Thus, Jonas Savimbi's address began with criticism of the UNITA cadres who

have not succeeded in carrying out the mobilization of the people at strategic
points in the national territory which UNITA has found it difficult to penetrate.
He gave the example of Luanda, where UNITA rebels were captured and shot. But

he cited Huambo, Mochico and Bie’ (erroneously called. Quito, according ‘to Savimbi),
as towns in which the UNITA troops and cadres have done good work.

The most severe criticism was made by Savimbi regarding the intelligence depart-
ment, the party's informational system. The Department of Intelligence and
Propaganda will cease to use the term "propaganda." - According to Jonas Savimbi,
UNITA must only engage in intelligence. However, there are difficulties, as
he admitted. UNITA (its leader claimed) "has more information than MPLA has

on what is happening in Angola," but it has not succeeded in "conveying a

tenth of the truth to'the world."

Amid the criticism of intelligence, Savimbi suddenly brought up the issue of
UNITA's internal divisions, declaring specifically that, when he went to the
U.S., there were some who upheld propositions different. from his regarding the
profile of the party's leadership. But, in his opinion, only UNITA's present
leadership is equipped to hold talks with MPLA. Here, in a more direct reference
to isolated meetings between members of UNITA and MPLA, there may have arisen
the idea that the negotiations would be easier without Savimbi and without

Nzau Puna (UNITA's secretary general), the party's number two man. Savimbi
remarked, in his theatrical oratorical style reminiscent of Samora Machel, that
UNITA must produce a leadership with political awareness.

And immediately thereafter, Savimbi gave an unexpected example: “I was in
Portuguese territory enroute from the U.S., and I had occasion to read a
pamphlet of the election campaign for the presidency of the republic in that
country, entitled '10 Reasons to Vote for Mario.Soares.' On the other side. of
the pamphlet there were the 10 reasons for not voting for Freitas do Amaral.
Then I said: 'Mario Soares will'win.' That is an example of political awareness.
Political awareness is necessary. The Angolan people are entitled to expect
that awareness of us; an awareness capable of conveying a sense of what others
do not understand."

“What is UNITA's strength?" Jonas Savimbi asked the question again, and then
stressed: "A strategy cannot be devised without our first carefully counting
and well defining what our strength is."

Anticipating the decisions of the congress, Jonas Savinbi defined what he
interprets "UNITA's strength" to be.

"What is happening in Southern Africa has and will have a very strong impact
on UNITA, but the future of the Angolan situation will also influence the
situation in Southern Africa."

Among the issues involving the external area posed for the congress’ considera-
tion, Jonas Savimbi called attention to the possibility that ‘Kaunda's Zambia

14



attacked arbitrarily by Renamo. Zimbabwe has reduced in Mozambique its troops
which fight the resistance movement together with Frelimo so that only the
railroad and pipelines it needs to get to the Mozambique port of Beira are
still guarded. And many thousands of Mozambique citizens flee to South Africa
to get away from the civil war and to get food.

In spite of its weak economy, Botswana is experiencing growth, But even this
country remains vulnerable to the implications of what punitive measures
against South Africa could do to its economic stability.

Unthinking

And it is on that already difficult situation that the proponents of sanctions
want to place the further burden which will follow inevitably if South Africa
is forced to put its own interests first and, for example, send foreign neigh-
bor workers back to their already impoverished countries.

It can only be because of gross shortsightedness that the Western countries

on the sanction wagon have apparently not kept in mind the implications of
strong actions against Southern Africa. A further economic decline in the
subcontinent can benefit only one party: the Soviet Union, which realizes the
gains it could make from a situation of increasing chaos in South and Southern
Africa. The Communists’ strategy all over the world has always been to let a
region blow up and then to step in and try to turn it to good account.

Dirty Work

It cannot be a coincidence that hardly a word has been heard from the Kremlin
during the whole sanction storm against South Africa. It is clear that the
Soviet leaders realize that if they so much as make a sound in favor of sanc-
tions, its proponents might perhaps think twice.

That is why the Kremlin is quiet. It is probably laughing because the West
is doing its dirty work, That is, to say the least, amazing.

8463
CSO: 3401/176

35



INDIAN-MADE TRACTORS TO BE ASSEMBLED LOCALLY

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE (Farming) in English 5 Sep 86 p 27

[Text]

/9317
cso: 3400/63

ALOCAL farm equipment com-
pany is to apply for an allocation
to import several India-made
Ford 3600 47hp tractors, to be as-
sembled locally from semi-
knocked-down kits.

One of these units, imported by
Duly and Co in 1985, was present-
ed to Prime Minister Mr Robert
Mugabe by visiting Indian Prime
Minister Mr Rajiv Gandhi at the
Harare Agricultural Show last
week.

‘This unit is now being tested at
the Institute of Agricultural En-
gineering, Hatcliffe, whose interim
report indicates the tractor is of the
same standard as American- and
European-produced ones, said
Duly’s project coordinator Sharna

Rhodes.

‘The SKD kits will be assembled
at Harare’s Willowvale Motor In-
dustries, and the initial local-content
level of some 20% is intended to be
increased, by local manufacture of
those parts that can be produced
economically and satisfactorily.

31

The Indian manufacturers, Es- j
corts Ltd, who make the tractor un-
der licence, have confirthed a
programme .for _ completely
knocked-down kits to be produced |
in India for export to Zimbabwe.

The Indian Ford 3600 has parts
compatability with equivalent units
produced anywhere in the world,
said Ms Rhodes. There are already
161 British-made 3600s in Zim-
babwe, mainly in the small-scale
and commercial areas.

Escorts Ltd, based in New Del-
hi, is one of India’s largest manufac-
turing and engineering companies,

she said. Around 8 000 Indian Ford
3600s are built each year.

The tractor is driven by Ford
three-cylinder water-cooled engine
displacing 2 868cc, and has a 40hp
power-take off developing 540rpm.
‘The vehicle has eight forward and
two reverse gears and can lift
1 200kg on its Category | hydraul-
ic linkage.

ZIMBABWE



nearly 9,000 such visits were carried out and complaints alleging the abuse of
power made up only 2 percent of these,” he said.

Detailing other legal measures governing detentions, he said that in all.cases
the courts still had an inherent right to investigate and decide on any form
of alleged abuse of power and that parliament still remained the highest
authority. “The supreme court is still regarded, and respected, by the state
as the bastion against any abuse of power.”

Mr le Grange said it had become fashionable in certain circles to create an
image of the government as an oppressor of the powerless, and to present the
courts' interpretations of emergency regulations or orders as a clash with the
government. "The regulations are experiencing a vicious and, it seems,
orchestrated attack in the country's courts...every legal argument possibly
imaginable is being used to achieve the negation of specific regulations or
orders.” The viciousness of the attack was emphasized by the fact that 248
applications had been lodged in the courts since the state of emergency wad
declared, while new applications were a daily occurance. Some applications
had led to certain regulations being declared null and void, but many others
had been upheld.

Another factor was that some divisions of the supreme court had determined
some regulations were invalid while others had upheld the same measures, but
the most important aspect was that the contradictory judgments were being
considered by the appeal court. “I want to state again that the executive and
legislative authority of the republic guarantees the independence of the
courts and that the government will honour their judgments,” Mr le Grange
said. However, the question of whether the state was being threatened was the
full responsibility of the government and not in the first instance that of
the courts, and the government was committed to maintaining law and order.

Mr le Grange said he also wanted to emphasize their was no conflict between
the government and the courts, when they made decisions against the state.
“When a court points out a deficiency in a regulation, the government sees
this as a guideline and new, improved regulations are not intended to conflict
with the decision, but only to fill the gap,” he said.

Cites Intimidation As Worst Unrest Problem
MB210749 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1329 GMT 20 Sep 86

[Text] Pretoria, 20 September, SAPA--Intimidation in the black townships was
one of the most difficult aspects of unrest to combat, the Minister of Law and
Order, Mr Louis le Grange, said today.

Replying to discussion at the Transvaal National Party's Congress in Pretoria
on a motion dealing with law and order, he said: “It's not east to counter
this." The most effective way was to ensure an adequate physical presence of
security forces in the townships, with enough men on the scene over a long
period, but there were limits to available manpower.

40



ANGOLA

REPORTAGE ON VARIOUS ECONOMIC SECTORS
Lisbon AFRICA HOJE in Portuguese No 15 Aug 86 pp 27-33
[Article: "Angola-Portugal: Beginning of Rapprochement?"]

[Excerpts] "Our attitude toward Portugal is one of openness, and there have
recently been talks to increase the cooperation," declared the Angolan state
minister for the production area, Pedro Van Dunem, during his recent visit to
Madrid. According to the Angolan minister's statements, Portugal is better
equipped than any other country to participate in all areas of Angola's develop-
ment. Pedro Van Dunem went on to say that the Portuguese businessman holds all
the potential, and that the one thing needed is for Portugal to create financial
and banking mechanisms that would allow for more active participation.

The Angolan leader also announced that a study is well under way on a type of
cooperation involving Portuguese financial participation in enterprises operating
in Angola and. that of Angolan capital in Portuguese enterprises. It should be
noted that the reactivation of the Joint Portuguese-Angolan Commission would appear
to be imminent; something that could afford a greater heightening of the economic
rapprochment between the two countries, which has been damaged for political
reasons.

Meanwhile, in the middle of last month, Luanda was. visited by the Portuguese state
secretary for foreign affairs and cooperation, Azevedo Soares, who discussed with
his Angolan counterpart, Afonso Van Dunem, matters relating to Portuguese foreign
policy, bilateral relations, and issues associated with Southern Africa. Both
Angola and Portugal attribute major significance to this visit, part of a Portu-
guese "offensive" which also took Azevedo Soares to Maputo.

Austerity and Cooperation

The MPLA Central Committee, meeting at the end of June in the Angolan capital,
again recommended a reinforcement of the austerity measures in the spending on
cooperation and technical assistance.

The reasons which prompted the Angolan authorities to make a large-scale curb
on spending are associated with the decline in the price of of1 which brought



have reached the stage in our armed liberation struggle where the fighting
against the forces of oppression and exploitation can no longer be left to the
same combatants of Umkhonto We Sizwe alone. The situation demands that all
our people must come in. All of us must be parts of Umkhonto activities.

However, there are still some people who still maintain that Botha is too
strong and that we cannot hope to defeat such a so-called powerful army in
the continent. In explaining that aspect of our peoples war, the commissar
of our army, Comrade Chris (Tendesile) Hani, says that although we, the
oppressed, started this war at a disadvantageous position because the enemy
is well entrenched, we however, have the advantage of numbers,

[Begin Hani recording] We, as the oppressed, to give this struggle a proper
appraisal [words indistinct] many disadvantages. The first disadvantage is
that we are fighting an enemy which is well armed, and enemy that has had a
long time to organize itself into a formidable military power, the most
formidable probably in Africa. For that. reason we have what to fight this
enemy? Then, what is our strongest weapon in fighting the enemy"? Our
standard weapon in fighting this enemy is our numbers, The fact the majority,
more than 70 percent of the people, are oppressed, therefore [word indistinct]
they have no right whatsoever in making the laws of the country. They have no
right whatsoever in shaping the economy of the country. In fact [words
indistinct] therefore, the common denominator and that common denominator is
around common grievances, around their common suffering. So, that is the
first point to consider in a people's war. The fact that we have got this
factor, this constant factor of the people, all angry, all bitter, all
resenting the fact that they are oppressed.

Now, a movement which is the vanguard of that struggle to destroy the racist
apartheid system has got to make use of this important factor of the majority
of the people being oppressed, being exploited, being harassed and brutalized
every day. Now, the ANC takes this factor into consideration in formulating
its policies vis-a-vis a people's war. The first ingredient, comrades,
therefore, in a people's war is the people themselves, the generating of an
understanding that. they themselves have got to sacrifice, they have got to he
organized, they have got to support the struggle for liberation in a number
of ways. [end recording]

This year has been declared by our vanguard movement as the year of Umkhonto
We Sizwe. Comrade Chris in this discussion proceeds to explain the nature of
the membership of this army. He mentions that combatants of this army are
not conscripted people, but they represent the highest. in political ‘con-
sciousness in the organization. They are those who have realized the need
to face the enemy gun for gun, those who are prepared to learn the art of
warfare.

[Begin Hani recording] The ANC has formed this army. This army is the arny
of the ANC, because the basic task of this army is to carry out the instrucn
tions of the ANC. This army is in Soweto, by the program, by the ideology,
and by the principles of the ANC. To this army of the ANC, Umkhonto We Sizwe,

68



SOUTH AFRICA

SAP TRAINING 1,000 SPECIAL OFFICERS FOR TOWNSHIP DUTY
Sent to Fight ‘Comrades'
MB210939 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0834 GMT 21 Sep 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 21 Sep (SAPA)--One thousand “special constables,"
who learn how to be policemen on a 3-week crash course, are to be armed
with guns and sjamboks and sent into black townships to take on the
"comrades." But their lack of training does not mean they will be a
stopgap force. Police spokesmen say the men will have the same powers. and
authority as fully-trained police force members, who go through a year's
instruction.

The special force is being trained by South African Police instructors at
a site adjoining Koeberg nuclear power station in the Western Cape.

An SAP spokesman, Brigadier Jap Venter, confirmed that the special
constables--all black--were being trained to help maintain law and order
in the townships, but said that there was "nothing sinister" about it.
“They are simply being trained to make the long arm of the police force a
little bit longer," said Brigadier Venter.

The men were being trained next to the nuclear plant because of the lack
of facilities at Hammanskraal, where black policemen are normally trained.
Koeberg was chosen because it had available accommodation--formerly
contractors living quarters--and because the terrain was the most suitable
for training.

ESCOM [Electricity Supply Commission] said the police had moved into the
disused compound outside Koeberg.

Brigadier Venter confirmed that the constables, once trained, would be
armed with guns ‘and sjamboks and that they would work under the supervision
of the regular members of the police force. The SAP would also pay the
constables salaries in accordance with the provisions of the Public

Service Act.

"We have not decided exactly where the policemen will work as soon as
their training is completed," said General Bert Wandrag, head of the SAP
countér-insurgency unit. "But obviously we will use the constables where
we have more problems than usual."

50



The former certainly did not lead South Africans over the mountain to the new

romised land (such visions are simply no longer possible when politics are
in a phase of negotiations for concensus), but it did reconfirm basic assump-
tions, it did not shrink away from reform, it sent a strong message of
intention to maintain law and order, and it stood firm against interference
from abroad so that a solution forged in South Africa can be found,

So this platform is well balanced and obvious as far as the byelections or
even general elections are concerned. Just as important for the voters is
the fact that the NP finally displayed such unity. Voters at the polls not
longer need to wonder what faction they are voting for.

In contrast, there is extreme confusion in the right's view of things. There

are so many opposing standpoints and approaches that a vote for the right
comes down to a blank check.

In Kliprivier the KP has been trailing the HNP. In the event of an HNP
victory, would it mean that voters reject the entire political era of
Vorster, as the HNP does and the KP has probably wanted to, but does not know
how to survive its crisis of credibility?

Would this also mean that, like the HNP, voters reject the Boer state, which
is starting to appear a tempting possibility to the KP? Just think of how
many supporters of a people's state were there when the KP was made a
coalition party how how they are now starting to show themselves.

Would this furthermore mean that the militant AWB would be rejected, as the
HNP does, while the KP continues to confer with it?

Little political differences? These are basic political difference which
cannot coexist in a single candidate.

That is exactly why the KP's Transvaal congress was such an anticlimax. This
is the party that challenges the government daily to hold an election, but
what does the KP do, knowing that Kliprivier is coming up and that the state
president has stated that an election can held sooner than expected?

It slams the door and does not bring clarity to the conflict on the Boer
state or to the issue of what principles will be sacrificed for the ideal of
greater unity on the right.

No one should be surprised that this is the KP's mechanism for self
preservation. It knows it is caught in between a policy that it cannot
articulate (since it would defy reality) and a head over heels which will
turn the KP over to either the HNP or the AWB. And where does this leave Dr.
Andries Treurnicht as the "political prophet" of separation from the NP?

All of these contradictions and conflicts on the right unite the HNP in the

Kliprivier byelections, which is assumed to be a basic test of the direction
for Afrikaners and South Africa,

48



SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY ON IMPASSE IN RACE RELATIONS
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 21 Aug 86 p 10
[Column "My View" by J. S, Liebenberg: "There are 8551 Reasons"]

[Text] There is little doubt that the announcement of 8551 names of persons
detained without a hearing came as a shock to most South Africans.

Consider that the actual number is more like 12,000--not including those
already released or held less than 30 days--and you get an indication of
the dimensions of the assault on this country from within.

If despite all the gruesome violence, the intimidation and the riots there
still could be any doubt about the necessity of the special powers to
maintain order, the sheer number of arrests should dispell it.

The governmenet's most important obligation is to ensure the security of
the state and to maintain law and order in the community.

The president has committed his government to this by declaring a state of
emergency. But the publication of the names in accordance with the public
security law and the special debate tomorrow about the state of emergency
also confirm his commitment to respect the parliamentary system and
democratic principles.

However, controlling the riots and maintaining law and order with special
forces is not the same as restoring peace, law and order. To do so one must
dig deeper, down to the causes of the revolt. An analgesic may bring
temporary relief of the symptoms, but a cure requires extensive diagnosis,
followed by appropriate treatment, or even an operation if necessary.

The 8551 and their other companions can be seen as the symptoms of South
Africa's serious political illness. They are being arrested because of
their actions, but also because of the influence they exert on their communities.

The consequence is that we do not have ordinary individuals here, these are

between 8000 and 12,000 leaders in the black communities. They are
motivated persons full of convictions who have undertaken a struggle for an
ideal in which they believe passionately, against a regime which in their
eyes is repressive and a barrier on the way to the kind of freedom they are
striving for.

A question then arises which should lead to deep concern and serious
consideration: how many blacks do these almost 12,000 leaders represent?

54



SOUTH AFRICA

RADIO COMMUNICATIONS TRAINING SYSTEM INTRODUCED
Pretoria PARATUS in English Sep 86 p 53

[Article by L Cpl D.R. Kneen]

[Text]

A computer-based radio communications training system, which
simulates live situations in the classroom, was recently Installed at

1 Signals Regiment in Heidelberg.

The simulator developed by Reunert
Technology-Systems (Reutech) will allow
for speedy and cost effective instruction
of troops training in radio work, as it util-
ises hardware which costs only a fraction
of the simulated equipment.

The computer, called the MAPS simula-
tor, consists of an instructor's console in-
corporating a computer, an electronic
switch and a VDU, all linked to training
booths. Employing sophisticated, user-
friendly software which is easily program-
med and updated, the instructor can ma-
nipulate communications and alter simu-
lated field conditions for up to 20 trainees
at a time, monitoring their activities either
as individuals:or as part of a net.

The instructor can, for instance, alter
signal to noise ratio, fading depth and
rate, jamming, signa! strength and time of
day. He can access at a glance from his
console how each trainee is coping with
the changes.

The operator's cubicle comprises the
front panel of a radio, a headphone and
an appropriate interface.

Three different levels of training can be
handled by the simulator: operator train-
ing, user training and network planning.
Operator training teaches the basic use of
the radio controls and their respective
functions. Should the trainee operator set
any control incorrectly, the instructor can
detect the error at once. He can call the
trainee via the radio line, send him a
message via the display, or guide him to
cope with varying situations. As a last re-
sort, the trainee can press the “Help” but-
ton for immediate assistance.

58

One of the most useful exercises at this
level is the simulation which can be dealt
with in the space of an hour. In user train-
ing, real channel simulation of noise,
poor signal strenghts, interference, fad-
ing and jamming is introduced. The in-
structor can teach correct speech pro-
cedures and when using frequency hop-
ping radios — synchronisation, monitor-
ing individuals or channels. He can also
teach jammer evasion techniques, net
verification, late entry, and other com-
munication procedures.

Network Planner Training is aimed at
the signals planning level. The training or
signals officer can set up @ communice-
tions plan on a digitised terrain map. Us-
ing a control called “the mouse” to draw
contours, vegetation and obstacles, he
can create real or imaginary terrain in
which radio stations are positioned, each
characterised by a call sign and radio

type.

The signals officer can then choose ap-
propriate frequency and power, with the
selection of antenna type as well as its di-
rection and height above ground. The re-
‘sult is an overall communications picture
where communication parameters can be
evaluated, either as part of anet or in re-
lation to one particular station.


Marketing

It goes without saying that security actions, which now require sharp atten-
tion from the best legal brains the government can depend on, are not the only

answer.
This will also have to go hand in hand with political actions.

All in all, there will have to be more effective marketing if there is any-
thing that South Africa still can manage that way. Anyone who underestimates
the significance of the propaganda war in the struggle for South Africa runs
the risk of losing the battle.

8463
CSO: 3401/176

46



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

UNITA AGAINST MILITARY CONVOY TRAVEL--Foreigners, nationals, missionaries,
and peasants are all advised to stop travelling in military convoys so

that they do not have to face our firepower. This was disclosed in a
communique issued by the Chief of General Staff last Saturday. This latest
warning was published on the occasion of the capture of a considerable number
of missionaries in Bie province on 14 September. They were captured in
similar circumstances and were later freed near Chinguar village, between
Huambo and Bie provinces, along the Benguela railroad. The statement goes
on to say that as long as the MPLA refuses to negotiate peace with UNITA,
the conflict's intensity can only increase. This is regrettable for
innocent people caught in the crossfire. It adds that UNITA has in the past
repeatedly appealed to the clergy and civilian population to take these
warnings seriously. [Text] [(Clandestine) KUP in French to Southern and
Central Africa MB 1200 GMT 23 Sep 86] /12624

TWO YOUTH DELEGATIONS VISIT GDR--A JMPLA [Youthwing of the MPLA Labor Party]
delegation led by Domingos Bartolomeu, JPMLA first secretary and member

of the MPLA-Labor Party Central Committee, is in the GDR attending the
second (Journeys) of Friendship and Solidarity. The (?journeys) of
Friendship and Solidarity. The (?journeys) are sponsored by the Free German
Youth organization and will discuss issues related to holding the World
Festival for Youth and Students. Meanwhile, another JMPLA delegation is in
the GDR and has visited some industrial complexes in the (Halle) District
of the (Mansfeld) mineral region. The delegation, led by Pedro Manuel
Pacavira, has also visited the industrial capital of Eisleben where they
learned about the measures being taken to preserve the historic and
cultural heritage of the German people. Yesterday afternoon, the delegation
visited young families living in several areas of the (Mansfeld) District
and held talks with Free German Youth's grassroots organizations. [Text]
[Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1900 GMT 26 Sep 86 MB] /12624

ANGOP SIGNS COOPERATION PACT--In Prague yesterday the news agencies ANGOP of
Angola, and CTK of Czechoslovakia signed a cooperation protocol. The protocol
is an indication of the already existing links of cooperation between the

two agencies, fruit of the excellent relations that bring the Angola and
Czechoslovak peoples increasingly closer. Under the terms of the protocol
ANGOP and CTK agreed to develop greater efforts in order to expand the exchange
of information on the most prominent aspects of the political, economic, social
and cultural development of the respective countries. A similar accord is
scheduled to be signed between ANGOP and VNA of Vietnam at the end of the visit
that ANGOP's director general has been making to that country since Tuesday.
[Text] [Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 0500 GMT 25 Sep 86 MB] /12624

cso: 3400/66
18


SOUTH AFRICA

SADF DISCLAIMS MILITARY PACT WITH MOROCCO

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 7 Sep 86 p 9

[Text]

/9317

HARARE — A military pact between
South Africa and Morocco has existed
“at least since 1977”, says the Foreign
Ministry of the Saharawi Arab Demo-
cratic Republic.

‘According to the treaty, says the min-
istry, Morocco agreed to provide a
training camp for Unita and South Afri-
ca offered to provide instructors to train
Moroccan soldiers.

Mr Omar Mansour told a news con-
ference in Harare on Friday night that
“we found this out when we began to
capture South African weapons from the
Moroccan troops”, the semi-official
news agency Ziana reports.

A SA Defence Force spokesman in

Pretoria dismissed the claims.
“This allegation is typical of the kind

cso: 3400/38

of statements which have flowed with
monotonous regularity from the Non-
Aligned Movement conference currently
being held in Harare.

“The allegation is so ludicrous that it
does not warrant comment.” :

“Captured Moroccan. soldiers have
told us that there are South African in-
structors in bases in southern Morocco,”
said the minister. 3

“In exchange for this aid, Morocco
has offered the South African-backed
Unita bandits a training camp | in south-
ern Morocco,” he said.

This alliance was “completely logi-

cal”, said Mr Mansour, “since Morocco’
and South Africa are the only countries
on the continent outside the OAU, be-
cause they do not respect the principles
of the continental body.” — Sapa.

36


SOUTH AFRICA

ANC COMMANDER HANI EXPLAINS 'PEOPLE'S WAR'

EA132119 Addis Ababa Radio Freedom in English to South Africa 1930 GMT
12 Sep 86

[Text] Compatriots, the leaders of our liberation struggle declared this
year the year of the people's army and they called on us to consolidate the
transformation of our armed struggle into a people's war. This is very
vital at this stage, because in the recent past, we have managed to frustrate
all the attempts by the enemy to emasculate our liberation struggle. Our
armed struggle emerged stronger after all the attempts by the regime to put
the clock of history back. Today, even the racists themselves admit that
armed struggle is there to stay in our country. The enemy has been forced by
the popular offensive to concede that it cannot defeat the ANC. This to us
came as no surprise, because we knew our determination to make the ANC strong
by reinforcing it without our best sons and daughters.

Last year, during the year of the cadre, thousands upon thousands of patriots
of our motherland came out in their numbers and threw their weight behind
the liberation struggle. It was a year which saw the greatest ever growth in
the number of our people who joined the struggling ranks of the democratic
movement on all corners of our country. All Botha'ts repressive measures,
like the state of emergency, mass detentions, and secret killings could not
intimidate our fighting nation. We are today at a time when thousands upon
thousands of our people are prepared to confront the enemy of all fronts. It
is therefore very vital that at this stage we build on the gains we made in
the years before. All the cadres of our movement who took the front positions
in the struggle must now be further organized in the final struggle.

At no time in the history of our country did it become so clear to us [words
indistinct] for us to remove the apartheid system we had to take up arms
{words indistinct]. Who did not see the need for us to avenge the blood

of (Siko Muthi), (Andre Rajisila), and (Benjamin Muluki) sand of the recent
developments who of us does not see the need for avenging the blood of
(Sikutule), (Clarence Payi), and (Moses Azoni)? Who does not see the need for
us to take up arms and confront the perpetrators of the last week's Soweto
massacres? All these atrocities of the enemy coupled up with our deep seated
desire to be free have drawn thousands of our people to the firing line.
More and more patriots are standing ready to take up arms against this
monstrous system. Now is the time for all of us to join in the fighting. We

67



Says Authorities Guarding Against Power Abuse 39
Cites Intimidation As Worst Unrest Problem 40

Education Minister Assesses Status of Black Schools
(SAPA, 20 Sep 86) ceccececcecccccccceccccecceccccerecseces 42

Manpower Minister on New 'Unfair Labor Practice’ Law
(SAPA, 20 Sep 86) wecevceccssceccccsccccrececsccsccecseses 43

Impact of Court Decisions Discussed
(Dawie; DIE BURGER, 2 Aug 86) .cccecececccccececnccccvcece 44

Byelection 'Basic Test' for Direction of South Africa
(Willie Kuhn; BEELD, 21 Aug 86) ..ccecececececececccecsees 47

SAP Training 1,000 Special Officers for Township Duty
(SAPA, 21 Sep 86; Johannesburg Television Service,
22 Sep 86) .crscccccccccccccceccecvcccscccceccrsescrsceecs 50

Sent to Fight 'Comrades' 50
Training Explained 51

New Ships Strengthen South Africa's Fleet
(DIE BURGER, 7 Aug 86) ..ccecceccecccccccccccccccescvecess  d2

Songfest Seen as Example for Interracial Understanding
(DIE VOLKSBLAD, 16 Aug 86) ...cseccccccccccccccssccecceses 53

Commentary on Impasse in Race Relations
(J. S. Liebenberg; DIE VADERLAND, 21 Aug 86) ..cccccceeeee 54

Lesotho Water Project Called Foolish, Expensive
(DIE AFRIKANER, 13 Aug 86) ..cocecscevecscececescssrececes 56

Radio Communications Training System Introduced
(D. R. Kneen; PARATUS, Sep 86) .cccceccccccccccccececceees 58

Briefs
Nuclear Physicist Abroad 60
Nuclear Security Drill Requested 60
Apprenticeship Course for Black Soldiers 60
Pensions of 'Former Rhodesians' Threatened 61
Former Rhodesians Help Break Sanctions 61
_ Property for More Townships 62
Minister on New ID Document 62
Armored Car for Township Use 62

BLACKS

Reportage on FRG, Buthelezi Connection
(SAPA, 12 Sep 86; Umtata Capital Radio, 22 Sep 86) ....... 64

"Attack' by Ambassador—Designate 64
Reported Aid From ‘Secret Fund' 64

-e-



It also means that we have got to organize in our own areas to confront the
enemy in a number of ways: to fight, for instance, against high rents, to
fight against undemocratic education, to organize youth into youth organiza-
tions, to mobilize our people to hate the oppressor, to influence our people
against collaboration with the enemy so that we do not want to work with that
enemy in any possible manner; we do not help the system of oppression to be
effective. In other words, comrades, we feel that millions of our people
should be draw into the struggle at a number of levels, that those who have
got to generate a political consciousness of patriotism, of hatred of the
system of oppression. [as heard]

If you are a worker, for instance, what are your main tasks in a people's
war? Your main task in a people's war if you are a worker is, first of all,
to belong to a democratic trade union to fight for the basic rights of the
workers, to fight against exploitation, to demand better wages and better
working conditions, to ensure that in your factory there is an effective
trade union on the shop floor with stewards who are very, very, you know,
conscious of the needs of the worker in that particular factory.

That is not enough. It is your duty to form the barracks of the ANC in that
factory, underground cells of the ANC. It is your duty to monitor what the
ANC is saying to the oppressed people of our country and be ready to carry

out those instructions of the ANC. It is also your duty to begin in a small
way to set up units of Umkhonto We Sizwe by involving the most conscious of
the workers in that factory where you work. There are a number of things you
can do. The enemy, comrades, should not just be fought because they have got
a gun, or a pistol, or.a grenade, or so.on. We must be very creative and
inventive. We must devise ways effectively [words indistinct] of making the
machinery of oppression and exploitation very difficult [passage indistinct].
For instance if we are working in a factory which produces weapons, vehicles--
trucks which are used by the army and police against us, against the people,
against the oppressed people--you must ensure that there are frequent break-
downs in those machines you operate. You can clog some of them by using sugar
and sand. What is important is that if that particular factory produces, for
instance, a month a hundred trucks, you will have contributed in this people's
war. If, for instance, that factory produces 20 or 30 tanks a month--this is
a general example I am using--for a people's war, comrades, draws into the
struggle all the oppressed.

The youth, for instance, in our country recently in the same period have been
actually carrying out the aspects of the people's war. They have been
clearing our townships of collaborators of the black police and black
councillors, those puppets and agents of the regime who make it easy for

the regime to implement its policies. That is people's war. It is not a
complicated concept. It is the people, all of them, participating in dealing
with the enemy, in destroying his buildings, those administration buildings
where the enemy, for instance, plans all his punitive measures against us,
[end recording]

70



come the most committed cadres of the ANC, those who realize that the most
important weapon to use against the enemy is the gun, that the time has come
for those who have taken this important decision to understand modern weapons,
to understand the rifle, to understand explosives, to understand mines, to
understand mortars, to understand bazookas and other modern weapons.

[words indistinct] comrades, that those who take this decision are those who
are the cream of the organization in understanding the need to make this
important sacrifice, to deprive the enemy of what he has enjoyed so far--the
monopoly of violence. The history of our people comrades, is the history
where the enemy has had the entire monopoly of violence. Now what the ANC
has done has been to change this old chemistry where the enemy has got the
monopoly of violence by building its own army. Now this army, comrades, cannot
succeed against the powerful enemy merely in direct confrontation with that
enemy. Its success depends or revolves around the entire people playing a
role in fighting that enemy, so that when we speak of the people's war we
speak of drawing those multitudes into this struggle.

How do we draw these multitudes into this struggle? We do not merely draw
them into actually participating in Umkhonto We Sizwe, because Umkhonto We
Sizwe has got to be an army of those who have got a very high understanding
of our struggle, those who are ready to make these sacrifices, those who
are parpared to accept the hazard ot this struggle, because the struggle has
got hazards, hazards of complete commitment, hazards of living a certain
type of life, hazards of depriving oneself of the day-to-day--you know--
things that people often enjoy. In other words, comrades, it is a life of
sacrifice. [end recording]

What Chris is saying is Umkhonto We Sizwe is the army of those who are highly
conscious of the need to sacrifice. What, then, is the role of those who
are not yet in its ranks? What is the role of an ordinary workers, an
ordinary student, a man in the street, in the people's war? What

supportive role can they play vis-a-vis the activities of Umkhonto?

[Begin Hani recording] Those others who cannot go into Umkhonto We Sizwe
have got their own role in a people's war. Now, this role, comrades, is as
follows: Our people have got to fight and fighting does not just mean having
a weapon in your hands. Fighting means a number of things: It.means, for
instance, collecting information about the enemy. It means surveying his
movements and finding a way of conveying this information to an organization
in the underground. To those comrades who are everywhere in our country it
is the duty of every South African patriot to fight so that this information
is conveyed. This means, comrades, that when the fighters of Umkhonto We
Sizwe knock at your door you must. be ready to open the door, give them food;
if they need a change of clothes give them the clothes. If they need you,
for instance, to guide them to move out of a dangerous area, that is your
duty. That is fighting a people's war.

69



So that, comrades, when we speak of a people's war, a people's war in a way is
the involvement of the entire people. In other words, the conscious efforts
of everybody who is oppressed is dealing with the enemy in a number of ways.

I have just given a few examples. It is your duty, comrades, to enrich this
concept of a people's war on the ground where you are working by ensuring that
every ounce of our energy is used against the enemy on a daily basis. So
this is our major advantage, in fact of drawing on all the resources of our
people. And-our people number millions, so that we can act against the enemy.
We create also conditions comrades where our army should grow. The people's
army must grow within our own country by people taking their own initiative
to establish MK units. Our MK units which are already existing inside the
country will find ways and means of getting in touch with those units which
have been created out of the initiative of the people. [end recording]

19738
cso: 3400/8

72


ZIMBABWE

CONTINUED WESTERN AID FOR EASING DEFICITS LESS CERTAIN

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German
22 Aug 86 p 2

[Article by ff., Cape Town: "Zimbabwe's Deficit Growing. Western Donor
Countries May Hesitate to Stop Gaps"]

[Text] Zimbabwe's budget estimate for 1986/87, listing 4 billion Zimbabwean
dollars (Z-dollars] in expenditures and about 3 billion Z-dollars in revenue,
shows a deficit of 1.04 billion (1985/86: 692 million) Z-dollars, most of
which must be covered by domestic loans, since only 84 million Z-dollars can
be placed abroad. The value-added tax was cut by 2.5 percent to 12.5 percent,
and the income tax of low-income groups was slightly lowered, according to
the economic journal FINANCIAL MAIL.

Since 1980, when it became a sovereign state, Zimbabwe has received foreign
aid commitments for 2.6 billion dollars; of that amount, 1.6 billion dollars
was paid out by late 1985, according to the Ministry of Finance in Harare,

the country's capital. With 343 million dollars, the United States ranked
first among the donor countries, followed by Great Britain with 221 million
dollars. Some 21 percent of the aid funds disbursed so far was used to support
the balance of payments, 12 percent went for education and 11.5 percent for
the country's industrialization efforts. Since 1980, the state-trading nations
committed total aid of 140 million dollars, 50 percent of which were to come
from China and 25 percent from Yugoslavia.

The ministry indicated that the country would need a total of 4 billion dollars
for investments over the next five years; 40 percent of that amount, or 1.6
billion dollars, would have to come from abroad. However, far-reaching
political controversies between the Western industrial nations and the
government may have put a serious damper on Western willingness to invest

in Zimbabwe.

The Department of Business Studies at Harare University reports that, because
of the country's worsening foreign-exchange situation and the effect this
may have on the import of raw materials for the manufacturing industry,
production in that sector is expected to expand by only 4 percent in 1986
(1985: 11 percent). While, in Z-dollars, its exports increased by 88 percent
between 1980 and 1985, in U.S. dollars, they dropped by 5 percent during the
same time period from 1.1 billion to 1.06 dollars.

29



might allow MPLA invasions in the areas controlled by UNITA, crossing the
Zambian border; but he gave assurance that UNITA would never enter a neighbor-
ing country, even if attacked.

‘Apartheid’ and Sanctions Against South. Africa

Jonas Savimbi subsequently claimed that UNITA favors the. independence of Namibia,
and that the congress would have to make an unequivocal statement. regarding this
issue, heeding the fact that the south will have a hostile regime; headed ‘by
SWAPO. The head of the Angolan rebels gave a reminder that, for along time,
UNITA had trained the Namibian guerrillas. "SWAPO gave us weapons," said
Savimbi," and we gave them training." With regard to South Africa, the UNITA
leader cited the constant state of insecurity in that country, and declared
himself opposed to "apartheid," nevertheless giving the EEC a warning about
economic sanctions against the South African regime: "The West must take care
that South Africa does not become another satellite of the Soviet Union."
Savimbi asked: "Who wants the Soviet Union to gain another position in Africa?"

The UNITA Sixth Congress also debated freedom of religion and a message of
congratulation .for the Catholic Church for the position that it has assumed
in Angola, calling attention to the Protestant Church for not speaking out on
the Angolan tragedy.

Sparing MPLA

Jonas laid the blame for the tragedy on the intervention of the Cubans and the
Soviet Union in Angolan territory. In his attacks, it was noted that the UNITA
leader spared the MPLA, fiercely underscoring the internationalist intervention
in Angolan territory. Before the congress opening, speaking in Jamba with CDS
deputy and head of the Centrist Youth, Manuel Monteiro, who came here at the
invitation of the rebel movement, Jonas Savimbi reportedly declared: "This war
is unjust; Angolans are killing Angolans on behalf of foreign interests." This
has been the tone of his most recent oratorical addresses and speeches at
internal meetings on Angolan territory. He himself says: "No one can talk
about the war, or about peace in Angola, except UNITA and MPLA. We want to
continue talking with MPLA, provided MPLA accepts it clearly. Up until now,
Eduardo dos Santos has only admitted that members from both sides have met.
Santos is head of MPLA, and I am head of UNITA. The head of Angola is missing."

The UNITA Congress, considered the most important one in this phase of the civil
war, will also decide.on the problems involving ‘the administrative system which,
according to Jonas Savimbi, is not operating well. He claims that UNITA has
failed in the distribution of food to the people and the.troops. The rebel
leader claims: "We want to seek self-sufficiency in food.”

Included among the delegates to the UNITA Sixth-Congress are two Angolans with
Portuguese nationality residing in Lisbon, Carlos Fontoura and Miranda Dias.

2909
CSO: 3442/2

15



MOZAMBIQUE

MANDLAKAZE PEASANTS ANNOUNCE MANIOC SURPLUS
Maputo DOMINGO in Portuguese 17 Aug 86 p 3

[Article by Inacio Nhantumbo: "Mandlakaze Peasants: ‘There is too much Maniocs
Come and Get It!'"]

[text] "our greatest problem is what to do with the manioc. We have huge sur-
pluses of it. We can't even feed it all to the pigs. But we hear that there
is hunger in Maputo, and we would like for truck owners to come here and buy
it to help our brothers," said Helene Jorge Munguambe, OMM secretary in Indo-
lene, a small town in Chidenguele about 30 km from the Mandlakaze district
seat in Gaza Province.

We were engaged in a conversation full of humor, surrounded by about two dozen
local residents and their leaders. They found out that we were from Informa-
tion and everyone wanted to talk. They argued about who would speak.

"It's my turn. Bring me a short train like they have in Maputo. I can load
it with manioc from my collective farm alone. All I need is hands to help
me," said Antonio Mbaze, a resident of the village, knowing full well that no
railway serves Indolene.

Since this area is only 20 km from the coast, “About how many boats could you
fill from your collective alone? If you want, I could take you to another
collective 3 km from here. If I left you there alone, you would be lost in
all the manioc for sure," said Albino Carlos Chambule, president of the Eduardo
Mondlane Farming Coop, which has about ten hectares in manioc to sell, adding,
"In Maputo there are adults who weigh only 15 kg because they are starving,
while we have pigs here that are so fat they can't get up. They are eating
the manioc that could be eaten by our brothers."

We asked if they wouldn't like to eat the manioc themselves or use it for some-
thing else, such as making tapioca (usually eaten with manioc flour). Toa
man they said, "We do eat it and the pigs eat it, and we also make tapioca
with it, but we are workers. We cannot eat the same thing every day, because
the corn, sweet potatoes, rice and other foods have to be eaten, too. Haven't
you noticed that you are the skinny ones here? We want truck drivers from
Maputo to come and buy our manioc and save lives.

In an interview with Alberto Langane, Mandlakaze first secretary and adminis—
trator, we learned that in addition to Indolene, the villages of Madender and

21



to is clandestine and done by means of photocopies. Over time, this practice
has contributed to the formation of spontaneous groups in Angola who are being
called “independent democrats."

Until now they had been groups energetically dedicated to obtaining documents
from human rights groups and foreign articles on social communication. Now
the human rights groups are actively seeking information on these groups, and
one of the world's largest Portuguese radio stations broadcasting to Africa
(which has a large audience in Angola) has given them a few minutes of air
time, irritating the powers that be.

An activist that we interviewed, who was visibly surprised at the attention
given to what he called “our modest contribution," stressed that the goal of
this trend of thought is only to "promote a climate conducive to peace and
democracy, so we do not consider ourselves hostile to any Angolan political
force. We only condemn specific cases of human rights violations, the war and
measures contrary to national interests."

The fact is that pressure on Kuito Kuanavale, the number one threat to Mavinga
and Jamba, demonstrates UNITA's fear of the unusually large build-up of FAPLA
men and materiel and the communique issued by the MPLA-PT Politburo reflected
concern over growing criticism expressed by word of mouth and in the distri-
bution of photocopies, whose existence cannot be covered up.

8844
CSO: 3442/306

17



The first effects of Zimbabwe's sanctions on the Cape country were an import
embargo on coal, iron and steel, the discontinuation of air traffic, and a
stop on the contractually guaranteed transfer of retirement pensions and
dividends. The South African response was to handle Zimbabwean exports via
Cape country's ports more slowly and make them more difficult. This should
have a tremendous effect on Zimbabwean foreign trade and make it more expensive
since these shipments consist primarily of maize and tobacco. It seems to

be an illusion, at least at this time, to think that Zimbabwean goods can

be properly handled through the Mozambique port of Maputo.

Due to extended and, timewise, favorable rainfalls, the 1986 crop in 1986
should be significantly larger than anticipated. The Grain Marketing Board,
a state-controlled marketing organization, expects to harvest 1.68 million
tons of maize, i.e., 0.2 million tons more than was predicted as recently

as last March. That would be 0.16 million tons less than in the preseason,
but twice as much as needed to meet domestic requirements. In 1985, Zimbabwe
exported 0.5 million tons of maize, including 0.3 million tons to South
Africa. The crop of "flue cured" tobacco should come to 114 million kilograms
this year, compared with 106 million kilograms last year. That means the

132 million kilogram goal will not be met; however, since prices at the first
auction in Harare turned out to be 11 percent higher than in 1985, prices
for the entire year 1986 are expected to rise by about 18 percent. On the
other hand, the cotton crop, which totaled 295,000 tons last year, would be
down to 251,000 tons. this year. But here again, prices have already begun
to take a strong upward turn.

7821
cso: 3420/58

30



statement made last week by a State Department spokesman in Washington, who
said, "We (the US government) have reasons to believe that the attack (on

Cuito Cuanavale) was launched from Namibia."

8844
CSO: 3442/306

12


SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

UNEMPLOYED REPORT 'EXAGGERATED'--The director general of manpower, Dr Piet
van der Merwe, said allegations that there are 6 million unemployed
people in the country are a gross exaggeration. Dr Van der Merwe told our
Pretoria news staff that the official figure, with the exclusion of the
TBVC [Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda, and. Ciskei] countries, was about
700,000, although several economists were of the opinion that a more
realistic figure was between 1.7 and 2.0 million. However, these figures
included the TBVC countries. He said that unemployment remained a serious
problem which despite the government's attempt to bring relief was also
the responsibility of the private sector. Dr Van der Merwe said the rapid
population growth and the influx of illegal work seekers from neighboring
states were aggravating the problem. Referring to the repatriation of
illegal workers, he said that every effort was being made to trace the
approximately 1.3 million people and to remove them from the labor market.
Dr van der Merwe said that in his opinion the unemployment problem would
not be solved immediately but pointed out that the government had granted
1000 million rand since June last year for the relief of the problem.
[Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1100 GMT 19 Sep 86] /9604

FREE TRADING AREAS IN EAST LONDON--Pretoria, 19 Sep (SAPA)--Three free
trading areas have been proclaimed in East London, one of which is in the
center of the city, the director general of the Department of Constitutional
Development and Planning, Dr Andreas van Wyk, said in Pretoria today.
Details of the areas appear in the Government Gazette, as well as notifi-
cation of the establishment of another free trading area in Nigel. In
terms of the proclamations, certain sections of the group Areas Act are

not applicable in these areas to enable members of all race groups to
"occupy, use or acquire buildings, land or premises," for trading purposes.
[Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 0914 GMT 19 Sep 86] /9604

SPANISH AIRLINE DISCONTINUES FLIGHTS--Johannesburg, 19 Sep (SAPA)--Spain's
national airline, Iberia, tonight confirmed reports that it was withdrawing
flights from South Africa from 1 November. Mr Venceslao Corral, Iberia's
commercial vice-president for Africa, said the decision was a "pure case of
economics." Speaking at a farewell function for tourism industry workers
in Johannesburg, Mr Corral said Iberia had lost R20 million on its Madrid-
Johannesburg route during the 1984/85 financial year, and the airline had
already lost more than this during the current financial year. The move was
part of Iberia's decision to cut back on all unprofitable routes and to
utilise its stock of aircraft for newly opened lucrative routes to the Far
East and the United States. [Excerpt] [Johannesburg SAPA in English

2101 GMT 19 Sep 86] /9604

cso: 3400/33 END
84


In July last year, following the imposition of Botha's state of emergency,
the ANC called on the oppressed to spread the war into white areas. In our
discussion, the army commissar also explained this aspect, noting that in
fact these white colonels and generals are the ones who cook up these plans
which are used against us, which are used against our struggle. Although we
shall continue eliminating the agents of the enemy within our midst, it is
important, says Comrade Chris Hani, to spread the theater of war into white
areas.

[Begin Hani recording] We must not just confine our activities against the
enemy where we stay. We must take this people's war into the ranks of the
enemy. We must [words indistinct] the police in Diepkloof, (Umkhulu),
(Konanda) (West), Guguletu, in Kwazekele, New Brighton, Breede, Kwa Mashu,
who are uncomfortable. Those who are staying in Lower (Porton) in (Hills-
borough), (Manchi), and other places; those who are staying in the suburbs
of Durban, or Cape Town, or Bloemfontein, or Grahamstown, or Port Elizabeth;
those, comrades, who are making this system operative. Those police, the
white police, who are [word indistinct] because they are in charge of the
situation, must be made to feel the wrath of the masses. So we must not
fear to show Botha that the [word indistinct] that they are wrong when they
say that we are just fighting other blacks. That actually we are fighting
that system, but that system is also using blacks, so there is nothing wrong
with dealing with collaborators. One must go beyond that. fend recording]

The other weak point in our offensive against the enemy has been the con-
finement of our offensive in the [words indistinct] urban areas, Comrade
Chris then stresses the need for us to spread our war into the rural areas.
He says more and more combatants must be recruited from the rural population
and the war itself must reach these areas and that puppet administrations must
face the same fate faced by their puppet urban councillors.

{Begin Hani recording] But again, comrades, I think when we discuss people's
war we must be very conscious of the need to draw all our people, not only
the people in the urban areas. There is an imbalance in terms of our
activities, because we have not begun to deal with the rural areas in terms
of [words indistinct] because all of the rural areas are important for the
regime. Already the regime has established a system of apartheid government.
They have drawn [on]the black sheep, the black middle class im the rural area,
then coopted them into the system of oppression, The rural areas, comrades,
and farms, and everywhere must also get the attention of our organization of
the patriotic forces in preparing for a people's war. Those people must be
involved. We must establish the underground of the ANC, We must build the
units of MK in the rural areas as well. They must begin to act there so that
the level of the development of our struggle, though we know it cam never be
even, but still we must bridge the gap, must narrow the gap rather between,
you know, the tremendous steps in organization in activity we have taken in
the urban areas, we must begin to do the same thing in the rural areas,

71



SOUTH AFRICA

LESOTHO WATER PROJECT CALLED FOOLISH, EXPENSIVE
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 13 Aug 86 p 5

{Article: "Professor Calls Wentzel's Water Project Foolish"]

[Text] More and more voices are being raised against the government's
Lesotho water project, which is being called an economic and hydraulic
mistake of the minister of water affairs, Greyling Wentzel.

The most recent criticism has been expressed by Prof. David Stephenson, head
of the University of Witwatersrand's department of hydraulic engineering.

Prof. Stephenson explained to DIE AFRIKANER that the Lesotho Highland Project
is nothing but an expensive prestige project conceived by officials who want
to build monuments to themselves. Such monuments are an important source of
satisfaction with one's work, Prof. Stephenson said.

The Lesotho project will cost about R5 billion. Although the largest part of
the money theoretically will be lent to Lesotho by the World Bank and other
western development funds so that it can sell water to South Africa, our
country will still be directly and indirectly responsible for repayment of
the loans. All contracting will actually be carried out by foreign firms
under foreign consultants; plans are even being made to import R300 million
worth of cement from abroad.

The entire network of pumps, dams, canals and tunnels is unnecessary, said
Prof. Stephenson, who has shown than an alternative plan to bring 365 million
cubic meters of water per year from Hendrik Verwoerd dam via Welkom to the
Vaal River using existing pipelines from Welkom to the Vaal would cost only
R300 million. Those 365 million cubic meters are equal to half of the PWV
[expansion unknown] area's current water needs. If the state considers more
water necessary for the PWV area, a supplementary scheme could be considered
to bring 1.095 billion cubic meters to the Wilge River at the cost of R1.2
billion at current price levels. The two phases of this project would total
R1.5 billion and together would yield as much water as the Lesotho Highlands
Project, i.e. 1.460 billion cubic meters.

No tunnels and no expensive dams would be necessary, Prof. Stephenson said,
only three pumping stations and 250 km of additional pipelines in the first
phase. In the second phase, two more pumping stations and an additional 250 km
of double pipeline would be needed. No money would leave the country, and
South African contractors and pipe manufacturers would be able to create
thousands of new jobs.

56



significantly in favor of other Western countries. In 1962, France supplied
64 percent of all West African imports; today, they make up a narrow

one-third. In the strongest member state, the Ivory Coast, the French share
of total exports has shrunk from 50 percent in 1961 to only 19 percent today.

It is true that most trade and banking routes of the seven West African states
continue to be lead to Paris. French firms get contracts on a preferred basis
because of their traditional ties or for the sake of simplicity in foreign
exchange and administrative matters. Nonetheless, foreign experts believe
that France's benefits are of a political rather than economic nature. In
their view, France allows herself the costly luxury of the france zone in order
to be able to continue certain global claims in the power parallelogram of
the two superpowers.

A closer examination of the legitimate criticism that the currency union has
made no contribution to regional economic integration shows that only to a
very limited extent is this the fault of the system. Rather, there is evidence
of structural weaknesses in this community of states. The main reason why
trade among the members of the West African economic community has continued
to be small despite tariff harmonization is that almost all of the poor
countries, which depend on monocultures, produce the same; no comparative
advantage and no cost differences stimulate trade.

The originally negative effects of the rigid exchange ratio with the French
franc and the absence of exchange rate alignments among the members were
largely offset by the severe devaluation of the franc and the transition to
floating in the 1970's. More recently, the member states have attempted to
make up for the differences in exchange rates by using other instruments,

such as export subsidies or import levies. Even the International Monetary
Fund, who has imposed drastic devaluations on nearly all other African states,
has never touched the exchange rate in its stabilization programs for the
UMOA countries. In spite of many banking supervision and credit control
shortcomings, the Monetary Fund seeks to keep the system. None of the
participating nations has the necessary expertise or discipline to set up

a well-functioning currency system and to stick to the rules, the experts

of the Monetary Fund say. Regardless of the shortcomings of the BCEAO control
system, the detailed agreement with the Bank of France provides for sufficient
control which no country is able to elude for any length of time.

Nonmembers, too, view discipline and solidarity as being beneficial. There
is no other way to explain Mali's return in 1984 to the UMOA fold after a
19-year absence, or Equatorial Guinea's accession to the Central African
Currency Union. Guinea-Conakry's accession is imminent; only Mauritania,
as the only country of former French West Africa, continues to stay away.

7821
cso: 3420/53



SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

WARNING AGAINST RSA DUMMY CORPORATIONS--South African companies have been
warned by the Swaziland Government not to use the country to make easy
money. Derek Von Wissell, Swaziland's industry minister, says genuine
investors will be welcomed and helped but he adds the Swazi Government will
not tolerate South African companies intending to circumvent economic
sanctions by setting up bases in Swaziland operating in what he calls grey
areas. Mr Wissell says the country will not be jeopardized for the sake
of few individuals who want to make easy money. [Text] [Umtata Capital
Radio in English 1300 GMT 25 Sep 86 MB] /12624

cso: 3400/66

27



Party's Congress in Pretoria, he assured delegates in reply to discussion on a
motion dealing with law and order that the police force was keeping up to date
with the latest developments in technology. The SAP was continually working
on improvements, sending senior officers overseas, where there was good access
to other country's police forces. Mr le Grange gave no further details of the
development of the smaller version of the Casspir, saying only it would still
protect members of the security forces who were being fired upon with AK47
rifles, and other weapons, in the townships. The SAP had by now also acquired
a “reasonable” number of helicopters around the country, as well as a number
of water cannon for crowd control. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1341
GMT 20 Sep 86 MB] /12913

cso: 3400/31

63



Reported Aid from ‘Secret Fund'
Umtata Capital Radio in English 0500 GMT 22 Sep 86

{Text] KwaZulu's Chief Buthelezi stands to receive a

financial boost from the West German Government. The West German magazine,
DER SPIEGEL, says a multimillion rand secret fund is being operated by

the Bonn Foreign Ministry. Quoting so-called insiders, the magazine

says the fund was established to support certain Latin American and African
leaders specifically to back their candidacy in an election or to persuade
them not to run. The report says the fund is beyond parliamentary control,
and receipts are shredded to ensure diplomatic discretion. The fund
apparently gets nearly 10 million rand a year. The West German Foreign
Ministry has acknowledged the existence of the fund but has refused to
comment on how it is used. 7

csO: 3400/11

65



SOUTH AFRICA

BUTHELEZI ATTACKS ANC SUPPORT FOR "NECKLACING'
MB211229 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1202 GMT 21 Sep 86

[Text] Ulundi, 21 Sep (SAPA)--The KwaZulu chief minister and Inkatha
president, Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi, has attacked the ANC's new official
top-level backing for "necklacing" as evidence of how apartheid has brutalised
people.

Addressing thousands of scouts and officials of the boy scout and girl
guide movements at the Mack Omega Shange amnual rally at Ondini near here
at the weekend, he warned that every black person who became dehumanised
was. helping apartheid to do "its dirty work."

Chief Buthelezi, quoting a London newspaper published last week, said that
ANC Secretary-General Mr Alfred Nzo had now "openly blessed the execution
of blacks by blacks through the necklace." Mr Nzo had stated that the
necklace had the backing of the external mission of the ANC as something
that should be used against black people who allegedly "collaborated"
with the government. This clashed with ANC President Oliver Tambo's recent
assurance--given to the Nonaligned Movement Conference--that he regretted
the use of the necklace because it put the ANC in a bad light. He cited
the ANC secretary-general's official backing for necklacing as an example
of how anger over apartheid had brutalised certain people and "distorted
their very souls."

Chief Buthelezi said that the harshness of today's South African environment
was forcing decisions from blacks about what their own stand should be.

"as a black leader I tell you that there is no responsibility higher

than to retain your humanity as young boys and girls embroiled in the
struggle for liberation," he said.

If they accepted hatred, fear and violence as a means of imposing their
wills on others they would be behaving no better than the way in which
apartheid's bosses had always behaved, stated Chief Buthelezi.

He added that brutality was found only among the weak because they did not
have the power of the people behind them. Black and white were so inter-
dependent in South Africa that it would be a “shameful tragedy" if a non-
racial, just society was not produced here. He suggested that this was
what the KwaZulu/Natal Indaba was about.

"T thank God that the majority of young black South Africans know what I
say is absolutely true," Chief Buthelezi added.

/9604
cso: 3400/11
66


"Tt is because Manica Province was provided with a small airplane in 1984 by
the TTA [National Air Transport and Service Enterprise] to do our work.
However, precisely because there is no hangar available, the airplane is
still in Beira today, appearing here only when it is needed," commented the
director of Transport and Communications.

On the same topic, he also said that he was hoping for the appointment of a
pilot to operate exclusively in Manica.

In response to the question of maintaining the airplane, Eugenio Matsinhe
said that this would have to be done in Beira, since the province does not
have, nor will it be able to install in the near term, facilities that could
address the needs that maintenance of an airplane would entail.

With regard to the construction works, the director pointed to existing plans
for expanding the present waiting room.

"As soon as we have the construction materials we want, we will begin the
work," he said.

Negotiations With Tete

Eugenio Matsinhe revealed, meanwhile, that negotiations with Tete Province
for acquiring some materials for supplying the Chimoio airport would be re-
sumed.

"In the next interprovincial meeting of the central zone, we will touch upon
that subject. This is because the city of Tete has a new building (airport),
and as such we could put materials from the old building to good use, providing
they can be disassembled," Director Matsinhe explained.

The director also explained that negotiations were begun at the last meeting
of this type, without arriving at any agreement.

Assuming that Tete is able to be convinced to provide Chimoio with the mater-
jials, Eugenio Matsinhe affirms that the. current project would be simplified,
and that some construction materials could even be dispensed with, and thus
applied to other projects.

13026 /6662
csO: 3442/310

24


both communities have a history of resistance to force removal. Mr Papsi
Sebogodi, spokesman for the threatened area of Braklaagte said: "We have
fought against removal in the past and then we heard rumors that our land had
been earmarked without our consultation. We fear ill-treatment after
incorporation into Bophuthatswana. We may lose our jobs and our future," he
said. Mr Simon Mpane of Machakaneng said: "Machakaneng bought this land in
1870, why must we now join a land that is ten years old? The homeland cheats
people of their land. Where will people work in Bophuthatswana because it
cannot provide jobs and promotes poverty and oppression."

Official Refutes Reports of Forced Removals
MB181353 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1338 GMT 18 Sep 86

[Text] Pretoria, 18 Sep (SAPA)--Reports are not true that thousands of
residents of the farms Bloedfontein and Geweerfontien are being forcibly
removed from their land, the deputy minister of development and land affairs
said today. Mr B.H. Wilkens said reports of forced removals at the two farms
north of Pretoria to an area called Rust Der Winter were “devoid of truth."
He said the reports stemmed from the borders of particular states extension
amendment bill which was passed by parliament earlier this month. The bill
provided inter alia that Gewwerfontein and Bloedfontein may be transferred
to the Republic of Bophuthatswana by proclamation.

Press reports this week said the 15,000-strong mainly Ndebele~speaking
residents of the area denounced the government's intention to incorporate
Bloedfontein and Geweerfontein into Bophuthatswana and forcibly remove the
residents to Rust Der Winter--an area earmarked for incorporation into
Kwandebele.

Mr Wilkens said the farms belonged to the Bagatla tribe of Chieftainness
Regina Moepi who "made strong representations" for the incorporation of
Geweerfontein and Bloedfontein into Bophuthatswana. The press reports
claimed an ownership dispute between the present residents of the farms and
Chieftainess Moepi--a member of the Bophuthatswana parliament. The residents
purport that when the farm was sols to the workers in 1917, a chief was
officially required to sign the title deed. Their Chief Motellane was too
far away and a nominee, Chief Robert Moepi of the Bagatla, was called in to
sign. They said a meeting was called in 1948 between the residents and the
then chief of the Bagatla, Chief Patrick Moepi, where the deed of transfer
was handed back to the residents of the two farms.

Mr Wilkens said after consultations between the South African Government and
the governments of Bophuthatswana and KwaNdebele, it was decided to “accede

to the request" of the chieftainess to incorporate the area into Bophuthatswana.
Mr Wilkens said although there “might be a minority of the inhabitants who
would prefer the incorporation of the. two farms into KwaNdebele," it was not
the intention of the South African government to force them to move elsewhere.
He said they could continue to reside there if they wished as they had since
1929 when the land concerned was acquired by the tribe.

76


INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

EFFECTIVENESS OF WEST AFRICAN CURRENCY UNION ANALYZED
Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE in German 11 Aug 86 p 10

(Article by Carola Kaps: “Africa's Currency Union Shows Discipline and
Solidarity. CFA Franc Is Legal Tender in 13 States. France Supports System.
Joint Reserves" ]

[text] Dakar--The semicircular office tower of the Central Bank of the West
African States (BCEAO) rises behind high walls, surrounded by well-tended
parks, and completely untouched by the colorful African hustle and bustle

in the hopelessly clogged up streets of the Senegalese capital of Dakar.

In this architecturally pleasing structure, some 600 officials work on the
monetary and credit policies of the seven member states of the West African
Currency Union (UMOA), including the Ivory Coast, Senegal, Benin, Togo, Mali,
Niger, and Burkina Faso. The common legal tender of these seven states is

the franc of the African Currency Union, CFA in short. The sole responsibility
for its issuance rests with the BCEAO.

A sister organization, completely identical with the West African Currency
Union, combines an additional six African states--Cameroon, Gabon, Chad, Congo,
the Central African Republic, and Equatorial Guinea--into the Central African
Currency Union. Here too, the common legal tender is the CFA, issued by the
Central African central bank. Since 1974, both unions have, in addition to
the central bank, a development bank that handles regional development issues.

The currency union, which unlike the European currency system is operational
and has a common currency that covers one-third of all Black African nations,
is a product of French colonialism. Some say that this is one of the few
positive facets of the colonial heritage; others criticize it as an instrument
of continued dependence on France, an obstacle to autonomous self-sustained
development of the African nations.

Organizationally, France does no longer play an important role since the 1974
UMOA reform. Except for two French advisors, the BCEAO is entirely Africanized
and largely independent in the formulation of its monetary and credit policies.
The only representation of France, like that of all other member countries,

is on the bank's board of directors, where each has two representatives.
However, she plays no role in the UMOA council of ministers which is
responsible for the system's global credit ceiling. Neither have the national



Buthelezi Attacks ANC Support for 'Necklacing'
(SAPA, 21 Sep 86) .ecccccccevcvccccccecercescererecsseeeee

ANC Commander Hani Explains ‘People's War'
(Addis Ababa Radio Freedom in English to South Africa,
12 Sep 86) .cvcccevesccccccrecee

Soweto Mayor's Suspension Renewed for Third Time
(SAPA, 12 Sep 86) ..seeeveeeee

Crossroads Refugees Refuse To Move to Khayelitsha
(SAPA, 12 Sep 86) ...eceee

Concern Grows Over Forced Removals in Pretoria
(SAPA, 17, 18 Sep 86) .......

More Than 15,000 People Threatened
Official Refutes Reports of Forced Removals

Briefs
Steve Biko Memorial Service
Urban Development Talks
Blacks Property Rights
ECONOMIC

Energy Autarchy Said Assured by New Technologies, Stockpiling
(FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT, 21 Jul 86)

Salary, Inflation Gap Reported Widening
(THE CITIZEN, 12 Sep 86) .ecscccececccccvcvcvcvccceseseces

Gold Increase Expected To Reduce Income Taxes
(THE SUNDAY STAR, 21 Sep 86) .ccccccecccsccececcrcencseces

Briefs
Unemployed Report ‘Exaggerated’
Free Trading Areas in East London
Spanish Airline Discontinues Flights

/9987

66

79

82

83

84
84
84


ANGOLA

SAVIMBI ON INTERNAL FACTIONS, IMPROVING UNITA'S INTELLIGENCE
Lisbon O JORNAL in Portuguese 12 Sep 86 p 27
[Article by Antonio. Duarte]

[Text] Jamba, Angola--UNITA's Sixth Congress has ended in Jamba, southeastern
Angola. In a 3-hour speech lasting until dusk, delivered’ in the presence of
nearly 4,000 Angolans, Jonas Savimbi criticized his party's intelligence and
administration department, and called upon the 2,150 delegates to the congress
to respond fully to the question, "What is UNITA’s strength?" The UNITA leader
considered the possibility that MPLA might start operating in Zambia, and openly
discussed his movement's internal difficulties.

The UNITA strategy for the next 4 years was delineated at the Sixth Congress of
Jonas Savimbi's rebel movement which is opposing the Luanda government and the
presence of Soviets and Cubans in Angola with arms.

Included among the questions debated at the UNITA Congress were the formulation
of bases for the UNITA/MPLA dialogue; UNITA's future relations with the countries
neighboring Angola; the position toward possible Zambian intervention in Angola's
internal conflict; Namibian independence and the war in Angola; "apartheid" and
the economic sanctions against South Africa; the development of relations with
the European countries, and optimization of relations with Washington after the
Reagan/Savimbi meeting; religious freedom and the Catholic Church's position
toward the Angolan conflict; the improvement of UNITA's administrative and
intelligence system; and the creation.of an awareness among the delegates of

the need for greater and more effective political action.

Criticism of UNITA Cadres and Internal Divisions

“What is UNITA's strength?" asked Jonas Savimbi several times, addressing the
crowd which was withstanding the torrid sun of the "Land at World's End."

He began by noting: "It is no longer possible, nor even acceptable, that a
plenary sixth congress should fail to answer this question over a period of days.
I am talking about our capacity for. mobilization and recruitment,’ our capacity
for conveying our ideas and our struggle to the villages, and-to the urban and
rural areas; because all Angolans are opposed to the Cubans" presence."

13



in its operating account (as of April 1986 almost $300 million). Only two
countries, Senegal and Benin, continue to operate in the red.

The situation of the Ivory Coast, which earns more than 40 percent of the
union's total gross national product, determines whether the zone has a surplus
or deficit with the Bank of France. Compared with the Ivory Coast, the other
economic midgets are of hardly any consequence. Nevertheless, their surplus
earnings help support the various debtor countries--especially Senegal.

With the agreement to pool their foreign exchange reserves, the member
countries basically have committed themselves to solidarity with their weaker
partners. According to the agreement with the French central bank, all members
are required to keep 65 percent of their foreign exchange reserves in the
operating account; they are free to spend the remainder outside the franc

zone. However, whenever a country is sliding into a deficit, the other members
are obligated to make up for it by depositing their free reserves in the
operating account. UMOA's five years of deficit have shown French willingness
to support the entire system financially, provided the members have exhausted
all other financial resources, such as the repatriation of foreign assets

and International Monetary Fund drawing rights, and have introduced strict
reform programs.

Discipline and solidarity are the great plus factors of the franc Zone, which
time and again are coming up in conversations with African businessmen. They
also mention the stable rate of exchange that stimulates the mobility of
capital, including theoretically foreign investment. On the other hand,
university circles are frequently viewing the system as perpetuating the
dependence on France. They claim that it keeps the members from diversifying
their external relations and that the UMOA has proven to be an effective brake
on genuine economic integration. Historically, they say, the system's sole
objective has been to integrate the zone with the motherland. Beyond that,
the currency stability has had a negative effect on the industrialization
and development efforts of the individual states. The uneven development

and growth levels in the member countries should have been dealt with through
changes in the foreign exchange relationships.

The governor of the BCEAO, Abdoulaye Fadiga from the Ivory Coast, who has
headed the monetary institution for the past 12 years, simply rejects as
malicious any criticism of the currency union and of France's role. "Those
who critize the system," he says verbatim, "don't like us, want to keep us
small and economically weak." He says he is thoroughly familiar with the
system and it has nothing but advantages for the member states. The future
needs regional unions. In its analyses, the International Monetary Fund has
also come to the conclusion that the advantages of the system outweigh the
existing disadvantages.

Aversion to Colonial Ties
Criticism may, in fact, be due to deeply rooted aversion to the old colonial

ties rather than to genuine deficiencies of the system: because, although
France continues to be the UMAO's major trading partner, her role has declined



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

STEVE BIKO MEMORIAL SERVICE-~Pretoria, 12 Sep (SAPA)--Spirited singing marked
a small memorial service held in Pretoria today for black consciousness leader
Mr Steve Biko, who died in police custody exactly nine years ago. Officials
from the Council of Unions of South Africa, the Azanian People's Organization
and the Azanian Students Movement led the service, attended by about 35
people, in the Willie Theron building in Bosman Street. The songs were
interspersed with poetry readings. Similar services were scheduled to be
held today in Johannesburg and Port Elizabeth. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA

in English 1400 GMT 12 Sep 86 MB] /9738

URBAN DEVELOPMENT TALKS--Delegates from South Africa and the TBVC [Transkei,
Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei] countries held talks in Pretoria today on
urban development and housing. At the talks, which were chaired by the
chairman of the South African Housing Commission, Mr W.J. Van der Merwe
Muree, South Africa proposed the establishment of a small practical housing
project in each independent national state. It is suggested that the project
be used to demonstrate and practice the application of housing strategies.

In a statement released after the talks, the secretariat for the multilateral
cooperation in southern Africa says the South African White paper on
urbanization formed the basis of discussion. It says the training of town
clerks and treasuers in southern Africa was identified as a priority.

[Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1500 GMT 18 Sep 86 MB]
/9738

BLACKS PROPERTY RIGHTS--Blacks are able to acquire full property rights

in certain residential areas in terms of the Development of Black Communities
Amendment Act, which came into effect earlier this week. The director of
community development of the Department of Constitutional Development and
Planning, Mr (Piet van Heerden), said in Pretoria that the legislation gave
blacks the right to own property in proclaimed towns, on trust lands and

in the six self-governing states. In terms of the act, the rights, to
leasehold can be converted to full property rights in such areas.

Mr (Van Heerden) said the amendments to the existing acts and the
accompanying regulations were a breakthrough because the public sector had
worked closely with the private sector in preparing them. [Text]
[Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0915 GMT 20 Sep 86] /9604

:

cs0: . 3400/11
78



for abandoning its business in South Africa, company director John Wilson
said on 9 July in the course of a discussion with BUSINESS DAY. Soekor
confirmed as recently as in May 1986 that it is using natural gas from its
Mossel Bay deposits for the production of chemicals and fuels; however, the
4.8 billion rand project seems to have been the cause for some concern in
view of the oil price decline and, at the very least, more feasibility studies
will be undertaken, a spokesman for the Mining Ministry said. Whenever
economic and strategic considerations balance out, the latter would probably
be the decisive factor.

Some engineers, including the Jan Hoogendoorn consulting firm, expressed the
view that the construction of another--the fourth--coal-gasification plant,
patterned on Sasol, might be more advantageous; with a production capacity,
equal to that of the Mossel-Bay installation, i.e., 25,000 barrels of fuel

a day, it would be possible to save 1 billion rands. The statement that 70-80
percent of the Mossel Bay costs had been spent domestically and therefore

had provided considerable stimulus to the domestic economy were also
questioned. In any case, in 1986, some 21.3 million rands were made available
to Engineering Management Services Offshore (EMSO), a joint venture of the
South African concern Murray & Roberts and the British firm Crawford & Russell
International, for the preparation of construction designs for the Mossel-Bay
project's off-shore segment. Exploitation of the enormous Kuda natural gas
deposits in the Oranje river delta is faced with the problem that some of

the deposits extend into Namibian territory and that this may cause political
difficulties.

In 1986, the cheapest electricity was supplied by the Escom electric company
which charged 5.81 cents per kilowatt-hour, according to the consulting firm
National Utilities Services. In fiscal year 1985, Escom, with total assets
of 31.1 (24.4) billion rands, showed 2.48 (1.92) billion rands in earnings
and 2.14 (1.91) in expenditures. It earned 4.63 (3.83) billion rands from
the sale of electricity, Board Chairman John Maree announced. Under his
direction, the top-heavy organization cut its inventories by 1.4 billion rands
and its overblown workforce by 6,000 to a total of 60,000. Since consumption
increased at a somewhat slower rate than was estimated several years ago,
Escom is building six new electric power plants at a slower pace. Each plant
costs about 3.5 billion rands (allegedly at 1984 prices), the most important
foreign suppliers being the Federal Republic of Germany, Switzerland, France,
Great Britain and the United States.

By delaying construction, the company was able to cut its capital requirements
for the next four years by 1.2 billion rands. Escom's power production,
totalling 25,456 megawatts, is expected to rise to 33,703 megawatts by 1990,
and to 37,986 megawatts by 1998 to reach 43,000 megawatts in the 2020's.

At the end of this year, Escom will test a new cooling method by putting

294 9-meter-diameter electric ventilators into service. The FINANCIAL MAIL
reports that the company is going to replace the existing cooling towers and
improve the efficient use of coal energy while reducing the consumption of
water.

7994 81
CSO: 3420/52



MOZAMBIQUE

SOVIET CORRESPONDENT DESCRIBES BOOK EXCHANGE, COOPERATION
Maputo DOMINGO in Portuguese 17 Aug 86 p 3

[Article by Nikolai Venediktov: "Books: An Important Area of Mozambique/USSR
Cooperation"]

[Text ]> The exchange of books, albums, publications, newspapers and stamps is
an important area of cultural communication between the Soviet Union and Mozam-
bique that has helped strengthen understanding between the two peoples and
promote the cause of peace and social progress.

The exchange largely takes place through Mezhdunarodnaia Kniga and the Mozambi-
can National Book and Record Institute, which signed a cooperative agreement
in 1976. In the ten years since the document was signed, the exchange has seen
rapid and efficient development. In 1985, Mozambicans received twice as many
Soviet books as in the previous year (about 450,000). The books deal with
political subjects, scientific topics, and fiction and include instructional
materials and children's books. The books were sent by MezhduNarodnaia Kniga
for distribution to various educational institutions in Mozambique formerly
run by the National Book and Record Institute.

Books by Mozambican authors and collections of Mozambican folklore have been
translated and published in the Soviet Union. A book of poetry by Jose Cravei-
rinha was released a short time ago. In 1985 Khudozhestvennaia Literatura Pub-
lishing House put out a collection of Mozambican stories entitled

"nempestade" [Storm].

Detskaia Literatura Publishing House (children's books) has published 600,000
copies of Mozambican folk tales in Russian. Three hundred thousand copies of
"Coracao Solitario" Lonely Heart , a fairy tale, were printed in the Ukraine,
in the language of that republic. Works by Rui Nogar, Luis Bernardo Honwana
Rui Noronha and other authors have also been published in the USSR.

Mezhdunarodnaia Kniga's participation at the next Maputo fair will assuredly
further the development of this bilateral cooperative program. The Soviet
bookselling agency plans to exhibit 500 titles in Spanish and Portuguese at
FACIM-86.

The works of Marx, Engels, and Lenin, documents and materials on the 27th Con-
gress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and works by Soviet scien-
tists on contemporary political problems will be prominently displayed at the
exhibition.

19



020104

JPRS-SSA-86-105
16 OCTOBER 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT &
Approvea tor puoi releausl ;
i Unbmited skis

Cua

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY

i
|
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE |
NATIONAL TECHNICAL : hs
a an
wee /00

Ke AOS



SALARY, INFLATION GAP REPORTED WIDENING

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Sep 86 p 11

[Text]

THE gap between sal-
ary increases and infla-|
tion has widened to an:
all-time high with in-'
creases for all race!
groups lagging the in-
flation rate by 5,8 per-}
cent, according to the
results ‘of the 1986
general staff salary sur-
vey released yesterday
by the remuneration
division of P-E” Cor-
porate Services SA
(Pty) Ltd.

The survey, underta-
ken from data provided
by over 1000 organisa-
tions employing ‘approxi-
mately 1 200 000 staff of
all race groups, showed
that the overall percent-
age increase in basic sal-
ary levels for all race
groups for the period
June 30, 1985 to July 1,
1986 was 11,1 percent.

The Consumer Price
Index (CPI) for the same
period was 16,9 percent, .
reflecting the 5,8 percent
lag.

“This gap is the worst

19317
cso: 3400/37

in memory,” said Miss:
Jane Ashburner, manager
of the division. The pic-
ture became even more.
dismal, she added, when
‘one considered that since
the effective date of the
survey, the CPI had risen
to 18,2 percent. .

This lag ‘in ‘salary in-'
creases started in 1983
and had. continued at an
alarming rate ever since. :
As inflation had been spi-
ralling, companies’ had ;
been restricted from;
granting significant in-
creases by the severe fi-
nancial restrictions they
had been operating

under.
Until 1982, the CPI had
been used as one of the

most important guides
when determining salary
and wage __ increases.

“Forces of circumstance
have now dictated, how-
ever, that companies’ fi-
nancial results be the
prime measure taken into
consideration when deter-
mining increases,” she
said.

82

The survey showed that |
whereas last-year the lo--|
west movement was re-:
corded for Whites, . this i
year Coloureds received
the lowest salary in-|
creases at 10,4 percent. |
However; the movement ,
for Whites was not far :
ahead at 11,0 percent. ~ :
- Blacks moved from the
top position in the salary
and wage increase stakes
to second place behind
Asians. The salary move-
ment for Blacks was 11,3
percent while that for
Asians was the highest of
all race groups at 11,6
preent. Last year Blacks
received 12,3 percent and
Asians 10,7 percent.

Miss Ashburner said
the fact that increases for
non-Whites have come
closer to those for Whites
indicated that the socio-
political factors that had
largely determined wage
increases for non-Whites
in the past had generally
been shelved and re-
placed by the hard eco-
nomic realities brought

SOUTH AFRICA

about by the recession.

Looking at the-cumula-
tive increases against the
cumulative inflation rate
over the past five years,
the survey showed that
no-one had kept pace
with inflation.

‘The cumulative CPI for
this five-year period was
97. percent. Blacks came
the closest to this with a
cumulative wage increase
of 91 percent, followed by
Asians at 90 percent,
Coloureds at 80 percent
and Whites on the lowest
rung at 73 percent.

~*Salaries have, in fact,

not kept pace with infla-
tion for the past 10 years
in the case of Whites,”
said Miss Ashburner.

The cumulative percen-
tage pay increase for the
past 10 years for Whites
was 199,3 percent against
a cumulative CPI for the
same period of 255,0 per-
cent.

“There has been a dis-
mal run on salaries over
this period,” she said. —
Sapa.


SOUTH AFRICA

EDUCATION MINISTER ASSESSES STATUS OF BLACK SCHOOLS
MB210828 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1454 GMT 20 Sep 86

[Text] Pretoria, 20 September, SAPA-~Black schools had been closed because
they had already been abandoned by the pupils and the communities, the
Minister of Education and Development aid, Dr Gerrit Viljoen, said today.

He told the Transvaal National Party Congress that the closed schools numbered
only 250 out of a total of 7,000. They had not been closed as punishment and
their closure had not robbed their pupils of education opportunities. "The
overwhelming majority of black children are progressing towards better
qualifications," he said. “The rest are falling behind. I want to warn those
who are neglecting their education opportunities that they are falling behind
the children of other communities and they will never be able to close that
gap later in their lives.

He said the department had grown rapidly in the past eight years. It's budget
had grown eight-fold from R143 million to R1,148 million. Likewise the total
number of pupils had grown from 110,000 to 850,000.

The end-of-school failure rate was unsatisfactorily high at 50 percent, but
with such growth it was a wonder that the rate of failure was not higher.

Teachers were rapidly improving their qualifications with 46,000 (or 58
percent) having spent from three weeks to an entire year on in-service
training. Within two years there had been a 12 percent reduction in the
number of teachers with sub-matric education. A further 11,700 teachers were
involved in extra-mural studies.

“We have closed schools which had effectively been deserted by the pupils and
their communities, in order to employ the teaching staff more cost-effectively
elsewhere,” he said. "It was not a punishment and we did not put children out
on the streets. They were effectively there already. It is, therefore,
inaccurate to say that by closing these schools we robbed children of
education opportunities,” the minister said.

/12913
cso: 3400/31

42


the port authority. In 1985, the FRG committed DM 9 million to Guinea as
part of its technical assistance program. In addition, DM 2 million were
reprogrammed from an earlier commitment. These amounts are to be used, among
other things, to support the port management. Mozambique has hired HPC to
supervise the repair of port cranes; the expenditures will be funded by the
FRG.

The Prof Dr Lackner & Partners Consulting Engineering GmbH & Co.,
Bremen-Vegesack, has obtained new contracts from Guinea, Togo and Zaire.

In Guinea, a new order is for the expansion of Conakry port. The Federal
Government has contributed DM 16 million to this project. The order for the
expansion of Conakry port was awarded to Dyckerhoff & Widmann Inc. (Dywidag),
Munich.

The firm of Lackner & Partners has been in Togo for a long time. The new
orders in that country are for advisory services for the construction of fender
equipment in Lome harbor, the construction of a grain transshipment
installation, the expansion of the harbor zone and security equipment in a
phosphate transshipment installation. Zaire has hired Lackner & Partners

to prepare a report on the Moanda-Banana deep-water port at the mouth of Zaire
river.

The Uniconsult United Transport Consulting GmbH, Hamburg, has been commissioned
by Ghana, Togo and Cameroon to prepare studies on bulk transportation.
Uniconsult also accepted a contract to advise Cameroon on dams and a
subcontract for the preparation of a national transportation plan. In Togo,

it has been entrusted with providing consulting services for Lome port. In
Liberia, it is doing a study on how to set up a shipping business, and in
Mozambique, it is preparing another study on transit transportation.

The Shiptraco Ship & Transport Consultants GmbH, Schenefeld, was able to obtain
additional orders in the People's Republic of the Congo and in Mali and
Somalia. In the People's Republic of the Congo, Shiptraco has a contract

to continue its consulting services with the state-owned Agence Transcongolaise
des Communications (ATC), which manages shipping operations on the Congo (also
named Zaire) river and its Ubangi and Shari tributaries. In Mali, it has

been asked to advise the shipyard and shipping line of the Compagnie Malienne
de Navigation (CMN), Koulikoro, whose ships travel on the Niger river between
Koulikoro and Gao. The FRG provides financial support for water
transportation on the Niger. In Somalia, Shiptraco continues to advise the
SSA & L Shipping Company.

Ghana has commissioned the GOPA Company for Organization, Planning and Training
mbH, Bad Homburg v.d.H., to manage the transportation system on Lake Volta,
which has a dam near Akosombo. The FRG has contributed a significant amount
of capital aid to improve traffic on Lake Volta. In Zaire, GOPA has been
awarded a consulting contract for the procurement of materials for the
country's shipyards.

The Central African Republic has included the Gitec Consult GmbH, Duesseldorf,
in the second phase of its ferry repair project. The Geri Engineering GmbH,


INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

FRG FIRMS ACTIVE IN OCEAN, INLAND SHIPPING DEVELOPMENT

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German
22 Aug 86 p 2

[Article by W.AN, Frankfurt: "Development Assistance for Shipping. German
Engineers Doing Brisk Business in Coastal Africa"]

{Text] Since the most recent survey (in BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT of 10
October 1985), German consulting engineers have again been been able to

procure large-scale inclusion in African port and shipping projects, especially
in the eastern and western parts of the continent. The FRG frequently provides
significant development assistance for such projects, which has a positive
effect on the award of contracts to German engineering consultants.

The engineering firm for shipping technologies Ingo Schlueter GmbH & Co.,
Flensburg, has been awarded consulting contracts for the procurement of ships
by the Cape Verde Islands, the People's Republic of the Congo, Gabon and the
Sudan. On the Cape Verde Islands, two multi-purpose ships are involved.

The Federal Government has committed itself to the Cape Verde Islands for
more than DM 15 million, which are designed to cover consulting services
expenses incurred by the state-owned Cape Verde Shipping Company during the
1985/86 period. Earlier, the Kf£W (Reconstruction Credit Institution) agreed
to a DM 12 million subsidy for the purchase of a second freight and passenger
ship, in which Schlueter is also involved.

In the People's Republic of the Congo, Schlueter was hired for the third phase
of a project to purchase inland water craft. The FRG has granted DM 10 million
in capital assistance for the purchase of ships that will be used to transport
tropical timber. In the OPEC country of Gabon, Schlueter is providing advice
on the purchase of a combined freight and passenger ship. In the Sudan,
Schlueter has won consulting contracts for the procurement of river boats

and the delivery of river ferries. In 1985, the FRG increased its development
aid for Sudanese inland shipping by DM 3 million.

The HPC Hamburg Port Consulting GmbH, Hamburg, which is part of the Hamburg
Port and Storage A.G., has received new contracts from Ghana, Guinea and
Mozambique. In Ghana, HPC is engaged in repairing that country's ports.

In Guinea, HPC is involved on three fronts. It is providing financial advice
to the port authority, preparing a study on the use of electronic data
processing (EDP), and it has extended its technical assistance contract with



Even a conservative estimate must lead to the conclusion that we are
confronted with a matter that has deep roots in the black community.

Arrest can take these leaders out of circulation for a while, put them out
of action for a shorter or longer period. As Afrikaners, however, we only

have to look at our own history to realize that this alone will not change
the convictions of these leaders and their followers.

This is so obvious that we no longer need to discuss whether pleas for them
to change are worthwhile. The real question is how our white and black
leaders can get along with each other. And it is not enough to talk behind
closed doors, with secrecy about names peopled talked with.

The problem is that on both sides an unwillingness to negotiate has arisen.
One side demands the renunciation of violence. Radical black groups, on the
other hand, demand an end to all measures which differentiate--not only
discriminate—-by race.

Some way must be found to break this impasse. Uncompromising standpoints
are in conflict with the whole spirit of negotiation. In order to impose
meaningful conditions, it is necessary to reach compromises. This
presupposes the willingness not just to take, but also to give.

Before mutual understanding can come about, the willingness to understand
must be created.

12571
CSO: 3401/187

55



SOUTH AFRICA

LE GRANGE DISCUSSES UNREST, ABUSE OF POWER
Gives 12-Month Statistics
MB191150 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1121 GMT 19 Sep 86

[Text] A total of 1,776 civilians had been killed in unrest in the two years
since September 1984 and 5,614 had been injured, the Minister of Law and
Order, Mr Louis le Grange, said today.

Speaking at a graduation ceremony at Potchefstroom University, he said 56
members of the police and other security forces had been killed in the process
and 711 had been injured. "About 50 percent of the civilians killed or
wounded were victims of their own people.”

The minister said there was now a stronger criminal element involved, as shown
by the fact that during the period of September to December 1984, 16 percent
of unrest deaths were caused by “black agitators who murdered other blacks,”
compared to an increase to 35 percent in 1985.

In the period up to the declaration of the state of emergency on 12 June this
year, the figure had increased to 53 percent, “and now more than 70 percent of
unrest-related deaths are the murders of innocent black civilians by blacks."

Mr le Grange also gave details of the increase in terrorism incidents caused
by the SA Communist Party/African National Congress [SACP/ANC] alliance. Up
to 14 September this year, there had been 170 incidents, compared to 136 last
year and 44 in 1984. "So far this year we have already had, among other
incidents, 17 landmine, 55 hand grenade and 47 limpet mine explosions.

“As a result of police and other security force actions, 80 terrorists have
already been arrested this year and 45 killed,” he said. Large quantities of
arms, ammunition, explosives, hand grenades, limpet mines and other equipment
had been seized in the process.

“I am proud to say that, with the exception of three cases, each incident of
terrorism or sabotage has been successfully investigated by the police and the
guilty parties identified or arrested, or killed.”

Although it was the SACP/ANC's policy to attack "soft" as well as “hard”
targets, there had been a clear shift in emphasis to soft targets since 1981.

38



SOUTH AFRICA

ENERGY AUTARCHY SAID ASSURED BY NEW TECHNOLOGIES, STOCKPILING

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German
21 Jul 86 p 2

[Article by ff., Capetown: "South Africa's Energy Plans Reach Beyond the
Year 2000. Paper on Energy Supply Submitted to Parliament. Government
Believed To Have Stockpiled Large Supplies of 0il']

[Text] The South African Mining and Energy Ministry submitted to a Parliament
meeting in Capetown the draft of a comprehensive plan for the development

of energy resources in the Cape republic which extends far into the next
millenium. The center pieces of this "draft white paper" are articles on
ways to save energy, on the efficient use of coal, the development of nuclear
energy, on more research on fossile materials, the examination of the
usefulness of renewable energy resources, and on new technologies such as

the use of electric vehicles, the establishment of additional manufacturing
plants for synthetic fuels as well as the observation and possible support

of the development of synthetic fuels on an international basis, and last

but not least, the advancement of inter-governmental cooperation in the energy
sector, especially in the an area south of the Sahara.

Involved in these research efforts is the Council for Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR) who, in 1985, received 30 million rands (1 trade rand equals
about DM 0.84) in funds from Pretoria and private business.

In order to intensify this research, Mining and Energy Minister Dr Adnie
Stein recommended at the World Energy Conference (S.A. National Committee)
that considerable new funds be made available through, among other things,

a surtax on the sale of gasoline and diesel fuel, on domestic consumption
of coal and, finally, on the sale of electricity by the Escom electric power
company. He stated that the primary focus must be on preserving existing
resources and on their more efficient utilization. Escom has completed its
restructuring, and in the future, the company will operate in line with the
most advanced private-business views, he added.

The oil supply of the Cape republic is assured, emphasized the minister, and
nuclear energy will play an increasingly important role in meeting the
country's needs; by the year 2000, another nuclear plant will become necessary
in the western Cape region. Escom representatives added that after 2030,

all new power plants on the Cape would be nuclear plants; and 19 different
locations near and around the port city of Port Elizabeth are being scrutinized
as to their suitability.

79



that this matter is currently causing distortions in the correct. development
of the activities of those producers. Net, lines, buoys, lead weights, hooks,
boat motors, food items, and means of transport for maintaining the flow of
products from the interior to the district capital are what the fishermen
require; while the salt producers need empty sacks to package the salt, metric
scales, plastic buckets, boots, gloves, and other necessities. Domingos
Fernandes placed the Fishing Cooperative of Beira in charge of prioritizing
support for the fishermen's cooperatives. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portu-
guese 19 Aug 86 p 3] 13026/6662

BEIRA DRAINAGE SYSTEM SOON--The Beira drainage system construction works,
which have been in progress since the beginning of the current year, are
expected to be completed this October. The works are budgeted at 19 million
escudos and comprise 2 phases, namely drainage of the canal in order to pre-
vent flooding, and general repairs of the sluice-gates and embankments. Con-
struction of the drainage system in Beira will not only contribute to agri-
cultural development, but also aims at facilitating irrigation in the
Chiveve valleys, while at the same time preventing flooding in the city's
interior, as has occurred until now. The idea of constructing the drainage
system came from the Ministry of Agriculture's MONAP Project. The works
are relatively advanced, after a brief interruption due to a lack of stone.
Special cement imported from West Germany is being used in the works. Com-
pletion of the works is of crucial importance to agricultural development in
the Pungue River valleys and the banks of the Chiveve, while the beach
erosion in that region is being combatted. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in
Portuguese 19 Aug 86 p 3] 13026/6662

CsO: 3442/310

26


SOUTH AFRICA

MANPOWER MINISTER ON NEW ‘UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICE’ LAW
MB210844 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1424 GMT 20 Sep 86

[Text] Pretoria, 20 September, SAPA~-New legislation to define an “unfair
labour practice” more clearly was being planned for next year, the Minister of
Manpower, Mr Pietie du Plessis, said today.

He told the Transvaal National Party Congress that draft legislation, based on
investigations and the rulings of the industrial courts, would be published
for comment within a month. "We will publish it and ask for comment, and I
invite all trade unions and employers to make representations to us. I am
confident that we will remove most of our problems in this area with the new
legislation,” he said.

The minister was reacting to two resolutions calling for a fuller definition
of an unfair labour practice and to define the responsibilities and
accountability of a union for actions of its members.

Speakers from the floor referred to intimidation by certain unions and said
that it appeared that union rights were being extended endlessly.

Mr du Plessis said the country had the most up to date labour legislation in
the world.

Black trade unions, however, came into being as recently as 1979 and the
concept of an unfair labour practice was a new one in South African law. It
was widely defined in the labour relations act because nowhere in the world
was there a complete definition available. "Now, after six years in practice,
we have learned a lot about the defects."

"The concepts of unfair labour practice and unfair dismissal has been used by
the trade unions but they are meant for employers as well. It is only
recently that employers have started to take actions against the unions for
unfair practices," he said.

As far as holding unions accountable for the actions of its members, the
applicable criteria was the established connection between individual and
union. "If the individual and his actions cannot be connected to the union,
then action will have to be taken against the individual alone,” the minister
said.

/12913
cso: 3400/31 43



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

GAZA CASHEW MARKETING FIGURES--In the 1985-86 campaign, Gaza Province brought
the most cashews to market, surpassing the anticipated target by some 161 per-
cent. This announcement was made last Friday in the city of Xai-Xai, ina
meeting between Trade Minister Aranda da Silva and cashew traders, who com-
memorated the end of the campaign. This number is triple that of the previous
campaign, 1984-85. The highest amount obtained in the history of the province
was 12,000 tons in 1981. The district of Mandlhakaze, in the northern part
of the province, sold the most, followed by Chibuto. In the meeting with the
minister, wholesalers, private merchants, and cooperative workers of the
province committed themselves to increasing production to near the 12,000-ton
level in the 1986-87 campaign, which will begin in the next few months. This
commitment on the part of the merchants was made after the trade minister
announced that transport and materials for cashew marketing would be provided
within the anticipated time frame. Every district involved in the cashew
marketing campaign received a new 9-ton truck. The District of Mandlhakaze
also received a tractor and coupler. The producers and cooperatives who ended
up buying the most cashews during the recent campaign were given cars, each
with a 3-ton capacity. Delivery of the trucks and cars took place immediately
after the meeting, in the presence of Governor Francisco Pateguana. At that
time, the minister announced that all wholesalers could now begin stocking
merchandise for the 1986-87 campaign. At the end of the ceremony, the
wholesalers presented a check for 700,000 meticals, to support the electoral
process that has been in progress across the country since the 15th. During
the trip to Xai-Xai, Aranda da Silva was accompanied by Secretary of State

for Cashew Alfredo Gamito. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 Aug 86

p 3] 13026/6662

MACHANGA SALT, FISH PRODUCTION HAMPERED--Fish and salt production in the
Machanga District could, in the future, suffer serious setbacks if the admin-
istrative branch associated with the sector continues to neglect the industry's
needs, in terms of materials for fishing and rehabilitation of the district's
salt facilities. This problems was revealed by the local fishermen themselves,
during a meeting headed by a provincial delegation on the general elections,
led by Sofala Provincial Director for Transport and Communications Domingos
Fernandes. During the meeting the fishermen presented a list of needs of the
fishing and the salt industries which, according to their own statements,

are basic requirements for increasing the level of production, it being known

25



ee

to reveal the plans and products involved. Our source believes however that
there is no need for pessimism. As long as the plans are kept secret and are
changed frequently, things will not be so bad. This however does not mean
that we can blithely dismiss the sanctions, he said. “Other people are smart
too, and we dare not underestimate them, South Africa does have a large
number of export products that are not readily available elsewhere in the
world, at least not at the reasonable South African prices. On the other
hand, South Africa can get its hands fairly easily on products denied us by
one country by going to another source," our source stated. [Article by
Andre Verster: "Former Rhodesians Help"] [Text] [Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND
in Afrikaans 11 Aug 86 p 1] 12571

PROPERTY FOR MORE TOWNSHIPS--Pretoria, 19 September, SAPA--The Department of
Constitutional Development and Planning plans to buy some quarter of a billion
rands of property in the PWV [Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging] area to
establish more black townships, it was confirmed in Pretoria today. These
townships, which would span some 14,000 ha, would be situated between existent
“white” towns and the cities. A department spokesman said however, that the
locations of these townships had not been earmarked yet. The department was
still receiving objections to the proposed Norweto township north of
Johannesburg, which had evoked strong opposition from white residents in the
area. The spokesman said he could not comment on fears that the development
would extend unrest, currently largely contained within black townships, to
the industrial heart of South Africa. The amount of money required to buy up
the required land had not been calculated, but with the high property prices
on the reef it was expected to boost the bill of the project--even before
earthworks and township development costs--to some R250 million rand. Once it
became known that the department was looking for property, land prices could
be boosted to make the project even more expensive. The authorities are
however keen to involve the private sector to minimise state costs- [Text]
[Johannesburg SAPA in English 1507 GMT 19 Sep 86 MB] /12913

MINISTER ON NEW ID DOCUMENT-~Pretoria, 20 September, SAPA~--The new uniform
identity document would have no effect on the tri-cameral system or the Group
Areas Act, the Minister of Home Affairs, Mr Stoffel Botha, said today. He was
reassuring a Soutpansberg delegate to the Transvaal National Party Congress
who wanted clarification on the effect of uniform ID on these two issues. Mr
Botha explained that the ID was not regarded as proof of race, and for this
reason the government had not objected to the removal of race coding from the
new documents. When buying property the prospective owner had to make a
declaration under oath as to his race. Particulars--"the full pedigree"——of
all newly born babies were taken up in the population register. These
particulars were freely issued in a birth document at any time. Similarly,
voters rolls for the three houses of parliament were compiled from the
register and not from ID's. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1458 GMT 20
Sep 86 MB] /12913

ARMORED CAR FOR TOWNSHIP USE--Pretoria, 20 September, SAPA--The South African
police were developing a smaller version of the Casspir armoured car used
extensively in black townships to counter unrest, the Minister of Law and
Order, Mr Louis le Grange, said today. Speaking at the Transvaal National

62



loan committees any French participation. This is also true for the Central
African Currency Union.

The most important pillar supporting the franc zone structure--besides the
13 African states, the Islamic Republic of the Comoro Island and the French
territories (Departements outre mer) are part of the system--is the
convertibility obligation to which France has committed herself vis-a-vis
the member countries. The exchange rate of the CFA against the French franc
is fixed (1 French franc equals 50 CFA francs), and this linkage makes it
also freely convertible into other currencies. Guarantor of this
characteristic of the CFA, which is remarkable in the African context, is

a so-called "operating account" the various central banks of the franc-zone
system maintain at the Bank of France. Through this operating account, into
which the member countries pay part of their currency reserves, an unlimited
credit line is theoretically available to them. At least on paper, the West
and Central African states do not have to worry about incurring debts, because
the overdraft facility ensures that their creditors can count on being paid
on time.

With the support of their great godfather France, the two African currency
zones, since their independence, have enjoyed monetary stability and much
more prestige in international credit markets than their neighbors who, while
just as poor, are fending for themselves. Whereas the latter with their
inconvertible currencies had to live with a chronic lack of foreign exchange
and economic conditions that, in many instances, got increasingly worse in

a vicious circle of devaluations, black markets, and smuggling, the 13 could
always rely on France to save them in emergency situations.

Senegal Benefits Most

Particularly Senegal, which, because of her glorious colonial past as the
center of French West Africa, never learned to live within its means, has
profited from French generosity. Since UMOA was established in 1962, Senegal
has shown year after year a frequently rising deficit in its operating account.
Although the country has curbed its monetary expansion significantly as
required under the terms of the agreement, and although it has increasingly
tightened its belt under the supervision of the International Monetary Fund
and the World Bank, Senegal, unlike other countries with serious balance of
payments deficits and debt obligations, did not have to adopt drastic austerity
measures.

However, the other six UMOA members have also enjoyed the luxury of the French
cushion which, besides the overdraft facility, includes budgetary assistance,
development assistance, technical assistance, and export subsidies for raw
materials. During the 1980-85 crisis years, all seven members were deeply
indebted to France as a result of the combination of droughts, falling raw
material prices, rising interest rates, and the high dollar value.

Today, after several years of considerable adjustment efforts in all seven
member countries and with the incipient economic upturn in the wealthiest
union member, the Ivory Coast, the UMOA as a whole is showing again a surplus


ANGOLA

‘INDEPENDENT DEMOCRATS' DISSEMINATE ANTI-MPLA INFORMATION
Lisbon SEMANARIO in Portuguese 23 Aug 86 p 24
{Article by Carlos da Matta: "Angolan Belligerents Concerned"]

[Text] Attacks on the Kuito Kuanavale Air Base reflected UNITA's concern
about the build-up of MPLA forces at the strategic base. But Luanda also has
headaches, particularly the growing critical factions which are now getting
publicity in the international press.

There is no armed conflict without psychological action or a war of communi-
ques, and Angola is prolific in this regard. The two belligerents never agree
on events and each one invariably accuses the other of covering up their res-
pective foreign allies' involvement.

This is what is happening in the recent attacks on the Kuito Kuanavale Air
Base, which the minister of defense in Luanda blames on South Africa, an
accusation accepted by several foreign governments.

UNITA, however, insists that it is solely responsible for the strike, and in-
dependent observers in the Angolan capital point out that there was no mention
of South African aircraft, believing it unlikely that the South African De-
fense Force would deploy a unit so far beyond its borders (300 km) without air
cover.

This unit, denounced as the aggressor by Luanda, is the famous "Buffalo
Battalion" made up of black soldiers, some of whom are Angolan.

UNITA counters that after the attack its soldiers were bombed by MiG-21's and
MiG-23's “piloted by Cubans," which, the same observers say, is also unlikely
for two reasons: (1) the People's Republic of Angola already has a large number
of national pilots for these fighters (if inexperienced) and (2) both the
Cubans and the Soviets avoid direct engagements below the Namibe~Menongue Line.

"Independent Democrats"
Another controversial topic is the most recent communique issued by the MPLA-PT
Politburo, which attacks the majority of the international press and urges the

public not to help disseminate international publications in Angola. Any public
criticism of Angolan authorities is prohibited, so the dissemination referred

16


The nuclear plant Koeberg, which was established by the French company
Framatome and is situated 30 km north of Capetown, operates with two reactors,
each producing 965 megawatts. In the final essence, every newly planned
installation depends on the relationship between the Boer republic and the
Western industrial countries, especially its relations with France and the
United States, where a license issued by Washington would be the decisive
factor, at least under present building conditions. According to Dr Danie
Steyn, Pretoria has approved the construction of a new nuclear research
installation near the township of Gouroupa, close to the Gouritz river delta
on the southern Cape. The white paper states that the search for additional
uranium deposits will be intensified, especially for exports and the production
of enriched metal. The FINANCIAL MAIL reported on this subject that the
Pelindaba uranium enrichment plant is still expected to become operational
this year.

In 1985, only 1 percent of South Africa's energy requirements were met by
nuclear energy, 82.4 percent by coal or coal gasification, 10.4 percent by
mineral oil, 6.1 percent by wood, and 0.1 percent by hydro-electric power.

The geological survey of the Mining Ministry estimated South Africa's coal
reserves to be 110 billion tons; 51 billion tons can be mined with the help
of present-day technologies. The optimal and rational utilization of these
reserves is of the greatest strategic importance, according to the paper
submitted to Parliament. Hence taxation of this energy sector will be adapted
to cause a minimium of friction. The total production of coal was 168 million
tons in 1985, of which 77.8 million tons were consumed by Escom, and 44.3
million tons were exported. The most recent reports indicate that Denmark
and France, whose combined purchases in 1985 totalled 9 million tons of hard
coal, have stopped doing business with South Africa.

For over 10 years, South Africa has stockpiled oil, which reportedly is stored
in abandoned mine shafts; any information on this is confidential. However,
inofficially it became known that Pretoria has made unusually large oil
purchases during the first quarter of 1986; hence President Botha's statement
that South Africa could survive any oil boycott is credible. With the
inclusion of a third drilling island, Pentow Skua, the search for oil and
natural gas will shift from the Mossel Bay area to the west coast, the
state-owned Southern 0il Exploration Company Soecor announced. Since the
existing refineries are not used to capacity, the white paper says, there
are no plans for new refineries; instead the existing pipeline net will be
expanded.

In 1985 (1984), the Trek refinery, 52 percent of which is owned by the Gencor
concern, had 675 (472) million rands worth of sales and a net profit of 27.2
(23.0) million rands. Shell South Africa stated in July 1986 that, in 1985,
its capital investments in the Cape country increased by over 1 billion rands,
sales climbed over 40 percent over those of the preceding year, operating
costs by 25 percent, marketing costs by 20 percent, and that, due to the
decline in the value of the rand, its production costs went up by 31 percent.

Chemical production and the export of coal showed above-average growth. While
strictly rejecting the policy of apartheid, Shell SA sees no compelling reason

80



SOUTH AFRICA

SONGFEST SEEN AS EXAMPLE FOR INTERRACIAL UNDERSTANDING
Bloemfontein DIE VOLKSBLAD in Afrikaans 16 Aug 86 p 12
{Column "Weekend Volksblad": "Sing Away Differences"]

[Text] There are much better ways to eliminate differences and mutual tensions
than throwing stones, murdering people, setting buildings on fire and
organizing boycots and strikes. Differences and mutual tensions,

specifically in race relations, can be sung away. This was recently
demonstrated at the Odeion at the UV [University of the Orange Free State?]

in Bloemfontein.

With assistance from the Afrikaans Cultural Council, Kovsgem organized a
choir festival in which groups ranging from the (prestigious) University
Choir to the AGS [expansion unknown] youth choir of Heidedal, from the Pro
Ecclesia choir to the goup of coloreds known as the Christ Ambassadors, from
the Mangaung Choral Society to the Dr. Blok High School Choir, and a number
of others participated. And they provided singing which can truly only be
described as a unique experience.

White and brown and black sang together, listened together, had a good time
together and cheered each other together. And there was not suspicion,
tension, friction or alienation. People realized that, despite numerous and
deep differences, people can get along together, can deal with each other and
can enrich and add pleasure to each other's lives. And it was definitely
preferable to and much more laudable than throwing stones and setting fires
and killing.

There are more laudable ways to break down differences: do it through
cultural activities. Share with each other the best you have to enrich the
human soul and spirit. You do not lose any of it, you only gain. You do not
lose your identity, you only ennoble it.

The sooner people on all sides of the dividing lines discover that there are
more laudable ways to break down differences and disagreements, the better it
is for all of us. And the sooner people discover that culture can build
bridges, the better. And the sooner people on all sides of the dividing
lines meet and get along with each other in this regard, the better for the
future of South Africa.

Thank you, Kovsgem, and all who have demonstrated this truth,

12571
CSO: 3401/187 53



At a press conference in Johannesburg yesterday, Bloedfontein and Geweerfontein
community spokesmen quoted correspondence earlier this year with Mr Wilkens'
department where residents said they were "not prepared to move to Rust Der
Winter because they love their farm and they are happy."

They said they had never been consulted on incorporation.

Should, however, there be inhabitants who are "prepared to move" following
the incorporation of the two farms into Bophuthatswana, Mr [name indistinct]
said they could approach the department which would "then make land available
for settlement." He said these inhabitants would be compensated for "any
losses they may have suffered."

/9738
cso: 3400/8

77



SOUTH AFRICA

GOLD INCREASE EXPECTED TO REDUCE INCOME TAXES

[Editorial Report] Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English on 21 September
1986 carries on page 15 Harry Schwarz's "Talking Cents" column of the
"Review" section in which Mr Schwarz says that with the increased taxation
from gold and platinum mines, the government should reduce income taxes,
spend more, or put the money away for reserves or specific problems.
"Reduced tax would increase disposable income, and with inflation still

at high levels, despite economic fundamentals which should be bringing
prices down, some relief could assist consumer demand in nominal terms, if
not real terms." Schwarz says that concerning the state expenditure,

this can be correctly channelled into job creation to improve the quality
of life, and thereby restore national stability.

19604
CsO: 3400/33

83



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

NUCLEAR PHYSICIST ABROAD —- Professor Willem Naude of the Physics Department
at the University of Stellenbosch will leave Tuesday on a trip abroad, where
from 25 to 30 August he will attend the International Conference on Nuclear
Physics at Harrogate and, upon invitation, will present two papers on the
nuclear structure analysis of the atomic nucleus ““SC. He will also visit
nuclear laboratories in South America, America and Canada, England, Europe
and Israel, and, upon invitation, will give lectures at some of them. [Text]
[Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 8 Aug 86 p 5] 8463

NUCLEAR SECURITY DRILL REQUESTED -- The Cape Town City Council wants to set

up a large scale exercise, with involvement of the public, to seriously test
the adequacy of its civil defense organization for action in case radioactivity
from Koeberg were to enter the municipal borders. The City Council decided

at its monthly meeting to ask the Nuclear Security Council to receive a dele-
gation from the City Council with the request that arrangements be made for
such an exercise. Dr John Sonnenberg has said that they have to show their
cards to the public. An accident at the Koeberg nuclear power station is not
unthinkable when you remember what happened in Russia. It is noted in areport
that the city clerk told the executive committee that it is not always fea—
sible in emergency planning to practice a complete emergency plan. There is,
for example,a five phase plan to evacuate Seepunt. It is the custom to prac-
tice parts of the overall plan, so that in case of a disaster the subsections
can be implemented in a coordinated manner. "Over the last two and a half
years, 112 such partial exercises have been conducted. There were 17 civil
defense exercises and 95 physical evacuation exercises," stated the report.
[Text] [Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 2 Aug 86 p 5] 8463

APPRENTICESHIP COURSE FOR BLACK SOLDIERS--Eight soldiers began the first-
ever SADF tradesman apprenticeship for Blacks in July this year. The
course, offered at 21 Battalion LWT in Lenz, offers Black Permanent Force
soldiers the opportunity to qualify as tradesmen or mechanics according

to National Technical Certificate standards. The course was the brainchild
of Maj R. Viljoen, S02 Manpower at the Directorate Technical Services, who
drafted the course content and examination procedure. The eight trainee
soldiers who registered for the course which began on 1.July, were selected
from all over the country by the Directorate Technical Services and the
Personnel Division. On completion of their apprenticeship they will return
to their regional units. The tradesman course is divided into two phases.
The first, a one-year course called the Technical Operators' Course, is
aimed at improving the students' practical skills with tools as well as their

60



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

BULGARIAN MPS VISIT--Three Bulgarian Members of Parliament are visiting
Zimbabwe under the Bulgaria-Zimbabwe Parliamentarians' Association exchange
programme. The three, Cdes Vassil Tsanov, Marii Ivanov and Yana Zabgnova,
arrived in the country at the weekend and have been staying at a hotel in
Nyanga. They are reciprocating a Zimbabwean MPs' visit to Bulgaria in
1984, The delegation, led by Cde Tsanov, was taken to various tourist
resort centres and projects in Nyanga. The Zimbabwean counterparts, who
included several MPs and senators, on Monday night held a reception to
welcome the delegation, which will be taken to various parts of the country,
including the Victoria Falls.--ZIS [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English
10 Sep 86 p 3] /9317

NETHERLANDS STUDY GRANT--The Dutch government has granted about $300,000 for
studies of the current and future contribution of women to industrial
development in Zimbabwe and two other developing countries. The permanent
representative of the Netherlands to the United Nations Industrial Develop-
ment Organisation, Mr L.H. van Gorkom, announced his country's contribution
at a recent lunch for visiting representatives of Dutch industries. The
subject of the grant was raised at last year's Nairobi world conference to
review the UN Decade for Women. The parties involved were the Dutch minister
for Development Cooperation and a Unido branch responsible for the integration
of women in industrial development. The project will be carried out by
Unido's regional and country studies branch and the Focal Point for Women,

in close co-operation with the national consultants and institutions in the
three countries: Nepal, Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe. The findings are expected
to be discussed in national workshops and the general conclusions will be
presented to the second consultation on the training of industrial manpower
scheduled to be held in Paris next year. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in
English 9 Sep 86 p 3] /9317

CSO: 3400/64

33



SOUTH AFRICA

SOWETO MAYOR'S SUSPENSION RENEWED FOR THIRD TIME
MB121346 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1342 GMT 12 Sep 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 12 Sep (SAPA)--The Mayor of Soweto, Mr Ephraim
Tshabalala, was suspended for a third consecutive term of 45 days by the
Soweto council yesterday pending investigations against him about shack
dwellers in the township. Mr Ambition Brown, the public relations officer
of the Sofasonke Party of which Mr Tshabalala is president, said: "There is
bound to be a reaction in the party to this. During .a meeting of the council
yesterday the public was ordered out of the gallery. This is completely
wrong, because people must see what is going on in the council, Many people
came to the council to find out what was going on. Mr Tshabalala has a lot
of support in Soweto. The people come to council meetings to hear Mr
Tshabalala because he helps people. The council is holding the issue about
the shacks against him, but he helped more than 2000 people with some form
of accommodation. That is precisely why he has the support of the people.
When the council took a decision to suspend Mr Tshabalala again, we found
it unbelievable. How can a council function for 135 days without a mayor?
There is something wrong somewhere," Mr Brown said.

A source in the council said the meeting went into closed session to discuss
Mr Tshabalala's suspension,

/9738
cso: 3400/8

73



SOUTH AFRICA

SOVIET BENEFIT FROM WESTERN SANCTIONS DISCUSSED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 8 Aug 86 p 14
{Editorial: "It Suits the Kremlin"]

[Text] Even before sanctions and their implementation are felt in practice
there are indications of panic among South Africa's neighboring countries.
Even the mere application of stronger border control measures by the Republic
and other relatively mild measures cause fear of food and fuel shortages in
neighboring countries,

What are the consequences of effective sanctions going to be on a subcontinent
which is already largely in a state of disarray? Hunger is widespread, the
economies of most countries in Southern Africa are weak and are getting worse
and worse, and in many of them military struggles are under way which take
large bites out of their budgets. Then it is indeed crazy that South Africa,
which instead of punishments wants to and can extend a helping hand to the
subcontinent, is being subjected to sanctions by the outside world.

Sad

When you look at the conditions in Southern Africa, a sad picture appears. In
Angola a civil war is in progress which absorbs more than one-third of the
Marxist government's budget. The MPLA [Popular Movement for the Liberation of
Angola] government must pay for more than 30,000 Cuban troops within its bor-
ders and for Russian weapons and planes. The country depends almost comple-
tely on its oil production to earn foreign currency, but the oil price took a
dramatic dive recently, with very adverse consequences for its economy.

In Zambia there is increasing dissatisfaction among the people with President
Kenneth Kaunda's government because of the socio-economic conditions among
other things. Zimbabwe in turn has to contend with dissident actions, and the
state of emergency which was imposed in 1965 was recently extended for another
6 months.

Vulnerable
Mozambique is economically in a chaotic situation. The Renamo [Mozambique Na-

tional Resistance] resistance movement operates in only a small part of the
country. Railroad tracks, pipelines and other infrastructural services are

34


an

That is why we can only hope that South Africa, which had the insight to
cross the Rubicon on the side of the government, will also cross the

Kliprivier on the side of the NP.
While this alternative is tragic to consider, it is probably more absurd and

laughable. So much confusion and muddling cannot be permitted which South
Africa is involved in one of its greatest crises over its continued existence.

12571
CSO: 3401/187

49



Betula also have a lot of manioc and want to market it in Maputo, since there
is hardly anyone in the entire province of Gaza who wants to buy it.

"I am very sorry that you cannot stay here longer. You could see with your
own eyes what a surplus of manioc there is in Madender and Betula. At the
last Provincial Assembly meeting we asked other districts to send trucks here
and buy manioc. Unfortunately, only four or five trucks came from Xai-Xai,
Chokwe and Guija, and this was only a drop in the bucket. They are right to
ask for trucks from Maputo, and they are right when they say that all of them
would go back loaded," said Langane, adding that in Madender and Betula they
could load two or three trucks and trailers at a single collective farm.

Asked how to reach the sellers, Langane said that buyers could go either to
the district seat or to the district seat of Chidenguele for directions to
potential local sellers.

In this regard, at a district meeting closing the cashew nut marketing cam-
paign, it was decided that the price would be 20 meticals per kg of manioc, or
an average of 2,000 meticals for a hundred kilos.

However, according to Alberto Langane, the towns of Macuacua, Mamitelane,
Canhine, Chicomo, Ponjuane and Chiducuane are threatened by a drought as bad
as the one in 1983, for there has been no rain since January of this year, and
the plantings have grown little or none at all, except for manioc, which is
more resistant to the heat.

In 1983, thousands died of starvation in that district, and this is still
remembered here.

8844
CSO: 3442/307

22


SOUTH AFRICA

NEW SHIPS STRENGTHEN SOUTH AFRICA'S FLEET
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 7 Aug 86 p 11
[Article: "Fleet Strengthens Fist in Cape Town —- Squadron Moves to Simonstad]

[Text] The striking power of the Navy Command-West will be substantially en-
hanced by the stationing of a squadron of minister class attack vessels in
Simonstad. The first of the squadron's vessels is already in service in
Simonstad and three more will be stationed in Simonstad over the next 2 to 3
years.

Those attack vessels have a maximum speed of 30 knots and with their advanced
weapons they are more formidable than much larger enemy ships. The weapons
system, which includes among other things six of the deadly Scorpion missiles,
is a match for and in some aspects even surpasses similar systems of fleets
elsewhere in the world.

The ships have been designed for local sea conditions and therefore are ideal-
ly suited for the protection of South African harbors, shipping, fish resources
and other maritime interests. South Africa's flotilla of attack vessels is
based in Durban.

Rear Admiral Chris Bennett, commander of the Navy Command-West, told DIE
BURGER yesterday that the development of a squadron of attack vessels in
Simonstad is a logical move. South Africa has a very long coastline and it is
not wise to concentrate defense in one place.

South Africa's latest attack vessel, the P1569, was launched in Durban in March
of this year and taken into service 3 months later. This is one in a series
of nine minister class attack vessels, construction on the first of which
began in 1974, Since then those vessels have been patrolling the South
African territorial waters continuously.

8463
CSO: 3401/176

52


knowledge of engines. Lessons are given by Sgt W.J. Miller and Pte B.C.R.
Gissing, with Maj Viljoen as the course co-ordinator. Instruction is given
in all aspects of handiwork, from measurements to making a scribing-block.
The students then execute these practically. If Phase One is successfully
completed, the students are put before a second CSP selection board and, if
chosen, begin their apprenticeship. This normally extends over three years
and the student qualifies as a tradesman. A similar course begins in January
next year. [Text] [Pretoria PARATUS in English Sep 86 p 32] /9317

PENSIONS OF ‘FORMER RHODESIANS' THREATENED—-Pretoria--Numerous "Former
Rhodesians" in South Africa will be forced to return to that country if the
payment of pesions to South African citizens is stopped. The national
secretary of the Rhodesia Association of South Africa, John Redfern, reacted
to threats by Zimbabwe's prime minister Robert Mugabe, saying that such an
action would have serious consequences, especially for senior citizens,
invalids and the dispossessed. More than 40,000 pensioners are affected.
"There are six categories of pensioners from Zimbabwe in South Africa, whose
pensions vary between R15 a month, for persons who lived in the old
Federation, to more than R2000 per month, for persons who worked for a long
time and belonged to private pension plans," Redfern said. Former
Zimbabweans in South Africa receive payments from Zimbabwe, formerly the
Federation: widows pensions, annuities, disability payments and old-age
pensions. It is unfortunately the case that that the people who will be
hardest hit if Mugabe carries out this part of his campaign of sanctions
against South Africa will be senior citizens, the sick and dispossessed, who
are entirely dependent on the pensions for their living, according to
Redfern, Those who have lived in the republic for at least five years or who
are South African citizens may be eligible for a South African pension.
However, the old-age pension in South Africa only amounts to R200 per month.
He further stated that Zimbabwe is not exactly a wonderful place to return to
as far as standards of living and medical care are concerned, and they would
not be welcome there anyway. [Text] [Pretoria DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans
13 Aug 86 p 2] 12571

FORMER RHODESIANS HELP BREAK SANCTIONS--Johannesburg--South Africa is ready
with a top team of sanction breakers who have already started implementing
several plans to undermine the effects of sanctions. Most of the members of
the team have a lot of experience from the past war of sanctions against
Rhodesia and from oil and weapon embargoes here in South Africa. Various
members of the team have already travelled abroad to activate their plans.
The team is at work in almost every conceivable area of both import and
export of South African products. Many of Rhodesia's top sanction breakers
have lived in South Africa for several years and are being engaged by the
team, In addition, there are also many people full of plans from our own
country, plans which have been tried out. A reliable source told DIE
VADERLAND that many of the plans which have already been received are so good
that they will work without a hitch to ensure that the country in many cases
will notice no effects of the sanctions. Our source stated that there still
are many areas which have yet to be covered, and there are many exports
through which sanctions can hurt the country if effective plans cannot be
implemented soon enough. The nature of the matter makes it impossible for us

61



Chimoio Airport Undergoing Rehabilitation
(Jordao Domingos; NOTICIAS, 19 Aug 86) ......4.

Briefs
Gaza Cashew Marketing Figures
Machanga Salt, Fish Production Hampered
Beira Drainage System Soon

SWAZILAND

Briefs
Warning Against RSA Dummy Corporations

ZAMBIA
Eurofunds for Modernization, Expansion of Copper Mining
(FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT, 18 Aug 86)
ZIMBABWE
Continued Western Aid for Easing Deficits Less Certain
(FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT, 22 Aug 86)
Indian-Made Tractors To Be Assembled Locally
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 5 Sep 86) .eccsccccccccscccvcevece
Agriculture Ministry Urges Exploitation of 'Indigenous' Pigs
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 5 Sep 86) .scceccscescvccececceres
Briefs
Bulgarian MPS Visit
Netherlands Study Grant
SOUTH AFRICA
AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

Soviet Benefit From Western Sanctions Discussed
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 8 Aug 86) ..ccccscecccerccccccvcee

SADF Disclaims Military Pact With Morocco
(THE SUNDAY STAR, 7 Sep 86) ..cscccecccecccccscecccscscece

Botha Welcomes Shift in Afrikaner Cultural Group
(THE CITIZEN, 12 Sep 86) .ccseccececcececcsccececcerercess

Le Grange Discusses Unrest, Abuse of Power
(SAPA, 19, 20 Sep 86) ..cccceccccccccccevccccccccsvesecces

Gives 12-Month Statistics

-b-

23

25
25
26

27

31

32

33

34

36

37

38

38



"Qver the last 18 months the most effective intimidation achieved has been
simply showing a box of matches to people who break boycotts, for example, to
indicate their houses will be burnt down. The intimidator merely shows the
box of matches and leans back against a lamppost,” Mr le Grange said.

However, in spite of the difficulties presented by this type of action, there
were strict laws against intimidation and the police were achieving a high
degree of success, he said. "To a great extent we have been able to counter
intimidation, especially now with the state of emergency, because it is easier
to remove these people from the streets."

Praising the dedication to duty of members of the SA police, Mr le Grange said
they might be physically exhausted after two years of combatting unrest day
and night, "but there is not one policeman who is symbolically tired of his
work.”

/12913
cso: 3400/31

ay



In that year, 12.2 percent of their attacks had been against soft targets,
while the others had been against hard targets. “In 1986, this has changed to
80.7 percent of attacks against soft targets and 19.3 percent against hard
targets, confirming their cowardly actions against innocent members of the
public regardless of race or colour.”

Says Authorities Guarding Against Power Abuse
MB191339 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1310 GMT 19 Sep 86

[Text] Potchefstroom 19 September SAPA--Although unrest could not be handled
with kid gloves the government was continually guarding against authorities
abuse of power, the Minister of Law and Order, Mr Louis le Grange, said today.
Detailing legal safeguards at a graduation ceremony at Potchefstroom
University, he said it was "impossible" for state of emergency detainees to be
ill-treated or assaulted in terms of the regulations without such actions
being speedily uncovered. Large numbers of people had been detained in recent
years in terms of security legislation or emergency regulations as part of the
state's efforts to counter unrest and “when the bow is strung taut, it is
logical that incidents of abuse of power will happen because we are dealing
with people."

The government was not prepared to allow or condemn any illegal actions by a
security force member and strong steps were taken to prevent this. Every
complaint submitted "in a responsible manner" was fully investigated, with the
police dossier being submitted to the attorney-general for a decision on
possible prosecution. Mr le Grange said people held in terms of the emergency
regulations or Section 29 of the Internal Security Act had to be examined by a
doctor on their detention, and that detainees were visited by supreme court
judges,who immediately conveyed any complaints to either himself or the
minister of justice. The commissioner of police had arranged that complaints
of ill-treatment or assault be immediately investigated by a member of a
branch of the police which could not be involved in the incident, and that
this was controlled at a senior level. Detainees were also regularly visited
by police or prison officers, and any complaints they received were dealt with
immediately.

Mr le Grange said detainees were also allowed a visit by a family member once
every 14 days. With the exception of a small number of cases where the
investigation into a crime could be disrupted, legal representatives were also
allowed to visit detainees. “It is therefore not possible for detainees to be
ill-treated or assaulted in terms of the emergency regulations without it
being speedily uncovered,” he said.

MMF power was a factor in only 1.68 percent of the total complaints reported
to judges, and experience had shown only about 1 percent of these proved to
have merit later. “I get the impression that many of the alleged complaints
are only a calculated attempt by detainees to place the police in a poor
light," he said. There were strict regulations governing the detention of
people held in terms of Section 29, and the law provided for compulsory visits
by magistrates, district surgeons and inspectors. “During the past year

39



SOUTH AFRICA

REPORTAGE ON FRG, BUTHELEZI CONNECTION

"Attack' By Ambassador—Designate

MB130428 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1950 GMT 12 Sep 86
[SAPA PR Wire Service; issued by the chief minister's office, Ulundi]

[Text] Ulundi, Friday--Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi has sent a sharp diplomatic
response to the West German Government following an astonishing attack on him
by the German Ambassador-designate to South Africa, Dr Hans-Gunter Sulimma.

Dr Sulimma, who heads Bonn's Africa desk, is reported to have said that Chief
Buthelezi "ruled Kwazulu as a dictator," that South African extra~parliamentary
groups were strongly opposed to him and that he could not understand the West
German Government's preference for him.

And in a meeting in Ulundi this week the Kwazulu chief minister asked West
Germany's Durban consul, Mr Dieter Sasse, to convey his "shock and dismay"
to his government on what he called Dr Sulimma's "totally appalling" remarks.

The views were not only insulting to him and Inkatha but were damaging to the
processes of negotiation and reconciliation, he told Mr Sasse.

They played right into the hands of black political factions which were
striving all out to bring about a future South Africa which would be repug-
nant to every Western European sense of democratic decency,

He wondered what messages had been arriving in Bonn from the Federal Republic's
amdassadorial and consular offices in South Africa.

Chief Buthelezi invited Mr Sasse to investigate Inkatha's democratic. nature,

to formulate his views on whether or not he ruled Kwazulu as a dictator and
to report accordingly to his government.

64


about a deterioration in the country's economic and financial situation. In
this connection, the MPLA Central Committee (the country's leadership organ)
assigned the government the task of reorganizing the banks and undertaking a
more stringent control over the management of the exchange budget.

Moreover, the MPLA leadership recommended to the government the restructuring
of the ministries in the productive area, freeing them from various intermedi-
ate services considered unnecessary for their operation.

The news media were also a target of several instructions indicating the need
to improve and reinforce the mechanisms for their monitoring and control.

At the same time, it was recommended that there be an enhancement in the
professional quality and politico-ideological training of journalists. It
should be noted that there is no Ministry of Information in Angola. The news
media are directly subordinate to the MPLA Central Committee's Department for
the Ideological Area, which directs all the informational organs from a metho-
dological standpoint.

But the real problem for the Angolan authorities at present (in addition to the
war) is related to the country's economic and financial equilibrium. According
to recent statements made by the Angolan minister for the production area,
Pedro Van.Dunem, the drop in oil prices has already caused the loss of a third
of the revenue. Furthermore, Angola appears not to be very willing to abide

by one of the decisions of OPEC aimed at reducing production; because this runs
counter to Angolan internal plans which are aimed, on the other hand, at rein-
forcing production.

Finally, Angola is attempting to rapidly attract Western investment and, for
this purpose, it has established an offensive with several European economic
powers. In addition to Ismael Martins' visit to London, Pedro Van Dunem was
in. Paris, Madrid, and Rome, demonstrating Luanda's economic receptiveness to
investments in priority areas of the Angolan economy, such as fishing and
industries associated with the sea, and the maintenance and training of cadres.

Something no less important to economic equilibrium and streamlining: the recent
promulgation of the Statute on the Cooperant Worker. For some time, the Angolan
Government had been calling attention to the squandering of foreign exchange

on certain foreign labor which often lacks the qualifications required for the
discharge of the positions for which it had been contracted.

Moreover, there was also little concern over turning every cooperant into a
trainer of native.cadres, as the late President Neto wanted. The problem with
some cooperants even reached the point where they engaged in a high degree of
absenteeism. Now, the new law establishes the principle. of the conveying of
technical or scientific knowledge to the Angolan workers, as well as the payment
of taxes and contributions based on regulations.. Devised for the purpose of
eliminating certain gaps and shortcomings, the new. law also deals with the
termination of the individual contracts for cooperation. The termination may



A high-ranking police source said one of the tasks facing the new force
was curbing the violence of the "comrades."

General Wandrag said: "The special constables will work under the super-
vision of ordinary members of the force and they will have basically the
same powers as regular members of the police, as explained in the Police
Act." The Police Act says: "Whenever there are not in any locality
sufficient ordinary members of the force available to perform police
duties or any particular police duty--the commissioner may appoint as
temporary members to act as such, so many fit and proper persons as may
be necessary for the performance of any such duty."

Aged between 25 and 45, the special constables are being trained to deal
with unrest and to perform normal police duties. Said General Wandrag:
"The special constables are being trained to fill the gaps in the police
force that occur from time to time. We are training about 1,000 men to
perform the basic duties of ordinary policemen."

Statistics show South Africa has about 1.6 policemen for every 1,000
citizens, but police aim to expand the force to three policemen for each
thousand people, as in the case of most other Western countries. Police
aim to expand their force to 56,000 members.

General Wandrag said the special constables were recruited from around
South Africa.

A spokesman at the Directorate of Public Relations of the police said the
special constables will be introduced to the public at a passing-out
parade later this month.

Training Explained
MB221803 Johannesburg Television Service in English 1600 GMT 22 Sep 86

[Text] Law and Order Minister Louis le Grange says the 1,000 special
constables being trained for auxiliary work in black townships will have
limited powers and be used only under the proper guidance and control

of senior police non-commissioned officers [NCO]. The minister was giving
further details on the training of the new constables which he announced
at the Transvaal National Party Congress at the weekend. Mr Le Grange said
today that the police were supplementing their manpower by ways of special
constables who were to be used in certain unrest areas. The minister also
quelled fears that’a number of undiscipled men would be let loose on the
public. They would be directly counselled by senior and experienced NCO's.
The new constables will not have the same status or training as regular

as SAP members. They will also wear clearly identifiable uiforms to
portray that they are police and at the same time allow the public to see
the difference between them and regular police members.

19604
cso: 3400/34

51



The construction costs for the Lesotho Highlands Project are estimated to be
R3.42 per cubic meter per year, and for the alternative scheme R1.03 cubic
per meter per year. Even if the electricity which the highland project is to
generate for Lesotho is taken into consideration, the plan remains an
expensive folly, Prof. Stephenson says.

He also criticized the minstry of water affairs' projection of 6 to 10 percent
annual growth in water consumption in the PWV area. The actual estimated
increase will amount to only 4 percent annually.

Earlier Prof. Heinrich Borchert of the University of Hamburg had also
criticized the Lesotho project. He argued that it would only shift water
from the Orange River to the Vaal River. Prof. Borchert prefers a canal with
only a few pumping stations from the Zambezi through the north of Botswana;
this scheme would be able to provide the PWK area 2.19 billion cubic meters
annually at about half the cost of the Lesotho project.

Prof. Stepheson's colleague, Prof. D.C. Midgley, has also proposed a Zambezi
water project through the southern part of Botswana at about half the cost of
the Lesotho scheme.

Engineers in Namibia also have called for a Zambezi water project which would
bring 1.5 billion cubic meters through the Caprivi Strip to the Black Nosob
north of Windhoek. From there the plan includes the canalization of the
Nosob down to the Orange River, or alternatively the construction of a canal
to near Vryburg to the north. This scheme would also cost far less than the
Lesotho project, according to Sarel Becker, the HNP [Reconstituted National
Party] secretary of Namibia. Because of political aspects of the Namibia
project, the HNP would prefer that alternative, Beceker said.

12571
CSO: 3401/185

57



ANGOLA

UNITA SAID CONSIDERING CEASE-FIRE, MPLA TALKS
Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 23 Aug 86 p 16

[Text] The main topic of discussion at UNITA's congress, which will take
place in the next few days at Jonas Savimbi's headquarters in Jamba, in far
southeast Angola, is “an analysis of the peace problem in Angola." This in-
formation was given to EXPRESSO yesterday by a reliable source from within
UNITA who asked not to be identified.

UNITA would be willing to accept a cease-fire in the war that has been going
on for 11 years if talks can be held with the MPLA, the source said. “We re—
peat our willingness to engage in a dialogue as the only way to end conflict
in Angola," he said, adding that “direct negotiations with the MPLA are the
only way to break out of the impasse the country is in."

According to UNITA, the congress, which will remain in session “as long as
there is something to discuss," is anticipating about 2,000 delegates "from
all over the country" and some Western delegations.

Initially, UNITA would be willing to enter into contacts "to discuss the si-
tuation unconditionally." These would be followed by other formal or informal
contacts designed to end the conflict and bring about a “multi-party transi-
tion" which would culminate in "elections throughout Angola."

Negotiations with UNITA are "out of the question" for the Luanda government,
which refuses to make any contact with Savimbi's movement. However, some
sources admit informally that dialogue might be possible at some point in the
future, but "never with Jonas Savimbi," who is accused of “carrying out Pre-
toria's orders."

Luanda is firmly convinced that if Namibia were independent and South African
support for UNITA were cut off, UNITA "wouldn't last more than two or three
years." UNITA sources contacted yesterday by EXPRESSO claimed control of
parts of southern Angolan provinces and insisted that Cuito Cuanavale, an
important FAPLA base, had been neutralized last week.

UNITA has systematically denied South African support in the attack on this
base.

Luanda, for its part, claims that Pretoria's troops were involved in combat.
Neither claim can be confirmed. The most recent word on the subject was a

11



JPRS-SSA-86-105
16 OCTOBER 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Effectiveness of West African Currency Union Analyzed
(Carola Kaps; FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE, 11 Aug 86) .....ee--

FRG Firms Active in Ocean, Inland Shipping Development
(FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT, 22 Aug 86)

ANGOLA
Reportage on Various Economic Sectors
(AFRICA HOJE, No 15, Aug 86) ..scccccecccccccccccccececees
UNITA Said Considering Cease-Fire, MPLA Talks
(EXPRESSO, 23 Aug 86) ..cececccceccccvccccevcccvccsucccces
Savimbi on Internal Factions, Improving UNITA's Intelligence
(Antonio Duarte; 0 JORNAL, 12 Sep 86) ..sceeeeeeees
"Independent Democrats' Disseminate Anti-MPLA Information
(Carlos da Matta; SEMANARIO, 23 Aug 86) ...seces
Briefs
UNITA Against Military Convoy Travel
Two Youth Delegations Visit GDR
ANGOP Signs Cooperation Pact
MOZAMBIQUE

Soviet Correspondent Describes Book Exchange, Cooperation
(Nikolai Venediktov; DOMINGO, 17 Aug 86) w.ccccececceceere

Mandlakaze Peasants Announce Manioc Surplus
(Inacio Nhantumbo; DOMINGO, 17 Aug 86) .

11

13

19

2



ZIMBABWE

AGRICULTURE MINISTRY URGES EXPLOITATION OF '‘INDIGENOUS' PIGS

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE (Farming) in English 5 Sep 86 p 24

[Text]

THE tougl

scavenger whose Chinese or Eu
ropean ancestors are thought to |
have escaped from-early settlers |
to interbreed with wild bushpigs, |
is to'be the subject of a survey |
which may lead to greater pork
production . in . ‘the? communal

ability to aawive ‘has impressed pig
breeders, Who: now:.have greater
things in mind for. the. swine’s.
progeny —- an improved body
shape, @. touch .of /pedigree blood
and 2 more prominent role in he na-
tion’s.cash economy...

Of the estimated:70.000 pigs kept
i¢: hajority are “‘in-

However, this-is a'small propor-
tion of the:120.000 to-130 G00 pigs.
-shich are sold annually to the coun-
try's slanghterhouses and find their
way into sausages, pies or the pot.

‘The Ministry of Agriculture, safe
in the knowledge that pigs are kind
to the environment, is now en-
couraging increased pork produc-
tion among peasants and the survey
results will give agriculturalists a

better idea of how te aciteve this
objective

«German. 2 ration with an”
appetite for pork. has come

/9317
CSO: 3400/64

to Zimbabwe's
send a sociotogi
the relationship between the free-
tanging swine and its master.

Initial findings of researchers are
‘that peasants are less reluctant to
part with their pigs than their cattle
‘and that the greatest potential for
meat offiake in the communal areas
is among small livestock,

‘The Departnient of Research and
Specialist Services’ small farming
systems research unit, the statuto-
ry Pig Industry Board and Agritex
have clubbed together to conduct the
survey.

Dr Dave Holness, director of the
PIB, said it was first of all meant
to establish whether expanded pig
production was necessary —
whether there was a market for
more pork.

Next, it would establish the fac-
tors which limited pork production
and what information was available
to boost it.

Finally, the surveyors would pin-
point the commurial areas which al-
ready had a concentration of pig
tarmers and take a tally of these
producers before mapping out the

“training needs of extension workers

and farmers in those areas

Dr Holness said the survey would
begip soon and hoped it would be
‘completed before the end of the
year, so that training could begin
early next year

32

ance and i§ to;
to help investigate”

He said the “indigenous” pigs{
were well adapted and the sows’
were good mothers as well as breed-
ers, but they were poor converters:
of food.

Scientists using both local and!
German funds, were busy at Hen-
derson Research Station trying to
develop a suitable genotype for
small-scale and extensive (as op-
posed to intensive) pig production.

They were trying to combine the
hardiness and good mothering qual-
ities, with the food-conversion abil-
ities and size of the eXotic breeds.

The local pigs, he said, were big
in front and small in the rear and

* were much smaller than the foreign

Duroc, Large White and Hampshire
varieties with which they were cur-
rently being crossed. __-.

The Pig Industry Board, he said,
was also doing feed trials on the:
“‘indigenous”’ pigs which included:
mhunga, rapoko and swéet'potato.”

Researchers, he said, hoped" to
develop an improved pig that would
yield relatively low-quality meat at
a lew cost.

While exotic.types which had
been bred. for’ bacon. and conyen=;
tional pork products needed: rela-,
‘ated management,
care and feeding, their indigenous
counterparts were better equipped
to process a variety of foods of low
nutrient density.



SOUTH AFRICA

CROSSROADS REFUGEES REFUSE TO MOVE TO KHAYELITSHA
MB120704 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0655 GMT 12 Sep 86

[Text] Cape Town, 12 Sep (SAPA)-~Refugees from the devastated areas of
Crossroads and KTC are living in "terrible conditions" in and around Nyanga
but are still "absolutely determined" not to move to Khayelitsha.

A Progressive Federal Party unrest monitoring action committee member and MP
for Claremont, Mr Jan van Eck, said he had spoken to dozens of refugees

yesterday and found them “totally committed" to moving back to the land they
fled when attacked by "witdoek" [white scarves] vigilantes earlier this year.

"It's a political decision. They feel they have been robbed and that they
must win their land back," Mr Van Eck said.

A new generation of squatter leaders was emerging to voice the peoples
opposition to moving to Khayelitsha.

One woman told him: "They have won so many times. They can‘t win again, If
we move to Khayelitsha, they will have won again."

Churches and welfare organizations who have been sheltering refugees have
been forced to ask them to leave as funds and resources run out. Thousands

of people are believed to be squatting all over Nyanga and in the bush between
Kipfontein Road and Nyanga.

Mr van Eck said a group of refugees had set up a temporary camp on the dunes
near the community services offices, formerly the western Cape Administration
Board. "Another group have set up a shantytown on Oscar Mpetha Square in

the middle of Nyanga.

"It is symptomatic of their resolve not to go to Khayelitsha that they are
prepared to live under these conditions," Mr van Eck said.

19738
cso: 3400/8

Th



The Soviet pavilion will also display works on the natural sciences, power
generation, machine building, metallurgy, radio and electronics, agriculture,
construction, various guides and manuals, instructional materials, and conver-
sation manuals and dictionaries for Russian-language students.

The fiction section will include works by classic Russian and Soviet writers:

Leo Tolstoy, Maxim Gorki, Mikhail Sholokhov, Mikhail Bulgakov, Boris Polevoi,
ete.

In addition to books, the exposition will also display records, stamps and
foreign-language newspapers and magazines.

8844
CSO: 3442/307

20


NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not. clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of
U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



SOUTH AFRICA

IMPACT OF COURT DECISIONS DISCUSSED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 2 Aug 86 p 8

[Article by Dawie in the "From my Political Pen" column: "Fight in the Courts
Is New Dimension in Propaganda War"]

[Text] Even those who in the past were rather cynical about it must have
realized with a shock by now the harsh truth that the revolutionary attack on
South Africa comes in many guises.

That attack is being waged on every terrain and on every front, even in the
courts, one of the highly honored pillars of the so-called unacceptable South
Africa which the most radical powers want to render ungovernable.

It is clear that the radicals have also harnessed the legal process for their
"fight," especially with the intention of making propaganda.

"Boendoe' Courts

That is certainly their right. The irony is that there are elements among
the radical powers who for a long time now have excused the atrocities of the
"boendoe" courts on the grounds that the blacks have lost their trust in the
police and the administration of justice.

The "boendoe" courts have already had dozens of "collaborators" and "puppets"
put to death with the famous "Winnie's necklace," after secret trials, which
makes a mockery of every respectable rule of law.

The extreme radicals have two goals with the "boendoe" courts. First of all,
they want to demonstrate their rejection of the existing legal system, and,
secondly, they use them as a dreadful means of intimidation, in addition to
the terrorists’ bombs and AK47's.

The series of requests about restriction orders and other emergency regula-
tions in various divisions of the Supreme Court occur at a completely different
level, and have opened a brand new dimension in the domestic struggle.

A positive consequence of this is that confidence in and respect for South

Africa's independent court have been tested and confirmed for the umpteenth
time.

44



ZAMBIA

EUROFUNDS FOR MODERNIZATION, EXPANSION OF COPPER MINING

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German
18 August 86 p 2

[Article by ei., Luxembourg: "Eurofunds for Zambia. Copper Mining To Be
Modernized and Expanded" ]

[Text] ‘Ihe European Investment Bank has approved a 50-million-ecu loan for
the company Gecamines-Exploitation (Generale des Carrieres et des Mines) to
help finance the reorganization and modernization of copper mining in Shaba.
The loan has been granted under the Third Lome Agreement for a 15 year period.
Its interest rate is 5 percent and includes an interest rebate from capital
of the European Development Fund. The money that is now becoming available
will be spent in the Zairian-Zambian "copperbelt" area which accounts for
about 12 percent of the world's copper deposits and for more than half of

its cobalt deposits.

The funds are earmarked for the reorganization of the Kolvici and Camoto-Dima
processing plants, for processing the slags and waste gas of the Lumumbashi
thermal plant and for some investments in steelworks which are designed to
make the production of metal more efficient. The project is part of an overall
program which includes the purchase of more efficient equipment, the
modernization of antiquated ore-mining, -processing and -smelting plants,

an electrical refinery, a training program, and preliminary work on
mineralogical exploration, and technical studies for long-term development.

The overall objective of the program, which will probably take five years

to complete and require total investments of 790 million ecus, is to increase
the profitability of the plants as required by current price trends for copper
and cobalt. Besides the European Investment Bank, also participating in
financing the overall project are the World Bank, the Caisse Centrale de
Cooperation Economique in Paris and the African Development Bank. In addition,
a request has been submitted to the EC for funds from Sysmin.

7821
CSO: 3420/58

28



BOTHA WELCOMES SHIFT IN AFRIKANER CULTURAL GROUP

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Sep 86 p 8

[Text]

/9317
CSO: 3400/38

‘THE State President, Mr
P W Botha, last night
opened the new building

said the building was a
motion of confidence in
the future, not only of the
Akademie, but more so in

that of a stable South,

Africa.

Mr Botha said the Aka- |

demie, celebrating its
Tith | anniversary — thi
year, had sought and
given .answers honestly
and objectively to ques-
tions with which the
young Afrikaans lan-
guage and culture had
confronted it.

There had been a no-
ticeable and welcome
shift in the Akademie to
actuality and relevancy,

Mr Botha said, and this
was proper today.

37

He said that in the past
years the Akademie had
moved cautiously in ‘the
direction of a wider bond,
wider than the traditional
bond of White Afrika-
ners, to embrace with its
membership ~ all those
dedicated to the interests
of the Afrikaans language

It was necessary for the
Akademie to "preserve
and develop other exist-
ing or potential bonds in
the cultural, scientific,
economic and social
spheres and in sport and
recreation, so as to pre-
vent crippling division
and alienation in the
country.

Mr Botha also asked
the Akademie to direct its
initiative and creative
ability in building ties in
its chosen sphere of work.
—Sapa.

SOUTH AFRICA



MOZAMBIQUE

CHIMOIO AIRPORT UNDERGOING REHABILITATION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 Aug 86 p 3
[Article by Jordao Domingos]

[Text] Rehabilitation and improvement works are presently being executed at
the airport of Chimoio, capital of Manica Province. The works, according to
Eugenio Matsinhe, Provincial Director for Transport and Communications [DPTC],
comprise, for the time being, painting of the runway lines and the parking
sign.

In effect, the painting of the runway lines and the parking sign is practically
completed, and the final touches. are now being applied. To. pay for this work,
the provincial government made available to the DPTC an amount of convertible
currency to acquire the proper materials.

The Chimoio airport could acquire a lighted runway, which would depend on
whether the Airport Enterprise of Mozambique gives the "green light," because
this work requires imported equipment, which the province cannot presently
afford.

“Here in the province, we have some necessary technical resources, such as
personnel qualified for this type of operation, but we also depend on what

the Airport Enterprise supplies us in terms of equipment that we can utilize,"
explained the director.

Meanwhile, electrification of the zone around the Chimoio airport has also
been completed.

‘Je have already bput into place the poles and necessary lamps. around the
installations, and we have mounted the generator that will provide electrical
energy to the zone. The fact that we have not yet turned on the power is due
to the lack of construction materials for building some protection to shelter
the generator. But we hope to resolve this problem soon" he stated.

Hangar Construction Behind Schedule
Meanwhile, construction of a hangar capable of sheltering two small airplanes,
begun at the end of 1984, has been suspended because of an enormous lack of

construction materials, in particular cement and fiberglass sheets for the
exterior.

23



Frankfurt, a subsidiary of the Philipp Holzmann construction company,
Frankfurt, has obtained from the Cape Verde Islands a contract as a consortium
partner to do a feasibility study on shipping. In addition, the island state
has awarded a subcontract to the Dr Ing Walter GmbH & Co. International-DIWI,
Essen, to advise a repairshop on how to repair ship engines.

7821
cso: 3420/58



19317
cso: 3400/38

Overall area suitability and enemy jam-
vulnerable areas can also be fed into the
computer to evaluate a plan drawn up for
a specific time, with respect to resources
placed at the planner's disposal.

A major benefit of the Network Plan-
ning mode is that real frequency and op-
erational plans can be simulated and
checked before being put into action —
thus saving time and money and enhanc-
ing the probability of success. At the
same time, possible alternatives can be
evaluated. -

A fourth mode being developed by
Reutech for this flexible and expandable
universal system is the simulation of
equipment faults, The signaller is then
trained to respond the fault symptoms
generated by the system. >

The major advantages of Reutech’s
MAPS Simulator are:

59

* Repetitive training of procedures.

* Intensive pratice in handling difficult

situations without the interference of

external factors such as adverse

weather or time of day.

Flexibility with exercises ranging from

simple two-way-nets to complex

counter-insurgency and conventional

warfare nets.

* Repeatable situations under predicta-

bie operating conditions.

instructors’ collective experience built

into the system.

The encouragement of better log-keep-

ing.

* Uniform training standards and trainee
evaluation.

* Time and money savings.

* Client customisation.

* Superior communications systems
training in vital ereas where a single
mistake in the field could prove fatal.



SOUTH AFRICA

CONCERN GROWS OVER FORCED REMOVALS IN PRETORIA
More Than 15,000 People Threatened
MB171621 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1541 GMT 17 Sep 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 17 Sep (SAPA)--More than 15,000 people from two farms
north of Pretoria are to be forced off their land despite the government's
declaration that force removals are over. Meanwhile more than 10,000 others

face loss of their South African citizenship following the threat of inclusion
of their land into Bophuthatswana.

A press conference today heard leaders of the 15,000-strong communities of
Bloedfontein and Geweerfontein near Pretoria denounce government plans to

hand over their land to Bophuthatswana and to move them to Rust Der Winter--

an area to be incorporated into KwaNdebele. "We do not want to be incorporated
into Bophuthatswana, as under threat government we will be very much oppressed,"
a spokesman told the press. "We want to stay where we are," he said. In

terms of the borders of particular states extension bill--passed on September

5 by all three houses of parliament--the two areas have been placed under
Bophuthatswana.

In correspondence earlier this year with Mr Ben Wilkens, deputy minister of
development and land affairs, a Bloedfontein representative siad: "The

tribe is not prepared to move to Rust Der Winter because they love their farms
and they are happy."

Residents of Bloedfontien and Geweerfontien first read of the removal plans in
the press despite government statements that the communities. had agreed to
cooperate with the move. Progressive Federal Party MP, Mrs Helen Suzman,

told the press that white farmers in the Rust Der Winter area earmarked for
the removed communities "have not been consulted." A statement from a white
farmer in the area described the move as “against the people's desire... we
plead for a reprieve."

Two other Transvval communities affected by the borders of particular states
extension bill are Braklaagte--a community of about 10,000 in the Marico
District--and the Machakaneng of the farm Boschfontein near Brits. Both
areas face incorporation into Bophuthatswana. According to their spokesmen,

75



A serious disadvantage could be the way in which court decisions, usually only
on purely technical points, are used as big "victories" in the propaganda war,
which represents such an important part of the revolutionary attack.

Liaison Word

Then technical points can even be misused in terms of propaganda to indicate
that a government may be slipping. Thus revolutionary powers hope to regain
with propaganda the momentum they have lost since the announcement of the state
of emergency. Another goal is to give people the impression that the safety
situation is once again unravelling.

The singificance of such propaganda, however far-reaching it may be, should
not be underestimated.

As a matter of fact, in revolutionary warfare propaganda is estimated so highly
that after the takeover of Cuba one of the world's best known revolutionaries,
Che Guevara, let it be known that the struggle for Cuba really had been a
"liaison work campaign" waged in Washington and New York.

A revolutionary campaign is not aimed solely at isolating the government it
wants to overthrow abroad and at alienating it from its allies, but also at
alienating people within the country from the government and winning them over
to the revolution, in whatever way possible.

That is why revolutionaries try hard to. undermine confidence in the govern-
ment's ability to handle the security situation.

The government in turn must fight the underminers effectively, among other
things through the maintenance of law and order in a manner which compels
respect.

Vague, incomprehensible or inadequate formulations of emergency regulations
will not succeed in this. Where there are gaps, they should be quickly cor-
rected, and it is in that light that the latest changes should be seen.

And there should be no suspicion either that even though regulations have been
issued the intention may really have been not to implement them. In that case
those who obey the law are placed in an impossible situation, while the autho-
rity of the law is undermined.

At the same time the government must continuously, also through new steps to
adjust to altered circumstances, display the will to stem the revolutionary
momentum.

The revolutionary textbooks openly declare that the momentum of the crisis
must be maintained and accelerated. Hence, South Africa's radicals must not
be allowed to recover from the setbacks they have experienced through the
maintenance of law and order.

45



SOUTH AFRICA

BYELECTION 'BASIC TEST' FOR DIRECTION OF SOUTH AFRICA
Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 21 Aug 86 p 10

[Column "Political Scene" by Willie Kuhn: "All Eyes on Kliprivier.
Election a Basic Test for the Direction South Africa to Follow". ]

[Text] Less than a month from now there will be parliamentary elections held
in Kliprivier. This is not one of those elections which are going to set the
country on fire, but every survey of voters is important, and that is why
Kliprivier deserves attention.

Nowadays byelections often provide an opportunity for power struggles between
the NP [National Party] and the rightist parties. Although the PFP
[Progressive Federal Party] is the official opposition, it is often not
prepared to test its strength againts the NP in the urban complexes of the
north—~and Kliprivier is enemy territory for the PFP.

This permits the NP and the KP [Conservative Party]/HNP [Reconstituted
National Party] to attempt once again to capture the political heart of the
Afrikaner, whihs is still the key to power in white politics.

The HNP's victory in Sasolburg last year makes it clear that the rightist
parties should not be underestimated. In other municipal and semi-municipal
precincts the right has also received amazingly many votes.

Since the last series of byelections various factors have changed:

- The AWB [Afrikaans resistance movement] came out with its power play,
stirring up politics on the right.

- The debate on a Boer state has become a point of conflict for the right.

- The state of emergency has started to divert attention from the militant

white response to where it belongs: the revolutionary assault, which is
primarily black and leftist.

Kliprivier will be able to confirm whether the last factor above all has
improved the position of the senior partner in the government. If South
Africa has been frightened in recent months by the excesses and threats from
both left and right, there should be a movement back toward the center.

Thus Kliprivier can demonstrate whether white South Africans have a feeling
of constantly walking the edge of an abyss as far as the rightist factions
with their strange and dangerous convictions are concerned.

Especially for this reason it is interesting to contrast the federal NP
congress in Durban last week with the Transvaal KP congress in Pretoria.

47



occur by mutual agreement, based on cancellation of the initiative on the part
of the employing entity or the worker, and expiration; and in the first and
second instances, the termination may occur at any time, regardless of the
duration of the contract.

As for the employer's cancellation with just cause, or cancellation by the
worker without just cause, it causes the latter to be obliged to compensate the
company for a sum equivalent to 3 months" contractual wages. In such instances,
the cooperant is obliged to leave the country within a period of 8 days follow-
ing the time limit for an appeal.

Angola Exporting Wood

The Panga-Panga enterprise, which manufactures pressed wood essentially, has
been authorized to export its products. At first glance, this fact may have
gone unnoticed, because Angola is a country with abundant forests, a major
natural resource. But the fact is that, when speaking about Angola, all of us
usually think in terms of oil and coffee, and food imports.

Hence the importance of the first sale to the Italian Industrial Technological
Lumber Company (STIL) of millions. of square meters of sheets (nearly 123
million of top quality) which were of excellent quality, worth nearly $80,000.
It should be stressed that Panga—Panga recently won the gold médal at the
Leipzig Fair (in the Democratic Republic of Germany), which will afford it
greater recognition on the international market.

Former FNLA Official Named General Director

Johnny Pinock Eduardo, a former prominent member of Holden Roberto's FNLA, was
recently named by the Angolan minister of energy and petroleum, Pedro Van Dunem,
to the position of general director of the Oil Services Enterprise (ESPA),
according to a report carried by ANGOP [Angolan Press Agency].

Some observers think that this measure is part of a more extensive MPLA policy
to integrate into the country's legal context all the members of the former
FNLA, as well as those from UNITA and FLEC who repudiate their former organiza-
tions. It should be recalled that Johnny Eduardo became FNLA's prime minister
of the Transitional Government resulting from the Alvor accords, along with
Jose Ndele from UNITA, and Lopo do Nascimento of MPLA.

Expelled from Luanda in mid-1975 and from the northern part of the country at
the beginning of the next year, FNLA gathered its members in Kinshasa, while
still maintaining some battalions in the jungle. However, many members of
the military have joined MPLA, receiving training in the FAPLA.

2909
CSO: 3442/2

10