"You will be there to help law abiding people to live in peace and harmony,"
he said. :

Const W.M. Macunga of Tokoza was the bédt academic student, averaging 98
pertent in his theoretical tests. Const J; Matia was the fittest student.
Const L.R. Maiigaliso of Grahamstown was the best shottist (average: 94.3
perteiit) and Cont F.N. Mudau of Mamelodi the best allround student.

PHOTO CAPTIONS

1. p 60. Law Enforcement Officer candidates test their strength
against the tough obstacle course at 21 Battalion's
training ground.

2. p 60. The trainees were given instruction on all aspects of police
work. Here an iristructor teaches them the skills of fire
fighting.

3. p 61. The police trainees stand neatly in line during their
graduation parade.
or

4. p 61. Mr Tom Boya, Mayor of Daveyton and guést of hofidur, receives
the salute during the parade held at the 21 Battalion pdrade
Btourid on 2 May 1986. With tin on the poditm aré Brig G.H.P.
Mutphy; OC Witwatetsrana Coithand; atid cmdt Mis. Buitendag,

OC of 21 Battdlion.

5. p 6h. thé trainees had a thorough physicat as well as theoretical
trdining béfote qualifying. Each candidate had to attain
an Overall avetagé bf 45 percetit in both aspects of theit
training.

/9317 a
C80: 3400/286

. 56



Fruits of Experience

For this harvest, however, it does not take an agricultural expert to see that,
by this system, it is possible to legsen the effects of the famine, at least
in the city of Beira.

From Macuti to Munhava, including Chota and Macurungo, fron Manga to
Inhamizua aud Ceramica, the picture is the same; in the fields, the rice is
bending undex the weight of the ripe, golden spikes, demanding more manpower
for the harvest.

In the fields, men and women, sometimes in water up their knees, are harvesting
tie fruits of months of labor.

In Macurunga, a zone with a good rice growing tradition, we had to wait for
some timc on the road until some peasants engaged in the harvesting had finished
their tasks so we could speak with them, becauge the water which floods the
land prevented us from reaching the site.

bowed under the weight of a sack of rice harvested that work day, Rosalina de
BaBros said she was managing to harvest about 40 kilograms per day.

As to the prospects for production from her field, she said she could not predict
the quantity, but the harvest should be the best since she had begun to grow
rice in that locale.

"This is basically because of the assistance from the Office of Green Zones
in draining and plowing the land. In the beginning, the regular producers”

in this area were very suspicious because many of them were shifted from their
formex locations and some of them received legs land," our interviewee added,

For her part, Luisa Paulo Antonio, who resides in the 21st District (Inhamizua),
said that, in this season, rice production in hér zone had shown results that
pointed to excellent prospects for the future,

"In this campaign, my family and I managed to use all the land and maybe next
geagon we will increase the acreage, if possible," added Luisa Antonio, who
also expects a good harvest this year.

Siruggle Againgt Hunger Gaing Impetus

"Here in Inhamizua District, the struggle against hunger has gained momentum,
particulazly in this growing season, when the people are trying to minimize
the effects of the food shortage by producing in the garden plots and yards
around their houses," said Maria Jusela, showing us the stand of rice in her
own yard.

She added that, in addition to that stand of rice, she had amother one in a

nearby location. "With this production, I hope to cgtablish a stock of rice
£0 I can face the coming months with some confidence."

22



NOTE

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sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
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Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.

uy



SOUTH AFRICA

INKATHA'S DHLOMO COMMENTS ON ENDING APARTHEID
MB211108 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1057 GMT 21 Jul 86

[Text] Cape Town, 21 July, SAPA--It was the duty of South Africa business to
identify its allies and join them in dismantling apartheid and help install a
non-racial, democratic government in a race-free economic system, Mr Oscar
Dhlomo, secretary general of Inkatha and the KwaZulu minister of education and
culture, said today.

Speaking at a lunch given by the South African British Trade Association
(SABRITA), he said it was important for business leaders to be seen to be on
the side of those who shared their ideals for a future South Africa, otherwise
they might find themselves unwittingly fighting on the side of their
ideological adversaries.

"In that case they would end up as the proverbial turkeys that voted for
Christmas," he said.

There were some business leaders who thought they could remain neutral in the
struggle against apartheid. “They believe in the old-fashioned and
discredited slogan that the business of business is business. These misguided
businessmen need to be warned that there will soon be no business for business
unless business makes the dismantling of apartheid its business.”

Others, black and white, went to the other extreme of "fraternising and
cooperating with anybody...that professes to be fighting against apartheid.”
"We must therefore warn that the destruction of apartheid is not an end in
itself; it is a means to an end. The end is a new political system that will
replace apartheid. That system can either be a non-racial democratic one
characterised by a free market economy or it can be a Marxist totalitarian

one.

People with different political ideologies were fighting apartheid for
different reasons and business should beware supporting those who were their
"ideological adversaries,” Mr Dhlomo said. He spoke strongly against
sanctions labelling the advocates of sanctions as “paternalistic when they
unilaterally dictate to us how we must be liberated." “They are being
extremely cruel when they are prepared to sacrifice the lives and jobs of
millions of black South Africans simply to salve their consciences or to
enhance their political careers. If those who sympathise with us were

65



SOUTH AFRICA

COLORED TEACHERS WITHDRAW FROM GOVERNMENT STRUCTURES

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 17 Jul 86 p 4

[Text]

/9317

CAPE TOWN. — The organisation rep-
resenting most of South Africa’s
coloured teaching corps — the Union of.
Teachers’ Associations of South Africa
(UTASA) — has formally withdrawn
from Government education structures.

Mr Randall van den Hever, Deputy-
President of the Cape Teachers’ Profes-

.Sional Association (CTPA), largest of

the four provincial organisations in the
UTASA fold, confirmed the move yes-
terday.

UTASA, umbrella body of the organ-
ised coloured teaching profession, tep-
rosents 26 000 teachers, most of them in
the Western Cape.

A letter had been sent to the acting-
executive director of the Department of
Education and Culture in the House of
Representatives, Mr:D Pfaff, informing

CSO: 3400/282

him that UTASA was withdrawing its 21
representatives from the education com-
mittees, he said.

“We expect'Mr. Pfaff to convey our
message to the relevant authorities,” he
said. “a7 :

UTASA decided at its.national con-
ference in Kimberley last month that to
continue serving on “own” and “general
affairs” structures would be to prop up
apartheid at a: time. when the broader
community was engaged in a struggle to
end it, re : °

Mr Van den: Heever said UTASA
hoped to meet.next month with the Di-
rector-General of the’ Administration of
the House of Representatives, Mr P D
McEnery, to explain the reasons for:
their decision. -- Sapa.

76



"We would be happy to share our experience with other developing countries,"
Di said. "Desert control, after all, is a task for the entire human race."
Before the Tanzania-Ethiopia trip, Prof Di said, his institute had run training
sessions seminars for desert control experts from developing countries, also
with help from the UN Environment Program.

/12228
CSO: 3400/302

12



to participate in shaping that future. For Chief Buthelezi this is a hallowed
principle that overrides all other considerations, including the ANC's plot to
assassinate him or the UDFS open hostility towards him. We trust that the
government will soon see Chief Buthelezi's point and expedite the release of
Mr Mandela and other political prisoners," Mr Dhlomo said.

/12913
cso: 3400/295

71



3
MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

GDP REGISTERS RISE--The gross domestic product has been.on the rise in recent
years, according to 1985 statistics, which will be for sale shortly at the
Economic Documentation Center of the National Planning Commission. Accord-
ing to AIM, in 1981 the GDP amounted to $2 billion, and 4 years later it had
risen to $3.6 billion, as a result of price increases. According to-AIM,
the document discloses that the overall social product last year was. $1.3
pillion. The value of the social product at constant prices is compared
with the value in the previous 2 years. From 1975 to 1981, it was on the
rise, after which time it began a downward trend. ‘The 1985 social product
is estimated at $1.8 billion, while it was $2.1. billion in 1981. This is a
figure computed at constant prices at the 1985 exchange rate. The overall
social product is the value of gross agricultural and industrial production,
including construction, transportation, communications and commerce, but
excluding management, banking, and other components, and without deducting
amortization and taxes. As for foreign trade, 1985 exports amounted to
$81.6 billion, as compared to $123.8 million 10 years earlier. In 1981,
exports were valued at $245 million, according to computations at last year's
rate of exchange. Mozambique's economy has shown a downward trend since

181 which is closély related to renewed South African aggression and. natural
disasters. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 26 Jun 86 p 8] 9805/6662

WEATHER RADAR INSTALLED AT BEIRA-~-A weather radar was inaugurated yesterday
afternoon at Beira's international airport. Present at the ceremony were the
First Secretary of Frelimo and Governor of Sofala Province Francisco. Masquil,

as well as Vice-Minister of Transportation and Communications, ‘Rui Lousa and
the Soviet Ambassador Yuri Sepeliov who made the official presentation. . During
the ceremony, Yuri Sepeliov said that his country would, in the future, install
more of these radars in Maputo, Nampula, and Nacala. This undertaking was
initiated by the Soviet Union; within the framework .of. meteorological coopera-
tion, and the radar was installed under the auspices of ‘the World Meteorological
Organization. [Summary] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 14 Jun 86 p 1] /8309

CSO: 3442/266

mw

29



TANZANIA

SIDA CHIEF ON AID PROGRAM, IMF CONDITIONS
Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 1 Jul 86 p 9
[Article by Peter Bratt]

[Text] "Government bureaucracy must be reduced, and the administration must
be decentralized. That is the precondition for success with the economic -
recovery program in Tanzania." .

So said Carl Tham, head of SIDA [Swedish International Development Authority],
on Monday following a trip to that country. ‘

Tanzania is the single largest recipient of Swedish aid. The country is
assured of receiving 475 million kronor during the next fiscal year, and a
decision was recently made to add 50 million kronor to that amount so that
Tanzania can meet the demands of the IMF.

Tanzania is agreeing to devalue its currency by 400 percent in 6 months
(1 percent per day), to cut back on public administration, and to raise
agricultural prices by 15 percent over a 3-year period.

In return, Tanzania is receiving $290 million in favorable loans from the IMF
and the World Bank and another $130 million from a number of donor countries.

Carl Tham does not believe that the biggest problem is going to be sharply
higher food prices for the inhabitants of the cities.

"Distribution by the state did not work before, so the urban inhabitants were
already being forced to buy most of their food on the illegal private market.
You might say that they have already adjusted to the higher prices.

"The biggest difficulty will very probably be experienced in implementing
decentralization. When one sees the health stations supplied and built in the
country by Sweden, one is not pleased. . They are in wretched condition.

"The reason is not only the lack of funds but also the fact that there has not
been any local organization for operating and maintaining those stations."

36



are going to be financed with money from that source. Fifty of the homes are
already under construction. Housing projects for Indians are also being
contemplated at Witbank and Delmas. Many thousands of more homes will still
have to be built to alleviate the housing shortage among Indians, BEELD was
told. It is not certain how great the housing shortage really is. BEELD's
source estimated it at between 50,000 and 60,000 dwelling units in Transvaal
alone. A spokesman for the House of Delegates told BEELD the figures are
misleading at this stages because quite a lot of people put their names on
several waiting lists for housing. That problem ought to be solved by the
data bank which was set up in April. This is administered on an agency basis
by the Volksraad on behalf of all three houses in parliament. The data bank
will for the first time make it possible to determine in a scientific manner
the exact need for housing among the various population groups, and where and
how much money will be needed for land purchases.

Although the construction costs of the mosques are being paid with donations
from Rabita, the housing projects are being undertaken in partnership with the
the local Rabita branch of Lenasia. All profits are used locally for other
similar developments. According to the Muslim belief, profits on investments
are permissible, but not the payment of interest. Prospective homeowners who
thus want to build houses with the aid of the money only have to put down a
deposit of 20 percent and pay back the balance to the Rabita partnership over
a period of five years. The company's profits have been calculated in the
building costs of the houses.

The Reserve Bank did not want to say yesterday how much of the promised money
from Saudi’ Arabia has already reached South Africa. A spokesman said such
information is confidential.

13084
CSO: 3401/162

61



SENEGAL

BRIEFS

BADEA LOAN FOR ELECTRIC PROJECT~-Khartoum, 18 July (PANA/AZAP)--The Arab Bank
for Economic Development in Farica [BADEA] granted on Wednesday [16 July] a
loan of $4 million to Senegal meant for the co-financing of an electricity
network project in the rural and urban centers. The loan agreement was signed
by Chedly Ayari, the BADEA president and Mr Moussa Toure, the Senegalese
secretary of state at the Ministry of Economy and Finance. The loan is
repayable in 16 years and has a five year grace period. The annual interest
rate is.6 percent. [Text] [Kinshasa AZAP in French 1447 GMT 20 Jul 86 AB]
/12913 . .

Cso: 3400/293.

a

32



violating the provisions of the treaty by still furnishing aid to Renamo. The
charges have been answered with varying success. A public Renamo office
would just stir the post unnecessarily--something that cannot be afforded at a
time when’ the Republic's regional relations are already shaky. It can be
argued that the Nkomati Treaty does not expressly forbid "diplomatic
representation" by either the ANC in Maputo or Renamo in South Africa. The
Situation, however, will have to be watched closely to prevent the diplomatic
support from turning into military or logistical support. That is indeed what
South Africa expects of the Maputo government. Under these circumstances, big
questions can be asked about the desirability of permitting the organization.
[Text] [Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 5 Jun 86 p 6] 13084

64



SOUTH AFRICA

RIGHT WING EXTREMIST THREAT TO NP VIEWED
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 5 Jun 86 p 6
{Column "Around Politics" by J.S. Liebenburg: "Appeal to the Blood"]

(Text] The agenda and goal of the National Party's Federal Congress in August
is still an unviolated confidentiality. Whatever it may be, however, the
party will have to take the onslaught from the right into account. In the
1970 election John Vorster was resented by many, because at every gathering
he harangued almost exclusively against the HNP. The crafty politician
Vorster, however, did not bother much about reproaches that he was haranguing
against the HNP so doggedly that he was not making time for worthy political
speeches. He went scathingly on the offensive and beat the HNP so
devastatingly that they were never again a political factor in his time and
have still not even recovered today. He once said with reference to the
dissatisfied little rightist group in his caucus: “If I walk out together
with those men tomorrow, I will take the government over again the next
election." He realized only too well the danger of the simplified slogan,
blood politics and the difficult task of contesting these with reasonableness
and doctrines of reality.

Today the National Party has to deal with a much more formidable and extensive
onslaught. Last weekend's rally at the [Voortrekker] monument has given an
indication of the extent of this. Some observers think that the crowd was
bigger than the estimated 15,000 to 20,000. And the manner in which the AWB's
Eugene Terre'Blanche-~dramatist/policeman/farmer-politician--took over and
dominated the assembly makes even the fiery Jaap Marais appear lukewarm.

The power of the extremist's technique lies in the simplicity and agitation of
his formulas and slogans. He ignores the complexities of reality and
simplifies the situation into a chosen, but oppressed, people. It becomes a
cause of heroes and martyrs against oppressors and villains. The resemblance
between what Terre'Blanche offers the Afrikaner and the blacks Tutu and Tambo

is rather striking in that respect. "God gave the world's riches to the
Afrikaner and nobody will take them from him," the AWB leader proclaims.
"This is our promised land and we cannot give it away--nor do we have the
right to do so." He also promises nationalization of industries and sources
of revenue. Does that not surprisingly resemble a lot what the ANC and UDF
say to their people? It's the evil government that is oppressing the

42



-Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 8 Jul 86 p 8

Lining Up at Soup Kitchens

[Article by Maureen Johnson]

[Text]

JOHANNESBURG —
For the first time since
the 1930s, white child-
ren are lining up at

: soup kitchens for free
meals in working-class:
‘subiirbs of big cities.

Resentful and increas-
ingly insecure, the
ranks of South Africa’s
poor and unemployed
whites are swelling as
political uncertainty
and ‘threats of eco- |
nomic sanctions batter
the economy.

“We've always had some
whites with financial
problems. But it is only
now that it is becoming
very bad,” said the Rev |
Leon de Koker, a min-
ister of the Dutch Re-
formed Church.

“We have had children
who were fainting at
school because of lack
of nourishment. There
is awful poverty, real
need.” :

Rev De Koker started a
soup kitchen 15 months ,
ago in Johannesburg’s :
Jan Hofmeyer suburb, |
a bleak district of pub- |
lic housing for whites. |

‘The white children in the!
bread lines are the off-
spring of parents who
are semi-skilled or’
without skills. Such
families are vulner-
able not only to the
fierce recession, but
also to the crumbling
of apartheid laws and
practices that for dec-
ades kept blacks out of
jobs reserved for
whites.

Unemployment is tradi- 1
tionally low among the
4,5-million white mi-
nority, which controls
business, holds all the
top and middle-grade
jobs in the civil service
' and dominates the po-
| lice and military. ~
But the Department -of
Manpower says white
* unemployment is ris-
| ing, although it is still,
only 2% — a figure re-|
.garded by analysts as‘
almost as inaccurate
: as the official estimate
of 84% black unem-
ployment. H
Sanlam, the giant Afrika-
ner-controlled insur-
ance company, said in
| its latest economic re-
view that at least 18%
of urban blacks were
jobless. University of
Stellenbosch
reseachers estimate
white unemployment
now runs at 6%, with
188 000 ‘urban’ whites
now looking for work,
compared with 105 000
a year ago. :
‘Poverty among whites
does not compare with
the plight of millions of
blacks in segregated
urban ghettos and tri-
* bal homelands.

But white poverty is real,
growing and helping
fuel support for the ul-
tra-right Afrikaner
Weerstandsbeweging.
The movement’s sup-

“porters have broken up:
four’ recent meetings:
of the National Party,
saying it is caving in to
black demands. .

84

tRev De Koker’s soup kit-
chen, which survives
on food donated by
store-owners and cash
gifts of Ri 500 a month,
started with about 100.
primary. and high
school children coming
+ évery lunchtime.
‘There are now 211 —
! mainly children from
| families drawing un-
+ - employment insurance
|. fund grants.of R164 a
, month for adults and
R49 for each child.
After six months, even
this stops unless recipi-
ents can prove weekly
they are trying to find
i work.
Mrs Johanna Swanepoel,
a warm, matronly
| Janitor’s wife known in
Jan Hofmeyer as
“Tannie ‘Swannie”,
organises the soup kit-
chen and is its tireless
fund-raiser.
"During current strikes by
blacks at dairies and
| retail outlets to protest
\. against detentions of
union leaders under
| the state of emer-
| gency, Mrs Swanepoel
packed unemployed
whites into her car to
do the blacks’ jobs on
*_ occasional shifts.
the complained manag-
ers paid the men R20
for a seven-hour shift
instead of a promised
R30. “They treated
them worse than
blacks.”

'

Mrs Swanepoel, a sup-

er of the AWB,
lamed the present
troubles partly on a
“Government that has
let the blacks get out of
hand.



earnings based on the wage scale applied to Angolan workers, and to send part
of his wages abroad,

In the event of illness for a period exceeding 3 months, he is entitled. to
receive 100 percent of his wage the first month, 75 percent during the second,
and. 50 percent during the third.

Moreover, the law states that, in the event of childbirth, the female foreign
worker will benefit from the same rights as Angolan workers.

The law also notes that the resident foreign worker is entitled to insurance
against occupational accidents. and diseases, and he is also guaranteed retire-
ment on the same terms as native workers, provided he agrees to a monthly
deduction.of a percentage of his wage for this purpose.

In the event that he should wish to return permanently to his country, ‘the
resident foreign worker is allowed to reexport or export the goods legally
imported or purchased in the RPA. However, if he should wish to sell the
aforementioned goods in Angola, the Angolan state has the preferential right
to the purchase thereof.

With regard to the termination of contracts, the law states that they may be
terminated by mutual consent, and cancelled at the initiative of the employing
entity, or at the worker's initiative, whatever the duration of the contract
may be. :

The cancellation of the contract by the resident foreign worker with just cause
or by the employing entity without just cause, however, entails various
consequences incurred by the employing entity.

For example, the employing entity is obliged to pay the worker the amount
equivalent to the wages to which he would be entitled up to the end of the
contractual period, within a maximum period of 3 months, as the law reads.

As for the expiration of the contract, the law approved by.:‘the head of state
stipulates that the employing entity may consider the contract expired-in the
event that the illness of the resident foreign worker extends beyond 3 conse-
cutive or 5 interspersed months.

2909
CSO: 3442/261



TANZANIA

SIDA Chief on Aid Program, IMF Conditions 5
(Peter Bratt; DAGENS NYHETER, 1 Jul 86) ...scccecececeseees 36

Briefs ag
Transportation, Trade Links With Uganda 38

SOUTH AFRICA
AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

ANC-Broederbond Meeting Explained
(DIE VADERLAND, 19 Jun 86) sccesccesccateceesccesceescesess 39

Treurnicht Comments on AWB
(Gerhard Burger; DIE VADERLAND, 10 Jun 86) secccesscccceees 40

Right Wing Extremist Threat to NP Viewed
(J. S. Liebenburg; DIE VADERLAND, 5 Jun 86) sscecsceseceeee 42

NP's 'Moderates' Theory Criticized
(Gawie; DIE AFRIKANER, 18 Jun 86) ...cececcvccnccecescseces AG

Government Urban Migration Policy Criticized
(Editorial; DIE AFRIKANER, 18 Jun 86) ..ccovecsecsceececees 46

AVW Prepares for Anniversary of Great Trek
(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 14 Jun 86) ..cccsccceseceeee 48

AWB To Train Children in Use of Firearms
“(THE CITIZEN, 14 Jun 86) c.cccacccecscccccccscceccccscceecs 49

Afrikaans Writers Condemn State of Emergency

(THE STAR, 14 Jul 86) .....eeeeeeee 50
Education Minister Gives Opinion on People's Education

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 15 Jul 86) ..... 52
New Cape Policy Approach Toward Blacks Viewed

(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 26 Jun 86) .. 53

Black Internal Strife at Crossroads Deplored

(Editorial; DIE VADERLAND, 11 Jun 86) .scecceccececereseees 54
SADF Conducts Intensive Security Training for Blacks -

(D. R. Kneen; PARATUS, JUL 86) sccesccccceevcevervccvesees 55

Black Role in Statutory Council Discussed
(DIE VADERLAND, 12 Jun 86) ..scccccccccccccccvssccvesececes 57



SOUTH AFRICA

ANC-BROEDERBOND MEETING EXPLAINED
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 19 Jun 86 p 23
[Article: "Broederbond and ANC--Prof’ De Lange Tells Everything"] ae

The “full story of. the so-called Broederbond-ANC meeting has been told to “DIE:
VADERLAND by the rector of the Rand Afrikaans University, chairman of © the
Broederbond and father’ of the De Lange Report on education, Professor Pieter
de Lange. Speculative reports from local and overseas sources make out that
it was a preconceived attempt by the Broederbond to make ‘contact with the ANC.
Professor De Lange denied'this, and termed the meeting "accidental." This
resulted’ in ‘speculation about ‘who is now reflecting the true course of
affairs. In a candid interview with DIE VADERLAND, Professor De Lange gave
the following account of events:

In 1979, the American Ford Foundation made a study of what the relationship
between the United States and South Africa ought to be. The findings of the
Rockefeller Commission were contained in a report published in 1981 with the
title "South Africa: Time is running out." In 1984 it was decided to bring
the report up to date with the latest facts. A series of conferences was
held, including one on 30 and 31 May this year under the chairmanship of the
Ford Foundations's Mr Franklin Thomas. The aim was to investigate the role of
education and the church in the South African situation and to determine what
input America could make in that sphere. A variety of delegates were present,
[among them] Professor De Lange as an "educational expert, not as rector of
the RAU or chairman of the Broederbond." There were also three ANC members:
Messrs Seretse Choabi, Thabo Mbeki and Mac Maharaj. Their position was that
education in South Africa must be molded to the ANC formula. During the
question period, Mr Choabi "asked quite out of context what had caused the
division in the Broederbond. I answered that there were differences with
respect to conservative and verligte viewpoints," Professor De Lange said.
Thereupon Mr Choabi responded "emotionally" and said that the white debate in
South Africa is irrelevant. He pointed his finger at me and said ‘All we are
going to do is shoot you people.'"

The audience was shocked, according to Mr De Lange. He himself looked at the
chairman to see whether he was going to react. Mr Thomas "admonished" Mr
Choabi that that was not the way to take part in the conference. "If he had
not done that, I would have responded," Professor De Lange said. Mr Choabi
accepted the admonition and he and Professor De Lange parted with a friendly
good-bye at the conclusion of the conference. The Broederbond was thus
dragged into the discussions "out of context."

13084
cso: 3401/165 39



SOUTH AFRICA

INKATHA'S DHLOMO PRAISES BUTHELEZI
MB211154 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1145 GMT 21 Jul 86

[Text] Cape Town, 21 July, SAPA--The South African society was showing signs
of adapting to violence, Mr Oscar S. Dhlomo, secretary-general of Inkatha said
in Cape Town today.

Addressing the South Africa British Trade Association of “South Africa:
Problems, Prospects and Challenges" Mr Dhlomo said deaths resulting from
police action were reported as "if they resulted from road accidents." He
said newspapers reported on necklace deaths "as if they were reporting on a
thrilling rugby match."

“We behave as if we have already made a conscious and deliberate decision that
our socio-political problems must and will be solved through violence. I am
proud to be associated with one leader who clearly sees violence as part of
the problem and not.the solution. That leader is Minister of KwaZulu. I
submit it is the duty of all freedom-loving South Africans, including the
business community, not only to send Chief Buthelezi occasional messages of
moral support, but to actively and visibly assist him in his lone struggle to
save South Africa from self destruction." Mr Dhlomo said.

Mr Dhlomo said Chief Buthelezi enjoyed so much power and support both within
and without Inkatha and KwaZulu that “he virtually has the future of the
external mission of the ANC and its leadership in his hands. If he chose to,
he could adopt policies that would virtually seal the fate of the ANC and keep
its leadership perpetually in exile. As leader of the largest ethnic group in
the country, he could easily form an invincible coalition with the state |
president as the leader of the largest white ethnic group in the country.

This coalition would win instant majority support from all sectors of the
South African population as well as internationally. People ask me virtually
everyday why Chief Buthelezi does not adopt this strategy, more especially
since the external mission of the ANC is already plotting his assassination.
The answer is simple and it is that Chief Buthelezi is a true African patriot
and not a political opportunist. He was brought up in the traditions of the
African National Congress as propounded by the founding fathers of that
organisation in 1912. He has a deep seated respect for African patriots like
Mr Mandela and others who have sacrificed so much in the name of freedom. He,
therefore, feels that it would be unpatriotic for him to negotiate about the
future of South Africa when patriots who struggle with him are denied a right

70



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

TECHNICAL COLLEGE GROUP--The Association of Technical Colleges yesterday
inaugurated The Federation of Technical College Councils (FETECC). The
chairman of the new Federation is Mr A. van Breda, Chief Whip in the House
of Assembly, and a council representative for Technical Colleges in the
Cape Province. The vice-chairman is Dr R. Loubser, chief executive manager
of the Nuclear Development Corporation of South Africa and a council...
representative for Technical Colleges.in the Transvaal.’ The Orange ‘Free
State is represented on FETECC by 'Mr'J. Spies, chief personnel manager of
Sasol I, while Natal is represented by Mr C. Mouton, a ledding architect
in Durban. The main objective.of the council is to represent industry
and commerce on ‘the highest possible level as far as:technical training
is concerned atthe Department of Education and Culture or at a Ministerial
level, according to Mr Van Breda. ."FETECC répresents,a breakthrough; in that
commerce and industry have now a direct say in.college education.:: The
Federation, being made up of actual employers,*can identify technical needs
and give guidance. to technical colleges. FRIECC is, therefore, an
‘employers group,! not an ‘academic group,', he said. "Emphasis will be
placed on "hands on' training, and the Federation is geared for the new
upswing in the economy," Mr van Breda said. [Text]. [Johannesburg THE
CITIZEN in English 15 Jul 86 p 5] /9317 : .

FRG GREENS END VISIT--The trio of Greens from West Germany who last: week
completed a "fact finding mission" to South Africa on’ behalf of their ~
party did not inform the South African Government of its intentions.
Government officials confirmed to The Citizen last night that no trace
record could be found which indicated that the group, which came in via
South West Africa, had informed anyone in Government or, any Department

of the intentions behind the visit. . Normally, according to the officials,
any group representing an official party from a foreign country as a matter
of courtesy informs the host country of its intentions. In this case,

the Greens, who saw only "friends" including Bishop Desmond Tutu, Mré
Winnie Mandela, the Rev Beyers Naude and Mrs Helen Suzman among others,
made it clear that they regarded any talks with Government representatives
as a "waste of time" and did not apply to see any members of Government.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Jul 86 p 11] /9317

79



9NA1Gs

vb

JPRS-SSA-86-085
15 AUGUST 1986

NOTICE: Please be advised that
no report was published in this
series under the number
JPRS-SSA-86-063.

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

“DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT E~

Approved for pablic cedeuma;
Distrtbutton Unltited

04) 1060866)

[DTIC QUALE'Y SOOPROTED &

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY

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GUINEA-BISSAU

Cabral Names Brother's Assassin
(AFRIQUE NOUVELLE, 18 Jun 86) ..ccccscccsccceesccecccceecs

MOZAMBIQUE

Italian Group Finances Maputo Water Distribution Systems
(NOTICIAS, 24 Jun 86) ..ecccceccccsccsscccvccersccescceees

Chissano Opens New International Relations Institute
(NOTICIAS, 2 -Jul 86) ...

Muslim Message to Machel
(NOTICIAS, 3 Jul 86) .......

BPD Offers Financing to Sofala's State Agricultural Sector
(NOTICIAS, 24 Jun 86) ..

Beira Greenbelt Farmers Expect Record Rice Crop
(A. Sitoe, E. Paulino; NOTICIAS, 3 Jul 86) ......

National Savings Campaign Seen as Successful
(NOTICIAS, 27 Jan 86) .......

National Beekeeping Program Successfully Trains 300 Beepeepers
(NOTICIAS, 25 Jun 86) .esceccevceces

Briefs
GDP Registers Rise
Weather Radar Installed at Beira
NAMIBIA

SWAPO's Nujoma Interviewed on Vienna TV
(Herbert Hamersky; Vienna Television Service, 9 Jul 86)

Windhoek Churches To Form Non-Political League
(SAPA, 26 Jun 86) cecccssccccvcccccccecceccececcsesescsece

SENEGAL

Briefs
Badea Loan for Electric Project

SWAZILAND

Matsebula in Europe To Oppose Sanctions
(Mogens Kofod-Hansen; BERLINGSKE TIDENDE, 7 Jul 86) ......

4

15

16

18

19

21

25

27

29

29

30

31

32

33



MOZAMBIQUE

NATIONAL BEEKEEPING PROGRAM SUCCESSFULLY TRAINS 300 BEEKEEPERS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 25 Jun 86 p 8

[Text] The National Beekeeping Program set up in 1982 has already trained
around 300 beekeepers in the country in courses held as part of a project to
develop beekeeping in Mozambique, financed by MONAP. This information. was pro-
vided by Jose Alcobia, head of the National Beekeeping Program, who described
the activities conducted under the Beekeeping Program in Mozambique.

"The program is financed by MONAP and FAO and is designed to expand and furth-
er beekeeping in the country by sponsoring basic training courses to provide
the students with the minimum skills needed to develop beekeeping," Jose
Alcobia began by telling us.

He said that in addition to promoting courses, the beekeeping program has
also provided technical assistance and various beekeeping equipment to
state and private entities interested in engaging in this activity.

"We supply beehives to anyone who wants to engage in beekeeping. The great—
est progress has been made in urban areas, as our activities there have
been more intensive than in the countryside, where we have little mobility.
We recognize, however, that we should focus on the rural sector, since that
is a more appropriate setting for developing beekeeping," the program head
said.

He’ pointed out that the beekeeping program has been working with the Rural
Development Department, so that supervisors from the Regional Development
Centers would encourage and instruct the peasants in the practice of bee-
keeping.

On this point, Jose Alcobia said that what is seen now in the countryside
are traditional beekeeping practices which hamper the rapid growth of this
activity in Mozambique.

“We need to create a new way of thinking ‘among family beekeepers, who are

the basis and the nucleus of beekeeping in all parts of the world. We are
therefore using a new teaching methodology, with the cooperation of the Rural

27



“People don’t know what it’s like.
They don’t know how it feels to walk
from Hillbrow to Industria for a job you
saw in the paper. and when you get
there the job’s already been taken.”

Sakkie van der Merwe (52) is a quali-
fied boilermaker. He had a job in Secun-
da but was laid off in January. He used
to live in a two-bedroomed house in Ger-
miston. Now he lives in a R2,50 a night
Hillbrow doss-house.

“Sometimes I'd get an odd job, But
sometimes it was so bad I had to ask.
people in the streets to help me with 20c
or 30c just so I could eat.

“They said to me ‘I work for a living,
why don't you?’ and I told them I want
to work, I'm looking for work, but I can’t
find any. Then they say ‘well you're not
looking hard enough’. :

“Sometimes at the end of a day I have
enough to buy myself some milk and a
loaf of bread. Some tobacco too some-
times. Couldn’t afford smokes.”

He cakes a crumpled packet of ciga-
rettes from his pocket: “This is my first
packet of smokes for months.”

Gert Wiese is 43, has a wife and three
children, He is a master bricklayer and
was retrenched in June last:year:

“I couldn't keep 'the rent tip anymore.
so my wife and kids‘have moved in with

her parents. I stay in Hillbrow so Y can
be near this job. I get R15 a day and my
bed in the dormitory is R2,50 a day. With
the rest I've got to help out my family.”

Fanie Fourie (43) is a high-pressure
welder who has worked on oil pipelines
for an American company in the Per-
sian Gulf, and the Letaba power station,
but was retrenched last year.

“It’s the same story every day. You
see ads and by the time you get there
the job’s taken. And you have to walk
because there’s no money for buses.”

Boet de Beer (36) carries his “master
craftsman” card with him all the time
in case a job offer comes up.

“I was laid off in January and used to
hitch all over the place looking for work.
To Secunda, Pretoria, Witbank. Some-
times I'd hit a luck and get a job for two,¢
three days, then back to walking the
streets. I'm staying with a friend in Hill-
brow now and have to pay R5 a day
rent. I only get R15 but what can I do?”

‘The names are different, the occupa-
tions vary, but the rest of the stories are
the same. No jobs, no money, no hope.

“Okay, says Boet, “so this job’s not
great. I had to train for five years to be
a master bricklayer and now I’m doing
this. But at least I get a few bucks for it,
know what I mean?”

Unskilled Blacks Fear for Jobs
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 11 Jul 86 p 1
[Article by Mudini Maivha]

[Text] _
Unemployed blacks are concerned that whites are
encroaching on their jobs and that soon there will be
no opportunities left for them.

Whites are being employed by various town coun-
clls as casual workers for R5 a day. They are given
tasks such as digging trenches and cleaning parks,

The sight of whites digging trenches surprised
many blacks who said they never thought this could
happen in South Africa. Overseas this was not an
unusual sight, but such jobs were done by blacks in
South Africa, they maintained. Many said they
viewed the situation with concern.

“This kind of job has been done by our people who,
because of various reasons, are not skilled. :

“It is unfair for. whites to monopolise both skilled
and unskilled work,” said a man who claimed he had
been unemployed for two years.

86



‘SOUTH AFRICA

REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE EMPHASIZED
MB210726 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 21 Jul 86
[Station commentary: "Southern Africa's Economic Interdependence"]

{Text] The call by Nigeria's foreign minister for all African countries to
impose economic sanctions against South Africa is fatuous in the extreme.
Moreover, it demonstrates the minister's obvious lack of appreciation of the
economic realities of the whole Southern African subcontinent.

It is all very well for a country like Nigeria to favor sanctions against
South Africa. Trade between the two countries is negligible. Nigeria is
close enough to Europe to obtain its needs.

The countries of Southern Africa are not in the same fortunate position. In
addition, many of them-~unlike Nigeria--are landlocked and are totally
dependent on South Africa's transport infrastructure. It is not as though
South Africa's neighbors have a choice in the matter. They have no
alternative but to do business with South Africa and this will remain the case
even if the rest of the world refuses to do business with South Africa.

It is this interdependence of the countries of the region which makes South
Africa's neighbors far more vulnerable to sanctions than South Africa itself.
The well-known British commentator and author, Paul Johnson, said in a recent
article that if South Africa's economy collapses the one engine of growth,
even survival, in the continent will be put out of action and its fall will
drag down all the countries of Southern Africa--indeed, perhaps all sub-
Saharan Africa. Then we will count the dead from starvation in tens of
millions.

While the disastrous effects of sanctions on the region are well known, the
opposite perspective is just as important: The potential for the development
of countries in such a region is greatly enhanced by cooperation to exploit
their interdependence. It is this for which South Africa has been campaigning
over the years.

/12913
cso: 3400/297

81



ETHIOPIA

a

GOVERNMENT APPROVES SIDA STUDY OF VILLAGIZATION
Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 1 Jul 86 p 9 i
{Article by Peter Bratt]

[Text] SIDA [Swedish International Development ‘ Authority] has. received
permission from the Ethiopian Government to conduct a study of the effects of
villagization..in that country. - The study will be made during the fall,
according to an announcement by SIDA head Carl Tham at a’ meeting .with the
press on Monday. :

In September of last year, on the 11th anniversary of the Ethiopian
Revolution, it’ was suddenly announced that’ the rural:population. would be
gathered into collective villages.

The result was that during the winter and spring, several million people were
forced into villages consisting of huts lined up in perfectly straight rows.
In the Arusi- Region alone, where SIDA has been carrying out a successful
project to increase grain production for the past 20 years, 900,000 people
were forced into the villages.

Collectivization

The intention is to move 33 million people into villages over the next 10
years. The idea is that the land will be collectivized and that the villages
will form cooperatives.

"The land has not yet been collectivized. But private trade between the
regions has been banned. The state's prices are so low that no one wants to
sell for such a small return.

"The result is a serious deterioration in food supplies at a time when what is
needed instead is substantial improvement."

Carl Tham has been in Ethiopia to conduct the negotiations concerning the next
2-year agreement on Swedish aid. In last year's budget request, SIDA asked
for 175 million kronor in appropriations for Ethiopia. That amount was later
reduced to 140 million kronor as a protest against the villagization program.



19317

Dan Tjongorero outlined some of the things
which made life difficult for those seeking
to portray the truth in contemporary Nami-
bia. .

It would be unthinkable, he said, to write
about themes such as the meeting of armed

: members of the same family on opposite

sides of the political fence, of the flight of
refugees from the country, of a white girl
falling in love with a “terrorist”, or of the
differing “day and night loyalties” of the
civilian population in the war zones:

Other sessions during the conference
dealt with liberation, the position of
women, the media, race, and language. |

Interspersed with the public lectures and
discussion periods were private meetings.of
guild members at which domestic business
was discussed.

Sensitive topics were brought up at these
closed meetings, including a proposal that
the guild join the international PEN society
for writers, a proposal opposed by a num-
ber of the more conservative authors.

cso: 3400/281

51



AECI FORMS NEW SPECIALTY SUBSIDIARY

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Jun 86 p 21

[Text]

/9317
CSO: 3400/163

AECI has formed a new
wholly owned ‘subsidiary:
to manufacture speciality:
chemicals to be called)
Chemical Resources
(Pty).

The riew company has a
solid base in fuels’ and
fuel-based technology
and aims to develop,
manufacture, market and
service a range of specjali-
ty and effect chemicals for
the fuels, automotive, lu-
bricant, mining and in-
dustrial sectors. .

Based at Modderfon-
tein, it employs over 40
people of whom 12 are
graduates, and has the
considerable scientific re-.
sources of the parent
company to call upon. *~

Chemical Resources
was previously of
AECI’s Fuel and Feed-

93

‘stocks Project, and has

developed a range of ad-
ditives for diesel and pe-
trol fuels. It is presently
negotiating technology,
for local production of
lube oil additives.

‘A number of sophis-’
ticated high tech additives
which up to the present
have been. i will
be made and marketed by
Chemical-Resources with
resultant savings in forex
and. improved technical
‘service.to‘customers:' *

Other product lines to
be developed “include
imining chemical and in-
‘dustrial surfactants and
‘corrosion inhibitors.

Dries Nieuwoudt, an
executive’ director of

AECI, has been appoint- °

ed chairman of the new
company and Peter
Gubb, managing director.

SOUTH AFRICA



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

BUTHELEZI CALLS FOR MORE LAND--The chief minister of KwaZulu, Chief Mangosuthu
Buthelezi, says that black South Africans should realize by now through the
experiences of Southern Africa, the political liberation can be meaningless if
it does not improve the life of ordinary people. Addressing about 5,000
people at Nqutu, Chief Buthelezi said the abolition of influx control laws
should be applauded. However, he pointed out that blacks should not be
deluded into believing that by rushing to the cities without any hope of
finding employment, they would solve their problems. He urged the government
to make more land available to black South African for occupation and farming.
Badly needed rural development could not take place if additional land was not
made available. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 19
Jul 86 MB] /12913

BAR COUNCIL TO ATTRACT MORE BLACKS-~-The South African Bar Council has resolved
to take stéps to attract more blacks to the law profession. Speaking at the
end of a two day annual meeting of the council in Windhoek, the chairman, Mr
H. Vilgoen, said it was essential to the healthy administration of justice
that more black people be attractad to the bar. He said positive steps would
be taken to accomplish this. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in
English 0500 GMT 20 Jul 86 MB] /12913

cso: 3400/295

72



SWAZILAND

MATSEBULA -IN EUROPE TO OPPOSE SANCTIONS
Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE in Danish 7 Jul 86 p 3
[Article by Mogens Kofod-Hansen: "Blacks Fear Sanctions"]

{Text] A minister from Swaziland is in Copenhagen and the Nordic capitals to
emphasize his government's fear about the serious "side effects" of the
heightened boycott of South Africa. :

The leaders of some of South Africa's independent black neighbor countries
breathed a bit easier when the leaders of the Common Market countries--because
of British and West German opposition--recently were forced to abandon the
plan--which was strongly supported by Denmark--to implement drastic new
sanctions against the regime in Pretoria. Even though the African leaders are
opponents of the apartheid system, they fear a total economic war against
South Africa because it would have devastating consequences for their
countries.

At any rate, in three black nations--which are totally or primarily encircled
by South African territory and which have no access to the sea and are totally
dependent upon cooperation with their white-controlled neighbor--there is
fear, despite the relief over EC's hesitancy, that the threat of expanded
sanctions still may become a reality. The countries involved are Swaziland,
Lesotho and Botswana. The latter, however, is careful in making public
statements in this regard.

Harmful Effects

The labor minister of the kingdom of Swaziland, former Foreign Minister
Mhlangano Matsebula, is presently on a circle tour of the Nordic countries in
order to awaken awareness concerning the problem. In Copenhagen, he has just
pointed out his government's deep fear about the situation in which his
country would find itself in case of a tightening of sanctions against South
Africa. He believes that Swaziland, as well as Lesotho and Botswana, are
prisoners of sorts.

A critical point is that an embargo against South Africa of the scope which
the Danish parliament has approved--including a prohibition against Danish
ships docking in South African ports--can have side effects which are damaging
for Swaziland's exports. The local representative of Swaziland, consul
Flemming Jorgensen, pointed this out in correspondence dated 13 May which was
addressed to the Foreign Policy Committee of Parliament. According to the
letter:

33



then replaced by the "stability" of the revolutionary regime, which is
maintained by force.

A serious error now being made in South Africa is the overall overestimation
by the "moderates" of their numbers. Just note the estimates on the strong
rise of rightist white politics compared with a clearly fading "moderate" NP.
Any other factions in white politics which can still be labeled "moderate" are
the New Republic Party, which is all but dead, as well as perhaps the right
wing of the PFP. The latter party's support, however, is decreasing to such
an extent that even if the right wing should join the NP it would not bring
about any significant increase in numbers.

However, it is particularly in non-white politics that "moderates" are
diligently sought, usually starting in parliament; and namely with the Labor
Party of the Coloreds and the National Peoples Party of the Indians. The
election results of 1984 showed how unrepresentative that party [sic] is of
the general political feeling among the two groups. There is no possibility
at all that even that percentage would be equaled if an election were held
now, simply because politics among Coloreds and Indians has radicalized
considerably since then. A search for "moderate" leaders among Coloreds and
Indians is truly an exercise in futility.

Whenever "moderates" are sought in black politics, it is of course especially
Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi who for the NP is the big fish that must be caught.
The Zulu leader then also made the right noises when Inkatha last week
requested Whites to reject the AWB. Inkatha said the "alarming" rise of white
rightist "extremism" is a serious threat to the future of the country. So far
Inkatha has been nicely soft-soaping Mr P.W. Botha. He could hardly be more
moderate" than by rejecting this "extremist" white organization. Immediately
after that, however, a plea is made for the release of the biggest black
radical: Nelson Mandela. Inkatha then also refers to the "brotherhood"
between Buthelezi and Mandela. With that, the cat was of course out of the
bag: Buthelezi and Inkatha are by no means "moderate" and are improbable
candidates for collusion with the government against both white "extremism"
and black radicals. Any further search among Blacks will yield nobody except
political nonentities.

This then is the power of the "moderates": a tattered NP, a few Coloreds and
Indians with almost no credibility among their own people and an almost total
absence of Blacks. The irony is that the very steps taken to strengthen the
"moderate" numbers are fanning the revolutionary flames. Each concession does
not make the "moderate" ranks grow, but rather those of the UDF and ANC. So
the "moderates" are actually constantly foiling their goal and driving up the
revolutionary fever by continually creating expectations which cannot be
fulfilled quickly enough. The "moderate" option is a myth. The longer it is
elung to, the longer South Africa will suffer instability and disruption.

13084
CSO: 3401/163

45



SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKAANS WRITERS CONDEMN STATE OF EMERGENCY
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 14 Jul 86 p 11

[Text ]

WINDHOEK — The painful path to libera-
tiop 57 physical, intellectual, spiritual and
embtional — is one that all South Africans
and Namibians will have to follow sooner
or later, whether they like it or not.

This message, delivered by Windhoek
Rrofessor Brian Harlech-Jones, found a re-
céptive audience at the annual meeting of
the Afrikaanse Skrywers Gilde here.

‘Wrestling with the conference theme
“The. Writer and Liberation”, the cream of
«the Afrikaans intelligentsia were debating
“the role of the writer in the turmoil in South
rica.
v'The guild voted unanimously to take a
sttong stand against the South African state
of emergency and to condemn any mea-
syres which restricted freedom of speech or
artistic creativity.
“A resolution tabled at the meeting — to
be conveyed to State President Mr Botha —
‘opposed any form of censorship and said
the emergency regulations: with their re-,
strictions on the Press, individuals and or-
ganisations, were smothering “the essential
exchange of opinions needed for the growth
of a healthy society and its culture”.

‘CUTTING EDGE’

Many of South Africa’s leading Afrikaans
writers were at the conference, including
Jan Rabie, Abraham De Vries, Fanie Du
Toit, Etienne le Roux, Doc Immelman,
Christo and Jean Lombard, Klaas Steytler
Jeanette Ferreira, Gerhard Totemeyer and
Lochner de Kock.

50

Professor Harlech-Jones, acting dean of
the department of English at the Academy
for Tertiary Eudcation in Windhoek, told
delegates that writers searched out the
heart and soul of man as very few other
disciplines did and that writers in South
Africa had already come to the “cutting
edge” of liberation and reconciliation in the
country.

Writers, indeed all people, would have to
be liberated from the “terrible baggage of
the past” and the “worn-out, dead, spent
things ‘which clutter up our hearts and
minds”.

It was doubtful, he added, whether the
present way of life in South Africa was
“worth defending for a moment” but the
struggle to a new way would be one which
would be a very painful experience which
would require an honesty so great that
“only God might support us”.

Many of the writers present at the five-
day conference showed great interest in the
current situation in Namibia.

FORBIDDEN THEMES

Local author Olga Levinson told dele-
gates that the territory was a “paradise”
for writers, irrespective of whether they
wanted to. write satire, liberation drama,
romance comedy or history, because Na-
mibia offered a rich variety of raw materi-
al in its history and culture,

Arguing that the territory is a writer’s
“hell”, writer and Swapo executive member



SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT URBAN MIGRATION POLICY CRITICIZED
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 18 Jun 86 p 4
(Editorial: "Concessions Under Pressure"]

[Text] The government's legislation to abolish influx control in a time of
economic depression and widespread riot situations must make any thinking
person wonder whether the government still has any idea at all of the
implications of what it is doing. There would have been complete
understanding for a decision by the government to intensify influx control for
the duration of the depression and riot situations. A flow from the country
to the metropolitan areas in a time like this will naturally exacerbate both
situations. Unemployment is already at an unprecedented high level, and there
is no prospect that it is going to improve within the foreseeable future. The
reasonable expectation is that the depression is going to get worse. The
riots have assumed a scope surpassing all expectations. And they do not show
any sign of abating either; as a matter of fact, the contrary.

Blacks who are going to move to the. cities from the country will probably give
up reasonable housing in an environment where there is social stability and
the possibility of food supply in a spirit of helping each other. There will
not be housing in the urban black neighborhoods, and the inevitable result
will be that squatter towns will quickly spring up like mushrooms. There is
no social bond and no accepted authority in such concentrations of people from
different regions. They are the easy prey of riot fomenters who exploit the
the economic and social evils for political goals. The current riots at
Crossroads and other squatter towns in the western Cape are an object lesson
of what can be expected in squatter towns which will arise in the present
circumstances. In addition, it must be assumed that the government has to
regard squatter towns as an evil and therefore will have to provide
alternative housing as quickly as possible. That will have to be done at the
expense of the taxpayers, who already bear too heavy of a burden. And the
government already cannot afford its budget of expenditures from its revenue.
To undertake an extraordinarily large housing program in such economic
circumstances is unthinkable.

From all these considerations the conclusion is unescapable that the

government's deeds, such as the intended lifting of influx control, are not
occurring on the basis of well-thought-out policy, but merely under pressure

46



EMIGRATION AVERAGING 40 PERSONS PER DAY

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 17 Jul 86 p 4

[Text]

19317
CSO: 3400/282

SOUTH Africa is now
losing an average of near-
ly 40 people a day — most
of them joining the so-.
called “chicken run” — as
political and financial in-
security continues to take
its toll.

The latest -official fig-
ures released by the Cen-
tral Statistical Services
show that in the first four
months of this year the
country suffered a mass-
ive net loss of citizens of
2 157 — with emigration
of 4760 outstripping im-
migrant totals of 2 603.

This compares with the
corresponding period of
last year, when there was
anet gain of 5 011 people,
on immigration figures
totalling 7959 and emi-
gration figures totalling

> Foavism figures for the
period also continued to
show a massive drop of
more than 50 000. In the
three months this’ year
215 635 foreign’ visitors
arrived compared with
268 563 i in the period last

Official quarters in Pre-
toria are perturbed about
the high percentage of
professional workers
leaving for good on one

75

way tickets.”

Nearly double the num-
er of people in the various
professions left in the four
month period this year —
758 compared with 423
last year. In comparison

some 409 professional ,

workers arrived as imini-
grants in the period —
compared with 1 046 last

year.

Of concern for the fu-
ture is the fact that the
country lost nearly 1 800
young people in the pro-
cess as, their parents left
this year — 685 pre-
school children and 1 114
student-aged children —
compared with 380 pre-
school and 576 studentage
children last year.

‘In the period this year
the loss of engineers was

162, compared with last”

years 122; 27 doctors and
dentists compared with
19; 79 accountants (21);
95 educationists (42); and
395 in other professional

categories (219): ”
The total loss of not
economically active

people in the first four
months of the year was
2 807 compared with last
years, 1 674.

SOUTH AFRICA



—— street lamps and weed-

“The more you give and have been rejected
them, the whore give! ing Johannesburg city by the welfare depart-
burn,” Mrs Swanepoel! pared job. eal ment for benefits. The
said ‘of 22 months of| ramene. P family Income is a
black anti-apartheid er " | R180 disability pension
unrest. ' The Government allo- ; She receives -because

But among many whites cated R600 million for . She suffers chronic em-
battling to get by, poli-' or nationwide * pro: physema.
tics appears to be a —
less ecuming issue open to all races, The a hil athe tiny yard,
than for wealthy white ! payisRiSaday.  _| shed, is a black
liberals, with their din- The Barnards don’t have domestic servant’ and
ner party debates. _ @ black servant. But | “her two children.

In the Barnard family — ! some other poor whites “ :
nine people spanning do, living in shared “I need the native girl. I
three generations liv- economic degradation, ‘don’t pay her anything,
ing in a sparsely fur- with the social divi- |, but I would if. could,”
nished three-bedroom sions dictated by race Mrs Lombard said.
house — political ques- ‘ still firmly intact. “She’s prepared to
tions draw little re- Mrs Magdelena work just for the room.
sponse. a Lombard’s 54-year-old She gets porridge and
; husband, a former -other food from her

Mr Frederick Barnard, ' i nd their son, church, If I haven’t got
33, last worked when ! house ‘painter mith anything, she shares
he had a three-month matric, are out of work ered with me.” —

stint this year painting

Whites Doing Unskilled Jobs
Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 13 Jul 86 p 12
[Article by David Sandison]

[Text] One hundred years ago they dug for gold. NOw they're digging
to survive.

Descendants of whites who flocked to Johannesburg in the gold rush a century
ago are digging up dirt in Joubert Park for a Government hand-out of R5
a day.

The "poor-white problem"--a phenomenon associatdd with the Great Depression
of the 1920s and 1930s--is back to haunt the 1980s.

In Johannesburg's pale winter sun a group of about 50 men wield picks,
load wheelbarrows and dig trenches. It's not what they are trained to do
or want to do. But it's a job. After months of unemployment, at least
now they can take home a few rands and know they'll eat that night. If
they have a home.

As the recession bites deeper and the number of unemployed soars, the
Department of Manpower started a State Relief Scheme. Part of the ‘scheme's
R600 million has been given to local authorities to employ some of the
jobless thousands on a casual basis.

Johannesburg City Council has employed 2500 people of whom about 200 are

whites. They queue up at pick-up points in the grey dawn, are collected
by municipal transport and taken to work.

85



SOUTH AFRICA

TREURNICHT COMMENTS ON AWB
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 10 Jun 86 p 9

[Article from Cape Town by Gerhard Burger: "AWB Conducts Its Own Affairs, Says
Treurnicht"]

{Text] The Afrikaner Resistance Movement's [AWB] organization and methods of
conduct are its own responsibility and.will be judged in the light of .the
Christian National freedom aspiration of the Afrikaner in particular and of
the Whites in general. This is the opinion of the leader of the Conservative
Party [KP], Dr Andries Treurnicht, who says there is no question of his party
being taken over by the AWB. DIE VADERLAND approached Dr Treurnicht . in
connection with reports that the. rally at the Voortrekker Monument indicates
that the KP is being taken over by the AWB. His opinion on this is:

"It is obvious that what happened at Brits and Pietersburg has focused the
spotlight .on the AWB. Mr Pik Botha and Dr Jan Grobler have made their: own
contribution to that. There is a deep feeling of anxiety and alarm among many
Whites about the political course of the government, because it is disastrous
for the freedom of Whites. People ask everywhere what the common voter.can do
to make known and demonstrate his opposition to the course. Demonstrations at
political gatherings are one of the methods that people are considering.
Challenges and provocative conduct of ministers and other Nationalists
contribute to the emotion at such gatherings. The KP has repeatedly said that
it is opposed to fighting at political gatherings--whoever causes or occasions
it. In the light of the talks between members of the KP caucus and Messrs
Terre'Blanche and Groenewald from the AWB there is no question of the one
organization being taken over by the other. If a party is being taken over,
it is the National Party."

"The AWB is -not a political party and thus does not move in the sphere of the
KP. Its : organization and methods of conduct are completely its own
responsibility and will be judged in the light of the Christian National
freedom aspiration of the Afrikaner in particular and of the Whites in
general. "The KP is an established, growing political party. It has a well- .
considered.iand fundamentally justified political policy which with the
greatest candor it has already submitted to the judgment of the white voters
with increasing success at by~elections. As a political party, we are
building up an organization through recruitment of members, constituency

- 40



NOTICE: Please be advised that
no report was published in this
series under the number
JIPRS-SSA-86-063.

JPRS-SSA-86-085
15 AUGUST 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS
ANGOLA
New Institute for State Administration Created
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 12 Jun 86) ..scseeecceceerercercesceeee 1
Minister Gives Analysis of Coffee Production
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 11 Jun 86) .scccccceeceececececececeees 2
Dos Santos Approves Resident Foreign Workers Statute
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 5 Jun 86) .cccceccccccerecvcccccccecese 4
Diplomatic Corps Visits Soyo as Guests of SONANGOL
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 7 Jun 86) .csccececececcccneccscnceceee 6
Briefs
Antonio Russo Visits Malanje 7
ETHIOPIA
Preparations for Offensive Against EPLF Described
(AFRIQUE NOUVELLE, 28 May 86) ..ccscsecsceccececcccversces 8
Government Approves SIDA Study of Villagization ©
(Peter Bratt; DAGENS NYHETER, 1 Jul 86) ...sseeeeeeeeeeeee 9
PRC Researcher on Cooperation To Control Desertification
(XINHUA, 7 Jul 86) .cccceeccccnscccccrecccecccresceneeeess 11
GAMBIA
Briefs
Gendarmerie Established 13



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

COLORED, INDIAN SECURITY VOTE--It should not be surprising that the three
houses of parliament are divided over sensitive legislation such as Minister
Louis le-Grange's new security law. As a.matter of fact, there are members
sitting .on the Council of Representatives who have firsthand experience with
the enforcement of detention laws. Yet we want.to plead for the Colored: ‘and
Indian councils not to judge the matter on an emotional. basis only. They can
make a very important contribution precisely because they can look at this
affair from the perspective of population groups other than that of the
Whites. However, it isnot enough just to, reject..the. proposed measures. <The
measures:-; are intended to help handle.a difficult situation of unrest. That
situation, will not improve if the new measures are just thrown overboard. . The
important :.,thing. is whether the two councils can thencome -up with ‘workable
alternatives or amendments... [Text] [Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans
6 Jun 86 p-12] 13084 : ;

FUNDS FOR. BLACK BUSINESSMEN--Johannesburg--The Chamber .of .Commerce and
Industry of Greater Soweto [KHNGW] and Barclays National Bank have established
an investment ..:trust .fund to furnish black entrepreneurs with financial
assistance ;.and training. This announcement was made by the chairman of the
KHNGW, Mr Makana Tshabalala, and the managing director of Barclays National
Bank, Mr’ Chris. Ball. "The KHNGW has long -been..looking for ways that would
enable its members to fully participate in the economic growth, and we are
particularly enthusiastic about this new undertaking," Mr Tshabalala said. Mr
Ball said "Barclays has actively committed.itself to.the development of black
enterprises and regards this joint undertaking as a natural way to cooperate
with the Soweto Chamber : for the purpose .of helping black businessmen."
According to Mr Tshabalala, the objectives of the, trust fund, which will be
known as the Soweto Investment Trust Company Ltd.,.are as follows: to channel
funds into black. enterprises in order to develop. black. entrepreneurship;to
ereate an opportunity for Blacks so that they can. share in the development of
commercial and industrial projects. [Text] [Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in
Afrikaans 10 Jun 86 p 23] 13084

REPORTED RENAMO OFFICE--The government's investigation of reports that: the
Mozambican resistance movement, Renamo, has opened an office in Durban must be
welcomed. Since the Nkomati Treaty was concluded nearly two and a half years
ago there have been several accusations by Mozambique that South Africa is

63



AWB TO TRAIN CHILDREN IN USE OF FIREARMS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jun 86 p 10

[Text]

/9317
cso: 3400/281

AFRIKANER Weer-
standbeweging sources
confirmed yesterday that
comprehensive plans are
being drawn up by the
AWB military wing, the
Boere-brandwag, to train
women and children in
the offensive: and de-
fensive usc of firearir <.

It was established that
the man. masterminding
the plan is a former now
retired, senior Security
Police officer, lieutenant
colonel Arthur Cron-
wright, who is now farm-
ing near Louis Trichardt.

However, col Cron-
wright — when reached
by telephone — refused
to discuss the plans over
the telephone “I never
speak to the Press unless
it’s face to face,” he said.

The colonel was well
known in the police as a

formidable interrogator
who extracted confessions
‘out of a number of Left-
wing radicals.

Nor was the leader of
the AWB,Mr Eugene
‘Terre’Blanche, available
for comment.

However it was con-_

firmed that special
“camps” were being set
up to teach children and
women how to use fire-
arms — and the plans are
not only to teach children
over the age of 10 this art
but also to arm them.

A report in a Sunday
newspaper, confirmed by
AWB sources, said Col
Cronwright was drawing
up a master plan to
“make South Africa safe
from terrorism” and
thatspecial horse patrols
were being planned to pa-
trol the country’s borders.

49

SOUTH AFRICA



SOUTH AFRICA

HEUNIS REVEALS PLANS FOR BLOEMFONTEIN DEVELOPMENT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Jul 86 p 4

[Text]

THE rapid urban growth
that has taken place in
South Africa. since the
Second World War, has
meant that a new ap-
proach had to be followed
to ensure more effective
co-ordination —_ between
the various Government
bodies and agencies.

This was said by Mr|
Chris Heunis, Minister of
Constitutional Develop-;
ment and Planning when‘
he released details yester-3
day of a guide plan for th
development of Bloem-
fontein and the surround-
ing areas.

The plan indicates that
township developments
are to take place in the?
Bloemfontein area at The
Grange, Cecilia, Kwagga-
fontein, Koppie, Fulda, ;
Uitvlugt, Rooidam, Kel-'
ly’s View, Swartjan, Die
Viakte, Brandkop, Ber-;
gendal, Strathem,  Rib-.
blesdale, The Hope,
Mooihoek, Deales. Gift,
Lilyvale, Bayswater, Hill

View, Dan. ” Pienaar;+
‘Noordhoek, Waverley,
“Westdene, -. Brandwag,-
Hilton, Universitas, Wily
lows, Wilgehof, Fichardt-,
‘Park,’ Hospital Park,!

General De. Wet and.

:Bloemfontein district.
: Development ‘is also:
provided: for ‘in Bloem#
fontein’s Black townships,
;of ". Batha, Bochebela,:
“Heidedal, ° Phahameng;’
“Manguang, Kagsanong
“Rocklands 4 Roe

Jands 684.
1. Smallholdings for resi-«
dential use are at Hope;
Valley, Bloemdal, The,,
‘Hope Orchards, Ferreira,
Bainsviei, Helena, Hou-,
Moed, Marianna, Mooi!
alakte, Valencia, Haarte-
beesfontein, Radnor.
* The plan" democtates}
‘agricultural “holdings at!
‘Leeuwberg, Kolber 1538; 4
~ Kolbe A 1954, Paradys:
2832, Sydenham and;
Driehoek. ©

More agricultural holds
ings ‘are at isvi

Danielsrust,  Turflaagte;
Liege ' Valley, Klipfon-
‘tein, Balguhidder, Van-
Zyl’s Dam and Welvaart.

‘The guide plan. area
covers land that lies'with-
dn the areas of jurisdiction
Of four local authorities
— Bloemfontein, Manga-
ung,’ Bainsvlei and
\Bloemspruit.
3. The ‘recreation areas,
large open spaces and.
“nature aré&s indicated in
"the non-statutory .1975
‘guide plan, should be re-
j tained: as such -and the
range of hills on the farm
,Kwaggafontein ‘to the:
fwest of the city are to be
‘retained as an. open space
‘or nature.area:” :

* Routes for future main-
y power lines should as far
fas: possible’ be - placed
within the éxisting power.
Pfine servitudes and if not
(iken th care should be

taken that ‘new routes do.
‘not’ spoil the + environ
-ment, the plan says.

19317
CSO: 3400/288

98



Our correspondent heard similar opinions from other peasants regarding their
hopes for the success of the present rice campaign.

Marketing Progpect¢

Whereap the agencies connected with production are etruggling to create the
conditions for the development of rice farming, those connected with the
Domestic Trade Ministry have underestimated thie effort and are not providing

much gupport for the marketing process. '

All the family producerg contacted by our correspondent had produced a surplus
in the previous campaigns,

“Where did this surplus go?" we asked.

Some of them had tried, through certain consumer cooperatives and private stores,
to barter the gurplus rice for articles which these establishments had avails
able for this puxpoge.. However, because the available articles were not what
they wanted or becauge the prices established for the bartering process were

not to their advantage, they chose to store the rice or send it elsewhere,

For example, in the Macuti Consumer Cooperative, one of the few cooperatives
that attempted to take part in the marketing process, our correspondent learned
that, in the 1984/1985 campaign, the cooperative was sent suede shoes, manufac=
tured in Mozambique and priced at 1,639.50 meticalg.

In exchange, the producer paid 50 kilograms of rice (the equivalent of 800,00
meticalg) and the rest in cash, according to the regulation in effect, confirmed by
by AGRICOM [Agricultural Products Marketing Company] official for this city.

“Well, the producers did not agree with the exchange rate, and preferred
to hold on to their rice," diz potirce paid.

He added that the exchange items mopt gpought after by the peasants were bowls,
trinkets and various notions.

Another problem in the previoug campaign was that these articles arrived too
late, "Most of the items had to be sold for cash or they would have stayed
on the shelves forevery" the speaker added.

Expectations for Current Campaign

The present marketing campaign faces perious problems unless the competent
gtructures solve the problems that arose in the distribution of and payment
for the rice produced last year.

According to one of the merchants contacted by our reporter: “At the start

of the campaign, armed with credentials from AGRICOM, we went to TRADIMEX [agency
which supplies merchandise for bartering purposes] to acquire, for cagph, the
items included on the ligt of articles to be bartered for rice. As stipulated,
we would gell these articles, receiving half the value in cash and the other
half in barters. Later, the rice was sent to the hugking plant for processing.

23



MOZAMBIQUE

BPD OFFERS FINANCING TO SOFALA’S STATE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Jun 86 p 8

[Text] Ninety percent of the state agricultural sector in Sofala Province
is receiving credit from the People's Development Bank, according to informa-
tion given NOTICIAS a few days ago by the bank's branch manager, Evaristo

de Abreu. According to that official, this sector has, from one year to

the next and one crop to the next, become increasingly well organized and
made quantitative and qualitative leaps in production, which makes ‘it an
outstanding example of economic development in the province. °

Besides the state agricultural sector, which excludes sugar and cotton pro-
duction, the People's Development’ Bank is granting financing to various pro-
duction cooperatives and to individual and family enterprises, when the
latter are organized into an association.

"Credits to these sectors are closely related to attracting savings, or in
other words without savings, the credits may not be committed," our source
added.

It is therefore of primary concern that bank employees increasingly provide
incentives to the people to save.

According to Evaristo de Abreu, the BPD in Sofala grants two types of cred-
its: investments for building infrastructure and purchasing materials and
equipment, and credits to cover current operating expenses. These credits
are either short, medium or long-term.

According to the Sofala BPD branch manager, of all the sectors financed by
this bank, the state agricultural sector, 90 percent of which receives BPD
credits, has consolidated its debts from year to year.

"It has made qualitative and quantitative leaps in its organization from
harvest to harvest, and today it is an important economic pillar in the pro-
vincial economy," he indicated.

Cooperatives: Encouraging Results

Although the cooperative production sector still faces some organizational

difficulties, it has also registered rather encouraging results and the BPD
has played an important role in reorganizing it.

19



NAMIBIA

WINDHOEK CHURCHES TO FORM NON-POLITICAL LEAGUE

MB260959 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0951 GMT 26 Jun 86.

[Text] Windhoek, 27 Jun SAPA--A group'of Windhoek church nénibier's have -
decided to form a non-political league of churches because they said ‘they’ were

~ ‘dissatisfied with the direction adopted by the Council of Churches in Namibia
[CCN] which earlier this year sponsored a meeting of church and political
leaders.

A spokesman for the new group, Mr George Yates, said church members were
dissatisfied with the affiliation of their churches to the Con~sponsored —
meeting which issued a document known’ as the Ai-Gams ‘declaration. an

The Ai-Gams meeting comprised various groups; taotudtiig SWAPO; ‘who’ favoured’
immediate and unconditional impleméntation of United Nations Security Council
Resolution 435 (1978), concerning SWA/Namibian independence. *

Mr Yates said some church members were particularly concerned about ‘a’ document
detailing an action programme, reportedly drafted by the “Ai-Gams meeting.

According to the document implementation of UN Resolution 435 shoul:
attained through mass strikes, boycotts, stayaways,.a campaign to end ‘military
conscription and refusal to pay for licenses and other forms of civil
disobedience.

. . 5
Mr Yates said members of the new group ‘could not identify with the Ai-Gams
meeting and congregation members were ot’ consulted before the’ Ai-Cans
declaration was accepted. , o OD
Earlier, members of the central Methodist church in Windhoek criticised the
Methodist district synod for accepting the Ai-Gatis declaration. a
They were unhappy that Ai~Gams was linked to political parties, ‘Ancluding
SWAPO, they said last week.

A statement by the Methodist synod said the declaration was not binding on any
member and did not imply political affiliation to any party.

The synod had fully debated the topic and had concluded that UN Resolution 435
was the only path to an early settlement of the SWA/Namibian dispute, and was
also clearly in accordance within the wishes of the majority of the people in the
territory, the statement said.

/8309

cso: 3400/305 31



SOUTH AFRICA

SADF CONDUCTS INTENSIVE SECURITY TRAINING FOR BLACKS
Pretoria PARATUS in English Jul 86 pp 60, 61
[Article by L Cpl D.R. Kneen]

[Text] Almost 1 000 Black men graduated as Law Enforcement Officers at
a parade held at 21 Battalion, Lenasia, on 2 May this year. This brought
to an end 12 weeks of intensive security training for the candidates.

Municipalities from all over the country had recruited men to take part in
Project Octet SADF training adapted to meet the needs of police work,

Altogether 985 men completed the course which included practical training
in musketry and marching and theoretical training in Criminal Law and
first-aid.

Course instructors were recruited from Training camps and thus the training
undergone by the men was similar to that done by National Servicemen during
basic training.

The trainees were divided into companies and platoons with a random
cultural and language mix. A vote was taken and the trainees decided to
receive instruction in English.

A canteen was started and visitors were received by the trainees every
weekend.

Sport was also encouraged and the trainees could compete in a number of
sports, from boxing to volleyball. An inter-company sports day was orga-
nised and coloured 'T' shirts were printed for the competitors in each
company.

The highlight of their training however, was their graduation parade,
which provided them with an opportunity.to display their marching skills
and for the best students to receive their awards.

Addressing the parade, the guest of honour, Mr Tom Boya, Mayor of Daveyton,

said that the trainees were "not going out to enforce people to obey the
laws but to convince them to abide by the law."

. 55



,.. , SOUTH AFRICA

CAUSES OF CROSSROADS VIOLENCE, DISCUSSED

MB190433 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2132 GMT 18 Jul 86

[Text] Cape Town, 18 July SAPA--The United Democratic Front's [UDF] tactical
alliance with the Crossroads community backfired on the popular Front and
contributed to the recent violent conflict between the militant comrades and
conservative vigilantes, the “Roots and Realities" conference was told today.
This was said in a paper entitled "Crossroads" presented by. Miss Josétte Cole
at the "Western Cape Roots and Realities” conference hosted: by the centre for
African Studies at the University of Cape Town.

Miss Cole, a researcher at the Surplus People's Project, traces the roots of
the 1985-86 Crossroads crisis in her paper and highlights the major causes for
conflict. "In Old Crossroads the community increasingly resembled a mini-
bantustan,” Miss Cole said saying the power structure in Crossroads was
similar to that of Transkei and Ciskei,

A top black affairs spokesman, Mr Timo Bezuidenhoud and the Minister of
Cooperation and Development, Dr Piet Koornhof are the main actors in this
phase whose influence within a few months has the “profound” effect that the
squatter leadership displays “petty bourgeois aspirations."

Miss Cole observes that an alliance between “liberals” and the Crossroads
community had a significant influence on the consciousness of the squatter
leadership. The influence of the bourgeois ideology madé the leadership
vulnerable to the reformist initiatives of Dr Koornhof during the course of
his negotiations with the community in 1979,” the paper said.

In contrast to this "the complexity of the Khayelitsha issue and the
stratifications within the black townships and squatter communities were not
openly acknowledged or discussed within the ranks of the UDF,” Miss Cole said.

/12913
cso: 3400/296

73



&

MOZAMBIQUE

NATIONAL SAVINGS CAMPAIGN SEEN AS SUCCESSFUL
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 27 Jan 86 p 1

[Text] "Today we can say with pride that the first National Savings
Campaign was a success. It was given broad support by the people and more
importantly it enabled us to acquire valuable experjence. The initial
overall target of 5 billion meticals was surpassed by 13.6 percent." These
weré the words of the president of the Board of Directors of the People's
Development Bank, Joaquim de Carvalho, when he spoke Saturday at the
ceremony officially closing the campaign which ran from 25 September 1984
to 25 September 1985. The event was held at the Caju da Machava in Maputo.

Joaquim de Carvalho reported that the increase in time and sight deposits
between September 1984 and September 1985 was 5,663,411,000 meticals.

"Instead of declining, normal deposits rose by more than 375 percent over
estimated figures," Joaquim de Carvalho said, and added: "However, deposits
in the form of savings bonds were only 23 percent of estimates; people
preferred to open demand deposit accounts once the campaign began, because,
with the current situation in the country, they needed to have cash always
available to meet needs that might arise."

In reporting on the campaign, the BPD president pointed out that without
investment there could be no development, and without savings there could
be no investment. It is important to mobilize savings, particularly in our
country's current state of affairs without the financial resources to meet
the many needs .of the national economy. Savings also helps reduce surplus
money in circylation.

The BPD has promoted activities to encourage savings since it was founded,
including adjustments to its management system at its main office and
branches, activities to teach the people how to use a bank, and moves to
extend and revise the banking network and simplify the type of deposit
accounts and their use.

It has been noted that although the role of banks in the country is generally
understood, this understanding is still insufficient. The amount of
deposits held by the BPD went from'10.2 billion meticals when it was first
started to 24,8 billion in 1984. By then, the percentage of deposits by

25



The foundation and its
subsidiaries would devel-
op criteria and priorities
to handle their respective
functions and would “‘ad-
dress real problems in
South African society.”

Mobil would be con-
centrating on program-
mes which were designed
to bring about structural
reform in the Black edu-
cation system.

“Underlying _these
structural reforms is Mo-
bil's belief that the crisis
in Black education is one

of people and not of infra-
structure,” said the bro-
chure.

Central to the problem
is the issue of unqualified
and —_-under-qualified
teachers. Eighty percent
of teachers in Black
schools fall into these cat-

19317
cso: 3400/288

egories, according to the | vided R40 000 a year, was
brochure. the running of “winter
Frustration schools” in several
“The result is a vicious centres. It provided a fur-
circle of frustration and ther R40 000 annually for
inadequate advancement weekend educational sup-
for both teachers and pu- port programmes.
pils.” It provided R350 000
In response to the need towards social bursaries
to develop teachers, Mo- for 150 Black students
il played a major role in studyi it universitie:
developing TOPS (Teach- and technikons. °
er Opportunity Program- * Contributiog
mes), which aims to offer . So far Mobil’s contribu-
an inservice’? training - tion to Black education
programme to Ip had bee: milli
under-qualified teachers. lye Riailion 8
Mobil has so far con- "” Demonstrating i
; far ig its com-
tributed R1,25-million to mitment to continued
TOPS and there are now operation in South Afri-
30 units, involving about ca, Mobil is erecting a
3 000 people. new headquarters build-
Mobil also supported a ing in Cape Town. The
number of programmes company will move into
for disadvantaged school the new building in Feb-
children. One such pro- ruary next year.

gramme, for which it pro-

91



ANGOLA

DIPLOMATIC CORPS VISITS SOYO AS GUESTS OF SONANGOL
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 7 Jun 86 pl

[Text] On Friday, the representatives of the diplomatic corps accredited to the
People's Republic of Angola visited the petroleum facilities of ‘the municipality
of Soyo (Zaire Province) at the invitation of the National Fuel Association
(SONANGOL) .

They visited the Kinfuquena terminal, the Pangala (onshore) field, and the Kwanda
base, which serves as backup for the activities of the companies. operating the
Angolan offshore blocs I, II, and III, namely, Agip, Fina Petroleos-Angola,
Texaco, Elf-Aquitaine-Angola, and Espa; the latter being a mixed company with
Angolan and foreign capital.

The Kinfuquena oil terminal, with a capacity of 800,000 barrels, receives daily
the production from (offshore) bloc II, and from the onshore fields, totaling
nearly 40,000 barrels.

Moreover, the Pangola field which also produces gas, supplies approximately
6,8000 barrels of oil per day.

As for the Kwanda base, the project includes the construction of infrastructures
to back the activities of the oil companies and to render services established
in this region; and it is also aimed at the socioeconomic development of the
municipality of Soyo, in the various areas.

This same base, built between 1979 and 1982, includes. several warehouses,
approachable docks, residential areas, and social services, among other things,
and its cost amounted to tens of millions of dollars.

The visit is part of a program devised by SONANGOL.for the purpose of informing
the diplomats, "on the spot," of the realities of oil production in Angola.

During the next few days, the members of the diplomatic corps will visit the
Central Petroleum School and the oil facilities of Matongo, located in Kwanza-—
Sul and Cabinda Provinces, respectively.

2909
CSO: 3442/261



PFP WARNS AGAINST PRIVATELY ARMED GROUPS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 15 Jul 86 p 4

[Text]

19317
CSO: 3400/282

CAPE TOWN; —" The
lack of Government ac-
tion to Prevent: ‘the proli-:
‘feration of private armed”
groups, particularly those:
politically motivated, was:

‘condemned by the Pro-"

ys
Mr Ray Swart, a PrP’
law’ and order spokes-’
man, said a complete re-!
Ivision..of legislation af-'
armed

fecting pri
was, thy
feeded, Te
Mr Swart made the call:
after’ revelations ‘at the’
weekend that:.the quasi-'
military wing of the Afri-i
+ kaner-Weerstandbewe-
ging, the Boere . Brand-
wag, had a “master plan”.
which — included ~ giving
youths firearms training. «:
A spokesman -for the?
Ministry of Law and Or-{
der said the Boere Brand-'
wag was not breaking the;
law. However, he ap-'
pealed to anyone wanting

74

to help to. maintain law
and order to join the
police reserve.

He said there was also a,,
junior - police reserve,
which youths could join.

‘The “master plan” was‘
,Fevealed by retired secur-
‘ity policeman Colonel Ar-'
‘thur

Cronwright.
© Col ‘Cronwright fell

‘under the “international
‘spotlight im 1982 as the of- ;
‘ficer in charge of the in-:
iterrogation - of trade’
lunionist Mr Neil Aggett,)
who died in detention. 4

An inquest found Mri
Aggett committed sui+
cide.

Mr : Swart said the.
Boere Brandwag fol-;
lowed» dangerous pre-
cedents set by similar
groups in:Europe in the:
1930s. 4 F
* There was a prolifera-
tion of private organisa-"
tions that were arming

themselves. — Sapa. =“:

SOUTH AFRICA



CAPE TOWN UNREST DEATHS--Cape Town, 20 July, SAPA--A child of seven was among
93 people who died of gunshot wounds during unrest in Cape Town last year.
Researcher Dr J.P. Duflow of the University of Cape Town reports in the MIDCAL
JOURNAL that the age of the subjects he investigated was "cause for concern.”
The average age was 23.1 years, but 12.2 percent were under 15 years old, he
wrote. More than a third of those killed in unrest had been shot more than
once, and eight percent had been shot four or more times, he said. Of the six
who died in non-unrest situations, only one had been shot more than once.

Most wounds of those who died in unrest were on the back of the body, Dr Dflow
said, with 54.8 percent of injuries in that area, 11.6 percent in their sides
and 33.6 percent in their fronts. The majority of the shotgun injuries had
been inflicted from more than 15m away, but 13.7 percent had been inflicted
from a range of 4m or less. Shotgun wounds were more common than any other,
and 39.4 percent of casualties from “unrest situations" had been shot with
birdshot only. A United States researcher, Dr A. Fatteh, had said birdshot
fatalities were extremely rare, but what he called "birdshot" was 1.3mm in
diameter, was fired from a small-calibre weapon, and could "barely penetrate
thin cardboard at 20." In South Africa, “birdshot" referred to lead pellets
between two and three millimetres in diameter, fired from a 12-gauge shotgun.
Buckshot pellets were between six and nine millimetres in diameter. [Text]
[Johannesburg SAPA in English 1803 GMT 20 Jul 86 MB] /12913

TUCSA OPPOSED TO POLITICS--The President of the Trade Union Council of South
Africa, TUCSA, Mr Robbie Botha, says he is opposed to trade unions becoming
involved in politics. Speaking at a seminar in Durban, he said responsible
unions were concerned with the employer-employee relationship and they should
confine their interest to areas where it was possible to achieve results. Mr
Botha regretted the divisions among trade unions, and said those on the right
did not realize there was no future in the artificial protection of jobs,
while those on the left made unrealistic demands. [Text] [Johannesburg
Domestic Service in English 1500 GMT 17 Jul 86 MB] /12913

CSO: 3400/296

80



ANGOLA

MINISTER GIVES ANALYSIS OF COFFEE PRODUCTION
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 11 Jun 86 pp 1, 12

[Text] Yesterday in Luanda, the Angolan vice minister of agriculture for coffee,
Caetano Joao, remarked that the current levels of the existing stocks on the
country's coast will cause serious problems for this year's export program,
when the price level on the international market is favorable.

Caetano Joao spoke on the occasion of the opening of the meeting to analyze
the figures on production from the 11th coffee harvest; an event. in which
national and provincial officials from the Angolan Ministry of Agriculture
associated with the coffee sector participated.

The technical-economic plan for 1986 calls for a production of 12,000 tons by
the state enterprises, namely, those in the provinces of Uije,. Kuanza-Sul,
Kuanza-Norte, Bengo and Cabinda, and the establishment of the estimates on
marketing levels for the peasants organized in peasant associations.

After commenting on the 1985 harvest, initiated by the Peasants Association of
Assango, in the municipality of Amboim, where a production of 311 tons’ of
commercial coffee was accrued, a figure considered higher than that originally
anticipated, the Angolan vice minister for coffee regarded it. as a success,
because it exceeded the initial estimates; and he urged that, during the next
120 working days, the main attention be directed toward the difficult work

of the agricultural workers on the farms and the peasants organized into
"EDAS" and associations.

The vice minister of agriculture for coffee said that the new decisions made
in this connection are aimed at lending a qualitative boost to the sector's
reactivation.

The. vice minister claimed that the recovery of the national coffee production
is very important, and constitutes an imperative.

For the current harvest, despite certain inadequacies that the vice minister
of agriculture guaranteed that they would overcome, it was ‘possible to ensure
burlap bags, batteries, and some tires for tractors; items that will aid in
transporting the workers and the coffee.



CONSULTANT SAYS NATION'S TRADE UNIONS JUST EMERGING

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN inp English 18 Jul 86 p 23

[Text]

ONLY 13° percent of
South Africa's economi-
cally active ‘population
has been uniontsea com-
pared with a’ European
average of 38,4 percent,
and countries such as
Sweden with up to 83 per-
cent. In international
terms, therefore, South
Africa’s trade —union-
movement is only just be-
ginning to flex its mus-
cles.

That's the view of Mr
Dave Gillam of T D Gil-
lam and Associates, in-
dustrial relations consul-
tants. Mr Gillam made
the comments at a semi-
nar in Johannesburg or-
ganised by the Federated
Hotel, Liquor and Cater-
ing Association (Fedha-
sa).

He predicted that in the
foreseeable future, South
Africa’s unionisation is
likely to go above: the

/9317
CSO: 3400/290

European average par-
ticularly as trade unions
remained for the moment
the only form of political
representation of a major
part of the population.

The trade ‘unions had
achieved an’ impressive
track tecord in recent
years with’ a record in-
crease in wages, on aver-
age of some 300 percent.
“They can also prove that
they haye saved jobs.”*

Their appeal to the
workers was therefore ex-
tremely seductive. It was’
estimated that Cosatu,
probably the most “Left-
wing” union, had some
1,5 million _ members.
‘Trucsa, which largely rep-
resented’ the . White
unions, had about 780 000

‘and. Cusa, which had

loose links with Cosatu,
about 48 000. The Inka-
tha Union, Uwusa, had a
claimed ‘membership of
60 000. °*

78

The fact that. these,
unions had different lean-
ings, and differences of
approach even within sin-
gle unions, made life ex-
tremely complicated for
the employer organisa-
tions: It was essential
however for management
to seek tangible, mean-
ingful communicatin with
the union members.

“This is paticularly true
of the smaller entrepre-
neur, who, until now, has
not really felt it necessary
to become involved in
dialogue,” said Mr Gil-’
lam.

He complimented Fed-
hasa for trying to be “‘pro-
active” in dealing with
trade unions members.
“In 1922 it took a national
strike to produce the In-
dustrial Conciliation Act
of 1924,

“T believe there are lots

of parallels between, 1922

‘SOUTH AFRICA

and today in the wide-
spread failure to become
involved in dialogue with
the unions.”

Mr Gillam pointed out
that the industrial court
was becoming _ steadily
more important as a
means of settling disputes
without resorting to strike
action.

Figures showed the
number of cases heard by
the court had risen from a
mere three in 1979 to 802
in 1985.

Most of the cases had
been brought by ‘em-
ployees. ‘There was a ten-
dency for employers to
ste the court as being bi-
ased towards employees.
Moves were afoot to have

* the court chaired by ju-.

dicial experts leaving the-
labour practitioners to ar-
gue the Cases.



SOUTH AFRICA

CHAMBER OF MINES PRESIDENT SEES STABLE GOLD. PRICE, POOR GROWTH

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 25 Jun 86 p 29
1

[Article by Madden Cole]

[Text]

ALTHOUGH the low-
er oil price means that
the immediate _ pro-
spects for a sustained.
tise in the gold price is
not favourable, a pow-
erful downward press-
ure on the price is un-
likely as a result of the
strong growth in the
West and Japan which
will stimulate the de-
mand for the metal,
says outgoing presi-
dent of the Chamber of
Mines Clive Knobbs.
In his presidential ad-
dress yesterday = Mr
Knobbs said the most
likely prospect for the
next year was that the

price of gold remain fairly

stable.

Commenting on the
outlook for the South
African economy, he
feels that the official fore-
casts of a 3,5. percent
growth rate this year was
based on hopes rather
than reality.

What scems likely is
that the negative growth
in the first quarter this
year will be repeated in
the second quarter as

/9317
CSO: 3400/163

well. Very’ high growth
will be nceded in the sec-
ond half of 1986 for the
country to achieve a nega-
tive growth rate for the
year as a whole.

Pointing out that it will
be extremely difficult to
pull the economy out of
the vicious cirelegof cur
rency depreciatioh and in-
flation; Mr Knobbs says,
however, the new stimu-
latory fiscal’ package
should act as an incentive
for further ‘initiatives
from the private sector.

It may improve confi-
dence in the economy
which may lead toa de-
gree of appreciation of
the rand and so help in
the fight against inflation.
~ Looking at the present
economic situation he
notes that parallels be-
tween South Africa and
the Third World have be-
come increasingly com-
mon in recent years, This
is especially striking in the
inflation rate “which con-
stantly seeks to emulate
the wretched perform-
ance of too.many devel-
oping countries”.

But an awareness of the”

constraints on policy op-

89

tions imposed by a high’
inflation rate has limited.
the authorities’ room to

“Manoeuvre.

Mr Knobbs points out
too that the impact on the
economy of the fall in the
domestic interest rates
and the drop in the oil
price has been ‘minimal
and after declining by 3

percent last year, private.

consumer spending has.
failed to respond.

‘As a result he expects
real fixéd investment may
decline even further in
1986, for without a suit-
able environment, entre-
‘preneurs cafinot be éx-
pected to embark on fixed

_investment projects which

would generate _ much.

needed growth and em-—

ployment opportunities.

In a review of the past.

12 months Mr Knobbs
said were it not for the ex-
cellent performance of
the mining sector, the cri-
sis which had developed
late in 1985 might have
proved calamitous. The
mining industry’s earn-
ings increased by 36 per-

icent to total a record of

R26 000 million.
He said the State Presi-

dent deserved support
and. encouragement for
his reforms and regretta-
bly the Government had
earned neither the respect
of the outside world nor
the’ thanks of its political
‘opponents.

Some meaningful ac-
|knowledgement — would
have had the effect of en-
couraging broader inter-
nal acceptance: of the re-
forms and further liberali-
sation, instead of the
pressures now being
exerted intefiially and ex-
ternaly which encourage
confrontation rather than
conciliation.

He feels that if such a
cenario is to be averted
then Western politicians
and businessmen should
now review their strategy
and their consciences in
relation ‘to sanctions and
disinvestment.

“Positive action is
needed among Western
nations ‘to’ support those
people of goodwill of all
races in South Africa to
ensure that one of the few
viable’ areas in an other-
wise tragic continent be-
comes a sugcess story and
not. an .epitaph,” Mr
Knobbs said.



SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK ROLE IN STATUTORY COUNCIL DISCUSSED
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 12 Jun 86 p 9
[article: "Black Statutory Council:--Set Table or Tender--Government's ChoiceTM]

[Text] © The establishment of a black statutory council, .as annouriced by the
president, may possibly one day be noted as the most momentous starting ‘point
in our politics. That view, however, is subject to whether the government is
going to use the table-setting method or the tender [i.e., bid offer] method.
Professor Marinus Wiechers, of the Department of Constitutional and Public Law
of the University of South Africa, comes to this conelusion in an article. in
WOORD EN DAAD, the Reformative monthly of Potchefstroom. He refers to the
fact that the National Statutory Council-under the chairmanship of the state
president will consist of representatives from the government, the self-
governing -national states and other black communities and. interest. groups.
Depending on the creation of other structures jointly: stipulated’ for our
multicultural society, the council will give advice on matters of community
interest, including legislation. The setting up of the Statutory Council is
coupled with the reiteration of the proposal that Blacks may also be admitted
to the President's Council.

Professor Wiechers says: "The message from the president is.clear: to%create
bodies so that.Blacks aré also involved in the national political system in
order for them to start exercising more and more.say-about general matters.
This message obtains a larger content within the general policy of maintaining
democracy and’ preserving legal values.". However, ‘ the question deep in the
minds of most South Africans is whether this offer is going to de «really
successful and viable. ce 3 ae

The government can follow two courses. Firstly, there is the set-the-table-
and-invite manner of doing it. According to this, the government sets the
table and then asks the parties to sit down. The second method involves the
government determining the needs and then asking the parties to come up with
the most acceptable proposal for implementing a new dispensation. The ‘set-
the-table method has the advantage of the government visibly rétaining the
initiative and in this way being able to strengthen and even manipulate the
eonfidence of its voting public. There is the danger, however, that the
parties which have been invited will simply turn their backs on the table and
all its warmed-up delicacies, or that only a few trusted family friends come

57



SOUTH AFRICA

NEW CAPE POLICY APPROACH TOWARD BLACKS VIEWED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 26 Jun 86 p 18
[Editorial: "A Steep Path"]

What complexities the reformer in South Africa has to deal with is again
evident from what the administrator of the Cape told DIE BURGER in an
interview yesterday. He described the situation now that a new provincial
dispensation is coming, as a result of which the development of black
communities becomes the responsibility of the provincial government. The
scope of the task which starts next week for the Provincial Administration is
evident from the fact that 40 percent of all local black management boards are
no longer functioning in the Cape. In addition, there is extensive
backwardness of infrastructure and facilities in black areas which will have
to be given attention as soon as possible, and this in the midst of a weak
economic situation. Development boards in the Cape, which will be integrated
into the Provincial Administration as of 1 July, are afflicted with
accumulated losses and big budget shortages. The unrest in the country does
not make solutions any easier.

There can be no doubt that laborious work lies ahead for Mr Gene Louw and the
fellow members of his new Executive Committee, because they will have to try
to get the cooperation of Blacks who are continually under tremendous pressure
not to get involved in any government establishment. Nevertheless, what
offers hope for progress is the emphasis that Mr Louw is putting on
consultation with Blacks. He is putting a high price on the restoration of
confidence and cooperation between the authorities and those communities. He
talks of a period in which "there will have to be a lot of negotiating and
work on relations."

This looks like a healthy approach, actually the only approach, for the
tricameral parliament has shown that different groups can indeed work
together. The key to success has turned out to be negotiation and more
negotiation. Cooperation, however, cannot come from just one side. A heavy
responsibility also rests on Blacks not to reject the hand of friendship and
opportunity for a share in the say that they are offered. There will
undoubtedly be intimidation and victimization, perhaps even more that before,
but reasonable Blacks will hardly be able to ignore the broadening of
representation to them at the regional and provincial level. If, in
addition, the local circumstances of Blacks can improve with relative speed,
the cause of reasonableness must be strengthened.

13084
CSO: 3401/164 53



MOZAMBIQUE

ITALIAN GROUP FINANCES MAPUTO WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Jun 86 p 2

[Text] Three systems to supply water to the people in the communcal dis-
tricts of Maxaquene, Laulane and Ferroviario were inaugurated yesterday in
the city of Maputo. Attending the ceremony were Antonio Simbine, Maputo
support and control director, Federico Martins, director of the Maputo Water
Enterprise, Antonio Canino, the project head, other high officials of Maputo
Water Enterprise, and a large number of local people.

Each of the systems inaugurated yesterday has the capacity to supply 10,000
cubic meters of water an hour and has four public fountains, each with two
taps.

The construction of these systems was financed by MOLISV, a nongovernmental
Italian organization, working through the Department of Cooperation for
Development, which executed the project with the cooperation of the Mozambi-
can enterprises GEOMOC, HIDROMOC and Maputo Water.

Antonio Simbine, support and control director, who at the time was also re-
presenting the government of the city of Maputo, thanked the organization
for its aid, provided under a cooperation agreement guaranteeing a water
supply system so badly needed in that part of the city. He also,urged the
people to take care of the systems. a

“We are aware that this is not the first time the Italian Government has
provided assistance, and therefore, on behalf of the Frelimo Party and the
Mozaimbican Government we would like to thank you for your gesture of solid-
arity and assure you that we will do everything possible to maintain this
important equipment," he concluded.

Antonio Canino, the project head, said in turn. that he was pleased that the

work was completed and hoped that the people would take good care of the
equipment so that it could benefit the largest number of people.

9805/6662
CSO: | 3442/252

15



SOUTH AFRICA

NP'S '"MODERATES' THEORY CRITICIZED
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 18 Jun 86 p 2
("Perspective" column by Gawie: "Moderate Middle Group Is a Political Myth""]

[Text] The NP is increasingly making propaganda for a merger of "moderates"
against leftist Black radicals and rightist white "extremists" (sometimes also
ealled "reactionaries"). This division has become general in speeches by
ministers and NP MP's, and every now and then it also comes out in editorials
and commentaries of NP newspapers. Of course the assertion is that the
"moderates" will maintain stability vis-a-vis the rightists who will plunge
the country into a bloodbath or something horrible like that. Secondly, it is
suggested that the "moderates" are actually a sort of silent majority and the
rightists only a noisy small minority. If the "moderates" will merely stand
together, they will easily be able to beat off the attacks from both black
radicals and white extremists, it is alleged.

Both of these suppositions are conspicuously false. In the first place, the
"moderates" cannot maintain stability, as the NP's record over the past years
so strikingly shows. Riots which have now been going on incessantly for
nearly two years, a border war which has already been dragging on for years at
high costs and considerable loss of life, an internal onslaught of terrorism
which is clearly intensifying, and a situation of economic crisis coupled with
an impoverishing inflation rate are only the most important signs of the
current unstable situation. Just the past week the already unstable situation
tas further destablized by the government's inability to put security
legislation on the law book, due to opposition from its "moderate" non-white
allies.

The principal trait of the present government is probably the instability it
has caused in South Africa. Its unwise policy directions in almost every
sphere have brought an unparalleled sense of insecurity to almost every white
South African, which can only be improved upon. Everyone knows by this time
that the "moderate" option is also the option of concession. History, and
especially the history of Africa, demonstrates that almost without exception
the "moderates" have had to make room for the revolutionaries. The changes
put into process by the "moderates" eventually overtake them and overcome
then. The instability, characteristic of the "moderate" administration, is

44



SOUTH AFRICA

AVW PREPARES FOR ANNIVERSARY OF GREAT TREK

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jun 86 p 10

[Article by Keith Abendroth]

[Text]
THE Afrikaner Right- Santi
- . gE tures to justify the policy
wing body, the Afrika- of separate development,
nervolkswag, is . to he particularly deplored
spearhead a massive; the fact that Christians in
ongoing, three year South Africa were falling
long campaign to cel- prey to Communist
ebrate the 150th anni- Propaganda — and devel-
versary of the Great oping a “guilty _con-
Trek and to “reunite” scenes about the Black
are ponsolidate true” The leader of the
Pine fo the marathon AVW, Prof Carel
: celebration, to be , called on the
launched on October 10 delegates to find | or
this year, were discussed evolve a central emblem
in depth at the anmial ta signify te importance
congress of the AVW, He also Sounced th
which was attended by he enonutive of th at
more than 200 delegates bal deed to auand 2
from throughout the RIS 000. _t0 o the
country, at the Willem wth Of ack ot f ner
Prinsloo Agricultural Mu- a si ton the
scum éast of Pretoria. Gra Tek
Patron of the AVW, ea .
“pottie” Pot. Dr J Duvenhage said
oon IM patti’ Pot that there were definite
Africa and the world to Paralicls ved by ne
recognise the example set ‘Afrikaners which led to
Pace hundreds of years by the original Great Trek,
“separate” and. “dilfer and the Afrikaner of to-
4 ; - day.
Sar ppeomtes: saying tat In the 1830s they faced
achiev if tot the decision and took it to
lowed the pattern have “a rebellion on
Quoting Pa ain 4 wheels, a revolution with-
uoting copiously an out guns”.
fluently from the scrip- 8
/9317

CSO: 3400/281

48



GOVERNMENT PROGRAM TRAINS 50,000 NATAL JOBLESS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Jul 86 p 11

[Text]

19317
csO: 3400/282

v
DURBAN. , *— About:
50 000 unemployed
people in Natal have been
trained in various trades °
since last year as part of
the Government's relief
aid programme for the
unemployed, Dr Piet van
der ‘Merwe, Director-
General. of the Depart-
ment of Maripower, said
yesterday. .

Speaking at a function
at the Building Industries
Federation of South Afri-
ca .training centre, ‘Dr
Van der Merwe said it
had cost the'Government
R14,2 milliori to train the
unemployed in Natal and
of the 50 000 people who
received . training, , be-
tween 25 percent and 30
percent, obtained. a liveli-

1. rr cD

“For the present finan-
cial year 25 contracts
were entered into in Natal
to train more than 30 000
unemployed people. This
amounts to R12,4 million.

“Of the 59 boroughs
and townships throughout
Natal, 56 have embarked

77

on a total of 319 projects
to the value of R9,5 mil-
lion. ’

“One of the largest of
these projects was under-
taken by the Pietermaritz-

burg , municipality. i This =

involves .the ‘canalisation
tof the Baynes Spruit for,
1;2kmn in order to make
land available for cottage-
type industries “and re-
creational areas for all
population groups. ¢? *.

“Of this project the
workforce employed for:
the last six months ranged
between 1 085 and 1756
unemployed persons.

“In “KwaZulu projects
to the value of R13 mil-
lion'* were | undertaken
since “1985 in the interest,
of the local community.

i s the combat

tions; .?the...cleaning, of
towns, ‘clinics:and hdspi-
tals, the ‘maintenance of
roads,; the establishinent
of fire ‘wood plantations
arid food aid to unem-
ployed persons,” he said.
—Sapa, ~~:

planta- ‘

SOUTH AFRICA



"Painful"

DAGENS NYHETER asked: "Does this mean that the previous Swedish effort in
Arusi is now going to be halted?"

"Yes, it does to some extent, and that is painful. We are of two minds
concerning much that is happening in Ethiopia. We have expressed very
critical views to ministers and others concerning the relocations. We are
worried by the fact that such a large share of the state's expenditure is
going to the war in Eritrea and Tigre.

"But there are also constructive features. Corruption is rare, and relief aid
is getting through. I am optimistic concerning the setting of grain prices in
the future, because both the World Bank and the EC are applying pressure.

"But we are always aware, of course, that everything could be so different,"
says Carl Tham.

The question is the extent to which the government itself is responsible for
the destitution in Ethiopia. The FAO's chief in Ethiopia, Hans Dall, has said
in the past that unregulated food prices would make relief aid for Ethiopia
unnecessary by 1988.

11798
CSO: 3650/262

10



SOUTH AFRICA

EDUCATION MINISTER GIVES OPINION ON PEOPLE'S EDUCATION
MB150654 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 15 Jul 86

[Text] The minister of education and development aid, Dr Gerrit Viljoen,
says if the so-called people's education campaign’'is a drive aimed at greater
participation by communities in the management of education and at greater
involvement by communities in educational content then it deserves to be
given a further hearing.

Addressing the congress of the Afrikaanse Studente Bond [ASB--Afrikaans
Student's Union] at Potchefstroom, Dr Viljoen said that this kind of educa-
tion would be totally unacceptable if it amounted to revolutionary education
which promoted violence and chaos.

Dr Viljoen said that it could be rightly || expected that the content of
education if it was found responsibly and scientifically would take account
of the history, endeavor, values, and traditions of a particular community.
[as received] He said that communities could hardly live together in peace
if their educational systems were one-sided or if they presented prejudiced
or distorted images of one another.

At its congress, the ASB decided to amend its constitution to provide for a
policy of community involvement. The president of the ASB, Mr Marthinus
van Schalkwyk, said that the young South African was called to become
involved in the changing scene of a broader South African community.

/6662
CsO: 3400/277

52



BLACKS

Need To Support Border Farmers Defended
(Editorial; 17 Jun 86) ..

Arab Funds Helping Muslim Community Construction
(Ina Schaum; BEELD, 19 Jun 86) .....

Refugee Office Reports Influx From Mozambique
(DIE BURGER, 26 Jun 86) ...

Briefs
Colored, Indian Security Vote
Funds for Black Businessmen
Reported Renamo Office

Inkatha's Dhlomo Comments on Ending Apartheid
(SAPA, 21 Jul 86) ...cceececececcceccccecceccecseceeeeeees

CRG Reports Rent Boycott Spreading to 28 Townships
(THE CITIZEN, 18 Jul 86) ......ccecceesccccceveesceceeeees

Columist Reports on Buthelezi's Waning Popularity
(Patrick Laurence; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 4-10 Jul 86) ........-

Inkatha's Dhlomo Praises Buthelezi
(SAPA, 21 Jul 86) .........

Briefs
Buthelezi Calls for More Land
Bar Council To Attract More Blacks

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Causes of Crossroads Violence Discussed
(SAPA, 18 Jul 86) ....ceeceeccccecccecccceeeeeceeeeeees

PFP Warns Against Privately Armed Groups
(THE CITIZEN, 15 Jul 86) ...scccsccccccceeccsecccucceecccs

Emigration Averaging 40 Persons Per Day
(THE CITIZEN, 17 Jul 86) ..ssscsecescsvccccescceececcesses

Colored Teachers Withdraw From Government Structures
(THE CITIZEN, 17 Jul 86) ..ccescccccccccccccccccececeesees

Government Program Trains 50,000 Natal Jobless
(THE GITIZEN, 18 Jul 86) ....ccecceceecccccccerescceeeeees

Consultant Says Nation's Trade Unions Just Emerging
(THE CITIZEN, 18 Jul 86) ...cseccececevcccecccuccceccceccs

-da-

59

60

62

63

63

65

67

68

70

72

72

73

74

75

76

77

78



But if the stakes are high for Botha
they are no less so for Buthelezi.

There is evidence that Buthelezi
faces a critical choice: he must either
enter the national council and bargain
for power in what Botha refers to as
the “new South Africa”, or he must
throw in his lot with what the ANC
calls the “people’s struggle”. ,

Judging from opinion polls, taking
an independent third line is rapidly
fading as an viable political option.
Surveys show Buthelezi’s power base
is eroding.

In 1977, the Bergstraesser Institute
in Germany found that Buthelezi was
easily the most popular black leader in
South Africa. He was then considered
to be a true leader by more blacks than
any rival claimant, obtaining twice as
many affirmations, as a genuine
national leader than Mandela.

But in the newly-published
“Disinvestment, the Struggle and the
Future”, (Rayan Press; June 1986).
sociologist Mark Orkin reports that
support for Buthelezi and Inkatha has
dwindled to eight percent among
urban blacks — against 31 percent for
Mandela and the ANC and 14 percent
for the UDF and radical groups ©

Even in Natal, Orkin found that
Buthelezi and Inkatha no longer
commanded support from an overall
majority of urban blacks. In the PWV:
area, support for:Buthelezi and,
Inkatha dropped from 28 percent in,
1977 to five percent last year, Orkin.
found. Lif oe a

Soweto-is today potentially hostile!

territory for Inkatha, as. one of:
Buthelezi’s cabinet ministets, Steven
Sithole, implicitly recognised: on
Sunday. When he stood.up to bow.and”
acknowledge cheers from. the crowd,
his shirt and jacket lifted to reveal a:
pistol tucked into his belt.

If continued pursuit ’:-of an
independent third course appears to be.
highly risky for Buthelezi, entry into
the national council, and its implied.
compromise with Both; ertainly:
not without its political petit Be

/9317
CSO: 3400/284

‘As Shula Marks has ‘written in a
penetrating analysis of Zulu.
leadershipiin 20th century. Natal,
while support for Buthelezi, both in
Natal and South Africa generally, has
“at times. been high, it:has not been
unconditional. . Oe

“Like? (King) Solomon, «~his
popularity is directly dependent on
not being seen to be too closely allied
to the white power block.” : t

Buthelezi can, of course, make a
different choice: he can theoretically
‘join, of tejoin, the ANC-led, “people's
‘struggle’. eh oes ps ae
! Sone‘observers, however, say shat;
rapproachemient with the ANC 'is no
longer possible. They argue that: too.
| much bittériess has accumulated, that
itoo much blood has been spilt. -

But they may be wrong. There is
obvious acrimony, even hatred,
i between the exiled ANC leadership
: and Buthelezi. But Mandela appears to
‘have d more pragmatic attitude and he
‘could - help. bring about a
ixeconciliation. .

The Eminent Persons Group
reported of Mandela: “He did not
conceal his differences with Chief
Buthelezi, and he was conscious of the
divisions which had arisen among the
black community. Nevertheless, he
twas confident that, if he were to be

released from prison, the unity of all
blacks, including Chief Buthelezi,
‘could be achieved.” °

As Buthelezi has set the release’ of
“Mandela as a condition-for joining the.
‘national council, the possibility that a
‘freed Mandela may persuade him not:
{to do so cannot be dismissed. = >

Tts corollary, that of Mandela.
affecting a reconciliation between
‘Inkatha and the ANG t wertge
“talking” amicably to 9 in’
31979), also cannot be rejected.
2 One certainty in 4 ‘complex - and
“changing situation is that Buthelezi is'a
stough and astute politi¢ian, and, ‘t»
“quote Marks again, “it would: be!
+ unwise to underrate his capacity tu

‘manipulate the elements of ambiguity,

in.the current and coming struggles”. :

69



However, ihe processing plant, which was to pay us for the rice and later dis-
tribute the processed product, refuged to pey us, claiming a lack of funds,"

In fact, in our contacts with the processing plant and, later, with the Supply
Company, we learned that, as of this writing, about 70 tons of rice, still
unhulled, ig still at the Supply Company, where it was transferred because
the company took respongibility for making the payment».

However, the merchants are still waiting to be paid what ig owed them. "Aside
from this controversy which has already caused so many headaches, we don't

know where we are going to send the rice which we acquire in the future, because
the processing plant has alxeady advised us that it will not accept the product
and that we should deliver it directly to AGRICOM or to the Supply Company,"
said Augusto Luis, a merchant in Inhamizua,.

Augusto Luis and Joao Matias, both of whom are mexchants in Inhamizua, and
the 24 July Consumer Cooperative wexe the principal losers in the last marketing
campaign. ,

‘
It is noted. that the consumer cooperative ig still holding in its warehouses
about 300 kilograms of rice received during ‘the last campaign and it still
docs not know what to do with the rice,

6362
CSO: 3442/255

24



CRG REPORTS RENT BOYCOTT SPREADING TO 28 TOWNSHIPS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Jul 86 p 11

[Text]

RENT boycotts, some
of them as much as 20-
months-old, are taking
place in .28 townships
across .the country,
according to the “aca-
demic. community re-
search group (CRG)
based at Wits Universi-
ty.
‘The Urban Councils
Association of - South
Africa (Ucasa) . recently
reported that 32 com-
munity: councils and 3
had. col-
lapsed ‘because ‘rent boy-
cotts had climinated their
sontce of revenue for run-
ning the townships, the
CRG said in a report yes-
terday.

‘The current spate ‘of

rent boycotts date back to *

September 1984 when
residents of townships in
the Vaal Triangle op-
posed rent inereases an-
nounced by the Lekoa
Town Council and de-
manded the resignation of
town councillors.

/9317
CSO: 3400/284

‘The recession, rising in-
flation and _— increased
unemployment form the
background to the wide-
spread refusal to pay
rents. In the township of
Langa, near Uitenhage, a
recent survey: of-, rent
problems revealed that
nearly half the residents
were not paying rent sim-
ply because they: could
not afford to feed them-
selves.

“Forced to choose be-
tween an extra loaf of
bread a day and the necd
to pay approximately
R30, township residents
(in the’ Eastern Tran
vaal) have chosen to sati
fy their hunger today and
face the wrath of the
authorities — tomorrow,”
the report said.

The residents’. probleni
was made worse by Gov-
ernment reforms to the
system of local govern-
ment that linked political
self-sufficiency to finan-
cial self-sufficiency. New-

ly-formed’ town councils
relied heavily on rent in-
creases to finance them-
selves and this resulted in
the mushrooming of civic
associations formed. to.
protest the increases and
demand the resignation of
councillors.

“Government . officials
have now conceded ‘that,
it was'a mistake not to
give the local authorities
resources of magnitude’,”
“the CRG said.

Rental reduction and
the resignation of coun-
cillors remained the two
most common demands in
the current ‘boycotts.

‘The report said that al-
though rent boycotts were
the most widespread form
of opposition to, apart-
heid, they were not the
products of a co-ordi-
nated national campaign.

They began at different
times in response to local
conditions. ~-

For example, in Mame-
lodi, the rent boycott be-
gan after 13 people

67

SOUTH AFRICA

when police di
rent “protest march.
Port Elizabeth, the rent
boycott was called to pro-
test against a number of
Government policies and
in ‘Tumahole, near Parys,
a boycott was sparked by

the failure of a local gov-
ernmeitt official to attend
a meeting called to, dis-
cuss rents.

In most cases, rent boy-
cotts were called by civic
organisations affiliated to
the UDF and the deten-
tion of civic leaders had
made negotiated settle-
ment of the boycotts diffi-
cult, the réport said.

It quoted a resident of
Mamelodi, near Pretoria,
as saying:

“The leadership is no
longer there and even
some of the street com-
mittee people have been
detained, so it is difficult
for people, if they wanted
to, to bring an end to the
boycott.”



SOUTH AFRICA

ARAB FUNDS HELPING MUSLIM COMMUNITY CONSTRUCTION
Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 19 Jun 86 p 12

[article by Ina Schaum: "Muslims Helped With Housing and Mosques--Arab
Millions Invested in SA"]

[Text] Millions of rands from Saudi Arabia are now being invested in South
Africa to help members of the local Muslim and Indian community with the
purchase of their own homes. As far as could be determined, 50 million rands
were involved in just the first part of the nationwide housing project.
However, that is just a drop in the bucket compared with the money still on
the way. As soon as certain "bottlenecks" have been cleared out of the way,
large housing projects are also going to be undertaken in the Orange Free
State with the money, BEELD has learned from an informed source. According to
the source, there is great interest in the Indian community in expanding their
business interests into the Free State.

The renewed interest follows right on the heels of the recent signing by
President P.W. Botha of legislation which lifts the long-standing ban on
Indians settling in the Free State and northern Natal. The Legislation on
Affairs Concerning Admittance to and Residence in the Republic (Law 53 of
1983) must still be promulgated in the State Gazette, a spokesman for the
State Printing Office in Pretoria said. In spite of the legislation and the
recent proclamation by the minister of constitutional development and planning
that free commercial areas are now possible nationwide, only one application
has been received from the Free State for such a free commercial area,
according to that department. That was from Welkom. There has also not yet
been any application to declare an area in the Free State as a group area for
Indians.

According to what has been learned, the foreign economic injection comes from
a wordwide welfare organization, Rabita, which has its head office in Riyadh,
Saudi Arabia. The organization helps not only with housing projects, but also
with large endowments for the building of mosques in the Muslim world.
Several mosques in South Africa were built with the aid of the organization,
among others those in Soweto, Lenasia and the Gray Street Mosque in Durban.

The latest project to benefit from the large Arabian Rabita organization is
the Indian residential area of Barkerton at Springs. About 100 homes at Nigel

60



Joaquim Chissano declared that the basic objective of the institute which was
inaugurated yesterday is to train highly qualified diplomats, technically and
politically, capable of conscientiously defending the economic and political
interests of the People's Republic of Mozambique, as well as the foreign
policy principles of the FRFLIMO Party in the international arena,

“The task of this institute is to train diplomats with a political education
that will ensure their conscientious engagement in the tasks of building social-
igm and in the practice of internationalism, a knowledge of the political,
economic and social realities of our people,“ the foreign minister added,

Headquartered in the nation's capital, the Higher Institute of International
Relations will function temporarily, for a little over 2 years, in one of the
faculties of the Eduardo Mondlane University, until its facilities on Avenida
Julius Nyrere can be expanded to house more students. The 5~year course, which
is to begin next week, will start out with 50 degree candidates from the
Education and Foreign Affairs ministries and from the FRELIMO Party.

6362
CSO: 3442/255

ve

17



"Becausé of the political unrest in neighboring Mozambique, it is impossible
today to export goods via ‘Maputo, and exporters in Swaziland are totally
dependent on shipping opportunities via Durban (in South Africa)." Nearly two
months later, there has been no reply to the letter which, among other things,
requests that contacts be made by Denmark with Swaziland "in order, by means
of discussions, to avoid unforeseen side effects as a result of an expansion

of the boycott" against Soiith Africa.

The Danish’ position may have contributed to the fear among Queen Ntombi's
ministers ‘in Swaziland's little capital, Mbabane, and among many of the
country's 688,000 inhabitants. ‘Their exporters now are looking for shipping
firms from other sea-going nations which can replace the Danish Lauritzen,
whose coal ships up to now have transported most of the country's fruit
exports--its most important source of currency--but which no longer may dock

at SouthAftican ports.
Serious Génsequences

If other countries implement the same strict course of action against South
Africa as Denmark is doing--something which Sweden and Norway have not yet
done--there will be serious consequences for Swaziland, both economic and
otherwise. There is fear in Mbabane, for example, that Pretoria would react
by terminating Negotiations--which have been under way for years and which
appear to be succeeding--concerning adding 5,120 square kilometers of land,
presently administered by South Africa but populated by Swazis, to Swaziland's

17,364 square kilometers of territory.

The ‘thought has been that Swaziland--which never has been a colony but which,
until 1968, was a British protectorate--would overtake the area, called
Ingwavuma, located between Swaziland's present eastern border and the Indian
Ocean, in order to obtain its own access to the sea. There would be a border
adjustment--discusséd since 1910--which would unite nearly all of the one
million members of the Swazi nationality. But with the increasing outside
pressure, it is feared that South Africa will not be willing to make conces-
sions of this or any other kind.

Swaziland is just one of the many countries in southern Africa which would
suffer under a drastic tightening of sanctions against Pretoria--irrespective
of whether the South Africans might act out of necessity or in retaliation.

During a period when black Africa is suffering from unemployment, it would be
a hard blow if South Africa--should it need to tighten its belt--were to expel
the 350,000 legal and 1.2 million illegal guestworkers from neighboring
countries, among others, 139,000 from Lesotho, 60,000 from Mozambique, 30,000
from Malawi, 26,000 from Botswana, and 17,000 from Swaziland--according to
official tallies, but reckoned in fact to be several times greater in number.

Great Dependency
In other areas as well, including more significant ones, the black neighboring

countries--including some of the militant "front line states"--will be hit
hard if South Africa's economy is seriously damaged by sanctions.

34



SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK INTERNAL STRIFE AT CROSSROADS DEPLORED
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 11 Jun 86 p 8
(Editorial: "Crossroads and South Africa"]

(Text] The riots ravaging the Crossroads squatter camp are both a bitter
irony and also symptomatic of what is happening today in the black community.
It is ironic that this large-scale devastation of squatters' huts is taking
Place just now after the government has come up with a new approach for
Crossroads and other squatter areas. Earlier it was the government's
bulldozers which exposed the squatter populace to.the bitter cold of the
winter without roofs. Now it is the squatters themselves who are doing it to
each other on a much larger scale--and also in the winter cold. The strife at
Crossroads, however, also reflects the realities of the situation of unrest,
which is not always understood, especially by foreign countries. Everything
is just held up as the government's fault--something that will cease if
"apartheid only disappears."

As we already warned some time ago, the victims of murder and intimidation--
mainly the older guard of Blacks--are now striking back. This is happening
throughout the country, although the strife does not always assume the same
proportions as at Crossroads. And the so-called vigilantes are striking back
with the same weapons and methods as those who call themselves comrades.
This, of course, cannot be approved any more than the violence by the
comrades. But it should be understood that the comrades will not relinquish
violence and intimidation if the vigilantes stop striking back--on the
contrary. And the question must be asked--although with the greatest
trepidation because of the implications--whether people who want to be law-
abiding can be expected to meekly submit to lawless intimidation and violence
without resisting, if it becomes clear that government protection cannot be
added.

In the meantime, the police have an almost impossible task. They have to
maintain law and order on both sides and run the risk of becoming the villain
in the story. What is now happening in the black community, however, is
trivial compared with what could take place after a unilateral ANC takeover.

13084
CSO: 3401/164

54



According to our source, the bank has been working specifically with the
cooperatives, giving these production units an accounting system which
enables the members of the cooperative to know the financial and economic
situation at any given time and help increase production with satisfactory
yields.

"To do this, some cooperatives have been making investments to achieve these
objectives," Evaristo de Abreu pointed out.

The private sector may also receive bank credit, both. to cover current
expenses and for investment in various fields of activity such as agricul-
ture and small industry (hotels, fishing, transportation and others).

Financing to this sector is based on Council of Ministers Resolution 11/80
which stipulates norms, the most important one being the one defining require-
ments for granting credits to individuals.

Pursuant to one clause in that Resolution, the credit must have material
coverage, which implies a quarantee of repayment.

With regard to this clause, Evaristo de Abreu said that credits had
generally been repaid in all sectors.

To control and monitor the credits, the BPD has workers in various credit
areas who monitor them from the time the credits are granted until they are
repaid, to ensure that they are being used correctly.

BPD's Role in Forming Associations

The People's Development Bank has not yet granted any credits to family
enterprises. However, its efforts to form ‘associations: of peasants, a re-
quirement in order for the bank to provide financing to individuals; are
well known.

"For the past two harvests, the bank has tried-to form associations of
peasants and has played an important role in moblizing the people," he said,
adding that the bank may assist associations in buying boards, farm tools,
and various means of production.

"However, the peasants must join together in associations for the government
effectively to support this sector thorugh the BPD," Evaristo de Abreu said.

9805/6662
CSO: 3442/252

20



19317
csO: 3400/301

‘The scheme. was initiated by the Department of;
Manpower last year to offer unemployed people ca-:
sual work at minimum payment. 4 i

‘The scheme draws thousands of blacks; some of}
whom sleep in queues to ensure employment.’ *’ |

“We are afraid whites will take our jobs,” sald one,
worker who wanted to remain anonymous. - ° ~

‘A messenger who passed a site at which whites
were working said blacks were experts at digging
trenches. ~ mr a
- “Whoever hired these whites to dig trenches does
not know what he is doing. I am sure he has never
seen blacks at work,” he added. ”

“Blacks resort to rhythm and blues when. digging:
trenches. They sing various tunes as they lift the!
picks above their heads and slam them into’ the’
ground, You do not dig a trench as an individual.”;

Songs such as “Chocholoza” had been composed.
especially for trench-digging. .

“T plead with the authorities to let blacks continue:
digging trenches, if they.want to have their job well
done and ,completed on schedule,” said the messen-
ger. |: : a begs

87



organization, information, putting up candidates and fighting in elections.
Our goal is to win at the polls through ioral persuasion in a democratic way,
to take over the government and carry thr’sigh the policy of partition. That
is our aspiration as a party, and wé reject violence as an ‘alternative
political method. As for the last-méntioned, the AWB declared that it agrees
with us; and there is thus no question of the highjacking of the party. The
KP is going forth with certainty in the political struggle and will persevere
in its endeavor to politically bring togéther all who cherish and want to
restore in a democratic manner the self-determination and freedom of the

Whites.

13084
CSO: 3401/163

41



ag
a

PHENOMENON OF INCREASING WHITE POVERTY EXPLORED

Middle Class Hit by Recession

Cape Town WEKEEND.ARGUS in English 5 Jul 86 p 4

[Article by Léster Venter]... |

[Text],

BEHIND the mortgaged.
doors of suburbia, ‘many

middle-class South Afri-
cans are living ‘in’ silent
desperation as the sagging
economy erodes their live-
lihoods.. Ment

‘The frightening reality. of
dest ion confronts many
qualified, hard-working and
successful white-collar. and
professional people as re-
trenchments and business
failures combine with a
shrinking jobs market.

Last year’s all-time high of
6 278 bankruptcies and judg
ments involving R101,8-mil
lion against businesses and
R564-million against consum-
ers who could not ‘meet debts

joints to personal traumas
hind the statistics.

Middle class values lead af-
fected people to hide their
hardship and the harrowin;
consequences of financial
straits have become their dis-
creet: agony.

Expensive cars are stand-
ing in driveways of owners
who no longer have money
for petrol.

i.” ” Eviction order |
Families ‘wait for the evic- |
tion ‘order that will follow
several months of unpaid
bond instalments on. a. house [
! that couldn’t be sold.
~.Food parcels are being. de-
livered quietly to two-garage.
homes. .
This:is often preceded by
: parents experiencing the pain
of sending a hungry child. off
to school. cye  g
Employment agency wait- }
ing room seats are occupied
by former. executives who: .
will often now be prepared to. ;
take any job. a
Relationships between hus- |
bands and wives, parents and 4
“childfen are being torn by the,
‘stress of financial need.
‘Family ‘violence, like
shocking assaults on young ;
children, is festering in homes
that believed themselves im- |
mune to such degradation.
These facts emerged from.
interviews with social work-}
ers, welfare officials, crisis:
counsellors, business spokes-*
men and retrenched people. ©

82

SOUTH AFRICA

{ “We have beén seeing a‘lot
of people under terrific
stress,” said a chologist at
“the Child Welfare ‘Society in
Cape Town.

“More ‘middle class, well-
dressed people are turning y
“at the hospital social worker's
!-door,” said Miss Yvonne Her-
ring, principal social worker
vat the Red Cross Children’s

Hospital. oo

|.» “The recession is creating
terrible stress and tension in
families,” said a Lifeline
spokesman.

“We are ‘gétting itiore calls
| from younger people asking if
we can feed them because
they can’t make ends meet,”

a Meals on Wheels or-
i ganiser. B
“We know of many. people
; — some of them our own
members — who are current-
fly living by their wits,” said a
member ‘of a ‘businiessmen’s
community organisation.

“Very bitter’

“I'm very, very bitter,” said
an out-of-work construction
manager with 23 years’ ser-
| vice who was retrenched re-

cently.



SOUTH AFRICA

NEED TO SUPPORT BORDER FARMERS DEFENDED .
Pretoria DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 17 Jun 86 p 16
(Editorial: "Security-Conscious"]

[Text] It is understandable that groups outside the agricultural industry
will start getting peevish about the enormous amounts of money that the
government is making available to the farming community these days in its
program of granting aid to that distressed business. The idea may take root
that government money is here being pumped into an apparently bottomless pit,
while the need is just as great in other sectors, with bankrupties in commerce
and industry also the order of the day. However, we must never lose sight of
the fact that agriculture is of strategic importance. Moreover, the latest
aid measures just announced by the government for the farmers in the northern
and northwestern Transvaal are also of particular significance for national
security. Then we are not talking only of extraordinary aid now being made
available for the first time to individuals to protect their lives and
property against attacks from terrorists.

Along with the agricultural community, DIE TRANSVALER appreciates the positive
effect the measures will have on the morale of our border farmers and the fact
that these measures will make them even more determined to remain on their
farms. It is necessary for our overall security strategy that these border
farms be inhabited. Also important is the fact that this gesture ought to be
an indication to everyone of the urgency to be security-conscious these days.

13084
CSO: 3401/162

59



The. interviews showed the
problem ‘is not widespread.
But it is being seen in social
brackets where it did not ex-
ist before — and it’s growing.

A Bergvliet businessman,
described as “very success-
ful”, had an income fully
committed to a large house
bond, car and other expenses. ,
Then his business collapsed,

“Soon he did not have’
enough to give his children a
piece of bread,” said a mem-

of a community organisa-
tion that took food to the
family for three months be-
fore the man found a job.

Others have not been so
lucky. o: i

A schools health worker
said under-nourished children
at middle class schools was a
recent phenomenon and the
incidence was “considerable”. .

An unemployed man, said
to have had a “high. income”,
was desperate to give his '
child the blazer her school in-
sisted on. !

But he could not afford it |
and was not prepared to tell |
the school that.

He turned, finally, to the
Department of Health and
Welfare.

Help themselves |

“By the time people come
to us they are really down
and out,” said the depart-

ment's assistant director for |
social services, Mr Frik Rus-
‘souw.. ‘
He said the slowly growing »
number of middle class peo-
ple seen by the department
‘try everything possible to
help themselves”.
“Such people do not easily
+ come for State aid.” aH
Head of the section for so-'
cial assistance Mrs Melani le
Roux said: “It is a deeply
troubled and despondent per-
son who comes to us, because
by that time he would have
made many attempts in vain:
to get an income. :
“They are not forthcoming;
they are tense, get excited,
-and sometimes evén aggres-"'
: sive” i “ .
The Department of Welfare
has a special scheme for vic-
tims of the economic reces-
sion.

+ One of the manifestations’
|: of recession stress that wor-
‘iries social workers most is.

the rising level of violence

that takes place behind closed:
suburban doors.

“A situation develops where
everyone works on everyone
. flse's nerves,” said a counsel--

i Child abuse

“Our child abuse statistics
have increased rapidly in the
past year,” said Miss Herring,

83

A psychologist at the Child
Welfare Society described a
‘recent case of a professional
consultant who lost his job
and was unable to find anoth-
er. .

His wife became the bread-
j winner of the famliy.

| “There was a role change
ithat was not spoken about,”
said the psychologist.

This led to the husband be-
ing beset by guilt — and the
wife by an anger that she did

‘not want to show because she
realised the situation was not
his fault.

* Marriages and relation-
ships with children, particu-
larly teenagers, break under
this sort of stress.

Counsellors say families in
crisis should discuss their
predicaments and children
should be made part of the
discussions and methods of
jdealing with the problems.

“The middie class has al-
ways been great at not show-
‘ing needs or feelings,” said
, the psychologist.

“What, in good times, is re-

irded as privacy becomes,

bad times, isolation.”

Reflecting the sudden
shock of loneliness and uncer-
tainty that has overtaken
thousands of retrenched South
Africans, one said: “I don’t
know what's around the next
corner.”



Development Department, to enable us rapidly and effectively to transmit
knowledge to the rural population, once the Rural Development Department can
send ‘teams into the districts to improve communication with the local people,"
Jose Alcobia told us.

As for support for the beekeeping program, he said that various agencies
and international organizations had provided aid either by supplying bee-
keeping equipment and teaching material or by promoting courses and arrang-
ing apprenticeships and fellowships.

According to him, support has come from the Swedish Development Agency (ASDI),
and the Embassies of France, Great: Britain and Portugal in Mozambique. With
Portugal, for instance, there are plans to take Mozambican beekeeping tech-
nicians to Portugal in the near future for brief apprenticeship periods.

Course in Zambezia

A beekeeping course is scheduled to start shortly in the city of Quelimane,
as part of the program to promote beekeeping throughout the country.

Jose Alcobia further said that the National Beekeeping Program is planning
to set up technical teams in 411 the provinces to monitor the development °
of beekeeping in each province, provide technical assistance, and promote
local basic courses.

Referring to the course to begin shortly in Quelimane, he said that it would
last 2 months.

“Like ‘the courses we held in Inhambane and Marracuene, the Quelimane course
will be supplemented by later apprenticeship periods and intensive practical
workshops, so as to train ‘the participants as completély as ‘possible. More-
over, as soon as we gather enough participants, a mini-course in beekeeping,
dedicated in the beginning to family beekeepers, will be held in Maputo at
the Agrarian Training Center. People can enroll in it already," Jose Alcobia
reported.

He also referred to a.project to set up two production units of beekeeping
equipment, such as gloves, suitable clothing. and hives which,°as Jose Alcobia
said, require special :care and must be carefully produced.

Jose Alcobia said that in view of the excellent flora in Mozambique for de-
veloping beekeeping, the National Beekeeping Program is essentially directed
at encouraging and training beekeepers.

"I believe that greater use must be made of beekeeping in Mozambique. In this
country, beekeeping is confined to merely exploiting honey and wax. There
are other products that can be derived from beekeeping. The bee is a hard-
working insect and we have to take advantage of its work, without destroying
or killing it," he said.

9805/6662
CSO: 3442/252

28



ANGOLA

DOS SANTOS APPROVES RESIDENT FOREIGN WORKERS STATUTE
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 5 Jun 86 pp 1, 12

[Text] The Angolan head of state, Comrade Jose Eduardo dos Santos, had the
Statute on Resident Foreign Workers, which abrogates the provisions of the
previous decree, published in the "Journal of the Republic."

According to the terms of the law, a citizen with professional scientific or
technical qualifications who resides in the RPA, contracted in the country to
engage in his professional activity, is considered a resident foreign worker.

In the event that workers without technical qualifications are involved, as the
law reads, their contracting -is regulated by the legislation applicable to
Angolan citizens, under the same conditions.

The law signed by the president of the republic states that the essential
requirements for contracting a resident foreign worker are that they must. have
scientific or technical professional qualifications attested to and acknowledg-
ed by the employing entity; they must not have given up Angolan nationality;
and they must not have benefited from schooling or training at the expense of
the People's Republic of Angola.

With regard to obligations, the law now published in the "Journal of the Repub-
lic" explains that the resident worker is obliged to render the services for
which he was contracted with complete dedication and discipline, expending his
best effort to develop his professional activity.

The fulfillment and execution of the orders and instructions of leaders and

of all the officials of the work center, as well as professional secrecy and
secrecy inherent in the service's production are also obligations imposed on
resident foreign workers.

Moréover , the resident foreign worker is subject to payment of taxes and levies
on the income from his work, and he is forbidden to engage in any political
activity on Angolan territory.

Insofar as his rights are concerned, the law promulgated by President Jose
Eduardo dos Santos provides that the resident foreign worker is entitled to



Afrikaner, that wants to give away his God-given heritage to a black superior
power. And it's Afrikaner fellow travelers who will have to be accountable
and make amends, because they are "selling out" the people. And in the black
residential neighborhoods the burning necklace is already demanding its
reprisal.

You can stir people up to fanatical action if you convince them that they are
fighting for survival and existence with their backs to the wall--and, to
boot, give them the impression that they are being wronged and oppressed. It
is with this technique that Terre'Blanche draws his thousands and makes Jaap
Marais and Andries Treurnicht take a backseat. And symbolically still to his
advantage, his name means White Earth. He cannot be outbid in extremist
patriotism or condemnation of the "black peril." He offers himself as the
champion of national survival against a government which has become powerless
to fight. It's a challenge to Nationalism as never before.

13084
CSO: 3401/165

43



Nevertheless, Caetano Joao said that, "The difficulties still continue with
the delivery of certain essential foodstuffs, involving the shortage of corn,
beans, and, primarily, dried fish."

Commenting on the present volume of the work force, Caetano Joao said that it
was obviously smaller than during the agricultural year of 1972-73; a year
when the "historic production" of exportable coffee was accrued.

He gave a reminder than, during the colonial period, based on the existing
information, nearly 160,000 workers were employed on the 2,059 medium and
small-sized plantations, and achieved the aforementioned historic production,
estimated at 3,931 60<kilogram bags.

However, in order to recover the aforementioned volume and to exceed it over
the long term, because the country is currently facing a war of aggression
which must be given priority attention, Caetano Joao stressed that the "emer-
gency program for reconstruction of coffee production" which is being ‘continued
included in its report some guidance for solving this problem.

According to the Angolan official, the workers’ living conditions "must be
improved so that, with better facilities, the workers may be able to be
assigned’ permanently to the enterprises."

He also commented on the fluctuations in the enterprise's work force, "in
search of better conditions, assuming that those conditions vary in the
same municipality."

In conclusion, the vice minister of agriculture gave a reminder that, "The
officials. must, above all, understand the needs. of the workers and subordinates;
because, by so doing, the officials will realize what must be done to meet those
needs."

2909
CSO: 3442/261



Inefficient

Reducing the overstaffed and "parasitic" public administration, large parts of
which are very inefficient, is going to mean facing up to structural problems.
Many jobs are quite simply the result of corruption—-a sort of reward.

SIDA and representatives of the Tanzanian Government have discussed the manner
in which Swedish aid will be adapted to the agreement with the IMF.

In recent years, more and more of that aid has been used for maintenance and
repairs and for the importation of fuel, fertilizer, spare parts, and so on.
Of the total aid to be provided during the next fiscal year, from 60 to 70

percent will be used to subsidize imports.

Tham did not conceal the fact that some of the previous aid from Sweden had,
if anything, made the situation in the country worse.

"The water program was too complicated technically and was a failure."

11798
CSO: 3650/262

37



MOZAMBIQUE,

CHISSANO OPENS NEW INTFRNATIONAL RELATIONS INSTITUTE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 2.Jul 86 p 1

(Text] The Higher Institute of International Relations, which will train diplo-
matic cadres from the Education and Foreign Affairs ministries or other sectors
whose activity is linked to foreign relations, was inaugurated yesterday morning
in Maputo by Foreign Affairs Minister Joaquim Chissano. The inauguration of

the institute coincided with the official opening of the first training course
for Mozambican diplomats; this is a 5-year course.

The ceremony was attended by Education Minister Graca Machel, Trade Ninister
Aranda da Silva, other members of the Council of Ministers, party and government
cadres aud invited guests, as well as the 50 candidates for the first course,
which will begin next week. During the ceremony, Joao Cuambe, Mozambican ambas-
sador to Zambia, was named director of the new institute.

Speaking at the inauguration ceremony, the foreign affairs minister noted the
importance of diplomacy in the peaceful settlement of conflicts,

Joaquim Chissano added that, in the past, various kings aud emperors, from
Rovuma to Maputo, knew how to take up azms when obliged to do so in defense
of their sovereignty and of justice, but they also knew how to settle their
conflicts by peaceful means.

The foreign affairs minister also referred to the role of Dr Eduardo Chivambo
Mondlane in the diplomatic and military struggle for the sovereignty of the
Mozambican people,

Chissano noted that the Front for the Liberation of Mozambique had always defended
the importance of diplomacy, of the peaceful settlement of conflicts and of
dialogue in the struggle for our country's independence, "Today, 24 years

after the founding of FRELIMO and 11 years after the creation of our state,

the party and Government of the People's Republic of Mozambique continue ito
defend these principles," Chissano said.

The foreign minister saw the emergence of the Higher Institute of Internationl
Relations as a result of the importance which the Mozambican Party and government
attribute to this area of activity, in light of their principles of peace and
justice.

16



ETHIOPIA

PRC RESEARCHER ON COOPERATION TO CONTROL DESERTIFICATION
0WO71222 Beijing XINHUA in English 1208 GMT 7 Jul 86

{[Text/ Lanzhou, 7 Jul (XINHUA)--China is willing to share its experience in
desert control with other developing countries, said a desert researcher here
today.. In an interview with XINHUA, Professor Di Xingmin, deputy director of
the Lanzhou Desert Research Institute, spoke of the trip of a Chinese delega-
tion to study deserts, just back from Ethiopia and Tanzania. "This is only
the beginning of such cooperation," he said.

Di was head of the six-member delegation, which worked in the two African
countries for over 2 months earlier this year at the request of the UN
Environment. Program.

The delegation found that about 40 percent of Tanzania's land mass was at the
initial stages of desertification. "The situation in Ethiopia is even more
grave, where only 3.4 percent of the land is covered with forests, compared
with 40 percent in the past," he said.

The Chinese scientists attributed growing problem of desertification in the
two countries to excess exploitation of natural resources and denuding of
forested hills.

"We have proposed to the UN Environment Program a series of countermeasures

for helping the two countries," he said. "These include planning for protecting
natural resources and control of land use, afforestation and building of
terraced fields for water and soil conservation."

About 334,000 square km, or about one-third of China's total territory, are
covered by deserts, Di said. They are located mainly in northern China.

"Like other developing countries, China suffers from insufficient funds, large
areas of desert, and a huge population," he said.

In the past two decades, the Chinese experts have developed some inexpensive
ways for desert and erosion control, including planting grass, bush, and trees
on the edge of deserts, setting up greenbelts on farmland, and planting grass
along highways.

il



ECONOMIC

/9986

Briefs
Technical College Group
FRG Greens End Visit
Cape Town Unrest Deaths
TUCSA Opposed to Politics

Regional Economic Interdependence Emphasized
(Johannesburg International Service, 21 Jul 86) ...ssseeeee

Phenomenon of Increasing White Poverty Explored
(Various sources, various dateS) .escceccecececcecccseccees

Middle Class Hit by Recession, by Lester Venter
Lining Up at Soup Kitchens, by Maureen Johnson
Whites Doing Unskilled Jobs, by David Sandison
Unskilled Blacks Fear for Jobs, by Mudini Maivha

.CSS Figures Predict Another Year of Negative Growth

(BUSINESS DAY, 10 Jul 86) vee eeeereeeeeceseeceeeceeeceesons

Chamber of Mines President Sees Stable Gold Price, Poor Growth
(Madden Cole; THE CITIZEN, 25 Jun 86) ...cccevcccccecceeers

Mobil Chief Spells Out Commitment to RSA
(THE CITIZEN, 15 Jul 86) ...cccccccccceccccees

High Interest Rates Blamed for Debt Problem
(THE CITIZEN, 25 Jun 86) ....scee0e

AECI Forms New Specialty Subsidiary
(THE CITIZEN, 24 Jun 86) .....00-

Pollution Problem Along Natal Coast Causing Concern
(THE CITIZEN, 26 Jun 86) ee eenceccecercccceccensesenceceees

Biyela Development Plan Seen as Small Farm Model
(Duncan’ Guy; THE STAR, 10 Jul 86) ...ccccecccecccscscevecce

Toll Road Could Boost Northern Transvaal Development
(THE CITIZEN, 18 Jul 86) w.ccccccccceccccvccscecscvccsecese

Heunis Reveals Plans. for Bloemfontein Development
(THE CITIZEN, 18 Jul 86) wsccseccecccccececcceeccceessennes

Briefs
Duduza Water, Sewerage Project Underway

79

80
80

81

90

92

93

94

95

97

98

99



genuine, they would recognise apartheid as the target and they would then
devise strategies to attack it and help equip its victims to triumph over it.
Any post-apartheid government in South Africa will need all the economic and
financial resources it can muster to redress the inequalities caused by many
decades of apartheid.” “A strong and vibrant economy will be a vital tool in
that process. We shall not have that kind of economy if we begin to destroy
it now under the pretext of fighting apartheid.”

The advocates of sanctions and disinvestment appeared to be eager to punish
the South African Government instead of encouraging and assisting it to
dismantle apartheid, Mr Dhlomo said. "Yet history has no examples of
totalitarian countries that became democracies as'a result of international
punishment. On the contrary we have the example of Adolf Hitler who rose to
political prominence mainly as a result of the international humiliation of
Germany after the Treaty of Versailles."

“Lastly, our Western allies will also have to realise that once sanctions are
endorsed by organisations such as the Security Council of the United Nations,
the Soviet Union and other Eastern bloc countries might never agree to ‘revoke
them unless a Marxist or similar government is installed in South Africa after
apartheid has been dismantled." . : oy >

: bah

He said: Inkatha suspected that the ‘destruction of the South African economy
through sanctions might give rise to a political system far more vicious ‘than
apartheid. | . ‘

It did not need proving that the destruction of South Africa through economic
strangulation might kill apartheid, but would also cause perpetrators and
victims.to die as well. .

“We have repeatedly warned...that it would be shortsighted to attempt to free
prisoners from a cell by bombing the cell. All our warnings have: been
ignored.” . "

/12913
CsoO: 3400/295

66



MOZAMBIQUE

t

BEIRA GREEN BELT FARMERS EXPECT RECORD RICE CROP
Maputo NOTICIAS IN Portuguese 3 Jul 86 p 1
[Article by A. Sitoe and E,., Paulino]

({Text] Just days before the start of the rice harvest in the green belt of

the city of Beira, the peasants, farmers and officials of the Office of Green
Zones estimate that the current harvest will be a total success, becauge a

record rice crop is expected in this city, As our correspondent in Beira learned,
however, the lack of support from the organs of the Domestic Trade Ministry,
which, in the last campaign, created very serious problems for the producers

and middlemen involved in the surplus marketing campaign, could discourage

future efforts by the rice producers if, again this year, the ministry does

not give due attention to the marketing issue»,

The involvement of Project IR-4 in the preparations for the 1984/1985 agricul-
tural campaign, in coordination with the Office of Green Zonep in Beira City,
made it pospible to drain, plow, grade and redistribute land to the peasants
according to the size of their families, thug creating the minimum conditions
for the real development of rice production in the areas surrounding the pro-
vincial capital of Sofalas

The Experimental Rice Station, which functions in Munhava, contributed greatly
to improving rice production by distributing seeds with @ relatively fast
growing cycle and high yield,

In the last campaign, this effort was not crowned with guccess, mainly because
the people had not yet perceived the importance of the works introduced in

thoge zones

At that time, the producers were still solely concerned with growing just enough
for their own needs, which meant that most of the land was not put to full

UE».

According to a source connected with Project IR-4, it wags necessary to work

very intensively with the peasants to get them to give up thig practice.
"Incidentally, one of the conditions we imposed in the redistribution of the
land was that it must be fully used, or the peasant would risk having hig acreage
reduced," the source said,

21



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

ANTONIO RUSSO VISITS MALANJE--The vice minister of agriculture, Antonio Russo,
paid a visit of several days to Malanje Province, heading a delegation of
ministers including the national director of agriculture for international
exchange, the-general directors of Angossementes and Dinama, and the coordi-
nator. of the EDA [Agricultural Development Enterprise] group. The purposes
of their visit consisted of an assessment of.the preparations for the new
agricultural year and. of the degree of fulfillment of last year's instructions.
Antonio Russo also visited two peasant associations on the first level, in
which he noted the success achieved by the peasants during the last agricul-
tural year, as well'as the state of organization and development in them. In
addition, he visited the livestock enterprise and the crop testing center.
[Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 7 Jun 86 p 3] 2909

CSO: © 3442/261



the people was 45 percent of the total, as compared to 30 percent in the
beginning. As for the number of accounts, by 1984 there were about 415,000
out of which 380,000 belonged to the people, more than in any other
colonial banks.

However, it was concluded that savings were not significant in comparison
with the volume of meticals still immobilized. So it was decided to do
away with the idea that savings necessarily meant opening and maintaining
the usual current deposit account.

The project for a savings campaign was approved by the General Staff of
the National Planning Commission on 13 July 1084, and preparations
immediately began.

"This campaign, which was launched in 153 branches of the Bank, rapidly ©‘
spread to over 228 savings funds scattered throughout the country, operating
in other banks, the Defense and Security Forces, services, cooperatives,
private and state firms and villages," reported Joaquim de Carvalho, who °°
added that “with this coverage, the BPD had operations in over 200 “~
locations in rural areas." Where it was either impossible or unjustified
to set up a permanent savings fund, mobile brigades were used. *

"Now that the groundwork has been laid, with a highly effective “campaign, P
it could be possiblé to meet the goal of 4 billion meticals through ‘the
campaign and one billion meticals through normal’ deposits, which would «
reflect a reduction in normal deposits," Joaquim de Carvalho went-‘on to’
say.

The BPD president said that now it was necessary to make sure that the
results obtained are strictly safeguarded. ‘

There were hardly any incidents during the campaign. The enemy barbarically
killed 12 citizens and wounded 3 in the village of Magare, Gurue, Zambezia,
stole 10 books of bonds in Niassa and destroyed savings funds” ain Luabo,
Morrumbala, Marromeu, Chemba, Moringue and ‘other places.

"Although these actions had some effect on the morale of some workers,
they did not constitute a reason to slow down the campaign, since it was
clear that these were actions perpetrated by the enemy of our revolution, "
Joaquim de Carvalho said.

The campaign demonstrated that the deposit certificate used was a convenient,
efficient and safe method, and that it could be used once the campaign was
over to attract savings.

Responsibilities are also increasing. "Today we are receiving many
requests to open new branches, especially in rural areas," Joaquim de
Carvalho said, and went on to explain’ that the campaign was not closed 12
months after its inauguration since in September 1985 the BPD was still
receiving requests to open savings funds.

9805/9190

CSO: 3442/252
26



BIYELA DEVELOPMENT PLAN SEEN AS SMALL FARM MODEL

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 10 Jul 86 p 13

[Article by Duncan Guy] '

[Text ]

Rural Africa could become ‘the domain of incom?
generating farmers, ‘selling their produce at the farm
gate, by following the:example of a remote kwaZulu
self-help scheme.

Biyela, covering 295 000 hia in the heart of Zulu-coun-
try in steep, mountainous terrain between Melmoth’
and Eshowe, is probably among the most extensively H
surveyed rural land on the continent." ~-

Its natural resources, marketing feasibility and’ :
the educational records of its 2300 families, each j
averaging six members, are among the statistics Te-'!
corded in a computer which can churn, out data to.
help small farmers.

Because of the hillinéss, the scheme,’ known as is the
Institute of Natural Resources’ Biyela Multi-Facet '
Rural Development Project, encompasses three cli-}
matic zones in its confines.

On the mountain tops, yearly rainfall averages’
1000 mm, but in the valleys below, ‘irrigation is re-
quired. Many of the slopes in between have gradients
of more than 13 percent — the limit. for arable land —
and a rainfall of about 600 mm.

The area is beautiful, decorated with Zulu kraals,
gum and wattle woods, cassias, poinsettia plants
and acacia trees. However, it has the social structure
of many South African homelands.

Many men are migrant labourers, lack of soil
conservation practices is tearing the land apart, the
illiteracy rate is high and the land’ cannot support
an ever-growing population... +

LITTLE NUTRITIONAL VALUE

Patches of rain forest that once covered 1 much of the
area now exist only in some valleys... -.*

Sour ngongoni grass dominates the countryside. Its
tufts help hold the soil together, but according to the,
institute, it has little nutritional value for cattle
and its toughness damages their teeth.

SOUTH AFRICA

aa So where does hope come into Biyela’s story?

*: The institute has proposed that Biyela’s people em-
‘bark on small-scale’ dairy, poultry, forestry, vegeta-
‘ble and stock-farming enterprises.

With. the financial ‘backing of private enterprise,
Aoans and advice are provided to the farmers and, so
ifar,:two chicken batteries have emerged with dairy
and vegetable enterprises on the way. ~

One poultry producer, Mr: Walter Nyandu, said he
had, made R8 000 from his hen unit which he estab-
‘lished, using’ a R? 000, loan: After buying the birds as
‘pullets, he sells therti for:R1,40 more as egg layers.

“T now have my fourth batch of-hens,”-he said
proudly. He added he was teaching five other people
_the skills needed in his business. .

* Another ‘chicken farmer, Mrs A Zulu, rears five
batches of broilers a year, earning R250 a year.

The institute has estimated that there Ss potential
for about 26 such broiler units in the Biyela area.

* Another enterprise.upon which Biyela farmers
ave gmbarked is dairy farming.

+." qIMBER PRODUCTION

Anew strain of pasture grass, known as KII is
believed'to be a promising substitute for ngongoni
grass and Jersey cattle have proved preferable: t.
Friesland,

The production of timber’ in Biyela is probably the
most ambitious of all the institute’s projects,

Used as firewood and building material, it.rates as
an important commodity for people in'the area.

Keeping in mind that gum plantations could pro-
vide people with viable incomes, the institute Tas

proposed that steep land that is ‘unsuitable for crops
~ be used for forestry.

“If the land owners combined to establish a com-
pany on 4000ha which, our studies show, is viable
for timber production, 400 jobs could be created,”
explained land-use planner Mr Ted Pollett.

“The owners of the company could. receive divi-

95



SOUTH AFRICA

CSS FIGURES PREDICT ANOTHER YEAR OF NEGATIVE GROWTH
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 10 Jul 86 p 1

[Excerpt]

REAL gross domestic product (GDP)
declined in the first quarter at a
startling annualised rate of 45% to
make government’s promise of 3%

growth for the year appear virtual]
unattainable. year apps TM of

Central Statistical Services (CSS) fig- :

ures released yesterday indicate that,
unless the economy can be swung around
in the next six months, SA will have yet
another year of negative growth.

The first-quarter decline was marked-
M4 steeper than the 2,3% annualised
figure estimated last month by the Re-
serve Bank.

Economists ¢aution, however, that the
GDP figures of CSS and the Reserve
Bank are not directly comparable and
that the Reserve Bank figure will not
necessarily change because of the softer
CSS report. Historically, however, the
two figures have been relatively close.

€S0:, 3400/288

But both figures point to a substantial
decline m economic activity.

According to CSS figures, GDP fell toa:
seasonally-adjusted level of R60,92bn for
the quarter — down 1,2% from R61,63bn
in the fourth quarter of 1985. .

Trade, catering and accommodation
services showed the sharpest decline
among sectors, dropping 6,1% from the
previous quarter.

Mining activity declined by 1,8%, The
wholesale and motor industries contrib-
uted to the overall decline.

A decline ‘in gold output levels, be-
cause of strikes and the mining of lower-
grade ore, also had a negative effection
economic activity. an

Economists said yesterday that. the
new report would not affect their growth
forecasts for the year, which now range
from 1% to 2%. Most said they were
expecting a’ flat or slightly negative
quarter-to-quarter. change for the second
quarter,

88



ETHIOPIA

PREPARATIONS FOR OFFENSIVE AGAINST EPLF DESCRIBED
Dakar AFRIQUE NOUVELLE in French 28 May 86 p 8

[Text] Ethiopian officials recently concentrated around 75,000 men, 150
tanks, and numerous pieces of ordinance in the Keren area of central
Eritrea (northern Ethiopia), according to a reliable source. According
to a Western business man, Soviet military advisors have also been present
recently in Asmara, the capital of Eritrea, where they have been seen
several times in the company of Ethiopian Army generals.

In well informed Asmara circles, there is speculation that the Ethiopian
army is either getting ready to launch a ninth antiguerrilla offensive

or is preparing to withstand another EPLF (Popular Front for the Liberation
of Eritrea) guerrilla assault. ‘According to a diplomatic source in Addis
Ababa, it would not be surprising for a new guerrilla offensive to coincide
with the beginning of the rainy season, which will make Ethiopian Army
helicopter and MIG support difficult if not impossible.

A government offensive last November and December reduced the guerrillas
fighting for independence to a tiny EPLF-controlled fringe in the north

of the country. However, as we reported in our previoue issue, on May 12
the guerrillas led an operation against two large jet-fuel depots in the
port of Massawa. According to a reliable source, 2.4 million liters of
fuel in one of the tanks were burned. There are also reports that 11 tank
trucks were destroyed between Massawa and Asmara. In January, the
guerrillas also launched a mortar attack on the Asmara airport where,
according to several concurring reports, at least seven Ethiopian MIG's
were destroyed.

The seasonal nature of the fighting should not be allowed to mask the
changes in the area. The population transfers, which have been heavily
criticized abroad, have reduced support for the guerrillas. They have
also cleared the way for larger scale military operations. In addition,
the peace talks between Somalia and Ethiopia begun last 7 May will probably
allow Ethiopia to disengage itself at least partially on its eastern

front in“order to focus its entire war effort on domestic resistance.

13014/9190
CSO: 3419/279



SOUTH AFRICA

POLLUTION PROBLEM ALONG NATAL COAST CAUSING CONCERN

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 26 Jun 86 p 10

[Text]

DURBAN. — Startling
new details have emerged
about the pumping of.
waste into the seas along
the Natal coast.

About 600 000 cubic
metres of effluent and
sewage — enough to fill
267 Olympic-size  swit
ming pools — are dis-
charged each day from 47
points, according to the
National Research Insti-
tute for Oceanology.

In several cases, the;

discharges cause environ-
mental problems, says Dr
Allan Connell, head of.
the Natal Branch of the
institute.

Dr Connell, an expert
on marine pollution, list-:
ed a number of discharges
as problematic.

These included SAIC-,
COR, the Umkomaas-
based cellulose factory,
which produces 370 tons
of Bod/5 (biological oxy-
gen demand) in five days
—more than twice that of
all the other pipeline and
major discharges along
the Natal coast combined.
However, despite this
worrying factor, Dr Con-
nell noted studies have
failed to show any detri-
mental results.

19317
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Mondi’s Felixton mill,
which is discharging into
the surf, is so toxic that it
has destroyed marine life
for - several hundred
metres on either side of
the pipeline.
©, Xt Asitanzimtoti |” thi
tapatity of a ‘plant: which =
feeds treated sewage ijnto
the Umbogiritwini River
is “sometimes exceeded
during the holiday sca-.
son”, t

Ramsgate has a volume
of sewage which caf be a
problem in the holjday
season. i

Kingsburgh, where
sewage discharged into
the Little Amanzimtoti,
has caused a large num-
ber of environmental
changes in the upper
reaches of the lagoon.

The SA tioxide pipe-
line, in the Amanzimtoti
area, discharges the most
toxic of all the effluents

into the sea along the |

coast, Dr Connell réport-
ed, However, the volume
is low — 1800 cubic
metres a day — and-sur-
veys have shown damage
to marine life only within
25 metres of the outlet.

94

The AECI pipeline
‘near Amanzimtoti |had
discharged . mercury | dis:
charge which Was a pfob-
| dor, Gut this “dropped
considerably after water
“srestrictions were intro-
duced during the fecent
drought. oe
“Metal levels in sedi-
ments in Durban Harbour
had caused concern:in the
past, and a study still in
preparation showed that
oysters transferred from
Knysna to Durban Bay
last year quickly showed
marked rises in their zinc;
‘copper, lead, iron, man-
* ganese and chrome levels
but a marked drop in
their cadmium level.

The pesticides DDT,
Dicldrin and PCB were
regularly encountered in
coastal fauna, particularly

: in and around Durban.
Dr Connell said that,
because of Natal’s
straight coast, the strong
Agulhas Current, and the
, Steeply-sloping Continen-
j tal Shelf, the mixing rates

and dispersion of ef-
6 fluents



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

DUDUZA WATER, SEWERAGE PROJECT UNDERWAY--Details of a comprehensive water
and sewerage scheme for Duduza costing more than R8 million have been
finalised by the National Housing Commission. In a statement released by
the Bureau for Information on behalf of the Department of Constitutional
Development and Planning yesterday, it was said the scheme followed years of
representation made by the former community council. "The full amount
needed for the scheme was reserved from the National Housing Fund and is
therefore immediately available. Tenders will be asked in the near future
and work.on the scheme will probably commence within the next three months,"
the statement said. It was also announced that existing "buffer zones"
could be utilised by housing. One buffer zone has already been divided
into approximately 650 housing sites. Once the services have been properly
planned, the full request will be presented to the National Housing
Commission, the statement said. "Funds have also been reserved for this
scheme and it~is expected that the private sector will be fully involved

in the development of the project. Through this project the first elite
residential areas in Duduza will be established."--Sapa [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 15 Jul 86 p 15] /9317

"

CSO: 3400/288 END

99



SOUTH AFRICA

REFUGEE OFFICE REPORTS INFLUX FROM MOZAMBIQUE
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 26 Jun 86 p 19

[Text] It is estimated that 260,000 Mozambican refugees have already entered
South Africa since last year, according to a report from Rev. Sol Jacobs, the
director of the department of refugee services of the South African Council of
Churches [SACC].. The report,’ which was submitted yesterday at the SACC
national conference in Bosmont, Johannesburg, tells various stories of
atrocities allegedly committed by Renamo rebels. .

One of the stories comes from a woman.who tells that 10 Renamo~ terrorists
raided their small village one evening, tied up the men and forced the women
and children to watch them crush the heads of 19 men with grinding «stones.
Then they forced the women to carry the stolen food and other booty to’. Renamo
camps. Women and children, including 10 infants, fled the village and through
Kruger Game Reserve day and night for three days. The report says ,refugees
have been streaming out of Mozambique to the eastern Transvaal, Phalaborwa,
Nelspruit-Komatipoort, Gazankulu, Lebowa, KwaZulu and KaNgwane since 1983.
They hide among the local populace out of fear of deportation. The number of
refugees who came into the country in 1985 is estimated at 160,000, and so far
this year at about 100,000. The report says the South African government
regards the refugees as "illegal aliens." Mozambican refugees cannot be
employed on account of their illegal status. The .SACC's department for
refugees visits the Mozambican refugees regularly and has already made 100,000
rands in aid available to them. The question of the legal status of the
refugees has been discussed with the United Nations' commission for refugees.

The commission has been requested to send a task force to South Africa to
monitor the handling of the refugees. The SACC has also requested the
government to stop the .deportation of refugees from the country and to
negotiate with the UN commission about the status, protection and repatriation
of the refugees. According to the report, the government repatriated 1,500
refugees to Mozambique last month. . fey

13084
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62



SOUTH AFRICA

COLUMNIST REPORTS ON BUTHELEZI'S WANING POPULARITY

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 4-10 Jul 86 p 5

(Article by Patrick Laurence]

[Text]

INKATHA ¢
Mangosuthu Buthelezi this ‘week
shifted closer to acceptance of

President PW Botha’s Proposed ”

national council.

But he judiciously kept his options
open by setting conditions for his)
participation.

Buthelezi told a crowd of 15 000 at
Jabulani Amphitheatre in Soweto at a’
prayer-rally on Sunday that the.
proposed national council could mark
the. start of the “final victory for the;
black struggle for liberation”.

Armed men kept hawk eyes on the:
amphitheatre and the territory next to;
it as Buthelezi, whose safety must rank!
as -high priority in’-Ulundi: and:
Pretoria, arrived by helicopter. :

The chief made it clear’ his
participation in the national council
was contingent on a number of
conditions,

One was that the’ imprisoned’
African National Congress leader,
Nelson Mandela, be freed. He,
Buthelezi, would not ‘choose to join
the council if. Mandela were not free
to exercise the same choice.“ ¢

» Asecond condition, Buthelezi Said,.
‘was that he would have to receive: a!

“massive mandate” from black People| i
to participate.
A third was that final proposals J ‘for,
ithe national council — due to ‘be!
approved at a special National Party;
federal congress next month — — leave’
no doubt it will be a body
power rather than a mete
shop”.

president ‘Chief’

68

”’ Buthelezi’s qualified endorsement
of the national council must have been
music to the ears. of Botha and his
lieutenants, Without the chief's
participation, the-chances of it
providi g-even a respite.to the crisis
sweeping the country seem slight.

The national council has been
mooted by Botha to give blacks.a role;
in the formation of a new!
constitutional dispensation in which!
all South Africans, including blacks,;
-will havea ‘hare: Ain: central’
government: »

Buthelezi’s weekend speech left the
next move. to Botha, who -
desperately keen to construct 2
centrist Coalition of “moderate and
responsible” men.: *

From’ Botha’s perspective, the
centre is ynder assault from Left and
Right. In his view; South Africa is
threatened — in the words of WB
‘Yeats — with “mere anarchy”, in
which the “best lack all conviction, the’
worst are full of passionate intensity”.

Botha’s‘anxiety to woo Buthelezi
into the national council is manifest by.
the favqured’ treatment offered to.
Inkatha.

While the United Democratic Front
and Azanian People’s Organisation
have feltthe full weight of the
borackdown — in large parts of the

| a T-shirt with a UDF or Azapo motif
i— Inkatha was given permission to
j hold both a June 16 rally i in Durban
' and the “prayer rally”.in Soweto last
Sunday.



GAMBIA

BRIEFS

GENDARMERIE ESTABLISHED--In Gambia on March 24, a gendarmerie unit, out-
fitted by France and trained by Senegalese officers, was constituted and
presented to President Dawda Jawara. The president stated that the

creation of a gendarmerie in Gambia was a result of the defense agreement,
signed with Senegal within the framework of the Confederation of Senegambia,
stipulating the integration of the confederated armed forces. He added

that the gendarmerie would provide tactical support to the police and army
in Gambia. [Text] [Paris AFRIQUE DEFENSE in French May 86 p 22] 13014/9190

cso: 3419/279

13



113104
cso:

3400/267

dends, while chartering an existing forestry com-
pany.”

The project, which must have the co-operation of
the people, has as a liaison man, Prince Gideon Zulu,
who explains the issues of the self-help scheme to
Biyela’s people. .

“They are accustomed to distrusting anything from
the white man, but I am convincing them that this
is not a ‘beast-for-a-penknife’ deal,” said the prince.

The Institute of Natural Resources aims to have
facilities such as clinics and schools provided at cen-
tres in Biyela. soe ‘ .

However, it would be easier for these facilities to
operate if population was less scattered about the
hills, and was not cut off from roads, said Mr Pollett.

“But we certainly will not force them to move.”

96



MOZAMBIQUE

MUSLIM MESSAGE TO MACHEL
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 3 Jul 86 p 1

[Text] "Each pagging year means an advance from victory to victory," notes

the message from the Islamic Congress of Mozambique (Sunni) to Marshal Samora
Moises Machel, president of the People’s Republic of Mozambique,, The message
from the Mozambican Muslims was addrepsed to the chief of state on the occasion
of the 11th anniversary of national independence, in a gesture reflecting the
joy of the Mozambican people at the passage of another anniversary of our
independence...

“Eleven years have passed since the historic moment when our national banner
wap raised, showing the world our true identity and personality as Mozambicans,"
the Muslim message readg at one point,

The message noted that “the same firmness shown by Mondlane, by Your Excellency
and by the men who liberated our beloved Mozambique from the colonial yake

will be the motivating force that will always lead us to the progress, prosperity
and peace that we so desire,"

“This ppirit moves in ug and ip the contribution of each one of ug to the build-
ing of an enduring, determined and even more beautiful country," the megsage
reads at another point,

In conclusion, the document from the Islamic Congress of Mozambique states:

“The Islamic Congress of Mozambique (Sunni), a national organization which
represents the overwhelming majority of Muslims in our country, in the name

of its leaders, delegations and underdelegations and over 2,000 Islamic institu-
tions throughout the country which are currently affiliated with it, as well

as Muslims in general, reaffirming their firm intent to contribute positively
ito the new society which we are building, takes the liberty of offering best
wishes to Your Excellency, your esteemed wife, the party and the government,

on the passage of the 11th anniversary of our national independence,"

6362
CSO: 3442/255

18



from abroad and from monetary power. Foreign countries want freedom of
movement for Blacks in order to extinguish the idea of regional separation,
and to further Mr P.W. Botha's position of single citizenship in an undivided
South Africa. The money power wants as large as possible concentration of
consumers in the metropolitan areas for the sake of heightened volume of
business and greater profits. Besides, they want the biggest pool of labor as
close as possible so that the excessive supply of labor will gradually force
the cost down.

Two things are clear from these facts: one is that the "National" Party is
governing as a tool of foreign countries and money power, and the second is
that it is either not able or not willing to face up to the consequences of
its deeds. Any government with insight and responsibility would have realized
that lifting influx control at present is an unforgivable irresponsibility.
This latest event ought to confirm to persons who are concerned with national
affairs that the Botha administration is completely unqualified to govern
South Africa and to handle the problems which have been created by its own
inability and errors.

13084
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47



HIGH INTEREST RATES BLAMED FOR DEBT PROBLEM

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 25 Jun 86 p 28

[Text]

THE immediate fac-
tors which triggered off
South Africa’s debt
problem may have
been political of
nature, but the fact
that South Africa has
been saddled with ex-
cessive short term debt
has to a large extent
been caused by high in-
terest rates which fi-
nally did not succeed in
bringing down the in-
flation rates, Professor
Gert de Wet, Depart-
ment of Economics at
Rand Afrikaans Uni-
versity, said last night.

Addressing a seminar
of stockbrokers Martin-
dale, Stacey, Trollip, Inc
in Johannesburg Prof de
Wet said: “It is an open
question whether political
inability would have
grown to its present pro-
portions if we had had a
successful _anti-inflation

19317
CSO: 3400/163

d

policy without high inter-
est rates but with a bou-.

"yant economy.

“[ am ‘afraid that we
may ‘have missed the |
boat, since exports have
been doing well for a con-
siderable :period of tinie
now and in another year-
or two they may turn
down cyclically, dragging’
the economy into a nor-
mal cyclical recession:
even before it gets out of
the present abnormal re-
cession.” a

Speaking about monet-

ary policy and interest
rates Prof De Wet said it
was difficult to determine
what changes in interest
rates would be necessary
to bring about desired
changes in the demand
for money. which would
.then bring about the de-
sired change in the rate of
growth in’ money supply
and - ultimately _ stabilise
. other price movements to
the desired degree.
©

92

“In fact," the round-
about way in which the
‘monetary control is being
-sought, and the fact that
interest rates,"which are
key market clearing vari-
ables, are used, may very
well introduce wide inter-
‘est rate fluctuations and
much, economic instabili-
ye

"He also: pointed out
‘that the rate of inflation
in South.Africa had been

moving ~ upwards * since .

1965.

“Ever since the second
half of the ‘70s, ‘ South
Africans have been con-
cerned about the increas-
ing inflation sate, but the
monetary “"' ” authorities
have s6 far:remained ad-
amant that monetary and
-fiscal policy, especially
monetary policy, can be
effective in curbing infla-

; tion,” he said.

SOUTH AFRICA

Looking ahead Prof De
Wet expects shortterm in-
jterest rates ‘to continue
with their downward
trend and they are not ex-
‘pected to increase, at the

very earliest, in the fourth
quarter of this year.

Even with the stimu-
: lative measure announced
“by Minister of Finance
Barend du Plessis recent-
ly Prof De Wet does not
expect the economy to

[grow rapidly, if ever
| again, before the last
| quarter of 1986.

Long rates will be
under pressure from the
short end to stay at pres-
ent levels or to decline by
one or two percent.

In 1987 when the full
impact of the foreign debt
iproblem will surface
again and especially if the
jrate of inflation strength-
ens, which is quite likely,
long rates should move
“upwards,



NAMIBIA

SWAPO'S NUJOMA INTERVIEWED ON VIENNA TV

[Editorial Report] Vienna Television Service in German at 1930 GMT on

9 July 1986 carries a 5-minute report by Herbert Hamersky on the UN conference
on Namibia, held currently in Vienna. The report, which explains the history
and the background of the Namibian conflict, contains videotaped portions of an
interview that was given to Hamersky in Vienna today by Sam Nujoma, chairman
of the South-West African People's Organization [SWAPO], who is attending the
UN conference. The interview is conducted in English, with superimposed
German translation, “

In his first reply to Hamersky's questions, Nujoma maintains that Namibia
could be one of the wealthiest countries in Africa: "In view of our small
population of only 1 million, the wealth of the country could make it possible
for every Namibian, black or white, to live a decent life. That is why

South Africa must go out."

Asked about the SWAPO's struggle, Nujoma. says in his next statement: "Well,
the struggle being waged by SWAPO is a result of the oppression and occupation
of the Namibian people by racist South Africa. As long as this oppression
continues and the Namibian people are denied the right to self-determination,
the armed resistance to oppression will continue, until final victory is won."

In his third and last statement in the report, Nujoma answers Hamersky's
question about the likelihood of Namibia becoming communist under the SWAPO.
He says: "The Namibian people should not be denied their legitimate right to
freedom under the pretext that the SWAPO could impose socialism or communism
on the country. We demand free and democratic elections under the auspices
of the United Nations."

/8309
Cso: 3400/305

30



GUINEA-BISSAU

CABRAL NAMES BROTHER'S ASSASSIN
Dakar AFRIQUE NOUVELLE in French 18 Jun 86 p 9

[Text] In January 1973, a few months Guinea~Bissau's independence, Amilcar
Cabral, the leader of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea-
Bissau and Cape Verde (PAIGC), was assassinated in Conakry. Responsibility
would quickly be found to lie with several party members who had been
manipulated by the Portuguese police (PIDE). However, the name of the
murderer has remained a secret until now.

On that fateful day in 1973, "the leader of the group of militants was Navy
Commander Innoncencia Kani. He is the one who fired." This revelation
comes from Mr Luis Cabral, president of Guinea-Bissau from 1976 to 1980,
when he was overthrown by current president Joao Bernardo Vieira. Mr Cabral
was first and foremost the brother of the deceased leader with whom he
shared the years of underground resistance,

According to Mr Cabral, the militants involved in the assassination were
judged by the PAIGC and shot. Well, not all of them, since it will be
remembered that in 1981, the 1977 death séntence of Rafael Barbosa, the
former PAIGC chairman who was accused of having participated in prepara-
tions for the assassination, was commuted to 15 years of forced labor.
Although primary responsibility lay with the Portuguese regime, senior
Guinean officials were implicated--"native sons who saw in Amilcar Cabral's
political and moral principles an obstacle to their immoderate ambitions,"
according to Mr Cabral.

Why has the former president of Guinea-Bissau waited until now to make

these statements? In his memoires ("Chroniques de la liberation"), published
in Lisbon, where he lives with his family in exile, he wrote that "the time
had not yet come to tell the whole truth" about his brother's assassination.
Yet this book was already an exceptional document on the life of Amilcar
Cabral and the formation of the PAIGC.

Does the whole truth about this murder stop with the revelation of the
murderer's name, Innoncencia Kani? After a 2-year wait, this is not a
sensational revelation, especially since theories about the involvement of
political interests other than the Portuguese have added to the mystery
surrounding the Cabral assassination. What if Mr Luis Cabral is only
putting out a feeler to see what happens?

13014/9190
CSO: 3419/279
4



to sit down while the others watch the feast with great envy from outside.
The concern among many people nowadays is whether at the present juncture of
time the government is still able to simply start and carry through all big
political changes itself.

Must urgent thought not now be given to the tender method of doing things?
According to that method, an offer is first sought by all the interested
parties before the contract is implemented by the state. In essence, this
means that a more profound agreement is sought between the government and its
people for setting up political institutions. Professor Wiechers regards it
as positive that the council is going to be the precursor of other community
structures. He continues: "It may even be possible that the establishment of
other such joint bodies gives a much greater and more comprehensive character
to the council than just a body for black states and communities. In such a_
case, the initial prospect of a black statutory council, which in time has
developed into a larger and more important political institution through
negotiation, could possibly one day be noted as the most momentous’ ‘starting
point in our politics."

13084
CSO: 3401/165

58



ANGOLA

NEW INSTITUTE FOR STATE ADMINISTRATION CREATED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 12 Jun 86 p 12

[Text] Through a decree included in the "Journal of the Republic" and signed by
the president of the republic, Jose Eduardo dos Santos, the Defense and Security
Council created the Institute of State Organization and Administration, and
approved its organizational statute.

The Institute of State Organization and Administration is an institution of a
scientific nature, involving education, research, improvement, and both techni-
cal and organizational assistance; and has as its main purposes. the improvement
and refinement of the leadership cadres and officials fo the state apparat on
the central and local levels, as well as the planned training of leadership
cadres for the structures of the state apparat.

Research and study of techniques in the area of state organization and adminis-
tration, with a view toward improving and enhancing the levels of efficiency
in the public sector's administrative activity, is one of the main goals

of the institution that has now been created.

For this purpose, the secretariat of the Council of Ministers and the Ministry
of Education, through the respective authorized organs, will be obliged to guide
the institute's activity in order to ensure its normal operation.

The secretariat of the Council of Ministers and the Ministry of Education will
intervene jointly in devising the training plans, and evaluating and reviewing
certificates and diplomas given from the various courses offered.

It will be incumbent on the secretariat of the Council of Ministers to ensure
the material and technical basis essential to the process of the institute's
formation, organization, and management: specifically, the recruitment, selec—
tion, and hiring of the administrative, teaching, and auxiliary personnel.

The Instituteof State Organization and Administration that has now been created
comes directly under the head of government, and is an institution of national
scope, with its headquarters in Luanda.

2909
csO:  3442/261



SOUTH AFRICA

MOBIL CHIEF SPELLS OUT COMMITMENT TO RSA

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 15 Jul 86 p 15

[Text]

LEADING American
oil company, Mobil, is
committed to main-|
taining its business op-/
erations in South Afri-

ca.

According to Mr!
Georges Racine, chair-
man of Mobil Oil South-
ern Africa: “Mobile will:
not disinvest from South |
because it is obvious that
this will not benefit South :
Africa, any of its peoples, !
Mobil’s employees or its j
shareholders.”

In a statement in Mo-
bil’s latest social report,
entitled “Mobil in South
Africa — the Challenge”,
Mr Racine says: ‘“Walk-
ing away from South Afri-
ca may make some people !
feel good. We cannot ac-
cept that we should walk
away from an active role ,
that promotes change —
and. thereby surrender. to
those who are trying to
hold back the process of
change and those who are
trying to push us into a
future of violence and dis-
order.”

He said that economic
power and growth is vital
to the Black communities
in South’ Africa and to
business survival. Invest-
ment through jobs and
training provides that‘
power.

“A well-educated and
well-trained labour force
can provide the ultimate!
means to change the sys-

' tem and play a major role |

in bringing Black and|
White South Africans to-
gether as one people.”

‘Mr Racine said that by
placing itself in the van-
guard of social change in
South Africa, Mobil has
created freedom of asso-
ciation and freedom from
institutionalised prejudice
within its own organisa-
tion.

“We know that the,
freedoms that Mobil has
created within its own or-i
ganisation after 87 years
in this country are an ef- |
fective reply to the inde-
fensible ideologies that
exist Within South Africa
at large — and to those
who would have us leave.,

Reforms “

“We believe that the,
reforms necessary to ex-'
pand this environment
are within the reach of
South Africans and ‘can
be paced and directed
only by South Africans.
‘We want to be part of this

3.”

Mr Racine said a new
challenge faces Mobil as
South Africa enters one
of the most testing

90

‘history. We

intend to play our part in

meeting this challenge.”
This was why Mobil es-
tablished. a R40-million
Foundation that would be
devoted primarily to the
upliftment of Black edi-
cation, but also to assist-
ing small business and
agricultural development.
‘The money would be
provided over the next
five years, with most of it
being used for the im-
provement of Black edu-
cation and business devel-
‘opment and the balance
to be spent on rural devel-
opment among Black
communities.

Controlled

This programme would
be controlled by a trust,
to be called the Mobil
Foundation of South
Africa. Trustees would
consist of prominent pri-
vate citizens of all races:
and Mobil executives.

Sub-structures beneath

"the Foundation, also with

Citizens of all races, would
develop programmes in
education, small business
and rural development.
‘Their function was to
make proposals to the
Foundation and then
carry out the approved
programmes.



Their dependency on the white industrial power appears in these figures. In
the electricity area, South Africa supplies Lesotho with 100 percent,
Swaziland with 79 percent, Botswana with 50 percent, the capital of the
marxist Mozambique, Maputo, with 60 percent, and even Zimbabwe with two
percent of consumption. :

Turning off the current would be a catastrophe for them.

At least 45 percent of the total imports and exports to and from Malawi,
Zimbabwe, Zambia and Zaire is shipped via South African rail and ports, and
practically speaking, 100 percent of imports and exports to and from
Swaziland, Botswana and Lesotho.

The same applies regarding air, postal and telecommunications connections.
Additionally, South Africa is by far the largest supplier of life-sustaining
goods--from food to machinery and spare parts--to the majority of the black
nations in the region, and ite overall exports to the rest of Africa have
increased by 40 percent this year to a record value of $800 million. No less
than 70 percent of Zimbabwe's foreign trade is with South Africa.

Nonetheless, many leaders of the front line states, including Zambia's
. president Kaunda, are demanding binding international sanctions, "even though
many of us will suffer and perhaps even starve." Over the weekend, he
threatened that Zambia would withdraw from the British Commonwealth if Great
Britain does not support such santions.

But others, such as the government of Swaziland, and’ more discretely,
representatives of Lesotho, warn--since they are afraid that what one foreign
observer has said is true:

"It can take decades to destroy South Africa's economy. Long before that

occurs, the neighboring countries' economies will be destroyed. For some of
them, this could happen in a few months."

12578
CSO: 3613/169

35



SOUTH AFRICA

TOLL ROAD COULD BOOST NORTHERN TRANSVAAL DEVELOPMENT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Jul 86 p 4

[Text]

/9317

THE Minister of Trans-
port Affairs, Mr Hendrik
Schoeman, said yesterday
that the new Kranskop
toll road, which is the
most important link with
the Northern Transvaal, .
will greatly contribute to-
wards the development of
that area.

Speaking at the official
opening of the toll road at |
the Kranskop Toll Plaza, !
Mr Schoeman said that |
the slight disadvantage of
paying a toll fee was
greatly overshadowed by |
the advantages of a toll |
road.

‘According to Mr!
Schoeman the new toll '
road will mean great sav-
ings in time and running
costs to the drivers’ and
owners’ of all vehicles.

In addition to by-pass-
ing Warmbaths and Nyls-
troom, drivers using the
new road will save up to
15 minutes in time and 20
km in distance — a total
saving of RS and more in
running costs.

According to Mr
,Schoeman it is expected
that between 2200 and
2.600 vehicles, out of a
possible 4 000 presently

CSO: 3400/288

using the old road be-
tween Warmbaths and
Nylstroom, will soon be
using the new toll road.

Mr Schoeman said that
a special effort was made
towards the re-establish-
ment of vegetation along
the road.

“When the Spring rains
come we hope the results
of several tons of seed hy-
dro-seeded on all disturb-
ed areas will be visible for
all to see”.

Mr Schoeman said that
delays at the toll gate will
be limited to 30. seconds

per vehicle.

Modern electronic
equipment is "being
installed for the counting
of vehicles and their cor-
rect classification. .

Users could be assured
that efficient “financial
control: would be exer-,
cised over all money col-
lected — although rec-
eipts would be issued only
at a drivers’ request. !

According to Mr
Schoeman, the new
Kranskop toll road will
probably mean new de~
velopments in the North-
em Transvaal. °

97

; A Press statement by
the Department of Trans-
port Affairs said private
enterprise operating the
Toll Plaza will collect toll
for a three-to-five-year
period at a cost of R2,224
million.
‘The toll tariffs or fees
on the Kranskop toll road
,amounts to R1,25 per
| light vehicle to a maxi-
| mum of RS (four axles).

Heavy vehicles are
charged R2,50 to a maxi-
mum of R20 (eight axles)
should the entire toll road
be used.

If only the southern
part is used, the tariff
amounted to 50c per axle
for light vehicles, to a
maximum of R2 (four ax-

Jes) and RI per axle for
heavy vehicles to a maxi-
| mum of R8 (eight axles).
i Of the R60 million
| which the new 33 km road
had cost, about R45 mil-
lion came from loans
which will be repaid from
the toll income. The rest
will be provided by the
National Road Fund.



TANZANIA

BRIEFS

TRANSPORTATION, TRADE LINKS WITH UGANDA--Tanzania and Uganda have agreed to
take measures to improve transport and communications links and to enhance
trade between the two countries. The measures were agreed by the Tanzania-
Uganda Permanent Joint Cooperation Commission during its two day session which
ended in Dar Es Salaam today. In a communique, the commission also calls for
the resumption of lake passenger services between the two countries on Lake
Victoria. The joint communique was signed by the minister of state in the
president's office responsible for Cabinet affairs and internal cooperation,
Professor Kigoma Malima, and Ugandan Minister for Regional. Cooperation
Ssebaana Kizito. [Excerpt] [Dar Es Salaam External Service in English 1600
GMT 12 Jul 86 EA] /12913

cso: 3400/293

38