. they could not find a temporary solution to cut red-tape
and help farmers who employed blacks. . bee

Mr Nel said he wrote hundreds of temporary letters giving people. permission to.
cross the border, but this was allowed only once.

A local undertaker, Mr. Edric Russel, said the real problem was that most
blacks in Queenstown were born here and were refused foreign citizenship.

He said problems were experienced on the South African side and not the Trans-
keian or Ciskeian sides of the border posts.

“Surely you can allow someone to cross if he has a reference book, especially
if he is driving his employer's vehicle or is accompanied by his employer," he
said to applause.

He said he did not want:to antagonise blacks by sacking them because they
could not get documents.

Mr Van Zyl said he and Mr:Stap would take things further and see if a solution
could be found in the shortest possible time.

Mr Stap said an average of 8 000 people a day crossed the Bongolo post in the
first two weeks of July.

cso: 3400/838

110



cso:

3400/851

themes such as “We are sol-

diers for Mandela”.

You realise that nothing
but a really dramatic ges-
ture, such as the uncondition-
al release of Nelson Mandela,
will halt this growing radi-
calisation and ward off a vio-
lent and bloody confronta-
tion.

Al the same time you take
heart at the fact that neither
the speakers nor the audi
ence show any anti-white
sentiments.

You marvel at the way a

rely white Black Sash and
its eight-woman delegation
are received with open arms,

God

You realise that recon-
ciliation is possible.

You take courage from the
‘way numerous speakers pro-
fess their belief in Christian-

ty.

‘You take heart at the way
40000 voices agree loudly
when Allan Boesak and
Beyers Naude state that God
is the real supporter and lib-
erator of the oppressed.

‘You remember the in-
credibly moving prayers you
heard the previous night dur-
ing the all-night vigils at the
homes of the widows.

As you, as a lone — not

112

“Yonely — white, make your

way through the thonsands of
mourners thronging the
streets of Lingelihle, you
know that the announcement
of a State of Emergency
would drive these black
South Africans, united in
their desire for total free-
dom, merely further along
the road towards confronta-
tion.

Commitment

As you leave Cradock you
know that yout will never for-
get the anger, the total com-
mitment to liberation — even
by violent means should
peaceful methods fail.

Although they, may, not
win, you know that the whites
will definitely lose.

But you also remember the
incredible warmth liberally
shown towards those who
have identified themselves
with the struggle for an -
equal, nonracial and just
South Africa.

While the person serving at
a roadhouse outside Cradock
comments on the way the fu-
neral has increased her busi-
ness, you hope not all white
South Africans will be as un-
touched by this event.

‘One can out hope!



ZIMBABWE

Seminar on Role of Socialist Books

(THE HERALD, 25 Jul 85)....

Egypt Plans To Diversify Trade

(THE HERALD, 25 Jul 85)..

Progress Makes Industrialists More Optimistic
(THE HERALD, 26 Jul 85)....

Workshop To Focus on Wood Harvesting
(Andrew Rusinga; THE HERALD, 25 Jul 85) cee eeeccceesssceeee

Briefs

Wood Pulp Exports
Maize Imports Halted
Budget Hailed as Fair

126

127

128

129

131
131
131


cso:

If the bank continues to make ©

significant dollar purchases it
will add to the cash base of
the banking system, -and this
could arrest the recent improve-
ment in the trend of the mone-
tary aggregates.

‘he authorities are aware of

this danger, and the obvious re-

sponse would be to conduct
more vigorous open market op-
erations. £

In this respect, however, there. -

are practical difficulties. The
Treasury may be reluctant to
issue ‘more government stocks
for sale, because the fiscal posi-
tion has improved. :

3400/891

.. More stock sales lead to a rise
in interest payments on the gov-
ernment debt, which augments
the budget deficit before bor-
rowing.
~ Any higher balances on the
stabilisation account may face
the Treasury with pew
pressures to spend more money.
There is one source of
pressure which could induce the
Treasury to issue more paper if
this appears justified -for rea-
sons of monetary control. It still
faces substantial commitments
to reimburse the Reserve Bank
for losses the latter sustained

recently. onforward: exchange
account. .

89



JPRS*SSA~85~077
29 August 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

ZAMBEZIA PROVINCE DECREASES IMPORTED FISH CONSUMPTION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 9 Jul 85 p 2

[Text] During the past 6 years, the consumption of imported fish has declined
nearly 7 percent in Zambezia Province. In fact, during the 1984 campaign, it
dropped from an estimated volume of 27 percent of the total amount of fish
imported for the entire country to 20 percent.

This considerable reduction in imported fish consumption resulted from improved
utilizationof the native fleet's fish catching capacity.’ In Zambezia, there
are two major enterprises catching fish, although their main activity is shrimp
catching. Until quite recently, these enterprises (Efripel, with. Japanese
participation, and the state enterprise, EMOPESCA) controlled 23 vessels.

During the period from 1979 to 1984, the distribution of fish rose from 300 to
1,500 tons, an amount considered to be moderate when such other products as
beef, eggs and chicken were on the market. But the rise in the indexes of fish
delivered by the two enterprises ‘to PESCOM and in what this enterprise was able
to add from the marketing at various. stations scattered along the coast caused
the supplies per inhabitant to improve significantly.

However, there were situations which assumed importance starting in 1982. One
of them was the backing which the enterprises were requested at that time to
lend to small-scale fishing, because the need for improving the supply of
fish for the population was becoming greater.

Although some measures were introduced, specifically, to provide fishing equip-
ment to other sectors participating in the production process, with a view
toward improving the fish supply, some fishermen chose later to sell the fish
in the locations that best suited them: It is precisely for this reason that
the figures currently reached. in distribution are not the most accurate, inas-
much as the system also involves the black market.

Nevertheless, it is known that the value of the merchandise delivered for
barter at the fish marketing stations has increased greatly during recent
years. At the beginning of this year alone, 2,000 contos were spent on goods
for marketing in Sopinho, Gazelas and other marketing stations.

34



metrically opposed points of view, with
both yielding no ground and with argu-
ments often verging on the personal, at-

tacking philosophies, rather than consid- .

ering what is pragmatic and practical.

Human wants to try to eliminate this in
the future — not that he will discourage
debate, He wants debate and discussion
and differences of opinion, but he wants
these to be based on facts, not theories.

Facts he wants to flow into the council
from every possible source — from the
members themselves, from the specialist
sub-committee, and from the different
agencies which are in existence, such as
the Manpower Commission when unem-
ploymen is being discussed, or from the

Zconomic Advisory Service, the CSIR and
others.

Human stresses that he wants an input
to the council to come from organisations
such as the Afrikaanse Handelsinstituut,
‘Assocom, the FCI and Seifsa. Although
they do not have direct representation on
the EAC, they have members on the coun-
cil and through these members they must
express their viewpoints.

‘hese organisations have a grassroots
feel about what is happening throughout
the country and their resources are in-
valuable. Human hopes that they will
overcome any resentment they might feel
about losing their direct representation
and will make a contribution to the work
of the council. In any case he hopes that
their knowledge and experience will be
available to the economic sub-committee
when it is convened.

Undertaking the chairmanship of the
EAC will be a tremendous responsibility
because his leadership will determine the
profile of the council and the direction

which it will take. He proposes to adopt a

CSO:

completely pragmatic approach. The na-
ture and the parameters ofa problem will

3400/864

121

have to be laid before the council which
will then have to try to find and determine
practical solutions, short-term. and long-
erm.

“We must not lose sight of the fact that
the State President is a great pragmatist
and we will have to dovetail our work and
our findings with his philosophy.”

Ambivalent

Human was a little ambivalent when
asked whether he thought that the loss of
the inter-face between the private sector
and the public sector — which was an
important side-benefit of the former EAC
— would diminish relationships between
the two sectors.

He agreed that the coming together at
FAC meetings was useful and at times
fruitful, but he added that AHI, Assocom
and FCI frequently met top public ser-
vants who also attended the annual con-
gresses of these organisations.

He gave the impression, throughout the
interview, that he wanted to make the new
EAC work effectively for the good of the
country. He admitted that it was.a new
undertaking for him and that he would
have to find his way and, having found it,
Jead the council forward.

He stressed again and again that the
EAC would not be effective if it were an
ivory tower structure, detached and re-
mote. To work towards any practical pur-

jose, the EAC would need the practical
elp and co-operation of organised com-
merce and industry agriculture, and all
the other financial and trade associations.

He stressed that he was on a learning
curve and that he would appreciate ant
assistance that would enable him to reac!
his goal — of making the EAC play an
effective role in the affairs of the country.



CSO:

3400/864

The important thing is that the interna-
tional price of the rand took the strain of
these developments, enabling the economy
to adjust to changed circumstances without
a significant loss of reserves.

The rand may well decline again this

“morning if selling on the stock market con-

tinues and because it takes some days for
last week’s transactions to be settled. But at
somé lower price, that process will automa-
tically be reversed as buyers perceive the
price equating the risk.

Nor is all this occuring against a back-
ground of economic weakness. The current
account of the balance of payments is
strong.

There are some political and diplomatic
arguments that could still depress the rand.
But there are, in our opinion, stronger eco-
nomic ones that its value should at worst be
maintained if not improved. So it is very
important now that sensible economic poli-
cies continue to be applied here.

There are also welcome signs that the
unrest is beginning to subside. Of course, it
may not continue to do so and what the
authorities are pleased to call “normality”
may not be sustainable. But the important
thing is that progress is being made that
should enable a return to the path of reform.

How long it will take to persuade foreign
investors to return is anyone’s guess. Our
view is that it could be relatively soon,
provided apartheid does not once more be-
come a political highlight in the United
States. Perhaps, therefore, some diplomatic
restraint from Pretoria could in the weeks
ahead actually be measured in terms of
rands and cents.

96



JPRS~SSA*85~077
29 August 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

CHANGARA FARMERS USE LOWLANDS TO SURMOUNT DROUGHT PROBLEM
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 10 Jul 85 p 8
{Article by Alfredo Macaringue]

[Text] By farming the lowlands bathed by the Mazoi River,

the inhabitants of Changara District, Tete Province, have found
the solution to the serious food crisis which they were
experiencing. The system of "sweeps" [water-raising devices]
has been expanded in these areas, to irrigate the land with
river water. "The fact is that today people are no longer
dying of starvation," Benjamim Afonso, administrator of the
Ntimanga locality, told us, speaking of the current situation
in that region.

The use of the sweeps and farming the lowlands has already ,begun to bear fruit.
Soon after the severe food shortage, the residents of Changara organized pro~
duction cooperatives, without detriment, however, to the family sector. "Thus,"
said Benjamim Afonso, “it was possible for each cooperative in the Ntimangau
locality to harvest, in a first planting, 1 to 2 hectares of dwarf 'mapira,‘

one of the principal drought-resistant crops."

As in other districts or localities which we visited, the family sector is
recording the largest harvests.

Although the drought situation has eased somewhat, it still persists. According
to the administrator, "until the rains come, the only recourse is to farm the
lowlands."

As he reportedto this newspaper, at this time an intensive effort is underway

in Ntimangau to mobilize the inhabitants to join agricultural production coopera~
tives; At the same time, new communal villages are being formed; we note that
this locale has 7 settlements with an average of 340 families apiece, for
example, the Communal Village of Kapimbe. .

Returning After Drought
Changara District is’ located about 100 kilometers from the Tete Province capital.

Thousands’ of people died here as a result of the severe famine which occurred
in 1983.

37