SENEGAL

SOURCE OF FUNDS USED BY PIT QUESTIONED

Dakar L'UNITE AFRICAINE in French No 107 Oct 82 pl

Article by Abdou Salam Kane/

[Text/ The Senegalese communists, who claim to be authentic, and Mamadou

Dia met recently to combine their knowledge (?) and their funds against our
party. These people had, and still have, nothing in common but their hatred
of freedoms, and naturally the fruit of their union was a war machine directed
against these freedoms: “ANDE-SOPI." ‘This paper was intended to poison our
fellow citizens sense of stability and reality, to drown it in waves of
pitterness. It spent its funds to no purpose and as Mame Ongue recalled the
other day, had the life span of a meteorite.

"ANDE-SOPI" has disappeared from our horizon. It is not seen in newsstands
or on the street. No one, aside from its creators, knows what really has
happened to it. Is it already dead and buried? Is it in hibernation
awaiting better days? A mystery and a waste.

But, just when we find that "ANDE-SOPI" has definitely disappeared, a new
phenomenon appears in the firmament: "DAAN DOOLE," the central organ of
PIT-Senegal /Party for Independence and Labor/, in other words of the finally
legal party, of the very same communists who were formerly associated with

Mamadou Dia. If this is a coincidence, it is phenomenal and there's no
mistake about it.

In politics one must “be wary of coincidences. Rather, couldn't one say that
in the Dia-PIT union it was the PIT who had the money, the sinews of war?

As long as the sect had not been recognized, its leaders proved ready to

pay for their protection. They took Dia as their godfather or mascot and
agreed to finance the fantasies of a moody old man full of hatred. It could
be in this way that "ANDE-SOPI" survived and now is perhaps dead since
according tothe communists no caution, even symbolic, is required any

longer for the PIT's survival.

Isn't this a plausible explanation for the twofold turbulence in the sphere
of the opposition press? Whether true or just likely, we prefer this

explanation to the one which was circulating at one time and which mentioned
the dark manipulations of a type of left-handed or secondhand son-in-law as

55



cso:

Ra resolved that a

ce f Sbibtiniising * educa-
tier ee of seminars, ‘con-
ferences,,.ARG..WARAHOPS BE

orem” at the Louise Arthut”
Grimes School of Law to
cooperate with the National Bar
Association for the benefit of
judges and lawyers.

The resolution also-said that
the committee on judicial ap-
pointment,' known as the
Brownell Committee, ‘be reac-
tivated to continue to screen
prospective judges.

The. resolution called for the
setting up of a committee by the
National Bar Association 10
study the issue of Legal Aid with
a view of extending it ‘‘to per-
sons of indigent circumstances in
civil cases as provided by
statute.””

It also called for the revision
of the constitution and bylaws «!
the National Bar Associatic
with particular rererence to t!

3400/366

21

It ment

and adoption of.a special Tesolu-

tion expressing the ‘‘condolences
of the Third Judicial Conference
for the disaster” which occured
at No Way Camp, Grand Cape
Mount County.

“In an effort towards reliev-
ing docket congestions the New
Civil Procedure Law providing
for Pre-Trial Conferences
should be fully implemented,
and that the Rules of Court
relating to speedy trials be en-
forced,”” said the resolution.

The resolution said the con-
ference. endorsed the action of
the Supreme Court to set up a
‘committee to review and recom-
mend revision of Rules of Court.

It called for more budgetary

‘appropriation for the Judiciary

to provide essential facilities and
improvement for the “smooth’”
operations of courts and the
training of Personnel.



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SOUTH AFRICA

NEW DETAINEE GUIDELINES NOT ENOUGH
MB281004 Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 28 Nov 82 p 38
[Editorial: "Small Light in a Secret World"]

[Text] South Africans tend to be grateful for all mercies, no matter how
small, emanating from the Ministry of Law and Order. The sense of relief at
Mr Louis De Grange's new code for the humane treatment of detainees is there-
fore understandable.

That relief, however, owes less to the code itself than to the fact that the
minister has belatedly acknowledged--after possibly more than 50 deaths in
detention--that something needed to be done.

It is a refreshing change from a minister, who like his predecessor, has
appeared blithely unconcerned about the often dreadful fate of the unfortu-
nates who have disappeared into his charge.

Perhaps Mr Le Grange has at long, long last realised that callousness ill
befits his office, that both the fact of detention and the fate of those who
are subjected to it provides South Africa's enemies with some of their most
effective ammunition, and that the death of Neil Aggett, coupled with
persistent allegations of torture and intimidation, has fuelled a rising
tide of bi-partisan concern--and shame--within South Africa itself.

But the relief that the minister is finally ready to admit implicitly that
all is not well in his secret world and is willing to do something about it,
must be tempered by the fact that his remedy falls far short of the ideal.

Is there any sound reason, for example--beyond a desire by the police to
admit no outside inquiry into their treatment of detainees--why the minister's
code should not be enshrined in law rather than limited to administrative
directives? Even if South Africa's detention record was unblemished, the
police would not escape the suspicion that they were less than diligent in
investigating their own. Only a law whose application is monitored by an
independent body can free them of that doubt.

Finally, it is not time--now that Mr Le Grange has tacitly admitted that the
treatment of detainees leaves much to be desired--that he and the government

64



LAND DEAL FOSTERS HOSTILITY TO ANC

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 2 Dec 82 p 8

[Text]

MBABANE — In only
four months since
King Sobhuza’s death
in August, Swazi-
land’s relations with
the banned African
National Congress
(ANC) of South Africa
have deteriorated to
the point of polite tole-
-Fance. : _

And there ‘are signs
that the present lead-
ership intends dealing
increasingly harshly with
ANC guerillas who try
to use the kingdom as
their base for attacks on
South African targets.

Early last month, for
example, Swazi police
arrested an undisclosed
number of guerillas and
seized their weapons
during a raid at the Lo-
bamba village near the
royal kraal. Later in the
month the government
threatened stricter ac-
tion. It ordered that
guerillas charged with il-
(legally ,possessing arms
of war would in future
appear before the Swazi
High Court and not the
various magistrate’s

courts as in the past.

Now the government’

is examining stringent
legislation which will ul-
timately prevent ANC
fighters arming them-
selves in Swaziland for
attacks on selected
South African targets.

If passed, the legis-
lation could finally seal
off what had become a
major infiltration route
for ANC guerillas oper-
ating either from Swazi-
land or crossing it en
route from Mozambi-
que.

One of the conditions
of asylum is that refu-
gees live according to
the host country’s laws
— in other words: no
weapons.

Although the-an-
nouncement of the legis-
lation follows closely on
a recent resurgence of
guerilla activity in north-
ern Zululand and KaNg-
wane alongside the Swa-
ziland border, govern-
ment sources have
tened to deny any hint
of South African Gov-
ernment pressure on

75

‘Swaziland.

Independent observ-
ers are convinced, how-
ever, that a combination
of external South Afri-
can pressure and a pow-
erful conservative lobby
within the Swazi lead-
ership lies at the roots’of
the strained ANC Swazi
relationship.

The conservative
lobby, observers say,
has seen in the death of
the king a chance to
clamp down on the
ANC and revitalise its
relationship with South
Africa at great economic
advantage. -

While the late king
was committed to the
aims of the ANC, his 1o-
gistic support for the or-
ganisation was limited
by the constant threat
contained in the South
African Government’s
“hot pursuit” policy.
Now observers feel that
apart from the threat of
retaliatory military
strikes into Swaziland,
the now-postponed land
deal is a major force
“shaping Swazi-ANC re-

SOUTH AFRICA



cso:

ledgement of the existing diversities and a
willingness on both sides to seek integra-
tion with mutual respect, with the govern-
ment playing a promotional role. So far,
however. according to Anglophones, the
government's actions have really not been
designed to inspire feelings of mutual
acceptance or togetherness, especially
since Anglophones are frequently assigned
the least significant positions in the coun-
try’s power establishment.

‘The highly centralised unitary system of
government that was instituted in 1972 to
replace the federal structure that had
existed since 1961 has been a major dis-
appointment for the Anglophone sector of
Cameroon and a leading cause of its
decline in economic and political influence
relative to the federal period when the
Anglophone region had its own parliament
and government and when some national
functions were performed regionally in the
former Anglophone State capital of Buea.
The region is Worse off today than it was
during the federal period. Economic,
administrative and political programmes
and functions have been transferred to
Douala. Cameroon's economic capital,
and Yaounde, the political and administra-
tive capital. Once bustling cities such as
Tiko, Victoria (Limbe), Buea, Kumba and
Muyuka. have become virtual ghost towns
while such Francophone areas as Douala,
Yaoundé and the former President's home-
town of Garoua, are booming.

Some of the blame for the “plight of the
Anglophones” must be borne by the
Anglophones themselves. Like minorities
elsewhere, they are divided. almost fatally,
along sub-regional lines between north-
west and south-west. Furthermore, high-
ranking Anglophone officials have been
accused by other, less fortunate
Anglophones, of undisguised egotism,
opportunism and tribalism. In particular,
Messrs. S. T. Muna and Emmanuel T.
Egbe, who as President (Speaker) of the
National Assembly and Minister of State at
the Presidency in charge of relations with
the Assemblies, respectively are criticised
for not providing effective leadership for
their group within the national framework
but striving instead for personal gain.

Cameroon has, without a doubt, made
great strides towards bilingualism and uni-
ty, and although Anglophones are disgrun-
tled, they generally appear committed to
seeking solutions to their problems within
the framework of one Cameroonian Na-
tion, rather than through seccession which
some Anglophones see as a panacea.
Moreover. it is poinitéd out by others that it
is not only the Anglophones who have
legitimate complaints in Cameroon and
therefore the Anglophones should not
parochialise their discontent on the basis of
such non-African factors as English or
French colonial heritage.

3400/369

11

Proposals to reform Cameroon's politic-
al and administrative system in order to
make it more accountable and representa~
tive of the country’s diverse groups are
increasingly being heard, especially from
the Anglophones, many of whom argue for
a return to a federation as existed prior to
1972. Former President Ahidjo opposed
such a move as “backward” and it is
thought that his protegé and successor.
President Biya, will feel the same way.

Regarding Mr. Biya’s feelings towards
Anglophones and towards bilingualism, he
is said by some to view Anglophones with
benign neglect and to believe that for a
poor country like Cameroon, bilingualism
is an expensive experiment and efforts
should be made to hasten the total fran-
cophonisation of the country. His Prime
Minister, Mr. Bouba Bello Maigari, on the
other hand, is said to be ambivalent. While
he is seen as largely respectful of
Anglophones for their dedication and effi-
ciency at work, he is known also to be
somewhat impatient with what he some-
times considers as an excessive
Anglophone tendency to complain, criti-
cise or question official actions or policies.
Highly disciplined and hardworking, the
new Prime Minister is reported to demand
total loyalty. Although concern remairis
the watch-word within the Anglophone
sector since the first actions of the new
President, Mr. Biya, have not broken any
new, encouraging ground for them.

‘Anglophones, like other Cameroonians
generally, are thankful and relieved that
the nightmarish anxiety over presidential
succession in Cameroon appears to have
abated, at least for the moment. Neverthe-
less, cautious pessimism is increasingly
being noted in Anglophone assessments of
the future should the new administration
fail to institute major and early corrective
actions to rejuvenate the Anglophone sec-
tor and broaden the base of the national
political and economic system to encour-
age wider and more representative parti-
cipation. A government of genuine nation-
al unity and reconciliation, would go a long
way towards reducing the fears and con-
cerns of groups such as the Anglophones.

In general, Anglophone concerns are
less over personalities and more over
policies and programmes. When former
President Ahidjo’s term of office, expires
in 1985, the Cameroon National Union
(CNU) Party, whose Chairman is still Mr.
Ahidjo, will select a candidate for the
presidential elections that year. As of now
President Biya and Prime Minister Bouba
Bello Maigari, would appear to be the
leading candidates for consideration by the
party. The increasingly politicised
Anglophone community can be, expected
to eschew internal bickering and divisions
and work to defend its common interests
by supporting whoever will be seen as less*
of a threat.



SOUTH AFRICA

COURT REJECTS PLEA BY 'SAAN' JOURNALISTS
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Dec 82 p 4

[Article by Sandra Lieberum]

[text]

_ THE prosecution of
SA Associated News-
papers, the editors of
the Sunday Times and
Rand Daily Mail and a
senior journalist, for
reports on the Sey-
chelles coup trial has
been upheld and leave
to take the decision on
review in the Supreme
Court refused;

The trial will start on
March 1 in the Johannes-
burg Regional Court.

The prosecution of
SAAN, Mr Tertius My-
burgh, Mr Rex Gibson
and Mr Eugene Hugo,
will be in camera. The
State alleges that reports
on April 13, 19 and 25
were prejudicial to State
safety and evidence led
could relate to classified
matters. a

An application for Mrs
Beverley Hugo, wife of
Mr Eugene Hugo, to be
-present will be considered
by the presiding magis-
trate, Mr J van Dam on
March 1.

cso: 3400/362

The prosecution con-
cerns allegations of in-

volvement. in, the. Sey-
Babes of wie 54, Natio

hé "mercenaries, 34 of
whom are being released
today.

The charge brought
was the first under the
new Protection of Infor-
mation Act gazetted on
June 16 and which re-
placed the old Official Se-
crets Act.

Mr E Wentzel  rep-
resenting the accused, ob-
jected on Thursday, when
the trial was due to start,
to the wording of the
authorisation certificate
and the formulation of
the charges.

The three main charges
on the certificate were
rettospective under ‘the
Protection of Information
Act with the alternatives
under the repealed Offic-
ialSecretsAct. °

70

Mr Wentzel called for
the immediate discharge
of his clients on the
grounds that the author-
isation certificate was in-
valid.

He argued that people
could not be charged
retrospectively under a
law which was not in
exi
‘the TM

7TH, Bis rutin;

bit ad Dam Bere
"of the Transvaal Regional
Court Division, found
(that a __ retrospective
| charge could only apply if
| the new Act and the old
A ‘were similar.

' Piet
AGS

 Inemasly aspects, ar are
,

‘where the?

a
Tetrospectivity could’ not
be applied, a prosecution
could be brought under
the old Act



LIBERIA

PRC RESCINDS FREE GASOLINE TO MINISTRIES, TAKES AUSTERITY MEASURES
Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 16 Nov 82 pp 1, 6

[Text]

The [People's Redenption Council has ruled that
effective immediately, goverrmment officials will

no longer
their
This
Monday
in the
State
Council

decision was made
evening at a meeting
office of the Head of
and Chaimmah of the

Deputy and Assistant
Ministers, Directors, of auto
nomous agencies, as well as
other officials of govern—
ment.

The decision does
apply to security, medical

sters,

not
and defense operations as
well as utility purposes.

He said government will
also ensure’ that close
scrutiny. is made of gasoline
and other petroleum products
provided for utility pur-
poses.

28

x receive free gasoline allowance from
various Ministries or Aqencies.

.VEHICLES |

The Council also decided
that all those in possession
of government vehicles would
have to purchase same
through a payment plan to be
worked out between the Gene-
ral Services Agency and the

various Ministries and
‘agencies, as of January 1,
11983.

-All heads of these agen-
cies are therefore directed
; to furnish the GSA witha
jlist of vehicles and their
Lassignees. :



cso:

3400/370

and Buganda. To succeed he will have to abandon the
old style of politics that served him so well in the late
1960s. He is too arrogant, not least because there is a
widespread feeling in Uganda that it was he himself who
provided a springboard from which Amin was able to
climb to power and so devastate the country. He should
also recognise the fact that his northern power-base lacks
the resources needed to revive the economy, and that
hence he has to make every effort to conciliate with the
Baganda.

During the last two years Obote, in his capacity as
finance minister, has shown a surer touch and greater
realism on economic matters than on political strategy.
‘As a finance minister he is the most pragmatic Uganda
has had since independence. He listens to advice and has
never been a dogmatist or purist. In his first term of
“power from the early “60s to 1971, he veered from being
a free-marketeer to a lukewarm proponent of govern-
ment intervention in vital economic sectors. (Even his
moderately expressed views on the role of government
in the economies of Third World countries were no more
than a palliative to his political idol and mentor, Julius
Nyerere).

It was not surprising that when he returned to power,
faced with a shattered economy and a worthless
currency, he abandoned all pretences to socialist
financial and economic purism. On the advice of the
IMF and the World Bank and in return for badly needed
financial aid, he pushed through bold fiscal and
economic reforms in mid-1981. Prices of coffee were
raised more than five-fold, the tea price was quadrupled,
and tobacco prices greatly raised. The shilling was
floated, resulting in an almost immediate devaluation of
100%, which in turn brought down the price of many
imported basic necessities, such as sugar and salt.
Reforms were also introduced to enable Ugandan
importers to obtain foreign exchange more easily and
equitably. There has been a marked improvement in the
availability of these basic consumer goods, with the
caveat that prices are still too high for the ordinary
Ugandan. (A bottle of beer costs up to 350 shillings.
Many workers now earn 600 shilling a month).

These modest economic improvements are unlikely
to gather pace in the absence of some political concilia-
tion between north and south. Whether Obote is too
entrenched in the northern rut to make this possible, is
an open question ©

99



Final Results for Antananarivo Faritany

Tanarive MADAGASCAR-MATIN in French 16 Nov 82 p 3

[Table]

L6E* TSE

LTE €8°L9 €YO'THL OVY*Z60°T 619°8L 6IT*TLT‘T SOT*SSE‘T €26°% €L6°2 TVLOL

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69°8y 666°ST TE*TS €98°9T 798°ZE S66 ese‘ce = €86°9E ~— TIT. TIT - BuRTApueUTAvOS ‘ST
TO°6E BBB°ET GE'O9 TST‘IZ 690°SE 080°”  6YT‘6E 09s ‘ey 60T 60T OATACUTAPTH */T
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35



cso:

‘than his American coun-
terpart, and in other re-
spects less.

In the US, Congress as
a whole has the power to
déclare war, although the

execitive’s actions during
y. .makes

negotiations i
awar almost i te

Mf the- proposed ‘South
‘African Constitution, the
President will have the
power to declare war.

In the US the President
does not have the power
over the Budget which is
proposed for the. South
African President.

Unlike ‘the proposed
South African system, the
American President is
also not mentioned as a
component of the legis-
lature. This does not refer
to the fact that he may

“under neither of the two

systems be a member of
any chamber.
- The executive in the
US does not formally in-
itiate legislation, as pro-
vided for in the Presi-
dent’s Council’s propo-
sals.

As for the possibility of
‘conflict between‘ the pro-
“posed three chambers of

Parliament in South Afri-
ca, the President’s Coun-
cil’s report proposes that
the President may use his
discretion on whether to
tefer an issue to the Presi-

-dent’s Council for deci-

-sion or not.

If he decides not to, it
-will be his decision on
what the outcome will be.
In the US in case of a
similar deadlock between
the two Houses, there. is:

a)

3400/362

{A major difference be-
‘tween the US system and
that in South ‘Africa is to
be found in the degree of
party discipline and cen-
tralisation.

In an extra-Parliamen-
tary system, even in the
US, a constitutional se-
paration of powers will be
weakened if the same par-
ty simultaneously controls
the Presidency and the
majority in Congress.

To some extent this is
neutralised in the US be-
cause of a lack of strict
party discipline and the
decentralisation of politi-
cal parties.

In the proposed South
African system, where
parties are at present
highly disciplined and to
some extent also central-
ised, it is foreseen in the
President’s Council’s pro-
posals that Ministers: will
stay in touch with the Par-
liamentary process
through the caucuses of
the various political par-
ties and that they can
even hold leading .posit-
vions in such caucuses, as
is at present the case.

To some extent this will
| affect both the point that
| the President’s- Council
| makes about the need for
| Ministers to be free from
| involvement in the politi-
| cal strategies of political
{ parties, and the indepen-
‘dence. of ‘the legislature
rom the é: _

It is also implied that
the South African Presi-
dent will be the leader of
the majority parties “in
the various chambers of
Parliament”, in line with
the present convention
pertaining to the Prime
Minister.

The Government
guidelines and the Presi-

60

dent’s Council report also
bear certain resemblances
to the French system, for
instance the power of the
| French President to dis-
solve Parliament as often
;as.once a year and to take
drastic emergency mea-
igures.should there be a
Hthreat to the security of
the state..

Unlike the proposed
South African system, the
French President is, how-
ever,. popularly elected
and Parliament may
adopt a motion of no con-
fidence in the Cabinet
which, if successful, can
topple the Government.

As in France, the Presi-
dent’s Council proposals
prohibit a Minister from
“being a Member of Parlia-
ment. In France, how-
ever, the post of Prime
Minister is retained.

The system proposed
for South Africa is not
completely foreign. Cer-
tain elements of the pre-
‘sent proposals were pre-
sent in the old Boer Re-
| publics.
|” And although only time

will tell whether the sys-
tem’ will work in practice,
| Various problem areas
have already emerged.
| These includé the need
|for concurrent majorities
jin the three chambers of
| Parliament on matters of

common concern; the po-
|tential for conflict be-

tween Parliament and the

jexecutive; the possibility

jof conflict in the exe-

jeutive over matters of
‘common concern, as the
executive will be com-
posed of Ministers from
lvarious chambers of Par-
liament;, and uncertainty
over the future position of
urban Blacks.



J.F.K. Medical Center and
the national Drug Depot,
said the source.

As for facilities at the
J.F.K., our source indicated
that these are already being
upgraded. Operating theatres
are being airconditioned and
doctors’ lounges will be pro-
vided in each hospital.

The Government accepted
the doctors’ recommenda-
tion for a special allotment
for the training of more doc-
tors and specialization, to
meet the manpower needs of
the Medical Center, hospitals
and health institutions
throughout the country.

Finally, the J.F.K.
Medical Center has been
mandated to institute and
implement an insurance pro-

CSO: 3400/366

gramme for health and
medical workers. This might
involve a group insurance
policy as well as a policy con-
vering harzards ‘and
disabilities resulting from_
professional injuries and in-
fections, said our source.

“Very Supportive’

The Minister of Health
and Social Welfare, when
contacted by this newspaper
declined to comment on the
story in totos

She stated that the negotia-
tions between Government
and the doctors had been
successfully concluded and
the doctors had ended their
go slow.

_She said the Head of State,

31

CIC Samuel K. Doe, had
been “‘very supportive”? dur-
ing the negotiation process.

She also expressed ap-
preciation to the doctors for
their understanding and con-
sideration at a very difficult
period. ‘They made our
work easier by helping us to
find solutions to the pro-
blems”’, she added.

Mrs. Belleh said her com-
mittee would do its. best to
find a ‘‘permanent settle-
ment’? to the problem.

She stressed, however, that
given the severe economic
constraints which the
Government is experiencing
at this time, the Committee
would have to search for
recommendations that can be
implemented.



MEDUNSA CONFERS HONORARY DEGREE ON MOROKA

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 29 Nov 82 p 3

[Article by Sinnah]

[Text]

THE Medical Univer-
sity of South Africa’
(Medunsa) conferred
an honorary degree
on the former presi-
dent of the banned Af-
rican National Con-
gress, Dr James Sebe
Moroka (90), during
the university’s first
graduation ceremony
at the weekend.

Dr Moroka was hon-
oured in absentia due
to illness. He was one of
the very first black doc-
tors in South Africa.
After graduating in
1918, he made medical
history in South Africa
by his achievements

; against many odds. He

has also helped many
students through univer-
sity, including two
whites Who are now doc-
tors.

Thirty-four students
obtained bachelor de-
grees in. medicine and
Surgery. They were the

cso: 3400/394

first to graduate from
this university.

Among them were Dr
Thamsanxa S Bomvana
and Dr Lawrence B
Khosa, who both ob-
tained a distinction’ in

~ paediatrics. A Diep-
Kloof couple, Irene S N
Ntuli and Norbet V D
. Ntuli were also among
the medical graduates.

Dr Darkie J Sebopedi

‘ from Rustenburg be-
came the first black in
South Africa to receive
a Masters in family me-
dicine. Eight whites re-
ceived honours in

_ Bachelor of Medical Sci-
ence and Masters de-
grees in medicine, while
Prof Phillip Christopher
Snijman, chairman of
the Council of Medunsa,
got an honorary doctor-
ate in dental surgery.

Fifteen students re-
ceived diplomas in den-
tal therapy and six in
oral hygiene. There
were three diagnostic ra-

diography diplomas and
two dietetics diplomas.

Thirteen students re-
ceived diplomas in occu-
pational and physio-the-

; Tapy.
' _ Twenty-two received
; diplomas in nursing ad-
ministration and thir:
teen students received
i Nursing education diplo-
'mas. Among them was
, the wife “of a Pretoria”
Attorney, Mrs Kabo-
nina N Moseneke.

The Hon JH Steyn
presented the diplomas
and degrees, while Prof
F P Retief, rector of the
university, cast the vote
of thanks.

The three-month-old
Medunsa Choir, com-
prising students, clean-
ers and staff members, +
rendered music con-
ducted by Mr Richard
Maboea.

Meanwhile, Sapa re-
ports that according to
the Minister of Educa-
tion and Training, Me-

63

SOUTH AFRICA

dunsa could provide
health planning ‘service
for Third World condi-
tions in Southern Af-
Tica.

j__ Speaking at the offi
~“Gial opening of Medunsa

on Friday, Mr Steyn said
the university could
have decided to struc-
ture its training pro-
gramme purely along
academic lines, without
considering the health
needs of the sub-conti-
nent.

“Medunsa has ac-
cepted, however, that
besides training doctors,
veterinarians and den-
tists, it had to’ provide
health assistance in all
three faculties,” Mr
Steyn said.

.,, The teaching person-

, nel at Medunsa has in-

| creased from 30 to 145

* in the five years of its
existence. Students have
grown in number in the
same period, from 63 to
709.



SITUATION WITH NEW CABINET MEMBERS ANALYZED

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English No 23, 17 Nov 82 p 8

lArticle: "More Than Musical Chairs"]

[text]

CSO: 4300/368

The appointment of
Munongo Mwenda Mairi as interior minister and deputy prime
minister is the key to the latest cabinet reshuffle. Munongo
established a reputation as a ruthless interior minister for
Tshombe in the early 1960s. Since then he has appeared only
infrequently in public politics, despite his reputation as one of
the more formidable members of the Mouvement Populaire de la
Révolution central committee. Much of his time has been
devoted to his position as a landowner, businessman and leading
figure of the Shaba obligarchy, not least through his descent
from the Bayeke (Lunda sub-tribe) chieftainship.

He is therefore well-placed to perform at least two important
functions for President Mobutu: a) as an arch foe of the Baluba
people, who are most likely to form the nucleus of destabilising
discontent in Shaba, he can use his new position to clamp down
on Shaba whenever necessary. He will also be better placed to
preempt military collusion with Baluba and other coup/secess-
ionist plans, and b) he can take some steam out of Nguza Karl
I Bond’s progress in Brussels (AC Vol 23 No 22). When Nguza
(@ Lunda related to Tshombe) was prime minister, his southern
constituents complained that he did too little for Shaba. The
great majority of Lunda will now almost certainly look to
Munongo, not Nguza, for hope.

Kengo Wa Dongo, the new prime minister, is unlikely to
become significant. As ambassador to Belgium from the end of
1980, he presided over a steady decline in Belgian-Zairois rela-
tions. As a mulatto of apparently Belgian-Jewish descent, born
in the Libenge district of Equateur province, he is considered to
be of the same mould as Seti Yale, Mobutu’s loyal and unambit-
ious security chief. It is unlikely that he will be able to improve
relations with Belgium, Monongo in the early 1960s preferred
British and French merce: >ries to Belgian ones, and appears to
remain faithful to his prejudices.

The outcome of the recent national assembly elections has
meanwhile taken most observers by surprise. It appears that only
60 of the 310 MPs retained their seats, and that some of
Mobutu’s presumed nominees, including his wife’s brother and
his father-in-law, failed to be re-elected. While some of the new
MPs are old hands of Zairois politics, the extent of the National
Assembly’s face-lift is probably too great to have been totally
engineered by Mobutu’s clique. If potentially the Assembly is
now less impotent, it may also be less likely to produce, in the
short-term, successors to the 13 dissident MPs (AC Vol 23 No 22@

100

ZAIRE



MADAGASCAR

YOUTH MINISTER RETURNS FROM PRC, COOPERATION PLANNED
Tananarive MADAGASCAR-MATIN in French 4 Oct 82 pp 1, 2

[Text] Koussay Said Ali, the minister of youth, returned yesterday from a
Visit to the People's Republic of China. Welcomed upon his return by His
Excellency Ambassador Dai Ping and representatives of his ministry, he stated
that this trip was very satisfying because it was ascertained that the
Democratic Republic of Madagascar and the People's Republic of China have
identical views with regard to youth on the organizational and international
level. "Our two countries have the same past," he stressed, "because of this
it is very easy for us to understand one another and I was all the more
pleased by the honorary welcome of the Chinese youth leaders."

Furthermore, Minister Koussay Said Ali said that after his meeting with various
Chinese officials including the president of the Federation of Chinese Communist
Youth, the vice president of the National Assembly, and the president of the
Commission on Physical Culture, the Institute for Training Cadres in Peking,
etc., it was agreed =that the two countries will improve exchanges of

athletes and youth.

In this regard, the Peoples’ Republic of China is going to allow us to
benefit from its experience by sending two volleyball experts and two ping
pong experts to Madagascar. As for us, we are going to send cadres to China
to take courses at’.the Institute for Training Athletes in Peking. But, as
the sporting equipment manufacturing plant in Peking is known for the
workmanship of its products--products recognized by international
organizations and especially by the International Soccer Federation--Minister
Koussay Said Ali said yesterday that from now on we will order all our sports
equipment from China. In any case, the heads of this plant have already agreed
in principle to send two Chinese experts to Madagascar so that we can benefit
from their experience--another form of South-South cooperation in some ways as
it involves an exchange of technology between two underdeveloped countries.

As this first visit by a Malagasy youth minister to the People's Republic of
China was very beneficial, Minister Koussay Said Ali did not fail to thank the
National Federation of Chinese Communist Youth and the Chinese authorities
through the PRC's representative in the Democratic Republic of Madagascar,

His Excellency Mr Dai Ping.

9693
cso: 3419/133

41



RIO TINTO LAYOFFS--Harare--Rio Tinto Zimbabwe has warned 1 440 employees at
its Empress Nickel Mine and associated operations that the company will not
have funds to pay them after the end of December. The workers were told on
Tuesday that permission had been sought from the Ministry of Labour for them
to be declared redundant. The request is not expected to be considered by
the Cabinet until next week. In October, Rio Tinto accepted a Z$2,7-million
(R4-million) loan from the Government to cover Empress’ operations until the
end of the year. At the same time, a report was prepared for consideration
by government and the group on the prospects of keeping the mine alive. A
final decision on the report's findings has not yet been made. If Empress
Nickel is put on to a care and maintainance basis, the displaced employees
will receive redundancy notices depending on their length of service. While
the Government has offered loans to keep the mine going, Rio Tinto has been
reluctant to accept too much assistance because of the mine's limited life.--
Sapa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Dec 82 p 8]

TAIWANESE INVESTMENT--Taiwanese industrialists appear to be considering
investing in Lebowa, Mr Louis Ho, general manager of L and N Enterprises

Co Ltd in Taiwan, said in Pietersburg recently the prospects of. establishing
a factory in Lebowa looked extremely favourable. He was attending a dinner
with the Chief Minister of Lebowa, Dr Cedric Phatudi, members of his
Gabinet, the Commissioner-General for Lebowa, Mr Piet Pretorius and the
general manager of the Lebowa Development Corporation (LDC), Mr Johan Koster.
Mr Ho was one of a group of 10 Taiwanese industrialists specialising in
garment and shoe manufacturing who visited Lebowa. The new decentralisation
benefits recently introduced by the South African Government would play an
important role in their detiding whether or not to invest in Lebowa, he
said. He felt the trainable manpower of Lebowa, together with Taiwanese
expertise could make a sound business of skilful garment production. He
also mentioned the probability of introducing the system currently being
used in Taiwan where a factory worker can start as early as 5 am and

finish as late as 11.30 pm and be paid according to the number of finished
products for the day. The LDC is currently conducting further negotiations
with the Taiwanese industrialists. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in
English 1 Dec 82 p 13]

CENSUS FIGURES--Harare--The population of Zimbabwe on census day in mid-
August this year was 7 532 000, suggesting an apparent growth rate of

3 percent a year since the last census in 1969 when there were 5,1 million
people, But in the same period the population of the towns and cities
almost doubled from 861 000 in 1969 to 1 723 000, according to a spokesman
‘for the Ministry of Finance, Economic Planning and Development, His state-
ment said the preliminary results showed that 23 percent of Zimbabweans now
lived in towns or cities compared to 17 percent in 1969. Harare is the
largest urban centre with 656 000 inhabitants, followed by Bulawayo

(414 000), Chitungwiza (175 000), Gweru (79 000) and Mutare (70 000).
Breaking down the figures by province, the spokesman said Mashonaland East
had the most people, 1 491 000. The figures for the rest are: Manicaland
1 096 000, Midlands 1 092 000, Masvingo 1 034 000, Matabeleland North

880 000, Mashonaland West 859 000, Mashonaland Central 563 000 and
Matabeleland South 517 000. "It should be noted," said the spokesman,
"that a growth rate of 3 percent per annum has serious implications for
social and economic development.’ To keep the same standard of living,

83



cso:

The parallels seen in the
development of English and
Swahili augur well for the
latter’s future. English,
which is now known by at
least one in six of the world’s
4,500 million people, owes
almost half its vocabulary to
Latin and French, and it has
continued to borrow
unhesitatingly from other
languages much further
afield.

In the process it has

become unsurpassed in its
range and variety, and as a

3400/366

result more and more of its
750,000 words have been
borrowed by other
languages.

The presence of West
African delegates at an inter-
national conference on
Swahili, staged rece&tly in
Nairobi, reflected the fact
that influential opinion in
that region is increasingly
recognizing the language’s
potential in a pan-African
context.

Agreement was reached on
, Ways to achieve a collective
i and coordinated effort aim
| at the further development of

| Swahili. LION Features



NIGERIA

Possibilities for Ojukwu Analyzed
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 17 Nov 82) wsceceecsceceeceeeeceee

Export Licences Provide Income
(Yinka Guedon; NEW NIGERIAN, 11 Nov 82) ...ssseeeeeeeees

Language Teaching Urged for Schools
(NEW NIGERIAN, 10 Nov 82) .sssesecscececeesecececnsaeace

Port Workers Refuse To Call Off Strike
(Suleiman Dangana; NEW NIGERIAN, 11 Nov 82) .....+eseeee

Austerity Measures Hit Telecommunications
(NEW NIGERIAN, 12 Nov 82) .sssccescceecceccccccsececeses

Rice Import Statistics Reported
(Mike Reis; NEW NIGERIAN, 13 Nov 82) ...sseeeseeeesece oo

Cotton Production Reported Up
(Dupe Motojehi; NEW NIGERIAN, 11 Nov 82) .....ssseeeeees

Briefs
Warning on Hiring Aliens
Czechs Criticized

SENEGAL

Source of Funds Used by PIT Questioned
(Abdou Salam Kane; L'UNITE AFRICAINE, Oct 82) ....-.eee

SEYCHELLES

President Rene Appeals for Political Unity
(AFP, 2 Dec 82) vesccsccrccececccnceesencencsnessceseees

SOUTH AFRICA

Proposed Government's Similarities to U.S. System Noted
(Mike Hough; THE CITIZEN, 1 Dec 82) ....... see eeeeceees

Increased ANC Cooperation With PLO Indicated
(THE CITIZEN, 1 Dec 82) .......

Mandela's Appeal on His Documents Fails
(THE CITIZEN, 2 Dec 82) .....

Medunsa Confers Honorary Degree on Moroka
(Sinnah; SOWETAN, 29 Nov 82) .

46

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

54

55

58

59

61

62

63



Complete Results for Mahajanga Faritany

Tananarive MADAGASCAR-MATIN in French 13 Nov 82 p 5

[Table]

ZL*YT = 0999 Bz"SS ~GHZ*HLE ESB°8EY ZSL°ZT SO9‘TSY Lyz‘97S S6EST S6E*T STVLOL
0E*T TOE OL°86 ST7‘EZ 9TS*EZ SHE T98°EZ 616°%2 26 26 eueuejeres] “TZ
zs°0 ay 87°66 TLY‘S €Is*8 se 865‘8 810°6 9% 9% eTeTeOS “0%
ez*TZ SEz*9 ~ZL°BL 690°EZ vOESEZ Lz TET ‘OE 269° VE 99 99 a81eg-3Il0d *6T
g0°0 S 76°66 OEs‘9 ses’9 LT zg¢°9 s98°9 a4 (74 aqoueyzeroW *8T
T9°8Z = PTL®E «GE'TL 897°6 786°7T -¥SE OEE ET 9S7‘8T 6€ 6€ ofutsath LT
86°4T S68*S zO°78 606°9% vOB‘ZE COr L0z‘€€ 8z0°TY 6L 6L AeoaoreW *9T
Ov°6Z = ETHSZT 09°0L 808°6Z T27*zy OZL‘T THO‘EY ery '2s 8€T 8eT BaresiTApueW “CT
S7°8 yL8‘T SS'T8 BLL‘6T zS9°TZ O0sz 706 ‘TZ LIL‘ €Z 611 6IT Auoypdueyl *7T
LS*ST 6L7°2 Zy'T8 €66°6 ZLZ°7L_ OTHE €19‘72T 6€9° ST Te Te Ir esuefeyen "eT
€y'¥E 9OLSOT LS*S9 B6ESOZ —OTSTE 96E°T  O0S‘ZE €99°ES 9% 9% I esuefeyen ‘ZT
SIZ vTy€ 9F'8L EEV*ZT L¥B*ST 602 9S0‘9T H9L‘8T OL OL ouesTqUTen ‘TT
cere @Tv*Z 99°0E sEev'Ez LyB*Sz T98 802 ‘97 60T ‘OE Sot SOT eueUPIeASeW * OT
0) 0) OOT Tse‘ Tse‘€ 8 68E°E 96S‘€ 8T 8T oysapuey *6
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c9°T 89 es'26 Loz‘sz s98‘sz 606°T 4LL°LZ S07‘ 6z ran ZIT syyyosquy  *¢
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B8°Zy €62°% ~ZTLS SSO Bre.s 08 8796S 4706‘S 9T 9T Aquyeuojequy *Z
9T°7T 906°€ P8°L8 B~7*8Z = VETZE 98H 029‘ 9€ 98S ‘9€ 88 88 yusog-ojequy = *T
queso aojy Que. toy qyseo PpToA pea0, peszsz yo uMouy Auezquoyog
-19g Ssaq0,Q -19g So20A soj0A pue -STSoy sooetd 3ut -WweUuorpuoAty
euoer efuoy BYeITSIEY yuetg -70A JO ‘ON
xeTped

38



On sentence, there had been argument that the trial court found the three
men acted with a common purpose. The Chief Justice held that the trial
court did not find any one of the appellants guilty in respect of acts
which the other two were alleged to have performed.

Mr Justice Rabie said the trial judge stated in his judgment on sentence
that he was mindful of, and considered all the evidence that was placed
before him and all the submissions that were addressed to him when he
decided to impose the sentences he did.

There was no reason for saying that he did not do so and it could not be
said that he misdirected himself in any way.--Sapa

cso: 3400/362

69



INCREASING MEMBERSHIP IN TRADE UNIONS REPORTED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 29 Nov 82 p 11

[Article by Sello Rabothata]

[Text]

MORE and more work-
ers are joining trade
unions and this could be
attributed to the forma-
tion of “good structures
like the shop steward
council’’, believes the
Federation of South Af-
rican Trade Unions (Fo-
satu).

With special reference
to two areas, Germis-
ton/Wadeville and Al-
rode, Fosatu has looked
into the Katlehong local
worker struggle in 1982
—-success and failures,
and the intimidation act
and other laws affecting
workers in South Africa.

Fosatu says the orga-
nisation expanded very

_fast through the parti-
~ ¢ipation of the workers
themselves in organising
other workers. This
came about through the
formation of good struc-
tures like the shop stew-
ards council, which was

cso: 3400/394

formed in’ 1981. Mem-
bership is now more
than 10 000. This is said
to make Fosatu truly
existing as an effective
organisation today.
Other. factors which
haye led to the success
of the workers’ struggle
are: Education of mem-
. bers through locally or-
ganised seminars to sta-
bilise and build worker
leaders; the formation
of shop steward councils
_which created unity
right across the facto-
ries, where workers be-
gan to identify them-
selves against the
enemy; the Federation
“acquired a breeding
: ground and everybody is
, Singing Fosatu in the

“area; and there are more |

than five signed full pro-
cedural agreements
where workers them-
selves have fought to

win some rights to chan- '

: nel their grievances, to
have a say in their day.

The difficulties en-
countered by the organi-
' sation were: over-ex-
» pansion, which created
big demands and great
expectations from the
fledging organisation;
the wave of strikes in
| this area received many
grievances and was
faced with tough em-
ployers, .and workers’
grievances were
answered with “fights”
instead of talks; and re-
cession has caused Fo-
| satu great harm, more
| than 1 000 of its mem-
« bers in the area have lost
their jobs.
On recession, Fosatu
said: “We condemn the
| stubborness_of the em-
 Ployer to just dismiss the
». workers when things are
bad. We condemn this
because the recession is
|. ‘caused by the employers
© and the consequences

78

SOUTH AFRICA

are suffered by us.
| When they build facto-
| ties, the pretend to be

doing that for the good
L of workers, when things
G0 astray from making’
Profits they cut the costs
on workers instead of on
| profits.

“This is going to cause

us to lose our houses,

; and starve because we

; depend entirely on our

meagre wages for a liv-

| ing. This is bad, in fact it

| teaches us that the em-

| ployers are not inter-

, ested in us but in our la-

bour that creates profits

for them. It teaches us

the characteristics of the

+ employers and to know

what we want, and how
cruel the system is.”

_ Seminars will be held
with the workers to dis-
cuss the dangers of all

| the problems raised.



059162

JPRS 82459

44 December 1982

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2736

DISTROUTION STREET X i
Approved fox yc cele :
rs eR
Disuibution Uniimited

DT gu,
Autry Inseecran @

19980828 O81

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE



GOVERNMENT LAND RESETTLEMENT PLANS REPORTED

Harare THE HERALD in English 23 Nov 82 p 1

[Article by Munyaradzi Chenje]

[Text]

ZIMBABWE

People buying land in resettlement-designated areas will be moved out,

the Minister of Lands, Resettlement and Rural Development, Cde Moven Mahachi,

said yesterday.

Interviewed by the Herald in Harare, he said:

"The Government has the author-

ity to get the land it requires for resettlement and we won't let any obstacles

stand in our way.

“It is to the advantage
gf those people who want
to buy land to check with
the Government first. We
have also ensured that no
Government funds, es-
pecially loans from the
Agricultural Finance Cor-
poration, will be used to
buy farms.”

He gave an example
of some farmers who had
come together to buy
land in Mutoko but were
told by the Government
to move out as the area
had been designated for
resettlement.

No one could sell land.

before he gave the Gov-
ermment first. option to
buy.

During the allocation of
land, his ministry en-
sured that every person
given land was in need
and was not already em-
ployed in. urban areas.
Each person would be
sgiven a permit to stay on
the land, he said,

The permit would be
checked from time to
time to ensure that the
land still belonged to the
same person and had not
been -passed on to some-
one else.

cso: 3400/393

“A settlement officer at
each scheme checks the

permits to ensure that
land is not acquired
Megally - by people

not eligible for resettle-
ment.

“The idea of the re-
distribution of land is to
cater for the redistribu-
tion of wealth among all
the people. If people al-
ready catered for in one
form of industry or an-
other also acquire land,
then it will be impossible
to spread the country’s
wealth among all -the
people,” said Cde Mahachi.

The problems of unem-
ployment were aggravat-
ing resettlement as more
and more people wanted
land. If more people were
employed, the demand for
land would be reduced.

Cde Mahachi said em-
ployed people who al-
ready had land, would not
have their land confiscated
but lazy farmers would
have theirs taken away.

“The development of Zi-
mbabwe's economy de-
pends on agriculture and,
if land is not used effec-
tively, the whole economy ,
of the country is going to
collapse,

“Socialism does not al-
low laziness. My ministry
is willing to ‘cater for
those people who are wil-
ling to make a living out
of the land.”

The Government was |

buying farms which had
been swamped by squat-
ters and was legalising

their occupation of the +

land. The number of
squatters was decreasing
as resettlement schemes
progressed.

About 17 farms in the
Chinyika area of Head-
lands had been “legalised”

. for squatters to settle.

Those squatters who
moved on land once they
heard the Government had
pought it would be prose-
cuted, And those who oc-
cupied the land unilater-
ally would be evicted, said’
the minister. .

“There is no more point
for people to move in on
land unilaterally when my
ministry is taking mea-
sures to give everyone ir
need of land something.

Annex

“Those _ people whi
annex land adjacent t

104

their own are, in a sense
squatting and will also be
evicted. The demand for
land is huge and very
serious as we have more
than the 162000 people
we want to resettle in the
next three years,” said Cde
Mahachi.

He was satisfied with
the way the resettlement
schemes were progressing,
even though they faced a,
few problems, The land
offered to the Government
was mostly in very dry
regions. .

There were also prob- .
lems of motivating
farmers to take up agri-
culture as an industry.

“We have to battle hard
for people to accept agri-
cultur as a form of busi-

: mess.”

Co-operatives were now
fully accepted by the
people. There were 669
different co-operatives
registered so far. The
miaistry was expanding
the Department of Co-
operative Development to
eater for the expansion of
the movement in the
country.



PRC Committee To Help in Tax Arrears Collection
(DAILY OBSERVER, 16 Nov 82) ..cseccssceesccccccseecvnccoes

Acting Foreign Minister Gives Details of State Car Sale Plan
(Sam H. Johnson; NEW LIBERIAN, 18 Nov 82) ..sssseeseeseees

PRC Speaker Raps 'Ill-Prepared, Undisciplined' Foreign Officers
(Sam H. Johnson; NEW LIBERIAN, 16 Nov 82) ..ssseecesseeees

PRC Rescinds Free Gasoline to Ministries, Takes Austerity Measures
(NEW LIBERIAN, 16 Nov 82) ..sccecccecccescvecccessceeceens

Physicians End Three Week 'Go Slow' in Monrovia
(DAILY OBSERVER, 15 Nov 82) ..csccesscceeccccccececcnceees

New Armed Forces Housing Being Built
(DAILY OBSERVER, 15 Nov 82) .ecssceceeceeceeceeceeree

Briefs
NAAWUL's Suspension

MADAGASCAR

Presidential Election Results Given
(MADAGASCAR-MATIN, various dates) ..sececesesccecceeeeees

Total Nationwide

Final Results for Antananarivo Faritany
Complete Results for Antsiranana Faritany
Final Results for Fianarantsoa Faritany
Complete Results for Mahajanga Faritany
Complete Results for Toamasina Faritany
Results for Toliary Faritany

Youth Minister Returns From PRC, Cooperation Planned
(MADAGASCAR-MATIN, 4 Oct 82) .

Libyan Youth Aid Reported
(MADAGASCAR-MATIN, 8 Oct 82) ....

Japanese Aid Reported
(MADAGASCAR-MATIN, 8 Oct 82) ...

Briefs
Libyan Gift

Briefs
Agreement With Germany

23

24

26

28

30

32

33

34

41

42

43

44

45



SELF-HELP, SOCIALISM DISCUSSED AT WORKSHOP

Harare THE HERALD in English 23 Nov 82 p 11

[Article by Peta Thornycroft: "Socialism and Self-Help--The Great Debate"

[Text]

SELF-HELP and self-reliance are the theme
of a workshop which started at. Ranche
House, Harare yesterday. It is the inspira-
tion of the Ministry of Finance, Economic
Planning and Development, and is funded

by the

Konrad Adenauer

Foundation

through the West German government. All
the delegates and panellists are Zimbabwean

ALL roads to develop-
ment discussed during
a day of tough debate
at the workshop in
Harare led back to |
the “painful” path
towards socialism.

Whether delegates from
the floor or on the plat-
form addressed themselves
to problems of education,
the functions of the dis-
trict councils, the contri-
bution made by peasants,
or the need for planning
jn conjunction with bud-
geting, the pendulum of
debate swung back to the
difficult process of imple-
menting socialism within
a capitalist. society.
* First speaker of the five-
day’ workshop was the
Minister of Local Govern-
ment and Town Planning,
Cde Enos Chikowore.

He said: “In this coun-
_try, Government accepts
the existence of eight pro-
vinces, 53 districts. Where

are the provincial and dis-
trict plans? The system of
planning must have an
impact op the system of
budgetin;

“If there are national
plans and provincial and
district plans there must
be national, provincial and
district budgets, How can
district councils and urban
councils achieve __ self-
reliance when they do not
know how much they will
receive from ministry so-
and-so in terms of grants
or loans?”

Earlier in his address he

id: “Socialism is built on
the ruins of capitalism.

Because capitalism does
not decay overnight, there
is a transition from it to
socialism. -

“This transition is linked
with the decadence of the
past, which is unfettered
capitalism, and the future,
which ‘is ' socialism. The
superstructure created to
support the period of w

_fettered capitalism is dif-_
ferent from that which
supports socialism.”

ZIMBABWE

—academics, district administrators, civil
servants and others. The workshop tackles
many issues closest to the development, of
the country, and they are, being discussed
frankly. The workshop was opened by the
Minister of Local Government and Town
Planning, Cde Enos Chikowore, who des-
cribed the event as of great importance.

It was, however, Cde
Nelson Moyo from the
University of Zimbabwe,
the first panellist, who set
the debate into sometimes
heated .action, He said
there were only two
roads a society could
choose, capitalism or
socialism.

| Talk about a mixed
economy’ was merely .a

euphemism,
The road chosen by the
Government would be

“painful”, capitalism was
much easier in the short
term, but the only pos-
sible way ahead for Zim-
babwe was for the people
— peasants and workers
— to control the mean
of production. °

Several ° people from

-the floor objected to what
they said was his discus-
sion of an ideology that
had aothing to do with
the nuts and ‘bolts of
self-help. and self-reliance.
One asked whether a

_“foreign” solution, refer-
ring to Cde Moyo's Marx-
ist-Leninist ‘principles,

105

was the {deal and that
perhaps a local, indige-
‘nous interpretation of the
problems involved was
| preferable.

L_ “But ‘in Zimbabwe we
cannot deny the past,”
another said. “We are,
whether we like it or not,

all exposed to foreign
ideologies.”
The preainble session

took up. most of the
morning. Cde Moyo, and
some members from the
floor, agreed that it was
very much io ‘the in-
terests of the workshop
that the social framework

of HOW people help
themselves should " be
established,

_ he afternoon, after
alu break during which
the debate continued in
small groups, Cde Fay
Chung, Chief Education
Officer (Planning) in the

’ Ministry of Education and

Culture, described self-
reliance as “using the
human resources and the
technological levels you
have at the time”.



LIBERIA

PRC SPEAKER RAPS ‘ILL-PREPARED, UNDISCIPLINED' FOREIGN OFFICERS

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 16 Nov 82 pp 1, 6

[Article by Sam H. Johnson]

[text]

PRC Speaker Jeffred Gbatu
has cautioned the Foreign
Ministry against recommend-
ing ill-prepared and un-

disciplined individuals to
serve in the foreign
service. ‘

Speaker Gbatu briefing

newsmen Monday following his
recent tour of several Euro-
pean countries and partici-
pation at the EBC/ACP 7th
consultative meeting in
Rome, Italy, said he had
observed that some diplomats
serving at Liberian missions
abroad’ were seemingly never
tutor in diplomacy before
their appointments.

The PRC Speaker said he
has also noticed that sane
Junior staffers at Liberian
missions have no respect for
the office of the ambassa~
dor.

Some ‘Liberian students

Studying in foreign coun-
tries, he said, were also
showing :... rudeness towards

their ambassadors.
than tor desist frei
action. .

26

He warned

said while there he convened
a meeting to mediate in mis-
understanding which had
arisen'between the ambassa-

dor am some Liberians,
mostly ‘students, in that
city. He did not disclose
the nature of the misunder-
standing. .

The Speaker said--_@
the meating some of,

iberjians,. became, veryt nc Un
Truly. He sgaddtit. ston was

observed: sthat-gomexo§ then
were intoxicated.

| :
| Because of their a ns,
| the Speaker said, he#% was

| compelled to call of. the
| necting.

According to General
Gbatu, it was reportedly
learned that the second
cpus (whose name was

+. SOME, thoes
atthe treeting:
This same Second Secretary,

amp tion.
attendants,

Gbatu said was

p Speaker x
responsible for

‘allegedly



a

RAIDS CONTINUE IN CAPE TOWN--The Western Cape Administration Board Inspectors
raided Cape Town southern suburbs yesterday. Eight-one people were arrested.
They will appear in the Langa Correctional Court later today. In the past 2
days 216 people have been arrested. According to the [words indistinct]
advice office, more than 2,000 people were arrested in October and they paid
over 50,000 rands in fines. The office calculates that 210 families could
jhave subsisted 4 months on this money. The 2,000 figure means that one in
every 50 of Cape Town's black population was arrested that month. [Text]
[MB021316 Umtata Capital Radio in English 0700 GMT 2 Dec 82]

BUS BOYCOTT IN DURBAN CONTINUES--Buses in the Clermont area of Durban were
stoned again this morning by black commuters who are protesting against the
increased tariffs which came into effect yesterday. Altogether 70 municipal
buses have now been damaged and six drivers have sustained injuries. Com-
muters boycotted the bus service this morning. Buses only travelled as far
as the outskirts of the Clermont residential area. [Text] [MBO021431
Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0900 GMT 2 Dec 82]

POLICE DETAIN MANDELA'S DAUGHTER--(Zinzi) Mandela has been detained. The
22-year-old daughter of former ANC leader Nelson Mandela was detained by
police in an early morning raid on her home. A lodger who was present dur-
ing the raid says the police arrived just before 0600 and confiscated copies
of the "Free Mandela Campaign" pamphlets and books pefore taking (Zinzi)
Mandela away. A police spokesman in Pretoria said he could not confirm the
detention. (Zinzi) Mandela is due to appear in court on Monday on a charge
of fraud. She allegedly forged a travel document and was arrested in October
at a Swaziland border post. [Text] [MBO21230 Umtata Capital Radio in
English 1000 GMT 2 Dec 82)

NUCLEAR POWER STATION--It has been announced in Cape Town that South Africa's
first nuclear power station will go to full power by May or June next year.
The final stages of commissioning the giant Koeberg facility of the South
African Electricity Supply Commission will begin soon, and emergency measures
into the problems of the plant [as heard] are being coordinated with sur—
rounding (?legal) authorities. The International Atomic Energy Agency in
Vienna, Austria, has a right to inspect the power station, which is situated
near Cape Town. The South African Government has stated on a number of occa-
sions that its nuclear program is being applied for peaceful purposes only.
[Text] [MBO31150 Johannesburg International Service in English 1100 GMT

3 Dec 82]

STRIKE TALKS--A meeting called by the Commercial and Catering Allied Workers'
Union of South Africa (Ccawusa) to discuss a two-week old strike by the
employees of Teltron Sound-Electrical company in Johannesburg, ended in a
deadlock this week. According to the general secretary of the union, Emmah
Mashinini, management would not re-open job vacancies of about 200 workers
who went on strike two weeks ago. Their grievances involved the reinstatement
of a dismissed workerm better salaries and improved working conditions. An
ultimatum to either return to their posts or "dismiss yourselves" was ignored
by the workers who, instead, marched to the union's offices. While negoti-
ations were going on between the union and the company, some of the vacancies
were filled with new employees. Mrs Mashinini said management only agreed to
reinstate 85 of the workers "but the workers are against the idea." She said
further negotiations would be held in an attempt to resolve the strike.
Ccawusa is to send a memorandum to the head office of Checkers Stores follow-
ing allegations that women cashiers were locked in a refrigerator whenever
there was inconsistency in their daily takings. Cashiers at the stores of
the Hillbrow branch, complained of undergoing "this humiliating experience"
each time their takings did not cash up correctly. Management denied the al-
legations. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 1 Dec 82 p 2]

85

rE



SOUTH AFRICA

FUEL PRICE CUT SCHEDULED FOR 1 MARCH
MBO11340 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 1 Dec 82

[Text] The price of fuel is to be lowered by 1 cent a liter on 1 March next
year, but the present speed limits are to be maintained.

Announcing the fuel price decrease at a news conference in Pretoria, the
prime minister, Mr P.W. Botha, said that the government had come to the con-
clusion that it would be possible to avoid a fuel price increase in January,
and, in fact, if other market trends were taken into account then a fuel
price decrease was possible from March.

The fact that the government could not see its way clear to raising the speed
limits was announced by the Minister of Mineral and Energy Affairs, Mr Piet
Du Plessis, at the same news conference. He said that the government had
considered the fact that petrol selling hours had been lengthened over the
holiday season and the drop in the petrol price and had decided that the
speed restrictions would remain unchanged. He said the longer selling hours
and the lower price had been considered because these were factors that
would lead to a higher consumption of fuel, particularly petrol. These fac—
tors could help right the current inbalance between petrol and diesel fuel
consumption. Mr Du Plessis said that his department would continue to review
the fuel situation.

CSO: 3400/279



currently military attaché in Bonn. In the Gendarmerie
Nationale five officers have the rank of colonel, includ-
ing Victor Kalla, its commander, and Oumanroudjou
‘Yala. The air force is led by Commander Yakana
Guebama and the fledgling naval forces by commander
Ngouah Ngally. The army has 12 lieutenant-colonels
and the Gendarmerie Nationale four. Biya’s tactic will
probably be to seek to promote younger officers, oblig-
ing those senior officers with the most troubled back-
grounds to retire. Many have amassed fortunes over the
past few years, not least because the regime encouraged
them to do business. A disturbing note is the likelihood
that northern officers have stocked arms in the
Biqueterie quarter in Yaoundé, inhabited by northerners,
in case tribal trouble breaks out. Moreover, most of the
armed forces’ heavy weapons and ammunition is stocked
in the northern part of the country at Ngaoundéré.

In the political arena, Biya will probably want to
isolate gradually the Ahidjo faithfuls in the upper
echelon. In this category would be the president of the
national assembly, Solomon Tanding Mouna, who re-
presents english-speaking western Cameroun and was
central to Ahidjo’s success in creating a unitary state in
1972. Biya could utilise the clan around former vice-
president John Ngu Foncha to get additional leverage in
the anglophone areas. The national assembly vice-presi-
dent, Moussa Yaya, whose sobriquet in Yaoundé is
“Monsieur Fidelité”, is another candidate for retirement
by the next legislative elections. So too is Sabal Lecco,
president of the economic and social commission. The
shift of Samuel Eboua, Ahidjo’s eminence grise for
economic affairs, from the post of secretary-general of
the president’s office to the ministry of agriculture, will
make it easier for Biya to introduce new blood to the
economics side of government.

Philemon Beb A Don, a behind-the-scenes presidential
adviser from the Bafia tribe, located in the centre-south
region, could be an invaluable aid for Biya in mastering
the reigns of power. Since all key decisions are taken at
the presidential palace, shadow figures tend to be the
real power brokers. Former OAU secretary-general
William Eteki Mboumbua will also have an important say
in the running of daily affairs as presidential adviser.

Biya’s options

On the institutional level, Biya has three principal
options for reinforcing his power before the 1985
elections:-

1) He could amend the constitution to recreate the vice-
president’s post abolished 10 years ago. With the vice-president
as his designated successor, Biya would have the possibility to
hand-pick a northerner. The Fulani behind Ahidjo would then
be unable to criticise Biya for dismissing premier Bello Bouba
Maigari in favour of a southerner.

2) He could dissolve the national assembly and call new
elections. In this way, he could sideline many of the old genera-
tion politicians and bosses, both from the north and the south.



PORT WORKERS REFUSE TO CALL OFF STRIKE

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 11 Nov 82 pp 1, 3

[Article by Suleiman Danganal

[text] THE President of the Nigerian
Ports Authority Workers’ Uy
(NAPWU), Chief Haruna Ag]
kuena, said in Lagos yesterd
that the industrial action®
workers of the NPA would not be

vealled off until their demands
were met.

Chief Aruna, reacting to an ulti-
matum by the Ministry of Trans-
port to return to work or be sack-
ed, said the strike would continue

rrespect of end-of-year bonus.

He said the minister had failed
to honour an earlier agreement
reached at a meeting held bet-
ween the workers’ representa-
tives and the minister on Novem-
‘ber 2.

The union president. further

leged it there vals a:

liberate

nt

linistry- = “Alha,
Alfa Wali, to use bureaucracy to
frustrate the demands of the
workers.

He cited a situation where the
permanent secretary had inform-
ed the workers’ representatives
that a letter had been sent to the
appropriate government quarters
to effect action on the workers’
demands: but it later turned out

that no letter was written at all by
him. * ~

CSO: 3400/336

50

According to’ the: uhion presi-
fdent, the issue got to a point
iwhere the Secretary to the
Federal Government, Alhaji
<Shehu Musa, had to advise that
the award be sent to the Federal
Executive Council for a decision.

He further told the New
Nigerian that the advice of the
Secretary to the Federal Govern-
iment was aimed at ensuring that

\neither_the...NPA mi erent
“or feisty atistboesh should
“be blamed. if eventually, the
‘demiaiids Were not met." »

He stated tfiat these two bodies
_failed to heed this advice which
had pushed the workers to the
wall.

The Director of Industrial
, Relations at the Federal Minis-
try of Labour, Mr. J. I. 0. Bosah,
told the New Nigerian that the
TAP award had been communicat-
ed to both the management,
junior and senior staff associa-
tions of the NPA,

He explained that if the
‘minister forwarded an award to
the union and the management,
-both parties could lodge an objec-
tion within 21 days.

If, however, there was no ob-
fection within 21 days, he said,

e minister goes ahead to con-
firm the award.

The award, he added, was sent
.to both parties on Tuesday.

NIGERIA



to capital and entrepreneurship. Swaziland has reason to be proud of her
political stability and this is one element which investors consider ser-
iously. However, there are other equally serious elements for which Swazi-
land must compete effectively with neighbouring countries in the region, in-
cluding South Africa and her so-called development regions (the homelands).

A recent advertisement by the Ciskeian National Development Corporation, for
example, highlights the "competition problem which Swaziland is facing. It
states that Ciskei ‘offer you of the best industrial incentives available
anywhere in the world... Among other bonuses, Ciskei invites you to enjoy as
little as 3.2% effective interest on loan capital.... This is only but an
indication of the extent to which South Africa and its dependencies are
willing and also to go in order to attract foreign investment.

Obviously, Swaziland, in the face of such stiff competition, can only throw
her hands up in horror as she cannot match such incentives. However,
Swaziland must think and act strategically and exploit those conditions in
which she has an upper hand to the fullest. Besides her political stability,
access to markets in Africa is another element which operates in Swaziland's
favour and should be aggressively sold to potential investors.

“\..I wish to point out that relationships between the private sector and
government are as crucial as the relationships between management and workers.
Lately, there has been a spate of statements, either privately or publicly,
particularly by members of the private sector which indicate that "all is not
well in the court of St. James."

While one would like to muzzle individuals, it must be recognised that the
end effect of such statements, even though well intentioned, may be detri-
mental to the economic and political welfare of the nation. Spokespersons
for both the private and public sectors must take a leaf from the instructions
of our late King Sobhuza II that there is no problem created by man which
cannot be resolved through face-to-face discussions.

"Given the above considerations regarding the climate in the private sector,

it is clear that increasing investment in private industries, though absolutely
desirable cannot be relied upon as the only strategy for increasing employment
opportunities in Swaziland."

Professor Magagula said there was absolutely no question that agriculture was
the lifeblood of the nation. Given that fact that the bulk of the population
of Swaziland lives in rural areas, and given the fact that even if growth in
urgan jobs were to reach 4.5% per year, this would only make a slight dent.
on the total rural and urban labour force, more employment opportunities must
be created in agriculture.

The RDA programme, Professor Magagula said, is a recognition of the cardinal

importance of improving the welfare of the rural areas through increasing
agricultural production.

92



SOUTH AFRICA

ALLEGED TERRORIST ADMITS PLACING MINES
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Dec 82 p 4

[text]

AN alleged ANC terror-
ist, Mr Rogerio Hoffsani
Chamusso (34), — alias
Patrick Shange, admitted
in the Pretoria Supreme
Court yesterday that he
had attached a number of
limpet mines to  trans-
formers at the Transalloys
power station near Wit-
bank.

He has pleaded not
guilty to charges of killing
two White men in a cara-
yan park but pleaded
guilty to a charge of sab-
otage.

He told Mr Justice A P
Myburg and two assessors
that he was instructed by
ANC leader Joe Slovo in
Maputo to come to South
Africa on a mission of
sabotage.

He was instructed to at-
tack three targets — Sa-
sol, Evander and Transal-
loys. -

Mr Chamusso said he
left South Africa on June
20, 1980, for Mozambi-
que. He received military
training in Angola and re-

ceived his instructions to
carry out acts of sabotage
directly from Joe Slovo in
Maputo.

Mr Chamusso left Ma-
puto by car on October 14
last year. A number of
limpet mines were hidden
in the boot of his car. He
met a man called George
at the Oshoek border post
and was given R200 for
disbursement among
ANC members.

At a three-way stop-
street near Ogies he met
another member of the
ANC who was known as
Lawrence. While Law-
rence was waiting in a car

on October 23, 1981, he

went to the transformer
station at Transalloys. At
about 6.30 pm he at-
tached limpet mines to
the transformers and set a
time clock for three hours
later.

Later he was arrested
while trying to -escape
from a roadblock.

The hearing was ad-
journed until Tuesday
morning.

CsO: 3400/362

71



NEW ARMED FORCES HOUSING BEING BUILT

LIBERIA

Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 15 Nov 82 p 3

[Excerpt]

Twenty-seven new housing
‘units are being built for the
Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL)
with U.S. aid.

Work on the buildings has
begun at Camp Schieffelin, near
Monrovia. It is part of Phase II
of the American Foreign
Military Sale. 7

Assistant Minister of Defense
for Civil Works, Col. Jackson J.
Paye, who announced this in an
interview, said 18 units will con-
sist of eight one-bedroom apart-
ments, while the remaining nine
will comprise of five two-
bedroom apartments.

Under Phase I of the $10
million U.S. military assistance
to Liberia, 12 units consisting of
eight one-bedroom apartments
were built at Camp Schieffelin.

In its drive to give its defense
force modern homes, the
Liberian government has built
125 units ranging from two-
bedroom flats to 10 three-
bedroom apartment buildings at

CcsO: 3400/366

32

the Barclay. Training Center
(BTC) a

country.

six latrines will also be built.
Construction is expected to be

‘completed in ten months, he

said fess”

it “under the same
"phase, an agreetiferie“hes been
reached to build 12 units with
eight one-bedroom apartment
barracks and five houses con-
sisting of five two-bedroom
apartments for soldiers of the
Artillery Batallion at Camp
Jackson in Bong County.

A water system will also be
provided at Camp Jackson, he
said, adding that the possibility
of supplying the camp with elec-
tricity from Bellefanai, seven
miles away, is being studied.



MADAGASCAR,

BRIEFS

LIBYAN GIFT:-Yesterday morning Minister Christian Remi Richard, interim
minister of the interior, received 50 wide carriage Olivetti typewriters
donated by the government of the Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
for use in our decentralized collectives. The excellence of the friendly
and cooperative relations between the two nations was mentioned during the
ceremony by Minister Christian Remi Richard and the representative of the
Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to Antananarivo. [Text]
/Tananarive MADAGASCAR-MATIN in French 5 Oct 82 p 1/ 9693

cso: 3419/133

4h



LANGUAGE TEACHING URGED FOR SCHOOLS

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 10 Nov 82 p 17

[text]

cso:

3400/336

Federal and State Govern-
ments have been called upon to
provide a ‘special fund’ to
develop Nigerian languages for
teaching all subjects in our
schools.

{This was contained in a com-
‘mpnique, issued atthe end of a

GP Reding hatte recehtiy A
Zaria. *

The communique said that
Federal and State Governments
should provide fund to assist the
National Language Centre to in-
tensify development of children’s
mother tongues for learning pur-

eS.
It said, “it should be possible to
shave scholarly and scientific

studies written in or and
translated. into Nigerian
. languages’’.

The communique said that
, Steps should be taken to mount
mass literacy campaigns so that
every adult would be able to read

49

and write in at least his mother
tongue. -

It suggested that the study of
Nigerian languages should be
made compulsory at both the
primary and secondary schools.

It was further suggested that a
pass in a Nigerian language
should be a requirement in award
of certificate and promotion of
pupils.

Apart from the pupil's mother

_ tongues, the communique added,

our children should also learn one

_other Nigerian language.

The communique called on

“governments to encourage in-

creased production of teachers of
Nigerian languages. It said that
such teachers should be ade-
quately compensated for
teaching the languages.

- It thanked the federal and state
governements for traslating
government documents and in-
formation materials into our
Janguages.

NIGERIA



MALAWI

BRIEFS

AGREEMENT WITH GERMANY--Malawi and the Federal Republic of Germany yesterday
signed three agreements totalling K7.9 million (about DM17.9 million).
Under the agreements, the Federal Republic of Germany, acting through the
German Loans Corporation (KFW) will provide a grant for K2 million (about
DM4.5 million) for the rehabilitation and modernisation of Limbe Railways
workshops, K4,3 million (DM9.4 million) for Blantyre City Sewerage Scheme
(phase three) and K1.6 million (DM3.6 million) for financing rural growth

centres project in the country. [Excerpt] [Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English
17 Nov 82 p 1]

cso: 3400/346

45



BIG BOOST FOR BLACK HOUSING REPORTED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 1 Dec 82 p 1

[Text]

cso:

SUPERMARKET ty-
coon Mr: Raymond Ack-
erman has embarked on
a multi-million rand
housing scheme to build
houses for his black em-

» ployees all over the coun-

try.
The first phase of Mr
Ackerman’s scheme got

' off the ground yesterday

when he handed over

keys of 34 houses in So-.

weto to their owners, all
employees of his Pick ’n
Pay chain.

The houses, whose
prices range from
R18 500 to R30 000,
have been made avail-

able following an
| agreement between ‘the

3400/399

supermarket and a lead- -

ing building society. The
monthly bond repay-
ments — which will be a

minimum of R70 a
month — will be subsi-
dised through the inter-
est on Rl-million in-
vested in the building
society by the chain.

fean -

“Mr Ackerthian told!
The SOWETAN that the
34 Pimville houses were
the first of several hous-
ing projects he was plan-
ning for his black. em-
ployees throughout the

country. He added that
he hoped to buy more
land in Soweto in prepa-
ration for the second
phase.

Soweto’s “mayor”,
Mr David Thebehali,
welcomed the home-
owners to their new
houses during the open-
ing ceremony. He en-

7

couraged the private

_ sector to join hands in

solving the area’s critical
housing shortage, add-
ing that the public had
been incorrectly in-
formed about his coun-
cil’s rejection of the
R12,3-million loan of-
fered through the Urban
Foundation.

He said the council
was dissatisfied with the
condition laid down for
the loan.

Mr Ackerman said
the houses had been
built for various income
groups. Two of the
homeowners are Mrs
Cathy Maphumulo, an
assistant in the canteen
at one of the outlets of.
the chain, and shelf
packer Mr Richard
Mtshizana.

SOUTH AFRICA



the country needed a growth in investment of 3 percent to every 1 percent
annual growth rate, The growth in urban populations would put

pressure on the demand for services, facilities and new jobs, as well as
nedding a major increase in food supplies to feed the large urban non-

food producing population. But the rural population was still massive and
"hence the major rural development programmes which the government has
launched," the spokesman said, More detailed data would become available
in time.--Sapa [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Dec 82 p 10]

NAVY DIRECTIVE RESCINDED--The Minister of Defence, General Magnus Malan
has ordered the immediate withdrawal of a directive to naval personnel not
to "cause embarrassment" by raising service problems with Members of
Parliament. In a statement in Pretoria yesterday, the Minister said the
order was not in line with Defence Force policy. "I want to point out that
the wording and intention of this particular order contradict each other.
While it was well meant, it was badly worded. "Where the service matter is
submitted as a grievance in terms of the military discipline code, there is
a prescribed procedure whereby the grievance can be taken as far as the
State President. "It would therefore be irregular to try and take the
matter further at parliamentary level after the highest authority, namely
the State President, has made a decision on the matter," Gen Malan said.
"Regarding other matters, there is, however, a prescribed procedure, issued
by me, to guide MPs in the handling of such cases. "It is, therefore,
clear that the order had been incorrectly worded," he said. "The assertion
in the naval order that the Minister is confronted by the Opposition in
Parliament is an unfortunate one and is withdrawn without further ado
because such matters are related to the tasks of the MPs and not the
political parties. "I have already given instructions that the order must
be withdrawn." -- Sapa [text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English

1 Dec 82 p 3]

NZUZO DETAINED--Ciskei Police have confirmed the detention of a Mdantsane
man in terms of the Territory's security legislation. Brigadier M Tamsanqa,
deputy commander of the Intelligence Services, said Mr Xolisa Nzuzo had been
detailed and might be released tomorrow when investigations would be com-
pleted. Mr Nzuzo was arrested by police at the roadblock near Mdantsane.

VICTORY FOR CNA WORKERS--Wage negotiations between the Central News Agency
(CNA) and the Commercial, Catering and Allied Workers’ Union (Ccawusa) have
ended with workers countrywide winning substantial increases. The talks
followed the week-long strike by hundreds of CNA store and warehouse workers
in the Johannesburg area earlier this month. The successful wage negotiations
mean that CNA workers in urban areas will earn a minimum R235 a month, a 45
percent increase over the previous R160 monthly wage. CNA workers in rural
areas will earn R190, a 35 percent increase over R140 monthly. All workers
earning less than R450 monthly will also receive a R20 bonus while the handful
of black workers earning above that figure will have their position reviewed
in May next year. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 1 Dec 82 p 2]

84



Complete Results for Toamasina Faritany

Tananarive MADAGASCAR-MATIN in French 12 Nov 82 p 2

[Table]

z0°9 OTO'TY 86°€6 489'079 69°T89 YS6*ET 849°S69 6LY*S9L zSB°T zSB°T STVLOL
72°9 ZLT°% OLE6 9EOTSE BOZ*LE 2S O€L*LE c99°ey 6L 6L BUPUSIARA *8T
T0°O 9 66°66 66T'0%  €0Z‘OY 6€7% 777‘ OY L7e‘ty L9T L9T Arpuewejon */T
s7"0 Sz SS°66 T7S*vS 99L°"S L09 €LE*SS 6S€°8S cet Ze II. euysewmeol *9T
OS'O€ B8h*ST 05°99 B9LS0E 957°9% 6222 SBv'8y 89L°S9 TeT TT I eupseweo] *CT
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og*TtT 28s oz*s8 z6E'Y 61659 = LY 9%7‘S 979°S ST ST STABW-OIUTeS ET
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euoer eluoW eyerpsqey yuete =JoA jo ‘ON
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ZB AON £ JO UOTIDSTY WepyTserzg

39



AGRICULTURAL GAINS DESPITE DROUGHT RECORDED

Harare THE HERALD in English 22 Nov 82 p 11

[Text]
AGRICULTURE became
a major pillar in the

development of Zimbabwe
ut independence.

This came about be-
cause of the advent of
peace, the resolution of
the country’s basic poli-
tical problems and the
spirit of reconciliation.

These positive trends
were summed up in the
Agricultural . Marketing
‘Authority's latest post-
jadependence — _Economic_
Review of the Agricul
tural Industry in Zimba-
bwe,

AMA chairman, Mr
Paddy Millar, has given
the 200-page report to the
Minister of Agriculture,
Senator Denis Norman.

Every year the AMA
has to report on its. acti-
vities and the general
agricultural scene. The
latest report covers the
period up to the end of
December last year.

_ It is based mainly’ on
statistics for the agri-
cultural year 1979-80.

The report says: “Al-
though ‘beset by drought
conditions, the agricultural
industry enjoyed a good
year and the remarkable

cso: 3400/393

economic «growth which

occurred throughout the

economy ‘featured in the
agricultural sector in the
form of higher producer

prices and a very large ©

tobacco crop.”
But despite the remark-
able financial ‘performance
there was concern over
output, :
Although the grain out-
put improved over the
previous year (1978-79)
and the commercial intake
was sufficient to meet
domestic needs, stock
levels were far from suffi-
cient to maintain a secure
food reserve and attractive
export outlets to neigh
bouring states could not
be exploited to any ex-
tent,

——“Indetd with a burgeon-
ing demand for @ wide
range of foodstuffs, the
static production levels in
some basic corimodities
and the decline in the:case
of beef, were ‘also cause
for concern.”

The serious mid-season
drought during January

and early February in the .

1979-80 season had severe
consequences on the maize

crop. Tt was also affected
by erratic rains,

On the whole, however,

there was a phenomenal

recovery in the economy’

-in 1980 with the value of

agricultural . output
amounting to $738 million
— 36 percent up on the
previous year, .

The value of this output
rose by 35 percént to reach
$592. million in the large-
scale sector and by 43 per-
cent to $46 million in the
communal] farming sector.

The total output of food *

and non-food products in
1980 increased by 16 -per-
cent — grains ‘alone by
30 percent — while animal
_ foodstuffs showed a further
“" decline,

The agricultural in-
dustry continued to be the
major employer, but the
number of employees fell
for the sixth successive
year. Compared with the
335 000 employed in 1979,
the number fell by 2,4
percent to 327000 in 1980,

This contrasted’ to the
25-percent increase in the
total number of employees
in practically every sector
of the economy,

109

ZIMBABWE

“ "The report says that
with the. new minimum
wage levels it could be
contemplated that future
emphasis in farming
would be on labour pro-
ductivity. ,
“Increased _mechanisa~
tion ja the sector will, to
a large extent, run con-
trary to Government

. policy and, more. import-

antly, will be largely
frustrated through foreign-
currency constraints.

“The indications are
that employment levels in
the large-scale sector of
agriculture will continue
to decline.”

Meariwhile, total earn-
ings in agriculture in-
creased by “8 percent in
1980 — from $138 million
to $150 million. ‘The report
says this increase was
meagre compared. with
“the 25 percent increase in
all secte~s of the economy.

However, this level of
increase had to be con-
trasted with the category
of skills. In this respect,
agricultural workers were
mostly in the unskilled
category. vot



JPRS 82459

14 December 1982

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2736

CoNTENTS
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

"UNHCR' Official Interviewed on Refugee Problem

(Bernard Degioanni; AFP, 28 Nov 82) .. a eneees 1
West Africans Recognize Swahili Language's Potential
(DAILY OBSERVER, 17 Nov 82) .issscscceccecescecceeeesercees 3
CAMEROON
Situation for New Government Analyzed
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 17 Nov 82) .sseesessseeeeceeees saaeee 5
Predictions Offered for Situation Under Biya
(S. K, Sam; WEST AFRICA, 22 Nov 82) ..sscecsecsceseeeceeees 10
Economic Situation in Country Analyzed
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 17 Nov 82) ..scececccccccccecccceeees 12
LESOTHO
| Minister Returns From European Aid Talks
(Maseru Domestic Service, 2 Dec 82) wssssscccssascecceeeees 4
Briefs
Landmine Damages Minister's Vehicle 16
LIBERIA
Soviet Trade 'Expert' Seeks Trade Agreement Ratification
(NEW LIBERIAN, 19 Nov 82) .csesccssceesecscceecvennseneceee 7
UNIDO, SMBAL, NIC Providing Investment Opportunities
(Charles Gibson; NEW LIBERIAN, 18 Nov 82) ...cssseceseeenes 18

Legal Practitioners Present Resolution To Strengthen Judiciary
(Abdullah Dukuly; DAILY OBSERVER, 19 Nov 82) ...sseeeeeeeee 20

EEC To Provide Aid to Various Projects 1980-1985

(Mlanju Reeves; DAILY OBSERVER, 17 Nov 82) ...... 22

-a- {III - NE & A = 120]



“Until our men are
enlightened enough to do
their share of the unpaid
but basic survival services,
it is not fair to say women
cannot be bothered to be
actively involved in trade
unions, The unions should
help to educate the men.”

The participation of
women should be welcom-
ed by male unionists, “so
that the labour force’s
clout is not weakened by
division”.

Trade ‘unionists should
actively encourage women
to become members and to
hold posts of authority.
They should consider the
_ special needs of women in
organising their meetings.

The seminar, at the
Nedlaw Manpower Tra‘
ing Centre, will last a
week and is/being attended
by about 15 women re-
presenting various’ trade
unions in the country.

Zimbabwe Was ‘An Inspiration’ for Mrs Tutu

CSO:

3400/393

THE amount of work
done by Zimbabwean
women has been- a
source of inspiration
and encouragement
for Mrs Leah Tutu,
the wife of the out-

spoken  secretary-gen-
eral of ; the South
African Council, of

Churches, Bishop Des-

_ mond Tutu.

She returned to Johan-
nesburg yesterday after a
week's stay ir Harare at-

tending the Southern
- African Women’s Con-
ference. .

Although she described
her first visit to Zim-
babwe as being “too
short”, Mrs Tutu had

- enough time to observe

the “tremendous amount
of ‘work made by Zim-
babwean women in
national development ef-
forts”. “

This, she said, would in-
spire her efforts in the
running of a project for
domestic workers — she
organises In Johannesburg

to help the
“these workers.

“Theirs is a double opp-
ression — firstly as work-
ers. without rights, and
. then as black women,” she
told the Herald in an
interview.

Her project aimed at
having domestics recog-
nised as workers in their
own right who were also
entitled to pensions, work-
men’s compensation, un-
employment benefits,
salary ‘increments and
other rights.

Mrs Tutu said the pro-
ject had achieved little,
except for perhaps creat-
ing more awareness about
the plight of these work+

_ ers who were also at the
mercy of their employers.

The conference, whose
theme was Strategies for
Change, had succeeded in
creating an awareness
that the plight of women
was continental — though
varying in different as-
pects.

‘All Mrs Tutu would say
about her husband, was
that he was well and still
could not travel outside
the country since the
South African authorities
confiscated his passport’ in
April.

plight of

102



MANDELA'S APPEAL ON HIS DOCUMENTS FAILS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Dec 82 p 9

{Tex

cso:

t]

BLOEMFONTEIN

missal of an application
regarding’ certain of his
documents. the commis-
sioner of prisons intended
to take into custody.

In the Cape Supreme
Court on October 23,
1980, the Judge President
of the Cape, Mr Justice H
E P Watermeyer and Mr
Justice E M Grosskopf
took the view that the
commissioner had the
power to take Mandela’s
documents into his own
safekeeping.

He said it was imposs-
ible, on the papers before
the court, to set aside the

3400/394

‘on the. grounds of an im-

\-proper-exercise.of discre-
“tion.

- Yesterday, -Mr' Justice
EL Jansen,.with the.con-
currence of Acting Judges
‘of Appeal, Mr. Justice
Trollip and Mr. Justice
Galgut, said the. specific
arguments raised by Man-
dela on appeal appeared
to be largely the same as
those considered by the
lower court.

Mr Justice Jansen was
in substantial agreement
with the views expressed
in that judgment and was
of the view that the pray-
ers in Mandela’s. applica-
tion in regard to the exer-
cise of discretion by the
commissioner were right-
ly dismissed.

The judge also said the

SOUTH AFRICA

fact that Mandela’s-docu-.. .liti

ments were assumed to be
“privileged” did not over-

tide the commissioner's:

> general: powers of taking

articlés . from a: prisoner
and holding them in safe

custody.» -
A further question was
whether such - taking

would not’ infringe Man-
dela’s fundamental right
of access to his legal ad-
viser.

The judge said. that
whatever the position
might be where a prisoner
was. totally prevented
from instructing his legal
adviser, the facts of the
present case did not. con-
stitute such an infringe-
ment.

The documents no
longer concerned a pen-
ding case of contemplated

62

himrin any way.. —Sapa:



EXPORT LICENCES PROVIDE INCOME

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 11 Nov 82 p 20

[Article by Yinka Guedon]

[text]

~NIGERIA _ realised
765,173,506.71 Naira from
export licences between
1979 and September this

ear, Alhaji Bello

aitama Yusuf told
newsmen in Lagos on
Tuesday.

“Some of our exporters
in this category have not
been patriotic enough to
répatriate the foreign ex-
change they realise from
the sales’’, he said.

According to him, the govern-
ment took serious exception to it
and strict measures would be im-
posed to ensure that ‘‘the fruits of
our export trade are used for the
benefit of the economy’’.

On distributive trade, he said
that as at the end of August this
year, 4,375 distributors were ap-
pointed throughout the country.
‘This, he explairied, was t6 make
sure that essential commodities
were made available all over the
country to avoid scarcity and
cheek inflation. or era ae

Ph Nigerian: National S

Company (NNSC). has theretore

vintrédiiced a new distriétmtion:
system: Under the system, which

cso: 3400/336

came into ettect in March.
distributors -were expected to
handle the distribution of the
company’s goods in addition to
the existing channels of distribu-

tion.

Trade agreements, he said, had
also been concluded with Gabon
Ethiopia, Ivory Coast, Kenya,
Cameroun, Bulgaria, China.
Hungary and Turkey since 1979
for the exportation of our goods.

‘The minister also said the trade
deficit of over two billion (2,044
million) Naira suffered by the na-
tion in 1981 should not be blamed
on anyone.

“The deficit was purely as a
result of a total world economic

recession with particular
reference to oil glut issue’’ he
declared.

“But the trade deficit of 1981 is
bound to be reduced considerably

) as a result of the present auster!-
sty measures’ he said.

 Also.as.a_result of he git glut.

: salerof

i. revenue
percent.
Rent of" the

country’s revenue is got from oil.
i The minister said industrializ-
‘ed countries like England, Brazil
and U.S. suffer similar problem
and that even Japan has a deficit

48

NIGERIA

of 22 billion Naira.

“So under the present circum:
tances. Nigeria is doing com
paratively well regarding word
economy’ he adduced. '

His breakdown showed that the
total value of imports in 1979 was
6,169.2 million Naira, while expori
stood, at 10,379.6 million, leaving
a trade surplus of 4.210.4 million.
Naira.

In 1980, the situation improved

turther when the value of im ports
was 9,059.6 million Naira, while
that of exports was 14,198.7
million Naira, the surplus for that
year was comfortable figure of
5,039.1 million Naira.
But in 1981, the surpluses
shown in the two preceding years
did not only disappear but were
replaced with a deficit of 2,044.7
million Naira,” he said.

Therefore, the total value of the
country’s import. in 1981 was
12,919.6 million Naira, while that
of exports was 10,874.9 million
Naira.

Furthermore, he said, ‘nineral
oil continues to dominate the ex-
port trade. In 1979, it aceounted
for 95.2 per cent of total exports at
9,894.6 million Naira.

‘And in 1980 and 1981 it yielded
96 per cent or 13,632.3 million ant
96.9 per cent or 10,533.6 millions
respectively.



OBOTE'S MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC PROBLEMS DISCUSSED

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English No 23, 17 Nov 82 pp 5-6

[text]

There are many who would argue that President
Milton Obote might yet turn out to be a better finance
minister in charge of the country’s economic fortunes
than as a president charged with moulding a political re-
generation.

When he became president for the second time,
Uganda’s problems were as clear as they were daunting.
At independence in 1962 Uganda had a sound agriculture-
based economy whose potential for growth and
diversification was considerable. The years immediately
after independence had been years of real if not
spectacular economic growth. Even the non-agricultural
sectors of the economy were promising. Uganda had the
most viable economy in East Africa. Then came eight
years of Idi Amin, A whole generation of Ugandans lost
sight of honesty and justice.

That was Obote’s inheritance in December 1980. But
he was ‘elected’ with the help of considerable rigging,
which particularly alienated the Baganda, the majority
southern tribe which had traditionilly provided Uganda
with its management class. Without Baganda support,
Obote’s already difficult task was in jeopardy.

He has since made little or no progress in restoring
Jaw and order. In many areas of the country, particularly
in the West Nile district in the north of the country and
in Buganda in the south, the value of life is as cheap
today as it was in the darkest days of Amin’s rule. The
army remains the biggest threat. Poorly disciplined,
largely illiterate and badly paid, it continues to unleash a
reign of terror. In rural areas whole communities have
been decimated by rampaging soldiers who pillage and
loot with enthusiasm.

Obote and his ministers have repeatedly denied the
almost endless well-authenticated and eye-witness
accounts of these gruesome atrocities. They have
accused the international media of a campaign of slander
against the government. It is difficult to see what is in it
for the international media. But it is clear that unless
Obote can discipline the army, all hopes of economic

97

UGANDA



EEC TO PROVIDE AID TO VARIOUS PROJECTS 1980-1985

Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 17 Nov 82 pp 1, 10

[article by Mlanju Reeves]

[text]

cso:

The ten-nation European Economic Community (EEC) is
to give between 25 to 27 million U.S. dollars to Liberia for
various projects throughout the country.

Mr. Jochen Krebs, an
economist at EEC’s Liberia
office in Monrovia, who an-
nounced this in an interview
with the Daily Observer
yesterday, said that the
money will be given between
1980 and 1985 under EEC’s
aid package to Liberia.

He noted that the original
aid package of a little more
than the $27 million had had
to be reduced in accordance
{witha internationals currency

lations<: batisU

that the EEC would give
Liberia $35 million were in-

accurate.

He said aid given by EEC
to developing countries is ex-
pressed in European Curren-
cy Unit (ECU).

According. to Mr. Krebs,
the aid to Liberia was ap-
proved at a conference of the
EEC before the rise in the US
dollar on the world market,

3400/366

 Whichied -tezthe EGU: being
Gevahied: by.-about+-t0-- per
CONben as F

The EEC official disclosed
that in the past, one ECU
{was equivalent to one U.S.
dollar.

About aid to other
developing countries, Mr.
Krebs noted that a com-
prehensive aid package was
given to all developing coun-
tries at the Lome II conven-
tion.

Latest EEC proposals will
double EEC aid by devoting
1-10000 of Gross National
Product (GNP) to develop-
ing countries, Mr. Krebs
said.

On EEC’s participation in
Liberia, Mr. Krebs hinted
that the Community will help
finance a number of pro-
jects, including the Buto Oil

22

LIBERIA

Palm Project in Sinoe Coun-
ty, coffee and cocoa projects
and also offer scholarships
/and assistance to the
| Ministry of Planning and
Economic Affairs, among
| other things.

Talks

Mr. Krebs was particularly
optimistic about the Buto Oil
Palm Project and said when
the project had been fully
developed, it will give huge
revenues to government.

He also said that talks are
presently taking place at the
Ministry of Planning and
‘Economic Affairs in
Monrovia to identify other

priority projects in which
EEC can offer a helping
hand.



LIBERIA

UNIDO, SMBAL, NIC PROVIDING INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 18 Nov 82 pp 3, 6

[Article by Charles Gibson]

[Excerpt]

Forty Potential investment
opportunities have been made
available to interested Li-
berian businessmen in. the
light manufacturing and
processing Industries.

The investment opportuni-
ties are being made possible
by the United Nations Indus-
trial Developmental Organi-—
zation (UNIDO), through the
joint efforts of the Small
Medium Business Association
of Liberia (SMRAL), and the
National Investment Commis-
sion (NIC).

“According to the Managing
pireeters “eherhdseclatson
(SMBRLY “SOS BrBhIRE" Reba,

available ¥unds’’ to“sponsor
the first ten businesses
which include light indus-
tries for the processing of
Mosquito coils, poultry feed
and fruits, and vegetables
preservation and canning
(tomato paste, Pineapple
juice etc).

18

Funds are also available
to establish industries for
the manufacturing of carbon
paper, foot wear (ruber -and
leather), steel bars and
rods, Aluminium housing
utensils and Agriculture and
household knives, Kaba
said. :

The establishment of small
iron foundry and -jelectroplae
ting and metal finishing
plants are also ready to be
funded, he added.

According to Dr. Kaba, the
only criteria set for in-
terested businessmen to
meet, in acquiring loan to
engage in any of the pro-
posed industries, is to have
on hand 20 percent cf the
total cost of the invest-
ment. —

He said SMBAL has obliga-
ted itself to conduct feasi-~
bility studies and provide
technical assistance for in-
terested businessmen, wish-



SOUTHERN AFRICAN WOMEN'S CONFERENCE HELD IN HARARE

Harare THE HERALD in English 23 Nov 82 p 11

[Text]

THE findings “of the
Women in Southern
Africa conference,
held in Harare last
week, will be sent to
the Ministry of Com-
munity Development
and Women’s Affairs
for distribution to
other Sadce govern:

ments.

The delegates decided
on this course of ‘action
after realising that the
conference had heen priv-
ately. sponsored by the
African-American" Insti-
tute and was not officially
organised -by Sadec mem-
ber states.

Although most delegates
held senior positions in

their countries and liber-
ation movements, they
were not official represent-
atives and had come as a
result of invitations from
the AAI.

‘They were worried about
whom to report to and
said the involvement of an
American _ organisation

might be an obstacle to
government recognition.

The AAT representative
from New York, Ms Gay-
la Cook, cenied’ that her
organisation had any: ul-
‘terior motive and said it
had offered to finance the
conference after women
in the region had shown
interest io organising
themselves to look after
their interests,

Comprehensive . discus-
sions were held on topics
such as: Women in the
political’ economy ‘of
Southern Africa; why
policy-makers don’t take
women seriously; how the

ZIMBABWE

law oppresses women; and
experiences of women be-
fore, during and after the
liberation struggles.

_ ‘The conference aimed at
studying the facts of
women’s lives in the region
as well as strategies for
change.

The delegates were all
influential people in their
communities, governments
and liberation movements
so there was mo reason to

believe that their personal

xperiences at the confer-

nce would not benefit
their countries.

Cde Isabella Nkavedeka,
of the Mozambique
Women's Organisation,
agreed, saying:

“We are sure that the
exchange of experiences
will avail us a means of
strengthening. - solidarity
between our people.”

Statistics on 'Idle' Women Misleading, Congress Told

women are economically
inactive" were misleading.

“This is said in spite of
the fact that women work
very hard to support their
families in the production
of food and in the overall
care for the children and
home.”

‘Most women's work was
unpaid and therefore not
quantified or given eco-
nomic value.

On the marginal actiy-
ity of women in trade

{ unions, she said a workiag
woman who was a wife
and mother could find it
difficult to involve herself
in unionism,

ALTHOUGH women form
51 percent of the country's
population, they are just
6 ‘percent’ of the paid
labour, force, a deputy
secretary in the Ministry |
of Community Develop-

ment and Women’s Affairs,
Cde Sarah Kachingwe,
said yesterday.

Opening a congress on
women’s participation in
trade unions, organised in
Harare by the ZCTU and
the African - American
Labour Centre, she said
statements such as “80
percent of Zimbabwe's

101



PHYSICIANS END THREE WEEK 'GO SLOW' IN MONROVIA

Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 15 Nov 82 pp 1, 10

[Excerpt]

The Government of the People’s Redemption Council has
responded favorably to a number of demands by the
country’s medical doctors in regards to working conditions
and fringe benefits, thus enabling more than hundred doctors
to end their three-week “‘go-slow’’ at the John F. Kenriedy

Medical Center in Monrovia.

Informed sources have
told the Daily, Observer,
however, that the issues of
increased salaries and certain
other -demarids:nida& by the
doctors age being ‘“‘looked in-
to”, by a_spedjal :committee
appointed by Government.

The committee, which. is
chaired by the Minister of
Health and Social Welfare,
Mrs. Martha Sendolo-Belleh,
has been mandated to review
the entire structure of the

“Medical Center and other in-

stitutions so that its recom-
mendations will affect all
doctors, health workers and
hospitals in the country. ~

Concessions

According to our sources,
the doctors have,

30

been grarited a tax exemption
of 25 per cent of their gross
salary. Their gasoline

allowance has also been
restored to the July level.
This means that consultants

Government has promised
to fele: fe. regularly the allot-
faeft 4forSdrugs and other
supplies at the J.F.K.
Medical Center and to treat
public medical institutions,
as priority, according to one
source.

Concessions are being
negotiated with the National
Port Authority on the
storage of medical equip-
ment and supplies, and the
Head of State has granted
overdraft facilities to the
level of $700,000 for both the

LIBERIA



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

DEVALUATION BELIEVED 'INEVITABLE'--Specualtion on the "inevitability" of a
devaluation of the Zimbabwe dollar, at present considered much overvalued in
relation to other currencies, is stronger than ever in financial circles.
Several economists and business executives believe that the dollar will be
devalued or realigned by about 20% within the next five or six weeks. But
several said this in itself would not be sufficient to help remedy Zimbabwe's
present economic problems and that "other measures" would have to be taken in
conjunction with devaluation. Reasons given were that the over-valued
Zimbabwe dollar was hampering exports and trade abroad at present. Its de-
valuation would ensure that exports earned more money which was essential in
order to pay the wages of workers in this country. Although there might be a
tendency towards further inflation as imports essential for production would
become more expensive, the spokesman said that other measures could be taken
to control that problem. Devaluation would also affect interest and other
payments sent abroad. "All I can tell you is that devaluation is essential
if the country is to avoid bankruptcy. It has got to happen, together with
other measures, in the near future," said an economist. Representatives of
the International Monetary Fund, who previously visited Zimbabwe, are be=
lieved to have made a return visit recently to discuss financial matters with
the Government. [Text] [Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 19 Nov 82
p 1j

TIRE SHORTAGE--Problems caused by a drastic shortage of tyres and tubes, on
top of the present fuel cuts, are slowing down Zimbabwe's transport fleet

and affecting all sectors of commerce, industry and farming. The shortage

is due to heavy cuts in foreign currency quotas for the essential imported
raw materials to make or retread tyres. It is particularly affecting certain
types of tyres for medium and heavy transport vehicles and tractors. Bus
companies, freight and removal companies and earthmoving firms all report
shortages of essential tyres and it is believed it is also affecting the
Zimbabwe National Army, although it is given priority in tyre supplies. The
three tyre companies, Dunlop Zimbabwe, which is linked with the India Tyres
Zimbabwe company, and the Goodyear Zimbabwe group, which has an agreement
with Dunlop to manufacture tyres under licence for Goodyear, all report a
serious shortage. [Excerpt] [Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 19 Nov
82 p 1]

lll



NIGERIA

BRIEFS

WARNING ON HIRING ALIENS--Bauchi State Head of Civil Service Ahlhaji Shekarau
Umar has warned government ministries and departments against appointing
foreigners into the state service without clearance from the Governor's
Office, The warning was contained in a circular dated November 2 and
addressed to all heads of departments in the state, The circular reads:
"Your attention is hereby drawn for information and guidance. You are
reminded that offer of appointment to any foreign national must first be
cleared with the Special Services Department of the Governor's Office."
The circular directed that should there be any doubt as to the authenticity
of any certificate, references for clearance must be made with the Special
Services Department, Copies of the circular were sent to the Principal
Private Secretary to the Governor, Chief of Domestic Staff, Secretary to
the Government, all permanent secretaries, heads of extra ministerial
departments and chief executive of parastatals. [text] [Kaduna NEW
NIGERIAN in English 11 Nov 82 p 20]

CZECHS CRITICIZED--A Czechoslovakian firm--Czechoslovakia Foreign Trade
Corporation--is allegedly siphoning large sums of money out of the country
by using fictitious Czechoslovakian names to obtain foreign exchange, The
Bauchi State Head of Service, Alhaji Shekarau Umar made the allegation in a
circular dated November 9, 1982, The circular said the company increased
the number of its foreign personnel and also paid fictitious staff huge
salaries several times higher than what they got in their home country.
According to the circular, many more foreign firms were involved in this
practice in order to get as much foreign exchange as possible which would
then be remitted to their home countries, The circular warned all minis-
tries, departments and parastatals doing business with "these European
countries, particularly Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria, to guard against their
illegal activities. [Text] [Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 13 Nov 82 p 16]

CSO: 3400/336

54



DUTCH BUY LOCAL MAIZE FOR ZAMBIA

Harare THE HERALD in English 23 Nov 82 p 1

[Text]

cso:

THE Dutch government has
bought more than 30000 ton-
nes of Zimbabwean maize for
Zambia, Holland's Ambassador to
Zimbabwe, Mr Abraham Louis
Schneiders, said yesterday.

He told the Herald that
$8762 tonnes of maize, worth
about $43. million, would be
delivered soon to Zambia under
the Dutch government’s aid pro-
grammes to the SADCC and
other developing countries.

“This is the third time we
have bought similar quantities of
Zimbabwean maize. The other
recipients of our aid in this
form were Mozambique and
Tanzania and we hope to con-
tinue assisting neighbouring
_countries in this way.”

The Dutch government naa
pledged about $15 million for
development projects, plus “other
forms of aid”, to SADCO coun-
tries.

“Zimbabwe plays a crucial
role in the development of the
entire region because of its
sound agricultural potential and
ability to produce enough food
for export,” he said in an inter-
view.

Part of the Dutch ald to
SADCC_ countries had been
allocated to developing the port
of Beira and rebuilding the
Pungwe River bridge in Mozam-
bique, The bridge was blown up
by the MNR bandits.

Other programmes included
the participation by Dutch com-
panies in joint ventures with

3400/393

local companies, agricultural and
technical projects and other
development schemes, said Mr
Schneiders.

Recently, about 5000 tonnes
of fertiliser, _worth about
$127000, arrived in Zimbabwe
under the commodity import pro-
gramme between the two coun-
tries.

“This is part of a consign-
ment of about 15000 tonnes ef
fertiliser between two Zimba-
bwean companies and one Dutch
company from the Netherlands
government,

“We hope both our countries
will benefit from this scheme as
well as: the entire SADCC re-
gion, We have also sent some
equipment for recombining
powdered milk which was given
to this country by the EEC.

“We have also imported large
quantities of tobacco, minerals
and other items from Zimba-
bwe.”

An agreement for a joint
| Venture between a Zimbabwean
engineering company and the
largest Dutch engineering firm
was signed recently. _

“The agreement concluded
between Cochranes and VMF-
Stork marked the development
of trade relations between the
| two, countries,

“Zimbabwe _will__ import
vehicle spare ‘parts and kits and
most of these items will come
through the new venture. This
will also include Stork pumps
and other items for the whole
region.”

108

ZIMBABWE



PROFESSOR HITS OUT AT GOVERNMENT RACIAL DISCRIMINATION
Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 1 Dec 82 p 3
[Article by Sam Mabe]

[Text]

TWO blacks, one from Soweto and the other from Atteridge-
ville were among 185 University of Witwatersrand medical
“students who were present at a glittering graduation cere-
‘mony this week. .

A former school teacher from Orlando West, Mr Joel Skosana and

Mr Peter Mabe of Atteridgeville were conferred with degrees of Bache- .

lor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery at the university’s Great Hall

on Monday night.

Delivering a gradua-
tion address, Professor
Phillip Tobias, dean of
*the Faculty of Medicine
* at Wits said the new pro-
,posals on political
change did not provide
any morally defensible
solution to South Afri-
‘ca’s problems.

He said the proposals
failed because they en-
trenched ethnicity and
also omit 70 percent of
the country’s population
from consideration.

On change in the edu-
cational system and
“structure, he said:

“There can be no mean-
ingful change in society
_ Without a major re-
vamping of the educa-
tional structure and the

+ removal equality,
| division, deprivation
and racial obsession that
‘have for too long bede-
villed our schools, col-

‘Jeges and universities.
“The educational sys-
tem will_never_be set
Tight until the socio-
economic and -political
fabric of South Africa is
reshaped. It would be
short-sighted to think
that we can effectively
struggle for educational
} yeform when the social
/ content of our schools
© and universities remain
, Tiddled with inequity.”
Prof Tobias con-
\ demned the laws which
prevented black stu-
dents from doing medi-
cine at white universi-
ties.

72

SOUTH AFRICA

If the laws were to be
done away with, blacks
! would not be faced with
{the unjust and discrimi-
natory burden of nego-
tiating a double hurdle
_—— the universities’ ad-
mission procedures and
the need to obtain
ministerial consent.

White medical stu-
dents can study at five
medical schools in three
provinces, whereas
blacks had only two to
which. they could apply
and be admitted freely
— Durban and Me-
dunsa.

This, he said, ac-
counted for the fact that
only three ~ percent of
doctors who graduated
in South Africa in the
last 15 years were black.



LIBERIA

ACTING FOREIGN MINISTER GIVES DETAILS OF STATE CAR SALE PLAN

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 18 Nov 82 pp 1, 6

[Article by Sam H. Johnson]

[Text]

der the state
option to make

salary deduction

signed them.

car sale
down
for

Prospective buyers (government officials) un-
scheme will have the
payment or pay
government vehicles as-

through

. Acting’ Finance Minister John Bestman in an
interview with the NEW LIBERIAN Wednesday said

in the event that

an Official chooses not to

purchase the vehicle assigned him,others will

be given the opportunity.

The car sale scheme pro-
posed to the PRC early this
year by the Finance Ministry,
is to be effected by next
January 1, according to a
statement Monday by the Coun-
cil announcing further mea-—
sures to curtail government
expenditures.

Under phase one of the pro-
gram, a committee comprising
the General Services Agency
(GSA), and the Ministries of
Finance and Justice is to
appraise the worth of all
_vehicles assigned government
officials.

24

The committee will later
prepare documents relative
to the sale of these vehictes.
The cars will be priced And
sold as is. ~

Each Ministry and Agency,
Bestman pointed out, would be
requl¥ea errs ‘GSA with
a listing of all, vehicles and
acsigedeenie i

Officials to whom cars are
assigned wouldhave to declare
their intention whether or
not to buy the vehicles. The
vehicles will be purchased at
50 percent of the appraised
value, according to Minister



SWAZILAND

SERIOUS UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM FACES NATION
Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 23 Nov 82 p 4

[Text] Unemployment is undoubtedly one of the most serious problems facing
the Swazi nation, amid reports that a growing number of companies in the
country are being forced to retrench workers because of the recession that is
hitting everybody very hard these days.

Apparently there are no easy solutions to this problem which is by no means
perculiar to Swaziland.

The Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Swaziland's
Luyengo Campus, Professor Glenn Magagula, recently presented a paper on un~
employment as it relates to the rural areas and following are some of the
points he raised.

"High and chronic unemployment, particularly among the youth and unskilled
people living in the rural areas, coupled with a relatively high population
growth rate have emerged over the past few years as Swaziland's most pressing
economic and social problems," Professor Magagula told a Faculty of Social
Sciences "Research in Swaziland" lecture series at Kwaluseni on November 12.

"Though data on unemployment in the rural areas of Swaziland are unavailable,
there are strong indications that rural unemployment particularly on Swazi
nation land is widespread," Professor Magagula said.

He continued: "Given the annual rate of outflow of the rural labour force
seeking for jobs in the urban industrial and mining sectors, and given the
amount of unemployment on the Swazi Nation land, one can right postulate
that unemployment is a prevalent phenomenon on the Swazi Nation Land.

Strategy

"In early decades of development, employment objectives were often treated as
a by-product of economic growth which emphasised industrialisation as a lead-
ing sector. It was assumed that an appropriate strategy for development was
to allow a constant transferrence of labour from the rural areas to be
absorbed by an ever-expanding urban industrial sector until rural wage
equates the value of the marginal product of rural labour.

90



CAMEROON

SITUATION FOR NEW GOVERNMENT ANALYZED
London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English No 23, 17 Nov 82 pp 1-3
[Article: "Cameroun: Trouble Below Deck")

{Text]

A latent political and social crisis forced the abdica-
tion of President Ahmadou Ahidjo. Officially, the
explanation was the rapid deterioration of his health.
If Ahidjo was known to be afflicted with a number of
illnesses, they alone cannot justify his decision. We
understand that his son, Mohammadou Ahidjo, was in
Paris in September and made no secret that his father
was on the verge of retiring. The final decision was taken
in early November at the presidential hideaway near the
town of Grasse in southern France. Before returning to
the Cameroun, Ahidjo went to Paris where he confirmed
the rumours with senior French officials.

Westerners familiar with Camerounian affairs were
astonished by his retirement. Most Camerounians
expected that he would go only towards the end of his
fifth presidential term of office, perhaps late 1983 or
early 1984, However, jostling among the regime’s ambi-
tious young technocrats, and regional tensions, had
already reached a potentially dangerous pitch. By
retiring, Ahidjo has at least temporarily defused circum-
stances which threatened to destabalise his government.
Now, as the grand old man of Camerounian politics,
ensconced in his northern fief of Garoua, Ahidjo can
ensure that his political heritage is respected. If his
successor, 46 year-old Paul Biya, seeks to strike an
independent course, political and ethnic pressures could
well be complicated by Ahidjo’s presence.

Biya, from the Boulou sub-group of the Beti tribe,
itself an offshoot of the Fang people now in power in
neighbouring Equatorial Guinea and the chief opposition
force in Gabon, hails from the centre-southern part of
the country. Named prime minister in 1975, it was only
the 1979 constitutional amendment which made him the



RESERVE BANK OFFICIAL ON ECONOMIC RECOVERY

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Dec 82 p 17

{Article by Patrick McLoughlin:

[Text]

THE ECONOMY’S fev-
er was broken and it had
only to complete its con-
valescence before it could
again step up its activity,
the head of the economics
department of the Re-
serve Bank, Dr C J de
Swardt, said yesterday.

Dr De Swardt, who was
speaking in Johannesburg
at a seminar of the Insti-
tute of Personnel Man-
agement, said at the mo-
ment South Africa found
itself in the middle of an
economic downswing and
the indications were that
the economic scene
continue to be domingted
‘by recessionary condit
vions nextyear 96%

However, if one ac-
cepted the existence of
the business cycle, it was
at least certain that an
economic downswing
would always be followed
by an upswing.

“The present recession
should, therefore, not
deter us from preparing
ourselves well in advance,

“not only for the next up-
swing, but also for longer-
term economic expan-
sion,” Dr De Swardt said.

CSO: 3400/362

The. current downswing
had been triggered by the
fecession in trading-part-
jBer countries. This hap:

{pened at a.time when. the
South. African - economy
was strongly’ overheated
and it served to empha-
sise the need for a down-
ward adjustment of ex-
cessive domestic demand.

In order to encourage
this adjustment monet:
ary and fiscal policy had
to become more restric-
tive and had to be tighten-
ed even more when it
turned out that the reces-
sion in the industrial
countries. would be of a
much longer duration and
also more severe than had
been anticipated.

Given unfavourable de-
velopments in South Afri-
ea, the question arose na-

ay wheter pete yas

er
gn appropriate” remedy
malase

i “More, jai;
the question is whether
the situation cannot be
remedied by a change in
economic policy,” Dr De

Swardt added.
Under prevailing | cir-
cumstances, two broad

economic policy options
may be considered, he
said.

73

Firstly, the economy
could be stimulated, for
example by means of in-
creased government ex-
penditure financed by
bank credit and through
other forms of expendi-
ture in general.

It would be fairly easy
to reverse the present de-
line in domestic expendi-
‘ture, but only at'a certain
cost.

Any attempted econ-
omic upswing of this
nature, however, could
only be short-lived and
could not form part of a
sustainable longer-term
growth in the economy.

The second broad poli-
cy option was to perse-
vere with the existing
policy in order to ease the
balance of payments and
inflationary strains in the
economy.

At present, Dr De
Swardt said, the country
had. to face the realities
that the balance of pay-
ents was still in: deficit,
i a* large
E term for-
"Sign fepaid and
that the inflation rate was
still inordinately high.

“Unfortunately, the

SOUTH AFRICA

"A Prescription for SA's Economic I11s"]

principal aims of econom-
ic policy, namely balance
of payments equilibrium,
price stability and the
promotion of economic
growth, cannot be
achieved simultaneously
under the present circum-
stances,” Dr De Swardt
said.

“Undoubtedly, we
have to accept this policy
option, even if it means
that in the short-term we
will have to sacrifice
economic growth and en-
counter increased unem-
ployment.”

Only in this way could
the country lay a sound
base for sustainable long-
er-term economic growth.

Maintaining the exist-
ing policy stance did not
mean that economic poli-
cy measures had to be
tightened further.

‘Nor. did .it mean that

policy would not be
adapted "flexibly "to
changes in the underlying
economic situation.
'- Both the Minister of Fi-
‘nance and the Governor
‘of the Reserve Bank had
indicated that they were
satisfied that current poli-
‘cy measures were now
achieving the ‘desired ef-
fect. he said.



SABA-SPONSORED BREAD BOYCOTT GROWS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 29 Nov 82 p 5

[Text]

THE WHITE bread boy-
cott campaign initiated
by the South African
Black Alliance (Saba) is
gaining momentum as
many shopowners in So-
weto are stocking 50 per-
cent less white bread
than usual.

This was revealed in a
snap survey undertaken
by The SOWETAN in
the area.

The Maponya Supply
Store in Dube, which
used to stock 12 dozen
loaves of white bread
during the week, are
only stocking 6 dozen at
present. During the
weekend they are now
stocking 15 dozen loaves
instead of 25 which is an
average decrease of 45
to 50 percent.

CsO: 3400/394

A spokesperson at the
store said many people
no longer bought white
bread as before, but she

‘did not think it was be-
cause of the boycott.
She attributed the drop
in sales of this basic
commodity to the high
cost of living.

At Duba Duba stores
a spokesman said they
stocked very little white

“bread because'many
speople no longer bought
it.

| over the past four weeks
‘and we felt it was a
waste of money to stock
something which the
consumer did not buy.
; “When asked if this was
due to the boycott he
agreed that people
seemed to be respond-
ing positively to this call.

“"Our’ sales” dropped

Mr Gibson Thula, an
executive member of In-
katha, said the findings
of The SOWETAN cor-
_tesponded with their re-
ports concerning the
boycott.

“We had a meeting on
Wednesday and the re-
ports we got from va-
tious members of our

“committee show that
considerable progress is
being made in this cam-

3: Paign.

“We wish to extend
our appreciation to all
organisations and indi-
viduals who are also tak-
fing part in this cam-
;paign. The campaign
will continue until some-
thing urgent is done to
‘reduce this price,” he
said.

79

SOUTH AFRICA

Saba launched the
white bread boycott
after the- Government-
increased the price of
white bread to 53 cents a
‘loaf, a price which Inka-
tha officials as well as
athe leadership of most
:Corisumer’ organisations
_agreed-was too high. —

People have now;
turned to homemade
,and brown bread and,

) even school children
; have come out in sup-
[ port of the boycott.

; ._In Mohlakeng town-
‘ship traders told The
SOWETAN that local
| students had been cam-
| paigning ‘from shop to,
Shop warning them not |
-to allow bakeries to!
; bring white bread: into’
their shops.



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

"UNHCR' OFFICIAL INTERVIEWED ON REFUGEE PROBLEM
AB280936 Paris AFP in English 0851 GMT 28 Nov 82
[Article by Bernard Degioanni]

[Text] Yaounde, 28 Nov (AFP)--Out of the world's 10 million refugees or
"displaced persons" more than half live in Africa, where one refugee in
every two is under 15 years old, according to a high official of the United
Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR).

Maxime Leopold Zollner, director of the UNHCR's assistance programmes, told
AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE that to avoid these people become "refugees for life"
they should, if possible, be settled in the country where they have fled or
in third countries if they cannot be returned to their original homes.

The Horn of Africa is still the area of most concern for the UNHCR, with more
than 1.2 million refugees from Ethiopia registered as living in either
Somalia (700,000), Sudan (500,000) or Djibouti (40,000).

However, these figures refer only to those who have been recorded by interna-
tional bodies and who live in camps where they are provided with aid, as in
Somalia, or in "rural cities" specially established for them, as in Sudan,
Mr Zoliner stressed.

Other states which have a high proportion of refugees are Zaire (60,000
Ugandans and 30,000 Angolans), Angola (70,000 Namibians, 15,00 Zaireans and
5,000 South Africans) and Rwanda (30,000 Ugandans). Others are Botswana,
Lesotho, Mozambique and Zambia.

Mr Zollner noted that thousands of Ugandans and Rwandans, anxious to escape
harrassment in Uganda, had been unable to get into Rwanda for several weeks,
because of the decision by Rwandan authorities-~already struggling with a
serious overpopulation problem--to close the borders.

"They are now living in the frontier zone between the two states, where the
UNHCR has established an assistance programme," Mr Zoliner said.

However, he added, such outright refusal to take refugees was rarer in Africa
than elsewhere, "notably because of the continent's traditions of hospitality."



FIRST ENTIRELY SOLAR-POWERED HOSPITAL BECOMES OPERATIONAL

Harare THE HERALD in English 22 Nov 82 p 1

[Text]

cso:

THE first entirely solar-powered hospital in Southern Africa
became operational in Zimbabwe at the weekend.

The “witch on” was performed by the Minister of Industry and
Energy Development, Dr Simba Makoni, in a ceremony at Mary Mount

‘Hospital, north-east of
Harare, in the Rushinga
district. ‘

The $100 000 solar plant
‘was installed as part of
the programme of French
reconstruction aid to Zim-
babwe.

Speaking at the cere-
mony, Cde Makoni said
that.’ energy resources

developed and mot taken
for granted.

He said people unconsci-
ously used energy every
day without really think-
ing about it or where it
came from,

Thanking the French
government, he said the
‘unit would ‘help the hospi-
ta] maintain medicines at
correct temperatures.

“The energy belongs to
the people and it must be
used for their benefit. It
should mever be used for
the benefit of those in top
positions here.

“We must guard this
hospital jealously so that
the services we now have
may last for many years,”
said Cde Makoni,

3400/393

\ have enough energy
should be preserved and !
~ Makoni said.

“With solar energy, we
no longer need to transport
electricity to remote areas
over many costly kilo-
metres,

“It is now time to ask
ourselves whether we will
for
our everyday use,” Cde

“We must organise so
that we get enough energy
for our present and future
requirements,” he said.

Outlining the policies of
his ministry, he said it
Was developing a national
energy policy which would
ensure that every part of

‘the country would have

one form of energy or an-
other,

“We are trying to deter-
mine how many of our peo-
ple use either petrol, coal,
wood, electricity or any
other form of energy.

“There will come a time
when resources like coal
and oil will be exhausted
and so we must try to find
other means of getting

107

energy from new and re-
newable energy resources,”
he said.

‘The Ministry.of Industry
and Energy Development
was investigating rivers
such as the Mazowe, the
Shashi and the Sabi to
determine whether they
could be harnessed for
electricity.

The ministry would soon
establish, in all 55 districts,
centres where the use of
biogas would be demon-
strated and developed.

“We are trying to de-
velop woodlands because
they are getting fewer and
fewer. We want to farm
trees just as we do maize,”
he said.

‘The French Ambassador
to Zimbabwe, Mr Gabriel
de Bellescize, said Zimba-
bwe and France had many
things in common in that
they wanted to improve
the downtrodden, and to
further policies to bene-
fit the poor.

Zimbabwe had already
taken a lead in the de-
velopment of renewable
and non-polluting en-
ergies, but a lot still had
| to be ‘done.

“You have .also per-
ceived the importance of
solar energy, especially in
rural areas. This is why,
when we decided to orien-
tate our aid, we were con-
vinced that’ solar energy
should “be an important

Felement in this co-opera-

on.” ,

ZIMBABWE



SPARKS EXPECTED AS SANDTON DISCUSSES COLOURED TOWNSHIP

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Dec 82 p 13

[text]

cso:

3400/362

SPARKS are expected'to
fly at the Sandton Town
Council’s monthly meet-
ing on Monday night be-
cause of a proposal to'es-
tablish a Coloured town-
ship in the area.

Sources close to the
council told: The Citizen
the Progressive Federal
- Party-controlled Manage-
ment Committee would
put the proposal to’-the
council on Monday.

The chairman of the
management committee,
‘Mr Rick Valente, would
not comment on the mat-
ter yesterday.

Sandton is one of the
twoPFP-controlled | mu-
nicipalities on the Wit-
watersrand (the other is
Randburg). The PFP
took eight of the 12 seats
on the council in the
March municipal elec-
tions.

The other four town
councillors are all inde-
pendents. It is believed
that they will strenuously
oppose the proposal.

At last month’s town
council meeting, | the

council repudiated ~a
Transvaal Municipal As- )
sociation report in which
any form of power-shar-
ing with Indians and
Coloureds .on the local
government ‘level: ws ae
5 ‘Had Bes
accepted unanimously’ “at
a recent TMA meeting
despite the fact the Sand-
ton had been represented
there.
* It later appeared that
Sandton’s two representa-
tives, Independent coun-
cillor Mr Bill Hedding
land town clerk Mr.Jack
rst aa tena’
pe

ae sagsled at
last month’sbetinicil meet-
ing.’ that: “Sagetnoa’.. was
| looking at the possibility
of having Indian rep-
| resentation on the coun-
veil.
‘The Indian community
:at<present lives in Wyn-
berg but is expected to
move to Marlboro Gar-
dens, which falls under
‘the jurisdiction of the
>Sandton Town Council,
in future.

77

SOUTH AFRICA



WE CAN LEARN FROM CHINESE PRESS, SAYS NDHLOVU

Harare THE HERALD in English 20 Nov 82 p 5

[Text]

forming their society through the media.

cso:

He was speaking after
returning from a recent
visit to China where he
was invited to study how
that country introduced
ideological debate among

people. -

Accompanied by the
Editor of the Herald, Cde
Farayi Munyuki and the
director-general of the
ZBC, Cde Tirivavi Kangai,
Cde Ndhlovu visited news
agencies, newspaper offi-
ces, broadcasting stations,
historical monuments and
toured factories, co-opera-
tives and development
projects,

“Journalists in China
have ‘the proper orienta-
tion, are patriotic and
know what they write
about to communicate
effectively with the
people,” he told the
Herald.

Because of their com-
mitment to the de-
velopment of their coun-
try, journalists had pro-
moted the policies of the
party and Government

3400/393

and helped to make China
what it is today.

“They have managed to
promote revolutionary
change in the way they
wrote their articles be-
cause they had the right
ideology and commitment
to their nation.”

At. newspaper offices
they visited they found
that the editors were top
members of the party, This
had helped the media to
follow the right policies
and Ideologies for the be-

‘nefit of the people.

“An editor of one daily
newspaper we visited is a
central committee mem-
ber of the party and the
director-general -of a
broadcasting station is a
Deputy Minister of In-
formation. This shows
why journalists in China
have managed to fulfil
their national objectives.”

Ce Ndhlovu said the
All China Journalists’ As-
sociation was interested in
‘establishing a permanent
link with the Union of
Zimbabwean Journalists.

103

ZIMBABWE

An assistant director in the Department of Information, Cde Charles
Ndhlovu, has praised journalists in China for the role they played in trans-

They were also inter-

<ested in having a per-

manent Zimbabwean cor-
respondent in China’ since
both countries were fol-
lowing the same path to
socialism. »

“We delivered this mes-
sage to. the Minister of In-
formation, Posts and
Telecommunications, Dr
Nathan Shamuyarira. It is
necessary to exchange
professional ideas and
communication — systems
with other socialist coun-
tries.”

In reply to a question,
Cade Ndhlovu said journal-
Asts in Zimbabwe had a lot
to learn from their
Chinese counterparts.
They should ‘understand
the ‘policies and ideology
of the ruling party and
the Government to com-
municate effectively with
the people.

On the _ broadcasting
media, Cde Ndhlovu said
his delegation was im-
pressed with the way the
stations there “used avail-
able resources”:



QUARTERLY RISE IN FOREIGN ASSETS REPORTED

Mbabane THE SWAZI OBSERVER in English 20 Nov 82 p 7-8

[Text]

DURING the three months
ended September, 1982,
Swaziland’s net for foreign”
assets increased E22.6
million to E111.9 million in
contrast to a fall of E16.7
million during the cor-
responding quarter in 1981.
The rise in foreign reserves
during the quarter mainly
reflects exports receipts
which began to flow-in over
the period, and the usual
Customs Union revenue
receipts.

Government net creditor
position with the banking
system rose E8.3 million to
E39.6 million during the
quarter ended September
1982.

September figures show a
sharp reversal of the
previously increasing trend
in bank lending to the
private sector. The total
declined E16.1 million or
about 111 percent to E136.0
million but remained E6.3
million higher than at the
end of the same quarter in
1981. Credit extended to in-
dustry, constituting about
82. percent of total bank
loans and advances fell
E10.4 million to E106.8
million. | Mainly con-
tributing to this fall was len-
ding. to manufacturing,
which decreased E6.2

million from the June 1962

level to E45.2 million, in-
contrast to a rise of E7.7
million over the same
quarter in 1981. Loans and
advances outstanding to
agriculture and forestry fell
E4.9 million to E21.3
million, a marginal increase
from September, 1981.
Credit afforded to statutory
bodies and to individuals
followed the same trend by
declining 14.5 percent and,
;7.1 percent to E3.1 million
‘and £19.9 million, respec-
tively. Moderately , offset-
ting this decline were loans
and advances extended to
mining and quarrying
distribution and tourism
and transport and com-
munication which registered
increases of .E1.7 million,
E1.2 and El.! consecutively |
from the previous quarter
Currency in circulation _

showed some slight increase
over the previous quarter to
E4z 0 million at the end of
September, a level 7.6. per-
cent higher than twelve
months back. . Demand
deposits were up E0.8
million to E42.2 million and
hardly changed from the

“same period a year ago.

Savings deposits stood: at
E29.3 million at the end of
the quarter, a rise of E2.1
million and £4.7 million
from June 1982 and
September 1981, respective-

88

SWAZILAND

ly. Time deposits, the ma-
jor component of quasi
money fell E1.4 million in
July and began to rise fairly
moderately during the rest
of the quarter to E71.7

million at’ the end of

September, 1982. Largely
contributing to this | rise
were business and personal

._ time deposits which climbed

to E6.8 million and E2.0
million mainly in call and
short notice money. Time
deposits at the end’ of
September showed a 30.3
percent rise over the same ’

‘date in 1981. Total private

sector deposits increased
E4.7 million from the end
of June quarter to E189.8
million, which ‘is 17.1 per- '
cent higher than the end of

» the corresponding quarter

in 1981.

Reflecting all these
movements, the loan to
deposit ratio declined 11.7
percentage points to 77.4
percent, 11.4 percentage
points lower than a year
back, and domestic liquidi-
ty rose steeply, particularly
during the month of
September.

CANNED FRUIT _
Both the volume of pro-

, duction and the value of ex-

ports are estimated to in-
crease by 5 percent over
their 1981 levels to record



being at the root of the paper's survival. According to these rumors, the
"ANDE-SOPI" debacle was the result of the discovery of the manipulations
and the incarceration of their perpetrator. Despite all our objections to
Mammadou Dia, we cannot believe that he could have so deliberately accepted
assistance of such suspicious origin to finance publication of his paper.

A man who speaks of others' alleged corruption with such devastating sarcasm
cannot leave himself open to suspicion of receiving illegal funds, even if
it be more or less within the family. Not to mention that knowing the Third
Republic, Mamadou Dia knows "what a misfortune" it can be for a politician
"to have a son-in-law," as the song goes.

But,’ all this does not tell us where a party dedicated to poverty by
definition and which has barely emerged from clandestine status gets the
money to finance papers with all its might and to maintain an army of
professional revolutionaries of the quality of Cissokho, Dansokho and other
Samba Thiam's? Has it held up--or pardon, expropriated--banks or post
offices in the great revolutionary tradition? We would have heard about it.
Neither could businesses, which it denunciates in column lengths, be the
source of the PIT's wealth through contributions. Even less so its members,
because first of all there are not many of them, and then, they simply do
not have the means for such generosity. If it is true, in any case, that it
is only Senegalese workers who are contributing to this party.

The Socialist Party itself, which has at least 1000 times as many members as
the PIT, does not have the resources to finance three papers at the same time
as the PIT was doing at one time with the simultaneous publication of "GESTUM"
"DAAN DOOLE" and "ANDE-SOPI." Consequently, the issue of the source of the
money becomes an obsession.

In leafing through the last issue of "DAAN-DOOLE" one comes across an article
devoted to Poland which is astonishing nonetheless. I do not believe that
General Jaruzelski's papers themselves could write such things about Poland
today. It is as old as the cold war and completely idiotic. If it is true,
as the author of this article writes, that all it takes is Radio Free Europe
or BBC broadcasts, in Polish if you please, to lead the Polish workers to

go on strike and to rush into the streets to demonstrate their discontent
with a regime which is over 35 years old, then we have to believe that its
foundations were not very solid. Also, how can one think that the seizure
of 8 photocopiers, 24 kilograms of printing ink, paper and 30 kilograms of
photographic stock in a shipment of provisions and medical supplies could
have an effect--good or bad--on the lot of 35 million Poles? If the Poles
were happy, what would the Warsaw government have to fear from this Western
propaganda equipment and from the propaganda itself?

What I feel to be revealing and especially shocking is that the Polish
customs authorities did not also seize and destroy the provisions and medicine
from West Germany. This is an indication that they did indeed need them and
that 37 years after the establishment of the People's Republic and Poland's
entry into the paradise of real and scientific socialism, provisions and
medicine still must not be sold to it, but given to it by West Germany which
Poland justly claims is "revencharde."

56



RICE IMPORT STATISTICS REPORTED

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 13 Nov 82 pp 1, 13

[Article by Mike Reis]

[text]

NIGERIA imported 463 million
Naira worth of rice last year, the
Peed the National Cereal
Researfh Institute, Badeggi, Mr.
C.0. Opasol: AGS ealeart {

QS in faP address t@lfisatk this

fyearts «Farmers /Mix}di Day,
organised by the institute, Mr.
Obasola said the demand for rice
in the country reached such a
height last year that an estimated
production of 1,241,000 tonnes had
to be supplemented with importa-
tion of about 658,000 tonnes.

He said the national annual
growth rate of demand of rice in
the country, which according to
United Nation Food and
Agricultural Organisation (FAQ)
stood at 6.4 per cent in
1973 to as high as 16 per cent this
year while the present domestic
production rate was two per cent.

He said.ablentssammust be
doubled to meet the net demand
for the crop in order to reduce im-
portation: : red

Mr... Obasola “was of the view
that our resources in land and
climate, were more than adequate
for attaining self-sufficiency in
crop production.

He gave the assurance that the
‘institute would do everything in
its power to stimulate the interest
of farmers and encourage them
sto use the institute's research fin-

sO: 3400/336

52

“dings to boost crops production in

the country.

He said the institute had
already bred 28 varieties of rice,
25 of which were suitable for the
various low land “fadamas”’ in
the country.

‘These varieties, he said had
been made available to farmers
and were now being planted in
most parts of rice growing areas
of the country.

Mr. Obasola also said that the
institute in cooperation with the
federal and state ministries of
agriculture, trained more than
2,300 extension workers within
the last one year for the Green
Revolution programme.

Mr. Obasola however said tack
of fund was adversely affecting
some of the research projects of
the institute.

Declaring it open, the Governor
of Niger State, Alhaji Awwal
Ibrahim commended the institute
for organising the . field day
which, he said, would enable
farmers to know first hand, the
activities of the institute and
create a conducive atmosphere
for exchanging ideas.

He urged the’ institute not to
‘confine itself to research on rice
alone, but to look into ways of im~
proving the production of other
crops which were also in great
demand.

NIGERIA



LESOTHO

MINISTER RETURNS FROM EUROPEAN AID TALKS
MBO21341 Maseru Domestic Service in English 1130 GMT 2 Dec 82

[Text] The Minister of Planning, Labor and Economic Affairs [as heard] the
Honorable E.R. Sekhonyana, has returned from a 3-day visit to Europe, where
he held what has been described as most successful talks in negotiations
with the Donor community. The minister visited Denmark, Norway, the United
Kingdom, France, Finland and Sweden, where he had discussions with top offi-
cials of these governments on matters of cooperation.

In Denmark the minister, together with the Danish government, (?reviewed) the
3 million Maluti Abbatoir project. The loan for the project was negotiated
by the Prime Minister, the Right Honorable Dr Leabua Jonathan, when he was in
Denmark a few years ago. During Mr Sekhonyana's talks with the Danish authori-
ties, the government of Denmark indicated that it is favorably disposed to
converting the loan into a grant, which means Lesotho will no longer be
required to repay the loan. Discussions were also held on industrial promo-
tion and ways of improving the Lesotho dairy industry.

Minister Sekhonyana also met the Foreign Minister of Denmark, who assured him
that he will personally be present at the Southern African Development
Coordinating Committee [SADCC] Conference to be held in Maseru next year.

The Danish foreign minister is also the current chairman of the European
Economic Community.

In Norway, the Honorable Sekhonyana held bilateral talks with the deputy for-
eign minister and officials of (NORED), a Norwegian aid organization. It was
agreed that the study of six mini-hydroelectricity projects for six rural
areas in Lesotho be made. There is high possibility that (NORED) will pay
for these projects. It was also agreed that (NORED), together with the
African Development Bank, will support part of the water supply schemes of
Mafeteng, Mohales Hoek, Quthing and Makhlotlong. Discussions were also held
in pursuit of alternate electricity supply for Maseru, in view of the alarm-
ing rate at which the town is growing. The (Makhaling) River was tentatively
identified as a possible source of clean water and electricity for Maseru.

In London, the Honorable Sekhonyama held discussions on food aid with Mr
(Anderson) of the Commonwealth Fund for Technical Cooperation. The minister
also got assurances that he will have talks with the British minister of
overseas development when he will again be in London on the 17th of this
month.

14



MADAGASCAR

JAPANESE AID REPORTED
Tananarive MADAGASCAR-MATIN in French 8 Oct 82 p 2

[Text As we announced in our last edition, a large delegation from JICA
/Japan International Cooperation Agency/ arrived in Antananarivo yesterday
where they will discuss with Malagasy authorities methods to be implemented
to make Japanese-Malagasy cooperation even more effective.

Headed by Mr Ryozo Matsuyama, executive director of the agency, this
delegation includes six members. During their visit the members will meet
with Malagasy leaders, especially with the head of foreign affairs and the
Ministry of Agricultural Production and Land Reform. They will also go to
Antsiranana where they will visit the Center for Technical Training in Stock
Breeding, the fruit of Japanese-Malagasy cooperation in which Japan's
participation amounts to a little over 1 billion Malagasy francs.

The importance of cattle to Madagascar and what it can represent to the
country's economy is known. Unfortunately, in stock breeding as in almost
all other sectors of the economy, a certain amount of organization is proving
to be more and more necessary. Grandfather's dreamy way of raising stock is
over! Japanese experience in this area will thus be shared by means of this
ultramodern center where five Japanese experts are currently stationed while
six Malagasy youths are being trained in Japan to take over later. Hygiene,
feeding, reproduction--here nothing is left to chance. Two experts in water
supply are part of the. delegation for drilling the wells required to water the
cattle.

"Madagascar," Mr Ryozo Matsuyama confided to us yesterday, "is the third
country in Africa where we have completed a center like this. The two others
are in Tanzania and Egypt. Our aim in coming to Madagascar is to study with
the Malagasy authorities all existing means to provide the maximum yield for
the center."

Mr Ryozo Matsuyama and his colleagues will take advantage of their trip to
Madagascar to explain to leaders here the numerous activities of the JICA
which, let us remember, is the equivalent of the French Aid and Cooperation
Fund. In fact, it is involved with sending out experts, equipment, welcoming
foreign interns to Japan, non repayable financial cooperation, sending out
"young volunteers for technical cooperation," etc. "If the Malagasy
authorities request it," Mr Matsuyama confided to us yesterday, "we are
completely available to study their proposals."

9693

cso: 3419/133
43



cso:

3400 /336

they were strongly denied by UPN spokesmen. A strong PPA
could threaten Shagari’s hold on the country, and force him to
accept Ojukwu. But if Azikiwe could be persuaded not to rock
the NPN boat with his lion’s share of the Ibo vote, Shagari might
still be assured of victory without offending those who remain
hostile to Ojukwu.

There are signs that Azikiwe has got the message: the NPP is
already modifying its tone to the NPN. For instance, while
demanding an enquiry into the Muslim riots last month, it
pointedly exempted the NPN from blame by stressing that none
of the rioting states was governed by Shagari’s party.

The UPN is now too preoccupied with internal difficulties to
give the PPA much thought. Awolowo was over ruled last month
when he tried to insist that the five UPN state governors should
be renominated unopposed as candidates. It was the first open
sign of rebellion against Awolowo’s leadership. It now seems
possible that he may have to give way sooner rather than later to
one of his younger UPN rivals. (Governor Bolo Ige of Oyo State
and Governor Jakande of Lagos State are both frequently men-
tioned in this context). Should this happen, Azikiwe might have
a UPN running mate ready to accept the more junior post, and
in this event Ojukwu would probably be brought in by the NPN.
The NPN attitude may become clearer after 10 December, when
the NPN’s national convention will appoint all senior officials
according to the party’s zoning system (AC Vol 23 No 16) @

47



cso:

3400/398

~lations~

One Mbabane-based
Western diplomat said it
was “highly - unlikely”
South Africa would en-
gage in an internation-
ally unpopular border
adjustment issue with-
out the promise of some
hefty benefits.

“One of these condi-
tions is undoubtedly a
guarantee by the Swazis
that they will keep the
ANC in check in return
for the land in Ingwa-
vuma and KaNgwane,”
he said?

When the land deal
was announced earlier
this year it immediately
drove a wedge between
Swaziland and the ANC
which saw the implica-
tions of one of its back-
ers (Swaziland) openly

~ dealing with its worst

enemy (the South Afri-

can Government.
Although Swaziland

and the ANC  subse-

quently denied reports
| of an estrangement,

Senator Nsibandze felt it
‘necessary to make an
uncharacteristically
strong pledge of support

76

for the organisation in a
speech in Zimbabwe
only days later.

Economically, ob-
servers feel South Africa
is increasingly able to
pressure Swaziland amid
a worldwide recession.

At the same time the
kingdom is under relent-
less pressure from its
eastern neighbour Mo-
zambique, the Organisa-
tion of African Unity
and the United Nations
to take a harder line in
southern African power
politics.

But a Swaziland alien-
ated from South Africa
could not possibly de-
rive the economic ben-
efits it now enjoys if it
had to turn instead to
Mozambique.

According to one
source the ANC gueril-
las Who stashed their
weapons near the royal
kraal may have done so
to gauge the Swazi lead-
ership’s reaction to their
activities. 4

Their arrest.could not
have left them in’ any
doubt as to where they
now stand. — SANS.



cso:

3400/369

and ease in the young technocratic lions who are now chaffing
for more power and influence. The newly elected MPs would in
this case be much beholden to him and would be able to
mobilise their constituencies for future political infighting.

3) He could call an extraordinary congress of the UNC in
order to create a grass roots movement to clean out and
rejuvinate the party structure. Like President Houphouet-Boigny
of the Ivory Coast, Biya would be able in a single swoop to force
dozens of entrenched conservative barons into retirement. This
option has the advantage of mobilising popular opinion in favour
of change. A major difficulty, however, is that the former presi-
dent still is the titular head of the UNC.

Opposition forces both at home and abroad will be
carefully ‘scrutinising the new regime for a sign of
liberalisation, in particular the liberation of political
prisoners and the bringing to an end of the house arrest
of such former prominent figures as Victor Kamga. We
understand that the UPC has adopted a wait and see
attitude to Biya, although its official publication, La
Voix du Kamerun, severely lambasted him in the past.
The UPC has set out a series of conditions for judging
the new regime's evolution. They include the liberation
of political prisoners, the respect of human rights and an
overture towards a multi-party system. (The UPC’ held
its third congress, the first since 1952, earlier this year.
Reelected as secretary-general was Woungly Massaga.
Also reelected was Daniel Ngo, secretary for political
affairs, and assistant secretary-generals Elie Afo Akom
and Albert Kondi, respectively in charge of finance and
propaganda).

On the regional level, the coming to power of Biya is
likely to have the greatest consequences for Gabon.
Relations between Biya and President Omar Bongo are
not good. A diplomatic incident occured at last year’s
Central African Customs Union (UDEAC) conference in
Libreville when Bongo refused to grant an audience to
him. ‘As noted above, Biya belongs to the Fang tribe, the
principal opposition force in Gabon. This could further
encourage members of the banned Mouvement pour le
Redressement National to intensify their actions against
Bongo. The consolidation of Hissein Habré in Chad is a
positive element for the new president, for it restricts
the possibility of the Chadian civil war spilling over into
northern Cameroun. Biya will certainly seek to smooth
out relations with Nigeria over the continental plateau
dispute in the Rio del Rey region (Vol 22 No 23).
Another of his concerns will be to prevent the spread
into the Cameroun of the sort of muslim fundamentalism
that has caused such trouble in Nigeria.

On the international front, Biya will obviously look
to Paris for support during the first crucial year or so of
his office. The French administration intends to give him
every encouragement @

Footnote

1. The eight other members of the 12-man UPC political secret-
ariat_ are apparently Pius Atemengue, Bako Haman,
Alexandre Kamguen, Edouard Manga, Elenga Mbuyinga,
Michel Ndoh, Aurelien Yakan and Marie Zingha.



AUSTERITY MEASURES HIT TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 12 Nov 82 p 20

Ttext]

NIGERIA

THE Chairman of Nigeria External Telecommunications (NET), Dr. Ibrahim Tahir, said
in Lagos on Wednesday that the current economic stabilisation measures are the major

problems facing the establishment.

Dr. Tahir told the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) that another problem was the poor conditions:

of service for the workers.

He said the management was, however, doing its best to reduce the problems and also to check mal-

practices among the officials in
the establishment.

Dr. Tahir said the Enugu,
Kaduna and Abuja telecom-
munication projects would yield
500 million Naira annually by
1985, and that the projects were
currently generating between 120
million Naira and 140 million
Naira annually:

He said within the last 12 mon-
ths NET had completed eight in-
ternational communication
5 9 oS yaa

‘court.

He said that NET offices in
Niger, Gongola, Plateau and
Ondo states had already taken
off. while those in Imo, Benue and
Abuja were under construction.

Dr. Tahir said the organisation
was doing its best to ensure that it
keep up with international stan-
dards and to generate more
revenue for the nation.

CSO: 3400/336

51



New Detainee Guidelines Not Enough
(Editorial; SUNDAY TIMES, 28 Nov 82) ....secceeeeeseeeees

Government Rejects Council Recommendations
(John Battersby; THE RAND DAILY MAIL, 3 Dec 82) ......

Death Sentence Appeals Dismissed
(THE CITIZEN, 1 Dec 82) .....seeeeeee

Court Rejects Plea by 'SAAN' Journalists
(Sandra Lieberum; THE CITIZEN, 1 Dec 82) ..

Alleged Terrorist Admits Placing Mines
(THE CITIZEN, 1 Dec 82) ..

Professor Hits Out at Government Racial Discrimination
(Sam Mabe; SOWETAN, 1 Dec 82) ......-

Reserve Bank Official on Economic Recovery
(Patrick McLoughlin; THE CITIZEN, 1 Dec 82) ..

Big Boost for Black Housing Reported
(SOWETAN, 1 Dec 82) ........ cee ceceereereeceseenes seeeeee

Land Deal Fosters Hostility to ANC
(SOWETAN, 2 Dec 82) ..ssscsecccseceececeeece be eeeeeeeeeee

Sparks Expected as Sandton Discusses Coloured Township
(THE CITIZEN, 1 Dec 82) ..sceeeeseeeoeeee seecevceceeceees

Increasing Membership in Trade Unions Reported
(Sello Rabothata; SOWETAN, 29 Nov 82) ...ccscscesccccoees

SABA-Sponsored Bread Boycott Grows
(SOWETAN, 29 Nov 82) ...ssseeseseeeee Peer eee Seer rere

Fuel Price Cut Scheduled for 1 March
(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 1 Dec 82) ......... seeeee

Briefs
Fort Hare Students
Ciskei Student Held
SADF Base for Walvis Bay
Pondos Vow To Avenge Deaths
S. Pole Research
Trade Surplus Decline
Taiwanese Trade
Rio Tinto Layoffs
Taiwanese Investment
Census Figures

64

66

68

70

71

72

73

74

75

77

78

79



DEATH SENTENCE APPEALS DISMISSED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Dec 82 p 13

[text]

‘ BLOEMFONTEIN.
— The appeals of three
men convicted of high
treason for acts that in-
cluded the attack on
the Booysens police
station and Sasol HI at
Secunda have been dis-
missed by the Appeal
Court.

The appellants were
Anthony Bobby Tsot-
sobe, Johannes Shabangu
‘and David Moise. They
were convicted in_ the

Transvaal Supreme Court
‘by Mr Justice C D J The-
‘ron on August 18, 1981,
and were all sentenced to

“tion on Aer 4, 1980, tnd
on Uncle'Tom’s Hall, Or-
lando West, on May 5,
1980, the setting of TNT
explosives under and near
the railway line and at-
tached to an electric time
switch at Dube railway
station on October 14/15,
1980, an attack on the
West Rand Administrat-
ion Board offices at
Diepkloof on October 30,
1980, setting up an under-
‘ground base in Meadow-

Jands between April and
‘November 1980 and being
in possession of arms, am-
munition and explosives
for the purp f war,

‘sabotage and «

“ Shabapgu
‘sible fore!
tattack of
police constable at Bos-
fontein on April 27, 1980.
He then left for Swazi-
land, but returned on July
26, 1980 with orders to
kill certain people.

On August 1, 1980, at
Driekoppies in KaNg-
wane, he was in posses-
sion of weapons and am-
munition intended for
acts of violence and war
in South Africa.

Moise, with other
people, attached limpet
mines at Sasol II on June
1/2, 1980: On those. days,
at Secunda and other

pe Posses-
sin. of nines i

She! and Po
Sought gmc

7 to commit sabofage.

. He was arrested on Oc-
tober 26, 1980, when he
returned from Mozambi-
que to again reconnoitre
at Secunda.

Yesterday’s judgment,
which consists of 143

68

pages, was delivered by
the Chief Justice, Mr Jus-
tice Rabie, with the con-
currence of Mr Justice
Jansen, Mr Justice Jou-
bert Viljoen and Mr Jus-
tice Van Heerden (acting
Judge of Appeal).

The Chief Justice said
that in regard to Tsotsobe
he was by no means per-
suaded the trial court had

‘confession that ‘referred
to the time when he first
began to receive military
‘training in a camp in An-
gola.

It showed he appre-
ciated from the outset
that he would, after com-
pleting his training, re-
turn to South Africa.

The second _ passage
quoted from thé confes-
sions showed that Tsot-
sobe was eager to return
to South Africa, which he
regarded as his home.

It was difficult to see
how, in the face of this
(Paragraph, it, cou. ibe.
‘subgested | bel 7
had left
“manently. ~~~

It had also been sub-
mitted that Tsotsobe’s ab-

‘Africa per

SOUTH AFRICA

sence fom South Africa
was of such duration that
it could not properly have
been temporary.

Mr Justice Rabie said
the submission was with-
out merit. The period of
Tsotsobe’s absence was
admittedly a lengthy one
— somewhat more than
three years — but that did
not mean that it was not a
temporary absence.

It was contemplated
from the outset that he
would return to South
Africa after completing

ae ce szae
[from the-countiyta

g lasted so ie
said the judge.

After a‘ detailed analy-
sis of the evidence against
Shabangu, the Chief Jus-
tice concluded that there
were no grounds on which
it could be held that Sha-
bangu was wrongly con-
victed.

Similarly, with Moise,
the judge considered
there was no ground on
which it could be held
that the trial court had
erred in convicting him of
high treason.



PRC COMMITTEE TO HELP IN TAX ARREARS COLLECTION

Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 16 Nov 82 pp 1, 10

[Excerpt]

cso:

3400/366

A Committee comprising members of the People’s
Redemption Council is to be appointed to help in the collec-
tion of tax arrears throughout the country, it was announced

yesterday. .

An Executive Mansion, Press
release said the decision was part
of a number of tough measures
taken by the People’s Redemp-
tion, Gouncil. ‘ito, help, alimingte
.corruption in society ang,7aise
the levdliast Tevenae toRection in
the country.””

The release did not state
whether the PRC would be
directly involved in the collec-
tion 0; it of, ac-

tually-egMeoting d ifsu-
‘e- i Flag receipts. This
function has heretofore been the

,exclusive legal responsibility of
staff members of the Ministry of

23

‘Finance, especially those work-
ing for the Revenue Division.
For many years prior to the
April 12 Coup, of course,
(Soldiers did assist in the collec-
tion osgaeiigete the in-
teri IS by

chiefdoms, towns and villages to
‘collect hut and other taxes.

The Council agreed that
Government will have no alter-
: native but to put a lien on pro-
perties that are delinquent until

_ outstanding amounts are paid.

LIBERIA



SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT REJECTS COUNCIL RECOMMENDATIONS
MB030930 Johannesburg THE RAND DAILY MAIL in English 3 Dec 82 p 1
[Article by John Battersby, Political Correspondent]

[Text] Cape Town--The government has rejected a key recommendation of the
president's council in its second report that there should be "the greatest
possible degree of separation" between the functions of the legislature and
the executive in a new constitutional dispensation.

The government has also rejected the recommendation that membership of the
executive should be incompatible with membership of the legislature.

The government, however, has not adopted a final position on other key
aspects of the PC report because it intends to leave room for negotiation
with coloured and Indian leaders.

They are due to meet the Minister of Constitutional Development and Planning,
Mr Chris Heunis, next Thursday.

Mr Heunis told THE RAND DAILY MAIL last night that at its final cabinet
meeting in Pretoria this week the government had reaffirmed its earlier
position--contained in its Federal Congress Guidelines--that members of the
executive should be appointed from the chambers of the Tri-Cameral Parliament
as a general rule.

“However, the government accepts that the need may arise for someone to be
appointed to the cabinet from outside the chambers," Mr Heunis said.

The government's rejection of this key recommendation, which it was urged by
the PC to reconsider, will immediately put a question mark over other recom-
mendations of the PC which were based on the assumption that the government
would accept the principle of a separation of functions.

Its recommendation that the president and the cabinet should not be subject
to motions of non-confidence, and should not be capable of being compelled
to resign, was motivated by the argument that such mechanisms would be
incompatible with the principle of a separation of functions.

66



PROPOSED GOVERNMENT'S SIMILARITIES TO U.S. SYSTEM NOTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Dec 82 p 6

[Article by Mike Hough]

[text]

BASICALLY, _ both
‘the Government’s July
guidelines and those
‘contained in the sec-
ond report of the
President’s Council
rest on the assumption
of power-sharing
-among Whites, Indians
and Coloureds, specifi-
cally on matters of
common concern; the
principle of consensus
as represented by the
concept of concurrent
‘majorities needed in
‘each chamber of Par-
liament for legislation;
the maintenance of
‘basic community iden-

tities; and the principle ~

of separation of ex-
ecutive and legislative
powers to a larger ex-
‘tent than is presently
othe case.

This is reflected in the
creation of the office of
-Executive President.

The President’s Coun-
cil guidelines do, how-
ever, carry this separation
further than the Govern-
ment guidelines insofar as
the council proposes that
no Minister or Deputy
Minister may be a mem-
ber of any chamber of
Parliament.

~ Both the Government
and the President’s Coun-
cil proposals represent a
mixture of different con-
stitutional models.

The concept of an indi-

“rectly elected President is

in line with the American
system, although the
method of election dif-
fers.
‘The President can re-
turn altered legislation to
the chambers. But, unlike
in the American system, a
simple ‘and not a two-
‘thirds majority will be
‘sufficient to give the
“chambers their way.
‘There is provision for
impeachment on certain
grounds, which is similar
tothe American system.
The President may not
be a member of any of the
_chambers — this is also
similar to the American
system — and he will be
appointed for a fixed
period, excluding his

| removal through a motion
ofno confidence.

Unlike the American
President, the South Afri-
can .President’s term of
office will correspond
with that of Parliament,
according to the July
guidelines.

‘And although he may
dissolve Parliament at 12-
month intervals, unlike

59

SOUTH AFRICA

the situation in the Uni-
ted States, this would in
fact mean that he would
lose office and that the
new Parliament would
have tore-elect him.

In the US, too, the
electoral college for Presi-
dential elections is not a
Parliamentary body.

The proposéd South
African system also dif-
fers from the American
system insofar as there is
provision for a Senate act-
ing inter alia as an addi-
tional curb on Presi-
dential power by for in-
stance having to ratify all
treaties concluded by the
President.

Whereas in the US the
Federal Court decides ‘on
matters of jurisdiction
and the interpretation of
the Constitution, the
South African President
will, according to the pro-
posed - guidelines, decide
on these matters.

In the proposed South

° African system the courts

will havea testing right,

: put only -on procedural

matters,’that is whether
the correct procedures for
amending entrenched

‘clauses in. the Constitu-

tion have been followed.
The proposed South
African President will
therefore in certain re-
spects have more powers



LESOTHO

BRIEFS

LANDMINE DAMAGES MINISTER'S VEHICLE--The Commissioner of Police has announced
that a landmine which was planted next to the gate of the residence of the
Minister of Water, Mining and Energy, Mr Mattete Majara, at (Maqatha), about
20 km north of Maseru, damaged one of the minister's vehicles which was
driven by his son, Seeiso, who was with his wife. The incident happened at
about 10 minutes after 5 yesterday afternoon. Seeiso and his wife were
seriously injured and have been admitted to the Queen Elizabeth II Hospital
in Maseru for treatment. [Text] [MB021206 Maseru Domestic Service in
English 1130 GMT 2 Dec 82]

CsO: 3400/280

16



LIBERIA

BRIEFS

NAAWUL'S SUSPENSION--The National Agriculture and Allied Workers Union of
Liberia (NAAWUL) has been suspended and ordered not to engage in any form
of trade union activities. According to a Labour Ministry release issued
yesterday, the action was taken upon the directive of the Head of State,
CIC Samuel K. Doe. The release quoted Acting Labour Minister, Capt Harold
G. Tarr as saying that the Labour Ministry had warned NAAWUL members against
“political actions or trade union activities" contrary to PRC Decree number
12. “Any NAAWUL leader or member found practising politics or engaging in
trade union activities within the country will be dealt with according to
law," Capt Tarr said, The release, which did not elaborate on the issue,
said “these policies became necessary because of irregularities and
unlawful actions of certain leaders and members of NAAWUL." NAAWUL will
also be audited for "more appropriate actions," the Labour Ministry release
said. [text] [Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 16 Nov 82 p 3]

csO: 3400/366

33



COTTON PRODUCTION REPORTED UP

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 11 Nov 82 pp 1, 3

[Article by Dupe Motojehi]

[text]

COTTON production
which had been on the

decline in the I ive.
years is now pic!
‘the General Manager-of

the Nigerian Cotton
Board (NCB) Athaji
‘Abubakar Tuman Gusau,
told the New Nigerian
last Monday.

’ Alhaji Abubakar said pro-
gress reports from farmers
indicated that the board
would meet the needs of tex-
tile firms which required
over 400,000 bales of cotton
ints per annum.

He gave the production
figures as follows: 1976/77
-456,101, tonnes; 1977/78

innes; 1 We
pnes; 1979/80,
0 tones and 1980764,

200,000; tonnes.

He said textile firms which
iwere forced to close down for
‘lack of raw materials had now re-

ened.

He added that the board would
be in a position, in three years
time, to supply the textiles with
‘ll the raw materials they need-
ed. :

cso: 3400/336

* He saifi he was unhappy with
ithe inability of the board to meet

ithe demands of the mills. |
The general manager said the
decline in cotton production was
partly due to the unwillingness of
farmers tosolely grow cotton, 4

r
MRR ai then
re inte cotton produc

had mounted campaigns im-
pressing on the farmers the need.
for early planting of cotton seeds
and had increased the producer
.price of cotton from 460 Naira to
510 Naira per tonne.

These measures, he said, had
generated so much interest in
the farmers that he was confident
of a better harvest.

Alhaji Abubakar said cotton
production was ‘abour intensive
and‘ Siri¢e” the mception of the
Universal Free Education (UPE9.
schenlé, farmers thathashittet

, their attention { Q
the feoup.sallpndlerns,

This was because the cotton
farm had to be tended five times
before harvest and the picking
itself required many hands, he
added

He also said it was difficult to
introduce farming implements

53

NIGERIA

like harvesters because the
jfarms were small and were
cultivated with each farmers
growing what he wanted, side by
| side with the cotton farms.
| On the basis of-this, he said, it
| would be difficult to harvest cot-
‘ton on such farming . system
without damaging other crops.

Alhaji Abubakar said the board
had difficulty in getting formers
to cultivate cotton because areas
conducive to cotton production
jhad greater potential for maize
production.

He added that the board had
distributed 300,000 Naira worth of
insecticides and seeds to farmers
free tf chargethisseason.
¥ He also said the board had buiit
2. permanent cetton at
jhe set of two!

rehae fagmers W

sat on to the Toned buying

penctanto the'staff of the board.
He added that about 700 tem-

| porary cotton markets were also

| fo be built by local government in

leotton: producing states—.
Kaduna, Bauchi and Soke-

to.

! He appealed’ to the state and
‘Jocal governments to hasten up
the construction of the nfarkets
so that farmers would be able.te.
sell their cotton with téss difficul-

ty.



ing to engage in any of the
investment opportunities,

Dr. Kaba noted that SMBAL
would serve as a laison be-
tween Liberian businesses
and: UNJDO:in:.dcquikning: Jeans
to Spang lustries
“inhipe ganene

He fests” “thee” these fn2
vestment opportunities would
encourage Liberian business-
men to engage in industrial
activities. He observed that
too many Liberian businesses
are non-productive.

Dr. ‘Kaba disclosed that
this Friday, SMBAL,
would convene a special
meeting with all Liberian
businessmen wishing to take
advantage of UNIDO invest-
ment opportunities at the NIC,

He said the meeting is
intended to explain the
UNIDO investment policy,
and to receive feedback from
Participants toward the of-
fers.

CSO: 3400/366

19



CWIU--The Chemical Workers Industrial Union (CWIU), an affiliate of Fosatu,
has signed a R2 a hour minimum wage agreement with three chemical companies
in the Transvaal with effect from January next year. According to a state-
ment from CWIU, the companies concerned are Matthey Rustenburg Refineries,
Rechit and Coleman and Chesebrough Ponds. The union has consistently
striven to achieve a living wage for its members in wage negotiations this
year. Agreements with five companies now lay down a minimum wage of R2 an
hour or more, the other two being Colgate~Palmolive and Revertex. The union
said that where companies were paying very low minimum rates large percentage
increases have been won, for example at Rolfes Limited an increase of 62,5
percent, and Union Liquidair (38 percent). This is in line with Fosatu's
policy that all workers should receive a living wage. [Text] [Johannesburg
SOWETAN in English 1 Dec 82 p 4]

cso: 3400/399

86



Results for Toliary Faritany
Tananarive MADAGASCAR-MATIN in French 16 Noy 82 p 2

[Table]

SLOSEST LO°S9 LZO‘THE ZOT*YZS yTZ‘9 OTETOES 996°T69 OzL‘T Oz‘

€6' 7 T STVLOL

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80°€Y 76T°6 726°9S LYT*ZT TvE‘TZ WLS ST6*TZ 870° EE ze ce I AteTTOL ‘07
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3419/269

cso

40



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

FORT HARE STUDENTS--Two charges under Ciskei's Emergency Proclamation R252
have been withdrawn against 17 Fort Hare university students and three others.
The students, a Border Council of Churches field worker, a Wits University
student and a Soweto high school pupil, will appear in the Zwelitsha Regional
Court charged with public violence. The accused were to have appeared in the
Supreme Court yesterday for a judge to rule whether two charges under R252
were valid. At a previous hearing advocate M T K Moerane, for the defence,
argued that R252, cited in two counts, have been invalidated by the Ciskei
Constitution Act. The magistrate ruled that a lower court could not make a
decision on the validity of Proclamation R252. Mr Jurie Jurgens, Attorney-
General, said yesterday he had withdrawn the charges under R252 as the proclam—
ation had been repealed by the National Security Act enacted on August 27.
Saying that he also wanted to ease the congestion in the Supreme Court, Mr
Jurgens said it would not have served any good purpose to prosecute under
R252. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 2 Dec 82 p 2]

CISKEI STUDENT HELD--A former Fort Hare student, Ms Patricia Malukas (25), is
believed to have been detained by Ciskei Central Intelligence Services this
week. Ms Maluka was one of the many students who were allegedly forced off
the campus of the university by Ciskei police during disturbances at the end
of August. She served as an executive member on the interim committee before
the rector, Prof J A Lambrecht, disbanded it. At the time of her detention at
a road block she was travelling from East London to Mdantsane, a colleague
reported. The security chief in the Ciskei, Lieutenant-General Charles Sebe,
was not available for comment.--Sapa. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English
29 Nov 82 p 3]

SADF BASE FOR WALVIS BAY--Walvis Bay--The Officer Commanding Walvis Bay mili-
tary area, Colonel G Nel, announced at the weekend that construction work
costing several million rand would begin in 1984 to build a new military base
at the port. The programme would also entail the rebuilding of the existing
main military base and the erection of new improved houses for military person—
nel. Col Nel was speaking at the annual year-end function of the SA Defence
Force.--Sapa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Dec 82 p 13]

PONDOS VOW TO AVENGE DEATHS--Durban--An uneasy calm has settled over the

Isipingo area on the Natal South Coast after the slaying of seven in a vic-
ious faction fight between Zulus and Pondos at the weekened. Police have

81



SEYCHELLES

PRESIDENT RENE APPEALS FOR POLITICAL UNITY
ABO21601 Paris AFP in English 1513 GMT 2 Dec 82

[Text] Victoria, 2 Dec (AFP)--Seychelles President France Albert Rene last
night broadcast an appeal for political unity in the Indian Ocean Archipelago,
following the latest revelations concerning a new coup attempt against his
socialist government.

President Rene, whose appeal coincided with a Radio Seychelles broadcast of
secret recordings of a mercenary-led coup hatched last month in London, said
that "all Seychellois without exception must be united and work together as
brothers and sisters."

Mr Rene's government was the victim of a coup attempt last November carried
out by a group of South African-based mercenaries.

The head of state was referring to supporters of his former Seychelles
People's United Party, now replaced by the Sole Legal Seychelles People's
Progressive Front [SPPF], and those of the defunct Seychelles Democratic
Party of ousted President James Mancham.

At the recent party meeting he called on the SPPF to set an example for unity
by offering the hand of friendship to "enemies of the revolution".

"In stead of being affected by the enemy, the avant-garde of the SPPF should
instead show, by its example and its spirit of fraternity, that the society
being created was one of unity and brotherhood," he said.

cso: 3400/279

58



confiscated a number of weapons used in the battle but so far no arrests have
been made. Pondos in the district claim they were taken by surprise in
Sunday's clash and they intend to avange the killing of six of their tribe.
Women and children have fled from the twonship because they fear further vio—
lence. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Dec 82 p 15]

S. POLE RESEARCH--Cape Town--South Africa is to expand its research facilities
in the Antarctic--site of the richest untapped deposits of minerals in the
world--by building a field camp in mountains about 250 km from the Sanae

base. A senior official of Transport Services disclosed yesterday that an
outpost was to be established on the slopes of the rugged Grunehogna
Mountains to provide an operational base for geologists and other scientists
engaged in survey work and other studies in the area. The camp would comprise
six buildings--three for sleeping, a general living room, a power shack and a
store--and would be able to accommodate 18 people. The official said that,

up to now, the teams of geologists and other scientists had to be flown to

the mountain area by helicopter and then live in tents. The new buildings
had been prefabricated in South Africa and were due to leave Cape Town in the
Polar supply ship, SA Agulhas, in a fort-night. A special team of construction
workers would travel with the ship to set up the new camp. All construction
work would be completed within two weeks. The Grunehogna Mountains tower
nearly 650 m above the icefields and are just over 1 500 km from the South
Pole. Summer temperatures in the area peak at 5 deg C and drop to minus 40

in winter when sunlight is not seen for two months.--Sapa. [Text] [Johannes-
burg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Dec 82 p 13]

TRADE SURPLUS DECLINE--South Africa's trade surplus for October declined
substantially, mainly because of a rise in imports and a decline in exports.
Figures released by the Customs and Excise show a surplus for October of
R251,7-million, against a surplus of $599,4-million the previous month and a
R24,9-million surplus a year ago. Exports during October fell to R1,76-
pillion from R1,91-billion in September, compared with R1,68-billion a year
ago. Imports for October totalled RL,51-billion, compared with R1,31-billion
in September and R1,66-billion in October the previous year. This is the first
time imports have risen after four consecutive monthly falls. Adam Jacobs,
economist at Volkskas, told me yesterday he believed the rise in imports was
mainly the result of the coming Christmas season and that these should resume

a normal pattern again after the festive season. Mr Jacobs says he is still

of the opinion that the current account of the balance of payments should start
to show a surplus on the middle of next year. The current account includes

the service account, which, as a rile, shows a monthly deficit of R300-million.
For the first ten months of this year, South Africa's trade deficit totalled
R2,3-million, against a R120,8-million deficit in the same period last year.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Dec 82 p 22]

TAIWANESE TRADE--Taipei--Taiwan and Lesotho yesterday signed two agreements in
Taipei to strengthen economic ties between the countries. Taiwanese Premier
Mr Sun Yun-Suan and the Prime Minister of Lesotho, Dr Leabua Jonathan,

signed the Sino-Lesotho Trade Agreement--Sapa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE
CITIZEN in English 2 Dec 82 p 8]

82



cso:

the Liberian residents going
against their ambassador.

After the cancellation of
the meeting, General Gbatu
said instead of all the stu-
dents leaving, few resorted
to breaking a door and
glasses of the embassy
building.

“at this point, he said,
the Italian police had to be
called in to arrest the
situation.

‘Two of the trouble-
shooters, he said, were
arrested, while the others
were escorted off the am-

3400/366

27

bassy grounds.

Citing another incident of
diplomatic incompetence, the
Speaker said another senior
staffer at the same mission
caused the Liberian govern-
ment much enbarrassment when
he failed to follow diploma-
tic channel in having a -re-
quest forwarded to the
Italian Foreign Ministry.

He said the” Italian
Foreing Ministry sent a
reply asking the Liberian
mission to send all it's re
quest in accordance with
diplomatic procedures.



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

WEST AFRICANS RECOGNIZE SWAHILI LANGUAGE'S POTENTIAL

Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 17 Nov 82 p 6

[text]

“English, the
debate on the need for a
common language for Africa
continues.

Such a development, it is
argued, would have a unify-
ing effect by overcoming the

barriers created by the col-

onial era which divided much
of the continent into English,
French and Portuguese —
speaking regions.

In the debate on a possible
African lingua franca,
Swahili has undoubtedly
emerged as the strongest can-
didate. Its claims have been
reinforced by external fac-
tors such as its inclusion two
years ago by the United-Na-
tion’s Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization
among its official languages.

Also, more than 20 coun-
tries now broadcast to Africa
in Swahili, and it has been

accorded a place in the cur-

ricula of academic institu-
tions throughout the world.

Although, as yet, enjoys
the status of a national
language only in Kenya and
Tanzania, Swahili is much
more widely used. More than
100 million — one sub-
Saharan African in four —
speak it, ranging from Ugan-
dans to Angolans, and
Zaireans to Mozambicans.

As with English, its vigor
and popularity, have been
ascribed to its readiness to
borrow from other languages

to build on its Bantu founda-

tions. About 30 per cent of
the vocabulary of today’s
Swahili is derived from
Arabic, but the influence of
the Egyptian dialect is evi-
dent as well as that of the
classical Arabic of
Zanzibar’s Arabs.

English has made a greater
impact than either Por-
tuguese or German, and is
likely to play an even bigger
role as the Swahili
vocabulary is expanded to
cover scientific terms.



MADAGASCAR

LIBYAN YOUTH AID REPORTED
Tananarive MADAGASCAR-MATIN in French 8 Oct 82 p 5

/Text/i:At the end of the morning yesterday, Mr Salem Ali Salem Dannah,
secretary of the People's Committee of the People's Bureau of the Socialist
People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to Madagascar delivered a batch of sports
equipment worth 5 million Malagasy francs to Youth Minister Koussay Said

Ali. On this occasion he stressed that through this gesture his country
wanted to participate in the promotion of group sports.in Madagascar. ‘ "This
is a gift from the Libyan youth to the Malagasy youth," he specified, "and we
hope that it will contribute to the promotion of group sports in all the
faritany's of the island." Mr Salem Ali Salem Dannah concluded his speech by
hoping for a strengthening of cooperation between the two countries.

As for Minister Koussay Said Ali, he was anxious to thank the Libyan people,
the Libyan youth and the country's government in the name of the Revolutionary
Power, the government and the Malagasy youth. "This gesture is greatly
appreciated," he continued, "particularly since it comes at a time when the
Malagasy Youth are beginning to thrive and to have good results, particularly
in the area of athletics." Afterwards, he stressed the fact that the
Democratic Republic of Madagascar regrets that the Tripoli summit failed.

"In any case," he stated, "we will always support the Libyan people so that
their leader Qadhdhafi may also become a leader of Africa. In order to do
this, we are going to support the success: of this ONU summit." In concluding
his speech, Minister Koussay Said Ali requested Mr Salem Ali Salem Dannah to
please convey the thanks of the Malagasy Youth to the Libyan leader, the
Libyan government and the Libyan Youth. Let us note that this ceremony for
the donation of the sports equipment took place on 7 October, in other words
on the 12th anniversary of the. withdrawal of the Italians who eplonized this
country since 1911. e

9693
cso: 3419/133

42



“African countries still provide more facilities and show more goodwill in
accepting the settlement of refugees or the displaced," he said.

Mr Zoliner singled out Tanzania as the first country to accept refugees
“massively and openly" in this way. Last year, he noted, Dar es Salaam had
given Tanzanian nationality to 30,000 people from Rwanda, after earlier
granting land to 10,000 of them.

Such action is welcomed by the UNHCR, which provides the wherewithal to set-
tle the refugees on land given by the host country. Help is mainly in the
form of self-sufficiency programmes in agricultural communities, as most
refugees in developing countries are from rural backgrounds.

Mr Zollner, who was taking part in an international conference on [words
indistinct] on the position stressed the anguish and suspicion felt by the
2.5 million young refugees of the continent.

"Uprooted children are not often able to understand the change in their life.
They feel isolated and are “sometimes incapable of communicating in the right
way," he said.

"Refugee children have often been witness to persecution, torture and death,"
Mr Zollner said. "Their families have often been split up or they themselves
have been cut off from their relatives. Worst of all they must sometimes
face rejection on their arrival in a country of refuge."

Even if asylum is granted, in many cases the constant fear remains that they
will have to move on again, he added. "Such situations engender a feeling
of insecurity and instability among children," he said, "with possible terri-
ble effects on their growth, both physical and mental."

Mr Zollner concluded in stressing that international efforts for refugee chil-
dren should concentrate on food aid--"because one child in four cannot eat
his fill in Africa"--and on education--"because time lost in this crucial
period of life cannot be made up later."

CsO: 3400/280



Complete Results for Antsiranana Faritany

Tananarive MADAGASCAR-MATIN in French 11 Noy 82 p 2

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sanoy 006T 38 Z8 AON TT JO SB uMoUy SjTNSseYy--7g AON £ JO UOTIOETY TeTIeEpTserd

36



From London, the honorable minister went to Paris where he also held fruitful

- talks with the authorities. France promised to send a mission to Lesotho to
establish a French program of aid to Lesotho. France has also identified and
studied three mini-hydroelectricity projects in Lesotho and has agreed to
finance them. France will also send a high-level mission to the SADCC Confer-
ence in Maseru early next year.

Meanwhile, Finland has approved a grant of $4.6 million for lighting of Lesotho
International Airport. During the discussions held between the Honorable
Sekhonyana and Finland authorities, improvement of the dairy industry was

also discussed. The Finnish government also promised that further bilateral
negotations will be held at the SADCC Conference in Maseru.

The most successful tour of Minister Sekhonyana has been the one to Sweden.
Here he met and held top-level talks with high-ranking government officials.
Sweden agreed to put Lesotho on its permanent aid program. It has also been
agreed that Sweden will finance a 200,000-hectare afforestation project.
When implemented, it will give employment to many people in Lesotho. Sweden
also agreed to support labor-intensive programs, soil conservation schemes
and women's activities. In general, Sweden emphasized that it gives both
political and economic support to Lesotho, which put Lesotho on its permanent
aid program and approved to give Lesotho a sizeable aid grant. [as heard]
The Swedish foreign minister will also attend the SADCC Conference.

Mr Sekhonyana said generally the impression he got from his tour is that
these countries fully support Lesotho, particularly in view of warm and
friendly messages they have asked him to pass on to the prime minister.

cso: 3400/280

15



CAMEROON

PREDICTIONS OFFERED FOR SITUATION UNDER BIYA

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3407, 22 Nov 82 pp 3009, 3011

[Article by S.K. Sam:

[Text]

OF PARTICULAR significance in the
Cameroonian presidential succession story
is the appointment. by the new President.
of one of the former President's closest
aides and a fellow Northern Moslem, Mr.
Bouba Bello Maigari. as Prime Minister.
His appointment is viewed with special
attention because it represents real pros-
pects for another Moslem President who
would, perhaps even more than President
Biya. continue to rule Cameroon in the
style and substance of former President
Ahidjo. It is expected that unlike his
predecessor and current President, Mr.
Biya, who was largely a ceremonial Prime
Minister, Mr. Bouba Bello Maigari, will be

a substantive Prime Minister with real and*

wide powers. Like his mentor, Mr. Ahidjo,
the new Prime Minister has risen rapidly in
Cameroon politics and is seen by many as
the real star on the post-Ahidjo scene.

It seems clear, from President Biya’s
first ministerial appointments, that the
regional and cultural power balance inher-
ited from former President Ahidjo is not
only being maintained but in fact appears
to be solidifying. The former President's
fellow northern Moslems have kept and
even augmented their key positions within
the government and party and the new
President has acted also to strengthen his
‘own regional and ethnic power base within
the Ewondo and Bulu groups centred
around the Nation’s capital, Yaoundé.
Although the Anglophones have gained an
additional minister in the person of Mr.
John Acha. a protegé of National Assem-
bly President Mr. S. T. Muna. with his

10

"Cameroon After Ahidjo"]

appointment as Secretary-General (Perma-
nent Secretary) in the Prime Minister's
office with ministerial rank, their actual
political power is as slight under President
Biya as under President Ahidjo.

The relationship between English-
speaking and French-speaking Cameroo-
nians is extremely tenuous and plagued by
mutual suspicions and petty hostilities.
Every Cameroonian. including politicians.
is aware of this and thus not even a shrewd
and dominant political leader like former
President Ahidjo. who was said to have
been personally committed to bilingualism
and unity. could afford to ignore those
realities and push genuine Anglophone-
Francophone integration too far too fast.

The Francophones have been particular-
ly keen on guarding their dominant role in
government and party affairs because they
constitute the majority of the national
population. Similarly. since the discovery
and exploitation of petroleum in the
‘Anglophone region of Victoria (renamed
Limbe in April this year). the
Anglophones have quietly but steadily
begun to demand a greater political and
economic role for their group because of
the major contribution that “thei * oil
revenues (estimated at some $3.000m. in
1981) make to the national budget.

These and other demostrations of the
petty hostility and rivalry between the two
groups indicate strongly that unity and
bilingualism cannot be achieved through
ministerial or presidential decrees or by
pretending that differences do not exist.
Rather, what is required is an acknow-



Navy Directive Rescinded

Nzuzo Detained

Victory for CNA Workers

Raids Continue in Cape Town

Bus Boycott in Durban Continues
Police Detain Mandela's Daughter
Nuclear Power Station

Strike Talks

cw1U

SWAZILAND

New Citizenship Law Explained
(James Dlamini; THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 23 Nov 82) .....6..

Quarterly Rise in Foreign Assets Reported
(THE SWAZI OBSERVER, 20 Nov 82) ...ssccscccscccescccesseees

Serious Unemployment Problem Faces Nation
(THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 23 Nov 82) ..secesceccecescesenees

Economy 'Hit by Lack of Planning'
(THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 22 Nov 82) ..cscececscececceeaees

Farmers' Indebtedness to CDC Reported
(James Dlamini; THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 22 Nov 82) ........

Briefs
ROC Cooperation

UGANDA

Obote's Management of Economic Problems Discussed
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 17 Nov 82) ......se00e

ZAIRE

Situation With New Cabinet Members Analyzed
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 17 Nov 82) ..scccccceccccescceesecers

ZIMBABWE

Southern African Women's Conference Held in Harare
(THE HERALD, 23 Nov 82) ........ eee eee eee eee .

We Can Learn From Chinese Press, Says Ndhlovu
(THE HERALD, 20 Nov 82) .sscscscscscececececeeeceseeeees see

Government Land Resettlement Plans Reported
(Munyaradzi Chenje; THE HERALD, 23 Nov 82) ...

87

88

90

94

95

96

97

100

101

103

104



It was no good importing
‘sophisticated machinery if
there weren't those skilled
‘enough to maintain them.
People needed to be able
to control their lives, and

provide

their families

basics — food, clothes
and shelter — otherwise

they could not claim to
be self-reliant. — *

“Physical well-being in-
cludes control of “the:
_means of’ production, such
as the land and industries,
so that the nroducts of
the country directly bene-
fit the masses.”

‘The right kind of edu-
cation could lead them to-
wards that goal, Cde
‘Chung said, and that didn’t.
mean that the present
system, where ex2mina-
tions were the be-all and
end-all, was the ideal.

Cde Augustine Nyama-
tore, Principal Planner in
the Ministry of Finance,
Economic Planning and
Development, suggested
ways of reducing the cost
of education to achieve
more self-reliance and
make education possible
for all.

Although the cost ot
providiag new. primary
schools had been handed
over to local authorities,
even a city like Harare
would be unable to meet
the expense involved, he
said.

cso: 3400/393

Cde Nyamatore sug:
gested exploring the intro-
duction of an education
levy, computed in an
equitable way. He spoke’
about “merit goods” and
_said education could be
considered one of them,

“We produce _ these

merit goods at consider-
able cost, but offer them
at zero price. We choose
to open the doors (of edu-
cation) to ensure that no
one will be turned away
from the service because
‘of its cost, and thén we
finance the service with
compulsory payments, in\
this case, an education
levy.”
“He cited as an exam-
ple oi self-reliance “the
efforts of people in Maro-
ndera_ wio had built,
through their own labours,
the Robert Mugabe School
at half. of what it would
have cost if built by a
private contractor.

The stepressing news,
which again sparked off
debate on socia‘ism. was
provided by Mr Rob
Davies, from the Univer-
sity of Zimbabwe, who
said that his “crude” cal-
culations produced some
frightening figures — by
1990, there would he be-
tween 4) and 5 million
children in primary schoo}.

‘At the present estimated
Government input of $178
per pupil, between $600
and $1000 milliou would
be needed.

106

He had come to no con-
clusions about self-reli-
amce in education, but
questioned whether’ self-
help schemes really re-
duced the cost of educa-
tion.

“The jabour of the
people should be har-
niessed for the social good,”
said Cde Chung in reply,
rejecting a statement that
the provision of fre- labour
by some sections of the
community wasn’t neces-

“sarily self-help, but ex-

ploitation. .
Another member of the

‘floor said that at his

children’s school, he and
others had suggested or-
ganising parents to “re-
inforce the — teaching
structure”, thereby us 1g
community resources, but
that this had been blocked
by the Ministry of-Educa-
tion,”

“Let us not become like
Kenya, where the peasant
is bearing the brunt of
the cost of education. and
the ruling classes still
have the best options.”

For all, involved in the
first day -of the confer-
ence, the discussion. on
self-reliance, self-help
hinged on, and always
came back to, the debate
on socialism. And in some
instances there.was some
self-confessed confusion
about the nature of scien-
tific socialism.



go further and abandon detention without trial altogether? For no matter
what improvements they might attempt--and those announced this week are the
bare and long overdue minimum--they are merely tinkering with a bad law which

should be expunged from our statute books.
Whatever benefits the police believe they derive from a system which puts
people beyond the reach of the courts, these are surely outweighed by the

untold damage it has inflicted on South Africa's good name abroad-~and on
its sense of itself as a humane and civilised society.

cso: 3400/279

65



LEGAL PRACTITIONERS PRESENT RESOLUTION TO STRENGTHEN JUDICIARY

Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in Enblish 19 Nov 82 pp 1, 10

[article by Abdullah Dukuly]

[text]

A 13-point resolution to streamline and strengthen the judiciary in
Liberia has been presented toGovernment by a top-level delegation

of legal practitioners.

The resolution, which called
for the setting up of some com-
mittee and the re-activation of
others to upgrade legal
jurisprudence, was submitted
recently at the’ Executive Man-
sion, following, the convening in

fonrovia of :ay Third: Judicial

Organised by the People’s
Supreme Court, the conference
also recommended that the Peo-
ple’s Special Court on Theft and
Related Offences, be.-placed

litigants to the People’s Supreme
‘Court.

Evils

The conference was in
Tesponse to the recent instruc-
tion by the Head of State that
the Chief Justice convene a
meeting of judges and lawyers,
to review their role in the socie-
ty.

The Head of State had spoken
against the professional ethics of
Justices of the Supreme Court,
Judges of the Circuit Courts and

ious legal irregularities... ¢

Addressing himself later to the
Head of State’s accusation in a
release, Chief Justice Emmanuel
N. Gbalazeh said, among other
things: “This concern should
not be taken lightly, since most
of what the Head of State saié
were the very evils I and
members of the Supreme Court
have continued to act against.””

The conference, which
brought together Justices of the
Supreme Court, judges of the
lower courts as well as lawyers
throughout the country had as
its themeg‘‘Equal Justice Under
The Law’”

20

LIBERIA



official dauphin. He is one of the few Camerounians who
has not used political power to make money. Politically
he remains something of a mystery in both African and
international diplomacy.

It is no surprise that the successor to 22 years of
northern muslim predominance is a christian from the
centre-south region. A general consensus had emerged
in recent years..among the senior southern political,
military and economic élite that the continuation of
northern rule could lead to a civil war. At the town of
Bafoussam in 1980 the congress of the ruling Union
Nationale Camerounaise (UNC) saw efforts made to
ease out Ahidjo in favour of someone from the centre-
south. Ahidjo resisted and a compromise was worked
out: he could remain president for one more five year
term if Biya was officially named as the designated
successor.

Pressure also came from the higher echelons of the
armed forces, which were upset by Ahidjo’s fumbling of
the 1981 maritime, border crisis with Nigeria and his
weak reaction to the expulsion of 10,000 Camerounian
workers from Gabon. Long undermanned and poorly
armed, the army was able to have government credits for
its modernisation significantly upgraded in the 1982
and 1983 budgets. And the southern business élite was
upset by the extensive credit facilities given fledgling
northern businessmen by the government. It led to
considerable peculation, real estate and land speculation
and a weakening of the banking system because
northerners often forget to repay their loans.

Ahidjo’s decision to retire is thus timely. He will be
able to pull strings from back-stage, so that Biya in the
short-term, will be a prisoner of the “systeme Ahidjo”.
His first cabinet reshuffle, principally technical in
nature, was certainly cautious. The nomination of 35-
year-old Bello Bouba Maigari, a Fulani from Ahidjo’s
town of Garoua, as prime minister, was presumably
designed to maintain regional balance by having a
northerner as number two. The replacement in the
pivotal post of secretary-general of the president’s office
of the southerner Samuel Eboua by Sadou Daouda from
the north, was in the same vein. Other northerners
occupy crucial cabinet posts: Maikono Abdoulaye,
minister of the armed forces, Youssoufa Daouda,
minister of the civil service, and Amadou Mustapha,
minister of housing and urbanism. In the security forces,
the north can count on the support of Issa Bakary, head
of the Gendarmerie Nationale, Lt. Col. Ibrahim Sale,
commander of the Garde Republicaine and the palace
suard, Ousmanou Daouda, head of the president’s
military cabinet and Col. Oumaroudjam Yaya, deputy
head of the feared secret service, le Centre National de
Documentation (CND) — still familarly called by its pre-
1975 name of Dirdoc.



cso:

Bestman. He however did not
say whether cars newly
acquired by government would
have the same discount.
Already, the National Hous-
ing and Savings Bank, a pub-
lic institution, has been
identified as the likely
agent with whom buyers will

have to- sign a chartered
mortgage, Minister Bestman
said.

Mr. Bestman explained, this
is to guarantee that should
the official be dismissed
from government service or
resigned he will continue to
pay for the vehicle.

Once the car is sold, the
owner would be required to
register. it as his personal
property, which involve tax
payment to government.

Minister Bestman views the
car purchasing scheme as hav—
ing a dual advantage for
government.

3400/366

25

- One, that it will generate
additional revenue. And
two, it will cut government 's
annual cost for the mainten-
ance of vehicles.

The Acting Minister empha-
sized in strong terms that
the cars involved in this
progfaitl! ae +eare°! -alseady
assure to pubMie Servants.
Government. is ,net going to
{buy new ones, he said.
|, Only in the event where
another individual is appoin-
|ted to succeed a dismissed
‘official (presumedly a Mini-
ster or agency head) it is
proposed that government buy
a car for the new official if
he is without a vehicle,
Bestman said.

However, the official
turn would be required to buy
the car from government at 75
percent of its - original
price, Bestman concluded.

in-



ECONOMY 'HIT BY LACK OF PLANNING'

Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 22 Nov 82 pp 1, 16

[Text]

A LEADING economist has
hit out at the inadequate
central planning in Swazi-

ior lecturer in economics at
the University of Swaziland,
said this inadequacy in
central planning had been re-
sponsible for the tendency in
the Kingdom's economy to
move away from the attai-
nment of government social
jectives.

Swaziland’s
developmental objectives, he
said, included higher produ-
ction growth, higher emplo-
yment rate, more equitable
income distribution and
higher self-reliance.

“From rough estimates, it
would seem that over the
period since independence
(1968) there has been a mo-
vement away from, rather
than towards, the attai-
nment of these objectives,”
Dr. Matsebula said.

cso: 3400/392

He said from 1968 to
1973, overall production
rose by an annual average

-_ rate of 12 per cent.

Presenting a paper “ata
meeting at the Central
he said between 1974 and
1978, production rose by an
annual average of 7,1 per

oe Gurrent estimates
indicate that —_ overall
production rose at an ann-
ual average rate of 2.2 per
cent over 1979-81,”
Matsebula.

“Thus, growth in eco-
nomy-wide production has
tended to decelerate over the
post-independence _ period,”

he said.
Over 1968-79, - Dr.

said Dr. |

Matsebula said per capita :

income in the urban sector
grew at an annual average
rate of 4,5 per cent while in

+. the communally-owned co-

mponent of agriculture it
grew at an annual average
rate of 0,2 per cent.

“To the extent that the co-
mmunally-owned —_ compo-
nent of agriculture contains
over 70 per cent of total
Population, sectoral income-
distribution has tended to
become more, rather than

es, unequal — notwith-
the usual
conmeptaal and practical

problems surrounding the
_ Measurement. of per capita
income,” he said.
| __Dr. Matsebula, a member
if of the Prime Minister's Ec-
onomic Advisory Council,
said there were numerous
reasons ‘why the economy
has tended to move away
| from, the attainment of
|_higher production growth,
‘higher employment rate,
more quitable income distri-
bution and higher self-
reliance.

He said: “One of the
major reasons is less-than-
adequate development or na-
_ tional central planning on
the part of the public sector.”

94

- government

SWAZILAND

Left to itself, he said the
economy cannot be expected
to move automatically.
towards the achievement of
social
objectives. “This should be
obvious to anyone familiar
with "the literature on
“market failure,” he said.

Dr. Matsebula submitted
that social accounting
methods provided one
avenue for such improve-
ment required in Swaziland’s
present planning procedures.

These methods, he said
hinge on a matrix (known as
a social accounting matrix)
which protrays the various
‘components of the economy
in a comprehensive and |
integrated form.

He argued that most ot |
the weaknesses of the Kin-
‘gdom’s current planning pro-
cedure ‘could be obviated !
through the application of |

. Social accounting methods. ©



NEW CITIZENSHIP LAW EXPLAINED

Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 23 Nov 82 pp 1, 16

[Article by James Dlamini]

[Text]

THE Citizenship Bill will eli-
minate marriages of conven-
ience between Swazis and fo-
reigners seeking citizenship.

The traditional system of
obtaining Swazi citizenship
through chiefs (kukhonta) is
also to be codified and emb-
odied in the law.

Speaking during the first
reading of the Bill in Par-
liament yesterday, Deputy
Prime . Minister Ben
Nsibandze warned that when
the Bill becomes law there
will be tight controls against
marriages of conyenience for
the purpose of helping fore-
igners get Swazi citizenship.

“Without such controls,
one can foresee the danger of
men marrying a string of for-
eign wives, getting them citi-
zenship and then divorcing
them,” Senator Nsibandze
said. “Provisions have been
made in the Bill to deal with
such a situation when it
arises,” he said.

Senator ‘Nsibandze said
marriage to a Swazi man will
not mean automatic gra-
nting of citizenship. The wo-
man would have to make ce-
rtain declarations before citi-
zenship is granted.

cso: 3400/392

He warned that when pe-
ople “khonta” to a chief,
they should ensure that the
full processes are completed

_to avoid problems which

have been encountered in the
past before the system was
codified.

He said a number of peo-
ple merely khontad to chiefs
and then considered themse-

Ives as being Swazis without
the full processes being co- !

mpleted.

He explained that when a
person khontas to a. chief,
the chief, after consultation
Wits. .s village council, rep-
orts to the King and makes
recommendations. When the
King approves he issues a
khonta certificate -and the
person is taken by the chief
to the Deputy Prime Min-
ister’s Office who then issues
a citizenship certificate.

“You only end up with the
chief “if it is internal move-
ment from chief to chief wi-
thin the borders of the cou-
ntry. If a person comes from
outside the borders of the co-
Uuntry then it has to go thr-

‘Tough the whole process,” he
said.

Senator Nsibandze reca-
Hed that the problem of state-

87

the situatic

less persons who regarded
themselves. as Swazis by
khonta was so serioes that in
1974 a committee was set up
by the government to go out
into the country side to find
these people and register
them.

“These people could not
get passports in terms of the
Passports Act, their children

“could not” get scholarships —

bursaries and their rights
were not defined,” he said.

“In presenting this Bill,
we are trying to normalise
” he said. He
stated that some people who
were caught in this situation
resisted registration because
they were born in the cou-
ntry.

“I need not say that there
will continue to be natural
born Swazis as we all know
what that is in SiSwati,” he
added. He stated that people
can be allowed to renounce

* their citizenship on condition

the reason is a genuine one
not meant to dodge national
duties or as some kind if
escapade, *

Two MPs cited some p
problems in the Bill:

Mr. S.M. Dlamini wanted
to know how the DPM

“committee,

SWAZILAND

would grant citizenship to all
those people who were re-
gistered by the government

“What about the’ crit
nals among them, the arro-
gant criminals who confront
the chiefs and say they have
khontad?”

Mr. Dlamini would like
farm owners to. be brought
under the control of chiefs
for the purposes of applying

nship. He said this
way the chiefs would be able
to appraise their conduct and
‘say whether or not they kick
‘Swazis in the back in their
farms.

‘He was also worried about
a provision to grant citizen-
ship to children who are born
of Swazi women and foreign
fathers who abandon them.
“Does it mean we are going
to take all these people? We
will be overpopulated there
are so many of them,” he
said.

Mr. O.Z. Dlamini pointed
out some vague provisions in
the Bill which he suggested
should be amended.



Biya will require considerable political acumen to
reinforce his position before the presidential elections
scheduled for 1985 without touching off a major ethnic
and/or institutional crisis. The unwritten rules of govern-
ment in the country, based on a regional, religious and
linguistic division of powers, reduce his room for
manoeuvre to a minimum. He will have to count on a
solid front of solidarity from all southern tribes, includ-
ing the Bamiléké, support from the English-speakers in
western Cameroun and the wooing of certain northern
tribes marginalised by the unquestionable predominance
of the Fulani.

The division of power

According to our score card, the delicate regional
equilibrium in the principal organs of power is as
follows:
TM@ The north has 29% of the 8.5m Camerounian population but
only 22.5% of the cabinet posts; the centre-south has 19.5% and
26%; the west 13.5% and 16%; the north-west 13% and 13%; the
littoral 12% and 6.5% (this discrepancy is due to the political
side-lining of the Bamiléké, the prime movers in the 1960s
rebellion by the Union des Populations Camerounaises (UPC) );
the south-west 8% and 9,5% and the east 5% and 6.5%.
TM Of the 42 elected members of the UNC central committee
(another 7 are appointed) 10 are from the north, 9 from the
south-west, 2 from the east, 4 from the littoral, 4 from the
south-west, 8 from the west and 5 from the north-west.
TM Geo-political equations in the UNC 12-member political
bureau have Victor Ayissi Mvodo and Paul Biya representing the
centre-south, Emmanuel Egbe Tabi the south-west, Solomon
Tanding Mouna and Nsakwa Ngi the north-west, Sabal Lecco the
east, Moussa Yaya, Bello Bouba Maigari and Sadou Daodou the
north, Maurice Bwele the littoral and Nji Nchouwat and Samuel
Kame the west.

Control over the armed forces and the security
apparatus is essential for Biya’s consolidation. Several of
the potentates closely associated with the ancien régime
will have to be edged out. For example, Samuel Kame,
permanent secretary of defence since independence, is
one of the pillars of Ahidjo’s influence. He has the
reputation for being a hardline ideologue and fairly
ruthless in countering the opposition. Another baron
closely associated with the former head of state is Jean
Fochive, head of the CND. The commander of the presi-
dential guard, Lt. Col. Ibrahim Sale, a northerner, is in a
similar position. Biya’s allies in this sphere are Paul
Ngbwa, director of the Siiréré Nationale, and Mbarga
Nguele, head of the Renseignements Généraux.

The armed forces are headed by Gen. Semengue, the
country’s only general. To prevent possible coordination
between ranking officers, there is no central command
structure, and officers commanding regional garrisons
are continually shuffled to prevent them from building
up a potential power-base. The best known of the army’s
10 colonels are Abba-Kaka Bourkou, Nganso Sandji,
Ondoa Essomba, Ousmanou Daouda and Epanya Tiki,



However, Professor Magagula pointed out, the capacity of the agricultural
sector (particularly Swazi nation land) to create enough empioyment oppor-
tunities is extremely restricted. Factors such as the land tenure system,
access to credit, availability of Markets and the provision of. enough resources
to the Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives to enable that agency to oper—
ate effectively are considerably impediments to increasing agricultural produc-
tion and to provide adequate opportunities for gainful employment.

“Furthermore, I wish to point out that our conception of the term ‘farmer’ is
misguided. Not all people residing in rural areas are farmers. Consequently,
rural development strategies, aimed primarily at agricultural development,
cannot contain the growing employment demands of rapidly increasing rural
populations. In fact, while agriculture creates employment for some people in
the rural areas, it also creates unemployment and poverty for others. It is
with this effect in mind that a much bolder and multi-faceted approach to rural
development is strongly advocated."

Goal

Professor Magagula ended his address on a warning that equate feasibility with
desirability, and this is a disastrous pitfall of the historical debate over
the general subject of development."

"In the case of Swaziland because a goal is desirable, must be feasible as well.
We have to recognise that our resources are scarce, our needs are enormous and
we do not have enough money, time or train manpower for all the important task
that need our attention.

The pursuit of the desirable may often by infeasible, wasting the scare re-
sources is consumes. Conversely, because a certain goal is feasible should
not necessary mean that it is desirable as well.

Opting for programmes simply because they appear to be feasible is likely to

foreclose the search for other options that could have greater impact in reduc—
ing rural poverty, resulting in substantial opportunity costs.

csO: 3400/392

93



recovery and the existence of Uganda as a practical
national entity will be in question.

The elections in 1980 showed, if nothing else, that
Uganda’s internal politics were polarizing along tribal
lines, with Obote’s Uganda People’s Congress (UPC) the
natural home of all the northerners, and Paul
Ssemogerere’s Democratic Party the natural home of the
powerful Baganda. It will be recalled that the UPC won
in the north but was humiliated in Buganda and that the
DP swept the board in Buganda but did not win a single
seat in th. north.

There are many reasons for this divide: historical,
educational, the imbalance of economic development
between north and south, and because both Obote and
Amin are northerners. The rift has shown no signs of
healing. Since most of Uganda’s foreign exchange is
created by Baganda farmers, the implications of a
hardening of the north-south split are obvious. Obote
himself wrote in December of last year that coffee was
the key to Uganda’s immediate future. The politically
stubborn Baganda peasant farmers are well aware of
that. During the past two years anti-government forces
have had significant success in persuading them to with-
hold their coffee from sale. “Every pound of coffee you
sell to the government buys Obote one more gun” is a
common slogan. With the army rampaging through
villages, the peasants do not need much persuading.

Peasant farmers and coffee apart, Uganda’s mainly
Baganda professional manpower was decimated in the
Amin years. Many of these young, qualified Ugandans
remain abroad. It is vital that many of them be enticed
back to Uganda, which needs them in schools, hospitals,
and as civil servants. However, the downfall of Amin
persuaded very few to return. Most preferred to wait
and see whether Obote could reintroduce law and order.
Yet today there is still a net outflow of Ugandans, many
of them refugees who have lost all their property under
suspicion of being anti-government guerrillas. In the
West Nile district (Amin’s homeland) refugees are
streaming across the border into Zaire and southern
Sudan. Most of them are innocent, having only the mis-
fortune to belong to the Kakwa, Lugbara and Madi
tribes, which were in the ascendancy during Amin’s
reign. The majority of them never benefitted in any way
from Amin’s rule. Yet they are being butchered now by
the same mindless verdict of “guilt by association” that
so decimated Obote’s Langi people during the Amin era.

In fairness to Obote, his government does face a
serious armed threat in both the West Nile district and in
Buganda. Any government would feel duty bound to
counter such a threat. Given the disarray of the army,
Obote’s only option is to win gradually the sympathy
of the people in these two regions. But so far he has lost
the fight for the hearts and minds of both the West Nile

98



INCREASED ANC COOPERATION WITH PLO INDICATED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Dec 82 p 10

[text]

DURBAN. — There
were indications that
the banned African
National Congress
planned to step up
its terror campaign
against South Africa
as the result of in-
creased _co-opera-

; tion with the Palesti-
nian Liberation Orga-
nisation, the Minister
of Defence, General
Magnus Malan, said
yesterday.

: Speaking in Durban,
where the latest in a series
of  locally-manufactured
naval assault craft was
handed over to the Navy,
Gen Malan said the coun-
try was well-prepared for
the planned attacks.

i e“‘South: Aftica will take

peary steps at ail

on: its “so-
vereignty,” he said.

“1 also wish to point

out to these terrorist or-
ganisations,, and those

CSO: 3400/362

who harbour them; that
they stand to gain nothing
from these continued at-
tacks against, and in, the
RSA.

“On the other hand, I
wish to assure these orga-
nisations that some self-
control from them would
contribute towards tran-
quility, peace and stabili-
tyon the sub-continent.”

Gen Malan said South
Africa did not want to
destabilise any neigh-
bouring states, but, at the
same. titpe ia
Jerate effi
destabi

e assault. véssélyust faunch-
“ed — a high-speed mis-
sile-carrier patrol boat —
he said the South African
arms industry had now
reached the stage where it
was actively involved in
an overseas marketing
campaign for its weapons.

Since the recent Athens
arms exhibition, at which

61

SOUTH AFRICA

South Africa had shown
some of its most sophis-
ticated weapons before
being ordered to with-
‘draw, Armscor-had been
‘receiving inquiries from
all quarters of the globe.

' “As far as

te any time with
st in the world.”
The latest in a series of
'Minister-class naval . as-
sault craft, the SAS Kobie
“Coetzee is a high-speed
missile-carrier equipped
with modem detection
-and fire-control systems.
It was constructed by the
Sandock Austral com-
_ Pany in co-operation with
Armscor.

» Ina brief statement is-
sued in Pretoria, Armscor
Said South Africa was
now able to meet its own
demands as far as buil-
ding sea craft was con-
cerned. Sapa.



The recommendation, also contained in the President's Council's first
report, that there should be a maximum degree of separation of functions
between the legislature and the executive has emerged as the main point of
conflict between the government and the President's Council.

The PC's Constitutional Committee warned in its latest report that it would
be "unwise to link the proposed strong and stable executive too closely to
a legislature which was still trying to find its feet."

The PC report also recommended that ministers and deputy ministers should
not be members of parliament and should not hold any office in parliament.

cso: 3400/279

67



ECONOMIC SITUATION IN COUNTRY ANALYZED

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English No 23, 17 Nov 82 p 3

fArticle:

[text]

"The Economy: The Party Is Over"]

Cameroun is fast taking the place previously occupied by
Kenya and the Ivory Coast in diplomatic and_ business
mythology. Following the collapse of the Ivorian “economic
miracle” and the coup attempt against President Daniel arap
Moi, Cameroun is put forward in business forums and by risk
analysis think tanks as the paradigm for African development.

Most international banks’ give Cameroun the unique distinc-
tion of being the sole African state to be accorded the triple A
rating for credit. American banks have joined the rush to the
Cameroun triggered by the coming on stream of offshore oil in
the late 1970s. Chase Manhattan Bank and the First National
Bank of Boston have already opened up branches, and Bank of
‘America is to open an affiliate early next year. American bankers
believe they are in for a bonanza, but French banking executives
with longer experience and a better knowledge of the intricate
workings of the economic system, reckon that their new US
competitors are likely to get saddled with a large number of un-
viable and politically imposed loans to local businessmen. The
government imposes low interest rates, which makes domestic
loans highly unattractive.

Cameroun is also touted as an agricultural success story and
for maintaining the population on the land. But it is not as
impressive as made out, The “green revolution” launched with
fanfare in 1972 has failed to live up to expectations. There is
growing concern that the cost of locally produced foodstuffs
continues to be too high. In spite of official rhetoric, the pace of
rural exodus has accelerated: 16% of the population lived in the
urban centres in 1970, 34% in 1980 and 65% could do so by
1990. This is one of the fastest rates of urbanization in the third
world. The social situation in Douala has become explosive, with
crime and poverty rampant, and housing impossible to come by
for newcomers.

The results of industrialisation are also mixed. Overall growth
in the industrial sector during fiscal 1981 was about 14%, in
comparison with an impressive 23% the previous year. Particularly
affected by the down-turn was the timber, textile and cement
industries. Some expensive prestige schemes have turned out to
be white elephants. The Cellucam pulp paper mill, having
cost CFA82bn, is running at a huge operating loss. There have
been calls to close it down, as an ill-conceived fertiliser plant was
in 1980, but the government’s prestige is too much on the line
this time. The Compagnie Camerounaise de l’Aluminium
(Alucam) is now stockpiling a good portion of its output, and

12

CAMEROON



FARMERS' INDEBTEDNESS TO CDC REPORTED

Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 22 Nov 82 pp 1, 16

[Article by James Dlamini]

[Text]

MORE than 260
farmers at Vuvu-
lane Irrigated Fa-
rms project are fa-
cing a serious fi-
nancial crisis.

They owe money for
running costs to the

Commonweaith Deve-
(eyment Corporation

Co are able to pay
their debts but they get
no profits from their
sugar cane yields.

The situation is so ser-
ious that some have tried to
defy the project’s regulations
by destroying young cane
plants and planted either co-
tton or mealies in its place.
Two have been reprimanded
for this. They are a Mr.
Nkonyane and a Mr.
Shabangu.

Another man is said to be
planning to cultivate cotton
in a field officially allocated
for sugar cane. This was said
by his employees, but he was
not home when a Times inv-
estigating team visited his
home at the weekend.

but uncultivated field and
said the harvested sugar cane
would be réplaced with
cotton.

cso: 3400/392

There is a strong feeling
among the farmers that the
‘sugar cane project should be
abandoned and the: fields
allocated for cane used for
seasonally cultivating maize
and cotton.

“Our small maize and
cotton gardens are our only
source of survival,” said Mrs.
Duduzile Nzima.

“This year alone, my hu-
“spand owes CDC more pre than
E500 for running costs

, alone. The records are with

my husband but the figure is
much higher than my esti-
mate. This is after my hus-
band has paid all that he re",
ceived from the sugar cane '
yields for the season,” she
said,

The Nzimas cultivate
ight acres of sugar cane and
en acre of mealies. The
debts are for watering the
fields, field tractors, cane
cutting labour and certain
other equipment provided by
CDC. They also have to pay
rent for the land.

“CDC tells us that they
spent E28 million for the
bush-<learing and putting
the project into operation. I
understand we are also pa-
ying for that,” the secretary
of the farmers co-operative,
Mr. Godlisa Maziya said.

“Deductions are being
made to recover the E28
million, but we are not
shown the books and we.

don’t know how much has
been recovered to date,” he
said. “They are not prepared
to give usa breakdown of
the deductions made,” he
added. He represents the
263 farmers.

“I think the situation can

be redeemed by the follo-
wing:

“The farmers should be gi-
ven more freedom on the
day-to-day running of their
own farms and the type of
equipment they wish to use.

“There should be an open
accounting system in which
the farmers will have access
to examine the books of acc-
ounts.”

Mr. Maziya joined the
Project in 1971 and has been
making a profit from his
cane fields until recently.
“Since these bad times we
have been making
Suggestions but we have

* been told to keep quiet and

95

take what we are told to
take,” he said.

Losses

In 1977 four farmers left
the project after suffering
heavy losses.

This year Mr. Maziya’s
gross earnings from sugar
cane amounted to
6,366.42, He paid CDC
E6,189.54 for running costs
from the gross earnings. He
paid E171.88 for a bank loan
account and ES for bank
charges. _

SWAZILAND

“I still owe Barclays Bank
E1,000 plus £348.16
interest. Last year I failed to
_Pay anything at all,” he said.

Senator Lokhakhi Dlamini
is one of the farmers
affected. We found -him
selling pumpkins —_— in
‘Vuvulane.

“I don’t have any figures
teadily available,” he said.”
But I can tell you I did not
get anything from my sugar
cane this year,”. He said he
used it all to pay his debts.

On the other hand many
of the farmers themselves do
not seem serious about
farming. Many maize and
cane fields are covered in a
forest of weeds and this is

' bound to affect the yields.
' Some gardens are'so dry they

are obviously not properly
watered when water is in ab-
undance.

When we arrived at the
home of one farmers we ere
told he had gone out to sell
fish and mahewu. A young
girl told us he did this quite
often.

Another development is
that the employees of the
farmers live in health
hazardous hovels and are
paid irregular salaries, In
some months when the
farmers” do not have
money” they are not paid at



LIBERIA

SOVIET TRADE 'EXPERT' SEEKS TRADE AGREEMENT RATIFICATION

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 19 Nov 82 pp 7, 8

lExcerpt]

- informed

The Soviet Union wishes to
have trade links with Libe-
ria, according to Mr. Nico-
lai S. Polunin, one of two
Soviet trade "experts" cur-
rently visiting the country.

Commerce Ministry re-
lease issued Thursday said
Mr. Polunin during a cour-
tesy call at that Ministry
acting Minister
Ayun kK. Cassell that his
government wasconcerned about
the trade agreement signed
between both countries in
1979 but not been ratified.

Mr. Polunin said the ra-
tification of the trade
agreement was important for
the promotion of trade and
commercial activities . be-
tween Liberia and the Soviet
Union.

According to the release,
Mr. Polunin noted with in-
terest the visit of a Libe-
rian. delegation last May to
the Soviet Union where they
reportedly held fruitful
talks with Soviet authori-
ties on ways of improving
trade relations between both
countries,

Mr. Polunin was accom-

.panied to the Commerce Mi-

ESO: 3400/366 .

17

z Reapentaig Paripa Sebr | a: We

nistry by Mr. A Smirnov the
other member of the delega-
ion. Both men, are fiationed

Stern +béone: “BE ftrade’
Lrepresentati ives... .

is@hl cal
Ory ath
cilitate the realization of
the goals and objectives of
both countries in their ef-
forts to promote trade and
commerce.

He said by the establish-
ment of diplomatic relation,
both governments had looked
forward to forging closer
and greater economic -links.

Mr. Cassell pointed “out,

"that * Liberiaj‘as" a" a dévelop-
ing country, needs the as-
sistance and technology of
developed countries for the
‘improvement of the welfare
of its people.

It is along this line, he
said, that the PRC continues
to adhere to the principle
of establishing economac
links with friendly coun-
tries, the release quoted
Mr. Cassell as saying.



POSSIBILITIES FOR OJUKWU ANALYZED

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English No 23, 17 Nov 82 pp 6-7

[Article:

[Text]

"Running Mates'

NIGERIA: RUNNING MATES, Contrary to widespread reports,
Odumegwu Ojukwu has not yet joined President Shagari’s
National Party of Nigeria (NPN). A formal declaration by him
to this effect had been widely expected on his 49th birthday in
early November, and he came close to it when he said that the
Tbos in Imo and Anambra states should “stop being confronta-
tional towards the federal government because it is natural that
nobody at the centre would give assistance to any state that
proves confrontational”. While this shows a positive approach
to the NPN as well as a nice line in pragmatism, it falls short of
joining the party.

Ojukwu is reluctant to burn his bridges without being otfered
a major post. Because returning from his Ivory Coast exile he
seemed convinced that the vice-presidency had been offered to
him, possibly because some of the NPN emissaries went further
than Shagari would have done. More recently senior NPN
officials have spoken of Ojukwu in relation to one of the 19
national vice-chairmanships (one for each state). Ojukwu is un-
likely to think in those terms.

Shagari may yet have to offer Ojukwu a major post to ensure
victory in next year’s elections, but several considerations weigh
against this move. Ojukwu’s public support among the Ibos has
fallen off considerably since his return in June, and a number of
his former allies have spoken out against his early return to
politics. Secondly, for many influential NPN members trom the
north, co-operation with Ojukwu is anathema. Alhaji Abubakar

Tugar, a Bauchi member of the House of Representatives and
chairman of its important committee on states creation, has
publicly said that he would leave the NPN if Ojukwu joins it.
Finally, Ojukwu’s flamboyant personality would put Shagari,
whose manner is restrained, in the shade.

The only other leader thought capable of attracting most of
the Ibo votes is ex-president Nnamdi Azikiwe, who heads the
Nigeria People’s Party (NPP). Ojukwu has already proved useful
to the NPN as a lever on the NPP against cementing its alliance
with the UPN and other parties comprising the Progressive
Parties’ Alliance (PPA). This grouping would have to be led by
‘Azikiwe to win support in the north or east, where Unity Party
of Nigeria (UPN) leader Obafemi Awolowo is still regarded as the
chief adversary — a reputation he seems able to shake off.
Reports earlier this month that Awolowo had agreed to become
‘Azikiwe’s running mate may have been NPN-inspired; anyhow,

46

NIGERIA



According to Yotopoulos "No less than three patriarchs in the beterature of
development Baran, Nurkse and Lewis, who occupy vastly different positions,
politically and analytically, among developing economists, argue that indus-
trialisation alone can raise agricultural wages, modernise agriculture and
provide employment for labour displaced by machines.

Professor Magagula said this view had been tarnished by recent historial
events and cannot be recommended as a panacea for Swaziland's unemployment
problems. In fact, he said, the position of Swaziland's employment disequili-
brium can partly be attributed to national policies which, in the history of
Swaziland's economic development, have tended to ignore provision of adequate
employment opportunities in agriculture and in rural areas, in favour of
creating severely localized industrial enclaves such as those in the
Mbabane/Manzini corridor.

Labour absorption in these industrial enclaves has proven to be extremely
limited to cope with the rapidly expanding labour force."

Professor Magagula said various strategies had been proposed for resolving the
unemployment problem in Swaziland but immediately conceded that no single
strategy could be adopted by Swaziland to solve these problems.

Consequently, Professor Magagula said, policy should give consideration to
adopting several interventions at varying degrees of intensity, taking into
account the limited resources available.

He said some of the strategies were improving and expanding the rate of domes—
tic and foreign investment.

Unwise

"Tt has been argued in certain quarters that additional employment opportun-
ities will only come from the expansion of the private sector. While there is
validity in the argument that the private sector must continue to expand so as
to create employment opportunities, it is unwise to take this assertion at its
face value without investigating its feasibility and its capacity to cope with
the rapidly deteriorating employment situation in Swaziland.

"Firstly, investment is a function of the availability of local and foreign
investible funds. Given the prevailing global economic recession, there is no
question that access to and availability of such funds are becoming extremely
difficult. On the international front, many investors are consolidating their
plants, and donor agencies, whether bilateral or multilateral, are taking a
hard look at every penny that they spend.

Locally, the existing industries are shrinking their activities, retrenching
workers, becoming more capital intensive, or gradually transferring their op-

erations to other countries.

"Secondly, increased investment is a function of the existence of conditions
that a conductive to reducing risk and improving the chances of a higher return

91



cso:

NO NEW FURNITURE
also ruled
to help cugb

new furni ture by GSA or
other government agencies.

It was agreed that the

jodwork shops of the Mini-
jtry of Public Works and GSA
hould be developed to the
extent where they would
satisfy government's demand
for furniture,

TAXES

On the issue of real
estate taxes, council agreed
that a committee of the PRC
wiil be appointed to parti-
cipate in the collection of
g ‘arrears throughout the

NO BOARD FEES ae a8

OIL BILLS

In another development, the
Council thought it necessary
to denand that all companies
or individuals in. arrears

viivth -the bi bGpia -Petybles

fil their obligations “with-
out delay.

Consequently, LPRC will be
empowered to seize all
assets, including gas
stations of all creditors
who have shown no interest
in honoring their obliga-
tions to the corporation.

The Council feels that
this action is necessary to
help the Refinery recover
its _ longstanding debts
around the country. :

3400/366

29

In another move to help
reduce expenditure in public

corporations, which are
generally subsidized . by
government, the Council

| announced an immediate dis-
continuation of board fees
to members of public cor-
poration Boards who are in
the employ of government.
According to an Executive
Mansion Release, the ‘Head of
State said the~ decisions
taken by the Council today
are necessary to help elimi-
nate corruption in society

and raise the , level of
revenue collection in the
country.

He emphasized that the
Council expects everyone,
concerned to manifest

fullest understanding and
cooperation in the pursuance
of these objectives. |



cso:

3400/369

has shelved expansion plans. The Cameroun Development
Corporation (CDC), referred to in business circles as the “sick
state within a state”, has recently been purged, and the state
banking institutions are also in a mess, not least because of the
large number of unviable loans to politically well-connected
northern businessmen. The Banque Camerounaise du Developpe-
ment (BCD) has been involved in peculation and sundry
activities.

Illicit trading activities are booming, especially with Nigeria.
Northern businessmen practically have the monopoly on this
lucrative activity. Imported manufactured goods and foodstuffs
find their way from the Cameroun to the Nigerian market, and
in exchange Nigerian-made consumer products flood the
Cameroun, undermining local industries. Efforts by western,
particularly French, businessmen to invest in the country have
often been stymied by the ubiquitous bureaucracy and efforts
by ranking government officials to get a cut of the action.
Edmond Leguil, president of the employers’ association,
Syndicat des Industriels du Cameroun, makes no secret of the
fact that the government understandably does not want to speed
up the pace of development for fear of engendering excessive
social tensions.

Cameroun has also become a favourite of oil companies. Off-
shore oil output jumped from 1.4m tonnes in 1979 to 4.3m in
1981 and a projected 6.7m this year. However, much secrecy
surrounds the oil industry, with most important decisions being
made by a small circle in the presidential cabinet. The authorita-
tive French business weekly, Marchés Tropicaux, even suggested
earlier this year that Cameroun’s oil production could be as
much as double the official statistics. The price of Camerounjan
oil, its commercial partners and state hydrocarbon revenues are
also closely guarded secrets. The impression among the average
urban Camerounian is that the nation’s élite is filling its pocket
at a time when income distribution is narrowing markedly. The
1982 state budget mentions CFA70bn as expected oil revenues,
a figure which is far too low by most counts. Working with the
state oil company, Société Nationale des Hydrocarbures (SNH),
headed by Samuel Libock, has not been easy going for most
western oil groups, We understand that Gulf Oil recently decided
to pull out of the country, Plans for a $2bn liquefied natural
gas (LNG) export complex at Kribi (Vol 23 No 15) are likely
to be abandoned @

13



All this to say that, from all appearances the PIT is not getting its money
from Poland either. Nor from Ethiopia where, if we are to believe "DAAN-DOOLE"
again, there is such destitution that they need a "Commission for Aid and
Rehabilitation to assist the people with their daily problems." But, where
then is the money coming from?

9693
cso: 3419/131

57



MAIZE MILLERS FACE HUGE LOSSES

ZIMBABWE

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 19 Nov 82 p 1

[Text]

cso:

IVE maize milling firms in Zim-
babwe face heavy financial losses
following the Government's re-
moval of subsidies for roller meal
and for super refined meals as
from November 1. .

These companies will soon have
to make formal announcements to
their many shareholders about the
financial implications of _ this
action which could involve them
all in a total estimated loss of

~about $17 million a year at present
levels of production.

The Millers’ Association which
represents the five firms, National
Foods, Blue Ribbon, Premier Mill-
ing, Triangle Milling and Midlands
Milling, is making representations
to the Government on the subject.

Their problem is that although
‘the -subsidies have been cut or
Temoved for their maize-milling
operations, the piices at. which
they may sell roller meal are
controlled and may not be increas-

3400/393

ed. In effect this means that the
companies are being required to
bear the costs of maize subsidies to
consumers throughout the coun-
uy.

‘Mr Keith Watt, president of the
Millers’ Association, confirmed to
a Gazette reporter yesterday that
the former subsidy of $98,58 a
tonne for roller meal had been cut
by $30 a tonne and was now only
$68,58 per tonne milled.

The similar subsidy of $98,58
per tonne for super-refined maize
meal has, been cut entirely. But the
millers have been advised that they
may not increase their selling
prices, said Mr Watt.

Should this position continue
for any'length of time he said that
the maize milling and food manu-
facturing companies would face
inevitable financial collapse. Costs
were now out of all proportion to
income.

“The Association of Millers has

110

made -a determination that they
will continue to operate their mills
for as long as possible and to keep
the flow of food going,” he said.

“Present production levels are
rinning at about 48 000 tonnes a
month which will now entail
losses.”

Mr Watt said that if any one of
the milling firms had to close down
due to financial problems, it could
entail the loss 6f a number of other
products involved in its operations.

He said he did’ not: wish to
comment further at this stage as
negotiations with, Government
were still continuing.

‘Another food spokesman said it
was essential for part or all of the
maize meal subsidies to be
removed. But: this cost‘could not
possibly be entirely borne by the
millers and consumers would, in
the end, have to pay more for the
product themselves if milling and
food operations were to continue,



FERROCHROME BREAKTHROUGH--A world-first development in ferrochrome production--
with big potential financial advantages for South Africa--has been announced
by Middleburg Steel & Alloys. It is claimed that the breakthrough, in fur-
nace technology, will enable the company to double its capacity in, say,

10 years, at a cost of about only R30 million at today's prices. The ‘company
believes that the conventional cost of such an operation could come to over
R200 million. Middleburg, part of the Barlows group and one of the leading
international producers of ferrochrome, says that its new technology will also
boost productivity. South Africa now produces about 35% of world annual de-
mand for ferrochrome. [Text] [Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 19 Nov
82 p 5]

BEITBRIDGE DROUGHT--Bulawayo--If it doesn't rain in the Beitbridge district
soon many boreholes may dry up, large numbers of cattle are likely to die and
the drought relief scheme will have to be stepped up yet again. The district
administrator, Cde Herod Sibanda, said the only areas to have some rain were
Siyoka and Machuchuta. "But even these were drizzle and have not made any
significant impact." He said the Government was aware of the problem and
had concentrated on the need for food. People began getting drought relief
food towards the end of May. So far 15 942 adults and 22 335 children had
received food. Children also received supplementary food from the Ministry
of Health which had already acknowledged that there was malnutrition in the
area. Cde Sibanda said that people in the district had so far been given

1 600 bags of maize, 430 of beans, 620 of groundnuts, 60 of kapenta and 40 of
salt. The problem facing drought relief was transport. "We are simply not
coping. We need four extra heavy vehicles or we will ground all DDF oper-
ations." This would lead to laying off many DDF staff. Although he did not
have figures of cattle killed by the drought, Cde Sibanda said that they

had been seriously hit. The worst affected areas were Siyoka-Dendele and
Maramani-Machuchuta. Cattle from these areas had been moved to the Diti-
Chipise area. Although the area was hardest hit by the drought, there was
grass there because most of the people in the area did not have cattle. They
lost theirs during the war. Stock watering points and troughs had been built
in the area. Cde Sibanda said that most of the boreholes in the Maramani-
Machuchuta area were drying up. Some of the geophysical surveys carried out
had been unsuccessful. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 23 Nov 82 p 4]

SOVIET STAFF MOVES--An attractive three-storey modern block of flats,
Balgowan, has been bought for $200 000 by the Soviet Embassy to house its
staff in Harare. The property, at the corner of Fife Avenue and Colquhoun
Street, near the Harare central park, formerly belonged to Standage Trust Pvt
Ltd, a locally-registered property and finance firm. The transfer took place
this month on behalf of the Government of the USSR. [Text] [Harare THE
FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 19 Nov 82 p 5]

cso: 3400/393 END

112



Self-Help, Socialism Discussed at Workshop
(Peta Thornycroft; THE HERALD, 23 Nov 82) ...sseeseeeeeeee

First Entirely Solar-Powered Hospital Becomes Operational
(THE HERALD, 22 Nov 82) scsccscscececsececcececeeres

Dutch Buy Local Maize for Zambia
(THE HERALD, 23 Nov 82) .cscececesceececreeeee

Agricultural Gains Despite Drought Recorded
(THE HERALD, 22 Nov 82) ....ssseeeeeees

Maize Millers Face Huge Losses
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 19 Nov 82) ..

Briefs
Devaluation Believed ‘Inevitable’
Tire Shortage
Ferrochrome Breakthrough
Beitbridge Drought
Soviet Staff Moves

105

107

108

109

110

111
111
112
112
112



17,356 tonnes and E13.3
million respectively in 1982.
In the six months ended
“June 1982 production was.
10,753 tonnes, the Ccori-’
parative figure for the same
period last year was 8,200
tonnes. Exports amounted
to 8,370 tonnes valued at
6.26 million compared to
8,320. tonnes...and -_E6.32

million respectively in the

half year to end June 1981.

Though the prices im-
proved during 1981 as°a
result of incrased demand,
no significant change in
prices can be expected in

1982.
MEAT PROCESSING
Livestock has been exposed
to severe drought for more’
than three quarters of 1982
and this is reported to have
resulted in numbers of cat-
tle dying. This development
is likely to have adverse ef-
fect on cattle supply to the
Meat Corporation. .In the
six months to end June
1982, approximately 14,000
cattle were ‘slaughtered,
compared to 13,000. over
the Same period last year.
Export re ts declined
from E2.4 million in the six

cso: 3400/392

months to June 1981 to
E1.6 million in Jannuary to
June 1982.
MINING
During the first six mon-
ths of 1982, coal produc-
tion was 52,136 metric ton-
nés reflecting a decline of
' approximately 40 percent
e.over the same period .in
| 1981. Sales of coal” in
January to June 1982.which
amounted to 25,310 metric
» tonnes were valued at E0.7
‘million.

In the period January to

June 1982, asbestos produc-
tion reached 17,234 metric
| tonnes, an increase of 2.4
percent over the same
period in the previous year.
Comparatively sales declin-
| ed by 29.7 percent to 10.954
|. metric tonnes in the period
January to June 1982.
* eae sold was valued a at
£7.1 million
PRICES
Retail price Index “a
rose by 15,9 percent in the
twelve months ending July
1982, The highest price iri
creases were registered in
fuel, light and water;
transport and communica-

89

tion; clothing and footwear

} whose respective increasés

were 25.3, and 18.9 percent.
| ‘Significant increase wete
also recorded in drinks arid
tobacco, durables ard
household goods. Bs
The index for the low ih-
come groups in Mbabaite
“and Manzinj . (Index B)
showed an annual increase
of approximately 11.0 per-
| cent over the twelve months
ending July 1982., Prices
for clothing and’ textiles
with an annual increase ‘of
20.4 percent showed the
most significant increase.
SUGARe
According to p:
production estimates at the
beginning of the 198 hi
| season, about 390,791
| nes of sugar will be produc.
ed this year. In the six mdn-
ths to end September /1982
‘ sugar production reachied
279.946 metric tonnes, 72%
«the estimated output.} Pro-
duction for the same period
in 1981 amountéd to
254,172 tonnes. i



MADAGASCAR

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION RESULTS GIVEN

Total Nationwide
Tanarive MADAGASCAR-MATIN in French 16 Nov 82 p 1

[Table] Complete Results Given by Ministry of the Interior

Antana- Antsi- Fiana-

narivo ranana rantsoa _Mahajanga Toamasina Toliary Totals
No. of
voting 2,973 972 2,884 1,395 1,852 1,720 11,796
places
known of 2,973 972 2,884 1,395 1,852 1,720 11,796

Registered 1,355,165 375,382 1,046,139 526,247 765,419 691,966 4,760,378

Voted 1,171,119 313,501 961,067 451,605 695,648 530,316 4,123,256

Blank

and 78,679 78,679 17,481 12,752 13,954 6,214 136,366

void

vores 1,092,440 306,215 943,586 438,853 681,694 524,102 3,986,890

Dadier

Ratsiraka

Votes For 741,043 251,325 848,020 374,249 640,684 341,027 3,196,348
Percent 67.83 82.08 89.87 85,28 93.98 65,07 80,17

Monja

Jaona

Votes for 351,397 54,890 95,566 64,604 41,010 183,075 790,542
Percent 32.17 17.92 10.13 14.72 06,02 34.93 19.83

34



SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

ROC COOPERATION--If the billions of Emalangeni that are pumped into arms
producing were to be used for economic development, the world would be a
much better place to live in. Although the leaders of these countries that
are involved in the arms race publicly condemn the mass production of highly
destructive weapons they do not practice what they preach, This was stated
by the Prime Minister, Prince Mabandla when he met the 20 man delegation
from the Republic of China. "We are sadly depressed with the arms race
because if the billions of Emalangeni that is pumped into arms production
was used for economic development the world would be a much better and
safer place to live in," Prince Mabandala told the delegation. "What is
painful is that those leaders whopublicly condemn the proliferation of
dangerous weapons are the very first people to encourage the production of
these weapons. The more they talk against the arms race, the more they do
it." Prince Mabandla said the Republic of China and Swaziland should
increase their cooperation and mutual understanding so that they could
continue to make their contributions towards the search for world peace
and stability, Although the two countries were separated by long distances
they were both committed to the same ideals of creating understanding and
social stability throughout the whole world. He recalled that the late
His Majesty King Sobhuza II used to warn his people that to ensure peace
and stability leaders of any country should ensure that their people had
enough food. A hungry man is a dangerous man, the Prime Minister said.

It is for this reason that Swaziland is deeply appreciative of the work of
the Agricultural Mission of the Republic of China, [Text] [Mbabane the
TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 17 Nov 82 p 16]

cso: 3400/365

96



Final Results for Fianarantsoa Faritany

Tananarive MADAGASCAR-MATIN in French 16 Nov 82 p 2

[Table]

€T'OT  996'S6 L8°68 OZO'8YS IBSEN TSY*LZT L90°T96 GET*9YO°T Yee‘z ¥88°Z STVLOL
78°80. Viv*t SI'16 LL6‘b2 T6E*LZ CET wes Le 68T ‘82 78 78 OZOAPUOA *7Z
Se‘ez @¥L*L S9'9L G6TH*Se TOT*EE 009 T9L*EE ozs ‘9€ 88 88 ousdtyoA “TZ
Ts*st L49°6 64°78 OOL‘ZS. LLE*Z9 00S L18°29 10z*99 €2@T €ZT oupapuresued *0Z
£4°0 197 €5°66 6LE°9S 94B9S SS T06‘9S TT6‘8S sgt S8T expaeA-ASON *6T
0 0) OOT 629° 679°L ZE9%L TET‘ TY TY owysay-A3u0pTh *8T
69° sto‘z Te'Z8 sto‘ €€0°SL 859 T69°SL 960°€8 T1z TIz Azefueuey */T
Ty's ZETS9 «6S°TE 708599 «= ES6*ZL SLL BOL‘eL 067.78 96T —«96T. ereyeUeH OT
0 to) OOT 99¥°ET 99%°ET 64 STS°€T 97S ‘ET Te Te OqTUOAT ‘ST
60°€ TL? 60°96 O78‘ T6z*ST OOT T6€ ‘ST 186 ‘9T “gs Lg AuoneueTeyL *yT
Te‘zT 9€0°€ 69°68 907°9% ZHH6Z OTY 758° 67 627° TE ras OT Asoul *€T
89°T 819 ZE°86 «VOL*OE §=ZBETOY =STT 16%‘ Ov TI8‘Ty TET TEL pueTpeuez] *?7T
0 0 OOT €00°8 €00°8 89 TLO‘8 yIls Ov Ov PLOYSL “TT
LTO 9 zg'66 oze‘le = eB Le Tel seo'se = OVESOH = VOTO youzep-3404 *OT 5
78°9 LZO‘L 8T°€6 SS6°S6 786°ZOT ESL‘T S9L*¥OT 9€7°80T 00 OO€ II vosquPseuRTZ °6
6E'LE ByEtET T9°ZI HIT*7ZZ z9ETSE CvE.T SOE‘LE €10‘9S 87 8Y I BosquezeurTy °g
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89° ove‘T 75°46 TE6‘On LLZ7°0S T98°Z BET*ES £90595 IZ 91% eueTipueg °9
0 0 OOT Ts9*Z = TS9*L OT T99°L OLLSL 14 0% ByPIOjeg °S
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S6ET 2@zS°E SO°98 BZL‘TZ oSz‘*sz 989 9€6 ‘SZ T6S *8Z 18 18 pueyetp
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