DEPARTMENT ~ : -| WHITES BLACKS ° INDIANS COLOUREDS
Agricultural Economics: we pean,
(Professional staff) ~ 1738 7 rs. a7 -
(Labourers) .. 194 +7635 9 106
Auditor General 386 an 3 8
Bureau for Information 309 4 4 18
Central Economic Advisory ..
Service 25 0 0 0
Central 524 228 1 0
Commission for Administratior . 720 27 1 3
Constitutional Development < ‘ . .
and Planning .. 871 579. 4s 0
Development Ai : 7) ae 0 0
Education and Training “81405 0 37
Environmental Affairs 410, 4 205
Finance ... ede 20° 3
Foreign Affairs 37 4 6
Government Printei 0 o (0
Justice .... : 1113 4 93
Home Affairs © 383: 24 Soe
Manpower . 258. S 135 152
Mineral and Energy Affairs: eek
(Professional staff) ;. ve ey I? v0! 5
(Labourers)... = a) 127. m') 4
National Education .. "2 495 30 7 1,
National Health and Population cee
Development 8 194 13.385 910 2.296
26938... 16976 1944 3142
54968 ~~ 29032" 2070 10635
President's Office fe ty eae o 9
Prisons .. 10 159 6800 72 2190
Public Works: . : 5
(Professional staff) . 4.042 153 8 98
(Labourers) .... 446 5712 85 2145
SA Transport Services (101 124 100850: 1.889 17.204
Trade and Industrie: “9831 69 an) li
Transport...» 2226 6 ssi"! 39 ) 16
Water Affairs .. (3087, 807 26 2177 °
THE above table has been The above figures also do not
compiled from data supplied in include the provincial govern-
Parliament by various minis-
tries. It is not possible to give a erally much the s e) or the
total of the number of people of © predominantly black public
the different-race groups em- sector in the national states.
ployed by the State as some “a :
departments such as Defence The staff structures of the
and the National Intelligence own affairs administrations are |
Service do not supply figures not included in the table, which |:
and the definition of a public. -deals only with general affairs |,
servant varies. -* : administrations.
19274
cso: 3400/1918

56



for so long been victims of. lack of
democracy that they regard anything but
collective conformity to a line with:
suspicion. When groups which share many
of the same aims do speak up in debate,
suspicion arises. But the NF does not
believe in a one-party approach; its
genesis and basis is non-sectarian.

What is your evidence for these
criticisma of the UDF?

A major recent instance: the NF, the
Azanian People's Organisation (AZAPO)
and various student, community and
educational bodies' representatives
initiated the preliminary meeting on 11
December which resulted in the Wits
education crisis conference at the end
of December last year. . .

In trying te co-operate with UDE
bodies there, we found throughout that,
when it came to the question of
organisational representation, non-UDF
bodies were under pressure: our numbers
of delegates wor vreded, decisions were
taken in our absence without our being
notified of the meetings, and in one
case when a meeting was called, none of
the UDF organisations showed up. At
Wits, motions already passed had their
wording quietly altered. Continual
violations of even formal democracy were
constant in an effort to control and
exclude any but UDF intereste.

The Easter national forum resolved to
attend the NECC meeting collectively to
present our objections - but when we
learned that delegates had been attacked
by Inkatha impis, we changed our minds
and stated our solidarity instead, since
we did not want our challenge to be
identified with Inkatha's attack.

If your accusations about UDF practices
are accurate, why should an outsider not
see NF and UDF leadership as
intellectual groups competing for
constituencies and power?

Our tendencies are very different from
those of the UDF. We reject the coercive

22.

conformity of much of the UDF's
practice, and base ourselves on the
right to review and criticise. We feel
it is positive, for instance, that the
Azanian Manifesto may be changed and
developed, rather than remaining rigidly
static.

Other than rhetorically, How does the NF
differ from the UDF?

Our practice is essentially different:
it is socialist in principle. Full
democratic participation in all joint
decisions is basic. That is why we hold
the regular forums. And the right to
criticise leadership is inherent ~
something the UDF claims but does not
permit. We have no secret cabals which
take decisions behind closed doors to
impose on constituencies, as they do.

The NF central structure does not
intervene in the activities of its local
organisations in the way the UDF top
hierarchy does. We supported the
national May Day call because we were
asked by our constituents to do so, but
regional programmes will differ as local
organisations decide. We believe that
local organisations need to be
strengthened in their operations rather
than weakened by dominance from the
centre.

The NF central structure is designed
to provide theoretical input, to enable
analytical conclusions to be hammered
out and agreement reached on minimum
programmes for local organisations to
undertake. If representatives of NF
constituent organisations cannot agree
on policy at a forum, the issue will
fall away, though this has not happened
to date. We take concerted action only
when consensus has been reached. Our
detractors often refer to us as a loose
alliance, meaning an insignificant one.
But we are loose only in the sense that
we are democratic.

Our decisions are taken in open public
debate. At the last forum, for example,
we agreed to discuss the national
crisis, and local groups put forward



NOTE

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are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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JPRS=SSA~86~070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

POLICE RECRUITING PROFESSIONALS--The police force is now attracting profession-
al men-~school teachers and young men straight from university with degrees to
their credit. Colonel Morgan Chetty, Officer Commanding the Police Training
College in Wentworth, Durban, confirmed the "very professional outlook" taken
on in recent years by the police force. "Our training methods are continuous—
ly being changed to meet everyday demands," he said. This was a good sign,
said the colonel, for there was a time when the police force was looked down
upon by some people. It is also in sharp contrast to the early days when
people were recruited to the police force with very little education. These
men had to continue with their studies while they worked to improve their

rank and status. He said: "Today, we find we've undergone a dramatic change.
Higher standards have been set, and it is no easy matter today to get into

the police force. “Now we demand people with at least a matric certificate.

We also encourage our men to study and improve their qualifications." [Excerpt]
[Durban POST NATAL in English 4-7 Jun 86 p 7] /9274

NEW TOWNSHIP FOR INDIANS--Offering middle-income group Indian families a whole
new environment rather than just a roof over their heads is Dawn Crest, a new
township on the Natal North Coast. Financed and managed by NBS Developments,
Dawn Crest covers 25 hectares of countryside, and the majority of the 188 plots
are positioned to give panoramic views of rolling reen hills and sea. Designed
by architects, the township offers a range of practically~styled two- and three-
bedroomed units. Both plots and houses are designed to offer opportunities for
future extensions, so the home a young family buys can grow with them. Built
by Derreg General Contracts and Jenroy Construction, the two-bedroomed homes
cost around R53,000, while the larger three-bedroomed houses range from R63,000.
NBS Developments manager Tony Mackey says: "We have already sold 50 homes,

and demand is growing daily. I am confident Dawn Crest will be sold out by
March." A show day is to be held at Dawn Crest on Saturday and Sunday from

2 pmto 5 pm. ‘Yo get there, take the R102 highway to Verulam. Turn left at
the intersection which has a yield sign and follow the road. Turn left again
into Mountview Road. Dawn Crest is 1.5 km along Mountview Road. [Text]

[Durban POST NATAL in English 4-7 Jun 86 p 7] /9274

DURBAN BUSINESSMAN HELPS MOZAMBIQUE--About R250,000 worth of food is being

collected by Durban businessman, Mr Mohammed Ali Ismail, for distribution to
the drought-ravaged areas of Mozambique. He urged locals this week to con-
tribute to his crusade to bring relief to large numbers of people. He said

65



POLITICS, ECONOMICS LEAVE NATION'S SEA ROUTES IN DOLDRUMS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 30 May 86 p 16

{Article by David Furlonger]

[Text ]

THE SA sealanes were once &
fusrantecd moneyspinner for
e world’s shipping lines — but
no longer. Ft
Political pressures and the
weakening rand have so disrupt-
ed SA’s traditional trading pat- ;
terns that today it is a brave
shipowner who sinks his money
into carrying gootls to and
this country. Se
Latest official figures show
that in February this year, only -
568 431 tons of cargo were land-
ed at SA’s seven major seaports
— the lowest total since Feb
ary 1977. . °
Outgoing cargoes of 5,56-mil- ©
lion tons were the lowest since }
April 1984. Total cargo handled *
at the seven ports — Richards -
Bay, Durban, East London, PE,
Mossel Bay, Cape Town and Sal- -:
danha Bay — was. 6,13-million.
tons, the lowest since July 1983,
Starved of cargoes, shipping”
lines are being forced to Bopt °
drastic measures. US Lii ay
member of the SA-US Confer- '
ence consortium, has abandoned
loss-making direct sailings be-
tween the two countries in fa-
vour of a trans-shipment service
via Europe. :
Safmarine, while maintaining :
a reduced direct service, is :
sending many of its US cargoes
on the European dogleg route.
“ Members of the European -

>

Conference '— SA-Fuirope Con-TM*
tainer Services (Saecs) — are
ly expressing doubt about

e future of the Freight *.

nt: (OFA), which gov-

terns sea trade between SA and

i: Saecs’ European members |

have become disenchanted with |

the agreement and sources say:;
ithey are unlikely to press for its

renewal when it expires in 1991. -

Ys its part of the ‘1977 agree-
ment, designed to guarantee a
“shipping service committed to,
the SA route, government guar-.
‘antees to send its cargoes on,
‘Conference vessels and to “en-

courage” parastatals. to do the

same." woh a
“In ‘return, Conference lines: *
‘are limited to 12,5% return on

investment in ships, and 10,5%

in cargoes. In effect, they are :
‘receiving little or no return on
‘investment. By 1984, returns “
‘were down to 2% and this year “
some lines fear they may re-
‘eeive no return. :

|” ‘They single out two chief ob- »
istacles — the weak rand, which
has distorted cargo volumes by ©
encouraging SA exports and dis- °
4couraging “imports; « and“ the’
presence of non-Conference ser-.:
‘vices on the route, both because ~
they attract up to 20% of car-
goes and because their lower
rates force the Conference. to
charge what they consider un-

76

JPRS+SSA~86~070

8 July 1986

DUULTH AFKLCA

economic rates‘ in” order. to °

maintain market share.
They also claim government

is not doing enough to encourage
‘ parastatals such as SA Trans-

: port Services (Sats), or business ~

eneral, to use Conference

facilities.

' Many lines face replacement '

of their present fleets during the
1990s, and local Saecs chairmay
j Neil Sempill predicts sone
| European members of the con-
| sortium might be unwilling to
jreinvest.
| “The OFA is unlikely to be

: renewed in its present form giv-.

| en the current state of the ship-
t ping market. Lines may decide

to go for ships less dedicated to’:

; the South African trade and pre-
| fer to remain flexible in order to
\:take ships out-when needed.”
The result would be a deplet-
‘ed cargo shipping fleet commit-
ted to the SA route — a danger-
}ous option for a country reliant
on sea trade. -'.
Safmarine Senior GM Ton
: Farr, whose line carries an esti-
‘mated 40% of Conference! car-
goes to and from Europe, says it
too early to speculate on the
“fate of the OFA. However, he
| adds that if fellow lines should
“review their SA commitment
and the freight market continue
iits decline, Safmarine could
' swallow a large part of the mar-


JPRS“SSA*86+0/0
8 July 1986

TANZANIA

GOLD MINING COMPANY PLANS REPAIRS TO RAISE PRODUCTION

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 28 May 86 p 5

[Text ] renee oe = vino
next two years, for the’ purpose

ai ee ars € second.” put: at” 60m/-

» THE Buckreet gold mining com-. entails the Provision of modert

pany in Geita Diatriet, has sub- 54
mitted to the Government a “""inices stores and workshoy
‘comprehensive rehabilitation :. 5, well as training for the local per-i
Programme to cost 105m/-.. sonnel, - Renee tens
sung programme, if successful. "7's The General Manager said the
will raise gold production from *: programme was prepared after
the nresent 100 kilos to over 570_ | thorough research which prove
skuosa year." that the mine had abundant gold

ager” Novgur Hnanuel le: Se fserver of nary i
faiko; said in Dar es Salaam | {o"nes which :
esterday, the programme - exploited for the,hext 15 i

: . ears.

includes two major packages. .’ . .. * :
The first, entails repairing of. «. Ndugu ‘ole-Naiko ° sai
all. machinery and equipment ._séntly the company was unable.
which the company’ acquired in ‘attract ’ ‘skilled '. workers:
the late 1960's’ when the because of the remoteness of the

Buhemba and Kyabakari mines .*. Mine.’ -' -
in Mara Region ‘were «closed: °
down. Ndugu ole-Naiko said.
45m/- woul

s

19274

cso: 12

3400/1979

houses for workers, office pres i
aS;

fi
y
i SCOPO
re
de try of

_, ,Buckréefis situated neatly 300-+
kilometres away from Mwanza |
be’ needed for the +: town: It lacks ‘arnendablé-social “*

i sground ' water.

the infrastructure Usd
, could not seé how a repair prog-
; ramme -could succee

working 500 feet underground

with -"an
must review terms of
Service for gold diggers,’ He said.

=""“Although’ fis Company has |
i

already Presented to the Minis-
of Energy arid Minerals a
*, training programme for Buc-
‘kreef foremen and enginéers so
sthat they could be attached ‘to

improve their skills, Ndugu ole-
Naikd siid there’ had been no
poh oS ak

In the méantime: thé company
‘which stopped production last
‘August because of fuel sho .
— resumed output early. las
ymonth. after Fees! ving ‘chough

it
id after
‘hairman Mwalimu-Nye-
isit--to. the company in
. is year, regional
& authorities increased fue! supply
- from 2,000 litres to 4,000 litres a

day : jt

* He said 2,000 litres were‘only

enough to pump out under-
he company

‘Thow produces between 12 to:t5

4 kilogrammes of gold per month,

~’ earning the country about 3m/-_

to 4m/- in foreign exchange. |

He said if the tuel positic
swould ‘remain the sam
company’ would this year '

O-

duce up to 160 kilogrammes:

~ compared to 80 kilogrammes last
year. rt

ment should scriously: develop.’
becausd he |

without
sbeing properly -

Office: attendant...

other - mines*:in Zimbabwe to .



POLICE LAUNCH PROBE INTO AFRICAN BANK

JPRS*SSA~86~070

8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 22 May 86 pp 1, 2

[Article by Gerald Prosalendis]

[Text ]

‘THE African
)Bank’s author-
tity to operate
as fe ex-
“Change dealer
has’ been can-
celled by the
Reserve Bank |
-in a move un- ! .
‘precedented in SA banking histor
Police are investigating alleged
fringements of forei, exchange
tions and several of the banks ials!
are understood to have been suspended. '
Trust Bank has agreed to assume 0 over-?
all nporasy baal of the African Bank on ae
tempor: basis from today.
ion comes only one month
ee ik was appointed to act as a"
fully authorised foreign exchange dealer.
The drama came to a ira al |

Trust Bank senior GM Kobus Roetz,
; Who will head the interim
‘fear, sale: “Yesterday ev ning Reserve
Bank deputy - Governor Japie. Jacobs :;
‘asked us take over the management of
~the bank first thing this morning. Wei
agreed to assist.
“There is no reason for panic. Itwillbe*
business as usual tomorrow (today).” . »i
. ie erophasiaed the probed be in

volve the bank’s day-to-day activities or ;
{ts dealings jn the money and capital

Finance Minister Barend du Plessis”

last night gave assurances that arrange-
“tnents woud be made to allow the beak:

+ The bank would continue to have ace"

- cess to Reserve Bank accommodation It!
as hoped it would would return to nor- :

Tnality and independence as soon as pos!

19274
cso: 3400/1917

71

F "The bank recently bou it foreign ex-
gt nk recently bought foreign ex
being paying them handsomely,” he said.
} say tl thing I going get

months to March, compared with
Reo 009 for the 2 months to September

“At the time MD Moses Maubane said
most of the bank’s corporate business
had been off balance sheet. Most of the
increase in corporate business was con-
ducted on an agency basis with multina-
tional clients.

‘The bank had the support of some US
‘ multinationals — mainly signatories to
the Sullivan Code, he said.

No other banks are believed to be in-
volved in or to have exposure to African
Bank's foreign exchange dealings.



_. Supporters of the contenders often claim- /
“* ing that their candidates don’t necessarily. |

ca

om

RESIDENT Botha’s style of govern-"?
ment has added to the turmall, with:

have a say in decisions...“ #*~*
-," For example, some“of Mr, Pik Botha’
supporters have atteiny ee tard
im. from the '. recent triple-hit’ati:ANC
bases in neighbouring countries, claim- 1
ing-he had no direct say in the: decision, ‘ é
, In this instance there appears to be 4
} Some support for the claim as President
Botha twice emphasised he, took ‘petsonal
responsibility. Pe ONE ye nei fa
Questions are also raised about why the.
announcement of positive reform moves’
is so often closely followed by announce: | 3

+ ments that cause international concern.

One glaring instance was the introduc- *

: tion of the controversial Public Safety 4

Bill establishing “unrest areas” on the 3
day that influx control was scrapped. ©...
And then there is the manoeuvring of a
more party-political nature, *: =~.
For instance, accusing fingers were
pointed at Mr de Klerk, as Transvaal “
Nationalist leader, for “setting up” Mi
Pik Botha and the verligte Mr. Piet
Plessis in the Pietersberg fiasco...’ ''

He denies his absence was deliberate:

- He himself js due to speak at a meeting |

in Brits, where another Nationalist meet- +
ing was broken up by the AWB their CP’

Sos

19274
CSO: 3400/1932

29

tallies !5 55"

| -y Unsubstantiated claims have been

‘made about “certain right-wing Cabinet

‘..members” being behind the forced resig-

:nation of Mr Harald Pakendorf as editor «

‘of the Vaderland. Mr Pakendorf and Mr
Botha were closely associated.

‘Mr. Botha has become increasingly iso- °
lated ‘within: the Cabinet’ since his com-
ments.about a future black President.
‘Claims are made: about pressurés on Mr
‘PW. Botha from within his Cabinet to
reprimand his Foreign Minister. het
a Pik Botha also appears to have *
a had his wings. cli over the EPG, ;:
:> with some of his colleagues drawing in
» ‘the reigns on the group’s mediating role,
{.) -There are even.stories put about that:
{he could be given a low profile position in o
:, the Cabinet or possibly even be dumped. *
But the Foreign Minister does maintain
“a solid base within the Nationalist caucus.

It is hinted that if either Mr Botha or j

4

«Mr de Klerk wins a Presidential election,
“it could cause a sundering of the rulinj

2 party and a realignment of white politi
forces.“ Agi sapetin Ant ee
~The difficult part of what is going on at |
?4jthe moment is determining what is truth

;;. and ‘what is propaganda. But without '
:i>doubt, there are deep underlying ten-
* sions.in the National Party from the Cab-
j-;dnet to grass roots, caused mainly by the
\<: reform programme. . °



;, electricity concessions.’

* able relocation allowances.

“Incentives can be eribtmous. For.’

* the PWV or Durban Pintown, th

WHAT'S IN IT FOR INDUSTRY ®**” j

: 7 aru Price ah

Transport Housing | Relocation | preference | Electricity |

rebate % subsidy %| ~ allowance | on tenders %| concession |

MDANTSANE 60" 60 Yes -| “.10 ves |i

MARITZBURG 20- =20° 47 -YES. | 1-4 NO i

BLOEMFONTEIN 40 2°40 YES [io 5 * yes |
PIETERSBURG 50 - “60 YES. 5 YES

example, Mdantsane, - in Ciskei,
offers potential investors a: 60%
rebate on all transport costs, 95% |;
subsidisation of the wage: bill for

> Source: DECENTRALISATION BOARD

S=*¥ou won't. have
‘development point ‘doesn’t “have
some kind of economic viability of
own; ‘The aim eventually is to
hase out non-viable oneés.”:

“e'* Sensitive
: ———
* Observers say the board’s bud:
et this year could rise as asf
: Fisoom. While the number of pro- ;

seven years; an 80% factory inter- De Villiers stresses that initial
est/rental concession for 10 years; | {jects approved last year showed | ¢"job-creation benefits have a'spin-
60% subsidy of housing interest “| ‘: only a small increase, De Villiers 5 4: off effect in the creat tvice
rates; 10% price preference on all attributes this to the recession and | dustries."° 8:5. ve

tenders; and training grants. and xpects them to pick up again as “any ‘ development that” you

ing from
ere 1
is the additional carrot of consider=\j

For an employer movi

Incentives may be less generous.
in other areas, either because they |

‘ are closer to the main PWV mar-'!
_. ket, are already semi-developed,
“* or because the Decentralisation
‘Board considers them less urgent.

Board acting chairman Coenie ‘

+ De Villiers is confident that devel-
‘opment policies are achieving :

“what they set out to do — create {

jobs in areas where there is a need.
“It. makes economic: sense to,>
ke work where the people‘are !
living instead of trying to relocates
tnete says there Isa rising growth

fe says there is a rising growth,
trend in «potential ‘job-creation,*

+” pased on applications to the board |

.” for regional incentives and devel-

opment.

19274

cso: 3400/1988

make here has a multiplying ‘effect

on jobs in the tertiary sector. In

general terms, there is a 2,3 multi-
plication on industrial job-creation
the long-term.” - ‘

On the question of low producti-
vity and abuse of concessions, he’
isays: “We carry. out inspections
and can take steps to increase pro-
ductivity if we feel this is neces-
sary. Where we have any form of
malpractice,'we stop concessions
immediately and hand the matter
"over to the police.”

De Villiers is unsympathetic to-
wards companies who claim subsi-
dised new competitors have an un-
fair advantage in the marketplace.
f Particularly in export markets, he
[believes there is growth potential
for many industries."

He is supported by many indus-
try sources, who believe struggling -
companies are using incentives

; payments to competitors as a

scapegoat for: their own failings.

“the board is trying to develop.too
{many areas. a ee eee
{Government sources say. thi
fis the result of previous policies }
f-that sought to bring industry to.|

t,every corner of the country. Hav-

: ing created the expectation of fac-
E-tories and jobs, the government
if has proved unwilling to divert its :,
money to more suitable centres.
“It’s true you can’t get growth at
so many points simultanequsly,”.
“gays De Villiers. “We want devel-
& opment on a priority basis at a few
lopment points.”
Gradual “achievenient : of « tha

[Sdevelopment points ~~ Isithebe (in
(Natal), Eza hen (KwaZulu),
ig inabelo {free (QwaQwa),’: Bot-

al
K
i ghabelo (Free’ State), : Atlantis
z (Western

; accomm<
opment.

ape) and East London —
ale 7% of total deve

100



a

JPRS*SSA*86*0/0
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

WITWATERSRAND VIOLENCE SEEN MIRRORING STRIFE IN TOWNSHIPS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 3 Jun 86 p 13

{Article by Susan Pleming]

[Text ]

‘Last week was a dark-one in. :
the history of thé University of
the Witwatersrand — the po-
slice invaded the campus on
three successive days, 50 stu- >
idents and academics were ar: 4
“rested, and more than 40 peo-.
{ple were injured daring police
faction. re

The violence at the tradition-
ally white university has ;
:Shocked parents, academics |,
and students. Student leaders ,
, and the administration believe.’
“it is a mirrpr of events in the :
townships. ~* fe

. “The events of last week

‘ must .not be seen in isolation.."
‘They are’a spill-over from’
! what is happening in the town-%,
ships,” said the president of the ‘
Black Students’ Society: (BSS)

Mr Dali Mpofu. iw ‘

VIOLENT DAY’

. “The most violent day waa"
“last Friday when repeated 5,
- clashes occurred between stu-,3
dents, academics and the po-:
lice. More than 40 people were a
i injured and 48 arrested after +
they had attempted to march,;
to the Hillbrow police station.
; to demand the release of a. fel
low student who had been:
rested the previous day.” -
The students: were released

~-on Saturday after an urgent ap-*?

plication to the Rand Supreme j

+ Court by the deputy vice-chan-.,

*fcellor of ‘student affairs, Pro-"}
fessor Mervyn Shear, ‘for their:
release. Thestudents were
: Veharged yesterday under sec?
tion 57:of the Internal Security:*
~ Act for being part of-an illegal;
‘s gathering. The case‘‘was' post-
Pponed to July 9.’*.
2"! According -to: MriMpofy, :
ul about 2.000 students had voted
that.a delegation be sent from *
he campus ‘to deliver the
riews of the students to the po-
lice. °F Mere
he “The march was ‘intended to:
4 ,Prevent the police from coming
on to the campus. But what we!
.-had tried to avoid happened :
;.anyway-and the police invaded
» Our campus,” he added:
;,.. Student leaders:and academ::
;4es have deplored police ‘pres-'!{
‘ence on campus. But the police .
“action has- served to, politicise,
gStudents.'s>,° 9. .- js }

* up fellow students, how' can we!

i show any support jtowards,

} them? Their: action has: made’

‘, students more aware of what is.
nt

: “It is very sad that itshas <
‘taken such brutal police action.’

oe BSS prealdent? ° Mr,
i} Firoz:Cachalia, said:the police: :

36

‘action on campus strongly indi-
; cated the Government's deter-
¢ mination to “smash the demo-.
t-eratic movement...
¥vii“This climate of. repression
is béing shown on our campus.
aq ‘There are a large number of
police informers on the campus

‘Sand; as soon as:we organise a :
5 meeting, the police ‘come in to *

,, teach us a lesson and say: ‘The «
* powers-that-be will not allow. -
protest on the campus.”

Apart -from: confrontation

’, with the police, there have also "+

been repeated clashes between
progressive students and the’
*” conservative Student Moderate
,, Alliance (SMA) which has_80
{es -up members. ~
. Last year: friction between
” these two groups escalated to
such an extent that an indepen-
dent inquiry recommended that
*. the SMA should not hold meet-
_ ings on campus close to, or on, <
days which were sensitive to -
3 black students:.These included
: Republic Day. and Sharpeville '

a
Police p presence has widened
e rift betweeri the SMA and

progressive student move-
ment. Verbal slanging matches
> have become commonplace on:

;;.the campus,

A-thorny issue at Wits has
been that of spies and police in-

}- formers posing as students. On
‘Friday, an alleged police spy
was badly. beaten up by stu-



NUM STARTS TALKS WITH 45 PERCENT WAGE INCREASE DEMAND
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 22 May 86 p 7
{Article by Claire Pickard-Cambridge]

{Text ]

THE National Union of Mineworkers . Gencor mines, ~~ **

gnu has made an opening demand ss NUM has also placed strong em-
* for a 45% across-the-board wage

crease for black gold mine employ-
{ ees it will represent during annual |

{mands include six months’ paid»

{ negotiations with the Chamber of, ~ maternity leave and up to. six ®
} Mines, " ‘  y-months’ additional unpaid leave if a“,
The NUM, which claims 180000 = worker or child suffers from illness

paid-up members and 250 000 signed- -
up members on chamber gold and. ,
coal mines, is expected to table simi- “!

efore or. after childbirth...

guaranteed similar pay-and benefits 4

lar demands for workers on chamber % when they return from maternit:
collieries (fiere it is recognised. i i leave, and are also demanding that”
+ However, these negotiations wi : fathers be given the right to time off

+ handled separately. ”
}NUMYs opening demand in 1985 4
i yrasa 40% Increase and negotiations i offer and the party ide an
‘ - arties are
j proleng ed as'they wore last ny + y: meet later this week, ‘The traditional &
i“ NUM’s Marcel Golding said other; ; implementation date for wage in-
; demands this year included a reduc-,;i +“ Creases for black employees is Jul
tion in working hours — which are*] " oo . aie
more than 90 hours a fortnight — to. : The monthly minimum for under-"*
80 hours a fortnight, 44 days annual, Foun gold miners rahges between ~
leave, a holiday leave allowance of: * R193 and R600 and their avera,
Isreal a‘n’ mk oh coeur
- - , accommodation ant
proved funeral and death benefit * tledieal attention amount fo another. 4
schemes. a “Ups amonth, .. °: Be ed
Minimum increases negotiated for: « cats Council of Mining’ Unions 4
, black workers on chamber old ‘ Cite representin bout 24 000 sd
mines last year ran; tween it r mining per- +
and 22% and there was strike action | - 80anel, has called off its scheduled ~

‘strike ballot on Frida:
at some Gold Fields, Anglovaal and :' * offer from the chambers aney

when children are born. %.
“The chamber has not yet made an

19274
cs0: 3400/1918

61

“NUM wants women workers to be : i

JPRS~S8A~86-0/9
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

disclosed to themeia botifigtiay
the media, but ely
w phasis on improving the lot of-wo- * | that the chamber and the CMU are
men employees this year. These de- | closer to reaching agreement now.
There was previously a 0,57 margin
between the CMU’s demand of a
15,1% increase and the chamber’s
yolter of 146% with-no fringe bene-

‘The three official associations rep-
resenting another 37000 members
|, met with the chamber.on Tuesday to ,
present their wage proposals. The
Mine Surface Officials’ Association
'-and the Underground Officials’ Asso-'
‘ciation have presented joint de-
mands, while the SA Technical Offi-
,clals’ {Assocation has separate
De Beers has also begun its annual
wage negotiations with the CMU, but
[has not yet begun talks with NUM.
‘NUM met to negotiate wages and
“conditions of employment with De
Beers Namaqualand mines division
‘for the first time last year, after the
conclusion of a recognition agree-
{ment between the parties.
: De Beers wage increases, with ser-
\ vice increments, amounted to about
12% for employees represented by
NUM last year, result-
ing in a minimum startii
about R340 a month.

ing rate of



LABOR PARTY MP ENVISIONS INDABA FOR WESTERN CAPE

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 30 May 86 p 9

[Text ]

CAPE TOWN: Could 4 Western’
Cape indaba be one of the next |:
steps in the working out.of a 5
federal solution for South Afri- ‘
ca? :
The Labour Party’s young con- .
stitutional thinker, MP Mr Des-:?
mond Lockey, recently returned .
from observing the Natal indaba-1
“very impressed” by what he saw..t
“If the indaba agrees to a single:
legislature, which I think it will, it.
could be the start of the first real;
non-racial federal structure in;
South Africa. . . et
“And then we could start with a '
Western Cape indaba along the *
same lines.” ue
This would be a departure from
the constitution of the Labour ‘
Party, which stipulates a one!
man, one-vote unitary system, and :
Mr Lockey emphasises he is H
speaking in his personal capacity. sy
But the party itself has, in any
case, been toying with the idea of ::
a non-racial geographic federa-
“tion for some time now. shit
And ih a pamphlet on constitu- |

tional options, it takes a new look:

at some ideas which have hitherto
been taboo to it. ° aa
“It is a known fact that South”
Africa’s heterogeneous and multi-34
cultural character will have to be.
taken into account in the formula-
tion of an acceptable, democratic 4
and workable constitution,” the .
. pamphlet says, eat
It rejects the group ‘approac!
but is prepared to accept that -i
seen from the historical perspec- |

19274

CSO: 3400/1985

«tive, the ‘protection’ of minorities >
iis a reasonable point. oye
Mr Lockey was one of the chief :
,authors of the pamphlet and he ;
:does not rule out the idea of eth- ;
shic states in the hypothetical fed-, 3
eration, : : 2
-“The crucial point is that the :
tates should get together them- *
‘selves — as in Natal — and not ¢
have their boundaries and compo-
-sition forced upon them by central ...
,Government.” * Poe
Mr Lockey’s own thinking is -
;that there should be room in the j
:federation for both unitary states
on the one hand, and and eth-
nic/nationalist states on the other.
* “We should get away from.the :
‘existing polarity of liberal and na- -
itionalist approaches.) i 6%
* .“The problem with the National:
+Party is that it argued that’ all.’
i blacks can be classified ethnical-,,
iy. tere Ber eS
|: “But 70 nt of urban blacks +
indicated in a recent survey: that ‘
they’ did. not identify’ with any:;

HM saw: themselves
South Africans, raga da Gos
“Since it is also in’ the cities
i that one finds whites who are less *
‘inclined to be tribal, metropolitan |
States in the federation could be!
junitary,” Mr Lockey says.-"?: °°:

ars 2
+°“In the rural areas, on the otherTM
‘hand, ethnic identity is much ¢
stronger among both blacks and °
whites, so there one would find:
‘ethnically-based states. mw 2
- "Many of the black national -
state and self-governing struc- :
tures are already in place, and’

only as :

32

JPRS~SSA~86~0/0
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

‘could form the basis of future fed-
eral states.”
“' But what of tribal whites? Will
they have a white homeland or
‘homelands ~' as suggested by
;some ultra-conservative groups?
*- “Mr Lockey, rather suprisingly,
says Yes. “I think we should look
‘into ‘the possibility of a white
homeland where those whites who
|are not happy living with others, -
cap go.
| “The difference is that since
those white conservatives only
represent about three percent of
sthe population, they will only get
{about three percent of the land.”
| On the other hand, Johannes-
burg and Soweto could together
“form a unitary state, he says.
* “And so could the Western Cape,
| where whites are generally fairly
liberal and where there is the
"greatest concentration of col-,
“oureds who do not fit into any Na-
tionalist ethnic mould.
. The proposed third-tier regional
. service council for the Western
Cape could develop into the sec-';
ond-tier state for this region.

“The Labour Party forced 70
améndments to the Bill, most of
them aimed at strengthening the
position of coloureds who will now
enjoy equal power with whites.”

He emphasises he is not talking
about a coloured homeland.

“The majority of so-called col-
‘oureds will only be satisfied with
éa true democracy, even if this
‘means counting themselves out as
“a major force in a new constitu-

tion for South Africa.” ye



PASSING OUT PARADE FOR MEN OF SAS JALSENA

Durban POST NATAL in English 28-31 May 86 p 3

[Article by Bobby Harrypersadh]

[Text ] ‘SIX months ago they were
just 150 students from all
parts of the country and
from different walks’ of.
life, entering ¢h the threshold

.of a new cal

Today, thelr lifestyle.
has undergone s complete

‘transformation. They are

now disciplined and well-

idrilled men of the navy —

“they belong to, the. _

4 150 young meri,
7110 of them: will:go
ithrough-their’ paces in
jtheir passing-out parade,
"Salisbury Island, on Sat
day at 10am. * “

The salute at the bat-
jtalion review parade will:
be taken by’ Commodore;
}Paul Wijnberg, SM, Offi-'
icer Commanding Naval’
,Command East, based at
Durhan’s Salisbury Island.

The remaining 40 have
left the unit to continue:
training as marines af the
Marine Training School in:
‘Simonstown, ‘Cape ‘Town.’

” ‘The Officer. Command-
ing SAS Jalsena, Commo-"
dore Willem Smit, said for
the remaining 18 months
of their. training, some of.
the seamen would do spe-|

19274
cso: 3400/1919

64

isation courses before:
eet their careers in;
‘other departments, © °°.“
He said: “The selection:
process of ‘the new intake;
will start on July. 14, and
the training will begin four:
days later. We will take:
100 new recruits. Of this.

Those keen on a navy
| career should write to the
{Officer Commanding SAS
Jalsena, Fleet Mail Office,
'P.O Fynnland, Durban,
4020. Hurther: details can,
be obtained by phoning
464311, extensions 366,
{367 or: 368, Seamen who”
‘will receive shields, tro-
phies and medals at the
‘ceremony are:
‘piraaeeremeeres
ff
ai rie bot
‘Trophy. Maral Beaz: beat
eons Viavenathen Chetty: Orator’s ©

8 July 1986

JPRS~S84-8640 79

SOUTH AFRICA



TPRSS8A-86~0 79
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

GM SEEKS SOUTH AFRICAN PARTNER--General Motors wants. a corporate partner in SA~-
but not at the cost of surrending management control. MD Bob White confirmed
yesterday that the U.S.-owned motor manufacturer was looking for a partner.

He cited the two reasons for partnership with a major SA corporation: --As—
sociation with a conglomerate would open the way for GM into the lucrative
company fleet market; --Under local financial regulations, wholly-owned
foreign subsidiaries are limited in local borrowing. Partnership would give
GM access to financial markets. Sa conglomerates have become increasingly
involved in the motor industry in the past two years--Anglo American through
Samcor and Sanlam through Nissan. GM's name was at one stage linked with Old
Mutual, and talks with German motor manufacturer BMW broke down last year.
Insisting that GM at present was not involved in specific partnership talks,
White said: "It is our intention that we retain management control under any
scenario.". [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 30 May 86 p 3]

19274

CSO: 3400/1988 END

101



JPRS~SSA~86~070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

DAISY COMMEMORATES SOWETO..UPRISING
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 7 Jun 86 p 3

[Text ]

South Africans, particularly whites, are being
urged to show their continuing concern about
the events of June 16, 10 years ago, as well as
the continuing violence today, in a campaign
being launched at churches, synagogues and
in newspaper advertisements.

The campaign, supported by many Chris;
tian and Jewish religious bodies, is called “A
Garland of Flowers for Soweto”. It asks peo-
ple to cut out a drawing of a daisy from the
advert, colour it yellow and display it on their
back windscreens to show they are mourning
with the people of Soweto.

The first advertisement appeared in The
Weekly Mail yesterday and others will be
placed in Sunday newspapers.

“Normal avenues of communication have
been closed,” it reads, “and so we search for a
gesture to show black South Africans that we
care and that we too would like to see the
creation of a just and open society. ”

19274
csO: 3400/1931

42



SAND DUNES NEAR RICHARDS BAY RICH SOURCE OF MINERALS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Jun 86 p 10

{Article by Stan Kennedy]

[Text ]

19274
cso:

3400/1933

‘A rich source of foreign cw ii
‘ey for South Africa ‘is being re-!
covered from sand dunes neat |
Richards Bay in the form. of ru-:
stile, zircon and ilmenite. °: +;
Gencor,’ which has a 25 per: |
cent interest; the balance’ is:
held by overseas interests — .
says in its annual report that <
"1985, was a record year in all
,Spects forthe company. ;
+. High sales’ volumes. were!
“achieved which, together with :
higher rand prices, gave record ,
“revenues. The net result was a/
‘ substantially* improved. profi
with a R60.million dividend dis~
‘tribution to shareholders.
* Richards -Bay Minerals has

* been mining the sand dunes near. }

‘Richards Bay for the past 104
yyears, using dredgers which -
sfloat.on-man-made fresh- water;
ponds, The sand is sucked up by’, 4
the dredger and pumped to a
floating gravity concentrator *
where the minerals are extract- ‘
ed into a concentrate. They’are
then taken away for separation +
by smelter. ©:

The rutile and zircon are sold ‘ é
on the international market, '
:while the ilmenite is processed,
“further to produce’ “high titan-
jum slag and a hi h-purity pig:

ve le,
ms Expansion plans have been.
approved for a third smelter,ia
slag re-grind plant and an
* crease in mining capacit 4
© To uprate’ the’ eetraction’ of

84

a

longitudinal pull can be exerted |*

minerals, BTR, Sarméol has de-”
‘signed and: developed ‘a ‘¢orro--
sion-resistant rubber redge and,
tailings hoses. * pe Be
; . The dredge hoses. are 60 mm:
‘in diameter and free of wire and

cable. reinforcement,’ which’ hag *

been.a drawback in the past be- 4
Leause of cot sion problems. in,
Sthe severé coastal conditions, 7]

Though ‘of Soft-wall construc- ?
tion, they ,can:withstand the nor-

mal suctidh pressure conditions ,
without collapsing. A particular ‘

. ,advantage, says BTR Sarmcol,:

“is the ease with which a dry clog :
“can be detected and freed.‘ *;
"The tailing hose is 381mm in’
‘diameter’and both have been-
designed for, ‘little or no move-
iment under pressure. This is an
important feature as it helps to.
‘stabilise the floating plat: orm,
on the pond. '
"Rehabilitation is an important:
environmental aspect of the|
‘mining ‘operation... Mined-out;;
‘land ‘is re-covered ‘with topsoil!
and the dunal‘vegetation is,
quickly: re-established. : It even-|! :
tually shows no sign that a
major mining opera’ had
‘been undertaken.”
A further feature of the new
:hose’is'that.a 65 percent higher

on it, without damage to the fit- |
tings. As a result, the hoses can -
, be used to. stabilise the. barge |
during high winds.

PRS*SSA*86*070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA


MINING LICENCES SOUGHT, MINERAL SURVEY UPDATE

Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English 26 May 86 p 12

[Article by Chatonda Mhone]

[Text }

19274
cso:

3400/1896

NINE mining _ licences
were in force in 1985 and
two applications for min-
ing licences were being
considered, according to
the MalaWi 1986 Econ-
omic Report.

The licences in force’
‘were for rock aggregate
for roads and other con-
struction, rail ballast,
limestone for cement pro-
duction, coal and kyanite
while the two applications
being considered were for
gemstone mining. =~

Commenting .on the

eral position on licens-
ing at the end of 1985, the
report says 13 Non-Ex-

clusive . Prospecting Li-,

cences were in force and a
further 13 under consider-
ation.

The report added that
16 claims had been regis-
tered and six applications
for registration of claims
were being considered.
The Non-Exclusive Pro-
specting Licences and

laims were, mainly for
small-scale and relatively
low-precious stones, cop-
per, coal, silver, galena,.
zircon, corundum, apa-
tite, feldspar, dolonite,
clay, silica sand, beryl,

mica crushed stone and
flourite.

One — Reconnaissance
Licence was granted to a
British firm to prospect
for uranium in the Ka-
ronga-Rumphi area for a

riod of one year and the

ifm continued to pro-
spect on an Exclusive Pro-
specting Licence granted
to them in 1984.

Meanwhile the flying
phase of MK6_ million
UNDP-assisted country-
wide airborne Beophysical
survey was gompicied in
early July 1985, the report
says adding that since the
flying started in'may 1984,
a total of 896, line-

kilometres were’ flown
The next phase ot the

ject will the inter-
vreration of the data in-
cluding indications of po-
tential mineral
exploration targets and at
the same time, the De-
partment of Geological
Survey will commence a
ground follow-up investi-
gation programme, princi-
pally to detect minerals
and attempt to interest in-
ternational mining con-
cerns in at least some of
the targets which have
beenidentified. ~

JPRS a5,

MALAWI

SAn
8 July 19

86-0)
86


Witwatersrand Violence Seen Mirroring Strife in Townships
(Susan Pleming; THE STAR, 3 Jun 86)....seeecsecceceseecceees

Shell's Black Education Role Praised
(BUSINESS DAY, 29 May 86)....cececcecccccccccccccccreencenne

Lesotho Water Deal Said Hampered by ANC Presence
(Gerald L'Ange; THE STAR, 2 Jun 86)..-.ssecccsceccceccccenes

Unrest Related Deaths Monitored, Seen Doubling
(THE STAR, 5 Jun 86)..cecceescccercceccccccccreccccssecccces

Daisy Commemorates Soweto Uprising
(THE STAR, 7 Jun 86)... cecccecceccscccccenccececeseseceeees

Spending Doubles on New Colored Schools
(Joe Openshaw; THE STAR, 30 May 86)...+.seessecccscesesecese

Reporter Discusses Racial Policy of Nature Reserves, Resorts
(Zenaide Vendeiro; THE STAR, 2 Jun 86)....scessecsesececeeee

Apartheid Linked to Mental Health at Conference
(THE STAR, 19 May 86)...ccececcesccecceesetetenereseeeeseees

Commentator Reports on Phoenix Squatter Dilemma
(Kanthan Pillay; POST NATAL, 28-31 May 86).....+-seeeeeseees

Psychiatrist Comments on Black Child's Violent World
(Joe Openshaw; THE STAR, 3 Jun 86).....eeeeesssseererererece

Columnist Criticizes Police Questioning
(Ameen Akhalwaya; POST NATAL, 4-7 Jun 86)....--+eeeeeeeeeere

Journalist Describes Recording Unrest as ‘Toughest Job!
(Jon Qwelane; POST NATAL, 4-7 Jun 86)...-eseceeeessececeeces

Whites Said To Hold Most, Best Public Service Jobs

(Bruce Cameron; THE DAILY NEWS, 26 May 1.) ey

Unemployment Leads to Increased Unrest, Strikes
(Sheryl Raine; THE STAR, 3 Jun 86)....-++sseeseeeeeeeeceerece

Unions Affected by Overseas Contacts
(BUSINESS DAY, 22 May 86) ce cee cece ecereeecesecrereeeeceenees

NUM Starts Talks With 45 Percent Wage Increase Demand
(Claire Pickard-Cambridge; BUSINESS DAY, 22 May 86).....-+6-

Bid for Farm Workers' Unions Gathers Force
(Andrew Beattie; THE SUNDAY STAR, 18 May 86) cccccccecceneceee

-ec-

36

38

39

41

42

43

44

46

48

50

51

53

55

57

60

61

62



LESOTHO WATER DEAL SAID HAMPERED BY ANC PRESENCE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Jun 86 p 13

[Article by Gerald L'Ange]

[Text ]

"The huge Lesotho’ Highlands.
project — which would as-’:
“sure the Vaal Triangle’s fu-*
;ture water ‘supplies — may
be threatened by a dispute ,
over. the presence of th
-African National Congress
* Lesotho. wie
. The dispute is believed to’
be the major cause of the’
‘delay in the signing of the
“treaty which would enable:
the R4 000 million scheme
go ahead. vets
South Africa is believed to-
:be dissatisfied with the Ma-",
- seru Government's response.
»-to its request that the ANC to.),
be prevented from operating
in or from Lesotho... ‘
Official sources in South
Africa have confirmed that
‘the drafting of the final ver-,
‘gion of. the treaty has been
-“inhibited by the ANC que:
Stion ecko te Bae
* Officials in both countries
indicated in March that the -
treaty, culminating years of :
~research' and negotiation,
‘would be. signed ‘withjn. the ‘
y next few weeks. ~
+ They intimated that the +
«only. major- point still. being’
«negotiated was the price:
: South Africa would pay’ for,
‘the water from the project:
. , But as the negotiations
* dragged on it began to look;
as though they had run into a
difficult problem. This has 3
“now been identified as the
ANC issue,

39

‘

9 DENIALS © 7
After the coup in January

" that ousted former Prime ‘
» Minister Mr Leabua Jonath-*

© an, the new military govern-

* ment did crack down on the *
ANC, flying scores of South ;-

» country. -

: portedly introduced on ANC
activities. woe

gone far enough. Pretoria

4 apparently wants Lesotho to'’

banish the ANC entirely. : °.
South African officials

week that the signing of the

L. to an’agreement by Lesotho
to establish full ‘diplomatic
i relations with Pretoria and
; to-expel Soviet'and other
‘Communist embassies.

ment has attached high im-
* portance..to: quashing ANC
+: operations from Lesotho and

have flatly denied reports *
from Maseru in the past

‘treaty has been held up by i
attempts by Pretoria t6 tle it:

, African refugees out of the ©
“Tighter: controls were re- ;
‘ But the South African Gov-

ernment is believed: to. feel.’
these measures have not:

“The South African Govern- -

has claimed that the king- -

i? dom has been used as a base
for insurgent operations into
_. South Africa. wou Es

Posed late last year, and lift-,

ed only after the coup, is bé

» the ANGe-"

The border blockade im-.:

lieved to have been aimed at...
persuading the Lesotho Gov: ;
ernment to crack down on

JPRS*SSA-86~070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



revolutionary forces are at work within SA,
and Namibia is as far from independence as
it ever was.

The pressures will be on Crocker to de-
monstrate to an increasingly sceptical elec-
torate (with presidential elections just two
years off) that constructive engagement is a
game worth the candle. Pretoria is giving
him very little to assist in an exceptionally
difficult task.

World confidence in SA’s stability this
week was expressed in the price of the rand
(touching US42,35c on Tuesday). Should the
slide continue, hopes of lowering inflation
will be halted in their tracks. Business confi-
dence is at an all-time low and aggregate
demand is going down, not up. With high
unemployment, escalating unrest, deepening
racial polarisation, continued disinvestment,
the capital flight and emigration, all the
ingredients are in place for a further erosion
of the social fabric.

That means that any economic recovery
-- which would create new wealth and jobs

- will be yet further deferred; and just how
long can we afford matters to go on as they
are? Any supply-side measures being con-
templated by the State President’s Economic
Advisory Council will be increasingly less
effective as the economy becomes wholly
sensitive to political developments. Without
some major political gesture — such as
Mandela’s release — the way ahead leads to

19274
csO: 3400/1917

70

a siege economy and a siege mentality.

Were all these factors considered by gov-
ernment when it decided on the raids? If
they were, and the hope was that the world
would understand the South Africans’ need
to curb concerted terrorism and so reduce
the overall level of violence, then Pretoria
miscalculated. The gamble has not thus far
paid off.

Part of the reason for this is that whatever
is done about the ANC (and must presum-
ably continue to be done as long as the
organisation co-ordinates terrorism in SA),
the origins of the countrywide violence do
not lie in some Communist conspiracy, but in
the social conditions created by apartheid.

It is difficult to believe, for example, that
the ANC has any hand in what is happening
in KwaNdebele. Pretoria is pushing the
homeland towards “independence” in De-
cember, against the wishes of what appears
to be the majority of the people who live
there (see Current affairs). So a mini-civil
war has broken out and most of the legisla-
live authority members have had their
houses burnt and are reported to be on the
run. What was that P W Botha said earlier
this year about a common South African
citizenship?

Right now government must produce evi-
dence that the raids were justified. If it
cannot, then the economic and social cost,
especially over the long term, may have been
much too high.



EXPORT TRADE SEEN AS GOOD, IMPORTS SUFFERING

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 30 May 86 p 17

[Text ]

THERE ARE basically three types of:
ships agency involvement. ‘Firstly,’
the liner trade is the cellularisation
trade, containerisation. Regular car-
goona regular service between two.
countries,” explains Graham Wood,
“fievelopment executive at Ace Han-

a ¥
“Our major trading partner is the
UK. The north-western Continent is -
looked after by the SA European con-
tainer service, of which Safmarine is ‘
our national flag carrier, in conjunc-
tion with several European national.
flag lines. " . we
« “We are led to believe they are en-,

~~ joying a good export market because“;

of the rand/dollar parity, but imports {°
are suffering and will continue to do;
so.” | . Pe Ra ay
Import cargo is usually of a capital,
nature: heavy plant, machines and
oa of a igonsumer nature. The .
eight rat . Shipowners’ rev-
enue when trading with SA is genera-
ted on import cargo, whereas our ex-
ports — raw material or agricultural
cargo — is low in revenue. Y
: . Shipowners trading with SA rely on ':
our import trade to cover costs and
the exports are the cream on the top. + :*
_ “Once imports suffer, as is present-"°
ly happening, it has an adverse effect .
on revenue. Even though exports are «
running higher, that does not gener-
ate the usual total revenue as it would

“if imports were higher. They. have a
* problem : Bey’

now.” e

79

it says: they tramp the world — there
is no regular service. They are only
interested in bulk service, unpacked

JPRS“SSA“86+0/0
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

"- “ephe bulk and tramp trade is what

large tonnages where cargo is poured
: coal, rod OFA

into the ship + like
grain anid maizé.””
From a ship's agency point of view

: they work on a charter party, where-

by the ship is hired for a particular
trip-to whoever has the cargo. That
contract outlines all the cor.ditions in,
‘volved in joading, travelling, etc.

=. “Despite political ‘ considerations,
our raw materials are in great de-
mand, which js helped further by the

low rand. *' n

“SA has become a good market, ou!
Price is right, commodities are

— promoted by the fact that freight‘

rates negotiated are reasonable

thanks to the low bunker fuel price.
“Finally, ‘there is the service re-

quirement trade, vessels coming in

. purely for the BSW&R :— bunker,

stores, water and repair — trade.”
Cruise liners fit in there; they sim-

ly come in as part of their cruise.”

SW&R was lucrative, but it has fal-

’ len off drastically. ° ay
Until-recently Ace Haniel was in‘

the freight forwarding industry. Now.
a policy decision has been taken to
broaden the service industry base to
include any thing else that pertains to
— like ship’s agen . The com
tries to provide ne — im; Pr oF

rter or.
i exporter —.a total door-to-loor ser.
Pyle OF



283130

JPRS-SSA-86-070
8 JULY 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

[DTIC QUALITY BESTRUTED ©

_ FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE |

" pepRoDuceD BY

(
NATIONAL TECHNICAL | |
INFORMATION SERVICE. Reproduced From

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
SPRINGFIELD, VA." 22161

~ ~ Best Available Copy |



ZAMBIA

Highlights of SADCC Report on TAZAMA Pipeline
(Achille Lollo; SADCC ENERGY, No 11, 1986)......sccceeeeceece

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

"Moderate' Black Leaders Visit UK, Criticize EPG
(Johannesburg Television Service, 11 Jun 86) ccc ccceccceees

Right-Wing Afrikaners Reaffirm Pledge for Sovereign State
(Sue Leeman; THE STAR, 2 Jun 86)..

Gathering at Voortrekker Monument
Transvaal Separatists Make Presence Felt

BLACKS

Most Blacks Said To Support Disinvestment
(Jo-Anne Collinge; THE STAR, 7 Jun 86)..........0

Saths Cooper Discusses National Forum's Structure, Operation
(Saths Cooper, Lusiba Ntloko Interview; WORK IN PROGRESS,

May 86) ....ceeeesenceeee

Thriving Homes Business Developing in Soweto
(Frank Jeans; THE STAR, 3 Jun 86)..

Black Commiters To Get City Center Bus Stops
(Shirley Woodgate; THE STAR, 30 May 86)....

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Front Runners in Botha Succession Race Described
(Bruce Cameron; WEEKEND ARGUS, 31 May 86)......ese05

Correspondent Notes Terreblanche's 'Fascist' Trappings
(Andrew Beattie; WEEKEND ARGUS, 31 May 86)......ecececsecece

Labor Party MP Envisions Indaba for Western Cape
(THE DAILY NEWS, 30 May 86)......cssseseeeecenceseeseegeees

More Black Participation in Courts Seen Necessary
(Radford Jordan; BUSINESS DAY, 28 May 86).......seeeeeeeece

Government's Color Classification Criticized
(Bruce Cameron; THE STAR, 4 Jun 86).......sceecesceee se eeee

-b-

14

16

17

17
18

19

21

26

27

28

30

32

33

35


BLACK COMMUTERS TO GET CITY CENTER BUS STOPS
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 30 May 86 p 8
[Article by Shirley Woodgate]

{Text ]

“West and‘Noord streets (see diagram). -;
oo. wy With opening of the CBD itis total
‘Thousands of ‘black commuters who’, ly unacceptable that there should be no,
have to walk:to work from the out- black stops in ston Bea in. firmly.
skirts of Johannesburg's central busi- , Al cor there,should be equity for all.,
ness district could get tre comnjuters must be vena fair’
“stops next month. 4° et deal.withdut-delay,” he said. a
Outlining’ the® Johannesburg’ Cham: is"als0
ber of Cornmerceé campaign to upgrade.
black transport in the city, the presi-
dent Mr Pat Corbin, gaid that at pres-
jent about 11 peak‘hour: passengers ;
from Alexandra, Soweto, Tembisa and. 3,¢7) Boatd, and the citys Pounel a
‘coloured ‘townships “ are““allowed’- to s Teast a ae | nl otfored el
travel only as far as the termini on the-; fang ve 0 ‘havin i" sted,
perimeters of the central business dis- i arby.. Operation in having stops
trict. i 2 7
HE Mr Cotbin’ said once. the’ stops nad
,MUST. WALK® i te “next - ‘objective’
. From there they must walk to their Hew: routes. through‘
iwork in the central business district
“adding a further 10 to 15 minutes and .’ “He S aiiened Mapket t;' Commission-’
_1% km each way to their daily trips.“ er and Main Streets ‘and the possibility
Black bus routes go through the city.” of usitig le under-utilised facilities at
along Bree, Jeppe, Sauer and Sim--’ Van der Bijl Square. «
monds Streets but passengers are not ““ - Alongside these issues the JCC was
allowed to get off en route as no stops also ‘addressing: the matter of black
have been allowed. taxi hevsaid. Proposals for five
The present-stops are at Westgate, ‘' ranks-in CBD. bad been put to the
Faraday, Doornfontein, Bree, 'Jeppe,: council.‘
19274

csO: 3400/1927

.27

JPRSSSA~86~070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



19274

: renee lower than in the

However, this drop was attribut-

| able to a lowering of recovery at

+ tional 214 000 cara!

Debswana, which suffered a shortfall «

of 279 000 carats at 12,6-million car-

ats, as a result of a slightly lower’ *

ade at Orapa and the planned min-
ing of the lower grade satellite pipe at
Letihakane.
The SA mines produced an addi-
which was in the
main due to a higher underground

« grade at Premier.

[Total demand for platinum in the
West increased by 5,6 to 87,4 tons,
which brought 1985 close to the peak

; demand year of 1979, with hoarding

* and the autocatal
the growth pattern. -,

and jewellery
sector being mainly responsible for

,

Hoarders
Japan remained the largest region-

"al market, accounting for about 44%

of total Western demand at nearly 40
ns,

The currency factor also helped de-
mand from hoarders for investment
items up to 100g to grow from under

half a ton of the metal to nearly 1,1

tons.
In the US, the motor industry re-

. mained by far the largest outlet, ac-

counting for over 60% of national de-
mand which in turn represents over

cso: 3400/1912

cee a eee

¥ 36% of total non-Communist demand.
Record car sales in the year pushed
up the demand for the platinum auto-
| catalyst, while hoarding rocketed by
3,1 tons to 4 tons. : .
Soviet exports to the non-Commu-
* nist countries fell in 1985 for the third
t yor in succession, with shipments of
2 tons ‘estimated to be’ 200000z
jous year.
Sales by the Soviets have fallen to
this level only once, in the past 25
While demand for platinum has
continued on an upward trend, sup-
plies have generally outpaced pur-
chases since 1981. However, last year
just over three tons had to be with-
drawn from. stockpiles: to meet de-

toy
With the prospect that the shortfall
could be increased in the current
_ year, due to the loss of recovery at the
pala mine, broker Johnson
Matthey is optimistic about the met-
ats immedi future: 1 to break
oO appears unlikely
out its Parrent limited - trading
range despite a steady fall in stocks,
Say overseas analysts. «| °
.. At the beginning of May the London
Metals Exchange (LI recorded, a
high of £950 ton, with the metal cur-
rently trading between £940 and £930
1, . :

There are signs of an increasing
squeeze on grade A copper supplies,
particularly for the final month of the
forward contract and high grade cash
metal has been commanding a slight
premium over three months A grade
material. :
per stocks held at the LMH
warehouses have dwindled to a 10-,
month low of 132600 ‘tons with a
steady outflow of material evident
for the past five months. > ° | *

86



CHEMICALS :

IMPORTS OVERSHADOW EXPORTS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 30 May 86 p 21

[Article by Arnold van Hyyssteen]

{Text ]

ALTHOUGH ‘chemical exports in-
{creased over the past year on the |
., back of the low rand, there has as’)
;yet been no’ major volume in-.;

creases in foreign sales in an incus-:’

try that also feels the pinch of a-;
, Shrinking economy. :

SA exports and reexports of :
chemicals last year totalled.

R987,7m — 33%.up on the R742,7m *

earned in 1984. A spokesman for the

Department of ‘Trade and Indus-

tries says these exports grew ata.

compound rate of 145% a year '
since 1960 — when.they stood at

33,4 m. i

And first quarter exports in 1986

was also 29% up on 1985, says a .
«spokesman for Customs and Excise *

— R262,9m in 1986 against R201,9m

in 1985. ey

But this comforting ~- if unreal:
:istic — picture fades into relative +

obscurity when compared with the +

im of chemically-related pro- *

ducts. These stood at almost R1,8bn »

in 1984 and jum to nearly

R2,4bn in 1985. And import statis- =!

tics for the first quarter this year. ;

and last show the same picture — »

R516,4m in.1985 and R645,1m this,

year. poate wont

. “What we really need is a prop-
-erly managed, long-term industrial ;
, development strategy ‘with an ex-.:

port focus, jointly devised by gov-!'

ernment and the manufacturing ;

, sector. We must look at the strong {
points of our economy —. cheap <
coal and electricity, multitudes of

minerals — and then devise a 20-

ear, labour-intensive growth plan
for the economy,” says AECI group

MD Mike Sander. 5

He says, by way of example, that

81

, confidence in the local

" the products of a coal-based chemi-*
cal industry and the added value of:

a ferro-alloy industry, if developed

ifurther, could go a long way to- .

wards achieving the export poten- ,

“tial of the economy..
Existing idle indus|
of up to 50% could be utilised in an

capacity ..

export drive, but this cannot be «

-achieved overnight and would re-

quire a sustaine

long-term effort .

‘on the-part of industry to secure a ;

‘reliable’ position in an already
overtraded rt market.

«{_ “But we need to follow the exam-
ple of the Japanese, the South Ko-

» reans and the Taiwanese, who cre-

:, ated powerful industrial bases — in

; accordance with well thought out, ..

: long-term development policies —
from where they launched their ex-

ort thrusts into foreign markets. ..

‘he Japanese Ministry of Interna-
‘tional ci tt

rade and Industry (MITI) is .

an. example of; the secure, long- -
« term:,‘partnership’ between gov-

» ernment and industry.that we need

here,”. says Sander.

«The proposal requires. long-term .

government sup}
, vestment, in order to provide the
base, from

for local in-

* which marginal export trading can. -

be launched. “I do. not believe in ,

state subsidised exports, but in tax
relief. Protection against dumping
and distressed international prices
wouldjalso give industry the en-
- couragement:that they will not be
left ‘in::the lurch when the tide
turns,” adds Sander. .

Chairman of the Committee of -
Enquiry into Export Incentives Ba-
sie

leu says his committee is still
investigating the whole issue, but

JPRS~SSA~86+070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA


TPRS~SSA-86~0/0
8 July 1986

TANZANIA

ZANZIBAR TO REVIVE 25 STATE FACTORIES
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 29 May 86 p 3
[Article by Dainess-Mary Kuhanga]

[Text] The revolutionary government of Zanzibar intends to revive 25 state
factories most of which are now closed because of lack of inputs and spare
parts, the Minister for Finance, Ndugu Taimur Saleh Juma, told the Isles House
of Representatives here yesterday.

He said the government had no plan to build new ones, until these were working
efficiently. Ndugu Juma was answering Ndugu Suleiman Seif Hamad (Utaani) who
wanted to know the number of state-operated factories in Zanzibar and whether
the government intended to build new ones.

The Minister explained that the existing factories were very crucial to the
economy interms of their contribution to the government through sales taxes,
the goods they produced and other statutory levies to the Treasury.

They also helped to absorb a lot of people who would otherwise be unemployed
as well as produce consumer goods which the majority of people could afford to
buy.

For these considerations, the Government planned to allocate to the institu-
tions adequate capital and trained manpower and other inputs to ensure that
there was full utilisation of installed capacity.

He added that in this endeavour, private capital--foreign and local--would be
encouraged to take an effective part in their rehabilitation.

In another question, the Deputy Minister for Education Ndugu Rufea Juma Mbarouk,
admitted that low pay and poor working conditions were some of the factors
which were forcing experienced teachers to leave the Civil Service.

She however maintained that, teachers in Zanzibar received better salaries
compared to those drawn by other cadres in the public services with similar
qualifications and experience.

She said to make the teachers stick to their jobs, the Government was trying to
provide them with housing at low cost and giving bicycle loans as incentives.



JPRS*SSA*86~070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

COLUMNIST CRITICIZES POLICE QUESTIONING
Durban POST NATAL in English 4-7 Jun 86 p 12

[Article by Ameen Akhalwaya in "My View Colum"]

[Text ] {SUPPOSE ' I'm’ fortu-*
nate. Unlike several of #
my media colleagues, I
have not spent any con-.'
siderable length of time
in detention.

Unlike many South
Africans, I haven’t been:
raided: in the dead of *
night and taken away by <
the security police. a

Unlike Steve Biko,..
Imam Abdullah -Haroon, *
Ahmed Timol and others, 4
I didn’t die while I was in ‘
detention." 9
\-I’'m lucky. But that:
didn’t make me any hap
pier last Tuesday ‘night
when, while I was out, a ,
security policeman left. a:.,
message at my home, re-
questing that I call at
Protea police headquar-
ters in Soweto at 7.30am.
And that I bring my pass-
port and ID document i
along. NB: Urgent was
written in red on ‘the

note. = on
Now What had I done? |
Attempted to overthrow’:
the State? Broken the
myriad}security laws in .
any way?. Propagated
violence? -' © a
-That morning, the May -.
issue of my newspaper

The Indicator had hit '
the streets. It contained '.

several articles on the
10th ‘anniversary of the
Soweto student uprising ©
,on June 16, 1976. None

tof the articles was :-

{inflammatory. 7
* Among the articles, Dr

51

; Nthato’ Motlana of the;
| UDF-affiliated Soweto
1 Civie Association had
+ written about the Black
, Parents’ Association 1976
! to: the NECC: 1986, Na-}
1; tional Forum and Azapo’:
* leader Mr Saths Cooper
: had:wrltten one deplor-’
ing the black on black‘.
{ violence. ‘Farouk Asvat’s ,
"June 16 poetry was pub- -
: lished, Black media *
** workers’ leader Mr Joe '
Thloloe had told how,
, Since 1976, black journ:
‘ ists had paid the price for
‘commitment. oe
The Thioloe piece, it
turned out, was the su-
{ preme irony. Had I had
% been a white editor, no
'. doubt the police would.+
have visited my office to
/ question me. Being black,
¥ [had to report at 7.30am:
».to the police."
I called colleagues who ©
have. had ‘more. experi-
ence about. security po-
®, lice matters. “You have
little choice,” they said.
©"T¢ you don’t report, to
them, ‘the chances’ ar
they’ll come and pick you~;
“up at home. Although -
» their ‘invitation’ is not a
legal summons, it’s best
to get.it over and done

With OEP a

Next morning, lawyer *
Priscilla Jana phoned the

3 police, asking what I was’:

wanted for,.and saying |;

she would accompany me... -

should I be required to *

© make a statement. .° .



JPRS“SSA-86~070
8 July 1986

suppliers, although 21% of businesses polled report they were overstocked.
Wholesalers expect prices to rise. The ratail trade, too, experienced an
increase in sales. [Text] [By Harold Fridjhon] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY
in English 29 May 86 p 3] /9274

ORANGE RIVER DEVELOPMENT PROJECT--Cape Town--A total of R64.1 m is earmarked
for expenditure on the Orange River development project in the 1986/7 financial
year, the Minister of Agricultural Economics and Water Affairs, Mr Greyling
Wentzel, has disclosed.. The complete date for the project involving three
separate schemes has been brought forward as part of the job-creation programme
in the Eastern Cape. Replying to a written question from the PFP MP for Port
Elizabeth Central, Mr John Malcomess, the minister said the expenditure was
submject to the allocation of the necessary funds from the Treasury and approval
by Parliament. The minister said it was intended to spend a total of R306.7m
on the project at 1986 prices, a further R63.9m being allocated for 1987/8 and
R55m for 1988/9. He added that totals of R45.8m, R45m, and R32.9m would be
spent in subsequent years. [Text] [East London DAILY DISPATCH in English

21 May 86 p 5] /9274

NEW FISHING TiCHNIQUES URGED--Cape Town--South African fishermen should learn
the "long line netting" technique to catch fish outside the country's territor-
ial waters, the Minister of Environment Affairs and Tourism, Mr John Wiley,
said in the House of Delegates yesterday. "By so doing we too can fish these
waters where Japanese and Taiwanese fishermen are now catching," he said. He
said no foreigners were fishing inside the Republic's territorial waters, but
the "international community" was raping the South West African waters. Fish-
ermen from four foreign nations were entitled to catch a total of 140,000 tons
of fish outside of South Africa's waters. The position was being watched
mete he said. [Text] [East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 21 May 86
p 5} /9274

RECORD WOOL EARNINGS--For the third consecutive year the South African wool
industry earned a record income from wool sales and this season's market
realisation came to R428 million. This is 6.3 percent higher than the pre-
vious season when R402.8 million was realised. This was made known in
Pretoria at the weekend in a statement by the Wool Board after the season drew
to a close when the last auction was held in Port Elizabeth last week. The
chairman of the Wool Board, Pieter van Rooyen said in the statement the most
important reason for the increase in income was the low value of the rand
against the currencies of the most important wool importing countries,
especially during the first half of the season. During the course of the
season the value of the rand fluctuated by up to 30 percent, which hampered
trading couditions. However, exchange rates were monitored throughout, and
reserve prices were adjusted accordingly. This resulted in farmers receiving
the full.value for their wool. Mr Van Rooyen said the increase in income oc-
curred in spite fo a further drop in wool production by 5.6 percent to 02.7
million kg. . The low production figure can be attributed to the drought, which
since 1980 has caused extensive damage to natyral grazing, as well as more
favourable prices for mohair and meat. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in
English 2.Jun 86 p 24] /9274

CsO: 3400/1925

93



JPRS*SSA*86-070

8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

FARMERS' DEBT GROWS, COOPERATIVES UNDER GREATER PRESSURE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Jun 86 p 17

[Article by Sue Leeman]

[Text ]

South African farmers are now ;
in debt to the tune of more than ,
R11 000 million — and co-oper-;
atives are under great finan-
cial pressure, according to!
chief director of the North;
. Western Co-operative, Dr AP;
Scholtz. Pads a

Dr Scholtz told a conference ;
of agricultural co-operatives in
Pretoria yesterday that about;
R2739 million — 24,6 percent .:.
—~ of farmers’ overall debt had
been financed by co-operatives. :

At the end of 1985, he said, *
the co-operatives owed the.
Land Bank a.‘total of |
R2739 million, R1698 of which ;
‘was emergency aid to farmers. 4

Dr Scholtz said there were~
considerable risks for: the co-4
ops in extending this kind of |
credit and most administered
these loans on’ exceptionally
low margins. ~ oo!

Since 1982, there had been a
rapid decline in the finances of
co-ops as a result of the emer- «
“gency aid they were supplying. *

For one thing, their.own cap- *,
ital now made up only 27,7 per-
cent of their total financing ©
and they were becoming more:
dependent on loans with ever-;
increasing interest rates. | °° "/4

19274
csO: 3400/1933

‘PERTINENT: $71
“The co-operatives ate going!
to have to ask themselves if’
‘they are happy to and capable;
© of continuing to take the. re-,
* sponsiblity for. emergency aid
“i particularly’ that-of farm=;
ers rolled-over debt. :'s: ‘y
“This question is particularly ,
} pertinent because the Govern; :
“ment :does‘ not guarantee’ un-
qualified security to co-ops for ;
--such emergency aid. ° Pare
+: “In reality, the co-ops fi
Tatil held accountable for’ any,
‘,elaims until they have proved |
>that any credit granted cor if
plies with the Land Bank’

qulations. 05 :
y. "The bad debt which can
‘arise from this is not.takeh”

wer by the State”.y54. % ae
[apts this the po ores
spl s the cp-ops. should Bae
on financing farmers tate ee
tent they had in the past.-~ but:
} they should look for ways to:
© augment their own capital. i
Minister. of Agriculture and

i Water Supplies ‘Mr Sarel”
‘Hayward, who opened the con-
+ ference, said‘he had initiated”
» negotiations between financial
“institutions to formulate a®
‘clearer: strategy for granting -
credit to farmers. -~% fe Be

eed

72

+ GREATEST INCREASE. -

~ He said the private sector
“had an important role.

“ Between 1981 and 1984 agri-
{cultural assets increased by :
| 40 percent while its debts rose
: by 147 percent. a Say
+ The greatest increase in debt
‘had been among those offering
\ largely short-term credit, such
as commercial. banks and co-.
/ operatives. .- - + :
j::- Producers were now finding
' it difficult to meet their debts, ”

even in good years.
|» Poor financing norms, the
:unco-ordinated granting of
leredit and too much liquidity

among credit institutions in ‘
‘ times of prosperity were some ‘

causes, i
y. It was vital for all interested
institutions to work out a joint
j Strategy. ° at

jo He had requested an investi-

; gation into ‘merging the Land

Bank and the Agricultural

redit Board. « .
“These are institutions which

; provide credit largely on the‘
pasis of ability to pay rather:

'than pure security ‘— an excep-

itionally healthy approach

‘which must be expanded.” + ~



JPRS*SSA*86-0/0

8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

MORE BLACK PARTICIPATION IN COURTS SEEN NECESSARY

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 28 May 86 p 6

[Commentary by Radford Jordan]
[Text ] :

.CCORDING to a recent sur-
vey; 80% of blacks in SA-:
erceive the capitalist Sys- .
: m_as one which does not ?
benefit them. It seems likely that 4
‘a similar percentage have an un-.}
‘favourable, or at-least a nega +
, tive, perception of our courts and
that even very substantial’
changes in the administration of
justice would not change this, at !
any rate in the short run. “"":
e Hoexter Commission, which
made the most thoroughgoing in-
vestigation ever of the working of
our courts, touched on their impact
upon blacks at important points.
It could do no more than ‘this
because its terms of reference took °
no special account of blacks as :
such; they related to questions like
those of reducing legal costs and ;
making court proceedings quicker 3
and more efficient. acral
Change in these’ directions can"
hardly fail to benefit blacks and, -
indeed, the small claims courts *
which haye come into existence in <
response to the Commission’s '
recommendation will probably be
of even greater advantage to them :
than to others. md
This is equally true of a number °
of other changes recommended by ;
the Commission. tn a
It drew attention to the need for :
basic reforms of the system of le-*;
gal aid. This should be controlled
by the legal profession itself and *
not by public servants. ©."

"The "Commission noted that a
: very small proportion of those who
- obtained legal aid were Africans,
and it clearly hoped that this would
; change if legal aid were no longer
seen as linked with the state.

H.. the Commission’s thinking ©
seems potentially to challenge the
very idea that, what is termed in
5 ion 68 of our constitution, “the
| judicial authority” should form
art of the state: should not: the
usiness of judging be, if not priva-
tised, at least professionalised in
the sense that those who practise it
| should form a completely self-goy-
erning body, as do advocates and

attorneys? .
That the Commission was will-
ing to go some way in this direction.
iis shown by its recommendation
that those magistrates who preside:
‘over court hearings should cease to
“\be members of the public service .
“(and should have exactly the same‘:
jégree of independence as judges:
f the Supreme Court. ;
‘Unfortunately, the formal inde-
pendence of those engaged in judg-.
ing ‘will not come iacross to the
ordinary black until the judicial
thority is given a law-making
/. power to enable it to check police
action to defeat the ends of justice. :
“& This is especially true as re- ©

= ards the treatment of persons in -

* dentention.

33



19274
cso:

3400/1928

‘accommodation in the park:

; The only exception is Man-
yeleti, which the National
Parks Board helped, devel-*
op but which it no longer ad-"
ministers. The park, which

‘fs controlled by the Gazan-’

-kulu Government, is for
blacks only.

Private game parks in the
province, with a few excep-}
tions, are multiracial. « «+ 7%

These include: Game Safa
ris Lodge (near: Kruger Na-
tional Park), Londolozi gam«
reserve (near Kruger Nation-
‘al Park), the Rattray Re-
serves of Mala Mala, Kirk-

man’s Camp and Harvey's:

Huts, Motswari and M’bali
lodges, Sabi Sabi and the:
Ulusaba Rock Lodge

NATAL:

The Natal Parks Board con-
trols the 53 parks, nature re-
serves and resorts in Natal
and kwaZulu. ty

The most’ important of;

these include Queen Eliza-
beth Park, the game re-
serves of Hluhluwe, Umfolo-
zi, Mkuzi, St Lucia, Italia,
_Giant’s Castle and Ndumu,
and the Royal Natal Nation--
al Park. These facili
‘open to all. O85

Natal Parks Board infor-

mation officer June Payne

said the reserves had been~

multiracial for some time al-
though the public resorts «
; Were only, recently opened toi

jCAPE:

'The National: Parks Board <
‘controls five reserves in the -
:province.’ These are the
‘Mountain Zebra National |
;Park, Tsitsikama Forest and ;

ened

'Coastal"Natlonal Park, Wil-”
derness Lake Area, the Bon-
, tebok National Park, Augra-
‘bies Falls and the Kalahari
,Gemsbok National Park.;
| | They are open to all races. #4

The Cape Provincial Ad-
ministration controls a fur- .
ther.85 reserves, which are
also open to all races. The
‘largest include the De Hoop
‘Nature Reserve, the Karoo_
Nature Reserve and the
Ovistan Nature Reserve.

'- Tt-also subsidises some 60
‘proclaimed nature reserves
falling under the jurisdiction
‘of municipalities. Most_of”
them admit all races. ;

FREE STATE:
There is only one national
, ;park.in the province, the
' 1Golden Gate Highlands Na-
; tional Park near Bethlehem.
The reserve, which has
{two rest camps, a youth
; camp and 200 camping spots,
fis open to all'races, says the
: National Parks Board.

“The Free State Provincial
{ ‘Administration controls the
 Erfenis Nature Reserve,
’ Kalkfontein, Koppies Dam,
Soetdoring Nature Reserve,
2$terkfontein Dam, Sandveld
; Nature Reserve, Game
‘Farm Tussen-die-Riviere,
Hendrik Verwoerd Dam, Wil-
:lem Pretorius Game Re-
serve and Allemanskraal.

i... Day visitors of all races
are admitted, =. i. {

” According to the provin-
cial administration, resorts.
:at- the Hendrik. Verwoerd
Dam, Maselspoort, Jim
Fouche:Dam and Willem
Pretorius Game Reserve are
{ multiracial. ~

45



PSYCHIATRIST COMMENTS ON BLACK CHILD'S VIOLENT WORLD

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 3 Jun 86 p 3

[Article by Joe Openshaw]

[Text ]

19274
cso:

3400/1932

‘Black children have no roots, no past and’ precious:
little present and there is little to live for if things do:
{not change,’ Dr C'W. Allwood; chief psychiatrist. at:
‘Baragwanath Hospital told a. symposium On ‘on yirom:
Violence to Healing”: in Johannesburg yes terday."
'.” He addressed the symposium —~ held un under the aus)
iPlees ices of the Johannesburg Hospital Board and organ-
d_ by the hospital chaplains of the NGK in the;
on’ “Psychological: Violence,
:and Healing”. Lele Sed Ve ot
{ He said it ecessary to-look at the ‘violent;
:effects of:a ‘discriminatory Society where black chil-
dren were bewildered and d hurnlliated Be #
¥ aia
2 {Oe MATE SMOULDERS |;
He said the black ‘child saw her: father degré 3
and humiliated when he was called‘“boy” in her press)
sence. He spoke of the violence involved in controlling,:
‘moving, disrupting and displacing people, #3116 744
“ “Anger grows, hate: smoulders!. The=-traditlonalt
‘child- l-rearing practices of black society have broken?
, down. Illegitimacy.has soared and. children know lit:i
‘tle stability, love or.security: #3 0 swstsietagt
“They have grown up in a society where their ‘pari
jents have no rights and no power over their:lives. «+
+°"““'The children have “nothing to -lose by following:
‘their instinctive drives ‘of sex, love and. hate a
for immediate gratification and excitement.«is $4
' “Havihg no ‘roots, no:past and precious. little pres-;
‘ent there is little to live for if things do not.change.”,:i,

“Southern Transvaal

50

JPRS-85A«86~070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA


APARTHEID LINKED TO MENTAL HEALTH AT CONFERENCE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 19 May 86 p 13

[Text ]

If fundamental change is
to occur in South Africa,
mental health profes-
sionals must challenge
apartheid on all levels —
they have been on the
sidelines for too long.

This was the call to
delegates to the Organi-
sation for Appropriate
Social Services in South
Africa conference on
apartheid and mental
health in Johannesburg
at the weekend.

The call was made by
chairman Mr Lloyd Vo-
gelman.

He said that in order
to make South Africa
more psychologically
healthy, and to resolve
the crises of mental
health, it was necessary
for mental health profes-
sionals to engage in poli-
tics.

Politico-economic con-
ditions affect the mental
health of most South
Africans.

“The conflict in South
Africa is not easily re-
solvable.

“Peace is what we
want, but it will not
occur without freedom,”
he told an audience of
300 psychiatrists, psy-
chologists aand social
welfare workers.

Within the health
sphere, mental health

46

professionals have been
slow to respond to the
social context of depri-
vation.

Questions which need-
ed answers were:

@ Why there is such a
large incidence of re-
tarded psycho-motor de-
velopment among black,
coloured and Indian chil-
dren because of malnu-
trition and kwashiokor
and, until 1983, few cases
had been reported
among white children?

@ Why, among blacks
and coloureds, there are
higher rates of alcohol
abuse and alcohol-relat-
ed disabilities?

@ Why South Africa has
one of the highest suicide
rates in Africa?.

Psycho-social stresses
of apartheid may be the
reason for South Africa's
high incidence of suicide
and family murders, said
Mr Vogelman.

Factors leading to
stress are the four mil-
lion jobless — it is esti-
mated that 2000 jobs a
day must be created if
the country is to rid it-
self of unemployment —
and the likelihood that
those blacks who have
work earn less than R300
a month.

The infant mortality
rate, a good reflection of

ypRs-SSA~86-070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA


COURT FREEZES UTAH DEALS IN GOLD, MINERAL MINES

JPRS*SSA~86~070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRitaA

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 22 May 86 pp 1, 2

(Article by Brian Zlotnick]

[Text ]

WORCESTER Gold Mine succeeded in
the Rand Supreme Court on Tuesday in :
bringing an Finterdict preventing Utah »
International from disinvesting or deal- .,
in, aa its wholly-owned SA and Nambian”
interests,
t ction against Utah was brought by
"Wonester'e lawyers, GB Liebmann,
Behrmann & Co, after a decision by Utah
to pull out of a merger with Worcester.
tah is the Californian-based mining -
* subsidiary of Australian: ;Blant Broken
: Hill Proprietary. .
SA interests are held by Southern ;
Sphere, which is actively involved in dia-*
mond mining at Taung; in Bophutha- *
: tswana, and has mineral deposits which : i
include chromite, nickel id and tanta-.
‘lite in Nambia. Pere
+ The Worcester group’is involved ‘in
Id mining on a small scale in the Bar.
n area and has the second lar;
| mineral rights after Anglovaal in:
area,
The merger was intended to lead to: a’
+ stock exchange list by June, 9: *%
:.» In terms of pro| outlined by mer-
chant bankers Mereabank, the enlarged
> group was to have raised about R20m,,
through a public share offer and to: ini-;3
, tially have had a market capitalisation, H
"of about Ré0m.

Pe a hte ma wa

to establish grassroot mines and provide. j
- existing mines with much-needed;
finance t lift Production and profitabill- i

ty.

Utah was to have held the majority of |
the equity (49%) and and Yould have been
relieved of the need to commit
funds from abroad to finance mining op-,
erations.

Moreover, it may well have intended.

to sell some of its shares, idate a loan
of some R15m and repat the pro-

19274
csO: 3400/1925

75

ceeds.

Profitability forecasts suggest that the
| enlarged group would by 1990 have a
total revenue of R33,9m and pre-tax pro-
‘fits of R15,5m.
\ Worcester contends that the merger is
‘legally binding and that Utah is plannin,
(er to disinvest itself of the disput:

interests.

Director Bernt Honeth says the inter-
‘dict will also prevent Southern from
‘closing certain operations and laying off
‘staff (a few hundred) who would be cru-
cial to sucessfully implementing the
mer, er.

e are also negotiating with other
ie sk to buy out Utah and proceed with

e JSE listing,” he added.

It is understood that major SA mining
houses have held negotiations about ac-
quiring Utah's wholly-owned SA mining
interests.

Anglovaal confirmed yesterday that
recent low-level discussions have taken

«place with Southern Sphere. Apparently
|nothing has come of them.
| Utah’s latest disinvestment mover
‘have so far not involved its important
70% stake in significant steam coal re-
serves at Delmas and a 30% holding in a
old mining project near Anglovaai's
Eorraine.

Anglovaal is in partnership with Utah
in these two projects and denies that it
has been approached to buy out its part-
ner.

In terms of the court interdict, Utah is
to file answering affidavits by June 3.

Action to enforce the merger is to be
immediately instituted by Worcester
says, Benjamin Liebmann.

joneth insists his prime intention is
that the merger and listing should pro-
ceed and that out-of-court settlement
discusions are continuing.



WEAKER RAND DISGUISES MINERAL EXPORT SITUATION

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 30 May 86 p 16

{Article by Roy Bennetts]

[Text ]

ON THE surface, last year’s mineral ~

sales hit record heights clim!
from just over R19bn in 1984 to nearly
to R25,9bn, with mining companies
ing Sy-high profit, Unforienately
y-1 rofits, Unfortunately, .
ie ang, gh profits Unfertunately, :
to the downward slide of the rand '
against the dollar. .
- During 1984, ex; accounted for
84% of the
sale’s revenue, in| $11,1bn into
the count against a rand
ivalued at $0,69. bee

east ir export sales rose to 87%
of
climbing by 40% to R22,5bn.

3 However, this gained the’ lower
amount of $10,4bn because of the’
rand’s slide to an average of $0,46 for

the year. .
Calculated against the dollar, the
value of local and export mineral
sales ped by nearly 10%, from
$13,2bn in 1984 to $11,9bn last year. °

’s total mineral ~

Gold continued to lead the field -

inspite of a drop in luction from
G80 tons 19 610 tons 7

revenue for the metal
jumped by 32% from Ril,6bn to
15,3bn but in dollar terms fell by
11% from $7,9bn to just over $7bn.

In the context of the gold price

cant change in the average
the current year.

During January, dollar gold prices
improved and touched $380 at one
point. However, the upward trend
was seen by some analysts as a cover-
ing of short positions rather than a
-net new phase of demand.

At the Megining of 1985, when the
doliar was particularly strong, it ap.
peared reasonable that dollar gold
prices would improve as the dollar’
parity, against other major curren--

there is little to suggest any signifi-
for

e oil.
yo" The halting

ee

oe |

ee 5 te

cles, retur1 normal levels. :
In practice, this did not happen;
‘dollar gold prices remained sul

to more

1 value of mineral sales, °° tially unchanged as prices in other

currencies eased.

‘This leads analysts to reiterate that ‘~
the dollar value of the metal remains’ *:

the determining factor in the market,
at least in periods of weak gold i

OCoal was the shooting star of the

last year with an 83% gain in export *

values’ from Ri7bn ey aa i
tonnage increas .
million, tons.” But, alike gold, this
resulted in an increase of foreign cur-..
Tency from nearly $1,2bn to $1,4bn.

‘Outlook

Local sales values were increased '
11,6% at R1,9bn, with a marginal
in the amount sold at 124-1 :

However, the outlook for SA coal.
rather black, with first boy-

from several Eur coun- -
tries followed by a crash in the price

of crude oil. - :

of SA coal shipments
by. France and Denmark is :

*to'release up to 6,5-million tons of °

steam coal onto the oversupplied in- *
ternational market. « _

“This in turn will help to further ©

depress the price paid by consumers, *

85

JPRS~S54.
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

which is believed to be at the already
uncomfortable level of $30 a ton.
Brokers are already predicting ex,
ports in the current year will not rise
above the previous year’s 44-million - :
tons which, at the lower sales price,
could mean a drop of: nearly} toon in
exports values, provided re-
‘mains at its present levels. :
“Present world coal production is ~
now sufficiently high ‘ie allow for the
complete banning ex :
which would delight rival produces
and exporters Australia and Colum- «
CSA diamonds sales last year gained

nearly: 49% in value at R773,6m
(8, compared with R519,4m

($358,4m) in the previous year, with a
al decrease in the amount of
carats sold at 9,6-million.

De Beers’ Central Selling Organisa-
tion report total sales of rough dia- .
monds in 1985 increased by’ 13% to *

+ $1,8bn, yrith world renading tho ied
mond lery exceed e
figure ire oe .

- ° Production from the De Beers .
mines and Debswana, in which De‘
Beers has an equal partnership with
the Botswana government, by
85 000 carats to 23,2-million carats. .

86-079


19274
CSO:

3400/1928

While :the conservative ~~

+ .military government headed

by Major-General Metsing”
* Lekhariya has taken a firm

i line on curbing the ANC,

~ strong sympathy for the’
; ‘ANC is beliéved still to exist: ;
in official circles in Maseru, -

= especially in the palace. *

King Moshoeshoe II, who -
chas been given executive’

by the military gov-

ernment, has appointed at

¥ Teast two Cabinet. Ministers

;, with strong ANC nec-

Vi tions, Ss

“. . PROSPERITY

The Lesotho Highlands

+ scheme is due to start pour-

«ing into the Vaal in 1995, just .
- when consumption inthe, '

PY; complex starts exceed.
xisting supplies,"

} Generate electricity.“

Pretoria‘s reluctance to go ,

* ahead with the scheme with-;
* out firm curbs on the. ANC is

two factors, “272°.
First, there could be
strong political ‘objections in

- South Africa to involvement

_ in a scheme of this magni-

* tude in a country that could
be , providing shelter to ANC
activists. °° © 0%”

Second, Pretoria is though!

40

ity.to Lesotho, hugely
_ increasing its revenue, creat-:/
: dng a series of mountain =
: lakes to attract tourists and

understood to be. based on:{ |'

to be hesitant about exposiiigTM
vital water supplies to being
cut off by ANC saboteurs in:
- another : country, "expecially «
one with past and possibly
- continuing sympathy for. the.
ANC. 3) - fea
The examples of the Ca
hora Bassa in Mozambique
and the Ruacang project in

‘by opponents of the Lesotho
1 By epponents.of fh th

The question of diplomatic

;, Tepresentation is involved in
[ “the Lesotho Highlands issue
[> because it will be necessary °
| for South Africa to have a
! presence in Lesotho to look
after its interests during the

: construction and sul juent-
ly the operation. of. the
ect; pesexonnes yi

~""" AMBASSADOR — }.'
It is not known ‘what form
of representation South Afri-
ca has proposed, but Pre-
toria.would obviously prefer
to have full diplomatic rela-
tions at ambassadorial level.
: At present Malawi is the
only African ‘country; with
which South Africa hag such
relations. . at
}. Pretoria would obviously -
-not like to go ahead with the
Lesotho: Highlands scheme
without diplomatic relations,
“when the Soviet Union and
*-other communist countries,
- on which Lesotho is not de-
| pendent, have embassies: in’
Maseru.!' ?:! a et



JPRS-SSA-86-070
8 JULY 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

German Assistance Agreement, Allocation to Economy Described
(DAILY TIMES, 29 May 86).......

Government Anxious To Tap Tourist Potential, Hotels Planned
(Samuel Chunga; DAILY TIMES, 28 May 86).......+seeeeeeeeees 3

Mining Licences Sought, Mineral Survey Update
(Chatonda Mhone; DAILY TIMES, 26 May 86)...---+seceeeeseeee 5

TANZANIA

French Grant To Rehabilitate Dar es Salaam Airport
(James Mwakisyala; DAILY NEWS, 17 May 86)....-++eeseeeeeeee 6

Danish Agency To Provide Equipment for Water Project
(Elizabeth Marealle; DAILY NEWS, 23 May 86)....+.+esesseeee 8

Zanzibar To Revive 25 State Factories
(Dainess-Mary Kuhanga; DAILY NEWS, 29 May 86) cee eee eee eoeee 9

Iringa—Dodoma Inauguration Marks End of Electricity Shortage

(Zephania Ubwani; DAILY NEWS, 16 May 1.) rs ~ i

Gold Mining Company Plans Repairs To Raise Production
(DAILY NEWS, 28 May 86)....-.sceeesccceccrcecececescesceree 12

Briefs
Zanzibar Launches First Co-op . 13



ditions of ‘Employmenty
** Act providing appropri-
"ate minimum condi-!
tions and the Machinery *
and Occupational, Safe-":
- ty Act. pera
A statement on the ~
FCI's attitude to these /
¥ issies: was requested by.{
“*a Parliamentary Stand-
. ing Committee on Manti
!. power. According to in- :
‘ “formed — sources © this
may indicate that the ‘
*-Government is rethink. "i
ing its position on farm.
workers, although Man-
power Minister Mr Pie-
* tie du Plessis told Par-*:
* liament no new laws on:
; the subject were antici- :!
* ‘pated this session. ah
, Observers ~~ “haveTM;
warned that attempts to °
improve the lot of farm
workers will inevitably
# result in farmers turn-;
4 ing to mechanisation.*
It has been estimated,
that the present number ,
of agricultural workers :
(1,5 million according. to
the National Manpower,’
Commission) will drop:
» to 800000 in the year?!
44 2000 if present-.trends }
continue, i vee
* Economic. conditions
; have put the squeeze on }

19274. .
cso: 3400/1932

farmers; Téading Fanis:
- ter. Pietie du Plessis to
ia warn that farm workers |
‘could price themselyes;!
wut of the market." |

‘Yet'Dr Norman Lev:
a South . African aca-'
demic now resident in’
!: Britain, pointed out in a
“report prepared for the
'-International labour Or- :
. ganisation (ILO) that at:
- -piesent “the only: limit «
“on ‘how..low a ! farm
worker’s wages :can
is starvation”: ‘

; °-'The report, published
ILO bulletin: last
“7 Claimed that
ith, African “farmers |
used ‘60000 “ child .ila+5
+ bourers, many in ‘the: 8
, 14 age bracket.’ It: also |
é, estimated that on.aver-}
‘age: 1600 workers died;
each. year: of pesticide;
*:. poisoning - and related:
ye diseases. -),"* ead
Cosatu’s general
Ssretary. Jay Naidoo, told:
The. Sunday ‘Star’ that:
¥“sinee the formation of:
‘.Cosatu there has been a;
=: surge in enthusiasm for ‘
t workers’ rights that has *
* caused them to stand Up

de .

‘resources ' director ; for
; the Premier Group nd"
vice chairman of the in;

. ‘dustrial relations‘ com-
‘mittee of the Federated °:
Chamber of “Industries
(FCI) drafted the report ,.

‘which, spelt, “out the
FCT’s.. views \6n- farm’

|, worker unionisation.

“The: introduction

* collective « bargaining ;

63

TM

F standards legislation
+ will not, in our view, ac-
celeratethe rate of

unionisation, _ neither
pill the withholding of

his inevitable process,”
e noted.
fr Childs told The Sun-
1, day Star that the Gov-
ernment’s ultimate de-
|” cision on whether or not
+ to include farm workers
under collective bar-
| gaining and minimum
, Standards - legislation
would be, in his opinion,
‘political”. i
Alternatively, the
FCI recommended a
[ ““plausible but less satis-
factory - alternative”
| that might be more “di-

gestible” for the Gov-
ernment. -;

Section 51(a) of the
Labour Relations Act:
enables the Minister of
Manpower to make an
order covering any
ffacet of employment.

The «Minister could

E

k use this clause to “se-
} lectively”» include al-;
ready unionised work-*
i:.ers under the scope of
i industrial relations.
{ *” This would facilitate
: Yecognition agreements
} between employers and
workers, if these laws
« could not be extended to
j the entire agricultural
7:Sector.” °°

legislation ‘and basicTM

such legislation retard :



The authorities cannot *

move simply into the set=,
tlement and bulldoze the
shacks because the set-

tlement is private prop-:

‘erty. And the authorities“

‘can only clear it if asked
to do so by the trustees. .
For the trustees, this op-
tion is politically not vir
able.

“We, above all people,
understand the agony of
forced removals, and-

cannot call the police to”

remove thé sq’
Mr Ramgobin said.
“We understand the’

‘plight .of- people in re-.

spect of housing and:
land.” Be
* The squatters say they o
have been told by the po-
‘ice that their. shacks
swould. be bulldozed .if
they occupied the vacant
plot across the road from
:the settlement, “Here; we}
know we are safe.-The '

"out of control, he said.

poli at come here,” °
‘one of the squatters said. .
Mr Ramgobin said the

“armed tontingent” had?
moved in,tloser to the +
settlementzand were in’
the vicinity. of the. clinic: »
The situation was gettin,

“The ‘trustees are in a3
: classic Catch-22 situa-5
-tion.: They: cannot allows
the squatters :to continue !
living on the property -

This Is Why We Have To Build Our Shacks Here...

CONSTRUCTION of | the shack 9 was al
most a work of art . &

‘Long sticks wete carefully’ “nailed ‘int
place tt definite intervals on four upright
corner posts. Window: and door. frames
were placed at

tions.

Naty sre

feald for warmth between the open ‘walls.
The architect,::builder, ‘carpenter, -
{ {mutes and home-owner, Simon. (not his

way,

He is one of the n ‘guey ‘eagle “who has

fully. planned po:

> taken refuge on the Gandhi settlement and

‘for himi — like many others of the squat:

j ters I spoke to" there was no other op:
* tion,

“| was employed by a packing company
{until January this year.:1 was eaining
R300 a month and i lived with my fami-
ly in Umlazi,” Simon said. :
+ “Then one day, they. told me there was
‘no job left for me. I had to go.
* “I was hot: working anymore. I could: »
not afford to carry on. living in Umlazi.
“There was money for rent. We had to go.
“* “We went to Malakazi first, but there”
was no place for us there: Then we went

19274

cs0: 3400/1919

who to all appear--:~
ances seemed to be making mudpies —.
mashed down heaps of watered-down clay;

:' This'was then carted over to the “con-':
struction site” where the mud was packed
‘solidly between the sticks.to form walls.

isPhe entire process: ‘moved, along at

to Inandi
here”.

‘the health threat poséd=
“by overcrowding is a
problem.

They cannot move.
‘them by peaceful means ‘

ie the people on the set-

tlement are there be-
cause they have nowhere ,
else to go. And they can-
not move them by force ;
‘= the inheritors of Gand- “.
hi’s legacy have realised -
that the international re- °
percussions’ would be. too
severe.

nd. i'from t there. we re moved

?The shack,” when ‘complete, would have
two roonis ~*a‘living area, and a sleeping’

rea. The walls: would be :cemented
‘and painted. The tin-roof would be securé~
ly nailed down, and proper windows and
door with a lock put-in. This was aft
his home for the foreseeable futu:
‘The settlenient; Simon said, was.one ef
the few: “safe”, places left’ for’ squatters;,

over,

Just across the road, people who had con-|

ructed similar, homes: had by

e;
“ owners. I thought you ware the owner.” 1%

them

by.

A ‘The biggest problem facing, the squat.

‘friends in the township.
here were taips there:

Vs
Building the shack Is costing him about

fers, he says,.is’ getting fresh water.
‘anked water is sold at four cents for 25.

“litres. Some people were: lucky’ and. had.

ad

R600 — money out of savings accumulat-
ed over the years in a post office account.

:,He said‘he would look for casual work to,

support his family until he is able Bet a

full-time job. © «

None of the squatters wanted thelr
names published or photographs taken.
,, If you put our names and pictures, the

police come looking for us;” Simon said.

He did not know of anyone on the camp

.. who had been asked to carry weapons:
Nor had he been asked to pay rent to
\ anyone, There was no impi giving orders. *

“I’m not looking for trouble..I’m hi
~ because Thave no other place to go.) "3*



The municipality, says Tolmay, is negotiating with only seven of the com
panies that were contacted, and none of them can be described as majors. If
all relocate to the town, six will employ 200 people each and one will have
vacancies for 400.

"We are trying to bring in industries like clothing and textiles, which are
labour-intensive, as well as undertakings which are major water consumers,"
Tolmay explains. "There is no shortage of that commodity in the Richards

Bay area."

For all that, there has been some response over the last few years, he says.
Even before the campaign, nearly 30 new service industries set up in the town
over a two-month period. And in the last 14 months, 18 small manufacturing
concerns also came on stream.

The decentralisation incentives are the major come-on. They include rental
and interest subsidies amounting to about 45% of the cost of their factories,
buildings and land, and housing interest subsidies of 50% for key personnel.

Also, government grants a monthly employment subsidy of R80/worker for seven
years.

"Land prices," Tolmay adds, "are keen, ranging between R11,50/m2 and R1L6.50/m2
for 1,000 m2 residential plots. Service-industry sites are on the market for
around R29.80/m2, with commercial ground going for around R65/m2.""

An added bonus: land for parking is provided free.

General industrial ground, Tolmay points out, is selling at about R12.50/m2
without rail facilities. With rail service, the asking price is around
R18. 50/m2.

19274
cso: 3400/1989

98



specific issues for the agenda. issues
then raised were those of the national
convention, education and disinvestment.
For example, once Action Youth put
forward May Day action as an issue for
forum discussion, various NF area
committees sounded out constituent
organisations. They are ali notified of
the agenda ~ ou paper if possible, by
telephone if time is short. But
representatives at the forum itself
cannot lobby for a draft resolution
before the debate, because that would be
undemocratic.

Recently the NF seems to have tried to
offer an olive branch to the UDF.

We never severed relations with the UDF.
But we hold to the right to criticise |
their or anyone's practi
principles, ardar to
those areas that we have in common
in the proce i int action, Lo
develop a basis for unity in struggle.

We see the outcome of this as
particularly urgent now, after more than
a year of internecine black~on~black
violence. Our interest in unity or co-
operation is not because we see
ourselves as being sidelined; unlike the
UDF we have not striven to maintain a
high media profile, with national
publicity campaigns around the issues we
undertake. We prefer the publicity te go
to the credit of organisations in the
field.

ip

What is your attitude to the
proliferation of local~level street and
area committees and people's courts,
often run by UDF affiliates?

We support development of strong
people's organisations, whatever their
affiliation, as long as they do not
serve the ruling class. But we are
dubious of coercive measures which
weaken the image of resistance in the
communities. Rather than force, there
should be a process of conscientisation.
Popular leaders are supposed to be

23

representative, and if they use coercive
tactics it lessens the appeal of the
struggle among the masses. Activists
should not make people lose hope and
faith in the harbingers of freedom.

What does socialism mean to the wide
range of NF organisations which espouse
At?

We have no models, in that we do not
espouse the Soviet or Chinese or any
other existing system, though other
struggles may provide pointers. Rather
we see the move towards socialism as a
process of dealing with specific local
problems and issues on a principled
basis. Because the NF is coherent as to
its goal, it can tolerate differences in
approach, tactics and strategy.

The NF is often accused of being
dominated by intellectuals, and as such
cut off from the grassroots.

Many of our leaders, like the UDF's, are
intellectuals. The issue is whether they
represent the interests of their
constituencies, especially working-class
interests. People like the Council of
Unions of SA's Phiroshaw Camay and the
Azanian Confederation of Trade Unions’
Pandelani Nefolovhodwe are in a sense
intellectuals, but represent workers'
interests.

The question is not so much the class
origins of activists, as the structure
within which we operate, and the degree
to which it furthers an alternative
South Africa. For example, in a number
of cases where NF officials have been
criticised by grassroots membership,
they have been dumped, and indeed some
left voluntarily. Officials are
accountable and recallable.

What then do you mean by your repeated
assertion of the importance of working
class leadership?

Intellectuals can maintain working-class
leadership, when they are strongly



JPRS«SSA~86~070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

MOST BLACKS SAID TO SUPPORT DISINVESTMENT
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 7 Jun 86 p 2
[Article by Jo-Anne Collinge]

[Text] Total or conditional disinvestment is supported by most of the "polit-
ical mainstream"--followers of the African National Congress, Bishop Desmond
Tutu, the United Democratic Front and other radical groups who want not only
democratic political rights but also a new "more or less" socialist order.

This is the conclusion of researcher Mark Orkin, director of the Community
Agency for Social Enquiry (CASE), whose book "Disinvestment, the Struggle and
the Future," is to be published by Ravan Press this month.

It investigates the attitudes of 800 black people to various disinvestment
options, producing results which "send a rocket right through the position"
of those quoting earlier studies which concluded that most urban blacks re-
jected disinvestment.

The CASE study found that:

--24 percent supported total disinvestment.

--49 percent supported conditional disinvestment, bringing to 73 percent the
number who supported disinvestment in principle.

These findings stand in sharp contrast to the results obtained by both
Professor Lawrence Schlemmer in 1984 and the London SUNDAY TIMES in 1985.

‘hese two studies presented a confusing view, with the first claiming that 75
percent of black people rejected disinvestment and the latter that more than
75 percent wanted total disinvestment.

ir Orkin says the CASE study got different answers because it posed the ques-
tion different16.

"Disinvestment has to be conceived as a three-way, rather than a two-way,
issue to be true to the actual distribution of black opinion," he writes.

19



19274
cso:

3400/1932

Vow celebrations and said that the Boer.
-victory against the Zulus on December 16,.
1838 was no divine miracle, he. was la-
_,belled “treasonous” by the AWB:

In 1979 a similar call by Afrikaner aca-

; demic Professor Floors van Jaarsveld re-

sulted in him being tarred ed and feathered
“by AWB members. ie

In. 1981 Terre’Blanche, 5] aking at the.
Day of the Vow celebrations, said the:

ot Government's tricameral reforms ,would *

lead to the-“anti-Christ praying with
< whites”.

Terre'Blanche, a former ‘policeman, re
ceived a suspended sentence for for ille-
» Gal pos possession of firearms, in 1983. He has.

lenied that he would take up arms to-
overthrow the’Nat Government, but his
attitude to the threat posed by black aspi-°
~ rations has been less c couched. :
His threats of another Blood River, made
-after the successful hijacking of the Nat
meeting in. Pietersburg, amounted to a.
’. glorification of racial war. f

© But while the philosophies of the Great

‘Trek may have .a historical

I consistency
+, and significance ‘for the Afrikaner, pita
~ Jerian esalutes and blackshirted body-

‘: guards sporting three-armed swastikas do
u “met. Ones one. stretches history some.
wi
j ‘ Besides the blatantly Nazi overtones of.

*“Terre’Blanche’s tirades and the. overtl
'} militant symbolism evident in the Pie-,
tershurg utsch, there js a prevalent apa
y_in white South ‘ican -so¢iety : that

oat rakes ita fertile breeding ground for,
} fascism. mo :

But don't worry about Mr ene Ter

- re’Blanche, he’s no fascist. Despite all the
talk about Blood River, the itianders and”

1. international J the koelies and the.
. kaffirs, he doesn’ “nate anyone. So he

= says. He’s just doing it out of love for his

own volk.' ~ ete

31



WHITES SAID TO HOLD MOST, BEST PUBLIC SERVICE JOBS

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 26 May 86 p 9

[Article by Bruce Cameron]

[Text J

“WHITE South Africans |
not only have most of
the jobs in the public
service but also the
plum positions. t

This is clear from a
series of questions
asked in Parliament
mainly by Mr Mike
Tarr (PFP Pieter-
maritzburg South).

But the Minister for
Administration and
Economic Advisory.
Services, Mr Eli Louw,
says the official em-:
ployment policy i in the |
public service is one of !
“no discrimination!
against any candidate !
or officer of any popu-.
lation group.

“The principles of ,
merit and efficiency '
are always applied;
when posts are filled.”

Mr Tarr responds
. bluntly: “I don't believe
it’

It is aly ‘in portfo:
lios such as Education

and Training that’
blacks fill most of the |
posts and are pushing ’
into the top bracket.
But those depart-
ments which do not |
specialise in black af;

fairs are “dominated |

with whités not” only”

lonly at’ the top levels |

-but- also in, the middle’;
‘strata with blacks :
: mainly being brought -
in to do menial and un-

| skilled tasks. #

i And the discrimina- ;

jtion goes: further. with!
the overwhelming:

«number of top and key}
“ jobs being held by Aft,
kaners. *

1 -The tricameral sys
tem of Parliament has’
‘not as yet improved:
‘the ‘position of the col-
‘oureds, and particular}
rly the Indians.“ * :

The balance is ‘no-
:where: near the 4:2: 14
‘patio. .on. which the’ tri-:
‘cameral system:is:
ibased.

For example ‘inthe }
‘Department,.of En.
ixdronmental | vattdirs,}
dwhich has an Indian;

deputy. Minister, there!
lare four Indians-

‘against 3 383 whites. .

‘In the President's of-.3
‘fice there is not one In-*
dian, coloured or black;
in one of the advisory’:
im senior positions..." “'y
The Commission: for ?

55

JPRS“SSA~86+0/0
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

‘ Administration, which”
-is responsible for. the |

public service, is itself.’
ifeavily tilted in favour
of whites.

: Mr Tarr feels that

ithe commission should
launch an “affirma-
tive” programme to in-

-elude and train blacks,

‘coloureds and Indians

in the public service.

! “The current position
‘was dangerous in more
‘than one way.

Firstly blacks would
be angered by the lack
jobs being made avail-
able for them in the
public service which’
would also raise doubts
about the Govern-
ment’s intentions to get
,rid of racial discrimi-
mation.

Another problem
was that when blacks
had a major say in
government they
would insist in bringing
in blacks on a large
scale,

This would result in
many under trained or
untrained people being
put into jobs which
would cause chaos in
the public service:



JPRS*SSA*86°0/0
8 July 1986

NATION'S EXPORT DRIVE INTO EC MARKETS EXPECTED TO FOUNDER

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 30 May 86 p 9

[Article by Mick Collins]

(Text ]

19274
cso:

SOUTH AFRICA’S ex-
port drive into Europ-
ean Community (EC)
markets is expected to
founder in the long-
term, ‘says. Dr Carl
Weiers, agricultural at-
tache at the German
Embassy in Pretoria.
High production costs
and unfavourable grow-
ing conditions for bulk,
roducts meant SA would:
ave to look to non-EC
markets, he said. *
Weiers told a parlia.
mentary agricultural
study group in Cape Town
local farmers stood little
chance of retaining tradi-
tional European markets.
“However, a good
chance still exists for low-
cost iproduction: items
such as wool and mohair.
This also applies to high-

quality products —. wine

and .out-of-season, « fruit!
and vegetables.” °

«He said the canning in-
dustry had lost 40% of ex-:
ports because of US domi-
nance. ‘

* “Long-term survival
for SA’s products will de-
pend on developing foot-

_olds in non-EC countries,
‘through imaginative mar-;

keting.”

Weiers warned that the
world’s agricultural in-
dustry would continue to
be dominated by politics.

“In a number df coun-
tries policy is influenced
in a small way by eco-
nomic considerations. It
is. influenced to a larger

3400/1912

degree by socio-political
thinking.”

SA Agricultural Union
(SAAU) spokesman Chris

Bezuidenhout said prob- -

lems were ‘being exper-
ienced with exports and
he agreed production
costs were high.

“During the past year

73

farmers managed to
counter this with favour-
able rand/dollar ex-
change rates and 70% of
deciduous fruit and table
grape production was ex-
ported.

“But export conditions
are changing. Some of
these changes are of an
economic nature and
some are political.”



Lf a ‘new vanguard socialist party were
to emerge which encompassed the
peinesiples in the Azanian Manifesto, we
would be overjoyed.

Surely the stress the NF lays on
conscientising contradicts its socialist
position, in that it implies an idealist
rather than a materialist approach?

Couscientisation Ls not a matter of
theoretical input only, but involves
practical action and a challenge to
existing social relations. We have
programmes that follow through during
the intervals between forums. Certainly
we stress the need to raise people's
consciousness ~- especially when the
alternative is coercion - to enable them
to perceive the best strategy needed to
realise their objective interests. But
our programmes and organisations have a
real and material existence. We are
concerned to combine theory and action,
rather than to have action without
principle.

It {1s unfair to see the NF as engaged
merely in debate without involvement in
struggle and action. And in fact, if our
constituent groups are not practically
active, why are they subject to attacks

19274
cso: 3400/1960

25

from competing groups? It js fear. And
that is why other groups are reluctant
to share a platform with us in debate as
well.

The Easter forum produced a pungent
denunciation of a national convention.
But why do you consider the issue a live
one at present?

‘that forum dealt with aspects of the
national crisis, specifically
considering the issue of a national
convention, which we preceive to be a
centrist tact o hijack the struggle.
Mandela himself 1s on record saying that
the time for a national convention has
passed.

But people like Van Zyl Slabbert are
now seeking to re-establish credibility
in resistance circles. Such operators,
we believe, hope to make inroads to
dictate the structure of the struggle,
to skew it towards being merely an anti-
apartheid issue. We feel the point of
departure for the struggle must be
fundamentally anti-exploitation and-
anti-capitalist. The Botha reforms could
result in a national convention sellout,
and this must be guarded against.



JPRS~SSA~86~0/0
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

FARM JOBS DWINDLING--Deputy Agriculture Minister Gert Kotze told the House of
Representatives yesterday that farming was in a serious condition. He added,
replying to the debate on his budget, that jobs in the sector were dwindling.
The 70,000 farmers employed 1.5-million workers who, with dependants, totalled
6.5-million people. The reason farmers in drought-stricken areas were as-
sisted was to ensure they stayed on the land. "If they do not, then, following
the scrapping of influx control measures, the labourers will urbanise. That
is precisely where there are no jobs." The White Paper on agriculture had
spelled out government's aim to see to higher job qualifications for farmers,
managers and labourers because these ensured better productivity, -Koetze
supported the idea of a Western Cape agricultural school for coloureds.

[Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 22 May 86 p 4] /9274

MINING IMPORTANT JOB CREATOR-~Employment is the most tangible benefit provided
by the mining industry for South Africa and countries outside its borders,
Chamber of Mines president Clive Knobbs said in Pretoria yesterday. Speaking
to the conference of the Federation of Societies of Professional Engineers,

he said the mining industry provides a total of 720,000 jobs, which repre-
sents one in every seven persons working outside the agricultural sector.
Knobbs said more than 1,470m in deferred pay and remittances flowed to labour-
supplying territories in Souther Africa from the earnings of migrant mine
workers last year. Regarding the mining industry's importance to the local
market, Knobbs said it consumed stores valued at $6.7 bn in 1984, most of it
bought locally. The industry's contribution to gross national product rose
to an average of 16% in the past five years. The multiplier effect of the min-
ing industry also operated in the field of taxation, he added. Mining taxation
accounted for about 9.5% of government revenue in the year to March 1985.
Knobbs added that mineral sales abroad provided the country with two-thirds of
its foreign exchange. [Text] [By Gerald Reilly] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY
in English 23 May 86 p 2] /9274

CONSUMER CRISIS BARS ECONOMIC RECOVERY--A crisis in consumer confidence seems
to be blocking consumption expenditure, the normal conduit to economic recov-
ery, according to Davis Borkim Hare's current Market Review. Government was
likely to fill the gap with higher state spending, and a tax cutting package
could be expected in the next few weeks. This could be a 2% GST cut, or a
package consisting of a loan levy repayment, PAYE rate reduction and import
surcharge cuts. "We expect the economy to start a sluggish recovery during

91



FRENCH GRANT TO REHABILITATE DAR ES SALAAM AIRPORT
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 17 May 86 p 1
{Article by James Mwakisyala]

[Text ]

THE opening of the: 220 kv:
Iringa-dodoma power
transmission line was not only a
relief to the residents of Dodoina
and the surrounding areas where:
ower failures ‘had caused much;
Inconvenience in the past. few;
years. =
"It marked the begmning of the , _
implementation of the © north
west extension of the national
ower erid which would extend
lo Singida, “Shinyanga © and
Mwanza with connection;, -to:
Musoma and Tabora. +
According to, the. Managing’
Director of Tt
supply Compan: SLU).
Nate. 'Skivatory. Mosha‘y
Tanesco would now save at least,
two million - a month for the
300.000 litres of “diesel it. had
been consuming «for its tw
thermal — power. stations. -
Dodoma. ,
The ape -
kilometre’ long” Iringa-Dodoma
line means that the countrys
electricity capacity now was f01:
megawatts of . power, —".145, \
megawatts generated ‘in diesel-) \
run plants and-233 tpom hydro;
electric plants. ° an
* Ndugu Mosha says about 50
per cent of the’ electric’
consumed by the.country now
generated” ‘from. the ~ hydro
electric plants that are within, the
national grid system, “
The remaining 20 per cent of
power is derived from Tanésco's °
diesel — plants. * costing the”
company some 400 million -:a*
year or 40 per cent of.its annual:
expenditure.

he estimated hydro-electric
power in. Tanzania _is:' 6,000
Megawatts, | saccording “: to:

Taniesco’s “Managing Director.»

-of the ‘power: fiom Ki

+ construct

JPRS«SSA~86~0/0
8 July 1986

TANZANIA

‘The completion ot the Kidatu ..
Mtera, complex in 1988 will raise
the’ ‘country’s © hydro-electric
power capacity from 253 to 343"
Megawatts." fou, 8
. opening , of — Tringd-
Dodoma powerline is also part of
a Party Directive (through. the
1981” Guidelines)’ to” the
overnment to..invest in the
ydro-electric projects and other .
renewable ‘sources of ' energy
other'than the ‘expensive hydro-
carbons.! ac .t : .
Among the. . projecis:,
implementes: shortly after 1981 is
the cohstructida of the 220° kv‘
Mwetine: from Kidatu * to
Mutindi (including the Southern~
Paper Mills at Mgololo), Tringa
and Mbeya towns. Kidatu power
reached Mbeya early last year.
The extension of the hydro-
wer to Mbeya has. alfeady

Started tg reliéve the south-
western town | of, power
interruptions ,! which. "among

other - things!” had disrupted
produétion” at: some * of" its
Industrial plants there. ne

vswitching on” in Dedoma

therefore. a step towards

direction,..: spreading: hydro-
electric" power Feach
* important indus: ‘and

population centres in the country
and phasing out or limiting the
use of expensive diesel-powered
vencrators. .‘” . 3
The — Dodoma-trin
whose construction
late: 1983 has. cost. the
about 330 mil )
smilion + was in forei mn exchange. i”
The Tealian sovernment,
financed the project while ui
was undertaken by
Sadelmi Cogepi: +
idatu power reached

an Ttalian
_ Before i



CANADA MOVES TOWARD! LIMITING’ STEEL IMPORTS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 28 May 86 p 3

[Text ]

19274
cso:

THE door to North American steel
markets closed a little further yes-
terday with the news that Canada
may add steel products to its import’
control list. 0p 8 ee”
Canada’s federal government has in-
structed the Canadian Import Tribunal
to reach a decision on carbon steel pro-
ducts within two months and on special-
ity products within four months. .
Trade Minister James Kelleher said
the proposed measure would give the
steel industry quick access to informa-
tion needed to protect itself against
dumping and subsidies.'* ©. n
The Canadian move follows a US deci-
sion to limit steel imports. SA was one of
several countries to sign a voluntary

‘ trade agreement (VTA) early last year
‘Limiting the level of exports to the US. .

Total SA steel exports to the US last
year were estimated a. about 580000
tons, accounting for 0,42% of US steel
consumption. .. wok “ a

3400/1917

SA steel industry officials said yester-;
day they were unaware of. any com-:
plaint by Canada of. SA ‘companies,
dumping steel on to the market. ;

Iscor, which accounts for about 75% of
SA steel exports to Canada, described
the potential new limitation as “an irri-
tant rather than a catastrophe” for SA
steel producers. . ri
f A y kesman declined to give figures
for’
scribed them,as:“relatively, small”..He’

added, however: “We ‘would like to do,

business wherever we, possibly can.” -
He added that Iscor steel sales — both
export and local‘. were on target for

the first nine months of the corporation’s

financial year. Boa
Iscor was exporting to 80 countrieé,
and exports were expected to be slightly
ahead of the 1,93m-ton budget estimate.
Current sales were down on the previous.
year, the spokesman said. —« .

74

steel exports to Canada but de-:

JPRS«SSA~86~070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA


19274
cso:

SA's:TOP 10 MARKETS

4 Exports (Rm)

1985. % 1984 %
24210. 8,2 “'1733,8' 8,4
2255,7°. 7,6 15834 7,7
1729,9° 58°"... 9190 .4,4
“11260. 3,8 °° 1521,7. 7.4
1082,0..°.3,6 485,3 2,3
1006,4 . 3,4 790,4 ° 3,8
¥ 823,23, 2,8 5166... 2,5
C5146 1,8 373,6.. 1,8
503,1 8 456,8°. 2,2
487,3 7 338,1 1,6

ee : 29675,3 |:,. , 20695,9
COTHE biggest national market for SA exports is the US, as the above
chart shows. But the US accounted for a declining percentage of the
total in 1985. By far the biggest decline among the top 10 markets was
‘Switzerland'(down 24%), while the biggest gain was In the Netherlands
(up 123%). There was also a big increase in exports to Italy (up 59%).

AFRICA.

8
OCEANIA
Ws.

ASIA

EXPORTS BY ZONE -; = M ,
(EXCLUDES UNCLASSIFIED GOODS SUCH AS’ARMS,.
AND BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ADJUSTMENTS)

*. 48%, while total exports ros

DiEurope Is by far the biggest market for SA exports, followed by Asia and

| the US. But Asia is the fastest-growing. The Increase In exports to Asia

shown above continued in the first quarter of 1986. However, the growth

of SA exports to the rest of Africa has significantly outpaced that of all.:

other zones in the last two years. As recently as 1984, sales to Africa were .

growing more slowly than the growth of total exports. But In 1985 they

increased by 77%, while total exports rose by only 44%. In the first quarter |

of 1986, compared with the same period of 1985, there was a further rise of
only 14%. My .

3400/1913

80



19274
cso:

3400/1896

The Minister said that
in the roads and transport
infrastructure, they had fi-
nanced among others, the
Salima Benga Road the
Liwonde-Nsanama Road,
the  Chiweta-Kacheche
Road, the Road Mainten-
ance Project, and the
Mtendere passenger ves-
sel on Lake Malawi.

Mr. Chimwemwe Hara
said that there had also
been significant financing
in other sectors, such as
the Blantyre Sewerage
Scheme, the Rural
Growth Centres and the
Secondary Centres Devel-
opment Programme.

Mr. Chimwemwe Hara
assured the German
Ambassador that all the
assistance was made poss-
ible because of the confi-
dence and trust which her
Government had in the
wise and dynamic lead-
ership of His Excellency
the Life President, Ng-
wazi Dr. H. Kamuzu
Banda.

The Minister stressed
that the ceremony yet
marked another milestone

in the spirit of cooper-
ation the West German
Government had dis-
played to Malawi over the
years.

In_her remarks, Dr.
van Rossum said that she
was very happy to sign the
agreement as the finance
would be used within the
frame of Africa facilities
allowing the Malawi Gov-
ernment to purchase
abroad.

The German Ambassa-
dor added that she was
particularly happy be-
cause it is at this time that
in New York there is a
special United Nations
session on Africa where
the chairman of ‘the. Or-

anisation of African

nity, Senegalese Presi-
dent. Abdou. Diouf : had
asked industrial and Afri-
can countries to work very
closely together in order
to improve the conditions
of Africa.

The envoy considered
the ceremony as a very
quick response to that re-
quest by her Government.



ypRs~SSA78670/0
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

RAND DEPRECIATION AFFECTS AIR FARES
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Jun 86 p 15
[Article by Zenaide Vendeiro]

[Text ]

‘The latest currency surcharge
‘on overseas air fares will still
‘mot fully compensate airlines
operating to South Africa for
losses brought about by the de-
preciation of the rand, Mr Mi-
yghael Hirst, British Airways’.
“manager for Southern Africa,
said yesterday.

Mr Hirst said it would be un-
realistic to increase fares
every time the currency depre-
ciated as this could not be
borne by the South African’

market.

COMPENSATION

2: However, there had to be a
level of compensation, he said.
“The rand has depreciated
by about 43 percent against the
pound in the last year. Air
fares, on the other hand, have.
only gone up by 11 percent in
October last year and by

15 percent in January.” “Africa costs RL775,~ 21 :
‘ pers." .,eight percent less.

A spokesman for South Afri- cent less.” * The spokesman said airlines
tad vulted sald tis disparity @ A Super Apex fare from New| operating to South Africa could
So th Afrie air fares out of” ‘York to Johannesburg costs: snot continue to absorb the
i 0 1 te ean helen dropped R3 369 but the fare from Johan- ' losses incurred by the differ- .
fares to South Af elow similar nesburg to New York costs, jence in income from tickets
te oth follow . 5 R1 379 — 23 percent less. sold in rands as against tickets

1 le ae e fol lowing exam. i@ An economy class ,ticket:, sold in other international cur-.
ae caren fares: » i ‘from Sydney to Johannesburg rencies.
Sonneries re Rath bat costs R5333 but the fare., | This had necessitated a cur-

1 rey i .
the same ticket bought in South bought in rands costs R4 666 drency adjustment.
19274
CSO: 3400/1933
78



MERVEST ACQUIRING DIAMONDS IN DEEPER WATERS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Jun 86 p 24

[Text ]

19274
cso:

3400/1925

~~ the acquisition of a small

{MERVEST, mining
{monds off Port Nolloth, is
recovering stones in in-~

creasing numbers, having ‘.

jaeauired anew vessel to,
work in deeper waters.

‘An the company’s an-
‘gual’ report, chairman
jJack, Walsh says that the
}largerTM-vessel, the. MV..
: Urania, has been

nology to enable it to
‘evaluate the 85 percent of
| Mervest’s sea diamond
/ concession » areas. pre-

{viously beyond the reach,

} of its fleet. «

("Mi Walsh states. that "7

appear highly
favourable. In the month
that it has been operating,
the Urania has recovered
diamonds in ‘i

increasing
numbers’ in waters be- _

yond the 20-metre depth
limit of the rest of the
company’s fleet. .

Listed

Mervest, which during
the past year acquired the
total shareholding of the
Marine West group, was
listed on the Develop-
ment Capital Market last
February.

Mervest has two sea
diamond concession areas
off the west coast, areas
2A and 3B, and in Oc-
tober extended its mining
interests. on-shore . with

mine at: Kwaggaskop in
the = Vanrhynsdorp = dis-
" trict: This is expected to
contribute - to-. Mervest’s
profitability in the coming

year.

The company has also
acquired the‘ port and
warehousing facilities, to-
gether, with certain ‘pri-

vate properties, at Pon:

Nolloth - from.

ated Dianrond Mines for
* 405,000, - which -:com-
pares with ‘an- estimated
trie asset value of over
R2 million Be

: “. Self-sufficlent my
“The - acquisition © will
make: Mervest self-suffi-
* cient in terms of housing,
off-loading and servicing

facilities at Port Nolloth,

and ‘allow for consider-

Mr Walsh says that given
; normal operating condit-
‘ions for the second half of
the year, Mervest will
achieve the earnings fore-
cast of 3c a share. The
company intends to apply
to the JSE “as soon as
prudent” for its listing to
be transferred from the
DCM sector to’ the Dis-
‘mond sector.

: "The shares at 35c yield
an historic 5,4 percent on
the 1,5c paid for the nine

months ended December,

1985. +

89

JPRS~SSA~86~070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS~SSA~86~070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

UNEMPLOYMENT LEADS TO INCREASED UNREST, STRIKES
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 3 Jun 86 p 13
[Article by Sheryl Raine]

{Text ]

Wages and pay-related
issues were the major
causes of strikes last
year, the director-general
of the Department of.
Manpower has disclosed.
In his annual report Dr
Piet van der Merw
noted that although there -
were fewer strikes and ©
work stoppages in 1985 ;
(389) than in’ 1984 (469),
more people were. in- “077 ce zi
-volved in strikes last’, ary measures by employ-’:: Dr ‘van ‘der:-Merwe
year than ever before. : =." ers ‘were also:an .impor-. noted that the large num
Last year, 239 816 peo- * tant® cause of strikes last ‘-ber of’ unemployed ‘had:
ple went on strike com- possibly contributed ‘to,
pared with 23323 a dec- the unrest in the country:
ade ago. The average. action was the manufac-’;" The nature and extent
number of employees per « turing sector;'The mining . of strikes last'year has
strike increased from 388 ., sector, which was less af- led to a-re-examination
during 1984 to 616 during * fected by the ‘economic « of ‘the. dispute-settling
1985, While only 26 : recession than any, other, procedures: laid’ do
strikes involving ‘more*: sector; was also hard hit.” the law.’
than 1000 employees TM:"Unemployment; in:',, The National Manpo'
, took place during 1984, 40," “creased ‘dramatically last’ er‘Commission is inves’
such strikes occurred: “year: and heavy demands: gating the following with
during 1985. °::"; “were made-on the Unem-; a view. to’improving the

“ployment: Insurance” dispute-settling system:
Disciplinary n
————

Fund. More than. 200 000..
“ ° jobs disappeared, the i
'- Most strikes last year-:’and: steel* industry’ ac: @ Workers’: “rights to.
lasted for only a day counting’ for ‘loss’ of; stage’sympathy’ strikes
‘less and involved less. 28 000‘and*the ‘civil ‘con: and..the ‘consequences: of.
than. 100 workers. Only ‘struction, industry: for: * a
‘six strikes lasted for-:40 000. Many-other indus-..@ The-rights: ofan
longer than 14 days and © ‘tries:like the motor man- - ployer legally. entitled to
only 21 involved 2000 7 ufacturing: sector and‘al-: dismiss an employee: who
‘workers or more. ‘”.’'*" "= lied industries were-also’’ strikes ‘illegally’ while, at
Apart from wages and’: affected by poor: econom-. the'same time,.the Indus-
allied matters, disciplin-,”:i¢ conditions.’ ‘> trial Court has the power’

Ho reinstate the em-
i

loyee.
; by Intermittent strikes. 4

Rivalry growing.

Dr van-der Merwe
joted there had been’ a
marked increase in the
membership of trade’
unions, The largest in-:
crease occurred among.
blacks who had joined
unregistered trade
“unions. There had also
been an increase in the
“numiber’of trade unions
which had. opened their
-membership to-all Popu-;
ition groups. : *.”
There’ were: now about
9 million: trade ‘union
embers, :constituting +
bout .21 percent of the :
:economically-active poj
ulation... Trade, union. ri-

has also-increased. :
eré were 514 applica-'
ions for ‘conciliation’
boards last: year com-:
ared with 279 in 1984:
and just 29 in.1979.° 2.094

57



JOURNALIST DESCRIBES RECORDING UNREST AS ‘TOUGHEST JOB"

Durban POST NATAL in English 4-7 Jun 86 p 13

[Article by Jon Qwelane]

[Text J

WHO has the toughest job"
in the current wave of'!
unrest tearing the coun-’
try apart — policemen, 1
“rioters” or journalists? “>

Many people always {
say the police job is the-!
toughest because they
work “under dangerous
and trying conditions”.

Without minimising
their risks, I suggest the -
police are at-best
equipped to deal with
such situations. They
travel in sturdy, ar-
moured personnel car- *
riers which can with-
stand even land mines, as
shown recently when a
Casspir drove over one in
Mamelodi,

“Rioters”, on the other
hand, also have a tough
job. Besides having to
rouse crowds of people to !
fever pitch — as they -
have often been said to
do — they have to be on»
the lookout for patrolling y

policemen. n
But at least the “riot-
‘ers” are usually — so we
sare told — armed with »
petrol bombs, stones, ‘|
bricks, kieries, and the ::
like.
: Journalists have the 4
‘toughest job of the three :,
.groups; not: only at the’!
“war front” where bloody
confrontations some-'!
times take place between
the two other groups, but ”

'they also face grave risks
Hin their personal capaci-
} ties as members of their
‘own communities. -*’
"Many policemen have.
{ost their lives in the un-
{rest. "Many more alleged:
{ “rioters” have died in the 7
{same period, and it is a
;miracle that not-one?
| Journalist has died in the.
. unrest yet. Sine gh ed
+ “That may cause some ‘!
‘people to ask: “What,
; then, makes the job of ./
«journalists the toughest HI
“in the labour market if”
not one of them has been
; killed in the two years of,
4 sustained upheavals?” .:
The simple answer is i

9

jthat a journalist. “dies”
gmany times every day
tWhenever he must go out 3
ton an unrest-related‘#

Story. . .
iy: White journalists are j
“not immune from ‘the “)
\dangers, either. “Mik
ACohen, Gary van Staden, ;
ind Jo-Anne Collinge; o:
ki’ The ‘Star and: Gideon
‘Mendel of “Agence
2 France Presse, as well?
as several journalists at:
| tached to foreign media, ‘=
fr have ‘all in their time:s
é:'swallowed the bitter,
*. medicine dispensed’ at
* the “battle lines” by both ”
police and “rioters”. vat
But black journalists j
remain undeniably the
unenviable breed of the

k

53

'y

% their communities to be

: having to toe the dan-

JPRS*SSA~86~070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

media species. t
They must be seen by «

reporting events as they
take place in the unrest,
while at the same time |

gerously thin line be-
tween objectivity an
subjectivity. :
To crown it all, they |
must be seen to be “re- |

* sponsible” as only the

authorities define the

.., term. This does not nec-

essarily mean they must

“ resort to self-censorship,

though it does not ex-
clude iteither.

' Photographers have
their films seized and ex-

«posed to the light by both

SEATS

police and “rioters”, for _
the simple reason of de-
stroying the evidence of
sible rash. actions by’

th sides. :
Reporters and photog- °
raphers-are not immune *

. from the beatings and -

teargassing of crowds by
the police. Gas masks are
out, because the mobs
can view such journalists
suspiciously.

Even the cars news- ,
men drive on assignment
can lead to physical at-:
tacks by mobs because ‘

« “the system” uses the

same vehicles.
A number of staff cars

* owned by this newspaper

have been regularly at-:


far been experienced. The Chalinze/Mo-
rogoro stretch of the line is the worst hit.
The leaks are caused by both internal and
external corrosion. The causes of corro-
sion have so far been identified as:

a) corrosive Cotton Clay soil

5b) poor cathodic protection system

c) collection of water in the pipeline,
and

d) an uncleaned pipeline (a lot of sludge
and debris).

The telecommunications system is in
very bad shape, mainly because the equip-
ment currently in use is outdated and spa-
res are not easily available due to foreign
exchange difficulties and obsolescence of
some of the equipment.

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

Firstly to get rid of all the causes of
both internal and external corrosion, and
secondly to replace all sections of the pipe-
line where irreparable damage has already
been done. In sections where damage has
been marginal it will be necessary to insti-
tute measures that will help correct the si-
tuation. Thirdly the telecommunications

19274 .
cso: 3400/1923

15

systein is likely to become unserviceable
very soon. It needs reinforcement very
quickly.

THE PROJECT’S TERMS
OF REFERENCE

1. To assess the exact extent of irrepa-
rable damage that has been done to the pi-
peline. Preliminary surveys show that a to-
tal of about 90 km of the pipeline have
been very badly corroded and this lies in
four separate sections between km 70 and
km 250. This badly damaged stretch will
have to be completely replaced.

2. To avoid any further damage of all
sections of the line which are not going to
be replaced, it will be necessary to rewrap
them all. This is especially necessary for
slightly damaged sections between km 70
and km 250.

3. The causes of internal corrosion will
have to be removed. To do that it will be
necessary firstly to carry out a tank clean-
ing exercice at the tank farm at Dar-es-
Salaam using the most effective technique
and to coat the interior of the tanks with a
well-established epoxy applicable in the oil
industry. a



REPORTER DISCUSSES RACIAL POLICY OF NATURE RESERVES, RESORTS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Jun 86 p 13

[Article by Zenaide Vendeiro]

JPRS~SSA"86-070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text] The ailing tourism industry is pinning its hopes for recovery on the

emerging black market.

It received a shot in the arm with the recent scrap-

ping of racial discrimination in hotels, liquor outlets and licensed restau-

rants.

national and provincial nature reserves and resorts.

Nature reserves in the prov-,
ince are multiracial, accord-,
ing to Dr SS du Plessis,’
director of the Transvaal,
Nature Conservation Divi-
sion. «
But most of the resorts in
these reserves are controlled
by the Overvaal Board and;

-are for whites only. a4

The provincial authorities
are also responsible for State.
dams, picnic areas, walking
and hiking trails and, camp-
ing grounds.

There are separate facili-
ties at State dams, which,
says Dr du Plessis, are in
early stages of development. -

Picnic areas, walking and’
hiking trails and most camp-,
ing sites are open to all. :

The province controls
about 40 areas. They include.
Barberspan, Bloemhof Dam,
Blyderivierspoort, Bronk-
horstspruit Dam, Doorndraai
Dam, Dullstroom Dam,

:Fanie Botha Dam,:Hans

Strydom Dam, Happy ‘Rest,
Hartbeespoort Dam, Jericho
‘Dam, Loskop: Dam, Nooitge-.
dacht Dam, Ohrigstad Dam,'

‘Roodeplaat:Dam, Rust de;

Winter, Rustenberg, Suiker-:
bosrand, ‘Vaal Dam and the
Wolkberg Caves. .

44

i The Overvaal Board for
Public Resorts administers
12 public resorts in the
, Transvaal, which, with the
‘exception of Roodeplaat
;Dam (which is for Indians’
and coloureds), are for
whites only. i"
© They are: "Badplaas, Ei
land, Rob Ferreira, Tshipise,
i Warmbaths, Blydepoort (F H
Odendaal), Blydepoort (Sy-
brand van Niekerk), Karee-
kloof, Loskop Dam, Pilgrim’s
Rest, Roodeplaat Dam and
_Heidelbergkloof. o 2

“An Overvaal Board
"spokesman said the Tesarts
would remain white. 7, *:

. There are many reserves
and parks belonging to mu-
‘nicipalities, corporate bodies’
and individuals. Most munic-
wipal Teseryes admit only
whites.

The Kruger. National Park;

administered by the National

Parks: Board, is multiracial. | RY

Dr Johan Botha, ‘media
director for the Parks Board,
said national. parks ‘cannot
discriminate on the basis of
race. This applies not only to’

“day visitors but also to the

Staff reporter Zenaide Vendeiro now looks at the racial policies of


COMMENTATOR REPORTS ON PHOENIX SQUATTER DILEMMA

Durban POST NATAL in English 28-31 May 86 p 12

[Article by Kanthan Pillay]

[Text ]

‘IN “August last year, Inanda erupted. The wave of:
unrest washed over the sprawling squatter settle-“:
ment on the outskirts of Durban, spilling over into
the neighbouring townships of waMashu and
Phoenix.

Directly in the path of the wave was the Phoe-
nix Settlement’ — the internationally-known sanc-
tuary founded by Mahatma Gandhi during his pas
sive resistance campaign in 1904. My ’

In the process, the settlement was raped, its
treasures looted, and its buildings gutted. The staff
fled in the path of rampaging thugs who, took ad-
vantage of the chaos to wreak havoc. ~

Today, the settlement faces an invasion again
— but of another kind. A squatter camp has been
set up at the entrance to the settlement — and its
is increasing in size by the day. Pees sy

Reports of the squatters ‘faking over the set-
tlement grounds were, first made known two weeks
ago. . X

 Mewa Ramgobin, a trustee of the property, said:
an armed contingent of African people had taken

control of a large portion
of the settlement. © -

The Phoenix Settle-"
ment Trust — which ad-
ministers the property —
had been warned by the,
group taking over the
grounds that they would
retaliate if there were
any moves to prevent
their building the shacks,
Mr Ramgobin said.

Land in the rest of In-
anda which had been oc-
cupied by Indians up :
until the time of the un- ;
rest had also been taken
over by the group who
.were believed to be an’
offshoot of a Zulu impi,-:

Sithe Amabutho, he said

3. “The leader of group, a
Mr Mgenge, has. been.:
“selling’ space to families
on condition they..carry
arms at all times and be*
ready to take action
when their leaders order

: it,” he said.

: “They have threatened ©
to burn down the clinic —.

=the only building left

tanding after the unrest

‘threatened by the group
.and had to flee.” >...

._In response to Mr.
: Ramgobin’s report, pho-

tographer, Purl Devjee’: °

48

if. they are stopped +
: from settling here. I was :5 j settlement,”

“and I visited ‘the settle- “
iment last week.

We had been warned’? 4

by Mr Ramgobin that the:,

area was dangerous —
that they would attack.
joutsiders, ‘particularly. ’
Indians. So we ap-
piproached the scene itt.
seaution, aks
The picture that awaits
, ed, however, was far dif-
© ferent to the one painted
by Mr Ramgobin. “
There were by then
more than fifty shacks on
ithe Jand-—,all in differ-
cent stages ‘of construc-
© tion: And from the level
: ing.of thé ground in.cer-
tain areas, it was clea

attracted* curious’

+ glances, but most people

ontinued“with their
ork. We.spoke to sever- .
al people all of whom
- were very. friendly. There
* was no evidence of any
“of the people carrying
4 .weapons :— they were.
“mainly, women and’ chil-”
“dren — nor were theré
. -sWeapons in the shacks,.
People we spoke
‘ denied any knowledge of,
; any threats dgainst, th

I presented my version”
the situation of the.
“squatters to Mr Ramgo-.”
ybin..Mr Ramgobin ead,
he was."surprised”. :”

JPRS~SSA~86~070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

“There is something
st "avin sinister going on
> .there,”:he said. “Why
i have they chosen that
,;-Jand when there is lots of
Yand available. els
where?. ”

“The Phoenix settle-
ment was, and still is, es-.

sentially 2 community-
j]_ based institution de-
signed by its founder and:
trustees to serve the, en-‘
tire South African com-:
munity,

git and
building tacks on it is

Mr ‘Ramgobin said he
2 } considered it especially
«, Sinister, that.the land
taken over by. the squat-
ters had long -béen re-
; quested.for expropriation *
i by the Department of De-
5.,velopment. Aid for. the
consolidation, of, Kwa-
Zulu. 3):
Po Bub | he ‘said, there was
; Mo question of the trust-
" ees allowing the Govern:
# ment to expropriate the
" land on-which ‘the sauat
ters settled.
* “In the first place be.
are bound by Gandhi’s-*
decree that no part of the
settlement. shall in any
way be alienated. In the
second place, we can in
tno way ‘be party to the
‘fragmenting of our coun-
try into Bantustans.””



CARGOES LANDED AT SA PORTS © "pores "ARGOES SHIPPED ROM SA PORT ia
000 000 :

Toss |
F300 000 ~ 17800 000

1 200.000 a 17000000

1 100 000 ie #800000

1000 000 i 18000000 i
990 000 Fh et et 8 00000 :
1200 000 shee - * 000,000 }
700000 - | ‘4.800.000 :
' a | oe >
00 000 p “ ‘4.000.090

100000 fal 800.000

400 000 1000000 fs

1300000 fod 2800 000 fs :
COW eos '
100 000 Fe § of 1 800.00 i
sooo eg] tml oe

© APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB. “© APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV OEC JAN FEB
998 1988 1986 1986

19274
cso: 3400/1912

77



Ndugu Mbarouk was answering Ndugu Said Ally Mjaka (VIJANA) who said teachers
were no longer serious in their jobs because they were supposed to buy some
of their teaching aids such as books to prepare lesson notes.

Between 1984 and 1985, 64 teachers resigned from the profession because of
poor working conditions and lack of incentives in the job.

Meanwhile the Zanzibar Ministry of Health and Social Welfare has been urged
to carry out feasibility studies prior to ordering expensive equipment from
abroad to save millions of shillings otherwise wasted each year in importing
machines which cannot be used.

This was stated by several members who in supplementary questions to the min-
istry, wanted to know why it had failed to use laundry equipment ordered for

the V. I. Lenin here in 1971.

Answering Ndugu Saida Assa Shariff (UWT) on the machines, the Ministry for
Health and Social Welfare, Ndugu Maulid Makame, said although the equipment
was brought for 450,000/-, it was later discovered that the ministry needed
6.4m/- just to erect a building to house the equipment.

He said the laundry machine which was unfortunately [word indistinct] the
open for all the years was now beyond repair.

19274
csO: 3400/1979

10



They told her i was” 4

being called in for a.
“personal chat”.

A “personal chat’’? .
With my passport and ID,
in tow? .

At noon, I went to Pro-
tea. Personal details «
were taken. It wasn't the!
first time I had been
asked such details by the |

| SP, so I was repeating «

most of the answers.

“Are you Muslim?”

“Wife's name?” i

“Children’s names.
and ages?” q

“Brothers’ and sis-
ters’ names?”

Man, how personal can +}
you get? ‘

“Which organisa
tions have you b
longed to or belong to?” |

“Which politicians do
you know?”

Man, after 15 years of.
writing politics, I do
know a few. PW Botha
for a start. Pik Botha. :
Other Cabinet members.
And should I say I also
know Andries and Jaap,
the Raj, and JN and Pat
and Allan and David and
Carter?

While my personal de-
tails are being taken, a
man with a camera
walks in. “Do you mind
tf I take your photo?”
he asks. “Yes,” I say.

. “I'm here for a personal

chat.” :
He disappears, re-
emerges in the corridor,
and takes my picture,
Then the “personal
chat” starts with another

‘ policeman.

Questions: How old
are you? How many ;
children do you have? *
Which politicians do
you know? Do you sup- :
port the TIC and the’,
UDF? Who finances j
your newspaper? Why }
ts there so much polt- .

19274
CSO: 3400/1985

tics in your newspa-

er? How do you

collect the political |

. information? oa
* ‘After 45 minutes of po-

lite questioning, Tm told +

| I can go. This “urgent '
visit’ had: cost me valu-
sable time at work. I will ;

; have to pay- legal fees.:’
:-I’'m lucky. Unlike many ,
{black South. Africans, ty 4

an afford it. reer
But ‘man, if I do cup!
‘\,port the TIC or UDF. or®:
‘Azapo or the Forum or;
¢ ‘Solidarity or the NPP or}
“i swhat:have you; why4
& should I be asked to re-4
ey to the police urgent-'}
ly at 7.30am, and res
tn my passport and: IDs
* along? ie
a Why, every atvikaanst
+ establishment newspaper:
supports the Nats: Most:
4 English language papers:
‘support the Progs. Dre:
; Stem and Die Patriot,

+ City Press, which, ‘su-;
; ports the UDF (and is!
+ Ghite entitled to do so), is;

; owned by: Nasionale..

f Pers. Why isn’t the man- |

t aging director of Nasion-”

é ale called in to ask if’

City Press supports the

{UDF and who finances,

© the paper? i

¥°: "The next day, when ar-!!

& ticles about my question- {
yf ing appear in the news-*
napers, colleagues,»

; iriends, politicians, and,

readers phone in to asl

+ after my well-being

i, Most express their anger

ss a the police action.’ .

«But why ‘the question- ;
sing? My F olitical views
Shave been stated repea-»
Stedly for the past 15°
ryears, in Post Natal for
jthe past three years, in
jthe Afrikaans newspaper
' Die Vadertand, in the

52

‘Rand Daily Mati, the
' Sunday Express, and
‘other South African
newspapers, in publica-
‘tions abroad, on radio
‘ and TV outside. *

¢ Why don’t the police
spend more time grilling
: the AWB men?
One of the ironies of
‘my being questioned was
that the main story in-
i The Indicator was de-
‘ voted to House of Dele- :
gates minister Baldeo «
Dookie’s announcement
of his housing plans for
Lenasia. Another one-
and-a-half pages inside
were devoted to Mr Doo- «
kie’s speech in the house.
The “system” got its
‘say, but ‘the “system”
was still not happy. “Do ,
you support the UDF?”
Well, if the TIC and the
UDF say they want to
bring about true democ-'
racy in this country and
are‘not merely mouthing
slogans, why should I or
anyone else not support
them?’ ° ~
After all, if they did
bring us democracy, it.
would be a huge im-"
‘provement on the present!
lot, whose idea of democ-
jracy is a huge joke, and a
“tragedy.
‘7 At least in a true de-
-Mocracy we wouldn't:
fhave to answer inane po-
lice questions such as
“How old are you?” at
7.30 in the morning, and
take our passport and ID
“along to have a “personal,
cehat®. 5
‘And as political writ-
ers, we won't be asked: /
. “Which politicians do you
Leniow?" I do know the,
‘Raj. Perhaps he will
swer, ot’ inform Louis le:
Grange, that he knows
-me too. :.



Passing Out Parade for Men of SAS Jalsena
(Bobby Harrypersadh; POST NATAL, 28-31 May 86)......seeeeee

Briefs
Police Recruiting Professionals
New Township for Indians
Durban Businessman Helps Mozambique
Survey on Indian Unemployment

ECONOMIC

Debt Negotiator on SADF Raids Implications
(Gerald Prosalendis; BUSINESS DAY, 22 May 86).......sesssece

Paper Analyzes Economic Costs of Raids
(FINANCIAL MAIL, 23 May 1)

Police Launch Probe Into African Bank
(Gerald Prosalendis; BUSINESS DAY, 22 May 86)...cceveseeeeee

Farmers' Debt Grows, Cooperatives Under Greater Pressure

(Sue Leeman; THE STAR, 5 Jun 86)....ecccecvccccccececececece
Nation's Export Drive Into EC Markets Expected To Founder

(Mick Collins; BUSINESS DAY, 30 May 86)...-..cccece ccc ceeeee

Canada Moves Toward Limiting Steel Imports
(BUSINESS DAY, 28 May 86)... ..ccccceccecnccecncecceccteeioes

Court Freezes Utah Deals in Gold, Mineral Mines
(Brian Zlotnick; BUSINESS DAY, 22 May 86).......ceeucecscees

Politics, Economics Leave Nation's Sea Routes in Doldrums
(David Furlonger; BUSINESS DAY, 30 May 86)......cccececevees

Rand Depreciation Affects Air Fares
(Zenaide Vendeiro; THE STAR, 4 Jun 86)......cccecececucccees

Export Trade Seen as Good, Imports Suffering
(BUSINESS DAY, 30 May 86)......cccecccsccccncecscecscesicvce

Chemicals: Imports Overshadow Exports

(Arnold van Huyssteen; BUSINESS DAY, 30 May 86).........+005-

Shrinking Export Prospects Blocking Richards Bay Expansion
(Helga St Blaize-Molony; BUSINESS DAY, 30 May 86)..........-

Sand Dunes Near Richards Bay Rich Source of Minerals
“(Stan Kennedy; THE STAR, 4 Jun 86)......cccccccccccccccececs

64

65

65

65

66

67

69

71

72

73

74

75

76

78

79

81

83

84


PAPER ANALYZES ECONOMIC COSTS OF RAIDS

4867070

«SS
Pee 1986

8 July

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg FINANCIAL MAIL in English 23 May 86 p 39

[Text ]

What, if anything, has Pretoria gained from
the military strikes at alleged African
National Congress (ANC) positions in Bo-
tswana, Zimbabwe, and Zambia? Given the
immediate worldwide condemnation, and its
economic reflection in the precipitate decline
of the rand, their timing, at the very least, is
questionable.

After Ronald Reagan’s air raid on Libya,
and the decision of the Tokyo summit on
terrorism, it is possible that President P W
Botha and the Cabinet calculated that world
opinion would be muted: that the general
climate is against terrorism. And there is
clear evidence of increasing shipments of
arms, bombs, rockets, and landmines
infiltrated into SA; indeed, the AN
declared’ 1986 as the year of Umkhonto we
Sizwe, its military wing.

- Thé latest strikes are also being officially
Presented as pre-emptive in nature. Last
week, Defence’ Minister Magnus Malan
(currently hospitalised) said: “The circum-
stances in which we find ourselves are
enough justification for operations against
across our borders, should th:
inate there.” He meant it.

* In addition, it can be surmised, a little
kragdadighcid will do the Nationalists no
harm on the Right, whose parties have wel-
comed the raids. And for Pretoria bellig
ence has also paid sorne dividends in L.zsotho
and Mozambique.

, Whether the SADP’s raids —- which left
at least three dead ~~ will prove in time to
have saved lives at home remains to be scen.
At this stage, no one in the international
community equates them with the US's Lib-
yan action -— directed at a state that spon-
sors international terrorism.

Instead, SA’s targets lay within the bor-

69

ders of three Commonwealth countries - --
and took place when the Commonwealth's
Eminent Persons Group (EPG) was in SA
pursuing its diplomacy for regional peace.
As is now known, the basis of the EPG plan
was the release of Nelson Mandela and other
isoners in exchange for a morato-
nce by the ANC.

A long shot - but better than intensified
violence, which is crippling business confi-
dence and forestalling economic recovery.
Only two weeks ago, the political tide ap-
peared to be turning slightly in favour of
President Botha's reformist adininistraticn:
‘The abolition of influx control impressed the
West. And the EPG had noted that its initial
janis had been “positive and con-

The initiative is now in ashes, and the EPG
was leaving SA as the FM went to press.
Some cynics (who are not always wrong)
even contend that the raids were designed to
smash the EPG's plan. That Pretoria never
seriously intended negotiating anything with
the ANC, which it blames for the unrest.

Does this mean that sanctions are inevit
ble? The EPG, it can be recalled, was estab- ©
lished to assess the progress of reform in SA,
precisely to stave off the prospect of sanc-
tions. Perhaps it will be up to Margaret
Thatcher to hold the line -— for the rest of
the Commonwealth wants retribution. But
even in ignoring calls for sanctions in the UK
House of Commons, Foreign Secretary Sir
Geoffrey Howe condemned the raids. So SA
is treading a dangerous path.’

Our other friend, the US, has also sharply
expressed its anger at SA's behaviour. Small
wonder. Chet Crocker's years-long policy of
constructive engagement has very little to
show for itself. Southern Africa is in turmoil,



linked to a working-class constituency
and act only on a real mandate. It is
possible to have organisations with
predominantly working-class membership
which do not express basic working-class
interests ~ Inkatha's union, UWUSA, is
an example. While the majority of its
members will be workers, it will
nonetheless work for capitalism.

But is it not Stalinist to assume that a
group of activists may be more
accurately attuned to workers' real
interests than workers themselves?

You would not be able to gei @ worker to
say that it is right that he be
exploited to make a boss rich. But any
group can be manipulated against its
interests, and that is why it is se
important to allow the real interests of
our constituency to emerge through open
debate and democratic structures.

We are engaged in practical education
work to instiil soclalist consciousness,
working with student representative
councils and parent-teacher
associations. We are active in support
work for unions. Lr is not our job to
provide worker education as such, that
is for the unions, but we contribute to
cultural events, and of course have
members involved in union organisation.
Our labour connections are not limited
to CUSA and AZACTU, though in the
prevailing climate others avoid
unequivocably aligning themselves with
us.

We have

black students' study
projects, and the Cape Action League is
active in high schools with its
affiliate, Students of Young Azania.
AZASM has its Black Students! Study ;
Project, We are concerned with
developing alternative education 4s
well, though hampered. by limited
resources, since we get no outside
funds. \

Our programmes are not just
discussions and workshops. We also

undertake house visits, to find out what
is uppermost on people's minds. ff rent
is an issue, we canvass people's
opinions -- rather than telling them:
‘Our leaders say you must boycott’. In
the last couple of years stayaway and
boycott tactics have been overused and
sometimes abused. Such calls may be
forced on communities with no thought of
the strain on people's resources in
terms of jobs, money and safety. And
with coercive measures to ensure.
conformity, there is no openness
alternative suggestions.

to

But what of your call for action on and

after May Day and betwean 16 and 26
June?
This 1s not a call fot boycott, but

wather a call for locai organisations to
undertake concerted action within

their existing programmes for those
periods. We do not believe it will
collapse the state ~ it is-a long march
to social change. Action cennot always
be at peak intensity; that is why a
period of strongly focused activity is a
way of highlighting the power of the
people, and at least affecting the
government power base. In those periods,
we want organisations, NF and outsiders,
to get together to seek unity and
cohesiveness.

With its stress on theoretical and
analytical inpute, it could appear that
the NF conceives itself as a vanguard

party.

Jt is a perception that can easily
arise, and perhaps that is why the
Charterists feel threatened. But we do
not have the organisational structure to
constitute ourselves as a vanguard
party. Realistically, we are limited to
acting as s catalyst on principled
activists to bring people together.

We cannot way that ty the course of
Lime some kind of vangoard organisation
might’ not evolve from the NF, but we
cherish no ambitions to claim authority
as a sole representative of the people.

24



JPRS«SSA~86~0 70
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

DEBT NEGOTIATOR ON SADF RAIDS IMPLICATIONS
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 22 May 86 p 6

[Article by Gerald Prosalendis]

[Text ]

-yet to make up their minds «

about the implications of ;

this week’s SADF raids into
Botswana, Zimbabwe and Zam-
bia. Although there have been no ‘
immediate repercussions for the!
debt agreement negotiated in’
March between the SA authori- *
ties and SA’s foreign creditor:
banks, foreign banks are closely
watching for effects the raid:;
might have on the SA economy. "|

Clearly, their overriding ‘con-",
cern is how the raid will affect SA’s
ability to repay debt.

“We have reserved judgment but
will assess the raid’s impact on_the :;
economy. This includes examining
the possibility of sanctions, which
is closer, and internal political sta-, /
bility,” says a foreign banker. u

Says Finance Director General *
Chris Stals, who is SA’s chief debt
negotiator: “We should not exag- |

Fev BANKERS have ;

gerate the influence this event has
so far had on foreign bankers. It °
may not have a severe long-term. :
effect on their thinking. - ah
“So far, few of them have re-
ferred to it,” he adds. oa H
“The raid did create a lot of ;
emotion immediately after ‘the =
event. Aid politics are always in;
the background in our negotiations 4
with these bankers. The event will
obviously affect their decisions.

nyt

Sines seeeeecee

: |
y . fers . oa
“ iit will not, however, have a sig- “
nificant: affect on negotiations in~
‘Septet eh pais Mar ee Ft
: "That is when the SA authorities *
and creditor banks are scheduled.,
to meet to discuss SA’s economic t
ation, ‘and more ticular P
whether the country Poul speed |
up repayment of its debt :commit-
ments: :

} But political developments will
not be easily pushed aside. >.’
: “The meeting in ber is
only intended as a report back on:
economic developments,

q

and ‘b:
that time we will have many post. |
y-

tive things to say politically. - °.
-« “The banks hopefully will take a
more balanced view.

events,” says Stals, ©

| Nonetheless, many feel the raid,“

and the ensuing foreign condemna- **
tion, will undermine Stals’ credi-
bility with foreign banks. **
? “No doubt it is going to make it
more difficult for Stal
ate,” says a local banker. Jot
There is also the possibility that '
Stals could be used as a punch bag *
for banks, particularly those in the :'
“US, to'vent their frustrations be-4
cause of further shareholder 3
‘sure, they say."
*'Tt ‘is unlikely, however, of
creditor banks will attempt to'tor-

“pedo the

67

raid was 4
only one event in a whole chain of *

to negoti-"

present agreement. Un-"*

ravelling the ensuing legal night-
mare — whi
“UK courts — would not be for the
} fainthearted. - .

could involve the’

jt In any case, the authorities point :

-out that foreign creditor banks are
: locked into the agreement at least
until June next year.
Says one official: “That agree-
ment cannot be changed funda-

mentally. until’ next year — any :

+ changes would have to be mutually -

re ‘However, foreign bankers dis- |

agree that the present truce is
; quite so castiron.

pM

"March negotiations resulted in

fimore or less a tacit a ent
which depends on both sides con-
tinuing to negotiate rather than be-

- ing one which is legally binding,”
says a foreign banker.

+> But the real danger is that over-
seas condemnation andthe threat
of sanctions could force the .ex-
‘change rate to collapse. It has al-
ready done this to a degree.

And this, in turn, would weaken
SA’s reserve position, already at a
‘seven-year low, and accelerate the
flight of capital from the country,
which would weaken the rand even

er, ue ‘

This would certainly ‘give

a forel 1) banks something to worry
about. .”,

+: Already, there is a very real
i danger that SA debtors may find it

understanding is that the


JPRS-SSA~86-070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

UNIONS AFFECTED BY OVERSEAS CONTACTS
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English

[Text ]

CONTACT with trade union feder-
ations in the US and Europe had had a”
- “far-reaching effect” on the SA trade
union movement, Deputy Foreign
Minister Ron Miller said in Durban
yesterday. . A

~ It had also encouraged local black +
unions to increase their activity, he

22 May 86 p 7

told an industrial relations seminar of *
the Natal Chamber of Industries. *

There was no doubt that the overseas contact had
effected change in manpower matters and in the
socio-economic sphere.

Local trade unions were also subjected to a growing ,

external influence in the form of training and the
exchange of knowledge and expertise.

“During the last annual executive meeting of the
International Confederation of Free Trade Unions in
America, it was agreed that organisations would
make a definite contribution to assisting with the
development of a strong, independent black trade

19274
cso:

3400/1918

60

union movement in SA,” he said.

“The. International Labour Organisation (ILO),
through its committee on apartheid, updated its pro-
‘gramme of action against SA during its 1985 sitting.”

Miller said such actions were aimed at disinvest-
ment, withdrawal of foreign companies and foreign
-contract labour, ‘pressure ‘by foreign’ trate unions,’
prohibition of handling of goods at harbours and

, airports and the threat of an embargo on the importa-

tion of SA coal. +)’ *
“The spotlight is at present being focused on the

* TLo’s monitoring role, and centres around the actions

of governments, trade unions and other organisations
as set out in the programme,” he said.

Miller also said that different labour relations sys-
tems in southern African states might create prob-
lems for entrepreneurs.

It was necessary, therefore, that the Problems be
brought to the attention of the Manpower Department -
which, with the Foreign Affairs Department, could
raise the issue with labour administrations of neigh-
bouring states. — Sapa. .



RIGHT-WING AFRIKANERS REAFFIRM PLEDGE FOR SOVEREIGN STATE

Gathering at Voortrekker Monument

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Jun 86 p 13

[Article by Sue Leeman]

[Text ]

About 10 000 defiant right-wing
Afrikaners vowed on Saturday
to continue their fight for their
own white fatherland.

Vierkleur flags aloft, they
stood’ below tne Voortrekker
Monument to reconfirm their
desire for self-determination in
w sovereign state and pledged
to make.this a reality soon.

‘The event was supported by
a number of. political group
ings, including the Conserve:
tive Party, Herstigte Nasionale
Party, Afrikaner Volkswag and
the militant Afrikaner Weer
standsbeweging.

The ultra-right Oran
jewerkers Unie was also repre-
sented; as was the South Afri:
can Bureav for Racial Affairs.

A triumph

The gathering was regarded
as a particular triumph by the
organisers, who were at first
refased permission by the mon-
ument’s controlling council to
use the amphitheatre below the
stone colossus.

The committee gave in at
the last moment —' but stipu-
lated that the function should
not have a party-political fla-
vonr.

From early in the ssrning,
cars began ascending Monu-
ment Koppie, until a traftic
jam ensued and the municipal
traffic police were called in.

“’ AL the joot of the bill, neat
‘the Fountains pleasure resort,

about a dozen riot police with
dogs kept an eye out for trou-
ble. However, the event pro-
ceeded peacefully.

“Stormvalke’

AL one of the entrances to

‘the amphitheatre, a phalanx of
‘stocky,  khaki-clad = AWE

“Stormvalke” formed a wel.
coming line.

Waving their Vierkleurs,
they waited anxiously for their
leader, Mr Eugene Terre
Blanche, to arrive, One black
man who put in an appearance
was promptly hustled away by
“Stormvalke”.

Mr ‘erreBlanche arrived
iate and was escorted to the
flag-bedecked platform = -
where tie other speakers were
already seated ~ by his troop-
ers, who virtually brought the
procec edings ‘oa halt with their

& poctry reading and
or FIM Poigieter of
Stellenbosch gave a sermon on
the eviis of communism.

‘Then there was a ceremony

in which 40 stones were laid in
u_cairn to commemorate the
‘heroic deeds of Afrikaners of
ihe p
‘There were jeers when two
h African Defence Force
helicopters flew overhead, one
(railing a South African flag
and the other what appeared to
be an SADF banner.

‘The first speaker was leader

17

JPRS~SSA*86+0/0

8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

ot the Conservative Party, Dr
Andries Treurnicht, who said
the Afrikaner nation had come
to @ crossroads in ils history
We have a choice between
self-determination in our own
state or black domination in an
integrated country.”

‘We will fight for white au-
nd to establish our
own white fatherland.

“We want not domination but
freedom, not integration but
self-determination.”

Hard core
fated

HNP leader Mr Jaap Marais
said those present at the monu-
ment represented “the hard
core of Afrikaners who refuse
to give in.

“We will fight as our forefa-
thers did. The march of the
Afrikaner people has begun.”

Mr TerreBlanche said con-
servative Afrikaners were the
true freedom fighters because
they were doing battle for the
honour, self-respect and so-
vereignty of their nation.

“We are committed to keep-
ing what is ours. This is our
promised land and we cannot

give it away — nor do we have
the right to. We are the reality
of Africa, we live here and we
will rule our fatherland alone.”

Professor Carel Boshoff, who
heads the Afrikaner Volkswag,
said the monument showed
that the Afrikaner nation
prized freedom above every-
thing else.



Here are some of the steps which
a law-making judicial. authority 3
could take to safeguard detainees: “"
Ot could lay down a presumption ‘
that a detainee who dies or suffers
“injury in detention has not com-:,
mitted suicide or been self-injured;
Ga ane a
en appoint! persons a
able standing as visitors to detain- .,
ees, with the same fight of.
immediate access to them as the
+ judges themselves now have, and;
LIt could give a similar right of:
immediate access to a lawyer or. |
doctor selected by the detainee’
- next-of-kin. soos 4
! If these steps were taken
p ven to be effective in protecting ;.
* detainees, this would go a long way
towards giving blacks a more fa-.;
vourable Perception of the courts.‘
For although it may be desirable «,
that blacks should have more |
"rights, it is essential that the rights 4
which they already possess in the- !
_ ory should be given effective a
‘ tection in practice; from
* point of view a Pill of Rights, such -
as Minister of Justice K Coet-.
” see is prepared to consider intro-;
- ducing, is not the top priority.
The Victorian lawyer A V Dice:
‘rightly pointed out that British

freedoms were better secured by’!
« the citizen’s right to obtain specific
“remedies from the courts than?
; Were the theoretical liberties en-.:

joyed Frenchmen under the |

Declaration of the Rights of Man
and the Citizen of 1791.. ...:

S. far everything that has been -

;, Said in this article relates-to how :
, blacks perceive the working of the ;
; courts, as if in the very nature of ;
things blacks have a passive role in :

+, relation to these — that of receiv--+
.ing what the courts hand down to %
them. beard
No less important is the making *

“ of provision for blacks to partici-
2 pate actively to an inc ig ex:
it in the work of the courts. “4
Here the Hoexter Commission’s ;
heart was clearly in the’ right fl

- place, for it recommended the ap-,,,
1 pointment of blacks as mage)
: trates — the kind of magistrates 4
who hear cases in court; moreover, ::

- it called, as has been noted above, s:

19274
cs0: 3400/1919

34

'¥ for a more independent status to be”
+ given to all such magistrates.
{In making this recommendation
j: the Commission did not have as its
aima iter degree of black par-
ticipation in the work of the courts
;/as such; it simply argued that the
* white population did not produce
enough people suitable for appoint-
< ment as magistrates.
~ stopped short of discussing the ap
st 0) ing the ap-
é pointment of blacks as judges of
‘the Supreme Court and opposed
* the promotion of magistrates, whe- *
«ther black or white, to judgeships. ~
There would in any caseé have to "
be a considerable relaxation of the '
3-tensions: and conflicts that now °
si rack SA society before any black of
~: suitable qualifications and stand-
ying would be likely to accept a

Supreme Court judgeship.
Van e Hosnter Comgatsston quoted
at some length from a memoran- .
:* dum submitted to it by the Johan-

© nesburg Bar’ Association
: fishad

“reasons why leading advocat
;.,.in the past refused offers of judge- -

ships.
j_. ‘These advocates had felt misgiv-

: ings about legislation which

{: obliged them to impose minimum ~

~, Sentences for certain offences and ;
about the necessity to impose.

+; death sentences in certain cases.

i: They also felt misgivings about

y the reliability and efficiency of po

: lice investigations of crime and

& preparation of cases and about leg-

‘pislation which made it difficult for -

ya court to investigate matters

« this kind effectively:

L.. but not “least, objections
were felt to the existence of legis-
. lation considered basically offen-
i sive to Western n nations ~ clearly. a
;, reference ‘ory apartheid. ~
he Everyone of these sources of
y misgivings could hardly fail to
x stand in the way of acceptance of
judicial office by a black of suit-
sable standing. eres :
‘Can there be any clearer indica-
ition of how long and stony will be
the road leading to full black par- °
*ticipation in the work of the SA:
* courts, such as'is needed to briny
about a radical change in black s
perceptions of these? - “4



tacked by “rioters” mis-?

: taking them for “system”;

vehicles, but sometimes
it does not matter that

+ the identities of the news:

teams are known — what !

» they capture on film and
. reproduce in print

“makes the system to ha-

= rass us”, as photogra-

phers on this newspaper
have been regularly told ;
when being rudely shooed
away from the “action”.

It is no use black jour-

.. Nalists, in particular, tak- |

ing advantage of the po-
lice offer to be escorted
on “riot” stories — to be
seen in the company of+
the police would, in the.
view of most of their,
communities, be the kiss!
of death. .

Not necessarily be-’
cause the police always
see things from a differ?
ent angle to journalists, '
but also because the, po-
lice are — whether we{
like it or not — extreme-
ly unpopular in black
areas.

Recently staffers Rich.
Mkhondo and Herbert!
Mabuza were almost.
killed when a speeding
bus, apparently out of
control, missed them by
mere seconds. In another
case reporter Maud Mo-"
tanyane had to slip off
her shoes, and borrow a!
shawl to wrap around
herself to appear one of §
the “bereaved” women at
a youth’s burial — all this .
to be able to slip through
a police line blocking the

19274
cso: 3400/1982

pati to the home of ther
deceased. :

I was almost killed in!
« Uitenhage last year when
: a blood-thirsty mob mis-('
; took me for a wanted:,
é businessman who had al-?
#legedly amassed his:
# wealth. by “cheating”: i
3.-township ‘residents. ‘It’
» was a close thing, with
, more than 200 men and
«youths carrying axes,’
: spades, garden forks, and ,
&.:other weapons as well as.,
some petrol to burn me
with and also raze the
home of the people with |
4 whom I was sheltering. ~:
* * But the ultimate test is’!
“¢ the one of credibility, not °
% helped one bit-by the:
*c'maze- of Jaws -restricting=
“publication, =<
‘It does not matter one
Ac! bit, for example, that you |
witness an excess by the~
* ‘police..In terms of the’:
* Police Act the onus is on®
the reporter to show he‘
took “reasonable steps”
to prove that what he:
(was writing about the porns
a. lice was true. © *
$3. “Invariably this means 3
asking the police to com: ;
»,ment.on their own ace
#tions, which often“€omes*-
-out starkly opposite to #
«what actually happened,
“r—— but you have to write?
“their side of the story,
YSuntrue though you may”
{ believe it to be. .....:
i. It happened to me in!
‘kwaThema when I was
{ covering the funeral of a
$‘ young woman run over;
yi by a police Casspir: ‘Is
«went to the cemetery
‘} with the huge and peace-:

54

fF ful crowd, passed by Cas-
spirs all “along the way
“until the actual burial.

As soon as the burial
“was over all hell broke
‘loose — from the police
; Side. They fired teargas,
rubber bullets, and bird-
+: Shot at people. "At least 14
of the mourners were in-
| Jured. The action was
i completely unprovoked. *

But I had to get the po
lice side of the story, to,
fulfill the law. Their ver-

, Sion? Crowds had stoned
, a bottle store, and the po-
‘lice had to step in. Only

i teargas was used, and
; Several policemen were

‘slightly injured and: ‘Do-"
} body else!

i Needless to say, the
community deeply re-
‘sents such reporting be-
‘cause of its blatant di-
shonesty, which is not of
__ the reporter's making.

* The reporter has to
‘live with his people, and’

}} if they begin to suspect
lt he is fabricating events

— like in the above ex-.,

| ample — they hold new
ideas about him. His own"
‘life may then be not
« worth a tittle. :
_ MPS: Why do you think I
have used “rioters” in
quotation marks all
along? For the same rea-
son that I prefer guerril-
la to the unrepeatable
term (in the black com-
munity) which the Gov-
ernment and the SABC
¥ "use for insurgents.

ed


And, he points out, this contention is confirmed by people's answers to a
second question on whether they would stand by their views if they knew that

jobs would be lost.

“A quarter of the respondents are 'hardline,' much as in the disinvestment
question, and would advocate their position whatever the cost.

"A further quarter would sustain their stance if only few jobs were lost.

"The remaining half of the sample would be cautious if sacrifice had to be in-
volved.

“Many respondents are looking to conditional disinvestment as a strategy to
help end apartheid.

19274
CSO: 3400/1960

20



AMCOAL FORECASTS LOWER EARNINGS FOR 1986

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 4 Jun 86 p 22

{Article by Madden Cole]

[Text ]

THE uncertainties fac-'
ing the South African!

‘eval industry has prob-

ably . never © been

greater than at present °

“and Amcoal forecasts

lower earnings for the *

current year, chairman
WG Boustred says in
his annual review.

Mr Boustred points.out
that the prices for export
coal are under pressure in

dollar terms and a higher
average dollar/rand ex-

change rate for the year,
together -with working.

costs escalations are ‘ex-

pected to reduce earnings
for exports.

Lower interest rates”

will also depress earnings
on Amcoal’s substantial
cash balances. These ad-

verse factors however will ,

be offset to some extent

is expected that the result | °!

19274
cso:

by higher sales to Escom
from new collieries and it

3400/1933

will be satisfactory and
that the dividend will be
maintained.

“He says South African
coal exports in’ 1985 in-

“creased by 6,6 million
‘tons to 44,7 million tons

while ‘export through
Richards Bay increased to

‘39,6 million tons in line

with the Phase III
sion profile. Total foreign

earnings from ‘coal ex-
. Ports rose by about 80

percent to R3 079 million.

While Amcoal’s own
export tonnage in 1985 re-
flected its share of the in-
creased: throughput of
Richards Bay, -the ton-
nages exported in the last
quarter of the financial
year, were at a lower rate

‘than in the first nine

months of the financial
year, Mr Boustred says.
Referring to the inter-

87

nationally. traded steam

coal market, he points out
that increased availability
from established suppliers
became a feature in the
market as the year Pro-
gressed and. spot. prices

. began to fall...

This tendency has con-
tinued into-1986 and has
been accelerated by the
sharp decline in oil prices.
South African coal prices
too bave been further af-

». fected by decisions of cer-,

tain countries to reduce

or eliminate their depen- _

dence on South African-
coal because of their un-

favourable perceptions of ©

the political situation in
the country.

Mr Boustred ‘explains
that latest indications are
that the anticipated in-

there will be continuing

* pressure on export prices

which will result in: the
current year being a diffi-
cult one for.coal export-

He feels that the pro-
posed increase in base rail

fates for ‘coal.exports as _

well as rates being fully
indexed © by annual
changes in the Prodtiction
Price Index, ‘could se-
tiously affect the future of

JPRS“SSA*86+070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

coal exports by leading to
| hyperinflation and result
in South African coal ex-
porters being unable to
‘remain competitive in in-
ternational markets.

Referring. to the dom-
estic market; Mr Bou-
stred says . Amcoal

i an increase of
1,4 million tons in sales to
Escom while sales of bitu-
minous coal by the
TCOA declined by 4 per-
cent to 16,2 million tons.

‘And in spite of a nega-
tive growth rate of one
percent in Gross: Domes-
tic Product in 1985, there
was an increase in de-
mand for power by the
energy-intensive mining
and heavy industrial sec-
tors as a result of in-
creased export activity,
enabling Escom to
achieve a growth in elec-
tricity sent out of 4,6 per-
cent in 1985.

During the year AECI
and Amcoal continued
with an evaluation of a
synthetic fuels plant and
some progress has been
made between  AECI/

,-Amcoal and the Govern-
ment in this regard, Mr
Boustred said. _

» With Amgéoal’s strong
coal holding position im-

’ proved by the acquisition
of new reserves and the
further consolidation of
several major blocks, pro-
ven recoverable reserves
now available amount to
some 13 500 million tons.



UNREST RELATED DEATHS MONITORED, SEEN DOUBLING

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Jun 86 p 1

[Text]

19274
cso:

3400/1931

An average of 4,42 people die
every day in unrest — nearly
double the daily average in 1985,
according to the Cape Town-
based Repression Monitoring
Group (RMG).

In its latest weekly fact sheet,
the RMG says the unrest is
escalating to an alarming ex-
tent.

It quotes figures from the
South African Institute for Race
Relations, which show there
were 531 unrest-related deaths
between January and April this
year alone — an average of 4,42
aday.

A total of 879 people died in
unrest in 1985, which averaged
out at 2,4 a day,

The RMG analysis also shows
that an average of 6,1 people
were injured in violence daily in
1985.

And an average of 52 people
were detained every day last
year — a mean which rose dur-
ing the emergency, when 81 peo-
ple were detained daily.

41

SECURITY FORCES

Figures released in Parlia-
ment show a total of 2387 peo-
ple had been detained in terms
of the Internal Security Act
alone last year.

During the months of the
emergency — which began last
July and ended in March this
year — no less than 18569 peo-
ple had been detained.

The spokesman added that
another 18966 people — 54 a
day — had been arrested during
1985. A total of 13556 of these
had been under the age of 20.

A police spokesman §aid the
SAP did not have an official
breakdown of figures for 1985
and could therefore not com-
pare the RMGstatistics.

He did not officially dispute
anything in the RMG fact sheet.

The spokesman said between
+July 21 last year — the day the
emergency was declared — and
February 2 this year, a total of
7777 people had been detained
by police. ,

Twenty-five members of the
security forces died in the un-
rest.

JPRS«SSA*86~070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



19274
cso:

3400/1912

“{nvites interested parties to submit >”
their views for consideration. :
“Government will be selective in’;
applying’ any stimulatory mea-
“sures to promote exports — the,”
)-game’ must be worth the candle,”
phe says

Meanwhile, AECI is leading the*
‘export pack with chemical exports }
‘valued at R233m in 1985, followed :
: by Sasolchem with R139m and Sen- ‘
;trachem with about R106mn. AECT:
has been steadily exporting 40 000
‘tons of PVC a year at an average |
1 $500/t_ to 39 countries and is a’
major exporter in this field.» ““~?
inder says he expects low oil ;
«prices to continue for some years |
into the future. This could create a
‘situation “where demand catches |
; up with supply in the world mar-:
«kets and commodity prices recover,
;to more realistic levels,”:*:*"°?
¢ The medium-term outlook for?
commodities like plastics; chemi- ;
‘eals, ammonia, ethylene’ and,
methanol. are therefore ‘not as,j
; bleak as they have been. oe
'. Sasolchem GM Andre Bedeker ,
foresees lower export prices for ;
; some products, due to the oil price,
; crash, although roughly half of Sa-;;
: solchem’s export products are not;
sensitive to oil prices. : 3

a “We expect a slight fall in gross ;
export receipts in 1986/87. Apart”
from this, our product spread over *
various markets gives us a secure.’
j-basé against market fluctuations, ;
+ while the general outlook remains ,
fairly favourable. We aim to in-:
x, erease production in some areas to:
s meet demand,” he says. f°. =
+s Bedeker ’ sa’ exports rovide
roughly one-third of Sasolchem’s”
gross income from chemical sales,
' while surplus capacity on the 1
«market is Increasingly utilised fors
{additional exports. This contrasts‘
.: with AECI, where exports provide’
only about 10% of total turnover at;
; this stage. " aA 4
~- Triomf Fertiliser is also active:
«in the export field, although its
~ 400 000 tons a fot Richards Bays
fagseren acid plant is not break-
i gece

even.“ Sop genni

- “The export market is scraping:

' the bottom due to overcapacity,;
+;, while we also suffer from Foskor’s,
; high phosphate rock prices, SA’
:,Transport Services’ high. freight:
y Charges from Phalabora and the;
(exorbitant costs of im sul-;
y phur, which now costs $135/t FOB;
Vancouver,” says Triomf GM of!
purchasing Bill Sampson.’ 3": :;:"t

82



19274
CSO: 3400/1932



IPRS«SSA«86« “070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

SHRINKING EXPORT PROSPECTS BLOCKING RICHARDS BAY EXPANSION

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 30 May 86 p 17
{Article by Helga St Blaize-Molony]

{Text ]

DISCUSSIONS over the'expansion of : which would be implemented’ later’

‘Richards Bay Coal Terminal (RBCT):! i and which the new users w were

have suffered a further setback, '
owing to SA Transport Services’
-®aks) p Plans to raise rail rates. 150
king export prospects are al
obstructing expansion Plans which
have been in abeyance for over a
year.
The key to the problem is finance.’
Twas financed and estab-.
listed by its present users, which in-
clude the mah collieries in SA. At

resent, it is signed to h to handle y
-million tons sapected to export ls

year, the RBCT is ex
40-million tons. Pee

Phase three of the RBCT allows :

to 52-million tons by!

exports to go
1988. Most fi this tonnage is produced i

by
ut tinder pha hase four, export au-
thorities have been granted to a num-
ber of small mines and follieries,
bringing tonnages up to ion
tons altogethes 80-mnlllion tons of
which is destined to go through

Phase four’s expansion plan entails
two stages: the low-cost Brownfields
stage (a) for which some infrastruc-
ture already exists; and the much
more costly Greenfields stage (b)

19274

cso: 3400/1913

*. ed to undertake.

: The scheme, drawn up by produc.

“ers when burgeoning export
\ was expected up to the year: 2 000,
4 was viewed e newcomers a3
fairly hibitive in cost. Negotia-
tions
alternative solution.
However, now all such discussions

: have come toa temporary halt, It says i

Icodev MD and cl

Large New Users
Not only has i

igitore even less attrac-

rman
{U) Alan Tew.

‘capital

* 4! tive but also th rospedt for $0 for
exports has drama ically” de

' Sees are already struggling to
maintain contracts overseas and
through the RBCT are down. :

be expanded to full cay
ito handle 70-million
1992-2000.

low railage rates have added 4.
“ paler obstacle, Producers face in-

-} ereases of up to 50% in rail charges,
..or R7/t when current transport con-
_ Bacts expire in March ‘next year,
Coal prod lucers are still hoping to

ts down, but “until we know

83

ve been underway. to find: an:

lation made any.”

mt had already been agreed earlier |:
. this peer thatthe termite should not .
fos 8 year but ow :

“what costs are going to be, we cannot

ahead with plans,” says Tew.
bare ‘alternative tremsport plan has
been thrown into disarray by

also
- declining ex ex or ts Some of th

re

ded by Independent
Sal Producers ‘Association’ chair-
man Danie Kirsten, were negotiat-
ing with Sats over the purchase and
ays o of the Durban coal termi-

oct i als
fraught with problems now aggravat-
ta by the recessionary climate. Says
“There are many producers

~a source:
who would like to be in on the scheme.

Sometimes as many as 50 seem inter- '
ested when the rand is right, and no
doubt if the coal price was more fa-
vourable.”

“Expansion of the terminal could
cost anything from R80m to
R200m. It all on how many
users there are and how much they
are prepared to pay. At the moment,
no-one seems to pay any-
thing.’



FRONT RUNNERS IN BOTHA SUCCESSION RACE DESCRIBED

JPRS«SSA+86+070

8 July 1986

“SOUTH AFRICA

Cape Town WEEKEND ARGUS in English 31 May 86 p 14

{Article by Bruce Cameron]

[Text ]

THE olitical fight to become heir,”
to President P W Botha is warm-
ing up. And not only is it accentua
ing divisions within the National P:
ty but also placing a question mark‘:
over the pace of reform. ~
It is widely accepted in Nationalist cir-
cles that President Botha will step down
by the next general election, due in 1989.
As a result, the in-fighting between
‘Cabinet contenders and their supporters
appears to already be at a high Bich
Claims are being made about decisions _,
being taken to put some contenders at a.- i
disadvantage while improving the. :
chances of others. oan
The position is being exploited to the
hilt by the Conservative Party which is‘.
putting out a deluge of rumour: to sow
‘urther dissension in Nationalist ranks. ‘ *
The whispering campaigns within the *.
National Farty cover everything from,
personal attacks throu; to the divi
over the pace of reform.’ The mai
Seuvring appears to be affecting such
diverse issues as the Commonwealth Em-
.inent_ Persons’ Group and appointments
:on Afrikaans newspapers. -. sate 208
The rumours and speculation even
,on in Government circles as various Cal
net Ministers line up against each other.
Hints of the back-biting are “leaked” by
“political supporters as well as by officials :
who would obviously have a stake in one «
of their bosses getting the top job.

HE front runners in the Presidential

stakes at this stage are Foreign Min-
ister Mr Pik Botha, Minister of Constitu-' ;
tional Development Mr Chris Heunis, and !
Transvaal Nationalist leader Mr F W de =:

28

‘Klerk. The Minister of (black) Education
“and Development Aid, Dr Gerrit Viljoen,
is regarded as an outsider.

The three main contenders are each
hmarkigg «out distinct areas within the
Nationalist ideological spectrum. ‘.:..”!
¥:. Mr Pik Botha’s is that of rapid reform
yand. the virtual total scrapping of apart-
theid; Mr Heunis, as the present main ar-
“ chitect of reform, is moving into the mid-
, dle ground; and Mr. de Klerk is on the
{ right, giving the appearance of not want-
‘ing to be sullied by the reform ' pro-
+ gramme, ‘

:.’ There are genuine differences on im-
*’ portant issues such as the release of Mr
2, Nelson Mandela, the unbanning of the
ANC, the scrapping of the Group Areas
“Act, the continued accent being placed on
‘ethnicity, and the forays of the Defence
Force into neighbouring countries.
‘Also, some Ministers and their support-
to question how others

é. ers are startin;
«are doing their

* the police by the Minister of Manpower,

Mr Pletie ‘du Plessis,-after the National-
ist-conservative battle of Pietersburg.

Before this, senior Government offi-

* cials admitted privatel that the Conser-

a: vatives had a strong following within the

: police force. And more covertly they crit-

«, Ieised Law and Order Minister Mr Louis

©’ le Grange for not exercising stronger con-
trol over the police.

The position has further led to private
‘warnings to the effect that unless reform
bis Properly controlled, thére could be a
“< real threat of a coup engineered by some

politicians with the assistance of ele-
£ ments of the police as well as the army.

. One instance was the :

ig unprecedented public: condemnation -of- :

Me



19274
cso:

3400/1896

working for Travel Visi-
son (Pty) Limited — for
having been instrumental
in making some’ of the
8,000 tourists visit Malawi
during the 1985/86 season.

In an interview later,
the leader of the South
African guests, Mr. Len
Oblowitz, Travel Visi-
son’s national sales man-
ager, said the visit had
been a great eye opener to
all his colleagues.

Although they had
‘sold’ Malawi to many
tourists in South Africa,
the officials themselves
lacked first hand informa-
tion about this country, he
said.

“This wonderful taste
of Malawi will now enable
us to speak more author-
itatively in persuading
tourists - to come _ this

way,” Mr. Oblowitz

stated.

He said the immaculate
Kamuzu International
Airport in Lilongwe was
the first among a number
of pleasant surprises he
and his colleagues had
had in Malawi, including
the _people’s__ unique
warmth, _ well-developed
infrastructure and a sense
of security visitors felt
wherever they went.

“The depreciation of
the rand back home has

-made travel abroad ex-

pensive for many tourists.
And. as they will now be
looking for destinations
closer to home, I think
Malawi will be the ideal
lace to come to,” the

ravel Visison official ex-
plained.


SPENDING DOUBLES ON NEW COLORED SCHOOLS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 30 May 86 p 4

[Article by Joe Openshaw]

(Text ]

19274
cso:

3400/1931

At R112 million, the amount voted for new buildings for the col-
oured Department of Education and Culture this year is nearly
double last year's amount.

This will include 49 new schools, the Minister of the department,
Mr Carter Ebrahim, told the House of Representatives during the
debate on his vote.
~ He said about 9000 classrooms would have to be built over the
next five years to overcome the backlog and accommodate the
annual increase in pupil numbers.

Though the R102 million budgeted this year for new primary

and secondary schools was a big increase over last year's R61 mil-

lion, it was considerably less than the R139 million requested.

STRONG APPEAL

“I would like to make a strong appeal for a better and more
equitable allocation of funds for the erection of schools and other
educational facilities,” Mr Ebrahim said.

There was virtually no organised, competitive school sport be-
cause there were so few school sport facilities.

“This enables politically inspired sports bodies which control
most of the communal and others sports facilities in the country to
take school sports in tow and to use our pupils to further their own
aims.”

Mr Ebrahim said the building of a new Technical College in
Athlone at an estimated cost of R40 million had been delayed be-
cause of a shortage of ground.

Negotiations were under way to acquire more land.

43

JPRS*SSA~86~070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



GOVERNMENT ANXIOUS TO TAP TOURIST POTENTIAL, HOTELS PLANNED

Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English 28 May 86 p 1

[Article by Samuel Chunga]

[Text]

MALAWI is determined to fully tap its tou-
rism potential by building more modern
hotels and resorts and improving access
roads to the facilities, some of which will
dot beaches of the nation’s magnificent

lake.

The Principal Secretary
in the Ministry of Trade,
Industry and Tourism said
this when he addressed a
top-flight group of seven
travel agents and a tour
operator from South
Africa at a reception the
Ministry hosted at Capital
Hotel in Lilongwe on Sun-
day night.

The reception was held
on the eve of the group’s
return home after a hectic
three-day visit to the
country. .

Nkopola Lodge, Club
Makokola in Mangochi,
and Lidongwe hotels were
some of the places the
guests visited.

_ Commenting after Min-
istry officials and the
guests had had an hour
Tong ‘debriefing’ on the
current limitations and
potential of the country’s
tourism industry, the
Principal Secretary said
the &overnment was keen
to effect unprecedented

improvements to make
Malawi a major attraction
for tourists from all over
the world.

He stated that the con-
struction of hotels and re-
sorts, the improvement of
access roads and even an
introduction of special air
and road package trips
were some of the plans
the government and some
private organisations had
inthis context. ’

“Compared to other
countries in this part of
the world, we are a
cheaper and more appro-

riate destination an

ope there will be more
tourists coming to Mala-
Wi,” the Principal Sec-
retary said, adding that at-
tractions includes the
country’s lake, wildlife,
scenic beauty and_ its
people whose friendliness
has made the nation to be
popularly known as ‘The
warm heart of Africa’

He thanked the South
African visitors — mainly

JPRS-SSA~86~0/0
8 July 1986

MALAWI


19274
cso:

“ Several political g groups have

3400/1928

dents and, in March, a woman’, |. Wits campus’ The Progressive’
suspected of being a police spy. Federal Party has said, it will
was dragged to.safety after! — set up a committee to monitor
several hundred students had: ~- the situation at the university. *

chased and interrogated her:~ The leader of the PFP in the.

“We cannot tolerate police Transvaal, Mr Douglas Gibson,
“-spies on ‘the campus. We know: +.:Said he.was appalled at the .
, Who you are and the BSS can. ‘ over-reaction by the: authori- «
*no longer. protect you,” said Mr?
“Cachalia at a recent student
meeting. °, 4

ies to the legitimate expres-
sion of opinion by students. .* +
“The PFP.is:unhappy about -
the situation at Wits. Whether «
people like it or not, university !
tudents have the right to par-
” Mrs
a

also deplored recent évents on ticipate ‘in’ political .1i
4. Gibson said:3!° 4!

Over the past ‘year; 7 the ‘University th
, Tienced several violent theidents.

} @May 31 1985: Members’; ‘OF ‘the Black ‘Students Society: (Bs):
hold-an’.anti-Republic Day meeting: Student‘ Moderate Alliance

« (SMA) .members ‘have a stand-75m away from the BSS meeting
.where they issue free South African flag stickers and pro-Govern-

:.mént literature: Security men battle for more than three hours to.
prevent head-on conflict between the two groups.
@ August 13 1985: Police storm the campus following a. studeht
meeting to discuss.the state of emergency. and consumer boycot{s.
» About 40 students are injured in the clash and eight arrested. - ¢
 @ Marci 19 1986: Black Student Society members break up a Stu-:

dent Moderate Alliance, meeting to be addressed by Unita.":°.""’ +
@ May 1 1986: A busload of Wits students returning from, a May”
Day rally are teargassed by soldiers in Diepklopf, Soweto: :: “12-4...

! @ May’ 20, 1986: ‘About 200 ‘police ‘converge on ‘the campus and
; break! tip’ a’ meeting’ organised:to discuss the SADF raids into
neighbouring countries.:The' police arrest 13 people -and several
students suffer from sjambok weals and: two are bitten by police
dogs. ,There is also.a clash between black students and SMA mem-
bers who had set’ up a stand to conimemorate : ithe third. anniver-
sary of the Pretoria bomb blast. ~ staph ae? 4
@ May 29 1986: SMA and BSS students: "clash: Police invade the
» campus and charge students several times A student, Mr Ronnje
: Makgosi is arrested. : #
@ May :30 1986: Police arrest 48 “academics and pe
tempt to march to the Hillbrow Police Station. -
@ May. 31:.'A heavy police contingent reaks, 1 an Badvcation
Charter Campaign meéting.:« fayth an non

37



JPRS“SSA~86~0/0
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

"MODERATE' BLACK LEADERS VISIT UK, CRITICIZE EPG

MB111903 Johannesburg Television Service in Afrikaans 1800 GMT 11 Jun 86

[Text] A group of moderate black leaders from South Africa is on a visit to
Britain and Europe on the eve of the release of the Commonwealth Eminent
Persons Group's [EPG] report in London. Today they met conservatives in the
British lower house.

[Begin video] [Correspondent Clarence Keyter] Tomorrow the much publicized
report of the EPG on South Africa will be officially released, and while
there is talk about sanctions on South Africa, the visit of the four moderate
black leaders could not have come at a better time. The group, which con-
sists of Bishop Isaak Mokoena of the Independent Reformed Churches Associa-
tion; the mayor of a town near Port Elizabeth, Mr Livingstone Linda; a
councillor, Mr (Hemans Koto); and Mrs (Cindy Leonsinis) of the Victims
Against Terrorism Organization of South Africa, were met outside the lower
house by Mr John Carlisle, a Conservative MP for North Luton. The group of
four moderate black leaders had the opportunity to address 15 MP's in the
lower house and transcription: of the meeting was also handed to the leader
of the Labor Party, Mr Neil Mkinnock, the leader of the Liberal Party,

Mr David Steel, and the leader of the Social Democratic Party, Dr David Own.
All four members of the group were outspoken in their talks with the
parliamentarians and about their aim in visiting Britain and Europe [changes
to English] Bishop Mokoena, what do you expect to achieve whilst being in
Britain and later on in Europe?

[Mokoena, in English] Well, what we want to do, what we envisage to achieve
is to bring to the notice of the British people and people in Europe that
there is alternative authentic voice to that of Bishop Tutu.

[Keyter, in English]; Mayor Linda, could I turn to you now. What is your
reaction and your group's reaction to the report of the EPG coming out
tomorrow?

[Linda in English] Yes, our reaction to that report and to that group--we
termed them as one of the failure groups to have visited our country because
their main failure when they visited South Africa they only met certain indi-
viduals, and certain people of interest in South Africa were left out and we
deem it fit wuch a report must not be accepted by the European Community
because it does not represent all views in my country. That is why we are
here. We want to put our views across so that the people can know there is
another authentic voice in South Africa which wants to settle the problems
in my country on a peaceful change. [as heard] [end video]

/9365 16
CSO: 3400/1987



IRINGA-DODOMA INAUGURATION MARKS END OF ELECTRICITY SHORTAGE

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 16 May 86 p 2

[Article by Zephania Ubwani]

Text an ar
t } TANZANIA” will” receive,
27m'- grant from ‘France in
technical, :assistance:: for the
rehabilitation of the 850m.+ two-
Sod ‘old Terminal Two of the

ares Salaam ‘International
Airport(DIA). «tet

The « ultra-modern .complex, °

which -was ..constructed-jby 4.7
Paris-based firm, Bouygues. ‘was,
completed‘and handed over
the « Tanzania:‘Government
October, 198
Many sophi

isticated . systems:

such as the display.screens have ; ,

been out of order for months.and
a number -of ‘equipment - have
apparently been vandalised.

‘An . :greement ‘for. * the .
rehabilitation of the facility was
signed yesterday at the Treasury"!
in Dar es Salaam by Minister for
Finance, and Economic’ Affairs:
., Ndugu *,Cleopa*
Msuya the ©" French
Ambassador. to “Tanzania. Mr“
. Georges Emile Vinson:

However. the grant, will take’

effect ina few weeks’ time when

an operational agreement gets;
signed between the Ministry of
‘ommunications and Works and

a French firm, Sofreay' ich
= wall, undertake’ f;,,,

rehabilitation. .. «41. wat

Four.:.French:, expert
waiting : foruthe: signing.
operational pact before’

Dar’: es! Salaam

Commercial *Attach

Troubletzkoyitold:

News yesterday ’#: 447 f

Under the agreement:.the four ;,
experts will stay; in the, country:

' tor two years to stake ‘charge: of
i maintenance of *airports>
}equipment, radar and handling +;

3400/1979

19274
cso:

11

1 Zystértis, meteorological. and
¢lectrical genetat

The — signing’ !*ceremton

H ;equipment.:
| esterday was the culmination o
t

1
{
\
H
i

egotiations for ‘revamy

irport, which bégan in ‘ebruary ”

high voltage power’ supply..and

ing ‘the

+ last-year, hardly a year after the»
airport went into operations. +“

\ of

for _ technical
personnel who will mai
sophisticated computerised
{ eqitpment and ;; maintenance
i. operations» sof. : the » ; various
Bat ibeairpertey:s,

i Althotgh under —_ the
“ construction agreement signed
re with Bouygues training for
‘1 personnel _was included, the
© Tanzania Government still felt it
© needed more _ sophisticated
chnicians.

in Cairo, Egypt, and Paris, at a

- edst of 2.3m/4 and iti had! ben

hoped that thé airport would
have been mannea by ‘tanzantan
tephnicians by the time of
: handover in June, 1984.6."
| ‘
i iThe DIA, built next to. the
1.1954 now Terminal One of the
: airport, involved -the extention
j_ and strengthening the main
<)funway from. 2,600. to, 3,000
meties and widening it from 45
to metres enough to.handle
ty the biggest nget aircraft.
Other taclities included. the
runway lighting system, the fire
facility, radar, freight terminal
anda modern passen t terminal
which is expected to handle up to
_ L:7'million’ passengers by 1990.
+The ‘al ‘also has? hanging
bridges or gangways.

toe
¥fanzania technicians trained

uF The agreement also ‘provides ’

|

in the |

JPRS*SSA~86~0/0
8 July 1986

TANZANIA



Weaker Rand Disguises Mineral Export Situation
(Roy Bennetts; BUSINESS DAY, BO May 86). ceeeeccececveeceees

Amcoal Forecasts Lower Earnings for 1986
(Madden Cole; THE CITIZEN, 4 Jun 1.)

Transvaal Facing Continued Drought, Water Crisis
(THE DAILY NEWS, 29 May 86)..

Mervest Acquiring Diamonds in Deeper Waters
(THE CITIZEN, 2 Jun 86)...+--++

New Facility. Opened at Optimum Collieries
(THE CITIZEN, 2 Jun 86)..

Briefs
Farm Jobs Dwindling
Mining Important Job Creator
,Consumer Crisis Bars Economic Recovery
Antracite Colliery Opened
Free. Training Offer to Jobless
Bleak Consumer Trend
Orange River Development Project
New Fishing Techniques Urged
Record Wool Earnings

INDUSTRIAL/S8T

16539

Sugar Industry Ethanol Project Discussed
(BUSINESS DAY, 23 May 1.) See

Tugela River Basin Development Project
(Richard Cluver; THE DAILY NEWS, 26 May 86)...-.eeeeesereees

Richards Bay Difficulties in Attracting Industries Viewed
(FINANCIAL MAIL, 23 May 86)....-

Government Industrial Development Strategy Criticized
(David Furlonger; BUSINESS DAY, 23. May 86)..eeeeseeeeeeeeece

Briefs
GM Seeks South African Partner

-e-

85

87

88

89

94

95

97

99

101



JPRSSSA“86~070
8 July 1986

he had already received R100,000 worth of food and that five containers were
due to be shipped out of Durban harbour over the next few days. Mr Ismail, a
regular visitor to Mozambique, said the prolonged drought had reduéed the
rural populations to destitues. Once the food arrived in Mozambique, social
workers would take on the task to distribute it to the rural communities most
affected. "Some of the people have had no solid food for weeks. They are now
surviving on the barest of essentials and at times that means only water," said
Mr Ismail. [Text] [Durban POST NATAL in English 4-7 Jun 86 p 5] /9274

SURVEY ON INDIAN UNEMPLOYMENT-~Indians were better off than the coloured com
munity during the economic crisis, according to a survey released by the Central
Statistical Service in Pretoria this week. While the survey showed a staggering
31,063 Indian workers or 10.2 percent of the employment force during the year
ended February 1986 were without jobs, the coloured commmity saw their unemploy-
ment figures jump from 86,000 to 108,000 or by 25.6 percent. The economically
active Indian population during this time was 304,277 and during the previous
year 22,942 or 7.7 percent of 275,394 were without jobs, according to the sur-
vey. It also showed unemployment in January 1986 to February the same year
jumped from 10.1 percent to 10.2 percent. The estimated number of unemployed
for February 1986 when compared with the same period in 1985 shows the number
of unemployed increased from 22,942 to 31,063, or by 35.4 percent. "Unemploy-
ment in respect of males and females increased by 34.2 percent and 37.4 percent
respectively," according to the survey. During February 1986 only 13,246
Indians registered as being unemployed and during the previous year 7,353.

The researchers said in their report it seemed that either the affected people
did not realise the benefits of being registered, or were not contributors and
consequently not entitled to benefits. According to observers, the figures are
expected to rise even further during the present year which ends in February
1987. [Text] [Durban POST NATAL in English 4-7 Jun 86 p 5] /9274

CSO: 3400/1985

66



SATHS COOPER DISCUSSES NATIONAL FORUM'S

JPRS~sgan
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

STRUCTURE, OPERATION

Johannesburg WORK IN PROGRESS in English May 86 pp 20-24

[Interview with National Forum Convenor
Lusiba Ntloko, by Susan Brown; date and

[Text ]

What is the National Forum ~ an event or
an organisation?

The NF is an alliance of organisations
of the left, which are all socialist.
There is no other common factor, It is
not an affiliate structure. A wide range
of allied groups attend the forums we
hold at least twice a year. They are
occasions for analysis and taking
ideological positions: one forum
produced the first complete internal
response to the Nkomati Accord, for
example.

At the first national forum in 1983, a
wide range of opposition tendencies was
represented for the first time, from
Black Consciousness and Africanism to
workerists and Charterists. This
diversity remains: the NF now has Black
Consciousness groups like AZAPO;
Africanist groups like Azanian National
Youth Unity; extreme class-analysis
positions like that of the Western Cape
Youth League; and non-racialism as
represented by some Cape Action League
affiliates. There are groups which place
the nationalist struggle above the class
struggle, and there are labour groupings
as well. The Azanian Manifesto sets out
the principles of this alliance.

Ultimately, the NF is not an

Saths Cooper and Publicity Secretary
place not given]

organisation, but a forum — by our
nature we must assume organisational
limits to our activities. There have
been calls for the NF as such to
undertake co-ordinated action, but it
cannot be done because of our alliance
nature.

What are the NF's present relations with
the UDF?

The March 1985 national forum in Durban
was the first at which no
representatives of UDF affiliates were
present. The National, Education Crisis
Committee (NECC) meeting on the same
weekend, which the UDF hierarchy
attended, did not fall on the same days
as the forum,

The reason the UDF stayed away this
time was, we think, its leaders' belief
in its exclusive authority, its sole
representativeness and its general push
for hegemony. UDF leaders see themselves
as in a state of internecine warfare, ap
attitude which has led to the violations
of democracy exemplified by violent
attacks on AZAPO, particularly in the
Eastern Cape.

This attitude represents a
misunderstanding of the democratic
process ~ people in South Africa have

21

86-070


Dodoma, — the” fits
town Was getting 4.1
from. the two dies .
electricity stations m the town.

+ Naw about 4.200 tonnes of heavy:

fuel worth about 4 milion - will:
be saved a year.

The project.in
President: Mwinvi_ last
also included a su
Zuzu — ten kilometres west of
Dodoma.— ‘with a capacity“to’, ;
supply .32 megawatts of power,
That 1s ten times the amount of
power supplied to Dodoma now. ;

‘The inauguration on the other:;
hand, marked the beginning ‘of.
the north-west extension of th
national grid currently estimated.
tw'-cost’ about "2. million 62
upon completion. + eae

That seems to. be:.a. large {
amount of money but Tanesco $335
Managing Director ‘Said’ ‘the 4
amount iS little compared to the
huge losses the country incurred,
every year because ~of power.
intérruptions. or lack of it, dué to"
shortage of diesel. or machine
breakdowns. tae bar

The kev celement. to the,
successful implementation of the
north-west power grid. however. !
lay with linking the national grid
Hinged. around. Kidatu) ta-the—
Mtera power plant scheduled for_ i
commissioning towards the end,’
of 1988. Fake
According to the Ministet for’
ergy and Is. Ndugu Al-
Noor Ka um. the K datu Mtera
complex, along with the existing ©
hydro stati nat Hale, Pi ia
Nyumba-Ya-Mungu’. °°" “and
Kikuletwa. supplemented | by
isolated diescl plants in the few,
remaining areas, are.capable. of

a

meeting the’ nation’s Roreky
demand to the year 1992‘ahd’
thereabouts. Pe pat

“In fact even without Mtera.J
Kidatu:is still large enouglt (53,
Supply our requirements for tle?!
next two to three years,” Ndugu
Al-Noor Kassum ‘told President +
Mwinyi and other: dignitaries}
who attended the inauguration {
ceremony at), Zuzu |; near,

19274
cso: 3400/1979

_-cone? ston of th

Dadomad. ” ” 4
Me dispelled fears that” the
f the, nationa) power;
rid to the Mtéra power plant iff |
the next: two years would mean
the, underutibsaton of poWer to
be generated . from: the . new:
complex since’ the north-w
extension» would’ < not
completed, -t pete
+The. government. -he said. t
found it imperative to speed up,;
the construction of transmission +
lines’ for the ‘north-west ,
-extension of tlie national grid —.,
hand in -hand ‘with the,

completion of the Micra dam"

plant in order, to end power -
supply’ ‘problem:
po.sible. oa
1 The new... power: I
expected to give a fresh impetus
to the’ ‘capital’, development. ,
roprame *‘Doubting, |
fhamasesTM”' hate — often-times |
attributed poor eiectricity supply 7
as one of the reasons for the slow
move to Dodoma.“ 8°"
Ndugu  Kassum . said ‘the
completion. of -north-west grid
extension “will mean an end tery
costly imports’ of. spares and.
supplies and annual savings of ,
some 31.000 tonnes of heavy fuel,,

oile year : .
-Atwill further thean the releas
of vitally needed railway wagon
tanker facilities and fuel storage
space in substantial amounts that-
willsthen be available for use.on
othe? assignments: in: fine with
the, ,. nation’s, development,
priorities... . oan
” The:line-would briig relict 0,
the... towns -.of |... Mwanza.’
Shinyanga, ‘Mwadui., Musoma, .’
Singida and Tabora where power "
suppy difficultiés has disrupted‘)
industrial production. Tt es

from: Dodornd
farted. A Yugoslav" $

compiiny.. Energoinvest. has :i
started ~ building a ky |
powertine towards Mwanza. The:
ine is expected to reach Singida

by the middle of the vear.


THRIVING HOMES BUSINESS DEVELOPING IN SOWETO

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 3 Jun 86 p 16

{Article by Frank Jeans]

(Text ] While the white “residential
property market remains -slug:
gish, a comparatively’ thriving’
homes business has been estab:
lished in Soweto as more and
more ‘residents break away
from the 51/6 shacks concept.
., Almost 700 houses were re-
sold in the township between:
April 1985 and March this“year
and some prices went as high as
R80 000 or R90 000. *1. a tio

The majority of the resales,;
‘however, were in the R15 000 to.”
R20000 range and covered
houses which have been upgrad-
ed from, the 51/6 and 51/9 co
structures, fit Foo Ya

“Sellers have taken advantage °.
of the favourable discounts
under the “Great Sale” by the
Department .of Constitutional
Development and Planning,
when homes were bought for: as
little as R1 500.5 (ae fhe

All the homes were’ bought

and resold under 99-year
holds. 7: "21 ye

“Many sellers have used the
profits from the sales to build ;
new homes in upmarket suburbs
such as-Protea North and Diep- ;

: kloof Extension,” says a spokes-;
man for the West Rand Develop-

ing home improvement as a~
means of uplifting their -lifé-*
styles in the short-term and ac-*
quiring far more prestige homes
in the longer term.” fe :
Resale volumes are likely to
rise as more and more Sowetans-

19274 2%6
cso: 3400/1927

take advantage of ‘the Situation
" ‘agents
come more activesstsiy4i% "4
‘This; in turn, ‘must provide-a -
much’ needed boost for. Sowetan ‘
building contractors, : heey
“There are’more and’imore,
blacks coming into the real es.
tate,.business as agents,” says
Mr Alex. Weiss, co-ordinator’ of

* the “Great Sale”"and assistant

director in the department... ..’;
“Th the Soweto resale and sec-

ondary market; the:normal

commission rates -are charged

by the agents and once full own-"
érship rights are grantéd, there ,
will. be the usual transfer and ,

é bond registration fees as is' the:

practice in the white market.”
That is why that at this time.
it is wise for the blacks to buy
their: properties: now under4
leasehold and at, considerably

_ lower outlay. 0 ween

It:is understood ‘that white ,
and-black estate agents operat-.:

~ ing in the township marketplace ,

charge the same.five percent .
commission rate i
secondary market.

IJPRS~SSA~86*070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



TUGELA RIVER BASIN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 26 May 86 p 9

{Article by Richard Cluver]

[Text ]

“THE LAST major effort of the '

doomed Natal Provincial

Council could be a bid to'

reawaken an old dream — a
major industry scheme for the
mighty Tugela River basin.

A big selling campaign is

due to be launched within aTM

few weeks.

Considering the dire water ..
shortages experts say will.
start hampering South Africa ‘

within a few decades as the

population explosion catches *

up with limited resources,

Natal’s water supplies guaran-*
tee a growing importance for.

this region.

; Although the province oceu-

,pies only eight percent of.
‘South Africa’s land, it has 40
percent of its water.

More than anywhere else,'

that water is concentrated in:
ithe Tugela River and that’ is‘
what makes this 600 kilome-‘

tres of winding valley and
plain possibly the most impor-

tant place, strategically, in all

of South Africa.

Water in abundance is, how:
ever, just the beginning of the
bounty with which this valley
is blessed.

- It has its own coalfields and’

is thus assured of cheap elec-
trical power. It is also close to
the two greatest seaports in

Africa; Richards Bay and Dur-.,
atichest of all is its human:

resources, for within it and
close to it lives the greatest
concentration of people in sub-
;Saharan Africa and most of
them are jobless.

All this means that the Tu-

gela River basin will become ‘

the industrial hub of South
* Africa, “5
| Indeed, it might ‘well be ar-
igued that it would be foolish
sto built most major factories
anywhere ‘else in the country
‘+ for this could spark mas-
sive relocation. costs early
‘next century. “>.

Surprisingly, given these
facts, Natal has tried without
‘ap arent success since 1951 to

ell the Tugela to the rest of
‘South Africa.

In that year the Natal Town
and Regional Planning Com-
«mission was formed to study
and plan the valley’s future.

In 1964 Natal’s Town and
_ Regional Planner, Mr E. Thor-
‘ rington-Smith unveiled a blue-
* print for'a cit if of 2,5-million
; people straddlit

Estcourt. © *
It would be a city built to

give its citizens maximum ‘

breathing space. There would
be blocks of skyscrapers inter-

spersed with green strips and -

traffic-free zones.

~ No buildings would be al-
‘lowed to front onto the mesh
‘of motorways. - Residential

95

ne Ladysmith i
and Colenso and: verging on °

JPRS*SSA«86-070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS“SSA~86~070
8 July 1986

TRANSVAAL FACING CONTINUED DROUGHT, WATER CRISIS

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 29 May 86 p 14

[Text ]

19274
cso:

PRETORIA: Water consumption.
in the Transvaal is still rising,
: with no end to the devastating
drought in sight. ~~: cae

Meanwhile,.water reserves are on :

‘the decline ~ ‘while the Transyaal
atchment areas have yet to recelve
-ain this month. *

© sumption has risen’ from one percent,
/ above the quota allocated to municipal-

i “ities by. the board for the month.of

© April to 5,2 percent above quota:
In comparision, Transvaal dams are.
4,9 percent full against the 252
cent of last week.’
* The chairman, of the Rand Water.
« Pate, Mr Dave Hobbs, commented

that although such fluctuations are not ~

unusual, the saltuation is being slewed

_ Seriously. oe

Commenting that gardens should not

be watered at this. time of year, he

would expect consumption to drop
rather than to rise, he said. ~

“We expect municipalities not to ex: §

ceed their allocated quotas.” .
A Pretoria City Council spokesman
confirmed that water consumption has

3400/1986

88

rk,

The latest figures released by ‘the’
' Rand Water Board reveal that con-

increased from 2,4 percent above quota
. for the month of April to 3,2 percent
above quota.
:. The council appealed to residents to
‘use water in a responsible manner.
> The Vaal Dam is at present 18,7 per-i
’ cent full, Bloemhof is at 2,9 percent and ;
“ Sterkfontein is at 29,9 percent. The:
Woodstock. dam in Natal, which feeds :
Sterkfontein, is at 99 percent." | H
-No rain has fallen in the Transvaal!
‘catchment areas this month.
\m@ NATAL'S dams are still filled to the!
brim as a result of abundant down-;
pours during the rainy season. | *
Midmar Dam is 97,9 percent full,’
while Albert Falls ts filled to the 97,2 |
percent mark..The combined capacity

“ss of both is 97,4 percent. Drinking water

is. being pumped from both dams,:
“which were 100 percent full last month. :

The relative outflow at Midmar Dam !
is 1,45 cubic metres a second and four
cubic metres a second at Albert Falls. 4

Nagle Dam is 88,8 percent full, two}
percent up on last month's reading of.
86 percent.

The level of most. dams is expected
to decrease slowly over the next few
months, as no further rain‘is expected
‘ until October. .

SOUTH AFRICA


DANISH AGENCY TO PROVIDE EQUIPMENT FOR WATER PROJECT
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 23 May 86 p 4
[Article by Elizabeth Marealle]

{Text ]
"the core technical team to take ©
f Part in all stages lik ‘masonry,
{digging ‘ trenches,” layingpipes
‘and plumbing to erlable: them
run afd maintain the network if,
their. respective, villages when it
jis ready. 3, wR
8 The Naihi village has by-laws
jwhich’ require :all able-bodied
i persons inthe: villagé’ to volun?
teer! in ‘implementing develoy
«ment projects eifier in person or.
syghrough,.fepresentation | :
member.ot their family. Equi
‘zment for the scheme has bod
‘ordered and the first consign-
i ment is.expected by the middle
> ‘of this year, according to Minde.
The-scheihe, will detinitely help
, to.,alleviate health” problems ‘,
«which are brought about by con:
; taminated water. ‘
A tural. medical aid,, Just
Kimario, said diarrhoeais one of
s .the’ : most: : common ., diseases *
has to'go to fetch water. At pre- ‘reported at the Nzihi dispensary.
sent most of the taps are placed “Other diseases: are ,stomach-
along the only main road-in the pains, .:,,vomiting, ;
village which leads to the Ruaha measles, ri
National Park. «| ipneumonia.
A new intake reservoir would - vi The dispensary runs a Mater-
be. -built_ on higher. ground : tal and Child Health .(MCH)
because there is a cattle-crossing ‘clinic but due to si ages’ of
just above the present reservor. “drugs and kerosene. for storing
-This is one of the reasons why = ‘uthe vaccines both the dispensary
the water is alvu;tajufeddy «+ --: and the: MCH clinics are hot
A. new -water tank. .with’ a Operating normally. The dispe
dclty to store 75,000 litres will “Sary loses: down foy,20 days.
be installed. to bring the total “At’ the ‘clini i
storage. capacity “10° 125,000° the ‘clinics,: mothers are

et tap water for domestic: use.
ut frequent breakdowns on the 43
ten-year-old water system force
the“ majority to depend ‘on
nearby rivers for water supplies:: i
Ibrahim Minde, the engineer
in-charge * of » ‘a+ proposed:
.Magubike’ Water. Scheme to °°
_ bénefit Magubike, Nzihi, Kipera:"?
and Nyamihuhu’ villages said <.
recently the first phase of the *
scheme would be to rehabilitate: -.
‘the old water system.:- { At
'' New Pipes to replace broken *
ones would be layed and one of '.;
the two intake tanks would be =
provided with a concrete: slab
“cover instead of using galvanised
iron sheets which are often sto: :
Jen, he said.
One of the major changes
‘would be to increase the number
of taps to lessen the distance,one

‘often’ advised -to feed . their

‘ . . under-fives . + properly »" arid
Development Serauenal ‘hseve “Ryne amare in
VO. ANID. ’A) will provide ft the: bringing up their children. They

re also’ advised to-. give oral
‘rehydration salts when their chil-
i, dren:.catch. diarrhoea and chil- -
+ dren are vaccinated against pol-
ion, measles, tuberculosis who-
‘oping’ cough, “diphtheria:and
small pox: 7. Bee

jMecessary ‘equipment: while the
people are going to.be mobilised
ytodo the rest of the work on self.
help basis.‘ ar)
"Two people from each of the
“four villages have been attached ‘

19274
cso: 3400/1979 8

|

JPRS«SsAnge
-070
8 July 1986

TANZANIA

. Immunisation against the six
_killer-diseases is very important
but not enough to a child who
has frequent bouts of diarrhoea.
", A woman at the village said
> Tecently that such hygenic mea-
“gures like’ using three pots or
boiling water to make it sate for
tinking are time consuming.
‘And. why should I do it when
ater is {for the-tap?’she
Another one‘said when
ght diarrhoea recently, a
“physician told her to buil her
drinking water. “I tried once but’

it. so: F stopped”,
ip vay tastelens £0°7 stopped»
«* Loss of body water through
diarrhoea is the biggest single
child. killer in Africa. In Tan-
_zania alone, at least 50,000 chil-
«dren die- each year because of
dehydration from diarrhoeal dis-
eases. .
¢ Under the essential drug prog-
‘ramme, satches of oral rehydra-,
tion salts can be obtained in’
MCH clinics and rural dispen-
saries as well. And mothers are
also taught how.to prepare the
salts at home; using salt and

ar. 5
“ihe most’ important ingre-
dient, however, is safe water to

: make the salts perform the work ,
. of helping the body to absorb
/ water. erefore, diarrhoea
‘could be controlled by drinking

“\ boiled watet.--.9,

_ ‘Although the concept of prim-
J ary health care is still new, health
-personnel need to got to the
peel le and educate them about
ealth problems in their area,
‘health’ promotion and. how, to
‘prevent. common diseases in
their area‘ using affordable

. techrtiques and tools, o.
Health education information
should therefore be considered
“by the health personnel as the

“right of the people.



JPRS“SSA*86-070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

SUGAR INDUSTRY ETHANOL PROJECT DISCUSSED
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 May 86 p 2

[ext] The goal posts for the sugar industry's ethanol project have been
shifted in the past 18 months, SA Sugar Association chairman C van der Pol

said yesterday.

He was commenting on the remarks of civil engineer Brian Preen; who has been
comnissioned by the association to undertake a feasibility study into ethanol
production.

Preen estimates that 26,000 jobs could be stabilised or created if an ethanol
project were to g0 ahead.

Van der Pol said that since the industry began a more serious look at ethanol
about 18 months ago, the world sugar price had risen from 2.5.U.S. cents to 8c
a pound, while the crude oil price had slumped from $25 to $14 a barrel.

An ethanol project would cost about R60m, and once the industry had undertaken
to provide ethanol for blending with petrol or diesel, it would be "locked in
forever."

The supply of ethanol could then have a highcr priority than sugar for the
domestic market, Van det Pol said.

A positive factor had emerged recently in governnent's decision to reduce the
lead content of petrol. However, ethanol was not the only ‘route for the oil ~
companies to maintain octane levels, which was now done by adding cheap tetra-
ethyl lead.

Van der Pol described the change in the ethanol picture over the past year as
dramatic and, as a consequence, it would not be possible to forecast the num-
ber of jobs which would be created or stabilised if, and when, the decision was
taken to build an ethanol plant.

19274
cso: 3400/1988

94



JPRS«SSA~86~070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY CRITICIZED
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 May 86 p 6
[Article by David Furlonger]

[Text ] - ‘

i “its dan de Jager says the system “en?”)""" Saya’ De’ Jager: “It is ‘always
GOVERNMENT introduced “its’} ger says ys i r to waste other people's y'

latest regional industrial develop- | :courages | development , Where: it

t e April 1, 1982.°} shouldn't”. , €y, particularly taxpayers’, rather
Critics will i you od Fools : “Development should be concen-.: tae one’s own.” — -'
Day was the perfect birthday for a‘.| {trated in regions with good indus- ;:*;" Incentives have earned the ire of
scheme they consider an enormous; ‘trial potential. Incentives should ell-established manufacturers in
waste of money. Mure 4 enhance an area’s own capabilities existing industrial centres. They ©

and policies should concentrate on ‘laim new competitors have an un-
88, few, areas: as possible rattier ; |. fair advantage the marketplace, ;
f than spreading everywhere.” ’ where ‘incentives and rebates en-
Such a path may well be gimplt- : able them to produce and sell more
ied by the recent easing of influx cheaply.-than established com-
panies. 3

‘controls, allowing greater mobility : 3
and: access to regional .. devel P-. In an economy where consumer
ee >.<". confidence is low and government

ment centres.‘,. °:
. figures’ show little or .no real
growth in retail spending, they say
there is scant room for increased ”,
luction outside of export mar-
ets. And where government bene-
fits make ‘those: markets the. do-

Few will argue against the view -'
that government had to do some- |
thing to counter growing unem-

loyment and the over-concentra- .;
ion of industrial resources in two
or three centres — notabl;
PWV area, hag

However, critics argue that the
scheme, as it stands, is seriously
flawed and creates as many:n
problems as it solves old ones:

Problems there certainly: are.

In its eagerness to spread th
industrial word to as many parts

jency.and roductivit
"Potential: Industrial gta ar
offered a ‘range -of. incentives.an
{ febates encouraging them to get u
ese.

SA as ible,” government“"==""|_ * shop in.a decentralised arga: The main ed: number’ of
throught the Becentralisation } include transport ‘rebates; contri: + prod igvitably have «
Board — created nearly 50 ind 4 bution ‘to salaries and el a. dev : ‘on competi- ©
- trial development points. ¢« mcessic ‘without such'benefits. © *.;
The result, as government offi- The: industrial development in-
cials now concede, is that public centives ‘strategy, which covers’:

both “SA““and” the independent
© states, is split into two main cate- -
ment. Ly Bates wea gories — deconcentration points
It doesn’t matter how much juch concessions do little to en- y, and industrial development points:
Money goes into an area. If it’s .| {: courage good housekeeping by in- “Deconcentration points, situated
wrong, it's wrong. There-is now.| /*dustrialists, nor does the Decen- |: close ‘to existing metropolitan
) growing acceptance of the view:| ' tralisation Board’s preference for. |.’ areas, are intended to channel in-
hat piecemeal development be | ‘ labour-intensive industries encour: , dustrial growth away from these
‘ Scrapped in favour of full-scale de-:,, ° age high Productivity. « ° areas. There are only a handful of
velopment of a handful of centres "| ‘ ’. An employer who has up to 95% || these Points. :
with the infrastructure 1 of his wages paid for him has little Industrial development points,
to sustain industrial growth. ‘ i Ancentive to watch his other costs, |" of which there are nearly 50, are :
Federated Chamber of Indus-"! : particularly when they too are | intended to create a spread of re- °
‘tries (FCI) information director * heavily subsidised. °° =": pe gional development and employ-
. » Ment throughout the country. 2

money has been pumped into areas «|
unsuited for industrial develop-

99



BID FOR FARM WORKERS' UNIONS GATHERS FORCE

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 18 May 86 p 7

[Article by Andrew Beattie]

[Text ]

THOUSANDS of workers in South Africa’s
last bastion of conservatism.— the farm-
lands — have been quietly recruited into.
trade unions outside the official collective:
bargaining framework.

And the 650 000-member Congress of South,
African Trade Unions (Cosatu) is to launch a
new union in the near future for farm workers,
whom it calls “the most exploited workers i
the country”.

The disclosures come as the Federated Chamber?
of Industries (FCI), in a related move, is asking the;
Government to allow these unions to be recognised:

The FCI also said farmworker unionisation; was }
“inevitable” and that “it is common cause; that j

substantial sections’ of’
the farming sector are,
heavily criticised for.;
poor conditions of em-.!
ployment”. :

Traditionally ‘conser-*
vative farmers, repre-!
sented by the South |
African Agricultural °
Union (SAAU), are like-
ly to resist the new de-
velopments. The SAAU
has steadfastly lobbied
Government to prevent
the unionisation of farm
workers, 4

Cosatu general secre-
tary Jay Naidoo. told:
The Sunday Star’ that !
the union would “fight
-tooth and nail” to eradi- +
cate widespread use of“
child labour on farms’.
and expose “feudal con- 1
ditions and slave la
bour”.

“\. He said that the denial
of agricultural workers’
right; to." form legally- 5
protected trade. unions’ +
was “untenable and’ il”
Jogical”. ”.

Nevertheless, Naidoo :
said, “thousands” " had‘ i
already ‘joined ° unions
: affiliated, to Cosatu and!
independent

4

Att
‘workers have:
@ No. legal protection
from : victimisation. for’
trade*-union -activities*
and cannot form regi
‘ tered trade unions.

@ No‘access to the,
dustrial: Court...or- 7
dress - for’ “unfair, labour’
‘practices.’

@ No ‘legal agreements
on working conditions.

+

62

JPRS*SSA~86~070

8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

‘@No minimum “wages
‘or laid-down conditions ’
of service.
@ No unemployment in-
surance benefits.
@No: minimum safety »,
regulations — governing
working conditions.
Cosatu has also
[  manded “that ‘the Gov-

ernment. make public
and implement — last
: year’s report by the Na-
|: tional Manpower ‘Com-+
mission (NMC) on farm”
and domestic workers.
Corporate and union’
sources tegard it as an
“open secret” that the
NMC. : recommended
that these workers. ,be
' accorded ‘the right,\to,
form trade unions. Ttiey*
' say that. the Govetn-'
iment’ fears it would
alienate - right-wingers
‘in ‘farming « constituen-
cies by releasing the re
ort.

In a paper stating the ‘
FCI's position on indus-
trial relations in the
| agricultural sector, the
corporate employer or-
ganisation recommends
that three fundamental
laws affecting workers
be extended to include
+ all farm workers. These
; are the Labour Rela-
: tions Act providing col-
lective bargaining ma-
chinery, the Basic Con-


AFTER THE RAID:-~ ~:~ 5 “ “:
a a ee ae mo,
WEIGHING THE OPTIONS: <2) 8 Bara ‘ Mo
sen] | DEBT STANDSTILL, pene
oman cone Taw — ah te
t*" MORATORIUM * oo RESCHEDULING NORMALISATION |! 7 NORMALISATION:
SCENARIO : = *
te W ood Gradua! repayment of cur: coe
ion +] see Beereuntrs sate |] Svertrom 1907, :
Tetertwa te anay gene 1°) Hear low debt tee teat, |] eth tte atom
Ss ftral epee nt 15d) arama nate pen,
m oSiton ince. iherare tat ae tne average
as os
——
e t
PROBABLE nce get BI wows | af,
IMPLICATIONS] _| eAetmantt Sout at : op 4
See LF tar = I ene
clipart sad exports cot
lepse boa
- | mvmiezate DBI creases
ECONOMIC ° |.,
: Macete gorarie tare | | MratStcbange eter | | ture Stchange rte tat
POLICY| |emsnninny || Seca || | | ee
| is Aan upiuen aprox, eel fe | caer obF rire | “| rom 3588 onwards
esriareo soe Tp eens : sears: if
LANAI Pa conaiominvn 3a | [7 Toa tena pat 03H
TAP tar enum ae | ee ern
Fro bist SeENARIO Basico rina 94009, ant cbr lot 18000
ge Paes eran
oe ee: en a
er annum Eo viadr ed year sce % . ‘ 4
= nn pen surcenencasane |

. more difficult to Foll oans outside Hs ‘| UTES sot Famer ree
e standstill net. The long-term © hes, aed TEND Beg , the short-term ef-
health of the SA economy is depen-. §:"", lif one takes a pessimistic view, 4 fern thera could be helpful in
dent on the amounts of foreign. “our ability to roll these could be i fature negotiations. Consumer. and

. debt that can be rolled over.:: :- eroded by the raids and there could entrepreneurial - confidence will
This could mean that the Re- ,be a large outflow of capital this take yet another knock." ;
serve Bank’s initial estimate of a ;.year, though not as much as-last >: Both consumer: spending and
total of capital outflow of R5bn for, year,” says one official..": “4. ‘fixed investment spending could
: the year — more than R3bn has| _ Stals, however, is more optimis- _ i. pe further reduced.’ And this will
left so far — may have to.be re- tic. “The amount outside net ='reinforce the downward trend of
vised upwards. °~ "- °°”: !! has already been substantially re- | “imports, which will benefit the bal-

. _ Repayments outside the net due : duced,” he says. se ceria? SL anee ‘of payments. :
to be rolled include trade credit There is also the possibility that’: “Concludes one foreign banker:

’ export guarantee credits and bond _«.. dividend payments by local subsid-": ' “Our business is to invest in stable
issues by public corporations.:: |: = iarles of foreign companies could situations — we do not run the
. ° {be stepped up. There is already a’. country. What we are looking for is

tendency for.these companies to normal-
run down dividend cover quite le- eye to some sort of al

19274
cso: 3400/1913

68



JPRS*SSA*86*0/0

8 July 1986

TANZANIA

BRIEFS

ZANZIBAR LAUNCHES FIRST CO~OP--Zanzibar has registered its first regional
cooperative union, two months after a law to strengthen the structure of
cooperatives here was passed by the House of Representatives. The acting
general manager for the union, Ndugu Khamis Rashid Mohamed, said the new
body is made of 32 primary societies, with interests ranging from fishing
and agriculture to retail trade. Ndugu Mohamed will serve the Zanzibar
Urban West Region. He said the main objective of the union will be to
supply fishermen, and traders with basic goods at reasonable prices. It
will also undertake wholesale trade in spirits, wines, beans and cereal
from the mainland and supply the mainland and neighbouring countries with
aluminium wire and sea shells. Ndugu Mohamed, who is also the Washirika
Regional Secretary, said the cooperative would also fight racketeers who
sold basic foodstuffs from mainland at exorbitant prices. He said plans
were underway for the union to get a 20m/- loan from one of the local
banks. This would serve as initial capital, but he could not name the
bank. The acting general manager explained that the union would not in-
volve itself in the purchase of crops as this was the responsibility of the
crop authorities. This is the first cooperative union to operate on the isles
since the introduction of Washirika here. It is understood that the remaining
four administrative regions were registering their own cooperatives, but it
was not known when they would begin operating. [Text] [By Mohamed Yusuf]
[Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 28 May 86 p 5] /9274

cso: 3400/1979

13



19274
cso:

3400/1989

“clusters” would be linked by,”
feeder roads and their size and “
density would be carefully go-
verned.

No resident would live more
than five or six kilometres

. from open farming country
and in the main city area’ a
green “heart” would incorpo- «
rate a.chain of man-made
lakes on the Tugela. There ,
would be spectacular views of
the Drakensberg from high
ground on places like the his-.*
toric Spioenkop. .

Other cities would rise in
the Tugela complex as the ¢
flush of industry spread to
Newcastle, Dundee, Mooi
River and Mandini. -~

The planners of the 1960s,
persuaded the Government to
accept the value of the project
and various industrial devel-
opments were advanced as
“starters”, + '

Much of what was then only
a fond hope of the Natal vi-
sionaries has since come
about. One such project was a
: third Iscor, another the build-
ing of the Spioenkop Dam.-

; There were also faint hopes’
that Richards Bay could be
developed as a harbour,.
though that seemed a bit am- .
bitious to sell to‘the Govern-
ment at the time.

Ironically, one project ‘he
planners viewed as a certainty «
was a nuclear power station -
near the mouth of the river,’
but there was impatience that .,
building would not begin until”
1970! ‘ my

Now with the advantage of
hindsight, one can possibly say
that the dream is being ful-
filled. The development is

‘happening, althqugh rather;

, more slowly. than Mr Thor-*
rington-Smith expected. **

And given the fact that the.
Government did. honour its
promises by providing the:

. starter developments, it might:

_ be acknowleged now that
some of the accusations made *
at that time by Natal peo-’
ple that Natal and KwaZulu :

- were being neglected because ;
they failed to support the Na-.
tional Party, were not entirely”

“fair. ‘

Nevertheless, the prejudices
remain. They surfaced
strongly again recently during
, the drought years of 1983 and
11984-when Minister’ of En-

jvironment Mr Sarel Hayward

;had to fend off indignant crit-

‘ics of the pumping system

‘which sent Tugela water over .
,the Drakensberg to the Sterk-’
‘fontein Dam and the Vaal.

complex.

In arguing that the water”
would otherwise have flowed
into the sea because Natal was
not using it, he rather missed
the point.

* What Natal resents is that

‘our water is being used to fos-

ter the continued growth of

the Vaal industrial complex

when there is now a very ur-

gent need to create jobs here.

That is why any attempt to

expand the pumping scheme:
‘will meet stiff resistance.

,Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi of.
KwaZulu has even spoken of

legal action to block any at

tempt. ! .

Natal’s need grows increas-'
ingly urgent each day, for ours::
is the fastest-growing popula-.
tion in South Africa.

Starvation, political unrest
and destruction of the environ-
ment are absolute certainties
here if the cycle of poverty,
unemployment, illiteracy and,

‘ high birth rate cannot be bro-
ke Mee . 3

en. we
That is why the new ini
tive is getting off the ground,
why a major selling campaign
is about to start; not to launch
the Tugela Basin development.
but to speed it up. oe
And this time, time is on’
' Natal’s side for ‘water short-
ages are now a’fact of life.,
History has at last caught up
+ with the!dreamers of the:
* 19508. * ”
«< It’ would be fitting if the”
final passing of Natal’s own
, provincial government, the’
last vestige of a once proud in-
: dependent regional parlia-
ment, might be marked by a
living monument as massive
as the Thorrington-Smith
-dream brought to life in the
Tugela Basin. - LEE

96



JTPRS~SSA~g6. 07
~070
8 July 1986

Transvaal Separatists Make Presence Felt

Johannesburg, THE STAR in English 2 Jun 86 p 13

{Article by Sue Leeman]

{Text ]

19274
csO:

A group calling itself the “Transvaalse Separa-
tiste” (Transvaal Separatists) made its presence
felt at the rally by handing out pamphlets calling
for resurrection of the old Transvaal Republic.

| The leaflets also exhorted Afrikaners to recog-
aisc the Transvaal, the Orange Free State and
Vryheid as “the promised land”.

- In many of its aims, the movement does not
fiffer substantially from the Afrikaner Weer-
itandsbeweging, with its concept of » “Boerevolk-
{taat” or the Oranjewerkers Unie.

; However, the movement makes particularly
strong demands for a separate Transvaal Repub-
lic and calls on conservative Transvaal “Boere”

3400/1934

18

to elect the independent candidates to seats which

can then be incorporated into the new republic.
The Transvaal “Boere”, the organisation main-

tains, could once more rule themselves from the

‘old Raadzaal in Church Square.

‘The organisation takes a hard Jine against:
® "Party political propaganda”, which it sees as 4
“monster” and a heritage from the British impe-
rialist system.
@ The term “Afrikaner”, because this was forced
on the nation by party politicians.
@ The South African flag, choosing instead the
Vierkleur ~~ old flag of the Transvaal Republic --
banner. . .

as i



19274
cso:

3400/1931

‘the health of a societ; is
. . ie : “Y
|" In some -areas one in
, four children die of imal’:
* nutrition. .°. + :
“Added .to this are!
apartheid, society rel.
pression, racism, resett-}
" Jement and exploita-:
* thon,” he said. “*; :
“The negative impact!
+: of oppression and exploi- ;
‘tation had-led ‘to a feel-{
vine among blacks. oft
» ‘wretchedness on Earth’
;«— depression, passivity ;
}.and powerlessness.”:
, 2 The present climate of:
/~:Inilitant strength and the |
,Proclamation of people's :
‘power.in township life:
+ will change this, fey
\ added.
“Nevertheless, there i is;
. Still a daily degradation!
; that many blacks suffer:
‘,.which must cause stress, !
: frustration, a sense of in-«:
}, feriority and anger — all
j of which are an anathe-
; ma to psychological
+ swell-being.:.;:°": j
+2 “For’ the: dominant!
! (white) group, political;
‘ power.has produced. ay
"sense ‘of omnipotence, ;

ty ‘ i
2 “The growing threat of :
revolution and the possi- :
bility ‘of losing. privilege;
‘will probably lead whites
to suffer injury to their:

narcissistic illusion.” | -

He ‘said’ unnatural so-:

- ‘cial conditions in ‘South
Africa led to its people;
scoring higher anxiety!

and psychopathology in-: t

dices than Americans:
‘/ and British. These were: ;
@ The emotional conse-
quesnces of resettlement ;
— which is still Govern-:
+ ment policy despite deni-.
“als = must be dévastat-
ing, and leads its victims ,
to feel a great.sense of: *

47

* ¥ of aleohol abuse.

‘powerlessnes: andt, insé- 3
curity. 1

“@ Poor sport: facilities.
Hor black children. It is

estimated that the Gov-
ernment, spends 240
\es-rhore on sports: fa-
cilities for:each white,
* schoolchild than it does’

: on black schoolchildren.

@ Coloured youth em-:
: ployed on Westen Cape’
;, Wine farms are. still paid
“in part in wine rather;
than appropraite wages,
\ giving rise to a high Fate,

, @Pellagra — a deficien-.
* ey disease characterised
- by a cracking 'of the skin:
— claims about 100000
, victims a-year, of which :
26 000 become psychotic.

} @ Malnutrition has’ seri--
4,0us psychological, intel-

‘lectual and behavioural
effcts. “ey

@ The ratio of beds for

i black mental patients in
‘ both private and State

mental hospitals is a
* third of that. for. whites.

if only. State’mental in-

* stitutions are considered,

“the ratio is a sixth for

blacks. ..: : ge

i Inthe domain « of foster;
» care, R120/a month is

provided for a white!
child, R85 a month for a:
coloured ‘and ‘Indian;
child, and..R48 for a;

‘Mr Vogelman said the!
conference: was more
than “an act of protest,
more than an acknowl-
edgement that apartheid

and ill health were insep--
‘arable:— it was the be--
«. Binning of trying to dis-.

cover what an appropri- |

- ate social service was, !



JPRS«SSA*86*070
8 July 1986

the current quarter, abetted by a state spending increase. However, it

will be difficult to achieve the official projected growth rate of 3% for
1986," it said. Promise of a recovery in the economy, which seemed on the
cards late in 1985, seemed to have dissipated. The current account of the
balance of payments had deteriorated drastically, unemployment was rising
fast, credit demand was stagnating and retail sales--particularly car sales--
had turned down. Exports were performing badly, as in the first three months
of the year, merchandise exports were up only 13% on the same period in

1985, without a better export-performance pressure on SA. Consumer spending
had failed to respond to lower interest rates. This signified that, faced
with declining real incomes and job uncertainty, consumers were not prepared
to up their spending or debt commitments. [Text] [By Gerald Reilly]
[Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 29 May 86 p 2] ./9273

ANTRACITE COLLIERY OPENED-~Gencor's new R86m anthracite colliery in Zululand
has opened officially. The coal producer will supply 875,000 tons/year

for both the domestic and overseas markets such as the United Kingdom,
Kurope and the Far East. During its expected 22-year life, the colliery
will recover a high quality low sulphur anthracite to augment last year's
total export of 3.8-million tons of this sought-after commodity. In 1985,
the total value of all anthracite sales in South Africa amounted to R315m,
or 6% of the value of all coal sales. To provide facilities for the mine,
15km of road had to be constructed and 45km of Escom power lines and 50km
of telephone lines erected. [Text] [By Roy Bennetts] [Johannesburg BUSINESS
DAY in English 29 May 86 p 9] /9274

FREE TRAINING OFFER TO JOBLESS--An offer of free training to unemployed con-
struction workers in the Eastern Cape has been made by the Portland Cement
Institute's (PCI) School of Concrete Technology. PCI regional director Chris
Thompson said: "A limited number of seats are available on the basic concrete
technology course in Port Elizabeth from June 16 to June 20." Applicants
should hold a matriculation certificate or N3 Technician's Diploma and will be
required to furnish proof of unemployment. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY
in English 29 May 86 p 9] /9274

BLEAK CONSUMER TREND--The outlook for growth in consumption expenditure this
year is bleak, although it should be better than it was last year, says the
Stellenbosch University's Bureau for Economic Research (BER) in its latest
Trade and Commerce review. Growth in real consumption expenditure is expected
to decline in all categories except non-durables. This assumption appears to
be based on polls of consumer confidence and their attitude to buying. The
BER consumer confidence index nudged positively for the first time in seven
quarters when it reached 102 in the second quarter of this year. The index
on buying mood shows that although still relatively negative at 78 for the
second quarter of 1986, it showed a mild advance on the 73 for the comparable
quarter of last year. Even though most of the respondents to the survey believe
that the economy and their own financial positions will improve in the next 12
months, "the consumer seems reluctant to put his money where his mouth is,"
reports the BER. The survey reveals that wholesalers experienced an increase
in the sale of consumer ‘goods in the first quarter of this year and that they
expect this mood to follow through. They have increased orders to their

92



JPRS~SSA~86-070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

CORRESPONDENT NOTES TERREBLANCHE'S 'FASCIST' TRAPPINGS

Cape Town WEEKEND ARGUS in English 31 May 86 p 14

{Article by Andrew Beattie]

[Text ] .
UGENE Terre’Blanche and his |
Stormvalke are cutting through
their indignant opposition like a red
hot poker through. utter... *

During the past month, the rampant Af-
rikaner-Weerstandsbeweging (AWB) has
successfully disrupted public meetings
held by five cabinet ministers in.the

Transvaal and Orange Free State. :

Afrikaners, disillusioned with the Gov-
ernment’s reforms, and magnetised by
the charismatic Terre’Blanche, are ‘re-
portedly signing up with the movement ini”
droves. The AWB has claimed that if: a:
general election were held tomorrow con-
servatives in the right-wing camp would
defeat the’National Party — a view
shared by academics researching th
field. ee
- Inevitably, the ultra-right leader’s
apocalyptic speeches and the symbolism,
salutations and insignia adopted by his:
para-military fpllowers, have evoked
comparisons with the brand of: fascism
that was exterminated in Europe over 40
years ago. Pie Ph bea

Most historians have said Hitlerian fas-

_¢ism could never happen again. .

One such historian was Dr Otto Ernst

Schuddekopf, an intelligence officer under
. the Third Reich who later joined the anti-

fascist resistance.

He wrote: “The appearance of a charis+
matic leader as the saviour ‘of the de-
pair masses is an essential feature of
these fascist movements that achieved
any political significance.” The Fihrer-

rinzip, or authoritarian single-handed
leadership by the most able person, was
central to this ideology. ae

30

IHE “driving forces” of fascism, wrote ,
Schuddekopf, were nationalism, mili-
tarism, extreme racialism and the use of *
terrorism as a Principle in internal and
foreign affairs. concept of “war” was"
a “true element” of fascism, and it was
used chiefly or ostensibly against the per-
ceived threat of communism. au
It was prone to arise as an instrument :
of oppression where other less harsh”
forms of oppression had failed and where ‘
“liberalism” could be blamed for a degen- *
erating political situation. ~ Pos
“Fascism,” he said, “was a desire to go
back in time — to escape from the drab —
: Pigeent to a far-off world of antiquity.” +
tilising deep-set feelings. of nationalism,
the fascists mythologised their histo
manufacture 5 new ‘Mdealism in the ab
- oratory. les. The use of symbols,
“Tike the swastika, ‘and occult-like rituals,
3 was uncannily important in achieving this
en “men ae
The use, or rather abuse, of Christianity
in furthering ideological goals was some-
thing Hitler did not ignore. Before he.
openly declared himself an atheist, Hitler |
_ proclaimed the benefits of “positive Chris-
tianity”: In this,‘wrote Schuddekopf, Hit-!
; ler meant-the church: should be subordi-.
nate to the Nazi state: “Jesus could not
have been a Jew but: was elevated into an
Aryan, demigod”. in the religion of Na-"
zism.: Siok wee ney eg sk
Terre’Blanche has rejected any com-,
‘parison of himself. with Hitler. Rather
“than professing atheism, he invokes The
Day of the Vow. as the day. the Afrikaner ;
nation made a covenant. with God. He
hailed his movemient’s disruption of Min-'
ister Pik Botha’s meeting in Pietersburg
as a sign that. the vow made between the
Afrikaner nation and God after the Battle
of Blood River still stood.

LL’ year ‘when Domine Nico Smith
called for the abolition of Day of the



HIGHLIGHTS OF SADCC REPORT ON TAZAMA PIPELINE

JPRS*SSA~86~0/0

8 July 1986

ZAMBIA

Luanda SADCC ENERGY in English Vol ‘IV, No 11, 1986 p 21

{Article by Achille Lollo]

(Text ]

Among the projects of regional impact
formulated by the SADCC Energy Sector
in the last two years, one has been espe-
cially in the limelight: it involves revitali-
zing the TAZAMA pipeline linking the
Tanzanian port of Dar-es-Salaam to the
Zambian Indeni refinery. This project
(1.7.1), which was presented by the
SADCC Energy Sector to its international
cooperating partners during the Lusaka
Conference in January, 1984, is comple-
mentary to project 1.0.1., more commonly
known as the “Study on Regional Self-
sufficiency in the Supply of Oil
Products”.

The major objective that SADCC seeks
to reach by revitalizing the TAZAMA
Pipeline is to enable Zambia to receive
crude feedstocks in order to produce refi-
ned petroleum products directly in its In-
deni refinery, which is still underutilized.

Though the pipeline is old, the project
brings to light the profitability of rehabili-
tation, given the economic advantages it
would provide for Zambia — first of all in
saving foreign exchange currently spent on
importing refined petroleum products.

Technological revamping of the pipeline
appears today to be an extremely impor-
tant need, not only for Zambia, but also
for the SADCC region. The TAZAMA
and Beira pipelines are the only means of
transporting crude oil that exist in the re-

14

gion, and through them some landlocked
SADCC countries could get their crude
without having it go through South Afri-
ca,

From an economic standpoint, this pro-
ject also envisages indirect advantages for
the Dar-es-Salaam port. Following rehabi-
litation of the TAZAMA pipeline and pro-
jects that SADCC has planned to upgrade
the infrastructure, Dar-es-Salaam will be-
come an important vector for oil impor-
ting activities.

In August, 1985, the World Bank edited
a report on the rehabilitation of the TA-
ZAMA pipeline. Credit amounting to
USD 3 million was granted for implemen-
tation, as the project is considered crucial
for the success of the steps taken by the
Zambia government to solve the country’s
most critical economic and financial pro-
blems.

Zambia and the SADCC Energy Sector
promoted negotiations on several occa-
sions to seek funding for this project, and
finally, at the Harare Conference in Ja-
nuary, 1986, the World Bank and the
UNDP stated they were interested in fi-
nancing.

THE TAZAMA’S PROBLEMS

TAZAMA is currently faced with two
main problems, namely the pipeline itself
and the telecommunications system.

For the physical pipeline the main pro-
blem is the numerous leaks that have so



UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE FUND |.

dae

~~" INDUSTRIAL COURT CASES °

58



GERMAN ASSISTANCE AGREEMENT, ALLOCATION TO ECONOMY DESCRIBED

Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English 29 May 86 pp 1, 3

{Text}

MALAWI appreciates the consistent financial
and technical support the Government of the
Federal Republic of Germany gives to this
country to finance various development pro-
grammes in all sectors of the economy. since
Independence, the Minister of Finance, Mr.

Chimwemwe Hara,
longwe yesterday.

The Government of the
Republic of Malawi and.
the Federal Republic of
Germany signed an agree-
ment under which Ger-
many would provide
funds, on a grant basis,
amounting to K16.2 mil-
lion, to support Malawi’s
third structural adjust-
ment programme.

The ‘Minister of Fi-
nance, Mr. Chimwemwe
Hara, signed the agree-
ment on behalf of the
Malawi Government,
while the German:.Am-
bassador to Malawi, Dr.
Theodora ‘van Rossum,
signed on behalf of her
Government at the Trea-
sury Offices in the Capi-
tal City.

Under the agreement,
the Federal Republic of
Germany would provide
balance of payments sup-
port in connection with
the importation of goods
into the country. The
local currency counterpart
of the funds would,

acknowledged in Li-

among other things, be
used to finance ‘develop-
ment projects.

Speaking after the sign-
ing ceremony, Mr. Chim-
wemwe Hara thanked the
Government of the Fed-
eral Republic of Germany
for the continued assist-
ance to Malawi, adding
that for the past two dec-
ades, the German Gov-
ernment had provided fi-
nancial and __ technical
cooperation to this coun-
try worth almost K400
million. .

He noted that the funds
had financed develop-
ment projects in all the
main sectors of the coun-
try’s economy.

In the agricultural sec-
tor, the Central Region
Lakeshore Development
Project, Kawinga Rural
Development Project, Li-
wonde Agricultural De-
velopment Project, and
the Malawi/German Live-
stock Development Pro-
ject had benefited from
these funds,

TPRS«SSA~86~0/0
8 July 1986

MALAWI



JPRS*SSA~86~0/0
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NEW FACILITY OPENED AT OPTIMUM COLLIERIES

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Jun 86 p 24

[Text ]

OPTIMUM ~ Collieries’

multi-product _ facility, .
which will enable the .

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cso:

3400/1925

90



GOVERNMENT'S COLOR CLASSIFICATION CRITI€IZED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Jun 86 p 15

{Article by Bruce Cameron]

[Text ]

CAPE TOWN — Every now =
‘atid then the National Party is . :

‘eft with its slip showing. .
i’ And no matter how hard it
attempts to pull down the skirt
‘Of carefully divided colours,
hie slip that defies colour dis-
‘eription keeps peeping out —
much to its embarrassment.
‘For 38 years the National
‘Party has been telling the
“short that by separating the’
Various colours it governs it is ”
protecting their individual cul-. ’
tures and traditions.

There have been two bad dis-.°.'.

splays (for the National Party. {

at is) of that slip recently. .-:
 -The first is the story of the:
seyeation of the “ethnic” state of | |
‘Kwalldebele for the. Nashele at

iReop

feett can’t find enough Nde-' ;
les to make up the citizenery *:;
of an independent state. t
So, willy nilly, not only have
south as well as north Ndebeles
been given their very own‘!
homeland but to swell their
, numbers their fellow “ethnic”
citizens will be Xhosas, Swazis, *
Shangaans, Sothos (both North !
and South by Government defi-*:
nition), Zulus, Tswanas and
even some Vendas. ,

19274
csO: 3400/1928

the ‘problem is the Govern- 4

“. NO CHOICE

“- By the’ stroke of a pen in ,
‘Pretoria they will all become.*i
citizens of a fledgling | state of
+Ndebele people.
ia°: And they won't even be given *
‘a choice whether they want to *
laim their: “ethnic right to in-
+, dependence”. - aH
That slip: is also making ae
‘mockery of the complex “own
+ affairs” tricameral system of :*
Parliament.
“The " Government ‘created ‘t
‘a three houses, each with its own ~.
department of cultural affairs ;
and claiming ‘that each: had:
‘cultural base.
:*.. There is the white house with
4 people of English, Afrikaans, ©
jewish, German, Scots and..,
even Lithuanian descent fallin,
under “white culture”, :?

and English-speaking niembers
of all types of descent with var-* #
‘:dous religious affiliations nme
st:Muslim + to’ Christian +‘ falling:
t under-“coloured culture”. i
S.° There’ are . the - Muslims, =
‘Hindus, Tamils and others” Who
are the “Asian culture”, ‘~“-'*
Quite what the definition bt %
© of these three separate cultures
;' the Government has yet to in-
» form the country. vA an

35

JPRS~SSA~86~0/0
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

Recently in Parliament Mr

+ Roger Burrows, Progressive

Federal Party MP for Pine-
i town, attempted without suc-
cess to determine what “white
> culture” was. He beliéved there *
;.,was no such thing.
,. There was, he accepted, an
3. Afrikaans culture, a Zulu cul-
} ture, a Hindu culture, a Jewish ¥i
‘culture and even an English

culture.

* He urged the Government to

4 move away from the racial‘

(si basis of education to a proper
gultural basis...

HARM

The Government had divided

i education ' not "on. cultural *

grounds, as it claimed, but on
racial grounds. .

Mr Burrows warned that the

¥, retention of racial own affairs

would in fact harm cultures

~ such as the Afrikaner culture
:as they would be mixed with
others.

:* Minister of Education and
* Culture Mr Piet Clase did not.,
- ‘reply to the issue in the denate
. and when approached later did
* not attempt to justify of-define’
~* white culture.’ He Simply, had
“no comment”.



TPRS«SsAg6 0
~070
8 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

RICHARDS BAY DIFFICULTIES IN AVTRACTING INDUSTRIES VIEWED
Johannesburg FINANCIAL MAIL in English 23 May 86 p 64

[Text] As SA's newest harbour, Richards Bay has proved to be what is arguably
the most successful and efficient bulk export facility of its kind in the
world.

Yet, despite its attractions as a port, the town has failed to attract any
significant industry--even in the fat times,

It has ambitious tourism plans (Property April 4), but time is running out
because the town must find jobs for a growing number of unemployed. The ranks
of the workless have been swollen by a growing number of Indians who will be
moved into the town in response to strong lobbying by the House of Delegates.

Already some 150 Indian families have been settled in newly built houses in the
town. They, fortunately, have found employment with paper manufacturer Mondi.
But a further 150 residential Plots for sale to Indians are planned, along with
188 economic and sub-economic houses which are already under construction.

At the same time, services are being provided for yet another 670 plots re~
served for the Indian community.

Local industry is being asked to supply the jobs. But. the estimated 300,000
Zulus in the Richards Bay area rightly reckon they should be given some consid-
eration as well.

At this stage the task seems to be beyond the town council, which is finding it
difficult to interest new industry on a large scale, despite the attractive
decentralisation incentives it can offer.

Theo Tolmay, director of Planning and development, says the council, helped by
Doug Marriot and Co of Durban, has contacted more than 2,500 industrialists
since the beginning of March in a campaign to bring more industry to Richards
Bay.

Even the campaign, he admits, has failed to attract much more than a passing
interest in the area.

97



TPRS“SSA*86-0/0

8 July 1986
SOUTH AFRICA
SHELL'S BLACK EDUCATION ROLE PRAISED
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 29 May 86 p 9
[Text ]
“NEW YORK — Shell Oil, target of a ~ & pupis ia private schoo a
black boycott campaign in the US, “>. zw’ Shell Oil, a subsidiary of Royal

has been praised by University of oe eck US visit in” Dutch/Shell, was made the target,
Cape Town (UCT) president Dr Stu- ~ {2 end of a six-veck US Visit I. ofa boycott by the National Associ.

art Saunders for its contribution to ation ‘for.’ the Advancement of
«black education in SA. “ -! "Jn the past five years, UCT had :* Coloured People ((NAAGP);; which

Shell and other US oil companies . graduated the first 70 black engin-’ accused it; of fuelling the ‘SA “mili-;

deserved high marks for providing ... eers, all through oil compan scl tary: or tye
scholarships, he said in an inter-.. arships. He singled out Shell Oil for ; . Students then made Shell a par-
view with the New York Times at.» a programme to place bright black... ticular target for disinvestment.

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38