SOUTH AFRICA

"DRASTIC REMEDIES' NEEDED BY DEPARTMENT
MB270656 Johanessburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 26 Sep 82 p 38
[Editorial: "End of a Dotty Racial Empire?"]

[Text] Signs that, at last, the government may be aware that the department
of cooperation and development is contributing neither to cooperation nor
to development are welcome.

The massive department, which directly controls the lives of millions of people,
is at the cutting edge of black-white relations.

More than any other state agency, it should demonstrate sensitivity, finesse,
understanding and, above all, efficiency. Its record is a sorry catalogue of
precisely the opposite.

Time and again, promises of reform have floundered in legislation that
sabotages the intention. The so-called "new deal" for urban blacks, two
years in the making and still far from complete, has had to be rescued and
the minister, Dr Piet Koornhof, had proved singularly powerless to give the
department the direction it so patently needs.

The government's new constitutional dispensation is severely, if not fatally,
flawed by the exclusion of blacks, That said, if the government is to persist
on its course, it is all the more vital that the needs and rights of blacks
be properly catered for.

Rumours now circulating in high places seem to indicate that a more sensible
approach is in the offing. Massive rationalisation of the department, plus
a shedding of some of its functions to other ministries may be on the cards.
If this presages a new approach whereby tasks are handled on a functional
rather than racial basis, it is good news.

Constitutional development, regardless of which group is involved, would
obviously best be handled by a single department. Likewise housing, local
government and welfare.

The madcap multiplicity of functions the department now so miserably fails to
perform makes no sense at all. Worse, its failure to get things done
constitutes a real danger to the order and stability of this volatile society.

Name changes the department has had aplenty. More drastic remedies are
urgently needed.

cso: 3400/27 36



cso:

4700/1967

vy.

head to company. .
“CEMENCO also noted that
production had been affected
due to the importation of 70,000
bags of cement by some concts- .
sions and other agencies recent-

Although CEMENCO did not
disclose the names of the “‘con-
cessions and other agencies’’,
this paper has learned that big
companies like Firestone, LAM-
CO and the -Chinese construc-
tion team responsible for the
building of the sports complex
have been importing their own
cement products.

22



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cso:

that these guys were not even worried about
the chairs. What they take is the tent!

I was thus aghast at the beginning of the
week when this story about a stolen tent hit
the streets. Imagine my utter confusion and
dismay had those guys simply trooped off with
my tent. I could honestly not believe even in
my wildest dreams that people could go to
such extraordinary lengths to steal.

Tam a better and wiser man now. I am also
particularly ashamed of what is happening in
Soweto.

Asif she had this telepathic thing going with
me, an American woman phoned and said
how Soweto was like the frontier days in the
United States, which saw unbelievable
violence allied to an amazing vitality in those
parts.

She said Soweto had the most incredible
acts of violence and the most beautiful scenes
of creativity living cheek by jowl.

_ Maybe that’s true, but some things must
simply be stopped.

We are an oppressed people in our own
country, something that galls even the most
sanguine. We are also lucky because the
whole world seems (seems is right) to be on
our side simply because some people are
guilty about their own sins, and racism is as
bad as Nazism. We all know what happened
when the world silently watched the horror of

4700/1934

65

that monster play itself out.

We are many - out of jobs. underpaid,
overworked, exploited, the whole thing. But
we have to hold onto our common and
traditional decencies. Our respect for the
dead is one ethical thing that we have to hang
on to. It may be the last.

Without prejudging those who are facing
charges after the Wire Gang terror in Soweto,
it seemed to some of us this was an odious
trend. Some of the most atrocious acts were
committed against men, their wives and their
children in that terrible time. We could have
hanged our heads in shame. We still are doing
so. Crime statistics have become something
like the furniture in our newspapers. We have
come to look at the average of 20 murders and
sundry rapes a week as par for the course.
Now all sorts of crazy crimes surface. First the
Wire Gang. Then something about the car
busters. Now the funeral thieves.

One buddy of mine said very soon we would
have to guard the very corpses in their coffins
for the stories about those who steal such
coffins from the graveyard have become
almost common. I still do not believe people
dig up graves — all six feet and more of sand
and horror — to remove new coffins.

But I’m not so sure my credulity is going to
last with people zapping funeral tents even
before the dead grow cold in their graves.



STATE OF BLACK CONSCIOUSNESS MOVEMENT ASSESSED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 10 Sep 82 p 9

[Article by Patrick Lawrence:

[Text]

FIVE years ‘ago, on September 12,
Steve ko died of brain juries re-
ceived while in detention, leaving a
huge gap in the ranks of the black
consciousness movement which he
had done so much to launch and nur-
ture during its first vital years.

But black consciousness, as a phi-
losophy of black pride, self-sufficien-
cy solidarity, did not die with
him, although it suffered a second
heavy blow hardly more than a
month later when, on October 19,
1977, all its organisations were
banned.

‘The strength of black conscious-
ness today is itself a matter of in-
tense debate, with its ideological op-
ponents relegating it to a minor and
diminishing role and its political ex-

nents ascribing a continuing cen-

-al importance to it.

But one point can be made confi-
dently: where black consciousness
was once the only political force of
major significance operating outside
Government-approved structures, it
has today to share that role with
several ideologically hostile
movements. .

At present black consciousness is
represented by three or four move-
ments, of which the key ones are: the
Azanian People’s Organisation
(Azapo), the Media Workers’ Associ-
ation of South Africa (Mwasa) and
some black trade unions in the Coun-
cil of Unions of South Africa (Cusa).

Against them are movements
which subscribe to the Freedom
Charter, adopted by the “Congress of
the People” in June 1955, including
the Azanian Students’ Organisation
(Azaso), the Congress of South Afri-
can Students (Cosas), the Natal Inc
an Congress and, above all, the Afri-
can National Congress.

A third category, sharing some
points of view with the “Charterists”
or the “democrats” but diverging
from them on several issues, are

76

"BC Lives on 5 Years After Biko"]

non-racial unions which have sprung
up since the death of Biko.

They are represented largely but
not exclusively by member unions of
the Federation of South African Un-
ions (Fosatu), the General Workers’
Union and the South African Allied
Workers’ Union (Saawu). ,

A striking difference between the
black consciousness movements on
the one hand, and the Charterists and
the non-racial unions on the other,
lies in their attitude to white sym-
pathisers, whether they label them-
selves radicals, liberals or profes-
sional unionists. .

Black consciousness movements
remain opposed to official co-oper-
ation with whites, believing that
whites, whatever thcir ideological
professions, remain “part of the
problem” and cannot thus become
part of the solution.

The Charterists and non-racial un-
ions will actively seek out co-oper-
ation with white progressives.

Champions of black consciousness
oppose white participation as irrele-
inimical to fulfilment
of their aims. They remain con-
vinced that blacks must wage their
own struggle and that liberal or radi-
cal whites must try to reform their
own society instead of trying to
“take over” black movements.

It is expressed sharply in a recent
article by Mr Strini lley who,
with Biko, was a founding member of
black consciousness and who served
five years on Robben Island after
being convicted under the Terrorism
Act in the 1975-75 “black conscious-
ness.trial”.

“The history of black politics in
South Africa is beset with the inter-
ference of liberal thinking, setting
back the struggle for freedom for
many decades,” Mr Moodley wrote
in Mwasa’s journal, Kwasa.

To whites, he declared: “Please
leave us alone to forge our own path

SOUTH AFRICA



inst the socialist community, the libe-
ration movements and the internation
al working class movement.

In its desire to attain military sup.
remacy, it established NATO. To at.
tain économie supremacy, it stretched
its exploitetive net widely through
various international financial eorpora-
tions and supplanted the former colo-
nialist powers which used to arrogant-
ly brag that the sun never set in their
empire because they held vest coloni-
al territories, Hence, by replacing the
former colonialist practice of direct
rule over countries with the indirect
rule of neo-colonialism, which gives
these countries nominal political free-
dom while it makes them helplessly
dependent victims of exploitation in
the fundamental economic sphere, U.S.
imperialism was able to entrench tt-
self quite easily. Hence, even though
the colonized national emanetpted
themselves from the yoke of colonial.
ism, they were forced to resort to other
tactics of struggle, to undertake an-
other phase of struggle in order to be
completely free from the imperialist
influence.

It has not been easy for these peop
les to put an end to the oppression and
exploitation perpetrated against them
by neo-colonialists in the name of free
dom, in the name of investment, in the
name of aid and trade, These instru-
ments of imperialist influence are not
only source of huge profits but also
vehicles of political manoeuvre, Their
evil consequences in the ideological
sphere, in the spheres of language, re-
ligion and culture both during the ere
of colonialism and neo-colonialism ere
by no means imperceptible.

Te is well known that after the Se
cond World War, the world socialist

system has on the one hand become
consolidated end many countries on
the other hand have been able to em-
encipate themselves from the yoke of
colonialism, Nevertheless, since most
of those countries shat have done
away with colonial rule have fallen
engulfed by a paradoxical situation
wherein they are politically indepen-
dent but economically dependedne,
Consequently, it is inevitable that the
peoples of these countries undertake
@ new form of struggle that will lead
them along the roed to genuine free
‘dom. And rather than merely expel-
ling the foreign masters end replacing
them by indigenous masters, who in
effect are their proxies, the objective of
this new struggle was to abolish op-
Prrrsion and exploitation once ana for

As @ result of this unflinching re.
solve on the part of the peoples of vari-
ous countries, imperialism was forced
to beat its retreat from these countries,
Many peoples who yesterday were
under various forms of imperilaist
control, started marching onward to
genuine freedom. Many opted for the
path of socialism. This option which
was taken up by the volition of the
peoples themselves and is supported
by history, is the expression of their
correct aspirations. Yet, it was by no
mets easy for them to realize their
aspirations and the option which they
had taken up by the dictates of hist.
ory. It required of them unprecedent-
ed sacrifices. Particularly in the course
of the last decade, several countries
have been able to fling the yoke of
colonialism and neo-colonialism that
had been imposed upon them earlter
end embark upon the socialist path to

development through national liberation



Although most urban adults were in
favour of both organised and non-or-
ganised sport on Sundays, there was
“strong resistance” from Afrikaans-
speaking sectors, including the col-
‘oured community. .

The survey among urban adults
showed the majority believed the Gov-
ernment did not give adequate finan-
cial support to sport. This opinion was
particularly prevalent among the Indi-
ans, coloured and blacks.

The survey showed that respondents
placed a high premium on the auton-
omy of sport.

The majority (84,7%) expressed the
opinion that clubs ‘should themselves
decide who they would accept as
members.

In respect of Government control
over sport, a large number of respon-
dents felt the Government exercised
sufficient control but others thought it
had too much control.

More men (65%) than women (40%)
attend sports events as spectators.
More younger people, and people with a
higher level of education attended
sport as spectators. :

More blacks (63,8%) and coloureds
(53,7%) attended sports events than In-
dians (49,2%) and whites (45,7%).

The most important reason given for
not attending sports events, and which
was advanced by more than 60% of the
urban adults surveyed, was lack of
time.

However, the other reasons ad-
vanced were most interesting. More
than 42% of black men, for example,
and 414% of Indian men did not attend

sports events because they felt it was
unsafe.

Of the white men questioned, 11% did
not attend for that reason and 32% said
they did not approve of other specta-
tors’ behaviour. The corresponding fig-
ures for white women were, ironically,
lower — 10,8% and 23,5% respectively.

The same pattern manifested itself
among the blacks — 42% of the men
and 29,8% of the women said they felt
attending sports events was unsafe,
Those who did not like spectators’ be-
haviour were 41,4% (men) and 26%
(women).

From the data gathered from urban
adults and from sports participants it
was found that spectatorship was a so-
cial and especially a family activity.

Only 12,7% of the participants indi-
cated they attended sports events on
their own.

Of the urban adults, 68,7% of the
blacks, 54,4% of the Indians, 47.5% of
the coloureds and 21,1% of the whites
indicated that they attended sports
events with friends.

Taare all population groups into
consideration the survey found that the

71

seven most popular types of sport were
soccer, rugby, cricket, boxing, tennis,
athletics and netball.

Significantly soccer, the most popu-
lar sport with a weighted spectator per-
centage of 42,8, was watched by 67,5%
of black males and only 4,5% of whites.

Among white males oniy, rugby
(45,6%), cricket (184%) and athletics
(14,7%) were the most popular sports,
The corresponding figures for black
males attending these three sports
were 12,2%, 4,6% and 3,7%.

‘The most popular sports among Indi-
an males were soccer (56,8%) and
cricket (12,5%).

In the coloured community rugby
401%) marginally edges out soccer
(40%) followed by cricket (16,8%).

About 65% of urban adults ap-
proached said they read about sport.

Of newspaper readers surveyed,
50,3% read sports reports fleetingly
and 47,6% intensively. The remaining
2,1% did not read sport at all.

Men read newspaper articles more
intensively than magazines or books
dealing with sport.

Roughly 75 of the 110 sports covered
by the investigation were read about.

1e most popular sports read about
were soccer (29% of readers), rugby
(22,5%), tennis (20,7%), boxing, karate
etc (20,6%), cricket (12,1%) and athlet-
ies (8,6%).

The HSRC recommended that the
Press give comprehensive coverage to
sport at school level. Sports skills and

e formative value of sport should, it
said, also be given more attention.

Urban adults indicated that on aver-
age 1,6 hours of the average six hours a
week spent watching television were

nt watching sports broadcasts. This
27,1% of the time was a good deal more
than the 10% that the SABC devotes to
sports programmes.

More than 50% of the participants
expressed satisfaction with the quanti-
ty and quality of sports coverage on
television.

Urban adults indicated that on aver-
age they listened to three hours of
sports broadcasts a week out of the
average nine hours a week they lis-
tened to the radio.

This 34% of their listening time
contrasts sharply with the 6,6% of total
broadcasting time devoted by the SABC
to sports broadcasts.

The participants were relatively sat-
isfied with the amount of time (61,9%
felt it was adequate) and the quality
(49,5% felt it was good) of the coverage
by radio. Fractionally more than 95%
felt radio broadcasts were “important
to extremely important” for the pro-
motion of sport. .

The HSRC, therefore, has made two
significant recommendations regard-
ing radio and TV coverage:

@ That the SABC give more balanced
coverage of sport in accordance with
preference patterns; and



priority in the south, but 4 billion Malagasy francs were spent on it at a

time when plants are closed there and when only a billion francs were needed

to get them operating again." Jaona added: "How can you expect people who
have nothing to wash with or to do their laundry with to watch television?
Sometimes we have to think about what is necessary before what is entertaining."

The decision of the VS MONIMA to rehabilitate the national public and foreign
sector surprised some newsmen somewhat. Jaona believes it has to be controlled
and not left unregulated as it was previously. "We still need the private
sector," he said.

The place of the bourgeoisie in a country like ours was developed by Rabeari-
manana Gabriel, who believes that "although- it has capital, it is worried about
its use. It does not know exactly what to do with it and does not know the
rules of play. And yet, the country needs it."

Banditry

Insecurity and a resurgence of banditry were discussed at length at the press
conference. "They have a great deal of impact on the national economy and
life," Jaona said. "They affect the economy, social affairs and politics."
Jaona "bitterly regretted that the stealing of cattle in the south is viewed
as sport."

And the black market? The VS MONIMA said it was "categorically against the
monopoly that causes people to engage in trafficking because common products
are not found except at specific points: the KOPAREMA [expansion unknown],
the famatsiam-pokontany [presumably cooperative unions]. "It would be better
not to have any cooperatives at all,".Jaona said, "than to have cooperatives
that do not run well and that are at the root of all our current problems."

The current supremacy of the dollar, "the cause of the current problems of
the Third World, even the Common Market," was castigated by Rabearimanana,
who labeled the policy as "harmful." "We have to have a strong and consistent
government that can arouse enthusiasm over the current crisis," he said.

Some speeches by the press stemmed more from suggestions than from traditional
questions. Jaona was asked "to draw up an inventory of the property of some

leaders and high officials that no longer corresponds to their salaries, mean-
ing that they have become rich dishonestly, on the backs of the good people."

Jaona thought such a remark was-very judicious, as was that concerning the
proposition of an. order concerning “true flexibility of censorship during this
election period because the radio and television have spoken of the problem
as already existing." "We have to read between the lines in the JOURNAL OFFI-
CIEL," one newsman said. "We beg you to take such wishes to the government."

The press is a living force in any. democratic system, Jaona replied, because
it is the spokesman for the people. Censorship-has no reason to exist. It is
the people who must be responsible for it. They must be the only judge for
saying such-and-such a newspaper is reactionary: They must not read it. That
newspaper would disappear by itself.

29


NORMAN PRAISES SUPPORT OF COOPERATIVES

Harare THE HERALD in English 15 Sep 82 p 9

[Text]

cso:

ZIMBABWE

THE Ministry of Agriculture is on the right path in supporting co-
operatives, the Minister of Agriculture, Senator Denis Norman, told the

Assembly.

He said that properly
controlled, there was great
merit, in his view, in co-
operative effort and he
thought it was only
through co-operatives thet
significant ‘progress wou!
Be nade ‘a tommunal
areas.

‘Answering . members’
questions during the com-
mittee of supply debate on
hts ministry's vote in the
1982/83 imates of ex-
penditure, Senator Norman
aaid he agreed with Mr
Bin Irving (Ind, Marl-
borough) when he sugges-
ted the benefits of impor-
tation of valuable bulls
should be as widespread
as possible.

‘Mr Irvine ' suggested
that if a farmer was al-
lowed to import a bull it
should be a prerequisite
that semen from the bull
should be sold within the
country. .

Mr Irvine said the
semen should be spread as
widely as possible and
benefit the: national herd
and not just one farmer.

Senator Norman said he
would investigate the uses
to which imported . an!-
mals had been put.

‘Answering a suggestion

3400/2

Cde George Mudukut!
(PF), Victoria)
its required
for the purchase of farms
were so high that only
those who were well off,
could buy them, the min-
ister said there were no
fixed deposits required for
farms.

He said he had thought
this was a misconception
that had died out. Applica-
tions were assessed not
only on a person’s material
wealth but more impor-
tantly on experience,
Cde Abraham Kabasa
(ZANU (PF), Mashona-
land Hast) told the House
the Agricultural Finance
Corporation was taking
every cent from farmers.

He gave examples of a
farmer only receiving $10
for 16 bags of grain worth
$180 and of a farmer only
receiving $200 out of the
$800 his crop was worth.

He suggested _ loans
from the AFC should be
paid back over a longer
Pertod in cases such as

Is.

Replying, Senator Nor-
man said’ this was an

100

“economic factor of life”.
When one borrowed, one
had to repay. The AFC
was not a philanthropic
body. :

The AFC was humane,
though. If a farmer was
in difficulties he should
pay what he could and
renegotiate a loan for the
following season, .

In an answer to another
point, Senator Norman’
said that although the Ha-
rare ld Stora; abat-
toir had closed there was
the possibility that a pri-
vate abattoir would be
established in the area,

Senator Norman said im-
proving the quality’, of
stock In Zimbabwe was
close to his heart. De-
stocking was taking place,
whether through sales or
deaths. He was looking at
ways of financing restock-
ing hoped it would be
possible to include a policy
for herd improvement. ©

He sald there were two
good indigenous breeds of
cattle at research stations.
If some of the bulls could
be utilised to restock, he
believed a service would
have been rendered to the
cattle industry as a whole.



exchange be the only choice, a quality proof clause to ensure continuity of
performance with adequate supporters [words indistinct] would have to form
part of the package deal. The other alternative would, of course, be to set
up the relevant industries in Nigeria with all the necessary supporting per-
sonnel.

The point is that at this stage of Nigeria's devellpment, there must be a
consistent and deliberate emphasis on the production sector and against the
consumption of finished or semifinished products. That is the only practical
way for the eventual transfer of technology towards the realization of our
entry to the industrialized world.

President Shehu Shagari's state visit to Bulgaria has again underlined the
need for closer contact with countries that are ready to appreciate our prob-
lems and [words indistinct]. The warm reception accorded the president by
the Bulgarians and their attitude toward Nigeria is an indication of their
willingness to develop with our country. This provides a health climate for
the emergence of a new area of understanding and cooperation among the de-
veloping countries of the world. It is only through such genuine and honest
manifestations that they can in strength and unity face the conspiracies of
the developed nations. The current global economic recession arose from the
[word indistinct] determination of the developed countries to maintain and
enhance their position of dominance and exploitation. The salvation of the
developing countries lies in their ability to recognize the realities of the
situation and forge a stronger understanding and cooperation to meet the
challenge of the developed countries. This will put them in a virile posi-
tion to produce goods for export and dissolve the status quo which has for
so long enslaved them to the products of the developed nations.

cso: 3400/15

36



SOUTH AFRICA

NEW WARSHIP, SUBMARINE CONSTRUCTION PLAN ANNOUNCED
MB271255 Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 25 Sep 82 p 1
[Article by Don Marshall, Pretoria bureau chief]

[Text] The South African Navy plans to have her own warships "entirely ours
from concept to completion"--operational in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans
by the end of the decade, Vice-Admiral Ronnie Edwards, retiring chief of the
navy, said in Pretoria last night.

South Africa was also planning to build other warships and these included
replacing the French-built Daphne class submarines with locally-built sub-
marines,

He was speaking at a reception where he handed over command to Rear Admiral
A. P, Putter, who becomes a vice-admiral and chief of the navy from October l.

Earlier this month, ARMSCOR revealed plans for the aggressive marketing of
South African-produced arms to the world.

South Africa has become a producer of sophisticated arms because of the
international embargo on weapons sales to this country.

The ARMSCOR target is to boost South African weapons sales from the current
R10-million a year to R150-million.

Among ARMSCOR's proudest achievements is the G5, a 155mm field gun said to
be. the best in its category in the world.

The South African arms industry, which grew into a Rl 200-million giant

as a result of the arms embargo, is in urgent need of foreign capital and
Admiral Edwards said in his farewell address last night that the navy would
not achieve its objectives unless it received the necessary financial support.

Admiral Edwards, who was a member of the defence force 42 years said South Africa
would continue to plan and design her own warships for her own needs.

61



NAMIBIA

NEWLY-PROPOSED GOVERNMENT FACES PROBLEMS
MB220746 Namabia DIE REPUBLIKEIN in Afrikaans 14 Sep 82 p 6
[Editorial: "Magic Is Not Possible"]

[Text] The announcement by the South African prime minister--by way of strong
implication--that the central authority in the territory must be constituted

on a more representative basis in order to ensure more effective administration,
brings renewed attention to certain basic points.

1. When there is talk of effective administration, it is hopelessly one-sided
to place the emphasis primarily on the central authority. The overall
structure of authority is involved. If this were not the case, then a reshuffl-
ing of the central authority would be an exercise merely for the sake of
exercise.

2. There has been broad consensus over the need to expand the central govern-
ment. This is nothing new in South-West Africa. The question, though, is:
How?

Some of the second-tier authorities have in the past blatantly refused to
participate at all in the central government, because such participation
would have been acknowledgement of ethnicity as a basis for the formation
of the country's government.

Since they have sought to avoid criticism so far by shying away from an ethnic
basis, are these authorities going to go along with this new approach?

3. Effective government is in some respects impossible if that government can
be undermined from outside its field of authority for the political advantage
of some other authority. Here we wish to state quite plainly that magic
formulas at the first tier of government are doomed to failure if that
government is not protected at the second tier.

4, If the South African Government could be instrumental in the creation of

a comprehensive governmental structure in which the widest measure of representa-—
tion is possible for the existing parties based on a free election, it would
bring about much greater internal harmony than has been the case up to now.

But the problem of such a broadly-based structure is so obvious that it should
be discarded. A government composed of factions at odds with each other is
potentially lame at birth.

32



SOUTH AFRICA

WHITES ACCUSED OF PARANOIA ABOUT BLACK INTENTIONS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 13 Sep 82 p 4

[Article by Aggrey Klaaste in "On the Line" column: "Sick and Tired of White

Paranoia"]

[Text]

4 WAS about to rant over the cheek those
Tukkies (Pretoria University students, to you)
have, to believe that some of us have the
faintest wish to send our children to their
ivory tower of radicalism, when the story of
the disappearing funeral tents subverted my
tirade.

This is not saying I am not going to take a
glancing swipe at these arrogant whites who
think every black is about to jump into bed,
into school, into their pools, into their
sportsfields, nay even into church with them.
For my part, I would rather send my kids to
the salt mines of Siberia than have them
darken the doors of that sainted university in
the capital city.

No child of mine is going to struggle
through a degree in Afrikaans (of all things!)
at Pretoria University or any other white
tribal college for that matter. It is not only the
insult heaped on injury that makes the blood
boil; it is arrogance that is stirred by the whole
sick debate.

Every time some whining white, perhaps
sorely bothered by the conscience of being
overfed, raises this issue of mixed schools,
mixed baths or whatever, there is a veritable
Karoo sandstorm stirred. I am just about sick
and tired of frightened whites dying to protect
their lily-white skins from us. Let them kindly
leave us be, to develop along our own lines.

Chances are I am not the only black who
feels this way these days. Admittedly there
are those cretins who have even less pride
than a flea-bitten dog, who will fawn over
things white. Admittedly it takes even self-
proclamed stalwarts like myself some doing to
get rid of our subliminal slave mentality.

This is the reason you hear people speak
glibly about “progressive thinking” or
whatever this new-fangled Uncle Tomism is
called. They are suffering from years of brain-
washing and indoctrination, which, like I've

64

said, still lingers deep inside the most
ferocious black-consciousness devotee.

I trust most of you who dip into this humble
effort on Mondays must by now know I
ascribe almost defiantly to black
consciousness. If I am seen as a racist or what
some of my smart-alec black brothers who
have since stopped being black say is
intellectual degeneration. then I can only
blame it on the insults constantly visited on
me and my kind by whites.

If you would cast your mind back to the
events of the past week, maybe you might
agree with me.

First there was this ungodly spat about
Pretoria University. Then there was the
astonishing furore about a sermon by an
Afrikaner preacher who dared to step out of
line. Both issues involved race — race hatred
is my way of looking at it. With all deference
to those Tukkies and white Christians who
took the sane view and expressed their disgust
at all this jazz, we were astounded and later
infuriated by the insults.

I said at the beginning of this piece that my
intentions to rant have been subverted by
funeral tents that disappear. You will perhaps
think this is a somewhat odd departure, but 1
think it is to the point.

While one is rightfully appalled by the sheer
insensitivity of whites, we have in all fairness
got to point to the insanity in our own back-
yards, We know there is a recession. We know
times are bad. But stealing funeral tents
outside houses is just about the limit.
Something is going wrong with us blacks.

It makes us look silly to be taking the knife
to other races time and again when we have
some smelling bodies in our cupboards.

This was brought home forcibly to me
recently, seeing as I had a tent outside my
home. I spent most of the wee hours of the
morning after the service standing guard over
the benches. I did not have the faintest idea



RESURGENCE OF 'LAAGER MENTALITY’ AMONG WHITES REPORTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Sep 82 p 21

[Text]

Dissident violence in Zimbabwe is involving white farmers in
Matabeleland in a confrontation some feel is even more dangerous
than the Rhodesian war which ended three years ago. This report
from a Sowetan Africa News Service team is by one of last groups of
journalists allowed into Matabeleland before the government im-

posed a ban on all media activity in the area.

BULAWAYO — “Don’t

_get killed on the way
home,” the white farm-
er’s five-year-old daugh-
ter called out cheerfully
to the family’s black
cook as he made his way
home to beat the dusk-
to-dawn curfew.

Relating the incident,
her mother, Sue Gibbs,
wearing working over-
alls and with a 9mm pis-
tol strapped to her
waist, comments:
“What a way to bring up
kids!”

For the three children
of the family, too young
to remember the bloody
Rhodesian bush war
that ended nearly three
years ago, living with
violence is becoming
part of their daily lives
in the Nyamandhlovu
district, one of the
worst-hit areas of trou-
bled Matabeleland.

Tim Gibbs, son of for-
mer Rhodesian Gover-
nor Sir Humphrey
Gibbs, and staunch op-
ponent of Ian Smith dur-
ing the UDI years, says
the security situation in

101

the district — an impor-
tant beef and dairy
ranching zone — is
worse than it was during
the war.

“What we have down
here is simply a guerilla
war’’, he comments
while relaxing on the
cool stone verandah of
the old thatched home-
stead which looks out
across a lush green field
of lucerne.

White farmers have
been among the main
victims, although by no
means the only ones, of
the escalating dissident
violence in the province,
which followed the dis-
missal from the Govern-
ment in February of
Zapu leader Mr Joshua
Nkomo.

In the Nyamandhlovu
commercial farming
area, white farmers have
been the targets of at
least half a dozen mur-
ders and attempted mur-
ders since that time.

The “laager mental-
ity” which developed
during the Rhodesian
war is beginning to show

ZIMBABWE



NIGERIA

BRIEFS

UN DEBATE URGED--[passage omitted] In its comment on the Israeli refusal to
conduct the independent inquiry into the massacre of Palestinians in Lebanon,
the NATIONAL CONCORD says they have always done away with similar atrocities
in the past. The paper believes that Israel has overplayed its expanionist
ambition and has lost the propaganda war in the Middle East. The CONCORD
therefore calls on the UN General Assembly now in session to seriously de-
bate finding a lasting solution to the issue because the Palestinians have
suffered more than the Jews suffered under the Nazis. [Excerpt] [Press
review] [AB270927 Lagos International Service in English 0830 GMT 27 Sep 82]

OBASANJO DENIES 'MEDDLING'--A former head of state, Gen Olusegun Obasanjo,

has denied meddling in the affairs of any political party in the country. He
was reacting to a communique issued at the end of the Unity Party of Nigeria's
[UPN] National Executive Council Meeting in Yola, Gongola State, in which he
was accused of interfering in the gubernatorial race of the UPN in Oyo State.
General Obasanjo said he had only given advice to friends who asked for it.
[Text] [AB171614 Lagos Domestic Service in English 1500 GMT 17 Sep 82]

ESTIMATED OIL REVENUE REVISED--The federal government has revised the esti-
mated revenue of 11.6 billion naira for this year which was based on crude oil
production to nearly 9 billion naira. The revision became necessary as a re-
sult of the drastic reduction in the lifting of oil. This was announced in
Lagos today by the director of budgets and the adviser to the president on
budget matters, Chief Theophilus Akinyele, in continuation of the national
ministerial briefings. He explained that in order to reduce the over de-
pendence on revenue on a single commodity, the federal government has been
making efforts to widen its revenue base. To this end, the revenue collecting
agencies have been requested to examine the possibility of charging fees for
some services hitherto rendered free or raising the existing rate charges.
Chief Akinyele said that it was in compliance with the directive that the
federal Ministry of Commerce imposed a fee on all applications for import
licenses, which yielded a revenue of over 700,000 naira last year. [Text]
[AB211606 Lagos Domestic Service in English 1500 GMT 21 Sep 82]

PLO SUPPORT URGED--Nigeria has called on all nations with conscience to give
more support to the PLO in its fight for a Palestinian state. Addressing the
70th Emergency Special Session of the United Nations General Assembly in New
York, Nigeria's permanent representative to the world body, Alhaji Yusuf

42



PROBLEMS OF FREEDOM OF PRESS DISCUSSED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 8 Sep 82 p 16

[Article by Harvey Tyson, editor of THE STAR]

{Text]

A

SOUTH AFRICA

In the past 100 years, South Afri-
cans have fought in at least five

wars at home and abroad in the cause of
‘ freedom. Yet today, for the first time in
150 years of striving for freedom of

the battle.

expression, South Africans are losing o)

Too much is talked
about “the freedom of
the Press,” as if the
Press has a freedom of
its own. The Press has
responsibilities — it is
people who have free-
dom.

When we refer to
“Press freedom” in this
series by
internationally — known
figures marking our
Newspaper Press Union
centenary, it is YOUR
freedom which will be
discussed. It is YOUR
freedom that is in jeo-
pardy today.

Privately run news-
papers are merely the
medium of public ex-
presyion. They are the
means by which people,
individually, or in or-
ganised groups, can
speak out and keep
informed — if the
Press is not free to
report what a govern-
ment is doing or plan-
ning and what its oppo-
sition is saying or plot-
ting, your freedom. is
badly curtailed.

— If the Press can-

not voice a point of
view and is prevented
from gathering the
facts, your safety as
well as your freedom
are threatened.

— If your paper can-
not even tell you that
your son is at war in
another country _ with.
out your knowledge or
consent, then your
country is no longer
free.

— If you are fearful
of signing a published
letter, then you are not
free.

* There are various de-
grees of freedom of
expression in South
Africa. They wax and
wane, but they are un-
der constant and in-
creasing threat. Free-
doms that were won
over generations have
disappeared in two de-
cades. Those freedoms
— and their loss — are
yours, not the news-
papers’. After all, in a
totally free society you
can write your own
pamphlet or start
your own news-sheet —
though in practice,

84

newspapers require
major resources and or-
ganisation, and they,
have grown to reflect
whole sectors of opi-
nion, not just the indi-
vidual proprietor’s,

The greater the
public role a newspaper
assumes for itself, the
greater its’ responsibili-
ties automatically be~
come. It needs to keep
its promises to its
readers and retain its
independence. Even in

imatters of standards

and ethics. there can be
no absolute commonali-
ty — umless all men
are at one and agree
on all things. (In
which case there would
be no need for news-
papers, or even laws).
Instead, newspapers
have the responsibility
to fight for their indi-
viduality: their right to
express a broad, in-
dependent, non-
sectional view as The
Star does — or to
represent one passion-
ate sectional view as
Die Transvaler was
allowed to do in the



new order have enabled us to lay
down a solid basis for our future pro-
gress.

The prerequisite for the building
of the new order is to accelerate the
growth of the national economy
which was choked and kept in a state
of underdevelopmen, first by the feu-
dal order and then by imperialism;
hence our priority to economic deve
lopment.

Much has already been done to
meet’ the basic needs of the people
through heighted economie produce

tivity, Beyond the short-term target -

of meeting the immediate needs of
‘the people, we have also ach‘eved sig-
nificant results in our effort to lay
down a reliable basis for our long-
term development,

The resul; achieved in the net-
working of communication system:
(which as you know isa key factor
for economic development), is worth
mentioning here as particularlly siz-
nificant. At the onsez of the Revolu-
tion the total mileage of roads was
only 6638 km; that figure has more
than doubled and stands now at
14,000 km. Efforts to develop, con:
solidate and modernize other means
of communication have also met with
success,

In order to fulfil the spiritual pre-
condition for @ rapid economic deve-
lopment, education is of course sine
qua non and we can legitimately
claim to have achieved an outstand-
ing result in this field. In the long
period of feudal rule the peak enrol-
ment in schools never exceeded the
one million mark buy now regular
enrollment alone has exceeded three
million, A considerable number of
edults are also enrolled in evening
classes for academic and technical
courses,

Even more of a success story is our
literacy campaign which, in a span
of only three years, dramatically sank
the illiteracy percentage from 93 to
55. This should prove the seriousness
with which we are going about the
task of building @ new soc‘ety.

Man is, of course, the key factor
for the development of the economy
of any given society and thus the
widening of his sphere of knowledge
and skill is essential to step up his
productivity. Our effort in the field
of education should not, however, be
viewed solely as a means to promote
rapid economic development. Jt means
@ lot more than that to us.

We are convinced that, inasmuch
as we have fully pinned our trust in
the masses, their full awarness of
their historic role and active partici-
pation in the on-going endeavour to
build a new society is decisive for the
achievement of our objective.

The objective we pursue in the de
velopment of education is, therefore,
intended no only to promote the pro-
ductivity of the working people but
also to create the necessary spiritual
precondition for the task we have set
ourselves: to create a politically consc-
ious, organized and armed society cap-
able of defending its rights and free:
dom.

Our strive to increase educational
facilities in the last few years has con-
tributed significantly to our task of
eonstructing a new society, thus we
have been able to create favourable
condition for the promotion of our
objective,

The expansion of health services
to cater for the working people’s
well-being is very encouraging. The
work to ulleviate health problems
through a rapid expansion of health
facilities has been going on since the



SENEGAL

Resolutions of FAIS National Council Meeting
(AFRIQUE MUSULMANE, Sep 82)...........4 te eeeceee ee eeeee

SOMALIA

"BBC' Criticized for Arabic Service Over DFSS
(Radio Kulmis, 1 Oct 82).....cccecccecccccccecenees wee

Briefs
Clashes With 'Abyssinians'
Battle Victory

SOUTH AFRICA

P.W. Botha Dashes Hopes of Public Servants
(THE CITIZEN, 16 Sep 82).........c cece cece cee ee ec eeeeee

Buthelezi Hits Out at Nation's Press
(SOWETAN, 24 Sep 82)........... eee ee eeeeeee cece e ee eeee

Official Allegedly Has Links With ANC
(Neil Hopper; SUNDAY TIMES, 26 Sep 82)..........0005 wee

UN Embargo Leads to Self-Sufficiency in Arms
(Johannesburg International Service, 28 Sep 82)........

Schlebusch Favors 'More Equitable Society’
(Johannesburg International Service, 28 Sep 82)..

"Drastic Remedies' Needed by Department
(Editorial; SUNDAY TIMES, 26 Sep 82)........

Reaction to Court Decision on Ingwavuma Reported
(Patrick Laurence; RAND DAILY MATL, 1 Oct 82)..

Spokesman 'Not Impressed’ With Ingwavuma Ruling
(THE SWAZI OBSERVER, 2 Oct 82).......... eee e ee eec ene o

New Warship, Submarine Construction Plan Announced
(Don Marshall; RAND DAILY MAIL, 25 Sep 82)....... ee eeee

Plan To Move White Farmers to Border Areas Contemplated
(THE CITIZEN, 16 Sep 82)..........00200- tee e cece nee oe

Whites Accused of Paranoia About Black Intentions
(Aggrey Klaaste; SOWETAN, 13 Sep 82)............. eevee

45

47

48

48

49

51

52

54

55

56

57

59

61

63

64



NIGERIA

ISRAEL, U.S. CONDEMNED FOR MASSACRE IN BEIRUT
AB241035 Lagos International Service in English 0830 GMT 24 Sep 82
[Station commentary]

[Text] Israel troops standing by watched with apparent pleasure and satis-
faction as Lebanese Christian military forces broke into key Palestinian camps
last Friday. Brutally butchering about 1,500 defenseless Palestinian chil-
dren, women and men. In what has been rightly described as a hineous crime
of aggression and genocide, the Lebanese militia massacred hundreds of
Palestinians amid rape and mutilation. The massacre of these innocent people
has added yet another frightening chapter to the Middle East crisis. The re-
sponsibility for this act of brutality rests entirely on Israel, who had
earlier claimed that their military council of Beirut would prevent the kind
of tragedy which has now occurred. Despite denials, it is apparent that the
Israel authorities aided and abetted the militia's atrocities as the reports
of several journalists revealed.

There is no doubt that the massacre was prompted by the bombing of the
Christian Phalangist Party headquarters in Lebanon in which the Israeli-
backed President-Elect Bashir al-Jumayyil, died 9 days before he was due to
be formally sworn in. The assassination of Al-Jumayyil is admittedly a blow
to peace in a country still smarting under 7 years of bloody sectarian strife
and 3 months of phenomenal Israel devastations. It is beyond doubt that his
assassination would inflame passion but no one expected the kind of mass
slaughter of defenseless people that took place in Sabra and Shatila. It is
inexplicable that the Israelis and their Christian allies should have put
their venom on the Palestinians--they have no proof whatsoever of Palestinian
involvement in the murder of Al-Jumayyil. It seems equally illogical that the
Israelis should have moved their forces to Muslim-dominated West Beirut osten-
sibly to ensure peace when it was clear that the Christians in the eastern
sector were flaring up for revenge on suspected Muslims in West Beirut. It

is now very clear that far from maintaining law and order, the Israelis’

move to West Beirut was to ensure their pathological aim of eliminating the
last remnants of Palestinian fighters in the city.

The United States and the two Western nations--Italy and France--whose forces

supervised the PLO evacuation from Beirut cannot be entirely absolved from
blame. The United States has to be held responsible because its government

39



SOUTH AFRICA

NATION'S BLACK, WHITE SPORTS POLICIES STUDIED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 7 Sep 82 - 11

[Article by Rodney Hartman]

[Text]

Wares in South Africa
are more inclined to favour
multiracial sport at national
than at club or school level,
while black preferences tend to
be the other way round.

This is one of the findings of the
Human Sciences Research Coun-
cil’s in-depth report on sport in
South Africa, published in Pretoria
yesterday.

The report shows that while 91,3% of
whites approached are in favour of
mixed Springbok soccer teams, only
68,6% aah mixing at club level.
Among the blacks the corresponding
figures are 84,3% and 84,2%
respectively. \

‘he investigation, headed by Prof
Gert Scholtz of Potchefstroom Univer-
sity, questioned 10 different target
groups in connection with “open” sport
in the South African political context.

“The whole question of open sport is
central to the South African sports and
political situation,” says the report.
“From the information gathered it was
clear that although different views on
open sport did exist among certain
groups, there was an indication that the
respondents accepted open sport.”

There was a small measure of resis-.
tance to open sport in a minority of
sports situations where the “‘interper-
sonal contact” was very intimate and
implied social interaction that was usu-
ally associated with situations like
swimming at club level and sport in the
school context.

From the information received , says
the report, “it appears that the blacks
on the whole were less positive towards
open sport teams than any other of the
population groups”.

However, it appeared that among the
whites, and particularly the Afrikaans-
speaking group, there was “some resis-

70

tance” to open sport that became more
intense when open sport at club and
school level was at issue. -

Although the whites as a group, and
also the other population groups, were
in the main in favour of open sport at
school level, the white Afrikaans-
speaking group strongly resisted the
idea of such participation.

This view was confirmed from the
information obtained from school prin-
cipals and teachers.

(Of the whites interviewed, only 38,3%
thought that open sport at school level
would promote better human relations
while the response from the other
groups was Indiatis (75%), coloureds
(63,6%) and blacks (61,7%).

At national level 56,2% whites and
52,7% black ‘It that open sport was a
good human relations exercise.

Whites who thought open sport would
not promote good relations numbered
15,4% compared to 5,9% of the blacks.

Both the Indian and coloured groups
favoured mixed sport at school rather
than at national level.

Tx: majority of those questioned
indicated that discrimination in sport
should be removed. Although there was
“general satisfaction” with the rate at
which discrimination was being elimi-
nated, a large number (about 50%) felt
the rate was too slow.

What clearly emerged from the in-
vestigation was that there was opposi-
tion to South African sports organisa-
tions that supported and/or promoted
sports boycotts against South Africa.

Of the urban adults, surveyed, 65,7%
indicated they were against such or-
ganisations. About 20% believed these
organisations should be prohibited by
law.

Sports participants, especially, were
against these organisations. About 97%
‘opposed them or believed they should
be banned.



TUCSA'S RANKS STRENGTHENED IN PAST YEAR

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 8 Sep 82 p 15

[Article by Tony Davis]

[Text]

Despite the loss of”
several affiliates over
the past year, the Trade
Union Council of South
Africa meets in Cape
Town this month for
its annual conference
with a larger member-
ship.

Tucsa boasts a_mem-
bership of 430675 with
57 affiliated unions —
an increase of about
60000 people over last
year.

The week-long ses-
sion in Salt River,
however, is expected to
be a less dramatic
meeting than the 1981
East London con-
ference.

Gone are the strident
tones of long-time un-
ionist, Miss Dulcie
Hartwell, whose two
commercial unions
withdrew from Tucsa
earlier this year over
policy differences.

Gone too are Tucsa
officials Mr Monty Nar-
soo and Mr Allan Fine,
detained .-under- secu-
rity: legislation. Mr ‘Nar-
S00. was-:subsequently
released but Mr. Fine is
still in police custody.

Mrs . Evelyn Seloro’s
Textile Workers’ Union
left Tucsa’s ranks and
joined another - union
federation — the result
of an emotional row at
the last conference over
union’ rivalry for mem-
bership, oo

‘Tucsa’s ranks | were
increased over. last year
by the addition of the
9000-member SA Foot-
plate Staff Association,
a ‘frarisbort union
which followed in the
path of. the Artisan
Staff. Association which
joined Tucsa last year.

The fedération’s crit-
ics say Tucsa is moving
further and further to
the right of the labour
movement in South
Africa as more of its
outspoken members
leave and more largely
white-member unions
join.

But Tucsa says its
views are highly regar-
ded by the Department
of Manpower and this
has been reflected in
some recent labour le-
gislation and also
points to its large black
membership.

Of its 430675 mem-
bers, 101145 are
whites, the rest are
balck, coloured and_In-
dian trade unionists.

At previous annual
conferences Tucsa was
critical. of newly
emergent unions — for
their political stands,
rejection of industrial
councils and refusals to

register. 1
However, the in-
creasing numbers in

the ranks of non-racial
federations and “gener-
al” unions reflect the
growing tide of largely

79

SOUTH AFRICA

black trade unionism.

Tucsa’s’ national exe-
cutive committee, right-
ly or wrongly, believes
this political orienta-
‘tion of emergent
unions is a passing
phase as Government
reforms in the political
arena will likely upset
this stance.

Thirty five resolu-
tions will be debated at
the Salt River con-
ference.

The SA Boiler
makers’ Society proves
itself again to be the
“conscience” of Tucsa
with a wide range of
resolutions which touch
on important labour
issues.

The union calls for
Government legislation
to prevent employers
from dismissing
workers who are taking
‘part in a legal strike,
and also focuses on
retrenchment and mi-
grant workers, work-
men’s compensation,
monitoring the removal
of sex and racial discri-
mination in labour
areas and removing
racial hars from techni-
cal training facilities.

The national execu-
tive committee is critic-
al of secrecy provisions
surrounding industrial
councils, employer rela-
tions with the Depart-
ment of Manpower, un-
employment insurance



354009

JPRS 81970

13 October 1982

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2701

FBIS

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

hie:

nite oy

921 1160866)

Ht
Ne
Age



STATE PLAN TO TAKE OVER PRIVATE SCHOOLS DENIED

Harare THE HERALD in English 16 Sep 82 p 1

[Text]

cso:

ZIMBABWE

NO proposals have been made by the Ministry of Education and Culture
on the future of private schools, a ministry spokesman said yesterday.

He was commenting on
reports‘in the Herald yes-
terday that the Govern-
ment, was considering
making all members of
the Unified Teaching Ser-
vice public servants and
assuming more ~ control
over private schools.

‘The spokesman said the
ministry circular referred
to which was sent to heads
of denominations and edu-
cation secretaries on July
12, was ia fact a letter in-
viting them to meet junior
ministry officials to sound
out opinions.

The meetings in Harare
and Bulawayo were “pure-
ly a forum to collect opt!-
nions and suggestions on
the feasibility of the form-
ation of a single teach-
ing service”.

“The minute sent out
to responsible authorities

3400/2

contained a Ist of prob-’
lem areas or issues of
particular interest to re-
sponsible authorities. They
were requested to reflect
on those problems and
submit their reactions at
the next meeting.

“Nowhere. in elther the
discussions or the minutes
which the delegates have
received from the minis-
try, is it stated, or even
implied, that the Govern-
ment plans to take over
schools from the respon-
sible authorities.”

The meetings were
merely discussions to
sound out: opinions. “To
date, no proposals have
been made by the minis-
try on the subject.”

105

‘The education secretary
of the Zimbabwe Catholic
Bishops’ Conference, Fr
¥. Mugadza, said that the
articles had embarrassed
the conference and the
heads of denominations.

No confidential informa-
tion had been given to the
Herald by the education
secretary and all churches,
not just the Catholic
Church, were concerned
in the matter.

‘The question of a single
teaching service “as far
as we understand it, is
merely a proposal by the
Government to obtain an
informed reaction from
responsible authorities”.

The matter was still be-
ing discussed and, sald
Fr Mugadza, it had not
been suggested that the
Catholic bishops would
wish to see the Prime
Minister on this issue.



Fund Drive Launched To Aid First Archival Center Construction
(A. M. Kiawu; NEW LIBERIAN, 9 Sep 82)............ peewee

Briefs
Danish Memorandum of Understanding

MADAGAS CAR

MONIMA Begins Election Maneuvering
(MADAGASCAR-MATIN, 7, 10 Sep 82)..

MONIMA To Support Ratsiraka
VS MONIMA To Support Jaona
VS MONIMA Answers Questions

MALAWI

Briefs
Livulezi Bridge

NAMIBIA

Newly-Proposed Government Faces Problems
(Editorial; DIE REPUBLIKEIN, 14 Sep 82).......eeeeeeeeeeee

Briefs
Disagreement on Representation

NIGERIA

Commentary Discusses Relations With Bulgaria
(Lagos Domstic Service, 18 Sep 82)......

Lagos Sees Continued Cordial Ties With Romania
(Lagos Domestic Service, 20 Sep 82)......

Israel, U.S. Condemed for Massacre in Beirut
(Lagos International Service, 24 Sep 82)........... pe eeeee

Papers Comment on Massacre of Palestinians
(Lagos International Service, 23 Sep 82)......eseeeeeeeee .

Briefs
UN Debate Urged
Obasanjo Denies 'Meddling'
Estimated Oil Revenue Revised
PLO Support Urged
Motion Condemning Israel Suspended
PRP Condemns Israel
Ojukwu Involvement in Politics

-b-

24

25

31

32

34

35

37

39

41

42
42
42
42
43
43
43


ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

SECRECY AT AIRMEN'S HEARING--HARARE--An application by three detained Zimbabwe
Air Force officers for access to their lawyers resumed before Mr Justice
Charles Waddington in the High Court in Harare yesterday. At the start of

the proceedings, Mr Richard Phillips of the Attorney-General's Office produced
two certificates which forbade the proceedings from being held in public, as

it would not be in the interests of the State. The three senior Air Force
offices are Air Vice-Marshall Hugh Slatter, the Air Force Chief of Staff; Air
Commodore Philip Pile, the Director of Air Force Operations; and Wing Commander
Peter Briscoe, Staff Officer of the Air Training Staff. Mr Justice Waddington
cleared the court, saying the State was determined to have the proceedings

in camera. He said under the law he had no option other than to hold the pro-
ceedings in Camera. "I have no discretion," he said. Air Vice-Marshall Slatter
has been in detention for 13 days, Air Commodore, Pile for 12 days and Wing
Commander Briscoe for 23 days. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English

16 Sep 82 p 5] :

DEMOBILIZATION EXERCISE--The demobilisation of ex-combatants is expected to
be completed by October or November this year, the Minister of Labour and
Social Services, Cde Kumbirai Kangai, told the House of Assembly yesterday.
Answering questions during debate on the vote for his ministry, the minister
said so far 22 164 ex-combatants had been demobilised. He said the Government
was trying to redirect "these young people who lost their opportunity for
education while fighting to liberate the country". [Text] [Harare THE HERALD
in English 8 Sep 82 p 1]

RECRULTMENT SCHEME BOOSTS BRIGADES--The registration of workers for building
brigades in Harare has been a great success, with more than 200 people register—
ing each day since the exercise officially began last week. The registration
officers at the Ministry of Housing and Local Government's Fourth Street branch
said the workers were eager to register because most of them were not employed.
Some said they were registering because they had been laid off when contractors’
contracts had expired. The registration officers said they were getting more
skilled people than unskilled. The ministry said last week it wanted carpenters,
joiners, welders, drivers, machine operators, mechanics, accountants, clerks,
electricians, technicians, bricklayers, plumbers and painters. The registration
will end next Tuesday. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 8 Sep 82 p 3]

HEALTH CENTRES PLANNED-~ The Ministry of Health intends to build 316 rural
health centres by 1985, the Deputy Minister of Health, Cde Edward Pswarayi,

106



The motions from these three days of work deal with national life in general:
the economy, social affairs and the coming elections. The meeting confirmed
criticisms already formulated by previous national assemblies of the VS MONIMA
between 1978 and this work session of the Central Committee and the Political
Bureau of the group in Faravohitra. The party agreed in principle on part of
the policies of President Didier Ratsiraka (nationalization of enterprises,
decentralization, relations with socialist countries, categorical refusal of
anything running counter to national interests and sovereignty, corruption,
misappropriation of public monies, and so on). But in practice, the VS MONIMA
has noted a number of blunders, errors and even outright irregularities.

Profits

For Remanindry Jaona and his followers, the goal remains the same: establish-
ment of a new social order in Madagascar, voted by the people on 21 December
1975. "While for some, the socialist paradise is already near," Remanindry
Jaona said, "for us, it is pure disillusion, a dream."

The motions state the need for production units and other government enter-
prises to have profits "and not always be content to spend public monies and
wait for government subsidies, as is now the case." The VS MONIMA demands

a complete revision and cleanup of management of such units and public depart-—
ments and punishment of all those who have diverted public funds, along with
reconsideration of workers' rights in the smooth operation of their enterprises.

Rehabilitation of the national private sector was also discussed by the VS
MONIMA in all fields (transportation, agriculture, commerce, industry). The
role of the foreign private sector, which the national economy still needs,
has to be clearly defined. Likewise, foreign capital must be the subject of
a serious, thorough study within the framework of the Investment Code.

On the political level, national unity is the greatest concern of the VS MONIMA.
"The National Front for the Defense of the Revolution has a very important role
to play in this unity," Remanindry Jaona said. Jaona emphasized the Front's
mission in all fields for "real democratic freedom" and aiming at "effective
and harmonious socioeconomic development. A responsible Front is the only

way to achieve a truly all-encompassing foreign policy that will be accepted

by all the Malagasy people," Jaona said. "It cannot be a single person."

Important Period

In the social realm, the VS MONIMA demands complete revision’of national radio
broadcasts, which should not be "the tool of persons in power alone," and

an increase in the public health budget, "in the face of the current shortage
of doctors, medicines, hospital facilities and medical equipment."

The VS MONIMA is categorical in deeming that this election period is "important
in the life of the nation, especially when it is a matter of national recovery."
"That is what caused the VS MONIMA to remain in the Front, as long as it were
solely its own decision," Jaona said. It is a well-known fact that outside

the Front, no political party can exist.

27.



UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE QUESTIONS UNANSWERED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 10 Sep 82 p 9

[Text]

HUNDREDS of thousands of
contract workers are on the
verge of regaining unemploy-
ment insurance rights — but
the issue seems set to remain
a sore point.

‘According to officials of
the Department of Manpow-
er, the setting up of Unem-
ployment Insurance Funds
(UIFs) inside the various in-
dependent homelands to ca-
ter for contract and commut-
er workers, who lost those
rights when Ciskei, ‘Transkei
and Venda opted for indepen-
dence, is at an advanced
stage and a final announce-
ment is expected soon.

But there is still wide-
spread dissatisfaction and
confusion over the issue and
some companies could un-

“knowingly owe thousands of

rands in arrears to the UIF,
while a number of workers
are still having UIF contribu-
tions deducted although they
are unable to claim the
benefits.

Worker anger over the:is-
sue in East London, where
about 80% of black workers
commute to work daily, be-
came apparent after Ciskei
took independence last year.
‘This led to uneasiness among
employers and at on¢ stage
there was a fear that it could
lead to strikes in much the
same way as the preserva-
tion of pensions issue before
it.

The complete lack of un-
employment benefits for con-
tract workers from the inde-
perident homelands, as well
as for domestic workers and
farm labourers, is again be-
coming increasingly impor-
tant as more and more peo-
ple lose their jobs in the
recession. :

Trade unions and commu-
nity aid centres are particu-

larly unhappy over the set-
ting aside, by the Minister of
Manpower, Mr Fanie Botha,
of R2-million from the UIF
for workers in the motor in-
dustry who refuse to join
strikes while “over 2-million
genuinely unemployed work-
ers are not receiving even
their legitimate unemploy-
ment benefits”.

There have been calls for
the Minister to divert some of
the money from the fund —
which totalled R253 500 000
in June — to alleviate some
of the poverty and suffering
caused through unemploy-
‘iment.

At present the more than
42000 Transkei contract
workers in the Western Cape
can claim no unemployment
benefits if they lose their
jobs, while the 5 500 Ciskeian
migrants, in the process of
being phased out as contribu-
tors to the fund, have had
their benefits preserved until
December 4, 1984 — three
years after’ independence.

orkers with permanent
residence rights are still UIF
members.

ny Cape employers con-
tacted over the past few days
say they stopped deducting
UIF monies from their con-
tract workers when Ciskei
became independent last
year. They were unaware
that both employer and
worker contributions contin-
ue until contracts, which last

a maximum of a year, expire
and that they are now liable
to pay possibly thousands of
rands in arrears.

_ Other employers have con-
tinued to deduct UIF money
from contract workers who
will not be able to claim
benefits. Helpers at a local
workers’ advice bureau say

SOUTH AFRICA



FREEDOM FOR JABU NGWENYA SOUGHT

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 6 Sep 82 p 14

[Article by The Detainees’ Parents Support Committee]

[Text]

Jabu Ngwenya is no
stranger to the inside
of a cell. Neither is he
ignorant of the interro-
gation methods used by
security police in ex-
tracting information.
For when Jabu (26).
was detained during
November 1981 he had
already undergone de-
tention and interroga-
tion at least three
times previously.

His latest — and len-
gest — detention has
so far spanned nine
months. Currently held
on the orders of the
Transvaal Attorney-
General in. terms of
Section 30 (1)_of the
new Internal Security
Act, Jabu is being de-
tained as a potential
witness in the treason
case pending against
Cedric Mayson. .

‘Although Mayson
was himself detained in
November 1981, his
trial begins only in
January 1983. By that
time, Jabulani
Ngwenya will have
been: in custody for 14
months — much of
that. period on the in-
struction of the
Attorney-General.

Who is this young
man who has spent so
much’ of the last four’

years in solitary con-
finement _ interspersed
with security police in-

81

terrogation? An active
Christian, and a former
youth secretary of the
now-banned . Christian
Institute, Jabu is mar-
ried and has a young
child.

‘At the time he left
school in 1976, most
young black scholars
adhered to the black
consciousness _ position,
and supported those or-
ganisations which pro-

“moted it. He is now

one of those rare
people able to forge

“links between suppor-

ters of black conscious-
ness and those who
believe that conflict in
South Africa can be
neither understood nor
resolved in purely rac-
ial terms.

Friends — and he
has many, especially in
the churches in South
Africa, West Germany
and the Netherlands —

» emphasise his commit-

ment to a non-racial
and democratic future.
They note his lack of
bitterness despite the
suffering he has ex-
perienced in successive
detention periods.
During | 1979, Jabu
was an official guest of
a group of West Ger-
man _ churches, spend-
ing five months work-
ing with youth groups
in that country. He
made a great impres-
sion on his hosts —

SOUTH AFRICA



therefore, on the degree of effort everybody does in his/her workplace towards
the success of these goals. Henceforward, the improvement of our life will
depend on what each and everybody does to enhance the productivity of his/her
work. Henceforward, our freedom from disease and illiteracy and the effort
to build a prosperous and democratic society will depend on the degree of ef-
fort we are willing to expend to change nature and ourselves. To struggle for
hte realization of this new life and to make due sacrifice thereto is the
responsibility of every Ethiopian citizen.

Detr Ethiopian Workers?

Having 80 for referred to the soctal
and economte aspects which no doubt
are decisive for the attainment of our
Terolutionary goal for which we are
fighting, f should now like to spell out
the following:

In the field of. mineral industry,
the work of the gold exploration and
mining projection in Sidamo Region
ond thot of the oil project in the Ha
rarghe Region is proceeding according
to schedule and has now reached a
promising stege of development.

In the field of industry, emong the
meny industrial projects whose con

struction is either underway or is.

about to start, the tractor and farm-
implements factory’ is probably the
most significont, The construction will
begin this vrar and in this very month
ot the city of Nozereth,

The socand large-scale industrial en-
terprise whose construction ts schedul-
ed to start also at the beginning of this
year tg the Dire Dewca Cement plant
with an ennual capacity of 900,000
tons.

One of our many projects in the
field of education an training is the
the Medical Science Institute whose
eoistruetion is alreedy underway tn
the Kaffa Region. The work of the
Pecsants’ end Craftsmen Multi-purpo-
se Training Centre in the Bale Region
fo project which has cost us a great
deal of thought and effort) is already
womplete after a year’s work, awaiting

oniy commissioning sometime within
@weck from this great commemora
tame

While I affirm my eonfidence that
these and other development projects
will be completed and be operational
in the next few vears. f should like te
express my thanks to all of our friends
for their cooperation and assistance in
this regard,

Comrades!

As has often been referred to, the
formation of the party of the working
people is an essential prerequisite for
the suecessful conduct of the on-going
task of the construction of ¢ new ord-
er. Inasmuch es the victories which
the working people have scored are the
oucome of a bitter class struggle, their
defence and protection presupposes
the continuation of the struggle until
the final victory.

It ig only under a: party leadership
composed of conscious and genuine
workers, standing head and shoulder
above everyone else an the very para-

- gon of the ideals of the working peop

le, that we ean be assured that the
struggle will come to an end with the
inevitable vieory of the working peop-
le,

The participation of the masses in
the economie political and social life
of the nation is the indieator of the
popular nature of the order we are
building. It is only with a party leader-
ship capable of politicizing and orga-
nizing the masses and with the skill to



BUTHELEZI HITS OUT AT NATION'S PRESS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 24 Sep 82 p 4

[Text]

cso:

4700/1982

THE Chief Minister ot
KwaZulu, Chief Gatsha
Buthelezi, said on
Wednesday night he had
tried during his
American visit to dis-
suade people there that
the South African Go’
ernment’s new const
tutional proposal “may
be the beginning of
something”.

This impression had
to a certain extent been
created by editorial
opinion in the South Af-
rican Press, he said at a
Press conference at Jan
Smuts Airport on his re-
turn from a 10-day visit
to the United States.

Some editorial opin-
ion in South Africa had,
while being critical of
the new constitutional
proposals, said some-
thing good could come
of them, he said.

“The present govern-
ment proposals are the
culmination of classic
apartheid and actually
represent a slamming of
the door in the faces of
the black people of
South Africa,” he said.

51

While in the United
States Chief Buthelezi
presented to the United
Nations Under-Secre-
tary for Political Affairs,
a memorandum stating
that while he appre-
ciated UN recognition
of the ANC and PAC,
acceptance of their
claim to be the sole
spokésman for South
African blacks created
division.

He said he had told
American leaders he did
not believe the domino
theory was applicable in
southern Africa and be-
lieved that all the coun-
tries in the region could
only be liberated from
their colonial pasts when
South Africa was liber-
ated.

“South Africa can
destabilise the whole of
southern Africa and we
cannot say that other
southern African states
are truly liberated, es-
pecially as their econ-
omies are so inextricably
linked to that of South
Africa.”

SOUTH AFRICA



MABUZA ACCUSED OF SPREADING FALSE RUMORS

SWAZILAND

Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 15 Sep 82 pp 1, 16

[Text]

cso:

FORMER _ Ka-
Ngwane chief cou-
ncillor, Enos Ma-
buza is now ex-
ploiting the King-
dom’s _ bereave-
ment to spread
false rumours am-
ong Swazis in
South Africa.

Mabuza is spread-
ing rumours that it
was only the late King
who wanted them,
and that efforts for
Swazi unity ended
with his ‘‘demise.’’

Pro-unification
leaders in KaNgwane
commented that this
is an effort to demo-
talise those who want
unity. He is distri-
buting pamplets.

One. of the pamp-
hlets The Times ob-
tained is purported to
have been written by
the ANC.

But pro-unification
leader in KaNgwane, David
Lukhele believes that this is

a ploy to attract people who
are sympathetic to the ANC

4700/1965

to support Mabuza’s now
defunct Inyandza
movement.

Among other things, the
pamphlets sates that the
border adjustment issue
was designed to create
ity between South

liberation
movements and Swaziland.

The pamphlets further
allege that this would
complete South Africa’s
long projected plans to
create a constellation of
Southern African states.

The pamphlet incites
people to demonstrate
against. the —_—rborder
adjustment plans.

The pro-unification
leadership in KaNgwane:
believes that he is exploiting
black sentiments for his
‘own motives.

Addressing Swazis_ in
South Africa, Mr. Lukhele
+ said: “Speculation after the

King’s departure has been
observed, where some
people are of the opinion
that the land claim by the
Swazi nation has ended!
with the departure of the
King.

“The matter is
continuing. The opposition
is trying all dirty tactics.
Recently they distributed
pamphlets and told people
they were ANC pamphlets,
when we know they are
“Inyandza”’ pamphlets.

93

“People should not be
confused by E.J. Mabuza.
He has also distributed.
pamplets discouraging
people from attending His
Majesty’s funeral. All that
will not help him.”

In an article published in
a KaNgwane newspaper,
Mr. Mabuza claims to
mourn the King, but says:
“The question now arises to

In reply to that, Mr
Lukhele states in the same
paper that the remarks
full of inconsistencies which
are designed to divert
attention from the central
and burning issues of the
deal... to flimsy and
irrelevant arguments.

Mr. Mabuza claims that
since the land issue came
into the open, many South
African — Swazis now
dissociate themselves from
Swazi culture and language.
published in KaNgwane
newspaper, Mabuza also
spreads false information
about the succession to the
throne.

In a recent meeting held
in Sidlamafa by Mabuza’s
defunct organisation, he

urged people to ' pay
exorbitant joining fees.



@ That, in consultation With interested
parties, the SABC give consideration to

the idea of using television coverage to
a greater extent to motivate people to
participate in sport and physical
activities.

More South Africans (106 per 1 000)

ticipated in recreational sport than
in competitive sport (48 per 1000) and
whites represented the biggest
involvement.

For every 1 000 white males, 197 took
part in sport compared with 96 (Asians),
42 (coloureds) and 34 (blacks).

More Asians (274) than whites (238)
participated in recreation activities.

‘Another finding was that the whites
in metropolitan areas preferred to par-
ticipate in recreational sport rather
than in competitive sport, while blacks’

participation figures in metropolitan
areas were considerably higher than in
other areas.

Corovree, and particularly
black youths in the 10-19 age category
participated less in competitive and re-
creational sport than their Indian and
white counterparts.

The reasons advanced by partici-
pants for their participation in sports
were, in decreasing order of
importance:

Health and fitness; recreation and
diversion; attractiveness of sport itsel
competition and achievement; to be a
tively busy and as a means of social
intercourse.

Test Your Claims in Court, Sacos Urged

THE HSRC’s report into
sport denies a claim by the
SA Council on Sport that it
represents the majority’ of
sportsmen in South Africa.

At the same time the re-
-port recommends that Sacos,
which does not have official
recognition, should apply to
the courts or to an objective
arbitration body to seek fi-
nality on its claim.

“If it is borne in mind that
the organisation (Sacos)
draws its main support from
Indians, and to a lesser ex-
tent from coloureds, and that
Asians and coloureds only ac-
count for some 138% of the
total South African popula-
tion...the claim is com-
pletely unfounded,” says the

ort.
his should also be seen in
the light of the lesser extent
to which these population
groups participated in sport.
The report therefore rec-

Give Us Time, Says Minister

commends to the Government
that “note be taken of the
limited extent to which Sdcos
can claim to represent South
African sportsmen”.

One of the major obstacles
in the path of optimal and
fair provision of sport in
South Africa was “the deep
division in South African
sport”.

This division did not relate
to fragmentation in manage-
ment or to healthy competi-
tion that usually occurs be-
tween sports bodies, but
rather to clearly conflicting
interests.

“The division is so deep
that the sports interests
of certain groups are serious-
ly threatened and the public
interest in terns of sport is
consequently affected.

The role that the’ South
African Council on Sport
plays in this connection is

specifically mentioned as
this body still refuses to co-
operate with officially recog-
nised and representative
sports bodies.”

The HSRC said the only in-
stance in which parties were
apparently told to withhold
their co-operation for its
national survey was in the
case of members of Sacos —
“which includes target
groups whose needs are
among the most pressing”.

Many attempts had been
made to obtain Sacos’ co-op-
eration but these efforts were
to no avail.

“It would have been pref-
erable had Sacos put forward
and explained its feelings and

iviewpoints scientifically in
the investigation,” the report
says.

Investigation chief Prof
Gert Scholtz has made provi-
sion for Sacos to join the prao-
posed Sports Council.

THE HSRC’s “Sports in the RSA” report is
probably the most comprehensive scientific
investigation ever to be undertaken into sport,
in this country.

In accepting the report in Pretoria yester-
day, the Minister of National Education, Dr
Gerrit Viljoen, said he hoped the Government
would be in a position next year to express its
views on it, or parts of it.

The Government was aware that the re-
search and the writing of the report and the

component reports required a great deal of
work.

“The total of 154 recommendations cover a
wide field, affect a great many private and
public bodies and are, in some cases, drastic.

“It will therefore be understood ‘that the

72

Government cannot immediately decide on
the report but would like first to give the
public, particularly interested parties, an op-
portunity to study the report and its recom-
mendations thoroughly and to comment.”
‘The report was, therefore, being released
for general information now and interested
bodies and members of the public were invit-
ed to submit their comments to the Director-
General of National Education, Private Bag
X122, Pretoria, before the end of the year.
The HSRC report, Dr Viljoen said, covered
a wide field, but three aspects were of par-
“ticular importance. These were:
@ The philosophy, as presented in the report,
of the role of society, the view on the provi-
sion of sport developed in light of this philos-



Broad party involvement in the central government would be feasible on the
normal basis of government and opposition, but experience in the past has
shown that as soon as a party cannot have its way, it refuses to submit

to the will of the majority, and it packs up and leaves, If things remain
this way in the new structure it will not be long before the present situation
is repeated.

5. For the sake of reconciliation among the cultural groups in South-West
Africa the DTA [Democratic Turnhalle Alliance] has over the past years put
in a lot of effort, and not without success.

The South-West Africa of today is radically different from that of half a
decade ago faced by the Marxist onslaught against the population, this basis
of changing views is the weapon which has to be ‘taken into account.

If the government of the country has to be taken over by a conglomerate of
parties which cannot see eye to eye on this fundamental matter, the road

ahead is strewn with difficulties. Thus: Of all the important moments in
the game, this is the most important.

cso: 3401/1

33



SENEGAL

RESOLUTIONS OF FAIS NATIONAL COUNCIL MEETING

Dakar AFRIQUE MUSULMANE in French No 7, Sep 82 p 7

fArticle: "The National Council Confirms the Vitality of FATS")

[Excerpt] The National Council of the Federation of Senegalese Islamic Associa~
tions [FAIS] met on 22 August 1982 at the Kaolack Chamber of Commerce, under
the chairmanship of Brother Prof Ibrahim Mahmoud Diop.

After hearing the following:

a) the opening address of FAIS President Serigne Abdoul Aziz Sy (Jr.);

b) the report of General Secretary El Hadji Moustapha Cisse;

c) the report on the FAIS Youth Movement presented by the brother in charge
of youth, El Hadji Ismaila Deme,

CONSIDERING:

1) the excellent relations which prevail between government authorities and
FAIS on the one hand, and between religious authorities and FAIS on the other
hand;

2) the development of FAIS's foreign relations;
3) the need to expand FAIS cultural activities, on the other hand;

4) the urgent need for FAIS to implement an adequate common educational
program;

5) the important role played by Arabic in the African community in general,
and among Muslims in particular as it is the language of the Koran, a language

of civilization and culture;

6) the essential part played by the press in informing and educating the
masses}

7) the imperious necessity for FAIS to organize a Youth Movement;

45



demands on public ser-
vants and placing even
greater responsibilities on
their shoulders.

But, he said, he could
give the assurance that
appointments to the ser-
vice would still be made
on merit.

“The example set by
public servants who
worked many hours vol-
untary overtine was an
exemplary one for the
country as a whole, he

said.

On housing, Mr Botha
said that an official in-
quiry had been com-
pleted.

The report of the com-
mission was now being
cosidered and he believed
that it contained many
proposals which, “if
found practicable, could
make a substantial contri-
bution to easing the hous-
ing problems of officials”,
he said.

"Government Aware of the Problem!

cso:

4700/1934

The president of the Public
Servants’ Association, Dr
Cameron said that the ser-
vice particularly appre-
ciated the moves towards
rationalisation of the ser-
vice and the dedication of
Mr Botha to clean adminis-
tration.”

He recalled the . 1940s
when a career in the public
service was much sought
after.

Meanwhile, there had
been a tremendous growth
in the demands made on
the State and the service,
linked in more recent times
to an exceptionally high
growth rate and difficulties
in recruiting staff from a
manpower source that was
already overstrained, he
lsaid.

50



8) the forthcoming Congress, which must be a congress of truth, for change
within continuity:

a) the National Council is pleased with the constant solicitude of the
president of the Republic, Mr Abdou Diouf, and his government under the
leadership of its dynamic prime minister, Mr Habib Thiam;

- the National Council welcomes the understanding and unity [which prevail]
among the country's religious authorities and the moral support they continue
to give to FAIS;

b) the National Council expresses its warmest thanks to the president of
the Iraki Republic, His Excellency Mr Saddam Hussein, and to his government
for assuming the full cost of building the FAIS Cultural Certer named after
him;

- the National Council appreciates at its true value the warm welcome
granted by the Iraki authorities to thé FAIS president and delegation on
the occasion of their visit to Baghdad;

c) the National Council congratulates the Bureau on its activities, especial-
ly on the conference it held in Lyons, and which was organized by the French
Muslim Cultural Association;

d) the National Council strongly advises the Bureau to do all it can to
disseminate without delay [as published] toward a dynamic educational
program;

e) the National Council denounces the irresponsible attitude of the Sole
Democratic Trade Union of Senegalese Teachers (SUDES) who, in a pamphlet
dated 2 May 1982, took position against the teaching of Arabic in primary
schools;

- the National Council invites the government to continue its program of
integration of the Arabic language and religious teaching, in the spirit of
the conclusions adopted by the Convention on Education;

£) the National Council commends the Bureau's efforts to resume publication
of its journal and invites all FAIS members to actively participate in the
effort to give new impetus to AFRIQUE MUSULMANE, the organ of the Federation,
and help it survive;

g) the National Council invites the Bureau to speed up the implementation
of the Youth Movement; .

h) the National Council decides that the 3rd Ordinary Congress will take
place on 27-28 November 1982 in Dakar.

Made in Kaolack,
on 22 August 1982

The National Council

9294 46
cso: 4719/1412



Another recommendation is that the proposed sports council should, inter alia,
have the function of providing finance for additional open sports facilities
and professional supervision of facilities to, among others, local authorities.

Leave School Sport Be--Gerrit Viljoen

IT WAS unnecessary for school sport to be co-ordinated by an umbrella body,
the Minister of National Education, Dr Gerrit Viljoen, said yesterday.

At a Press conference at which he released the HSRC's main report, the Minis-
ter pointed out that the Government viewed school sport as part of the normal
education programme.

+ The administration of
school sport was, therefore,
the concern of the educa-

The investigating com-
mittee recommends that

tion authorities.

“T believe it is unneces-
sary for it to be co-ordinat-
ed by an umbrella body. I
therefore see no need for
the establishment of such a

the object should be to es-
tablish a single umbrella
organisation for school
sport in South Africa and
that this body should be af-
filiated to and represented
on the proposed sports

body for school sport as is council.
proposed in the report.”

cso: 4700/1978

75



cso:

pre-war years.

Ironically, the politic-
al party supported by
Die Transvaler was the
one that denied that
right to others when it
came to power. It
closed down The Star's
black sister newspaper,
The World, Now no
newspaper can call it-
self free.

It was __ inevitable
that, as freedom of the
Press diminished in
South Africa, so did
individual freedoms,
for Press freedom and
individual freedom are
so interlinked as to be
indivisible.

The struggle is as
ageless as it is urgent.
In the past 100 years,
South Africans have
fought in at least five
wars at home and ab-
toad in the cause of
freedom. Yet today, for
the first time in 150
years of striving for
ffeedom of expression,
South Africans are lo-
sing the battle.

Fear is costing us
our freedom. The
people who are afraid
are mainly those privi-

4700/1978

leged enough to have
enjoyed the benefits of
western-style democ-
racy in the past. They
are afraid that if they
extend freedom to
others, they will lose
their own. Yet a dispas-
sionate look at history
or at any society on
earth shows the con-
verse is true. Deprived
and underprivileged
men will always reach
upwards. If they are
given no share, they
eventually grab every-
thing — and so deprive
the once-free.

We are not alone in
our fear, our greed,
and our laziness in the
defence of freedom.
The problem is world.
wide. Men who have
power are always afraid
or unwilling to share
it. Everywhere they re-
cognise that knowledge
is a form of power, so
they try to deny people
information. The public
is usually passive.
However, if men_ in
power are not disci-
plined or curbed in
their censorship,
violence inevitably fol-
lows.

85

Alistair Cooke will
point out in this series
that “censorship actual-
ly bottles under pres-
sure the domestic tur-

“moil it is designed to

pacify. The bottle
never stays unexploded
for long.”

Jacobo Timerman, a
famous Argentinian ed-
itor who was tortured
and imprisoned for dis-
agreeing with his
government, will tell

you that “when the
freedom of the Press is
restricted or sup-
pressed, it is not the
debate that disappears
but civilisation,”

Knowing these things
— knowing that’ our
fathers and their
fathers and grand.
fathers fought, and
sometimes died, for
that precious com-
modity vaguely called
freedom — we need to
ask ourselves: Why has
censorship been
allowed to spread and
freedom to erode, with
hardly a murmur from
these citizens’ who still
have the right to speak
out?



has continued unabatedly to support Israel which, in no small measure, has
encouraged Israeli intransigence and atrocities. Moreover, the massacre
took place despite the guarantees given by American Special Envoy Philip
Habib and the agreement the Palestinians had with him that the families of
the evacuated PLO fighters would be adequately protected. France and Italy
are also to blame for withdrawing their forces earlier than expected.

The worldwide condemnation of Israel that followed the massacre will do
little to dissuade the Israelis if their past activities are anything to go
by. Israel's record of defying world opinion has become legendary. The
international community owes it to humanity not only to forestall and dis-
courage such massacres but also to establish a lasting peace in the Middle
East. The starting point of this is the international community through the
agency of the United Nations to ensure the immediate withdrawal of Israeli
troops from Lebanon. Should the Zionists hesitate to withdraw from Lebanon
forthwith, the Security Council should apply sanctions against it. Also, all
those connected with the massacre should be arrested and tried like the Nazi
war criminals. Finally, the Palestinian problem which lies at the root of the
whole crisis should be positively resolved by ensuring the creation of a
Palestinian state. Until this is done, the Middle East will continue to re-
main a hotbed of tension in the world.

cso: 3400/15

40



JPRS 81970
13 October 1982

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2701
ConTENTS
CHAD
Sudan Airways Resuming Activities
(INFO TCHAD, 4 Sep 82).......20000e ence ee eeeee becca eeee 1
Briefs
Resumption of Food Distribution 2
ETHIOPIA
Mengistu's Revolution Day Speech
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 14 Sep 82).....eeceeeeeeeeeeeeceeee 3
Briefs
Battle Success 17
Victories Reported 17
Conscripts Failure v7
Complete Victory 18
Afabet-Halhal Feeder Road 18
Battle Victory . 18
KENYA
Briefs
Magazines Barred 19
Kenya Oil Shut-Down 19
LIBERIA
Minister Says IMF To Transfer 1982/1983 Budget 'Booster'
to Nation
(J. M. Cassell; DAILY OBSERVER, 9 Sep 82)......eeeeeeeee 20!

Commerce Ministry Arranging Cement Imports
(DAILY OBSERVER, 9 Sep 82)........- se eeeee beeen cree e nee 21

-a- (III - NE & A - 120]


FORMATION OF NEW STATE EMPLOYEES' BODY REPORTED

Harare THE HERALD in English 17 Sep 82 pp 1, 3

[Text]

THE Government has announced the formation
of a National Joint Council to make representa-

tions on behalf of all

State employees.

The Minister of State in
the Prime Minister's .Of-
fice (responsible for the
Public Service) Mr Chris
Andersen, told delegates
to the 64th annual con-
ference of the Public
Services Association
yesterday that the JNC
would provide machinery
for effective consultation
and the resolution of
problems in cases of dis-
pute between the ,State
and its employees.

He sald: “One of the
matters which has con-
cerned your association
and the Government, as
well as other members of
the civil service, ts the
mature of the body
through which your col-
lective views should be ex-
pressed and the extent of
the influence any ‘such
body may have.

“This should be a body
with the power to make
representations on behalf
of members of the service
and, in particular, as to
conditions of their em-
ployment.”

The minister said the
Government believed that
such a council would be
able to improve working

conditions and would
remove areas of conflict

leading to. better per-
formance from public
servants.

‘The final constitution of
the NJC remained to be
determined, but its im-
mediate composition
would be of equal mem-
bers from staff associa-
tions with an enrolment of
at least 25 percent of its
potential membership and
two members of the um-
brella association still to
be formed.

“The council will be
under the chairmanshiy
the permanent secretary
to the Public Service
Commission and its senior
officers will be drawn
from the Ministries of
Finance, the Public Serv-
ice, Labour and Social
Services, Education and
Culture,’ Health and Man-
power Planning and De-
velopment,” Mr Andersen
sald.

The minister em-
phasised that the proper
development of Zimbabwe
demanded loyal, efficient,
honest and hard-working
membere of the civil serv-
ice in order that each

Civil Servant Strikes 'Would Be Illogical'

ZIMBABWE

ministry could achieve its
goals.

The formation of the
council was the first stage
towards collective bargain-
ing for as large a propor-
tion of State employers as
possible, Mr falcolm
‘Thompson, chairman of
the Public Service Com-
mission, said yesterday.

CHALLENGE

Mr Thompson said the
announcement presented a
challenge to all those who
claimed to represent Zim-
babwe's public servants to
organise themselves and
Prove they were the true
representatives of their
groups,

He said the Public Ser-

vices Association had
made considerable _pro-
gress in the last year.

He also said: “Restruc-
tured promotion commit-
tees have been set up
throughout the service
and, although there have
been some teething
troubles in a number of
ministries and depart-
ments, the committees
now function well.”

‘The whole image of the
public service could be
ruined by a few rude civil
servants who handled the
public _impolitely or
unsympathetically, Mr
‘Thompson satd.

IT-would be illogical for civil servants to strike because they would he
‘striking against themgelves, the Minister of Labour and Social Services,

Cde Kumbirai Kangai,

said yesterday.

103



PLAN TO MOVE WHITE FARMERS TO BORDER AREAS CONTEMPLATED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 16 Sep 82 p 4

[Text]

cso:

4700/1934

‘A CABINET comittee
was considering, among
others, a basis on which
White farmers could be
concentrated in border
areas, Mr Greyling Went-
zel, Minister of Agricul-
ture, told the Transvaal
NP congress yesterday.

He said such concentra-
tions could, for example.
be established in suitable
irrigation areas, writes
JAAP THERON. For
this purpose low-cost
weirs could be built in riv-
ers.

He also said the com-
mitte was considering to
make special funds avail-
able for agricultural pro-
duction development.

Concessions were also
being considered which
should make it worth
while for new farmers to
establish themselves in
border areas.

Another issue being
considered by the Cabinet
committee was the com-

pulsory presence of
Whites on all border
farms, irrespective of

whether they were the
owners. It meant that an
owner of a border farm
who stayed ina city would
have another White to
live on his farm, but no
farm would be left with-

63

out White supervision in
border areas.

Mr Wentzel said the
Government was looking
into socalled internationa
border problems, and he
expressed the hope that
some of these plans would
be established before the
end of this year.

The Minister of For-
eign Affairs, Mr Pik Bo-
tha, told the congress that
the Government was
aware.of the possible pin-
cer effect on the lowveld
centres of Malelane and
Komatipoort, should the
Kangwane-Swaziland
consolidation plans be-
come reality.

He assured congress
that the government
would, for as long as it
was in power, ensure the
country had the ability to
secure corridors and nar-
row passes through inde-
pendent national states
and foreign territories.

Two matters delayed
any further negotiations
with Swaziland at this
stage.

The first was the pen-
ding court action which
made the matter sub ju-
dice; while ‘the second
was the recent death of
King Sobhuza.

SOUTH AFRICA



P.W. BOTHA DASHES HOPES OF PUBLIC SERVANTS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 16 Sep 82 p 9

[Text]

THE Prime Minister, Mr
P W Botha, yesterday
dashed hopes of a new
deal for civil servants to
stem the tide of resigna-
tions and the threatened
collapse of the service.

Instead, Mr Botha
called on officials attend-
ing the annual congress of
the Public Servants’ Asso-
ciation to do their best to
help the Government ride
out the present economic
crisis.

Mr Botha could only
offer one ray of hope to
the gathered officials —
the possibility of im-
proved housing aid.

He called on the media
to stop trying to “knock”
the public service and
instead to emphasise its
good side and the many
hours of overtime worked
by loyal officials.

Mr Botha said that at
present higher demands
than ever before were be-
ing made from Govern-
ment workers, ranging
from the total Marxist on-
slaught to economic prob-
lems.

He emphasised, that
much had been done by
the State to improve the
lot of public servants, in-
cluding the expenditure
of R1,545-million on ex-
tra pay rises in the past
two years plus R337-mi-

49

lion in the same period on
special rises for career-
differentiated bases.

Inaddition, there was:
© The pay out of R25-
million in bursaries since
1956;

The fact that nearly
5.000 apprentice techni-
cians had qualified at
State cost since 1961;

The fact that nearly
500 officials were study-
ing at Government cost
for national diplomas,
while about 600 had
achieved departmental
academic qualifications in
legal subjects.

In addition, said Mr
Botha, the State had con-
tributed R35-million a
year to the medical aid
scheme of public  ser-
vants, while contributions
to the pension fund total-
Jed R374-million.

The State had to
achieve a delicate balance
between its resources and
the demands made on it,
he said.

For this reason the loy-
alty and dedication of the
public service corps over
the years was appre-
ciated, he said.

And the position was
becoming ever more diffi-
cult, making even greater

SOUTH AFRICA



We are making clear the fact that farmers are front line soldiers in our
struggle to develop agriculture in the country and finally self-sufficiency
in food, But it is true that the responsibility for bringing about a
revolution in agriculture does not concern the farmers alone but various
people and agencies under the control and supervision of the Ministry of
Agriculture. We are depending on these agencies to fulfill their responsi-
bilities correctly in order that the [balance of] payments of the nation
may be favorable.

In our plan to restore the economy, considerable stress must be placed on the
production of food. Good means of increasing food in our country are to
increase efforts in agriculture and in the theory of good farming. These
include cultivating large fields, using good agricultural implements and
supplies like fertilizer, insecticides and having a good system for harvesting
and storing crops.

Undoubtedly, in the programs which are being prepared by the ministry
considerations regarding the receipt by the farmers of good implements and
supplies, instruction in the use of these implements and supplies, training
in all methods of good farming and various means of improving their young
animals and producing food crops are among the important questions which will
be given the proper influence,

It is only then that the methods which are required for good farming will be
implemented, and everyone concerned fulfills his responsibilities thoroughly
that we will take satisfactory steps in the production of food and avoid

a food shortage. These are the incentives which face farmers throughout the
country and the Ministry of Agriculture and agencies under it.

cso: 3449/1

98



LIBERIA

FUND DRIVE LAUNCHED TO AID FIRST ARCHIVAL CENTER CONSTRUCTION

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 9 Sep 82 pp 1, 6

[Article by A. M. Kiawu]

[Excerpt]

cso:

A million dollar raffle
fund--drive, to aid in the
construction of Liberia's
first Archival Center, lo-
cated in Sinkor, suburban
Monrovia, has been launched.

Vice _ Head of State and
General Chairman of the Na-
tional Redemption Day Com-
Mission, Major General J.
Nicholas Podier, launching
the drive Wednesday in-a
nationwide broadcast said,
in order to educate the peo-
ple, priority should be
placed on the invaluable
richness of the Country's
cultural heritage and his-
tory.

The Vice Head of State
emphasized that it is
through the full apprecia-
tion of the country's his-
tory that  Liberians can
understand the events of the
past and present,in order to
look torward to a productive
future.

General Podier also took
the opportunity to appeal to
all citizens and foreign

4700/1967

23

residents, as well as Libe-
xria's traditional friends,
to assist the PRC to speed-
up the construction of the
building.

"The primary objective of
the People's Redemption
Councjl Government is to
educate our people and in so
doing, to ‘simultaneously
focus on the invaluable
richness of our cultural
heritage and history," the
Vice Head of State noted.

He added that. Liberia is a
poor but fast developing
nation,

He said it is through the
undertaking of such develop-
ment project as the National
Archive Center, that will
enable friends of Liberia
come to the aid of the- coun-
try.

The Chairman called on all

citizens to collectively and
Andividually put _ together
their efforts in-assisting
the Government in making the

fund drive a success.



KENYA

BRIEFS

MAGAZINES BARRED--NAIROBI--Two British magazines, New African and Africa now,
both carrying articles on the August 1 coup attempt in Kenya have been barred
from sale in Kenya, their distributor said yesterday. Kenyan police ordered
copies of the two publications held at Nairobi's Kenyatta international air-
port three weeks ago, saying a final decision would be made later, said an
official of the Nation Newspapers, which handles local sales of the magazines.
Africa Now's article maintained that three separate conspiracies had been under
way to topple President Daniel Arap Moi and that high-level officials, includ-
ing two Cabinet Ministers, were behind them, not junior-ranked air force men
as has been officially stated. It was the second time the sale of a foreign
publication has been restricted since the disturbance. The August 16 issue of
Time Magazine was belatedly distributed after the two-page article on the abor-
tive coup was cut out. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Sep 82p 6]
P 6]

KENYA OIL SHUT-DOWN--NAIROBI--Kenya's only refinery, which provides petroleum
products for neighbouring Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and parts of Zaire, shut
down after running out of crude oil, its general manager said yesterday. Mr
G J Luijk told The Daily Nation newspaper the East African refinery, located \
in the Indian Ocean port of Mombasa, closed on Wednesday. The first time it
has ceased operation since opening in 1963. It had been producing about 10 000
tons of petrol a day. Earlier, Western diplomatic sources said Kenya had
suspended shipments of diesel fuel to Rwanda and Burundi because of a short-
fall in diesel stocks for domestic use. The Daily Nation quoted unidentified
sources as saying that oil distributors had sufficient stocks to carry them
through the refinery ‘shutdown. But some petrol stations in Nairobi and Mom-
basa have already closed. Diplomatic sources said the shortage had resulted
mainly from the Kenyan Central Bank's cutback in approving licenses to oil-
importing companies to use foreign exchange to buy foreign oil. Kenya has no
oil resources of her own. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Sep
82 p 9]

CsO: 3400/4

19



cso:

itself again, although
now, says Mr Gibbs,
farmers’ morale is lower
because they feel the
government doesn’t care
about them.

Security precautions
and seeing they stay
alive are now uppermost
in the minds of farmers,
not only in the Nya-
mandhlovu area but
throughout the prov-
ince.

They have good rea-
son to be vigilant. Since
April the onslaught
against farmers has in-
cluded:
© Filabusi rancher Ha-
rold Hilton-Barber
gunned down as he went
to pay his workers.
© Farm’ manager Tom
Sutton shot dead, Esigo-
dini (formerly Essex-
vale) area.
© Nyamandhlovu
farmer David Stirling

* shot dead by a lone gun-

man on the way back to
his house after a hunting
trip.

© Rancher Phillip Ell-
man-Brown executed by
dissidents at his home-
stead in Lupane area.

@ University lecturer Dr
Peter Gradwell and his

niece Donna Clark,
murdered at a cattle dip
on a farm in Plumtree
area, close to the Bo-
tswana border.
@ Mrs Alida Maconi,
mother-in-law of a
Plumtree farmer, killed
in an ambush.

The province’s farm-
ers, already hard-hit by

4700/1982

102

what some say is the
worst drought in living
memory, are now bring-
ing out of mothballs the
weapons and security
systems they used be-
fore.

At a meeting of about
150 farmers with Agri-
culture Minister Mr
Denis Norman at Ma-
rula recently, the farm-
ers pulled no punches.

In the wake of the
continued detention of
Figtree farming brothers
Noel and Alan York
(who were later released
on ‘thumanitarian
grounds’’) farmers
asked the minister
frankly if the govern-
ment really wanted

“whites on the land.

But Tim Gibbs and
other Matabeleland
farmers believe the
problem will never end
until Mr Mugabe gets
around a table for frank
discussion with the Zapu
leadership, whose disil-
lusioned former gueril-
las are believed to be
guilty of most of the vio-
lence.

Another farmer says
that government forces,
deployed in the hunt for
dissidents, in ‘particular
for those who kidnap-
ped six foreign tourists
on July 23, are “building
up a vast fund of ill-feel-
ing and bitterness
among the blacks with
their non-discipline and
brutality”.


MALAWI

BRIEFS

LIVULEZI BRIDGE--A NEW bridge is being built on the Salima-Blantyre railway
line near Golomoti on a deviation across the Livulezi River to replace the
old bridge which was badly damaged by floods last March. Construction work on
the new bridge, which begun four weeks ago, is expected to be completed by the
end of next month, a Malawi Railways spokesman said this week. Earthworks for
the new deviation are in hand and proceeding satisfactorily. In addition,

two secondary bridges--one 5.4 metres and the other 10 metres long--are being
built on the new deviation, he said. Since the bridge collapsed, traffic on
the line has been using a temporary diversion and bridge about 300 metres up-
stream of the old bridge. The new bridge is being built about 350 metres up-
stream of the old bridge, which was built in the early 40s. Drilling tests
in May showed that the site of the old bridge was unsuitable for pier building
without heavy expenditure. Officials said that it was not yet known what the
total cost of the bridge would be. [Text] [Blantyre MALAWI NEWS in English
11-17 Sep 82 p 1]

cso: 3400/3

31



SOUTH AFRICA

SCHLEBUSCH FAVORS 'MORE EQUITABLE SOCIETY’
MB281359 Johannesburg International Service in English 1100 GMT 28 Sep 82

{Text] The state vice president of South Africa, Mr Alywyn Schlebusch,

says the envisaged new constitutional dispensation in South Africa heralds
the beginning of a new era of successes in the country. Opening the 1982
congress of the World Council of Young Men's Service Clubs in Cape Town
today, Mr Schlebusch emphasized that the various minority groups which made
up the South African nation had had to make do with the "winners-take-all"
principle of the present Westminster system of government for far too long.

South Africa had tried in vain for a long period to reconcile the conflicting
demands of its population groups, through a constitutional system which would
allow the devergent wishes and aspirations of the minorities sharing the
same country to be fulfilled. Such a constitution would allow the various
groups to maintain their individual identities with enough leeway so that
matters of mutual concern could be decided jointly as equals.

The South African state vice president indicated that the time was right to
move boldly away from the Westminster form of government to bring about a more
equitable society. Mr Schlebusch said progress on the path of reform would
be influenced by the success of the government in convincing the electorate
on the desirability of change.

More than 1,200 delegates from Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, Europe,
the Far East and several African countries are attending the service clubs'
conference in Cape Town. The purpose of the conference, opened by

Mr Schlebusch, is to encourage contacts and the communication of ideas and
views among different countries and to promote South Africa to the visitors
at the meeting.

cso: 3400/27

55



ophy and the view of the responsibilities of
society, particularly the authorities, in the
provision of sport;
@ The findings regarding the inadequate way
in which sport in South Africa was organised
overall and the recommendation arising from
this that a structure be created for the co-
ordinated provision of sport by the formation
of an SA Sports Council, including the propos-
als for its composition, powers and functions,
and
@ The way in which the activities of the coun-
cil should, according to the report, be fi-
nanced from Government and other sources.
The investigation, Dr Viljoen said, revealed
clearly that the administration of sport was
hampered by the adverse effects of a badly

fragmented overall management structure.

Apparently the effectiveness of the provi-
sion of sport could be greatly improved by a
better co-ordinating mechanism.

“When the proposed structure of the Sports
Council is considered, however, thorough con-
sideration will have to be given to the objec-
tives, composition and powers of such a
council.

“Furthermore, the recommendations con-
cerning the advantages and necessity of the
continued existence of certain national sport-
ing bodies in addition to the proposed Sports
Council with its strong overall coordinating
functions, will have to be carefully consid-
ered.”

The Men Behind the Study

THE Human Sciences Re-
search Council’s investiga-
tion into sport started offi-
cially on January 1, 1980
with a 26-man committee.
Two of the members —
cricket chiefs Jack
Cheetham and Rashid Var-
achia — died during the
course of the investigation.

‘The study, which was pub-
lished yesterday, was un-
dertaken in response to a
request by the then Minis-
ter of National Education,
Mr Punt Janson, following
discussions with the ad-
ministrators of national
sports controlling bodies in
October 1979.

In December 1979 Prof G JL
Scholtz of the department
of physical education at
Potchefstroom University

cause of his “proven track
record” in research and
sport.

Others who sérved on the
main committee included
Mr A J Arendse, director
of education, Department
of Coloured Affairs, Mr B
J Keet, sport promotion,
Department of National
Education, Prof H I Nel,
professor of physical edu-
cation, Stellenbosch Uni-
versity, Prof P_A Nel, Di-
rector, Bureau of Market
Research, UNISA, Prof C
F Nieuwoudt, dean of eco-
nomic and political sci-
ences, University of Pre-
toria and chairman of the
SA Amateur Athletics
Union, Mr R W J Opper-
man, president SA Olym-
pic and National Games

lege of Education, Soshan-
guve, Mr G A L Thabe,
president, Football Council
of SA, and Prof J C van der
Walt, professor of private
law, Rand Afrikaans
University. ,

Sexteen sub-committees
were formed, the help of
contract and voluntary re-
searchers was enlisted,
and a national sports reg-
ister was drawn up for the
first time.

More than 100 sports and re-
creational activities were
investigated.

The main report and 15 of the
19 sub-reports were pre-
sented to the Minister of
National Education, Dr
Gerrit Viljoen, on June 3
this year. The rest of the

was invited to act as direc-
tor of the investigation be-

Guidelines to 'A New Sports Era'

A COMPREHENSIVE, in-
depth investigation should be
launched to assess critically
all discriminatory legislation
and to make recommenda-
tions concerning the elimina-
tion of unjustifiable discrimi-
nation in sport, the Human
Sciences Research Council
recommends in its report on
sport.

When he presented the
HSRC’s main committee re-
port on sport to the Minister
of National Education, Dr
Gerrit Viljoen, yesterday, the
President of the HSRC, Dr J
G Garbers, said he hoped the
investigation and the recom-
mendations would provide
the necessary basis for future
decision-making on matters

Association and SA Sports
Federation, Mr M E Ra-
magoshi, Transvaal Col-

73

reports were completed
and presented to Dr Vil-
Joen in Pretoria yesterday.

relating to sport.

\ In recommending a com-

prehensive and in-depth in-
vestigation into discrimina-
tion in sport, the report says
the investigation should be of
an interdisciplinary nature.

“The statutory nature of
discrimination, however,
does require that there be a
strong jurisprudential focus.”
After considering all the find-
ings, the committee says it
‘became clear that consider-
ation would have to be given
to the desirability of the
amalgamation or fusion of
certain macro (umbrella)
sport structures, on a basis
where functions and avail-
able scarce resources would
be effectively rationalised



MADAGASCAR

MONIMA BEGINS ELECTION MANEUVERING
MONIMA To Support Ratsiraka
Tananarive MADAGASCAR-MATIN in French 7 Sep 82 p 2

[Text] The revolutionary group VS MONIMA [Vondrona Sosialista MONIMA (National
Movement for the Independence of Madagascar)] will support President Didier
Ratsiraka in the coming presidential elections. The decision was made at the
close of a three-day meeting of the Central Committee, which took place in
the faritany [higher administrative unit] of Toliara. The meeting was pre-
sided over by its three national secretaries, including Tsihozony Maharanga,
technical adviser to the primacy, Razafindrabe Andre, permanent commissioner
on the Supreme Revolutionary Council (CSR), and Tovonaiko Arnaud. VSM leaders
then emphasized that assuming leadership of the country depends less on a
person than on an ideology. The Malagasy people want a new structure to build
real socialism. The socialist fokonolona [peasant union] recommended by the
Red Book was set up in 1975 and the MONIMA supported it. However, doing all
the Red Book says is impossible in 7 years and consequently, an extension is
needed. In addition to discussions of presidential elections, VSM members
also studied a number of national affairs, particularly in the economic and
social fields.

National Seminar

In Antananarivo yesterday morning, the VS MONIMA began its national seminar,
attended by a number of prominent members of the FNDR [National Front for the
Defense of the Revolution], elected officials from fivondronana [villages] in
the capital and diplomatic officials residing in Madagascar. In his opening
address, CSR member Remanindry Jaona, national secretary of the VS MONIMA,
presented his party's views, condemning the maneuvers of the enemies of the
revolution, particularly the enemies of the VS MONIMA. There are disagreements,
within the FNDR, he said, but for the VS MONIMA, only national unity counts.
The VS MONIMA is 5 years old and has opted for proletarian internationalism,
he said. It unconditionally supports the struggles of nations still under

the colonialist yoke, the ANC and the Saharan people. On the program are two
evening events with the ANC and Vietnam in Antananarivo, the showing of a
film on the struggle of the Vietnamese people and debates with comrades repre-
senting those two countries.

25



REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT--Mr Eli Louw, deputy minister of finance, says
the unequal distribution of economic development in South Africa poses a
serious threat to the country. Addressing the Klerksdorp Chamber of Commerce
he said that 85 percent of industrial activity takes place in only four
regions while in extensive areas of the country, especially in the homelands,
there is a disturbing lack of development. There is thus a call for regional
economic development to provide the infrastructure necessary for viable local
government institutions. [Text] [MBO10712 Johannesburg Domestic Service

in Afrikaans 0600 GMT 1 Oct 82]

MARITIME, NAVAL LINKS--Vice Admiral Putter, chief of the navy, has announced
that practical steps will be taken soon to determine whether it is feasible
to bring about a closer relationship among those using the sea to make more
economical use of the country's scarce resources. Speaking on television,
Admiral Putter said that naval, merchant and fishing fleets, ocean research
bodies and harbor authorities could be involved in the proposed integration.
He also anticipated a continued close relationship between the navy and
maritime air component of the air force. He said the two have already
developed particular skills, including advances in the field of intelligence
gathering. Referring to the expansion of the Soviet fleet, Admiral Putter
said that the Soviet Union continues to outstrip Western navies in the
South Atlantic, and in the southern Indian Ocean, In addition, he said that
there are only slight indications that the West is giving higher priority

to strategic interests. [Text] [MB290947 Johannesburg Domestic Service

in Afrikaans 0600 GMT 29 Sep 82]

cso: 3401/2

91



early days of the Revolution, Health
workers deployed in the Literacy Cam-
paign, in mass media and in the va-
rious regions of the country have no
doubt done considerable work {0
spread health education and the rules
of hyg'ene. Of particular significance
in this field of endeavour is, of course,
the measure taken to train medical
and health personnel, especially dow
tors, on a massive scale, The Addis
Abaha Unisers'ty alone, which had
never been knoten to have graduated
more than an average of 20 doctors
per year, will ths year reach the stage
to graduate 120 doctors. The Addis
Ababa and Gondar medical schools to-
gether are expected to train an average
of 200 doctors per year from the 1976
E.C. onwards. Furthermore many

young people are annually sent abroad
for medical training. The results of
the train'ng programme which itself
is an achievemen; of the Revolution,
will no doubt contribute to the quali-
ta’ive and quant'tative growth of hea-
Uh services,”

a. ‘elopmeng in agriculture and in-
dustry and the implementation of
Projects in cuoperation with soc‘alist
countries is in progress. The New
Muger Cement Factory is now abuild-
ing. The feasibility study of the Melka-
wakanna hydroelectric scheme and
the expansion and modernization of
the existing mining industry are am-
ong the activities now underway,
These projects are naturally basic pre-
requisits for a rapid economic develop-
ment,

Much effort is being exerted to
complete the work of the construction,
of the textile factory at Kombolch
and the cooking-oil factory a: Bahr
Dar which, of course, are essential to
mee; the needs of the working people.
The commissioning of these two fac-

tories will, it is believed, go a long
way to alleviate the textile and oil
needs of the working people.
Comrades, :

. I have repeatedly pointed out that
despite the effort we have made in
the realization of both the short and
long term objectives of our economy,
still more struggle and sacrifice is
demanded to extricate our country
from the grips of underdevelopment,

Economie development calls for a
change of the technological basis of
our agriculture, the expansion of so-
cialist industry based on the combi-
nation of surplus agricultural product

-and labour and the expansion of eco-

nomic and social services necessary
for the growth of these productive
sectors,

In order to step up the productivity
of our human and material resources
and attain a higher level of economic
development, one has to be in pos-
session of improved means of produc-
tion and technological in-puts.

The rate of our economic develop-
ment is gauged by our ability to possess
modern technological products which
are invariably imported frem rich in-
dustrial — economies.

dt should therefore be carefully not-
ed that when we speak of boosting
Productivity by utilizing modern tech-
nological in-puts, we mean the inc-
rease of the volume of our export to
the world market.

I should like, at this juncture, to
mention the reality of the world mar-
ket of commodities and manufactured
goods. Two opposing trends, i.e. the
spirelling of the price of industrial
goods and the plummeting of that
of commodities (except oil) is known
to everybody.

In our own case, for instance, we
are going to pay 250 million Birr for



and the interests of those con-
cerned would be met.

This led to the key
recommendation:

@ that an autonomous statu-
tory South African Sports
Council be established;

@ that the following institu-
tions be given the option of
being: taken up in the pro-
posed sports council on the
understanding that the inter-
ests of the employees con-
cerned would not be preju-
diced: the SA Sports
Federation, the SA Trimsa
Federation, the RSA Sports
Trust, the SA Council on
Sport, the Directorate: Sport
Promotion of the Depart-
ment of National Education
(partially to principally), and
the Sport and Recreation
devision of the Department
of Co-operation and
Development.

The committee also rec-
ommends that:

@ The SA Olympic and
National Games Association
remain in existence and be
enabled to carry out its fune-
tions effectively;

@the SA Association for
Physical Education and Re-

creation remain in existence
and be enabled to carry out
its functions effectively;

@ all representative national
sports controlling bodies be
invited to affiliate with the
proposed SA Sports Council.

If these recommendations
were to be implemented, the
report says, a new era would
dawn in the important contri-
bution of the Sport Founda-
tion of Southern Africa to the
provision of sport.

“There was complete
agreement that this institu-
tion, financed by the Rem-
brandt Group of companies,
should remain in existence in
the interests of sport in the
Republic.

“Consultations will have to
be held with these companies
in the hope that sports ser-
vices of this nature will be
able to be expanded in the
future.

“The need for other large
business undertakings to par-
ticipate in this important en-
trepreneurial activity, was
also expressed,” the report
says.

A number of key findings
indicate inadequate sports

provision by macro sports
bodies, the report continues.

“It was also found that the
rationalisation of scarce re-
sources was essential. It
shouldabe noted that sports
management in the Republic,
from macro to club level,
mainly depends on the input
of individuals who are in-
volved on a voluntary; un-
paid, part-time basis usually
in their own free time and out
of a love of sport.”

The key finding of the

“HSRC Sports Investigation

points to an ineffective ma-
cro structure for the provi-
sion of sport.

In 11 of the 17 sub-reports
it was found that the existing
pressure ateas can largely be
attributed to fragmented and
ineffective macro provision
and this, the report says,
points to the necessity for a
new and effective structure
for such provision.

The main causes of ineffec-
tive macro sports provision
were: inadequate means,
mentation in sports pro-
on, overlapping and
clashing of functions, and di-
visiveness and conflict be-
tween sports institutions. —

"Forced Separation Must be Abolished’

THE ordinances in terms of
which Administrators are
empowered to compel local
authorities to reserve separ-
ate sports facilities should be
repealed, says the HSRC
report.

‘he HSRC says the power
at local level to make sports
facilities available should be
depoliticised as far as
possible.

“This implies that the
making available of facilities
should be dealt with through
normal channels for the pro-
vision of local services rather
than through political deci-
sion-making processes.”

The making available of
local sports facilities, the re-
\port says, lies within the
‘scope of the normal activities
of a local authority.

“The autonomy of the local
authority in this regard
should be respected. Any
form of compulsion in the de-
cision-making process is an
unjustified interference in

74

the autonomy of a local au-
thority. In the Free State this
type of ordinance does not
exist. This indicates that such
ordinances are not necessary
(in the Cape Province, Natal
and the Transvaal).”

The committee also rec-
ommends that the autonomy
‘of each local authority in re-
spect of the decision to pro-
vide facilities for either open
or separate use be
recognised
|. It.recommends that when
formulating guidelines, vest-
ed interests, availability of
facilities and provision of at-
tendant professional supervi-
sion, be taken into account.
The basic aim should be to
ensure an orderly and posi-
tive use of facilities.

The implementation of
these guidelines, the report
says, can have considerable
implications for a local
authority.



cso:

4700/1978

Tights for workers from
independent homelands
and the housing crisis.

The issue of deten-
tion of trade unionists
is raised by the com-
mittee and the Gar-
ment Workers’ Union
which call for de-
tainees to be charged
or released.

The detention issue
could be an area of
controversy at the con-
ference. The withdra-
wal of the two commer-
cial unions was- largely
sparked by the federa-
tion’s stance which was
felt.-to be too passive
by some unionists in
Tuesa.

The Textile Workers’
Industrial Union in one
resolution calls for the
removal of the
coloured labour
preference controls in
the Cape while . the
Garment Workers’
Union is critical of the
Proposed Orderly
Movement of Set-
tlement of Black Per-
sons Bill.

The national execu-
tive committee in its
report notes correspon-
dence on several press.
ing issues such as pen-
sions, unemployment
insurance and the In-
ternational Labour Or-
ganisation, =

80



CHAD

BRIEFS

RESUMPTION OF FOOD DISTRIBUTION-~After some waiting, the people of Ndjamena
will receive food made available by the Commissioner to Natural Disasters
starting Wednesday 8 September 1982. Food distributions were suspended when
irregularities were observed during previous operations. The increasing
number of repatriates and the inclusion of civil servants in the neighbor-
hoods distorted the initial census by district. Working sessions attended
by neighborhood and block leaders, district officials and their staffs (in
charge of distribution) have made it possible to set up a new distribution
method including all state agents. As a result, the civil servants who
used to receive food at work will now be taken care of by the districts
where they live. By correcting the irregularities which interfered with
food distributions, the Commissioner to Natural Disasters hopes that the
people's public-spiritedness and patriotism will prevail and that the orders
given will be obeyed for the benefit of all. (CHADIAN PRESS AGENCY) [Text]
INdjamena INFO TCHAD in French 7 Sep 82 p 10] 9294

CsO: 4719/1412


BRIGADES PLAN--BULAWAYO--It is "almost certain" that several ministries will
be playing a part in the building-brigades project, the Minister of State in
the Prime Minister's Office (national co-ordination), Cde Tarisai Ziyambi,

said yesterday. In an interview, Cde Ziyambi said if there was any overlapping
in the programme, the different ministries would co-ordinate their operations
to ensure that the project was successful. The building-brigades programme
would be administered overall by the Ministry of Housing and Local Government.
Cde Ziyambi's task was to see that projects did not overlap. [Text] [Harare
THE HERALD in English 7 Sep 82 p 3]

ROW OVER SQUATTERS--BULAWAYO--GOVERNMENT policy is that anyone who squatted
on Government or private land after July 1981 would not be tolerated, the
Minister of Lands, Resettlement and Rural Development, Cde Moven Mahachi, said
last night. But squatters were not criminals and cases had to be treated on
their merits. Cde Mahachi was speaking after an apparent conflict between
his deputy, Cde Mark Dube, and the Minister of Construction, Cde Callistus
Ndlovu, over whether Cde Mahachi had agreed to allow squatters to stay on two
Government farms near Bulawayo. On Monday, Cde Dube ordered the squatters to
leave, Cde Ndlovu had earlier told them they could stay. Cde Mahachi said he
had agreed with Cde Ndlovu that genuine cases should be treated on their merits
and that cattle must be allowed to stay on the farms because of the drought.
He had also agreed that Cde Ndlovu and Cde Dube should visit the squatters to-
gether to find a solution to the problem. But, he said, it appeared that the
conflict had arisen because Cde Ndlovu hd gone on his own to address the
squattesr. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 16 Sep 82 p 1]

BUILDING BRIGADES--THE registration of workers for building brigades ended
yesterday, with more people registering during the last two days than since the
exercise officially began early this month. Registration officers at the
Ministry of Housing's Fourth Street branch in Harare, said: "Some employed
workers are also registering because they are afraid their employers’ contracts
may expire so they want to be on our records. By Thursday last week we had
registered 1 600 people in Harare of which 223 had National Industrial Council
certificates," one of the officers said. They said they were getting more
semi-skilled and unskilled people than skilled. The ministry wanted carpen-
ters, joiners, welders, drivers, machine operators, mechanics, accountants,
clerks, plumbers, electricians, technicians, bricklayers and painters to reg-
ister. "The response has been very encouraging," the officers said. [Text]
{Harare THE HERALD in English 15 Sep 82 p 3]

COTTON DEPOT--A NEW Cotton Marketing Board satellite depot, due to become
operational at Birchenough Bridge by March next year, will be able to handle
between 50 000 kg and 70 000 kg of seed cotton a day for onward delivery to
the Mutare ginnery. The depot, which would be manned by 45 people during
the peak cotton intake season, would serve farmers in the Buhera, Chipinge,
Mabvazuwa and Bikita districts. A CMB spokesman yesterday said large-scale
commercial growers and Middle Sabi farmers would continue to send their seed
cottong direct to Mutare and the CMB would pay the cost differential between
Birchenough Bridge and Mutare. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 16 Sep 82
P 3]

cso: 3400/2 END

108



What's Changed?--Azapo

“But black consciousness is
still popular among the
masses and appeals to
them in factories, on the
mines and even in the rural
areas.” ’

Azapo is the premier politi-
cal vehicle of black con-
sciousness, but, partly to
avoid surveillance of its
members, it does not keep
a register of members.

“We consider dedication and
contribution to the cause
more important,” Mr Mak-
habela said.

Unlike the outlawed ANC,
Azapo restricts member-
ship to blacks.

“It is ANC policy to win over
some elements within the
enemy camp, but while
that may sound like a noble
pursuit it involves a price
which is too high to pay in
the black man’s struggle.

“Serious divisions came to
the ANC after it adopted
the Freedom Charter,
which basically made pro-
vision for blacks and
whites to work together to

cso: 4700/1978

78

end oppression and
exploitation.”

BLACK consciousness re-
mains vital to the black
man’s struggle for liber-
ation, Mr Ishmael Makha-
bela, publicity secretary of
the Azanian People’s Or-
ganisation (Azapo), said
yesterday.

“I ask what has changed
since then,” he said in an
interview on the eve of the
fifth anniversary of Steve
Biko’s death.

“The political, economic and
social climate remains the
same. Blacks are still ex-
cluded from power and are
still exploited. The ‘situa-
tion responsible for the
rise of black consciousness
still holds.

“Judging from exposure in
the media, and the sensa-
tion that goes with it, there
are certain elements who
would like to believe black
consciousness is losing out
and even dead. .



Addressing the annual
conference of the Public
Services Association in
Harare, the minister said
that this was because they
were an integral part of
the decision - making
machinery of the Govern-
ment,

He safd in colonial times
the white civil servants
were the only “real” civil
servants because they
were the only ones allowed
to help formulate govern-
ment policy.

Black civil servants had
no part in shaping state
policy and “consequently,
they felt the need to
strike because they were
always confronted with
policies affecting them and
the public at large in a
most unacceptable man-
ner”.

Civil servants played a
crucial role and this had
to bé recognised when
considering restrictions on
strike action, the minister

said.

“All the ideas and facts
from the people below are
collected and interpreted

by civil servants who then
pass them on to their
respective ministers, who
in turn pass them on to
Cabinet and Parliament.

“Civil servants also ex-
clusively retain the role of
implementing the result-
ing decisions and policies
of Government.”

The minister said the
Government was extend-
ing to civil servants an
unlimited right to trade
unionism as an additional
mechanism with which
they could communicate
with their employers.

Referring to the pro-
posed National Joint
Council, the minister said
its formation would meet.
an urgent need for each
segment of the civil ser-
vice to know and appre-
clate each other's aspir-
ations and also under-
stang their problems.

Cde Kangai said he
remained opposed to over-
time compensation for
civil servants because the
service was paid almost
entirely from direct tax-
ation.

Rising Costs a Worry to PSA

THE inability of wages and salaries
to meet the rise in the cost of living
was a problem facing the Public Ser-
vices’ Association, the outgoing presi-
dent of the association, Mr Malcolm
Pratt, said yesterday.

“We recognise’ the policy to narrow
the wages gap as one which will create
a system not of equality but of egall-
tarlanism. However, rewards must be
related to productivity and we reiterate
the need for a system of comparability
if the service is to retain the skills
which it spends so much money on in
training.”

Mr Pratt said civil servants in rural
areas had problems in obtaining ac-
commodation, and the association in-
tended to pursue the idea of creating
a revolving fund to provide the neces-
sary accommodation.

cso: 3400/2

104


SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

SECRET LEFTWING SOCIETY--AN underground Leftwing movement at Stellenbosch
University--with one of its aims the release of political prisoners--is grow-
ing in strength. The latest edition of the university's official student
newspaper, "Die Matie', reports that the organisation Zet was formed at Afri-
kanerdom's prestigious university in 1981. To avoid detection, its leaders
never gather in one place at the same time, and the organisation has a "cell"
structure so that most of its 250 members are not aware of each other's iden-
tities. A Zet member gave the newspaper details of the organisation after
forged pamphlets were allegedly circulated to discredit it. The member told
the newspaper that Zet's policy was in line with the black consciousness ide-
ology espoused by the late Steve Biko; it rejected apartheid and National Party
policy, the use of force and the Progressive Federal Party, which it saw as
"too conservative". The organisation favours full democratic rights for all
races and the release of political prisoners, and apparently has had contact
with the Azanian Students' Organisation (Azaso) and the National Union of South
African Students (Nusas). The organisation last year printed pamphlets to
commemorate the death of Steve Biko--but before 100 had been distributed the
rest were confiscated by Stellenbosch Security Police. "The police also vis-
isted several people at home and took others in for two to four hours’ ques—
tioning." The Police Division of Public Relations has been asked to confirm
that Zet members have already been questioned, and a reply is expected shortly.
[Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 10 Sep 82 p 1]

POLICE ASSAULT--TWO members of the Security Branch pleaded not guilty in the
Durban Magistrate's Court on Tuesday to a charge of assaulting the 19-year-old
chairman of the Durban branch of the Azanian People's Organisation. Detective
Warrant Officer Patrick Jacobs (25) and Detective Sergeant Mohum Gopal (29)
are alleged to have assaulted Mr Bradley Potgieter by slapping, punching and
kicking him and banging him with a door in an office at C R Swart Square on
the evening of March 19. Mr Potgieter testified that on the night of March
19 he was interrogated by Detective Sergeant Gopal. Mr Potgeiter said he
seemed to misunderstand one of the questions and Detective Sergeant Gopal
slapped his face. The Sergeant ordered him to crouch in a corner of a room
and taunted him by calling him a "pipsqueak". Mr Potgieter said he was sworn
at. When he could no longer crouch he stood up. This seemed to annoy Detec-
tive Sergeant Gopal who slapped Mr Potgieter's face and kicked his legs, he
said. Mr Potgieter added that he got the impression that the assault was

to intimidate him and warn him to stay out of politics. Mr Potgieter said

89



SOUTH AFRICA

REACTION TO COURT DECISION ON INGWAVUMA REPORTED
MBO10854 Johanessburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 1 Oct 82 p 1
[Article by Patrick Laurence, political editor]

[Text] There was jubilation yesterday when Pretoria's plans to take over
control of Ingwavuma from Kwazulu as a prelude to giving it to Swaziland
were put on ice.

This followed yesterday's appeal court decision declaring a proclamation
providing for the takeover null and void.

A jubilant chief Catsha Buthelezi, who as chief minister of Kwazulu led the
struggle to halt the transfer, said: "It is a vindication of the need for
black people to exhaust all avenues of nonviolent resistance."

His lieutenant on the RAND, Mr Gibson Thula, said: "We are thrilled at the
judgment. God has partly answered the prayers of millions of blacks.”

The appeal court decision by five judges rested on two key legal pillars:

--The right of Kwazulu to seek legal relief against the state, in contradiction
of Pretoria's contention that as an organ of the state Kwazulu is not
competent to seek redress against the state.

--the failure of the state president to consult with the Kwazulu government
as required under the national states constitution act of 1971.

Chief Buthelezi, whose Inkatha movement played a key role in mobilising
opposition to the cession of land to Swaziland, added: "It is a triumph for
Inkatha. I hope the South African Government will think twice before pushing
ahead to give away any South African land."

In its official response yesterday the South African Government said it
accepted the appeal court judgment and would study the grounds on which
the decision was based before taking further action on Ingwavuma—-but left
the door open for the transfer of Kangwane to Swaziland.

57



One prominent Cape Town academic said to have submitted a 40-page report on
Dr De Crespigny, detailing his meetings with known British intelligence agents
and claiming that he had been recruited by British intelligence because of
alleged links with the banned ANC and the banned congress of democrats.

Last Wednesday Scotland Yard's anti-terrorist branch disclosed that three men
were arrested the previous week in connection with the burglaries at the ANC,
PAC and SWAPO offices on London.

The break into the SWAPO offices took place last month, while in March a bomb
blast destroyed much of the London office of the ANC.

According to a reliable source, many documents were copied by the "free-lance"
intelligence agents before the explosion,

The documents were later sold it is claimed, to South African agents.

The membership list was among these documents.

When the documents were received in South Africa, the security branch of the
SAP had already received reports from former colleagues of Dr De Crespigny
at the University of Cape Town about regular meetings he had with British
agents in Cape Town.

These dated from the time he returned to South Africa in 1974,

The last time Dr De Crespigny was questioned by the NIS agents was on July 28--
six days before his sudden departure.

On this occasion he was, it is believed, asked about other names on the ANC
membership list to see what his reaction would be.

Doctor De Crespigny apparently told the NIS officers that he had known the
people he was asked about in the 1960's when he was studying in Britain but
that he was no longer in touch with them.

Then, six days later, apparently without saying anything to his family or
friends, he suddenly left South Africa for London.

cSO: 3400/27

53



not only officially pledged that ié
would not be the first country to use
nuclear toeapons but also its good-will
to limit the production of nuclear wea.
Pons both qualitatively and quantita-
tively. This is a clear evidence of the
fact that the socialist camp earnestly
stands for peace.

Peace is today the most vital issue
; for which the peoples of the entire
' world raise their voice in unison with

the Soviet Union in their forefront,
The problems that prevail in any part
of the world today are indirectly con-
nected with the issue of peace. The
struggle waged today for national libe
ration, for a just international econo-
mic order, for democracy and social
Progress cannot be considered apart
from the struggle for peace. In gener-
al, all the struggles to abolish anti-
people practices like oppression, “fas.
cism and so on are closely linked with
the struggle for the prevalence of dé&
tente, for the reduction of arms and
for social progress.

The couse of war, suffering ond
misery for the people, is nothing but
the frantic endeavour made by the
ruling classes to maintain their poli-
tical and economic supremacy eten
nally. Nevertheless, the elimination of
exploiting classes and the abolition of
war is on inevitable outcome of the
historical process and no force what.
ever can avert it.

— Workers of Ethiopia!

Though the advancement of our re
volution ts largely determined by the
internal situation prevailing in our
country and particulucly by ony ov:
efforts, it is well known that siluations

15

in our neighbourhood and the inter-
national situation in general hove
their influences as well, Hence, the
demand for the preservation and main-
tenanen of peace, which at present holds
the highest position in the agenda of
the entire pesples of the world, is our
demand, too. The demand for the at-
tainment of economic justice, which
again has a prominent place among
the demands of the entire peoples of
the world, is our demand, too. We,
Ethiopians attach very great import-
Gnce to such issue and.all other issue-
es that are related to them. Particul-
arly, in view of the antagonism with
which impeiralists view this part of
the world in which our country is
found, our conviction arises out of our
grave concern sbout the danger that
hovers in the region. The reason why
imperialists attach great significance to
the region is not a secret. On the one
hand, it is located in Africa, where
they get the minerals that they need
for thetr industries in general and for
the production of arms in particu‘ar.
On the otherhand it has close proxi-
mity with the Persian Gulf where they
get fuel. Moreover, it boarders the Red
Sea through which they transport the
raw materials they have looted and
the processed goods which they hava
manufactured for sale overseas,

Thus, since they have a strong de-
stre to prevent revolutionary move-
ments in the region, their positive re
sponse to any reactionary call is spon-
taneous. As a result US imperialism,
at the open invitation of the recotion-
ary Mogedisho government, hes not
only set up its military bases at our
door-steps, but has also provided thas
reactionary government with enormous



"since I know I have the ability and capacity to serve in any position," he
said. Chief Ojukwu said that he had not made up his mind on which party to
join and that his desire to serve the people did not mean that he intends
to stand in anybody's way. On his relationship with Dr Nnamdi Azikwe, he
said "I have personally stated that I am too small to have a quarrel with
the Owelle of Onitsha," adding that Dr Azikwe was a "relation and a father
to us all but that did not mean I agree with all that he does." [Text]
[AB210830 Lagos NAN in English 0740 GMT 21 Sep 82]

CsO: 3400/16

44



SOMALIA

BRIEFS

CLASHES WITH 'ABYSSINIANS'--On 22 July and 12 September respectively the
Sidama Liberation Front Forces, who are engaged in a struggle to liberate

the Sidamo region, launched bitter attacks on Mengistu's desperate forces

at (Banta), (Warta) and (Sakorta), killing 43 Abyssinian soldiers and wounding
many others. The Sidama Liberation Front fighters killed four senior officers
and captured one [words indistinct]. The Abyssinians, unable to counter

the attacks, fled, leaving behind 20 assorted rifles. The fighting is still
going on, however, and it is apparent that the Sidama Liberation Front Forces
have the upper hand. [Text] [EA031832 (Clandestine) Voice of Western Somali
and Abo Liberation Fronts in Somali to Western Somalia 0930 GMT 3 Oct 82]

BATTLE VICTORY--It is reported that the Western Somali Liberation Front [WSLF]
forces killed 35 of Mengistu's desperate soldiers between [name indistinct]
and (Kudrayl), in the (Kebri Dehar) region on 24 September. During fierce
fighting WSLF fighters [word indistinct] forcing the enemy force to flee,
leaving behind 57 "AK" rifles, The report further adds that many enemy
soldiers were wounded and four high-ranking officers and one senior politician
were killed. The forces lost seven martyrs and (?nine) others were wounded.
[Text] [EA031828 (Clandestine) Voice of Western Somali and Abo Liberation
Fronts in Somali to Western Somali 0930 GMT 3 Oct 82]

CsO:. 3403/5

48



to freedom. We shall all meet in
ice once we have achieved our
freedom.”
Another key ideological difference

relates to the controversy over
whether race or class is the major
dynamic in the South African politi-
cal organisation.

The black consciousness move-
ment tends to emphasise race and
class. Its view is encapsulated in the
maxim: in South Atrica race deter-
mines class. Stripped to crude essen-
tials, that means the workers are
black and the bourgeois-capitalist
camp is white (apart from. “non-
white lackeys” who serve their white

masters).

‘The Charterists tend to emphasise
class at the expense of race and to
see capitalism rather than racism as
the main cause of exploitation and
oppression.

Taking an overview of black
movements operating outside the
framework of official structures, one
may conclude that the importance of
black consciousness has diminished
relatively in the past five years
(which is not to dismiss’ it as
peripheral).

Where it once controlled black
universities and high schools through
the banned South African Students’
Organisation (Saso) and the South Af-
rican Students’ Movement (SASM),
its ideological supremacy is now
challenged by Azaso and Cosas.

A major factor in the relative de-
cline of black consciousness has been
the resurgence of the ANC as a cen-
tral movement within South Africa,
both as an insurgent and a political

ce,

Its active role in South Africa — as
distinct from its earlier restricted
Position as an exiled movement lob-

ying for foreign support — is cen-
tral to the re-emergence of the Free-
dom Charter, with its commitment
tonon-racial demracy, as a source
of ideological inspiration.

Associated with the revival of the
ANC after the setback associated

with the Rivonia Trial and the im-
prisonment of Nelson Mandela was

ie “defection” to it of top men and
women in black consciousness ranks.

These switches of allegiance took
place in exile but are significant all
the same. Former black conscious-
ness leaders now serving in ANC
ranks include Barney Pityana, a
founding member of Saso, Ms Then-
Jiwe Mtintso, a confidant of Biko’s,
and Mr Thozamile Botha, of the Port
Elizabeth Black Community
Organisation.

e relative inactivity over the
same period — a part of internecine
strife within its own ranks — of the
Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC)
stands in sharp contrast.

The PAC, with its stress on Afri-
canism and race and its hostility to
the Freedom Charter, is ideological-
ly closer to black consciousness in its
original form than the ANC. Some
scholars even see it as the forerunner
to black consciousness,

An upsurge of the PAC might have
acted as a stimulus to black con-
sciousness and helped counter the
growth of Charterism.

In comparing the relative
strengths of black consciousness and
Charterism, one must be careful not
to draw distinctions that are too
sharp. There has been some ideologi-
cal interaction between the two.

There is debate in black conscious-
ness about whether or not to relax
total exclusion of whites. Mr Mood-
ley alluded to it when he wrote:
“Doubts appear to be creeping into
the thinking of.the Mwasa member-
ship about its own validity and
format.”

Against that the Charterists use
the clenched fist Black Power salute
and slogans popularised by black
consciousness. '

Thus although black consciousness
may have sacrificed its earlier domi-
nant position, it has been a vital fac-
tor in the transformation of black
politics over the past five years —
and will almost certainly remain so
for a long time to come.

@ Black man you are on your own.
— Black consciousness slogan when

Steve Biko was alive.

@ Black man you are still on

your

— Strini Moodley in 1982.

77



direct them into fulfilling ther historic
mission, that we can interprete this pars,
ticipation into ‘concrete terms and en-
sure the implementation of the political
supremacy of the working people.

Enongh cadres must be trained and
placed at key leadership and edmini-
strative posts tn order that the working
people, by virtue of thetr politteal sup-
remacy, could organize and manage
the economic and soctal life of the na-
tion and thereby estert the preeminen-
ce of the new order. The need to sect
re a party leadership is to ensure the
life and the steadv growth of the revo-
lution by fulfilling. the conditions
which I have outlined earlier.

The activities of COPWE (which
itself is the result of our bitter strug
gle) in the Inst two years have brought
closer to the day when our revolution
will finally be crowned with a solid
party leadership. As a result of the gre-
eter focus on organizational work espe
cially after the 3rd statutory session of
COPIVE, the net-working of COPWE
organizational units has now embraced
at least every major production, distri-
bution and service organization of the
country. COPWE units are established
tn all administrative regions to the
level of Awrajas,

The close link which ts thereby for
ged between the people and COPWE
has, more than ever, created favorable
eordition to politicize and organise the
masses,

As regards the task of organizing
the working masses, which comprises

of one of COPWE’s primary responsi-
bilities, we have, through our concert-
ed enileavour, been able to organize all
those forces which support the revolu-
tion, on the basis of professions and
localities in q@ more feasible manner.
Since the organization of the working

10

masses by professions and localities
actually means the creation of a viable
Platform that would enhance popular
participation, our endeavour in this
respect proves the genuineness of our
revolution and its unshakeable faith in
the masses.

One of the tasks of greatest signifi.
cance in our overall endeavour to firm-
ly implant the new system is the pra-
ctical implementation of a viable sys-
tem of peoples’ control. As @ result of
our endeavours in this regard so far,
the national people’s control committee
has already been established along with
regional committees in the administ-
rative regions where the country’s
most important eeonomic establish-
ments are found, namely in Addis
Ababa, Eritrea, Shoa and Arsi, Parti-
cularly in Addis Ababa zonal commit.
tees already been set up in the entire
city and basic control committees are
in the process of being set up in cer
tain key organizations. Similar ende-
avours will continue to be made in the
other administrative regions,

The main task which confronts us
in this regard is the setting up of baste
control committees in all production,
distribution and service-rendering un-
its, The decisive battle against re
actionaries who, having infiltrated in-
to the genuine ranks of the revolution,
engage in frantic efforts to disrupt
their work, will be won wih the suo
cessful accomplishment of the task of
organizing basic control committees
and the removal of all the hurdles that
prevent the correct and effective ful-
fillment of their duties. Hence, all
who have risen for the struggle against
bribery, swindling, embezzlement and
wastefulness have to stay in constant
vigil and prevent infiltrators from
joining the basic control committees.
Since it is the task of all revolutionvies



SOUTH AFRICA

OFFICIAL ALLEGEDLY HAS LINKS WITH ANC
MB270648 Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 26 Sep 82 p 1
{Article by Neil Hooper]

[Excerpts] There was a link between the sudden flight from South Africa of
President's Councillor Dr Anthony de Crespigny and the Watergate-style
burglaries at the London office of the ANC and SWAPO.

That was the astonishing conclusion in well-informed circles last night as
reports were studied both about Dr De Crespigny's precipitous exit from the
country, and the arrest in Britain of two men in connection with the burglaries.

The SUNDAY TIMES has learned authoritatively that an ANC membership list that
included the name "De Crespigny" was among documents taken from the ANC office
in London, allegedly by "freelance" agents who later sold them to South African
agents,

It was as a direct result of this--and a charge by one of his Cape Town
University colleagues that Dr De Crespigny was actively working for British
intelligence~-that the former UCT professor of political science was questioned
by officers of the National Intelligence Service (NIS).

Dr De Crespigny left South Africa suddenly six days after the two NIS officers
saw him about the membership list.

The name "De Crespigny" as published on the membership list bore the same
initials as well as the same date of birth as those of the ex-professor.

It is learned that the questioning of Dr De Crespigny also focused on the damning
claims made by former university colleagues.

They reported to the security branch of SAP [South African Police] about

suspicious meetings they said Dr De Crespigny had had regularly over a period
of several years with British diplomats and intelligence agents.

52



Polstu Spotlights Future of Blacks
(SOWETAN, 23, 24 Sep 82).....

Politicians Invited, by Len Maseko
Kambule Declines, by Len Kalane

YLF Organizes Afrikaner-Black Student Meetings
(SOWETAN, 23 Sep 82)...

Nafcoc Plans To Aid Homelands
(SOWETAN, 24 Sep 82)......sseeee

Nation's Black, White Sports Policies Studied
(Rodney Hartman; RAND DAILY MAIL, 7 Sep 82)...

State of Black Consciousness Movement Assessed
(Patrick Lawrence; RAND DAILY MAIL, 10 Sep 82)...

Tucsa's Ranks Strengthened in Past Year
(Tony Davis; THE STAR, 8 Sep 82)...

Freedom for Jabu Ngwenya Sought
CTHE STAR, 6 Sep 82)... ceeceecceecccteceeceeeceeecenrees oe

Aerial Survey of Soweto Hit
(Anthony Duigan; THE STAR, 6 Sep 82)......cceeeeeeeeneeeee

Problems of Freedom of Press Discussed
(Harvey Tyson; THE STAR, 8 Sep 82).....ceeeeeeeeeeeeeveces

Unemployment Insurance Questions Unanswered
CRAND DAILY MAIL, 40 Sep 82)....esccceeeeccssvevcceeeee eee

Difficulties in Getting Reference Book Related
(Len Kalane; SOWETAN, 23 Sep 82)....... ween cece eee ee eeee

Briefs
Secret Leftwing Society
Police Assault
Chamusso Trial Postponed
Charges Withdrawn
Jabu Released
Migrant Statistics Released
Regional Economic Development
Maritime, Naval Links

SWAZILAND

Ingwavuma Chief Warned Against Inciting People
(JHE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 13 Sep 82)........--00- wee eeeee

66

68

69

70

76

79

81

83

84

88

89
89

90
90
90
91
91

92



NAFCOC PLANS TO AID HOMELANDS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 24 Sep 82 p 3

[Text]

cso:

4700/1982

THE National African
Federated Chamber of
Commerce (Nafcoc) has
decided to co-operate
with “homeland” leaders
in a bid to develop “all
black areas in and out-
side the Republic of
South Africa”.

This bombshell an-
nouncement was made
by Nafcoc’s president,
Mr Sam Motsuenyane,
at a Press conference in
Johannesburg yester-
day.

In another shock an-
nouncement, Mr Motsu-
enyane issued a tough
warning to Indian trad-
ers who ignored invita-
tions to join the organi
sation while their bus
ness survived on black
support.

The announcements
form part of several re-
solutions taken by the
Nafcoc summit meeting
held in a city hotel this
week,

Mr Motsuenyane said
co-operation with the
“homeland” govern-
ments could not be seen
as acceptance of “the
system”. His organisa-
tion was concerned

69

about the welfare of the
Government's subjects,
and to help develop
them their leaders could
not be ignored.

“The organisation is
critical of separate de-
velopment, but I believe
when the chips are down
you can't disregard
homeland leaders and
still work with the peo-
ple in their area. Our
target is to reach these
people, to see that their
standard of living is up-
graded, and that has
nothing to do with
recognition of the sys-
tem,” Mr Motsuenyane
said.

Indians and coloureds
were still being invited
to join Nafcoc, he said.

Nafcoc also resolved
to resort to boycott only
after other methods of
negotiation and per-
suasion had failed.

“Before undertaking
to boycott, the national
body must be informed.
We believe that the
most effective results
can come about when
the whole movement
sticks together, rather
than if it is done by
units,” he said.

SOUTH AFRICA



LIBERIA

BRIEFS

DANISH MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING--The governments of Liberia and Denmark
at the week-end signed a memorandum of understanding aimed at establishing
an integrated agro-industrial dairy project in Liberia. Agriculture minister
Alfred Fromoyan and Lawrence M. Doe, acting chairman of the National Invest-
ment Commission signed for the Liberian government, and the director of Latin
Commercial Agents (LACOMA), Mr. Jacques Borggild signed on behalf of the Dan-
ish government. According to an Agriculture Ministry release, the consortium
will finance the project, in accordance with a joint venture and concession
agreement, and will undertake a feasibility study within 60 days. The agro-
industrial dairy project, when implemented, will cater to the needs of the
Liberian people for dairy products, the release added. Latin Commercial
Agents (LACOMA) is a Danish corporation with headquarters in Odense, Denmark.
{Text] [Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 31 Aug 82 p 12]

cso: 4700/1967

24



Kambule Declines

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 24 Sep 82 p 2

[Article by Len Kalane]

[Text]

CSO: 4700/1982

ONE OF the country’s top academics and lec-
turer at Wits University, Mr T W Kambule, has

dropped a bombshell by turning down an invi-
tation to address Polstu’s conference starting in

Pretoria today.

MONKEYS

Mr Kambule said it
was not the first time he
had turned down an in-
vitation from an Afri-
kaner institution. Ear-
lier, he refused to talk to
-Potchefstroom Univer-
sity because “I feel these
people know exactly
what blacks in this coun-
try want.

“IT think the whole
exercise is futile because

_Several representations

have in the past been
made to Parliament con-
cerning black demands,
and for this group of stu-
dents to want to share
platforms with us is like
making monkeys of us.

“At the conference
we are also expected to
share a platform with
homeland leaders and I
find this unacceptable. I
reject the policy of
homelands.”

PROBLEMS
Mr Kambule added:
“Nothing of what we are
going to say will help
solve this country’s
problems.”

Former editor of a
Sunday newspaper Mr

;Percy Qoboza, who was

also invited to speak,
has confirmed that he
would, while Polstu’s
national organiser, Mr
Jan van Vollenhoven,
yesterday announced
that Dr Piet Koornhof,

67

would no longer address
the conference as sched-
uled.

Mr Kambule told The
SOWETAN yesterday:
“I do not want to share a
platform with so-called
white Afrikaner liberals
and homeland feaders
because I abhor and am
opposed to the policies
of apartheid and sep-
arate development.”

The chairman of the
Soweto Committee of
Ten, Dr Nthatho Mot-
lana, who was also in-
vited to attend yester-
day, said: “I just do not
have time to attend?”

_ POLITICIANS

The conference,
which focuses on
“Constitutional Accom-
modation of Black
South Africans”, and is
organised by the Politi-
cal Students’ Organisa-
tion (Polstu), is ex-
pected to be addressed
dy a wide variety of poli-
ticians, including cabi-
net ministers.

Guest speakers turn-
ing down invitations to
the conference are likely
to spark off controversy
among black politicians,
who seem to be divided
on the issue of address-
ing white liberals.

Some see it as “an
exercise in futility”
while others see it as a
means of “opening up
channels” for dis-
cussions in the country.



Meanwhile, the foreign minister, Mr R. V. Dlamini, this week returned from
Pretoria where he held talks with his counterpart, Mr Pik Botha. Informed
sources said the Swazi delegation went to Pretoria to signify to the

South African Government that despite the demise of his majesty, King Sobhuza II,
the land question discussions would be pursued to their logical conclusion.

The source said the talks, held in Pretoria on September 24 between the
Swazi delegation led by the minister for foreign affairs, Mr R.V. Dlamini,
and his South African counterpart, Mr Pik Botha, and senior officials of the
department of foreign affairs were aimed at reviving the land talks following
his majesty, King Subhuza II's demise.

"Many people have been fearing that the land talks have gone stale following
his majesty's demise. The recent Swaziland-South African talks were to assure
the nation that they were still on with the blessing of the Indlovukazi

[queen regent], members of Liqoqo [Supreme Council of State] and government,"
the source said,

The delegation included the roving ambassador, Dr S. S. Nxumalo, and a Liquqo
member, Prince Mfanasibili, whom the South African press referred to as an
unidentified prince.

It was also learned from the source that the border adjustment talks were a
top priority of the Indlovukazi and the Liqoqo in pursuing what our late
king had started with an aim to see it through to the end,

cso: 3400/27

60



ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

BATTLE SUCCESS--The environs of (Mendefera); mobile units of the Eritrean
People's Liberation Front People's Militia have launched a half-hour lightning
ambush against enemy forces between (Mendefera) and (Shekha Wodi Bisrat).

In this surprise attack, which took place on 28 September, 17 enemy soldiers
were killed and 3 others wounded. A private named (Zerihun Adugna) was
captured in the engagement. The heroic members of the people's militia also
captured seven assorted light weapons, a communications radio and a large
quantity of ammunition and hand grenades. [Text] [EA301148 (Clandestine)
Voice of the Broad Masses of Eritrea in Tigrinya 0400 GMT 30 Sep 82]

VICTORIES REPORTED--[words indistinct] we have already reported earlier that
an enemy force which was moving out of [word indistinct] was severely mauled
by our people's militia and forced to retreat. The enemy, after its retreat,
regrouped the remnants of his forces and, with the support of bomber aircraft
and helicopter gunships made a second attempt to take positions in Hal-Hal
[words indistinct], In this second attempt to take the positions in Hal-Hal,
the enemy, as before, could not achieve his objective and was forced to retreat
after taking a severe beating. In this engagement, which lasted 1 hour, the
enemy lost 10 soldiers killed and another 15 wounded. In the first engagement
40 enemy soldiers were killed, 100 were wounded and 3 were captured. Following
its defeat the enemy bombed civilian positions for 3 days in succession, destroy-
ing 10 peasant houses and killing a woman and her (?son) in (Mariam Keyah).
Meanwhile, the Eritrean People's Liberation Front forces deployed in the
northeastern (?Sahel) Saht Front attacked an enemy force which moved on the
(?xight) flank of our defense line, forcing it to retreat. In this engagement,
which took place the day before yesterday, on 27 September, 14 enemy soldiers
were either killed or wounded and 3 heavy weapons and a huge quantity of
ammunition were captured. [Text] [EA291200 (Clandestine) Voice of the Broad
Masses of Eritrea in Tigrinya 0400 GMT 29 Sep 82]

CONSCRIPTS FAILURE~-On 23 September authorities of the Dergue ordered the
residents of (Adi Hawesha) to put forward young men to seyve in the Dergue army.
The dergue authorities tried in vain to convince the residents to comply with
the order. The residents of (Adi Hawesha) replied: What we expect from you

to [word indistinct] to remove the landmines you planted on our farms so that
we can live without fear and intimidation. Let us live in peace and work our

17



NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

DISAGREEMENT ON REPRESENTATION--Mr Danie Hough, the administrator general of
South-West Africa, says that even if UN Resolution 435 is implemented, the
day-to-day functions of government will have to continue. Speaking in a
television program on the proposed interim government for South-West Africa,
Mr Hough said the goal of greater effectiveness can only be reached if the
representation in the territory's government is broadened. Mr Dirk Mudge,
chairman of the minister's council, said that in his opinion the various
representative authorities are already properly represented in the national
assembly. The only thing still to be done is to include political parties
rarther than ethnic representatives. Mr Janie de Wet, member of the
Executive Committee of the white authority, said his group is prepared to
support in principle any process which is to the advantage of South-West
Africa. Both the leader of the Rehoboth Baster Community, Mr Hans Diergaardt,
and Mr Garoeb, leader of the Damaras Community, said they were in favor of a
stronger tiered government. [Text] [MB220756 Johannesburg Domestic Service
in Afrikaans 0600 GMT 22 Sep 82]

cso: 3401/1

34



SOUTH AFRICA

UN EMBARGO LEADS TO SELF-SUFFICIENCY IN ARMS

MB281347 Johannesburg International Service in English 1100 GMT 28 Sep 82
[Station commentary: "The UN Arms Boycott”]

[Text] United Nations member countries have been urged by a panel overseeing
the arms embargo against South Afirca to tighten their arms boycott against
the country. It is ironic that the UN boycott, first introduced 20 years ago
and made mandatory in 1977, has achieved the exact opposite of what it
intended to achieve.

South Africa is ranked today as the world's 10th largest manufacturer of arms.
Earlier this month South Africa's latest and most potent weapons system went
on public display for the first time in Pretoria. It is the G-6, a
high-mobility, self-propelled system which has a range of 40 kilometers and
is the most sophisticated of its type in the world.

Specialists in armored warfare consider that the South African Olifant tank
compares most favorably with tanks at present used by the West. The 56-ton,
12 cylinder turbo-charged Olifant was redeveloped for South African conditions
from.a design based on the old British Centurian.

Now it has been made known that the South African navy plans to have her own
warships, entirely South African from concept to completion, operational

in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans by the end of the decade. The retiring

chief of the navy, Vice Admiral Ronnie Edwards, has said South Africa is also
planning to build other warships and to replace the French-built "Daphne" class
submarines with South African-built submarines, Ultimately, says Admiral Edwards,
the arms embargo has had beneficial side effects and has pointed the way to
self-sufficiency.

A year ago already, the chairman of the arms corporation, commandant Marais,
pointed out that South Africa was able to supply the entire ammunition needs

of the South African defense force, He said 141 different types of ammunition
required by the army, air force and navy, could now be made locally. It had
become clear, he said with the adoption of the arms embargo against South Africa
by the United Nations, that the most vulnerable aspect of armaments to the
defense force was ammunition. South Africa has set itself the goal to become
totally self-sufficient in ammunition. The purpose of the arms embargo was to
leave South Africa helpless against military pressures and attack. It has failed.

csO: 3400/27

54


MINISTER SAYS IMF TO TRANSFER 1982/1983 BUDGET 'BOOSTER' TO NATION

Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 9 Sep 82 pp 1, 6

[Article by J. M. Casse11]

[Excerpt ]

cso: 4700/1967

A $100 million "booster"
to Liberia's 1982/83. fiscal
budget is to be shortly
transferred here, following
the conclusion of negdtia-
tions between the Government
of Liberia and the Washing-
ton’ D.C. based Interna-
tional Monetary Fund (IMF),
Finance Minister G. Alvin
Jones disclosed in an inter-
view Monday.

_ The transfer, according to
_Minister Jones, will serve
as the final act ina ne-
‘gotiation process between.
\the government of Liberia’
‘and the IMF which lasted
from the 19th to the 22nd of
last July. Following these
negotiations, officfals of
the Liberian’ government and*

the IMF came out with a Me.

morandum “of Understanding
and also'endorsed a letter
of intent through which this
country is to receive $100
million as ‘Support for the
1982/83 budget.

20

LIBERIA



cso:

at least half of the Transkei
contract workers who have
lost their jobs are contribu-
tors to the UIF.

‘The Manpower spokesman
said: “We've sent out numer-
ous circulars to employers,
but they just don’t read them.
We have to deal with hun-
dreds of cases of refunds.”
While the worker gets a re-
fund of his contributions, he
often doesn’t know until he
loses his job that he doesn’t
quality for the benefits.

‘And, as many contract
workers who do qualify don’t
return to the homelands
when they lose their jobs, the
UIF fund is being further
swollen by unclaimed
benefits.

Legislation which enables
contributions paid into the
South African UIF to be
transferred to funds in other
states was recently passed
and South African officials
are helping set up UIFs in the
‘homelands.

But the Manpower spokes-
man said South Africa would
not be providing financial as-
sistance and the question of
the viability of these funds
has arisen. There are also
fears — voiced in Parliament
by the PFP spokesman on
manpower, Dr Alex Boraine
— that workers might have
difficulty getting payment

4700/1978

87

through the homeland
governments.

While the setting up of
UIFs in the homelands might
provide some form of relief
to unemployed people, not all

arties see it as a good move.

‘ade unions such as the S A
Allied Workers Union
(Saawu) and the General
Workers Union (GWU) are
opposed to the UIF being run
on “apartheid” lines.

Miss Di Cooper of the GWU
says the union’s demand is
for one uniform unemploy-
ment fund with adequate
benefits to be paid out

‘ “where workers wish them to

bé paid out”.

And a major problem
which has been raised is
whether UIF credits from
the old South African fund
will be transferred to the new
fund. Does a worker who has
been contributing to the old
fund for 30 years start con-
tributing to the new fund as if
he has no credits?

In the case. of Transkei
contract workers, who have
not been contributing since
1976, it will be probably be
very difficult to transfer ald
credits to the new fund,
which means it will take
three years to acquire maxi-
mum benefits.

By that time the current
recession could be over.



NIGERIA

PAPERS COMMENT ON MASSACRE OF PALESTINIANS
AB231154 Lagos International Service in English 0830 GMT 23 Sep 82
[Press review]

[Excerpt] The recent killing of about 1,500 Palestinian refugees in Lebanon
is discussed by five papers. They are the DAILY TIMES, the NIGERIAN CALL,
the NIGERIAN TIDE, the NIGERIAN HERALD and the NEW NIGERIAN.

The DAILY TIMES sees the barbaric act by the Israelis and their allies as a
naked aggression that contravenes the Geneva Convention which stipulates that
war prisoners and refugees should be treated with respect. According to the
paper, no matter the Tel Aviv denial of noncomplicity, the Israelis cannot be
exonerated since they are in full control of Beirut.

The TIMES therefore joins the federal government in condemning Israel for
the horrendous incident.

In its comment, the CALL does not agree with Israel's contention that it has
no control over the activities of the rightwing militia which it says per-
petrated the sin against humanity. The CALL therefore appeals to Nigeria and
other African countries to protest Israel's holocaust by keeping their diplo-
matic doors tightly sealed against Israel.

On its part, the TIDE regrest that in spite of the recognition of Israel by
the Arab states, Israel is yet to renew its relationship with them. The paper
is of the opinion that the Israeli prime minister's frequent infusion of
religion into the politics of the Middle East will only complicate the pro-
spect for a peaceful coexistence in the area.

The HERALD describes the massacre as a step too far and says that Israel
cannot cook up any convincing story to justify her animalistic and barbaric
assault on defenseless Palestinians. The HERALD therefore calls on all peace-
loving nations including the allies of Israel in Europe and America to prevail
on Israel to be cautious in the Middle East in order to ensure peace for the
whole world.

The NEW NIGERIAN describes the reaction of world leaders to the killing as

a ritualistic masturbation because they do not produce a solution to the
agonizing Palestinian problem. The paper advised world leaders to save them-
selves the trouble of weeping over Israeli actions. They should find ways of
giving the Palestinians their basic human rights. The NEW NIGERIAN there-
fore wants the world leaders to ensure that Israeli actions against the
Palestinians are seriously deliberated on at the United Nations.

cso: 3400/15 41



and his detention has
created a considerable
impact in West German
circles. Demonstrators
have demanded his
release, and questions
about his position have
been raised at some
Jarge church rallies in
Germany,

Jabu was himself
present at a Kirchentag
(church rally) in
Nuremburg, which at-
tracted close to 100000
young Christians on
certain days. Similar
gatherings have recent-
ly queried his detention
and raised questions
about the nature of a
government which re-
fuses to adhere to in-
ternationally accepted
standards of justice.

Close friends are
worried about Jabu’s
health, They point to
his previous detentions,
which left their marks
on him. Prolonged
periods of solitary con-
finement have inevitab-
ly affected him, and he
finds it exhausting to
concentrate for long
periods of intellectually
demanding work. There
are fears that he has

4700/1978

devéloped an ulcer.

The DPSC’s psycholo-
gy sub-group has no
doubt that the continu-
ed incarceration
Jabu Ngwenya consti-
tutes a danger to his
well-being. His deten-
tion is even more dis-
turbing when one
realises that it is on
the authority of a judi-
cial officer — the
Attorney-General _-
whose function should
most certainly not in-
clude the imprisonment
of uncharged, uncon-
victed people.

To our knowledge,
Jabu is one of the very
few people detained in
the September and
November: 1981 police
raids who is still held
as a detainee (others
are in custody as await-
ing trial prisoners.
having been refused
bail by the Attorney
General). .

His immediate and
unconditional release is
essential. His continued
detention is yet an-
other indication that
the whole system
security law detention
must be abolished as
an urgent priority.



SOUTH AFRICA

SPOKESMAN 'NOT IMPRESSED’ WITH INGWAVUMA RULING
MB040818 Nbabane THE SWAZI OBSERVER in English 2 Oct 82 p 1

[Excerpt] The spokesman for the Swazi nation on the present border adjustment
talks with South Africa, Dr George Msibi, said yesterday these discussions
would continue unabated and that nothing would stop the Swazi side from
fighting for the return of what rightfully belongs to the kingdom. Dr Msibi
was reacting to reports that the South African appeal court in Bloemfontein
had ruled in favour of Kwazulu in the dispute between the homeland government
and the Pretoria government over Ingwavuma in Southeastern Swaziland.

Dr Msibi stressed that the land talks were a matter between two sovereign
states and that Chief Gatsha Buthelezi and his Kwazulu homeland were a product
of a system that was abhorred throughout the world.

"So if Gatsha thinks the world is impressed with the decision of the South
African appeal court on Ingwavuma, that's his own problem," Mr Msibi said.

"The Swazi nation is not concerned with the internal systems of South Africa.
Gatsha and Kwazulu are an internal problem for South Africa.

"The South African courts are also an internal system of South Africa and
they are not our concern.

"What concerns us is what South Africa as a sovereign state says to Swaziland.
To this end, the talks continue unabated and will not be affected in any way
by what happens inside South Africa.

"As far as we are concerned it was South Africa that gave Ingwavuma to Kwazulu
in 1975. We are not interested in the mechanics of how they return that land,
but we definitely want the land back.

"The only court of law whose decision we might recognise is the international
court of justice at The Hague and not a South African court of law."

59



AERIAL SURVEY OF SOWETO HIT

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 6 Sep 82 p 4

[Article by Anthony Duigan]

[Text]

cso:

A mass survey of
90000 stands in Soweto
is under way. But be
hind the ‘scenes there
is a battle over the
method of survey and
who will do the work.

Some surveyors are
angry over the decision
by the West Rand Ad-
ministration Board to
have an aerial survey.

They claim this is a
less accurate form of
land measurement
which could lead to
disputes over boundar-
fes in Soweto.

Wrab claims that
the aerial survey will
be far faster and
cheaper than conven-
tional surveys — but
the surveyors dispute

is.

In choosing the
aerial survey Wrab
claimed it would take
10 teams. of surveyors
mine years and cost
R27 million to survey
the whole of Greater
Soweto by conventional
methods.

Using aerial ’ photo
techniques the job will
be done in one year at
a cost of R4,5 million,
the board says.

4700/1978

Nonsense, reply the
surveyors, one of whom
said: “Eighteen Johan-
nesburg survey firms
have indicated that
they could put  suffi-
cient men in the field,
while maintaining their
normal work schedule,
to complete the survey
by conventional means
in one year.

“The cost would be
the same as that of
the aerial survey be
cause we all work to the
same tariff.”

There is also a
strong feeling among
Johannesburg sur
veyors that the stan-
dards of accuracy laid
down for property sur-
veys should not be
lowered for Soweto —
something that will
happen when aerial
photo techniques are
used, they say.

But Wrab points to
the support of the Sur-
veyor General of the
Transvaal for the use
of serial surveys in
Soweto.

Added to this is a
recent statement by
the Council of the
Transvaal Institute of
Land Surveyors that it

83

SOUTH AFRICA

4s not opposed to aerial
survey as a technique.

_ Another factor in the
controversy is the man
wh has been advising
Wrab about the sur-
veying — Professor G
C Olivier,

He was appointed by
Wrab on April 22 to
undertake the mass
survey of Soweto,
Other land surveyors
who had hoped that
the lucrative Soweto
contract would be
shared among them are
angry that the work
has gone to one land
survey firm. Several air
survey companies are
also involved.

Wrab maintains that
it is within its rights to
appoint a firm of its
choice. This appoint
ment, still has to be
formally approved by
at least two of the
councils of Greater
Soweto which control
the R45 million that
will be spent -on the
survey.

The councils will
make their decisions in
the coming few weeks.



It cannot exist, much less act! The VS MONIMA has presented no candidate.
It will therefore support Monja Jaona of the MONIMA KA MIVIOBIO, one more sign
of the rapprochement of these two parties, brothers after the 1978 "divorce."

The role of the bourgeoisie in a country such as ours was developed by Rabeari-
manana Gabriel, who believes that "although it has capital, it is worried .
about its use. It does not know what exactly it should do with that capital
and does not know the rules of the game. And yet, the country needs it!"

vs" MONIMA Answers Questions
Tananarive MADAGASCAR-MATIN in French 10 Sep 82 p 2

[Text] It was past noon yesterday when Remanindry Jaona, national executive
secretary of the Central Committee and the Political Bureau of the Vondrona VS
MONIMA, and his close aides left the powerful television cameras before which,
for over two and a half hours, they faced the press to announce the underlying
reasons for the VS MONIMA's decision to support the candidacy of Monja Jaona,
national president of "the other MONIMA," the MONIMA KA MIVIOMBIO, to be pre-
cise.

The questions posed by the press, following the report by the different party
leaders on their decisions made after the meeting of the Central Committee and
the Political Bureau, the only organs, along with the National Congress, to
have the power to make. party decisions, were numerous. Leaders even tried

to limit the time of questions and answers.to an hour, but unsuccessfully!
There were so many questions that they went along, especially since for them,
"the press represents a certain power."

The same priorities as those adopted at ‘the beginning of the meeting were
chosen: the economy, social affairs and politics. But very quickly, these
three points were automatically linked because they represent an indivisible
whole within the current context of the country. .

One question put to Monja Jaona last week, one not yet in the motions of the

VS MONIMA despite its importance, was brought up again yesterday by a colleague:
that of the attitude of the VS MONIMA toward international institutions such

as the IMF, the World Bank, and so on. “If you do not accept them," the
journalist in question said’, "what do you propose in their place?"

"A strong government is capable of negotiating and not of accepting all the
conditions of those institutions," Remanindry responded. "We have to accept
what is adaptable to the’country's conditions. Moreover, since the people
are always the end, the people have a say about the acceptance and use of
those funds and other international subsidies."

To illustrate his remarks, Jaona chose an example: the increase in the price
of gas and other prices decided on by the IMF. "It is so high today that

it is the people who suffer," he said. "Furthermore, there are poorly chosen
priorities. The installation and modernization of television does not have

28



the country, all development direc't
ves and programmes their needs and
transforming the squalid Hfe they
were forced to lead. Now, more than
ever before, the Ethiopian working
people are better organized, better
armed to defend their freedom.
Their revolutionary consciousness is
also manifesting constant growth from
day to day. There can, therefore, be
no power strong enough to wrench
away the victories which they have
scored,

Even though we have yet a long
way to march before we reach our
final goal, i.e. the building of a socia-
list society on a@ very solid spiritual
and material basis, our victories
hitherto are by no means insignifi-
cant, Iz should be pointed oug that
@ rugged road had to be trodden and
immense sacrifices had to be paid in
order to achieve the present level of
progress. Indeed, many a militant re
volutionary had to fall in the fierce
battle against ‘reactionaries for the
cause of this new order which is the

, guarantee of the genuine freedom of
the working people. The sons and
daughters of the worlzing people in
their thousands gave their lives in the
eastern, southern and northern fronts
to head off the naked aggression of
international imperialism and break
the cordon sanitaire imposed upon us
and thereby defended the national
sovereignty and the Revolution, The
unflinching, loyal and heroic struggle
of our Revolutionary Army in the
heat of these decisive confrontations
to assert the freedom of the working
people indeed deserves special reco-
gnition. .

Our Revolutionary army, this veri-
table off-spring of the working people,
has managed, despite tremendous
odds, t0 lay down a firm foundation

for the progress of the Revolutionary
Process by warding off and finally re-
pulsing the wave of counter-revolutio-
nary attacks directed against us.

From this platform of victory
which is fenced by the bones and
blood of our gallimt sons and daugh-
ters, we can only look forward, never
backward. We have arrived at a stage -
where our advancement will be ever
more accelerated; as such our sder'fi-
ces have undeniably borne fruit. On
ths historic day tce recall no anty
the heroic deeds of the militant, mas-
ses without whose sacrifices we could
not have -reached this stage but also
renew our pledge to further streng-
then our resolve to march ‘forwari
holding high the banner of the cause
for which they have given their lives.
On this historic day and from the
heights of this podium, we should
like to reaffirm our trust in, and our
sincere affection and admiration for
the members of our revolutionary
armed forces who are still battling
with the enemy in the valleys and
dates of our country to defend the
freedom gnd unity of the Ethiop‘an
working people and to ensure the pro-
gress of the revolutionary process.
Comrades !

The social revolution we have, set
in motion does not confine itself to
demolishing the old and reactionary
order alone .

Though the demolishing of the old
order is imperative to the construc.
tion of the new one, ‘what requires
greater endeavour and sacrifice is the
struggle in the economic, political and
soctal spheres with the view to erect-
ing the new society upon the ruins of
the old one.

Even our enemies cannot deny the
fact that the achievements of the last
years in the endeavour to build the



Maitama Sule, reaffirmed his country's irrevocable recognition of the PLO as
the only authentic representative of the Palestinian people. He said that
any negotiations aimed at restoring lasting peace in the troubled region
which excluded the PLO will be an exercise in futility. Recalling Israeli's
indefensible military aggression in the Middle East, the Nigerian diplomat
stressed that the Begin administration must be made to pay dearly for its
barbaric and wanton destruction of lives and property in Lebanon. Our corres-
pondent, Patrick Obazele, who was on a visit to the United States, said that
Alhaji Yusuf Maitama Sule's address was well received by most members of the
General Assembly with the American press unanimously commending Nigeria's
stand on the issue. [Text] [AB271729 Lagos Domestic Service in English
1500 GMT 27 Sep 82]

MOTION CONDEMNING ISRAEL SUSPENDED--Lagos, 24 Sep (NAN)--The senate yesterday
suspended a motion calling for the condemnation of Israeli atrocities in
Lebanon, because of the inability of the house to form a quorum. The motion,
which was sponsored by Senator Ibrahim Dimis--NPN [National Party of Nigeria]
Bauchi--said that the senate should condemn the action of the Israeli govern-
ment for the atrocities perpetrated in Lebanon by Israeli troops. It also
called for a resolution to request President Shehu Shagari to transmit the
senate's condemnation of the atrocities to the U.S. Government because American
weapons were used by the troops to commit the atrocities. The UPN [Unity
Party of Nigeria] senate leader, Chief Jonathan Odebiyi, however, said that
the motion should be suspended because of the inability of the senate to form
a quorum. [Text] [AB241152 Lagos NAN in English 1032 GMT 24 Sep 82]

PRP CONDEMNS ISRAEL--Lagos, 24 Sep (NAN)--The People's Redemption Party (PRP)
today in Lagos condemned the massacre of about 1,500 Palestinian refugees by
Israeli-backed forces in Lebanon. In a statement, the party's senate leader,
Alhaji Sabo Bakin Zuwo, described the incident as the greatest genocide in
recent history. He said that the action should be condemned because no law
of humanity allowed for the massacre or indiscriminate killings of defense-
less citizens. Alhaji Bakin Zuwo said that the action should be seen as a
blatant disregard for human life, adding that it was ironic that the Jews,
who were themselves victims of Nazi genocide, were today perpetrating the same
crime. The action of Israel also shows the fallacy of the arguments of those
Nigerians in favor of the restoration of diplomatic relations with Zionist
Israel, he said. Alhaji Bakin Zuwo suggested that Israel should be made to
implement all the resolutions of the United Nations on the Palestinian and

Middle East issues. [Text] [AB241227 Lagos NAN in English 1214 GMT 24 Sep
82]

OJUKWU INVOLVEMENT IN POLITICS--Owerri, 20 Sep (NAN) Chief Odumegwu Ojukwu
said yesterday in Owerri that he would not join any party that limits (?his
ambition) to any office in the country. "If Nigeria is truly one country as
everything indicates it is, then every citizen should be free to aspire to
the highest office of the land," he said at a news conference at the end of
his three-day visit to Imo. He said that he would be fully involved in the
political and economic integration of the country. Chief Ojukwu said that
he would serve in any position, adding that it must be in accordance with the
wishes of the people. "My degree of service to the nation has no limit

43



MENGISTU'S REVOLUTION DAY SPEECH

ETHIOPIA

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 14 Sep 82 pp 5-7

[Text]

— Working people of Ethiopia.

— Members of the Armed Forces,
now standing guard for the free-
dom and unity of the Mother-
land }

— Esteemed Guests.

— Comrades!

On behalf of the Revolutionary
Government, the Central Committee
of COPWE and on my own behalf,
I would like to wish you all a happy
New Year ond: 8th Anniversary of
the Revolution on this day which is
being solemnly celebrated nation-wide

*as a day marking the beginning of a
new year and a new era.

I; is my wish that the new year be
a year of prosperity and success in
our endeavour to improve the stan-
dard of living of the working people.

Committed as we are to the cause
of peace and social progress and pay-
ing immense sacrifices in their quest,
not only do I express my sincere wish
thay this fear be a year of peace and
progress but also reaffirm my firm
stand in fovour of the muintenance
of peace and the enhanccment of s0-
cial progress.

Comrades!

The subject of our commemora-
tion today is the proclamation 8
years ago of the unfolding of a new

order in which the preeminence of
an insignificant minority gave way
to that of the majority. Eight years
ago today, was the day on which’ we
heralded the downfall of an order of
oppression and exploitation and the
dawning of a new one characterised
by freedom, equality, justice, and
democracy. This day e'ght years ago
marked the very day on which we set
out to build the new and progressive
order in place of the old and reactic-
nary one which we had overthrown.
In commemorating this occasion
festively throughout the length and
breadth of our country, it is appro-
priate to point out the task head
towards our final goal taking into ac-
count the results of our struggle and
sacrifice hitherto. That the economic,
politicul and social conditions which
were az the root of the oppression and
exploitation to which we had been
subjected have now been completely
done away with, is a fact readily
observeable by everyday. The Ethio-
plan working people are today the sole
beneficiaries of the fruits of their -
labour which clearly bears out the
fact that the exploiting groups and
classes are irreversibly gone. Since
the masses of the Ethiopian people
today’ participate actively in the pol!-
tical, economic and social affairs of



NIGERIA

LAGOS SEES CONTINUED CORDIAL TIES WITH ROMANIA
AB200920 Lagos Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 20 Sep 82
[Station commentary]

[Text] The visit of President Shehu Shagari to Romania was the third time in
recent times that Nigeria and Romania were holding bilateral discussions at
the highest levels. The first occasion was in March 1977 when the government
and people of Nigeria received with open arms the Romanian leader, President
Nicolae Ceausescu. That visit was inevitably cut short because of the
devastating earthquake which occurred in Romania at that time. In June of
the following year, the then Nigerian head of state, Gen Olusegun Obasanho,
reciprocated the Romanian leader's gesture when he paid an official visit to
his country.

The just concluded visit of the president to Romania was meant to add impetus
to the implementation of decisions taken at earlier meetings and to work out
new avenues of fruitful cooperation between Nigeria. and Romania. The three
meetings at the summit level are taking place against the background of exist-
ing technical and commercial relations between both nations. Suffice to
mention that Nigeria and Romania have been jointly operating the wood indus-
tries in Ondo, Ondo State, and Calabar, Cross River State. Also the Romanians
are providing experts for the National Agricultural Mechanization Center in
Ilorin, Kwara State. And in addition, Nigeria's crude oil is an article of
trade between it and Romania.

It was therefore not surprising that the president arid his host said at the
end of their discussions that the good results obtained and the experience
acquired in the sphere of trade and economic cooperation constituted a use-
ful foundation for further extension of the exchanges in the fields of

energy, petrochemical industry, agriculture and timber processing, to men-
tion a few. The visit to the Bazi Petrochemical Complex and the Institute
for Agricultural Research clearly showed what Romanians had to offer in petro-
chemical and agriculture. The discussions between Nigerian and Romanian gov-
ernment officials also revealed that one of the fruitful results of existing
bilateral contacts between their two countries was the formation of a joint
commission. That commission, which had met four times, has been playing the
role of a stimulant in forging strong economic and cultural cooperation between
Nigeria and Romania. The communique signed in Bucharest by President Shehu

37



quantities of arms by depicting the
democratic movement of the Somelian
people as though it were an invasion
from Ethiopia and using this ase pre-
text.

The populer struggle under way in
Somalia today is carried out by the
people of Somalia themselves under the

leadership of the Somali Salvation De-
mocratic Front irrespettive of what
the reactionary Mogadisho goverament
falsely depicts ig to be, and a consider.
able number of capitalist countries
Propagate by echoeing it and pretend-
ing to be utterly confused and ignor-
ant of the actual reality.

It is quite well known that US imperialism and the reactionary forces of the
region, in collaboration with the reactionary Mogadishu ruling clique, the
traitorous secessionist bandits and all other mercenary groups, have at no
time ceased to challenge our revolution. Through their endeavours have been
halted by the United and invincible might of the Ethiopian working people,
they have not refrained from scheming and launching every possible assault
against our Revolution with the view to subverting it. Thus, though we have
been forced to pay immense sacrifices in this regard, they themselves cannot
deny the fact that they have found us exceedingly indomitable.

Nevertheless, when we consider the
present mounting hostility and ad-
venturism of US imperialism in parti.
cular, it is indeed imperative that we
enhance our competence and potentials
manifold so that we will be able to
overcome any kind of assault that mav
come today, tomorrow or any other
time, and this, on the one hand, re-
quires that we strengthen, our milit-
ary competence and defence potentia's
manifold, and on the otherhand, ex-
pand and consolidate our economy,
which is the basis of our very existen-
ce, along the correct lines of socialist
development. The essential guarantee
for all these endeavours again lies in
the systematic and effective accom-
plishment of our tasks and struggles in
every sphere, Hence, all Ethiopian
citizens are expected to enhance their
overall collective endeavours through
the instrumentality of the various ov-
ganizations under which they have
been assembled. So long as we cun,
Prove competence in these yundertak-
ings, the victory will surely be ours in

cso: 3400/1

16

every and at every stage in our atruy-
gle. And to ensure the practical reali-
zation of these objectives, we shall
march forward with ever mose resolu-
tlon and ever greater momentum,
-~ Once again, Revolutionary Mo-
therland or Death !
— Let all stand guard for the Re-
volutionary Motherland !
— We shall, through our struggle :
— Form a strong Marxist-Leninis

Party

— Establish a strong popular de-
fence force that nothing and no
one can intimidate.

— Construct @ strong soctalist eco-
nomy.

— And bring forth « conscious, epga-
nized and armed working elass.

— The Red Star Revolutionary Cam.
Paign will attain its goal f

~— COPWE’s mission shall succeed!

— The struggle will continue!

— Wa shall triumph!


to struggle and preserve the popular
structure that we are laying down from
the danger of falling under the control
of anti-people forces, all forces which
stand for the oppressed masses have to
wnite their concerted effort to ensure
the placement of genuine individuals
on the basic control committees,

Comrade!

The progress of our revolution and
the conditions prevalent in our coun-
try are interrelated with the pheno-
mena that manifest themselves in the
world every day and -every hour. It
fs unquestionable that our revolution
has irrefutably attained supremacy
through the immense and noble sacri-
fice paid by the working masses in

the course of the last few years of bit-
ter struggle. Nevertheless, we have not
been able to advance towards the atta-
inment of our goal to the full extent of
our capability as @ result of the exter-
nal aggressions launched against us by
impertalism and the forces of reaction.
Hence, through the achievements that
have been made 20 far, under the
prevailing circumstances, in the ende-
avour te Jay down the foundation for
the construction of the new society,
are, as I remarked earlier, indeed high-
ly significant, they fall far short of our
cherished aspirations.

Had peace reigned supreme as we
desired we would have devoted all our
time, wealth, labour end knowledge
to the speedy improvement of the life
of the working people. Nevertheless, we
have been forced to focus ll our at-
tention on countering imperialist sche-
mes and the pressures imposed upon
us by the general instability in the in-
ternational situation upon which we
have no control, Consequently, it has
not been easy for us to intensify our

contructive endeavours to the extent of
our wishes and aspirations, Yet. this
problem is manifested not only in
Ethiopia but also in other developing
countries and probably in far more ag.
gravated forms in some of them.

It ts clearly discernible that a fierce
struggle is at present Zoing on between
peace-loving and enti-peace, democratic
and anti-democratic, progressive and
reactionary forces in the world, Even
though the situation is indeed one of
severe tension and anxiety, its appe-
aranee particularly at @ time when the
oppressed peoples of a number of coun-
tries have resolutely braced themselves
to struggle for justice and social pro-
gress and have raised the torch that
will lead them along the road to
genuine freedom is neither unexpected
nor sudden, It connot be strange to
anyone who has closely observed the
nature of the international class strug-
gle at least since the Second World
War.

All the socialist and peace-loving
forces have paid immense sacrifices
during the Second World War which
‘was triggered by fascism consequent to
the crisis that swept capitalism, Yet,
socialism was not destroyed as impert-
alism had ardently wished. In actual
fact, its invincibility was proven
through the scorching fire of the war
and the inevitability of its victory, as
a@result of the fact that it derives its
immense force from the collective
might of the masses, was ascertained.

Nevertheless, U.S. imperialism,
which had been Hittle affected by the
war, was able to. emerge as the most
dominant imperialist force after the
Second World War. Thus it assumed
the leadership of the international for-
ees of reaction and undertook the
sinister campaign of the cold war, It
intensified its reactionary struggle aga-



Mabuza Accused of Spreading False Rumors

(THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 15 Sep 82).. wee e econ 93
Expatriots Accused of Sabotaging Localization Process

(James Dlamini; THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 15 Sep 82).. . 94
Sigcawini Residents’ Complaints Reported

(THE SWAZI OBSERVER, 11 Sep 82).. 95
Briefs

Cotton Losses 96

TANZANIA

Importance of Self-Sufficiency in Food Production Noted

(Editorial; MZALENDO, 12 Sep 82)..........eeeeeeee wee eee 97

ZIMBABWE

Mugabe Offers Nujoma Financial Support

(THE CITIZEN, 16 Sep 82) 99
Norman Praises Support of Cooperatives

(THE HERALD, 15 Sep 82)... . 100
Resurgence of 'Laager Mentality' Among Whites Reported

(THE CITIZEN, 23 Sep 82).......... 101
Formation of New State Employees' Body Reported

(THE HERALD, 17 Sep 82)...... 103
State Plan To Take Over Private Schools Denied

(THE HERALD, 16 Sep 82)... 105
Briefs

Secrecy at Airmen's Hearing 106

Demobilization Exercise 106

Recruitment Scheme Boosts Brigades 106

Health Centres Planned 106

Trade With Arabs 107

Farming Jobs Decrease 107

Rail Takeover Postponement 107

Brigades Plan 108

Row Over Squatters 108

Building Brigades 108

Cotton Depot 108



said at the opening of the Masarakufa clinic in Mudzi yesterday. He said
the goal of 115 clinics by the end of the year would not be reached because
of unexpected hitches, but that 50 clinics were presently under construction.
[Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 9 Sep 82 p 1]

TRADE WITH ARABS--NEGOTIATIONS have started to set up trade agreements between
Zimbabwe, Algeria and Libya, the Minister of Trade and Commerce, Cde Richard
Hove, said in Harare yesterday. Cde Hove was giving a Press conference, fol-
lowing his recent tour, with officials from the Confederation of Zimbabwe
Industries, the Associated Chambers of Commerce of Zimbabwe and the tobacco
industry, to Algeria and Libya. The visit to Algeria was at the invitation

of President Benjedid's government to attend the international trade fair

in Algiers. Both countries had shown interest in Zimbabwean tea, coffee and
steel billets, the minister said. Local businessmen who wished to take advan-
tage of the Lybian market were advised to begin discussions with companies

in that country soon. Cde Hove said he would call a meeting of representatives
of the private sector tomorrow to find out who was willing to export to Algeria.
The Zimbabwean delegation had met senior government officials in both countries.
Although both were major oil exporters, they had diversified their economies
and manufactured much of what this country produced. Oil imports to Zimbabwe
did not fall under his ministry, he said. The balance of trade with both

North African countries was in Zimbabwe's favour as both had imported goods
from here without exporting goods to this country. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD
inEnglish 9 Sep 82 p 3]

FARMING JOBS DECREASE--BULAWAYO--JOBS in agriculture fell by 50 000 between
1979 and 1981, according to the chairman of the Agricultural Labour Bureau,
Mr Tertius Wessels. Farmers were not increasing their workforces--nor replac-
ing people who resigned or died--because of the increased minimum wage. They
were also cutting down on labour-intensive crops, said Mr Wessels in an inter-
view yesterday. The figures for this year were not yet available but it was
expected there would be a further drop. "Agriculture is the biggest employer
in this country but the labour figures are still going down. Many people
want to work but there is just no work available," he said. The Minister

of Labour and Social Services, Cde Kumbirai Kangi, had said ministry estima-
tions put the job losses at an even higher figure, said Mr Wessels. {Text ]
[Harare THE HERALD in English 4 Sep 82 p 1]

RAIL TAKEOVER POSTPONEMENT--BOTSWANA might only be able to take over the run-
ning of the railway line running from Francistown to that country's border
with South Africa by 1990, Cde Midzi said. He had been told this when a dele-
gation from the Botswana Ministry of Transport led by its Minister visited
Zimbabwe recently for discussions on the take-over of part of the railway

by 1987. But, depending on circumstances in Botswana and worldwide, they
might have to extend it to 1990. Mr Paddy Shields (Independent, Bulawayo
Central) had asked for details on how negotiations on the take-over earlier
reported to begin in 1986 were progressing, and if Zimbabwe was still paying
$185 000 to Botswana for the use of the route. He believed this payment was
not fair, both because Botswana was having its railways run by Zimbabwe and
was receiving "vast benefits" from the line itself. Cde Midze replied that
it was to Zimbabwe's benefit to have the line efficiently run, and this was
worth the cost. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 4 Sep 82 p 7]

107



POLSTU SPOTLIGHTS FUTURE OF BLACKS

Politicians Invited

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 23 Sep 82 p 2

{Article by Len Maseko]

[Text]

THE Political Students’
Organisation (Polstu)
has invited a range of
politicians to speak at its
two-day conference,
which starts tomorrow
in Pretoria.

Hundreds of dele-
gates from universities
throughout the country
are expected to attend
the conference, the
theme of which focuses
on “Constitutional Ac-
commodation of Black
South Africans”.

The meeting will be
held at the University of
Pretoria — which shows
a change of attitude fol-
lowing thé refusal by the
university's authorities
to allow a Polstu con-
gress to be held there
last year because it was
~mixed and political”.

The Minister of Co-
operation and Devel-
opment, Dr Piet Koorn-
hof, will for the first
time share the platform
with the KwaZulu Chief
Minister. Chief Gatsha
Buthelezi, since the la
ter called him a “wolf in
a sheepskin” over the
Ingwavuma land-deal.

Mr Justice Steyn, of
the Urban Foundation.
will deliver the opening
address at the ‘confer-
ence.

Other speakers in-
clude Mr Percy Qoboza.
former editor of the si-
lenced Post and Sunday
Post newspapers: Dr
Cedric Phatudi, Chief
Minister of Lebowa: Mr
Moses Maubane, man-
aging director of African
Bank; Mr Enos_Ma-
buza, Chief Minister of

66

SOUTH AFRICA

KaNgwane homeland:
Prof Marinus Wiechers
of Unisa; Mr Horace
Rensberg, PFP member
for Bryanston, and Prof
Gerrit Olivier of Unisa.

Polstu national orga-
niser Mr Jan van Vollen-
hoven said: “In the lig
of the Prime Minister's
proposals on the cons
tutional future of Indi-
ans and coloureds. the
future of black South
Africans is very obscure.

“Polstu decided to
hold the conterence to
draw attention to the
unfortunate position of
blacks. ch has to be
rectified

The meeting will be
held at the Boukunde
Building. and starts at 7
pm.



COMMERCE MINISTRY ARRANGING CEMENT IMPORTS

Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 9 Sep 82 pp 1, 10

[Excerpt]

‘The Ministry of Com-
merce, Industry and
Transportation has begun ar-
rangements with a local com-
pany for the importation of
cement into Liberia at a
market price of $4.50.

The new price of the imported
cement will be $1.50 less than ce-
ment produced locally by the
Liberia Cement Company,
CEMENCO.

Deputy Commerce’ Minister
Clarence Momolu told citizens
of Zorzor and government of-
ficials in Lofa recently that the
measure was being persued by
the Commerce Ministry because
of the failure of CEMENCO to
maintain supply of cement on
the local market.

But the CEMENCO general
manager, Mr. Horst Wallwitz,
when contacted for comment
last week, described - the
Minister’s allegation as a mere
“rumour”. Mr. Wallwitz. told
the Daily Observer that the sup-
“ply of cement to many parts of
the country had been slow due to
the “bad road conditions faced
by truck drivers who deliver the
commodity’’.

Minister Momolu said it had
been discovered that locally pro-
duced cement was far more ex-

pensive than that which is to be
brought in under importation ar-
rangements.

21

He did not say whether the ce-
ment would be imported duty-
free, but told his audience that
upon completion of the arrange-
ment, the importing firm would
employ some 300-400 Liberians.
He did not disclose the name of
the firm.

Mr. Momolu noted that this
number of Liberians would
greatly help to reduce huge
unemployment rate in the cOun-
try.

Austerity Measures

The CEMENCO boss disclos-
ed that from a production level
of 40,000 bags a day, CEMEN-
CO was now producing at 4,000
bags a day owing to the situation
posed by the roads.

Disturbed by this steep decline
in its production figures,
CEMENCO, early this week
issued a press release stating that
“as the company’s economic
condition worsened; it would be
forced to review its operation’.

Under the review, CEMEN-
CO has’instituted measures aim-
ed. at reducing its expatriate
staff. The position of works

manager and assistant works
manager have been reduced to
one, while the president of
CEMENCO has been recalled to
Norway for a new assignment
leaving Mr. Horst Wallwitz to

LIBERIA



the New Muger Cemen; Project which
ten years ago might probably have
cost 50-60 million Birr only. A diesel
truck which cost 73 thousand Birr
@ few years agu now eosts 130 thous.
and and a bus which cost only 100,000
@ few years ago now carries a price-
tag of 250,000 Birr! Three years ago
4 tractor cost 22,000 now 45,000 Birr!
In the same period a barrel of crude
oil skyrocketed from US $ 14 to US$
30!

A mere glance at the pricing of the
exports of technology-recipien; count-
ries like ours would portray how ad-
verse the reulities of the world market
are to the develop'ng countries.

Nearly US$ 500 was offered for
@ ton of coffee @ mere three years ago;
the same quantity now fetches less
than US$ 3000. *

A ton of oil-seed which cost nearly
$900 two years ago now fetches only
$700.

A ton of semi-finished ledther
which fetched about $2,300 two years
ago has sunk to $1,300.

A dozen pieces of raw hide now
fetches only $35 as against over $50
two years ago.

This.is the reality in the world mar-
ket, a sad renlity which has effectively
humstrung the development effort
of backward countries.

For all our wish, we cannot, un-
fortunately, change this reality. We
have fo spare no effort, however, to
do everything we can within our con-
trol and deploy all the energy we can
muster towards the abolition of this
harsh reality and its replacement by
an equitable world economic order.
To ward off any negative impact this
may have on our bid to bring about
rapid economic development, the only
option at our disposal is to double
and triple the volume of our export.

At this stage of our development,

agriculture is the top-most priority.
The positive impact which agricultur-
al production ean have to accelerate
our economic development ts toa clear
for everyone to see.

As I have pointed out at the recent
Third Congress of AEPA land owner
ship entails a greater social-responsibi-
lity than producing just enough to
meet one’s family. The end of boost-
ing agricultural productions is not
only to do away with short-falls of
basic supplies in the urban areas, but
is also to attain high level of develop-
ment whereby we can produce enough
with which to pay for the technologi-
cal in-puts we stand in need of for
rapid development.

Tn order for agriculture to reach a
high level of development, the pooling
of small holdings into agricultural co-
operatives is, as has often been pointed
out, of decisive impact, Everyone
should note that we advocate coopera-
tivization not only for the sake of com-
munizing private property.

Economic development is nothing
more than the growth of productive
forces or of productivity. The growth
of productive forces is dependent on
the utilization of improved technology.
In agriculture the utilization of highly
efficient means of production is para-
mount to effect the growth of produc-
tive forces and productivity, The pre-
sent conditions tn agriculture and the
organization of production are not, un-
fortunately, conducive to rapid chan-
ge. It should therefore be noted that
our purpose in favour of collectiviza-
tion is in the interest of a higher
growth of production and to lay down
@ firm basis for the achievement of an
adequate material life, This fact is
clearly borne out by nascent cooperati-
ves. The pooling of human and mate-
rial resources has enabled them to de



The seminar will end on Wednesday, 8 September 1982. On Thursday, 9 September
1982, the Central Committee will hold a press conference at the Foibe-Frenjy-
Faravohitra. (ANTA ["TARATRA" NATIONAL INFORMATION AGENCY] )

VS MONIMA To Support Jaona
Tananarive MADAGASCAR-MATIN in French 10 Sep 82 pp 1-2

[Text] The VS MONIMA will support the candidacy of Monja Jaona, national
president of the MONIMA KA MIVIOMBIO [expansion unknown]. That information
emerged from the press conference held at the Foibe Frenjy in Faravohitra
yesterday by the Central Committee and Political Bureau of that revolutionary
group affiliated with the National Front for the Defense of the Revolution.
The conference was headed by national executive secretary Remanindry Jaona,
member of the Supreme Revolutionary Council.

With this fairly predictable news, the precampaign period is in full swing.
The campaign that will follow promises to be a lively one. The decision was
made following a three-day meeting -- not a national seminary of the VS MONIMA,
as some may have indicated -~- of the Central Committee and Political Bureau.
Another major point to emerge from the meeting with the press was the public
denial to the press of the so-called split in the VS MONIMA following the
radio and television announcement by three former members of that group: Tsi-
hozony Maharanga, Razafindrabe Andre and Armand Tovonaiko, who are reportedly
no longer part of the group and who, as we know, have announced their support
for President Didier Ratsiraka, speaking on behalf of the VS MONIMA.

The clarifications on this subject by the national executive secretary of the
VS MONIMA are clear and precise.

Right Arm

Gabriel Rabearimanana, Remanindry Jaona's right arm, opened the session with
a preliminary report in which he emphasized that in the face of the current
crisis in which the nation finds itself, a crisis that is creating all kinds
of problems in daily life, the responsibility of every patriot for national
recovery is a heavy one. Following his address, the motions made during the
three-day meeting were read.

An official announcement was made of the VS MONIMA's refusal to support the
secretary general of the AREMA [Vanguard of the Malagasy Revolution], Didier
Ratsiraka, in the coming presidential elections on 7 November and the

VS MONIMA's support for the candidacy of Monja Jaona, "who is not responsible
for the problems now being experienced by the Malagasy people and the country."
Despite "the disagreements that remain between the VS MONIMA and the MONIMA

KA MIVIOMBIO in their respective programs," the decision was made "to oppose
the way in which the AREMA has headed the country." In addition, the VS MONIMA
emphasized that no matter what the outcome of these elections, "national unity
must be preserved." The VSM desires to remain as a legal political party
working for socialism within the National Front for the Defense of the Revo-
lution."

26



SIGCAWINI RESIDENTS’ COMPLAINTS REPORTED

Mbabane THE SWAZI OBSERVER in English 11 Sep 82 p 1

[Text]

CSO:

SWAZILAND

RESIDENTS of Sigcawini north of the Manzini-Big Bend highway have
complained that there was no development taking place in the area and
appealed to Government to provide some essential services such as clean
water and roads. The residents said the need for a good bridge over the
Mzimpofu River was a serious problem because when the river was
flooded, there was no transport to take members of the community to
hospitals in Manzini and their children could not go to school until the

water had subsided.

When The Swazi Obser-
ver visited the area this
week, Chief Luvaba was not
available. He was reported
tobe still at Lobamba Royal
Residence where all chiefs
have assembled since the
death of His Majesty King
Sobhuza I.

But one of the women at
the Chief's residence said
this matter had been discu-
ssed during local council
meetings, but she did not
know whether requests for
essential services had been
made to the District Com-
missioner’s office in Ma-
nzini.

The Swazi Observer dro-
ve down to the Ndvongeni
Dam east of the Mdume-
zulu Hills where herds of
cattle were drinking while
one woman had a span of
oxen filling up a drum with
water for home consump-
tion.

Nearby stands the dippi-
ng tank for the area. The
woman said on dipping day
residents tried in vain to
keep the cattle away from
the water.

“There is nothing we can

do, until Government helps

4700/1965

us introduce a water sche
me by drawing water from
some springs at the top of
the Mdumezulu Hills,” she
said.

“Although the chief has
prohibited people from wa-
shing on this dam, we still
come and wash here becau-
se there is no where else for
us to go,” she added.

The residents confirmed
that crossing the Mzimpo-

fu in flood was out of que-
stion. There had been insta-
nces when children atte-
nding school at Gilgal
School across the river had
been forced to spend nights
on the other side of the river
after heavy rains.

The Water Scheme De-
sign Engineer with the Ru-
ral Water Supply Board at
the Ministry of Works, Po-
wer and Communications,
Mr Charles Parker, said
there were no immediate
plans to provide clean water
to Sigcawini.

However, Mr Parker
said, he had visited the area
and had identified the spri-
ngs on the Mdumezulu Hills
from which water could be
drawn by gravitation. He

95

said his office would ask the
district team in Manzini to
approve a scheme for assi-
- stance.

“Once the district team
has approved the scheme
we will submit a design to
the British Overseas Deve-
lopment Ministry which is
funding the schemes,” said
Mr Parker.

“What people need to
understand is that we have
to work within our budge-

+ tary allocations.

“At the moment, we are
providing water for about
12 000 people per year, but
you will find there are pro-
bably 300 000 people wi-
thout these services.”

Mr Parker said when the
Rural Development Area
Programme of the Ministry
of Agriculture had been
completed, it would be mu-
ch easier to use the avai-
lable resources to provide
clean water to larger nu-
mbers of people in the rural
areas.

A spokesman for the
Roads Department said
there were no plans to build
a bridge over the Mzimpo-
fu River.



DIFFICULTIES IN GETTING REFERENCE BOOK RELATED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 23 Sep 82 p 11

[Article by Len Kalane]

[Text]

cso:

4700/1982

LIFE is at a standstill for
a young Soweto man,
who now at 21, never
had a reference book.

Not that he is smarter
than the Law. It seems
that the Law itself
doesn’t want to give him
one.

Also not that Henry
Ntsizi Mjijwa of Diep-
kloof is dying to have
one as his pride posses-
sions. The laws in this
country makes a refer-
ence book a must for
every black man over
16. .

In January 1980, he
applied for one. He had
been going to the pass
office every month for
the past two years only
to be sent back, without
it.

“Try again,” officials
kept on saying.

The delay, he says,
denies him access to a
passport and a driver's
licence.

“Life can be nasty in
this country without a

pass. Everything has

come to a standstill for
me.”

88

Mr Mijijwa said he
was born in Kliptown,
Johannesburg, with
documents to prove it,
birth certificate and the
house permit.

“I don’t know why the
hassle,” he adds.

All he has after 24
months is only a piece of
paper, Document num-
ber D 939253 which
started fading in texture
through the period. It
was replaced. Countless
others followed, still no
reference book.

“I’m now getting tired
— and annoyed,” Mr
Mjijwa told The SOWE-
TAN: “Unless some-
body up there explains.”

The Department of
Co-operation and De-
velopment in Pretoria
couldn’t provide a ready
answer. A_ lady said:
“We have a problem.
Mr Johan Oosthuizen is
the one who usually
speaks to the Press. He
will be away: for the
whole week. Mr Job
Jonker is also not avail-
able to talk to you.”

SOUTH AFRICA



relop large-scale agriculture. The fa-
rourable condition thus created for the
introduction of modern technology has
enabled them to utilize tractors, This
is what ive ‘understand by develop-
ment.. Whoever believes that he can
achieve this level of efficiency single
“handed on his small plot cannot be
said have concern for the transforma-
tion of the lives of Ethiopian peasants
@s =e! as for the accelerated develop-
ment of the country.

I should, at this juncture, underline
the complexity of the task of sectoral
stote organization and especially that
of the experts in the field. We know of
the existence of a number of experi-
mentally proven performance-efficient
methods and devices which can readi-
ly boost agricultural productivity, The
transformation of these devices and
methods from prototype or experimen-
tation objects into becoming compo-
nents of the material culture of the
Peasants, naturally, demands a large-
scale and sustained effort by agricul.
tural extension workers.

The care, maintenance and efficient
utilization of technological products is
@s important as their application in ag-
riculture. It is appropriate in this re
gard to point out certain weaknesses
which call for immediate correction.
The manner with which expensire
machines, tractors and trucks (which
cost the nation its hard-earned foreign
currency) does suggest that we are
not yet fully aware that we are strug:
gling against poverty. The high degree
of wastage in the utilization of raw-

material, in the storage and distribu.
tion of produetions, all suggest that we
have not yet acquired the awareness
that the transformation of a subsistence
economy demands, among others
things thift.

With the rational utilization of our
human and material resources we are
now waging a struggle to extricate our
eountry from underdevelopment. Very
much is expected from our scientists
and research workers in this regard.

There are a number of areas which
wait research and study such as, for
example, a thorough enquiry into the
combination of man power and means
of production in the agricultural, ma-
nufacturing, trade and other sectors of
our economy.

I should like to take this opportuni-
ty to remind our scientists and resear-
chers of their responsibility to step up
still further their participation in the
national development activity, They
can discharge this responsibility by
taking advantage of the excellent op-
Portunity now available by undertak-
ing development-oriented research.
Their contribution in playing their
role in this historic struggle will parti-
cularly be relevant in the context of
the struggle to foil the imperialist
strategy of keeping poor and develop-
ing countries in @ constant state of un-
derdevelopment.

Comrades!

Whenever we say that’ our country
has been transformed, we specifically
mean that we have taken with courage

all the measures propicious for a development on the basis of equality, jus-
tice and democracy. Whenever we say that our country has been transformed we
specifically mean that we have gotten rid of all the obstacles for a rapid and

balanced development.

The extrication of our country from underdevelopment and the consequent build-
ing of a society with an adequately full material and spiritual life depends,



EXPATRIOTS ACCUSED OF SABOTAGING LOCALIZATION PROCESS

Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 15 Sep 82 p 1

{Article by James Dlamini]

[Text]

cso:

4700/1965

THE outgoing executive
officer of the Swaziland
Railways, Mr. Fanie Botha,
has charged that some
expatriates are sabotaging
‘the localisation process to
protect their jobs.

S| ‘at a forewell
luncheon at the Swazi Inn
yesterday, Mr. Botha said
deliberately slow down
training so that they can
stay in Swaziland for longer
than is necessary.

should to serve
Swaziland and train
nationals to take over when
they leave.

inclined to stay here longer
than is expected,” he said.
Mr. Botha said if in the
process of trying to
promote efficiency and

_.speed up training “We are

forced to take disciplinary
action which makes us

94

unpopular, then that is
unfortunate.”

“If you are to run an
organisation like a railway
line, you need discipline
and loyalty. Without these
two you can forget about
running a railway line,” he
said.

“Not being a politician, I
came to Swaziland with an
ubiased mind to serve and
help Swaziland,” Mr.
Botha said.

Paying ‘tribute to Mr.
Botha, the Minister for
Works, Power and Comm-
unications, Dr. Victor Le-
ibrandt said Swaziland Ra-
Hiway bas gone a long way
since Mr. Botha took over.

“He came at a time of
peat need. We are still

yrning to run our own rai-
lway lne, but that takes
some time,” Dr. Leibrandt
said. “We have many exa-
mples in Africa where rai-
Iway lines are either not fu-
netioning or too slow. We
have achieved a good level
of efficiency.

“Mr, Botha came at a
time of great expansion on
our traffic goods. When we
built then line, it was
reserve, but today we can
say that it is 2 viable
operation,” Dr. Leibrandt
added.

SWAZILAND



MUGABE OFFERS NUJOMA FINANCIAL SUPPORT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 16 Sep 82 p 5

[Text]

cso:

4700/1934

HARARE. — The Prime
Minister, Mr Robert
Mugabe, yesterday gave
more than Z$250 000
(about R375 000) to the
Swapo leader, Mr Sam
Nujoma.

The money was pres-
ented to the Swapo chief
shortly after talks be-
tween the two leaders at
Mr Mugabe's office.

Speaking at the pres-
entation, Mr Mugabe said
it was a token of apprecia-
tion by the people of Zim-
babwe for the liberation
struggle Swapo was
launching.

“On behalf of my Gov-
ernment, Zanu (PF) and
the people of Zimba-
bawe, I wish to present to
you this money which was
Taised by the people of
Zimbabwe during the
Swapo Solidarity Week,”
he said.

The Prime Minister re-
iterated his Government's
support for Swapo and as-
sured Mr Nujoma that the
people of Zimbabwe were
behind Swapo’s struggle.

Mr Mugabe expressed
disappointment at ‘the
boycott of the organisa-
tion of Afircan Unity’s
summit, which failed to
convene in the Libyan
capital of Tripoli through

99

the lack of a quorum last
month.

“It is distrubing to note
that some members de-
cided to boycott the sum-
mit at a time when the
support of the organisa-
tion is needed in Namibia
and South Africa,” he
said.

Turning to South West
Africa, Mr Mugabe said
Zimbabwe was proud of
the victories Swapo had
been scoring of late and
now hoped to see UN
Resolution 435, and as-
sume a new stage in the
Namibian _ indpendence
negotiations,” the Prime
Minister said.

In reply, the Swapo
chief said the money
would help his organisa-
tion to “liquidate South
Africa’s exploitative sys-
tem”.

Mr Nujoma said the
money would be put to
good use, adding: “It will
help us speed up the
achievement of indepen-
dence.

“We are particularly
happy that the donation
was made when Zim-
babwe was a year old and
at a time when she faced
numerous problems like
the allocation of land to
its people,” he said.

ZIMBABWE



The aging frigates would be replaced with a ship of the Corvette type which
was South African designed and which would meet South Africa's own strategic
maritime defence needs.

"The project represents the first South African warship that will be entirely
ours from concept to completion.

"Fortunately the arms embargo has had beneficial side-effects and has pointed
the way towards self-sufficiency.

"We have grown up and gained experience very quickly. We have come a long
way from the days when we were forced to accept what other countries told us
we needed," Admiral Edwards said.

"It is hoped that the local industry and shipbuilding centres will rise to the
challenge, as they have with our strife craft,

"The navy would like to contribute towards a compresentive shipbuilding and
support infrastructure and develop it to the stage where it can flourish
without the navy's patronage.

“The navy is not yet large enough to support a shipbuilding industry on its

own," Admiral Edwards said in what was interpreted as a reference to South Africa

seeking international partners in building the warships, particularly the
submarines.

CSO: 3400/27

62



YLF ORGANIZES AFRIKANER-BLACK STUDENT MEETINGS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 23 Sep 82 p 6

[Text]

cso:

4700/1982

A NUMBER of Afri-
kaans students from
South Africa’s right-
wing universities will
meet with black students
in, Pretoria and Cape
Town next month, to de-
bate a variety of issues
concerning the future of
South Africa.

The meetings, to be
held during the first and
second weekend of Oc-
tober will be held under
the auspices of the
Youth Leadership Fo-
rum (YLF), a student
organisation whose
main aim is to bring to-
gether blacks and whites
of contrasting political
ideologies.

According to YLF's
newsletter, Creative In-
volvement, there are
many South Africans
who are intellectually
held captive by enforced
political doctrines and
whose followers are co-
erced to stay with a par-
ticular group, often by
means of overt or covert
pressure or threats of
mental or even physical
violence.

“We believe that one
of South Africa’s great-
est needs, if the present

68

process of polarisation is
to be reversed and
peaceful change
achieved, lies in the
process of ideological
liberation of right-wing
and left-wing political
activists and the inspira-
tion and activation of
the silent majority.
“The State must pro-
vide equal educational

, facilities, irrespective of

race, creed or colour:
but we also believe that
individuals should be
free ta organise their
own private educational
institutions — which
should be entitled to
State subsidy,’’ the
newsletter reads.

The YLF was founded
in 1978 and has always.
kept a low profile of its
activities among univer-
sity students.

According to a
spokesman for YLF, 15
students from Pretoria
University, five from the
Rand Afrikaans Univer-
sity and five from the
University: of Potchefs-
troom are expected to
attend the meeting to be
held at Manhattan Ho-
tel.

SOUTH AFRICA



movements and sweeping revolutionary
_ tides. In @ few years, the echo of re
volutionary victories has eroused the
peoples of Africa, Asia and Latin
America. From. Ethiopia to Vietnam,
from Angola to Nicaragua, several co-

untries in the backward continents —

have been able to secure victory.

Imperialists have also made all sorts
of frantic endeavours to halt these
developments and maintain their posi-
tion. Considering that it was a viola
tion of the laws of nature when peoples
fling away their exploiting and opres-
sing masters from their shoulders, the
imperialists made wild outcries, They
cried out that human rights were viol-
ated, They spread falshehoods by de-
picting the revolutionary struggles cs
blatant terrorism. Nevertheless, the
tmpact of their misleading propaganda
fell far short of their expectations.

Thus they have chosen to resort to
severe economic, political end partl-
eularly military measures without any
scruples, They are of the conviction
that this reactionary policy will first
of off enable them to avert defeat and
ultimately to subvert and crash social-
ist revolutions and their victories if
this turns out to be possible, Since
recent years, they have given primacy
to their policy of military adventurism.
Thus they have been expending incal-
eulably enormous financial resources
in preparation for war.

The offence committed by US im-
Perialists, in their arrogant intent to
show off that they are not merely
Emited to preparations but are ectual-
ly in action, has become more and
more inebriate. On the one hand, they
tnetigate rexctlonary states, through
the offer of armaments end every
other form of essistence, to act as pro-
xies and invade progressive netions in
their neighbourhood end to pollute the

atmosphere of peace. On the other hand,
in collaboration with neighbouring re-'
ectlonary states which have permitted:
them to establish militery beses tn
their territories and use them as laun-'
ching pads, the tmperilatets are creat.
ing conditions suited for direct tnter'
vention, ‘

Their preparetions ere net Hmtted
to these alone. Thety tactics range from
the use of their mercenary proxies in
aoonomic sabotage $0 the arming of
narrow nationalist end other bandit
genge to pollute peave in progressive
countries.

doed multifarious, what has become
Particularly conspicuous is their-milit-
ary adventurism, which te indeed @
cause for greve concern, Having rect
perated from the stunning blow they
hed sustained in Vietnam, tha US im-
Perialists are rearing their head ence
again. They ere et present making in-
tensive endeavours to inculcate a vul-
ger sense of nationalism among the
American people and gain their mp.
Port, They ere heading towards en
adventurons undertaking that is both
qualitatively end quantitively more en-'
haneed. It has become their dally end’
hourly tesk to reinforee thelr military,

of destructive armaments manifold en:
she one hand, end to engage tn milly.
@ry menoenvres with the view to ere.
ating tenston tn the world and hamper.
ing healthy economic relations emong
nations on the other hand. '

Policy of peaceful coexistence, heigh-
ten, the tension of war or weaken
detente have at present become sour-'
css of pride to the imperialists. More-,
over, the propegende campeign they\
are carrying owt with the intene of!



SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

COTTON LOSSES--COTTON farmers, this year, incured losses of E6000 000 from
their poor production of the crop, which was caused by a severe drought during
the January-March period, the executive officer for the Swaziland Cotton Board,
Mr Mike Clark said. Mr Clark explained that this was the most critical time
because the plant had reached its second stage of development in producing

the seed cotton. "A lot of the bolls fell off the plant and the overall
yield was reduced according to the intensity of the drought," said Mr Clark.
In the last five years there was a reasonable spell and the average rate of
production was 20,230 tonnes per year, he said. Due to the drought, yields
were reduced by two thirds in the lowveld, Mr Clark said. "This is the worst
year since the 1975-76 season," he said. Mr Clark subdued the fact that this
was a very difficult time for the farmers. Cotton qualities were reduced when
there was a drought and the farmers received less money for their products,

he said. The World Economic Recession, which decides the price at which cot-
ton should be sold also had a tremendous effect on the farmer's income, Mr
Clark said. [Text] [Mbabane THE SWAZI OBSERVER in English 11 Sep 82 p 1]

cso: 4700/1965

96



farms in order to earn a living. We have no young people to serve in the
Dergue army. In Cheren the Dergue's orders to arm members of urban dwellers
associations and young men were also rejected by the residents. In another
development, four Dergue soldiers, including a lieutenant, were killed on
26 September in Cheren in a shootout between supporters of the Dergue and
its opponents. [Excerpts] [EA301154 (Clandestine) Voice of the Broad Masses
of Eritrea in Tigrinya 0400 GMT 30 Sep 82]

-COMPLETE VICTORY-The environs of (Woki); the day before yesterday, Eritrean
People's Liberation Front [EPLF2 and people's militia fighters attacked an
enemy force which was moving from (Woki) to (Embalukon), forcing it to
retreat in disarray, The engagement lasted for 6 1/2 hours, from
0730 to 1400, with our fighters and peoples militia gaining a complete victory.
In this engagement, 14 enemy soldiers were killed and another 20 wounded.

The enemy also left behind a lot of property, and retreated clumsily without
achieving its objectives. Meanwhile, an Ethiopian soldier, Abebe Moges,
military serial number 354936, member of the 42d Brigade of the 19th Division,
surrendered to EPLF units stationed near Af Abed on 1 October. [Text]
[EA042224 (Clandetsine) Voice of the Broad Masses of Eritrea in Tigrenya

1500 GMT 4 Oct 82]

AFABET-HALHAL FEEDER ROAD--ASMARA (ENA)--A 35-km. feeder road linking the
main highway of Afabet with Halhal in Eritrea region jointly built by members
of the Second Army Division and employees of the Road Construction Authority
in Keren is now operational. Inaugurating the new feeder road, Comrade Maj.
Gen. Haile-Girogis Habte-Mariam, Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces and COPWE
Central Committee member, noted its importance in the overall reconstruction
campaign underway in Eritrea region. He expressed hope that the public facil-
ities, roads and other infrastructures wantonly destroyed by secessionist
bandits would soon resume services after the maintenance works are completed
in line with the programmes of the Red Star Multifaced Revolutionary Campaign
in the region. Earlier Comrade Col. Engdawork Kidane-Mariam, Commander of
the Second Army Division and Comrade Lt. Tiruneh Gebre-Mariam, Head of Polit-
ical Department of the "Mentir" Command, spoke outlining the role of the Rev-
olutionary Army not only in the military field but also in political, economic
and social areas of endeavour. Special prizes were awarded on the occasion
to staff members of the Keren provincial road construction authority, who
displayed exemplary commitment and goodwill during the construction work of
the road. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 19 Sep 82 p 1]

BATTLE VICTORY--The heroic Eritrean People's Liberation Front [EPLF] has
attacked Dergue forces which were moving out of (Halhal), (Tseazega),

(Adi Selam) and (Keren). The EPLF attacked the Dergue force moving out of
Halhal on 23 September 1982, forcing it to retreat. In this engagement,

the Dergue force was supported by bomber aircraft and helicopter gunships.
The Dergue force lost 40 soldiers killed and another 100 wounded. Three
Dergue soldiers, 14 assault rifles, 1 rpg [word indistinct] and 1 pistol
were captured. Meanwhile, a Dergue force which moved out of Tseazega toward
Adi Selam to harass people in the liberated areas was attacked on [words
indistinct] by our heroic fighters and members of the peoples militia of the
EPLF. In this attack, nine Dergue soldiers were either killed or wounded
and the rest forced to disperse and retreat. [Text] [EA282118 (Clandestine)
Voice of the Broad Masses of Eritrea in Amharic 1900 GMT 28 Sep 82]

cso: 3403/3 18



SOMALIA

"BBC' CRITICIZED FOR ARABIC SERVICE OVER DFSS
EA012134 (Clandestine) Radio Kulmis in Somali to Somalia 1800 GMT 1 Oct 82

[Excerpts] Our name is the Democratic Front for the Salvation of Somalia [DFSS]
that is the topic of our commentary.

Last Monday, 27 September 1982, the Arab service of the BBC discussed the
question of the Horn of Africa, quoting its correspondent. The BBC seemed
not to know the true situation in Somalia, although the British broadcasts
are known for their knowledge of political changes in the Horn of Africa
and Somalia in particular.

The BBC Somali section, highly respected by the Somali people before its
present staff made it a Siad mouthpiece; BBC focus on Africa of the BBC;

VOA; West Germany's DEUTSCHEWELLE; Radio Moscow, and other radio stations
including those of the Arab world as well as famous news agencies like REUTERS
and AFP always talk realistically on the true situation in the Horn of AFrica,
in particular as it affects Somalia. No world radio stations, news agencies
or newspapers have ever misreported the name of the DFSS. The BBC Arabic
service on 27 September 1982, discussing the situation in Somalia, misreported
the true situation there. The whole report was biased against the DFSS,

In its report on Somalia the BBC Arabic service referred to the SSDF-led armed
struggle of the Somali people against the Siad Barre regime calling it:
jabhatun demoqaradia eshtrakiya; translated into Somali this means Democratic
Socialist Front. It is amazing, laughable and despicable for the BBC to say
such a thing.

The front leading the armed struggle against the moribund regime of Siad Barre
is called in Somalia: (jabhada demoqaratigh badbadinta somaliyeed); in Arabic:

(jabhatun demoqradiya 1i inqadu somal), the Democratic Front for the Salvation
of Somalia;in English: Somali Salvation Democratic Front,

cso: 3403/5

47



INGWAVUMA CHIEF WARNED AGAINST INCITING PEOPLE

SWAZILAND

Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 13 Sep 82 pp 1, 16

[Text ]

cso

KANGWANE’S pro-
unification politician, Mr
David Lukhele has warned
an Ingwavuma chief to stop
inciting people about
bloodshed.

Mr Lukhele also warned
Chief Johannes
Mngomezulu that it was
dangerous and unwise to
play with bloodshed.

Chief Johannes should
stop instigating peopl
and unnecesarily showing
us his guns. It is dangerous
to play with bloodshed, to
insult and incite people,”
warned Mr Lukhele.

In a_ statement issued
from Pretoria, Mr Lukhele
reminds Chief Johannes
that after all he (Chief
Johannes) is not the rightful
Chief of the Mngomezulu
people in that area.

Mr Lukhele, a former
member of KaNgwane’s
Executive Council in charge
of community affairs, also
dismissed KwaZulu’s claim
of the Ingwavuma district.

“It does not help us or
them to threaten us with
bloodshed and to incite
people..."” he said.

Mr Lukhele also reje sted

4700/1965

reports by —_—_ certain
newspapers that
Swaziland’s land claim
from South Africa was
denied that
Swaziland’s claim was a
polticial bargain designed
to curtail ANC activities or
to join South Africa's
constellation of states.

Mr Lukhele also referred
to submissions made by the
KaNgwane Executive
Council to the Van der Walt
Commission in 1979.
Among other things, he
said the council members
submitted that areas such as
Ingwavuma and Pongola
east of Piet Retief,
presently administered by
the KwaZulu government
were part of Swaziland.

Mr Enos Mabuza, then
Chief Executive Councillor
for KaNgwane also signed
the submission which also
stated: “With the
establishment of _ the
KwaZulu Legislative
Assembly, the Ingwavuma
area was made part of
KwaZulu...”

The council member also
stated that the KaNgwane

92

government was friendly
with the KwaZulu
leadership and the people of
KwaZulu in general.

“We, therefore, would
not like that the issue of the
Ingwavuma area’ should
create a wedge between the
KaNgwane and the
KwaZulu governments or
between the Swazis and the
Zulus,”’ they submitted.

The council _ members
also felt: “Since — the
Ingwavuma tribes and land
belonged to the Swazis
outside Swaziland,
KaNgwane should. be
compensated for the land
lost through ceding of
Ingwavuma to KwaZulu.”

Mr Lukhele stated that
Swazis were not simply
demanding land from
South Africa in order to
secure an outlet to the sea
or other advantages but are
claiming what belongs to
them historically.

He said even those people
in KaNgwane who are
opposed to the
incorporation of
KaNgwane into Swaziland
agree that Ingwavuma
belongs to the Swavis



Jaona was particularly harsh about the remarks of an AKFM/KDRSM [Congress
Party for Malagasy Independence-Democratic Committee To Support the Malagasy
Socialist Revolution] newspaper following the FFKM [éxpansion unknown] congress
in Antsirabe. For that "Marxist" organ of the press, in fact, "the Church
should not meddle in politics!"

"I am not at all in agreement with that," Jaona said. "The soul is in the
human body. It is a whole. If the body is not maintained, the soul is
nothing, as the Gospel says." (Raha noana ny nofo, mivezivezy ny fanahy.)

These were the main lines of the no-holds-barred meeting of Remanindry Jaona
with the press. The least that one can say is that the approaching election
campaign promises to be lively. One will have a better idea when one has
also learned the respective positions of the MFM [Militants for the Establish-
ment of a Proletarian Regime] and the Vonjy Iray Tsy Mivaky.

11,464
cso: 4719/1425

30



denigrating socialism and the march
along its path, has become « deafen-
ing cry that does net interrupt even
for a brief moment,

It is clear that the overall intent
of all their endeavours is to usher in
@ new war which would leed to toial
destruction ond thereby attack revo-

THe
atl
Huu
rin Hi tak

Platforms, Their sinister attempt te
disrupt the 19th OAU summit of
heads of states last July is to be re
membered in this connection. Nevar.
theless, it has been possible te ennul
their eoll plot by postponing the
to @ future date.

i

the Palestinian people, who had for
long been languishing tn search of
Justice, under the ausplees ef US
imperialism did neither distress mor
Grouse mest of the neighbouring rich
Arab countries to protest. Had ie not
been @ question eof class interests,

14

they would not have hesitated te stand
by the side of the Pelestinien people
with whom they have closer linguis-
tic and cultural affinity.

In general, countries that are now
found under the yoke of neo-coloni-
elism have meen made to ally them-
selves shamelessly with their former
colonizers or with US imperialism.
Moreover US imperialism has openly
taken its stand by the side of notori-
ously reactionary stafes and particu.
larly highly strategic ones like racist
regime of South Africa and the gor.
rament of Zionist Isracl. The fact
that US imperialism has, by using
its Veto power, prevented even the
UN from condemning these notori-
ous reactionary states and actually
provided them with protection to wa-

falls essry cut their willis @

we wi s
Had US imperialism truly hed the
slightest sense of responsibility, it
would not have in the first place made
such wild outcries about the violation
of human rights when peoples strug-
gle for their rights and freedoms and
then hypocritically given every assist.
ance ranging from diplomatic support
to the most modern armamen's to
Israel in its atrocities and oceupa’ion
of Beirut and to racist South Africa
in its invasion of Angola.

While committing all these outra-
ges, the imperialists have not slackened
their propaganda campaign to win the
support of the peoples of their respec
tive countries, Yet, they have utterly
failed. Particularly at present’ the
question of peace is uppermost on the
agenda of peoples in the entire Euro-
pean continent and Japan.

In this regard, the Soviet Union has



Referring to last month's meeting between the prime minister, Mr P.W. Botha,
and King Zwelithin of the Zulus, the statement added: "It has in the meantime
been agreed that a commission under former chief justice Rumpff will be
appointed to investigate and report on the conflicting claims in respect of...
Ingwavuma."

But it concluded in a clear reference to Swaziland's claims on Kangwane: "The
South African and Swaziland governments are proceeding with negotiations which
began before Swaziland's independence,”

Mr Ray Swart, acting leader of the progressive Federal Party, yesterday called
on Mr Botha to abandon his plans to cede territory to Swaziland in return for
Swaziland's acceptance of South African blacks as citizens.

He said of the judgment: "I am delighted. I think it emphasizes the gross
recklessness and the unseemly haste with which the South African Government
prepared the way for its clandestine deal with a foreign government."

On Mr Rumpff's scheduled commission, Mr Swart said: "It must act as a
restraint on the government. The government surely cannot take any steps to
prejudice the findings of the commission."

Doctor Laurence Boulle, of the University of Natal Law Faculty, said whether
the commission would prevent Pretoria from taking further steps to take
control of Ingwavuma would depend on whether it was given official status
under the commissions act.

If it were, Pretoria would be restrained in law from taking further action
until the commission submitted its findings. If not, the restraints would

be those of political pressure and morality.

Leaving aside the complicating issue of the commission, Pretoria has three
options on Ingwavuma:

--It can consult with Kwazulu as required by the National States Constitution
Act.

--It can pass legislation providing for its excision from Kwazulu--against
which there can be no appeal to the courts, as parliament is sovereign and
its laws, as distinct from administration proclamations, cannot be tested in
court.

--It can abandon altogether its plans to cede Ingwavuma.

cso: 3400/27

58



CHAD

SUDAN AIRWAYS RESUMING ACTIVITIES
Ndjamena INFO TCHAD in French 4 Sep 82 pp 5-6
{Article: "Sudan Airways in Ndjamena: Another Window on the World"]

[Excerpts] Sudan Airways is resuming its operations in Chad. A weekly flight
connects Ndjamena to Khartoum every Wednesday. The line is serviced by a
153-seat Boeing 707 (with 12 first-class seats). Once a week, it unloads 7

tons of freight. Mr T.I. Taha, the representative who arrived in our capital
on the first flight, considers that the Khartoum-Ndjamena~Kano-Khartoum line

is very important. It ensures communications between Sudan and Chad, two
brother countries. It enables Chadians to take the shortest and least expensive
route to areas in Africa, the Near East or Europe. Thus, a Chadian passenger
landing in Khartoum can immediately take a connecting flight to Cairo, Abu Dabi,
Nairobi, Djedda or London. In a word, traffic between Ndjamena and Khartoum
provides Chad with a window, not only on Sudan but on the whole world.

Since the facilities of Sudan Airways in Ndjamena have been destroyed, the
Sudanese businessman is negotiating with Air Afrique to obtain temporary use
of theirs, as a form of cooperation between airlines. In a first stage, seat
reservations and ticket sales will take place through Air Afrique. In this
respect, Mr Taha pointed out that the agreement his company has signed with
Air Afrique would have been signed with the national airlines, Air Tchad,

if it operated normally.

A member of the International Association of Air Transport, Sudan Airways
complies with the tariffs set by this organization. Nevertheless, it is
willing to give favorable terms to its clients. The traveller going from
Ndjamena to Khartoum will pay 83,900 francs for his ticket. If he plans to
say there a month, his roundtrip ticket will cost him 110,000 francs. (CHADIAN
PRESS AGENCY)

9294
CSO: 4719/1412



he was made to stand behind the door and it was opened so that he was banged
by it. Dr L Robertson told the court he examined Mr Potgieter on March 20.
He found a bruise on his left cheeck with evidence of bleeding inside the
mouth. There was a bruise on the back of his left elbow and bruising on his
knees and thighs. He also had some tenderness on his left side. The hearing
was adjourned until October 28. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English

24 Sep 82 p 4]

CHAMUSSO TRIAL POSTPONED--THE Mozambican terrorism and murder trial held in
the Pretoria Supreme Court has been adjourned to October 15 at the request

of the prosecution team. Mr Rogerio Hoffsani Chamusso (32), a Mozambican
citizen also known as Patrick Shange, has been charged with two counts of
murder and three other charges under the Terrorism Act. Appearing before

Mr Justice A P Myburgh, the accused has pleaded not guilty to all the charges.
[Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 24 Sep 82 p 3]

CHARGES WITHDRAWN--A FORMER detainee, who appeared in a Johannesburg regional
court yesterday on allegations of furthering the aims of a banned organisation,
had charges against he withdrawn on instructions by the Attorney-General.

Miss Baby Penelope Tyawa (23) was arrested on August 25 this year and was
remanded the next day pending further investigation of a case against her.
Miss Tyawa, of Dube, Soweto, was previously detained on November 23, 1979,

and released the following year on April 14, after about five months in de-
tention. She was not charged. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 24 Sep
82 p 2]

JABU RELEASED--MR JABU Ngwenya, 28-6ear-old organiser for the General and
Allied Workers' Union (Gawu), who was detained in November last year, has
been released after almost a year in detention without trial. While still

in detention in June this year, Mr Ngwenya was subpoenaed by a Johannesburg
magistrate, Mr P A J Kotze, to testify in the inquest of medical practitioner
and trade-unionist Dr Neil Aggett, who died in detention. [Text] [Johannesburg
SOWETAN in English 24 Sep 82 p 2]

MIGRANT STATISTICS RELEASED--THE CISKEI Manpower Component in Mdantsane has
already placed 40 000 Ciskeians in various categories of jobs in the metropol-
itan areas of South Africa in the 18 months from January 1981 to July 1982,
the director of Manpower Component, Mr C Meyers, said this week. Mr Meyers
said the cumulative earnings of the workers drawn from migrants from the rural
areas totalled R61 912 800. Giving details on the 40 000 workers placed in
18 months, he said workers placed in East London were not included as the

East Cape Administration Board would not approve their placement. It approved
workers from Mdantsane only. The Western Cape had taken the largest comple-
ment of workers this year, accounting for 7 566 by the end of July, followed
by the Eastern Cape with 5 270, Transvaal 1 954, Free State 1 907 and Natal
182. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 23 Sep 82 p 2]

90



NIGERIA

COMMENTARY DISCUSSES RELATIONS WITH BULGARIA
AB180840 Lagos Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 18 Sep 82
[Station commentary]

[Text] One major significant achievement of the state visit was the signing
of the formal trade agreement between Nigeria and Bulgaria. It provides for
further expansion of cooperation between the two countries and an increase in
the purchase of Nigerian goods by Bulgaria. The goods covered by the agree-
ment include petrochemical products, cocoa beans, palm products and other
Nigerian traditional and nontraditional goods.

Direct contacts at governmental and private organization levels are also to be
established. A group of Nigerian businessmen will visit Bulgaria shortly to
concretize the arrangements. Priority sectors of the Nigerian economy are
expected to receive greater Bulgarian involvement, especially agriculture,
the food processing industry, rural electrification and water supply as well
as education, health and the provision of infrastructures.

There is also a provision in the agreement to forge closer cooperation between
Nigeria and Bulgaria in various aspects of tourism and transport. This will
involve the designing and construction of tourism projects, the training of
Nigerian personnel in railways, ports and highways construction and management.

One area of caution, however, concerns indications given by the Bulgarian
side that it will like to conclude barter deals on the basis of which their
goods and services will be exchanged for Nigerian products. The products be-
ing envisaged include crude oil and raw materials. Incidentally, as develop-
ing countries, Nigerian and Bulgaria have a lot to learn from each other. It
is an accepted fact that with their many years of experience in the industrial
sector, Bulgaria has more to offer with finished products.

Whether the quality of such products measures to Nigerian taste in terms of
standard is a point that should be taken note of during detailed negotiations.
Our past experience in acquiring finished industrial equipment or machinery
from certain countries have been too sad to be overlooked. We cannot, for
instance, afford a situation where we exchange our crude oil for machineries
that would park up [as heard] as soon as they are put into operation because
of lack of spare parts and maintenance facilities. However, should such an

35



TANZANIA

IMPORTANCE OF SELF-SUFFICIENCY IN FOOD PRODUCTION NOTED
Dar es Salaam MZALENDO in Swahili No 552, 12 Sep 82 p1
(Editorial: "Our Views"]

[Text] To be self-sufficient in food is an important matter for any country
which values its independence. Our country is among the countries which value
independence and this independence is guarded by all efforts. By recognizing
the fact that hunger can make a person sell his independence, agriculture in
our nation is being given the importance it deserves.

Agriculture has received great emphasis from the time we obtained independence.
Ten years ago the party issued the slogan "the policy is agriculture." The
emphasis on developing and strengthening agriculture is intended to make our
country self-sufficient in food by using the major assets, good land and water.

There has been success here and there in our agriculture, although it has not
been very great. Evidence of our success is the fact that in our country there
is no person who is dying of hunger, even if sometimes weather conditions have
caused a shortage of food in some areas of our country.

But Tanzanians should be cautious concerning the dangers which can occur when
they do not have their own food. There is only one means [of avoiding these
dangers]: to improve agriculture and increase the effort to produce food.

Recently the government issued a schedule for the implementation of the plan to
restore the economy. In this schedule the Ministry of Agriculture was asked
to prepare a program to obtain sufficient food under the plan for restoring
the economy issued in June this year, Under this schedule, this ministry

was asked to work out a long-term development program in the food sector,

and reports on these programs should be completed by 15 December, this year.

Other responsibilities which confront the Ministry of Agriculture are those
carried out in cooperation with the Office of the Prime Minister to see to
food aid agreements, make recommendations concerning the tasks of the Milling
Company, the cooperatives and the crop authority in order to develop the
purchase and management of food.

97°



Shagari and his host, President Ceausescu, underlined the impact of the joint
commission in promoting Nigeria-Romania cooperation in many fields.

The communique specifically stated that the commission's role as a decision-
making and coordinating body in the sphere of bilateral trade and cooperation
should be enhanced in the future. To that end, a meeting of the commission,
the fifth in the series, has been fixed for the first quarter of next year in
Bucharest.

On international relations, it was Nigeria's minister of external affairs,
Professor Ishaya Audu, who summarized the extent to which Nigeria and Romania
share identical views on world affairs. According to him, by and large there
is hardly any major difference between the two countries on many of the
pressing problems facing the international community. He emphasized that
Romanian and Nigerian diplomats at the United Nations, for example, regularly
consult each other on how to approach several international issues. The com-
munique signed in Bucharest testified to the fact that the two countries per-
ceived solutions to many global problems from the same angle. They jointly
expressed their displeasure over the worsening relations among countries
leading to an objectionable recourse to war. Nigeria and Romania also decried
the arms race, lack of progress in eliminating racial discrimination and the
deepening world economic crisis. They are of the view that these problems
must be solved urgently in order to assure international peace and security.

Perhaps the only area in which the countries seem to have some problems is
in the balance of trade. Nonetheless, both nations believe that it is a
situation that can be rectified in the course of expanding commercial con-
tacts. There is every reason to believe that the decision by the two
countries to hold regular discussions can go a long way in identifying areas
in which remedial action will have to be taken to ensure a continuous cordial
relations between both nations. .

CsO: 3400/15

38