MOZAMBIQUE

SLAUGHTER THREATENS XAI-XAI LIVESTOCK ENTERPRISE

uto NSTICIAS in Portuguese 5 Jul 86 p 3

The indiscriminate slaughter of cattle is threatening the
jon of the Xai-Xai Livestock Company in Lezirias and Lumane,

e

L he province of Gaza. This fact was verified by the first

s tary and governor of that region of the country, Francisco Joao
Pateguana, during a working visit he made to that production unit.

He went there to inform himself about its activities, especially with

regard to milk production.

i the Iumane unit, where there are 805 head of cattle, of which 371
are milk cows, Governor Pateguana was informed that at least 12 head
of cattle have been devoured by crocodiles on the banks of the Lumane
this year. Francisco Pateguana likewise found out that last

: in this company 795 head of cattle out of the 1,800 that they had
985 were sold “because of old age," a fact that does not entirely
md to the truth, as the governor found out.

A pigpen with the capacity of housing more than 500 swine is to receive
preiiminary approval. It currently accomodates only 40 pigs. In this
sector, Governor Pateguana asked the company's directors how many
people they thought they could feed with those 40 pigs. "It is
inconceivable that a state enterprise has just 40 pigs," he lamented.
On the same occasion, he gave instructions to proceed with covering

the roof of some pigpens in view of the fact that there are walls
aiready erected but not covered due to a lack of sheet metal. To make
up for the shortage of sheet metal, Francisco Pateguana said: "This

is a job that can be done even with reeds. We cannot fold our arms

and wait for the sheet metal, because we don't know when it will arrive.
We are all aware of our present difficulties," he added.

At the Lezirias production unit, Governor Pateguana was informed by
the workers that most of the cattle vanish unaccounted for. "The
company's leaders say that the cattle disappear due to their mor-
tality rate aS a consequence of old age and due to some diseases.
But if we had a way of keeping count, we would see that most of the
cattle are those that are led to the slaughterhouse," one of the
workers charged. The uncontrolled slaughter seems a logical fact,
taking into account a statistical picture which exists in the office
of the director-general of the company. Reading these statistics
makes it possible to verify the sharp drop in the unit's numbers.

56



opinion held by many African politicians and by forces in Europe that take an
interest in the process of development in Africa's new states. Guinea-Bissau
has managed to survive the first few years of its independence despite all the
difficulties entailed in such a phase for a country that experienced 11 years

of war.

The former Portuguese colony in West Africa will therefore have to change
course. And all of Guinea-Bissau's people without exception will be needed to
turn it into the respected and dignified country it once was in the Free

World's concert of nations.

11798
CSO: 3442/283

22



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Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
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or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed, Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted,

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
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item originate with the source, Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way Tepresent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



/13046
CSO:

of government without elections and
outside Resolution 435, This offer
Swapo has naturally-rejected’, he said.

Regarding South Africa’s precondi-
tion for implementation, he emphasis-
ed that it demanded prior agreement on
a Cuban withdrawal from Angola and
not prior withdrawal.

It was not impossible that the com-
mitment demanded by South Africa
could be obtained, he.added.

‘South Africa need not worry too
much about the Cubans, because even
though Resolution 435 of 1978 provides
for a gradual troop withdrawal before
elections, South Africa is entitled to
kecp a formidable deterrent force at or
near the borders of South West Africa,
Walvis Bay and Upington. South Africa
need not have undue remorse about the
fate of Unita because the USA with its
Stinger missiles and other aid to Unita,
can probably hold the balance of power
in Angola until Cuban withdrawal’.

Saying that continuation of the pre-
sent checkmate was not in the interests
of Namibians or South Africa and the
USA, he added that the August 1
deadline set by P W Botha ‘had come
and gone.with no further breakthrough
in sight’.

In summarising reasons for non-
implementation of the settlement plan,
he emphasised that South Africa ac-
cepted the settlement proposal; it also

feared a white backlash at home; it _

needed Namibia as a ‘shooting range’
where its soldiers could train and
weapons be put to the test.

3400/455

65

To date, he said, South Africa had
been able to co-opt blacks who were
afraid of the Ovambo majority, and it
still hoped that their appointees would
gain credibility.

Western countries were unwilling to
support ‘radical action’ against South
Africa; the Reagan Administration had
made Nai ian independence an east-
west issue; and the majority of Nami-
bians had been unable so far to effec-
tively resist the South African govern-
ment, its proxies and strategies.

Mr O’Linn emphasised in conclusion
that Resolution 435 was still ‘the only
realistic option’ for Namibia and sug-
gested the USA and South Africa
should reconsider their policies in the
letter and spirit of their obligations to
Namibians in terms of the sacred trust
of civilisation.

‘Suggesting that Swapo had offered to
reassure South Africa on its concern for
white citizens in Namibia should the
Government agree to direct talks, Mr
O’Linn proposed ‘a small contact group
.. of Namibians ...to undertake a ge-
nuine peace mission’.

Namibians, he said ‘demand to know
from the South African Government as
well as the transitional government, the
reasons for forcing Namibians to be and
to remain a society under siege when the
implementation of Resolution 435 of
1978 can avoid this catastrophe and in-
troduce a new beginning built on sound
foundations’.

Above all, he said, Namibians need
an honourable peace in terms of the set-
tlement plan.



SOUTH AFRICA

RELIGIOUS OBJECTION HEAD ADDRESSES CAPE FORUM

MB251104 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1728 GMT 24 Aug 86

[Text] Cape Town, Aug 24, SAPA--Mr Justice J.W. Edeling, Chairman of the
Board of Religious Objection, told a gathering in Kenilworth that his board
had heard a total of 936 applications in the three years of its existence,
while 123 applications were withdrawn.

About 100 people attended the forum on religious objection, organised by
St John's Parish Social Responsibility Committee, at Kenilworth, yesterday

afternoon.

The board had been set up to determine in which categories individual religious
conscientious objectors to military service would be placed, Mr Justice
Edeling, a former Supreme Court judge, told the audience.

Legislation made provision for three types of religious objectors, he said:
non-combatants, non-uniform-wearers, and non-militarists.

To qualify as religious objectors, all of these had to believe in "a Godhead"
who expressly forbade them to go to any war, rather than leaving it up to
their own conscience, he said.

Only 15 objectors had thus far had their applications refused, the former
judge said.

"Yet 123 withdrew their applications when they heard what it was all about,"
he said.

Those in the third category had to do one-and-a-half times the length of their
service all at once, the judge said, but if they objected later in life, they
had to do a minimum of 18 days service with the department of manpower each
time their unit was called up, even if only for a day.

The judge said that if the government catered for moral and political objections
as well as religious ones, it would have to establish an expensive professional
army.. This would be the case even if objectors had to serve for longer periods
than military servicemen.

Mr Ivan Toms, a conscientious objector who spoke at the meeting, said Christians
should be called on to justify why they should go to war, rather than why they
should not.

/9716 76
CSO: 3400/468



SAVIMBI THREAT AGAINST ZAMBIA--Within its policy of destabilization of
southern Africa, South Africa has named 4% mbia as the third principal

target after Angola and Mozambique. According to ANGOP, Pretoria authorities
recently have incited Angolan armed bandits to carry out bandit actions
inside that African country--a thing which was openly admitted by the ring-
leader of Angolan traitors. Addressing some Western journalists, the

leader of the Angolan reactionary group said that they had already
received all the aid they had asked for from President Ronald Reagan and
South Africa and threatened to invade Zambia if the Lusaka government did
not renounce its support for the People's Republic of Angola. Observers
believe that UNITA could carry out its actions in Zambia even before the
end of this month to carry out South Africa's intention to create an image
of insecurity for the heads of state and government who will be attending
the Nonaligned Movement summit in Zimbabwe. [Text] [Luanda Domestic
Service in Portuguese 1900 GMT 23 Aug 86] 1/9604

TEXPRO FIGURES--During 1985, Texaco Oil of Angola (TEXPRO), a limited liability
corporation, accrued profits amounting to 181,472,951.00 kwanzas, from sales
to the Luanda refinery and exports. According to a report from TEXPRO's

board of administration published in the Journal of the Republic, during the
aforementioned period this company sold 1,446,516 barrels of oil to the Luanda
refinery, totaling 579,960,656.00 kwanzas. and exported nearly 397,868 barrels,
valued at 871,639,959.00 kwanzas. As the report indicates, last year, TEXPRO,
which holds 16.33 percent of the land area of the Fina-Sonangol-Texaco associa-
tion, was assigned a quota of 1,830,813 barrels; a figure representing a 0.6
percent reduction from 1984, As for the operations carried out, the report
states that six drillings were made, which resulted in the completion of five
development wells as producing wells. Moreover, TEXPRO's balance sheet as of
31 December 1985 discloses that, on that date, the amount of investment under
way was 46,409,557.00 kwanzas, as opposed to 83,839,301.00 kwanzas at the
beginning of the year. At the present time, the company's capital stock is
valued at 113,705,039.00 kwanzes. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese
15 Jul 86 p 12] 2909

CSO: 3442/293

12



ZAMBIA

COMMENTARY CALLS FOR UNITY AGAINST ‘RACIST REGIME‘

MB201941 Lusaka Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 20 Aug 86
[Station commentary]

[Text] Today's commentary is the TIMES OF ZAMBIA opinion:

When a nation or a party is waging a revolutionary struggle or war, it is
always wise for the oppressed fighters to learn from the work of revolution-
aries who succeeded where others failed. It is timely that we shouid remind
Zambians, who are now engaged in a political and economic struggle against
apartheid, what the former Chinese leader Mao Zedong told his countrymen
during his guerrilla war against the reactionary forces. Mao told his
colleagues: Be prepared against war, be prepared against natural disasters,
and fear no sacrifice. And his followers obeyed what came to be an instruc~
tion and won their fight against struggling for more than 20 years. [as
heard]

During the Long March, Mao Zedong's followers sacrificed so much of their per-
sonal comfort that they even cooked their own belts when there was no meat or
fish. There was no bacon and eggs for breakfast or chicken soup and t-bone
steak for lunch or dinner. This is what Zambians should understand when our
leaders call on them to brace for hard times ahead and devise means to counter
South Africa's military and economic maneuvers to strangle Zambia.

President Kaunda advised the nation yesterday, when he opened the 5-day
political seminar for senior army officers, that this is not the time to com-
plain about petty issues. It is time to improve and make do with the little
that we have. What this nation should be aware of is the fact that South
Africa has already declared an economic war against Zambia and other Frontline
States, and Zambians should accept the simple fact that while there is a war,
whether military or economic, there is no paradise. We should accept the fact
that when a country declares war on Zambia the people have no alternative but
to fight unless, of course, they want to be slaves of the aggressor. This is
the situation in which Zambia is today. We have to fight to survive.

It is encouraging to learn from the army commander, Lieutenant General
Christon Tembo, that soldiers have been deployed in.all strategic areas and
that they are ready to contend the enemy. But the responsibility to defend
the country rests on all Zambians. The whole nation should, therefore, help
the army and the police to flush out agents of the enewy. ‘This is the time
when we should all be umited and be prepared for the struggle against the
racist regime.

/9716 1

CSO: 3400/462



Bissau Regime's Self-Imposed Isolation

It is within that sociopolitical framework that the most violent wave of
repression in Guinea-Bissau's recent history has occurred, culminating in the
execution of Paulo Correia and five other prisoners condemned to death.

The bishop of Bissau, Septimio Serrazeta, was one of the first public figures
to express concern over the events he had observed from the time of the
arrests in October 1985 to the deaths in prison and the death sentences. He
is known to have expressed to two Western embassies his desire that their
respective governments intercede with Nino Vieira to reduce repression.
Guinea-Bissau's authorities did not appreciate his gesture and criticized the
attitude of the episcopate. And what is more, they paid no attention to the
various appeals for leniency.

In the end, criticism of the executions poured in from just about everywhere,
thus illustrating the isolation to which the Bissau regime has condemned
itself.

11798
CSO: 3442/284

29



The Portuguese diplomat also declared that, despite its own financial difficul-
ties, Portugal "has never ceased to lend aid to Mozambique," and has been
engaged to date in projects the total sum of which ranks his country “in the
top category of those cooperating with the RPM."

Palouro das Neves stressed: "There is a clearcut political desire to be present
in and to acoompany Mozambique's progress, and the meetings will allow for
maximization of that political desire."

In his opening address, the head of the Portugal-Mozambique Chamber of Commerce,
Dr Paulo de Almedia Sande cited the significance, spirit and goal of this
endeavor, underscoring the "need for finding new routes and new paths" for
Portuguese cooperation in Mozambique. He commented on the first meeting with
businessmen which took place during November of last year in Lisbon, based on
the topic of "development of economic relations between the RPM and Portugal,"
at which, he claimed, "the problems were identified from a business’ standpoint,
and the possible solutions were probed."

Dr Paulo Sande recalled that, in identifying problems, it was concluded that
the major obstacles in the mutual relations "stemmed from our’ limitations in
the financial realm affecting both Portugal and Mozambique in different ways.
Subsequently, among the solutions mentioned, he emphasized that now it was
“necessary, through investment, to give priority to projects for the transfer
of technology and the exporting of capital goods, as well as an incraasing
direct investment, a potential, precious source of foreign financing that does
not create a debt, which heightens the technical capacity and export markets
in the country to which it is allocated."

"

The meeting opened yesterday is continuing in the form. of.specific plenary
sessions and panels, based, respectively, on topics involving the implications
of the relations between the RPM and Portugal resulting from affiliations with
Lome III and the EEC; other types of direct investment in the RPM, on the one
hand, and intensification of the areas of bilateral interest in the areas of
commerce and services (products, trade balance, and compensation), and optimi-
zation of the training of Mozambican cadres through an analysis of options, on
the other. Prominent among the moderators was the presencé of representatives
of the EEC and the United Nations Organization for Industrial Development,
Antonio Morangin and Carlos Alberto Goulart, respectively; as well as Francisco
Pereira, representing Mozambique as vice chairman of the Portugal-Mozambique
Joint Commission, and other Portuguese ‘and Mozambican officials and businessmen.

2909
CSO:  3442/278

36



RECENT RALLY SAID TO SHOW MASSIVE SUPPORT FOR SWAPO

Windhoek THE NAMIBIAN in English 15 Aug 86 p 9

{Article in Opinion column by Wolfgang Werner:

[Text]

FOR A LONG time now Swapo
has been the target of South
African propaganda. Instead of
confronting the real issues hamper-
ing independence, South Africa
and its minions inside Namibia
have chosen to make Swapo the
scapegoat. No effort was spared in
the process to belittle and slander
the organisation by spreading
halftruths and distortions. As if
this was not enough, Swapo has
been subjected to severe harass-
ment and intimidation.

At its recent rally in Katutura the
organisation has convincingly
shown that it was not only able to
resist the harassment, but still com-
mands massive support in its strug-
gle for independence and freedom.

This should drive home the point
that no matter how severe military
and political oppression may be, it
will never destroy the desire by the
majority of the Namibians to
achieve freedom.

Swapo is here to stay, and if
anything, will grow stronger.

Recognising this, South Africa
has done everything possible to
discredit Swapo. The latter is por-
trayed as an organisation not in-
terested in peace and reconciliation.
Instead, so we are told, it is a gang
of terrorists intent on destroying
this country.

113046
Cs0: 3400/455

Swapo, on the other hand, is still
severely hampered to ‘put its side
of the story’ because the South
African Government has seen fit to
ban just about all its publications
- so for example, its Constitution,
Political Programme and all its in-
formation material.

Needless to say, the picture
about Swapo that emerges among
‘whites’, is a grossly distorted one.

‘More significantly however, this

process has resulted, as it was in-
tended to, in an irrational fear by
‘whites’ of Swapo.

National reconciliation and
peace cannot be built however, if
we fear one another. Fear precludes
honest and open dialogue and

- understanding. Conversely, only

dialogue and solid information can
break down our fears and free us
from political paralysis.

Against this background it is a
sad fact that not more ‘whites’ have
availed themselves of the oppor-
tunity to attend Swapo’s mass ral-
ly at the end of July. This would
have enabled some of them to ob-
tain first-hand information about
the movement and its members.

The spirit and message of the ral-
ly betrayed all the stereotypes pro-
pagated by South Africa and its
cohorts. In speech after speech the
‘movement not only reaffirmed its

61

NAMIBIA

“Target of SA Propaganda"}

commitment to peace and an
internationally-accepted —_ in-
dependence, but once again called
‘on ‘whites’ to support and join the
movement.

Swapo’s appeal to ‘whites’ does
not and never has emanated from
opportunistic political considera-
tions. Instead it is guided in this by
an understanding that many
‘whites’ in Namibia have been in
the country for generations and for
that reason have committed their
future to it. Moreover, ‘whites’ in
this country have an important
contribution to make, both in
bringing about independence and
afterwards. Their skills will be as
important as they are now, a point
well illustrated by the case of
Zimbabwe.

It is up to ‘whites’ however, to
take up Swapo’s invitation. As the
saying has it, you can take a horse
to water, but you cannot make it
drink.

The onus is on all of us as Nami-
bians to make our contribution to
péace and prosperity in this coun-
try. But to achieve this it is of para-
mount importance to support each
other in this process and identify
with one another as Namibians.
This can only be successfully
achieved if we cast aside our par-
ticularistic interests in favour of the
interests of the country as a whole.



MOZAMBIQUE

SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES SIGN NEW FINANCIAL AGREEMENT FOR MONAP
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 18 Jul 86 p 8

[Text] On Wednesday, a financing agreement involving $9 million covering the
2-year period 1986-87 was signed between the People's Republic of Mozambique
and the Scandinavian countries, in the context of the MONAP. Part of this
sum will be used to train cadres for agriculture, in a school for this purpose
which is in the completion phase in Boane district, in Maputo; and the rest
will be used for the programs for development of the forest sectors, milk
production, seed,and the importing of production factors, among other things.
The document was signed by the minister of agriculture, Joao Ferreira, repre-
senting the Mozambican Government, and Bo Kalfors, the Swedish ambassador,
representing the Scandinavian countries.

Also called for in the agreement is the agricultural production program in the
city of Beira green zones, the rural development of Marracuene, the reinforce-
ment of veterinary services, and the development of the family farming sector.

This is the second agreement in a week to be signed by the Scandinavian countries
with the People's Republic of Mozambique.

The first one was with Sweden, involving a sum of 40 million Swedish kronor,
for the agrarian marketing sector.

The agreement signed on Wednesday, as the agriculture minister, Joao Ferreira,
disclosed at the time, is added to others which are signed annually for agri-
cultural development.

In fact, the Scandinavian countries make 75 million Swedish kronor available
yearly for the development of the MONAP program, with the Mozambican side
participating with an estimated sum of 500,000 contos during the same period.

Sources associated with the Ministry of Agriculture told our reporter that the

execution of the project, based on initial agreements, is biennial in nature;
and therefore the one recently signed also has the same period of validity.

School for Agriculture

This agreement also calls for the training of cadres for agriculture at a
school planned to be opened next year in Boane district.

32



FORMER FEDERAL PARTY HEAD:

Windhoek THE NAMIBIAN in English 15 Aug 86 p 4

(Text ]

THE END product drawn up by
the Constitutional Council ‘may
end up in the wastepaper basket
like the Turnhalle blueprints, i
may serve as an election manifesto
of some parties to the transitional

government or it may become the ‘

constitution for a UDI type
dependent country only recogni
ed by South Africa’, said Mr Bryan
O’Linn, leader of the now defunct
Federal Party, in an address to
Academy students this week.

In an address entitled ‘What is
Resolution 435 and why has it not
‘been implemented?’, he added that
this product would not become the
constitution for an internationally
recognised independent Namibia,
unless confirmed or accepted by a
Constituent Assembly elected in
terms. of Resolution 435.

‘Similarly the mock battle now
raging within the ranks of the tran-
sitional government at the expense
of the taxpayer on whether or not
Proclamation AG 8 must be scrap-
ped, amended or replaced, is un-
necessary because once Resolution
435 of 1978 is implemented, Pro-
clamation AG 8 will automatically
fall away, as well as all remaining
discriminatory laws’.

He described the search for alter-
natives to Resolution 435 as ‘a costly i+
lusion and exercise in futility’.

Mr O’Linn said that although the
transitional government wanted to be
seen as ‘true liberators’, he wished to
at the best way to gain
is to be elected by your peo-
ple in free and fair elections; not to use
power given to you by South Africa to
obstruct peace and genuine reconcilia-
tion; not to take your people’s money.
without their consent to buy credibili-
ty for yourself”.

‘The price the people pay in blood
and money for the attempt by South
Africa and the transitional government,
is out of all proportion to the benefits
to these parties. One can only plead
with the supporters of this course of
conduct to rethink their position’.

He added that ‘it is no excuse for the
transitional government to shield
behind the linkage of Cuban withdrawal
from Angola and imptementation of
Resolution 435 of 1978, If they should
join. with other interested parties to
yesist linkage, the united stand of Nami-
bians could be decisive’, he added.

“The unfortunate fact is that they
welcome any obstacle to implementa-
tion - whether imported extraneously or
by themselves, in order to entrench
themselves in government’.

On the question of ‘UN partiality’ as
an. obstacle to implemention, Mr
O’Linn said that ‘it seems that even
South Africa is.now satisfied that this
alleged prejudice is no longer an impedi-
ment to free and fair elections’. He add-

ed it was ‘conspicuous’ that the transi- ~

tional government never complained of

64

435 ONLY 'REALISTIC OPTION'

NAMIBIA

the ‘notorious partiality’ of South
Africa and government institutions in
Namibia.

‘Partiality is indeed a two-way street
and it is present on both sides. The set-
tlement plan has been designed, inter
alia, to overcome this very problem’.

He said the settlement plan ‘is not

“just a UNO plan’. It was endorsed by

the Security Council and accepted by
South Africa, Swapo, the Frontline
States and by most of the internal par-
ties. ‘The Namibians elected in the clec-
tions in terms of Resolution 435 will
draw up the constitution, no one else”
Mr O’Linn emphasised.

He added that whatever the criticism
one could level at the attitude of the
General Assembly relating to Swapo,
the General Assembly would not be in

* a position to influence the outcome of

the election in favour of Swapo.
“The problem is that many of those
crying out loudly and continuously
about UNO prejudice, are afraid to face
an election test in a relatively free and
fair election, where the adult voters of
Namibia will be the judges’.

Saying that internal parties were con-
sulted on the implementation of the
plan over the years (consultations which
did not Jead to any breakthroughs), Mr
O'Linn added that ‘now the transitional
government wish Security Council
Resolution 435 of 1978 dead’.

“The best they have offered so far is
a re-negotiation of Security Council
Resolution 435 and an invitation to
Swapo to join them in sharing the spoils


MOZAMBIQUE

AGRICULTURAL DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM INTRODUCED IN SOFALA
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 21 Jul 86 p 1

[Text] A process to supply the rural population,. by marketing the production
surpluses of peasants from the family, cooperative and private sectors, is being
gradually introduced into certain districts of Sofala. According to Alberto
Msopela, AGRICOM's [Agricultural Products Marketing Company] provincial agent,
the method has the support of the administrative authorities, and its implemen-
tation has already met with positive results in Nhamatanda district.

The AGRICOM agent in Sofala explained: "With the introduction of this method,
which I consider the most fitting, based on the purpose for which the marketing
process was created, a mechanism has been established whereby the districts’
populations can benefit from the production achieved locally."

In the opinion of our interviewee, AGRICOM has played a major role in the
process, providing the participants (private dealers, and consumer cooperatives)
with backup products, more specifically, sugar, soap, and oil.

Our source noted: "This marketing process is continuous," adding that this
action has offered an opportunity to market the peasants" surpluses at any
season of the year; inasmuch as all the peasants grow different crops, such
as rice, corn, sorghum, squash, and green vegetables, among others, which can
be produced during any time of year.

Nhamatanda, Pilot-District

At present, the districts of Buzi, Dondo, Gorongosa, Machanga, and Beira, and
the locality of Gonda, in Chibava, are undertaking the same types of marketing
for corn, sorghum, sunflowers, and hot peppers, in addition to other products
previously not included in the process, such as green vegetables.

However, it is in the district of Nhamatanda that the method has already
attained the best results. Of the nearly 160 tons of corn marketed to date, a
portion has now been sold to the area's population.

Alberto Msopela added that they also expect from Nhamatanda district higher
indexes of production surpluses, because the marketing has been proceeding at
a satisfactory pace.

42



SOUTH AFRICA

PFP CALLS FOR PROBE OF CROSSROADS, KIC VIOLENCE
MB251145 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1141 GMT 25 Aug 86

[Text] Cape Town, August 25, SAPA--The PFP's [Progressive Federal Party] Unrest
Monitoring and Action Committee (UMAC) has called for a judicial commission of
inquiry into the destruction of Crossroads and KTC earlier this year.

In a report released at a press briefing here today UMAC said no attempt had
been made by the state to stop the violence there and no one had been arrested

or prosecuted in connection with any acts of violence or arson during this
period.

It also said no "significant" arrangements were made by the state for any form
of relief for the displaced people.

While an estimated 70,000 people had been left homeless, only some 5,600 had
accepted accommodation in tents at Khayelitsha.

The remainder were living in churches, halls and backyards.
It was "virtually impossible" to begin to account for the refugees.

"The sneer magnitude of the numbers of displaced persons makes it impossible
for relief agencies to establish their whereabouts."

Khayelitsha was “obviously not a viable alternative" at present as facilities
would not be available there for another six or seven months.

The report said that by August 13 the Red Cross, St John Ambulance and
Shawco had spent a total of R998,000 on relief for the refugees.

Scores of smaller organisations had also been involved, spending at least
R300,000 to $400,000.

Their funds were running low, and all felt a decision on continued relief would
have to be made soon as resources were being rapidly exhausted.

The state, said the report, had a direct responsibility to its citizens in a
disaster of "such monumental proportions."

84



He said, however, that "a Navy equal to our needs is quite difficult to
build." The result is that "the activity we have been engaging in is more or
less in keeping with the level of investment in this branch of the service."
He felt, however, that "the MGPA's role in the context of our Armed Forces is
worth noting," since "we have men trained to carry out satisfactorily... the
missions assigned to us."

The People's Navy of Angola has made "clear progress" in the field of party
organizational and operational activity, according to the commanding officer,
who said that "because of the progress we are making, we believe that we will
soon be one of the sectors in the country with the best organized and most
functional party."

Concerning the MGPA's prospects, Lt Col "Toca" said that "in the face of the
aggression being directed at the RPA [People's Republic of Angola] by way of
the sea, we will necessarily have to equip ourselves better from the
standpoint of technical resources for combat." This, he said, "will mean
redoubled efforts in the areas of personnel training and organization."

He also said that "an ever-present mission will be activities for operational
combat training and political training... to ensure that we possess a
capability and a level of combat readiness that will make our people proud."

Also with reference to the MGPA's prospects, he said that there would continue
to be “activities aimed at strengthening the party's leading role in the
People's Navy of Angola."

11798
CSO: 3442/286



NAMIBIA

SAO TOME

ZAIRE

ZAMBIA

ZIMBABWE

Cattle Slaughter Threatens Xai-Xai Livestock Enterprise
(NOTICIAS, 5 Jul 86)....cceceececceccenceccesccetensenseeees

Briefs
Talks With 'New Renamo'
Land Distribution in Mandlhakaze
Aid From Muslim Group
New Administrative Headquarters for Lichinga
Labor Union To Be Formed
Japanese Donate Equipment

Recent Rally Said To Show Massive Support for SWAPO
(Wolfgang Werner; THE NAMIBIAN, 15 Aug 86)........ceeeeeeee

No Progress Seen in Attempts To Draw Up Constitution
(Gwen Lister; THE NAMIBIAN, 15 Aug 86)......eccceeeceeceves

Former Federal Party Head: 435 Only ‘Realistic Option’
(THE NAMIBIAN, 15 Aug 86)....ccccceccececceccceetcscecccees

Briefs
Victory for Freedom Summit

AND PRINCIPE

Good Prospects for Development Seen
(TEMPO, 1 Aug 86)......ccceeecececceceees

Briefs
Regular Aeroflot Flights

Briefs
Operators Warned Against Fraud

Commentary Calls for Unity Against ‘Racist Regime'
(Lusaka Domestic Service, 20 Aug 86)......seeseeeeeeccceeees

Paper Calls Effects of RSA Sactions 'Exaggerated'
(SAPA, 24 Aug 86)...

Briefs
RSA Economic Aggression Reported
Drought Aid for Matebeleland

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73



MOZAMBIQUE

MAPUTO REGIONS TO BENEFIT FROM WINDMILLS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 5 Jul 86 p 2

[Text] To reduce the lack of drinking water in certain sections of Maputo,

25 windmills have now been set up in the localities of Matola-Gare, Zimpeto,
and Michafutene, in an operation involving the Agrarian Offices of the respec-
tive localities. This information was disclosed by Carlos Verga:a Torres,

an occupational training adviser and owner of the Azteca sawmill shop, an
enterprise responsible for the establishment and rehabilitation of windmills
in certain parts of Greater Maputo.

Based on the inventory of the Office of Green Zones' hydraulic section, there
are in Maputo nearly 120 windmills, a number which does not include the units
installed recently.

Vergana Torres noted that his shop has been working since 1983 in cooperation
with the Maputo Office of Green Zones in order to implement certain agricul-
tural and livestock projects.

He claimed that 25 mills have already been set up in various parts of Maputo,
with work involving three brigades currently distributed in the localities
of Zimpeto,Michafutene, and Matola-Gare.

According to Carlos Torres, this work has received the support and attention
of the local Agrarian Offices, which determine the neediest areas, setting
the urgent priorities of each area.

In this respect, the priority has been given to the farms and agricultural-
livestock production units which need an incentive in the water distribution
system, for the purpose of reinforcing irrigation on the growing fields.

"A windmill pumps an average of 20 cubic meters of water per day. Now, using
that water for irrigation and for raising small species greatly alleviates
the urban system.

"We have noted that the mills are really economical from the standpoint of

expenses, which can be completely avoided through the adopting of such a
pumping system, using the wind for its operation."

39



ZAIRE

BRIEFS

OPERATORS WARNED AGAINST FRAUD--Kinshasa, 19 Aug (AFP)--Zairian Prime
Minister [title as received] Kengo wa Dondo, who is currently on an inspection
tour of the interior, said Monday in Lubumbashi, the southern province of
Shaba, that "Shaba has become the international fraud center," the regional
radio station of the Voice of Zaire, monitored in Kinshasa, reported on
Tuesday. According to the radio, Kengo wa Dondo, who was addressing local
economic operators whom he warned against this practice, asserted that this
large-scale fraud in the region has deprived the government treasury of very
huge sums of money. [Text] [Paris AFP in French 1817 GMT 19 Aug 86 AB]

/9716
cso: 3400/457

70



SOUTH AFRICA

EGLIN ADDRESSES PFP EXECUTIVE COUNCIL MEETING
MB241049 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1730 GMT 24 Aug 86

[Text] Cape Town, Aug 24, SAPA--The Progressive Federal Party [PFP] was in
better shape and was better equipped to play a vital role in the politics of
the country than it had been at any time since the old Progressive Party was
formed in 1959, the party leader, Mr Colin Eglin, said at the weekend..

Addressing the Federal Council of the PFP, Mr Eglin said the party had demon-
strated by its actions the vital role which a vigorous, determined and con-
cerned parliamentary opposition could play in a troubled South Africa.

The management team has been overhauled and strengthened, and the party's
strategy had been analysed and defined.

Mr Eglin described the National Party [NP] Federal Congress as "Utterly
distressing" and said the party's leadership had swung sharply to the right.

In addition, its poor performance in last week's censure debate showed that
the government has lost its thrust, its cohesion and its direction.

It was obvious that the NP had no plans for the present and no vision for
the future,

The PFP had both the plans and the vision and it was up to the party to pre-
sent them with greater skill and vigour than in the past, Mr Eglin said.

With the National Party more and more divided and the voting public more
concerned, the PFP had to be more than purely a catalyst for change.

The party had to provide a rallying point for all voters who wanted to see a
peaceful and apartheid-free South Africa.

The work done by the party in the past seven months would prove to be of vital
value.

The level of the party's bridge-building activities had to be stepped up so
that, in due course, it could be an important and integral part of a non-
racial government of the South Africa of the future.

/9716
CSO: 3400/468

79



828077

JPRS-SSA-86-096

17 SEPTEMBER 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

| We
a ~ o/

IN STA

Approved for public release;
‘Distribution Unlimited

FBIS

(DTrc QUALITY BSPROTED a

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

| REPRODUCED BY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE |
NATIONAL TECHNICAL i
INFORMATION SERVICE
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 |

— a [02 .
Ave



ETHIOPIA

EPLF Appeals for Aid to Fight Locust Threat

(Voice of the Broad Masses of Eritrea in Tigrinya,

16 Aug 86)..ceceeeesccroeeccscescssorrrres

GUINEA-BISSAU

Execution of Opponents Cost President Vieira Nobel Prize

(Antonio Maria Zorro; O DIABO, 29 Jul 86).

Increasing Repression by Vieira Regime Explored
(Xavier de Lemos; TEMPO, 1 Aug Bb). .ceceee

Nation's Dependence on Foreign Powers Described
(Jose A. Salvador; EXPRESSO, 2 Aug 86)....

MOZAMBIQUE

Renamo's Dhlakama Scores New Movement as Frelimo Instrument

(O DIABO, 12 Aug 86)..+.+eeeeeeeeereecreree

Scandinavian Countries Sign New Financial Agreement for MONAP

(NOTICIAS, 18 Jul 86)..

Trade Minister Speaks at Meeting With Portuguese Businessmen

(NOTICIAS, 16 Jul 86)..

Rural Extension Program Benefits 1,190
(NOTICIAS, 10 Jul 86)...+.eseereecereeecee

Maputo Regions To Benefit From Windmills
(NOTICIAS, 5 Jul .1:)

Agricultural Distribution Program Introduced in Sofala

(NOTICIAS, 21 Jul 86)...++eeeeerereerrrere

Low Fish Prices Threaten Pemba Fishing Cooperative

(NOTICIAS, 19 Jul 86)..sseereeerecerrrcrers

Decreasing Vegetable Prices Seen in Markets
(NOTICIAS, 21 Jul 1.) ee

Canadian Group Finances Peanut Cultivation Study
(NOTICIAS, 10 Jul £1.) ee

Inhambane Cashew Marketing Campaign Ends Successfully

(NOTICIAS, 25 Jul 86)...+--eeeeeereererere

Beira Port Rehabilitation Work To End 1987
(NOTICIAS, 25 Jul 1.)

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54


Guinea-Bissau's intention with the new legal framework was to provide
guarantees for foreign businessmen, but according to Western diplomatic
sources, the legislation in question falls short of providing the guarantees
considered essential by potential investors. In this connection, it is
sufficient to recall that the foreign investment code allows for the
nationalization of any firm as soon as it shows a profit.

In the opinion of those same diplomatic sources, that political risk adds a
further burden to the risk already inherent in invested capital, with the
result that many businessmen refuse to take their activities to Bissau. The
same sources emphasized to us that in addition, investors need political
stability and confidence in the banking system. But neither is to be seen in
Guinea-Bissau, with the result that 12 years after achieving independence, the
country is facing a serious dilemma.

On the one hand, it has dismantled practically the entire public sector of the
economy: trade is not functioning, and the Cumere and other projects are at a
standstill. On the other hand, despite its intention to privatize everything,
it has not found interlocutors willing to implement that new economic model.

Firms such as TAP [Portuguese Airlines], Marconi, or the brewery (which
includes Portuguese capital) are not able, as one example, to receive payment
for services rendered through transfers to Lisbon.

Between the West and the USSR
Another dilemma is taking shape in Guinea-Bissau.

On the one hand, the country needs economic support and Western technology,
but at the same time, it is incapable of fulfilling its commitments and
administering aid correctly, with the result that cooperation by Western
countries is declining every year.

The drop in Western aid may lead Bissau to seek more aid from Moscow and
Havana, with the political consequences implied by such an option.

Sweden announced in 1985 that it was going to reduce its aid to Bissau every
year until its assistance was eliminated completely. Other countries are
doing exactly the same thing. One example is Holland, which has stated that
as a result of Guinea~Bissau's joining the CILS (Interstate Committee For
Combating the Sahel Drought), Dutch aid would henceforth be granted through
that regional organization rather than directly. In February of this year,
Holland sent government representatives to Bissau to analyze the results of
its cooperation on the spot. On that occasion, they conveyed to Guinea-Bissau
authorities their concern over failure to make suitable use of Dutch aid and
over the failure to comply with the conditions attached to that aid. The
projects in question were the expressway from Bissalanca Airport to the
capital's downtown area (which was not completed even though Bissau received
all the money for the undertaking), a neighborhood of low-cost houses, and the
operating theater for traumatology which was donated by Holland but which is
still not in use at the Central Hospital.

27



SOUTH AFRICA

WHITES FAVOR END OF INFLUX CONTROL
MB221040 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1038 GMT 22 Aug 86

[Text] Johannesburg Aug 22, SAPA~-The recent scrapping of the influx control
laws would be of benefit to South Africa, two out of three urban whites said,
but it was the government's responsibility to satisfy the expected surge in the
demand for jobs.

These are the findings of a recent Markinor Gallup poll, conducted by the
Markinor Research Group among 1000 white adults in the main metropolitan areas.

The survey found that 58 per cent of Afrikaners and 79 per cent of English-
speakers believed the abolition of influx control was good for South Africa.

Only 24 per cent and 12 per cent respectively believed the move would actually
harm the country.

Support for the abolition of influx control was greatest among the more
affluent and the better educated.

It ranges from 79 per cent for those with a household monthly income of more
than R3500, to 59 per cent for those earning less than R1250.

Eighty-two per cent of university. graduates believed the scrapping of influx
control would benefit the country, compared with 70 per cent of those with
Standard 9 or 10, and 54 per cent of those with Standard 8 or below.

As a result of this change in legislation, a great many rural blacks are
expected to move to the cities in search of jobs-~jobs which at present do not
exist. Urban whites differ widely in their opinions as to where the responsi-
bility for job creation lies, and most mentioned more than one option.

Some 67 per cent say the responsibility rests on government, 52 per cent believe
the task is up to business organisations, 46 per cent say its up to the blacks
themselves, while 17 per cent look to foreign governments to take up the
challenge.

/9716
CSO: 3400/468

86



Mr Andrew said the PFP did not see the Conservative Party as an electoral
danger. However, they were a danger in the civil service and, in some cases,
in the security forces. It was "highly unlikely" that the CP would become
the official opposition after the next general election. ‘There were no facts
to support it.

Mr Andrew said the PFP national fund had reached about 75 per cent of its
target of R10 million.

The PFP leader, Mr Colin Eglin, said at the press conference that the CP/HNP
[Reformed National Party] would start an election campaign on an earned
electoral basis of three nominated MPs. The others had been borrowed from the
National Party.

The federal congress of the National Party had done nothing to strengthen co-
hesion in the party. We believe the NP is more ideologically divided than it
was before the recent federal congress," he said.

Comparing the position of the PFP with the NP, he said the PFP had great
potential for growth, whereas the NP had great potential for fragmentation.
"The National Party has stuck together not because of the ideological compati-
bility but because it is in power at the moment."

/9716
CSO: 3400/468

81



ANGOLA

LACK OF EQUIPMENT HAMPERS ROAD REPAIR
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 29 Jul 86 p 3

[Text] Lubango--"The provincial directorate of engineering projects in Huila
Province contributed the sum of 26 million kwanzas to the OGE [General State
Budget] during the first half of this year," as JORNAL DE ANGOLA learned from
the director of the enterprise, Joao Carlos Guerra.

That provincial directorate, which bears the responsibility for the repair and
rehabilitation of roads, is fac‘ing serious problems with regard to its
technical material supplies.

According to Joao Guerra, the roads are running the risk of being impassible,
owing to the lack of equipment, which has besn exacerbated by the intense
rainfall. However, according to estimates made by Joao Guerra, "Since the
rain for this season of the year has already stopped, it is time to undertake
the repair of the roads."

The provincial director of engineering projects explained that the activities
carried out last year consisted for the most part of filling in holes with
selected dirt, for lack of cement. He noted: "This work is routine, because
the dirt cannot withstand the rain that has fallen heavily, compounded by the
excessive traffic that the roads must bear."

In the area of equipment, Joao Guerra expressed the view that, "The situation
is disturbing, because it is difficult to undertake repair projects on roads
far from the city; because we have only four vehicles (which are constantly
breaking down), and a small number of machines, which hampers the effort for
inspection and control."

However, he stressed that. the DNOE [National Directorate of Engineering Pro-
jects] has a fleet of 13 vehicles and 11 machines that have been at a stand-
still for some time, for lack of spare parts. Joao Guerra-explained: "To
meet the requirements that the work demands it would be necessary to have 12
brigades provided with three machines, four dump trucks, two water tanks, and
a vibrator cylinder, rather than what the enterprise has currently."



Ramanaiah announced that the IDRC still has available funds to pay

for the advanced training of more Mozambique agricultural engineers
and technicians in India.

9895
CSO: 3442/279

51



SOUTH AFRICA

RADIO PRAISES HOUPHOUET-BOIGNY CALL FOR DIALOGUE
MB270747 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 27 Aug 86
[Station Commentary: "The Ivory Coast's Call for Dialogue with South Africa"]

[Text] The renewed call for dialogue between Africa and South Africa by
President Feldx Houphouet-Boigny of the Ivory Coast is one which now, more
than ever, needs to be carefully considered by continent's leaders. The
80-year-old president, whom many Western diplomats refer to as The Grand Old
Man of Africa, restated his appeal for dialogue with Pretoria in a television
program.

He asked for understanding of President P.W. Botha's position, and for dialogue
with him. I know Mr Botha, he said, and I can say that he is one of the most
moderate white leaders in South Africa. He also has problems with his own
party, with the blacks of South Africa, and with his Soviet-influenced neigh-
bors.

Now, 15 years later, he has shown his consistency and renewed the call.
Denouncing what he said was the widespread hypocrisy of economic sanctions
against South Africa, President Houphouet-Boigny posed these questions: What
would be the extent of such sanctions, or their nature? Who would implement
them? Who would supervise them? Who would deprive themselves of the rare
metals of South Africa? And who would be the real victims?

He predicted that economic sanctions would be as ineffective as various other
sanctions imposed against South Africa by the international community. If
anyone was going to suffer, however, it would be South Africa's blacks and
those of neighboring states in the southern African region.

President Houphouet-Boigny has always maintained that there are two ways to
settle differences: dialogue or war. If dialogue fails, he says, there is
war. But when the war is over, it has to be followed up by dialogue. The
need, therefore, is to talk, to negotiate, and to talk again.

This is a philosophy South Africa subscribes to, and has demonstrated not only
with regard to its internal problems, but also in its relations with its
neighbors.

/9716

cso: 3400/468

93



ZIMBABWE

PAPER CALLS EFFECTS OF RSA SANCTIONS 'EXAGGERATED'
MB250859 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1551 GMT 24 Aug 86

[Text] Harare, Aug 24, SAPA~-Predictions that the economies of the Frontline
States will grind to a halt if sanctions were imposed on South Africa were
exaggerated, reports ZIMBABWE NEWS, the official publication of the ruling
ZANU (PF) party.

ZIANA quoted its August edition published today, where the magazine says a
recent Canadian study suggested that the "catastrophy sceaario is exaggerated,"
because South Africa has been imposing sanctions on its neighbours since

1978.

"TE economic sanctions are already being applied by South Africa to its
neighbours, what more can be done to damage Zimbabwe and other SADCC
(Southern Africa Development Co-ordination Conference) countries?

"The worse case scenario, generally predicted by those who dislike sanctions
on principle, and doubt their effectiveness, is a complete closure of border
and economic collapse. A recent Canadian study suggests that the catastrophy
scenario is exaggerated," says the magazine.

It says the actual total freight moved by rail in, out of and through Zimbabwe
in 1983 was just over two million tons less than in 1984.

"About 500,000 tons moved by road, mostly with Malawi and South Africa,
perhaps 30,000 tons by air.

"We recognise that the Frontline States are ready to make sacrifices, however
painful, to end the oppression of the black majority in South Africa. For the
Frontline States, this is a moral issue."

The magazine condemned South Africa for supporting bandits in the region,
"starving the port of Maputo of cargo" and its direct military attacks on the
Frontline states.

"For many years, five oil storage tanks at Gaborone built with German aid have
stood unused because South-Africa will never allow enough extra oil to pass
into Botswana to fill them," said the magazine.

It praised Canada for tal:ing a strong pro~sanctions stance and its aid to
Frontline states, "In every Frontline State, Canada is seeking to demonstrate
our support through development assistance," says thé magazine.

72
/9716
cso: 3400/462



Information procured on this occasion notes that the construction work is in
the completion phase, and that the new occupational center will have the
capacity to take in 500 students, who will be specializing in various fields
of agriculture.

According to Minister Joao Ferreira, the operation of this school will be
coordinated with the Ministry of Education, so as to introduce new quality into
the instruction, particularly for the training of technicians in the various
branches of agriculture.

The opening of this educational establishment is viewed by persons connected
with agriculture in the country as a fundamental contribution to the development
of this sector.

They claim that its impact will. be great, because it will have technical cadres
available to address the new requirements dictated by the stage of development
in agriculture.

Scandinavians Oppose ‘Apartheid’

The Swedish ambassador, who signed the agreement representing the Scandinavian
countries, remarked on that occasion that the governments of Sweden, Switzerland,
Denmark, Norway, and Finland willcontinue to lend their support to the indepen-
dent African countries which are victims of "apartheid."

As he noted, the public in those countries is aware of the evils of this pheno=
menon and hence is opposed to "apartheid."

The agricultural development of the family sector was also a point mentioned by
the Scandinavian countries’ representative during his remarks; stressing that
the governments of these countries would continue to render their assistance for
this purpose.

Reference Points of the Cooperation

The Scandinavian countries have become major economic partners bent on contri~
buting insofar as they are able to the development of various economic sectors
in our country.

During 1984, the Kingdom of Denmark signed an agreement granting our country
$14.5 million to be used for the bilateral cooperation programs in 1985. Of
the amount agreed upon, $7.5 million was allocated for this year's programs.

At the same time, the Danish Government announced that it would prowide aid to
a program to coordinate maritime transportation across Lake Niassa, betweeen
Mozambique, Malawi, and Tanzania.

During February of this year, Sweden, in turn, granted our country supplementary
assistance for the Gorongosa program, amounting to approximately 38,500 contos,

33



The reliance of the complex's management on third grade fish is also explained
by the fact that this is the type of fish that.the fishermen. working for the
complex succeed in .catching in larger volumes.

The situation of prices which are not compensatory has caused the complex to
deliver increasingly less fish to PESCOM and to give priority to the processing
of dried fish for barter with farm products, so as to supply the fishermen who
have no time to go to a farm.

Thus, in 1983, the. complex produced 330 tons of fish, but delivered only 92
tons to PESCOM, having channeled the rest to agrarian marketing.

Last year, of 154 tons produced, the complex only delivered 10 tons to PESCOM;
which is equivalent to the 19 tons delivered during the first 4 months of this
year.

From Giant Status to Reality

With nearly 50 workers, the PEMBA Fishing Complex is an improved version of the
Ibo Fishing Complex, which was the first fishing complex in Mozambique.

Created in 1981, the Ibo Fishing Complex was provided with a fleet of nearly 30
boats, both large and small, the purpose of which, at the time, was to make
the complex an "essentially extracting" state enterprise.

After its opening, the complex was embroiled in the problem of its technological
incorporation into that population of small-scale fisherman on the Quirimbas
Archipelago, who were beginning to view the complex as "a monster that will
devour all the fish on the archipelago."

Hence, there arose the problem of the level of technology that the complex
brought with it and was attempting to impose on the archipelago's fishermen.
So, since the complex's workers were primarily composed of local fishermen,
with a knowledge of small-scale fishing, the difficulties were not long in
arriving with regard to the operation of the complex's sophisticated equipment;
difficulties which resulted in consecutive failure to fulfill the set goals,
economic deficits, and other damage, the magnitude of which prompted the
authorities associated with fishing in the country to decide to sell part of
the fleet to private.fishermen and to some long-standing workers from the
complex who have shown the ability to run fishing equipment. Those workers
had to set themselves up as independent fishermen, who would work so as to
sell their products to the complex; while at the same time the latter would
cease to be an "essentially extracting" enterprise and become a state enterprise
for technical assistance and.aid to the small-scale fishermen in the form of
fishing gear and goods to give them an incentive to achieve higher rates of
productivity.

At present, the complex has assumed as its main task to ensure assistance in
the form of fishing gear, technology, and consumer goods to the Cabo Delgado

45



Among other factors identified, the drought situation that has
ravaged the province these last few years stands out. However, the
peanut varieties that may be able to withstand drought and also the
"rosette" disease, which attacks this crop fairly frequently, are to
to researched.

Ramanaiah revealed that in Inhambane, peanut varieties with a short
growing season--three months--are being cultivated, while in Nampula,
the varieties being grown have a long growing season--six months. He
stressed: "This is why they can make two plantings of peanuts during
one campaign, which is impossible in Nampula." The nature of the
problems faced in growing peanuts in the two provinces is totally
different.

The research further authorizes the study of introducing mechanical
cultivation of peanuts, with the necessary agricultural equipment
having been imported from Zimbabwe and India. "In 'Nhacoongo, we did
experiments on mechanical planting of peanuts. We noticed that it
was necessary to use a bamboo tube behind the plough, to allow the
seeds to fall in the drier area where it is difficult for them to
germinate," said Ramanaiah.

Canada's International Research and Development Center also proposes
to introduce the practice of extracting peanut oil in the family
agricultural sector. According to Ramanaiah, this is not difficult
to do, since 50 percent of the weight of the “bebiane" variety consists
of oil. He assured us that 50 liters of oil can be extracted from
100 kg of peanuts. He went on to say that there is a notable
receptiveness among farmers in regard to the introduction of improved
techniques of peanut production. He illustrated his statement by
saying that a farm woman from Boane, in Maputo province, after having
received some peanut seeds, gave them back, saying: "We need know-how,
not seeds."

Ramanaiah added furthermore that in one of the production cooperatives
of the green zones of the city of Maputo, improved agricultural
techniques have been introduced, making it possible to double their
yield. Because of this fact, Ramanaiah stressed, the members of that
co-op have frequently sought technical support from Eduardo Mondlane
University's school of agriculture.

To implement the project, the IDRC has established as its first
priority the training of Mozambique technical personnel. Within this
framework, five basic-level technicians have already been sent to
India where they specialized in the areas of improving peanut
production, storage, preserving seeds, and improved growing methods.
Two more technicians will be sent to that country shortly for their
specialty in controlling diseases and improving peanut production.

an agricultural engineer from Mozambique who worked on the project
for two years is currently in India in a post-graduate course.

50



fishermen, the majority of whom were concentrated on the Quirimbas Archipelago,
where Ibo island is located. Moreover, the complex is required to buy the
fishermen's products, channeling them to the consumption sites.

In 1984, the complex's top management moved to the cith of Pemba, capital of
Cabo Delgado Province, because, as the Cuban adviser attached to the complex,
Marcos Gonzalez, explains, "once it was in Ibo, the connection with the provin-
cial agencies was very slight."

Upon the transfer of the top management, the Pemba Fishing Complex came into
existence, leaving the Ibo Fishing Complex, which is subordinate to that of
Pemba, in Ibo. However, the essential issue does not lie in the mere transfer
of management, but rather in the fact that "we are preparing ‘to start semi-
industrial fishing in the Bay of Pemba, because there have been good conditions
for this for a long time," explains the Cuban adviser, who goes’ on to say that,
"Ibo will continue to be a base of support to small-scale fishing, while Pemba
is starting semi-industrial fishing."

The preparations for this phase, considered to be "extremely important" in the
history of that enterprise's development, are already under way. As director
Suluda told AIM, "Soon, three crushed ice factories will be established, the
machinery for which is..a gift from the EEC.”

He explained that one of the factories will be set up at the Pemba municipal
market, and will make ice with fresh water to sell to the city's population and
to the market vendors who need it.

The second factory will be established at the Pemba dock bridge, and will make
ice with both fresh and salt water. The latter will be aimed more at aiding
the Bay of Pemba fishermen.

The third one was due to be built in Pangane, a district of Macomia, but "the
enterprise's station on that site was attacked by armed bandits, and hence
another site with a greater influx of fishermen is now being studied," accord-
ing to Silvestre Suluda.

Another part of the preparations for an improved phase of the complex is the
establishment of a north regional shop, for the repair of Volvo engines in
Pemba. The machinery for this shop is already in the building in which that
activity will be carried out.

The importance of this undertaking consists of the fact that, once the Volvo
shop has been set up, the Pemba Fishing Complex will become the agent for
Volvo engines in the entire northern zone of Mozambique, and all the vessels
with Volvo engines will have to be sent there to receive technical assistance.

The director of the complex remarked: "A batch of spare parts has already been
imported, and some machines are already in the shop. All that is needed is
the arrival of a Swedish technician, who is already in Maputo."; adding that
this activity also has assistance from the EEC.

2909

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46



/13046
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3400/460

Mr Archibald believed this was the
root cause of the church’s trouble and
caused the spate of letters in the
papers as well as the vomments the
Press were printing about the church.

Another speaker said the call for
sanctions had been referred to as un-
christian but it resulted from an un-
christian situation.

The synod passed a motion “giving
thanks to God for the alleviation of
hardships brought about by the remov-
al of the pass laws and calling on the
State President to remove from the
statute book as soon as possible the
Group Areas Act, which is an integral
part of the pass laws system.”

A motion suggesting that a second
diocese be created from the present
Natal diocese was defeated after
lengthy discussion. So too was a pro-
posal for a second Bishop Suffragan to
be elected for the diocese. Time ran out
before a third proposal — that a com-
mission be appointed to investigate the
creation of three dioceses out of the
present one — could be considered.

The Rev Reg Morgan, of Woodlands,
Durban, speaking for the appointment
of an extra Bishop Suffragan, said:
“Our two bishops (Bishop Nuttall and
Suffragan Bishop Alfred Mkhize), for
whatever reason, are overworked and
are finding it difficult to lead the dio-
cese as they would like to lead it.”



It was clear that it had made "no attempt whatever" to become involved in
“the human dimensions" of the displaced people.

"In fact the opposite seems to have occurred namely in harassment of relief
centres and no provision of alternative accommodation."

The state should immediately make "adequate resources" available for relief in
the form of housing, clothing and food.

It should also recompense the major relief organisations for the money they
had already spent.

The people displaced in the fighting should be given help" to obtain compen-
sation from the guilty parties through legal channels" and their representa-
tives should be allowed to be involved in the redevelopment of the devastated
areas.

UMAC member and PFP candidate in the parliaméntary by-election in Claremont
Mr Jan van Eck said at today's briefing that the state had "done nothing and
is still doing nothing."

The budget of the Bureau for Informations pop song for peace was about the
amount the relief organisations had spent on Crossroads and KIC.

The refugees knew that the fighting was.planned and orchestrated to get rid
of them, and this was part of the reason they were resisting a move to
Khayelitsha.

"The bitterness of district six is still with us today," he said. "How long ~
will the bitterness of Crossroads and KTC stay?"

/9716
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85



os Torres said: "They do not use advanced technology and, furthermore,
x movement depends essentially on the wind. All that is to be hoped

is that the wind will blow."

C

He remarked that there is currently a project to be executed in the locality
of Michafutene, which was requested by Project FO-2, whereby a wind system
will be installed in that locality.

vex,there is a project for the local manufacture of mills which, in
ion to undertaking the water pumping, will be provided with a generator
to supply continuous electric current for lighting and domestic use.

ording to Carlos Torres, the project is.only being hampered by lack of
is technical components that would have to be imported.

Acc:

At one juncture, Carlos Vergara Torres blurted: "We sent a proposal to the

Ex ive Council requesting a certain amount of assistance, because the bene-
fits acerued from this operation would be gainful for the country. We think
that if our proposal receives a response, we shall be able to undertake the
instellation of mills of this type abroad, thereby establishing a source of
foreign exchange. We realize that the Executive Council requires an opinion
from the Ministry of Industry."

Regarding the same topic, he said that the party structures have already
expressed an interest in the matter, and have even given instructions to
render more substantial assistance te that enterprise,

@ enterprise is engaged in certain innova—

kos Torres also remarked that th
very simple contrivances of a useful

as well, designing and imp

In this connection, he noted that the Office of Green Zones has already ordered
Roman scales, an item that was devised by Azteca Industries. According to
os Vergarag. the scale is easy to transport and handle, and its use is

d for rural and agricultural areas.

advis

vlog Torres declared: "The use of the scale is very simple. Any person
could use it very readily. It can be used to weigh. the cotton in the field;
ad it may also be used to weigh animals of a moderate size. The manufacture
of this type of scale has been rather slow, because we have not had facilities
to purchase certain types of raw material essential for their manufacture.

y iso have on hand a project to manufacture school compasses, which is also
ble to progress until we purchase an appropriate type of metal."

Counting on Occupational Training

40



ANGOLA

BOTSWANA

JPRS-SSA-86-096
17 SEPTEMBER 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

Deputy Provincial Commissioners Dismissed, Appointed
(Luanda Domestic Service, 23 Aug 86)....ceseeeeececesccececee

Official Urges Cunene Population To Support MPLA
(Leonel Liborio; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 12 Jul 86)......ceceeeeees

Navy Commander Discusses MGPA's Successes
(0. Goncalves, E. Silva; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 10 Jul 86)........

Roberto de Almeida Speaks at Cuba's Moncada Anniversary Function
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 27 Jul 86)......cecccceccececcceececeecens

SONANGOL Terminal Projects in Lobito Continue
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 25 Jul 86).....ceecccccccceccceceseeveeces

Lack of Equipment Hampers Road Repair
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 29 Jul 86).....cccecceeeccce cence ececcenee

Briefs
Officers School Celebrates Anniversary
FAPLA Political Seminar
Savimbi Threat Against Zambia
TEXPRO Figures

Commentary Defends Principled, Pragmatic Foreign Policy
(Gaborone Domestic Service, 22 Aug 86)....cccccccccccccsovce

Briefs
Country To Operate Own Railroad

13

15



113046
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But while on the one hand, the interim government issues what it
terms ‘an open invitation’ to parties outside that ‘government’ to join
the ‘Constitutional Council’, the recent rejection of the Herstigte Na-
sionale Party (HNP) membership, surprised some.

‘Although it is not known what the considerations of the interim
government were in rejecting the HNP, it is presumed that the fact
that the HNP is not in favour of independence may have played a role.

Jn addition to this, it would give the interim government little
credibility, since the only ‘takers’ for membership of the ‘Constitu-
tional Council’ appear to be those parties with right-wing leanings.

‘What the interim government (and doubtless Judge Hiemstra) really
wants, is the membership of such parties as Mr Peter Kalangula’s
CDA, in order to ‘broaden the base’ of credibility for this Council.

EFFORTS TO INCLUDE KALANGULA STILL CONTINUE

AND ALTHOUGH efforts to persuade Mr Peter Kalangula to join
the ‘Constitutional Council’ are still underway (particularly in view
of the fact that the interim government has little or no representation.
from the socalled Ovambo region of Namibia), Mr Kalangula himself
made it categorically clear that he had no interest whatsoever.

‘And it is doubtful too, whether Mr Justus Garoeb of the Damara
Council, would change his views. Both are intent on the implementa-
tion of UNSCR 435, and are opposed to a ‘replacement’ constitution.
for AG 8, unless such a constitution is drawn up by an elected Con-
stituent Assembly, as provided for in the UN Plan.

It would therefore seem that efforts to ‘broaden the base’ of the
“Constitutional Council’ will continue to be unsuccessful.

n

: ‘EXPERTS’ NOT PEOPLE IN FAVOUR OF 435

THE PANEL of constitutional ‘experts’ responsible for advising the
‘Constitutional Council’ are not known to be people in favour of the
implementation of the UN Plan.

The four-man panel, consisting of Professor Marinus Wiechers of
Unisa (known for his pro-DTA ‘sentiments and an adviser to that
delegation since the days of the Turnhalle Conference in 1975);.a cer-
tain Professor Rautenbach of the Randse Afrikaanse University
(RAU); Mr Sean Cleary; chief propagandist of the interim govern-
ment and Director of Transcontinental Consultancy; and Judge
Hiemstra himself, are all ‘ethnicists’ in their own way.

One wonders how Mr Cleary, who prides himself on his ‘objec-
tive’ and ‘non-partial’ stance regarding the interim government, can
propagate a ‘government’ which he is simultaneously advising on a
constitutional dispensation for the country.

One again | want to re-emphasise that the ‘Constitutional Coun-
cil’ has cost the taxpayer a lot of money to date; no progress has been
made to date with the drawing up of a ‘constitution’ in contraven-
tion of Resolution 435, despite Judge Hiemstra’s ‘optimism’; there
is little likelihood of successfully “broadening the base’ of the Coun-
cil to include other parties; the Select Committee on National Unity
was ‘deadlocked’ and this too, will probably be the fate of the ‘Con-
stitutional Council’ itself.

63



MOZAMBIQUE

CANADIAN GROUP FINANCES PEANUT CULTIVATION STUDY
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 10 Jul 86 p 3

Z Text_/ The International Research and Development Center (IDRC)
of Canada is to finance a research project on growing peanuts in our
country at the request of the school of agriculture of Eduardo
Mondlane University. The project, set to last 10 years, was begun
in 1980 and plans to do research on improved ways of growing peanuts,
controlling diseases, storage, and preserving seeds.

This center is an institution that provides support to Third World
countries on applied research, especially on matters related to
family-sector agricultural production. Agricultural engineer
Ramanaiah, who is involved in carrying out the project, said recently
in Inhambane that the objective of the research in Mozambique on
peanut growing is to transmit to farmers techniques that will make it
possible for them to increase peanut production. The research is
currently centered in the provinces of Nampula and Inhambane due to
their potential for growing peanuts.

According to Ramanaiah, 100 varieties of peanuts have already been
collected and identified in Inhambane. Furthermore, at the agricul-
tural station of Nhacoongo, in the Inharrime district, experiments
have been done on the production yield of one of the varieties, the
white or scarlet “bebiane" which has been identified as having a high
productive yield. Furthermore, in Nhacoongo, the application of
fertilizer, namely simple superphosphate, was tested in growing
peanuts. On one hectare, 250 kg of that fertilizer was applied and
2 tons of peanuts were harvested. On the other one-hectare plot,
which received no fertilizer, the yield was 1 ton. According to
Ramanaiah, the cost of the amount of fertilizer applied is 1 million
MT, a reasonable price for farmers. However, he stated that its use
by farmers depends on the experiments that still must be done on

the collective farms in the family sector to evaluate their results.
Everything indicates that application of superphosphate will take
place in the family sector this year, in action to be taken by IDRC
in coordination with the Provincial Cotton Company and the Provincial
Agriculture Board.

It is well known that the causes for the drop in peanut production

in Inhambane had likewise already been investigated. Inhambane used
to be the second-largest peanut-producing province, after Nampula.

49



SOUTHERN CAPE DISTRICTS IN GRIP OF DROUGHT

SOUTH AFRICA

Cape Town THE WEEKEND ARGUS in English 9 Aug 86 p 11

[Article by Mark Stansfield]

[Text]

/13046
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THE Eerste River burst its
banks this week, most dams
are overflowing and the
veld has never been greener
in the Peninsula and Boland
— yet only 180km east of
this Eden parts of the
Southern Cape are experi-

encing their worst drought |

this century.

Already many districts have ,
been granted Phase 1 drought '
relief programmes by the De- *

partment of Agriculture, cattle
and sheep fodder have been
railed in and although water
restrictions are not in force the
Department of Water Affairs
has recommended that con-
sumption be cut to 60 percent
in some areas and irrigation
schemes be halted.
Relief aid

Soon at least two districts
will have Phase 2 aid.

In the words of one River-
dale farmer:

“My children don’t know
what real rain looks and feels
like anymore.”

A Department of Agriculture
spokesman, Mr Johan Bloe-
merus, said Phase 1 aid had
been granted to the Swellen-
dam, Heidelberg and Rivers-
dale districts.

Bredasdorp, Aberdeen, Mos-
sel Bay, George and Knysna
are awaiting the outcome of

3400/461

END

98

their applications, while Hei-
delberg and Riversdale have
applied for Phase 2.

Phase 1 aid applied for by
farmers entitles them to a 75
percent transport rebate on
‘odder for their starving herds
— provided they use the South
African Transport Services, he
said.

“Approved farmers are also
entitled to a total loan of
4500. The farmer must pass a
means test to qualify for this
type of aid,” Mr Bloemerus
said.

Phase 2 is the same as Phase
1, except that the total loan of
R4 500 is subsidised by 50 per-
cent, he said.

Restrictions

_ Riversdale assistant Town
Clerk Mr B Saaiman said the
drought had not affected resi-
dents.

“We do not have water re-
strictions because the Depart-
ment of Water Affairs said
there is enough water in the
Clanwilliam dams but they
have advised us to limit con-
sumption to 60 percent by cut-
ting irrigation schemes,” he
added. \ .

Mr CJ Linde of De Fontein
Farm, Riversdale, said: “It dif-

‘fers from district to district as

far as water is concerned.”

__ “But when it comes to graz-
ing I think we're all aground in
the same boat.”



GUINEA-BISSAU

NATION'S DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN POWERS DESCRIBED
Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 2 Aug 86 pp 28R-29R
[Article by Jose A. Salvador]

[Text] "The coup d'etat took me by surprise. Absolutely by surprise," we
were told by the former president of Guinea-Bissau, Luis Cabral, when he
received us this week at his residence on the outskirts of Lisbon.

For nearly 6 years after being deposed by Nino Vieira, the current chief of
state, Luis Cabral maintained a constant silence that was broken only by
publication of his book on the establishment of the PAIGC and the war
unleashed in Guinea against the Portuguese presence. He has now decided to
express his opinion publicly so that, as he said to us, his silence would not
be construed as complicity in the recent events in his country.

There is no resentment in his words, although one senses a feeling of some
sorrow at what happened 5 years ago and at the events which have just put
Guinea-Bissau on the front pages of the newspapers.

On 14 November 1980, the perpetrators of the coup d'etat accused Luis Cabral
of committing murders and of importing into Guinea-Bissau a development model
unsuited to the country's realities. To those accusations the rebels added
Bissau's "subservience" to Cape Verde, thus challenging the entire process of
unification that the party had been carrying out since it was founded. And
today it is admitted, as Luis Cabral confirmed to us, that the assassination
of Amilcar Cabral was related to the issue of unity between the two countries.

Any independent observer will admit that the divorce between Bissau and Praia
has considerably diminished the influence of both countries in West Africa and
seriouly harmed Guinea~Bissau's development. On that point, one need only
compare reality in the two countries.

Cape Verde has ample supplies, manages its international aid reasonably well,
enjoys a stable regime, and has no political prisoners. Guinea-Bissau is a
country where everything is in short supply, it apparently has no development
model to get it out of its serious economic situation, its jails are crammed

23



the USSR itself has been hesitant about committing itself to a regime whose
days, to all appearances, are numbered.

Meanwhile, "Nino" is in Addis Ababa for the OAU's 40th summit meeting. That
is quite a risky excursion on his part, considering that it has now become a
habit of young African republics to overthrow their chiefs of state precisely
while the latter are traveling abroad.

11798
CSO: 3442/283

19



incompatibility with the then secretary general, Eva Fernandes. President
Dhlakama (whose prestige has become heightened thanks to a series of military
successes) has taken over the political duties of the secretary general;
however, he has not changed the previous direction. line.

2909
CSO: 3442/293

31



used in Holland and now in several European countries and is normally
used in areas subject to heavy overloads as in the case of ports where
heavy equipment is used. It is preferred because of its high resis-
tance capacity. Other advantages it has compared to other types of
pavement, especially in the area of economy of construction, are its
prolonged lifespan and ease of maintenance.

Rashid also added that a fire-fighting system will consist of a
system of tubes mounted on all the docks and a pumping station using
sea water, compared to the present system of a network of tubes with
water from the general supply network, which was plagued with problems
due to low water pressure.

9895
CSO: 3442/279

55



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

RSA ECONOMIC AGGRESSION REPORTED--According to the latest issue of the
ZIMBABWE NEWS, the official organ of the ruling party, ZANU-PF, the strategic
location and potential natural resources of Zimbabwe and Mozambique have made
them targets of aggression by racist South Africa, In an article entitled
"Mah Uses of Cooperation Between Zimbabwe and Mozambique," the magazine says
imperialism, using racist South Africa, aims at paralyzing the natural resour-
ces of these countries. The article noted that Mozambique and Zimbabwe made
sacrifices in pursuit of unity and prosperity and have gained the freedom to
choose their destiny and escape from colonialism. It said the hard-won inde-
pendence of these two countries is the most secure basis for the establishment
of bilateral cooperation. On trade, the magazine urged the two countries to
persue a high degree of bilateral cooperation through the maximum use of
regional institutions such as the SADCC and the PTA [Preferential Trade Area. ]
[Text] [Harare Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 25 Aug 86 MB]

DROUGHT AID FOR MATEBELELAND-~Bulawayo. More than 140 000 people in the
Matebeleland North province have started receiving drought relief from the
Government and non-governmental organisations, the provincial administrator,
Cde Zwelibanzi Mzilethi, said here yesterday. Cde Mzilethi said although
large quantities of food aid would be needed, it was still difficult to
quantify this as the screening exercise for potential recipients was not yet
complete. Figures on this would be made known in two weeks time, he said.
"The distribution of drought relief began sometime in March this year and we
have had no serious problems so far. "Although the drought situation in our
province is not as bad as in Matabeleland South, we have had crops in some of
our districts destroyed by pests and elephants," Cde Mzilethi said.--Ziana.
[Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 15 Aug 86 p 7] /13046

cso: 3400/461a

73



the idea of grandiose projects. A
n Bissau with loans obtained on the
ycerest rates. Management of the
hotel will be entrusted to a U.S. ational hotel firm, but there is
argument in Bissau over whether the coventry can absorb such a project when it
currently cannot even operate the 24 September Hotel and the Grande Hotel
efficiently.

Nino Vieira apparently has not aba,
large hotel unit is currently being
international market at extremely

Another current project that is being questioned because of its grandiose
nature is the port of Bissau. Experts from the World Bank (which, along with
the Arab Fund, provided the financing for its construction) are now
questioning the validity of the undertaking, considering that it will exceed
the country's needs and the requirements of port traffic.

Dependence on Others

Guinea-Bissau currently has about 70 small and medium-sized industrial
firms that are practically not operating. Located chiefly in the belt around
the capital, those units are suffering the effects of the economic crisis:
they lack energy, raw materials, and spare parts for damaged equipment.

Bissau is permanently subject to power outages for two reasons: the shortage
of gas oil with which to operate the electric plant and the fact that the
generators are constantly breaking down. A breakdown in the energy supply
produces a chain reaction of effects in market supplies, transportation,
fishing, and other sectors of activity.

Contributing particularly to the energy crisis, which has intensified this
year, is the fact that Angola has stopped supplying fuel. Behind that
decision by Luanda is the internal situation in Angola, which has been feeling
the effects of a cheaper dollar and the lower price per barrel of petroleum,
and also the fact that Bissau still owes for previous deliveries.

The situation has led Bissau to request authorization from Holland to use part
of this year's donation of 5 million guilders from that country to buy fuels.

Guinea-Bissau's economy is also suffering the negative effects of falling
prices on the international market for coconuts and peanuts (the country's
main exports). To understand the gravity of the situation, it is important
to recall that "in 1985, the service due on foreign debt totaled $9.1 million,
or the equivalent of about 80 percent of the export earnings" for that year.

Despite the rescheduling and forgiveness of debt that Bissau has been granted
in certain cases, "the arrears in connection with foreign debt totaled $25
million in 1985," and that is double the export earnings officially recorded
during the year. What this means is that if Guinea-Bissau were to fulfill
part of its debt commitments, it would have no money left for importing fuels,
foodstuffs, and other essential products for the country's functioning. Hence
the indispensability of an urgent agreement with the IMF or the World Bank,
without which Guinea-Bissau's economy may suffer a genuine collapse.

25



/13046
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3400/460

of optometry there — the only one in Natal — has
more white than Indian students. Without the white

Students, the department may not be able to get its

present subsidy.

A steady increase in the number of bursaries
available to African students means that more will
be able to get a university education.

The Government subsidy system appears to be
the cause most likely to alter the entire character
of the former “Indians only campus”.

When students’ race is disregarded as universi-
ties compete for the same market of matriculants,
sometimes to maintain past figures just to avoid
cutting staff, then even the Government won't be
able to reverse the trend.

91



ANGOLA

ROBERTO DE ALMEIDA SPEAKS AT CUBA'S MONCADA ANNIVERSARY FUNCTION
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 27 Jul 86 pp 1, 12

[Text] The storming of Moncada Barracks by Fidel Castro and his comrades 33
years ago "marked. the beginning of the heroic feat that was to result in the
victory of the revolution on 1 January 1959, with the decisive phase of the
"Granma' landing and the events in the Sierra Maestra and the Bay of Pigs,
subsequently continued in Kifangondo, Keve, Ebo, and Cangamba, up until our
time."

These remarks were made yesterday by the party's Central Committee secretary
for the ideological area, Roberto de Almeida, a member of the Politburo, at
the politico-cultural ceremony highlighting the commemoration in Angola of the
33rd anniversary of that heroic act, held at the Karl Marx Cinema in Luanda.

Roberto de Almeida, who spoke on behalf of the party's Central Committee, also
said that "the flame of Moncada spread to revolutionary Angola, and was marked
by heroic deeds," in the blood of our people's beloved sons, just as it had
already been shown in the courage of other Cuban heroes, in a feat later taken
up by internationalist combatants, "whose blood helped to consolidate the
independence of the People's Republic of Angola."

That leader remarked, in addition, that, "The repercussions of 26 July in Cuba
were reiterated 8 years later on the morning of 4 February 1961, when a group
of determined patriots, under the guidance of the MPLA, imitated the example

of the Cuban revolutionaries, and stormed the citadels of Portuguese colonial-

ism."

The secretary of the Central Committee for the ideological area also commented
on the situation currently being experienced in the southern part of our
continent. In this connection, he noted that, in this area, the imperialists
are currently engaged in a supreme battle in the defense of their strategic
interests and for the survival of "apartheid," and thus the peoples of Namibia
and South Africa are still being denied the most fundamental rights.

He did not fail to mention the obstacles raised by Pretoria's racist regime to
the implementation of Resolution 435/78 of the UN Security Council, using for
this purpose the pretext of the presence of Cuban internationalist troops in
the People's Republic of Angola.



ANGLICAN SYNOD ANNOUNCES OPPOSITION TO VIOLENCE

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 11 Aug 86 p 3

{Text]

THE Natal Synod of the Anglican
Church, responding to recent alle-
gations over its attitude to the use
of violence to bring about change,
yesterday announced its opposition
to violence as a means of removing
apartheid.

‘The synod, meeting in Pietermaritz-
burg, unanimously passed a motion to
this effect.

The mover, diocesan secretary Mr
Nevilie Greenham, referred specifical-
ly to criticism of the church contained
in letters published by newspapers. He
made no reference to accusations lev-
elied at the church by Zulu King Good-
will Zwelithini and KwaZulu Chief Min-
ister Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi on
the violence issue.

The motion also recorded the synod’s
opposition to apartheid, “which is itself
violence against the freedom of the in-
dividual in South Africa.”

Referring to the letter writers, Mr
Greenham said: “We don’t know’ who
they are and it is difficult to reply to
anonymous writers. But since synod
has followed so soon after the spate of
comments, it might look strange to
some people who are suspicious of the
church if synod went by without saying
anything about it.”

ile said various prominent people :

had written to the Press but he was not

74

going to name any names. He felt the
Devil was having a wonderful time at
present, with Christians having a go at
each other.

“References are made to the South
African Council of Churches, to Diakon-
ia and even the World Council of
Churches asking why are we still mem-

i bers, Meantime those same critics
don’t worry about the fact that the
Government of South Africa is still a
member of the United Nations, which
criticises apartheid and South Africa.”

Mr Greenham said the time had
«come to make positive statements
“about what we do believe in and not to
be put off by this wrangling.”

Archbishop-elect Desmond Tutu
came under fire from an Umzinto lay
delegate, Mr Tom Archibaid, during a
debate on a motion concerning the
church committing itself to preaching
the Gospel to both its regular congre-
gations and to those outside the church.

Mr Archibald said Bishop Tutu trav-
elled around the world making calls for
sanctions and disinvestment.

“T believe that call to be unchristian
because what will flow from sanctions
and disinvestment is added misery,
added hunger and less jobs. This will
cause added violence.

“People are leaving the church and
are withholding their finances because
of this.”

SOUTH AFRICA


SOUTH AFRICA

PFP DRIVE FOR MORE DELEGATES UNDER WAY

MB250938 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1802 GMT 24 Aug 86

[Text] Cape Town, Aug 24, SAPA--The Progressive Federal Party is to launch a
campaign over the coming months with the aim of doubling its seat in Parlia~
ment, in the next general election. The announcement was made after the
party's Federal Council meeting in Cape Town today.

The chairman of the Federal Council, Mr Ken Andrew, said the ultimate aim was
to attract enough members to the party to generate a large number of defections
from the National Party. A number of prominent Nationalists had expressed an
interest in the PFP but would not join the party unless it became clear that

it was big enough to be an alternative government.

Mx Andrew announced a new national strategy for the party with the aim of
thrusting for power. A campaign was to be launched to bring about a non-
racial local government and the party had decided it would not co-operate with
the establishment of Regional Services Councils, and would do everything in
its power to force the government to think again.

Mr Andrew said he believed that there was a real chance for the PFP to become
the government, adding research showed that hundreds of thousands of white
voters supported the basic attitudes of the PFP but had not joined the party.
This he ascribed to a communication gap.

"Eyen if half of them could be persuaded to support the PFP we could double
our number of seats on Parliament."

In the short term it was unlikely that any National Party MPs would defect to
the PFP, but the PFP would become increasingly attractive to the Nationalists.
Several hundred thousand rand had been earmarked for the campaign and it was
hoped that it would be on-stream by the first quarter of next year.

Asked if he believed that a general election was imminent, Mr Andrew said the
party leadership did not believe there would be an election within the next
“couple of months." However, it was recognised the final decision rested with
the state president, Mr P.W. Botha. The party would move into a pre-election
phase, gearing up for an election, but would not go on a full election footing.

80



ANGOLA

OFFICIAL URGES CUNENE POPULATION TO SUPPORT MPLA
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 12 Jul 86 pp 1, 12

[Article by Leonel Liborio]

(Text] Lubango--The Party Central Committee's secretary for administration
and finance, Jacinto Chipopa, said yesterday that international imperialism's
direct threats against our country and growing interference in the internal
affairs of the RPA [People's Republic of Angola] are becoming an ever-
increasing danger and are part of the attempt to destabilize the RPA

politically, economically, and militarily.

Jacinto Chipopa, who was speaking in Castanheira de Pera, the temporary
capital of heroic Cunene Province, at a rally to enlighten the inhabitants and
make them aware of the economic-financial situation being experienced by the
country as a result of the sudden drop in oil prices, also recalled the Party
Political Bureau's resolution on alerting the entire population to the need to

face up to the situation.

He also said that the situation has been jeopardizing fulfillment of a_ few
plans approved at the second party congress. He emphasized: "We are selling
our petroleum at half the price we were getting a few months ago. This
necessarily entails a revision of our foreign exchange budget."

In that context, he urged the inhabitants to implement, unhesitatingly and
sincerely, the Political Bureau's directive ordering austerity in spending,
strict control of foreign exchange expenditures, and a temporary suspension of
expenditures for travel on government service and by cultural and sports
delegations and for training courses abroad except with authorization from

above.

Jacinto Chipopa made it a point to recall that because of the economic—
financial situation being experienced by the country, the Political Bureau had
ordered a temporary suspension of transfers of funds to the population,
including monthly family allotments, and of the import plan for the current
year, excluding only the importation of priority goods that are absolutely
essential to the life of the inhabitants.



influx control, the granting of freehold title in urban areas to blacks and
the granting of South African citizenship to some blacks. But these had been
overshadowed by mounting economic recession and intensified political violence
that culminated in a resumption of the state of emergency, growing inter-
national pressure and resurgent right-wing extremism.

Mc Steyn said many whites feared the multi-racial composition of South Africa.
But for his this was a unique opportunity that had been unused for too long
because of prejudice and fear. "The writing is not on the wall for South
Africa. It is on the wall for apartheid and white domination of our political
system. We have been given another chance to write something meaningful....

we have the chance to prove that people of different racial groups can live
together in peace with each other. May it never be said about us when our his-
tory is written, that this generation was known for lost and unused opportuni-

ties," he said.

/9716
cso: 3400/468

78



SOUTH AFRICA

CAPE TOWN COUNCIL PROPOSES LOW-COST JOB CREATION

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 12 Aug 86 p 7

[Yext]

113046
cso:

CAPE TOWN needs to pro-
vide 133 new jobs each work-
ing day just to keep unem-
ployment at its present level,
according to a report from the
City Council on low-cost job
creation.

And unless the regional
economy is restructured to
make it more labour-inten-
sive, the cost of creating these
jobs could be as high as R2,5-
billion a year.

The report, prepared in re-
sponse to the President's
Council’s request for submis-
sions on employment cre-
ation, calls for a broadly-
tbased strategy, involving the

State, local government and
the business sector, to combat
growing unemployment and
create work as cheaply as
possible.

Among the recommenda-
tions are:

@ That the government pro-
vide tax incentives for la-
bour-intensive industries, for
companies employing school-
leavers and for companies of-
fering apprenticeships and
training to employees.

@That “economically re-
strictive” laws like the Group.
Areas Act and the Aliens Act
be reviewed.

@That the stringent con-
trols and high standards im-

3400/460

89

posed on small businesses be
eased. . ¥

@That the government
commit itself to a non-racial
education policy which would
encourage the development
of marketable business and
technical skills.

@That local and central
government spend money on
labour-intensive public
works, and award contracts
on the basis of the number of
jobs they would provide rath-
er than tender price alone.

The report says the cre-
ation of more jobs at a reason-
able cost requires a “radical
philosophic shift by both the
private and public sectors so

as to accord priority to the
employment of more people
and less capital in the form of
fewer machines and less ex-
pensive buildings”.

The aim should be to re-
duce the cost of creating each
job to the average annual sal-
ary of an industrial worker —
less than R10 000 a year.

The report warns that un-
employed and labour organi-
zations should be involved
from the outset in formulat-
ing a job-creation strategy
and any scheme which would
undercut the pay and working
conditions negotiated by
unions for their members
should be avoided.



According to the statistics, the company had 3,741 head of cattle in
1983 and the following year the figure went up to 3,900, but dropped
immediately to 2,900. From here one can deduce that in 1984, 1,000
head of cattle were slaughtered, a number that would go up to 1,310
in 1985, leaving a current total of 1,590 head of cattle in the two
units taken together. Concerning the slaughter of cattle which are
considered old, the governor gave instructions for the veterinarian
who authorizes the slaughter to work out and sign a compromise on
this matter since what is currently being verified is totally un-
acceptable.

Milk Disappeared at Xai-Xai

The Xai-Xai Livestock Company, with units in Lezirias and Lumane, has
the fundamental purpose of producing milk to supply the city of
Xai-Xai. This task has been forgotten, however, and there is no
longer any milk for sale in that city. Of the 11,500 liters of milk
that the company produced daily, at an average of 3.5 liters per head,
this year the yield has been reduced to 400-500 liters per day, of
which only 50 liters are intended for consumption, since the remainder
serve to feed the calves. The amount of milk currently being made
available by the company for public consumption is not even sufficient
to supply the company's own workers, calculated to be 180. This fact
deeply disappointed Governor Pateguana and he stated: “We want to
know, starting in 1983, to whom the company's cattle were sold, who
sold them, with what reason, and for what purpose. The workers should
play a prevalent role in locating the cattle," he concluded.

9895
CSO: 3442/279

57



scattered throughout the whole province, where farmers had to be
accompanied by our armed forces so that they could pick and market
cashews. In some localities, the FPIM themselves had to reconcile
their military activity with that work.

In the last few years, cashew marketing has been complemented by a
program to plant new cashew nut trees in a measure that, on the one
hand, aims to replace those that are getting old or are destroyed by
uncontrolled burning, and, on the other hand, to increase the province's
cashew production. This five-year program has been gaining greater
support among the people every year, since the dynamization commissions
have been explaining the importance of new cashew nut trees within the
context of the national economy.

Although on balance the campaign has been a success, it has suffered
some difficulties, arising mainly from the lack of products to barter.
The lack of products of great interest to the farmers was one of the
problems observed in the past campaign. A large amount of merchandise
distributed at the beginning of the campaign consisted of trinkets
that stayed on the middlemen’s shelves for several months. Soap,
cloth, material, petroleum, and sugar, labeled as essentials for
collecting cashews, were insufficient for the farmers' high demand.

To keep the farmers from going back home with their cashews, some
shopowners were forced to convince them to sell the cashews with the
promise of being first in line as soon as merchandise which interested
them came in.

Distribution of 44 vehicles, including trucks, tractors, and pickups,
by middlemen in the past campaign constitutes recognition of the work
done in cashew marketing, and is furthermore a stimulus for a greater
effort in the coming campaigns. However, it is important to improve
the supply and distribution of barter products. These products have
hot been available in sufficient quantities to satisfy the consuming
habits of the farmers of each region where cashew marketing is pursued.

9895
CSO: 3442/279

53



BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

COUNTRY TO OPERATE OWN RATLROAD--Botswana is to begin running its own railways
system next year when the National Railway of Zimbabwe, the NRZ, ceases
operation in that country. The minister of transport, Comrade Herbert
Ushewokunze, said this at a news conference in Harare today after meeting

the Botswana Minister of Works and Communications, Mr Colin Blackbeard.

Mr Blackbeard is in Zimbabwe for talks with Comrade Ushewokunze on prepara-
tory arrangements for Botswana to take over the running of the railways
system in that country from the NRZ. [Text] [Harare Domestic Service

in English 1600 GMT 24 Aug 86] /9604

csO: 3400/491

15



MOZAMBIQUE

LOW FISH PRICES THREATEN PEMBA FISHING COOPERATIVE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 Jul 86 p 8

[Text] At the present time, the Pemba Fishing Complex is experiencing a diffi-
cult financial situation owing to the low prices at which fish is being sold

to PESCOM [Mozambican Fishing Enterprise] and to the public as a whole. Accord-
ing to statements made to AIM [Mozambique Information Agency] in the city of
Pemba by the director of that enterprise, Silvestre Suluda, the complex loses

9 metieals on every kilogram of fish that it sells to PESCOM, and 3 meticals

on the same amount sold directly to the public.

Silvestre Suluda explained: "This is happening because the prices in effect,
approved last year, are by now exceeded, if we consider the current costs of
the spare parts for boats with which the complex operates, for transportation,
and for the generators providing electric power to the cold storage chambers,
as well as the gas for the chambers, the lubricants, and the workers’ wages."

As if that were not enough, adds the director, it is the complex which transports
the fish from the production sites to the PESCOM entrance in the city of Pemba;
hence, the expenses resulting from that operation, combined with the aforemen-
tioned factors and the low productivity on the sea have caused the cost of the
end product to be far higher than the official price at which it is sold.

This problem is being felt with particular. severity this year because, during
previous years, the complex as well as several other state enterprises survived
as a result of a budget fund which subsidized the enterprises’ activity and
which was often assigned to subsidize the sales prices of fish.

The director remarked: "This year, the finance agency reduced that fund, as part
of the central orientation that state enterprises would have to be profitable
or close their doors"; adding: “If we continue in this type of deficit situa-
tion, it will be difficult for us to pay reimbursement for the 6,000 contos'
worth of equipment that we have received from EQUIPESCA [Mozambican Fishing
Equipment Enterprise] this year."

He said that, "as an attempt to escape from this situation," the complex's
management has already devised a plan to make the enterprise economically viable;
a plan which, among other things, includes the proposal to raise the price of
fish "at least-:third grade fish for, though its maximum official price is 35
meticals per kilogram, it is actually being sold for 50 meticals per kilogram.
Therefore, the proposal will be intended to gear the price to reality."

44



One of the goals of the decontrol of prices is to give an incentive for agricul-
tural production, motivating producers.

A new aspect has now appeared, with the introduction of the cooperatives' stands
into the markets, so as to create an even greater difference in prices. Accord-
ing to Candido Joaquim, the first results of this strategy are already beginning
to be regped.

According to sources connected with the central market, stands of three coopera-
tives, namely, the Central District's consumer cooperative, the Polana, and the
Sommerschield, are already operating in that market.

In addition to the products purchased from the Fruit and Vegetable Enterprise,
such as green beans, tomatoes, squash, and grapefruit, the cooperatives have
put up for sale other products purchased from private producers, with the
financial expenses that this entails.

This pertains to tangerines, which are often sold by the cooperatives with a
profit margin of nearly 10 percent; a percentage that is reckoned based on
the risk of spoilage and other damage related to their handling.

Producers Start a 'War'

The meeting held recently with small farmers, breeders of small species of
livestock, and others, made it possible to decide on a strategy for combating
high prices, namely, the formation of regional associations.

During the meeting, it was decided to create an office that would guarantee the
consumer the direct purchase of green vegetables, as a means of eliminating

middlemen.

The producers expressed determination to fight for the increased reduction in
market prices as a way of enhancing the value of their work.

They also expressed willingness to group together into regional associations,
in the southern part of the country, to combat rising prices. For this
purpose, the organizing commissions that will direct the process of creating
the associations have already been formed.

2909
cso: 3442/280

48



SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT POLICY SAID FAILING TO COPE WITH REALITIES
MB251312 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1224 GMT 25 Aug 86

[Text] Bloemfontein, Aug 25, SAPA--Government policies had failed to cope
with the realities of an industrialising, multi-racial economy and society,
Mr J.H. Steyn, Executive Chairman of the Urban Foundation, said tonight. In
an address to the Urban Foundation's annual regional report-back meeting in
Bloemfontein, Mr Steyn said that for reform to be effective it had to be
accompanied by development policies that offered "products that dynamically
affect the lives of people through participatory projects and programmes."
He said those committed to a more just and democratic society in South
African faced three options: They could support violent change, they could
cling to the policies of the past and attempt to maintain the status quo, or
they could promote a "planned and rapid process of change."

Mr Steyn said the Urban Foundation was very clear as to where it stood. It
believed that rapid, purposeful reform was the only way that this society

will achieve the kind of transformation necessary to restore real and lasting
peace in South Africa. The Urban Foundation, however, totally rejected the
idea that the end justifies the means. The way in which people conducted their
lives, engages in political activity and established inter-racial allegiances
today will influence the kind of society to which South Africa was moving.

"We believe that the manner in which South Africa does change, the kinds of
experience of emerging leaders, the levels of developmental activity, the
state of the economy and the values upheld in the process of transition will
greatly affect the nature of the future society and the degree of conflict that
may accompany its formation," he said in remarks prepared for delivery.

Mr. Steyn said reform was a word that had become widely discredited, not be-
cause the concept was invalid, but because it had been misused... "Fundamen—
tal reform can have transformative consequences as great as those of any
bloody revolution, but without the appalling cost or incalculable risk. If
accompanied by developmental activity seen to deliver products that dynamically
affects the lives of people through participatory projects and programmes, the
process can demonstrate the integrity of its purpose and thus sustain its
momentum," he said.

Mr Steyn said the government had committed itself to a process of reform that
has resulted in three positive changes in the last six months—-the repeal of

77



JORNAL DE ANGOLA also learned that, for the total repair of the roads, the DNOE
would have to use 1,500 tons of cement per year, but, according to its director,
“Not even half that amount is used, although the situation improved during the
first half of this year, when the DNOE received nearly 17 tons."

During the rainy season, the traffic on the Serra de Leba road was halted on
several occasions because of rock slides along that section. To correct this
situation, a brigade consisting of 28 workers has been detailed to the site,
where it is blasting rock with dynamite so as to put a stop to that situation.

Joao Guerra reported that the only difficulty being encountered by this brigade
is the lack of specific machines for loading rocks; a problem that is combined
with the poor conditions with respect to sleeping quarters, warm clothing,
boots, and food, because the temperature in this province is changeable.

In addition to this task, the DNOE has started repairing the bridge located
between the municipalities of Caconda and Caluqumbe. Last year, over 10
primitive bridges were rebuilt, in turn, and work of this type of continuing

at present.

After requesting aid from the Internal Trade Ministry's provincial agencies
in the area of food supplies for the brigades detailed to locations far from
the city, Joao Guerra remarked: "Efforts are still being made to overcome the

existing difficulties."

2909
csO: 3442/298

10



MOZAMBIQUE

INHAMBANE CASHEW MARKETING CAMPAIGN ENDS SUCCESSFULLY
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 25 Jul 86 p 3

ZtText_/ The cashew marketing campaign ended in the province of
Inhambane with good results, due not only to the dynamism caused

by the commissions created in the districts and province, but also
to the improvement in cashew production. The commissions’ dynamism
made itself felt in the mobilization of farmers to pick and market
cashews, aS well as in the resolution of the problems arising out of
the process of collecting this strategic export product.

The role of the commissions in energizing the campaign was fundamental
im overcoming the difficulties related to the marketing of cashews,
given the lack of transportation in some districts. In Mabote, for
example, marketing cashews from the marketing posts to the district's
main town was practically carried out entirely by farmers.

The improvement in cashew production registered in the 1985-86 campaign
was most evident in the Zavala district, where instead of the 200 tons
projected, 1,411 were harvested. The district took first place as

a result of succeeding in marketing the largest quantity of cashews,
followed in order by Massinga and Morrumbene, with a total of nearly
6,200 tons in the whole province, which represented a record amount

in the six previous campaigns.

One should also stress the fact that the quantities of cashews
marketed in each district have been cleaned upon entering the
processing plant in Inhambane, an experience which has been quite
positive.

This relatively new process had to be started in the face of the
disparities that existed between the quantities furnished by middlemen
and those furnished by the factory, in regards to the marketed cashews.
To a certain extent, this created obstacles in the process of monitor-
ing the goals assigned to the districts and to the province. Since
the adoption of this method, monitoring the marketing goals has become
efficient and it is now possible to keep up with how the campaign is
progressing at any moment.

With Inhambane province being affected by war, as is the case in
several parts of the country, it was necessary to reconcile the
marketing of cashews with actions by the armed forces of Mozambique
(FPLM) in the fight against armed bandits. Examples of this were

52


SOUTH AFRICA

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

ECONOMIC

Anglican Synod Announces Opposition to Violence
(THE DAILY NEWS, 11 Aug 86)..

Religious Objection Head Addresses Cape Forum
(SAPA, 24 Aug 86).. rine

Government Policy Said Failing To Cope With Realities
(SAPA, 25 Aug 86).... dence eee e eee e ene eeneeeee

Eglin Addresses PFP Executive Council Meeting
(SAPA, 24 Aug 86)..cscceeeeeeees

PFP Drive for More Delegates Under Way
(SAPA, 24 Aug 86)..

PFP's Eglin Discusses Various Issues
(BBC World Service, 22 Aug 86)..

PFP Calls for Probe of Crossroads, KTC Violence
(SAPA, 25 Aug 86).....--

Whites Favor End of Influx Control
(SAPA, 22 Aug 86)....

INA Perlman Says Country Faces ‘Ethiopia-Like' Situation
(Graham Spence; THE DAILY NEWS, 19 Aug BE) coc ceeeeceeeeeee

Cape Town Council Proposes Low-Cost Job Creation
(CAPE TIMES, 12 Aug 86)....sseeececcecsceceeeeseeeerecee ees

Black Enrollment at UDW Increasing
(Quraish Patel; POST NATAL, 20-23 Aug 86)......eeeeeeeeeoee

Radio Comments on Sanctions, Luanda Summit
(Johannesburg International Service, 26 Aug 86)...----0eeee

Radio Praises Houphouet-Boigny Call for Dialogue
(Johannesburg International Service, 27 Aug 86)....eeeeveee

Briefs
Employees Oppose Legislation
Indian Rent Control Board Reinstatement

SATS Accused of Tariff War on Frontline States

(THE STAR, 13 Aug 86)...seseeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeereeneees

-d-

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95


SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

BRIEFS

REGULAR AEROFLOT FLIGHTS--The Soviet airline AEROFLOT will open an office in
Sao Tome and expects to begin regular flights between Moscow and the Sao
Tomean capital, with stops in Belgrade and Tripoli, in January 1987. At
first, the flights will be monthly or semimonthly, depending on circumstances.
[Text] [Lisbon DIARIO DE NOTICIAS in Portuguese 11 Aug 86 p 11] 11798

CSO: 3442/283

69



political prisoners, aid i 2 permanently unstable regime that has
one successive crises since the coup d'etat against Luis Cabral.

Grandiose Projects

Five years after Nino Vieira's coup d'etat, the first doubts
intentions of the self-styled "readjustment movement" are appearing.
doubts may have led to and formed the backdrop to the recent events in Bissau.

From the economic standpoint, it is undeniable that the situation in Guinea-
Bissau now is incomparably more serious than it was in Luis Cabrel's time.

The current crisis can be described briefly as one of uncontrolled inflation,
gradual growth of the black market in foreign exchange and goods, a breakdown
in supplies of food and energy for the public, a high foreign debt estimated
at $270 million, and the Central Bank's lack of liquidity.

Guinea-Bissau may complain about the fact that international aid has been
declining in recent years (a phenomenon that will continue primarily as a
result of the country's current policy) and that the time has come to pay for
the “economic mistakes" attributed to Luis Cabral's administration.

The former president continues tc regard as correct the policy that he himself
pursued in the economic field, and he defends the validity of twe projects
that aroused a blazing controversy after the coup. We are referring to the
industrial complex in Cumere and the plant for producing automobiles of a
well-known French make. Both projects have been abandoned.

In defending Cumere, Luis Cabral emphasized the circumstance that peanuts
cannot be stored for a long period, 2 fact making it worthwhile to provide for
their “industrial processing in Guinea-Bissau itself."

He said: "The plant made it possible to exploit peanuts. Once Europe
discovered other oilseeds--sunflower, corn, and even soybeans--the price of
peanuts dropped drastically in world markets. Since the Guinean peasant was
used to growing peanuts, it was necessary to process them locally."

The investment totaled $23 million in funds from Guinea-Bissau, Saudi Arabia,
and Belgium (today the plant would cost $40 million). It was the intention of
these behind the project that the plant would produce crude peanut oil, oil
for the inhabitants, soap, and feed for livestock.

Luis Cabral described the abandonment of Cumere as “criminal” and denied that
the industriel complex "would have made Guinea-Bissau dependent on peanuts as
its only crop."

He explained: "The plant could have used coconuts and cottonseed."

Tne former president also defended the automobile production unit, emphasizing
that local activity would have provided 50 percent of the finis! ed product and
that the plant would have relied almost exclusively on lecal manpower.



SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

GOOD PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT SEEW
Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 1 Aug 86 p 22
[First paragraph is TEMPO introduction]

[Text] Although there is still no prospect of surmounting the external
deficit, the rising trend in Sao Tome and Principe's exports, combined with
the gradual limiting of imports, makes it possible to foresee favorable
development for the country's economy. The GDP should double by 1990.

Sao Tome and Principe's development plan for the period from 1986 to 1990
anticipates that in the last year of the plan, the country's exports will
total 872.5 million dobras (the Sao Tomean currency), compared to imports
valued at 1,516 million dobras.

The overall strategy in the plan is based on six vital goals: modernizing the
economic apparatus by mobilizing foreign funds for the state sector;
rehabilitating the capecity for production and innovation in state-owned
enterprises; dynamizing labor relations by giving respensibility te the
workers and managers in state-owned enterprises; mobilizing national savings;
reducing geographic isolation; and setting in mction a vast tax and monetary
reforn.

According to the estimates in the plan, the tonnage of exported cocoa~—-cocoa
being the main product sold by Sao Tome and Principe abroad--showid rise by 55
percent during the period in question (12 percent annually), resulting in
foreign exchange earnings of 609 million dobras in 1990.

In that same year, coffee sales abroad are to total 17 million dobras, while
sales of copra and coconut should total 96 miilion dobras, and sales of fish
should total 30.5 million dobras.

Earnings from tourism may also rise to 60 million debras, considering that a
new 100-bed hotel is in the process of completion and that Sao Tome and
Principe intends to pay some attention to that sector.

Based on the combined effect of developments in exports (which are tending to
rise) and imports (which are tending to decline), it is estimated that the GDP

67



OTM said that the objectives which took him to Niassa were fully
achieved and that he felt quite satisfied with the positive work

which is being carried out there, in_spite_of_the enormous difficulties
which his organization is facing. Text_/ £ Maputo NOTICIAS in
Portuguese 5 Jul 86 p 3_/ 9895

JAPANESE DONATE EQUIPMENT--The government of Japan, through its embassy in our
country, has offered a donation consisting of 20 tractors, grading machines,

and loading shovels with spare parts, 10 trucks, vehicles, and various kinds

of construction material, with an estimated value of 500 million yen. The
equipment is intended to aid in the repair of the road infrastructure of Maputo
Province, which had been seriously damaged by tropical depression "Domoina,"
which occurred in January 1984, and by the heavy rainfall during February 1985.
On Thursday, the gift was presented by the first. secretary of the Embassy of
Japan in our country, Mr, Shimidzy, and was received by thé’ director of the
Ministry of Construction and Water Road and Bridge Department, Luis Nuno Fernan-
des. The ceremony was attended by high-ranking officials from the Japanese
Embassy in Maputo, and a representative from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,

as well as by workers from the Road and Bridge Department. Speaking during

the ceremony to present the gift, Ambassador Shimidzy said that the donation was
an impetus for the development of Mozambique's highway routes and also a concrete
act expressing the friendship that exists between Japan and the RPM. The same
official added that the gift is associated with the cooperative relations
between the two countries, which were heightened by President Samora Machel's
visit to Japan in May of this year. Director Luis Nuno Fernandes, in turn, said
at one point in his remarks that the Mozambican people were grateful for the
gift. He said that he hoped that the cooperation between our two countries
would develop, for the: benefit of both peoples. The photo shows some of the
equipment donated. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 Jul 86 p 8] 2909

csO: 3442/280

60



GUINEA-BISSAU

EXECUTION OF OPPONENTS COST PRESIDENT VIEIRA NOBEL PRIZE
Lisbon 0 DIABO in Portuguese 29 Jul 86 p 17

[Article by Antonio Maria Zorro]

[Text] A future Nobel Peace Prize has been lost. It died "in embryo" with
the shots that killed 6 of the potential winner's 12 compatriots who had been
sentenced to death by the Military Court of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau. If
the execution of those prisoners had not raised a barrier against the torrent
of requests for leniency, Joao Bernardo Vieira, better known as "Nino," would
have seen his fame as a humanist consolidated, convinced all good democratic
souls of his neutralism, and wound up rewarded in the same way as Desmond
Tutu.

By sending six of his political opponents to face the firing squad, "Nino" has ©
automatically renounced the Nobel Peace Prize, which sooner or later would
have awaited him in nebulous Scandinavia. That is the only explanation for
the displeasure caused in the Nordic countries by news of the executions in
Bissau--the fact that the possibility of another Nobel prize winner from the
Third World has been lost. That is the only reason--not, as was said, because
the Nordic countries are particularly sensitive to the question of human
rights. If they really were, they would already have severed relations with
half the world; they would, at the very least, have stopped supporting regimes
for which human rights do not exist and have never existed.

That reaction by the Nordic countries--and by others which are not Nordic but
in which nonsense and hypocrisy also prevail--must have been quite puzzling to
the man who is still chairman of the Council of State of Guinea-Bissau.
"Nino" Vieira does in fact have reason to wonder at the fuss being made about
this case, especially when Amnesty International has just released its
figures on the number of death sentences carried out in a total of 44
countries during 1985: there were no fewer than 1,125 executions. Not
counting unofficial executions, obviously.

Illusions Destroyed

"Nino" is probably wondering why they are censuring him--why they are refusing
to receive his special envoys, why they are withdrawing aid to him, and why a

17



for the rehabilitation of the district's economic and social infrastructures,
in response to an appeal issued by the Mozambican Government.

For the water sector, it provided 1.6 million francs, equivalent to $800,000,
to train cadres.

Meanwhile, Norway, through its Agency for International Development, tripled its
aid to our country last year, increasing it from 51.924 to 170 million Norwegian

kroner.

Sweden has already invested over 720 million meticals in the INFLOMA (Manica
Forest Industries) project.

2909
CSO: 3442/278

34



MOZ)

2
if

MET QUE

BEIRA PORT REHABILITATION WORK TO END 1987

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 25 Jul 86 p 8

Ztext_ 7 The rehabilitation work at the port of Beira, scheduled to
be finished next year, will make it possible to maximize use of the
port, which will mean handling about 4 million tons of different types
of cargo annually, according to Engineer Mahomed Rashid Sulemane, one
of those responsible for the project.

To find out about the work in progress at the port of Beira, particu-
larly the rehabilitation of its infrastructures with the objective of
optimizing its operation and attaining the capacity for which it is
equipped, the reporters from NOTICIAS in Beira heard the head of the
port of Beira improvement brigade, Mahomed Rashid Suiemane, who had
the following to say on the subject during the recent conference on
the "Beira corridor": "In the first place, we have the so-called
Project Number 1, divided into various subprojects which go from the
building of highway accesses located in the eastern part of the port
area, making up approximately 30,000 square meters; rebuilding the
rough-stone pavement of docks 6 to 10, totalling nearly 35,000 square
meters; building the rainwater drainage system along and under the
highways, and paving and reinforcing dock 8, including building a
crowning and support beam longitudinally along the dock, strengthening
the transverse beams under the roadways over the docks and fastening
fenders on the pilings.

In this subproject contained in number 1 are also included installing
the pumping system and pipeline network for the fire-fighting system
and rebuilding the railway tracks on docks 6 to 10.

This project in its totality has been awarded to the CETA/Technical
Constructions association and the total cost of the work comes to
250,000 contos, 46 percent of which is in foreign exchange financed
by Holland. The undertaking was begun in April of last year and is
scheduled to last 21 months. The same source stated that the paving,
which is yet to be done, is of the solid block type on a base of
foundation soil and a sub-base made of selected and compacted soils.
It has a network of filters that allow for quick drainage of rain~
water, which always has a tendency to soak into soils, as weil as a
rapid lowering of the level of friability.

This type of paving constitutes a new construction technology to be
used for the first time in Mozambique. It is a type of pavement often

54



GUINEA-BISSAU

INCREASING REPRESSION BY VIEIRA REGIME EXPLORED
Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 1 Aug 86 p 23
[Article by Xavier de Lemos; first paragraph is TEMPO introduction]

[Text] Difficult living conditions in Guinea-Bissau, where food and energy
are in short supply, and discontent and dissension among the people, the
existence of which is irrefutably proven by the recent executions, make it
obvious that "Nino" Vieira's regime, which is being increasingly criticized
both inside and outside the country, must change course quickly.

Can it be that the nighttime vigil held at the residence of Guinea-Bissau's
ambassador in Lisbon a few days ago to protest the execution of six freedom
fighters in that country will meet with a response from the Council of State
and, especially, President Joao Bernardo Vieira? That is the question
presenting itself at this moment, as the chorus of protests that was raised
just about everywhere against the Bissau government's decision still rings in

our ears.

One thing is certain: Senegal and Portugal are currently the adopted homelands
of thousands of Guinea-Bissau nationals distressed by what is happening in

their country.

The fact is that there had never been emigration previously from Guinea-
Bissau. There were students in Portugal, but that was all. The current surge
of emigration from Guinea-Bissau is alarming. It means that repression and
the policy now being pursued there--to which these executions bear terrible
testimony--are disrupting the unity of Guinea-Bissau's people and creating
more and more potential enemies of "Nino" Vieira's regime.

One former fighter from Guinea-Bissau says bitterly: "We carried on a long
struggle for liberation. That period of warfare saw the promulgation of a law
on military justice which remained in effect through the early years of
independence. But this does not justify enforcement of that same law through
all these years of peace. The latest constitution to be presented to the
people of Guinea-Bissau-—-it was approved by the People's National Assembly,
incidentally--provided that cases of treason could be punished with the
maximum penalty provided by that law. The maximum penalty provided by the

20



SOUTH AFRICA

INA PERLMAN SAYS COUNTRY FACES 'ETHLOPIA-LIKE' SITUATION

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 19 Aug 86 p 9

[Article by Graham Spence]

[Text]

SOUTH Africa faces an “Ethio-
pia-type” catastrophe with more
than 142 million people starving,
say welfare workers.

And hundreds of thousands of chil-
dren, stunted mentally and physical-
ly from acute protein deficiency and
unlikely to ever be economically
productive, would form a significant
section of the next generation.

These facts have been released by
the national crisis aid organisation,
Operation Hunger.

And Mrs Ina Perlman, the execu-
tive director of the organisation,
painted a scary scenario of wide-
scale despair and starvation.

Welfare organisations are often
the only barriers left against mas-
sive starvation.

If they do collapse through rising
costs, entire peasant communities in
the most depressed areas of Kwa-
Zulu, KaNgwane and Lebowa could
starve to death,

Despite widespread relief
schemes, in some rural clinics up to
24 malnutrition cases are being
treated every day.

Welfare workers say one hospital
in Lebowa near Pietersburg aver-
ages 60 hunger-related deaths a
month. And it’s not only limited to
the rural districts — or to blacks.

Emergency feeding schemes are
also now being extended to white
urban areas.

On the West Rand, Operation Hun-
ger is supporting 300 starving white
families.

But Operation Hunger — the life-

87

line to almost a million people — is
extended to the hilt with barely
enough funds for three more months.

Urgent appeals from starving
communities are pouring daily, and
Officials believe the situation is going
to worsen.

“One has to see the desperation in
these areas to realise the stark hox-
ror of reality in this country,” said
Mrs Perlman.

“In the ‘best’ areas which we are
working, we are being asked for 50
percent increases in basic foodstuffs.
In our worst, it is 100 percent. The
situation is totally out of control.”

Operation Hunger had 957 000 des-
perate people on their books, and,
said Mrs Perlman, they should be
providing for another 50 600.

Other community feeding schemes
were providing for a further 600 000
people — which meant that more
than 1500000 South African and
homeland residents were almost to-
tally reliant on welfare.

Most of the victims were under the
age of 10, and many schemes, such
as the Red Cross which was particu-
larly active in KwaZulu, concentrat-
ed only on children.

i Mrs Perlman said that by the end
of March next year they would need
an extra R§,5 million to keep operat-
ing effectively.

But she said the situation might
not be as bleak as it appeared.

They had several fund raising
plans in the pipeline like a Gold Rush
competition, expected to boost their
coffers.



The course will be intended essentially for the workers in that production
unit but, according to statements made by Carlos Torres, it will be open to
workers from other enterprises.

The same source said that the course will start with nearly 30 persons, and
will be given in a combination of theoretical and practical lessons, lasting
nearly 2 months.

In this respect, Carlos Torres observed: "The experience has been quite good.
I mayself have directed courses in several enterprises. The purpose is to
train the workers on a level that will enable them to actually be familiar
with the area in which they are working. Obviously, the course will not
include subjects considered to be specifically those of generel education
because of regulations of various kinds. One could cite as. an.example the
fact that not all the workers even have a fourth grade education; something
which would impede our work to some extent."

2909
CSO: 3442/280

41



SOUTE AFRICA

PFP'S EGLIN DISCUSSES VARIOUS ISSUES

MB221005 London BBC World Service in English 0709 GMT 22 Aug 86

[From the "24 hours" program]

[Text] Later today, the South African parliament is to hold a full-scale debate
on the state of the nation--its first chance to do so since the emergency was
proclaimed in June. The main white opposition party, the Progressive Federal
Party or PFP, is calling on the Botha cabinet to resign, accusing it of ineffec~
tiveness at many levels, singling out the economy, the emergency, and the
stringent security laws. This debate comes at a time when the emergency laws
are coming in for rigorous and sometimes successful legal attack, but with

most white voters apparently backing President Botha and with the ruiing
National Party holding an enormous parliamentary majority, what is the point

of the opposition motion? Our special correspondent in Cape Town, Tim
Llewellyn, put that question to the leader of the PFP, Colin Eglin.

[Begin recording] [Eglin] Parliament adjourned 2 months ago and since then
there have been a whole range of traumatic events which are going to affect

the lives of all South Africans. It will be farcial for parliament to reassemble
and carry on with its normal business as though nothing had happened, and so,

the opposition has taken the initiative, we have managed to get the government

to agree to set time aside, and we are going to use this one afternoon's de~-
bate to review the situation, to highlight the issues that have taken place

and, from our point of view, both to expose the government in the field of
policy of management and to present our alternatives.

[Llewellyn] What is your reading of President Botha's federal congress last
week, his two speeches, and the general attitude of the National Party at the
moment?

[Eglin] When one read his earlier speeches, as you know, we interpreted it
too generously. We thought he was going to move much farther, but, as I see,
the character of his speech and the decisions of the congress, it is a return
to orthodox Nationalist Party thinking--no risks being taken, perhaps few
more reforms, changes in the social economic field, but when it comes to the
crunch issue and that is the issue of political rights and political power, it
is back to the old mode of nationalist thinking.

82



AID FROM MUSLIM GROUP--A few days ago, a gift consisting of 3,200. bags of wheat
and 4,740 packages containing rice, Korans, and clothing was delivered to the
Maometana Association in Nampula Province by the Africa Muslims Committee,

with headquarters in Kuwait, to aid. the neediest population in that part of

the country. The donation was delivered by that organization's representative
in Mozambique, Yahaia Ibraim Adam, who. traveled to that province for this
purpose. The distribution of the products will be made in cooperation with
the provincial government. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 12 Jul 86 p

3] 2909

NEW ADMINISTRATIVE HEADQUARTERS FOR LICHINGA--Since last 24 June, the
administrative headquarters of the district of Lichinga has been
located in the locality of Chimbonila, 25 km from the provincial
capital of Niassa. The new administrative site was inaugurated by
Mariano Matsinha, a member of the politburo of the Frelimo party

and leader of that province in the northern part of the country.
Previously, the Lichinga district's administration operated out of the
building of the executive council of the provincial capital of Niassa.
Speaking at the inauguration, Mariano Matsinha said that moving the
administrative offices to the locality of Chimbonila, from which the
party's district committee will operate, constitutes a step in the
district's development, since the party's board will be closer to

the people. This will make it easier to give needed support as well
as reinforce its actions for the region's economic and cultural
development. With its surface area of 4,807 sq km, the Lichinga
district has its inhabitants divided into three administrative posts,
namely Chimbonila, Meponda and Lione. Construction work on the new
building, where the administration of both the district and the party
committee operate, was begun in 1981, with the active participation
of the local population having played an important role. According
to information from our correspondent, the peeple of the locality of
Chimbonila are planning to build primary schools in the surrounding
area. These schools will benefit the children of all the area's
inhabitants. They also plan_to_build other infrastructures, based

on local resources. Z Text 7 Z Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 5 Jul
86 p 3_/ 9895

LABOR UNION TO BE FORMED--During a recent working visit to Niassa,
the secretary-general of the OTM, Augusto Macamo, announced that a
national agricultural labor union will be created soon. Speaking to
our reporters in Niassa, Augusto Macamo stressed the need for a great
effort toward revitalization, beginning this coming August, of the
structures that will lead to the creation of the national labor union
of the agricultural sector in Niassa, which will spread to the country's
other provinces under the same conditions. Several projects were
discussed, the most outstanding of which are new projects such as
those in textiles (clothing and shoes), construction, and the hotel
industry. There is cooperation with labor unions in Italy, the GDR,
the USSR, and Bulgaria, which are interested in training Mozambique
personnel in the fields of electricity, metal working, soldering,
metallomechanics, and design, said Augusto Macamo. Moments before
leaving Lichinga to return to Maputo, the secretary-general of the

59



[Llewellyn] If by some biazarre circumstances the PFP were magically put
into power tomorrow, what would be the basis of your program for setting
South Africa to rights?

[Eglin] Well, there are three [as heard] key areas. First is that all
statutory legislature of apartheid must go. The second one deals with the
issue of political power and the structures through which they are exercised.
We don't believe that this parliament or a white party can do this unilaterally.

[Llewellyn] And would that include members of the African National Congress?

[Eglin] We would hope that it would include members of the ANC. We believe
that Mr Mandela should be released so that he could participate. We believe
that organisations like the ANC, while we differ with them in many respects,
nevertheless represent an important body of black opinion in South Africa.
We think they should be unbanned and be invited to take part in the normal
processes of democracy in this country.

[Llewellyn] In the short term or immediate term, what is your own party
political strategy. You have gone from being one lone voice in the parliament
to 26 members now. You are the official opposition. What is the next stage
for the PFP?

[Eglin] We believe that whether the Nationalists like it or not, the South
African Government is not going to uniracial for many years to come. So,

we set our sights 5 years down the track as being an integral part of a non~
racial democratic government in South Africa. Now, in order to achieve that,
the first thing is to get some immediate electoral support amongst white voters
and we believe that by growing sufficiently, by the time the next election takes
place, the new, growing, and stronger Progressive Federal Party can act as a
catalyst which will help. to bring about the breaking up of the Nationalist
Party as it exists today, but at the same time, it would be quite futile of

us to try to gain white votes at the risk of losing credibility amongst

blacks. In due course, credibility and support amongst blacks is going to be
as important if not more important as credibility and support amongst whites.
[end recording]

/9716
CSO: 3400/468

83



The effect that the recent executions will have on cooperation is still to be
ascertained.

Meanwhile, the Gulbenkian Foundation has announced suspension "sine die" of
its cooperation with Guinea-Bissau. That cooperation was concerned with the
fields of health and education.

The attitude that will be adopted by Portugal--the cornerstone of Guinea-
Bissau's cooperation--is unknown. Lisbon helps Guinea-Bissau in such areas as
economics, fisheries, and education.

In that sector, the way in which Bissau treats Portuguese cooperant teachers
is truly scandalous, but the successive governments in Lisbon have not reacted
firmly to the annual deterioration in the reception they get. Poorly paid by
both parties, poorly received, and often lacking even minimum working
conditions, the cooperant teachers are the chief victims of the disorganized
state of cooperation between Portugal and Guinea-Bissau.

If the Western trend toward a reduction in aid~-for the various reasons cited
above--continues (and the Arab banks are beginning to adopt the same
attitude), Bissau will have to solve this problem: although it wants Western
aid, it will be forced to turn to Havana and Moscow.

Apparently at no cost to Guinea-Bissau, "cooperants" from Cuba are arriving to
work in the fields of health, agriculture, and security.

The USSR is sending health experts, instructors for the party, military and
security advisers, light weapons, and fishing boats to work in Guinea-Bissau's
territorial waters. An agreement has also been reached to supply Bissau with
an electric powerplant and fuel. But an idea of the price of Soviet aid can
be gotten simply by recalling that in an agreement recently signed with
Bissau, the EEC offered to pay 10 times as much as the USSR to get fishing
licenses issued to the Community's shipowners and boats.

The Sovietization of Nino Vieira's regime is evident in the information
policy, in the Armed Forces and the security forces, and in the organization
of what remains of the party.

There is no information in Bissau: the political police interfere directly in
radio broadcasts, as happened during the Paulo Correia affair, when they
ordered that the interrogations of some of the prisoners be broadcast.

The role and attitudes of Soviet advisers to Guinea-Bissau's Armed Forces and
security forces in connection with both the coup d'etat that overthrew Luis
Cabral and the previously mentioned subversive plot attributed to Paulo
Correia remain to be ascertained. What is certain is that in both cases, the
Soviets remained on the side of the winners-~as their advisers.

28



ANGOLA

NAVY COMMANDER DISCUSSES MGPA'S SUCCESSES
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 10 Jul 86 p 3

[Report on interview with Lieutenant Colonel Antonio Jose Condesse de
Carvalho, commanding officer of the People's Navy of Angola, by 0. Goncalves

and E. Silva]

[Excerpts] The commanding officer of the People's Navy of Angola [MGPA],
Lieutenant Colonel Antonio Jose Condesse de Carvalho "Toca," who is a member
of the Party Central Committee, said yesterday that "one of our greatest
successes has been in the field of personnel training, not only culturally but
also from the technical-military and politicoideological standpoints."

Discussing the establishment of the MCPA, Lt Col "Toca" said that the first
steps toward training that branch of the service were taken even before our
independence, when a group of fighters was sent to the Soviet Union in 1970
for 3 years of naval study, the objective being to supply materiel and weapons
to the guerrilla fighters, chiefly those in the Ist Politicomilitary Region,
who were isolated and surrounded by the colonial army.

The situation at that time was very bad, however, because of the lack of
weapons and equipment and poor mastery of the various naval specialties. We
therefore had to start from scratch in 1975. The commanding officer of the
MGPA continued: "But by 1976, our Navy was already supporting our Army by
transporting and unloading troops and war materiel on the country's northern
coast during the operations for driving the UPA [Union of Angolan Peoples]-
FNLA forces, mercenaries, and other forces from the north out of the country."

Lt Col "Toca" said: "Today we have bases all along our coast, we have the MGPA
Command and General Staff organized, and, despite a few limitations that are
chiefly objective in nature, this branch of the Armed Forces has been
fulfilling its role reasonably well."

The MGPA has also made progress in the disciplinary area, "thanks to an entire
range of broad activities aimed at politicoideological and military education
that we have been administering throughout these 10 years," said the
commanding officer of the Navy, who asserted: "Our men are disciplined."



AGRICOM Encouraging Producers

Concurrently with the support.that AGRICOM has given in the marketing process,
this enterprise is also intervening in production, supplying the shops of those
participating, as well as the enterprise's stations set up on sites where
there are now dealers, with farm production tools and items for ordinary use.

According to our source, in the various rural establishments taking part in
the process of collecting the surpluses, there are for sale food products,
dishes, various types of clothing, and also miscellaneous notions.

Our source added: "As a result of this effort, the involvement of the producers
from all agricultural sectors concerned with supplying surpluses for the
marketing, in exchange for certain of the aforementioned products, is evident."

2909
CSO: 3442/278

43



"This necessarily means that with the drop in a number of imports, we will
have to experience a few difficulties," he pointed out, and he emphasized that
"we must not rely solely on imported products.

"Cunene Province is well known for its abundant resources in livestock and
also in agriculture. Despite the criminal actions that the South African
racists have been carrying out against the inhabitants of this province, we
have noted the militant good will of the inhabitants of this province in their
commitment to production."

In that connection, he urged the inhabitants of Cunene Province to take better
care of their cattle, goats, and pigs so as to increase the production of meat
and milk and to place in operation the sausage-producing units that exist in
the province.

He also drew the attention of the inhabitants to the need to increase their
production of feed sorghum, "massanga," corn, and potatoes for the market in
order to meet the needs of the province and the country.

The current international political situation, especially in southern Africa,
also occupied an important place in the speech by the Party Central
Committee's secretary for administration and finance. He emphasized that in
order to unleash the policy of state terrorism controlled by international
imperialism's most reactionary circles, the South African racist regime was
aiming at a fresh outbreak of the direct military operations carried out
against Angola by racist South Africa and at the supplying of support in many
forms to UNITA's puppet gangs.

"The political and diplomatic pressures of all kinds that are reflected in the
futile attempt to promote the image of the renegade Savimbi so as to include
his puppet group in the solution to southern Africa's problems are also among
the maneuvers being used by international imperialism," said the member of the
Party Central Committee.

During the rally, the Party Central Committee's secretary for administration
and finance introduced the party's Cunene Provincial Committee, which had been
elected shortly before at the Third Party Provincial Conference. The party's
provincial leadership for Cunene Province will guide the province until the
fourth conference, It has 31 members and is headed by Pedro Mutinde, member
of the Party Central Committee.

11798
CSO: 3442/286



MOZAMBIQUE

RURAL EXTENSION PROGRAM BENEFITS 1,190
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 10 Jul 86 p 8

[Text] Over 1,190 peasants from the city of Beira's green belt in Sofala have
already benefited from agricultural technical assistance provided through the
specialists in the rural extension project financed by MONAP [Scandinavian
assistance organization].

According to Eros Mussoi, a technician associated with the project, one of the
palpable results of this assistance has been the high rate of profitability
achieved by the peasants in the Macurungo area, achieving 3.5 tons of rice on
a quarter of a hectare, the area usually given to every family group.

The technical agricultural assistance rendered by those technicians directly
to the family sector in the green zones of the provincial capital of Sofala
ranges from the introduction of new techniques to the total utilization of
arable land.

According to technician Eros Mussoi, both the introduction of new techniques
and the total utilization of land are aimed essentially at raising the produc-
tion of rice and green vegetables in the city of Beira.

According to our source, during this phase the peasants are involved in produc-
ing green vegetables and sweet potatoes, since conditions do not yet exist for
the introduction of biannual rice production.

Production Rate Increased

As a result of this assistance, the rice production rate was raised substantial-
ly in certain areas of the city's green belt.

The aforementioned technician emphasized: "In the Macurungo area alone, there
were families which produced volumes ranging between 3 and 3.5 tons of rice,
on plots measuring a quarter of a hectare, the area that we usually assign to
each family group.”

He added that the production levels attained during this campaign are considered
to be the highest ever.

37



ETHIOPIA

EPLF APPEALS FOR AID TO FIGHT LOCUST THREAT

EA161235 (Clandestine) Voice of the Broad Masses of Eritrea in Tigrinya
0400 GMT 16 Aug 86

[Excerpt] The EPLF has called on all concerned international organizations to
cooperate in fighting the lecust threat in Eritrea, a situation that also
poses a threat to the whole region. In its call, made on 13th August, the
EPLF stated that large numbers of locusts were breeding in various parts of
Eritrea, particularly along the Red Sea coast. It said it would permit inter-
national organizations to carry out aerial spraying and other steps in Eritrea
to destroy the locusts threatening central, eastern, and the Horn of Africa,
and appealed to them to apply these measures immediately. It warned that the
locust threat, coming in the wake of years of persistent drought, could wreak
havoc on all crops.

The EPLF said the authorities concerned, particularly the Addis Ababa govern-
ment, had ignored the locust threat facing Eritrea. It said the Ethiopian
Government had taken no steps to eliminate the danger. It recalled that thou-
sands had starved to death because the Dergue government had rejected the
EPLF's cease~fire offer toward the end of 1984 during a period of similar prob-
lems, a cease-fire called to allow aid to reach the drought victims.

The EPLF stated that for its part it was taking steps in cooperation with

the Eritrean relief agency, such as spraying and other measures using vehicles
and men on foot. Even though it is using effective chemicals, the methods
employed and the finances at its disposal were very limited in relations to the
immensity of the problem, and were therefore inadequate. It called on concerned
organizations to take the necessary steps immediately.

/9716
CSO: 5400/170

16



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

OFFICERS SCHOOL CELEBRATES ANNIVERSARY--Huambo--The 10th anniversary of the
Nicolau Gomes Spencer Officers School was celebrated at the school facilities
the day before yesterday during a ceremony presided over by Lieutenant Colonel
Marques Monakapui "Bassovava," member of the Central Committee of the MPLA-
Labor Party and chairman of the Military Council of the 4th Politicomilitary
Region. During the ceremony, the chairman of the 4th Politicomilitary Region
praised the role of personnel training in the Armed Forces, emphasizing that
"officers trained here have been proving the value of the knowledge acquired
here by their military actions, which can be summed up as the aiming of blows
at the puppets in the pay of Pretoria and at the South African racists
themselves." The ceremony was attended by Antonio Manuel Fernandes "Maiombe,"
deputy provincial commissioner for defense, and Major Chikanha, the region's
politicomilitary commissioner. The OMA [Organization of Angolan Women], the
OPA [Organization of Angolan Pioneers], and the JMPLA [Youth of the Popular
Movement for the Liberation of Angola]-Party Youth sent messages expressing
their desire to struggle alongside our FAPLA fighters to eliminate the dregs
of the Angolan nation, the puppet gangs in the pay of Pretoria. [Text]
[Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 10 Jul 86 p 3] 11798

FAPLA POLITICAL SEMINAR--FAPLA's first political seminar in Huambo began
yesterday in the conference room of the 4th Politicomilitary Region. The
opening ceremony was presided over by Captain Gugu as the representative of
Major Tchicanha, political commissioner of that military region. The purpose
of the seminar, which will be devoted to the motto "under the guidance of the
MPLA-Labor Party, let us strengthen defense, vigilance, organization, and
discipline in 1986," is to provide its participants with political knowledge
and strengthen organization within the Armed Forces with a view to winning
more and more victories over imperialism and its lackeys and defending the
sovereignty and territorial integrity of the RPA [People's Republic of
Angola]. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 10 Jul 86 p 3] 11798

a1



Rural Development Project for Poor Underway in Ciskei
(Kin Bentley; WEEKEND POST, 9 Aug 86)..... ns

Exploratory Drilling for Oii at Colchester Announced
(Denise Boutall; EVENING POST, 12 Aug 86)...........eeeeeeee

Southern Cape Districts in Grip of Drought
(Mark Stansfield; THE WEEKEND ARGUS, 9 Aug 86).........0500-

96

97

98



NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

VICTORY FOR FREEDOM SUMMIT--SWAPO has described the convening of the eighth
summit of the Nonaligned Movement in Harare as a victory for the forces of
liberation and democracy throughout the world. A SWAPO official, comrade
Theio-Ben, Gurirab noted that the international community is prepared to
stand shoulder to shoulder with the Frontline States and the liberation move-
ments to end South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia and to end apartheid
in racist South Africa. In an interview with the HERALD yesterday, he said
SWAPO expects the summit to emerge with a program of action to consolidate
and direct the international campaign to impose economic sanctions against
South Africa. Comrade Gurirab, head of the international department of SWAPO
urged nonmember states to increase their material and moral assistance to the
liberation forces armed struggle against Pretoria and Zionism. [Text]
[Harare Domestic Service in English 0400 GMT 28 Aug 86 MB]

/9716
CSO: 3400/457

66



first law on military justice was the death pensity, but it is indisputable
that that aspect of the matter was to be reviewed at the first opportunity.
All the same, I do not feel that the fact that a group of fighters--a group of
citizens--holds an opinion contrary to that held by the government makes it a
group of traitors."

Guinea-Bissau is currently experiencing gloomy times, with various kinds of
difficulties ranging from food supplies to energy and from health to
education. It is depending more and more on foreign aid, and since it lacks
the strength to find means enabling it to establish international cooperation
agreements valid to both parties, it is being placed almost in the position of
a beggar.

According to the thinking of Amilcar Cabral, cooperation must be a valid thing
for both parties. If it is not, it becomes charity, and charity never made

anyone happy.

In the meantime, a group of six fighters has been condemned to death following
the death in prison, under "very mysterious" circumstances, of six other
individuals, all of whom were liberation fighters. Other fighters have
disappeared, and their families do not know where they are. A large number of
people have been given prison terms, while there is another group which has
been sent to Carache Island without trial.

All of this has surprised international public opinion, and we feel that it
explains what makes President "Nino" Vieira run and what his fears are.

It seems, then, that the men behind the coup d'etat in 1980, who were not
joined until later by Paulo Correia and a few other military men, are still
trying 6 years later to justify the act that deposed Luis Cabral.

And in attempting that justification, perhaps they have not felt a concern--or
have relegated it to the background--to solve the problems with which the
country is struggling. Those problems include matters related to the supply
even of basic food items, the problem of living up to responsibilities assumed
on the international level, and the total absence of an effective state, with
the resulting creation of a growing number of opponents to the regime whose
opposition is due to their feeling that the country is deviating from the
lines of force established by Amilcar Cabral and later instituted through the
constitution.

We are therefore witnessing great discontent among the people of Guinea—
Bissau. That discontent is reflected in the desperate actions which have
characterized the Guinea-Bissau Government's conduct in recent times and which
have culminated in the execution of such illustrious citizens as Paulo
Correia, Viriato Pa, Pedro Ramos~-who was a member of the Armed Forces General
Staff and the government itself--and Branda Bandora, the courageous commander
on the northern front who later became governor of Bafata.

Guinea-Bissau is a young country that achieved independence very recently and
one with few known resources, but it started out well, judging from the



With regard to this issue, he claimed that the imperialists have no right to
decide on what is happening. in Angola, and that "the Angolan people have a
single response to such provocation: we are sovereign in our right to choose
our friends, we are sovereign in our right to make decisions concerning our
enemies," concluding that "only the Angolan people and no one else" can decide
on the presence of Cuban internationalists on our territory.

He stressed in particular that, "So long as the occupation of Namibia continues,
so long as 'apartheid' is not abolished, the internationalist forces will remain
in Angola to help consolidate our independence and to preserve the dignity of
independent Africa;" and also "so that Africa will not become an immense tribal
homeland, subjected to neocolonialism and in the orbit of Pretoria's racist
regime."

The 26 July politico-cultural ceremony was attended by members of the party's
Central Committee, including Bornito de Sousa and Irene Neto, the charge
d'affaires of the Cuban Embassy in Angola, Roberto Cruz, as well as the vice
president of LAASP, Joao Ailonda.

Also in attendance were members of our country's government, representatives
from the JMPLA-Party Youth and the mass organizations, as well as representatives
from the diplomatic corps accredited to Angola.

Another speaker at the event was the Cuban Embassy's charge d'affaires, Roberto
Cruz, who gave a brief account of the Cuban people's struggle for liberation,
stressing the figure of Cuba's national hero, Jose Marti, as well as the
fighting spirit of the centennial generation, the name given to the group led
by Fidel Castro which attacked Moncada Barracks during the year marking the
100th anniversary of that patriotic fighter's birth.

Concerning the importance of Moncada, Roberto Cruz said that, without that
historic act, there would have been no "Granma," nor liberation struggle,
much less the liberation achieved in 1959.

The second part of the ceremony was marked by a cultural-musical performance
in which both Angolan and Cuban artists participated, performing works from
their repertory.

2909
CSO: 3442/298



on other countries is growing more and more pronounced, and this
why cooperation by the United States and the World Bank (Guinea-
chief economic partner) is being granted only with conditions
attached. To mention only two examples, we note that the United States is
going to open a line of credit in Bissau for private farmers. That facility
will benefit the businessmen owning the richest and most fertile land in the

country (the so-called "peaks").

In addition, the World Bank and the IMF both recommended to Guinea-Bissau in
reports prepared this year that private banks be allowed to open and that
trade and transportation be completely privatized.

The People's Warehouses are not operating, and all the historical political
weight brought forward from the war years by that commercial structure, which
first appeared in the "zones liberated by the PAIGC," has been lost.

Encirclement by French Speakers

But the reorganization of trade, to which the EEC is contributing, will mean a
minimum investment of $30 million, without which the current situation of a
complete breakdown in supplies for the public will continue.

In some sectors, 40 percent of the economic problems would be solved if
Guinea-Bissau joined the CFA franc monetary zone. Senegal, Mali, and Guinea
already belong to that zone, and from all indications, Guinea-Bissau will not
be able to resist its economic encirclement by French speakers much longer.

Minister of Planning Bertolomee Simoes and presidential adviser Vasco Cabral
are both firmly opposed to Bissau's entry into the CFA franc zone. They are
the chief advocates of the establishment of an escudo zone. But an escudo
zone is made impossible by the technical difficulties it presents and by
Portugal's financial inability to promote such a step.

But Guinea-Bissau's inhabitants and merchants need a convertible currency
enabling them to obtain the products needed for their existence or activity.

Today, most of the big agricultural producers sell their products not in
Guinea-Bissau but in the neighboring countries (Senegal and Guinea), where
they can obtain the goods not available in their own country. Smuggling
across the border is increasing, and only a normalization of the domestic
market will be able to reduce or eliminate it.

Guinea-Bissau therefore needs cooperation in every area from fishing to
education to heaith on penalty of being unable to overcome its present stage
of underdevelopment, which places it among the world's 38 poorest countries.
To attract foreign investment, the Guinea-Bissau Government has drawn up new
laws--specifically, a new foreign investment code, a new fisheries law, and a
new law on the exploitation of mineral resources.

‘

26



SOUTH AFRICA

SATS ACCUSED OF TARIFF WAR ON FRONTLINE STATES
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 13 Aug 86 p 9

[Text]

The iron grip of the South African Transport Services (SATS) on
South Africa’s neighbours has come under fire with accusations of a
“tariff war” against Maputo. =~ .

The SATS is also accused of being part of Pretoria’s policy of
making the Frontline states even more dependent on South Africa’s
ports. . .
In Johannesburg an African affairs expert accused the SATS of |
“being told by Pretoria” how it should operate its transport network :
“to the North”. t

The SATS’s Chief Director Commercial Mr Koos Meyer yesterday :
hotly denied these accusations. “We even go so far as to supply
Maputo with the name, telex and telephone number of any firm, be
it in Zaire or Zambia or Malawi, we sign a contract with, as well as
the special tariff charged.”

A senior research officer at the South African Institute of Inter-
national Affairs, Mr Bryan Bench, however, says the SATS is
waging what could be called a “tariff war” against Maputo. :

He is backed by Mr Francisco Diniz, director of Maputo harbour,
who accuses South Africa of “commercial aggression” against Mo;
zambique. According to Mr Diniz the SATS’s lower tariffs are poli-
tically motivated and also harm the port of Beira. ;

The example of coffee exports is cited. Mr Diniz says the SATS's
tariffs make it cheaper to ship a container of coffee from Mutare to
Durban, nearly 2 000 km away, than to send it 300 km to Beira. :

/13046
Cs: 3400/461

95



/13046

Also, the Ara
agency US Aid tad of
3 Fe

ba
would ease — if only temporarily
— the current
Obviously sanctions would have a
big effect on hungry communities
— and, ominously, also the welfare
organisations assisting them.

Another problem, said Mrs Perl-
man, was the rapid mechanisation of
agriculture which had massively cut
back seasonal labour schemes — the
lifeblood of many black susbsistence
communities.

Operation Hunger was firstly a
self-helf organisation and not only
a crisis feeding scheme.

Looking at famine problems else-
where in Africa where food dona-
tions alone were at best a short-term
solution, much of their funds were
ploughed back into providing agri-
cultural equipment and technical
know-how.

The emphasis was on self-suffi-
ciency with Operation Hunger offi-
cials working both in advisory roles
and side-by-side with needy com-
munities.

However, the establishment of
community self-help schemes was
costing the organisation R100 600 a
month, and with funds drying up rap-
idly, officials said they needed a fur-
ther R2 million to complete their
present projects.

at 6c a por-
ey, seid Mrs

They ¢ ted of a cup of high-
protein soup and mealie-meal. Milk
powder, once the staple subsistence
diet, was now too ex
But the most ala’
all were the long-t:
psychological effects. As most of the
victims were young children in criti-
cal stages of development, the situa-
tion was particularly isconcerting.
“Children are a coustry’s wealth,”
said Mrs Perlman. “Yet we have
on our doorstep hundreds of thou-
sands that will be irreparably stunt-
ed through malnutrition. In an eco-
nomic sense, they will be misfits,
suitable only for menio! tasks that
are now being rapidly mec! anised.”
However, Operation Hunger had
been most. heartened by the “touch-
ing” response they had had, said Mrs
Perlman.
“We've had é

actions from people
out of werk, saying although they are
in dire straits, there are others worse
off than they are. South Africans are
realising what hardship is ail about.”

But this was nc! true of the com-
mercial and industrial sectors,
where donations had been dwindling
alarmingly.

“My biggest nightraare is if it ever
comes to the stage where we have to
say to these desperate people, we
can’t help them anymore.

“To have raised their hopes, and
then bring them crashing down is the
worst thing that can be done to
them.”

cso: 3400/460

88



ANGOLA

SONANGOL TERMINAL PROJECTS IN LOBITO CONTINUE

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 25 Jul 86 p 3

[Text] Lobito--The construction work on the SONANGOL [National Angolan Fuel
Company] "stocking" terminal that is being built in Lobito by the Italian

firm, CBIB, is progressing at an accelerated pace, and its termination is
anticipated during the second quarter of 1987, as ANGOP was told by an authorized
source.

The project, valued at nearly $40 million (1 dollar is equivalent to about 30
kwanzas), will include during its first phase 15 storage tanks with a capacity
to store 52,500 cubic meters of fuel and lubricants.

Meanwhile, the Italian company, CBIB, contracted with two subcontractors which
are also Italian: ASTALDI, to execute the civil construction work, and IENFA,

for the mechanical part, painting, and instrumentation.

The Italian technicians, together with the Angolan workers, have not spared any
efforts to complete the project within the anticipated time.

It should. be noted that the provincial commissar of Benguela, Maj Joao Lourenco,
recently visited the project, where he was given an explanation from its offi-
cials, who guaranteed that the enterprise would be turned over to the Angolan
authorities during the second quarter of 1987.

2909
CSO: 3442/293



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

EMPLOYEES OPPOSE LEGISLATION--The South African Municipal Employees' Associa-
tion has protested strongly in Pretoria against legislation which goes against
the principles of free competition and which restricts trade union rights.
The association has unanimously accepted a proposal that it will fight for
its right to compete, and will not allow certain departments to interfere in
its affairs. The president of the association, Mr Attie Niewoudt, says that
since 1983 new legislation has been introduced which affects labor relations
and lays down regulations restricting members' rights. The legislation is
the payment of Town Clerks’ Act and the Dismantling of Development Boards Act.
Mr Niewoudt said discussions will be held with the minister concerned for the
removal of these restrictions. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in
English 0500 GMT 27 Aug 86 MB]

INDIAN RENT CONTROL BOARD REINSTATEMENT--Cape Town Aug 24 SAPA--A slip up in
rent control in Indian areas is being rectified by. the House of Delegates

"as a matter of urgency." The minister of housing, local government and
agriculture, Mr Baldeo Dookie, said today in a statement released in Cape Town
that there was "unfortunately a certain amount of confusion" in rent control
in Indian areas. This had come about as the administration of the Rent Con-
trol Act in respect of whites had been assigned to the administration of the
House of Assembly. Rent control for Indians and coloureds, however, remained
a "general affair" under the control of the Department of Public Works and
Land Affairs. "The former administration changed its areas of rent control
boards which resulted in the demise of rent poards in respect of Indians and
coloured. "This is now receiving the urgent attention of the Department of
Public Works and Land Affairs and it is expected that the department will pro-
claim new rent boards, and new areas for Indians and coloureds within the next
two weeks,” he said.

/9716
cso: 3400/468

94



NAMIBIA

NO PROGRESS SEEN IN ATTEMPTS TO DRAW UP CONSTITUTION
Windhoek THE NAMIBIAN in English 15 Aug 86 p 9

{Article in Political Perspective column by Gwen Lister]

[Text] THE CONFUSION in the ranks of the interim government

concerning the writing of an ‘independence constitution’ for
Namibia, has now been further exacerbated by the withdrawal
of the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) from. the Select
Committee on National Unity, which, since it could not over-
come a state of deadlock on a replacement for the ‘ethnic’ Pro-
clamation AG 8, appears to be defunct in any case.

Yet for the purposes of the Chairman of the interim government-
appointed ‘Constitutional Council’, Judge Victor Hiemstra, the situa-
tion has in all probability besn simplified.

Whereas formerly the drawing up of an ‘independence constitu-
tion’ was hamperéd by the fact that delegates on the ‘Constitutional
Council’ had ne mandate to take decisions on behalf of their respec-
tive parties, the leaders of the various parties will now themselves be
present in discussions. ,

‘This development, according to Judge Hiemstra, would simplify
his task of drawing up what the interim government obviously hopes
will be a ‘consensus constitution’ by the deadline of July 1987.

RECOMMENDATIONS OF CONSTITUTIONAL EXPERTS‘

A MEMORANDUM, described by Judge Hiemstra as a ‘basis for
discussion’, was drawn up by the panel of constitutional ‘experts’
following the rejection (in this instance, by the DTA) of a previous
report on a replacement for AG 8.

Because neither the contents of the ‘rejected’ report, nor the subse-
quent memorandum, are known to the public (despite promises that
they would be kept informed fully of developments in the writing of
an ‘independence constitution’) there'is some confusion regarding

jevelopments. .

HIEMSTRA STILL WANTS ‘BROADER BASE’

WHEN ASKED ihis week, Judge Hiemstra said he was still ‘in prin-
cipie’ in favour of the base’ of the ‘Constitutional Coun-
cil’, namely, to bring in parties who are not represented in the in-
terim government.

62



will rise from 1,675 million dobras in 1986 to 2,126 million dobras in 1990,
reflecting growth rates of 24 percent in 1987, 10 percent in 1988, 7 percent
in 1989, and 4.6 percent in 1990.

Despite that favorable picture, Sao Tome and Principe's balance of payments
will continue to show a large deficit, not only in the area of goods and
services but also overall.

The deficit balance in goods and services will worsen in 1986 (-1,470 million
dobras) because of the start of the investment program, but it will then
decline and reach 644 million dobras in 1990 as a result of exports and the
substitution provided by the investment program.

Service of the foreign debt is to range from $8,613 million in 1986 to $6,219
million in 1990, reflecting a ratio of debt service to export earnings of 66
percent in 1986 and 33 percent in 1990.

As a result, the overall deficit in the balance of payments should total 924
million dobras in 1990, of which 644 million dobras will be attributable to
goods and services and 280 million dobras will be due to debt service.

To ensure that this development plan does not turn out like the previous one,
which was only one-third fulfilled because, among other things, there was
inadequate analysis of the market and of investment choices as well as a lack
of coordination among technical departments, planning organizations, and
domestic and foreign financial organizations, Sao Tomean authorities decided
to establish a Ministry of Cooperation.

Its main task is to actively negotiate all foreign cooperation that goes
beyond purely diplomatic relations. The objective of the ministry, which has
two main directorates--one for bilateral cooperation and the other for
multilateral cooperation--is therefore to establish dialogue with all partners
for the purpose of increasing the volume of transfers while simultaneously
improving their quality and effectiveness.

11798
CSO: 3442/283

68



BOTSWANA

COMMENTARY DEFENDS PRINCIPLED, PRAGMATIC FOREIGN POLICY
MB221723 Gaborone Domestic Service in English 1110 GMT 22 Aug 86
[Station commentary]

[Text] On Namibia, the government of Botswana sees the need to restate
the philosophy behind its time-honored foreign policy.

A dignified policy must be rooted in an unshakeable national philosophy.
One of the most important tenets of our foreign policy is principle

as opposed to expediency. What this means is that we do not react to
issues on the basis of sheer emotion or empty populist tendencies. That
can be dangerous.

Our reactions to international issues must be seen to be consistent with
the fundamental aspects of our foreign policy and not contradict it.

Our foreign policy can in many respects, therefore, be predictable,
although it still has the capacity to be dynamic.

The government does not condemn those who have chosen to follow foreign
policies different from ours, neither does it expect them to condemn us
for scrupulously following our own policies. Despite this lucid justifica-
tion for our foreign policy, there are still many people, organisations
and governments who are mystified and perplexed by our foreign policy.

For instance, our decision on the Commonwealth games and on the issue of
sanctions has caused mild hysteria in some quarters, both within and
outside Botswana. Some sections of the private press in Botswana have
joined hands with some political sloganists in labelling the country one
way or the other as neutral, unsympathetic, ambiguous, timid, and contra-
dictory in its stand on these issues.

As an open democracy, this government accepts constructive criticism, but
criticism based on selfishness and the fulfillment of narrow political

interest, which does not take into account the general well-being of this
nation, must be dismissed with the contempt it deserves.

13



SOUTH AFRICA

RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FOR POOR UNDERWAY IN CISKEL
Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST in English 9 Aug 86 p 3

{Article by Kin Bentley]

[Text]

WHEN it comes to social
responsibility there is one
Uitenhage company that
puts its money — and its
drawing boards, scaffold-
ing, spirit levels, trowels
and any other building es-
sentials — where its mouth
is.

Five weeks ago 10 staff
members from Borg-
Warner were taken off the
production line and started
building a house at the com-
pany’s premises in the
Uitenhage industrial area.

When they complete the
four-roomed building in
two weeks’ time they will

have enough skills to tackle .

the real thing —- their own
houses in Kwanobuhle.

In an interview this week
the personnel manager, Mr
Etienne Schutte, said the 10
men were on full pay while
they built the house at the
company’s premises under

the supervision of a train- ,

ing officer from Emthon-

ieni In-service Training |

Centre in Port Elizabeth.

In the process they would
acquire all the necessary
masonry and carpentry
skills to build their own
homes. .

The training scheme was
the company’s way of try-
ing to relieve the chronic
housing shortage faced by
its staff. There had been an
enthusiastic response from

/13046
cso: 3400/461

staff members and it was
expected that, once the first
houses had been completed,
more and more of the 500-
‘strong staff would want to
get involved.

Temporary staff had
been hired to take the place
of the. workers on the line
for the duration of the sev-
en-week training course.
‘The company provided all
the tools and materials and
also paid for the instructor
from Emthonjeni.

The 10 workers had
bought adjoining plots in
Kwanobuhle and the com-
pany would provide them
with materials to build
their houses. Once complet-
ed the owners would bond
their houses with a building
society.

Mr Schutte said the
workers had decided to call
their area in Kwanobuhle
Extension 4 “Borgville”.

‘The first group of work-

ers had decided they would"

build their houses as a team
in their free time over
weekends. The company’s
own mason-carpenter and
the Emthonjeni instructor
would check that the work
was up to standard.

‘The workers had a choice
of four house types ranging
in size from a 56-square-
metre, two-bedroomed
house costing R6952 to a

96

91-square-metre, three-
bedroomed costing R8 895.
The houses had been de-
signed by a company
draughtsman.

If the houses were built
by contractors they would
probably cost twice as’
much as self-built houses.
In addition, people who had
built their own homes tend-
ed to take enormous pride
in them.

The only part of the
houses that would not be
built on site was a precast
concrete corner column.

The instructor, Mr
George Holtman, of Emth-
onjeni, said the use of the
column reduced the con-
struction of the corners
from days of painstaking
work with a level, to a sin-
gle hour for all the corners.

He said the men he had
been training were very,
keen on the work and he
was confident that they

. would be able to build their

own homes. “They've done
very well for people who
knew nothing about build-
ing, not even how to hold a
trowel, five weeks ago.”

‘The second group was al-
ready charping at the bit
to start their training. The
house at the Borg-Warner
factory which is the small-
est of the four types will be
furnished and used as a.
show house. .


bishop is predicting that he will suffer the same fate as Paulo Correia and
the others who were executed--when there is silence concerning the executions
in Angola and Mozambique and the death sentences meted out in the Soviet Union
and China for economic crimes, in Iran to punish adultery, or in Iraq to
repress the falsification of passports. But "Nino" may find it easier to
understand the reaction he has unleashed if he keeps two things in mind.

In the first place, the illusions concerning him and his regime that were
created in Portugal and other countries, but above all in Portugal, have
dissipated because of relationships that have continued.

It was easy to believe that "Nino" was innocent of the slaughter engaged in by
his predecessor when he was commander in chief of the Armed Forces, prime
minister, and the regime's "number two" man. It was easy to feel that "Nino"
was governing his country in accordance with the promises of justice,
progress, and honesty that he had made after taking power, and it was easy to
imagine that "Nino" had the general support of the various ethnic groups and,
moreover, that he could operate free of secret pressure.

The successive cabinet purges carried out by "Nino" on the pretext of plots
against state security, the case of Saude Maria, the worsening economic
deterioration, the increase in corruption, the influence of the Sovietized
Tafai Camara, and the significant continued presence of Communist Vasco Cabral
(of the Portuguese CP) in a key spot on the PAIGC Central Committee (even
though he was denounced as a conspirator and held under arrest for a few
days)~-all of that should have been duly assessed. But since this was not
done when it should have been, the myth of the humanist "Nino" was allowed to
grow until now, when it has been shattered by a firing squad's bullets. The
anti-"Nino" reaction is, first of all, the reaction by someone who has lost a
myth in which it was pleasant to believe.

Unknown Factor

In the second place, "Nino" committed the political error of forgiving his
predecessor Luis Cabral, sparing his life, and letting him go free. But Luis
Cabral and his friends did not forgive "Nino." The process of the "October
conspiracy" gave them an excellent opportunity to create an uproar.

Comfortably settled in Portugal, the former president of Guinea-Bissau is
trying to collect every possible dividend from the execution of Paulo Correia
and the latter's comrades, an execution he describes as "barbarous murder."
He is now acknowledging in public the possibility that he will return to
Bissau--and reassume power. And judging from the hearing the criminal Luis
Cabral has gained in certain sectors of the mass media, his gamble may pay
off, even though the murders committed while he was president were much more
numerous and much more barbarous than those that can now be charged against
"Nino" Vieira.

All Luis Cabral needs is a green light from the USSR. For the present, Moscow
does not seem to have any settled ideas about the Guinea-Bissau hornet's nest.
Speaking through Cuba, Sovietism has now reaffirmed its support of "Nino," but

18



MOZAMBIQUE

DECREASING VEGETABLE PRICES SEEN IN MARKETS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 21 Jul 86 p 2

[Excerpts] The low price of green vegetables in the central market and others
scattered throughout the city of Maputo is a reflection of the competition
prompted by certain private entities and, more recently, by the start of
operations by the stands of some consumer cooperatives (at least in the central
and people's markets), which are supplied by the Fruit and Vegetable Enterprise.
According to a source associated with the Central District's consumer coopera-
tive, the only condition imposed by the Fruit and Vegetable Enterprise for
supplying products is the use of a profit margin not to exceed 40 percent.

Recently, when the Fruit and Vegetable Enterprise was forced to reduce the
price of tomatoes from 115 to 80 meticals, owing to the large volume of that
product in its storage facilities, the consumer cooperatives imitated its
example, by the same amount.

Who Are the ‘Counter-Speculators'?

According to Candido Joaquim, purchasing agent of the cooperative sector of the
Central District's consumer cooperative, the introduction of stands belonging
to the consumer cooperatives is already having its effects.

Vendors at some stands were forced to cut the price of tomatoes up to 80
percent in certain instances. In fact, a kilogram of tomatoes which, a few
days ago, cost 80 meticals, was priced at 100 meticals yesterday at the central
market; a maximum price estimated on the basis of all the stands which handle
that product.

Candido Joaquim later remarked that the Fruit and Vegetable Enterprise has
undertaken to provide, in addition, certain products, such as green beans,
squash, grapefruit, and coconuts.

Candido Joaquim commented: "It would be ideal if we had capable facilities in
our cooperative. Unfortunately, we are selling only bananas to the members,
just because we lack our own infrastructure. Transportation is another problem.
We have opted to take the products to the Fruit and Vegetable Enterprise,

which is located near here, and to sell them at our stands iin the two markets."

47



SOUTH AFRICA

RADIO COMMENTS ON SANCTIONS, LUANDA SUMMIT

MB260838 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 26 Aug 86

[Station Commentary: "Sanctions"]

[Text] The southern African mountain kingdom of Lesotho receives 70 percent
of her budget funds directly from South Africa in the form of customs
receipts. Wages earned by citizens of Lesotho working in South Africa
finance 79 percent of the kingdom's imports, are the largest source of
receipts in Lesotho's balance of payments, and constitute 50 percent of the
country's gross national product.

That, in a nutshell, is what Lesotho stands to lose were she to take part in
sanctions against South Africa, and that is why SADCC, of which Lesotho is a
member, was unable to reach agreement at production of sanctions against South

Africa.

Nor is Lesotho alone in opposing sanctions because of the economic disaster
she would face if all financial, economic, and transport ties with South
Africa were to be cut off. To a lesser but still significant extent, Botswana
and Swaziland are reliant on the South African connection for keeping their
economies afloat.

It is these and other realities that were on the table as the main item at the
Luanda conference. The emotional rhetoric and fist-shaking at the Western
world in which President Kaunda of Zambia and Prime Minister Mugabe of
Zimbabwe were indulging less than a month ago at the Commonwealth minisummit
has faded.

But even as the harsh facts struck home in Luanda last weekend, political dogma
was still in evidence. The conference itself was not prepared to commit itself
to sanctions, but was perfectly prepared to demand that others-~such as the
Commonwealth-~should impose sanctions against South Africa.

Behind this type of thinking, of course, is the belief that if sanctions were
implemented, the Commonwealth and the West would owe it to Zambia, Zimbabwe,
and others to bail them out with massively expensive airlifts and equally
massively expensive projects to build new railways and port facilities.

Such hopes, however, are as unrealistic as the political rhetoric to which
Messrs Kaunda and Mugabe are adicted.

/9716
cso: 3400/468 92



MOZAMBIQUE

RENAMO'S DHLAKAMA SCORES NEW MOVEMENT AS FRELIMO INSTRUMENT
Lisbon 0 DIABO in Portuguese 12 Aug 86 p 22

[Excerpt] In a communique aimed at "unmasking for once and for all a campaign
orchestrated by Maputo," Afonso Dhlakama, president of RENAMO [Mozambican
National Resistance], claimed that the newly created CUNIMO movement, or "Commit-
tee for Mozambican Unity," is an instrument of Samora Machel.

The creation of CUNIMO was announced in mid-July in Munich, in the Federal
Republic of Germany, at the end of 3 months of negotiations on this subject
held by several Mozambicans who depicted themselves as adversaries of FRELIMO,
including Artur Vilankulos, Antonio Zengazenga, and Khembo dos Santos, and
totaling 20 in all.

In his communique, the president of RENAMO gave a reminder that Vilankulos was
expelled from that movement in 1983, as were other "leaders of psuedo-groups,"
and he accused them of actually being “agents or elements linked with the
criminal SNASP [National People's Security Service], FRELIMO's security service.”
Upon the launching of CUNIMO, its founders expressed the intention of cooperat-
ing with RENAMO, In this regard, the Mozambican National Resistance leader
stressed that the latter "could never agree to the insult to the Mozambican
people that would be represented by the inclusion of bandits and criminals
affiliated with SNASP." And he added:

"There are not, there have not been, and there never will be any talks with
agents of SNASP; contacts and dialogues with such people are impossible, use-
less, and meaningless; a genuine people's organization such as RENAMO cannot
adulterate the meaning of the struggle, or betray the people, becoming mixed
with or making pacts with Samora Machel's henchmen."

This statement by Afonso Dhlakama complements and expands upon his previous
communique distributed immediately after the creation of CUNIMO in Munich, in
which the promoters of the new movement were scored as being elements backed
by FRELIMO and by Colonel Khaddafi, through the Mozambican ministers, Joaquim
Chissano and Jacinto Veloso.

The firm stance assumed by the RENAMO leader refutes the theory that the depar-
ture of certain Mozambicans from the Resistance cadres was due only to

30



The survival of this nation is of paramount importance in the formulation
of any policy. After all, self-preservation is the first law of nature.
We are satisfied that our foreign policy on these issues is clear enough
to be appreciated by an average Batswana, who is, after all, the pillar
of this government in terms of the power of his vote.

Armchair critics of our foreign policy want us to do what they think is
correct. The government takes a number of relevant variables into account
in arriving at any foreign policy. Our foreign policy should be as it is:
principled and pragmatic, and having the best interests of Batswana at
heart.

We cannot pretend to be what we are not simply to meet the demands of
those with fertile imaginations. That is hypocrisy.

19604
cso: 3400/4912

14



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

TALKS WITH 'NEW RENAMO'--According to indications that EXPRESSO received this
week, the Committee for Mozambican Unity (CUNIMO), founded in Cologne, will
attempt to clarify its own relations with RENAMO (and also with the movement
of Maximo Dias with whom it will hold a meeting today); nevertheless, giving
priority to the need for maintaining a sufficiently dynamic channel of
communications with "the real RENAMO," that is, with its leader, Afonso
Dhlakamz, who is considered a "full-bodied operational person," living. perma-
nently inside Mozambique. After all, this is reportedly a strategy devised

in Cologne, aimed at "purging" RENAMO of its greatly contested "Portuguese
component," which is as disapproved by the Maputo regime as it is by its
opponents in the United States, the FRG, France, Kenya, and even Portugal.
However, the secretary general (we were told by some Mozambican dissidents)
"will have to render an account of his action," thoughout the years, a period
during which he may have acted on behalf of a "resistance" that is accused of
having wished to dominate, and not just in the realm of international relations.
The theory upheid by some observers that the time of "a new RENAMO" is nearing
has begun to disclose consistency; and it must be admitted that the Mozambican
regime has been participating with greater effort in new meetings with its
opponents, as a logical follow-up of the widely publicized meeting by Samora
Machel with the "resistance member" Artur Vilanculos, in Washington. [Excerpt]
[Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 26 Jul 86 p 24] 2909

LAND DISTRIBUTION IN MANDLHAKAZE--Over 100 hectares of fertile land were
recently divided into plots and distributed to the peasants of the district

of Mandlhakaze, in Gaza Province, according to. the report from the 16th
session of the district assembly, made public a few days ago in that section
of the country. According to the document, the fundamental goal of the initia-
tive is to allow for greater production of green vegetables for the peasant's
self-sufficiency. In connection with the reforestation program, the peasants
from that district planted 5,000 cashew nut trees and 350 eucalyptus trees
this year, the document adds. According to other reports from MandIhakaze,

the workers at the cashew nut processing factory in that locality created a
ceramics cooperative, which operates in the factory's premises, with the
capacity to make 10,000 units per month. The cooperative produces containers,
pots, bowls, and jars, among other items. {Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese
18 Jul 86 p 8] 2909

58



ANGOLA

DEPUTY PROVINCIAL COMMISSIONERS DISMISSED, APPOINTED
MB241011 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1900 GMT 23 Aug 86

[Text] Comrade Jose Eduardo dos Santos, president of the republic, today
signed 11 decrees dismissing and appointing deputy provincial commissioners
of seven provinces of the country.

According, the deputy provincial commissioners of Uige, (Carvalho Vundu)
and (Jorge Paulo de Castro), have been relived from their posts, and are
replaced by Silva Neto and (Kapelo Benge).

Comrade Jose Eduardo dos Santos also relieved Maravilha Daniel Bengo from
the post of deputy provincial commissioner of Moxico and appointed
Francisco Antonio Rei to the post.

Cristovao Francisco da Cunha ceased to be deputy provincial commissioner
of Malanje, having been transferred to Luanda Province to exercise the
same post, replacing one of the two deputy provincial commissioners of
Luanda relieved from the post by the president of the republic on

9 June.

President Jose Eduardo dos Santos also appointed Melo Antonio Pinto as
the deputy provincial commissioner of Bie, Manuel Francisco as the deputy
provincial commissioner of Benguela, and Albertina Teresa Jose as the
deputy provincial commissioner of Cunene.

19604
cso: 3400/491



BLACK ENROLLMENT AT UDW INCREASING

SOUTH AFRICA

Durban POST NATAL in English 20-23 Aug 86 p 8

[Article by Quraish Patel]
[Text]

WITHIN the next decade African students at the
University of Durban-Westville may outnumber In-
dian students, according to projections of enrol-
ment figures. LO

African students number just under 10 percent of
the total enrolment of 6035 at UDW for this year
and their numbers are expected to increase as
more and more Indian students are drawn to the
University of Natal. .

The projection is also based on figures at the
University of Natal’s medical school which was
once predominantly African but now has more In-
dian students.

Although UDW deputy rector, Professor Tom Ben-
nett, could not confirm the projection, he said
since race was not the real criterion for admission,
the university accepted any student who met the
admission requirement.

“We are moving closer to the ideal. Students of
all races must be able to choose which university
they wish to attend,” he said.

The student enrolment determined the subsidies
from the Government. Hence, more students mean
more money.

With tough competition from: the University of
Natal campuses in Durban and Pietermaritzburg,
Durban-Westville has the advantage of offering
cheaper fees for its courses.

“But cheaper fees do not mean a lower standard
of education,” said Professor Bennett. “It is for his-

torical reasons — mainly the large Government”

sponsorship — that we are able to offer cheaper
course fees.”

As far as African students are concerned, Dur-
van-Westville makes good sense. It claims an edu- :
cition equivalent to that offered by the University .

of Natal but undercuts the high fees.

Professor Bennett said black matriculants were
increasing every year and there was now a large
untapped reservoir of Africans wishing to attend

90

Stressing that it was the university's policy to
recruit students of all races, he said no special at-
,tention was given to recruiting African students.
“What happens is that we contact schools and it

, ‘all depends on how accessible a school is. It's obvi-

,ous we can contact more Indian schools because
“they are more accessible.”

‘According to figures from the University of
Natal’s Howard College campus, 482 African stu-
dents out of a total population of about 6000 stu-

« dents enrolled in 1985.

This is only about one percent more than the
number of African students at the University of
Durban-Westville where there are 436 out of a total
of 6 035.

Another reason for the increase of African stu-
dents at Durban-Westville is its open hostels policy.

Professor Bennett said the university had ob-
tained a blanket permit allowing non-Indians resi-
dence at the hostels.

Moreover, the university's proximity to the city
centre coupled with its lower fees is therefore ex-
pected to draw more from the reservoir of African
matriculants than the University of Natal.

It is also believed that African students from
KwaMashu, Clermont and Lamontville prefer to
attend Durban-Westville instead of distant Zulu-
land University.

Indian student enrolment at the University of
Natal increased from 632 (Howard College) in 1985
to 720 this year. This means that 100 more Indian
students decided against attending Durban-West-

ville.

To hold its enrolment (from 6424 in 1985 down
to 6 035 this year) and its subsidy, Durban-Westville
would probably accept even more African students
next year if the pattern was to continue.

In contrast, total enrolment figures at the Uni-
versity of Natal increased by about 400 in 1985, and
five percent this year. .

For these reasons, white students would also not
be turned away from UDW. In fact, the department



MOZAMBIQUE

TRADE MINISTER SPEAKS AT MEETING WITH PORTUGUESE BUSINESSMEN
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 16 Jul 86 p 1

[Text] Yesterday, the minister of trade, Aranda da Silva, reaffirmed the fact
that Mozambique is receptive to all proposals for foreign cooperation. He
spoke during the opening session of the first meeting between Portuguese and
Mozambican businessmen held in our country, under the sponsorship of the
Portugal-Mozambique Chamber of Commerce. The 2-day meeting is analyzing "the
prospects for the development of economic relations" between the two countries,
with representatives from 18 Portuguese firms and 104 Mozambican enterprises
in attendance.

Addressing the formal opening session as a guest of honor, our government's
representative hailed the proposal for the meeting, which he regarded as "a
new and different way of seeking paths, through business cooperation, to
achieve what has proven impossible between governments."

Aranda da Silva observed: "The meeting will create bridges where they do not
exist, and will strengthen those already in existence." The trade minister
cited the general principles and the opportunities for foreign investment
offered by our country, including the main directions from an economic stand-
point already agreed upon between our country and the EEC for the next 5 years.
Referring to the state of insecurity, resulting from the destabilization caused
by the "apartheid" regime in South Africa, in our country in particular, which
could create reservations on the part of foreign investors, the Mozambican
ruler gave the apt example of the fiance who left his fiancee because she was
ill and losing some of her beauty. "He would certainly not be a good future
husband," he concluded; adding that, on the contrary, the one who would help
his fiancee to recover her health, even reinforcing their friendship, would
provide guarantees for their future.

In turn, the ambassador of the Portuguese Republic accredited to the RPM,
Palouro das Neves, also invited to the opening session, said that the success
of the initiative was ensured by the "number and quality” of the participants.
He added that the topics for discussion are highly significant for the two
countries and that, with this initiative, the Portugal-Mozambique Chamber of
Commerce "is opening a new space for reflection and dynamism that will affect
the future work of the enterprises and the relations between the two countries."

35



EXPLORATORY DRILLING FOR OIL AT COLCHESTER ANNOUNCED

Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 12 Aug 86 p 1

(Article by Denise Boutall]

[Text] EXPLORATORY drilling in what could be South
Africa’s first on-shore oil field at Colchester, near
Port Elizabeth, could start in March next year.

/13046
cso:

Speaking from Johan-
nesburg today, the techni-
cal director of the Johan-
nesburg Mining and
Finance Corporation Ltd,
Mr AG Netto, said the |
second phase of seismic :
tests would start within a;
few months and drilling |
would probably start by
March, 1987.

He confirmed the |
reserves in the area had |
been estimated at 90 mil-
lion barrels, but discount-
ed reports that this would
make South Africa self-
sufficient as far as its
energy needs
concerned.

Mr Netto said Energy
Resources, a company
within the group, held the
oil prospecting conces-
sion in an area of 20000
square kilometres to the
east of Port Elizabeth,
where the most promising
oil finds were made by
Scekor in the 1960's. .

For the last six years, ; !
consultants had examined °
geological and petrolog-
ical data provided , by
Soekor.

3400/461

pretat
-in oil fields.in

were .

“Using more up to date
methods of seismic inter.

tion and
Sinai

peninsula, a firm of

: Israeli consultants be-

lieve there are a number
of potential oil traps in
the area which had been
missed in earlier drilling.

“This has resulted in
optimism that the area
has good potential,” .Mr
Netto said.

The company was

mobilising its resources
to undertake the second
phase of seismic work to
confirm the target areas,
before starting to drill.

Until drilling began, it
was. impossible to esti-
mate how long it would
take to bring a field in
production.

He said Johannesburg
Mining and Finance
Corporation was prepar-
ing to spend R10 million

.on the exploration of the

field.

97

‘The group’s chairman,
JMR Berardo, was
convinced the country
had oil and that it would
only be found if
determined exploration
continued, said Mr Netto.
@iIn Cape Town, the

-senior public affairs

spokesman for the State-
backed oil exploration
organisation, Soekor, Mr
Mike Leibbrandt, reiter-
ated today the corpora-
tion had no comment on
reports about a possible
inland oilfield near Port
Elizabeth.

“It is our policy not to
comment on the doings of
a concession company,”
he said.

Another oil. industry
source — who did not
want to be named — said
it had to be borne in mind
that the “whole matter is
of necessity at this stage
very much speculative”.

SOUTH AFRICA


During this season, over 600 families, arranged in three units with 60 hectares
each, were involved in growing rice.

Concurrently, according to specialists affiliated with the project to drain
nearly 2,000 hectares of arable land surrounding the provincial capital, it is
planned to drain 100 additional hectares this year.

This work, which will be carried out first in the Chota district, will be
preceded by meetings to explain the goals to be attained through the introduc-
tion of new agricultural techniques.

2909
CSO: 3442/278

38