NORTHERN PROVINCE TO LAY OFF 600 CIVIL SERVANTS

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 23 May 86 p 7

[Text ]

19274
cso:

THE Ministry of
Works and Supp!
is to lay off 600
workers in Nor-
thern Province
among the. non-
civil servants from
its three depart-
ments.

The departments in-

volved are the public
works, mechanical ser-

3400/1897

vices and the roads.
The lay-offs would be
conducted in stages and
during each phase 20 per
cent of the total force
would lose jobs.
The exercise which is part
of the pruning exercise in
the Government is likely to
be effected in June or Julys
The move is in line with
“instructions from a Minis=
wy of Finance circular
'/7/1/2 dated April 15’’,
sent to the province.
Workers to be affected
are those above 55 years,
those who have served over
20 years and others whose
services are no longer re;

56

JPRS“SSA-86-071

9 July 1986

quired. . .

Commenting on the im-
minent redundancies, na-
tional chairman of the Na-
tional Union of Public Ser-
vice Workers (NUPSW) Mr
William Chipasha said be-
cause of the large size of the
ministry, the lay-offs would
seriously affect the opera-
tions of the public works
and roads departments. __

On the on-going lay-offs
in the Ministry of General
Education and Culture in
the province which has af-
fected over 200 workers, he
expressed dissatisfaction at
the way it was being con-
ducted.

Mr’ Chipasha observed
that the number of general
workers in most schools had
drastically reduced leaving
them with one office order-
ly, a cook or one waiter to
carry out the enormous
tasks.

He explained that he was
not particularly happy with
the reply he got from the
chief education officer Mr
Kennedy Sipula when he
approached him over the
matter,

Mr Sipula allegedly told
Mr Chipasha that most of
the duties which lacked
manpower would be assum-
ed by schoolboys and girls.

In view of this Mr Chi-
pasha wondered how pupils
would perform the double
role of attending classes and
at the same time carry out
jobs such as slashing of
grass, cleaning of lavatories.
and cooking for those in
boarding schools.

ZAMBIA


Anewer: Ag we have paid, education and health, together with transportation
and communications, constitute important directions for our work and are defined
in our directives for the basic lines of the small projects. We are working
particularly on organizational support for the education sector, on the mobiliza-
tion of the people to see the school as their own and not something foreign

in their midst, so the school will be integrated with the peeple and the people
will be integrated with the school, to insure that the school itself actually
constitutes a base for the people to assume the power. We are undertaking

the most varied actions, both in the construction of infrastructures and in
the rehabilitation of those which are not in usable condition. We are out-
fitting some health units, with the support of international organizations

that work with us. We are working to spur production to combat the famine

in these locales. Regarding transportation and communications, each year,

with the support of the central agencies, we arrange to acquire spare parts,
from inside the country and from abroad, to rehabilitate our highway transport
fleet. At this time [telephone communications] are really inadequate, pam >
ticularly the urban and interurban systems. The equipment is quite old and,

up to now, it has been impossible to replace it. The central switchboard,

for example, which was designed for 400 instruments, now serves more than

900 telephones in the urban system, which ageravates the situation.

Leading Role of the Party

Question: In the context of all these actions, the party has obviously played
its preponderant role. Would you please talk about the role of the party

in mobilizing the workers and the public to carry out the actions described
above.

Answer: For us, the party is, in fact, a leading force in the government
and the society, and we can say that our party organs in the province are
functioning normally in the present phase of development of the country. The
provincial, district, area and local committees and the base organizations,
which are the cells, have generally been functioning regularly, although in
certain locales the cells have not been functioning for some time. Every
year, the Provincial Committee approves a plan of action for the province
and the party apparatus is guided by thie plan, which is broken down into
monthly and weekly programs. At the end of each month, we take an accounting
of the work of each department; we evaluate in percentages-~a quantitative
and qualitative evaluation--and we also promote socialist competition, to
stimulate the comrades in their work.

Other action by the party is linked to the support and dynamization of the
mass democratic organizations, as arms of the party which should be active

and should serve as nurseries for future party members. At the rank-and-file
level, at the level of the area committees and the Provincial Committee, there
are periodic directives to support the work of the ODMs {Mass Democratic Organi-
zations] and socio-professional agsociations, particularly in their organiza~-
tional aspects, and also to assist in drawing up small projects to create
bases for the economic-financial independence of these mass democratic organi~
zations, to combat hunger and to bring in funds for the functioning of the
party organizations themselves, not expecting that these funds will be supplied
by the party. In the government administration, we use our party militants
who are in the state apparatus, the companies and factories to influence the
workers to carry out the plans that have been defined for each year. We are

22



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mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
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given by source.

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Port Elizabeth for example pupils in
Indian and coloured areas are still
struggling to resolve the..prefect versus
SRC issue. We have urged all our CECs to
address this problem, and to incorporate
representatives from all townships, not
just the African ones.

This is crucial since people's
education is not a blueprint for African
schools alone, Individuals in some
coloured and Indian areas are in touch
with NECC structures, but we have no
formalised links ag yet - except in the
Western Cape, where coloured schools
are very involved in the NECC. But
that region ls divided, with one CEC
based in the. coloured community and
another in the African community. This
is not an ideological but.a geographical
divide, which we are trying to resolve.

What regional differences are there in
the NECC’s organisation and
mobilisation?

The Eastern Cape is the most organised,
and has a rudimentary regional
structure. We are still battling to set
up regional structures in other areas,
although recently, on 10 May, the
Transvaal region held its first regional
conference. In Natal we have serious
problems from violent attacks by Inkatha
on members of student representative
councils: Lamontville for instance is
still in'a state of seige, with one SRC
member killed and a number in hiding.

What role did trade unions play in

the NECC, and to what extent will they be
involved in formulating and implementing
people's education?

We had full delegations from both
COSATU and CUSA at the March conference,
They participated fully, especially on
the issues of the May Day stayaway and
the 16-18 June stayaway, for which they
gave us the go-ahead. But we do not
foresee a specific role for workers’
organisations in implementing people's
education. They will make an input at
local, town and regional levels where
they form part of the NECC's grassroots
structure.

What about organisations and student
bodies linked to National Forum?

There is no special provision to
include or exclude any group. What
determines participation in the NECC is
the situation on the ground in the
various areas. Which organisations sit
on local committees will be determined
at regional level. Nationally we welcome
and expect involvement from all those
concerned and committed to revolutionary
change and the establishment ofa
democratic education system.

What particular organisational

problems are there in bantustan schools,
and does the NECC have a strategy for
these areas?

At this stage we have no structures in
‘homeland' areas. The three main areas
where we face many problems and
tepression from so-called homeland
authorities are Kwazulu, more recently
Lebowa, and the Ciskei. The Ciskei
has consistently attacked COSAS since
1983. But 'homelands' are part of the
future agenda. In ‘South Africa proper'
our target group for organisation is
about 5,3-million pupils in African
schools, and there are a further two
million in 'homeland' areas. .

What are the different organisational
issues in small and large towns?

It is easier to organise in small towns
because’there are fewer schools. For
example in Port Alfred or Alexandria in
the Eastern Cape there are four or five
schools. Two are lower primary which
leaves about three higher primary and
senior secondary schools, which are the
major organisational targets.

But on, the other hand state repression
tends to be more vicious in small towns.
leadership is more easily identifiable
and suffers constant harassment. For
example in Lebowa, some people were
killed by the A-team vigilante group
which operates there and an A-team is
also active in Lamontville.

UDF regional structures are important
in rural areas and small towns, where we

oO 65


19274
cso:

that the mobilisation of our people in united mass
action also deepens the organisational basis of
all democratic organisations of the people.

ANC Positions

The delegation of the ANC also reported to the
meeting on its policy, its programme, its strategy
and tactics. The ANC emphasised the need for
the greatest possible mobilisation of all the peo-
ple of our country to join in united political ac-
tion against the apartheid regime, equally and in
combination with the mass political struggle. The
ANC also stressed the importance of the armed
struggle to defend the people against the enemy
armed forces and to give the people the possibility
to seize power from a White minority regime
which holds on to power by the use of force.

The three delegations agreed that it is of cen:
tral importance that the campaign for the im-
mediate unconditional release of all political
prisoners, including Nelson Mandela, should
develop with even greater intensity. They agreed
that the three organisations would do their utmost
in pursuit of this goal.

As the crisis of our country deepens, so too
does the resistance, anger and the will of our peo-
ple to fight back, In the process many issues have
emerged and will continue to emerge as central
campiigning issues

At this very moment the entire democratic
movement is Confronted with the task of finding

* the correct campaign basis to destroy Bantu

3400/1962

76

Education and establish in its place one single
democratic, non-racial, free and compulsory
system of education for all the children of our
country.

Campaigning Together

Similarly it has become imperative that the
workers of our country, together with all the
democratic forces, work together to destroy the
pass laws — the badge of slavery — and the whole
system of influx control and prevent the Botha
regime from re-introducing this hated system in
any guise whatsoever.

In these and all other campaigns facing our

people it is the duty of the democratic forces to
work together and consult one another in order
to establish the maximum unity in action by all
our people. The delegations further agreed that
the obstacle to any negotiated solution is the
Botha regime. They concluded that no negotia-
tions are possible while the leaders of the peo-
ple are in prison and while the Pretoria regime
refuses to accept that our country should be
governed by all its people, both Black and white,
as equals, as brothers and sisters. In this context
the national liberation movement, headed by the
ANC, explained that neither negotiations nor
“talks about talks” have taken place and that the
ANC is committed that any negotiations, if and
when they should take place, must be public and
involve the entire democratic movement.

In the discussions between COSATU and
SACTU, both agreed that the widest possible uni-
ty of trade unions in our country is of utmost im-
portance in our people's struggle against the

“apartheid reginte and the bosses. Both agreed that

there was no contradiction whatsoever arising
from their separate existence.

The mecting between all three organisations
was characterised by an overwhelming opt ”
that despite all the manocuvres. by the Botha
regime and its allies, despite the heightening
repression, victory over the system of white
minority racist rule is not far off.

‘The meeting reiterated the commitment of the
three organisations to fight for a society free from
the chains of poverty, racism and exploitation
which would require the restructuring of the pre-
sent econony.

7th March, 1986



JPRS*SSA+86+071
9 July 1986

ETHIOPIA

DEPUTY SIDA CHIEF TO SERVE AS FORESTRY ADVISOR
Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 24 May 86 p 8

[Article by Peter Bratt: "SIDA Chief Advisor in Ethiopia"; first paragraph is
DAGENS NYHETER introduction] : .

[Text] The deputy chief of SIDA [Swedish International Development Authority]
will in August become an advisor to the Ethiopian ‘Government. He has signed a
two-year contract, and will primarily be working with forestry questions and
soil conservation. “Of course it is a difficult government, but at the same
time I will have big possibilities for action," said Bo Goransson.

He believes that the new job will be exciting.

The idea did not come from the Ethiopian Government, but from SIDA. The
Swedish forestry program in Ethiopia is the largest in all of Africa, and to
really be able to maintain proper control SIDA considered it necessary to;
have closer observation.

The Ethiopian Government was originally doubtful about having a form of
control so close at hand, but has now accepted Bo Goransson as advisor to the
Minister of Agriculture.

Strong Criticism

Since the revolution in 1974 Sweden has many times been strongly critical of
the policies of the tough communist regime. On several occasions during the
so-called red terror of the 70's the former chief of SIDA wanted to stop the
aid to Ethiopia.

SIDA has also been critical of the methods of the large relocation program
from north to south Ethiopia. Six hundred thousand people have been moved,
often with violence and aggression against the population.

In September of last year the government suddenly decided that the people

should be concentrated in large cities. In a couple of months the moving
program was ordered to begin.

12



struggle are merging in the sense that the armea
struggle is being situated among the masses, and
our trained combatants are now able to merge
among our risen people, more and more of whom
are being brought into MK units at home.

We have'never held the view that an elite force
of guerrillas, of full-time combatants, would
alone be the instrument of victory. It is the peo-
ple who make history, who make revolutions;
not an elite force. Our movement has always
looked to the people;.our aim has always been
to gain the active support of the people, and their
involvement. That is why we say ours is a peo-
ple’s war. |

Now a people's war surely needs 4 people's
army. What we are seeing at present is the
preliminary form of that revolutionary people's
army. ° . : ;

As you say, at present we see MK actions on
the one hand and on the other'the sometimes
spontaneous, sometime organised, violence of
the people. While the mass struggle shows the
elements of revolutionary violence we have refer-
red to, we cannot yet say it fully represents arm-
ed force’— after all, stone-throwing is stone-
throwing, not skilful military operations. So the
gap you mention is there.

Our people are aroused for action, and what
they really represent is an aroused political force.
Our task is to transform the political force into
a revolutionary people's army. Lenin referred
to this as transtorming the ” political army of the

‘revolution” “into the “revolutionary armed
forces” or “the people in arms.” This is what our
movement has been calling a "people’s army.”

Comrade, can you clarify further the concept of
a revolutionary people’s army?

T would say a revolutionary people's army may
consist of three parts, First, there are the organis-
ed advance detachments — the vanguard; second,
the revolutionary armed people, and third, those
elements of the enemy forces which may. be won
over to the side of the revolution. The first and

second parts alone would constitute a people’s

army, but where elements of three are present
4 much-sought-after third dimension is achiev-
ed, as with the Bolshevik, Chinese and Cuban
experiences. . ‘ °

The organised vanguard detachment — in our
case, MK — is, in terms of your previous ques-
tion, ‘the nucleus of the people’s army. This is
the element that is organised initially into com-
bat units of various types, which may be urban
combat groups, ‘sabotage units, assassination
squads, “and. other special forces situated
anywhere in the countryside, town or city, and
acting, of necessity, in a clandestine, secret way.

71

‘The guerrilla units of the countryside are part of
this vanguard — they may operate more openly,
depending on the terrain of the country, because
it’s the terrain that determines the size of a group,
its mode of operation and so on.-By the way,
since rural guerrilla warfare is often taken to be

. the main form of armed struggle. I would like
to stress, that it may be only one element, and
maybe not even the leading or dominant mode.

Another element of this vanguard will be the
people's self-defence militia, based in the fac-
tory, township and village; these units may be
legal, semi-legal or illegal, depending on the con-
ditions and possibilities.

The second component, the revolutionary arm-
ed péople, is an active, conscious part of the
political army, ready with arms in hand to unite
with, and under, the organised command and
leadership of the advance detachments of the
revolutionary army, to take part in the armed
struggle for political power.

The third component, the units of the enemy
armed forces, that join the revolution, may be
a difficult section to organise, but nevertheless
this remains a vital ingredient, Of course, the ex-
tent to which such elements may be won over
depends on the situation ina particular country.
But I would like to deal with this a little later,
if I may.

How is this army formed? How is it built up?

Let's deal first of all with the vanguard
detachments. We began in 1961 to form our
vanguard detachment, which is Umkhonto —
we've seen how over 25 years various elements
have developed and grown, showing that the pro-
cess is not completed overnight. This is par-
ticularly true of the self-defence groups; we’ ve
seen how only lately the conditions have matured
for these to emerge as, for example, the
amabutho of the Eastern Cape, or the Young
Lions of Alexandra and elsewhere. The organisa-
tion of the vanguard detachments will start with
the creation of the leadership organs for combat
work; it will involve the training of specially
selected cadres and recruits; it will involve the
creation of the various combat units I've refer-
red to, and it will involve the early operations
of this vanguard, which in time develops and
grows,.as MK has.

Concerning the building of the “revolutionary
armed people" -~ this is an even more complex
and advanced problem than the first task of for-
ming the advance organs, and the actions of the
advance detachments play a vital role in ac-
complishing the task.

Weare here talking firstly about the develop-
ment of mass political consciousness, and con-
sciousness of the need to fight with arms, We are



JPRS+SSA+86+071
9 July 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

WATER WORKS, CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN NAMPULA AT STANDSTILL
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 20 May 86 p 3

[Text] A few days ago, in Nampula, the first extended consultative council
meeting of the Provincial Directorate of Construction and Water[DIMAC] which for
2 days had prompted directors and agents from the sector's enterprises, as

well as guests from other provinetal directorates, to reflect on the problems
affecting the construction and water agency, which are having a negative effect
on the other sectors to which that enterprise must render services, came to

a close. ‘

Those participating in the debates stressed that many projects run by the water
and construction enterprises are at a standstill, owing to the lack of construc~
tion materials. ‘ .

They claimed that this shortage also includes both native and imported produc-
_tion materials, which has caused a difficult financial.situation for those
enterprises, .

For example, : the DIMAC director informed the consultative council that, "For
6 months, DIMAC has not had cement for distribution, and.as for wire neeting,
paint,-and other materials, we have not received anything to date."

The DIMAC director remarked: "We are already in a critical financial situation
that has forced us to resort to our own transportation in order to procure
wages for the workers."

The director of STEIA, an enterprise engaged in the repair and rendering of
technical assistance for heavy machinery, claimed: "Por over 2 years, STEIA
has not received any imported material, and hence has survived thanks to its
purchase of stalled machinery, extracting from it some parts to be used to
repair other machines."

He. reported that 12 machines have already been repaired during the first
quarter of this year, using that system. Last year, the number exceeded 50.

The statement made by the director of. the Cement Enterprise was the one most

awaited because the entire consultative council was waiting to find out the
. reason for the virtually complete lack of cement produced in the Nacala factory.

29



19274
cso:

3400/1910

"Export markets are also“

* being investigated, with Mr .-

Potocnik already highly
confident that a battery
monitoring device he has
developed has high potetial
in Europe as well as in South
Africa.

“We recently acquired the
rights ‘to manufacture a
windcharger from an
Austrian company and this
has opened up a new avenue
to us,” he said. ‘ .

““as a result of this, I have
developed a low-cost elec-”
tronic battery monitor,
which we will soon be ex-
porting back to Austria,
where it will be distributed
‘by the windcharger com-
pany. a

“Tt has high potential:

“there, “as ‘well as’ in this

country, where it can be,
used in a wide field, includ-
ing the caravan industry
and the automotive indus-
ry?
Mr Potocnik said that an-'
other international contract"
— with a projected turnover
of R30 000 every six weeks
— was also on the cards,
although he could not reveal
any details “at this stage”.

Another new field being
entered is the supply of wir-
ing harnesses and rubber’
fittings for domestic appli-
ances. "

“We already have wide

* Londo

experience in providing”
PVC piping ~ up to 150000
metres a month — and rub-
ber fittings and wiring har-
nesses to the automotive in-
dustry, and are now in the:
process of finalising a con- _
tract with a domestic appli-
ance company in East
fe similar equip-j

ment." wo

” “He.-said production" in
some areas had quadrupled
recently. ~ Pea)

“We are looking at expan-
sion all round and are ap-’
pointing agents throughout
the country.” a

Plans are also being con-
sidered for the company to
build a new factory on a,
6 000-metre plot it owns in
at Perseverance industrial
area, om . .

“There is no shortage of
business if you go out afd
find it,” said Austrian-born
Mr Potocnik. “We have been
working 10 hours a day and
weekends for ‘several
months.” :

One disappointment he
has had is a lack of support
from big . local organisa-
tions. . .

“We find this peculiar as
various pledges have been -
made by major companies
that they will support local
industry, but there is little
sign of this: from some of
these,” said Mr Potocnik.

100



JPRS=SSA-86«077
9 July 1986

‘MOZAMBIQUE

NEW HYBRID COCONUT PALMS TO PROMOTE ZAMBEZIA COPRA PRODUCTION

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese ‘17 May 86 p 2

[Text] The introduction of hybrid palms into the Madal. enterprise's. coconut
production areas and in others located in Zambezia Province will give an
impetus to copra production in this part of the country in the near future.
The experiment, under way at the Inhangulue Station nearly 16 kilometers from
the city of Quelimane, already constitutes a significant step toward the
implementation of the method, not only in the country, but also in Southern
Africa, by the International Oil Seed Plant Institute.

According to Madal's agronomical engineer, Paulo Monteiro, the introduction
of this type of hybrid palm tree among. those in existence on the Zambezia:
coast and those of Malaysia already involves an area of 1,400 hectares.

As that technician noted, the work done by the Madal enterprise necessarily
entails replanting after the felling of old palms. In this regard, it is
known that the 1,400 hectares filled with the hybrids represent an area
equivalent to 16 and 10 percent of the area to be exploited and the one to
be replanted, respectively.

Although some difficulties are present, the experiment as well as the implemen-
tation of this agricultural technique by the Zambezia copra producing. enter-
prises, as in the case of the Boror Company, are viewed with a certain amount
of optimism regarding an increase in production.

Hybrid Palms Offer Larger Production

Paulo Monteiro disclosed to our reporter that the hybrid palms, in addition
to reaching the gestation age very quickly, have a production capacity three
times larger than others. "Therefore, we expect more copra production during

the coming years," he added.

As our reporter could observe, most of the ‘hybrid palms, in their first year
of production, are loaded with coconuts.

The harvesting of coconuts from this type of palm is another advantage, because
their height facilitates the task of the worker on those plantations.

36



JPRS*SSA~86~071
9 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NECC'S NATIONAL SECRETARY’ ON PEOPLE'S EDUCATION PROGRAM

Johannesburg WORK IN PROGRESS in English May 86 pp 8-13 .

[Interview with Ihron RENSBURG, National
Crisis Committee], by Ingrid Obery; date

[Text ]

What are the origins of the NECC?

The Soweto Parents Crisis Committee was
founded in October 1985 in response to
the schools crisis in Soweto and the
West Rand. The SPCC convened the first
national education crisis conference in
December at Wits, which 160 concerned
groups attended. They felt the SPCC's
approach was correct, and that its
officials should form the basis of a
NECC, together with representatives from
11 regions. This met for the first time
in March, just before the second
_national conference in Durban, but only
after it did the national structure
really begin to operate. On 8 April an
executive of three was elected: Vusi
Khanyile and Rev Molefe Tsele, both
based in Johannesburg, as national
chairperson and national treasurer
respectively, and myself, based in Port
Elizabeth, as national secretary.

Last year the students’ slogan was
‘Liberation now, education later’. At
the December conference this was changed
to 'People's education for people's
power', Why did this happen and what
does it mean - and what exactly is meant
by people's education?

Secretary of NECC [National Education
and place not given]

Pupils can only organise and become a
force for change to combine with other
such forces if they are at school.
Workers cannot develop working-class
consciousness or power if they are not
in the factories to organise together.
Student structures were increasingly
weakened by almost two years of
stayaway, and a general breakdown in
discipline.

In demanding people's education for
people's power in people's schools, we
aim to shift the balance of educations!
power, beginning by establishing
a people's authority alongside the
existing state authority. The Crisis in
Education Committees (CECs) and
eventually the Parent-Teacher Student
Associations (PTSAs) will lay the
foundations for future education
structures. In some cases they have
already taken on local education
responsibilities.

The People's Education Secretariat,
consisting of five people appointed at
the April NECC meeting in Johannesburg,
will set up offices in their regions to
gather information and contributions
from all interested organisations. The
secretariat will compile and present its
findings to our next national conference
in Port Elizabeth at the end of June.

Its suggestions will include

61



JPRS “SSA-8609

9 July 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

SMALL-SCALE FARMING ENCOURAGED IN NAMPULA
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 6 May 86 p 1
[Article by Rogerio Sitoe]

[Text] A new method of work has been introduced in the agricultural sector in
Nampula in the course of this farm season. The Provincial Agriculture Office,
in accordance with the guidelines set forth by the provincial government, is
implementing what is known as the Family Sector Development Policy. This new
measure simply involves the mobilization of the peasants to raise the
production indices, and it makes certain state and private enterprises
responsible for providing material support, including improved seeds and
chemical products used in farming, if required, for specifically determined
areas, our reporter learned from the DPA planning official.

- E
The family sector is that which has contributed most to farm production and
marketing in Nampula, This year it will again rank first in the production of
profitable crops, in particular cotton, although the levels will not be very
high because of neglect on the part of the state sector, with rather limited
areas planted due to the war, which has spread into the’most productive zones.

The family sector area controlled by the Provincial Agriculture Office through
its staffers is estimated at 800,000 hectares. In this"area; a whole range of
food products, grain and cotton above all, is. produced.

According to the planning official at the. Provincial Agriculture Office, the
gaps left by the state sector, which is increasingly fragile, will certainly
be filled by the family sector with the introduction of the development policy
set forth for it by the provincial government, even if fabulous results are
not achieved, mainly in corn, cassava and cotton.

The development policy does not involve just state enterprises, but private
ones too, in particular the Joao Ferreira dos Santos firm, and rather positive
experience has been achieved. The enterprises and firms were assigned
specific regions where they are responsible for the distribution of seeds,
land preparation, and chemical products for use against farm infestations, if
needed. In some cases, the markets will be determined by the enterprise or
firm in charge of an area. “We have moved on from mere mobilization to more
aggressive action in family sector production,” this official said.

32

071



Mr KB Thabata, a deputy director of the
DET, evoked the ire of both people and
students by denouncing the local PICC,
and actively working against it. His
house was petrol~bombed a while ago;

Our opinion at the March conference
was that it would be tactically
important to recognise ATASA.

Progressive teachers organisations
objected and put forward a motion
rejecting ATASA. The conference instead
passed a resolution condemning teachers'
organisations or their members who
victimised teachers involved: in
progressive organisations - a problem
particularly in the Western Cape, where
some teachers were expelled.

Reading between the lines, clearly
ATASA is expected to respond by moving
in a progressive direction, It has
already withdrawn from certain
government bodies on which it served
until the time of the conference.

After the conference, students in
Uitenhage gave ATASA members a one week
ultimatum to resign and ‘become NEUSA
members. A similar situdtion occurred’ in
Port Elizabeth and the qrisis committees
in both areas managed to neutralise the
situation. The conference took a
resolution condemning Idkatha. If ATASA
members in Natal remain linked to
Inkatha, the next conference will take
action against them. H :

The NECC does not believe teachers
should be forced to align with any! ©
specific teachers' organisation. But
increasingly ATASA members are incurring
the wrath of the people and they will
have to move. We are waiting for
democratic teachers' organisations to
come to the fore; there is space for
them to organise and recruit from ATASA
membership.

Other teachers' organisations
represented on the NECC include the
Western Cape Teachers Union, the
Democratic Teachers Association (Western
Cape), and the Eastern Cape Teachers
Union. In the Western Cape: these
organisations appear to work together. 1
do not think there is any alliance of
organisations in the Eastern Cape ‘

although both NEUSA and Eastern Cape
Teachers Union are members of the CEC
and thus in touch with one. another.

What role will teachers' organisations
play in implementing people's education?
Does the NECC have a policy for

-dnelusion of white, coloured and Indian

teachers’ organisations, and will the-
people's education programme apply to
such schools?

Teachers, not activists, will be most
important in implementing people's
education. And we will have to rely
particularly on teachers currently
involved in democratic teachers’
organisations, as the most effective
people to implement people's education.

We will liaise with their
organisations nationally, and provide
them with our programmes and suggestions
for them ito expand on and implement.
Teachers will be the cadres of people's
education.

In a number of schools since the March
éonference pupils refused tuition and
demanded people's education immediately.
They want to know why teachers still
provide gutter education. Pupils
constantly pressurise teachers, and
organisations like ATASA will have to
shift fast if they are to provide
education acceptable to students.

As regards other race groups: this is
a serious problem. Clearly we cannot
implement a new education system without
support from all groups, and we have :
been looking at ways to move into these
schools. We have talked, for example, to
the National Union of South African
Students, which contacted a number of
white schools in its education charter
campaign.

We will begin: by moving through these
sorts of channels, and of course through
progressive white teachers, The ‘white
bloc' has until now been impenetrable,
but I don't think this is the case
anymore.

We have serious problems in coloured
and Indian areas where there is often
little adult political organisation. In

64



2G OEEOESESEEoOOOO

ECONOMIST URGES COMPETITION TO STIMULATE ECONOMY

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 22 May 86 p 2

[Text ]

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cso:

3400/1977

ECONOMIC recovery does not

depend on first finding a solu-

tion to SA’s political problems,

says Cape Town University eco-

nomics professor Brian Kantor.
He told the annu-

al cony of the

Federated Hotel,

Liquor and Cater-

ing Association of

SA (Fedhasa) at the

Cape Sun yesterday

that the economy

needed stimulation

to fet it going.

is could be achieved by reduc-
ing taxation and by allowing free
competition.

Increased prosperity would re-
sult in more money being available
to spend on black housing and edu-
cation and other necessary projects
and would make it easier to solve
political problems.

Kantor said: “Our economic li-
feblood is draining away because
we are not offering holders of cap-
ital and owners of skills rates they
consider competitive with those in
other parts of the world.”

‘The poor would suffer “unless we
can make our economy genuinely
competitive again”.

He said an economic miracle of
this kind was not impossible. “We
should not give up hope that this
can be done, even without a politi-
cal solution first. We can turn this”
whole thing round and if we do we
can solve our political problems.”

Economic development should

receive absolute priority. “Never
has economic growth, increased |
spending and. increacéd output |
been so important.” 4

It was necessary to increase
‘competition and give up protection ;
for certain industries, allowing |
rnarket forces to work freely.

Competition in a free market
prevented exploitation as well as
increasing efficiency, and real re-
distribution of wealth could not be
achieved through taxation because ‘
firms built it into their costs to be
met by consumers in the end.

Kantor said SA consumers were.
suffering from a lack of confidence,
which made them unwilling to
spend, and from cash flow prob-
lems.

‘The past two Budgets had been
totally unsuitable for a country in
recession and had actually in-
creased revenue from taxation.

“The government does not need
the revenue, it is getting too much.”

Kantor said the SA tax ‘system
should be reformed so that it taxed
consumption instead of income.

Provision should be made for en-
couraging saving by allowing al!
savings as a deduction from indi-

vidual or corporate income tax. ~~~ ~~

Kantor said the Receiver of Rev-
-enue would not be the loser because
a growing economy would mean a
growing tax base and extra savings
would mean extra growth. e

101

JPRS«ssang
“86*07
9 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



Its crew is headed by a Chilean fishing technician whose task it is to train
the Mozambican personnel who will be responsible for the exploitation not only
of the sardines in the lake, but other species as well.

The species abundant here also include the swordfish, known locally as the
n'tchene, which accounts for about 70 percent of the fish population of the
lagoon.

Other species include the clarias, known in this as mulamba, the zambezenze
sinopontys, locally known as n'kolocolo, the mormyirus, known in the region as
nhanda, and the alestes, known as the m'bele, among various others.

Marketing the Fish

Various problems exist in connection with the marketing of the fish in the
settlements in the interior of the province of Tete, as is natural for an

activity which is still developing.

In a first phase, all of the fish caught in the Chicoa Basin was sold by the
provincial enterprise for this branch, the PESCOM. However, this practice
proved inefficient, at least for this stage.

In order to deal with the problem of the great fish shortage experienced even
in the regions nearest the lagoon, it was agreed at a meeting held by the
PESCOM and the Chicoa Combine that the latter would sell the product directly,
at least in the zones within its geographic sphere of influence.

The fact is that since there is no PESCOM outlet in the region, it would not
make much sense for it to have a monopoly on marketing, particularly in the
zones where the combine has a direct influence.

However, since production and marketing are two separate activities, it is to
be hoped that the PESCOM will in the future assume the role of intermediary,
although this need will only make itself felt when the combine has reach its

full production capacity.

With a view to satisfying consumer needs ever more completely, the fishing
combine will also undertake the catching of fish, although structurally this
is not a priority in this phase.

Fishing as such will only be undertaken by the combine using the Pende, while
the other two vessels will be used exclusively for transporting supplies to
the fishermen and collecting their catches.

The fish processed directly by the fishermen is immediately turned over to the
trade circuit when it is received by the combine. The fish received fresh are
processed at the combine, using the sun-drying process.

When we visited the complex, we observed an experiment in preserving fish by

smoking. This small experiment, the results of which have not been utilized
as yet, was supervised by the Chilean fishing technician working there.

42



MOZAMBIQUE REFUGEE CRISIS HITS LEBOWA

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 29 May 86 p 13

[Text ]

JOHANNESBURG. — The Lebowa
Government is faced with an enor-
mous human problem — the influx of
thousands of starving refugees cross-
ing the border from Mozambique into
the homeland.

The Mozambicans, caught in the
crossfire of their country’s simmering
conflict between Renamo and Fre-
limo, have crowded into Lebowa and
other homelands since last year.

The refugees, claiming to have
braved the hazards of landmines, ban-

dits, diseases and wild animals as they -

crossed through the Kruger National

19274

cso: 3400/1902

Park, are settled in camps set up in
;Phalaborwa and Tzaneen.

Lebowa’s secretary for health, Dr
Nehupe Mphahlele, said the number of
refugees in Lebowa has risen to about
5 000 and most are starving and in des-
perate need. . .

Dr Mphahlele said the refugees ar-
rived in the homeland with no clothes
or blankets and suffering from mal-
nourishment and related diseases.

“Right now, Lebowa has no money to
provide medical care and food for the

. thousands of starving refugees. .

“We are waiting to meet the South
African Government and ask for more

84

JPRS*SSA*86+071

9 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

inoney in our budget so that we could
be able to look after the refugees and
their children. But if this is not forth-
coming then we will be faced with a
kingsize problem,” he said.

Earlier this year the South African
Home Affairs. Minister, Dr Stoffel
Botha, warned that the government
would have to consider stepping up
the rate of repatriation of the refugees
if the tide cannot be stemmed.

The estimates of the refugees now
in South Africa has been put at more
than 250 000, of whom about 63 000 are
registered “illegals”.

Mrs Jennifer Njambo is a mother of
-five children, Only three are with her
now and she has no source of income.

She claims to have lost track of her
two sons as they fled from Mozambi-
que across the Kruger Park. |

She says she has given up all hope of
ever finding her sons and suspects
that animals may have eaten them.

Mrs Njambo said she spent three
nights walking through the game re-
serve with her three children, one
strapped to her back.

“My feet were swollen and cracked
and have not healed. But 1 would rath-
er we stay here and starve than go back
to where we came from because there

life was like hell on earth.”


Frolinat Front in order to realize his regional ambitions. And he tried to
raise the Libyan flag in the Aouzou region and give Libyan identity to

~ Ghadians inhabiting Aouzou. As a result, comrdde Hissein Habre became aware

of al-Qadhdhafi's intentions to divide the Chadian people. The division be-
came a reality when Frolinat, which was represented in the Northern Armed
Forces Front led by Hissein Habre, split off to fight against the ambitions
of al-Qadhdhafi who tried to take over the Frolinat Popular Liberation Front
and against the people's armed forces led by Goukouni that were helping al-
Qadhdhafi. He involved them in a secondary battle that had nothing to do with
their desires for liberation and independence.

Since that time the struggle has been between the nationalist Chadians and the
Chadians serving as agents helping al-Qadhdhafi. But after many of al-Qadhd-
hafi's helpers became aware of his aims, goals, and ambitions in Chad, they
rejoined the Frolinat Front of the Nationalist Movement. However, the failure
frightened al-Qadhdhafi and he hired a group of mercenaries who occupied the
city of Faya Largeau in northern. Chad.

[Question] Did al-Qadhdhafi intend to annex a part of Chad or [only] to
impose control? .

[Answer] Al-Qadhdhafi wants to occupy all of Chad. Comrade Hissein Habre,
on the other hand, wants to liberate all of Chad territory occupied by al-
Qadhdhafi and his mercenaries.

He seeks by this occupation to obtain the country's natural wealth, Another
of his aims is to mobilize the Chadians to stir up civil strife and disturb-
ances in the neighboring countries of Sudan and Nigeria and Central Africa.
He dreams of a great republic under his leadership. His goal is like that of
the Zionists who occupied Arab lands in Palestine and drove out their Arab
inhabitants, It is exactly like what Khomeyni is now doing for the same
purpose as that of his ally al-Qadhdhafi in attempting to occupy Iraq and
create a republic under the umbrella of the Islam of Khomeyni who thought it
up. Khomeyni, al-Qadhdhafi, and the Zionists are plotting against the inde-
pendence of the developing countries in the third world with the help of the
great powers.

[Question] To what extent was al-Qadhdhafi able to realize his dreams in Chad

’ and what is France's stand on what is now going on?

[Answer] Al-Qadhdhafi dreams of gold the way Khomeyni dreams of Iraq. He can-
not do anything decisive. But he serves colonial interests in the region and
he promotes the spirit of rebellion and divisiveness among one people. Chad

is the best example of that.

Howéver, France may benefit from the wars now going on, especially in the de-
veloping countries and Third World. They may even serve imperialism and the
major powers by, for example, the importation and testing of weapons. The
result is a slowing of the progress of the developing countries and ultimately
also helping imperialism to produce secret leaders who offer their services
covertly, using and clothing themselves-in big slogans like Islam and fighting

- Ametica. These are men like Khomeyni and al-Qadhdhafi who have rendered im-

portant services to America and to all enemies of Islam.



Briefs
_ -Envoy to. UN Dies

Minister Commends Chinese Experts

Aid “for SA Freedom Fighters

NOTU Uninformed on Strikes

Envoy to Denmark Missing

Changes in District Administration

Price Controls

ZAMBIA

West German Debt Relief Rescheduled for K847 Million
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 29 May 86) eccsccececccccercrersecesrs

Minister Says Present Crime Rate Worries State
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 23 May 86) .ccccssscveccceereeevccecsers

Northern Province To Lay Off 600 Civil Servants
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 23 May 86) ..cceseeseccevererscrscsecerse

SOUTH AFRICA

BLACKS

Firebombers Confess, Claim Police Backing of Attacks
(THE WEEKLY MAIL, 30 May-5 Jun 86; BUSINESS DAY, 29 May 86)

UDF Holds Press Conference, by Jo-Ann Bekker
Erapo Press Conference, by Sophie Tema, Sipho Ngcobo

Correspondent Reports on Continuing Strife in KwaNdebele
(Phillip van Kiekerk; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 23-29 May BO) wevee

NECC's National Secretary on People's Education Program ;
(ingrid Obery; WORK IN PROGRESS, May 86) ..eeeceereeereees

Tshikota Township's Pedi People Resist Removal
(Jo-Anne Collinge; THE STAR, 24 Jun 86) ..sesesceceseceees

ANC Militant Discusses Unfolding of People's War
(Ronnie Kasrils Interview; SECHABA, May 86) ..ecccseeeeeee

Cosatu, SACTU, ANC Issue Joint Communique
(SECHABA, May 86) ...cecseeeees

Cosatu Under Pressure for More Vigorous Antiapartheid Stance
(Wolfgang Mueller-Haeseler; FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE,

21 May 86) wrccccevececowccceccescveccccseereresesere

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Direct production is not its task, for the Chicoa fishing unit has focused its
efforts on mobilizing the many traditional fishermen scattered throughout the
560 square kilometers of the fishing basin.

Last year, the second of the combine's existence, it had already succeeded in
mobilizing and organizing about 260 fishermen in small units. “This task was
not an easy one, Abraao Pira Bau, director general of the Fishing Combine,
admits.

Now, after 3 years, the Chicoa Basin has about 470 traditional fishermen
organized’ in ‘small groups distributed throughout the various working zones.

The Chicoa fishermen's groups are not yet cooperatives, but are fishing zones
in which the combine has now won the confidence of the fishermen through the
incentives offered them. Cooperatives as such will certainly be the logical
outcome of the growth of the small groups of fishermen who are still today
working individually.

Pilot ‘Project for the Region

The implementation of the first work in the final phase of the fishing combine
established in Chicoa, scheduled for this year, will make of that locality a
pilot project lighting the way for the subsequent development of the entire
Cahora Bassa Lagoon region.

This work, for which budget. financing has not yet been arranged, will involve
the building and installation of major economic infrastructures, including an
ice factory and an electrical-energy plant, the building of a water-collection
and treatment station and a small docking port, ship-repair workshops and
installations for the drying and other. processing of fish, among other
substantial projects.

The implementation of this large undertaking, which is to be begun later in
this year, will be added to the Cahora Bassa Hydroelectric Complex. It should
be noted that all of the equipment for the construction and installation of
the cooling system, the electrical-energy network and.the small water-
collection and treatment station is already in Chicoa.

The managers of the combine and the HCB have already met to discuss details
pertaining to the realization of this final stage of the fishing complex.
This. meeting focused attention on the matter of estimating the cost of the
work to be carried out.

Parallel with this, work on the building of masonry houses for the 68 workers
employed by the office unit at present is.already under way in Chicoa. It is
being carried out by a construction brigade belonging to the combine itself.

The. first two houses built by this brigade are already in-use. One is

occupied by the director general of the complex and the other by two foreign
technicians, a Portuguese citizen and a Chilean, who work for the combine.

39



popularising the idea of armed revolutionary
force. Of the other aims of MK itself, what still
remains to be done?

One aim was the training and organisation of our
people as armed combatants; to arm them. That
is now our central Our army exists; we have
a nucleus of trained combatants who are fighting
inside the country, or receiving training abroad.
But of course when we see our people, the peo-
ple of South Africa, still largely-confronting the
enemy with stones in hand, we have to admit that
our aim of arming the people has a long way to
go. That army of stone-throwers: has to be
transformed into an army with weapons. Our
people have the mood and spirit; every stone-
thrower wants a gun. We have to put guns in their
hands

Another ain was to present an effective
method for the overthrow of White supremacy
and the apartheid state. ‘Without an instrument
of force we would be like the proverbial toothless
bulldog bark and no bite. So, for is, another
essential task is the building up of our revolu-
tionary army of the people

We're also achieving the merging of our com-
batants with our people ~~ that, after all, is a
prerequisite for successful armed struggle and
revolution.

We will only have achieved all our goals when
we have achieved the seizure of power.

Not all acts of revolutionary violence in South
Africa today can be attributed to MK; many have
come from among the people. How do you
evaluate these?

In the last two years the insurrectionary mood
of our people has grown; we've seen the people
resorting to acts of force. Such acts have been
inspired by the example of MK, and by the
ANC’s call to the nation, and our people show-
ed their readiness to follow such a lead. Of course
the people are reacting to their conditions of life,
they’ re showing that they demand change. Where
people have no forms of democratic political ex-
pression, then they must — it’s only natural —
find other ways to express their urge for chang-
ed conditions of life, even to the point of sacrific-
ing themselves, even to the-point of death.
We've scen the development among our peo-
ple of forms of warfare, and our people are show-
ing tremendous creativity. We've seen the
growth of barricade tact we've seen the dig-
ging of ditches and traps for the Hippos and
Casspirs; we’ ve seen barbed wire being strung
across the roads to catch the enemy forces; we've
seen the development of street fighting in the
most factical sense, the-most skilful sense, with
the people using the labyrinth of township lanes
and streets to lure the enemy intoambush. We've

70

seen the stone being transformed into the petrol
bomb and hand grenade; we"ve'seen the’ people
using knives to kill police and soldiers; we've
scen the people seizing the enemy’s own weapons
touse against them. Thére was a Story in the Cape
Times last-year of a’boy in Fort Beaufort who
used his catapult to damage-a helicopter flying
‘overhead = this'is a wonderful example of the
weapons our people are able to improvise and
use,-and, side by side with limpet mines and hand
grenades and AKs, home-made weapons have a

_ very important part to play in ouf' struggle.”

We've also seen people counter-attacking in
the White suburbs and city centres, creating con-
fusion and: fear in the enemy’s ranks.

We've seen them attacking the community
councillors and the informers — and here they've
had to resort to rough justice, for the state relies
onits loathsome army of sell-outs and informers,
and, unless a people arisen can purge its com-

munity of the enemy within, it is not possible to
advance. Se

In this way the townships have been made no-
go areas for the enemy. The first line’ of the
enemy's control in the townships has been
destroyed. The enemy can only enter those
townships in massive convoys, and all the time
those armoured convoys are being pelted by
stones and dre under fire from petrol bombs, so
that it’s only for those fleeting minutes, as the
convoy passes the street, that a state force is pre-
Sent. In the vacuum that’s’ left we've seen the
rudimentary organs of people's power being
created. This is a significant development,
because our people are beginning to take con-
trol of their lives, whether it's the question of
keeping the streets clean’ or the question of
responding to the death squads of the enemy and
the izimpimpi. In that situation we're seeing a
people's militia, a people’s self-defence force,
emerging; this is in its embryonic stage, too.
Such developments are of tremendous revolu-
tionary significance, and are part of the whole
climate, the mood of insurrection.

At present;:We;see the people with improvised
weapons fighting the army and the police, and
on the other hand we see MK carrying out a dif-
ferent kind of operation. You spoke earlier about
MK; *inerging ‘with the people. How Is'this to
be done? Is MK a people’s army or the nucleus
of @ people’s army?

With the transformation of the situation at home,

our, base. is ‘once more inside our country,

amongst ‘our ‘people. What has been a low:
intensity war over 25 years is now taking off in-
to fully-fledged armed struggle and people's war,
involving our ‘people in their hundreds of
thousands.';The mass struggle and the armed


organizations of blacks, the African National Congress (ANC) and the Black
Consciousness Movement (BCM). Thus it is understandable that under the
pressure of apartheid in South Africa the black unions found it difficult to
achieve sharp contours. Anyhow they have only been authorized by the white
government since 1979. At most the miners in the mines and the metalworkers
thus far have shown the unity that is expected of labor unions without re-
sorting to a--prohibited--political role.

Thus ‘fat the black or mixed-race labor unions have not constituted any danger
to the white government, especially since frequently they have not been
united. But the picture has now changed.

12356 e
C80: - 3420/3)

79



288131
JPRS-SSA-86-071
9 JULY 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

FBIS

“02k 1060866)

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

wero ey
| NATIONAL TECHNICAL
"INFORMATION SERVICE |
| ie

TS. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
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ALG



Villagization Reportedly Continues in Shoa
(THE KENYA TIMES, 26 May 86) .svoeesseeee

MOZAMBIQUE

UGANDA

Government Launches River Irrigation Projects
(Zephania Ubwani; SUNDAY NEWS, 25 May 86) ..ececeeeeereres

Inhambane Governor on Drought, Other Economic Problems

(Jose Pascoal Zandamela; NOTICIAS, 17 May 86) ....eeseeeee

Major Grain Storage Complex Inaugurated in Chokwe
(NOTICIAS, 19, 20 May 86) scscececccvccccerscsccevsccceces

Governors Attend Ceremony
To Promote Food Production —

Mabote Expects Poor Harvest Results Due to Seed Delay
(NOTICIAS, 27 May 86) .....66

Water Works, Construction Projects in Nampula at Standstill
(NOTICIAS, 20 May 86) .escceccecececcccecscrcecsscensscene

Small-Scale Farming Encouraged in Nampula
(Rogerio Sitoe; NOTICIAS, 6 May 86) .ecsssscceeescssvesecs

Manioc Cultivation Urged To Fight Drought in Vilanculo
(NOTICIAS, 27 May 86) cecccaveccccevcvccssecccsssceseveecs

New Hybrid Coconut Palms To Promote Zambezia Copra Production
(NOTICIAS, 17 May 86) ..ccececcceccccovevecceccscceseseoes

Fishing Sector Development To Be Centered on Chicoa Basin
(Benjamin Faduco; NOTICIAS, 9 May 86) .esecececeeveseceres

Inhassoro Fish Production Reported Low
(NOTICIAS, 27 May 86) weccceeccccvececccccccccesccseeusees

Briefs
Tripartite Meeting in Inhambane
Delegation to FRG .
Maputo Floating Dock
Mozambicans in Moscow

Problems in Country's Reconstruction Indicated
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 23 Apr 86) wevccceccuccecescceercece

Islamic Bank Provides Water Supply Aid
(FOCUS, 29 Apr 86) sreccceseveccrncerscrecccecceceececeers

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JPRS+SSA+86°071
9 July 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

MABOTE EXPECTS POOR HARVEST RESULTS DUE TO SEED’ DELAY
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese :27 May 86 p 3

[Text] The district of Mabote, located in the northwestern part of Inhambane
Province, does not anticipate positive’ results to be accrued during the current
harvest, owing to the late arrival of seed, This fact caused the seed received
in the district to’be distributed in only. three of Mabote's eight localities.

In an interview granted to our correspondent, the administrator of Mabote,
Alberto Ngovene, disclosed that it was only in the headquarters-localities of
Massengue and Chitanga, whére seed’'was distributed, that the population managed
to sow it on the ground. However, there are no prospects for a good harvest,
owing to the lack of rain. Corn, sorghum, bean and peanut seed was distributed,
as were machetes, hoes, and axes, to the population of those localities.

The Mabote administrator claimed: "Because the seed arrived late, it was :
impossible to distribute it to the population in the localities of Maculuve,
Tanguane, Zimane, Papate, and Jofane, so that they might carry out the planting,
owing to the great’ distance separating them from the headquarters, combined
with the lack of transportation."

In view of this situation, the administrator of that district said that the
population of the six localities which did not produce in this agricultural
campaign would even have to rely on food assistance for their survival. . Although
there was a lack of rainfall during this campaign, he noted that if it had. been
possible for the seed to arrive early in those localities, the situation would
have been different.

On the-other hand, considering the improvement in the district's military.
situation, the administrator of Mabote remarked that the population.is still
making an effort to raise cattle and small species of animals, as well as
engaging in beekeeping.

30 Communal Villages Created

Regarding the process of organizing the population displaced from its areas of
origin because of the drought and the activity of the armed bandits, on sites

27



JPRS*SSA=86+071
9 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

SURVEYS SAYS PWV BLACKS OPT FOR NEGOTIATIONS
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 29 May 86 p 3
[Article by Gerald Reilly]

[Text ] : ACLEAR majority of the 1 300 black
~ respondents in the PWV. area have
opted for negotiation as a means of
solving South Africa’s, problems
and ending violence. t
This is one result of a recent survey
‘conducted by the Human Sciences
Research Council (HSRC). .* ~

It has also been shown that a growing
number of whites favour black par-.
liamentary representation, The ac-
tual figures will be in a full report
on the survey to be released soon.

Dr Nic Rhoodie, who led the survey‘

: team, said these were the two most
significant findings so far in the
continuing survey. ~

In spite ‘of the turmoil and violence in
country at present, the major-

ity (66%) of blacks were prepared
to talk and rejected violence as a-
solution. Rhoodie said with the un-

» rest, a much bigger white backlash .
against black parliamentary rep-
resentation was expected.

However, it was found that’ an in-
creasing number of whites were
ready to face up to power-sharing,
and to the disappearanceiof apart-
heid. On the issue of consumer boy-
cotts, locally, Rhoodie said, respon-
dents were equally divided.
between opposing them and fa-*
vouring them — about 48% on:
either side. a

On international boycotts, 68% op-

~_ posed them and 27% gave support...

On disinvestment, most blacks polled
(68%) were opposed to this as a
strategy to destroy apartheid, and
27% believed it could ultimately
destroy apartheid. Sods

To the question “Do you think you can

h gain anything from violence in the

: future?” 39% said they could. A
year ago the comparable figure

+? was less than 20%." 5 5 Fv oy

19274

cso: 3400/1902
! 86



was granted, He referred all enquiries
about the allegations of violence to
Mkatipi.

MIKE LOEWE reports that the
launch flop could not have been made
public at a more embarrassing time —
three hours into the rally.

A crowd of 20 000 had turned out '
for Sunday’s rally, called specifically”
for the launch. The mood was jubilant
and festive. The throng erupted into
song when a coffin bearing the

. inscription “PW Botha” was displayed
before the crowd in Port Elizabeth’s -
+ Dan Qege Stadium.

After three hours of waiting, the
crowd gave a tumultuous greeting to.
the trade unionists who had been

uholding a two-day -closed-door «
regional congress.  « 7 3

‘The picnic mood was cut dead by the
national Cosatu vice-president,
Makhulu Ledwaba, Who announced

f that inter-union “differences” had
revented the election of four
gional executive members, and that
i’ the launch rally had been postponed.

Tt was, he said, the second Eastern
Cape launch: attempt to have failed.
~The first had been thwarted by a
magisterial banning order in January.
Local trade union leaders tried to
heer the crowd with workers’ songs
# and slogans. But the unionists had to
! endure a blistering dressing down ;
from Ledwaba, who. effectively
{accused them of being directionless.
©” Ledwaba told the rally: “I want all

the workers from: different

establishments and industries to come
+ together and give direction to their
‘ delegates.” remot

= The postponement followed two.

days of deliberation over “a number
of issues” at the regional congress.
“But this regional congress was
‘unable :z&' maybe because of. certain

The First--and Only--Merger Beats the Deadline

THE Congress of SA Trade Unions’\
(Cosatu) slogan, “One union, one}
industry”, takes more concrete form.
this weekend with the first union
merger in the new federation. — .
‘The merger, between the previously .
Fosatu-affiliated Transport and.
Gerieral Workers Union (TGWU) and
sthe Cape Town-based General :
Workers Union (GWU), will takeé
place in Pietermaritzburg. . i
Tt is the first and only merger within
Cosatu to meet the federation’s self-*
imposed aim of having one union in*
each industry within six months of its ,
Jaunch in December last year. The 4
deadline runs out next week. © - va
Talks are going ahead in the metal.
and engineering sectors for a merger, 4
which will include motor industry.
workers in one very large union. *-:
And in the food sector, a new single *
union — bringing together the Food *
and Canning Workers Union and the:
Sweet, Food and Allied Worker:
Union — is expected to be forme:
early next month,” . 8
‘The union that will be formed in this ;;
weekend’s merger — to be called the
Transport and General Workers }
Union — will have about 24 000
members and will operate in a sector,
employing nearly 400 000.

19274

cso: 3400/1899

*** «crucial issue confronting the new”
‘union is the awesome prospect of
“organising railway workers, who’
constitute about 75 percent of all
ztransport workers. There cannot be”
many in the labour movement who
rhave forgotten the long and, in the“
“end, .unsuccessful battle that’ the-
-relatively small GWU put up against";
SATS in the Port Elizabeth docks i >
$1982.00 wo
*- While the two merging unions agree
“that ‘railway “workers ° should be}
‘organised by ‘a transport. workers’
sunion, itis :a matter ‘of.some i
controversy in Cosatu itself.
{The SA Allied Workers» Union:
“(GAAW), which has somé. SATS ,
workers among its members in the °
Transvaal, has argued. that railway
‘workers should be organised in a
4

‘separate union, ad
- Even within the new union, the “onc
Fynion,-one industry” aim ‘does not *
translate neatly into teality. TGWU -
will bring about 14 000”signed-up .
j.members to the new union, 6.000! of
j which, are municipal, workers and’?
2.000 of.which are employed in the
cleaning and security sector: About
; half the GWU’s 10 000 members are ,
employed inthe building supplies
< industty:." ane tee

81

idifferences that Exist? "Or maybe
“because of personalities that exist —
‘40 elect four people who will look
i after the region,” he said.
{. He had also been disappointed to
Tjearn there were still “differences of
yviewpoint” thought to have been
iaesolved at Cosatu’s national launch,
ton November 30 last year.
4: However, thé regional congress had
yresolved that the launch would go
vahead at a later date and would be
taddressed by national Cosatu leaders,
sbut only after the regional executive
had been elected. .
¢° Journalists present at the rally were
Lasked ‘not to. misconstrue those
problems as a sign of. serious divisions |
in Cosatu. an:
i-- “They are only problems, and are
‘not the first in the South African
liberation struggle,”-a speaker told the
rally.

4 TGWU general secretary, Jan
" Barrett, said her union’s position was
* that the-1 000 transport workers
> within municipalities should remain in
“the new TGWU. Other municipal
workers would move into a new union
fas soon as i ractically possible”.
As for the cleaning and security”
: workers, Barrett said the union “had
“always pushed quite hard that they
should come in with transport
(workers).
“One reason for this is that they are
“already in our union, the other is that !
they form part of the services sector,
where wages are low and the workers
are extremely vulnerable. So we felt it
was important that they be linked with
other workers in the transport ,
sector.” ‘
‘-TGWU also has close on 6 000
* members in the goods and passenger
§ transport sectors.
The. organisational backbone of the
“GWU is its national membership
+ among stevedores; which constitute!
‘the majority of its 4 000, transport
sector members. “> :
*-"Both unions are confident that the
ew-found official co-operation
between them will be a merger in the
truest sense of the world. ~



JPRS*SSA~86+071
9 July 1986

DJIBOUTI

DETAILS PROVIDED ON DEPARTURE OF ADEN ROBLEH AWALEH
Dismissed From Ministry
Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 17 May 86 p 3

{Text ] After being expelled on May 9 from the politbureau of Djibouti's
only political party, the Rassemblement Populaire pour le Progres (RPP),
the former minister for trade, transport and tourism, Aden Robleh Awaleh,
fled the country on May 12 for Ethiopia. He was accompanied by another
member of the national assembly, Omar Elmi Khaireh, who was elected in
1982, and before independence had been a senior member of the Front de
Liberation de la Cote des Somalis (FCLS) which Aden Robleh headed after
1970.

{Commentary by] THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER:~ The decision to expel Aden
Robleh Awaleh, who was a founder-member of the RPP and had been third vice-
president of the party, since its formation in 1979, was taken at a meeting
held at President Hassan Gouled's residence at Arta. This exceptional
measure, the first of its type in the RPP's history, struck at one of the
leading pretenders to the succession after the president's mandate ends in
June next year.

Although he officially resigned from his ministerial office on March 30,
1983 for health reasons, Aden Robleh was in fact dismissed in the wake of

a financial scandal which rocked the national airline, Air Djibouti. However
he kept his party post as the head of state tried to cover up the affair.
THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER, which even before Mr Robleh's resignation had
revealed his share of the responsibility for Air Djibouti's problems, was
sued for libel. This month, however, Djibouti's semi-official weekly news-
paper La Nation finally published a long article on the serious difficulties
which the airline has experienced.

In spite of these setbacks Aden Robleh never stopped pursuing his supreme
goal, to become President of the Republic. Being the best placed person of
authority of Issa origin in the politbureau, and one of the!ledding figures
in the fight for independence, he considered he had a legitimate right to
succeed Hassan Gouled. For many years, however, he has come up against the
ambitions of other politbureau members, notably the minister for foreign af-
fairs, Mowmin Bahdon Farah, who is of the same clan (the Yonis-Moussa branch
of the Abgals).



JPRS*SSA~86-071
9 July 1986

UGANDA

ISLAMIC BANK PROVIDES WATER SUPPLY AID
Kampala FOCUS in English 29 Apr 86 p 3

[Text] There is urgent need to increase the capacity of water supply in Kam-
pala because within the next four years the population of the city will have
nwisen to 1.5 million people.

Thus the National Water Sewage Corporation is in the process of stepping up its
water supply to the city from the current 60,000 cubic metres to 100,010 cubic
metres per day.

This has been revealed by the Managing Director of the National Water and Sew~
age Corporation Mr H. 0. Onek in an interview with FOCUS yesterday in Kampala.

He disclosed that with the completion of Ggaba Water Project reconstruction,

where a second pumping station is being built, and the finishing of the cur-

rent laying of water pipes, a total of 1.2 million people in the city will be
served with water.

He added that the Corporation is building two reserve tanks of double capacity
at Muyenga. This is in addition to other reserve tanks which are planned to
be constructed at Kololo, Nagulu and Mutungo. Renovations for small tanks
around Kampala city will also be implemented.

The current laying of pipes will pass through Muyenga, Kiira Road Jinja Road
and Nakasero. The project which is being financed with a loan of 4.2 million
dollars from the Islamic Development Bank began in the middle of last year.
The labour cost for the project was estimated at 57.25 million shillings also
covers the construction of the storage tanks. Both projects are being ad-
ministered by the European Economic Community (EEC).

Mx Onek further noted that a World Bank project of 10.5 miblion dolkars for
the reconstruction of the water systems of the towns of Kampala, Jinja and
Entebbe is also under execution. And 17.5 million dollars is allocated for
water projects in the towns of Tororo, Mbale, Mbarara and Masaka.

He revealed that during the reign of Idi Amin not even a single water installa~- —~.
tion was made, which partly explains the present bad state of the water system.

For example, out of the 12 pumps which had been operating at Ggaba water supply
station only four remained in operation because by then there were no spare
parts available so as to carry repairs.

19274

cso: 3400/1969 5h



Pieter Botha stressed that anyone bringing terrorist arms into South Africa and
anyone who kills innocent people "must be hunted down."

In a note distributed by its diplomatic representatives abroad, the Botha government
develops the same idea: "The Republic of South Africa is firmly resolved to use all
means at its disposal against terrorists, wherever they may be found. It is our
duty and our right to protect our people against such terrorist acts and we will
diligently perform our duty. The actions undertaken were carried out with the high-
est sense of responsibility and only after due consideration."

Most American [as published; African?] States Did Not Protest

The surprise expressed concerning the event was without foundation. The governments
of the three countries that complained of having been attacked by South Africa--
but which were not...--knew very well what they were exposing themselves to when
they gave shelter to the ANC elements. In addition to the series of events taking
place over a period of 5 years, they could not have been unaware of the warning to
this effect made publicly by the South African defense minister.

There was no reason for the surprise. There may have been reasons for the protests,
made by Larry Speakes on behalf of the White House, by Dutch minister Hans van den
Broek on behalf of the EEC, by Senegal's President Abou Diouf on behalf of the OAU,
and by other statesmen of greater or lesser importance on behalf of their govern-
ments--but all of us are already familiar with these reasons: they are those im-
posed by the lack of political intelligence on a worldwide scale, by democratic-
socialist mythology and by the need to lose neither United Nations votes nor econom:
ic advantages in the Third World camp.

Interestingly, most African states--with the exception, of course, of the "front-
line!’ nations--reacted much less vigorously than did the Europeans and the Ameri-
cans. Argentina severed relations with the Republic of South Africa, but this was
not done nor will it be done by the nations of southern Africa, which are economic-
ally dependent upon their detested neighbor.

The Europeans and the Americans should not forget that. The Americans, especially,
should not forget that in the U.S. Congressional Record there are transcripts of the
revelations made by Igor Glagolev after having asked for political asylum at the
Statue of Liberty in 1976. Revelations on the basis of which no doubt was left
about the essence of the conflict in southern Africa and the heavy Marxist content
that characterizes the African National Congress.

And Igor Glagolev should be taken at his word: the former researcher of the Soviet
Academy of Sciences was a Kremlin consultant on its plans for sovietizing the Afri-
can continent. That's all.

8834
csO: 3442/238

93



talking about the task of bringing military skills
and training to the people, and building up
reserves of arms inside the country so that side
by side with the developing armed struggle (car-
ried out in the first instance by the advance
detachments) we have the schooling of the peo-
ple in the use of arms, building on their own use
of rudimentary forms of warfare and the im-
provisation of weaponry; being able to bring
weapons into their hands, being able to organise
them into disciplined groups. As the struggle
develops, so more and more of the popular
masses are brought into organised forms of peo-
ple’s war and swell the ranks of the people’s ar-
my, In this way the nucleus — or the vanguard
— bridges the gap between itself and the masses,
and finds ways of arming the people and creating
the revolutionary army we speak about.

‘The question of how to win over the third cle-
ment, some sections of the enemy’s army and
police, is an extremely important one. We are
not talking about winning over huge numbers
from the enemy army, but certainly affecting it
in such a way as to render it less efficient to the
state.

In our situation, where we now have bantustan

armies and where the state needs more and more *

Blacks to do their dirty work for them, we have
the chance of working within the enemy forces,
and winning over at least some Black soldiers'and
police, if not some progressive-minded Whites
We see that there are certainly possibilities of af-
fecting the troops in the White conscript army.
This would mean the organisation of specialis-
ed structures dealing with work within the enemy
forces; for that work needs to involve the crea-
tion of underground groups and organs of the
movement within the enemy forces, the creation
of patriotic and democratic groups and organisa-
tions affecting the enemy forces,:such as the arm-
ed forces movement in Portugal, and also the
conduct of agitational and propaganda work
among the enemy forces and among the civilian
population.
Where this work is successful, the enemy arm-
ed forces and police will be undermined, and
+ decomposed froni within; elements will be
neutralised, and, at crucial times, the revolu-
tionary army of the people may find its ranks in-
creased’ by some elements of the enemy forces
ready to pass over to the side of the revolution.
During the process, we gather our forces, build
our combat units, and develop from a nucleus
toa fully-fledged people’s army waging a peo-
ple's war. The stage of an armed uprising may
well arise during this process, where the goal of
seizing political power will be achieved.
The time scale may be protracted, or more
rapid than we imagine.

72

5

From what you say, comrade, it seems we've
ome quite a way from the classical foriti of gticr~
filla watfare. The task of MK in South Africa
has always differed from the task of guerrilla
movements elsewhere in Southern Africa and the
world — the terrain isn’t thickly wooded; there’s
‘an absence of friendly borders; ftiuch MK work
has to be done in the cities. To what extent have
these conditions constituted problems for MK,
or to what extent have they deterrhined MK’s
mode of working? Loe "

It would be helpful to remind oursélves that there
are various forms of revolutionary violence, not
only guerrilla warfare, Comrade Mandela cited
four at thé Rivonia Trial: armed uprising or in-
surrection,’ sabotage, civil war, terrorism. A
revolutionary people’s army can use any one of
any compilation of these forms of foree, and the
choice will depend on the existing conditions in
a country.

Guerrilla warfare in its classical sense conjures
up images of liberated zones, friendly borders.
rear bases, large detachments, forest and moun-
tain sanctuaries, which do not appear to be readi-
ly attainable in gur situation.

This is not to mule out the pos
rilla actions in the rural areas or bantu
Africa is large, has lengthy borders
tainous areas and plenty, ifinextensive, areas of
bush. For most of 1984, some of our combatants
managed to Jivé and organise among the people
in the Lebombd' Mountains in the Ingwavuma
area, and this example gives us the understai-
ding and the itispitation to repeat such uetivities,
The''countryside offers us possibilities of
developing guetrilla actions, dlthough the con-
ditions and the terrain will of necessity reduce *
the sizé of ouriunits operating in uch areas.

It’s a question of getting the correct t lance.
Of course, the titban areas are vital terrain of our
struggle, and the decade of rebellion has certairily
reminded us of this. At the same time, we must
be aware of our weakness in the countryside and
in the bantustahs particularly, {hough It is en-
cousraging to see that the revolt Uf the ownships
has spread ‘to many rural s¢ttlements. Only
recently ‘we've seen the strtiggle develop in
Bophuthatswatih, in the northern and eastern
‘Transvaal, as It had already developed in the
small villages dnd dorps of the eastern Cape.

For the devélopment of our people's war we
have to move forward side by side, the people
of the towns dint! the people of the countryside.
The enemy's ‘great weakness is his nlimbe
which are so.féw compared to the people's, f
isolation and {He vast tracts of our country and
il borders that he has to police and control, so
that activity adywhere in our country, irmed
blows anywhdre in our country, people's



State Sector

The state sector should reach 80 percent of the planned goal during this farm
season, which is obviously rather positive. Although this is true in
comparison to earlier years, this goal, given the present farm situation in
the province, is quite insignificant, because the farm areas in the state
sector have declined by about 50 percent in recent years, due to the war.

Only 6,000 hectares are expected to be cultivated, as the overall figure for
the state sector. Contrary to what is happening in the family sector,
production is virtually paralyzed in a large number of the areas in the state
sector, some of which are of strategic importance to production in the
province--Malema, Ribaue, Moma and Meconta.

The planning official at the Provincial Agricultural Office said ‘that the
situation has been aggravated by the fact that the workers have to be
transported to the fields in trucks, which are the targets of enemy action.
On the other hand, the manpower in this sector is very vulnerable, with the
numerous rumors circulating about the existence of bandits serving to paralyze
production for weeks. .

In order to deal with this situation or at least to reduce its negative
effects, the provincial government has decided that the state agricultural
enterprises should be concentrated in the areas where there is the least
threat to production... In this way resources are being rationalized, and some
few areas are achieving acceptable production levels.

"Militiamen have been trained for each enterprise, and they guarantee security
while at the same time participating in the productive process. This
experiment has proved quite successful, and it is thanks to it that the
province has not yet seen the collapse of the state sector.”

It is important to note that the sabotage actions of the armed bandits in the
farm sector have had their principal effect on the profit-yielding crops,
cotton above all, because of its strategic importance to the country in
bringing in foreign exchange. The bandits destroy state farms, intimidate the
people who produce the cotton, and at the same time force them to raise other
products which are not compatible with the cultivation of cotton.

5157
CS0:3442/224

33


Paradoxically, although Inhassoro and Nova-Mambone are located in Inhambane,
much of the fish caught is removed and consumed outside the province, primarily
in Sofala and Manica. Of the production achieved during the first quarter of
this year in those two centers, 157 tons were removed to Sofala and Manica.

On the other hand, the city of Inhambane received only 2 tons of dried fish,
and the districts of Massinga, Homoine, and Jangamo managed to'’remove a total
of 65 tons.

2909
CSO: 3442/235

A5



rustling from Teso and Lango provinces (AC Vol 27 No 5). Large
groups of well-armed Karamojong raiders, especially if they were
supported by senior army officers, could not be countered.

The only way to stop the rustling and reduce the

anarchy is to find water for the Karamojong. A few
boreholes have been drilled - water is certainly there.
Once this is done they could improve their cattle.
Until now, because of the lack of water and poor
conditions, their cattle have been poorly bred. That
was an added incentive for stealing the much better
animals from Lango and Teso. One obvious danger
is a too rapid change from semi-nomadism to pasto-
ralism: it can destroy a fragile environment.
@ Satisfying the Baganda. Despite the genocide in the
Luwero triangle, the Baganda’s taste for party politics appears
undiminished. The dominance of western Ugandans (notably
Banyankole like Museveni, an added incentive for Baganda
activists to stake their political claims before the new NRM
dispensation is finalised. With Kampala, the civil service and the
business community dominated by Baganda, the NRM will have
to play its cards cautiously.

A lot of Baganda would like their royalty back -
in the form of Prince Ronnie Mutebi, the Kabaka.
The prince, who toured western Uganda with the
NRA before the Okello regime fell, seems to get on
well with Museveni. If Mutebi were to return as an
active Kabaka, or perhaps as a minister, the Baganda
might build him up as an independent power-centre -
to the obvious disadvantage of Museveni. But if the
prince returned to his family home, kept a low-
profile and refrained from politics, he could help
restore confidence in Buganda.

Other Bantu tribes, like the Banyoro and the
Batoro, once had royal families too. Indeed, the
Banyoro, a lapsed warrior people, for generations
had terrible battles with the Baganda. But only the

19274

CSO: 3400/1969

Baganda have retained a royalist bent.

The NRM’s decision last month to ban political
activity was inevitable. Such a decimated country
cannot afford party politics now. Museveni’s benign,
dictatorial style is the most practicable way of run-
ning Uganda for the time being. There are some
ambitious political scientists in the NRM, including,
it is always said, Kategaya, who might like to run a
centralised single party apparatus. However, until
the machinery of government is installed, that will
have to wait. Anyhow, most Ugandans’ intense
dislike of the political potentates thrust upon them
over the years will bolster more /aissez-faire pro-
ponents. Clearing the bush, building houses and
rebuilding everything should consume most energy
for a long time. The countless thousands of human
skulls littering the countryside are a reminder of the
price of failure. ,

Footnotes

1. Former government troops, once weaned of their more violent

colleagues, are ‘‘politically re-educated’’ by NRA political

otficers. There are camps for this purpose at Lira, Masindi,

Gulu and probably clsewhere. The usual message about one

Uganda and the need for peace is given. We understand that

is sometimes followed by rather more simple slogans.

The NRM has offered, in principle, to retrain any soldier who

wants to pursue a civilian career.

|. We understand about 5,000 Acholi are there. They arrived at
Nimule with four helicopters (three military and one civilian),
dozens of vehicles, including Mercedes cars, and a large arsenal
of weapons, most of which are now in SPLA hands. Up to
25,000 Acholi, West Nilers and even Teso had crossed into
Sudan by the end of March. (12,500 are officially registered
with UNHCR). Museveni and SPLA leader John Garang
apparently get on well together. Garang, who would welcome
an opportunity to become less dependent on Ethiopia, might
in due course establish close ties with the NRM government.
Maj-Gen. Peter Cirillo, the Sudanese government army com-
mander in Equatoria, firmly believes Museveni is a Marxist
who is indeed bound to help the SPLA.

eoP

50



JPRS«SSA-86~07)1
9 July 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

TRIPARTITE MEETING IN INHAMBANE--On Monday, in the city of Inhambane, the Third
Conference of the’ Control Committees of the FRELIMO Party, the MPLA-PT

[Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola-Labor Party] of Angola, and

the Congolese Labor Party, opened. The conference, the main purpose of which
is to exchange views among the three parties' Control Committees, is part of
the regular contacts attesting to the cordial relations among the three African.
parties. Arriving in Maputo yesterday to participate in the tripartite confe-
rence was the Congolese delegation, headed by the chairman of the.Congolese
Labor Party's Control Committee, Obami Itou Andre. Upon its arrival in Maputo,
the delegation received greetings welcoming it from Mariano Matsinha,. secretary
of the FRELIMO Party's Control Committee. In statements to the press, Obami
Itou Andre said that this was not the first time that those party departments
had met, but rather the third, and hence there is experience in organizing
meetings of this kind. The head of the Congolese delegation said: “Our periodic
meetings are aimed at exchanging views. We discuss topics associated with party
control, because both in Angola, Mozambique, and the Congo, we find the same
type of problems within our parties." The head of the PCT [Congolese Labor
Party] Control Committee also remarked that these meetings, which are held
annually, are a good initiative, because the discussion of the problems of
each one reinforces the friendship among all three parties. The delegation
from the MPLA-Labor Party is expected in Maputo today. From there, the three
party delegations will leave for the city of Inhambane. Yesterday afternoon,
the Congolese delegation visited sites of historical and cultural interest

in our nation’s capital. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 May 86 p 1]

2909

DELEGATION TO FRG--A delegation from our country is visiting the Federal Repub-
lic of Germany at the invitation. of the "Greens" party. The delegation consists
of. Antonio Sumbana and Geraldo Chirindza, high-ranking officials from our
country's Ministry of Foreign Affairs. At meetings held on Thursday in Bonn,
the Mozambican delegation denounced South Africa for not fulfilling the N'’komati
Accord, Antonio Sumbana and Geraldo Chirindza charged that Pretoria is still
backing the armed bandits in our country, violating the accord whereby South
Africa and our country pledged to respect each other..and not become involved

in acts of hostility on either side, They said that, despite that violation
our country will continue "to abide strictly by the. accord signed in March

1984, to prove to the international community our desire to live in peace with

46



JPRS“SSA-86-071
9 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

COSATU, SACTU, ANC ISSUE JOINT COMMUNIQUE

Lusaka SECHABA in English May 86 pp 11, !12

[Text ]

This communique was issued jointly by COSATU,
SACTU and the ANC.

Detegations of the Executive of the Congress of
South African Trade Unions (COSATU) the Na-
tional Executive Committee of the South African
Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU) and the Na-
tional Executive Committee of the African Na-
tional Congress (ANC) met in Lusaka on Sth and
6th March 1986.

‘The respective delegations were led by Com-
rade Jay’ Naidoo, General Secretary of
COSATU, Comrade John K Nkadimeng,
General Secretary of SACTU and Comrade
Oliver Tambo, President of the ANC. During the
course of the discussions COSATU and SAC-
TU held a separate session to discuss matters of
common interest as trade unionists.

‘The mecting resulted from the common con-
cern of all parties arising from the fundamental
and deep-seated economic, social and political
crisis into which the Botha regime and the apart-
heid system of national oppression and class ex-
ploitation have plunged our country. There was
common understanding that the Pretoria regime
and the ruling class of South Africa are powerless
to provide any real and meaningful solutions to
this general crisis, that lasting solutions can on-
ly emerge from the national liberation move-
ment, headed by the ANC, and the entire
democratic forces of our country, of which
COSATU is an important and integral part.

In this regard it was recognised that the fun-
damental problem facing our country, the ques-
tion of political power, cannot be resolved
without the full participation of the ANC, which
is regarded by the majority of the people of South
Africa as the overall leader and genuine
representative.

‘The meeting recognised that the emergence of
COSATU as the giant democratic and pro-
gressive trade union federation in our country is
an historic event in the process of uniting our

working class and will immeasurably strengthen
the democratic movement as a whole.

After extensive discussions on the current in-
ternal and international situation, characterised
by a warm spirit of comradeship, the three
delegations agreed on a number of important
issues. They agreed that the solution to the prob-
lems facing our country lies in the establishment
ot a system of majority rule in a united,
democratic and non-racial South Africa. Further,
that in the specific conditions of our country it
is inconceivable that such a system can be
separated from economic emancipation. Our
people have been robbed of their land, deprived
of their due share in the country’s wealth, their
skills have been suppressed and poverty and star-
vation has been their life experience. The cor-
rection of these centuries old economic injustices
lies at the core of our national aspirations. Ac-
cordingly they were‘united not only in their op-
positon to the entire apartheid system, but also
in their common undefstanding that victory must
embrace more than formal political democracy.

COSATU Position

The Cosatu delegation explained that the prin-
cipal tasks facing their federation is to consolidate
their membership and affiliates, rapidly effect
conversion of the general unions which are part
of Cosatu into an industry-based union, within
each industry bring about mergers in order to
realise the principle of one industry, one union
and to unite the entire working force of our coun-
try under the banner of Cosatu. At the same time,
as a representative of our working class, Cosatu
is seized with the task of engaging the workers
in the general democratic struggle, both as an in-
dependent organisation and as an essential com:
ponent of the democratic forces of our country.
In this regard, the advancement of the interests
of the workers and the democratic struggle of our
people requires that Cosatu, in working together
with the other democratic mass organisations,
seek to build disciplined alliances so as to ensure

75



EXPATRIATES 'FLOODING' TRANSKEI JOB MARKET CALLED DISTURBING

East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 31 May

{Text] _

19274
cso:

UMTATA — ‘The Depart-
ment of Interior was
attacked yesterday be-
cause of the number of
expatriates in Transkei
who were “flooding the
‘employment market.”

‘The Deputy Leader of
the Opposition Demo-
“cratic Progressive Party
(DPP), Chief Ntsi-
kayezwe Sigcau, of
Tabankulu, warned the
government that many
expatriates were re-
sponsible for the coups
in several African coun-
tries.

He accused expatri-
ates of being spies and
informers.

Border post control
should be tightened.

The MP for Butter-

‘worth, Mr Witness Tam-
sanga, told the House
that the government
must’ be careful about
granting settlement or

working permits to fore- - “|

*igners,

He said there were
many expatriates who

3400/1978

left their countries to
come and flood the li-
mited employment mar-
ket in Transkei.

“We cannot tolerate
this because there are
children who have pas-
sed matric and have no
jobs and this is their
country where they must

be employed, instead of

expatriates.

:| We have examples of

this. nature because in
igeria it was disco-

vered the expatriates

were the bosses and did

not even respect the

titizens of that country
vafter being allowed to
york there. They were
immediately sacked and
hased out of the coun-
try,” Mr Tamsanga said.

» He agreed with Mr Pe-
.ter Powell who had cam-
Palgned in the British
Parliament that all ex-

patriates be returned to
their countries.

}Mr Tamsanga said

«some of the expatriates

“were not technicians or
specialists in their
fields, but were doing
jobs which could be
done by Transkeians,

“What is disturbing is

85

86 p 4

that I have discovered
there are now foreigners
who manage shops. Our
children are hungry.
These people are not
specialists. Why should
this be allowed? °
“Surely if we want to
protect our people, we
must not let expatriates
flood the already scarce
employment market,”
Mr.Tamsanga said.

Mr. Tamsanga said bf
the 133 foreigners who
had been granted Trans-
kei citizenship, he
hoped that those were
coloureds and , whites
who grew up in the
country.

. He said the govern-
ment must also be aware
of ex-Rhodesians who
fled Mr Robert Mugabe's
government, They were
employed in many firms
as managers or as per-
sonnel officers and some

. of them were undermin-

ing Transkeians.

“At times one finds
that they advertise a
post only to find out that
when a Transkeian is
appointed as a person-
nel manager, he does a
messenger’s job.”

JPRS~SSA~86-071
9 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



They are prefabricated houses, each with four bedrooms, living room, kitchen
and bathroom, as well as a spacious veranda. The two houses were built on a
small rock elevation less than 100 meters from the edge of the lagoon.
Immediately opposite are two small islands which make the site a pleasant
location for living and relaxation.

Three othet buildings of real brick are being completed at the same site.
They include two separate houses of the two and three-bedroom type and a
duplex with eight rooms, four on each side. This last dormitory-type
puilding is intended for the use of single workers.

This same brigade will also build a dining room in the course of this year.
It will also serve as a social center for the Chicoa complex. The
productive area of the fishing center is located in the lower part of the
zone, while the residential area is in the upper part. The two areas are
about 1000 meters apart.

At the same time, the Chicoa fishing complex is developing as the only
population settlement in the zone, since the hamlets lie along a line about 10

kilometers from the lake.

Operation of the Combine

The approximately 470 traditional fishermen included in the combine are
distributed in six fishing zones, which lie along the length of the Chicoa
Basin, specifically in the zone at that site and the Nhantymbsa, Chipalapala,
Nhambando, Manherere and Muambazana zones. a

Except for the fisherman in Nhambando and Manherere, who deliver their fish to
the combine already processed, the fishermen in the other operational zones
deliver their product still fresh. oS

The Small-Scale Fishing Office Unit has two vessels, with a capacity of 3 and
5 tons of freight, respectively, for collecting the fish fromthe different
catch zones.

The Chicoa fishing unit sells salt to the fishermen who process their own
product. The average monthly requirement is 10 tons of salt.

The director of the complex said that serious difficulties have been
encountered recently in supplying these fishermen with salt.

The condition of the roads between Sofala and Tete has affected the deliveries
of salt not only to the fishermen in Chicoa in particular, but to the entire
province of Tete generally, as well.

The fishermen in the region continue to use their dugout canoes in their work.
Each of these vessels can carry three men and about 150 kilograms of fish, on
an average.

Net fishing is the predominant technique used throughout the Cahora Bassa
Lagoon. Trawling has not yet been introduced in this region, since there are

40



JPRS-SSA-86-071
9 JULY 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Israel Offers Drought Aid on Arid Land Farming
(THE CITIZEN, 30 May 86) .cccccccscccceccercescsccessescees

Population, Development Council Established in Nairobi
(THE DAILY NATION, 29 May 86) see eeteeececeewesevevceareee

BOTSWANA

Briefs
Swedish Foreign Minister Visit

CHAD

Minister Discusses Current Situation During Baghdad Visit
(Muhammad Isma'il Interview; AL-DUSTUR, 26 May 86) ......-

DJIBOUTI

Renegotiation of Airline Agreement With France Desired
(THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER, 10 May 86) ..ecseeecseceececs

Details Provided on Departure of Aden Robleh Awaleh
(THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER, 17, 24 May 86) .sssceseeseeces

Dismissed From Ministry
Bomb Attack

Briefs
Chinese Aid

ETHIOPIA

Deputy SIDA Chief To Serve as Forestry Adviser
(Peter Bratt; DAGENS NYHETER, 24 May 86) ...cccceeeeececers

-a-

i

12



JPRS«SSA*86071
9 July 1986

Preen says there are three main considerations: --Creation of 26,000 jobs;
--Replacement of tetra-ethyl lead as an octane increaser; --A cost of only
R10,000 for each new job created. Preen does not know whether the sugar in-
dustry will go ahead. "There are too many variables to consider. Tetra-
ethyl lead is still cost-effective. We do not know what the long-term rela-
tionship between the rand and the dollar will be. "Nor do we know how far
the price of crude oil will fall. "Above all, the oil and sugar industries
will have to arrive at a consensus before marketing a blended fuel." [Text]
[Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 22 May 86 p 2] /9274

COAL INDUSTRY FIGURES--Mineral and Energy Affairs Minister Danie Steyn's claim
in Parliament that the country produced 48-million tons of residual or unsale-
able coal last year has been disputed by members of the coal industry. Ac~
cording to figure released by the Minerals Bureau, coal production last year
rose to 173.1-million tons compared with 162.9-million in 1984. Of this
amount, 123.9 (121.4)-million tons was sold locally and 44.3 (38.2)-million
exported. This leaves an overproduction of 4.9 (3.3)-million tons. Deputy
chairman of Rand Mines’ coal division Allen Cook says that the process of
washing and benefiction of export grade coal would waste at the maximum 0.3
of a ton. Based on the export figure of 44.3-million tons this would mean

a discard of 13.3-million tons. However, some of this discard can be used by
Escom at Hendrina and Matimba power stations which possibly accounts for the
near 5-million tons report as over-production. Biggest seller on the over-
seas market is bitumous coal, with 40.5 (35.4)-million tons exported last
year, realising R2.9bn (R1.6 bn). [Text] [By Roy Bennetts] [Johannesburg
BUSINESS DAY in English 22 May 86 p 2] /9274 a

DEVELOPMENT BOOST FOR EDENDALE~-Pietermaritzburg--The KwaZulu/Natal planning
council has allocated R8 million for the development of the greater Edendale
area near Pietermaritzburg. At a meeting yesterday in Pietermaritzburg
ofthe council and community leaders of greater Edendale, the project

manager, who is also a member of the council, Dr P. S. Viljoen, said the
money would be used for 13 priority projects. The projects include the de-
velopment of sites, the building of roads, the construction of new bus-
routes and the protection of about 500 water springs at Vulindlela. Dr Viljoen
said that apart from community development, job opportunities would be created
for the local people in "these labour intensive projects."" A central camp
facility would also be constructed and a public relations officer appointed
to facilitate communications with local people, as it was the policy of the
council to involve people in the development of their own communities. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 6 Jun 86 p 12] /9274

KING WILLIAM'S TOWN FIRST CBD--Cape Town-~King William's Town is to be the
first Eastern Cape area with a racially "open" central business district (CBD).
The CBD was to be proclaimed in the Government Gazette on Friday, a senior
spokesman for the Department of Constitutional Development and Planning said
today. So far "open" CBDs have been proclaimed in Cape Town, Durban and
Johannesburg, with Port Elizabeth and Maritzburg featuring high on the list

of forthcoming ones. [Text] [Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 21 May
86 p 5] /9274 :

cso: 3400/1977 - END

103 !



co-ordinates the whole region. These
structures will soon be formalised; the
NECC,is drafting a constitution for CECs
locally and regionally. ~

Reportedly a number of studente were
not happy about the NECC decision to
return to school, and school attendance
ns some areas is still very low.

At the April. NECC meeting in
Johannesburg we were told that in some
areas CECs were’ unable to report back to
the mass ‘of students, to explain this
shift ‘in strategy and direction. and why
they -must return to school. The state
banned meétings in a number of areas,
and this “is one reason for the
misunderstanding.

Many, studénts expected a major
decision along the lines of an immediate
national rent boycott, or a massive
worker stayaway. The NECC of course
could ‘notcall for these things since it
18 an educational committee. We would
have to consult extensively with civic
bodies if we wanted to initiate a rent
boycott,:.and they would have to get
mandates from their constituencies.

‘s-Similarly with trade unions and a

stayaway.-!/
°"¥ think the CECs did not realise they
had not prepared students sufficiently

for what.might come out of the
yeonference.. This also reflects a problem

comgon to.many areas ~ lack of
understanding between students’
organisations and parents. At the

“conference this was reflected in the

‘huge parent representation which
outweighed that of students: a definite
dmbalance we must work to redress.

A problem is that we do not yet have a
formalised structure, for the CECs at

i22ocal level. In some areas individuals

‘are: appoiated rather than elected

organisational representatives. The
question then arises as to whom they are
anéwerable, to what extent they are
aware of student problems or feelings,
and-whether they are in daily contact

with students and their organisations.

Once :PTSA's are set up in all higher

primary and high schools, we can look
forward to building co-operative
relations between PTSA's and other local
organisations, such as street and worker
committees, to ultimately form some sort
of town structure. This of course raises
questions of the transitional state and
the concept of dual power is crucial to
achieving this.

It has been argued that NECC should
co-operate and organise with as broad a
range of educational organisations as
possible. To this end it has formed an
alliance with the African Teachers '
Association of South Africa (ATASA).
ATASA is regarded by many, particularly
teachers in the National Education Union
of South Africa (NEUSA) and other
progressive teacher organisations, as
conservative and often reactionary. Ite
president and secretary have held their
positions for over 20 years. Can you
comment on the relationship between
ATASA and the NECC, and general NECC
policy regarding relations with
teachers’ representative bodies.

We recognised ATASA as the major
representative of teachers in South
Africa, with 54 000 members nationally.
It was the only existing body for
African teachers until the progressive
organisations came along. It could make
deals with the state because it served
on state structures. ATASA is made up of
regional teachers' organisations like
the Transvaal African Teachers Union and
also town structures.

I am not clear on its elective.
procedure, but it is quite possible that
the president and secretary have held
their positions for years. Traditionally
there is not much connection between
ATASA membership and its leadership and I
think this is unlikely to change very
much.

Members of ATASA who are school
inspectors or have other jobs
implementing DET policy have ‘not stopped
what they are doing. They will ‘come
under great pressure to give up their
jobs: For example in Port Elizabeth, a

63



50,000 as ‘it absorbs UNLA and other troops.
Obviously the government cannot risk having disaf-
fected soldiers at large. A lot of NRA troops will
be needed in the immediate future to reassure local
people all over the country, especially in the north,
where the Acholi can hardly believe the NRA has
no intention of exacting retribution. In the absence
of a police force, the NRA will also have to continue
the vital task of collecting weapons from the public.

After a year, maybe less, perhaps 30% of the
NRA’s original members (as opposed to former
UNLA soldiers) might wish to finish their academic
educations if they have the opportunity.* The child
soldiers likewise will presumably be sent to school,
though they would certainly miss the camaraderie of
the NRA. .

There have been and doubtless will continue to be
incidents of NRA indiscipline. After five tough years
in the bush it is not surprising. Sometimes former
UNLA ‘troops, recently absorbed into the NRA,
make contact with pockets of UNLA troops hiding
in the bush and are thus encouraged to loot, even
though they have undergone ‘political re-educa-
tion’. More serious, but less common so far, is
criminal activity by original NRA members. The
most dramatic example was the arrest last month
of Commander Kaka, the NRA’s former head of
intelligence in Kampala, for organised car theft,
among other things. The Easter Sunday bout of
firing in Kampala appears to have been celebratory
rather than bellicose.

@ Howto integrate the Acholi (about Imin all) into

the rest of the country, socially and economically.
Traditionally the Acholi have been a warrior people - a skill
which was accommodated in British protectorate days by placing
them in the army, where they quickly assumed dominance.
Traditional food crops have never grown well on the poor
northern lands. So the Acholi, if not pursuing a military career,
tended to work in the more productive south. They rarely married
outside the Nilotic ethnic group (which includes the Langi, the
Karamojong and the smaller tribes of West Nile province).

The government has to consider several important
factors before it sets in motion its policy for the
north: the Acholi, or any other tribe, cannot expect
preeminence in the new army; the murder of about
250,000 people in the south, mostly in Buganda, has
probably made it psychologically impossible for the
Baganda to accept the Acholi wholeheartedly in a
new national spirit; reconstruction of the economy,
for social as well as economic reasons, will have to
be based on agriculture, so that the Acholi for the
first time in several generations have no alternative
but to farm the north.

Agricultural prospects in the north are far from
bleak. Maize and the drought-resistant sorghum and
millet are grown for local consumption. Cotton,
grown on.a modest scale, is the main cash crop.

These could be supplemented with sunflowers (a
Verona Fathers priest in Gulu does very well with
sunflower oil) and even tobacco and coffee. Aside
from the provision of seed grains and basic agricul-
tural implements, agricultural assistance will have to
incorporate a modicum of technical help for growing
new crops, and investment in more storage barns.

The main towns in the north - Gulu and Kitgum -
and most of the roadside villages were abandoned
and cleared of practically every moveable object or
commodity before NRA troops arrived there last
month. Lt-Gen. Basilio Okello’s troops took a lot
of their tribesmen’s belongings into Sudan Peoples’

* Liberation Army-controlled territory. in the Nimule
district of southern Sudan.’ The local trading centres
and markets are thus completely bare; 90% of the
population at first took to the bush. A few days
after the NRA’s arrival people began to trickle back
to their homes.

There appears to be enough food, just, to provide
for basic rieeds until normal life is restored. (Only
in the habitually rained-starved Karamoja region is
food often in critically short supply). Minor distur-
bances can be expected in the short-term because of
“small groups of marauding UNLA soldiers who took
to the bush rather than flee to Sudan. Because
of the NRA’s exemplary discipline. there is little
likelihood of even low-level organised Acholi resist-
ance to the new regime. To capitalise on this, the
NRM will presumably soon give the Acholi more
representation on the NRC at the same time as
coopting local chiefs and elders: An amnesty for
former héad of state Gen. Tito Okello, who hails
from Kitgum district, apparently still holds. His
return from exile in Sudan would help reconciliation.
@ Reconciling the Langi.. Throughoui the six months of
the Okello regime the Langi were terrorised by Acholi troops.
The district town of Lira was looted as badly as any town in the
country. Many townsfolk and villagers living by the main roads

have moved to the bush, where they are continuing to build
houses and cultivate virgin land.

As in many parts of the country, there is no
electricity, mains water of functioning hospitals or
schools. The closure of Lira’s bank has led to a cash
shortage and no means for a trader to start business
again. The Uganda Commercial Bank elsewhere is
giving 22% interest on fixed deposit accounts at a
time of 200% inflation - an indication of how hard
it will be to restore a formal economy. In their
determination to avoid further decimation, the move
to the bush might well be irreversible for many
people. Lira could. thus remain ‘a ghost town for a
long time, above all if new trading centres spring up
in the bush.

@ Controlling the anarchy in Karamoja. Leading

military figures in both Obote’s government and the short-lived
Okello regime participated with the Karamoja in organised eattle-

49



MORE MOVES TO PHASE OUT RENT CONTROL FORESEEN
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 22 May 86 p 4
[Article by Barry Streek]

[Text ]

MORE measures towards 'the phasing out of rent
control would be taken soon, Local Government,

JPRS«SSA7867071
9 July 1986

SUUTH AFRICA

Housing and Works Minister ‘Amie Venter said.in —  Execiitive director of the SA ‘Property Owners’ -

Cape Town yesterday. . Association (Say
e said: “There is an adequate supply of rental stood about 8

accommodation available. So it appears to be a suit. control protection

) Peter Erasmus said he under-
12 000 would continue to have rent. -

able time to proceed with the phasing out ‘oft rent: They would be people, many of them elderly, who
Tegisiation,

control in terms of existing
such protection to those who are in

it to afford — were already protected. As
of it”. ©." incomes “4 tention would

moved, died or their
fall away until,

increased,
However, before the phasing-out process could pro-. - ultimately, rent control disappeared altogether. .

ceed, the income limits within which persons had to.

For some, that was not enough. A landlord said

fall to gualify for protection had to be determined. property owners would still in effect be subsidising

Venter said an inter-departmental committee was .

investigating the income limits which should apply. to The Progressive Federal Party
tate. it announcement

qualify for housing assistance from the S' comed the

terday wel-

government that the entire
He ‘said: “It will be a condition of the further - Rent Control Act was not being repealed. 3

hasing out that the. rental of dwellings - _ However, PFP Local Government, Housin; and
fs fed ‘wil not be t the

exempt

calendar frionths,
emption.” :?s! "3

nithe date of the decision of than three

"ets. Although none of those who spoke

ore

+f "the rate of-inflation”.

"The move comes as no surprise to property observ. : | He said: “Since the Minister
to Business

increased during the first two ~ Works” spokesman Alf Widman warned that
Aid at more than a certain ge annually, - income limits-were not raised
A r

substantially .more
the-exemption will take effect after three people would lose their “as these
m

limits are

and have been ravaged by

1s acting by way of
Se se ta ete rc hontral sac be rele

‘Day had seen details of the announcement, they said ‘posed at any stage and I believe this is necessary as

Fovernment had discussed the proposed action with
eir representatives. ey 4

19274
cso: 3400/1911

98

w of supply and demand changes from year to

year and we may heed control once again.”



aléo expanding our actions for the training, placement and enlistment of cadres
and supervising the cadres attending the party schools; we have a provincial
school which can take 80 students and we have already conducted more than

40 courses to date. From year to year, we heve felt that the experience with
this school has been more and more substantial, more significant and more
encouraging, 60 this year the Provincial Committee has determined on a number
of courses to be conducted. This year we are including refresher courses

for many of those who have already spent several years or months in these
party training institutions.

Defense of legality

Question: Governor, do you perhaps have anything to add regarding the life
of the province; for instance, regarding its development?

Answer: I could add details about maintaining the defense of legality at

the province level. It is general knowledge that our society is going through
difficult phases, in some cases characterized by violence, by blackmaketeering,
by speculation, by disrespect for the laws, situations which often create

a climate of unrest and lack of respect by the citizens. We understand that ~
our actions should include efforts in this area. For this reason, we have

a committee in the Provincial Assembly for the protection and upholding of

the laws, which works closely with the government structures and promotes

the education of the masses, the education of the workers and the public in
general, working side by side with the Defense and Security forces, the police
forces. and judicial institutions, so the workers, the public will be increasingly
aware of the laws that protect the citizen, that protect our people. We want
the citizens, armed with this knowledge, to make use of these laws to insure
peace and tranquillity for all, justice for all, security for children and
adults.

Within this framework, we have developed various contacts to mobilize the
neighborhoods, districts and localities; we have also held two provincial
seminars, one devoted basically to questions of defending and upholding the
law. We have sought to promote action to curb injustices, even unintentional,
in the companies which have kept workers on for several years without any
evaluation; to educate the militia which man the control posts on the roads
and bridges; and, above all, to discuss and improve the system of selection
and enlistment of the militiamen, because it is our understanding that idle
and unproductive individuals should not be militiamen. They should either

be workers in companies or rural producers--anyone who hag a proper livelihood
and is not seeking to live off the effort of others, off the property of the
people.

The other seminar which we held was specifically devoted to the area of regis-
tration and identification, to educate the citizen to maintain vigilance at
the registration posts, to avoid infiltration. We aleo want to expand the
network of registration posts for the zones which are currently more secure,
0 as to reduce the distance that people travel before encountering a regis~
tration post.

So we feel that these actions are useful in protecting and upholding the law.
We are making an effort to expand, consolidate and develop such actions,
creating stronger and better relations between the people and the Defense
and Security forces, so that they can work together to alleviate the problems
confronting us in many sectors of economic and social life.

6362 23
CSO: 3442/237


be very large but which will be of great significance to us because it will
promote fishing activity. It will be headquartered here in the provincial
capital and will have stations all along the coast, particularly in Inhassoro
and Vilanculo, and later in Membone, Govuro District.

Regarding hydrocarbons, this is a project for which the central agencies are
responsible, in principle; our obligations involve guaranteeing the security
of the zone of the project, organizing the workers,creating the political
and union framework. These actions, which are our responsibility, are being
carried out and we think everything is being done to implement the project.

Cotton Growing and Marketing

Question: Inhambane Province has a commitment with respect to surpluses, includ-
ing money crops, particularly cotton and cashew nuts, In the cashew nut
marketing campaign that ends on 31 May, Inhambane Province should contribute
5,000 tons. Governor, would you tell us about the prospects for achieving

the cashew nut quota, as well as the actions to implement the order of the

day: "A hectare of cotton per family"?

Answer: Inhatbana Province has a quota to meet in this cashew nut marketing
campaign: 3,000 tons for the PEC [Central State Plan] and 2,000 for the terri~
torial provincial program. As of today (18 April), we can say with satisfaction
that the PEC quota and that of the provincial territorial plan have been
exceeded, because we now have about 5,500 tons at the processing plant, with-
out counting the cashew nuts that are still awaiting delivery from the dis~
tricts. We expect to achieve 6,000 tons, and if we don’t do even better,

it will be because of various problems. It is no surprise to us to achieve
6,000 tons, because at one time Inhambane was already producing about 20,000
tons; if it has been impossible to produce this much since 1980, it has been
because of weather problems and the action of the armed bands. Where it was
impossible to harvest cashew nuts yesterday, it is possible today. We have
organized ourselves in provincial and district commissions, not only to promote
marketing but also to encourage the planting of new cashew groves. These
commissions have, in fact,undertaken a more positive effort than in previoue
years; by this, I mean that issues of organization have also been more influ-
ential this year than in prior years in achieving the goal, but it is also

a fact that this year has been better than prior years in terms of production.

Regarding the cotton crop, we are developing a broad mobilization program,
starting with the Provincial Assembly deputies themselves and other individuals
at various levels. In the present 1985/1986 campaign, we have already planted
500 hectares in cotton and if we could not do better, it was because, on one
hand, the province was greatly affected by the drought and all our efforts
were concentrated on the production of food; on. the other hand, there were
algo certain problems related to seed, for which the province is not solely
responsible. But now we went to expand this activity, carrying out the direc-
tives of the People's Assembly, the directives. of our party and government.

Of the 500 hectares planted this year in cotton, 214 are in the state sector
and 286 are in the cooperative and family sectors.

19



JPRS*SSA~86-071
9 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

UTAH TO SELL RSA, NAMIBIA INTERESTS--Utah International, the California-based
mining subsidiary of Broken Hill Proprietary, is seeking to sell all its
wholly-owned exploration prospects in South Africa:and Namibia. Utah execu-
tives said the company had entered talks aimed at reducing its exposure in
the region. These have drawn in a number of possible buyers including
British and Canadian groups as well as domestic mining houses such as Anglo
American. Deposits include gold, chromite estimated at 35-million tons,
alluvial diamonds, and a Namibian tantalite reserve which is the subcontinent 's
only known mineable source of the black mineral. Up to two dozen separate
areas are involved, of which four or five are defined as ready for immediate
development. They are grouped under Southern Sphere Holdings, a Transvaal-
based exploration unit which Utah is willing to sell in its entirety or piece-
meal. Utah officials said the move did not amount to a withdrawal from SA.
[Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 21 May 86 p 13] /9274

BID TO FIND USE FOR UNSALEABLE COAL--SA produced more than 48-million tons of
residual or unsaleable coal last year, according to Mineral and Energy Af-
fairs Minister Danie Steyn. This is about 4m tons more than the 44.7 m tons of
coal exported during 1985. Answering a question by Louis Stofberg (CP
Sasolburg) in Parliament yesterday, Steyn said about 0.3 tons of unsaleable
coal was produced for every ton of coal mined for export in SA during 1985.

It appears only Escom is able to present to use any of this coal, which is

left after coal for export goes through an initial beneficiation process.

Some residue is ::used at Hendrina and the Matimba power stations, and on a
much smaller scale at the Umgeni and Ingagane power stations. Steyn said a
special committee representing his department, the CSIR and the private sector,
was appointed last year to investigate ways in which this large amount of coal
could be used instead of wasted. ‘This committee has yet to complete its inves-
tigations and is considering a number of proposals. "SA's commerciallyvex-
ploitable coal reserves are currently estimated to be 55,892m tons, of which
2,147m tons are coking coal. He confirmed that although SA's reserves of prime
coking coal are limited, they are more than adequate for the country's needs
and leave some low-grade coke for export. [Text] [By Chris: Cairncross]
{Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 21 May 86 p 3] /9274

ETHANOL TO CREATE JOBS--Manufacturing ethanol for fuel in Natal would have
far-reaching consequences, says Dr Brian Preen, who has produced a feasibility
report for the SA Sugar Association. His firm, Project Engineering Africa,
was responsible for the design of the ethanol plant at Triangle in Zimbabwe.

102


Be

Diréctor Mavita tol

of the’ faetory*s fleet Of trucks: which carry coal, ‘Limestoné 5 “elay, atid other
mate#ials “A8déssary for makirig Cetient.". ~~ - eS poe ee

needed are tires and batteries,

According to that official, the parts mo
5 lo ‘riot ‘operatar"

se’ "withdut battériés the’ dump true

eed EM Ue nest

: Gila IM tHat“thé’'mdin pridrities df the Nacala “Cement Factory
até’ the“ 1,000" tétis ‘pérwdnth ‘that’ must ‘bé ‘Supplied ‘tothe “consortium thatis”
renovating the Nacala-Entre-Lagos railroad; remarking: "There ‘nust-‘not*bé
ere, because these are international commitments that our
ited rir hiaees vee Tea Pe pep rts cet geek os

wb ae hee er este

He notéa’that}"-folléwing “thé ‘consortium, there are Integral Construction’ of
Nampula, with 460 tons of cement per year; CETA [Structures , Leveling, “and”
any], with 750 tons per year; the Cuamba Hydroelectric
fis; ‘and also. Integral Cohstructidn of Cabo Delgado **
i actory’as wéll! fad Tobe :

He said that the executivecouncils of the cities ‘and“distticts, as‘ wéll 4s’ ©

the education and health agencies, and the small civil construction enterprises

¥e°Alé ftled ‘té° cément; ‘but ‘with the factory's ‘cutrent’ production capacity,
‘even edfisidered. ~ a ee

The prov: 1 divédtoé of constriction and-water stréssed” that déraimics is

he aly: séctor* opérating without major ‘problems. “He ‘élaimed: that’ thete’aré

three ceramics factories in Nampula, that ‘in°Nacala beirig thé bést® of them,“
with a monthly production of 120,000 bricks. _

“Corcirrently'with’ this,’ thére ae ‘small craft.»
ig fired brick to’enable thé villagers to improve”
* adding: "Where ‘there are problems is“ in ‘lime:

the'p ovince has‘a gteat deal of: Limestone." :

thé idrgest lime production unit 18° located ‘in’Corrane}
frdm*the' tity of Nampula, which has been closed’ owing to
armed bandits' activity. FoR eras pote pa 4 Se bene

gessary to“rely hédvily’'on thesé’ loéal~ production materi-
"no sux ‘prospects for’ conventional materials, ecially

als, bepdtisé” there
the impoftéd one

the main objective of the, extended consultative council meeting was
cf - : :

Moreover main. iv ;
"to! mobilize the ‘Locdl *capaditiés: for’ ‘the’ ‘production of constuction’ ateridls,"

which ’ 4ible' in Nampula because several craft units have ‘altéady been <*
formed, with experience in this work, requiring "monetary backing, the’ reason
for, th ure of some of them," as one reads in the summary: of the meeting.

31



MINISTER SAYS PRESENT CRIME RATE WORRIES STATE

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 23 May 86 p 2

[Text ]

19274
CSO;

3400/1897

THE Government _ has
placed the fight against
crime as a priority to create
peaceful living conditions
for its citizens, t finister of
State for Home Affairs Mr
Mbambo Sianga said in
Livingstone yesterday.

Mr Sianga (above), who
is on a familiarisation tour
of departments that fall
under his ministry in the
Southern Province, said the
present crime-wave was
worrying the Government
which was stepping up
ways and means of redu-
cing it.

fe said Zambian citizens
needed peace and criminals
should be made to run for
their lives because they
were causing trouble.

The ordinary people who
had suffered from the
hands of the criminals for
some time needed to feel
comfortable and must be
made safe.

Mr Sianga toured the
police, prisons, immigra-
tion posts in Livingstone
and Kazungula and would
proceed to Kalomo and
Choma.

He could not be drawn

into saying what his mini-.

stry was doing to solve
pressing problems affect-
ing the departments such
as poor salaries and living
conditions.

He said workers were
doing their best to continue
with programmes for which
they were employed des-
pite the problems.

He dispelled reports of
poor living conditions of
juveniles at Katombora Re-
formatory. He said 200 new
blankets from the Govern-
ment had been received at
the institution last week.

In Ndola, police have
intensiued =the manhunt
for a Senegalese who
escaped a securitydragnet
last Sunday and is believed
to be the big brain behind
illegal dealings in precious
stones and stolen motor
vehicles, reports Zana.

Copperbelt Province
police chief Mr Darius Ka-
lebo said his men were
investigating the circums-
tances in which seven
alicns were found with
ivory, precious stones and
motor vehicles.

But the most wanted man
believed to be the ring
leader escaped and police
are looking for him.

Police pounced on two
homes in Kansenshi and
Northrise and apprehended
seven Senegalese and re-
covered four motor vehicles
suspected to have been
stolen, precious stones and
three elephant tusks.

55

yprs-Ssa-86-07!

9 July 1986

ZAMBIA


resistance anywhere in our country, stretches the
enemy's resources and manpower (o a tremen-
dous degree. This, indeed, is his Achilles’ heel,
and our strategy must be imbued with an ap-
proach that forces him to disperse his forces
throughout the country.
Avour National Consultative Conference, the
commission dealing with strategy and tactics
amadeawhat [think was an important contribution
by stating that, given our situation, in the whole
question of advancing the armed struggle we
should: situate our strategy within two key
realities, the one vourable, the other
favourable. The ne; at we have not un-
now had the possibility of a friendly border
with rear bases inthe fullest sense of the term,
and thi been ‘an unfavourable condition for
The pos vourable factor is our strength
in the urban areas, based oni the people of the
townships, the working class, the youth.
‘These urban centres have a thousand and one
links with the bantustans.and the rural areas, and
we should: utilise our urban’ strength, our
township strength, our working class strength,
as a springboard to develop our organisational
strength and our armed strength within the coun-
tryside itself. For example, Mdantsane, that great
urban township of the eastern Cape is the main
springboard into the Ciskei; KwaMushu and
Umlazi have the same relationship to KwaZulu
and so on, The urban bases could become the rear
bases of our strugele in the countryside.”
_ Of course we will use whatever possibilities
© exist to reach the bantustans and the countryside,
but surely the urban situation allows us this other
way to develop our struggle. We should
semember that in Cuba, for example, the guer-
Filla struggle, which was based largely in the
countryside, in the mountains, fad its
springboard in the urban centres, in the city,
-where the movement had its strongholds in the
first place.

But we must never tose sight of the fact that,
whether in the course of a guerrilla war of the
+ bush, or a civil war, or through urban guerrilla
struggle; armed insurrection must figure as the
key way in which power may ultimately be seiz-
ed. For, unlike FRELIMO or the MPLA, we are
hot fighting a bush war against a colonial power
that may ultimately grant independence after
negotiations, and withdraw. In our situation, if
real change’ is t6 be achieved, we liave to face
up to the question of state power. How will the
existing state structures and instruments of force
be destroyed? How. will the revolution be
defended? .

What conditions are necessary for the armed
uprising, ‘the insurrection? How do you see it tak-

73

ing place? Is it possible in South Africa, with its
powerful military machine?

Armed insurrection, in some form or other,
rather than guerrilla warfare, but often as a
culmination of guerrilla warfare, is the classic
method of making a revolution, There appear to
betwo main categories into which insurrections
fall -- the spontaneous mz i in tran,
and the planned uprising,
tober 1917. These stand at either end of
of varying possibilities.

In the first category there is no prearranged
plan or date, with an entirely unexpected, even
extraneous event sparking off the conflagration.
In such a situation, revolutionaries struggle to
gain control, and organise the seizure of power.

In the second category, insurrection is
deliberately timed as the final move ina careful
ly prepared plan of revolutionary action — in
which the balance of forces has been finely
calculated, The Bolsheviks struggled to gain con-
trol over the forces unleashed by the February
Revolution, an unexpected event, and directed
these forces to the planned seizure of power in
October 1917. What we can be sure about is that
every revolution which must depend for its
ultimate success upon popular support demands
anactive revolutionary situation before insurrec-
tion can be safely launched. It also needs a move-
ment which has the forces and means powerful
enough to overthrow the existing order.

Now, we have been working over the years
to bring about that revolutionary situation and
to build the forces necessary for victory. Ours
has indeed been a difficult and protracted strug,
gle. How much more time is required before an
active revolutionary situation matures cannot be
exactly predicted. A Bolshevik has stated of the
February Revolution: "The idea of going into the
streets had long been ripening among the
workers, only at that moment nobody imagined
where it would lead.”

We must remember that we do not control
every act of the people's, or the response of the
enemy authorities, But the mass struggle is ad-
vancing at such a pace that we must prepare to
take advantage of any swing in the situation, and
work with utmost speed to build the type of
organisation ready to take control and direct any
uprising, which may well begin fairly spon
taneously. Above all, this means the presence of
a Political Army of the Revolution (the ANC and
the popular m. ions) and the Revolu-
tionary People’s Army.

If we are to learn from our people, the township
revolts, the decade of rebellion of 1976-86, then
surely we need fo devise a strategy based on an
‘insurrectionist’ approach? This would consist
of a meshing of political and armed struggle of
alltypes, guerrilla warfare in the countrysicie and



IPRS*SSA*86«071
9 July 1986

The ceremony inuagurating the silos took place in mid-mopning in Conhane;

it was led by Governor Francisco Pateguana, who was accompanied by the GDR
ambassador, agriculture Minister Joao dos Santos Ferreira and General Fernando
Matavele, military commander of Gaza Province.

The cutting of the ribbon was followed immediately by the formal presentation
of the instructions; Helmar Komer, director of the company responsible for
installing all the silos and complementary equipment, and Joao Mosca read the
respective documents of presentation and acceptance.

This was followed by a tour of the facilities, during which the Mozambican
party witnessed a trial run of the processing.

Next came tthe presentation of awards to the outstanding workers. The German
specialists were awarded "Socialist Labor" and “Best Worker Collective’ medals,
according to the custom in their country, while the Mozambicans received
"Xiroco" radios and lengths of cloth, as is our custom.

The inauguration festivities, to which students in areas schools and the general
public were invited, ended with a fellowship luncheon, during which the Mozam-
bican officials ani GDR diplomats exchanged words of praise and congratulations
on the development of cooperation.

To Promote Food Production
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 20 May 86 p 8

[Text] The region of Conhane, a little less than 2 dozen kilometers from

the seat of Chokwe District, in Gaza Province, is considered the largest rice
producer in the group of almost 10 agricultural enterprises in the zone; for
this reason, it was "privileged" to have the first silos of this kind in the
country installed there. Joao Mosca, general director of the agricultural
enterprises in that district, said it was "very useful to have the silos located
in the area so that, in the future, they would permit the development of other
pmall industries related to livestock production.

He gaid that although it was premature to discuss the pogsibility of installing
these industries, considering that grain production has not yet reached levels
that would justify it, the great immediate advantage of the silos is that

the impurities removed during the cleaning process can be used for animal
feed.

The GDR technicians connected with this large-scale undertaking for the drying
and storage of grains said that during the process of cleaning thé products
(vice, corn, wheat, oats, soybeans and other grains which may be. processed
here), the system installed in the silos makes it possible to channel the
impurities automatically to each outlet terminal according to their worth.

In this way, three grades of impurities are selected out, from dugts to husks
and grains of the type of cereal being cleaned. The first two kinds of impuri-
ties are currently condidered completely useless (although the second-~husks-—
could come to be used in the production of fodder) and the third is considered
useful for animal feed, particularly poultry feed.

25



killing black policemen and civil servants as was happening in this country.
In fact those who had triumphed over colonial oppression were grateful that
they had inherited a trained black police force. "Black policemen did not
make the laws of apartheid. "Every one of them has the same yearning for
freedom that we have." Referring to vigilante police forces being formed in
some townships, Chief Buthelezi warned that these groups would be stamped
out as they often committed atrocities in the name of justice. "Black
South Africans have carried a huge burden of not only having to strive for
democracy and decency, but having to do so in a way that we are not de-
humanised," Chief Buthelezi told the Assembly. [Text] [Durban THE DAILY
NEWS in English 3 Jun 86 p 3] /9274

EMPLOYMENT FOR 27,000 CISKEIANS--Bisho--The Minister of Manpower Utilisation,
Mr G. M. Mpepo, told the National Assembly that despite the ever present
spectre of unemployment which plagued Ciskei, his department was able to
place 27,000 workseekers in employment last year. Delivering his policy
speech yesterday, he said this was an increase of 27 percent compared with
1984. This achievement was made possible by an effective publicity campaign
directed mainly at employer organisations in South Africa. This strategy en-
abled the manpower placement centre's exhibit at the Cape show to secure about
400 jobs for Ciskeians. [Text] [East <London DAILY DISPATCH in English

21 May 86 p 2] /9274

csO: 3400/1978

91



[Question] Al-Qadhdhafi is fighting on many fronts. What do you think of his
aims? How much truth is there in the claim that he is a madman? What is the

nature of his relationship with America?

[Answer] I don't think al-Qadhdhafi is a madman. Rather, he is carrying out
in the region a plan laid out for him, but it is complicated. America is try~
ing to exploit its complexity to display him as a strong leader in order to
use him to fight others. ,

Al-Qadhdhafi's importance as a tool of imperialism is the secret of his long
survival in the Libyan government. He has served the imperialist plan. If

he hadn't done everything that he did, he would have ‘been gone a long time ago.
I met. him several times in Libya in 1982 at an unsuccessful conference that he
arranged. I found him to be a deluded and complicated man, There is another
similarly deluded person--Khomeyni. However, al-Qadhdhafi does not know [the
limit of] his power. If he could see what his size really is, he would real-

ize that he is smaller than small. ‘
[Question] His war against America--what is behind it?

[Answer] It is a television war whose purpose is to strengthen his power as
an Arab and to justify his. support for Iran against Iraq. He took away the
fuse of the explosive from himself, if only for the time being. He also seeks
through it to distract the world press and to show himself as a revolutionary
fighter against America while he is secretly allied with it and renders great
service in the region on a variety of matters. In return, America wants to
make him a leader in its own way by creating little [leaders] and spreading
luster over them.

[Question] What effect do you think the Khomeyni--al-Qadhdhafi alliance has
on the war against Iraq? What is America's stand on that?

[Answer] Their goals are different, but the purpose is the same. Both want
to wage war and create civil strife to further imperialist interests and, con-
sequently, they keep these two terrorists in their seats for a long time.
Al-Qadhdhafi supported the Syrians in entering Lebanon and supported the
opposition in the Philippines. He has groups called liberation movements.
All of them are fictitious names of fictitious terrorist organizations. His
goal is war purely for the sake of war. America benefits from the presence
of these two eccentrics in the region and it throws light on them so that they
can become more lustrous and.fiery. They are America's willing tool in the
region and are included in its long-range strategy. Al-Qadhdhafi has become
a grievous obstacle in the path of the developing countries and is in the
service of imperialist interests in the region. He is a first-class terrorist
“painted with American paint."

[Question] How do you view the al-Qadhdhafi--Khomeyni strategic alliance
against Arab Iraq?

[Answer] When newsmen asked Menahem Begin what he thought of al-Qadhdhafi, he
said that he regarded him as one of our best allies; he does things as our



the remarkable. phenomenon of popular uprisings
in the cities and towns. Such a strategy would
have to plan for perhaps a succession of local and
general uprisings, as well as for the unexpected.

The unexpected will also involve reformist or

ultra-right attempts by sections of the ruling class
to divert or block the path of tie revolution.
‘These might very well be unexpected shifts in
the political situation, which could present us
with a revolutionary situation or & grave threat.
We must also remember that history does not
often present revolutionary situations:

Turning to the SADF and SAP, the pillars of

White supremacy — history shows that, in the
last resort, success or failure hinges upon the at-
titude which the armed forces of the status quo
government will take towards an insurrection.
Revolutionary movements seldom achieve their
objectives unless they can convert the soldiers
whose duty it is to uphold the existing regime,
or weaken their spirit.

Ihave already indicated that while we may not
cl to convert large numbers of White
we can succeed in weakening the spirit
and morale ofa good proportion, and that we can
win over Black sold and police.

While the Bolsheviks could concentrate on
undermining the already d
my, persuading wavering troops to thei
will have to weaken the SADE and perfect a
strong insurrectionary fighting force. The late
David Rabkin wrote in Umsebenzi:

“Although the SADF is a powerful military
machine, it needs political direction in order to
function. But politics has to consider other fac-
tors beside force. We can paralyse the political

19274
cso: 3400/1962

74

direction behind the SADF so, that it becomes

unable to act."
The SADF is a largely conscript army, subject
to all the pressures and tensions of South
African society — political, moral and material.

Just as they are not impervious to MK bullets (and
unfortunately this is the main way in which White
South Africa’s eyes will be opened) neither are
they ultimately impervious to the mass,struggle
and the policy of the ANC. The SADF is no
monolith, and.during a revolutionary crisis its
fabric will be placed under tremendous strain:
Differences between the conscripted ‘troopic:
and the officer corps will be accentuated, as v HH
as the old English-Afrikaans language divisions
and the differences between those officers and
men following Botha-Malan-style reform and
those whose allegiances lie with the unpredic-
table HNP-CP rebels.

Under the conditions of a revolutionary crisi
it is quite conceivable that the security forces of
the state will not be operating at full strength,
will be suffering from desertions and demoral
tion, from mutiny among Black troops, from in-
decision and differences at the top, and will not
be able to cope with the situation.

At that time, when. the civil machine and
military machine are not powerful enough to
withstand the rising revolutionary pressures, our
struggle will triumph,

Thank you, comrade.

‘Thank you, and my revolutionary greetings to
all our combatants, in this the year of Umkhon-
to we Sizwe, the People’s Army.



MEMBERSHIP DISPUTE BOILS AT COSATU CONGRESS

JPRS“SSA+86+071
9 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 23-29 May 86 p 6

[Article by Pippa Green]
[Text ]

A LENGTHY dispute over thes
membership figures of affiliates of the,
Congress of SA Trade Unions*
(Cosatu) in the Eastern Cape came to a
head last weekend, leading to the
postponement of the regional launch
of the new federation. a

Both the two-day congress and the
subsequent mass rally due to launch
Cosatu in New Brighton on Sunday
were marred by allegations of !
violence and intimidation.

‘The interim chairman of the region,
T Mkalipi, who is also a Chemical
Workers Industrial Union shop
steward, said some delegates had
threatened him verbally. At one stage :
during the two-day congress, he |
added, knives were drawn. oo

Mkalipi also said that an unnamed
SA Breweries worker was abducted
by alleged “comrades” as he was °
leaving the rally and questioned about .
decisions taken at the congress. He was |
threatened but eventually released 4
unharmed. |

The dispute rose over conflicting i
assessments of membership between -;
the regional credentials committee i]
(set up to determine the number of.
delegates each union should have) and:
a group of four Eastern Cape unions,
Motor Assembly and Component”
Workers Union of SA, (Macwusa), ”
General Workers: Union of SA‘
(Gwusa), General and Allied Workers
Union (Gawti) and the SA Textile and *
Allied Workers Union (Satawu), °°

‘A credentials committee source said

it had had no response from MacwusaTM
vand Gwusa to a request to supply
«receipts to prove their claim to a joint ©
membership of about 5 000. Saawy, ¢
which bad claimed 10 000:members in*
‘the region, produced only 1 500
‘receipts, entitling the union to seven”
delegates, the sources said. :
1satawu, which is closely linked to,
_Saawu, had claimed regional delegates ,
on the basis of 7000 members, but
was paying national affiliation fees on :
the basis of only’ 1 900 members. fe
A Saawu spokesman, Penrose }
~|Ntlontli;: said most of: the ~union’s#
i member receipts were lost in a fire.
which destroyed its offices earlier this*
year. The 1500 receipts represented -
hip between November ‘last’
eyear and March 30. . a“
yo-The gdngress agreed the union be.
Sallowel a: certain” number of:
delegates, but arguments arose when }
the ugion claimed an extra six:
delegates for new. membership.
. Satawu. agreed to accept eight
* members on the basis of. figures
‘, submifted to the Cosatu head office,
&.- Tempers flared during the congress, }
i, according to several sources, and}
4 several: delegates from Saawu and
fe Macwiiga. demanded that Mkalipi: be
moved from the chair. :
Hovgdver, most unions supported his *
positi an at the meeting. Mkalipi-
Praimg he ‘was also threatened with “a:
~ necklace” during the meeting. g
‘Aftes! a seven-hour- discussion on -

© Saturday, the regional executive”

80

i committee met in a last-minute bid to

settle the dispute. There it was agreed
"that Macwusa and Gwusa be allocated

the joint 22 delegates they had claimed
«on the basis of figures submitted to
> Cosatu’s head office and that all
Zainions be granted the extra six
delegates claimed by Saawu on the
‘basis of membership recruited over
the past five months. es!
"” However, the latter proposal was”

rejected by the Congress as being
| unconstitutional and the launch was
' postponed for two months.

‘Mbkalipi claims he was then attacked

‘ by a “team” of people at the end of the -
| congress. “But workers from other
i unions stopped them. Chairs were in
* the air and knives were out. My guys
« told me it would not be safe for me to

go to the rally.”

Commenting afterwards, Mkalipi

| said he was concerned “at the

disregard for the constitution and the

disregard for democracy. The only
‘way. 1 would have stepped down as .
} chairman js if the meeting had taken a
formal democratic decision. It is not
_ democratic for one group to howl and
shout at the chairman.”

Saawu's Ntlontli said Mkalipi was
not attacked “as such”, but added that
there was dissatisfaction with the way
he had chaired the meeting. It had
_ Appeared that he had “favoured” some

unions, he said.

"Macwusa and Gwusa general
.. Secretary, Dennis Neer, said-his union
was satisfied with the delegation its



JPRS“SSA-86+071
9 July 1986

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

POPULATION, DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL ESTABLISHED IN NAIROBI
Nairobi THE DAILY NATION in English 29 May 86 p 4

{Text ]° A Council which will advise African parliamentarians on population
and development was established at the All Africa Parliamentary Conference
held recently in the Zimbabwean capital, Harare. .

An Assistant Minister for Labour, Mr Kimani wa Nyoike, was elected the
secretary-general of the council, which will be based in Nairobi.

Mr Nyoike, who was the chief executive of the conference, told newsmen yes—
terday that it was a success. It was attended by representatives of 29 out
of 34 countries which still practice parliamentary democracy.

Nine observers from countries without parliament attended the meeting as well
as representatives of 40 international agencies and organisations.

Mr Nyoike said the aim of the conference was to interest parliamentarians in
population and development so that they could supplement their governments!
family planning campaigns.

Representatives of 17 countries were elected to form the interim committee
to manage the council.

The conference urged MPs to form national groups on population and develop-
ment.

The Assistant Minister, who arrived recently from the conference, said MPs
should be active in removing all the impediments that hinder family planning.

The parliamentarians also proposed legislation forbidding early marriages.

Mr Nyoike said a resolution was passed calling on Members of Parliament from
various countries to organise themselves into parliamentary groups on popula-
tion and development order to activate population policies in their own
countries.

The first meeting of the interim committee will be held in Nairobi in August
and all the 17 member countries will be represented.

19274
CsO: 3400/1953



Cosatu is busy with organization questions. Thus far it has gained 33
individual organizations, some of them plant organizations, which are to be
reorganized in industrial labor unions of the various branches of business.
Other labor unions, such as. the Azanian Confederation or the Council of Unions,
which, for example, reject white members, continue to be aloof.

The widening of the unrest which has frequently taken place in the enterprises
in the past is not only an integration factor for the black workers, this un-
rest also constitutes a danger to the new labor union movement. The German
labor unions, which assist the black organizations in word and deed, are
exceedingly careful in assessing the latest development. On TV, the Cosatu
president, Elijah Barayi, openly advocated the opinion that there had to be
cooperation with the African National Congress, dismissed as a communist in
South Africa, because both pursue the same goals, But the ANC, which was
founded already before World War I in the then South African Union, has been

officially banned since 1961.

In contrast to the already existing smaller unions which have now joined
Cosatu, the new organization advocates the hard line of the departure of the
international firms from South Africa to induce the white government to give
in to the demands of the black tribes. Thus far union leaders had avoided
this topic from fear of losing jobs. The demands taken over by Cosatu from
the ANC include nationalization of mining and--it is rumored--of central in-
dustrial enterprises under a black government. In the first place Cosatu has
asked the Botha government for repeal of the passport laws, which are felt to
be especially discriminatory, within 6 months. In April, South African State
President P. W. Botha announced the immediate suspension of the passport laws.
There will no longer be any prosecutions based on these laws in the future.

A Cosatu labor union functionary in the black township of Alexandra near
Johannesburg, where there have been repeated disorders, has no illusions,

"T¢ we do not rebel against the white rule, we are going to lose our
followers." Quite obviously the new labor union does not feel strong enough
to pursue a moderate leadership of its own. "If Pretoria does not give in

+o the demands of the blacks we are going to revolt together with the school
children, the students, the women's movements," the functionary says. But it
is also quite clear to Cosatu that a departure of the multinational enterprises

would make the already high unemployment even more critical.

But whatever direction the various labor unions of South Africa, which are
frequently at ofids with one another, may belong to, they have taken note that
the authorization of black labor unions 7 years ago was no act of abandoning
the apartheid system for the white government, but an act of necessity. With
the growing industrialization of the South African economy, the demand for
skilled workers grew, a demand which could no longer be met by the whites
alone.

South Africa's labor unions walk along a narrow line. On the one hand they
are faced with a ban by the government in Pretoria if they leave the not
precisely defined labor union field of activity and enter the role of a
political party; on the other hand, they are no longer attractive to the black
workers in industry if they go too far away from the demands of the radical

78



JPRS«Ssang6

“0
9 July 1996 74

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

SEBE TO PURSUE FOREIGN RECOGNITION--Bisho--Ciskei had continued with her over-
seas missions with endeavours to obtain recognition from a number of different
countries in Europe, President Lennox Sebe told the National Assembly yester-
day. Delivering his policy speech he said they hoped benefits would yet flow
from important contacts that had been made and it was their intention to
continue with their efforts to gain recognition of their nationhood overseas.
He reminded the house of Ciskei's success in Rome with his meeting with Pope
John Paul II.and his subsequent follow-up meeting with Cardinal Ganvin in the
Vatican City. Pres Sebe said that nevertheless, Ciskei would not be easily
‘deterred by their lack of success to date in getting international recognition.
He believed that Ciskei's overseas missions would now more correctly portray
their prime objective in promoting Ciskei as a country for economic investment.
He believed Ciskei had acquitted herself competently and with flair and vigour
in the cultivation of good public opinion in Southern Africa and overseas.
[Text] [East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 13 May 86 p 3] /9274

BISHO DEVELOPMENT PRAISED--Bisho--No other development activity had more
positively demonstrated the wisdom of the free enterprise approach than in
the field of housing and in particular at the capital city of Bisho,.Presi-
dent Lennox Sebe said yesterday. He said that there were about ten construc—
tion companies engaged in the erection of a wide range of houses, mostly of
reasonable design and standards. Within a space of two years a total of 300
houses had been erected, occupied and sold, and a considerable residential
populace had become established at Bisho. President Sebe said that at Bisho
an additional 900 serviced erven had been completed and made available to home
building companies. The old Bisho airfield had been planned for further
residential development and applications for 800 erven had been received.
Middledrift had requested a housing scheme as a matter of urgency and during
the forthcoming 12 months, some 18,000 homes in Mdantsane would be offered
for sale to the public. President Sebe said that without the Ciskei Building
Society, the housing boom would not have been possible, and this financial
institution was a miracle in itself. Barely a year ago, the society had es-
tablished such supreme confidence in investors that financial resources in
excess of some $31 million had become available to promote and finance the
housing development that was taking place. [Text] [East Longon DAILY
DISPATCH in English 13 May 86 p 3] /9274

NEW RESORT BOOSTS “CISKEI TOURISM--Bisho--Ciskei's fledgling tourist industry
had received a tremendous boost with the opening of the Hpekweni Marine Holiday

89



FIREBOMBERS CONFESS, CLAIM POLICE BACKING OF ATTACKS

UDF Holds Press Conference

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 30 May-5 Jun

[Article by Jo-Ann Bekker]

[Text J

THIS man isa self-:
confessed vigilante :
who claims to have*:
been paid by the:
authorities to take »
part in attacks on*:
activists — attacks’
that have led to the.»
death of- a three-“
month-old baby and: °°
a 31-year-old woman. cunts
Abraham. ‘Zwane,-"an;
unemployed 19-year-old from
Katlehong, was produced at. a.
United Democratic Front press
conference ‘this week, having -
been “captured” that’ morning.
His ‘confession, the’ UDF said,
was evidence that. authorities
were planning and: coordinating
acts passed off,to the world ‘as;
“black-on-black” violence... 2
A representative of. the. SA
-Police headquarters in Pretoria :
flatly denied the allegations of j
the vigilante. “The police don’t;
_Kill people, nor: do they pay.
others to kill. people. We are”
here to restore law and order,” {
the representative said. - - '
: ‘These allegations come after:
cweeks of ongoing attacks on*
political activists throughout the:

country bythe “balaclava men”:
—. groups. of mysterious
‘yigilantes. Loosen fess

3 Zwane told a press conference:
on: Wednesday he had been paid;
by. police to participate ‘in.
tattacks. on black activists. He and
another vigilante. had been.
(“captured”. that morning, said.
UDF officials, after’ - working
with police, in. fire-bombing
_seven -homes of activists., in.
\Thokoza,, and _Katlehong.. A:
woman, Margaret’ Komane.
Ogoloda, 31, was burnt to death.
in one of the attacks. ° ©)"

|, Zwane, a thin man ii tattered,

‘elothes who began -his’ publics
confession hesitantly but gained
confidence as he talked, said he
;had worked as a paid informer
for the police after being jailed,
for smoking dagga.

About three months ago he had
helped the police in a series of
attacks on activists’ homes in
which a three-month-old baby;
had died, he said. He added he
had been paid R120 4

The vigilante said early on
Wednesday morning Security
Police fetched him from his

jhome and took him to Thokoza

57

JPRS«S5 4-86
“O71
9 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

86 pp 1, 2

and Katlehong, telling him that
President P W Botha would be
“very happy” if Katlehong
Youth League activist Satch
Chawe were “eliminated”. He
said he was promised R500.

He and 13 other vigilantes,
accompanied by two white and
three black policemen, had
thrown bricks and petro! bombs
at seven homes of known
activists in the two= townships,
the vigilante said.

Chawe told reporters he had
seen the 19-year-old vigilante in
the glare of his burning house
and had chased and caught him.
The man confessed after being
told he would be spared the
“necklace”, Chawe added.

Murphy Morobe, acting
publicity secretary of the UDF,
said activists could only respond
to attacks by the police, army,
balaclava-clad white men, and
vigilantes by forming defence
committees.

“We urge (President) Botha to
think of the implications,”
Morobe said. “If you are
attacking heavily armed people,
you want to be armed to protect
yourself.”



ENVOY TO DENMARK MISSING-~Kampala--Uganda's ambassador to Denmark has abandoned
hig duties, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced in Kampala. ‘The ministry
said in a statement that the envoy, J. B. Moli, formerly Permanent Secretary,
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, left his station on April 18 without seeking
permission from Kampala. The statement observed that the action taken by Mr
Moli came as a surprise to the government since it was only recently that he
was told of his transfer to another country. This new assignment, the state-
ment adds was a vote of confidence in Mr Moli on the part of the National Re-
sistance Movement (NRM) government, considering that he was posted as ambas~
gador to Denmark by the ousted military regime. "It is disappointing to note
that this confidence and goodwill were misplaced," the statement concluded.
[Text] [Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 9 May 86 p 1] 19274

CHANGES IN DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION--District Commissioners are to come down one
jadder and assume a second position in the districts, taking a name of District
Executive Secretaries (DES). According to the new local administration struc~
ture to be announced soon by the NRM government, the SDA is number one official
in the district, appointed by and answerable directly to the President. The
SDA is also the political head in the district responsible for the co-ordin-
ation of NRM politics in their respective areas. When the new structure is
effected the SDAs could lose the tug 'special' and become simply District Ad-
ministrators. The District Executive Secretaries are to be the heads of the
civil service and also secretaries to the district councils assisted by
Assistant Executive Secretaries (presently called ADCs). These officers might
now fall under the Ministry of Local Administration instead of President's
office as has been the case since independence. Obotes's admjr istrative,
Secretaries who were his political representatives in the districts were
rendered redundant by the new structure. This is why they hav2 been sent on
forced leave if not retirement 'in the public interest.' Meanwhile the Minis-
try of Local Administration is said to have requested the SDAs and DC to send
in their nominations for the District Service Committees to be appointed soon.
[Text] [Kampala WEEKLY TOPIC in English 30 Apr 86 p 1] 19274

PRICE CONTROLS--Kampala, Tuesday~-The Uganda Government is about to introduce a
price control system covering essential commodities like sugar, soap and salt.
Radio Uganda announced this last night and added that the Central Bank of Uganda
had released a list of commodities and services for which convertible cur-
rencies may be allocated to traders and other applicants. Quoting a press
release issued on Monday by the Ministry of Commerce, the radio said the retail
price for sugar will be Uganda Sh1,400 (U.S. $0.93) per kilo and the wholesale
price Sh60,000 for a 50 kg bag ($40). The wholesale price of a 50 kg bag of
salt is to be Sh15,000 and the retail price $h400 per kg. There have been no
price controls in Uganda ever since 1981 attempt by the ousted regime of Presi-
dent Milton Obote to impose ceilings on consumer prices was abandoned after

it precipitated shortages on the open market. Prices have since been sky~
rocketing every week. A kilogramme of sugar has been going for between
$h2,500 and Sh3,000. Spot checks will be carried out to ensure that con-
sumers are not cheated, the state-controlled radio said. The government

move is however already provoking controversy. Mr Expedito Kapere, a Kampala
wholesaler for 25 years, said bitterly today: “These people surely cannot be
serious. They have for three months now been promising to flood the

country with commodities, but so far nothing has arrived. Not until they
import their own goods will they have a right to tamper with market prices."
‘An economist at Makerere University said the government would have to "revise
its priorities." "What is required today is to increase production, provide
worker incentives, strengthen the currency and create a generally healthy econ-
omic environment before we embark on any attempt to control consumer prices,"
he a) [Edward Kitaka] [Text] [Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 14 May 86
p 36] /9274

cso: 3400/1945 53



JPRS+SSA*86°071
9 July 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

GOVERNMENT LAUNCHES RIVER IRRIGATION PROJECTS

Dar es Salaam SUNDAY NEWS in English 25 May 86 p 2

{Article by Zephania Ubwani]

{Text ] *; eee
MOZAMBIQUE, a land of out which crops would thrive
many. rivers: but. victim of , ,most inthe area. .
drought and floods, may soon ‘It is not casy: to imagine how
lessen her dependency on the the. Sabie-Inkomati_plains and
erratic weather which had ‘the entire Moamba District will
caused mich -havoc there this look like when the giant dam
decade... ‘ tae starts pumping water across the
In the Southern Province of fields in what would.be a modern
Maputo, | with long history of irrigation scheme in the country.
poor agriculture and hard hit by But. certainly for the.90,000 .
drought recently, the govern- peasants in the area, it appears
ment has embarked on ambiti- “there could not have n,
ous projects to utilise river wat- another option to improve their .

ers to raise agricultural produc--' agriculture arid salvage | them
tivit

. . : : i ies of weather — *
‘The largest.of the projectsis at | (segts bs bods.

Corumana in Moamba District It is true the recent drought in
some 100 kilometres northwest Mozambique and. the entire
of Maputo, where anItaliancon- + Southern Africa has drastically
sortium is involved in.the con- | ‘reduced agricultural produce,
Struction of a giant dam intended resulting in- famine never :seen
to irrigate some 200,000 hectares ‘before and ‘disturbed socio-

; of farms.’ nomic development of the”
©The 1.5 billion/- construction people. me

project is still two and a half But the Corumana ‘area and
. years to be completed. The dam the entire. Moamba District are

would have a dual purpose: To..; known to be leading in the cul
fight drought and at the same i; vation ser rsize, poratoes, veg
time control, another scourge in ables and cotton’ in the past,
the area — floods. 7 “while. livestock :: keeping was .,
Construction © of ©, the } another economic. activity for.
Corumana dam across river the peasants. a .
Sabic, started in early 1983 andis By last week, one could see
undertaken by an Italian consor- cotton ing in the wild, obvi- “
tium. called Caboco. The dam is = ously from abandoned farms.
expected to cover nearly 80‘ The entire area also has patches
square kilometres and willhave "of tandthatseemedtohavebeen :
the filling capacity of some 1.3, cultivated in the far past. . eq
billion cubic metres of water. . luch of the economic decline
Sabie river originates , from in the area started during the
South Africa, wie . Portuguese colonial rule, says+
Moamba District officials say the Moamba District Adminis-
some 200,000 hectares of farm- trator (District Commissioner),
land in Sabie-Inkomati plains Nhundzwane Bila.
have been earmarked tor to tind The Portuguese are said to

15



JPRS~SSA86"071
9 July 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

INHASSORO FISH PRODUCTION REPORTED LOW
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 27 May 86 p 3

[Text] In Inhassoro, in which the leading fishing center of Inhambane Province
is located, 201 tons of fish have been caught to date. This volume is consider-
ed small, in view of the potential for fish resources that Inhassoro possesses.
This fact is associated with the lack of fishing equipment currently occurring
in the country. .

Although there has been an increase in fishermen with respect to previous years,
this has not represented a rise in Inhassoro's production. Just by way of
example, during the period 1975-76, that fishing center had 132 fishermen, and
at present the number totals 280.

The most predominant type of fishing, with a sizeable production, is with
mechanical dragging, which requires the use of a tractor, steel cable, and
nets. To catch the fish, the net is cast several meters from the shore,
based on the length of the steel cable; and this operation can be carried out
over an area of 1,000 meters or more. The tractor, which is on the shore,
hauls the steel cable, which is rolled on a pulley, in a job that can last
from 3 to 4 hours. In each operation, the average fish caught amounts to 5
tons.

At present, of the six fishermen with a mechanical dragger, only three are

now engaged in the activity, because the others have their tractors broken
down for lack of spare parts. Even those who are operating are struggling with
the lack of lubricating oil, steel cable, and fuel.

Another problem of concern to the Inhassoro fishermen is related to the lack of
cold storage facilities for preserving the fish; because PESCOM's refrigerating
equipment installed there has been out of operation since it was sabotaged by
the armed bandits nearly 3 years ago.

This situation has caused much of the fish to have to be dried for better
preservation, with sales of fresh fish and other shellfish. limited to the
population residing in the town of Inhassoro and to ships arriving from Sofala
and the city of Inhambane, which sail thefe regularly to purchase fish.

/

44



JPRS*SSA*86+071
9 July 1986

UGANDA

PROBLEMS IN COUNTRY'S RECONSTRUCTION INDICATED

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 23 Apr 86 pp 6-8

[Text]

The National Resistance Army (NRA) has finished
the military battle. Now the NRA’s political wing,
the National Resistance -Movement (NRM),
spearheaded by the National Resistance Council
(NRC), is confronted with a daunting administrative
battle: how to run a country that has been devastated
economically and socially by war and anarchy.
Though it will take perhaps a decade or more to
restore public confidence in government, an efficient
decision-making process now, however short on
administrative experience, will be crucial to the
national reconciliation process started so admirably
by the NRA.

Inevitably, domestic and international expecta-
tions for swift recovery are far too high: a guerrilla
movement cannot oust the offending regime, take
on the reins of government and then repair the
country without losing its balance from time to time.

The new regime is also faced with a number of
specific difficulties:

@ Lack of administrative experience. The civil service
has been unable to function properly for years. Many highly.
trained people emigrated; incompetent political appointees at all
top levels of government and in parastatals often ensured both

the collapse of the parastatals and a final blow to the morale of
those professional people still trying to fulfill their jobs.

The NRM wishes to instill the message that its
coming to power means a complete change of style,
even a revolution. Under President Yoweri Muse-
veni’s exacting standards, many NRM officials are
wary of tapping the pool of under-employed former
civil servants for fear that they could undermine the
NRM’s purity. Once the structure of government
and the division of power between the NRC and the
cabinet is practicably established, it will obviously
be easier for the NRM’s policy-makers to bring in
non-NRM experts without feeling the NRM risks
being compromised.

However, in the short-term, the NRM will be very
hard-pushed to cope with the most basic administra-
tion, In a country where inflation is about 200%,
and where wages usually cover only one fifth of
essential purchases, administration needs to be flexi-
ble. While the NRM is sorting. out the structure
and composition of its national government, special
district. administrators (SDAs) are touring the
districts to persuade people to hand over weapons,
get back to work and have faith in the new govern-
ment. Some SDAs have administrative abilities; but
many appear to be struggling; nearly all toe the
political line given them by the NRM’s political
directorate (in theory the executive committee of the
NRC, in practice, at this stage, often the minister
of state and effective supremo in the prime minister’s
office; Eriya Kategaya).

In circumstances where fast, local decision-making

would be more effective, the adherence to ‘Kampala
directives comes across as a bit ponderous, especially
when local people are ‘‘politically re-educated”’.'
(Most people know what went wrong in the past.
Lack of government and laws gave way to anarchy.
The good example set by the NRA so far has done
infinitely more to influence people than any amount
of verbal exhortation will achieve).
@ How to convert the NRA from a fighting army
to a peace-time force? Obote’s biggest single pro! jiem was
his lack of control over UNLA and the officers, like Gen. Oyite
Ojok, who ran it. Plans to demobilise UNLA soldiers and
establish proper control over the army came to nought. The NRA
has to cope now with a particularly difficult transition: from a
highly-motivated, cohesive guerrilla force-cum-army into a vast
agglomeration of soldiers from various once opposing forces.
Daily the NRA is absorbing UNLA troops.

Eventually Uganda might wish to have a small,
professional army about 15,000-strong. But in the
short-to-medium-term it might well swell to over

48



JPRS“SSA+86«071
9 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

COSATU UNDER PRESSURE FOR MORE VIGOROUS ANTIAPARTHEID STANCE
Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE in German 21 May 86 p 13

[article by Wolfgang Mueller-Haeseler: ."South African Workers Forming up;
Rush to Radical Labor Unions"]

[Text] In the black worker cities of South Africa the transition from the
state of ferment to open rebellion has taken place more quickly than the
apartheid government in Pretoria wants to admit. Over Pentecost there were
14 dead in the black settlement of Crossroads near Capetown. It will help
the government in Pretoria little that it can point out that this time it was
not the white police who caused the deaths but blacks who murdered supposed
collaborators. Now the results are beginning to show of partly empty, partly
spitefully delayed promises. The government has failed to recognize the signs
which the blacks have clearly painted on the wail.

In December 1985 an umbrella organization of the predominantly black labor
unions was founded under the name of Congress of South African Trade Unions,
Cosatu. Even prior to the founding meeting demands were made which indicate

an increasing politicization: of the labor union movement.Within 3 months,
Cosatu reported about 500,000 members. Hereby it is not important whether

this figure provided by Cosatu itself is actually correct. What is decisive

is the fact that this organization, unlike its predecessors, can present itself
as a representative of the black workers regardless of their tribal membership.
In this connection it may play an important role that the unrest in South Africa
today has a different quality than the uprising of Sharpeville in 1960 and of
Soweto-in 1976, which involved largely locally or regionally limited protest
actions, while now the uprising, it is true, does not involve the entire
country but large parts of it. Especially the industrial centers between
Johannesburg and Pretoria, near Port Elizabeth, Durban and Capetown are affected.
In contrast to other labor union movements, Cosatu does not exclude membership
by white members.

It is in competition with the older Federation of South African Trade Unions
(Fosatu), which relies more on the state registration and arbitration system
and is more likely to meet with approval from the government. Time will tell
whether or not it loses followers to the more radical Cosatu. Fosatu also
largely rejects cooperation with the United Democratic Front which has gathered
a few smaller, mostly radical labor unions around itself. For the time being,

77



JPRSSSA+86-071
9 July 1986

Last Febraury Aden Robleh had a book published in Paris which was an implicit
challenge to the president (see ION No 221). He also appears to have recently
been trying to organise around him the armed forces officers who belonged to
the FLCS (14 out of a total of 42, according to the survey "Djibouti: les
Institutions Politiques et Militaires" which was also published in February
by THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER).

The question now arises as to who will succeed Aden Robleh on the politbureau.
Two names are being generally put forward: Moussa Bouraleh Robleh, minister
for trade and tourism, and Mohamed Djama Elabeh, minister for education.

Bomb Attack
Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 24 May 86 p 4

[Text] The former Djibouti minister Aden Robleh Awaleh, who fled to Ethiépia
on May 12 in company with member of parliament Omar Elmi Khaireh and Lieuten-
ant Houssa Houssein (commander of the Dikhil company of the Frontier Commando
Group}, is reportedly "detained" by the Ethiopian authorities at Ali Dar, a
village some 15 kilometres across the border. His wife and children are also
there.

Aden Robleh's hasty departure a few days after his expulsion from the polit-
bureau of the ruling party, was caused by the opening of proceedings against
him, implicating him directly in the bomb attack last January 14 on party
headquarters, as the summit of the Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought
and Development was taking place.

[Commentary by] THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER: This information confirms that
Aden Robleh, who had abandoned hope of succeeding to the presidency through
the internal channels of the country's only party, had decided to seize power
by violence with the support of officers formerly in his Front de Liberation
de la Cote des Somalis. It was the confession of two of these officers
which led the gendarmerie to Aden Robleh.

19274
cso: 3400/1970

10



JPRS*SSA+86-071
9 July 1986

UGANDA

BRIEFS

ENVOY TO UN DIES--Uganda's newly appointed Permanent Representative at the
United Nations in New York, Mr Aloysius Bakulu-Mpagi Wamala died Saturday
in Kampala after a long illness. He was 39 years old. [Excerpts] [Kampala
THE STAR in English 5 May 86 pp 1, 2] /9274

MINISTER COMMENDS CHINESE. EXPERTS--The Minister of Agriculture and Forestry,

Dr Robert Kitariko has commended the work of the Chinese experts at Kibimba
rice Company. The Minister was speaking at Kibimba during a familiarisation
‘tour of projects under his ministry. He urged Ugandan personnels to emmulate
the skills and devotion of the Chinese experts to enable the company to con-
tinue to operate successfully. He asked Kibimba rice Company staff to popular—
ize rice growing to the farmers around the company so as to increase its
production in the country. [Excerpt] [Kampala THE STAR in English 28 Apr 86
ppl, 5, 6] /9274

AID FOR SA FREEDOM FIGHTERS--Uganda's Foreign Affairs Minister, Mr

Ibrahim Mukiibi has revealed that Uganda intends to extend active support

to South African freedom fighters. This, he said, would be one of the only
ways*to help the South Africans in their task of ridding their country of
apartheid. Mukiibi was addressing a ministerial meeting of the Co-ordinating
Bureau of the Non-Aligned countries, currently taking place in New Delhi,
India. [Excerpt] (Kampala THE STAR in English 22 Apr 86 pp 1, 5] /9274

NOTU UNINFORMED ON STRIKES--The Secretariat of the National Organisation of
Trade Unions (NOTU) has blamed its member national trade unions concerned

with the recent strikes, for failing to report to NOTU labour unrests by

their members. NOTU's concern over the action of some of its members was
voiced by the Organisation's Treasurer General, Mr Patrick Katabulingi, when
contacted by THE STAR yesterday about the strike by the workers of the Dairy
Corporation which has led to the complete closure of the milk plant.
Katabulingi, the acting NOTU General Secretary told THE STAR that NOTU had

not been informed of the strike action by its members at the Dairy Corpor-
ation. He expressed similar surprise about another go-slow strike reportedly
taking place at the BAT plant in Kampala. The NOTU boss said his organisation's
central governing council is expected to convene on 22 this month, and member
unions concerned with the recent strikes will be asked to explain the grievances
of their members to NOTU. The meeting will be attended by officials of the NOTU
Secretariat and two representatives each from all the 15 national trade unions
affiliated to the central organisation. [Text] [Kampala THE STAR in English
15 Apr 86 pp 1, 5) /9274

52



Membership Dispute Boils at Cosatu Congress “
(Pippa Green; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 23-29 May 86) ....eeseseeee

Ciskei's Sebe Addresses National Assembly
(DAILY DISPATCH, 13 May 86) ..cccceccccccceveccccvececcees

‘Exploitation’ of Ciskei Workers Under Fire
(DAILY DISPATCH, 22 May 86) .cevecececsetecceceeeeeceenece

Mozambique Refugee Crisis Hits Lebowa
(CAPE TIMES, 29 May 86) .cscscecececcccscccccvcussscsceees

Expatriates 'Flooding' Transkei Job Market Called Disturbing
(DAILY DISPATCH, 31 May 86) ..sccccccccccccecccecesvsveces

Surveys Says PWV Blacks Opt for Negotiations
(Gerald Reilly; BUSINESS DAY, 29 May 86) ...secsesescceeee

Nation's Muslims' Role in Fighting Apartheid Praised
(Farook Ali; SECHABA, Mar 86) .essceesccescscccecseeceeees

Briefs
Sebe To Pursue Foreign Recognition
Bisho Development Praised
New Resort Boosts Ciskei Tourism
Ciskei Bulembu Airport Nearly Complete
Support of Black Supervisors Urged
Black Policemen Praised
Employment for 27,000 Ciskeians

SOCLOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Portuguese Daily Analyzes. Reactions to Raids
(O DIABO, 27 May 86) ..ecssccccvcccccvccuvccsccecccesences

Some City. Councils Call for Open Areas
(Dianna Games; BUSINESS DAY, 28 May 86) .cssccsssscccecees

Briefs
Wyebank Indians Need Land
‘Anticrime' Group Formed
Students' SADF Resolution
Iscor Accused of Racism
Emigrants Uprooting at Greater Pace

ECONOMIC

Government Unable To Pay Food Subsidies
(BUSINESS DAY, 22 May 86) .rcciseccccveecccccvccsvcesccees

80

82

83

84

85

86

87

89
89
89
90
90
90
90

92

94

95
95
95
96
96

97


tainly at a low ebb. The regime thought they had
smasHed the movement, and repeatedly boasted
about it.

pie Plead

Of course they. were to be proved wrong; but
all this was a great setback to our plans. There
was no surrender; we strove to push on with the
struggle. At the most difficult period a comrade
like Wilton Mkwayi, heading Umkhonto in the
period 1963-64, managed to carry on with some
actions, but in the end he and his group were also
arrésted,

The spirit of determination and commitment
to the struggle was best demonstrated in the Zint-
babwe campaign of 1967-68 and the deeds of the
Luthili Detachment. Their aim, of course, was
to reach home and begin guerrilla-type actions
there. Our comrades fought gloriously, and many
died; among them, comrades who shall never be
forgotten,like Delmas. Sibanyoni, James
Masimini; Paul Petersen (Basil February),
Patrick Molaoa, Michael Pooe,

Many of the comrades who fought in that cam-
paign are leaders of MK today; and, though we
failed in ourobjective of getting home; our com-
rades gained invaluable experience, This was an
historic milestone in the struggle, and a true bap-
tism of fire. .

One problem of the time was the fact that we
were a long way frosi.our country. Also our
underground inside the country had virtually
ceased to exist, and the situation at home was cer-
tainly no stormy ‘period of mass struggle.

We still kept trying over the next few years,
however, and never stopped the process of in-
filtration. But 'the going was slow. Boy

It was the upsurge of struggle at home in the
period 1973-74, the big strikes, and then the new!
mood of the youth, the Soweto uprising of 1976;
that changed the situation. The Soweto uprising
was like a flash of lightning that showed an en-
tire generation the need for arms, and it herald:"

ed a period when mass struggle was once more
in the ascendant. This struggle of our people has
grown dramatically year by year, and now month
by month, virtually week by week. Hundreds and
even thousands of recruits have joined Umkhonto
asa result. Our people’s army has grown tremén-
dously. We now possess many skills and, thanks
to our friends in the socialist world, especially
the Soviet Union’, we have. at our disposal all
forms of modern weapons suited to our struggle;
‘This period has witnessed a great and dramatic
increase in the combat actions at home, including ,
many brilliant and brave ones. There have been
the attacks on SASOL and Voortrekkerhoogte,
Koeberg, the bomb blast outside the South
African Air Force headquarters in Pretoria, the
attacks on the enémy’s communications, the
limpet and land mine attacks on his borders and

69

deep in the country. Most significantly, there was
the land mine action in Mamelodi recently, where
an armoured vehicle full of soldiers was
destroyed. Grenade attacks are now taking place
in many of the townships from the Cape to the
Reef, and there was the recent audacious bomb
blast at John Vorster Square. There have been
physical attacks on soldiers and police, so we
now see mounting casualties. on the side of. the
enemy. All these demonstrate the effectiveness
of our combatants, and some of the actions show
tremendous skill. :

MK has never been so popular among young
and old as it is now, and we-witness. at the
demonstrations and funerals the people clad in
khaki uniforms and berets, carrying wooden AK
rifles and singing MK songs. Hamba Kahle,
Mkhonto! has become the song of the streets and’

. barricades, and it’s clear that the stone throwers,
the hurlers of petrol bombs, all regard themselves
as would-be soldiers of Umkhonto we Sizwe.

1 would like to mention the names of some of
our outstanding combatants, who, by their deeds
‘and sacrifices, wrote glorious pages in the comt--
Bat record of Umkhonto We Sizwe during this
decade of rebellion, and have contributed to the
revolutionary upsurge of our people. They were
comrades such as Solomon Mahlangu, Jerty
Mosololi; Marcus Motaung, Simon Mogoerane,-
who bravely faced the Pretoria hangmen. There
were those who fell at Matola, Maseru, Gabarone

:and elsewhere, such as Motso Mokgabudi.
Mduduzi Guma, Krish Rabilal, Zwvelakhe Nyan-
da, Nomkhosi Mini (daughter of Vuyisile).
David Skosana, Titus Jobo and Harold Dantile
(Morris). There were many who fought it outto
the last bullet or hand grenade, comrades such
as the Silverton heroes, Thami Makhuba,
Wilfred Madcla and Fanie Mafoko, Linda
Jubane, the “lion of Chiewelo,” “Khuduga
Molokwane, the Dobsonville schoolteacher.”
There was Richard Molokoane (Barney), one of

* our most outstanding commanders, who died
with Victor Khayiyane and Vincento Sekete on-
ly last December, after a daring bid to attack
Sasol once again with rockets, Linda Khuzwayo,
who fell in Ingwavuma in 1984, Livingstone
Gaza, Vincent Tshabalala, Lucas Njongwe.
Eldridge Yakiti, Jerry Nene and Samuel Segola
(Elias Banda), courageous fighters all, the last
falling valiantly’ in. a shoot-out with police as
recently as March this year in Katlehong.

Mart e these, and our leaders and:com-

~ batants imprisoned for years for MK and other

actions. performed indispensable tasks, and will

never be forgotten. Their brave deeds inspire our

army and our people, and their spears have been
picked up by others, >

You have described how MK played its role in



JPRS*SSA-86+071
9 July 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

MAJOR GRAIN STORAGE COMPLEX INAUGURATED IN CHOKWE
Governors Attend Ceremony
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 May 86 p 1

[Text] The largest complex of silos yet constructed in the country for cleaning,
drying and storing grain, capable of handling the [drying] operation at a

rate of 20. tons per hour and with~a storage capacity of 10,000 tons under
optimum conditions for preservation, was inaugurated last Saturday in Conhane,
Chokwe Digtrict, by Governor Franctsco Pateguana, in a ceremony attended by

the GDR ambassador in Maputo and Mozambican Agriculture Minister Joao Ferreira,
amnng other officials invited to witness the presentation and the startup

of operations.

Built within the framework of the cooperation accords between Mozambique and
the GDR, the silos now inaugurated in the most productive area in the south

of the country are the first of their kind to be installed in a rice processing
unit aid will, in the future, represent a significant reduction in rice losses
during the processing and warehousing operations.

Constructed with the most sophisticated and modern building techniques, with
totally automated systems, the silos will have basically two functions: drying
or race and other grains and storage for a year or longer, according to needs.
The cost of construction and installation was about 270,000 contos, with

$4.5 million financed by the GDR for the purchase of equipment and the payment
of foreign manpower, and 90,000 meticals to cover Mozambique's expenses.

The technicians and officials connected with the project estimate that, among
other advantages, the installation of the silos will mean a reduction in the
rice losses of about 30 percent “that we experience annually with problems
arising in the harvesting and warehousing, and will also enable us to store
the grain under lese humid conditions," said a source linked to the sector.

The GDR specialists who have been here for about 4 years overseeing the ingtal-
lation reported that the silos were built in accordance with the most modern
standards of technology; they assured that this model of silo has a long useful
life.

24



TSHIKOTA TOWNSHIP'S PEDI PEOPLE RESIST REMOVAL

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 24 Jun 86 p 32

[Article by Jo-Anne Collinge]

[Text]

/9317

Adult bodies are’
squeezed into school’
desks. The white-haired
chairman’s face dances:

-in the flickering candle’

light. Everyone is intent
on the words of the
speaker — everyone ex-
cept a curious dog with
a soprano whine and an
undisciplined tail.

“We are staying here

‘until the river goes in

flood. All these people:
here they are staying —
they do not waver,” the
speaker from the floor |
says. “We are very lucky
we do not have people
worrying us about mov-.'
ing like they used to do.”
Outside the peaceful
classroom the Louis Tri-
chardt township of Tshi-
kota lies in ruins. Meet-
ing in the school are the
die-hards who have re-
fused to move to the Le-
bowa area ‘of Seshego,
more than 100 km away.
. Most are Pedi, Some

6000 Shangaan and Ven-|

da were removed over
the past four years to re-

CSO: 3400/165

settlement villages inside:
the homelands. :

The Government is
resolute only hostels will
remain standing in Tshi-
kota — and this was un»
derscored in Parliament
Jast week — but residents
have not admitted defeat.

It has been stated ‘in

-Parliament that negotia-'

‘tions with the remaining |

families are continuing,
but residents deny this.‘
The official number of fa-
milies still in Tshikota is
27. Local estimates put’
the number at 60.
Co-ordinating the resis-
tance to removal is 80-
year-old Mr Titus Kgan-
akga, a former teacher.
Residents have peti-
tioned the Minister of
Constitutional Develop-
ment and Planning, Mr
Chris Heunis, to stop the
removal and to develope
Tshikota. They have
asked him to visit their.
township and the resett-:
lement areas of Vleifon-;
tein in Venda and Water-;

67

SOUTH AFRICA

; val in Gazankulu to listen
: to grievances,

; Mr Kganagka has also
written to Mr Heunis
pointing out that Tshiko-
ta’s people are workers
— and taking them
100km south will mean
certain loss of jobs and
the prospect of unending
unemployment.

“It is just as good as
throwing them in the
street or veld because
they will not be able. to
pay their rentals.” .

The option of the men
staying on in hostels for
| the sake of their jobs was,
equally objectionable,
said Mr Kganakga.

: Mr Kganakga pointed
out that his community
had played an important
part in developing educa-
tional facilities in Louis
“Trichardt. a

,. “But now they are
being ejected from Louis
‘Trichardt as if they were
vomit. They are looked
“upon as skunks today.”



He said no-one had come to Siyabuswa to complain about independence. "It was
only (Prince) James--he organised and instigated the whole thing. We have
not seen him around Siyabuswa this week, though."

He denied any possibility of the Imbokhoto being disbanded and said that “with
the riots their work has only just begun. The Imbokhoto are being used against
the comrades."

As the homeland returned to relative calm this week, there remained several
signs of protest. Almost all the 80 primary and secondary schools in the home-
land are still on boycott and are likely to remain so until after the sthool
holidays in June. . -

The funeral of Matshiloane was the first of a number of funerals due to be
held in the homeland and was attended by thousands of children in spite of the
fear that has gripped KwaNdebele as a result of the rule of the Imbokhoto.

This fear was even greater this week as residents anticipated revenge action
by Imbokhoto members, many of whose shops and houses were burnt down during
the uprising last week.

Reports of a detention camp to which abducted children have been taken are
widely reported in the homeland and at least one youth was burned to death
in an alleged revenge attack by the Imbokhoto in Boekenhoutfontein on Sunday.

Thirty people--alleged to be members of the Imbokhoto--appeared in court this
week charged with the murder of Jacob Skosana, whose funeral last week fuelled

the rage against the vigilantes.

Several more funerals--including that of a six-year-old boy who was driven

over by a bus which went out of control after police fired teargas into it at
last Wednesday's meeting--are to be held in the next few days and could again
ignite opposition to independence and the rule of Skhosana and the Imbokhoto.

Meanwhile, in an interview with the Weekly Mail, the Commissioner-General for
KwaNdebele, Gerrie van det Merwe, said independence had not been finalised
and that this would only be the case after the 44 agreements being negotiated
between the South African government and KwaNdebele were completed.

19274
csO: 3400/1899

60



JPRS~SSA-8
“86-07
9 July 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

INHAMBANE GOVERNOR ON DROUGHT, OTHER ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 17 May 86 p 3

{Text of interview with Jose Pagcoal Zandamela, governor of Inhambane Province,
by Custodio Inacio, in Inhambane on 18 April 1986; first two paragraphs are
NOTICIAS introduction]

[Text] Jose Pascoal Zandamela, governor of Inhambane Province, told NOTICIAS
recently that the food situation in the province ig still cause for concern
dn 37 localities in 6 of the 12 districts in this zone of the country. In
fact, according to the governor, about 440,600 people still face serious prob-
lems of hunger because of the drought. This figure includes more than 1,100
children, most of whom are orphans, and more than 35,500 people displaced
from their native areas because of actions by the armed bandits.

In an interview granted to NOTICIAS and DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, the governor

of Inhambane discussed such topics ap the strategy for the economic recovery
of the province; the political-military situation; exploitation of the agricul-
tural, livestock, mineral, forest and fishing resources; marketing of cashew
nuts; the implementation of the order of the day: "A hectare of cotton

per family"; 4nternational gupport for the various projects in education,
health, transportation and communications; and the maintenance of socialist
legality.

Question: Inhambane was and Still ig one of the zones victimized by the drought.
Compared with the years 1980, 1981 and 1982, the situation seems to have improved.
Governor, could you fill us 4n on the present situation and what lines of
direction the government hag taken and ig taking to solve this problem?

Answer: Inhambane Province has, in fact, been drought-stricken for about

7 years. Today, in effect, we can say that the situation has improved con-
siderably, particularly dn the rural areas, becauge the rain has been falling
with some regularity for the last 3 years. However, the famine cannot be

said to have been overcome. We are still concerned about the situation, par-
ticularly in 37 localities in 6 of the 12 districts in the province; basically,
in Govuro, Vilanculo, Mabote, Funhalouro, Massinga and Panda districts, where
we currently have about 440,600 people seriously affected by the famine, includ-
ing more than 1,100 children, most of whom are orphans, and also 35,500 people
who were driven from their native areas by the action of the armed bandits.

17



JPRS“SSA~86~071
9 July 1986

MANIOC CULTIVATION URGED TO. FIGHT DROUGHT .IN VILANCULO
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 27 May 86 p 3

[Text] Vilanculo was (and still is) the reference point for the critical phase
of the drought in Inhambane Province. This district, like those of Mabote and
Govuro, is still suffering the effects of that natural disaster.

But Vilanculo was not only the district cited many times by the native and
foreign news media because of the fact that it is the bridge. at which the
stricken population and all the support sent to the drought victims in the
northern region of Inhambane Province converged. It.was there that the food
products, clothing and other donations of support have been channeled, because
of the facilities that it has, with easy access by sea and air.

Realizing that the native and international backing are not sufficient, the
provincial party and state agencies in Inhambane were soon forewarned of the
need for the population victimized not only by the drought but also by the
armed bandits'activity to resume farm production, for its subsistence. One

of the instructions issued by those agencies related to the need for introducing
drought-resistant crops, such as manioc.

The fact is that this instruction was reiterated among the. populations of the
Vilanculo, Gouvuro, and Mabote districts. On the collective or family farms,
there is already a sizeable production of that crop.

However, this fact does not pose a problem for increasing the manioc growing,
because the population, which has personally experienced the scourge of the
drought, engaged itself. without reservations in planting maniac on its farms.
taking precautions in the event that there should again be a lack of rain for
agricultural production, which would make possible the use of manioc as an
alternative food.

The responsibility for carrying out the increase in manioc production is borne
by the agricultural agencies which must.send manioc stakes to that region for

its plantations.

This work was assisted by the party and state district agencies, mobilizing ©
the population for production, the results of which are evident at present.

34



JPRS*SSA-86-071
9 July 1986

WEST: GERMAN DEBT RELIEF RESCHEDULED FOR K847 MILLION

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 29 May 86 p 5

(Text ]

19274
csO:

WEST Germany has given debt relief to Zambig

amounting to K847 million [DM 269 million] for the

years 1985 and 1986 in accordance with the Paris
Club agreement of last month.

The Zambian govern-
ment also had its borrowing
from the Kredijanstalt
Fur Weideranfban (KFW)
of Gernisay’ amounting
to K32.7_ million . (DM
10.4 million) for 1985
maturities rescheduled.

fhis came to light ye-
sterday following the signi-
ng of the rescheduling agr-
eements at the Ministry
of Finance in Lusaka on
Tuesday.

The Permanent Secre-

tary, Mr Esau Nebwe,
signed on behalf of Zambia
while the German Ambas-
sador to Zambia, Dr Klans
Timmermann, signed on
behalf of his govern-
ment. Mr Wolfgaga Abel
signed on behalf of KFW.

3400/1897

The 1985 and 1986
maturities on commercial

54

‘debts have also been
consolidated and resche-
duled,

West Germany is the
first Paris Club member
to give deht relief to Zamb-
la.

ZAMBIA


banditry is situational and Inhambane cannot say it is doing better when there
are other zones in the country which are deeply troubled with this problem.

It ig certain that the action of our Defense and Security forces, together
with the people's efforts, have brought about important changep, in our favor.
At this moment, we have made travel secure for the entire length of National
Highway No 1 in the province. We have lines of communication with all the
districts by land routes; finally, we have areas where the population now
feels actually at peace, but gince the problem is situational, the struggle
is still continuing. We are intensifying activities for the patriotic
education of the masses, particularly young people, to sign up for SMO
[Compulsory Military Training], through surveys and education in primary and
secondary schools and among the general public in the communal villages

and in the cities. We are intensifying the training of the people at all
levels.

In just 18 months, many new communal villages have emerged as the result

of the resettlement of population groups in secure areas of the province,
where they now have areas parceled out for production. Production ig combined
with the defense of the country, the defense of their homes, farm plots and
families. Thus the situation has improved, but armed banditry continues

to concern us; we cannot disarm ourselves, We cannot relax our guard, 50 we
must take continuing action in defense of the country, promoting close ties
between the people and the defense and Security forces, 60 as to insure coordi-
nated action for the total and complete eradication of armed banditry, not
only in Inhambane Province, but throughout the country.

Exploitation of Forest and Fishing Resources

Question: Governor, Imhambane Province is rich in agricultural, mineral,
forest and fishing resources, as well as hydrocarbons. What has been done
to date in the exploitation of this wealth?

Answer: Within its 80 kilometers from the coast to the interior, Inhambane
Province has forest areas with woods and some working sawmills. In the past,
there were many sawmills, about a dozen, almost all of which were destroyed

by the armed bandits. Based on a plan approved by the provincial government,

we are proceding to rehabilitate six sawmills, including a parquet manufactur-
ing plant (PARMOL). We will certainly face many problems with this restoration-~
lack of parts and materials essential for the maintenance of the machines

and 60 on--but we determined that these six would be the ones which we should
maintain in the province, By way of illustration, this year we have a goal

of 4,500 cubic meters of logs and 2,500 cubic meters of cut lumber. Considering
the effort which is being expended, we want to achieve and exceed these goals,
using these figures as the base. We have also planned to reforest 50 hectares
and this program will be continued annually so that the trees which are cut
down will be replaced, to insure that there will always be lumber, there will
always be fire wood available from our forests.

With regard to fishing, we are proceeding with the rehabilitation of shipyards
in Vilanculo and the city of Inhambane. We are arranging for ship builders

to do the repairs. A project is now under study and in an advanced stage

of implementation (the documents have already been signed) for the installation,
for the first time in the province, of a fishing association, which will not

20



JPRS«Ssa-g6 07.
071
9 July 1986

WR gears SOUTH AFRICA

NATION'S MUSLIMS’ ROLE IN FIGHTING APARTHEID PRAISED
Lusaka SECHABA in English Mar 86 pp 21, 22
[Article by Farook Ali]

{Text] Red checkered Palestinian scarves, chanting “Allahu Akbar" (Allah is
great), defying the occupation forces, they surge forward. Where? In Beirut?
No, in South Africa.

Moslems are rising in their thousands in the Western Cape to take up their
role--not behind the Black people, but side by side with the rest of the op-
pressed. The current uprising of our people has a number of new dimensions:
its intensity (in terms both of the rapidity with which events follow each
other and of the extent of damage done to the system), the unity of the masses
with the student community, the unqualified commitment to the liberation strug-
gle by the Coloured community and the unity between Moslems and Christians in
action.

The commitment in street battles, community organising and protest marches
that the Moslems are exhibiting and the willingness of Christians to follow,
and even be inspired by, the militancy of 'jihad' has broken down centuries
of mistrust. Yes, they didn't only try to divide us on the basis of colour,
but also on the basis of religion. And, like all their schemes, this has
also come to nought.

Much of the defiance and militancy in the Western Cape can be traded to the
Moslems, but more important is the fact that this is the synthesis of revolu-
tionary Islam and the national democratic movement in South Africa. The lead-
ers of the Moslem community, such as Imam Hassan Solomon, Rassool and Moulana
Farid Esack, were senior activists in the UDF long before they launched the
most popular and progressive Moslem movement in South Africa~-the Call of Islam.
They make no bones about their commitment to the UDF and the Freedom Charter.
The fact that the Moslem masses have so completely identified with the Call of
Islam is testimony to the brilliant manner in which the UDF has always been
able to interpret history correctly and to ‘seize the moment.'

Islam in South Africa today means a commitment to make apartheid ungovernable,

and we are going to do this side by side with our non-Moslem comrades. This,
together with a commitment to the national democratic struggle, ensures that

87



still numerous obstacles found at different depths in the lagoon, including
submerged trees and other detritus. The maximum depth is 157 meters and the
average is 50. :

Trawling nets cannot be used for fishing in the lagoon’ waters until a
hydrographic survey has been made and the necessary markers ‘Have been put in
place to delimit the areas where this technique can be used. “fhe lagoon still
has no markers, either for fishing or for navigation. _

The fact that this technique is not yet being used does not prevent the
fishermen from achieving satisfactory results. It will suffice to note the
gradual increase in production to illustrate the results. of the steps the
Chicoa combine has already taken in only 2 years of productive activity. In
the course of 1984, the combine produced about 250 tons of ‘fish, and in the
following year it produced the encouraging total of 270 tons."

The production goal for this year calls for 400 tons of fish. Between January
and March the Chicoa fisherman produced 80 tons. :

Considering the type of vessels used and the difficulties encountered in
obtaining certain materials, it is no exaggeration to say that fishing
activities are developing satisfactorily in Chicoa. .

In the initial stages of the combine's activities, the fish was transported by
just one vessel with the capacity of 3 tons. This unit was called the
Schenga, the name of one of the numerous species of fish found in the lagoon.

At the beginning of this year, yet another vessel was added for the transport
of products to the fishermen and the collection of their catch. This vessel,
also motor-powered, came from Beira and was given the name Chungulumo, another
of the fish species found in the lagoon.

The Best Fish

The lagoon is inhabited by 22 species of fish which have been properly
identified to date, including the tasty variety known locally as the pende.
This species has already won a reputation not only in the province of Tete,
but in other regions of the country and even neighboring territories, as well.

Along with the pende, there are other species, notable among which are the
limnotrhissa-miodon, a sardine which is native to Lake Tanganyika, which was
introduced into our lagoon from the neighboring Kariba Dam Reservoir in
Zimbabwe. :

Experiments to establish the extent of the reserves of this species were very
encouraging, our reporter was told by the director of the Chicoa complex.
This variety is caught by fishing with nets at night, a technique which
requires great experience and expertise. With a view to the future commercial
exploitation of this species and others, the complex has a vessel equipped
with apparatus for detecting schools of fish. It was named the Pende, after
the finest species of fish in the lake waters.

41



JPRS.

9 3p S486

¥ logg 074

SOUTH AFRICA

CISKEL'S SEBE ADDRESSES NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 13 May 86 p 3

[Text ]

BISHO — President Len-
nox Sebe told the
National Assembly
yesterday that it had
been his consuming mis-
sion, crusade and life’s
work in leading the Cis-
kel nation to nationhood
to free his people from
oppression and poverty
and to restore to them
once again the full digni-
ty of life.

Delivering his policy
speech, President Sebe
said he had experienced
the grinding poverty, the
misery and hardship of
the underprivileged,
cand the humiliation of
iracial discrimination
and loss of human
dignity.

“I believe we have
made significant prog-
ress in the emancipation
of our people in that we
have greatly improved
our circumstances in
life,” he said.

However, there was
more to be done and the
influence of what they

19274

cso: 3400/1900

had already achieved °
~ had yet to spread beyond

their borders to ensure a
greater stability and
peace for all the peoples
of Southern Africa.

President Sebe said
they could not be con-

tent with their own -

achievements, with their
own lot in life, when they
remained surrounded
and isolated by revolu-
tionary forces which
were at work within the
greater regional whole
of Southern Africa.

Today they were faced
with new challenges,
problems such as
accelerating unemploy-
ment, economic reces-
sion and depression,
escalating financial in-
flation and worst of all,
eivil disorder and un-
rest.

- He said that in their
own local sphere in Cis-
kei they were confronted

_ as ever with austerity in

regard to their own re-
current and capital
financial resources and

were “constrained in

. tackling the many essen-

tial development prog-
tammes, projects and in-
frastructure so essential
to the stimulation of a
balanced economic di
velopment. .

Nevertheless, because
of the many innovative
initiatives introduced by
the Presidential Execu-
tive Council, they were
assured of confident
public. opinion in sup-
port of the government's
development philosophy
and programmes.

President Sebe said
they had gone all out to

establish employment ©

schemes, both through-
out the rural districts, as
well as in their urban
centres to alleviate the
hardships of the econo-
mic recession.

Through the Ciskei.
Employment. Assistance
Programme (Ceap),
financially sponsored by
the ‘Republic of South
Africa, thousands of Cis-
keians had been pro-

82

vided with ‘work oppor- ;
tunities and much valu-
cable development had
been achieved.

The adverse effects of
the economic recession
and the slow down in
industrial expansion ,
had largely been coun-
tered and held at bay b:
Ciskei’s tax reforms an
other economic conces-
sions relating to dereg-
ulation, privatisation
and the promotion of a
free enterprise phi-
losophy. .

In this regard Ciskei
had gained an enviable
reputation abroad.

President Sebe paid
tribute to the Ciskei Peo-
ple’s Development Bank
for its big role in indust-
rial development.

In the last 10 months of
1985, the capital invest-
ment in Ciskei increased
by more than 70 per cent
with investments of no

less than R109 million in

factories, plants and
equipment in the
country.


JPRS«SSA~86~071
9 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

CORRESPONDENT REPORTS ON CONTINUING STRIFE IN KWANDEBELE
Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 23-29 May 86 p 5
[Article by Phillip van Kiekerk]

{Text ] . The home of KwaNdebele's royal family, the Mahlangus, was heavily
surrounded by armed guards this week as the government of Chief Minister Simon
Skhosana acted to salvage its position in the wake of a popular revolt.

At a meeting on Monday the government secured the loyalty of the tribal chiefs
and headmen, thus isolating the royal family, which has been accused of attempt-
ing a coup d'etat in the homeland.

A low-level civil war raged as members of the Imbokhoto vigilante group clashed
with youthful "comrades" opposed to "independence" for the tiny bantustan in
December.

There were reports of brutality and killings from both sides, though on Wed-
nesday afternoon more than 3,000 "comrades" peacefully attended the funeral
of 22-year-old Johannes Matshiloane, an alleged victim of the Imbokhoto.

Prince James Mahlangu, the chairman of the Ndzundza tribal authority and son
of Chief Mapochs, the main chief in the homeland, told the Weekly Mail he was
living in fear of his life because "the Imbokhoto use dirty tactics."

Prince James said the Mahlangus would continue their opposition to "“indepen- ‘
dence." If the government did not heed the will of the people, they were con-
sidering challenging independence in the Supreme Court.

Chief Mapochs--who is also known as King DH Mabhoko--did not send a delega-
tion to Monday's meeting where Skhosana and his cabinet received assurances
of loyalty from the village headmen.

The 73-year-old chief has apparently been ill ever since the meeting on Wednes-
day last week. when he was severely teargassed in his hause as police dispersed
a meeting of some 30,000 people.

KwaNdebeie's strongman, the Mindster of Interior, Piet Ntuli, told the Weekly
’ Mail that "no-one can stop independence now."

59



‘EXPLOLTATION' OF CLSKEI WORKERS UNDER FIRE

East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 22 May 86 p 3

[Text]

19274
cso:

BISHO — Employers

who exploited their Cis-

.. kei employees came’
under fire in the-Nation- *

al Assembly here yester-
day during the discus-
sion of the policy speech
of the Department of
Manpower. °° i" -
The Minister of Rural
Development, Mr W. M.
Boawana, said Ciskei
would not allow Cis-
keian employees to be

paid subsistence wages. -

Costs were the same
for all categories of em-
ployees and the wages
workers earned should
be sufficient to provide
for the needs of their
households. _

He said employers and
employees alike paid
the same amounts for
the education of their
children and the same
prices for motor vehi-
eles. The demand for
fair wages should not
only be directed at fac-
tories in Ciskei but to
every employer.

3400/1978

* This

“Government e
ployees, when given a,
rise, should also’ in-
crease the ‘salaries of
their employees. Charity
began at home, he said.

The Deputy Whip,’
Chief A. M. Maalo, said °
he understood that em-
ployers were given a
concession iof R110 to
pay the wages of each
employee when ‘they
established factories in:
Ciskei. x 1

He therefore exhorted
employers to reassess,
the wages of their work-
ers before tough mea-
sures were taken by the.
government. . .

The Chief Whip, Chief- _
tainess: I, Burns-.
Neamashe, commended
the Department of Man- .
power for its efforts in
investigating terms of
employment. |” .

The role played by Cis- :

keian migrant workers - tl

in industrial strikes in
the Republic of South
Africa was regrettable.
was a self-

83

“destructive practice

which discredited
chiefs, community lead-
érs and Ciskei, she said.
She was supported by
Chief Maalo.in con-
demning Ciskeian in-
volvement: in. strikes.
Chief. Mqaio reminded
Ciskeians that when they
left Ciskei to: work in
South Africa: ‘they left
behind hungry families.
In ‘joining ‘strikes they
cast a bad reflection on
the good -work done by
the department. +
‘The Minister of Social
Welfare and Pensions,
Mr A. M. Tapa, said man-
ower hai ecome a
urning issue in South-
ern Africa. The Ciskei
Minister of Manpower
had acted admirably in
achieving a lot for Cis-
keians, he said. ~
“Politically, industrial
action by trade unions is
increasingly becoming
he most menacing out-
let for. agitation, Cis-
keians in other coun-
tries must act as ambas-
sadors.”

JPRS«SSA*86°071
9 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



with conditions favorable to the activities of agriculture and livestock
raising, administrator Alberto Ngovene noted that there are currently 30

of the communal villages in the district, housing: a‘total of nearly 40,000
inhabitants. Seven of these rural communities were created during the period
preceding the drought and the armed bandits' activity.. He stressed the fact
that, although they had been attacked and destroyed several times by the armed
bandits, the population did not abandon them.

The administrator of Mabote cited the lack of water as.one of the leading
problems affecting most of the villages. He said that, in some instances,
the population is forced to travel long distances in search of that precious —

liquid. : . “

Alberto Ngovene emphasized: "We have mobilized the population in the areas
in which the water tables are not very deep, so as to dig.open wells aimed
at overcoming the water shortage. This has had, a positive effect."

He also mentioned the persistence that the population of Mabote has shown in.
fulfilling the instructions from the party.and state. In fact, ’the adminis- .
trator of that district remarked that,:in view of the lack of transportation
for removing the cashew nuts marketed primarily in Maculuve and Mechico, the
transportation of this product is carried out by the population. on foot.
Moreover, he added that the population has participated in.opening up new
trails to allow for a connection between the district headquarters and all
the localities. Alberto Ngovene'also commented: "The people's endeavor for
opening up new access routes, using axes and machetes, is well known." 3

In the area of combating the armed bandits, he stressed that, in Maboté, those
evildoers find not shelter, and the military situation is considered’ to be
under the control of the Armed Forces of Mozambique, Administrator Alberto
Ngovene claimed that the population has provided considerable backing to the
defense and security forces, when it detects any enemy movement anywhere in
the district. To illustrate his claim, Alberto Ngovene said that, when there
is enemy movement, this information is circulated: from one’ village to the
next, until it reaches the defense and security forces, which take the
necessary precautions.

2909
CSO: | 3442/235

28



JPRS-SSA~86 40
“07
9 July 1986

CHAD

MINISTER DISCUSSES CURRENT SITUATION DURING BAGHDAD VISIT
London AL-DUSTUR in Arabic 26 May 86 pp 30-31

[Interview with Minister of Information Muhammad Isma'il; Baghdad, date not
specified] .

[Text] The National Front ‘in Chad has become a reality. It was born after

10 agreements between the government and the opposition, and three agreements
were signed with the opposition outside of Chad. We are eager to organize all
the opposition groups within the National Front. However, even if Goukouni
Queddei remains the only opponent, the National Front is eager for him to come
to N'jamena as a Chadian to share in leading the Front and to thwart al-Qadhd-
hafi's ambitions for the good of Chad. With these words the Chadian minister
of information began his exclusive interview with AL-DUSTUR during his recent
visit to Baghdad where he came as an envoy of his government and met with
Iraqi President Saddam Husayn to discuss African concerns.

Muhammad Isma'il, Chadian minister of information, member of the political
bureau of the National Union for Independence and Revolution, and a graduate
of the College of Law and Political Science in France, talked with AL-DUSTUR
about the current situation in Chad in light of the struggles now going on in
the country. Here is the text of the interview.

[Question] How do you assess the situation in Chad in the light of present
circumstances?

[Answer] To begin with, Chad is an African country that gained its independ-
ence from France in 1960 and was immediately confronted with internal problems,
In 1965 the Chadians rebelled against the racist government of Francois
Tombalbaye.

The Chadian Muslims who constitute 75 percent of the population and the
Christians, 25 percent, sought social justice. The Muslims and Christians
agreed to change the status quo, but the popular revolution ‘abandoned its
planned goals when Mu'ammar al-Qadhdhafi intervened in 1973. Perhaps the sec~
ret of the struggle for the country is the existence of uranium as well as
tungsten, oil, and gold. z :

Al-Qadhdhafi got involved in the struggle for material reasons. His aim was
to achieve regional ambitions by offering assistance. He tried to embrace the



If this experiment proves successful, this technique may be used together with
drying, since smoking is regarded as economically costly, and thus has had
limited positive results.

The smoking system offers the advantage of speed, and it does not depend on
weather conditions. It takes only 48 hours for the fish to be properly
processed and ready for marketing.

Be that as it may, and also despite some obvious difficulties the young
fishing complex is still facing, one thing is certain. The project is
proceeding steadily, and the Chicoa Basin will certainly continue with every
passing day to become a beacon whose light will gain in intensity,' shining
radiantly over this region, and farther still.

5157
CS0:3442/224

43



JPRS«SSA+86~071
9 July 1986

BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

SWEDISH FOREIGN MINISTER VISIT--Foreign Minister Sten Andersson will make an:
official visit to Botswana on 25-28 August, at the invitation of Botswana
Foreign Minister Gaositwe Chiepe. From there Andersson will continue to the
Zimbabwe capital, Harare, in order to participate in the opening of the
summit meeting of the nonaligned countries on 1-2 September. [Text]
[Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 13 Jun 86 p 9] /9365

cso: 3400/1976



The experimental hybridization station, located approximatély 16 kilometers
from the capital of Zambezia, now ‘constitutes a guarantee of the Madal enter-
prise's agricultural development.

At the aforementioned station, which has an area of 9 hectares (hybridization
zone), a difficult job is being performed to crossbreed the.Mozambican and
Malaysian palm trees. To accomplish this crossbreeding, the Mozambican palms
which fertilize those from Malaysia, through pollinization, thereby producing.
the hybrids, are located in staggered fashion in the hybridization zone.

Paulo Montéiro added: "To perform the final work for this crossbreeding, we
castrate the male gametes on the Malaysian palms. For the present, we do not
fear any disease that could upset the development of the palms."

2909 | a
CSO: ° 3442/235 .

37



have invested much if terms of ~

agriculture in Central Mozam-
bique due to favourable climate,
although now even in this

‘favoured’ region, agriculture is. —

also on the decline.
The central and north-western
parts of the country, on the other
and, proved so productive that
the colonial rulers could not seri-
ously consider the drought prone

‘south.

__But there was more than that.
Most of the people in southern
provinces had becn lured to go
and work in South African gold
mines rather than tending their
own shambas. Others sought
employment in towns apd thus.

depriving the rural areas of their -

labour force.

Moamba and_netghbourin
Magude Districts, which woul
also benefit from the dam wat-

ers, border the Transvaal Pro- *

vince of South Africa — the hub _

of mining industry.

Migration of labour to South
Africa, deliberate neglect by the
colonial rulers and the recent
climatic disasters have combined
to hamper development prog-
rammes in the area.

“At least every family has one
of its members working in South:
African mines, so most of the
people here are women and chil-!
dren”, said Bila, the District
Administrator. .

The completion of the dam
would thus not only raise agricul-
‘tural production in the area but
could also attract people away
from going to work in the mines
across the border.

That may be a difficult task
and will certainly depend on the
successful take-off of the new
agricultural scheme which is

geared to boost food and cash »

19274

cso: 3400/1984

crop production, .

Cropsto beintroduced woul
mainly be those whose produc-
tion had slumped over the years.”
They include tobacco, cotton,
maize and- other cereals,
potatoes and vegetables for con-
sumption by the peasants and for
sale in Maputo and other towns.
According to the ° District

"Administrator, the peasants had

|. earmarked for irrigation fields.

in southern Mozambique just’ +

; neigh!

‘drought which prevailed from

already been briefed on the ‘big

u project in the pipeline and some ,.
i at

been moved out of the areas »:

Corumana Dam would also
control floods which had devas-
tated crops and killed livestock “1
like drought. In Moamba and
neighbouring. districts, _ for
instance, « the devastating -;,
1970 to 1983 were followed b:
two successive seasons of floods
(1984 and 1985).

Mozambican government offi-
cials are otimistic that the giant «!
Project would take off success-
fully although it needed serious

4
“oo

_commitment on the part of offi-

cials and peasants to make it pay
the projected dividends.
ere are several reasons why
South Africa — which is ten.
kilometres away from the dam.
site — would not be happy about
the multi-million dollar project.
In the first place it would make‘
the Reople of Moamba and
ouring districts produce
their own supply ‘of food and

: reduce. dependency’ .on South

Africa, Secondly, money to be’
accrued from cash crops may dis-,
courage some of them to go in

.» search of work in South Africa. {

The dam borders the Kruger
National Park in. South Africa, ,
and there are already fears that

: animals in the park would mig-:

16

raté to the other side of the bor-
der in search of drinking water
and pastures. .

An almost similar dam project
in progress is at Pequenos
Libombos, some 40 kilometres
west of Maputo. The 80 million
dollar Project co-financed by the
Italian. Government and_ the:
African ‘Development Bank
(ADB), is geared to raise
Maputo City water supply from
the present 70,000 cubic metres
of water a day to 130,000.

Libombo dam, whose filling
capacity is 500,000 cubic metres,

, is built across Umbuluzi river:
originating from neighbouring
1 Swaziland. "
, Mozambican National Direc-
'> tor of Water Affairs, Lopez Per-
’ yeira, said water from the dam to
be completed by the end of this’
,. year, would be used to irrigate
; farms and generate hydro-elec-
tric power. The dam would also
-. control floods which occasion-
. ally sweeP the area.
e two projects were among
those visited by President Ali
vas Hassan Mwinyi, during _ his
‘* recent state visit to Mozambique
‘Cearly'this month.
"Bor the Moamba and Mgude-
Districts and the entire Maputo
_ Province the two projects will
.. lessen their dependency on the

erratic weather and therefore

- raise their farm productivity

s' which had-drasticaly gone down

due to droughts.and floods and
lack of certain facilities.

For Mozambique, the success-
ful take off and implementation
of the dam and irrigation pro-.
jects will go a long way to lessen
the country’s dependency on her

. powerful’ neighbour,~ South:
Africa, which had all along:
strived to strangle Mozambique
both economially and politically.



JPRS*SSA~86-071
9 July 1986

DJIBOUTI

BRIEFS

CHINESE AID--Moumin Bahdon Farah, Djibouti's minister for foreign affairs,
returned satisfied from his tour of Asia, China rescheduled Djibouti's
debts due for repayment in 1986, as it has also just done for Somalia,
and accorded it a new loan of 15 million dollars to build a 10,000-seat
stadium. The Chinese also expressed interest in Djibouti's "free port.”
[Excerpt] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 19 Apr 86 p 8]

19274
cso: 3400/1970

11



/7310

Briefs

More Moves To Phase Out Rent Control Foreséen
- .» (Barry ‘Streek; BUSINESS DAY, 22 May 86) ...eeeeeeceeceeoee

Local Firms Merge To Encourage Expansion .
(Bob Kernohan; WEEKEND POST, 24 May 86) .sescesccseseeevee

Economist Urges Competition To Stimulate Economy
(BUSINESS -DAY, °22 May 86) .scccceccesceceeeceesesceveceens

Utah To Sell RSA, Namibia Interests

Bid To Find Use for Unsaleable Coal .
Ethanol To Create Jobs ee
Coal Industry Figures . .
Development Boost for Edendale

King William's Town First CBD

98

99

101

102
102
102
103
103
103



often share the same structures. Often a
UDF town structure will consist of

the same organisations as the Parents'
Crisis Committee.

In bigger towns the number of schools
is dramatically greater. In Soweto, for
example, there are more than 60 high and
higher primary schools, and PTSAs have
to be organised in each one. In Port
Elizabeth there are 22 higher primary
and 11 high schools, where SRCs have to
be organised. But it is easier to
organise in bigger towns, although there
is harassment, and students are
generally more politicised, and tend to
emulate adult organisational structures,
meetings and procedures.

Another problem is school buildings.
In Port Elizabeth four schools have been
totally destroyed, and 40% of the rest
affected by burnings. So there is
massive overcrowding. In Port Elizabeth
30% of schools have morning and
afternoon teaching shifts, with
overloaded teacher-pupil ratios, often
with between 60 to 130 pupils per
teacher. And where two different groups
of pupils are taught in shifts, both
groups' school day is shortened from
seven to four hours.

This will inevitably lead to a massive
failure rate, which forms part of state
strategy. The DET in Port Elizabeth
refused to budge an inch with regard to
fixing existing and constructing new
buildings although we made many
representations to them about it. In
Duncan Village they did do:something,
but involved the community council, so
the community rejected the project. The
community councils are in fact
inoperative, while the CEC is regarded
as the only legitimate committee by the
community. The DET recognised this and
now faces a dilemma: whether or not to
involve the CEC in rebuilding schools.

The Port Elizabeth CEC made it clear
that unless DET moves, it will build
schools itself - people's schools
totally outside the jurisdiction of the
DET.

19274

csO: 3400/1961

Is it really a dilemma, or is the
state planning a mass failure? It is
in an economic bind; it cannot create
jobs and cannot afford to have masses of
African matriculants demanding them, The
state also has no clear idea of where
Bantu Education is going and what to do
about it. It argues that activists take
advantage of the situation to ‘foment
unrest'; it. cannot be. seen to be weak
and give in to democratic demands.

There have been occasional reports of an
ongoing Education Charter campaign, and
also a Transvaal Student Congress
million signature campaign to unban
COSAS. What has happened to these

campaigns? :

The Education Charter campaign is
continuing, and will combine with
our People's Education Secretariat. The
activists running the Charter campaign
have skills crucial to our education
campaign, and would be useful in running
the secretariat regional offices. .
The March conference decided not to go
for the million signature campaign. We
did however decide to 'unban' COSAS
ourselves. On 16 June we will go on a
massive campaign. Students: countrywide
will wear their COSAS T-shirts in open
defiance of the state. So students will
re-appropriate COSAS for themselves.

What developments do you anticipate
in the education crisis this year?

The NECC is committed to ‘the policy
that this is a school year ~- pupils 'must
go to school. Black schooling is ina

deep crisis. Teachera indicated to us
that if students did not have setbooks
by the end of March they would be unable
to complete syllabi in time for dxams,
But we will still push for a school
year, 16-18 June will of course be
critical, and we cannot predict the
state's response to activities then.
State response may also be a deciding
factor as to whether students will
insist on continued boycott.

66



In June, we are going to begin parceling out [seed], after we have educated the
people about the difference between cotton growing in our country today and
cotton growing yesterday, in the colonial era. Cotton wap certainly considered
one of the crops that symbolized the exploitation and oppression of our people;
for this reason, it is important to [explain the difference] before we begin
the work of mobilization, and this is what we are doing. At this time, along
with the mobilization, we are taking action to increase the amount of seed
available to us, to insure the timely distribution of seed to the people.

Thanks to International Community

Question: Governor, the international support for various of the country's
economic development projects is very well known. Inhambane Province is no
exception. Your Excellency, would you like to comment on the support from
international agencies to regional development projects in the province?

Answer: Within the scope of the small projects, we have planned for a few
more than 50 principal objectives; these objectives were approved by the Pro-
vincial Assembly in its next to last session and they include the consolidation
of some projects initiated in prior years, as well as the initiation of other
projects in various areas for the economic and social recovery of the province.
Most of these objectives pertain to agriculture, livestock farming, drinking
water, fishing and improved housing. We must emphasize the support of various
international agencies. In fact, we should take this opportunity to express
our thanks, for instance, to the EEC, which has even agreed to undertake an
integrated development project in several zones of the province and is currently
engaged in various activities from Vilanculo to the north. We are going to
Sign agreements very soon with UNICEF, also for regional rehabilitation in

the center of the province.. Cuso-Suco, of Canada, headquartered in the city
of Maxixe, is in the water resources area and is developing very important
actions for the rehabilitation of the zones affected by the drought, in the
center and south of the province. The Christian Council of Mozambique is
doing very important work, particularly in Homoine and Panda districts. ‘The
World Union of Lutheran Churches algo has a very important program of support
to the family and cooperative sectors in some of our districts, such as Homoine
and Morrumbene. The ADB has also lent its support to the state, cooperative
and family sectors. [We mention the] UNDP and WFP, as well as an Australian
nongovernmental organization known as AID ABROAD, which is working in four
areas: agriculture, health, fishing and water.

Other organizations and countries have manifested their interest, offering
their ideas, as in Japan's case. Others have lent support to the efforts of
the province to carry forward the small projects, basically aldng the major
lines that we have defined as basic objectives for a determined period.

Health and Education

Question: Now that we have discussed the economic area, would you please
tell us about the social area: education and health--and we might include
transportation and communications, which play a major role, both economically
and socially.

21



proxy that we can't do. He has done what the Israelis have been unable to.do
in the Arab and African area. He said: "Al-Qadhdhafi enabled us to gain
time so that we could supply the formative elements of the state of Israel
without cost."

The Chadian minister of information then went on to say: "Al-Qadhdhafi has
attracted mercenaries to fight with Tehran against Traq-a and he tried to re-
eruit Chadians for this purpose!" :

[Question] What is your view of the current situation in Chad?

[Answer] When Comrade Hissein Habre was asked his opinion of Colonel al-.
Qadhdhafi he said: "We will try to resist him at all costs. We will create
for him a problem that he will have to deal with in Libya, and.we will fight
his occupation troops now in Chad, We don't want to get ahead of events.

[Question] What was the purpose of your visit to Iraq?

[Answer] I came to Iraq to strengthen relations between Iraq and Chad. There
will be an exchange of ambassadors again following the closing of the embas-~
sies because of the war. I met with President Saddam Husayn and found him ‘to
be a calm, intelligent person who quickly grasped what I told him about our
Chadian concerns. I am hopeful that the relations between our two countries
will become stronger. .

5214/12859
cso: 3404/6



The achievement of any of these goals, one of which~-the utilization of the
useful impurities--does not seem to require any major investment, depends
essentially on increasing grain production in the Conhane region and throughout
Chokwe District.

Admitting that all the agricultural units must make a greater effort from
now on, Joao Mosca feels that the full use of the silos' capacity to extract
greater quantities of useful impurities can only come about “when there is
more rice and corn. Then we can think about providing more livestock feed
for the entire area surrounding Conhane," he noted,

Until this comes about, the useful impurities will not be available in large
enough quantities to meet the needs of other livestock producers outside the
Conhane agricultural unit itself.

In Gaza, Verb Is ‘To Do’

Speaking during the luncheon, Francisco Pateguana, governor of Gaza Province,
declared that the people throughout the province must begin to conjugate the
verb "to do." "Now we must begin to say: ‘I did, I am doing, I will do’ and
forget about the verb ‘to talk' from now on." Pateguana declared this as

he announced that the agricultural and grain production programs will have
priority and that the development effort from now on will be to keep the silos
in continuous operation, and this means more grain must be produced to be
stored.

Francisco Pateguana said that Conhane must continue to be the model for grain
production and promised that the government will lend all the support possible
and necessary to enable the zone to produce an abundance of food and to make
Chokwe the "Granary of the Country."

Up to now, the growez consider the Conhane region as the largest rice producer
in the entire group of farm enterprises in Chokwe District; in the future,
efforts will be concentrated on making the zone produce the best quality of
the grain.

A characteristic of the silos installed in Chokwe is that that they can store
any type of grain under the best conditions of humidity. They can also hold
various type of grains at the same time; that is, each silo or group of silos
can be used to store rice, corn or other products.

In times of abundance, the silos have a capacity to dry 30 tons per hour,
which means that if the rice processing plant operates at the same capacity,
by the end of a work day, 240 tons of rice will be available for consumption.

6362
CSO: 3442/237

26



: yprs-SsAr80707}
9 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

WYEBANK INDIANS NEED LAND--House of Delegates MP, Mr Manilal Naranjee, is
confident that three large Indian-owned properties which have been zoned for
whites in Wyebank will be re-zoned after a Group Areas Board hearing last
week. Mr Naranjee told the hearing the three plots which would be enough for
64 houses was urgently needed by the local Indian community which was suffer-
ing from'an acute shortage of land. "We have worked hard for the land. It
took a 19-year battle for the authorities to eventually agree to give the
Indian community land in Wyebank and we are confident that we will get these
three plots," said Mr Naranjee. But the Kloof Town Board is opposing the move
to have the three plots re-zoned for Indians. The board's representative,

Mr A. H. Hattingh, said the land would remain white and that it would be used
for low density housing. "We are not opposing the re-zoning of the piots on
racial grounds. No matter who gets it, it will have to be for low density
housing," said Mr Hattingh. Another objection came from a property development
company which siad that it had concluded an agreement to buy two of the plots.
A third objection came from a road construction company whose representative
said that this company had bought a payloader for R70,000 and it was standing
idle. ‘[Text] [Durban POST NATAL in English 28-31 May 86 p 3] /9274

'ANTICRIME' GROUP FORMED--East ‘London--An organisation aiming to protect East
Londoners against "criminals and intimidators" has been formed in the city.
The organisation calls itself the "White Anti-Intimidation Group." The
group's chairman, Mr Cobus van Loggerenberg, said the group planned to make
the city's streets and shopping centres safe. "We decided to form the group
after white shoppers were intimidated during the Pick 'n Pay strike," he said.
Mr Van Loggerenberg said the organisation also wanted to protect shoppers
against muggers. "We would like to have groups of two or three patrolling
Oxford Street on a Saturday morning," he said. "We also want volunteers to
watch suburban shopping centres at night." Mr Van Loggerenberg said he had
approached the police and was hoping for a meeting to discuss the legal rights
of his group. "We are not vigilantes," he said. "We want to operate openly
and within the law." "At the moment anybody who goes to help somebody being
mugged will be beaten off by a bunch of hooligans. [Text] [Port Elizabeth
WEEKEND POST in English 24 May 86 p 3] /9274

STUDENTS' SADF RESOLUTION--About 400 University of Cape Town students have
unanimously passed a resolution demanding the right to choose whether to serve

95



the Mosiéms does not degenerate into a narrow and religiously arrogant
one.

Indeed, it is only within the house of national democracy that there is room
for the family of Islam. The Freedom Charter's recognition of different
cultural groups and the call of the UDF to people of different religious
traditions to use these traditions for the destruction of racism and capitalism
appeals to Moslems like nothing else in our history. It is, therefore, no
small wonder that the most powerful body of the Moslems (even the government

is forced to recognise it), the Moslem Judicial Council, has so completely
identified with the UDF. Its chairperson, Sheikh A. G. Gabier, is at present
being sought by the South African Gestapo and is a prominent figure at UDF
rallies.

Is all this a flash in the pan? The prolonged absence of Imam Hassan and
Moulana Farid from South Aqrica, the detention of Ibrahim Rasool (also a

UDF executive member) and the submerging of Sheikh Gabier have not led to any
slackening of activity. The Call of Islam newsletter comes our regularly, and
the Call of Islam is as active as ever. The revolutionary fervour of the voslems
is not a phenomenon that fell from the sky and reached us via Iran. It is the
result of two years of skilled work, which the Call of Islam learned from its
sister organisations in the UDF, the setting up of community-based infra-
structures, a newsletter with a monthly circulation fof 30,000. Let the
Western press talk about Cape Town resembling Beirut or Teheran (thereby also
hoping to send fear down the spines of potential sympathisers) but the strug-
gling masses of South Africa know that another nail has been driven into the
coffin of racism and capitalism.

"We have arrived," says Moulana Fatid, the national co-ordinator of the Call of
Islam.

We have received two clear messages from two opposite quarters, which indicate
just that. .

A police major screamed at me when I defied his order to leave, "You Moslems
are giving us a lot of trouble. We've had enough of you!" When I told this
story to my congregation, someone shouted, "Tell them we're only starting!"

The second message was from the leader of the nation, Nelson Mandela. In a
letter to Sheikh Gabier, he says, "Tell the Moslems that I'm proud of them.".

We have arrived!

19274
csO: 3400/1983

88



JpRS+SSA+86*071
9 July 1986

DJIBOUTI

RENEGOTIATION OF AIRLINE AGREEMENT WITH FRANCE DESIRED
Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 10 May 86 p 6

[Text] Air France has yet to be informed of a decision taken last week by
Air Djibouti to renegotiate the commercial agreement which has linked the
two airlines since September 1984. According to our information, this ~
agreement is still being applied. a

The Air Djibouti decision was made under a recovery plan for the company
aimed at preventing it from a final crash-landing. The plan was drawn up

by the minister for transport, Moussa Bouraleh Robleh, and includes among
other measures the dismissal of the airline's general manager, «Suleiman

Elabe (brother of the minister for education, Mohamed Djama Elabe). Accord-
ing to a transport ministry official quoted by the Djiboutian weekly news~
paper La Nation, the measure is justified by the fact that Mr Elabe had not
carried out orders for certain staff dismissals by the April 15 deadline.

He is also accused of bad management. Mr Elabe's predecessor, Daher Issa, was
also sacked for incompetence shortly after the departure of the‘then transport
minister, Aden Robleh Awaleh, for "health reasons." Be oe

Generally speaking La Nation speaks of the same errors of management as those
set out in the report prepared by the Air Djibouti monitoring committee which
was set up in January 1983 after a two billion Djibouti franc discrepancy
was found in the accounts. There is one difference, however: the author-
ities are pinning the entire blame on Mr Elabe for the "unfavourable terms"
for Djibouti in the agreement with Air France, whereby Air Djibouti renounced
its rights to operate the Djibouti-Paris service in favour ‘of the French car-
rier. According to our information, however, it seems that the acting trans-
port minister at the time, Youssouf Ali Chirdon, accepted his share of the
responsibility in signing the agreement. £ .

19274
cso0: 3400/1970



SOME CITY COUNCILS CALL’ FOR OPEN AREAS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 28 May 86 p 7

[Article by Dianna Games]

[Text ]

MOMENTUM is gathering in Parlia-
mentary circles and in some SA cities
for the dropping of the Group Areas

Act, with many city councils taking

the lead in calling for its abolition. “

The Johannes-
burg City Council,
however, appears
to have been drag-

ing its heels on

e issue, despite
the fact that the
city was a forerun-
ner in the openin;
of its Central Busi-

ness District and has its fair share of :

unofficial “grey areas”, * DOR
Johannesburg Management Com-
mittee chairman Francois Ober;

*;out and council plannin,

, ‘President's Counc

the law of the land and we will ad-

dress: that. question once it comes.
Within our jurisdiction,” he said.‘ ’*

But opposition leader in the council .»;
Sam Moss said the Act was on its way
in future
rms of its

The Act is being examined by the
and their findings .
are likely to be‘made known around
August, during the second session of

would have to be made in

- being invalid. . .

_ Parliament. :

Meanwhile, a “local option” — to
Scrap apartheid legislation at central
jovernment level and allow local au-
thorities to retain segregation if they

holzer said the councjl was keeping a. . Wish — has been proposed.
bideby "

Jow profile on the issue.“We a

19274

cso: 3400/1901

94

JPRS“SSA*86*071

9 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

Moves by city councils include: i”
OThe East London City Council's
recent vote to open its residential
areas ‘to all races; «~~ '
O The Durban City Council’s request
to overnment that the Group Areas

be Scrapped in Durban; ‘
O The Maritzburg City Council's vote
last month in favour of investigati
the feasibility of creating a new mu]-
tiracial residential suburb. '
In Johannesburg, the number of
blacks (including Indians and
coloureds) living in Hillbrow and
Berea is about 40% of the total popy-!

lation, or about 20000 people... |

There have been that an
increasing number of Indians ate

buying houses in the more: affluert,
suburbs. at



LOCAL FIRMS MERGE TO ENCOURAGE EXPANSION

JPRS«SSA-86 07
“O71
9 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST (Business) in English 24 May 86 p 1

(Article by Bob Kernohan]

{Text ]

TWO important consolida- }
tion and development plans
involving Port Elizabeth in- {
dustries were ainnounced /
y- I

One is that two well- :
known family. names in ’
business in the city have
joined forces to create a.
new and stronger operation. *
This is Macdonald Tub 'n
Tile, which sees young busi-
nessmen Stuart Macdonald
and Robin Douglas-Jon
join forces, and already pu!
suing aggressive expansion
plans.

The second is that Potlec
Industries has merged with
Continental Engineering
and is to expand its already

diversified ‘ations still ©

further and has major ex-
port projects in the pipeline.

Tub 'n Tile was founded
five years ago by Mr Robin
Douglas-Jones.

The Macdonald-Douglas-
Jones merger will benefit”.
both Tub ‘n Tile and the
Macdonald group of com- :
-panies, said Mr Macdonald.

He will join the board of
Macdonald Tub ’n Tile. In |
turn, Mr Douglas-Jones will
become a shareholder and
director of Macdonald Safe-
tyGlass,  / : ree

Mr Macdonald !said the
business was allied to his
other interests, including
glass and building.

“Mr Douglas-Jones's vast

“experience in the building,
glass and allied industries ©
Will be of immense benefit ;
. to us,” he said. ;
» Macdonald Tub ’n Tile, +
which already had a branch |
in Plettenberg Bay, would |
~-expand-into the Free State .
shortly along with a branch ;
of Macdonald Safety Glass. |
In addition, the motor di-'
vision of. Macdonald Safety :
Glass would be relocated in =
,the Tub.‘n Tile building in,
‘Grahamstown Road. i
“It will be in the heart of
‘motortown’ and therefore;
more centrally and conve-;
: niently placed to service the
motor industry,” said Mr>
Macdonald. Loud
Potlec’s managing direc-.
:'tor, Mr Siegfried Potocnik, ;
said the merger with the
engineering company would .
‘widen the operating ~ base:
base. of his 20-year-old
organisation. ne
His company’s success is
. Clear indication that,: with ;
* forward thinking and divet-*
sification, small operations
can succeed and expand in
*- today’s difficult economic
* times. ois
A qualified electrical -
engineer, he began in a
small garage undertaking
repair work for the motor

: industry.

As demand for his ser-‘

, Vices increased, the com-

pany moved to larger prem- ©

99

 fses and began manufac-
+. turing automotive wiring

harnesses.
With production increas-
" ing steadily, he moved to
< Deal Party three years ago,
the operation having diver-
sified into producing PVC
_ piping and electronic equip-
ment.

“We are now expanding
into the engineering field,”

» Mr Potocnik said. “Under-
taking this under the cur-
rent economic climate —
where many firms are ei-
ther cutting back or closing
“down — confirms our confi-
dence in ourselves and also”
in Port Elizabeth as an in-
dustrial city.

“A large percentage of
the available labour market
here is motor trade-orient-
ated, so making planning for
our expansion programme
that much easier.

“The company’s expan-
sion over the years has
made us far more diversi-

. fied, so that we can now
offer a wide range of prod-
uct and services from with-
in our group,” he added.

The merger with Conti-
nental Engineering will in-

. volve the company in the.

+ manufacture of roll bars for

* commeriéal vehicles, mak: ,
ing racks; pallets and-bins
for materials handling, and
making security doors and
fences.



alternative programmes, courses and
material to be used in schools. This
content will emerge as interested
organisations and the various crisis
committees look critically at Bantu
Education, considering each subject
taught to identify what should be
scrapped or replaced. History, for
example, will certainly not be an exam
subject next year: we have recommended
to regions that they discuss this. We
will formulate our own history syllabus,
which will include people's perceptions
of what history is, international and
African history.

The secretariat will also consider the
applications of science subjects, and
also look critically at the language
question. For example, it will consider
introducing 'people's set-work books'.
These books, for instance a new poetry
book, will be chosen or compiled by
people involved in implementing people's
education. This process will not be
completed overnight, and it will be
constantly changing and dynamic. The
next two months will give us the embryo,
but real people's education is a process
rather than a rigid written doctrine.

Who are the people who make up the
secretariat? What experience have they
in education or as educationists? Do
they have links to progressive teachers’
organisations?

The secretariat convenor is Zwelakhe
Sisulu, the éditor of New Nation, who
haa been interested and concerned with the
educational struggle. We define an
educationist as a person concerned with
and involved in the issues of the
education struggle, because education is
located within the broader society, not
apart from it. Other members of the
Secretariat are the Rev Stofile, a
theology lecturer from Fort Hare, Pravin
Gordham, who is involved in the Natal
Indian Congress, Fr Albert Nolan and Fr
Smaugaliso Mkhatshwa, general secretary
of the South African Catholic Bishops’
Conference. These convenors will employ
a full-time person to run the regional

62

office, consult with all progressive
teachers' organisations, and gather
information. The employees should be-
activists with experience in the
educational struggle since 1976, in
education qrisis committees, PTSAs or
tudent bodies like COSAS, able to
consult with a wide spectrum of people
and organisations and acceptable to most
groups.

Delegates to the December education
conference at Wits represented 160
organisations of many different kinds.
Delegates to the March NECC conference
were regional representatives

from parent, student and teacher
organisations, Why the change in the
nature of representation, and was it
successful?

We wanted representatives from
organisations specifically engaged in
the education struggle. The NECC is a
specialised educational organisation of
the people, the embryo of a future
education structure in a people's
republic. We envisage similar
specialisation in the civic movement and
in other areas of organisation.

The idea of regional delegations was
to gét as large a spread of
representatives as possible. Delegates
represented crisis committees from the
regions: Western Cape, Southern Cape,
Northern Cape, Eastern Cape, Border,
OFS, Natal, and North, South, Eastern
and Western Transvaal. Crisis committees
are the basic local structure the NECC
is working with at the moment.

In Port Elizabeth, for instance, the
CEC consists of 28 organisations,
including the nine COSATU-affiliated
unions, the local community, women's and
youth organisations, PEBCO, PEWO, PEYCO,
and the Port Elizabeth Student Council
(PESCO). They elected a ‘committee of
ten' which forms the working CEC. The
Eastern Cape region as a whole includes
about 30 towns: 120 representatives from
20 of these towns attended the national
conference. In the Eastern Cape, too, an
ad hoc committee of five represents and‘



ANC MILITANT DISCUSSES UNFOLDING OF PEOPLE'S WAR

Lusaka SECHABA in English May 86 pp 2-10

JPRS“SSA*86«071
9 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

[Interview with Ronnie Kasrils, member of Umkhonto we Sizwe, by SECHABA; date

and place not given]

{Text ]

Ronnie Kasrils, a member of Umkhonto we
Sizwe from its beginnings, spoke to Sechaba
about the development of MK and the unfolding
of the people’s war. .

What can you tell us about the growth of
‘Umkhonto Wwe Sizwe over 25 years, in numerical
strength, arms and training and influence among,
the people of South Africa?

MK has made tremendous strides in admittedly
along period, but a very difficult period of our
history. It has grown out of a few small sabotage
units which were based in the main centres of our
country in 1961. A couple of hundred brave
cadres constituted the vanguard of the people's
army-to-be, and performed heroic deeds. Several
hundred more were recruited imthat period for
training abroad, and left the country. .

We were based inside our country, rooted
among our people. We had the political base of
the ANC and the SACP to rely on. We were link-
ed to the people and to the political organisations
and the leadership. This was a, great advantage
of that time.

‘Those first units received rudimentary train
ing inside South Africa. We made our own ex-
plosives from chemical powders; dynamite sticks
were smuggled out of the mines, or we stole ex-
plosives in raids on quarries. We embarked with
high hopes on the first phase of our armed strug-
gle, and that was sabotage action. .

Our leadership had decided to embark on the
mode of armed struggle because all forms of
peaceful struggle had been exhausted, and it was
necessary to demonstrate that we were emtbark-
ing ona new form of struggle. The sabotage cam-
paign was intended to give us experience in this

68

new form of struggle, and to enable us to strike
blows at the regime and its economy (which is
vulnerable to such actions); it was meant to in-
spire our people, and build our forces, the
nucleus of a people’s army to be. This was a
period of armed propaganda, propaganda by
force.

‘We waited expectantly for the return of those
who had gone abroad to acquire the advanced
skills of warfare. On their return, it would be time
for the launching of the armed struggle proper.

There were actions against the lines of com-
munication in the country — the railways, elec-
trical installations — pylons were a key target
~~ and on occasions cities were plunged into
darkness. There were audacious blows against
government buildings, like pass offices, and in
1962 the office of the Minister of Agriculture in
Pretoria, the heart of the government centre, was
blown up and demolished.

We shall never forget some’of those early
leaders of MK, such as the great Vuyisile Minti,
Zinakile Mkaba and Wilson Khayingo, who were
executed for their activities, Looksmart Solwan-
dle Ngudle, who died in detention, comrades like
Jack Hodgson, who taught us the skills he had
learned during the war, and the redoubtable Joe
Ggabi.

Of course our early hopes and expectations
were dashed by the ferocity of the enemy's
counter-attack, We had to learn the hard way
about mastering clandestine methods. It is history
that with the Rivonia arrests in 1963 our leader-
ship was imprisoned or forced into exile, and our
movement at home crippled. To a certain extent,
the people were demoralised as a result, and in
those ensuing years, the mass struggle was cet-



Private grain trading is prohibited in Ethiopia. Previously it was difficult
to control, but now it is practically impossible. The farmers no longer dare
to produce for private sale, and the result is reduced production in a country
which in 1986 is estimated to require one million tons of grain in food aid.

Reduced Support

SIDA therefore. decided on Friday to cut back support to the agricultural
sector from the present 32 million to 20 million.

“We are critical and this is our way of showing it. At the same time we think
it is better to give this money, which is tied to a number of projects, than
not to give it," said Bo Goransson.

Last year Ethiopia received 250 million kronor of Swedish :aid money. The
fixed country.amount was 115 million, and 135 million was for catastrophe aid
because of the drought and famine, which is estimated to have cost one million
human lives despite a massive international aid effort,

War

The. population of Ethiopia is 42 million, and the land is worn out and eroded
and deforestation has been extensive. Continued drought, erosion, rapid
population growth and civil war in the provinces of Eritrea and Tigrai
confront Ethiopia with continuing difficult problems.

The government refuses to admit that a civil war is going on, and will only
speak about "bandits." Despite heavy pressure from the United States last
year to enter a cease-fire in order to enable distribution of food, the
government ‘refused.

The goal is to set up a communist system with the Soviet Union as the model.
It was planned that the Swedish aid for this year would be increased to 175
million kronor. The decision on the program for movement to the cities caused
the government to cut the amount to 130 million to show its displeasure.

Bo Goransson will not work with agricultural questions, but with forestry
questions--from planting to logging--and with the soil erosion problems in
Wollo Province.

According to Bo Goransson it is not yet clear who will replace him.

9287
CS0:3650/122

13



JPRS*SSA~86«071
9 July 1986

in the South African defence Force or not. Speakers at the lunchtime meeting
organized by the Conscription Action Group (CAG) on Tuesday included Port
Elizabeth Youth Committee president Mr Mkhuseli Jack and a Stellenbosch End
Conscription Campaign member, Mr Jaco Malan. Mr Jack said: "We believe that
the troops in the townships act as the aggressive forceful arm of apartheid,
nationalist-style. [Text] [Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 29 May 86 p 13]
19274

ISCOR ACCUSED OF RACISM--The Metal and Allied Workers' Union (Mawu) has ac-
cused Iscor of racism for refusing it participation in this year's wage talks.
Mawu said Iscor had demanded the union have 30 percent membership before it
could be allowed to take part in the talks--a condition not applied to white
unions. It said while the union did not object in principle to the precondi-
tion, its demands for majority unionism had been rejected by the Steel Engix
neering Industries Federation, of which Iscor was a member. The federation
had insisted that all unions, irrespective of membership size, be included on
the metal industrial council. "Many small white unions are represented in the
negotiations and Iscor has stated explicitly that the precondition would not be
applied to these white unions. Mawu has substantial membership at Iscor, which
is increasing rapidly," said the statement. The union said it would consider
legal action against both Iscor and Seifsa. An Iscor spokesman denied the
company's actions were racially motivated. The company had to negotiate with
up to 12 unions, with another seven still recruiting membership, he said.
[Text] [By Mike Siluma] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 26 May 86 p 3]
19274

EMIGRANTS UPROOTING AT GREATER PACE--South Africans are uprooting themselves
at an accelerating pace to settle in other countries, according to figures
released yesterday by Central Statistical Services. The migration loss in
January and February this year was 1,044 people, compared with a gain of
2,554 in the two months last year. In the January~February period, immi-
grants totalled 1,333 against a record of 2,377 emigrants for the two months
last year. A breakdown in the emigrant figures highlights the continuing
serious loss of professional and skilled workers. In this period, 78 (39 last
year) engineers left the country, 29 (9) medical doctors and dentists, 30 (6)
accountants, and 54 (22) educationists. Economists said it was virtually cer-
tain that the trend would continue. They stressed that uncertainty about
future political developments, the economy, and the threat of a tightening
web of sanctions, would continue to influence those with saleable skills to
consider emigrating. Tourism was also hit in the January-February period.
Foreign visitors totalled 187,242 compared with 226,738 last year. [Text ]

[By Gerald Reilly] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 22 May 86 p 2]

19274

cso: 3400/1919

96



Hence we have drafted a directive for small projects, which has been approved
by the Provincial Assembly and which basically contains six lines of action. .—
for the economic and social rehabilitation of the province. .These lines of
action include agriculture and livestock ‘farming; here we are mobilizing an
encouraging the people to expand the acreage under cultivation in all the
favorable zones, giving priority to drought-resistent crops. Then we are
developing €fforts to rebuild the livestock, principally the cattle herds,:;..~
which’ have been decimated by the armed bands, and to breed pigs, and rabbits.
We are engaging the’ energies of the people and the social centers in over-,
coming’ the’ problems of hunger in the schools, hospitals and other places. ttt
The second Vine of action ig ship construction and repair,’ principally: fishing
vessels, because this will also contribute to alleviating the problem of sup-
plying food to the people, with some emphasig on the urban zones. These ‘ships
will also serve as cargo and passenger vessels.

> wl : . ¥ fy *
As the third ‘line of action, we are planning to improve the housing in the:
commmnal villagés in the more secure zones, to establish a more ptable and
productive population. The fouth and fifth lines of action are in the social .,*
area, ‘iamely education and health, to restore the health stations and mater- ..
nity centers as well as the schools, which have been damaged by the -armed
bandits. We are initiating a project to rebuild and to build new health posts,
maternity centers and schools. For example, this year we are planning to” ‘
restore 10 health stations, some of which have already been erected. The’.
‘sixth and last line of action is in the area of transportation and communica-
tions, basically the recovery of cargo vehicles damaged by the armed ‘bands.

We have made a study of the zones most suitable for agriculture, ‘to define

the areas for integrated regional development, based on a satellite servey ...i<
condiicted in‘1979: areas guch ap Chimunda, in Govuro District, Macovane,- in’ °°
Inhassoro Digtrict, Panharra, in Vilanculo District, Chiunze, in: Massinga
Distéict, Chinjinguire or Nhanombe valley, in Homoine District, and others,
where we currently have projects under development with ‘the collaboration :
of iiternational organizations. We have worked in the green zones to promote.
the cultivation of vegetables and fruits in the cities of Inhambane and Maxixe,
to alleviate the problem of hunger in these cities. Private farmers. who have
gome*resources are being identified and included in the planning of the areas
under cultivation, to create a better relation between these farmers and the
enterprises through which the provincial government will lend them support,
in-accordance with the directives of the Fourth Congress. We have held three -
seminars on agriculture, in which we diagnosed the problems and drew up some
guidelines. . © E a

People Participate in Combating Armed Bands

Question! Along with the drought, there is the phenomenon of armed Di try.
Could ‘you inform ug about the participation of the public in combating .thigs
scourge? : ae BuO

Answer: We’ would say that the situation of hostilities is troubling, although
we havé won significant victories in Inhambane province. We.do not feel. there
ig much reason for optimism in this area, because the struggle against armed:

18



JPRS«SSA+86+071
9 July 1986

South Africa and to stress that it is the Pretoria regime that has not kept
commitments which were assumed." The two Mozambican representatives described
Mozambique's economic situation as serious, although during’ recent ‘months there
has been a slight improvement due to the rainfall. In Bonn, the. delegation is
holding talks with a "Green" parliamentary group and with officials from the
Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Economic Cooperation. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS
in Portuguese 26 May 86 p 2] 2909

MAPUTO FLOATING DOCK--Last Thursday afternoon, the 300th vessel repaired by
the Maputo State Ship-Repair Enterprise at its floating dock, located on the
opposite side of the bay from the city of Maputo, was launched. The vessel
belongs to a mixed Mozambican and Japanese fishing enterprise, and the repair
work took only 4 days. According to statements made to this newspaper by
Nikolai Reznichenko, in charge of the floating dock, the complex has been in
operation since 1982, when the Mozambican government purchased it from the
Soviet government for use in ship repair. The floating coniplex, which has a
total of 203 employees, including 83 Soviet specialists, does all types of
ship repair on both domestic and foreign vessels. “From 1982 to the present,
we repaired a total of 300 vessels, both domestic and foreign,” the head of
the floating complex told us. “When a foreign vessel is repaired, payment is
made in convertible currency. We only allow payment in domestic currency when
the vessel belongs to a mixéd company, as is the case’with that we just
launched, owned by a mixed Mozambican-Japanese company,” Nikolai Reznichenko
explained to us. According to this source, the floating dock has already
repaired a number of domestic vessels as well as some from foreign countries,
including Spain, the GDR and the USSR. We were told that in addition to
repairing the vessels which arrive at the floating dock regularly, the Soviet
experts have provided vocational training for Mozambican workers ‘in the ship-
repair sector. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 10 May 86 p 2) 5157

MOZAMBICANS IN MOSCOW--(AIM)--More than half a hundred Mozambicans, including
students and diplomats, met at the library of the Mozambican embassy in Moscow
Saturday for a political session on the current domestic situation, based on
the analysis of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the FRELIMO
Party. The outgoing ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary of the
People's Republic of Mozambique in the USSR, Hipolito Patricio, presided at
the meeting. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 12 May 86 p 1] 5157

CS0:3442/224

47.



© JPRS“SSA~86-071
9 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

PORTUGUESE DAILY ANALYZES REACTIONS TO RAIDS
Lisbon 0 DIABO in Portuguese 27 May 86 p 18
[Article by "A.C.R.": “ANC a Dangerous Guest")

[Text] The action by the Republic of South Africa against ANC (African National
Congress) facilities in Zambia, Zimbabwe and Botswana--a model action in terms of
effectiveness and care taken to avoid hitting other targets--has met with a variety
of opinions. But one of the strangest is certainly that expressed by the president

of Zambia.

In the opinion of Kenneth Kaunda, Pretoria was inspired by the U.S. jattack on Libya.
The president of Zambia thus tried to make both the United States and South Africa
the culprits, showing them to be the same and enemies of peace. This indicates

that Kaunda is very much in tune with the Kremlin and all communist propaganda, but
is not representative of the truth: South Africa,-in acting as it did, was. not. imi-
tating any foreign model--it was merely pursuing its own policy .in matters of defense.

In fact, the punitive raids of 19 May are entirely consistent with those made in
January 1981 and May. 1983 against ANC facilities in southern Mozambique, specifical-
ly in Matola; in December 1982 against identical targets located Maseru, capital of
Lesotho; and in June of last year against an ANC sabotage center in Gaborone, capi-
tal of Botswana. In fact, they belong in the same category with the frequent puni-
tive expeditions in southern Angola, the only difference being that their targets
are SWAPO bases, rather than those of the ANC. :

So there is nothing new. Nothing new--except that on this occasion the South Afri-:
can planes and helicopters went farther than usual:. they flew to Harare and Lusaka,
which perhaps could be a reminder to the Angolan communists of the MPLA that some
day the raids could reach Luanda. :

It can also be construed as a novelty that these attacks took place to coincide with
the visit to South Africa of a Commonwealth delegation, with the well-intentioned
but utopian purpose of easing tensions. But this only. means that the South African
government should be taken at its word when it promises to destroy ANC or SWAPO
bases abroad, independently of any diplomatic or negotiating plan or execution of
the ongoing process for gradual elimination of apartheid.

For Pretoria, this is a firmly established principle. In taking full responsibili-
ty before Parliament a few days ago for these new punitive expeditions, President

92



The Cement Enterprise director reported that, "The cement factory has been
hurt by the irregular supply of electric power and by internal breakdowns of
equipment."

Concerning the latter point, the director announced that, "Starting on 15° May
and for a period of 4 months, the factory will be under repair and inspection;
which will force even. greater restrictions on us in supplying cement to our
clients." He admitted that the goals. for the first quarter.of this year had
not been met.

A guest. from the Provincial Directorate of Education and Culture said that the
lack of cement for building new schools is: jeopardizing the slogan of the
National Education System, claiming "no student under a tree, no student
sitting on the ground."

He added that this problem is posed more in the cities than in the districts,
because in the'latter the education agency has turned the old brick primary
schools into secondary schools, and-has built. others. out’ of wattle and daub,’
with the aid of the community, for primary education.

The guest from the education agency commented: "This problem is particularly
serious if we consider the fact. that, starting next year, the students attend~
ing fourth grade will not receive a diploma, but will remain in school ‘until
they reach the seventh grade, as the National. Education Systém requires. ‘And ”
the question arises. here: Where will.the new entering students have classrooms
if construction is virtually at a standstill?"

During the debate period, according to AIM [Mozambique Information Agency],

the issue was discussed by the provincial director of construction and water,
Clemente Mavila, who began by explaining that the fundamental reason for the
lack of conventional construction materials "is that the few financial resources
that the country has.available do not allow the construction sector to be
prioritized." He gave a reminder that the current priorities. are defense,
education, and health. However, he expressed the view that construction is
critical, because "all over the world, construction and agriculture constitute
the mainstays of any country's investment."

Clemente Mavila also discussed the Nacala Cement Factory, often referred to
in the debates of the consultative council, . He said that this factory's
installed capacity is 90,000 tons per. year.’ "However » since -its founding it
has never attained that figure, not even 60,000 tons."

The director, commented: "The maximum amount ‘that has been achieved, according
to the statistics, is 45,000 tons, during 1979. ‘Since 1981, it has never
attained : that tonnage again." - . ee

According to Clemente Mavila, the causes of the gradual drop in ‘production.

“are the internal organizational problems, the short supply of electric power
to the plant by the Nacala Power Plant, the fact that much of the equipment is
old by now, and, basically, Problems involving spare parts for the maintenance

30



VILLAGIZATION REPORTEDLY CONTINUES IN SHOA

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 26 May 86 p 12

JPRS*SSA~86-071
9 July 1986,

ETHIOPIA

[Text ]- SEVERAL’ “hundred: the planting season. “7
farmers, a pick. in hand or. Critics hare alto expressed.
mounted . precariously on. concern; that ‘the -villagisa-
makeshiftncaffolding, spend: _tion scheme .is-.a first step:

their Sunday in this central towards. collectivi
Ethiopian: village under an: Ethiopia's agriculture...
unrelenting fea buildings But Ethiopian authorities,
their future homes.=,1.°" ~ -deny. this, arguing that the
"Ethiopia's ‘villagisation’'+ Wilegitesion plan ». will;,
programme, ‘under which.’ provide services and infrast-
some..80. jon’ previously? ructure to; independent,
dispersed rural- dwellers are:! peasants and allow for more,
to , moved ito consralieed ‘ tational use of the country’s:
equi ee jements,’ “may * fertile lands."
faves been srofficially” "They also tejeted criticism
suspended be tase of the® which * links villagisation j
rainy season ueit iv Shere.to ‘similar, unsuccess,
proceeding ‘apace here‘ in” ‘ful, {programmes in’ .,China:
jShoa province: south of: the and. Tanzania,” saying the
capital Addis ‘Ababa, sent Ethiopian project was -build-
| Work:to bui reneen ins sing on the experience of the |
ithe new’ settlements! contin: * earlier experiinents,-notably"
ues on the numerous publi¢ by avoiding imposing eco-
tholidays when’ peasants are“! nomic constiaints ‘such. ss.
freed from the tasks of culti- the collectivation, of land or,
‘Vating their ‘fields,’ said an S livestock. ret.
employee of. the, Agriculture gr The Programme here.
inistry., seedy i . ince also “appears:
So fay slightly, move than: S6°be'rying-to avoid. prob
threé., taillion, “people.in, lems cased in. other- areas!
‘southern Ethiopia have been. irbere the villagisation
mov a a
Western critics say the pro:s an ‘agriculture Ministiy
fem lesciement snd was! ae Sn elecatone’ wap
. 7 0a. ‘elocations: . w:
timed without concern. for... > bi BSIDYL ,
levels.~ie Oe"
19274

cso: 3400/1953



JPRS*SSA*86*071
9 July 1986
Erapo Press Conference

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 29 May 86 p 3
[Article by Sophie Tema and Sipho Ngcobo]

[Text] Two men who were allegedly involved in petrol-bombings that gutted eight
homes and killed one person in East Rand townships were brought by the East Rand
People's Organisation (Erapo) yesterday to a Press conference, where one made an
alleged "confession."

Abraham Zwane, 19, and William Maguga, 20, both from Katlehong, were seized at
their homes by members of Erapo yesterday shortly after attacks on the homes of
activists,

They were brought to Khotso House where Zwane said he had been recruited by a
man known as "Axa," a student also known as Aaron Zwane, “to join a group which,
he said, included security policemen. .

The homes they attacked belonged to United Democratic Front-linked activists.

A spokesman for the Police Public Relations Directorate in Pretoria said yesterday:
"We are aware of the allegations often made against the police. ' The police deny
these allegations. The police do not go about killing people."

A shabily-dressed Zwane, told the Press conference he had joined a group which
attacked a house on the East Rand about two months ago, killing a one-month-old
baby. For that attack he was pais R120.

Maguga denied any involvement in the attacks on the houses of the activists,
although Erapo officials claimed he had confessed to the attacks.earlier,

Zwane said the group he was involved with consisted of five security policemen--
two whites and three blacks--and 13 vigilantes.

He described in detail events on tuesday evening when the group attacked two
homes in Thokoza and a house in Katlehong with petrol bombs, ‘They also attacked

a couple, shooting one of them dead.

cso: 3400/1902

58



ISRAEL OFFERS DROUGHT AID ON ARID LAND FARMING

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 May 86 p 21

{Text ]

19274
csO:

3400/1953

NEW YORK. — An/[sraeli official yesterday’ offered '

to place his country’s expertise in arid-land farming at
the disposal of African nation plagued by drought and
famine. ~

Speaking to a special session of the UN General As-
sembly on the critical economic situation in Africa, Mr
Jon Kimche, director general of the Israeli Foreign
Ministry, said: “Israel wishes to share the fruits of its
experience with the peoples of Africa.”

Mr Kimche said more than half of Israel’s territory
got very little rainfall, conditions comparable with large
parts of Africa, and its modern drought-1 ‘management
systems were internationally known.

“We are prepared to pi lace our know-how at the dis-
posal of Africa in developing suitable technologies for
the reduction of drought vulnerability,” he said. i

Millions of Africans have suffered from Srought in-
duced famine in recent years.

Most: African nations cut off diplomatic relations
with Israel after the 1967 war when Israel occupied part.
of Egypt on the African continent.

However, relations have been improving recently
with some African states.

Mr Kimche said Israeli expertise was considerable
both in. agricultural achievements, and in technical
assistance. — Sapa-AP.

JPRS*SSA*86~071
9 July 1986

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS



JPRS+SSA+86+071
9 July 1986

Resort in November last year. President Lennox Sebe said in his policy

speech that the new hotel in the Stockenstroom West district had more than
doubled Ciskei accommodation facilities overnight. With the attraction of

the Amatola casino and the renovated facilities of the Hamburg Hotel and the
Highlands View Holiday Resort, as well as the Tsolwana Game Ranch, tourism
could now rightly be accredited as one of the main sources of revenue gener-
ation in Ciskei. President Sebe said that, unfortunately, without a proper
statistical base, it was not possible to determine what actual contribution was
being made to state revenue by tourism, but obviously it must represent a con-
siderable sum. The tourist board had played a significant role in advertising
Ciskei as a tourist mecca, not only in terms of its attractive hotels and
gasino, but also in bringing interest to bear on hiking trails, motoring trails
and the wonderful retreats to be found in the Amatola mountains. [Text]

[East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 13 May 86 p 3] /9274

CISKEL BULEMBU AIRPORT NEARLY COMPLETE--Bisho--Ciskei's international airport
at Bulembu, which was equipped with every navigational and safety aid, was
among the most modern in Southern Africa, President Lennox Sebe, continuing
with his policy speech, said yesterday. He said the airport, which is nearing
completion, would provide a new gateway into the Republic of Ciskei and would
play a significant role in accelerating growth in the country's economy and in
the tourist industry. Pres Sebe said the airport had been constructed to
specifications which catered for the largest aircraft used on international
air routes. Thus direct flights could originate from any country with a dis-
tance of 3,500 nautical miles, that is Nairobi, Mauritius or Seychelles. It
was gratifying to learn that two Ciskeians had successfully completed their
first phase training in airport management. ‘Three others had passed their
aerodrome control licence examinations in South Africa, thereby complying with
international standards. These trainees had undergone practical training at
East London and Jan Smuts airports. He said that eight more Ciskeians would be
trained in air traffic control and four in communications. [Text] [East
London DAILY DISPATCH in English 13 May 86 p 3] /9274

SUPPORT OF BLACK SUPERVISORS URGED--Most supervisors will soon be black, and
in the end black supervisors will be better than white ones if they are fully
supported by middle-management, says Dennis Etheredge, president of the SA
Institute of Supervisors has said. Speaking at a seminar at the Jan Smuts
Airport Sun yesterday, Etheredge said that insufficient attention was given to
the supervisor and foreman and the ratio of supervisor to workman of 1 to 42
was far too low. Supervisors had to be acknowledged leaders and know how to
use each man to his best ability, he said. There must be clear lines of com-
munication with managers and they did not exist at the moment. Etheredge said
that all this would improve with selection and training, not just the toughest
should be selected and there must be training as very few were born to super~-
vising others. The training should include an understanding of special SA
problems, such as racial differences and politicisation, and supervisors should
understand trade unionists, he said. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in
English 29 May 86 p 2] /9274

BLACK POLICEMEN PRAISED--Ulundi: Black policemen in an apartheid society
were not "mad dogs" that had to be rooted out and killed, but were society's
greatest friend, said Chief Mangosuthu Butelezi. Addressing the Kwa Zulu
Legislative Assembly, Chief Buthelezi--who is also the homeland's Minister of
Police--said nowhere else in Africa had "liberation forces" concentrated on

90



However, it is important for this activity not to be confined here, because
manioc production must not be limited only to certain locations in. those
northern zone districts of Inhambane Province, ‘but’ must extend to all
locations.

In order to achieve this, the agricultural sector must continue, in each
campaign, to supply manioc plant stakes to the districts of Vilanculo, Govuro,
and Mabote.

2909
cso: 3442/235

. 35



GOVERNMENT UNABLE TO PAY FOOD SUBSIDIES

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 22 May 86 p 4

{Text ]

19274
cso:

3400/1911

THE State could no longer pay out large amounts on’
food subsidies, Minister of Agricultural Economics
and Water Affairs Greyling Wentzel said in the House
of Representatives ise ay. . ‘ :

Speaking on his budget, he said the question of
subsidies .on certain food products was being re-

“The bread subsidy was already being phased out, by
fixing the amount paid by the State at R150m.

‘The subsidy being paid on mealie meal was not
satisfactory because only white maize was used for
food Purposes. Yellow maize was used mainly for.
chicken feed. .

Subsidies were also being requested on other food

ucts.” “ }

Tt was clear the State could not continue to' pay
large amounts to subsidise food, and other ways would:
have to be sought to provide cheaper for the

i.

needy. wabre o ay be

‘Referring to amounts paid to meat and canned food
producers, e said this should not be seen as a subsid

farmers but as assistance for Industries which:

provided employment for many people. .

‘The canned food industry had fulfered asa result of,
a trend by consumers towards fresh produce. *

The meat industry had been severely affected by
the drought, which had forced farmers to sell their
stock at low prices. — Sapa. +

97

JPRS*SSA*86~071
9 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS*SSA-86~071
9 July 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

FISHING SECTOR DEVELOPMENT TO BE CENTERED ON CHICOA BASIN
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 9 May 86 p 3

[Article by Benjamim Faduco]

[Text] The Cahora Bassa Lagoon fishing development project which is currently
under way has as its point of departure the Chicoa Basin, located about 60
kilometers upstream from the Cahora Bassa Hydroelectric Complex (HCB), It
will serve as a new focus of economic development to be added to the vast
potential offered by the soil and subsoil resources of the province of Tete,
including the abundant water resources found in the largest artificial lake on
the African continent. In the first stage, begun 3 years ago, the Chicoa
Basin project has essentially involved. various types of support for the
numerous traditional fishermen in the region, who had previously been doomed
to pursue to an activity providing a precarious living.

In the coming years, the exploitation of the fishing resources of the zone
will result in the establishment of new fishing complexes along the basins
which make up the lake, in other words the ravine basin and the Chicoa, Magoe,
Zumbo, Karinde and Messengueze Basins. Currently, about 470 traditional
fishermen are receiving support from the Small-Scale Fishing Unit Office
located in Chicoa. This support involves sales to them of consumer products
such as corn meal, rice, sugar, soap, salt, oil and other items, as well as
incentive goods including clothing, radios, oil stoves, thermoses, wraps,
bicycles, etc. Fishing equipment is sold to the fishermen as an investment.
Further plans call for the implementation of the second and final phase of the
undertaking this year, which will radically change the face of the region, and
with it, the life of its inhabitants.

Established in 1983, the Fishing Combine located on the right bank of the
Cahora Bassa Lagoon in Chicoa was the first experiment of its kind in the
region in the economic exploitation of the fishing resources to be found
there. Although in the first years of its existence, its only premises were
some small shacks built of zinc sheets, the Small-Scale Fishing Office Unit
which directs the growing Fishing Combine is now different in appearance. It
represents the beginning of the better future to which we all aspire.

38